EPA 901/9-77-005
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RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS
T. E. MAXSON WTP AND SIGNIFICANT INDUSTRIAL CONTRIBUTORS
MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE
MARCH 1977
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SURVEILLANCE AND ANALYSIS DIVISION
ATHENS, GEORGIA
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RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS
T. E. MAXSON WTP AND SIGNIFICANT INDUSTRIAL CONTRIBUTORS
MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE
March 1977
Environmental Protection Agency
Surveillance and Analysis Division
Athens, Georgia
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
LIST OP TABLES iii
LIST OF FIGURES vii
INTRODUCTION 1
STUDY FINDINGS , 2
STUDY AREA 9
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 13
T. E. MAXSON WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT 13
Treatment Facility 13
Treatment Processes 13
Personnel 18
Study Results and Observations 19
Flow 20
Wastewater Characteristics and Removal Efficiencies .... 23
Aeration Basins 30
Clarifiers 37
Chlorine Contact Chambers 39
Sludge Handling 42
Laboratory 43
TOXICITY STUDY 45
Introduction 45
T. E. Maxson WTP Operations 45
Bioassay Methods and Test Organisms 45
Sampling 46
Results 46
INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES 57
Introduction 57
Summary of Industrial Contributions 57
General Study Procedures .. 58
Sampling Program 58
Wastewater Flow Determinations 59
Industries Investigated 60
Nonconnah Creek Basin
Delta Refining Co 68
Kimco Auto Products, Inc 71
Refined Metals Corp 74
Shulton, Inc 77
United Paint Co., Inc 80
Dixie Litho Plate, Inc 83
Alco Gravure, Inc 86
i
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont.)
Page
Quality Industrial Uniform Service 89
Valley Product Co 91
Chapman Chemical Co > 95
Illinois Central Gulf Railroad - "Johnston Yard" 99
Rainbo Photo Service, Inc 102
Richards Manufacturing Co 105
National Starch and Chemical Corp 108
Utrex, Inc Ill
Cleo Wrap Corp 114
D&W Plating Co. 117
Delta Foremost Chemical Corp 119
J. M. Smucker Co 122
Ralston Purina Co 125
Joseph Schlitz Brewing Co 128
Frito Lay, Inc 131
General Cable Corp 134
Gould, Inc 137
High's Ice Cream Novelties, Inc 140
Hunter Fan and Ventilating Co 143
Hunt Wesson Foods, Inc 146
Kellogg Co 149
Kroger Co 152
Memphis Furniture Co 155
Midwest Farms 158
Crown-Zellerbach Corp 161
Klinke Brothers Ice Cream Co 164
Keathleys 167
J. Strickland Co 170
Pro-Serv, Inc 173
Presidents Island Basin
Cargill, Inc 176
Cargill, Inc 179
Mid-South Plating Co., Inc 182
Armour Corp 185
Memphis Butchers (Subsidiary of Buring Food Group, Inc.) .... 188
Unarco Commercial Products (Subsidiary of Unarco Industries). 191
Nat Buring Packing (Division of Buring Food Group, Inc 194
Faith-Memphis Plating Co. 197
Miller Transporters, Inc 200
CBI Nuclear Corp 203
REFERENCES 206
APPENDICES
A. Laboratory Data A-l
B. Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations B-l
C. Oxygen Uptake Procedure , C-l
D. General Study Methods D-l
E. Industrial Dischargers Nonconnah Creek Basin and
Presidents Island Basin E-l
ii
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LIST OF TABLES
Number Page
I Design Data, T. E. Maxson Wastewater Treatment Plant 15
II Dally Rainfall Data, Memphis, Tennessee..... 21
III Weekly Average Wastewater Characteristics and Removal
Efficiencies, T. E. Maxson WTP, October 18-25, 1976 24
IV Organic Compounds Detected in T. E. Maxson WTP Influent and
Effluent Wastewaters, October 18-25, 1976 26
V Activated Sludge Operational Parameters, T. E. Maxson WTP.... 32
VI Oxygen Uptake Rates, T. E. Maxson WTP, October 19-20, 1976... 36
VII Secondary Clarifier Operational Parameters, T. E. Maxson WTP. 41
VIII Test 1 - Influent 24-Hour Acute Flow-Through Toxicity Study
(Sunfish), T. E. Maxson WTP, October 18-19,1976 49
IX Test 2 - Influent 72-Hour Acute Flow-Through Toxicity Study
(Sunfish), T. E. Maxson WTP, October 19-22, 1976 50
X Test 3 - Influent 48-Hour Acute Static Toxicity Study (Water
Fleas), T. E. Maxson WTP, October 20-22, 1976 51
XI Test 4 - Influent 24-Hour Acute Static Toxicity Study
(Sunfish), T. E. Maxson WTP, October 21-22, 1976 52
XII Test 5 - Effluent 96-Hour Acute Flow-Through Toxicity Study
(Sunfish), T. E. Maxson WTP, October 18-22, 1976 53
XIII Test 6 - Effluent 48-Hour Acute Static Toxicity Study
(Water Fleas), T. E. Maxson WTP, October 19-21, 1976 54
XIV Organic Compounds Detected (mg/1), Toxicity Studies, T. E.
Maxson WTP, October 15-22, 1976 55
XV Metal Concentrations Detected (ug/1), Toxicity Study, T. E.
Maxson WTP, October 15-22, 1976 . 56
XVI Industrial Wastewater Loadings (lb/day), Nonconnah Creek
Basin, October 1976 61
XVII Industrial Dischargers Contributing One Percent or More of
Indicated Parameter, Nonconnah Creek Basin, October 1976 64
iii
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LIST OF TABLES
Number Page
XVIII Industrial Sources Discharging Toxic Chemicals,
Nonconnah Creek Basin, October 1976 65
XIX Industrial Wastewater Loadings (lb/day), Presidents
Island Interceptor, October 1976 66
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS-
NONCONNAH CREEK BASIN
XX Delta Refining Company 70
XXI Kimco Auto Parts 73
XXII Refined Metals Corp 76
XXIII Shulton, Inc 79
XXIV United Paint Co 82
XXV Dixie Litho Plate, Inc : 85
XXVI Alco Gravure, Inc 88
XXVII Quality Industrial Uniform Service 90
XXVIII Valley Products Co 94
XXIX Chapman Chemical Co. 98
XXX Illinois Central RR 101
XXXI Rainbo Photo Service, Inc 77. ..104
XXXII Richards Manufacturing Co 107
XXXIII National Starch and Chemical Corp 110
XXXIV Utrex, Inc 113
XXXV Cleo Wrap Corp 116
XXXVI D&W Plating Co 118
XXXVII Delta Foremost Chemical Co . 121
iv
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LIST OF TABLES
Number Page
XXXVIII J. M. Smucker Co 124
XXXIX Ralston-Purina Co 127
XL Joseph Schlitz Brewing Co 130
XLI Frlto Lay, Inc. 133
XLII General Cable Corp 136
XLIII Gould, Inc 139
XLIV High's Ice Cream Novelties, Inc 142
XLV Hunter Fan and Ventilating Co 145
XLVI Hunt Wesson Foods, Inc 148
XLVII Kellogg Co 151
XLVIII Kroger Co. 154
XLIX Memphis Furniture Co 157
L Midwest Farms, Inc 160
LI Crown-Zellerbach Corp 163
LII Klinke Bros. Ice Cream Co 166
LIII Keathley, Inc 169
LIV J. Strickland Co 172
LV Pro-Serv, Inc 175
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS -
PRESIDENTS ISLAND BASIN
LVI Cargill, Inc 1 178
LVII Cargill, Inc-. ...... 181
LVIII Mid-South Plating Co., Inc 184
LIX Armour, Inc 187
V
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LIST OF TABLES
Number Page
LX Memphis Butchers 190
LXI Unarco Commercial Products 193
LXII Nat Buring Packing 196
LXIII Faith-Memphis Plating Co. 199
LXIV Miller Transporters, Inc 202
LXV CBI Nuclear Corp. 205
vi
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LIST OF FIGURES
Number Page,
1 Study Location Map, Memphis, Tennessee, October
17-29, 1976 10
1-A Industry Map Key, Memphis, Tennessee 11
2 T. E. Maxson WTP, Memphis, Tennessee 14
3 Plant Flow, T. E. Maxson WTP 22
4 Continuous Influent pH Recording, T. E. Maxson WTP 28
5 Influent COD, T. E. Maxson WTP 29
6 T. E. Maxson WTP, Memphis, Tennessee 31
7 Daily Average of Settlometer Results, T. E. Maxson WTP .... 40
8 Site Diagram, Valley Products Company, Memphis,Tennessee... 92
9 Treatment System, Illinois Central Gulf Railroad,
Memphis, Tennessee 100
vii
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INTRODUCTION
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region IV Surveillance
and Analysis Division, Water Surveillance and Ecology branches, conducted
a case preparation study of the T. E. Maxson Wastewater Treatment Plant
(WTP) and its contiguous sewerage system in Memphis, Tennessee during
October 1976. The study included an operation and maintenance investiga-
tion of the plant, bioassay toxicity studies of the plant influent and
effluent, and waste characterization studies of significant industrial
wastewater contributors to the collection system. The study was specifi-
cally requested by the EPA Region IV Enforcement Division. The main
objectives of the study were to:
• Determine the capability of the WTP to treat present and
projected waste loads within the limits imposed by the current
NPDES permit,
• Characterize significant waste sources currently discharging
into the collection system, and
• Verify data to be provided by the City's consultant, resulting
from a Show Cause Hearing.
The cooperation of the Tennessee Department of Public Health, the
Memphis-Shelby County Health Department, and the City of Memphis is
gratefully acknowledged.
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STUDY FINDINGS
The T. E. Maxson Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) was designed as an
80 mgd contact stabilization activated sludge system, and was placed into
substantial operation in June, 1975. The WTP was designed for five-day bior
chemical oxygen demand (BOD,-) and total suspended solids (TSS) removal ef-
ficiencies of 85 and 90 percent, respectively. During the study, the plant
was receiving wastewater only from the Nonconnah Creek Basin interceptor.
Interceptors serving the Presidents Island area of Memphis (Presidents Island
Interceptor) and a portion of Mississippi (Horn Lake Interceptor) will be
connected to the WTP in the near future.
Study data show that the WTP was not meeting NPDES effluent limits.
Average daily reductions in BOD^, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and TSS were '
69, 54, and 45 percent, respectively. The weekly average effluent concentra-
tions for BOD5 and TSS of 165 and 210 mg/1, respectively, exceeded the
weekly average NPDES permit limitations of 45 mg/1. Wastewater flow into
the WTP averaged 39 mgd (49 percent of design), and the organic loading
(BOD^) averaged 173,400 lbs/day (104 percent of the design loading of 166,000
lbs/day). For the 24-hour period October 21 through 22, 1976, the BOD5
loading was 232,400 lbs/day (140 percent of the design loading). For short
periods, such as on the morning of October 21, 1976, the design organic
loading was exceeded to the extent that proper operation of the contact
stabilization process was severely impeded. The organic (BOD5) overloading
problem will be significantly increased when the Presidents Island and Horn
Lake interceptors are connected to the WTP.
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Significant amounts of chlordane, chloroform, ramrod, and terpineol
isomer were detected in the WTP influent. Approximate influent loadings
of these four compounds were 846, 58.5, 86.2, and 58.5 lbs/day, respec-
tively. Significant amounts of chlordane (976 lbs/day), chloroform (68.3
lbs/day), and ramrod (49.1 lbs/day) were also discharged from the WTP.
Chlordane and chloroform are on EPA's Consent Decree, "65 Toxic Chemicals
List".
Toxicity studies indicated that the influent and effluent wastewaters
were toxic to waterfleas and blueglll sunfish. These tests showed that
influent toxicity varied due to batch discharges and that toxicity was
substantially reduced by the WTP process. Because of the complex makeup
of the wastewater, it Is difficult to determine the exact compound, or
group of compounds causing this toxicity. However, compounds such as
chlordane and atrazine, which were detected in the wastewater, have been
documented as causative agents in acute toxicity by other investigators.
Major WTP operational problems detected during the study are as
follows:
1. The air supply was insufficient for proper operation of both the
contact stabilization process and digesters. Normally, two, and
occasionally three, of the five air compressors (maximum output
42,000 cfm each) were operated. The average influent BOD^ loading
of 173,40Q lbs/day required an air supply of 102,300 cfm for the
operation of the contact stabilization process (assuming 85 percent
removal and 1,000 cfm/lb BOD5).
2. The 13 acre sludge lagoon is an emergency type sludge holding
facility, and cannot function as the sole sludge disposal mechanism.
3
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3. The WTP receives untreated wastewaters from unregulated industrial
discharges which produce shock loadings and keep the process con-
tinually upset. Batch discharges were common, as evidenced by wide
variation in the influent pH and the extremely high organic loadings.
4. The WTP was understaffed. One operator per shift cannot adequately
control a WTP of this size and complexity, especially when automated
equipment is not fully operational.
5. Flow was restricted between the reaeration and contact basins. The
maximum return sludge rate attained under typical operating condi-
tions has been approximately 20 mgd (25 percent of design). The
treatment system was designed for a 60 mgd (75 percent of design)
return sludge rate. Under these restricted hydraulic conditions,
the WTP cannot be properly operated at design flow.
6. Numerous mechanical problems with items such as the blowers, in-
fluent pumps, clarlfier sludge removal equipment, etc., have re-
sulted in an excessively long shakedown period.
7. Electrical power failures have caused severe operational problems.
During the survey, a defective area light caused a power failure
which shut down the central control computer and caused the sub-
sequent loss of control power to the blowers, pumps, etc., totally
shutting down the WTP. The WTP was without power for approximately
one and one-half hours. The computer was down for over six hours.
8. Observation of the clarifiers indicated that the magnetic flowmeters
were producing erroneous readings. Proper operation of the numerous
flowmeters in the WTP is vital to optimum efficiency and automatic
operation of the facility.
4
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9. Only five of the eight final clarifiers were in service. A sub-
contractor was stripping and repainting all of the metal work
in each clarifier, and a new grout bottom had just been completed
in one of them.
10. Maximum aeration basin utilization was only 60 percent of the total
available capacity. The number of basins utilized were selected to
match hydraulic loading rather than organic loading conditions.
11. Maximum utilization of the sludge thickeners is essential to conserve
digester space.
12. The chlorine supply was depleted on October 14, 1976, and the effluent
stream was not disinfected during the duration of the study.
13. Effluent weirs on four of the five clarifiers were out of level.
The industrial wastewater dischargers investigated during this study
were selected from a list of 162 which were discharging into the T. E.
Maxson WTP from the Nonconnah Creek Basin Interceptor. From this list,
73 sources were selected for on-site reconnaissance inspections by study
personnel. Those sources not inspected discharged only cooling water,
sanitary wastewater, or insignificant volumes of process wastewater.
As a direct result of the on-site inspections, thirty-six industrial
sources were selected for investigation.
A reconnaissance inspection was also made of the industries located
on and adjacent to Presidents Island during the week of October 25, 1976.
As.a result of these inspections, ten sources were selected for investiga-
tion. These industries discharged wastewaters Into the Presidents Island
Interceptor which presently discharges into the Mississippi River without
treatment. This interceptor will be connected to the WTP in the near future.
5
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The Horn Lake Interceptor, which, when completed, will transport waste-
waters from northern Mississippi, will not serve any significant indus-
trial sources, and was not investigated.
The thirty-six Nonconnah Creek Basin industries were sampled for
two or more days during October 18 through 23, 1976. Seventeen of the
thirty-six sources contributed more than one percent of the influent
load of at least one measured pollutant discharged into the WTP during
the study. These sources contributed 48 percent of the BOD^ (99,100 lbs/day),
48 percent of the COD (178,000 lbs/day), and 36 percent of the TSS (42,500
lbs/day) loads discharged into the WTP during the study. Those sources
responsible for the bulk of the influent industrial waste load included:
BOD^ (41 percent) - Schlltz Brewing Company, Ralston Purina, Valley Prod-
ucts, and Hunt Wesson Foods; COD (43 percent) - Schlitz Brewing Company,
Ralston Purina, and Valley Products; TSS (34 percent) - Schlitz Brewing
Company, Ralston Purina, Valley Products, Hunt Wesson Foods, Frito-Lay,
and Kellogg. The Nonconnah Creek Basin sources accounted for the follow-
ing percentages of the indicated heavy metals that were discharged into
the treatment plant: chromium and cadmium (100 percent), zinc (52 percent),
nickel (22 percent), lead (11 percent), and copper (8 percent). Seven
industries discharged organic compounds Included In EPA's Consent Decree,
"65 Toxic Chemicals List" as follows:
DISCHARGER ORGANIC COMPOUND
Pro-Serv chloroform trichloroethylene,
toluene, ethyl benzene, methylene
chloride
6
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DISCHARGER
ORGANIC COMPOUND
National Starch and
Chemical Company
trichloroethylene, methylene chloride,
butyl benzyl phthalate, phenol
Chapman Chemical Company
benzene, methylene chloride
Delta Refining Company
phenol
Delta Foremost Chemical Co. phenol
Hunt Wesson Foods, Inc.
phenol
Shulton, Inc.
diethyl phthalate
The only industrial source that deliberately "batch" discharged
wastewater was the Pro-Serv Company. However, results of the operation
and maintenance and toxicity studies conducted at the WTP indicated that
many other sources were probably "batch" discharging wastewater.
Several industrial dischargers relied on septic tank cleaning services
to maintain their discharge sumps. In most cases, company personnel did not
know how or where the collected wastes were discharged. If these wastes are
discharged into the WTP sewer system, this could represent a significant
pollutant load.
The ten Presidents Island Basin industrial sources were sampled
during October 25 through 28, 1976. The waste loads of BOD5 (15,000 lbs/day),
COD (82,000 lbs/day), and TSS (21,000 lbs/day) discharged by these sources
represented approximately 20 percent of the total load currently discharged
into the WTP. Of the ten sources sampled, the Cargill Corn Syrup plant
and the Armour Company accounted for 94 percent of the BOD^, COD, and total
Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), plus 92 percent of the TSS discharged. The chro-
mium discharged from these sources exceeded the amount currently discharged
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to the WTP. The zinc discharged was approximately one-third of the
current WTP influent loading. When this interceptor is connected to
the WTP, it will significantly increase the current organic (BOD^) load-
ing on the plant and add to the existing WTP operational problems.
8
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PAGE NOT
AVAILABLE
DIGITALLY
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FIGURE 1-A
INDUSTRY MAP KEY
MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE
October, 1976
INDUSTRY NO.
NAME
MAP COORDINATES
1.
Delta Refining Corp.
L-13
2.
Kimco Auto Products, Inc.
N-15
3.
Refined Metals Corp.
L-14
5.
Shulton, Inc.
N-16
6.
United Paint Co., Inc.
L-17
11.
Dixie Litho Plating, Inc.
J-22
12.
Alco-Gravure, Inc.
B-18
14.
Quality Industrial Uniform Service
F-26
15.
Valley Products Co.
1-16
16.
Champman Chemical Co.
1-17
17.
Illinois Central RR
J-14
19.
Rainbo Photo Service, Inc
1-22
20.
Richards Mfg. Company
1-21
21.
National Starch & Chemical Corp.
F-30
22.
Utrex Incorporated
F-32
26.
Cleo Wrap Corp.
G-31
27.
D&W Plating Co.
G-27
28.
Delta Foremost Chemical Corp.
F-31
29.
J. M. Smucker Co.
G-34
32.
Ralston Purina Co.
E-37
33.
Jos. Schlitz Brewing Co.
F-36
38.
Frito-Lay, Inc.
M-24
39.
General Cable Corp.
0-20
40.
Gould, Inc.
N-24
41.
High's Ice Cream Novelties, Inc
P-20
42.
Hunter Fan & Ventillating Company
L-25
43.
Hunt Wesson Foods, Inc.
P-20
44.
Kellogg Company
M-24
45.
The Kroger Co.
L-25
46.
Memphis Furniture Co.
L-25
47.
Midwest Farms
P-20
51.
Crown Zellerback Corp.
H-18
56.
Klinke Bros. Ice Cream Co.
K-26
67.
Keathleys
P-24
71.
J. Strickland & Co.
N-71
73.
Pro-Serve, Inc.
J-17
80.
Cargill, Inc.
M-10
81.
Cargill, Inc.
K-7
82.
Mid-South Plating Co., Inc.
M-10
83.
Armour Corp.
0-14
84.
Memphis Butchers
0-14
11
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INDUSTRY NO. NAME MAP COORDINATES
85.
Unarco Industries, Inc
P-15
86.
Buring Food Group, Inc
N-ll
87.
Faith-Memphis Plating Co.
L-7
88.
Miller Transporters, Inc
L-9
89.
CBI Nuclear Corp.
L-6
12
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results in the following areas are presented and discussed in this
portion of the report: (1) operation and maintenance investigations;
(2) toxic bioassay studies of Influent and effluent wastewater streams,
and (3) waste characterization studies of significant industrial contrib-
utors.
T.E. MAXSON WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
This section deals with findings of operation and maintenance in-
vestigations conducted at the WTP October 18 through 25, 1976. Methods
employed during this study included extensive sampling, physical measure-
ments, and daily observation of WTP operations. The specific objectives
were to:
(1) Evaluate wastewater treatment through control testing and exam-
ination of operational practices;
(2) Determine influent and effluent wastewater characteristics, and
(3) Compare design and current wastewater loadings.
Detailed findings are discussed in the following subsections.
Treatment Facility
Treatment Processes—
The 80 mgd T.E. Maxson WTP was designed as a contact stabilization
activated sludge system. Its purpose was to serve a population of ap-
proximately 480,000 plus an equivalent industrial population of 495,000.
A schematic diagram is presented in Figure 2, and Table I enumerates the
design data of the system.
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FIGURE 2
T. E.MAXSON WTP
MEMPHIS,TENNESSEE
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TABLE I
DESIGN DATA'S
T. E. MAXSON WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE
I. General Design
Design year
Population
Industrial Equivalent Population
Total Equivalent Population
Average Flow
Peak Flow
BOD
Suspended Solids
1985
480,000
495,000
975,000
80 mgd
150 mgd
166,000 lbs/day
195,000 lbs/day
II. Flow Measurements
Influent
Effluent
Return Sludge
Waste Sludge
Digester recycle
Waste Sludge (thickener)
Magnetic meter,
Parshall flume,
Magnetic meter
Magnetic meter
Magnetic meter
Magnetic meter
recorder, totalizer
indicator, totalizer
III. Preliminary Treatment
Bar Screens
Comminutors (3)
Capacity (each)
Grit Chambers (4)
Surface Area (each)
Surface Loading
Detention'Time
Mechanically Cleaned
72 mgd
800 sq.ft.
25,000 gpd/sq.ft.
4.8 minutes
IV. Contact Basins
Number 4 sets**
Volume (per set) 179,000 cu.ft.
1,339,000 gals
Aeration (diffused air)
Number diffuser (per set) 20 "Z shaped"
Air Requirements 722,000 cu.ft./hr.
Average Flows (plus RS) 35 mgd
Detention Time 0.86 hrs.
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V. Reaeration Basins
Number 6 sets**
Volume (set) 179,000 cu.ft.
1,339,000 gals,
Average Flow 7.5 mgd
Detention Time 4.0 hrs.
VI. Final Clarifiers
Number
Diameter
Area
Volume
Surface Loading
Overflow Rate
Detention Time
Depth
Weir Length
8
135 ft.
14,300 sq.ft.
214,500 cu.ft.
1,604,500 gals.
700 gpd/sq.ft.
13,500 gpd/lin.ft.
3.85 hrs.
15 ft.
756.72 ft.
VII. Chlorination
Chlorine Contact Chambers (2)
Diameter 120 ft.
Surface Area 11,300 sq.ft.
Detention Time 0.5 hrs.
Volume 113,000 cu.ft.
Chlorinators 3
Evaporator 2
VIII. Aerobic Digestion
Number 4 sets
Volume 159,100 cu.ft.
1,190,000 gals.
Aeration diffused air
Detention Time 16-18 days
IX. Sludge Thickener
Number
Area
Depth
Solids Loading
Surface Loading
Volume
2
2,400 sq.ft.
8 ft.
6 lbs/sq.ft./day
750 gals/sq.ft.
143,626 gals.
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X. Sludge Lagoon
Area***
Depth
Volume
XI. Pumping Facility
Raw Sewage
3 variable speed
1 constant speed
Return Sludge
6 variable speed
Digested Sludge
4 variable speed
Air Lift
4 constant speed
Scum
4 constant speed
XII. Aeration Equipment
Air Compressors
Capacity
13 acres
653,400 sq.ft.
20 ft.
9,296,400 cu.ft.
69,537,000 gals.
700 H.P.
35,000 gpm @ 63 ft. TDH @ 417 rpm
35,000 gpm @ 63 ft. TDH 0 440 rpm
125 H.P.
12,000 gpm @ 85 ft. TDH
3,000 gpm @ 6 ft. TDH
50 H.P.
500 gpm @85 ft. TDH
300 gpm @ 31 ft. TDH
500 gpm @ 3.75 ft. TDH
7.5 H.P.
100 gpm @85 ft. TDH
42,000 cfm each
* Design data reprint from the Memphis Public Relation Brochure, T. E. Maxson
WTP, and engineering design drawings.
** Four sets of basins can be used interchangeably for either contact or
reaeratlon basins.
*** Data calculated using dimensions on construction plans.
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Influent wastewater passed through mechanically cleaned bar screens.
It was then pumped to three comminutors and four aerated grit chambers.
Wastewater flowed from the grit chambers by gravity into the contact ba-
sins, the clarifiers, and the chlorine contact chambers. Chlorine was
added at the Parshall flume prior to discharge into the two contact cham-
bers. Effluent from each chamber combined and discharged into the Missis-
sippi River via the cooling water channel at the TVA power plant.
Return sludge from the clarifiers was pumped into the reaeration
basins and flowed by gravity into the contact basins. Waste sludge was
pumped from the clarifiers into the aerobic digesters. Sludge flowed
from the digesters into sludge thickeners and was pumped into a 13 acre
sludge lagoon. Sludge thickener supernatant can be pumped (air lift)
into the aerobic digester or into the WTP head works. Aeration basin
utilization was 60 percent, and only five of eight clarifiers were in
operation during the study.
Personnel—
The WTP was staffed by 42 persons. According to an O&M report by
the Tennessee Department of Public Health, these employees represent 65
percent of the total work force recommended for its operation(l). If all
the automated equipment were operating properly, manpower requirements
could be reduced from recommended levels. The current staff breakdown rep-
resents the following recommended staffing:
POSITION NO. EMPLOYED RECOMMENDED STAFFING
Operators 5 10
Laboratory 4 5
technicians
Clerks 1 3
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POSITION NO. EMPLOYED RECOMMENDED STAFFING
Maintenance 27 38
personnel
Management 1 4
Supervisor
Laborers 4
Others - 5
TOTAL 42 65
Study Results and Observations
A complete listing of all analytical data and general study methods
are presented in the Appendices.
Numerous mechanical and electrical problems have interfered with
plant operations since its start-up. According to City officials, the
City has had difficulty in working with the contractor and suppliers on
matters regarding equipment and construction deficiencies. Examples of
major WTP components which have caused problems in the past and are cur-
rently causing problems are discussed below:
(1) The central control system was not fully operational. In ad-
dition, there was a shortage of operators. The combination of
these two factors made it difficult to balance and properly con-
trol WTP processes.
(2) All three of the variable speed raw sewage pumps have presented
problems. The malfunction of. any two of these units prevents
proper regulation of influent wastewater flow.
(3) Several of the blowers have been temporarily out of service
19
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due to Improper alignment, excessive vibration, and deteriora-
tion of electrical insulation.
(4) The cooling system on the return sludge pumps prevented low
speed operation of these variable speed pumps.
(5) Electrical wiring problems existed within the WTP. In one in-
stance, a shorted light fixture caused complete WTP shutdown,
since controls for equipment such as pumps, blower, computer,
etc. were all wired to the same electrical bus.
Other results and observations are discussed in the following sub-
sections.
Flow—
Influent flow was measured by magnetic flowmeters installed in the
influent lines. These average flows are illustrated in Figure 3. Efflu-
ent wastewater flowed through a 10 foot Parshall flume located just prior
to the chlorine contact chamber. This flume, however, was not used to
measure effluent flow since the effluent was deliberately backed up in the
flume to prevent cavitation of pumps Immediately following the flume.
These pumps are used to recycle effluent for cooling and other inplant
uses where potable water is not required. The raw wastewater flow ave-
raged 39 mgd; the minimum flow was 8.0 mgd, and the maximum flow was
87.6 mgd.
The daily rainfall in the Memphis area is detailed in Table II.
Data presented in Figure 3 seemingly indicates a fairly uniform daily
hydraulic load on the WTP. The heavy rainfall on October 23 through 25,
however, increased the weekend flow. The increased flow, due to rainfall,
was also apparent during the weekdays of October 19 through 20.
20
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TABLE II
DAILY RAINFALL DATA *
MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE
October 1976 Rainfall (Inches)
19
0.49
20
0.08
21
0.00
22
0.00
23
0.79
24
1.20
25
1.53
*Data from the U.S. Weather Service, Memphis, Tennessee.
21
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FIGURE 3
PLANT FLOW
T. E. MAXSON WTP
MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE
INSTANTANEOUS
FLOWS
INFLUENT WASTEWATER FLOW
RETURN SLUDGE FLOW
6 9M369N36 9 M 3 69N36 9M369N369M369N36 9M36 9N36 9M369N3 69M369N
10/19 10/20 10/21 I0/&2 10/23 10/24 10/25
TIME AND DATE
-------
Return sludge flow rates were also measured with magnetic flowmeters.
An average of 15.2 mgd of sludge was returned daily, which was approximately
30 percent of the raw wastewater flow. A total of 0.88 million gallons of
sludge was wasted to the aerobic digesters from October 18 through 19. No
additional sludge was intentionally wasted during the study.
All WTP flow measurements are recorded by computer. These measure-
ments are averaged and can be readily retrieved on a screen or in tabula-
ted computer printout form at the WTP.
Wastewater Characteristics and Removal Efficiencies—
Removal efficiencies were calculated using averaged data from seven
consecutive 24-hour flow proportional composite samples. Turbidity, oil
and grease, and phenols were collected on a grab sample basis. Influent
oil and grease and phenol results of 606 mg/1 and <10 mg/1, respectively,
were not included in the calculations since they represented a batch dis-
charge and were based on a single grab sample. Table III presents a
chemical description of the influent and effluent wastewater with calcu-
lated removal efficiencies.
The average composite influent BOD^ (533 mg/1) and total suspended
solids (384 mg/1) concentrations represented a strong waste, indicating
the large quantity of industrial wastewaters discharged into the system.
The organic wastewater loading (173,400 lbs BODg/day), based on the ave-
rage composite BOD^ and the average flow of 39 mgd, was greater than the
design loading of 166,000 lbs B0D5/day. The suspended solids loading of
124,900 lbs/day was less than the design loading of 195,000 lbs/day. The
average 24-hour BOD^ loading for October 21 through 22 was 232,400 lbs/day
23
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TABLE III
WEEKLY" AVERAGE WASTEWATER CHARACTERISTICS AND REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES
T. E. MAXSON WTP, OCTOBER 18-25, 1976
PARAMETER
INFLUENT
(mg/1)
EFFLUENT
(mg/1)
REDUCTION
(%)
bod5
533
165
69
COD
984
449
54
Total Solids
884
612
31
Total Volatile Solids
428
238
44
Total Suspended Solids
384
210
45
Volatile Suspended Solids
254
143
44
TKN-N
31.9
25.2
21
nh3-n
11.8
14.2
—
no3-no2-n
<0.02
<0.01
—
Total Phosphorus
15.5
12.8
17
Lead
0.147
<0.104
>29
Chromium
<0.065
<0.053
—
Copper
0.110
0.074
33
Cadmium
<0.010
<0.010
'—
Zinc
0.258
0.163
37
Oil and Grease
29(606)
<10
>65
Turbidity*
—
36
«
Phenols
513(<10)
<10
>98
* Result reported in NTU
() Result not used in the removal efficiency calculation
24
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or 140 percent of the design loading. The Influent organic load Is
presently exceeding the organic design load at half of the design flow.
Two additional interceptors, Presidents, Island and Horn Lakes, are
planned. When connected, they will grossly overload the WTP.
The NPDES permit Issued in June, 1975 limits the average weekly
BOD^ and TSS concentration in the effluent to 45 mg/1 each(2). During
the study, the average weekly BOD5 and TSS effluent concentration was
165 and 210 mg/1, respectively. The average weekly reduction of BOD5,
COD, and total suspended solids was 69, 54, and 45 percent, respectively.
Table III shows that treatment of the waste was not compatible with sec-
ondary treatment standards as required by the NPDES permit.
The ratio of BOD^ to nitrogen and phosphorus was calculated at
100/6/3 by weight. As compared to the recommended ratio of 100/6/1, the
raw waste was not considered to be limited in either nitrogen or phosphorus(3).
Analyses for organic compounds were conducted on influent and effluent
grab samples which were composited over a seven day period from October 19
through October 25. Eighteen compounds were detected and the results are
presented in Table IV. Four compounds (ramrod, chlorodane, prometon, and
atrazine) are pesticides. Eight compounds (chloroform, trichloroethylene,
tetrachloroethylene, toluene, ethyl benzene, chlorodane, naphthalene, and
diethyl phthalate) are on EPA's Consent Decree, "65 Toxic Chemicals List"(4).
Chlorodane, chloroform, ramrod, and terpineol isomer were detected in the
influent at concentrations of 2.6, 0.18, 0.265, and 0.18 mg/1, respectively.
These concentrations were significantly higher than those for the other
compounds. Based on the average influent flow of 39 mgd, the loadings for
the four compounds were 846, 58.5, 86.2, and 58.5 lbs/day, respectively.
25
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TABLE IV
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS DETECTED IN T. E. MAXSON WTP
INFLUENT AND EFFLUENT WASTEWATERS
OCTOBER 18-25, 1976
PARAMETER INFLUENT EFFLUENT
(mg/1) (mg/1)
Chloroform ** 0.180 0.210
Dimethyldisolfide 0.012 0.038
Trichloroethylene ** 0.039 ND *
Tetrachloroethylene ** 0.013 ND
Toluene ** 0.060 ND
Ethyl Benzene ** 0.015 ND
Two Isomers of Xylene 0.026 ND
Ramrod 0.265 0.151
Chlorodane ** 2.6 3.0
Prometon 0.0029 ND
Atrazlne 0.00097 ND
Indole 0.077 0.002
Naphthalene ** 0.022 ND
Terpineol Isomer 0.18 ND
Dimethyl Naphthalene Isomers 0.030 ND
Methyl Indole 0.0042 ND
Diethyl Phthalate ** 0.060 ND
* ND = None Detected
** On EPA's Consent Decree, "65 Toxic Chemicals List" (4)
26
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These are only approximate values since they are based on grab samples
and average study flows. Significant quantities of chlorodane, chloro-
form, and ramrod (976, 68.3, and 49.1 lbs/day, respectively) were dis-
charged from the WTP.
On October 21, a distinct influent condition was observed from 8 a.m.
to 12 noon. Characteristic of an emulsion, its appearance was milky white
and it smelled of oil. An influent grab sample was taken and a series of
analyses were conducted. Results are presented in Appendix A as sample
O&M #1318. The BOD^ (>1,200 mg/1), COD (2,440 mg/1), and total suspended
solids (803 mg/1) concentrations were high, producing an organic overload
at the WTP. The oil and grease concentration in this particular sample
was 606 mg/1. Information covered in the Industrial Discharge section in-
dicates that Hunt Wesson Foods, Inc. was the most probable contributor to
this condition.
During the study, influent pH was monitored continuously. Results
are indicated in Figure 4. pH values ranged from 5.0 to 11.2 and were
frequently below 6.0. Wastewaters having pH values below 6.0, or greater
than 9.0 for extended periods of time are not conducive to optimum treat-
ment in a biological process. Rapid and substantial pH changes observed
on October 19, 20, and 23 indicate large volumes of strong alkaline waste
discharged into the waste collection system.
Hourly influent samples were collected for COD analysis during three
separate 24-hour periods (October 18 through 19, 20 through 21, and 22
through 23). The results are presented in Figure 5 and in Appendix A.
These concentrations ranged from 310 mg/1 (82,690 lbs/day) to 2,480 mg/1
(657,700 lbs/day). Based on the average COD/BOD^ ratio for the study
27
-------
12 -
8 ~
4 II
12 -
8 —
4 ZZ
12 -
8 —
4 —
12 -
8 ~~I
4 —
12 .
8 —
4 —
12 -
8 —
4 z:
12 -
8 —
4 ~"
i;
FIGURE 4
CONTINUOUS INFLUENT pH RECORDING
T. E. MAXSONWTP
MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE
10 / 18/76
10/ 19/ 76
10/20/76
10/21/76
10/22/76
10/23/76
10/24/76
8
A.M.
n 1 r
12
TIME (HRS)
8
P. M.
1
12
-------
FIGURE 5
INFLUENT COD
TE. MAXSON WTP
MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE
coo
(M6/L)
2600
2400
2200
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
tooo
800
6 00
400
200
10/18-19/76
10/20-21/76
10/22-22^76
V P
\
\
J L
J L
J L
J I I L.
J L
' ' ¦ I
SAM
I2N
4 PM
8PM
(2 M
4AM
8 AM
TIME-H0UR8
-------
period of 1.85, the 657,700 lbs COD/day converts to 356,300 lbs B0D5/day.
This is greater than twice the WTP design organic loading rate of 166,000
lbs BODjj/day. This high loading occurred on the same morning that the
distinct batch discharge was observed.
Aeration Basins—
The aeration process involved the use of contact basins, reaeration
basins, and aerobic digesters. Contact and reaeration basins will be
discussed here, and aerobic digesters will be discussed in the subsection
dealing with sludge handling.
On October 18, fifty percent of the available aeration basin capacity
was being utilized. Basins IN, 2N, IS, and 2S were employed as contact
basins; basins 5N, 6N, 9N, 10N, 5S, and 6S were employed as reaeration ba-
sins (Figure 6). On the afternoon of October 19, basins 3S and 4S were
included for reaeration use. This increased utilization to sixty percent
of basin capacity.
Grab samples were collected daily from each contact and reaeration
basin effluent area. These samples were analyzed for total suspended
solids (TSS), volatile suspended solids (VSS), percent solids by centri-
fuge, and settleability (contact basins only) as determined by the set-
tlometer. Presented in Table V are various calculated activated sludge
operational parameters and recommended design values from the literature.
Dissolved oxygen (DO) was measured throughout the aeration basins
and the results are presented in Appendix B. These data show critically
low oxygen concentrations in the contact basins and some areas of the
reaeration basins. Low DO conditions were detrimental to the microorganisms
in the activated sludge and encouraged the growth of filaments. The re-
30
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SLUDGE
THICKENER
OVERFLOW
-------
TABLE V
ACTIVATED SLUDGE OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS
T. E. MAXSON WTP
Measured Recommended (5,6,7) Design
(contact) 2,060 1,000 - 3,000
MLSS (mg/1) (reaeration) 6,060 4,000 - 10,000
(contact) 1,500
MLVSS (mg/1) (reaeration) 4,560
Hydraulic detention (contact) 1.15 0,5 - 1.5 0.86
time (hrs) (reaeration) 2,3* 3-6 4.0
Mean Cell Residence Time (days) 7.7 5-15
Sludge age (days) 2.3 3.5 - 7.0
Lbs BOD/day/lb MLVSS (F/M) 0.80 0.2 - 0.6
Lbs COD/day/lb MLVSS 1.48 0.5 - 1.0
Lbs BOD5/day/l,000 cu. ft. of
aeration basin 168 * 60-75
Return sludge rate (% of average
plant flow) 39 25 - 100 75
*Using the number of basins in service at the start of the study (Figure 5)
32
-------
suit was poor sludge settleabillty, foul odors, and excessive oxygen
uptake at the head of the aeration basins. The regulation of air flow
rates to maintain 1.0 to 2.0 mg/1 of DO in the basins would alleviate
these problems. These DO levels can be reached by a close regulation of
the air and waste flow rates into each basin.
During the study, either two or three air compressors (maximum out-
put 42,000 cfm each) were operated. When balanced against the average
influent BOD^ loading of 173,400 lbs/day, the air supply was inadequate.
Assuming a removal percentage of 85 percent and 1,000 cfm/lb BOD^, the
required air supply should be 102,300 cfm for oxidation.of the incoming
BODj. This supply does not include air required for the digesters and
aerated grit chamber. These figures indicate a minimum of three compres-
sors are required for average flow conditions. A fourth compressor would
be required under peak loading conditions. Occasionally, as observed on
the morning of October 21, air could not be supplied in sufficient volume
to maintain recommended DO concentrations.
The loading parameters calculated in Table V indicate that the sys-
tem was organically overloaded, particularly since only a portion of the
WTP was in service. The number of basins in service was selected to
match the hydraulic loading rather than the organic loading. Mean cell
residence time (MCRT) and sludge age were at the low end of the recommended
range. Due to the large volume of solids lost in the effluent plus the
small number of aeration basins in service, there was not enough activated
sludge to handle the incoming waste load. Subsequently, the organic load-
ing (BOD5/day/l,000 cu. ft.) exceeded approximately twice its recommended
levels.
33
-------
Although these observations suggest that the problem could be
partially solved by placing the other aeration basins into service and
operating the third and fourth air compressors, this approach poses
some problems. The flow rates were restricted between the reaeration
and contact basins, which according to WTP personnel allows a 20 mgd
maximum reaerated sludge return. The system was designed to return
60 mgd (75 percent) of design flow. The facility is not capable of at-
taining designed removal efficiencies with a 25 percent (20 mgd/80 mgd)
reaerated sludge flow rate. An analysis of the return sludge piping
system, where the problem apparently exists, was beyond the scope of
this study. There are a number of possibilities that could cause un-
anticipated head losses through the system. Some of these possibilities
include:
(1) Undersized piping due to design or construction error;
(2) Excessive solids deposition in the rectangular channel,
which could reduce the effective cross-sectional area;
(3) Air entrainment, which could also reduce the effective
cross-sectional area;
(4) Increased head losses, due to debris trapped on the
motorized butterfly valves;
(5) Unanticipated influent and effluent head -losses into and
out of the rectangular channel;
(6) Physical obstructions left during construction; and
(7) Excessively high solids which could contribute to higher
head loss.
34
-------
Many of these possibilities have been investigated unsuccessfully.
Currently, a trial test is being made by WTP personnel which involves
the removal of the butterfly valves. Initial indications show that the
valves may be significantly reducing the flow. Similar problems have
been observed in other plants (particularly in those without primary
clarifiers) where butterfly valves have created problems by trapping
debris.
The activity of sludge is a valuable indicator of effluent quality.
Two methods of determining sludge activity are oxygen uptake rates and
microscopic examinations. The oxygen uptake rate or load ratio is the
measure of oxygen depletion before and after the introduction of raw
waste.
DO/min fed Sludge
Load ratio - Unfed sludge
The oxygen uptake procedure is presented in Appendix C. Calcula-
ted load ratios are listed in Table VI.
These ratios Indicate a very active sludge and an acceptable raw
waste which does not inhibit the biological treatment process. Load
ratios of four or more are generally associated with high rate waste-
water treatment plants. The table does not note the rapid depletion
of oxygen from the fed samples. On both days of testing, 6.2 to 7.9 mg/1
of oxygen was depleted within two minutes. This rapid oxygen uptake
shows possible DO stress in the contact basins.
Before and during the study, a microscopic examination of the ac-
tivated sludge mixed liquor solids showed a vast growth of filamentous
35
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TABLE VI
OXYGEN UPTAKE RATES
T. E. MAXSON WTP
OCTOBER 19-20, 1976
AVERAGE 02 - UPTAKE
RS
URS *
FRS **
Date
Time
I
mg/l/min
mg/l/min
FRS/URS
10/19/76
1:45
40
0.70
3.00
4.28
10/20/76
10:30
40
0.73
3.02
4.14.
* URS - Unfed return sludge using clarifier effluent
** FRS - Fed return sludge using raw influent
.36
-------
organisms. Photographs made by the WTP microbiologist showed that the
filaments included sphaerotilus and actinomycete organisms. Filamentous
growths settle slowly, resulting in large carryover from the final clari-
fier.
Protozoan indicators were present. Stalk dilates, along with
rotifer, were also in abundance. This abundance of organisms, coupled
with the normal unfed DO uptake rates, definitely indicate a stable
sludge which is capable of producing good quality effluent. Quality
can be improved by removing.conditions causing excessive filamentous
growth. Increased DO concentrations throughout the total system would
aid in eliminating such conditions.
Clarifiers—
The eight clarifiers have a center feed rim take-off flow configu-
ration, with the sludge lifted by pick-up tubes to the center well. The
effluent launder was placed seven feet from the wall of the clarifier.
A subcontractor was stripping and repainting all of the metal work in
each clarifier. This required drainage of the clarifiers, but presented
no operational problems, since the WTP was only receiving approximately
50 percent of the hydraulic design loading. A new grout bottom had just
been completed in one clarifier. This was necessary to level the rough
bottom and facilitate smooth operation of the sludge removal equipment.
The depth of sludge blanket (DOB) below the water surface varied
from zero to full depth of the clarifier. The measurements revealed a
significant imbalance of flow into the five clarifiers In operation, as
well as a sludge withdrawal from these clarifiers. This imbalance
37
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caused a buildup of sludge and produced a number of operational prob-
lems. The imbalance also indicated problems with the accuracy of the
magnetic flowmeters used to regulate flow into the respective clari-
fiers. Even though the central control panel indicated balanced flows,
significant differences in flow rates over the clarifier weirs were ob-
served. The sludge became rapidly septic, killing many of the micro-
organisms. This resulted in a large volume of solids being lost over
the weir.
The following visual observations were made on October 20s
(1) Clarifier 2S - The outside weir of the effluent launder was
lower than the inside weir; the weir was
about one inch out of level, and heavy solids
losses occurred at 2 p.m.
(2) Clarifier 3S - No solids were being lost and the weir level
was acceptable.
(3) Clarifier 4S - The effluent launder dipped to the outside;
more flow was noticed over the outside weir, and
it was about 3/4 inch out of level.
(4) Clarifier 2N - The weirs were about 3/4 inch out of level in
two places; less flow than in the south clari-
fier s was noticed, even though the magnetic
flowmeters indicated the same flow rates.
(5) Clarifier 3N - The weirs were about two inches out of level;
this clarifier was performing very poorly with
heavy solids losses at 2:35 p.m., and less flow
than in the south clarifiers was also noticed.
38
-------
The clarifier overflow rates were drastically different. Appear-
ance of these differences occurred at a time when the magnetic flow-
meters Indicated that the overflow and underflow rates from the five
clarlflers were essentially balanced. These observations, along with
DOB measurements, indicate that proper equipment adjustment and addi-
tional operational controls are needed. Elimination of these two prob-
lems would significantly improve clarifier operations and effluent
quality.
The measured, recommended, and designed operating parameters for
secondary clarifiers following the contact stabilization activated
sludge process are presented in Table Vll.
The settleability of activated sludge as determined by the settlo-
meter test is presented in Figure 7. These curves demonstrated accep-
table clarifier conditions. On October 19, 21, and 23, however, the
curves indicated a deteriorating condition. The poor settling curve for
October 19 was caused by septic conditions created by a power outage
the night before. Poor settling was primarily caused by excessive fila-
mentous growths in the sludge. These growths were probably encouraged by
low DO'.and pH conditions.
Chlorine Contact Chambers—
The disinfection facility consisted of two parallel circular clari-
fiers employed as contact chambers. Chlorine gas was automatically fed
into the wastewater stream immediately upstream from the Parshall flume
and is supplied from railroad tank cars.
39
-------
FIGURE 7
DAILY AVERAGE OF SETTLOMETER
T E MAXSON WTP
MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE
RESULTS
20 30 40
TIME (MIN)
-------
TABLE VII
SECONDARY CLARIFIER OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS
T. E. MAXSON WTP
Hydraulic loading (gpd/sq. ft.)
Solids loading (lbs/day/sq.ft.)
Hydraulic detention (hrs)
Weir overflow rate (gpd/lin. ft.)
Measured Recommended (7,8.9) Design
545 400 - 800 700
19.6 20 - 30
3.55 2 - 2.5 3.85
10,30# 15,000 13,500
41
-------
Wastewater treatment plant laboratory records indicate that during
the six month period prior to the study, average chlorine dosage rates
ranged from 1,800 to 2,700 lbs/day. However, the chlorine supply was de-
pleted on October 14, 1976 and the effluent was not disinfected during
the study.
Because of heavy solids losses from the final clarifier, the chlorine
contact chamber contained excessive solids. Solids were observed through-
out the chambers, and there was one foot of solids measured on the bottom.
Detention time in the chambers was calculated at 1.1 hours, as compared
to a design of 0.5 hours^
Sludge Handling—
Sludge digestion and holding facilities consisted of four aerobic
digesters, two gravity sludge thickeners and a 13-acre sludge holding
lagoon. These facilities are inadequate to properly handle the large
volume of sludge generated at this facility. Except for air supply,
the capacity of the four aerobic digesters is probably sufficient, if
the waste sludge is thickened to at least three to four percent solids.
Effective use of the gravity sludge thickeners is necessary to maximize
the digester efficiency. The suspended solids concentration in the di-
gesters during the study was 0.4 to 0.7 percent, which indicated poor
utilization of the thickeners.
Sufficient air capacity was not available to operate both the
activated sludge system and the digesters. Under current loading con-
ditions, all five blowers would be required to be in service.
42
-------
The sludge lagoon has a volume of approximately 70 million gallons
and a surface area of 13 acres. The discharge of undigested sludge to
such a facility produces foul odors, which creates severeinuisance prob-
lems. The capacity of the lagoon is not sufficient to provide sludge
storage for an extended period of time.
Laboratory—
The laboratory was clean, well equipped, and adequate In size.
It was staffed by a chemist, an assistant chemist, and two chemical
analysts who conduct all analyses for the WTP, plus routine sampling
and analyses for four other treatment facilities. These chemical
analyses Include BOD^, settleable solids, TSS, VSS, DO, pH, temperature,
and fecal collform for all five facilities, plus oil and grease, chrom-
ium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc, cyanide, phenols, and NHg-N
for the T.E. Maxson WTP. At present, the laboratory appears to be under-
staffed for the required workload.
The WTP control testing program Included aeration basin TSS, VSS,
and DO (at one depth). The following tests are not currently performed
and should be Included In the testing program: (1) settlometer; (2) clari-
fler sludge blanket depth; (3) aeration basin DO at various depths, and
(4) percent solids by centrifuge. The centrifuge Is not absolutely es-
sential, but permits a rapid comparison of TSS concentrations between
the various basins. Trend charts should be established and maintained.
Useful parameters for plotting Include MLSS, sludge settleabllity, sig-
nificant influent and effluent waste characteristics, flow (WTP, return
sludge, waste sludge), depth of clarlfler sludge blanket, MCRT, and F/M
43
-------
ratios. Experience will dictate which of these parameters are necessary
for successful WTP operations. These suggested parameters serve only
as a guide, and are intended to establish trends so that gradual changes
in WTP conditions can be detected prior to deterioration in effluent
quality. It is advisable that WTP changes be made one at a time, and
maintained for approximately two weeks to allow the WTP to reach equili-
brium.
44
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TOXICITY STUDY
Introduction
During October 15 through 22, 1976, toxicity studies were conducted
on influent and effluent wastewaters of the T.E. Maxson WTP. These
studies were carried out in conjunction ,and simultaneously with the opera-
tion and maintenance investigations discussed in the previous section.
Bioassay techniques approved by EPA were utilized. The results are pre-
sented in this section of the report.
T.E. Maxson WTP Operations
(See T.E. Maxson Wastewater Treatment Plant section of this report).
Bioassay Methods and Test Organisms
"Methods for Acute Toxicity Test for Fish, Macroinvertebrates, and
Amphibians" was used as a guide in conducting the toxicity study (12).
Results are reported as an LC50 value. This value is defined as the
lethal concentration of waste at which 50 percent of the test organisms
die.
Water fleas (Daphnla magna) were approximately 96 hours old when
used in 48-hour acute static bioassays. Bluegill sunfish (Lepomls
macrochirus), referred to as sunfish, approximately 7 months old, 47 ram
in length and 1.6 grams in weight, were used in flow-through and static
bioassays. The cycling time of the flow-through diluter system was 10
minutes. This time provided a complete volume change in the test aquaria
every two hours and twenty minutes.
In addition to the on-site flow-through bioassay, an algal bioassay
study was conducted at the Athens laboratory. Selenastrum capricornutum
45
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were used in this test. Guidelines developed by EPA, "Algal Assay
Procedure: Bottle Test," were followed during this procedure (13).
Sampling
Except from the period 8:00 p.m. until 8:00 a.m., approximately
25-50 gallons of influent and effluent wastewater were collected at
four-hour intervals. The influent sample was pumped from the grit
chamber through a #30 sieve to remove large solids which could clog
the flow-through diluter. Effluent wastewater was collected from the
final clarifier before chlorination. The waste samples were contained
in 55 gallon drums, located adjacent to the mobile bioassay trailer,
and were pumped continually through the diluter systems.
Dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, and other parameters were
recorded. Grab samples for chemical analyses were taken periodically
from the influent, effluent, and dilution water during the flow-through
bioassays, and at the start of static bioassays. These samples were in
addition to those collected during the operation and maintenance phase
of the study.
Influent and effluent wastewater samples were collected on October 22,
1976, refrigerated, and returned to the Athens laboratory for algal assays.
The dilution water used was collected from wells located at Davis Station
Water Plant on Shelby Drive in Memphis.
Results
The LC50 value in this study is reported as percent by volume of
the WTP's influent and effluent wastewater, which was diluted by well
water. A total of six toxicity studies yielded the following results:
46
-------
LC50
INFLUENT Test 1 - Sunfish, flow-through (24 hr.)
<5.6%
Test 2 - Sunfish, flow-through (72 hr.)
>20%
Test 3 - Waterflea, static (48 hr.)
12%
Test 4 - Sunfish, static
(24 hr.)
37.5%
EFFLUENT Test 5 - Fish, flow-through (96 hr.)
82.5%
Test 6 - Waterflea, static (48 hr.)
38.7%
Test 1 (Sunfish Test) was begun on October 18, 1976. During the
afternoon, a slug of toxic wastewater caused mortality to occur through
the lowest (5.6 percent) wastewater volume (Table VIII).
Test 2 (Sunfish Test) was begun on October 19, 1976 with the diluter
system being recalibrated for a lower Wastewater percent volume (1.1 to
20.0 percent) to compensate for expected slug discharges. During the
72-hour exposure period, however, significant mortality did not occur in
the highest percent volume (Table IX). The sampling technique allowed
the fish short exposure to grab samples of influent wastewater. The
fish were in stress quite often, but would revive when exposed to a newly
collected wastewater sample. This indicates the addition of a less toxic
waste sample. Mortality would probably have occurred if the fish remained
exposed to the more toxic waste for a longer period of time. At the end
of 72 hours exposure, the fish in 20.0, 11.2, and 6.4 percent of the
diluted wastewater were covered with a visible bacterial growth.
Results of Tests 3-6 are listed in Tables X-XIII from which the LC50
values were derived.
47
-------
The effluent and influent samples collected for algal bloassay
were not toxic to algae. In fact, the wastewater stimulated increased
algal growth. There was no significant difference in the increased
growth between the influent or effluent.
Chemical analyses of influent and effluent wastewater samples
revealed a very complex mixture of chemicals (Table XIV and XV). A
single chemicalacting alone or in combination, could, have been causing
the toxic conditions. Influent chemical concentrations were generally
reduced during passage through the wastewater treatment plant with.a
concomitant reduction in toxicity.
Organic compounds combine with chlorine to form various organic
complexes which may be, in some cases, more highly toxic than the origi-
nal organic compound. At the time of study, the WTP was not chlorinating
the effluent, therefore, an additional toxicity study should be conducted
under normal disinfection processes to assess the potential productioii
of toxic organochlorine compounds.
It should be noted some of th& chemicals on the "List of 65 Toxic
Compounds", contained in the EPA consent decree (4), present in the
WTP influent were still present in detectable concentrations in the
effluent (Table XIV).
48
-------
TABLE VIII
TEST 1 - INFLUENT
24-HOUR ACUTE FLOW-THROUGH TOXICITY STUDY (SUNFISH)
T.E. MAXSON WTP
OCTOBER 18-19* 1976
% NUMBER OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN PH TOTAL ALKALINITY TOTAL HARDNESS
WASTE LIVE ORGANISM MG/L (MG/L AS CAC03) (MG/L AS CAC03)
VOLUME 0-HR 24-HR 0-HR 24-HR 0-HR 24-HR O-HR 24-HR 0-HR 24-HR
6.5 7.0 102 102 90 88
6.7 98 88
0.0
10
10
11.3
9.9
0.0
10
10
11.3
10.1
5.6
10
0
11.4
5.6
10
0
11.2
8.8
10.0
10
10»
9.3
6.2
10.0
10
10«
9.6
18.0
10
10»
7.6
r-
.
CO
18.0
10
10»
7.9
32.0
10
0
5.7
32.0
10
0
6.2
56.0
10
u
9.8
56.0
10
0
9.3
100.0
10
0
6.4
100.0
10
0
4.3
6.8 137 74
« DUE TO A MALFUNCTION IN THE 10 AND 18 PERCENT DILUTIONS* WASTE WATER WAS PREVENTED FROM
ENTERING THESE TEST CHAMBERS AND ENABLED THE SUNFISH TO SURVIVE.
-------
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
TABLE IX
TEST 2 - INFLUENT
72-HOUR ACUTE FLOW-THROUGH TOXICITY STUDY (SUNFISH)
T.E. MAXSON WTP
OCTOBER 19-22, 1976
DISSOLVED OXYGEN PH TOTAL ALKALINITY
MG/L (MG/L AS CAC03)
72-HR 0-HR 24-HR 46-HR 72-HR 0-HR 24-HR 48-HR 72-HR O-HR 24-HR 48-HR 72-HR
10
10.6
9.3
9.8
10.6
10
10. 8
9.5
9.9
10.6
10
10.6
8.8
8.4
9.4
10
10.6
8.8
8.8
9.5
10
10.4
7.5
7.6
8.7
10
10.4
7.1
7.8
8.6
10
10.4
7.0
6.5
7.9
10
10.4
7.0
6.2
7.9
10
10. 4«
8.3
6.6
7.7
10
10.4»
8.3
7.2
tt.2
10
9.6«
7.5
5.4
7.7
10
9.6»
8.0
5.2
7.8
10
9.8°
7.9
4.6
8.4
9
9.4«
8.6
6.6
8.4
7.0 6.9 6.7 6.8 102 102 101 103
7.0 6.7 6.8 101 101 100
6.9 6.7 6.7 102 107
-------
TABLE X
TEST 3 - INFLUENT
48-HOUR ACUTE STATIC TOXICITY STUDY (WATER FLEAS)
T.E. MAXSON WTP
OCTOBER 20-22* 1976
8 NUMBER OF -DISSOLVED OXYGEN PH TOTAL ALKALINITY TOTAL HARDNESS
WASTE LIVE ORGANISM MG/L (HG/L AS CAC03) (HG/L AS CAC03)
VOLUME 0-HR 24-HR 40-HR 0-HR 48-HR 0-HR 0-HR 0-HR
6.9 102 86
7.0 101 84
0
20
20
20
9.3
10.1
0
20
20
20
1.1
20
20
20
8.8
10.0
1.1
20
20
20
2.0
20
20
20
7.5
9.7
2.0
20
20
20
3.6
20
20
20
7.0
9.3
3.6
20
20
20
6.4
20
20
20
8.3
8.0
6.4
20
20
20
11.2
20
13
12
7.5
7.6
11.2
20
11
10
20.0
20
0
0
7.9
20.0
20
1
1
8.8
6.5
6.9 102 84
-------
TABLE XI
TEST 4 - INFLUENT
24-HUUR ACUTE STATIC TOXICITY STUDY (SUNFISH)
T.E. MAXSON WTP
OCTOBER 21-22* 1976
% NUMBER OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN PH TOTAL ALKALINITY TOTAL HARDNESS
WASTE LIVE ORGANISMS MG/L » (MG/L AS CAC03) (MG/L AS CAC03)
VOLUME 0-HR 24-HR 0-HR 24-HR 0-HR 0-HR O-HR
6.7 101 90
0
10
10
8.9
5.6
10
10
7.8
10.0
10
10
7.5
18.0
10
10
5.8
32.0
10
7
5.9
56.0
10
0
5.8
100.0
8.2
6.6
6.3 133 92
• ALL CONCENTRATIONS AEREATED.
-------
TABLE All
TfcST 5 - EFFLUENT
90-HOUR ACUTE FLOH-THROUGH TOXICITY STUDY (SUNFISH)
T.E. MAXSON -TP
OCTOBER 16*12* 1976
% NUMdER OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN PH TOTAL ALKALINITY TOTAL HARDNESS
HASTE LIVE ORGANISMS MG/L (MG/L AS CAC03) (MG/L AS CAC03)
VOLUME 0-HR 24-H* 48-HR 72-HR 96-HR 0-HR 24-HR 48-HR 72-HR 96-HH 0-HR 24-HR 48-HR 72-HR 96-HR 0-HR 24-HR 48-HR 72-HR 96-HR 0-HR 24-HR 48-HR 72-HR 96-HR
6*7 6.8 102 102 102 101 103 90 88 86 88 88
6.3 6.2 98 99 97 98 90 86 86 88 90
0.0
10
10
10
10
10
10.8
9.9
9.2
9.8
10.6
6.5
7.0
6.9
0.0
10
10
10
10
10
10.8
10.1
9.3
9.9
10.6
—
5.6
10
10
10
10
10
10.8
9.7
8.6
'9.8
10.2
6.2
6.6
6.4
b • 6
10
10
10
10
10
10.7
9.8
8.9
9.5
10.2
—
1 U • U
10
To
10
10
10
10.3
9.2
8.3
9.3
9.8
6.5
—
1U.0
10
10
10
10
10
10.2
9.0
8.3
9. 1
10.0
—
16.U
10
10
10
10
10
9.*
7.6
6.8'
8.3
9.2
6.7
—
ln.O
10
10
10
10
10
9.5
7.5
7.0
8.2
9.6
—
32.0
10
10
10
10
10
8.6
5.7
9.3-
r»
CD
8.3-
6.7
—
7.1
32.0
10
10
10
10
10
8.5
5.2
9.1
8.5
8.6
—
—
56.0
10
10
10
LO
10
8.8
6.9*
8.8
8.3
9.6
7.0
—
7.3
56.0
10
10
10
10
id
8.8
6.0»
9.2
B.S
9.6
—
100.0
10
10
10
5
4
5.6
5.1®
8.9
7.3
8.2
7.1
7.6
7.3
100.0
10
10
10
1
1
6.9
2.5»
9.3
7.9
8.6
7
105
6.8 — 114 114 112 86 — 84 84
126 132 84
7.2 7.5 156 16b 185 ltoO 175 04 84 84 74
« AtREATION ADDED
-------
TABLE XIII
TEST 6 - EFFLUENT
48-HOUR ACUTE STATIC TOXICITY STUOY
T.E. MAXSON WTP
OCTOBER 19-21» 1976
% NUMBER OF DISSOLVED OXYGEN
WASTE LIVE ORGANISMS MG/L
VOLUME 0-HR 24-HR 48-HR 0-HR 24-HR 48-HR
0.0
20
20
20
9.9
---
5.6
20
20
20
9.7
10.0
20
20
20
9.2
16.0
20
20
20
7.6
32.0
20
19
15
5.7
56.0
20
7
0
6.9
6.6
100.0
20
0
0
5.1
3.8
_ _ _
(WATER FLEAS)
PH TOTAL ALKALINITY TOTAL HARDNESS
(MG/L AS CAC03) (MG-L AS CAC03)
0-HR 0-HR 0-HR
7,0 102 88
99 86
84
-------
DATE
TIMfc
TAdLt XIV
ORGANIC COMPOUNDS DETECTED
toxicity studies
T .E . MAXSON WTP
OCTOHEW 15-22. 1976
fEST III
influent
10/20
111b
TEST II
EFFLUENT
10/20
1035
OlLUT ION
*ATtR
10/20
1040
TEST IV
INFLUENT
10/21
1045
influent*
(UNFILTERED)
10/22
0620
INFLUENT
(FILT
EREO)
0-22
0620
EFFLUENT•
(UNFILTEHED)
10/22
0930
EFFLUENT
(FILTERED)
10/22
0930
OwbANlC
TOC
pahkou y
ChluhdanE
PROrffc TON JJ
ATWAZINE 8/
HUTYL bENZYL 9/17 /**
PHThALATE '
NAPHTHALENE
1/**
ISOMERS OF 1/
ThRPlNEOL -
ISOMtRS OF , ,
OIMtlHYL NAPHTHALENt ±J
ISOMtRS OF
MtTnYL NAPHTHALENE
1/
INDOLE 1/
DIETHYL PHTHALATE 2/**
METHYLENE CHLORIDE. 3/**
dimethyl sulfide lfW
ISO^tRS OF
DICHLOROETHYLENE
ISOMtRS OF
ThIChLOROLTHANE
3/**
3/**
DiMtThYLDISULFIDE
tkichloroethylene y**
TtTWACHLOROt THYlENE £/**
TULUtNE 3/**
ETHYL BENZENE 3/**
2 ISOMERS OF
XYLtNE
PHENOL ~ ISOMER,
UF CrfF.SOL
1/
PHENYL ETHANOL 1/1V
ISOMtRS OF CRESOL V
ISOMERS OF ETHYL ,,
PHFNUL y
1 BO
.80
.073
.010*
.0013
NO
.0042
.055
.0044
.049
.031
NO
.032
.064
038
260
340
024
870
052
.122
, 044
,110
57
1 .60
0.0023
0.011
NO
NO
0.003
0.064
0.0014
NO
0.0096
NO
NO
ND
NO
NU
NU
0.019
0.0 036
0.0091
NO
0.0OS*
0.025
0.007
0.029
0.015
6
0.0007
0.0001
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
NU
ND
ND
ND
NO
250
0.120
0.0026
0.0026
NU
NO
0.006
0.035
NO
NO
NO
0.097
0.015
NO
0.070
0.210
0.015
0.900
0.026
0.075
0.028
0.010
0.015
0.013
210
0.014
0.0031
ND
NO
NO
0.016
0 .0044
0.0047
0.19
0.11
ND
O.OJ1
ND
ND
0.0067
0.033
0.011
0.940
0.0075
0.022
0.260
0.100
0.190
0.022
0.014
0.0024
ND
ND
ND
0.035
0.067
0.016
0.002
0.16
ND
0.064
0.040
0.013
0.005
37
0.050
0.0006
ND
ND
0.10
ND
ND
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.0056
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.076
0.0032
ND
ND
0 . 097
ND
ND
NO
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
U ESTIMATED CONCENTRATIONS*" FLAME ION 1ZAUON DETECTOR
3/ ESTIMftTEO CONCENTRATIONS. MASS SPECTROMETER
4/ TRUE VALUE• MASS SPECTROMETER
5/ QUALIFIED VALUE~ HALL ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTIVITY DETECTOR
6/ TRUE VALUE * ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTOR
]_f TRUE VALUt. HALL ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTIVITY DETECTOR
8/ LOW RECOVtKY. HALL ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTIVITY DETECTOR
9/ QUALIFIED VALUE. FLAME IONIZATION DETECTOR
1V TENTATIVE IDENTIFICATION
* ALGAL BIO«SSAY SAMPLE
** This COMPOUND IS LISTED ON THE CONSENT DECREE. "LIST OF 65 TOXIC COMPOUNDS".
ND NONE DETECTED
-------
TABLE XV
METAL CONCENTRATIONS DETECTED (UG/L)
TOXICITY STUDY
T.E. MAXSON
OCTOBER 15-22*
WTP
1976
SAMPLING
DATE TIME
TYPE OF
SAMPLE
CD
CR
CU
PB
ZN
FE
10/18
0755
INFLUENT
<10
<50
52
<50
93
168
10/18
1330
EFFLUENT
<10
<50
13
<50
41
278
10/20
1115
INFLUENT
<10
50
87
50
169
1705
10/20
1035
EFFLUENT
<10
<50
23
<50
50
831
10/20
1040
DILUTION
WATER
<10
<50
< 10
<50
24
578
10/21
1045
INFLUENT
<10
<50
74
<50
158
1230
10/22
0820
INFLUENT
<10
59
125
72
240
2310
10/22
0930
EFFLUENT
<10
<50
< 10
<50
17
417
-------
INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGES
Introduction
This section summarizes the industrial monitoring portion of the
study, presents data for each source sampled, and describes the procedures
which were used.
Wastewater samples were collected for two or more days between
October 18 and 23, 1976, from thirty-six industries in the Nonconnah
Creek Basin which were discharging into the WTP sewerage system. Addi-
tionally, ten industries that were discharging without treatment into the
Mississippi River via the Presidents Island interceptor were sampled dur-
ing October 25 through 28. This Interceptor will discharge into the WTP
upon its completion. Figure 1 shows the locations of all industrial sources
sampled.
Summary of Industrial Contributions
Industrial wastewater loadings discharged into the WTP from the
Nonconnah Creek Basin are summarized in Table XVI. These industries
contributed 48 percent of the BOD^ and COD, and 36 percent of the TSS
loads discharged into the WTP during the study. Those dischargers that
contributed one percent or more of the total Influent load of at least
one of the measured pollutants into the WTP are listed in Table XVII.
The few sources which were responsible, for the bulk of the Influent
industrial waste loads were: BOD^ (41%) - Schlitz Brewing Company, Ral-
ston Purina, Valley Products, Hunt Wesson Foods; COD (43%) - Schlitz Brewing
57
-------
Company, Ralston Purina, Valley Products; TSS (34%) - Schlitz Brewing
Company, Ralston Purina, Valley Products, Hunt Wesson Foods, Frlto-Lay,
Kellogg. Table XVIII shows those sources that discharged toxic organic
compounds Included In EPA's Consent Decree, "65 Toxic Chemicals List" (A).
Table XIX summarizes the data collected during the Industrial moni-
toring investigation in the Presidents Island Basin. Upon completion of
its interceptor, significant increases in both biologically treatable and
non-treatable pollutant loads will be discharged into the WTP.
The BOD^, COD and TSS loadings discharged from the ten Presidents
Island industries sampled represent approximately 20 percent of the current
total influent load of these parameters which were discharged into the
WTP. The chromium discharged from these Industries exceeded the total
chromium discharged into the WTP for the samg period. Discharges of zinc
were approximately one-third of the current zinc Inflow.
General Study Procedures
Sampling Program—
Sampling programs were individually developed for each industrial
discharge based on wastewater characteristics, continuity of flow, and
the production or process schedule. Use of grab or composite wastewater
samples was based upon flow continuity or wastewater strength for each
discharger. Where wastewater flow was continuous, an ISCO model 1392
or 1580 automatic sampler was employed. The samplers were programmed to
pump, at specified Intervals, aliquots of wastewater into a refrigerated
2.5 or 3 gallon glass bottle. A minimum of two consecutive composites
were collected, unless otherwise specified.
58
-------
Grab sampling was conducted at Industries where automatic sampling
was neither feasible nor warranted. At least two grab samples were
collected and composited daily for a minimum, of two days, unless other-
wise specified. In addition, grab samples were collected from each
Industry for In situ determinations of pH and temperature.
Samples for oil and grease, organlcs, phenols, and cyanide analyses
were collected on a grab basis into special containers. These samples
were preserved where required.
Samples were delivered daily to the US-EPA mobile laboratory located
at the T. E. Haxson WTP. From acquisition until delivery, the samples
were refrigerated and chain of custody was maintained.
Wastewater Flow Determinations—
Wastewater flow measurements for each industrial source were made
using one or more of the following methods: (1) US-EPA and/or company-
installed level recorders and weirs; (2) daily readings of Memphis Light
Gas and Water (MLG&W) meters, or (3) flow estimates supplied by company
personnel.
The most frequently used mode of flow measurement was the MLG&W
water meters. The total wastewater discharge was determined from the
total water usage by subtracting consumptive losses (usually based on
company estimates) and/or separate cooling and sanitary wastewaters.
Discharge of sanitary wastewaters from industrial sources was based on
30 gallons per day per person (6).
Unless otherwise specified, a 5-day work week was assumed to be 21.5
work days per month; a 7-day work week was 30.4 work days per month.
59
-------
Industries Investigated
The 36 Nonconnah Creek Basin Industries were selected for sampling
during a reconnaissance survey conducted by Surveillance and Analysis
and Enforcement Division personnel during October 4 through 7, 1976. A
list of 162 Industries, supplied by the Deputy City Engineer, was reviewed
by Memphis-Shelby County Health Department and Tennessee Department of Pub-
lic Health Personnel. Their comments were noted and Industrial dischar-
gers not on the original list were added. The revised list was then
evaluated as to the significance of the sources, based on the BOD5, COD,
presence of toxic substances or high wastewater flow volumes discharged
Into the collection system. From the original list of 162 industries,
73 were selected for on-site Inspections. Thirty-six of the industries
were subsequently sampled between October 18 and 23, 1976. The rejected
sources discharged only cooling water, sanitary wastewater, or insignifi-
cant volumes of process wastewater. Industrial dischargers on or directly
adjacent to Presidents Island were reviewed the week of October 25. Appen-
dix E lists all Industries which were considered and sampled.
Discussions follow for each Industry sampled. Immediately following
each discussion is the wastewater discharge data for each Industry. (Note:
Zeros shown In the loadings section of the tables are caused by computer
rounding of loads calculated at less than one pound or kilogram.)
60
-------
TABLE XVI (CONTINUED)
INuUSTRIAL WASTEWATER LOADINGS (LB/DAY)
NUNCONNAH CHEEK BASIN
MEMPHIS* TENNESSEE
OCTOBER 1976
INDUSTRY
SAMPLE
LOCATION
NO
OPERATING
SCHEDULE
CHROMIUM
COPPER
CADMIUM
IRON
ZINC
LEAD
NICKEL
ALUMINUM
MERCURY
SILVER
ANTIMOr
KIMCO AUTO PRODUCTS
M-2A
b
DAYS/WK
lb.2
0.66
0.0b
2 . bb
4.84
0.11
< .01
REFINED METALS
M-J
5
DAYb/WK
<
0.01
0.09
.02
0.36
0.09
0.35
0.02
--
—
< .01
0 .
DIXIE LITHO PLATE
M-ll
5
DAYS/WK
4.69
0.89
<
0.01
--
29. 1
0.02
0.01
—
—
<0.01
—
ALCO GRAVURE
M-12
S
DAYS/WK
0.26
0.59
<
0.01
9.68
0.06
0.03
<0.02
—
--
—
—
CHAPMAN CHEMICAL
M-16
S
DAYS/WK
<
0.01
< 0.01
<
0.01
—
0.01
0.02
< .01
--
< .01
--
—
RAINBO PHOTO SERVILE
M-19
5.
SOAYS/WK
<
0.01
0.01
<
0.01
--
0.01
0.01
< .01
--
--
0.17
- -
RICHAROS MFG
M —20
S
DAYS/WK
0.06
0.13
<
0.01
—
0.0b
0.03
0.03
—
--
—
—
CLEO WRAP
M-26
5
DAYS/WK
2.10
0.02
<
0.01
--
0.50
0.05
< .01
--
—
—
—
D
-------
TABLE XVI
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER LOAOINGS (LB/DAY)
NONCONNAH CREEK BASIN
MEMPHIS. TENNESSEE
OCTOBER 1976
INOUSTfiY
SAMPLE
LOCATION
NO
OPERATING
SCHEDULE
BOO 5
COD
TSS
TKN
NH3
total p
504
CYAUIOt
DELTA REFINING
M-l
7
DAYS/WK
1020
X 650
139
„
KIMCO AUTO PRODUCTS
M-2A
S
OAYS/WK
—
<13
IB.7
--
--
2.86
—
HEF1NED METALS
M-3
5
DAYS/WK
—
2iS
—
--
740,0
—
1370
—
SHULTON INC
M-5
5
DAYS/WK
> 3.7*
55.5
20
—
—
--
—
--
UNITED PAINT
M-6
5
OAYS/WK
< 5
6
e
—
--
—
—
—
DIXIE LITHO PLATE
M-ll
5
OAYS/WK
—
304
—
—
--
—
--
--
ALCO GRAVURE
M-12
5
DAYS/WK
126
386
17.0
--
--
—
—
QUALITY INDUSTRIAL UNIFORM
H-14
5
DAYS/WK
151
824
173
--
0.755
--
--
VALLEY PRODUCTS
M—15
3
OAYS/WK
neoo
21300
2330
--
--
--
3310
--
CHAPMAN CHEHICM.
H-16
5
OA'YS/WK
—
8.5
3.5
--
--
--
--
—
ILLINOIS CENTRAL GULF RR
M-l 7
7
DAYS/WK
< 34.6
118
81
--
--
--
—
--
RAINBOW PHOTO SERV.
M-I9
5.
50AYS/WK
39. a
54
< 0.22
--
--
--
—
--
RICHARDS MFG
H-20.
5
DAYS/WK
< 42.1
35.5
24.5
—
—
--
«—
—
NATIONAL STARCH t, CHEM
M-21
5
OAYS/WK
133
747
212
—
—
—
—
—
utrex
M-22
5
DAYS/WK
22.6
BO.5
16.7
—
—
0,75
—-
—
CLEO WRAP CORP
M-26
S
OAYS/WK
—
4.3
7.4
--
—
—
—
D. 001
D S. W PLATING
M-2T
5
DAYS/WK
--
--
60.1
—
—
4. ie
—
6.6
delta foremost
M-28
5
DAYS/WK
24 2
504
11.6
1.04
—
15.6
—
—
J.H. SMUCKER
M-2 9
5
DAYS/WK
1580
3790
153
—
--
6.97
—
—
RALSTON PURINA
M-32
7
DAYS/WK
22100
47900
8700
—
—
—
—
—
JOS. schiltz BREWING
M-33
5.
SDAYS/WK
38800
61000
19600
651
—
297
—
—
FRITO LAY
M-38
5
OAYS/WK
1220
6840
4170
—
--
--
—
—
GENERAL CABLE
M-39
5
DAYS/WK
—
<19
—
--
--
--
--
GOULD INC
M-40
5
DAYS/WK
—
—
30
--
—
_«
liao
-•
HIGHS ICE CREAM
M-41
4
DAYS/WK
493
865
52
--
--
—
—
—
HUNTER FAN & VENT
M-42
5
DAYS/WK
—
<28
—
--
--
4.6
—
--
HUNT WESSON
M-43
7
DAYS/WK
13400
14900
3370
—
--
55
1500
--
KtLLOGG
M-44
7
OAYS/WK
7030
14000
2450
--
—
—
—
—
KROGER MEAT
M-45
6
DAYS/WK
7
12
2
—
—
—
—¦
—
MEMPHIS FURNITURE
M-46
5
DAYS/WK
< 2.8
4
4
--
--
--
—
—
MIDWEST FARMS
M-47
5
DAYS/WK
392
637
147
—
—
—
—
—
CROWN ZELLERBACK
M-51
5
DAYS/WK
22.6
35.0
17
-•
—
—
--
KLINKE BROS ICE CREAM
M-56
5
DAYS/WK
248
481
101
—
—
--
—
--
KtATHLEY
M-67
5
DAYS/WK
>220
749
184
--
—
—
—
J. STRICKLAND
M-7I
5
DAYS/WK
< 40
64
—
--
--
--
—
—
PRO-SERV"
M—73
5
DAYS/WK
—
966
362
--
--
--
—
—
TOTAL
» TOXIC TO B0D5 TEST
99100
178000
42500
652
740.0
385
7260
6.6
»* BATCH DISCHARGE
-------
TABLE XVI (CONTINUED)
industrial wastewater loadings ilb/day>
NONCONNAH CHEEK BASIN
MEMPHIS. TENNESSEE
OCTOBER 1976
SAMPLE L.O CATION NO.
COMPOUND M-l
M-5
M-12
Z
1
*
z
1
M-l 6
M-17 M-20 H-21 M-22
M-26
M-28
M-32
M-33
M-39 M-42 M-43 M-45 M-71
M-73
OIL AND GREASE 304
0.2*
51!> 356. 0
14.0 4.9 40.9 22*9
0.04
84.5
148
503
6.0 194 16400 1.2 2.8
PHENOL * 233
ND
ND
0.39
1 .66
3
ND
CHLOROFORM o
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.01
BENZENE •
ND
ND
0.040
ND
ND
DIISOPROPYL ETHER
ND
ND
0.013
NO
ND
PENTANE
< .01
NO
ND
ND
ND
TRICHLOROETHYLENE *
ND
ND
ND
13.6
0.08
TOLUENE *
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.02
ETHYL BENZENE *
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.05
ISOMER OF XYLENE
ND
ND
<0.01
ND
0.07
ACETONE
NU
0.98
23.4
31.3
ND
N-PROPYL ALCOHOL
ND
0.40
ND
ND
ND
METHYL ETHYL KETONE
ND
0.08
ND
ND
ND
ETHYL ACETONE
ND
0.04
ND
ND
ND
METHYL CYCLOPENTANt
ND
0.04
0.31
ND
NO
HEXANE
ND
0.08
0.81
2.40
ND
METHYLENE CHLORIDE *
ND
NO
2. 18
7.26
0.06
N-PROPYL BENZENE
ND
ND
ND
0.01
ISOMER OF TERPINEOL
<0.01
NO
ND
ND
NtN DIISOPROPYL
ANILINE
ND
ND
ND
3.79
BUTYL BENZYL
PHTHALATE •
ND
ND
1.38
ND
ISOMER OF PINENE
<0*01
ND
ND
ND
LIMONENE
0.01
ND
ND
ND
ISOMER OF TERPINENt
<0.01
ND
ND
NU
ISOMER OF
TRICHLOROETHANE ~
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ACETONITRlLt
ND
ND
ND
ND
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE
RAMROO
CHLORDANE •
PROMtTON
ATRAZINE
NO
ND
ND
NO
NO
1520
54.2
0.51
0.2a
• - ON CONSENT DECREE »65 TOXIC CHEMICALS LIST'
ND - NONE DETECTED
-------
TAbl-E. AVII
xindustrial dischargers contributing one percent oh more of indicated parameter
NONCONNAH CREEK BASIN
MEMPHIS* TENNESSEE
OCTObER 1976
14 CRITERIA •
INDUSTRY
Sampl£
LOCATION
NO
PARAMETERS EXCEEOING 1 % OF INFLUENT STP LOADING (LBS/DAY)
dOD COD TSS TKN NH3 TOTAL P CR CU Zu PB N1 CD 0*G
2090 3642 1191 118*4 44.3 55.7 0.24 0*38 0.9? 0*53 0.06 <.03 120
DELTA refining
KIMCO AUTO
RLFINEO METALS
DIXIE L1THO PLATE
ALCu - GRAYUKE
QUALITY INO *{ UN IF. M-14
VALLtY PRODUCTS
CLEO WWAP
Dfcrf PLATING
J. M. SMUCkLR
RALSTON PURINA
H-l
M-2
M-3
M-ll
M- 12
M-Lb 11600 213U0
M-26
H-27
M-29 3790
309
M-32 22100 47900
61000
JUS SCHLITZ dREwlNu M-33 36800
FKITU-LAY M-jtJ 6840 '4170
GOULD INC. M-40
MUNTtW FAN N VENT » M-42
HUNT WESSON M-4j 13400 14900
KELLOGG M-44 7030 14000
8700
9630
631
J370
-------
TABLE XVIII
INDUSTRIAL SOURCES DISCHARGING TOXIC CHEMICALS*
NONCONNAH CREEK BASIN
MEMPHIS* TENNESSEE
OCTOBER 1976
SAMPLE BUTYL
LOCATION TRICHLORO ETHVL METHYLENE BENZYL DIETHYL
INDUSTRY NO CHLOROFORM BENZENE ETHYLENE TOLUENE BENZENE CHLORIDE CHLOROANE PHTHALATE PHENOL PHTHALATE
DELTA REFINING
M-l
233
SHULTON
M-5
CHAPMAN CHEMICAL
M-l 6
.09
2.18
NATIONAL STARCH
M-21
13.6
7.26
1.38
0.39
DELTA FOREMOST
M-2B
1.66
HUNT WESSON
M-43
3
PHO-SERV
M—73
0.01
0.08
0.02
0.05
0.06
54.2
» E^A'S CONSENT DECREE «»6S> TOXIC CHEMICALS LIST"
-------
TABLE XIX
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER LOADINGS (LB/DAY)
PRESIDENTS ISLAND INTERCEPTOR
MEMPHIS* TENNESSEE
OCTOBER 1976
INDUSTRY
SAMPLE
LOCATION
NO
OPERATING
SCHEDULE
BODb
COD
TSS
TKN
NH3
TOTAL P
CYANIDE
CARGILL (SOYBEAN)
M-00
7
DAYS/WK
853
1470
97
5.3
4.7
0.72
CARGILL (CORN SYRUP)
M—81
7
DAYS/WK
33200
60300
13800
820
12
195
-—
MIO-SOUTH METAL PLATING
M—82
5
DAYS/WK
--
92
95
—
--
—
16.7»
ARMOUR
M-83
5
DAYS/WK
9130
16700
5400
475
114
Ill
—
MEMPHIS BUTCHERS
M-84
5
DAYS/WK
932
1550
418
55.3
13.1
12.6
—
UNARCO
M-85
5
DAYS/WK
—
<22
22.5
—
—
—
<0.001
NAT BURING
M—86
5
DAYS/WK
863
1240
909
16.5
2.0
15.4
—
FAITH MEMPHIS
M-87
5
DAYS/WK
—
<18
38
—
—
—
--
MILLER TRANSPORTERS
M-88
7
DAYS/WK
<150
320
86
6.3
3.8
5.5
—
CBI NUCLEAR
M-89
5
DAYS/WK
<628
116
73
—¦'
—
—
—
TOTAL**
45000
81800
20900
1380
150
340
16.7
• APPROXIMATION OF LOAD* IE LOAD CALCULATED WITH INSTANTANEOUS GRABS & AVERAGE OF DAILY DISCHARGE FLOWS
** TOTALS DO NOT INCLUDE < (LESS THAN) VALUES.
-------
TABLE XIX (CONTINUED)
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER LOADINGS (LB/DAY)
PRESIDENTS ISLAND INTERCEPTOR
MEMPHIS* TENNESSEE
OCTOBER 1976
INDUSTRY
SAMPLE
LOCATION OPERATING
NO SCHEDULE
CHROMIUM COPPER CADMIUM IRON ZINC LEAD NICKEL SILVER
MID-SOUTH METAL PLATING
M-82
5
DAYS/WK
1
0.1
1.7
17
31
0.04
0.2
--
UNARCO INDUSTRIES
Mr-85
5
DAYS/WK
23.0
0.13
<0.01
—
0.99
0.07
5.12
—
FAITH MEMPHIS
M-87
5
DAYS/WK
14
0.08
<0.01
—
0.03
0.06
13
—
MILLER TRANSPORTERS
M-88
5
DAYS/WK
0.04
0.06
<0.01
—
0.05
0.06
< 0.01
--
CBI NUCLEAR
M-89
S
DAYS/WK
0.02
0.08
<0.01
—
0.14
<0.07
0.06
0.02
TOTAL LOAD
38.1 0.45 1.7 17 32.2 0.23 ,18.4 0.02
-------
NONCONNAH CREEK BASIN
-------
Delta Refining Company—
Introduction—
Delta Refining Company, located at 543 West Mallory, operates an oil
and gasoline refinery continuously with a staff of 200 people. Crude oil
Is taken through a standard refining operation to primary finished products
of oil and gasoline.
Wastewaters and Pretreatment Processes—
Sanitary wastes are discharged Into septic tank/leachfield systems.
Process wastes are pretreated with an API separator* an air flotation
unit, and a settling pond prior to discharge through a 90° V-notch weir
with a concomitant recorder.
The company grab samples the effluent three times per week. Listed
below are the results of the last three months1 sampling:
Date
TSS(mg/l)
B0D(mg/l)
PH
0&G(mg/l)
Temp(°C)
Flow(mgd)
7/76
31.4
908
8.5
133.1
42
0.415
8/76
39.3
965
9.*
91.7
43
0.170
9/76
96.5
724
8.9.
135.4
42
0.082
Results—
Three consecutive 24-hour composite samples were collected at the
settling pond effluent (Location M-l) by means of an automatic sampler.
Samples were collected at 15-minute intervals. Flows were determined by
using the company's 90° V-notch weir and an EPA Installed stage recorder.
Operation was considered normal during the sampling period by company per-
sonnel. Wastewater loadings are given in Table XX.
*
Phenol and oil and grease loadingB were 116 and 2.6 percent, respec-
tively, of the total phenol and oil and grease loadings Into the WTP.
68
-------
The discrepancy between Che phenol loading from this facility and the total
phenol loading to the WTP can be attributed to biodegradatlon and volatlza-
tion in the collection system. (Facility loading was 116% of total WTP load.)
69
-------
TABLE XX
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AMD WASTEWATER LOADINGS
DELTA RETIMING
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBER» 1976
CONOUIT
WATER
PH
BOO
PHENOLS
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
TEMP
S OAt
TOTAL
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-Gf
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
UG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
M01
761018
1*45
£ C»761019
1315
0.277
410.0
19
524
HOI
761019
1320
35.0
8.6
77500
62.00
MOl
761019
1445
(C)761020
1420
0.327
315.0
37
484
MO 1
761020
1430
32.0
11.0
77500
67.00
MOl
761020
1430
761021
1430
0.278
520.0
114
1008
22.00
N01
761021
1440
35.0
9.1
130000
249.00
~ LOADINGS »•«
CONDUIT
BOD
PHENOLS
RESIDUE
COO
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
5 DAT
TOTAL
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
L8/D
LB/D
LB/0
MOl
761018
1445
(C)761019
1315
0.277
947.8
44
1211
MOl
761019
1445
(CI 761020
1420
0.327
859.6
232.94*
101
1321
308.95*
MOl
761020
1430
<0761021
1430
0.270
1206.4
264
2339
CONDUIT
BOD
PHENOLS
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
5 DAY
TOTAL
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
MOl
761018
1445
<0761019
.1315
0.277
429.9
20
549
MOl
761019
1445
(0761020
1420
0.327
389.9
46
599
MOl
761020
1430
(0761021
1430
0.278
547.2
120
1061
23.15
* APPROXIMATION OF LOADS (CALCULATED W/AVG OF DAILY GRAB CONCENTRATIONS AND AVG OF DAILY FLOW).
-------
Kimco Auto Products, Incorporated—
Introduction—
Kimco Auto Products is an automotive parts rebuilding company,
located at 1520 Texas Street, which employs about 550 people; 120 are
involved in the parts recovery operation. The facility operates on a
five day per week, eight hour per day schedule. This operation consists
of rebuilding carburetors and clutches. Used clutches are process-dipped
into a series of treatment units, i.e., degreasing, caustic (90% alkali),
clear water rinse, and rust inhibitor (90% varsol solution).
Carburetors are processed in the following treatment order: they are
first etched with a muriatic and sulphuric acid solution, then dipped in
a chromic acid tank, clear water rinsed, and finally dried.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Continuous overflow rinse tanks on the carburetor and clutch lines
are the major source of industrial wastewater. The remaining wastewater
flow is from sanitary usage, parts recovery, boiler and compressor dis-
charges. Pretreatment at the facility consists of two sump tanks which
provide settling.
Results—
Two consecutive composite samples and one grab sample were pumped
from the sewer cleanout (M-2A) in front of building 1570 (parts recovery)
during October 19 and 21, 1976. Samples were collected at one-half-hour
intervals for six to seven hours during the production period. A grab
sample was taken the first day of the three-day investigation due to a
malfunction of the automatic sampler.
71
-------
Flows were determined from daily MLG&W water meter readings. Waste-
water loadings discharged from the plant were determined from the composite
parameter concentrations and total flow during the production period.
Company records indicate an average monthly water usage of 55,000
cubic feet, based upon the average of the previous five months. This
equates to a daily usage of 19,130 gallons per day. Discharge flows dur-
ing the study were 14,615 gpd, 17,503 gpd, and 16,792 gpd for an 8.5 hour
production schedule. Company personnel indicated that operation during
the study should be considered typical. Analytical results are presented
in Table XXI.
This facility is a major contributor of chromium, zinc, and cadmium.
Discharges represent 63 percent of the chromium, 5 percent of the nickel,
and 1.7 percent of the cadmium load discharged to the WTP during the study.
Biological treatment processes, such as those employed at this WTP, are not,
specifically designed to remove heavy metals.
72
-------
TABLE XXI
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
KIMCO AUTO PARTS
MEMPHIS» TN
OCTOBER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
RESIDUE
COO
CHROMIUM
ZINC
FLOW
TEMP
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CRtTOT
ZNtTOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
MGO
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
UG/L
UG/L
M02A
761019
1000
<0 761019
1700
0.017
68
40<
247600
64700
M02A
761019
1015
0.015
22.0
9.3
272
222
28000
16670
M02A
761020
1020
(C)761020
1630
0.017
90
40<
42000
21760
COPPER
LEAD
IRON
NICKEL
CADMIUM
SULFATE
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
FEtTOT
NItTOTAL
CDtTOT
S04-TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
MG/L
M02A
761019
1000
<0 761019
1700
12180
1330
37760
228
1028.
32
M02A
761019
1015
785
904
11780
20<
45
18
M02A
761020
1020
<0 761020
1630
661
188
*920
24
35
18
CONDUIT
RESIDUE
COD
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
FLOW
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CRtTOT
ZNtTOT
CUtTOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGO
LB/D
LB/0
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M02A
761019
1000
<0761019
1700
0.017
10
6<
36
9
2
M02A
761019
1015
0.015
33
27
3
2
0
M02A
761020
1020
<0 761020
1630
0.017
13
6<
6
3
0
CONDUIT
LEAD
IRON
NICKEL
CAOMIUM
SULFATE
FLOW
PBtTOT
FEtTOT
NItTOTAL
CD.TOT
S04-TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGO
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
L8/D
M02A
761019
1000
<0 761019
1700
0.017
0
6
0
0
S
M02A
761019
101S
0.015
0
1
0 ,
0
2
M02A
761020
1020
<0 761020
1630
0.017
0
1
0
0
3
CONDUIT
RESIOUE
COD
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
FLOW
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CRtTOT
ZNtTOT
CUtTOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/0
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M02A
761019
1000
<0 761019
1700
0.017
5
3<
16
4
1
M02A
761019
1015
0.015
IS
12
2
1
0
M02A
761020
1020
<0761020
1630
0.017
6
3<
3.
1
0
CONDUIT
LEAD
IRON
NICKEL
CADMIUM
SULFATE
FLOW
PBtTOT
FEtTOT
NItTOTAL
CDtTOT
S04-TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/0
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M02A
761019
1000
<0 761019
1700
0.017
0
3
0
0
2
M02A
761019
1015
0.015
0
1
0
0
1
M02A
761020
1020
<0 761020
1630
0.017
0
0
0
0
1
-------
Refined Metals Corporation—
Introduction—
Refined Metals, located at 257 W. Mallory, operates a lead recovery
and processing operation with a work force of thirty people. The opera-
tion consists of two eight-hour shifts, Monday through Friday, and one
eight-hour shift on Saturday.
This operation is classified as a "secondary lead smelting". Lead
plate automotive-type batteries are processed to recover lead. The lead
is then melted, refined, and sold as ingots. Battery acids are wasted
to the sewer in the process. The company plans to install an acid recov-
ery system in the future. No date, however, has been set for its instal-
lation.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Wastewater from the production facility is primarily acid fluid from
the battery braking operation. Pretreatment consists of neutralizing with
gaseous ammonia and settling. Sanitary wastes are discharged directly into
the city sewer.
Results—
Four 10-14 hour composite samples were taken at half-hour intervals
from the wastewater sump (M-3) between October 19 through 23, 1976. Flows
were determined with an EPA~installed stage recorder on the final effluent.
Wastewaters were discharged from the final sump by means of a float and a
pump.
Loads in Table XXII were calculated from the composite parameter con-
centrations and the EPA-measured flow. Company personnel considered opera-
tions normal during the sampling period.
74
-------
Lead and cadmium loadings constituted nearly one percent of the total
lead and cadmium discharged into the WTP. Ammonia loadings were greater
than 15 percent of the total ammonia discharged into the WTP. During the
study period, the company's ammonia neutralization system was not operating
properly. The contact stabilization treatment process employed at the WTP
is not specifically designed to treat heavy metals, ammonia, or sulfates.
In addition, sulfate concentrations were very significant (i.e., 25,000 to
60,000 mg/1).
75
-------
TABLE XXII
analytical results and wastewater loadings
REFINtO METALS
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBER. 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PM
NH3-N
COD
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
FLOW
TEHP
TOTAL
Hi LEVEL
CR.TOT
ZN. TOT
cu•Tor
STAT ION
D*TE
T 1ME
DATE
T I ME
MGD
CENT
su
MG/L
MG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
M03
761019
1*00
(C)761019
2*00
0.005
1 7500.00
68
60
1675
2750
MU3
761020
6.5
11.2
mo J
761020
1*00
761021
2*00
0.002
18000.00
74
50 <
3275
2825
*03
761022
o*uo
(O 761022
2*00
0.004
17500.00
72
315
3450
3900
'mo 3
761023
1050
20.5
8.7
LEAD
I PON
NICnEL
CADM1UH
SILVER
SULFATE
ANTIMONY
PB.TOT
FE • TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
AG.TOT
S04-T0T
SB.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
MG/L
UG/L
M03
761019
1*00
(0 761019
2*00
5725
2620
727
552
22
34000
6900
MO 3
761020
M03
761020
1*00
(C)761020
2400
1 5200
4850
504
486
20<
25000
4150
*03
761021
1430
MO 3
761021
l*JO
(0 761021
2*00
2Ba l
1*75
950
6S6
50 000
MQ3
761022
0*CJ0
(O 761022
2400
19500
3500
625
662
60000
12980
M03
761023
1050
» LOADINGS
CONDUIT
NH3-N
COD
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
FLOW
TOTAL
Hi LEVEL
CH.TOT
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M03
76101S
1*00
tO 761019
2400
O.OOS
803.23
3
0
0
0
0
M03
761020
1*00
<(.">761020
2400
0.003
1046.50
2
0
0
0
0
M03
761021
)*J0
761021
2400
0.002
315.45
1
0<
0
0
0
HU3
761022
0*00
(O 761022
2400
0.004
627.98
3
0
0
0
1
CONDUIT
IRON
NICKEL
CADMIUM
SILVER
SULFATE
ANTIMONY
FLOW
FEtTOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
AG.TOT
S04-T0T
S8.T0T
STAT ION
DATE
T 1 ME
OATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
Lb/O
% Lti/D
LB/O
LB/D
MO 3
761019
1*00
< C»761019
2400
0.005
0
0
0
0
1561
0
M03
761020
1*00
<0761020
2400
0.003
0
0
0
0<
688
0
M03
761021
1*30
CC)761021
2400
0*002
0
0
0
676
*03
761022
0*00
tO 761022
2400
0.004
0
0
0
2153
0
CONDUIT
fsH3-N
COD '
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
FLOW
TOTAL
Hi LEVEL
Cft.TOT
ZN.TOT
CU » TOT
PB.TOT
STATION
DATE
T I HE
UATE
TIME
MGD
KG/O
Kfc/D
KG/O
Kb/D
KG/D
KG/O
MO 3
761U19
1*00
(O 761019
2400
0.005
364,34
1
0
0
0
0
M03
761020
MOO
10 761020
2400
0.003
474.68
1
0
0
0
0
MO 3
761021
1*»30
(O 761021
2400
0.002
143.09
1
0<
0
0
0
M03
761022
ovoo
t C»761022
2400
0.004
284.ttb
1
0
0
0
0
CONDUIT
1 RON
NICKEL
CADMIUM
SILVER
SULFATE
ANTIMONY
FLOw
FE~TOT
Nl.TOTAL
CO.TOT
AG.TOT
S04-T0T
SB.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/0
KG/U
KG/O
KG/D
KG/D
M03
761019
1*U0
(O 761019
2400
0.005
0
0
0
0
70S
0
M03
761020
1*00
(O 761020
2400
0.003
0
0
0
0<
312
0
M03
761021
1*30
(O 761021
2400
0.002
0
0
0
397
M03
761022
0*U0
(CI 761022
2400
0.004
0
0
0
977
0
-------
Shulton Incorporated—
Introduction—
This facility is located at 1725 South Third Street. The company
employs 50 people in a five-day-a-week, eight or sixteen-hour-per-day
operation, depending on the seasonal demand. Shulton Incorporated manu-
factures alcohol-based lotion and aerosol products requiring a formulation
of alcohols and propellants (hydrocarbons - fluorocarbons) as raw product
sources.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes —
Wastewaters are generated from the washdown of vats between product
changeovers. Compressor cooling water, chiller system water, and sanitary
wastewater are on a separate line and were not sampled. A grease sump
tank provided pretreatment for the washdown line. The tank is pumped twice
a year by a septic service. The method of ultimate disposal of these solids
by the septic tank service is unknown.
Results—
Product wastewater was sampled from the sump tank. This site (M-5)
was sampled on two consecutive days for 14-hour sampling periods at half-
hour intervals. Flow was determined from daily MLG&W water meter readings
minus daily domestic consumption, compressor cooling, and chiller system
waters. Compressor cooling, domestic consumption, and chiller system
wastewaters accounted for an estimated 90 percent of the total raw water
usage.
Company records indicated an average monthly usage of 148,300 cubic
feet of water based on the last four months. This equates to a daily
77
-------
usage of 51,595 gpd. Discharge flows were 33,054 gpd during October 18
through 19 and 28,828 gpd during October 19 through 20. Discharge flows
used in the loading analysis (losses considered) were 3,305 gpd and 2,882
gpd, respectively (Table XXIII). Operation during the peritd of study was
considered normal by company personnel, and wastewater discharges were as-
sumed typical.
Several terpines and diethyl phthalates were detected in the waste-
water. Diethyl phthalate'is on the EPA's Consent Decree: "65 Toxic
Chemicals List". The wastewater constituents were toxic to the' BOD5 test
on the first day, of the two-day. sampling period.
78
-------
TABLE XXIII
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
SHULTON INC.
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBERt 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOO
RESIDUE COD
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
M6D
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L MG/L
M05
761018
1100
(C)761018
2300
0.003
200.0>
1330 3582
M05
761019
0930
<0761019
2330
0.003
80.0
132 504
M05
761019
0950
24.0
6.2
M05
761020
0955
24.0
6.4
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M05
761018
1100
(C)761018
2300
0.003
5.5>
37
99
M05
761019
0930
(C)761019
2330
0.003
1.9
3
12
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL:
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M05
761018
1100
(C)761018 2300
0.003
2.5>
17
45
M05
761019
0930
(C)761019
2330
0.003
0.9
1
5.
-------
United Paint Company, Incorporated—
Introduction—
The United Paint plant, located at 404 East Mallory Avenue, mani**
factures latex paints. Operations are conducted on one eight-hour shift,
five days per week with approximately 50 employees.
The latex paint manufacturing process consists of blending ground
pigments, wetting agents, latex and water.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
The main sources of wastewater are cooling' water and wash water
from the cleaning of paint mixing tanks. This water passes through a
sump before discharging into the city system. Sludge and skimmings
from the sump are removed when necessary, and taken to a dump. Sanitary
wastewater discharges into the city system separately from the process
wastewater.
Results—
Two eight-hour composite samples, collected at two-hour intervals,
were collected on two consecutive days (October 20 arid 21, 1976) from the
sump (M-6). Flows were determined by reading the MLG&W meter and sub-
tracting the water added to the paint product plus the estimated volume
of sanitary wastewaters. Water added to the paint product was supplied
by company personnel each day. Wastewater loads were determined from
composite parameter concentrations and the calculated flows. (Table XXIV).
The two most recent water bills averaged 259,180 gallons per month.
Based on a 22 work-day month, this amounted to 11,780 gallons per day.
80
-------
Raw water used during the sampling period was 9,800 gallons per day and
7,000 gallons per day, respectively. The operation was considered normal
by company personnel during the sampling. However, since the flows were
lower than those during the recent period, the loads discharged during the
sampling period are assumed to be less than normal.
This discharger's wastewater is compatible with domestic sewage; the
low concentrations and flow relegate it to a very minor contributor status.
81
-------
TABLE XXIV
ANALYTICAL RESULTS ANO WASTEWATER LOADINGS
UNITED PAINT
MEMPHIS. TN
OCTOBER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
RESIDUE COD
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L MG/L
M06
761019
1345
20.0
6.5
M06
761020
0800
(C> 761020
1630
0.009
67.0<
170 70
M06
761021
0800
(C)761021
1630
0.006
67.0<
81 113
M06
761022
0820
22.0
6.5
~ LOADINGS •••
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M06
761020
0800
(C> 761020
1630
0.009
5.0<
13
5
M06
761021
0800
(C)761021
1630
0.006
3.4<
4
6
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M06
761020
0800
(C)761020
1630
0.009
2.3<
6
2
M06
761021
0800
(C)761021
1630
0.006
1.5<
2
3
-------
Dixie Litho Plate, Inc.—
Introduction—
Dixie Litho Plate is a lithographic negative and printing plate
manufacturer located at 3021 Carrier Street. The facility employs
eighteen people in a five day per week, eight hour per day operation.
Three steps are involved in preparing the plates. First, the plate
is prepped in a whirler, where a gum arabic and green pigment formula-
tion is applied. Next, the plates are developed using a solution
containing copper, aluminum, isopropyl alcohol, and butyl cellusol.
The plates are rinsed as a final step. The facility also has film
processing capabilities via two film processors.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
The majority of the wastewater is generated in the plate preparation
process during the rinsing step. The remaining portion of the total dis-
charge is from sanitary usage and from the two film processors. The only
pretreatment prior to discharge is a trap that provides for settling
of solids after the whirler unit.
Result8—
Sampling consisted of two grab samples collected and composited on
two days, October 21 and 22. The sampling site was a manhole inside the
plant (M-ll) which does not include the sanitary and film processing
wastewaters.
The flow (6,179 gpd) was determined from MLG&W water meter readings
spaced 24 hours apart, minus that portion of water attributed to sanitary
waste (540 gpd). Subsequent loadings reported in the attached table were
based on a daily wastewater flow of 5,639 gpd. Company records indicated
83
-------
that the monthly water usage, during the past three months, varied from
12,700-21,100 cubic feet with an average of 16,433 cubic feet. This
equates to an average daily water usage of 5,717 gpd. Operation during
the sampling period was considered normal by company personnel. Waste-
water discharge loads are given in Table XXV.
The plant discharged 31, 19, and 2 percent of the total zinc, chrome,
and copper discharged into the WTP. Heavy metals are not specifically
treatable by biological treatment processes.
84
-------
TABLE XXV
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
DIXIE LIThO PLATE
MEMPHISt TN
OCTOBER, 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
COD
CHROMIUM
ZINC
FLOW
TEMP
HI LEVEL
CR.TOT
ZN.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
M6D
CENT
SU
MG/L
UG/L
UG/L
Mil
761021
1*10
(0761021
1615
0.006
6841
129000
276000
Mil
761022
1105
27.0
2.0
Mil
761022
1105
(C)761022
1420
0.006
6048
70600
960000
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
SILVER
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
NI.TOTAL
CO.TOT
AG.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
Mil
761021
1210
(C)761021
1615
24900
310
250
10<
20<
Mil
761022
1105
Mil
761022
1105
(C)761022
1420
12820
500
206
19
29
»eooa0ooe4oee«4e«»4»eo4>oo»oe«»»eo»oo«0oeoo««o»ae«0
CONDUIT
COD
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
FLOW ,
HI LEVEL
CR.TOT
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
MGD
LB/O
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
Mil
761021
1*10
(C)761021
1615
0.006
32 2
6
13
1
Mil
761022
1105
(C)761022
1420
0.006
285
3
45
1
CONDUIT
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
SILVER
FLOW
PB.TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
AG,TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
Mil
761021
1*10
(C)761021
1615
0.006
0
0
C
0
Mil
761022
1105
(C)761022
1420
0.006
0
0
0
0
CONDUIT
COD
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
FLOW
HI LEVEL
CR.TOT
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
Mil
761021
1*10
(C)761021
1615
0.006
146
3
6
1
Mil
761022
1105
(C)761022
1420
0.006
129
2
20
0
CONDUIT
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
SILVER
FLOW
PB.TOT
NI .TOTAL
CO.TOT
AG.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
Mil
761021
1210
(C)761021
1615
0.006
0
0
0
0
Mil
761022
1105
(C)761022
1420
0.006
0
0
0
0
NOTE: LOADS REPORTED ABOVE WERE CALCULATED FROM THE CONCENTRATION OF TWO GRABS COMPOSITED DAILY USED
IN CONJUNCTION WITH AVERAGE DAILY FLOW.
-------
Alco Gravure, Incorporated—
Introduction—
Alco Gravure is a commercial printer located at 828 East Holmes Road.
Approximately.172 people are employed in a two phase operation, printing
and photo-engraving. The printing operation is a seven day per week, 24-
hour per day operation. The photo-engraving operation is a five day per
week, 14-hour per day operation.
Photo-engraving consists of copper plating and polishing, film de-
veloping, etching and chrome plating of cylindrical printing plates. The
printing phase consists of inking and roll-pressing the printing plates for
transference of impressions to paper.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
The only significant wastewater generation was in the photo-engraving
department. Excluding any spillage, wastewaters originate from a series,
of okite (cleaning solution) tanks and clear water rinse tanks. Okite
tanks provide preparatory cleaning to plating; rinse tanks provide cleans-
ing after each plating and etching operation.
Pretreatment of these wastewaters is provided by a dual underflow-
overflow system which provides clarification by trapping the floatables
and settling the solids. The tank is pumped out periodically by a septic
tank service. Ultimate disposal of this sludge by the septic tank service
is unknown.
Sanitary wastes and cooling waters are on a separate line which dis-
charges directly into the sewerage system.
86
-------
Results—
On two consecutive days, October 21 and 22, 1976, 14-hour composite
samples were collected at half-hour intervals from the tank cleanout
(M-12). Tank wastewater flow was determined by daily MLG&W water meter
readings minus sanitary and boiler water consumption. Subsequent load-
ings given in the attached table were determined from the composite
parameter concentrations and total calculated flow during the production
period.
Company records indicate an average monthly water usage of 51,800
cubic feet, based on the last two months. This equates to an approxi-
mate daily usage of 18,020 gpd, based on a five-day work week. Raw
water usage on October 20 through 21 and October 21 through 22, was 19,410
and 23,255 gpd, respectively. Wastewater discharge flows, with the subse-
quent uses subtracted, were 5,022 gpd and 8,867 gpd, respectively. These
figures were used in the loading calculations. Operation during the samp-
ling period was considered normal by company personnel. Wastewater dis-
charge loads are given in Table XXVI.
This facility discharges more than one percent of the total chromium
and copper' load to the plant and was considered to be a major contribution
to the sewerage system. Biological treatment processes, such as those em-
ployed at the WTP, are not specifically designed to remove heavy metals.
87
-------
TABLE XXVI
ANALYTICAL RESULTS ANO WASTEWATER LOADINGS
ALCO GRAVURE INC.
MEMPHIS. TN
OCTOBER. 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
M12
761020
0835
(C)761020
2200
0.005
2500.0
340
6209
M12
761021
18.0
2.5
5.00<
M12
761021
0900
(C)761021
2400
0.009
2000.0
270
6169
M12
761022
1130
5.00<
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
LEAO
IRON
NICKEL
CADMIUM
CR.TOT
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
FE.TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
M12
761020
0835
(C)761020
2200
2020
1045
11300
385
201500
539
10<
M12
7bl021
M12
761021
0900
< C > 761021
2400
5900
850
8320
534
133600
244
10<
M12
761022
1130
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
CHROMIUM
ZINC
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
CR » TOT
ZN.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M12
761020
0835
(C)761020
2200
0.005
104.7
14
260
0.29*
0
0
M12
761021
0900
(C)761021
2400
0.009
148. 0
20
457
0
0
CONDUIT
COPPER
LEAO
IRON
NICKEL
CADMIUM
FLOW
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
FE.TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M12
761020
0835
(C)761020
2200
0.005
0
0
8
0
0
M12
761021
0900
(0761021
2400
0.009
1
0
10
0
0
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
CHROMIUM
ZINC
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
CR.TOT
ZN.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M12
761020
0835
(C)761020
2200
0.005
47.5
6
118
0
0
M12
761021
0900
(0761021
2400
0.009
67.2
9
207
0
0
CONDUIT
COPPER
LEAD
IRON
NICKEL
CADMIUM
FLOW
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
FE.TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
HGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
H12
761020
0835
(0761020
2200
0.005
0
0
4
0
0<
M12
761021
0900
(C)761021
2400
0.009
0
0
4
0
0<
* APPROXIMATION OF LOAD (CALCULATED W/AVG OF DAILY GRAB CONCENTRATIONS AND AVG OF DAILY FLOW)
-------
Quality Industrial Uniform Service—
Introduction—
Quality Industrial Uniform Service, located at 2868 Rudder, is an
Industrial laundry which employs 66 people seven hours per day, five days
per week. The process is a wet cleaning (no dry cleaning) operation.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Wastewaters originate from the washing operation and also contain
cooling waters. Sanitary wastes are discharged separately. Pretreatment
consists of bar screens and a small settling basin.
Results—
Grab samples were taken from the effluent sump (M-14) twice per day
and composited daily during October 19 and 20, 1976. Flow was determined
from MLG&W water meter readings with an adjustment made for sanitary waste-
waters. Adjusted flows during the sampling periods of October 19 and 20,
1976 were 40,238 gpd and 39,265 gpd, respectively. Company records for
the previous three months revealed an average monthly water usage of
152,400 cu. ft. (53,033 gpd). Wastewater discharge loads given in Table
XXVII are considered slightly less than normal for this facility.
The BODj, TSS, COD, and oil and grease concentrations of this faci-
lity's wastewater were well above those of typical domestic wastewaters.
Oil and grease loadings from this facility constituted greater than four
percent of the WTP influent waste load.
89
-------
TABLE XXVII
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
QUALITY INDUSTRIAL UNIFORM
MEMPHIS. TN
OCTOBER. 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
RESIDUE
PHOS-TOT
COD
OIL-GRS
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-G
STATION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L P
MG/L
MG/L
761019
1100
0.040
34.0
10.7
350.0
310
2.150
1174
M14
761019
1500
31.0
7.1
99.00
M14
761020
1140
0.039
50.0
558.0
730
2.400
3790
M14
761020
1545
35.5
10.9
3002.00
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
PHOS-TOT
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M14
761019
1100
0.040
117.4
104
0.721
394
M14
761020
1140
0.039
183.0
239
0.787
1243
51A *
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
PHOS-TOT
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M14
761019
1100
0.040
53.3
47
0.327
179
M14
761020
1140
0.039
63.0
109
0.357
564
* APPROXIMATION OF LOAD (CALCULATED W/AVG OF DAILY GRAB CONCENTRATION AND AVG DAILY FLOW)
-------
Valley Products Company—
Introduction—
Valley Products Is an Industrial soap manufacturer located at 384
East Brooks Road. The facility employs 30 people In a three day per
week, two shift operation. The basic saponification Is used to hydro-
lyze vegetable oil with caustic soda to produce soap. The finished
soap goes through a chilling roll or Is spray dried.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Wastewaters are generated when water Is extracted from the highly
organic raw material, during cleanup and during process operations.
Caustic process wastewaters are pumped Into a common tank (Figure 8).
Wastewater Is neutralized with sulphuric acid to a pH range of 6.5 - 7.0
and allowed to settle. Floatable fatty acids are skimmed off, acid washed,
and pumped back to the plant for reprocessing. Through a series of taps
(at 2' vertical Increments) on the settling tanks, the layer of liquid
between the floatables and solids Is determined. This wastewater super-
natant Is then pumped into one of two surge tanks, the flow from which is
throttled by the use of valves to maintain a continuous 15-20 gpm release.
The cooling water line discharges downstream from this line, providing di-
lution prior to the proportional weir.
Results—
Wastewater from the surge tanks was sampled In the open channel just
upstream of the company's proportional weir. This site (M-15) was sampled
for two consecutive 24-hour periods at 15 minute intervals. Flow was
determined from daily readings of the company's totalizer. Discharge flows
on October 19 and 20 were 45,050 and 53,500 gpd, respectively.
91
-------
FIGURE 8
SITE DIAGRAM
VALLEY PRODUCTS CO.
MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE
DILUTION
WATER
SURGE
TANKS
pH CONTROL
BROOKS ROAD
-------
Loads in Table XXVIII were based on the composite parameter concen-
trations and daily flows determined with the company totalizer. Opera-
tion during the sampling period was considered normal by company personnel.
This effluent accounted for nearly six percent of the BOD^ and COD, 18 per-
cent of the TSS, and three percent of the oil and grease discharged during
the study. In addition, significant concentrations of sulfates were mea-
sured, ranging from 5,550 to 10,500 mg/1.
93
-------
TABLE XXVIII
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOAOINGS
VALLEY PRODUCTS
MEMPHIS. TN
OCTOBER. 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
SULFATE
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
S04-T0T
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
M15
761018
1540
(C)761019
1415
0.045
16330.0
2925
26830
960.00
10500
MIS
761019
1454
38.0
5.5
M15
76101V
1300
(C)761020
1500
0.053
7330.0
1730
15850
5550
M15
761020
1505
35.0
6.0
784.00
CONDUIT
dOD
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
SULFATE
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
S04-T0T
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
L6/D
Lfct/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M15
761018
1540
(C)761019
1415
0.045
6139.4
1100
10087
356*
3948
MIS
761019
1300
(C)761020
1500
0.053
3272.6
772
7077
2478
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
SULFATE
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
S04-T0T
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M15
761018
1540
(C)761019
1415
0.045
2784.8
499
4575
163.71
1791
MIS
761019
1500
(C)761020
1500
0.053
1484.4
350
3210
1124
* APPROXIMATION OF LOAD (CALCULATED W/AVG OF DAILY GRAB CONCENTRATION AND AVG DAILY FLOW)
-------
Chapman Chemical Company—
Introduction—
Chapman Chemical is a wood preservative manufacturer located at
416 East Brooks Road. They employ 48 people in a five day per week,
eight hour per day operation.
This process consists of three production lines, one dry and two
wet. The dry line operation is a mixing and packaging of true wood pre-
servatives. The wet lines involve mixing, blending, and packaging
pigmented wax emulsions, and blending and packaging sapstain control
solutions. These solutions provide antimicrobial control of fungi.
Active ingredients used in this process are: pentachlorophenol, tetra-
chlorophenol, copper-8 quinolinolate, and phenyl mercuric lactate.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Mixing vessel washdowns from product changeovers and floor drainage
generate the total industrial wastewater volume discharged1 into the sew-
erage system. Sanitary sewage is discharged from a separate line. Pre-
treatment consists of an underflow-overflow chamber that provides discrete
separation of floatables and settleables, which are respectively skimmed
and pumped off, both going to a common tank for ultimate disposal in a
landfill.
Results—
Sampling consisted of composite samples collected at half-hour
intervals for seven to eight hours of the production period on two con-
secutive days during October 18 through 20, 1976.
On the first day of sampling, only the Millbrite 50 product line
was in operation. This product is a weather protectant solution for
95
-------
lumber and plywood. On the second day of sampling, only the Sealtite line
was operating. This is a pigmented wax emulsion used as an end coating
to control splitting and checking in wood products.
Flows were determined from daily readings of three separate water
meters. The MLG&W meter totalized the entire raw water usage, while the
other two devices metered specific in-plant usage. The two in-plant meter
readings' were subtracted from the MLG&W meter reading to give the total
industrial water usage and thus the corresponding wastewater discharge.
However, 24 gpm was detected as totalized use on the MLG&W meter during
the time the system was inoperative. This usage was attributed to a leak
in the air compressor chiller system. Resulting discharge flows (leak
subtracted) used in the loading analysis, for the period of October 18
through 20 were 18,670 gpd and 7,780 gpd, respectively. Company records
indicate that the average monthly usage was 133,600 cubic feet. This
equates to a daily usage of 46,480 gpd; subtracting the leakage rate
gives an average discharge flow rate of 11,920 gpd. According to company
estimates of normal water usage in the processing of the Millbrite product,
flow on that first day of sampling was unusually high, and thus this load-
ing was not assumed to be indicative of normal operation. Analytical re-
sults are presented in Table XXIX.
During the period of the investigation, only the Sealtite and Mill-
brite product lines were in operation. Characterization of the waste-
waters revealed the presence of benzene, xylene, and several alkyl benzenes.
Benzene is on EPA's Consent Decree: "65 Toxic Chemicals List."
96
-------
Heavy metals, COD, and TSS were not detected in significant con-
centrations. However, the results are only representative of these two
product lines and should not be categorically accepted as typical for
all the products manufactured at this facility.
97
-------
TABLE XXIX
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
CHAPMAN CHEMICAL
MEMPHIS. TN
OCTObER. 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
RESIDUE
COD
CHROMIUM
FLOW
TEMP
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CRt TOT
5TATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
UG/L
M16
761018
0900
(C)761019
0900
0.019
40
89
S0<
M16
761019
0900
(C)761020
0900
0.008
22
S3
50 <
M16
761019
0918
O
•
4
6.6
ZINC
COPPER
lead
MERCURY
NICKEL
CADMIUM
ZN » TOT
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
HG.TOTAL
NI.TOTAL
CD,TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
Ml6
761018
0900
(C> 761019
0900
82
22
85
3.5
20<
10<
Ml 6
761019
0900
(C)761020
0900
165
14
288
2.3
20<
10<
M16
761019
0918
CONDUIT
RESIDUE
COO
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
FLOW
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CRtTOT
ZN»T0T
CU.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/O
LB/O
LB/D
UB/D
lb/d
Ml6
761018
0900
<0 761019
0900
0.019
6
14
0
0
0
M16
761019
0900
(0761020
0900
0.008
1
3
0
0
0
CONDUIT
LEAD
MERCURY
NICKEL
CADMIUM
FLOW
PB.TOT
HG.TOTAL
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
station
DATE
TIME
date
TIME
MGO
L6/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M16
761018
0900
(0 761019
0900
0.019
0
0.0
0
0
Ml6
761019
0900
(C)761020
0900
0.008
0
0.0
0
0
CONDUIT
RESIDUE
COO
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
FLOW
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CRtTOT
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
date
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M16
761018
0900
(C)761019
0900
Q.019
3
6
0
0
0
M16
761019
09 00
(O 761020
0900
0.008
1
2
0
0
0
CONDUIT
lead
MERCURY
NICKEL
CADMIUM
FLOW
PBiTOT
H©»TQTAL
NI~TOTAL
CD*TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGO
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
Mlb 761018 0.900 CCI 761019 0900 0«<119 0 0.0 0 0
M16 761019 0900 (0761020 0900 0.008 0 0.0 0 0
-------
Illinois Central Gulf Railroad - "JohnstonYard"—
Introduction—
The Illinois Central Gulf Railroad Yard is located off Horn Lake
Road between Alcy and Peebles Road. The company employs approximately
550 people in a seven day a week., 24-hour operation. This facility is
engaged in the transfer of commercial freight, maintenance and refueling
of train engines, plus the switching of railway cars.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
The major source of wastewater is surface runoff from the yard apron
which drains the maintenance and refueling depot. Wastewaters are pre-
treated in two series-operated lagoons. Both lagoons are equipped with
oil flotation collars; the upstream lagoon has two oil mop apparatuses
(Figure 9).
Results—
The facility was sampled just downstream of the company's rectangular
weir at Site M-17 (Figure 9) for two consecutive 24-hour compositing per-
iods using a 15-minute sampling interval. Flow was determined by daily
readings of the company's totalizer. A comparison of instantaneous mea-
surements made on the company's rectangular weir and 12-inch Parshall
flume showed the separate primary devices to be closely correlated. Efflu-
ent flows used to compute subsequent loadings for the period October 19
through 20 and October 20 through 21 were 258,000 and 156,000 gpd, respec-
tively.
Operation during the sampling period was considered normal by company
personnel. Wastewater discharge loads are given in Table XXX. This faci-
lity is a minor discharger that contributes a wastewater amenable to
treatment by the contact stabilization process used at the WTP.
99
-------
FIGURE 9
TREATMENT SYSTEM
ILLINOIS CENTRAL GULF RR
MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE
-------
TABLE XXX
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
ILLINOIS CENTRAL RR
MEMPHISt TN
OCTOBER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
PHENOLS
RESIDUE
COO
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOTAL
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
UG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
Ml 7
761019
1315
(C)761020
1315
0.258
20,0<
40
85
MI 7
761020
1310
761021
1410
0. 156
20. 0<
58
40
Ml 7
761020
1316
18.0
9.1
8.80
Ml 7
761020
1317
95
Ml 7
761021
1415.
18.0
9.1
52
7,40
CONDUI r
BOD
PHENOLS
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
fLOW
5 DAY
TOTAL
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/O
LB/D
LB/D
L6/D
LB/D
M17
761019
1315
{C)761020
1315
0.258
43.1<
86
183
M17
761020
1310
(C)761021
1410
0.156
26.0<
76
52
14 *
CONDUIT
BOD
PHENOLS
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
S DAY
TOTAL
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FHEON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGO
KS/D
KG/0
KG/D
KG/D
KG/O
M17
761019
1315
(C)761020
1315
0.258
19.5<
39
83
M17
761.020
1310
IC1761021
1410
0.156
11.8<
34
24
* APPROXIMATION OF LOAD (CALCULATED W/AVG OF DAILY GRAB CONCENTRATIONS AND AVG DAILY FLOW)
-------
Ralnbo Photo Service, Incorporated—
Introduction—
Ralnbo Photo Service Is a wholesale photo finisher, located at 3061
Mlllbranch. The facility employs 40 people in a five and one-half day
per week, 16-hour per day operation. Eight machines, four paper processing
and four film developing, provide the operational capabilities in this pho-
to finishing business.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
The majority of the wastewater is generated from a continuous wash
and rinse overflow of the eight processing units. These wastes are com-
bined with the sanitary waste prior to discharge. Pretreatment consists
of a silver recovery unit, which replates spent silver from the processing
operation, and a sump that provides settling for all plant wastewater flow
prior to discharge into the sewerage system.
Results—
Two composite samples were collected from the company sump (M-19)
for two consecutive days during the period of October 19 through 21, 1976.
Samples were collected at 15-minute intervals for 15-16 hours of the pro-
duction period. The flow of 12,878 gpd used in the loading computation
was determined from MLG&W water meter readings spanning 24 hours.
Company estimates of process wastewater were 180 gallons per machine
hour. Based on an estimation of 64 machine-hours per day, the total waste-
water flow was 11,520 gpd. The sanitary contribution waB 1,200 gpd;
therefore, the total estimated flow was 12,720 gpd.
Operation during the sampling period was considered normal by company
personnel, and loadings reported in Table XXXI were considered indicative
102
-------
of typical plant operations.
The characteristics of the wastewater from this facility are.generally
compatible with the contact stabilization process used at the WTP.
103
-------
TABLE XXXI
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
RAINBO PHOTO SERVICE
MEMPHIS. TN
OCTOBER. 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
Pri
BOD
RESIDUE
COO
CHROMIUM
t-LOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CR.TOT
STATION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
UG/L
M19
761019
0830
(C)761020
OB30
0.013
370.0
3
559
M 19
761020
0830
21.0
7.1
Hl9
T61020
0630
IC)7bl021
1100
0.013
1<
447
50<
M1 9
761021
1105
22.0
7.2
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
SILVER
ZN.TOT
CUtTOT
PB.TOT
NI .TOTAL
CD.TOT
AG.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
U6/L
UG/L
M19
761019
0830
(C)761020
0830
M19
761020
0830
M19
761020
0630
(C)761021
1100
123
90
80<
20<
10
1620
M 19
761021
1105
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
CHROMIUM
ZINC
FLOW
5 OA*
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CR.TOT
Ztt.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/O
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/O
M19
761019
0830
(C)761020
0830
0.013
39.B
0
60
M19
761020
0830
(C)761021
1100
0.013
0
48
0
0
CONDUIT
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
SILVER
FLOW
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
NI .TOTAL
CD.TOT
AG.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
L8/0
LB/O
M19
761019
0830
(C)761020
0830
0.013
M19
761020
0830
(C)761021
1100
0.013
0
0
0
0
0
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
CHROMIUM
ZINC
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CR.TOT
ZN.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M19
761019
0830
(C)761020
0830
0.013
18.0
0
27
M19
761020
0830
761021
1100
0.013
0
22
0<
0
CONDUIT
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CAOMIUH
SILVER
FLOW
CUtTOT
PB.TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
AG.TOT
STATION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/O
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M19
761019
0830
(0761020
0830
0.013
M19
761020
0830
(C)761021
1100
0.013
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Richards Manufacturing Company—
Introduction—
Richards Manufacturing Company 1s a surgical Implant and instrument
manufacturer located at 1450 Brooks Road. The facility employs 385 peo-
ple in a five day per week, two shift per day operation. The process
consists of forming, polishing, and chemically finishing 300 and 400-series
stainless steel to produce surgical implants and instruments.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Continuous cooling water discharge from a parts coating oven opera-
tion, boiler blowdown water, sanitary usage, and rinse water from the
electro-plating operation account for the total wastewater discharge into
the sewer system. There is no pretreatment of this combined industrial
and sanitary discharge.
Results—
Sampling consisted of two grab samples taken and composited on two
consecutive days, October 21 and 22, 1976. The sampling site (M-20) was
a street manhole located at the northeast corner of the plant. Each in-
dividual grab sample at this location was a composite of two samples, one
from each of the two discharge pipes that convey the total plant discharge
into the manhole.
Flow was determined from MLG&W water meter readings over the sampling
period. Subsequent loadings using this flow (42,000 gpd) are given in
Table XXXII.
Company records indicate that the monthly water usage during the
past four months averaged 116,825 cf. This equates to an average daily
105
-------
water usage of 41,000 gpd. Operation during the study was considered typi-
cal, and thus the discharges are assumed to be representative of typical
discharges.
Characteristics of the wastewater from this facility during the study
period were compatible with the contact stabilization process used at the
WTP. However, the results should not be categorically accepted as typical
of the wastewater discharged from this facility at all times.
106
-------
TABLE XXXII
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
RICHARDS MANUFACTURING
MEMPHIS. TN
OCTOBER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
RESIOUE
COO
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
TEMP
5 UAr
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
su
HG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
M20
761021
1145
(C)761021
1540
0.042
40. 0<
62
41
M20
761022
1050
25.0
6.3
14.00
*20
761022
1OS0
(C)761022
1440
0.042
200.0<
76
162
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
CR.TOT
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
M20
761021
1 US
(C)761021
1540
211
128
346
S0<
80
10<
M20
761022
1050
M20
761022
1U50
(C> 761022
1440
148
138
400
80<
69
10<
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COO
OIL-GRSE
CHROMIUM
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
CH.TOT
STATION
OATL
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/U
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M20
761021
1145
(C)761021
1540
0.042
14.0<
22
14
4.9*
0
M20
761022
luSO
(C)761022
1440
0.042
70. 1<
27
57
0
CONDUIT
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
FLOW
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M20
761021
1145
1C)761021
1540
0.042
0
0
0
0
0
M20
761022
1US0
IC)761022
1440
0.042
0
0
0
0
0
CONDUIT
600
RESIDUE
COO
OIL-GRSE
CHROMIUM
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
MI LtVEL
FKEON-GR
CR.TOT
STATION
OATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
MGO
KG/D
KG/O
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M20
761021
1145
IC)761021
1540
0.042
6. 4<
10
7
0
M20
761022
1050
(C)761022
1440
0.042
31. 8<
12
26
0
CONDUIT
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
FLOW
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M20
761021
1145
(C)761021
1540
0.042
0
0
0
0
0
M20
761022
1 050
(C)761022
1440
0.042
0
0
0
0
0
* APPROXIMATION OF LOAD (CALCULATED W/AVG OF DAILY GRAB CONCENTRATIOK AND AVG DAILY FLOW)
NOTE: ALL OTHER LOADS REPORTED WERE CALCULATED FROM THE AVERAGE OF TWO DAILY GRABS (COMPOSITED) AND AVERAGE DAILY FLOW
-------
National Starch and Chemical Corporation—
Introduction
National Starch and Chemical Corporation, located at 4035 Senator
Street, produces synthetic adhesives. The facility operates eight hours
per day, five days per week, and employs eight people. Using a blending
and heating batch process, two categories of adhesives are produced (i.e.,
Polyvinyl Acetate and Dextren). Chemicals used in the Polyvinyl Acetate
adhesives are Dibutyl tbiolate, trichloroethylene, formaldehyde, phenols,
and defoaming agents. Chemical ingredients used in the formulation of
Dextren adhesives are corn starch, borax, caustic soda, and formaldehyde.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Wastewaters are derived from mixing vat cleanups, floor washings,
and cooling water flows which discharge untreated through a common drain.
Sanitary wastes are not combined with the process wastewaters.
Results—
Three consecutive daily composites were taken from the effluent drain
(M-21) during the period of October 19 through October 21, 1976. Samples
were taken at half-hour intervals for 6-7 hours of the production period.
Flows were determined by an EPA-installed 60° V-notch weir and stage re-
corder. Subsequent loadings are given in Table XXXIII, and were deter-
mined from the composite parameter concentrations and total flow during
the production period.
Company records indicate an average monthly water usage of 118,533 cf
based upon the last three months ending October 15, 1976. This equates
to a daily usage of 41,240 gallons per day. Discharge flows were in the
108
-------
range of 16,000-25,000 gallons for an 8.5 hour production period. The
balance of the water usage Is attributed to sanitary waste discharges
to the city sewer and to cooling water discharge during non-production
periods. Company personnel considered operations normal during the study
period.
Although this plant discharges a small volume of wastewater, seven
organic compounds, four of which are on EPA's Consent Decree: "65 Toxic
Chemicals List," were Isolated in samples from the discharge.
109
-------
TABLE XXXIII
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
NATIONAL STARCH AND CHEMICAL
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
M6D
CEfoT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
M21
761019
0930
225.00
MZ1
761019
1000
(C)761019
1730
0*025
666.0<
1080
4234
M21
761020
1100
25.0
M21
761020
1100
(C)761020
1730
0.024
799.0
1255
3982
M21
761021
1100
(0761021
1700
0.016
640.0
85
605
M21
761021
1110
31.0
6.4
CONDUIT
BOO
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M21
761019
1000
761019
1730
0.025
138.4<
224
880
40.9 *
M21
761020
1100
(0761020
1730
0.024
162.0
255
808
M21
761021
1100
(O 761021
1700
0.016
86.5
11
82
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGO
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M21
761019
1000
(0761019
1730
0.025
62. 8<
102
399
M21
761020
1100
(0761020
1730
0.024
73.5
115
366
M21
761021
1100
<0761021
1700
0.016
39.2
5
37
* APPROXIMATION OF LOAD (CALCULATED W/AVG OF DAILY GRAB CONCENTRATION AND AVG DAILY FLOW)
-------
Utrex, Incorporated—
Introduction—
Utrex, located at 3820 Delp, is an industrial laundering operation
which employs 30 people working eight hours per day on a five day per
week work schedule. Industrial uniforms, rags, and shop towels are laun-
dered by both dry cleaning and wet cleaning processes. In this relatively
unique process, oil stained materials are solvent cleaned (dry cleaned) and
then receive standard wet cleaning.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Process wastewaters include laundry water, cooling water, and dry
cleaning solvent carryover and spillage. Sanitary wastes are discharged
separately. Pretreatment consists of bar screens and a settling basin.
Settled solids are removed by a septic tank service company.
Results—
A single grab sample was taken on October 19 at a location prior
to pretreatment. On October 20, two grab samples were composited from
the sump (M-22) following pretreatment. In addition, on October 20, a
sample (M-22A) was taken from spent solvent found floating on the final
settling basin. Flow was determined from MLG&W water consumption adjusted
for sanitary waste. Company records for the last three months indicate an
average water usage of 105,800 cf- (36,800 gpd). During the sampling period
of October 19 and 20, process wastewater flows to the sewer were 32,860 gpd
and 26,400 gpd, respectively, based upon water meter readings minus sanitary
waste. Wastewater discharge loads with the exception of M-22A given in
Table XXXIV are considered typical for this facility.
Ill
-------
Wastewaters discharged from this facility are compatible with the
contact stabilization process at the WTP. Loadings constitute less than
one percent of the total loadings to the WTP.
Spilled dry cleaning fluid (COD of 242,000 mg/1) , found floating in
the company's settling basin, constitutes a significant potential load to
the WTP. The company had the fluid (1,800 gallons) removed by a cleanout
service during the study period. The ultimate disposal location of this
fluid by the cleanout service is unknown.
112
-------
TA8LE XXXIV
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER L0ADIN6S
UTREX
MEMPHIS. TN
OCTOBER• 1976
STATION DATE TIME
M22
M22
DATE TIME
761019 1100
761020 1100 (C)761020 1300
CONDUIT
FLOW
HGD
0.033
0.027
WATER
TEMP
CENT
64.0
PH
SU
9.9
LOAOIN6S <
BOD
5 DAY
M6/L
93.0
90.0
RESIDUE
TOT NFLT
MG/L
75
60
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
4.600
1.500
COD
HI LEVEL
MG/L
368
283
OIL-GRSE
FREON-GR
MG/L
45.00
132.00
CONDUIT
SOD
RESIDUE
PHOS-TOT
COO
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
OATE TIME
OATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M22
761019
1100
0.033
25.5
21
1.263
101
21.88*
M22
761020 U00
(C)761020
1300
0.027
20.2
13
0.337
64
STATION
M22
M22
DATE
TIME
DATE TIME
761019 1100
761020 1100 (0761020 1300
CONDUIT
FLOW
MGD
0.033
0.027
BOD
5 DAY
KG/D
11.6
9.2
RESIDUE
TOT NFLT
KG/D
9
6
PHOS-TOT
KG/D
0.573
0.153
COD
HI LEVEL
KG/D
46
29
OIL-GRSE
FREON-GR
KG/O
STATION DATE
M22A
TIME
CONDUIT
FLOW
MGD
COD
HI LEVEL
MG/L
DATE TIME
761020 1000 0.002 242000
* LOADINGS •
STATION
M22A
STATION
M22a.
DATE
TIME
DATE TIME
DATE TIME
761020 1000
DATE TIME
761020 1000
CONDUIT
FLOW
MGD
0.002
CONDUIT
FLOW
MGD
0.002
COD
HI LEVEL
LB/D
363S
COD
HI LEVEL
KG/D
1649
* APPROXIMATION OF LOAD (CALCULATED W/AVG OF DAILY GRAB CONCENTRATIONS AND AVG OF DAILY FLOW)
-------
Cleo Wrap Corporation--
Introductlori—
Cleo Wrap Corporation, located at 4025 Viscount, manufactures wrapping
paper, with 1250 employees. The plant operates five days per week on three
eight-hour shifts. In the manufacturing process, paper stock is converted
to wrapping paper by the passage over various color-impregnating cylinders
and over electro-plating cylinders. The primary metals employed in the
plating process are chrome, hexavalent chrome and copper.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Cooling waters and sanitary wastes are discharged directly into the
city sewer. Production wastes emanate from acid stripping of the printing
C O
cylinders and are pretreated with sodium bisulfate (to convert Cr to Cr )
and sodium hydroxide (to neutralize). Pretreatment occurs In a two stage
batch process with sedimentation, Cr reduction, and neutralization in the
first stage, and final neutralization adjustment in the final stage prior
to discharge. Solids from the pretreatment process are removed by a solid
waste disposal company and ultimately incinerated.
Results—
Sampling consisted of two grab samples taken from the final sump (M-26)
and composited on October 19; a single grab was taken on October 20. The
batch system is discharged to the city sewer once per production day with a
flow (reported by the company) of 160-196 gallons. Results given on Table
XXXV are based on a flow of 178 gallons per production day.
Company personnel considered the operation normal during the sampling
period.
114
-------
Even though the wastewater flow was only 180 gallons/day, chromium
and zinc discharge to the WTP represented 8.7 and 0.5 percent of the total
loadings of these parameters discharged to the WTP during the study. In
addition, the wastewater is batch-discharged once per day. Biological
treatment processes are not specifically designed to remove heavy metals
from wastewater.
115
-------
TABLE XXXV
ANALYTICAL results and wastewater loadings
CLEO HHAP CORP.
MEMPHTSi TN
0CI06LR. 1.976
CONDUIT
WATER
Prt
RESIDUE
COO
OIL-liWSE
cyanide
FLOW
TEMP
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
CN-TOT
STATION
DA1E
T I ME
DATE
TIME
MOD
CENT
SJ
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
*26
761019
1300
22.0
11.0
M26
761019
1 300
761019
1520
0.00018
3590
2744
42.00
1.400
M26
761020
1100
o.oooia
5940
3049
8.00
1.210
M26
761021
1000
0.00018
5300
2845
37.00
0.600
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
'CR.TOT
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
PB # TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD,TOT
STATION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
M26
76X019
1300
M26
761019
1 JOO
761019
1520
1025000
25100 0
7B20
£4300
239
50
M26
761020
1100
1767000
420000
13980
35700
271
55
K26
761021
1000
1390000
321000
11160
29400
240
45
CONDUIT
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
CYANIDE
CHROMIUM
FLOW
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FHEON-GR
CN-TOT
CR.TOT
STATION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
L8/0
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M26
761019
1JOO
(C> 761019
1520
0.00018
5
4
0.06
0.002
2
M26
761020
1100
0.00018
9
5
0.01
0.002
3
M2e
761021
1000
0. 00018
e
4
0.06
0.001
2
CONDUIT
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
FLOW
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TINE
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/O
LB/O
LB/O
M?6
761019
1 JOO
ICI761019
1520
0.00018
0
0
0
0
0
M26
761020
1100
0.00018
1
0
0
0
0
M26
761021
1000
0.00018
0
0
0
0
0
CONUUIT
RESIDUE
COD
OlL-GRSE
cyanide
CHROMIUM
FLOW
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
CN-TOT
CR.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/O
KG/O
KG/O
*26
761019
1 JOO
-------
D&W Plating Company—
Introduction—
D&W Plating Company, located at 3855 Old Getwell Road, operates a
plating operation with a staff of 25 people working five days per week
with one eight-hour shift per day. Following a process of caustic rinsing,
acid cleaning and electro-plating, seven process lines are used for stan-
dard zinc, chrome, and nickel plating.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
All wastewaters, including process, sanitary and cooling waters, are
discharged untreated through a single ln-plant sewerage system. Process
wastewater flows originate from the rinse tank's continuous overflow and
from plating solution overflow.
Results—
Three 6-7 hour composite samples were collected from the process ef-
fluent (M-27) on three consecutive days. Samples were collected at half-
hour intervals with an automatic sampler. Flows were determined from daily
MLG&W water usage and were 228,581, 205,573, and 255,083 gpd, respectively,
for the three-day sampling period. Company records for the last three months
reveal a usage of 694,833 cf/month (241,737 gpd). Company personnel consi-
dered operations typical during the sampling period. Wastewater discharge
loads are given in Table XXXVI.
Chromium, zinc, copper, nickel, and cadmium loadings represent 14.7,
13.7, 0.4, 9.0, and 28.9 percent, respectively, of the total loadings into
the plant. Additionally, the mean cyanide concentration in the discharge
was 3.4 mg/1. Biological treatment processes are not.specifically designed
to remove either cyanide or heavy metals from wastewaters;
117
-------
TABLE XXXVI
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
0 & W PLATING
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
RESIOUE
PHOS-TOT
COD
CYANIDE
FLO*
TEMP
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CN-TOT
STATION
^DATE
TIME
DATE
T I ME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L.P
MG/L
MG/L
M27
76101b
11U0
7b10 16
1700
0,229
46
3.500
40<
M27
761019
1U00
(C)761019
1700
0.206
24
1.650
40<
M27
761019
1010
19.0
6.5
4.970
M27
7b1020
1UU0
(C)761020
1700
0.255
24
1.400
40<
M27
761020
1005
19.0
3.450
M* 7
761021
1040
18.0
6.4
1.870
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
CR.'TOT
ZN•TOT
CU.TOT
PB»TOT
NI.TOTAL
CO•TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
time
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
M27
7bl0 18
1100
<0761018
1700
154
7875
41
80 <
469
476
M27
761019
1 U00
(C)761019'
1700
3600
6430
127
0O<
243
500
M27
7ol019
1010
M27
761020
luoo
(C)761020
1700
1780
5400
49
80 <
418
378
M27
'61020
1005
M27
761021'
1040
CONDUIT
RESIDUE
PHOS-TOT
COD
CYANIDE
CHROMIUM
FLOW
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CN-TOT
CR•TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
Ltf/D
LB/D
LB/O
LB/D
LB/O
rt27
761 o m
1100
(C> 761018
1700
0 * 229
88
6.677
76<
0
M27
761019
luOO
(C)761019
1700
0.206
41
2.831
69<
6.6*
6
M2 1
761020
1000
761020
1700
0.25b
51
.2.980
85<
4
CONDUIT
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
FLOW
ZN.TOT
CU•TOT
PB*T0T-
NI* TOTAL
CD.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
.LB/D
LB/D
M27
761018
11 uO
(C)761018
1700
0.229
15
0
0<
1
i
M27
761019
luoo
(C)761019
1700
0.206
11
0
0<
0
1
M2 7
761020
1 uOO
(C)761020
1700
0.255
11
0
0<
1
1
CONOUIT
RESIDUE
PHOS-TOT
COO
CYANIDE
CHROMIUM
FLOW
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CN-TOT
CR.TOT.
STAT[ON
OATE
T I ME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/O
KG/O
KG/D
KG/O
KG/D
M27
76101b
1100
(C)761018
1700
0.229
40
3.029
35<
0
m27
7b1019
luoo
(C)761019
1700
0.206
19
1.284
31 <
3
m27
761020
1O00
761020
1700
0.255
23
1.352
39<
2
CONDUIT
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
FLOW
ZN* TOT
CU* TOT
Pd*TOT
NI .TOTAL
CD.TOT
STAT ION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/O
KG/O
KG/D
KG/O
KG/D
Hd7
761018
1100
(C)761018
1700
0.229
7
0
0<
0
0
M27
.761019
luoo
(C)761019
1700
0.206
b
0
0<
0
0
M27
761020
1000
(CJ 761020
1 700
0.255
5
0
0<
0
0
* APPROXIMATION OF LOAD (CALCULATED WITH AVERAGE OF DAILY CONCENTRATIONS AND AVERAGE DAILY FLOW)
-------
Delta Foremost Chemical Corporation—
Introduction—
Delta Foremost Chemical Corporation, located at 3915 Airpark, pro-
duces cleaning compounds with a staff of 60 people working five days per
week with one eight hour shift per day. Both dry cleansers and liquid
detergents are produced by blending processes at the facility. In the
dry process, the primary Ingredients are sodium silicate, phosphates,
carbonates, caustic soda and borax. The liquid detergents blending opera-
tion includes the following chemicals: chlorinated methylene chloride,
perchloroethylene, trichloroethylene, petroleum distillate, mineral oils,
mineral spirits, toluene, and acetone.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Washdown wastes and cooling waters are the primary sources of process
wastewaters. Sanitary wastes are discharged separately. The process waste-
waters receive no pretreatment.
Results—
One six to eight hour composite sample was taken each day from the
process wastewater effluent at a cleanout tap (M-28) on October 18, 19,
and 20. Samples were taken at half-hour intervals by means of an auto-
matic sampler. Flow was determined by subtracting sanitary wastewater
and product consumption from daily MLG&W water usage. Company records
reveal a water usage of 21,667 cf/month (7,540 gpd) for the last three
months. During the three day sampling period, water usage was 14,265,
10,779, and 7,854 gallons.
119
-------
Operation during the sampling period was considered normal by company
personnel. Wastewater discharge loadings are given in Table XXXVII.
Oil and grease and phenol loadings from this facility constituted
nearly one percent of the loadings of these parameters into the WTP during
the study. In addition, the volatile organic compounds used in the product,
which are subject to enter the sewage system via spillage, are a potential
problem in the WTP's contact stabilization process.
120
-------
TABLE XXXVII
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
DELTA FOREMOST CHEMICAL
MEMPHISt TN
OCTOBEHt 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
PHENOLS
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOTAL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
UG/L
M28
761018
1200
761018
1630
0.009
3300.0
M28
761019
0915
15500
M28
761019
0930
(C)761019
1700
0.007
5600.0
M28
761020
101b
16.0
2505
M28
761020
1030
(C)761020
1700
0.005
3200.0
M28
761021
1400
9.5
65000
RESIDUE
TOT KJEL
PHOS-TOT
COD
OIL-GRSE
10T NFLT
N
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L P
MG/L
MG/L
M28
761018
1200
(C)761018
1630
216
9.55
515.000
7990
M28
761019
0915
1787.00
M28
761019
0S»30
(C)761019
1700
175
34.80
101.000
6150
M28
761020
1015
58.00
M28
761020
11)30
(C)761020
1700
200
7.80
O
o
o
•
11060
M28
761021
1400
2376.00
CONDUIT
BOD
PHENOLS
RESIDUE
TOT KJEL
PHOS-TOT
COD
OIL-GRSI
t-LOW
5 DAY
TOTAL
TOT NFLT
N
HI LEVEL
FREON-GI
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M28
761018
1200
(0761018
1630
0.009
256.1
1.66*
17
0.74
39.970
620
84.49*
M28
761019
0930
(0761019
1700
0.007
331.8
10
2.06
5.984
364
M28
761020
1OJ0
(0 761020
17 00
0.005
136.2
9
0.33
7.448
471
CONOUIT
BOO
PHENOLS
RESIDUE
TOT KJEL
PHOS-TOT
COD
OIL-GRS'
FLOW
b DAY
TOTAL
TOT NFLT
N
HI LEVEL
FREON-G
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/0
KG/0
KG/0
KG/O
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M28
761018
1200
(0761018
1630
0.009
116.2
8
0.34
18.130
281
M28
761019
0930
(C)761019
1700
0.007
150.5
5
0.94
2.714
165
M28
761020
1030
(0761020
1700
0.005
61.8
4
0.15
3.378
214
* APPROXIMATION OF LOADS (CALCULATED W/AVG OF DAILY CONCENTRATIONS IGRABJ AND AVG DAILY FLOW)
-------
J. M. Smucker Company—
Introduction—
J. M. Smucker, located at 4740 Burbank, produces jams and preserves
with a staff of 94 people who work one eight-hour production shift per day,
five days per week.
The products are manufactured by blending preprocessed fruits, sugar,
corn syrup, and natural pectin. The finished foodstuffs are then canned
in glass jars through a pasteurizing system. The shift is split so that
the period from approximately 7:00 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. is the production per-
iod and is followed by a cleanup period ending around 8:00 p.m.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Process and sanitary wastewaters pass through a screen and settling
basin prior to discharge. Cooling waters are discharged through a separate
sewer. Solids from the settling basin are removed by a solids disposal
company.
Results—
Samples were collected from the effluent sump (M-29) for three con-
secutive days by means of an automatic sampler. The sampler was pro-
grammed to take samples at half-hour intervals for periods of 10-12 hours
per day. Flows were determined by subtracting metered cooling water usage
from total MLG&W metered water consumption. Monthly water usage for the
previous four months has averaged 552,850 cf (192,340 gpd). Water usage
during the sampling period ranged from 172,000 to 215,000 gpd. When ad-
justed for cooling water diversion, the flow at the sampling point ranged
122
-------
from 145,000 to 186,000 gpd. Company personnel considered the operation
normal during the sampling period. Wastewater discharge loads are given
in Table XXXVIII.
The facility discharges major quantities of BOD5 and COD which rep-
resent 0.8 and 1.1 percent, respectively, of the total loading of these
parameters into the WTP.
123
-------
TABLE XXXVIII
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
J.M.SMUCKER
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
RESIDUE
PHOS-TOT
COD
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L P
MG/L
M29
761018
1000
(C)761018
2000
0.145
932.0
140
5.100
2150
M29
761019
0940
to
*
•
o
6.5
M29
761019
1000
(C)761019
2000
0.186
1932.0
180
4.150
3688
M29
761020
0930
23.0
M29
761020
0930
(C)761020
2000
0.161
600.0>
14
6.000
2458
M29
761021
1000
23.0
6.8
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
PHOS-TOT
COD
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
date
time
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M29
761018
1000
(C)761018
2000
0.145
1129.3
170
6.180
2605
M29
761019
1000
(C)761019
2000
0.186
3007.0
280
6.459
5740
M29
761020
0930
(0761020
2000
0.161
808.7>
19
8.087
3313
CONDUIT
60D
RESIDUE
PHOS-TOT
COD
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M29
761018
1000
(C)761018
2000
0.145
512.3
77
2.803
1182
M29
761019
1000
(0761019
2000
0.186
1363.9
127
2.930
2604
M29
761020
0930
(0761020
2000
0.161
366.8>
9
3.668
1503
-------
Ralston Purina Company—
Introduction—
Ralston Purina, located at 4272 Mendenhall, produces protein food
fillers with an employment of 160 people. The facility is operated
seven days per week with three eight-hour shifts per day.
Soy flakes (defatted soy bean) are converted to a powdered protein
filler used for human consumption. The primary production units consist
of extraction, clarification, washing, concentrating, and spray drying.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Wastewaters from the production process are discharged untreated to
the city sewer. Sanitary wastes are segregated from the production
wastes. The company has installed a rectangular weir and totalizer at
the production wastewater discharge point. In addition, by means of an
automatic bucket type sampler, the company collects samples monthly for
BOD5 and TSS analysis. The following results were reported for the
most recent five months:
Flow -(million gallons/mo.)
27.86
22.48
23.75
23.41
Results—
Sampling consisted of three 24-hour composites collected from the
effluent manhole (M-32) during October 18 through 21. These samples were
collected by means of the company sampler, and similarly, flow was
Date
B0D5 (mg/1)
TSS (mg/1)
Apr
1,700
984
Jun
2,250
1,362
Jul
1,733
1,311
Aug
1,621
1,033
125
-------
determined by the company flow device. The flow equipment was calibrated
In October 1976. Wastewater discharge loads given In Table XXXIX are con-
sidered normal for the facility.
The facility contributed 10.7 percent of the BOD^, 7.3 percent of the
TSS, 13 percent of the COD, and 1.2 percent of the oil and grease discharged
into the WTP. This plant is one of the most significant contributors of
BOD^ and TSS sampled during the study.
126
-------
TABLE XXXIX
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
RALSTON - PURINA
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
M32
761018
0815
(C)761019
0830
0.890
2000.0
1095
5386
M32
761019
0830
33.0
10.4
14.00
M32
761019
0830
(C)761020
0800
0.988
2600.0
1000
6403
M32
761020
0800
761021
0800
0.964
3800.0
1210
6403
M32
761020
0820
37.0
31.00
M32
761021
0820
39.0
4.9
11.00
CONOUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
station
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M32
761018
0815
(0761019
0830
0.890
14854.6
8133
40004
M32
761019
0830
<0761020
0800
0.988
21441.7
8247
52804
147 *
M32
761020
0800
<0761021
0800
0.964
30570.5
9734
51511
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIOUE
COO
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M32
761018
0815
<0 761019
0830
0.890
6737.9
3689
18145
M32
761019
0830
761020
0800
0.988
9725.8
3741
23952
M32
761020
0800
<0761021
0800
0.964
13866.5
4415
23365
* APPROXIMATION OF
LOAD
(CALCULATED W/AVG
OF DAILY GRAB CONCENTRATIONS AND
AVG or DAILY FLOW}
-------
Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company—
Introduction—
Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company, located at 5151 East Raines, is a
large scale brewing, bottling, and canning facility which produces ap-
proximately 5.3 million barrels per year of product. The company operates
continuously five and one-half days per week with a work force of approxi-
mately 650 people. American Can Company is an integral part of the facility.
Through a typical brewing operation, barley, corn, and hops are con-
verted to beer by the following unit operations: milling, cooking,
fermenting, filtering, storage, and bottling or canning. Water is supplied
by company wells.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Wastewaters emanate from nearly all of the above operations and are
discharged to the sewerage system through a 9" Parshall flume. The flume
and its accompanying totalizer is calibrated quarterly with the most re-
cent calibration occurring in October 1976. The company collects daily
samples of the discharge by means of a Chicago automatic sampler which is
capable of taking flow proportioned samples. Company data for the months
of August and September are as follows:
Month Total Flow (million gal/mo.) BOD5 (mg/1) Avg TSS (mg/1)
Aug 76 73.7 1,600 530
Sept 76 81.0 1,730 660
Results—
Three consecutive 24-hour composite samples were collected from the
effluent vault (M-33) during October 18 through October 21. Samples were
128
-------
collected by means of an EPA automatic sampler programmed to take samples
at 15-mlnute intervals. Flows were determined by using the company's
Parshall flume and totalizer. Flows during the three' day sampling period
were 2.45, 2.58, and 2.96 mgd. Wastewater discharge loads given in Table
XL.were considered normal for this facility.
This facility contributed 18.4 percent of the BOD^, 16.4 percent of
the TSS, 5.2 percent of the TKN, 5.1.percent of the total phosphorus, 16.4
percent of the COD, and 4.2 percent of the oil and grease which discharged
into the WTP.. This plant was the major industrial contributor of BOD5
and TSS sampled during the study.
129
-------
TABLE XL
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
JOS SCHLITZ BREWING
MEMPHIS. TN
OCTOBER. 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
RESIDUE
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
M33
7610IB
0845
CO 761019
0845
2.450
1882.0
935
M33
761019
0850
28.0
6.1
M33
761019
0355
<0761020
0845
2.580
1932.0
910
M33
761020
0850
25.0
M33
761020
0850
(C)761021
0850
2.960
1432.0
810
M33
761021
0900
24.0
6.0
TOT KJEL
PHOS-TOT
COD
OIL-GHSE
N
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MG/L
MG/L P
MG/L
MG/L
M33
761016
0845
(C> 761019
0B4S
30.20
13.000
2766
M33
761019
0850
20.00
M33
761019
0855
(C)761020
0845
28.50
13.800
3023
M33
761020
0850
22.00
H33
761020
0850
<0761021
0850
2408
M33
761021
0900
26.00
CONDUIT
BOO
RESIDUE
TOT KJEL
PHOS-TOT
COD
OIL—GRSE
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
N
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M33
761018
0845
761019
0845
2.450
17453.9
8671
280.08
120.564
25652
M33
761019
0855
tC)761020
0845
2.580
18868.4
8887
278.34
134.774
29523
M33
761020
0850
IC)761021
0850
2.960
16045.1
9076
26981
* APPROXIMATION OF LOAD CCALCULATED W/AVG OF DAILY GRAB CONCENTRATIONS AND AVG OF DAILY FLOW)
-------
Frito Lay, Inc.—
Introduction—
The facility, located at 2070 Airways Boulevard, manufactures potato
and corn chips. Operation is continuous five days per week with 150 em-
ployees .
Potato chips are made by peeling, slicing, and frying raw potatoes in
oil. Corn chips are made by cooking raw corn, washing, grinding, extrud-
ing, and frying.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Wastewater results from potato cleaning, peeling and slicing, corn
washing and kernel dehusking, and daily and weekly cleanup operations.
About 15-20 percent of the city water supplied to the plant is lost in corn
chip production. Process wastewater flows through a sump prior to discharging
into the city sewage system. A septic tank service cleans the sump when
required. Ultimate disposal of the sludge and skimmings is unknown. Sani-
tary sewage discharges to the sewerage system via a separate line.
Results—
Three consecutive 24-hour composite samples were collected at 30-
minute intervals from the sump (M-38) during October 18 through 21, 1976.
Effluent flows were determined by reading the MLG&W water meter and sub-
tracting consumptive product loss (20 percent of water use) and sanitary uses.
Wastewater loadings (Table XLI) were determined from composite para-
meter concentrations and calculated flow during the sampling period. The
most recent water bill from MLG&W showed the monthly use to be 5,610,000
gallons for a four week period. This equates to about 255,000 gallons
131
-------
per day based on 22 work days per month. Raw water used during the sampling
period were 245,000 gallons, 256,000 gallons and 258,000 gallons for each
of the three days. Company personnel indicated that production was about
normal during the sampling period.
This discharger is a major contributor to the sewerage system. It
accounts for almost 2 percent of the COD load and 3.5 percent of the total
suspended solids discharged into the VJTP. The BOD5 contribution is about 0.6
percent. The TSS concentrations in the discharge (2500 mg/1) are roughly eight
times that In domestic sewage; the COD concentrations (4050 mg/1) are
about six times that of sewage; BOD^ concentrations (720 mg/1) are approxi-
mately three times that of sewage.
132
-------
TABLE XLI
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
FRITOLAY
MEMPHIS, TN
OCTOBER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
M38
761016
1415
24.0
9.4
M38
761018
1415
(C)761019
1430
0.196
733.0
3380
4535
M38
761019
1430
23.0
5.7
M38
761020
1*30
(C)761021
1415
0.205
666.0<
1780
3830
M38
761021
1415
21.0
6.9
M38
761021
1415
(C)761022
1400
0.207
766.0
2280
3790
»««»«•**•»»«»«••«««»«»«««««««»»«•»*««»*««««*«»»•«
LOADINGS
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGO
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M38
761018
1415
CC)761019
1430
0.196
1199.0
5529
7418
M38
761020
1430
(C)761021
1415
0.205
1139.4<
3045
6552
M38
761021
1415
(C)761022
1400
0.207
1323.2
3939
6547
CONDUIT
BOO
RESIDUE
COO
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL-
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M38
761018
1415
(C)761019
1430
0.196
543.8
2508
3365
M38
761020
1430
(C)761021
1415
0.205
516.8<
1381
2972
M38
761021
1415
(C)761022
1400
0.207
600.2
1787
2970
-------
General Cable Corp.—
Introduction—
The facility, located at 1278 Orgill Avenue, manufactures electrical
building wire. Operation is continuous five days per week with 27 employees
working each eight-hour shift (total employment of 81).
Raw materials used in the process are aluminum, copper, and plastic
(PVC). The process consists of extruding and twisting the aluminum or
copper and jacketing with PVC. After jacketing, the wire is spooled or
boxed for shipping.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes —
Air compressor cooling water, contact cooling water and sanitary
sewage are combined at a sump and discharged without pretreatment into
the city sewer. Scum which accumulates in the sump is disposed of as
trash.
Results—
Two consecutive 24-hour composite samples (30-minute collection in-
terval) were obtained at the company sump (M-39) during October 19 through
21, 1976. Flows were determined by reading the MLG&W water meter. Since
there are no consumptive losses, the raw water usage was assumed to be the
effluent wastewater flow.
Wastewater loadings (Table XLII) were determined from composite para-
meter concentrations and the MLG&W water meter readings. The most recent
water bill from MLG&W showed the monthly use to be 1.02 million gallons;
i.e., 46,400 gallons per day based on twenty-two production days
per month. Raw water readings for the sampling period were 57,000
134
-------
and 51,000 gallons per day. Company personnel indicated that production
was lower than normal but similar to recent months.
Since the flows are nearly representative of recent operating condi-
tions, the wastewater discharge was assumed to be representative of
existing conditions. The low pollutant concentrations and wastewater flows
at this facility relegate it to a minor contributor status.
135
-------
table xlii
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
GENERAL CABLE
MEMPHIS. TN
OCTOBER . 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
COD
OIL-GRSE
CHROMIUM
FLOW
TEMP
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
CR.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
UG/L
M39
761019
1100
25.0
6.6
M39
761019
1100
(C)761020
1100
0.057
40<
50<
M39
761020
1100
(C)761021
1030
0.051
40<
50<
M39
761020
1115
26.0
15.00
M39
761021
1030
25.0
6.5
12.00
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
ALUMINUM
CAOMIUM
ZN.T0T
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
NI.TOTAL
AL.TOT
CD.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
M39
761019
1100
M39
761019
1100
(C)761020
1100
144
22
80<
20<
100<
10<
H39
761020
1100
(0761021
1030
136
20
B0<
20<
100
10<
M39
761020
1115
M39
761021
1030
CONDUIT
COD
OIL-GRSE
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
FLOW
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
CR.TOT
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
station
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/O
LB/D
LB/D
M39
761019
1100
(C)761020
1100
0.057
19<
6*
0
0
0
M39
761020
1100
(C)761021
1030
0.051
17<
0
0
0
CONDUIT
LEAD
NICKEL
ALUMINUM
CADMIUM
FLOW
PBtTOT
NI.TOTAL
AL.TOT
CO.TOT
station
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M39
761019
1100
<0761020
1100
0.057
0
0
0
0
M39
761020
1100
tC)761021
1030
0.051
0
0
0
0
CONDUIT
COD
OIL-GRSE
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
FLOW
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
CR.TOT
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/0
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M39
761019
1100
tC)761020
1100
0.057
9<
0
0
0
M39
761020
1100
(CI 761021
1030
0.051
8<
0
0
0
CONDUIT
LEAD
NICKEL
ALUMINUM
CADMIUM
FLOW
PB.TOT
NI.TOTAL
AL.TOT
CD.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M39
761019
1100
< C}761020
1100
0.057
0
0
0 -
0
M39
761020
1100
-------
Gould, Inc.—
Introduction—
This facility, located at 2215 E. Person Street, manufactures lead
acid storage batteries. The plant operates two shifts per day, five days
per week, with an employment of approximately 100.
The process consists of casting the lead grids (for plates), pasting
and assembling plates into groups, placing groups into battery containers,
and strapping them together, covering the battery, flushing with acid and
final forming. About 0.9 gallons of water and about 0.6 gallons of sul-
furic acid are added to each battery.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Wastewater originates primarily from the washdown after plate pasting.
Wastewaters also originate from the rinsing of completed batteries before
packaging. Sanitary sewage from 100 employees contributes to the total
wastewater discharge.
Process wastewater is pretreated with lime bdfore it combines with
the sanitary sewage and is discharged into the sewerage system. A series
of seven basins with a pH probe at the beginning and end of the system is
used in the neutralization process. These basins also remove suspended
solids. Sludge is periodically pumped out by a septic tank service. Ul-
timate disposal of the sludge is unknown.
Results—
Two 24-hour composite samples were collected at 30-minute intervals
from the company manhole (M-40) on October 18 and 19, and on October 20
and 21, 1976. All process wastewater and sanitary sewage passes through
this point before discharging into the city sewerage system.
137
-------
Flows during the sampling period were estimated using the latest
MLG&W water bill. This was necessary since one of the two water meters
installed in series Indicated negative readings (i.e., the company ap-
peared to be giving water to MLG&W). The most recent monthly bill showed
Gould used 1.256 million gallons of water per month; this equates to
57,000 gallons per day (based on 22 work days per month).
The wastewater loads (Table XLIII) were calculated using composite
parameter concentrations and estimated daily flows. Production during
the sampling was reported to be typical by company personnel. Therefore,
the loads discharged during the study are considered to be representative.
The lead (16 mg/1) in the discharge is not specifically treatable by
the treatment process employed at the WTP. The dally quantity of lead
discharged by this facility constituted approximately 15 percent of the
lead discharged into the WTP. The quantity of other metals detected in
the discharge (zinc, copper, nickel, cadmium) were negligible.
138
-------
TABLE XL 111
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
GOULD INC.
MEMPHIS? TN
OCTOBER. 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
RESIDUE
CHROMIUM
ZINC
FLOW
TEMP
TOT NFLT
CR.TOT
ZN.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
su
MG/L
UG/L
UG/L
MOO
761018
1500
(C)761019
1450
0.057
74
50<
136
M40
761018
1505
25.0
10.7
M40
761019
1450
26.0
11.0
M40
761020
1500
(C> 761021
1530
0.057
50
50<
152
M40
761020
1530
24.0
5.9
M40
761021
1545
24.0
9.9
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
SULFATE
CU.TOT
PB.TOT"
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
S04-T0T
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
MG/L
M40
761018
1500
(C)761019
1450
124
13825
20
10<
550
M40
761018
1505
M40
761019
1450
M40
761020
1500
(C> 761021
1530
111
18750
40
10
4400
M40
761020
1530
M40
761021
1545
> LOADINGS «•«
CONDUIT
RESIDUE
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
FLOW
TOT NFLT
CR.TOT
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M40
761018
1500
(C)761019
1450
0.057
35
0-
0
0
M40
761020
1500
<0761021
1530
0.057
24
0
0
0
CONOUIT
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
SULFATE
FLOW
PB.TOT
NI* TOTAL
CD.TOT
S04-T0T
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M40
761018
1500
(C)761019
1450
0.057
7
0
0
262
M40
761020
1500
(C> 761021
1530
0.057
9
0
0
2093
CONDUIT
RESIDUE
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
FLOW
TOT NFLT
CR.TOT
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/O
M40
761018
1500
(C)761019
1450
0.057
16
0
0
0
M40
761020
1500
(0761021
1530
0.057
11
0
0
0
CONDUIT
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
SULFATE
FLOW
PB.TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
504—TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/O
KG/D
M40
761018
1500
(C)761019
1450
0.057
3
0
0
119
M4 0
761020
1500
(C)761021
1530
0.057
4
0
0
949
-------
High's Ice Cream Novelties, Inc.—
Introduction—
The High's plant, located at 1184 Severson Street, manufactures ice
cream novelties. About 40 employees work one shift per day, Tuesday
through Friday.
The manufacturing process consists of blending pasteurized ice cream
with flavoring, nuts, cones, cookies, etc., depending on the end product
desired. The process includes filling molds, freezing, defrosting, and
removal from molds. The manufacturing operation runs from 7:00 a.m. un-
til 3:00 p.m.; cleanup operations follow until 9:00 p.m.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
The primary source of wastewater is from cleaning pasteurization
equipment and floors during the cleanup period. Lesser volumes of water
are used to rinse molds during the manufacturing process. Cooling water
and sanitary wastewater are also discharged with process wastewater. All
wastewater is collected in a sump before it is discharged into the sewerage
system.
Results—
The wastewater discharged into the sump (M-41) was grab sampled in
front of the building on two consecutive days (October 19 and 20, 1976).
Four samples were collected the first day and three were collected on the
second day. Estimates of the flow into the sump were made with a bucket
and stopwatch each time a sample was collected.
The samples were composited proportioned to flow each day. Waste-
water loads (Table XLIV are based on composite parameter concentrations
140
-------
and the average of the individual wastewater flows determined at the time
of sample collection.
The most recent MLG&W water bill showed that the monthly consumption
j
was 1.3 million gallons or 72,500 gallons per day based on an 18-day work
month. Cooling water for the compressors is continuous, however, and there-
fore lowers the daily average below the 72,500 gallons. Flows during the
sampling period (average of the individual grab flow measurements) were
94,000 gallons one day and 62,600 gallons the second day. The flows mea-
sured during sampling periods were indicative of only the grab sampling,
and were not representative of normal continuous discharges during the
week. Company personnel stated that operation was normal during the samp-
ling period. Therefore, the wastewater loads discharged (Table XLIV) should
be considered as peak daily loads and not representative of the continuous
discharge. The untreated wastewater contained high BODj (780 mg/1) and COD
(1,350 mg/1) concentrations. The TSS concentration was low (75 mg/1). This
facility contributed about 0.25 percent of the BOD5, and COD loads into the
WTP and was considered to be a minor contributor to the sewerage system.
141
-------
TABLE XLIV
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
HIGHS ICE CREAM
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
M41
761019
0825
20.0
7.0
M41
761019
0825
(C)761019
1630
0.094
632.0
78
1174
M41
761019
1030
24.0
6.9
M41
761019
1410
24.0
6.8
M41
761020
0815
23.5
7.2
M41
761020
0815
(C)761020
1630
0.063
932.0
80
1538
M41
761020
1100
20.0
7.9
M41
761020
1630
18.0
7.8
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M41
761019
0825
(C)761019
1630
0.094
495.8
61
921
M41
761020
0815
(C)761020
1630
0.063
490.0
42
809
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M41
761019
0825
(C)761019
1630
0.094
224.9
28
418
M41
761020
0815
(C)761020
1630
0.063
222.3
19
367
-------
Hunter Fan and Ventilating Company—
Introduction—
The Hunter plant, located at 2500 Frisco Avenue, manufactures electric
fans, motors, and electric heaters. The facility operates two shifts per
day, five days a week. Total employment is about 30.0 people. The manufacturing
operation consists of complete fabrication of all components from strip steel
plus assemblage of motors, heaters, fans, etc.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Wastewaters are derived from cooling water, sanitary use, four spray
booths, and overflow from three and five stage washers using caustic solu-
tions. All wastewaters are discharged without pretreatment to the city
sewer system. Sanitary wastewater is discharged separately.
Results—
Composite samples of process wastewater and cooling water were collec-
ted at 30-minute intervals on two consecutive days (October 20 and 21, 1976)
from the manhole (M-42) in front of the building. Wastewater flows were
obtained by daily MLG&W water meter readings minus the estimated volume of
sanitary wastewater.
Wastewater loads (Table XLV) were determined from composite parameter
concentrations and the calculated flow during the sampling period. The
most recent water bill from MLG&W showed', the monthly use to be 2,199,868
gallons, or 99,000 gpd based on a five day work, week (twenty-two workday
month). Raw water uses during the sampling period were 92,000 gpd and
94,000 gpd. Company personnel indicated that production was slightly(
lower than normal and thus may account for the lower than average water use.
143
-------
Since the flows are nearly representative of normal operating conditions,
and since the operation was considered essentially normal by company person-
nel, the wastewater discharge is assumed to be representative of normal op-
erating conditions.
Except for the 579 mg/1 of oil and grease in the discharge on one day
(grab sample on October 21, 1976) this facility was considered a minor waste-
water contributor to the sewerage system.
144
-------
TABLE XLV
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
HUNTER FAN & VENTILATING
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBER* 1976
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
CONDUIT
FLOW
MGD
WATER
TEMP
CENT
PH
SU
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
COD
HI LEVEL
MG/L
OIL-GRSE
FREON-GR
MG/L
M42
M42
M42
M42
M42
761020
761021
0900
0900
(C)761020
761020
(C)761021
761021
761022
2300
0915
2300
0915
0900
0.061
0.083
25.0
27.0
6.8
6.800
7.400
40<
40<
12.00
579.00
~ LOADINGS »»»
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
CONDUIT
FLOW
MGD
PHOS-TOT
LB/D
COD
HI LEVEL
LB/D
OIL-GRSE
FREON-GR
LB/D
M42
M42
761020
761021
0900
0900
(C)761020
(C)761021
2300
2300
0.081
0.083
4.597
5.126
27<
28<
194*
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
CONDUIT
FLOW
MGD
PHOS-TOT
KG/D
COD
HI LEVEL
KG/D
OIL-GRSE
FREON-GR
KG/D
M42
M42
761020
761021
0900
0900
(C)761020
(C)761021
2300
2300
0.081
0.083
2.085
2.325
12<
13<
* APPROXIMATION OF LOADS (CALCULATED BY USING GRAB CONCENTRATIONS AND AVERAGE OF DAILY FLOWS)
-------
Hunt Wesson Foods, Incorporated—
Introduction—
Hunt Wesson, located at 3151 Williams Avenue, manufactures vegetable
oils. During the week, operation is continuous with a total three-shift
employment of 200. On weekends, ten to twelve people work during each shift.
The manufacturing process consists of producing vegetable oils from
soybean and cotton oils through refining, bleaching, hydrogenation, win-
terization, and deodorization steps.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
The main source of wastewater is from the deodorization procedure, with
lesser volumes from refining and other manufacturing steps. Pretreatment
consists of floatation and sedimentation followed by neutralization. The
mixture of acid and alkaline wastewaters results in a slightly acidic waste,
which is ultimately neutralized with caustic or ammonia before being dis-
charged into the sewerage system.
Floatables are sold as cattle feed ingredients; sludge is dredged about
once each year and deposited in landfills. Sanitary wastewater is discharged
into the sewer.
Results—
Three consecutive 24-hour composites were collected at 30-minute in-
tervals from the pretreatment system effluent from October 18 through 21,
1976 (M-43). Flows were determined using the company's six-inch Parshall
flume.
Wastewater loads (Table XLVI) were determined from composite parameter
concentrations and Parshall flume readings. Normal daily effluent waste-
water flow ranges from 1.5-2 mgd, and this is consistent with flows deter-
146
-------
mined during the sampling period. Since the effluent flows were represen-
tative of normal operating conditions, and since the operation was considered
normal by company personnel, the wastewater discharge is assumed to be rep-
presentative of normal operating conditions.
This discharger was a significant source of BOD^, COD, and oil and
grease discharged into the WTP. It accounted for six percent of the BOD^
and four percent of the COD during this study period. The oil and grease
concentrations ranged from 295 mg/1 to 2,233 mg/1. The high oil and grease
concentration (606 mg/1) measured at the WTP influent on October 21, 1976
may have been from the Hunt Wesson plant.
147
-------
TABLE XLVI
ANALYTICAL KLSULTS ANO WASTEWATER LOADINGS
HUNT WESSON
MEMPHIS« TN
OCTOBER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
PHENOLS
RESIDUE
PHOS-TOT -
COD
FLOW
TEHP
5 DAY
TOTAL
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGU
CENT
SU
HG/L
UG/L
MG/L
MG/L P
MG/L
M*3
761016
0945
1.670
26.0
1.9
MO
761016
0945
(C»761019
09*5
1.470
370.0
218
2.600
492
M4 3
761019
09*5
1 .870
270
M*3
761019
0950
30.0
6.4
M*3
761019
1000
(C> 761020
0930
1 .550
860.0
25
6*300
1250
M43
761020
0930
1.870
25.0
5*6
105
M43
761020
0*30
(O761021
0930
1.470
1998.0>
580
4.150
1823
MO
761021
0930
1 .870
27.0
9.8
175
OlL-GHSE
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
sulfate
FMEON-GR
CH» TOT
ZNt TOT
CU.TOT
PBtTOT
NI,TOTAL
CO* TOT
SO4-T0T
STATION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
HG/L
MO
761018
0945
MO
761016
09»S
<0761019
094b
50<
48
20
80<
69
10<
120
MO
761019
0945
295.00
MO
761019
0950
MO
761019
luOO
(C>761020
0930
50<
58
32
80
87
10<
130
mO
761020
0930
620.00
MO
761020
uvjo
(O761021
0930
50<
29
40
80<
47
10<
110
MO
761021
0930
2233.00
LOADING*
CONDUIT
BOD'
PHENOLS
RESIDUE
PHOS-TOT
COD
OIL-GRSE
CHROMIUM
FLOW
5 DAY
TOTAL
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
CR» TOT
STATION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
HUD
LB/0
LB/D
LB/0
LB/D
LB/0
LB/D
LB/D
MO
761018
0945
1 .870
MO
761018
0945
1019
0945
1.470
4539.0
2674
31.896
6036
1<
MO
761019
0945
1.870
4
4603.66
MO
761019
1 uOO
(O761020
0930
1 .550
11124.3
323
81.492
16169
1<
MO
761020
0930
1 .870
2
9675.54
MO
761020
0*30
(0761021
0930
1.470
2*510.6>
7115
50.910
22364
1<
MO
761021
0930
1 .870
3
34847.52
CONDUIT
ZINC
COPPEw
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
SULFATE
FLOW
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
PB» TOT
N1»TOTAL
CD* TOT
. S04-T0T
STAT ION
DATE
T I ME
DATE
TIME
HGD
LB/D
Ld/D
Ld/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
MO
761018
0945
1 .870
MO
761018
0945
(C >761019
0945
1.470
1
0
1<
1
0
1472
HO
761019
0945
J .670
HO
761019
luOO
(C> 761020
0930
] .550
1
0
1
1
0
1682
MO
761020
0930
1 .070
MO
761020
0*30
(0761021
0930
1.470
0
0
1<
1
0
1349
MO
761021
0930
1.870
CUNDUIT
BOl)
PHENOLS
RESIDUE
PHOS-TOT
COD
OIL-GRSE
CHROMIUM
FLOW
5 DAY
TOTAL
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
CR* TOT
STAT ION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGO
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/0
KG/0
KG/D
KG/D
MO
7b1018
0945
.. 1.870
MO
761016
0945
(O 761019
0945
1.470
2058.9
1213
14.468
2738
0<
MA 3
761019
0945
1.870
2
2088.20
MO
761019
1000
(O 761020
0930
I .550
5045.9
147
36.964
7334
0<
MO
761020
0930
1.870
1
4388.75
MO
761020
0930
(0761021
0930
1 .470
11117.8>
3227
23.093
10144
0<
MO
761021
0930
1 .870
1
15806.58
CONDUIT
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
SULFATE
f- LOW
ZN»TOT
cu»tot
PBtTOT
NI~TOTAL
CO.TOT
S04-T0T
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
HGD
KG/D
KG/0
KG/D
KG/0
KG/D
KG/D
mO
761018
0945
1.670
MO
761016
09*5
(O 761019
0945
1 .470
0
0
0
0
0
668
MO
761019
094S
1 .870
MO
761019
1000
(O 761020
0930
1 .550
0
0
0
1
0
763
mO
761020
0930
1.670
M43
761020
0930
(C)761021
0930
1.470
0
0
0
0
0
612
mO
761021
0930
1 .870
-------
Kellogg Company—
Introduction—
The Kellogg plant, located at 2168 Frisco Street, manufactures "ready-
to-eat" cereals. Operation is continuous during three shifts per day, six
days per week, with a total employment of 600 people.
Raw rice, grains, corn, and bran are steam cooked, dried, milled, re-
cooked (dry), coated, and packaged.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
The primary source of wastewater is water and steam from cereal cookers
and from cleanup during the day and at the end of each shift. This waste-
water is pretreated using screens prior to discharge into the sewerage sys-
tem; screenings are sold as animal feed. Sanitary wastewater is also dis-
charged into the sewerage system along with the process wastewater. All
wastewaters pass through a common manhole before discharge. Cooling water
(about 0.4 mgd) is discharged separately into a storm sewer. The company
has an NPDES permit for this discharge. At the present time, the company
uses a well exclusively for water supply; however, they do have a MLG&W
connection available.
Results—
Four consecutive 24-hour composite samples (October 18 through 22,
1976) were collected at 30-minute intervals from the manhole immediately
upstream from the company's metering vault (M-44). Flows were determined
by using the company's six-inch magnetic flowmeter. Wastewater loadings
(Table XLVII) were calculated from composite parameter concentrations and
the flow data from the magnetic flowmeter.
149
-------
Flows obtained during the sampling period were typical of normal flows as
determined over the past few months. Since the operation was considered
normal during the study period, the loads should be considered representa-
tive of typical operations.
This discharger is a significant contributor to the sewerage system since
it accounted for three percent of the BOD^, two percent of the TSS, and almost
four percent of the COD discharged into the WTP. The BOD^ and COD concentra-
tions in the discharge averaged about five times that of a typical domestic
sewage (1,560 mg/1 and 3,110 mg/1, respectively).
150
-------
TABLE XLVII
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
KELLOGG
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBERt 1976
STATION DATE TIME
M44
M44
M44
M44
M44
M44
M44
M44
M44
761018
761019
DATE TIME
0B30
0900
761020 0B30
761021 0900
761018
(C)761019
(C)761020
761019
761020
(C)761021
761021
(C)761022
761022
0820
0830
0830
0915
0830
0855
0815
0900
0900
CONDUIT
FLOW
MGD
0.552
0.507
0.537
0.564
WATER
TEMP
CENT
26.5
28.0
23.0
20.0
21.5
LOADINGS *
PH
SU
6.3
6.1
5.9
6.0
7.8
BOD
5 DAY
MG/L
1199.0
1498.0
2299.0
1265.0
RESIDUE
TOT NFLT
MG/L
350
745
610
490
COD
HI LEVEL
MG/L
2640
3326
3064
3427
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M44
761018
0830
(C)761019
0830
0.552
5523.3
1612
12161
M44
761019
0900
(C)761020
0830
0.507
6338.1
3152
14073
M44
761020
0830
(C)761021
0855
0.537
10302.6
2734
13731
M44
761021
0900
(C)761022
0900
0.564
5954.0
2306
16130
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M44
761018
0830
(C)761019
0830
0.552
2505.3
731
5516
M44
761019
0900
(C)761020
0830
0.507
2874.9
1430
6383
M44
761020
0830
(C)761021
0855
0.537
4673.3
1240
6228
M44
761021
0900
(C)761022
0900
0.564
2700.7
1046
7316
-------
The Kroger Company—
Introduction—
The Kroger facilities, located at 2330 Frisco Street, include an
office complex, warehouse, distribution center, truck maintenance garage
and meat processing plant. Only the meat processing plant was investi-
gated during the study. This plant employs about 50 people and operates
two eight-hour shifts a day, six days per week.
The operation consists of cutting animal quarters into "saw-ready-
cuts" \rtiich are then shipped to retail stores for final cutting. No
slaughtering or quartering operations are performed at this plant. The
cutting operation is conducted during the first shift, while the second
shift is devoted to cleanup operations.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
The primary source of wastewater is the cleanup operation during
the second shift and it accounts for the greatest volume of flow from
the meat plant. Wastewater during the first shift is from wash water
used during the cutting operation. Sanitary wastewater is discharged
with the process waste.
Two grease traps in series remove floatable solids. When required,
the traps are cleaned by a septic tank service company. Ultimate dis-
posal of the sludge and scum is unknown. Meat plant wastewaters flow
via a lift station to an in-plant sewer that also receives wastes from the
other operations in the Kroger complex.
Results—
To distinguish between the cutting operation (first shift) and
152
-------
cleanup (second shift) , two separate composite samples were taken each day.
One composite sample was taken during each shift for two consecutive days
(October 19 and 20, 1976) from the lift station discharge (M-45) . These
composite samples were collected at 30-minute intervals. Flow volumes were
determined using the meat plant's water meter. Since there were no consump-
tive losses, the raw water used was assumed to be discharged.
Wastewater loads (Table XLVIII) were calculated using composite parameter
concentrations and the meat plant's flow volumes. Company personnel indica-
ted that operations were normal during the investigation, and thus the dis-
charges are assumed to be representative.
There was no appreciable difference in wastewater constituent concen-
trations between the cutting and cleanup operations. However, slightly
greater quantities of water were used during the cleanup operation. The
low concentrations of pollutants detected, along with low flow volumes,
relegate this discharge to a minor contributor status.
153
-------
TABLE XLVIII
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
KROGER
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
M45A
761018
1605
26.0
6.6
M45A
761019
0900
<0 761019
1530
O.OOS
193.0
90
393
M45A
761019
1530
24.0
7.2
M45A
761019
1545
22.00
M45A
761020
0700
(C> 761020
1530
0.008
90.0
20
100
M45A
761020
1530
15.0
7.3
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M45A
761019
0900
(C)761019
1530
0.005
8.1
4
16
1.2*
M45A
761020
0700
(C)761020
1530
0.008
6.0
1
• 7
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGO
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M4SA
761019
0900
761019
1530
O.OOS
3.7
2
7
M45A
761020
0700
(C)761020
1530
0.008
2.7
1
3
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
MGD
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
M45B
761019
1530
(C> 761019
2100
0.008
185.0
40
330
M45B
761020
1530
(C)761020
2130
0.009
163.0
60
347
««»»«*«««eaoooo»o«»ooooo«oaoeo»o«»o»«
LOADINGS
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/O
LB/D
M45B
761019
1530
(C)761019
2100
0.008
12.4
3
22
M45B
761020
1530
(C)761020
2130
0.009
12.2
5
26
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGO
KG/D
KG/0
KG/D
M45B
761019
1530
(C)761019
2100
0.008
5.6
1
10
M45B
761020
1530
(C)761020
2130
0.009
5.6
2
12
* APPROXIMATION OF LOAD (CALCULATED BY
USING GRAB CONCENTRATIONS AND AVERAGE
DAILY FLOW)
-------
Memphis Furniture Company—
Introduction—
The Memphis Furniture Company, located on Frisco Street, produces
wood furniture. About 160 employees work at the plant, one shift per day.
The facility is classified as a wood-working case goods plant. Raw
wood is worked into finished wooden bedroom furniture including chests,
dressers, beds, etc. Finishing or painting of the furniture at spray
booths is the final production process.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Sanitary sewage and batch discharges from nine paint spray booths
make up the wastewater discharge from this facility. These booths are
arranged in sets of three, with wastewater from each set discharging into
separate sumps before subsequent discharge into the sewerage system. Only
one booth is cleaned each day, allowing a nine-day recycle time between
cleanings.
The only treatment provided is the collection of scum in the sumps,
and periodic sump cleaning by septic tank cleaning services. Ultimate
disposal of the sludge is unknown. Sanitary sewage is discharged into the
city sewer separately.
Results—
Composite samples were collected at two to five minute intervals on
two consecutive days (October 20 and 21) during spray booth draining
operations. The samples were collected directly from the lines draining
into one of the three sumps (M-46). Flows were determined each day from
the spray booth volumes.
155
-------
The operation was considered normal by company personnel during the
study; therefore, these batch dumps were considered representative of the
normal wastewater discharge. The wastewater contained low concentrations
of zinc, copper, and lead (Table XLIX). These low concentrations, coupled
with a very low flow of 500 gallons per day, makes this discharge a minor
contributor of wastewater into the sewerage system.
156
-------
TABLE XL IX
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
MEMPHIS FURNITURE
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBERf 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
TEMP
5 OAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
M46
761020
1500
(C)761020
1530
0.000
255
M46
761020
1510
15.0
6.5
M46
761021
1500
(O 761021
1530
0.000
666.0<
1370
1052
M46
761021
1510
18.0
8.2
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
CRtTOT
ZNtTOT
CUtTOT
PBtTOT
NItTOTAL
COtTOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
M46
761020
1500
(0761020
1530
50<
390
103
80<
20<
10<
M46
761020
1510
M46
761021
1500
(O 761021
1530
50<
400
27
310
10<
10<
M46
761021
1510
CONOUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
CHROMIUM
ZINC
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CR.TOT
ZNtTOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
L8/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
H46
761020
1500
(0761020
1530
0.000
1
0
0
M46
761021
1500
(O761021
1530
0.000
2.8<
6
4
0
0
CONDUIT
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
FLOW
CUtTOT
PBtTOT
NItTOTAL
CDtTOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGO
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M46
761020
1500
(0761020
1530
0.000
0
0
0
0
M46
761021
1500
<0 761021
1530
0.000
0
0
0
0
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
CHROMIUM
ZINC
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CRtTOT
ZNtTOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGO
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
H46
761020
1500
(0761020
1530
0.000
0
0
0
M46
761021
1500
(0 761021
1530
0.000
1.3«
3
2
0
0
CONDUIT
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
FLOW
CUtTOT
PBtTOT
NItTOTAL
CDtTOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/0
KG/D
M46
761020
1500
(C)761020
1530
0.000
0
0
0
0
M46
761021
1500
(0 761021
1530
0.000
0
0
0
0
-------
Midwest Farms—
Introduction—
The Midwest Farms Plant, located at 1039 South Bellevue Street,
bottles milk, milk products, and orange juice. Operation is continuous
five to six days per week, with a total employment of 25 to 30 people.
The operation consists of standardizing, pasteurizing and bottling
raw milk (delivered by truck). Buttermilk and chocolate milk are also
produced. Reconstituted orange juice is the only product to which water
is added. However, this consumptive use is negligible when compared to
the total water consumption of this facility.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
The primary source of wastewater is from cleanup with almost a
negligible volume from sanitary sources. All wastewater is combined in a
sump in the building before discharge without pretreatment into the city
sewerage system.
Results—
Two consecutive 24-hour composite samples, collected at 30-minute
intervals, were obtained from the sump in the building (M-47) from October
18 through 20, 1976. Discharge flow volumes were determined from daily
readings of the MLG&W water meter. Consumptive loss in the product was
considered to be negligible. Wastewater loadings (Table L) were determined
from composite parameter concentrations and MLG&W meter flows.
The most recent water bill from MLG&W showed the monthly use to be
1,403,996 gallons. This represents about 70,200 gallons per day based on
20 working days per month. Raw water usage during the sampling period was
158
-------
48,600 gallons per day and 42,600 gallons per day, respectively. Company
personnel Indicated that production was about normal; however, lower than
normal wastewater flows do not reflect this. Loads discharged during the
study period were considered lower than normal and not representative of
typical discharge.
The untreated wastewater contained high concentrations of BOD5
(1,030 mg/1), and COD (1,650 mg/1). The TSS concentrations were only
slightly greater than domestic sewage (390 mg/1). The facility
contributed less than 0.2 percent of the total BOD^, COD and TSS into
the WTP and was considered a minor discharger to the sewerage system.
159
-------
TABLE L
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
MIDWEST FARMS
MEMPHIS. TN
OCTOBER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
M47
761018
10S5
co
.
-------
Crown-Zellerbach Corporation—
Introduction—
Crown-Zellerbach is a corrugated box manufacturer located at 611
Winchester Road. The facility employs 55 people in a five day per week,
16-hour per day operation.
The process .consists of corrugating (molding and gluing) kraft paper
into sheets (cardboard) and pressing the sheets (cutting and scoring) with
an optional box construction phase (stitch gluing or pasting).
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Wastewaters are generated at three sites: (1) rinse waters used in
the pressing department; (2) process water used in the corrugating depart-
ment; and (3) cleanup water used in the glue mixing department.
Pretreatment consists of a dual chamber tank. The first chamber is
a grease sump, the second chamber is a settling tank. Sludge is periodi-
cally pumped out by a septic tank service; ultimate disposal is not known.
Domestic wastewaters are discharged from separate lines directly into the
city sewerage system.
Results—
Plant wastewater was sampled at the cleanout just downstream from
the pretreatment tank. The site (M-51) was sampled for 14-hour periods
at 30-minute intervals on two consecutive days. Flowrates were determined
from daily MLG&W water meter readings minus daily domestic consumption.
Discharge flows used in the loading analyses were 21,605 gpd during the
period of October 19 through 20, 1976; and 21,827 gpd during the period of
October 20 through 21, 1976.
161
-------
Company records Indicate an average monthly usage of 61,666 cubic feet
of water based on the last three months. This equates to a daily water
usage of 21,450 gpd and a discharge (usage less sanitary flow) to the sewer
of 19,804 gpd. Operation during the sampling period was considered normal
by company personnel. Analytical results are presented in Table LI. This
facility was considered a minor discharger.
162
-------
TABLE LI
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
CROWN ZELLERBACH
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBER* 1976
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
CONDUIT
FLOW
MGD
WATER
TEMP
CENT
PH
SU
BOD
5 DAY
MG/L
RESIDUE COD
TOT NFLT HI LEVEL
MG/L MG/L
M51
M51
M51
M51
761019
761020
0710
0715
(0761019
(C)761020
761020
761021
2400
2400
0723
0815
0.022
0.022
18.0
19.0
9.0
5.9
130.0
120.0
46 131
145 252
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
CONDUIT
FLOW
MGD
BOD
5 DAY
LB/D
RESIDUE
TOT NFLT
LB/D
COD
HI LEVEL
LB/D
M51
M51
761019
761020
0710
0715
(C> 761019
(C)761020
2400
2400
0.022
0.022
23.4
21.8
8
26
24
46
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
CONDUIT
FLOW
MGD
BOD
5 DAY
KG/D
RESIDUE
TOT NFLT
KG/D
COD
HI LEVEL
KG/D
M51
M51
761019
761020
0710
0715
(C)761019
(C)761020
2400
2400
0.022
0.022
10.6
9.9
4
12
11
21
-------
Klinke Brothers Ice Cream Company—
Introduction—
The Klinke Brothers plant, located at 2450 Scaper Street, produces
ice cream during one ten-hour production shift per day, five days per
week. Approximately 20 office and production people are employed at the
plant.
The basic process consists of blending sweet cream and ice cream with
flavorings, sugar, and a stabilizer. The mixture is then pasteurized, homo-
genized, packaged, and frozen.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
The majority of the wastewater flow is from cleanup operations between
batches during production periods and end of the day cleanup. Sanitary sew-
age is also discharged. All wastewaters combine at a sump before they are
discharged into the city sewerage system. When required, a septic tank
service cleans the sump. Ultimate disposal of the sludge and scum Is un-
known.
Results—
Two eleven-hour composite samples, with allquots collected at 30-
minute Intervals, were obtained for two sampling periods (October 19 and
20, 1976) from the sump (M-56). Discharge volumes were determined from
dally readings of the MLG&W water meters. There is no consumptive loss
in the operation; thus, the raw water volume was assumed to be equal to
the discharge volume. The wastewater loads (Table LII) were determined
from composite parameter concentrations and MLG&W meter readings.
The most recent water bill showed the monthly use to be about 292,000
gallons; i.e., 13,300 gallons per day based on 22 work days per month.
164
-------
During the sampling period, the flow was 8,000 gallons the first day and
11,000 gallons the second day.
Company personnel indicated that operations were normal. Lower than
normal water usage during the study period was probably due to less ice
cream demand during the cooler weather. Therefore, the loads discharged
are considered to be representative for the time of year samples were
collected.
The untreated wastewater contained high concentrations of BOD^ (3,200
mg/1), COD (5,979 mg/1) and TSS (1,260 mg/1). However, it accounted for
only about 0.1 percent of BOD^, COD, and TSS loads discharged into the WTP,
and was considered to be a minor discharger.
165
-------
TABLE LII
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
KLINKE BROS. ICE CREAM
MEMPHIS * TN
OCTOBER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
RESIDUE COD
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L MG/L
M56
761019
0830
22.0
6.9
M56
761019
0830
(O 761019
2100
0.006
3600.0
1160 5364
M56
761020
0630
(C)761020
2115
0.011
2800.0
1365 6587
M56
761020
0640
21.0
6.8
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI level
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M56
761019
0830
(C)761019
2100
0.008
240.3
77
358
M56
761020
0630
(0761020
2115
0.011
257.0
125
605
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M56
761019
0830
(C)761019
2100
0.008
109.0
35
162
M56
761020
0630
(C)761020
2115
0.011
116.6
57
274
-------
Keathleys—
Introduction—
Keathleys, a division of Fairmont Foods, is a bakery located at
965 Philadelphia Street. About 100 people are employed in a three-shift
operation four to five days per week.
Brownies, pecan pies and cakes are the principal products of this
bakery. The first shift has three bake lines; the second shift has one
line; the third shift is devoted to cleanup.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Wastewater, primarily derived from cleanup operations and sanitary
sewage, is conveyed into a sump in the building before discharging into
the sewerage system. Floatable solids and sludge which remain in the
sump are removed, when warranted, by a septic tank cleanout service.
Ultimate disposal of these solids by this service is not known.
Results—
Three consecutive 24-hour composite samples (October 18 through 21,
1976) were collected at 30-minute intervals from the sump (M-67). Waste-
water flow was to be determined by reading the thriee MLG&W water meters
and subtracting consumptive product loss. However, one of three meters
was Inoperative, and the actual volume was not determined in the field.
Instead, the average flow for the past four months was determined from
MLG&W water bills and assumed to be the flow for the sampling period.
Therefore, the wastewater loads (Table LIII) are based on composite para-
meter concentrations and average flows, and may not be representative of
normal operating conditions. The MLG&W meter should be repaired so
accurate flow measurements can be made.
167
-------
The BODj., TSS, and COD concentrations were high (1,100 mg/1, 920
mg/1, and 3,740 mg/1, respectively). However, the facility contributed
less than 0.2 percent of the total load into the WTP.
168
-------
TABLE LI 11
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
KEATHLEY INC.
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
station
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
M67
761010
1200
(C)761019
1150
0.024
1100.0>
395
2842
M67
761018
1205
25.0
4.4
M67
761019
1150
24.0
5.4
M67
761019
1200
(C)761020
1140
0.024
1100.0>
630
3326
M67
761020
1140
21.5
4.6
M67
761020
1U0
(C)761021
1115
0.024
1100.0>
1735
5060
M67
761021
1115
23.0
4.3
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M67
761018
1200
(C)761019
1150
0.024
220.3>
79
569
M67
761019
1200
(C)761020
1140
0.024
220.3>
126
666
M67
761020
1U0
(C)761021
1115
0.024
220.3>
347
1013
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M67
761018
1200
(C)761019
1150
0.024
99.9>
36
258
M67
761019
1200
(C)761020
1140
0.024
99.9>
57
302
M67
761020
1140
158
460
-------
J. Strickland and Company—
Introduction—
The facility, located at 1400 Ragan Street, manufactures hair prepara-
tions. The plant operates one eight-hour shift per day, five days per week.
About 60 people are employed, with 30 working in the manufacturing operation
and 30 office personnel.
The process consists of heating and blending petroleum jelly with per-
fumes and oils to produce a finished product which is then packaged. Heat
is necessary to completely blend all ingredients with the petroleum jelly.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
The primary source of wastewater is from kettle cleanout between pro-
duct batches. The cleaning process consists of washing the kettles with
steam, soapy water, and then rinsing. Cooling water and sanitary sewage
are combined with the process wastewater discharge. No pretreatment is
provided.
Results—
Two eight-hour composite samples of the combined discharge were col-
lected at 30-minute intervals for two consecutive days (October 20 and 21,
1976) from a sewer cleanout inside the building (M-71). Flow was deter-
mined using the MLG&W water meter. Negligible water is used in the product;
therefore, the city water usage was assumed to equal the wastewater dis-
charged. Wastewater loads (Table LIV) were determined from composite para-
meter concentrations and the flows from MLG&W water meter readings. The
most recent water bill from MLG&W showed the monthly use to be about 350,000
gallons, i.e., 15,700 gallons per day based on 22 workdays per month. Raw
170
-------
water used during the sampling period was 8,400 gallons the first day
and 11,000 gallons the second day. Lower than normal flows during the
sampling period indicate that production may have been less than normal.
Therefore, the discharge during the study period should be considered
less than normal and not representative of the typical discharge.
The BOD^ and COD concentrations during the first sampling period were
high (>600 and 1,^57 mg/1, respectively). However, the loads discharged
that day were only 40 and 97 lbs/day, respectively. The low flows dis-
charged and the absence of toxic substances in the wastewater classify the
facility as a minor contributor.
171
-------
table liv
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
J. STRICKLAND
MEMPHIS• TN
OCTOBER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MOD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
M71
761020
0830
(C)761020
1630
0.008
600.0>
1457
M71
761020
0845
22.0
7.0
M71
761021
0800
761021
1630
0.011
121.0
343
M71
761021
0815
45.0
35.00
M71
761022
0840
50.5
6.8
CONDUIT
BOD
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
5 DAY
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M71
761020
0830
(C)761020
1630
0.008
40.1>
97
2.8*
M71
761021
0800
(C)761021
1630
0.011
11.1
31
CONDUIT
BOD
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
5 DAY
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M71
761020
0830
(C)761020
1630
0.008
18. 2>
44
M71
761021
0800
(C)761021
1630
0.011
5.0
14
* APPROXIMATION OF LOADS (CALCULATED BY USING GRAB CONCENTRATIONS AND AVERAGE DAILY FLOW)
-------
Pro-Serv, Incorporated—
Introduction—
Pro-Serv is a herbicide manufacturer located at 400 East Brooks
Road. The work force consists of 18 people who are engaged In a five
day per week, 24-hour per day operation.
The facility formulates raw chemicals Into herbicide powders, pel-
lets, and granules. Ramrod 65, Prometon, and ramrod 65 with atrazlne
make up the product line.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Wastewaters are derived from runoff In and around the Immediate
processing building. Runoff is channeled to sump pumps (north and
south) located on either side of the structure. From the sumps, waste-
waters are pumped to a common 16,000 gallon holding tank. When the tank
volume reaches approximately 13,000 gallons, the contents are analyzed.
The analytical results are submitted to the WTP personnel for approval
to batch dump the contents.
Results—
Sampling consisted of two grab samples collected from the tank (site
M-73) and composited on October 19, 1976. The tank contents are dis-
charged to the city sewer system at an approximate rate of once every
two months. Plant personnel stated that the tank may have a detectable
concentration of chlordane due to a past accident. Company personnel
indicated that plant operation during the study was normal. Analytical
results are presented In Table LV.
173
-------
This facility is classified as a major discharger due to the toxic
organic compounds detected. Trichloroethylene, toluene, ethyl benzene,
methylene chloride, and chlordane, which were detected in the tank contents,
are all on EPA's Consent Decree: "65 Toxic Chemicals List." The chlordane
concentration was 500 mg/1; however, this compound is no longer in use, and
its detection was expected because of a past spill. In addition, ramrod was
detected at a concentration of 14,000 mg/1.
174
-------
TABLE LV
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
PRO SERV
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBER. 1976
CONDUIT RESIDUE COD
FLOW TOT NFLT HI LEVEL
STATION DATE TIME DATE TIME MGD MG/L MG/L
M73 761021 1110 761021 1500 0.013 3339 0905
»««»«*»«»»«« LOADINGS
CONDUIT RESIDUE COO
FLOW TOT NFLT HI LEVEL
STATION DATE TIME DATE TIME MGD LB/D LB/D
M73 761021 1110 (0761021 1500 0.013 362 966
CONDUIT RESIDUE COD
FLOW TOT NFLT HI LEVEL
STATION DATE TIME DATE TIME MGD KG/D KG/D
M73 761021 1110 761021 1500 0.013 164 438
-------
PRESIDENTS ISLAND BASIN
-------
Cargill, Incorporated—
Introduction—
Cargill, located at 1877 Channel Avenue on Presidents Island, manu-
factures soybean meal and soybean oil. The facility operates continuously
with a total employment of 80 persons.
The process consists of solvent extraction of soybeans. Production
steps include cracking soybeans, heating, flaking, extracting, drying
and grinding of meal, and storage.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
The primary source of wastewater is the continuous boiler blowdown.
Wastewater from skimming pits, steam condensation, spillage, and sanitary
sewage are discharged with process wastewater. All wastewaters are dis-
charged into the city sewerage system without treatment. Cooling water
is discharged to McKellar Lake. The company has an NPDES permit for this
discharge.
Results—
Three consecutive 24-hour composite samples collected at 30-minute
intervals were obtained at the manhole (M-80) in front of the mill office
building from October 25 through 28. Flows were obtained by daily readings
of the MLG&W water meter minus estimated consumptive uses. The consumptive
water use consists of approximately thirty percent of incoming flow and in-
cludes waters in the soybean meal and waters exhausted to the atmosphere.
Cooling water is obtained from deep wells.
Wastewater loads (Table LVI) were determined from composite parameter
concentrations and the calculated flow during the inspection period. The
176
-------
most recent water bill from MLG&W showed the monthly use to be approxi-
mately 6.42 million gallons or 214,000 gallons per day based on the 30
day work month. Raw water used during the sampling period ranged from
175,000 gallons per day to 246,000 gallons per day. Company personnel
indicated that production was about normal.
Since the flows are nearly representative of normal operating condi-
tions, and since the operation was considered normal by company personnel
during the visit, the wastewater discharged is assumed to be representative
of normal operating conditions. Wastewaters from this facility are similar
to domestic sewage.
177
-------
TABLE LVI
ANALYTICAL WESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
CARG1LL* INC«
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBERt 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PM
BOD
RESIDUE
TOT KJEL
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
N
STATION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME .
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
M80
761025
1100
40.0
6.8
M80
761025
1100
<0761026
1000
0.123
340.0
20
5.40
M80
761026
1040
60.0
10.4
M80
761026
1100
(C)761027
1000
0.173
173.0
S
3.72
M80
761027
0945
48.0
6.7
M80
761027
1000
(C)761028
0900
0.168
1399.0
188
3.55
M60
761028
0915
40.0
6.1
NH3-N
N02&N03
PHOS-TOT
COD
OIL-GRSE
TOTAL
N-TOTAL
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L P
MG/L
MG/L
M80
761025
1100
M80
761025
1100
(C)761026
1000
4.90
0.01<
0.420
344
M80
761026
1040
61.00
M80
761026
1100
(0761027
1000
3.52
0.01<
0.410
222
MQO
761027
0945
108.00
M80
761027
1UOO
(0761028
0900
2.90
0.01<
0.810
2663
M80
761028
0915
369.00
CONOUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
TOT KJEL
NH3-N
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
N
TOTAL
station
DATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/0
LB/D
M80
761025
1100
(C)761026
1000
0.123
349.0
21
5.54
5.03
M80
761026
1100
(0761027
1000
0.173
249.8
7
5.37
5.08
M80
761027
luOO
(0761028
0900
0.168
1961.4
264
4.96
4.07
CONDUIT
N02&N03
PHOS-TOT
COO
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
N-TOTAL
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
H60
761025
1100
(0761026
1000
0.123
0 . 01 <
0.431
353
231*
MttO
761026
1100
(0761027
1000
0.173
0 • 01 <
0.592
321
M80
761027
1UOO
(0761028
0900
0.168
0 . 01 <
1.136
3734
CONDUIT
dUD
RESIDUE
TOT KJEL
NH3-N
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
N
total
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M80
761025
lloo
(0761026
1000
0.123
158.3
9
2.51
2.28
M80
761026
1100
(0761027
1000
0.173
113.3
3
2.44
2.31
M80
761027
luOO
(0761028
0900
0.168
689.7
120
2.26
1.84
CONDUIT
N02&N03
PHOS-TOT
COO
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
N-TOTAL
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M80
761025
1100
(0761026
1000
0.123
0.00<
0.196
160
M80
761026
1100
(0761027
1000
0.173
0.01<
0.268
145
M80
761027
1 uOO
(0761028
0900
0.168
0.01<
0.515
1694
* APPROXIMATION OF LOAD , ( CALCULATED W/AVG OP DAILY CRAB CONCENTRATION AND AVG OF DAILY FLOW ).
-------
Cargill, Incorporated—
Introduction—
The Cargill plant, located at 2330 Buoy Street on Presidents Island,
produces corn syrup, corn starch, and feed byproducts. Operation is con-
tinuous (three shifts per day, seven days per week) with 15 to 20 produc-
tion employees per shift.
The operation is classified as a wet corn milling process. Corn
which arrives either by barge or by rail is cleaned, stored, and cleaned
again before going to steep tanks for soaking in warm water. The steep
water is drawn off and the softened kernels go to degerminating mills
and on to separators where the oil-laden germs are removed and the oil is
extracted. The remaining slurry of starch, gluten, and hulls is ground
finely, then passed through reels and shaken for hull removal. Starch
and gluten are then separated in centrifuges. The starch is washed,
dried, prepared for shipment as starch and dextrin, or converted into
syrup and dextrose.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
The major source of wastewater is condensate from evaporators in the
steamhouse and refining areas. Significant volumes of wastewater also
originate in the grinding and washing operations. There is no pretreatment
per se; however, in-plant controls return most solids to the process. Cool-
ing water discharges into McKellar Lake (there is an NPDES permit for this
discharge). Sanitary wastewater discharges separately into the sewerage
system.
179
-------
Results—
Three consecutive 24-hour composite samples, collected at 30-minute
intervals were obtained at the Parshall flume pit (M-81) from October 25
to 28, 1976. Flows were determined using the company's 6-inch Parshall
flume.
Wastewater loads (Table LVII) were based on the composite parameter
concentrations and the daily flows determined with the Parshall flume.
Over the past few months, the daily flows ranged from 0.75 to 1 mgd, and
this is consistent with flows during the sampling period. Company per-
sonnel indicated that the operation was not up to normal at the time of
the sampling. The facility is new (operation began in May 1976). Usually,
a period of six months or more is required to bring this type of operation
to normal production. At that time, company personnel indicate that waste-
water and waste loads should decrease if similar operations can be used as
a guide.
This discharger is the most significant source of BOD^, COD, and TSS
served by the Presidents Island interceptor. The BOD5 loadings ranged
from 22,000 lbs/day to 52,000 lbs/day; COD ranged from 25,000 lbs/day to
107,000 lbs/day; TSS ranged from 5,000 lbs/day to 28,000 lbs/day. During
the third sampling period (October 27 through 28, 1976), operational prob-
lems in the facility caused notably higher concentrations in all parameters
measured.
If this Cargill plant discharged into the WTP during the study, it
would have accounted for about ten percent of the influent BOD5 and COD,
and about five percent of the TSS influent loadings. When the Presidents
Island interceptor is connected to the WTP, this additional wastewater will
contribute to existing overloading conditions experienced at the plant.
180
-------
TABLE LVII
ANALYTICAL RESULTS ANO WASTEmATEH LOADINGS
CARGlLL* INC.
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOHER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOO
RESIDUE
TOT KJEL
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
N
STATION
DATE
TIKE
OATE
TIME
MGO '
CENT
SU
MG/L
' MG/L
MG/L
H81
761025
1U00
< C >761026
0900
0.790
3900.0
760
50.00
M6I
761025
1020
1.120
27.0
4.0
v.ei
761026
0900
(O 761027
0900
0.840
3100.0
1240
68.50
M81
761026
0930
0.700
N81
761027
ovoo
(0761028
0900
0.720
8666.0
463S
275.00
H01
761027
0910
0.700
18.0
4.5
MB I
761026
0830
0.700
30.0
3.%
NH3-N
N021N03
PHOS-TOT
COO
OIL-GRSE
TOTAL
N-TqTAL
HI LEVEL
FREON-6R
STATION
DATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L P
MG/L
MG/L
M8I
761029
1000
(0761026
0900
1.80
0.02
9.400
3893
M81
76102b
1020
MSI
761026
OVOO
(0 761027
0900
1.7S
0.01<
13.600
6761
*81
761026
0930
8.00
*81
761027
09OQ
(O 761028
0900
1.85
0.06
71.500
17930
MB1
761027
0910
21.00
Mttl
761028
0830
152*00
» LOADINGS •••
CONOUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
TOT KJEL
NH3-N
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
N
TOTAL
station
DATE
TIME
- DATE
TIKE
MGO
LB/O
LB/D
LB/D
LB/O
Mft)
761025
1000
(0761026
0900
0.790
25711.9
5011
329.64
11.87
MB1
761025
1020
1.120
H8I
761026
0900
(0761027
0900
0.840
21731.2
B692
480.19
12.27
M81
761026
0930
0.700
Mai
761027
0900
(O 761028
0900
0.720
52070.7
27B50
1652.37
11.12
M81
761027
0910
0.700
M8I
761028
0830
0.700
CONDUIT
N021N03
PHOS-TOT
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
N-TOTAL
Hi LEVEL
FREON-GR
station
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGO
LB/O
Lb/D
LB/O
LB/O
M81
761025
1000
(O 761026
0900
0.790
0.13
61.972
25666
M81
761025
1020
1.120
HBl
761026
0900
(O 761027
0900
0.640
0.07<
95.337
47395
M81
761026
0930
0.700
46.73
M81
761027
OVOO
IC> 761028.
0900
0.720
0.36
429.616
107734
M81
761027
0910
0.700
122.68
war
761028
0830
0.700
.887.94
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIOUE
TOT KJEL
NH3-N
FLOW
5 OAT
TOT NFLT
N
TOTAL
station
DATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
MGU
KG/O
KG/0
KG/O
KG/O
M81
761025
1000
(O 761026
0900
0.790
11662.7
2273
149.52
5.38
H01
761025
1020
1.120
M81
761026
0900
(O 761027
0900
0.840
9857.1
3943
217.81
5.56
H81
761026
0930
0.700
M81
761027
0900
(O 761028
0900
0.720
23618.9
12633
749.50
5.04
M81
761027
0910
0.700
M81
761028
,0830
0.700
CONOUIT
N021N03
PHOS-TOT
COO
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
N-TOTAL
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/0
KG/0
KG/O
KG/O
M8I
761025
luOO
(C > 761026
0900
0.790
0.06
28.110
11642
H01
761025
1020
1.120
MB1
761026
0900
(O 761027
0900
0.840
0.03<
43.244
21498
M81
761026
0930
0.700
21.20
M81
761027
0900
(C)761028
0900
0.720
0.16
194.870
48867
M81
761027
0910
0.700
55.64
*81
761028
0630
0.700
402.76
-------
Mid-South Plating Company, Inc.—
Introduction—
Mid-South Plating, located at 1520 Channel Avenue on Presidents
Island, is a commercial metal finisher, operating three shifts per day,
five days per week, with a total employment of 18 people.
The facility operates three plating lines and has the capability for
zinc, cadmium, and bronze plating. Both barrel and rack lines are used.
All three lines usually operate during the first shift, two during the
second shift, and one on the third shift. Each line has the following
units: alkaline cleaner; rinse; muriatic acid pickling; continuous rinse;
plating; counter-flow rinse; chromate dip; double rinse; hot water rinse;
drying, and packaging.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
The primary sources of wastewater are from the rinsing operations
with negligible volumes from sanitary sewage. Process wastewaters receive
pH neutralization in a 6,000 gallon tank by manually adding a caustic solu-
tion. Caustic is added to adjust the pH to neutral or slightly greater than
neutral. Process wastewaters and sanitary sewage are combined before dis-
charge into the interceptor.
Results—
Two consecutive 24-hour composite samples, collected at hourly inter-
vals, were taken from the cleanout in front of the building (M-82) from
October 25 through 27, 1976. Flows were determined from daily readings
of the MLG&W water meter. There are no consumptive losses in this operation.
Wastewater loads (Table LVIII) were determined from composite parameter
concentrations and the flows from water meter readings.
182
-------
The most recent water bill from MLG&W showed the monthly use to be
1.58 million gallons. This represents about 72,000 gallons per day based
on 22 working days per month. Raw water during the sample period was
52,000 and 58,000 gallons per day. Company personnel indicated that pro-
duction was about normal; however, lower than normal flows do not reflect
this. Loads discharged during the study period may be less than normal
and not representative of normal discharges.
This wastewater contains high concentrations of cyanide (average 34.8
mg/1) and heavy metals (zinc - 65 mg/1 average, iron - 36 mg/1 average,
cadmium - 3.5 mg/1 average). The WTP treatment process is not specifically
designed to remove either heavy metals or cyanide.
183
-------
TABLE LV111
ANALYTICAL- RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
MID SOUTH PLATING
MEMPHIS. TN
OCTOBER. 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
RESIDUE
COD
CYANIOE
CHROMIUM
FLOW
TEMP
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CN-TOT
CR.TOT
STATION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
UG/L
M82
761025
1520
20.5
4.9
M82
761025
1330
( O 761026
1510
0.057
155
166
3100
M82
761026
1300
(O 761027
1400
0.058
240
214
2000
M82
761026
1510
'20.0
5.1
50.000
M82
761027
1405
18.0
6.2
19.600
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
IRON
NICKEL
CADMIUM
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
FE.TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
STATION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
M82
761025
1520
Mb?
761025
1 3 JO
tC)761026
1510
68700
222
80
27600
738
1700
M82
761026
13U0
(C)761027
1400
61940
319
82
44600
85
5320
M82
761026
1510
M82
761027
1405
CONDUIT RESIDUE COD CYANIDE CHROMIUM ZINC
FLOW TOT NFLT HI LEVEL CN-TOT CR.TOT ZN.TOT
STATION DATE TIME DATE TIME MGD LB/D LB/D LB/D LB/D LB/D
M82 761025 1530 (C>761026 1510 0.057 74 79 16.7* 1 33
MB2 761026 1300 (0 761027 1400 0.058 116 104 1 30
CONDUIT COPPER LEAD . IRON NICKEL CADMIUM
FLOW CU.TOT PB.TOT FE.TOT NI.TOTAL CD.TOT
STATION DATE TIME DATE TIME MOD LB/D LB/D LB/D LB/D LB/D
M«2 761025 1330 (0761026 1510 0.057 0 0 i3 0 1
M82 761026 1300 (C)761027 1400 0.056 0 0 22 0 3
CONOUIT RESIOUE COD CYANIDE CHROMIUM ZINC
FLOW TOT NFLT HI LEVEL CN-TOT CR.TOT ZN.TOT
STATION DATE TIME OaTE TIME MGQ KG/D KG/D KG/D KG/D KG/D
M82 761025 1330 (CI761026 1510 0.057 33 36 1 15
M82 761026 lbOO (0 761027 1400 0.058 53 47 0 14
CONDUIT COPPER LEAD IRON NICKEL CAOMIUM
FLOW CU.TOT PB.TOT FE.TOT NI.TOTAL CD.TOT
STATION DATE TIME DATE TIME MOD KG/D KG/D KG/D KG/D KG/D
M82 761025 13J0 (0761026 1510 0.057 0 0 6 0 0
M82 761026 1500 (0 761027 1400 0.058 0 0 10 0 1
* APPROXIMATION OF LOAD (CALCULATED WITH AVERAGE OF DAILY CONCENTRATIONS AND AVERAGE DAILY FLOW)
-------
Armour Corporation—
Introduction—
Armour is a slaughtering and meat packing operation located at
1337 Riverside. They employ 475 people in a five day per week, 24-hour
per day operation.
This operation consists of slaughtering (7 a.m. - 3:30 p.m.), processing
(3:30 - 11:00), then cleanup (11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m.). Products include
fresh beef and pork and processed meats (franks, bologna, sausage, and
hams.)
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Cooling waters and sanitary wastes are discharged directly into the
city sewer. Process wastes, including slaughtering and cleanup waste-
waters, are discharged to the pretreatment system. Wastewaters from the
hog slaughtering operation result from scald tank and dehairlng processes.
A negligible amount of wastewater is generated by the polishing unit.
Wastewaters from cattle slaughtering are generated at the head washing unit,
washing tray, and the wash cabinet (100 gpm). The remainder of the wastewater
is generated in the cleanup operation.
Pretreatment consists of grit removal and settling. Wastewaters
flow through a grit cyclone unit into a settling tank. Solids from the
settling tank are recycled to the influent of the cyclone unit to recap-
ture the greatest possible portion of this marketable product. Floatables
are skimmed off and pumped to the tank house to be marketed out. Overflow
effluent is discharged through a parabolic open flow nozzle.
185
-------
Results—
Sampling consisted of two consecutive 24-hour composites taken during
the period of October 26 through 28, 1976. Samples were taken at 20-minute
intervals at the stilling basin (M-83) just upstream of the company's para-
bolic flume. Flew was determined from daily readings of the company's
totalizer: 548,000 gpd on the first day, 490,000 gpd on the second day.
Analytical results of the composite samples are given in Table LIX. Company
personnel indicated that operations were normal during the investigation,
and thus the loadings were assumed to be representative of typical
discharges.
This facility, located on the Presidents Island interceptor, is a
major discharger with respect to BOD,., COD, TSS, TKN, and oil and grease.
If this wastewater had discharged into the WTP during the study, it would
represent greater than four percent of the total influent BOD^, TSS, COD,
and TKN, and more than ten percent of the oil and grease. The facility
plans to discontinue slaughtering at this site and correspondingly,
future loadings should be in the range of normal sanitary sewage.
186
-------
TABLE LIX
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
ARMOUR
MEMPHI5f TN
OCTOBER. 19T6
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
CONDUIT
FLOW
MGD
WATER
TEMP
CENT
PH
SU
BOD
5 DAY
MG/L
RESIDUE
TOT NFLT
MG/L
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
M83
MB3
M83
M83
761026
761027
0830
0820
(CI 761027
(O 761028
761027
761028
0810
0820
0825
0823
0.548
0.490
26.0
30.0
6.2
6.2
2131.0
2082.0
1250
1245
126.00
91.50
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
N02&N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
PHOS-TOT
HG/L P
COD
HI LEVEL
MG/L
OIL-GRSE
FREON-GR
MG/L
M83
M83
H63
M83
761026
761027
0830
0820
(C > 761027
<0761028
761027
761028
0810
0620
0825
0823
32.SO
19.50
0.05
0.12
> LOADINGS »«¦
26.200
24.800
4390
3252
346.00
223.00
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
CONDUIT
FLOW
MGD
ROD
5 DAY
LB/0
RESIDUE
TOT NFLT
LB/D
TOT KJEL
N
LB/D
NH3-N
TOTAL
LB/D
H83
M83
761026
761027
0830
0820
761027
(C)761026
0810
0820
0.548
0.490
0.10
0.22
54.349
46.000
9107
6032
« APPROXIMATION OF LOAD (CALCULATED W/AVG OF DAILY CRAB CONCENTRATIONS AND AVC DAILY FLOW)
-------
Memphis Butchers (Subsidiary of Buring Food Group, Inc.)—
Introduction—
Memphis Butchers is a slaughtering and processing facility located
at 1186 Riverside Drive. They employ 61 people in a five day per week,
eight hour per day operation, with six additional people on a second shift
cleanup force.
The facility slaughters 20 hogs and 90 cattle daily. Hogs are pro-
cessed into sausage, and the beef is deboned before marketing.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Wastewater is generated from the post slaughtering process units, the
cleanup operation, and cooling and compressor units. Sanitary wastewater
is discharged directly into the city sewer. Pretreatment consists of two
grease sumps.
Results—
Three 13-14 hour composite samples were collected at half-hour inter-
vals during production periods from October 25 through 28, 1976. The samp-
ling site (M-84) was a manhole on the west side of the facility. Flows were
determined from daily MLG&W water meter readings minus the domestic usage
(2,310 gpd). Company records indicate that the average monthly water use
was 379,300 cf based upon the past four months. This equates to a daily
water usage of 131,961 gpd. Daily water usage during the study ranged from
73,363 to 103,066 gpd, considerably less than the expected normal usage.
Company personnel indicated that production was about normal; however, lower
than normal flows do not reflect this condition. Loads discharged during
188
-------
the study period may be less than normal and may not be representative
of normal discharges. Analytical results are presented in Table LX.
Wastewater from this facility is discharged into the Presidents. Island
interceptor.
Average BOD^, COD, TSS, and nutrient concentrations were higher than
the average WTP influent wastewater concentrations. However, this facility's
wastewater is amenable to biological treatment, and should not detrimentally
affect the contact stabilization process used at the WTP when the intercep-
tor goes on-line.
189
-------
TABLE LX
analytical RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
MEMPHIS BUTCHERS
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBER* 197b
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOO
RESIOUE
TOT KJEL
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
N
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
M84
761025
1010
(C>761025
2400
0.071
2900.0
1350
134.00
M84
761026
0940
(C)761027
0100
0.074
380.0
60
38.50
M84
761026
0955
18.0
6.7
230.0
25
24.90
M84
761027
0910
(O761028
0100
o.ioi
999.0
460
74.50
M04
761027
0920
23.0
6.9
M84
761028
0935
20.0
7.2
NH3-N
N02&N03
PHOS-TOT
COO
OIL-GRSE
TOTAL
N-TOTAL
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L P
MG/L
MG/L
M84
761025
1010
(0761025
2400
30.00
0*12
17.300
4187
M84
761026
0940
761027
0100
0.074
0.02
8.566
429
M84
761027
0910
(C)761028
0100
0.101
0.06
18.836
1744
CONOUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
TOT KJEL
NH3-N
FLOW
5 OAY
TOT NFLT
N
TOTAL
STATION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/O
KG/D
KG/O
KG/O
M84
761025
1010
(C)761025
2400
0.071
780.0
363
36.04
8.07
M84
761026
0940
(0 761027
0100
0.074
107 .0
23
10.84
2.11
M84
761027
0910
(C)761028
0100
0.101
381.0
183
28.42
7.63
CONDUIT
N02&N03
PHOS-TOT
COD
OIL-GRSE
FLOW
n-total
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M84
761025
luio
(0 761025
2400
0.071
0.03
4.653
1126
M84
761026
0940
(C)761027
0100
0.074
0.01
3.885
195
M84
761027
0910
(0761028
0100
0.101
0.03
8.544
791
* APPROXIMATION OF
LOAD
CALCULATED
W/AVG OF DAILY GRAB CONCENTRATIONS
ANDAVG DAILY FLOW
).
-------
Unarco Commercial Products (Subsidiary of Unarco Industries, Inc.)—
Introduction—
Unarco is a metal plating facility, located at 1132 Kansas Street,
which employs 200 people in a five day per week 24-hour per day operation.
This facility metal-plates unassembled grocery cart components. Parts
are metal-finished in either zinc or nickel-chrome plating lines, according
to specifications. The nickel-chrome plating lines consist of the following
unit prpcess tanks in order: pre-soak; electrode cleaner; rinse; electrode
acid; rinse; nickel plating; rinse; chromic acid, and rinse. The only dif-
ference between the zinc and the nickel-chrome line is the substitution of
zinc as the metal source.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
The majority of the wastewater is generated from the continuous
overflow rinse tanks in the zinc and nickel-chrome lines. The remainder
of the total wastewater is from in-plant usages (boiler, etc.) Sanitary
wastes are discharged from a separate line into the city sewer. The faci-
lity provides no pretreatment for their wastewaters, but they have plans
to do so in the future. The treatment scheme has not yet been developed.
Results—
Sampling consists of two consecutive 24-hour composites taken during
the period of October 25 through 27. Samples were pumped at half-hour
intervals from the cleanout (M-85) at the front of the building. Waste-
water flow at this site was determined from the company's average monthly
water usage and not from daily water meter readings, since the meters were
submerged in the meter manhole. Company records indicate an average
191
-------
monthly usage of 215,200 cubic feet based on five previous months, this
equates to an average daily usage of 73,230 gpd. This flow, minus the
estimated sanitary waste (6,000 gpd) gives the flow (67,230 gpd) used in
the loading computation. Operation during the sampling period was con-
sidered normal. Wastewater discharge loads are given in Table LXI.
This facility is probably the most significant source of chromium
and nickel discharging into the Presidents Island interceptor, averaging
23.0 lbs/day of chromium and 5.12 lbs/day of nickel. If this facility
had discharged into the WTP during the study, it would have accounted for
about 95 percent of the influent chromium and about 67 percent of the in-
fluent nickel. Heavy metals are not amenable to treatment by biological
treatment processes.
The facility is in the process of designing a pretreatment system.
192
-------
TABLE LX]
analytical results and wastewater loadings
UNAHCO
MEMPHIS. TN
OCTOBER• 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
RESIDUE
COD
CYANIDE
FLOW
TEMP
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CN-TOT
station
DATE
T I ME
OATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
M85
76102b
114b
(C)761026
1130
0.067
36
40<
0.00K
MbS
-761026
1130
(C)761027
0100
0.067
44
40<
MbS
761026
1132
20.0
6.4
M85
761027
1240
23.0
8.2
0.008
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
CR.TOT
ZNtTOT
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
M65
76102b
1145
(C)761026
1130
38400
1900
245
154
5420
10<
MtJb
761026
11J0
(C) 7t>1027
0100
43600
1640
226
82
12840
10<
Mtt5
761026
1132
MBb
761027
1240
LOADINGS
CONDUIT
RESIDUE
COD
CYANIDE
CHROMIUM
ZINC
FLOW
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CN-TOT
CR.TOT
ZN.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
MBS
761025
1'145
761026
1130
0.067
20
22<
0.001 <
22
1
M85
761026
1130
(C)761027
0100
0.067
25
22<
24
1
CONDUIT
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
FLOW
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
STATION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M85
761025
1U5
(C)761026
1130
0.067
0
0
3
0<
Mflb
761026
1130
(C)761027
0100
0.067
0
0
7
0<
CONOUIT
RESIDUE
COD
CYANIDE
CHROMIUM
ZINC
FLOW
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CN-TOT
CR.TOT
ZN.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
MttS
761025
1U5
(C)761026
1130
0.067
9
10<
0.000<
10
0
MBS
761026
1130
(C)761027
0100
0.067
11
l(f<
11
0
CONDUIT
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
FLOW
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
NI .TOTAL
CD.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/0
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M65
761025
1145
(C)761026
1130
0.067
0
O
1
0<
M85
761026
1130
(C)761027
0100
0.067
0
0
3
0<
-------
Nat Buring Packing (Div. of Buring Foods Group)—
Introduction—
Nat Buring is a meat packing facility located at 1837 Harbor Avenue.
They employ 293 people in a five day per week 16-hour per day operation.
Deboned beef and pork are flaked, ground, mixed, cooked, and pack-
aged into luncheon meats. Pork slabs are flattened, brine Injected,
smoked, washed down, compressed, cut and packaged for sale as bacon.
Deboned beef is flaked, ground, mixed, packed in dye transfer pouches,
heat treated, and repackaged for sale as franks.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
Wastewater is generated from continuous cleanup throughout the day,
including product washdown after smokehouse operation, mid-morning
cleanup, process water (cooking), boiler blowdown, and water wasted
from the ammonia compressors. Consumptive loss is from evaporative cool-
ing towers and product water makeup. Pretreatment consists of a sediment
bucket and grease trap.
I
Results—
Sampling consisted of two composites taken from the manhole on the
west side of the building (M-86) during the period October 25 through 27.
Samples were collected at one-half hour intervals for 11-12 hours of the
production period. Flows were determined from dally MLG&W water meter
readings.
Company records indicate an average monthly water usage of 1,153,900
cubic feet based upon the last four months. This equates to an approxi-
mate daily usage of 0.32-0.36 mgd.
194
-------
Daily water usage during the study was 0.298 mgd the first day of
sampling and 0.335 mgd the second day. Sanitary use (8,790 gpd), evapora-
tive water loss, compressor cooling (67,800 gpd)! during the eight non-
processing hours, and product water (negligible) were subtracted from the
daily raw water usage to determine the daily discharge. Discharge flows
used in the loading computations were 0.221 mgd and 0.259 mgd, respectively.
Company personnel indicated that,operations on the first day of samp-
ling were not typical, and thus the discharge was assumed to be non-repre-
sentative of average daily discharge.
This facility is on Presidents Island and does not presently discharge
to the WTP. None of the parameters measured in the discharge (Table LXII)
exceeded one percent of the current total influent loading; thus, the faci-
lity was considered a minor discharger.
195
-------
TABLE LXII
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER LOADINGS
NAT BURING PACKING
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBER* 1976
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
CONDUIT
FLOW
MGD
WATER
TEMP
CENT
PH
SU
UOD
5 DAY
MG/L
RESIOUE
TOT NFLT
MG/L
TOT KJEL
N
MG/L
M86
M86
M86
M86
761025
761026
1310
1345
(C)761026
(C)761027
761026
761027
0100
0100
1410
1330
0.221
0.259
24.0
6.8
420.0
440.0
810
150
10.80
6.02
STATION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
NH3-N
TOTAL
MG/L
N02&N03
N-TOTAL
MG/L
PHOS-TOT
MG/L P
COD
HI LEVEL
MG/L
OIL-GRSE
FREON-GR
MG/L
M86
M86
M66
M86
761025
761026
1310
1345
(C)761026
(C)761027
761026
761027
0100
0100
1410
1330
1.00
1.00
0.01<
0.35
6.000
9.100
870
406
25.00
47.00
STATION
OATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
CONDUIT
FLOW
MGD
BOD
5 DAY
LB/D
RESIDUE
TOT NFLT
LB/D
TOT KJEL
N
LB/D
NH3-N
TOTAL
LB/D
M86
M86
761025
761026
1310
1345
(C)761026
<0 761027
0100
0100
0.221
0.259
774.6
951.0
1494
324
19.92
13.01
1.84
2.16
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
CONDUIT
FLOW
MGD
N02&N03
N-TOTAL
LB/D
PHOS-TOT
LB/D
COO
HI LEVEL
LB/D
OIL-GRSE
FREON-GR
LB/O
H86
M86
761025
761026
1310
1345
(C)761026
<0 761027
0100
0100
0.221
0.259
0.02<
0.76
11.066
19.669
1605
878
16.8*
STATION
DATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
CONDUIT
FLOW
MGD
BOD
5 DAY
KG/D
RESIDUE
TOT NFLT
KG/0
TOT KJEL
N
KG/O
NH3-N
TOTAL
KG/D
H86
M86
761025
761026
1310
1345
761026
-------
Faith-Memphis Plating Company—
Introduction—
The Faith-Memphis plant, located at 2511 Harbor Avenue on Presidents
Island, repairs and rechromes auto bumpers. The operation has twenty-
seven employees working one ten-hour shift five days per week.
The process consists of rechroming auto bumpers and includes buffing,
straightening, and polishing the bumpers before the electro-plating process.
The electro-plating process includes the following sequential steps: cau-
stic rinse tank; two rinses; acid rinse tank; rinse; nickel plating tank;
rinse; dead rinse; chrome plating; two cold rinses, and a hot rinse.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
The primary source of wastewater is from the rinsing steps in the
plating process, with lesser volumes from sanitary sewage. All waste-
water is combined at a common sump before discharging untreated into the
sewerage system.
Results—
Composite samples were collected at thirty-minute intervals during
the hours of operation on two consecutive days (October 25 and 26, 1976)
from the above described sump (M-87).
Flows were determined from daily MLG&W water meter readings. There
are no consumptive losses. Wastewater loads (Table LXIII) were determined
from composite parameter concentrations and daily MLG&W water meter read-
ings. Recent water bills from MLG&W showed that the water use for the
past three months ranged from 55,000 to 60,000 gallons per day. During the
sampling period, the flow ranged from 48,000 to 53,000 gallons per day.
197
-------
The operation was considered normal by company personnel, and since
the flows reflect this, wastewater discharges are assumed to be represen-
tative of normal operating conditions.
The chromium and nickel discharged by Falth-Memphls are not speci-
fically treatable by biological treatment processes. If discharged Into
the WTP at the time of the study, this company would have accounted for
about one-third of the total chromium and two-thirds of the nickel.
198
-------
TABLE LXIII
analytical results and wastewater loadings
FAITH MEMPHIS
MEMPHIS. TN
OCTOBER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
RESIDUE,
COD
CHROMIUM
FLOW
TEMP
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CR.TOT
station
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
UG/L
M87
761025
0930
(C)761025
1730
0.048
70
40<
40200
M87
761025
0940
15.0
6.4
M87
761026
OUOO
761026
1700
0.053
106
40<
27600
M87
761026
0830
8
40<
23600
M87
761027
0810
15.0
6.4
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL:
CADMIUM
ZN» TOT
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
station
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
m87
761025
0930
(0761025
1730
70
190
130
39500
10<
M87
761025
0940
M87
761026
0800
(0761026
1700
97
167
140
22800
10<
M87
761026
0830
18
84
82
5500
10<
M87
761027
0810
~ LOADINGS
CONDUIT
RESIDUE
COD
CHROMIUM
ZINC
FLOW
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CR.TOT
ZN.TOT
station
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/O
LB/D
LB/D
LB/0
M87
761025
0930
tC)761025
1730
0.048
28
1 6<
16
0
M87
761026
0800
(C)761026
1700
0.053
47
18<
12
0
CONDUIT
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
FLOW
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
NI .TOTAL
CD.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/0
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M87
761025
0930
(0761025
1730
0.048
0
0
16
0
M87
761026
0800
(C)761026
1700
0.053
0
0
10
0
CONDUIT
RESIDUE
COD
CHROMIUM
ZINC
FLOW
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CR.TOT
ZN.TOT
STATION
OATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/0
M87
761025
0930
(C)761025
1730
0.048
13
7<
7
0
M87
761026
0800
(C)761026
1700
0.053
21
8<
6
0
CONDUIT
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
FLOW
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
STATION
OATE
TIME
OATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M87
761025
0930
tC)761025
1730
0.048
0
0
7
0
M87 761026 08u0 (0761026 1700 0.053 0 0 5 0
-------
Miller Transporters, Inc.—
Introduction—
Miller Transporters, located at 2000 Channel Avenue on Presidents
Island, is a liquid transporter terminal and operates continuously.
Fifty employees over three shifts constitute the normal staff at the
facility.
The process includes cleaning operations (interior and exterior)
of tank trucks as well as maintenance and repair. Cleaning is accom-
plished by using steam, hot water, and detergents; solvents are not
normally used. Mild caustics may be used occasionally. Tank trucks
containing poisons or insecticides are not cleaned at this location.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
All wastewater, except sanitary sewage, flows into a sump before
discharge without treatment into the city sewerage system. Sanitary
sewage discharges separately.
Results—
Two consecutive 24-hour composite samples, composited at hourly
intervals, were collected from the above described sump (M-88) on October
25 through 27, 1976. Flows were determined by using the MLG&W water
meter and subtracting the estimated volume of sanitary sewage, which is
discharged separately. Wastewater loads (Table LXIV) are based on the
calculated flows and composite parameter concentrations.
The most recent water bills show the average daily use, based on
a six day work week, was about 23,000 gallons per day. Raw water into
the facility during the sampling period was 22,000 and 28,000 gallons
per day. Company personnel indicated that operation was normal at this time.
200
-------
Since the operation was considered normal during the study, the waste
loads discharged are assumed to be representative of normal discharge.
During the sampling period, the wastewater was generally compatible with
the contact stabilization process at the WTP. The heavy metal concentra-
tions were low enough not to Inhibit biological waste treatment. If the
cleaning operation remains the same, and tank trucks containing toxics
(pesticides, etc.) are not cleaned at this location, the wastewaters from
Miller should not detrimentally affect the WTP's operation.
201
-------
TABLE LXIV
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND WASTEWATER L0A0IN6S
MILLER TRANSPORTERS
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBER. 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
PHENOLS
RESIDUE
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOTAL
TOT NFLT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
UG/L
MG/L
M88
761025
1400
(C)761026
1400
0.021
666.0<
415
M88
761026
1*00
(C)761027
1345
0.027
666.0<
438
M88
761026
1415
18.0
7.2
10<
M88
761027
1315
15.5
8.2
TOT KJEL
NH3-N
N02&N03
PHOS-TOT
COD
OIL-GRSE
N
TOTAL
N-TOTAL
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L P
MG/L
MG/L
M88
761025
1400
(C)761026
1400
62.80
35.00
0.42
10.900
650
M88
761026
1400
(C)761027
1345
7.00
6.50
0.50
40.000
2338
*
M88
761026
1415
28.00
M88
761027
1315
250.00
CHROMIUM
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
CR.TOT
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
MSB
761025
1400
(C)761026
1400
2 68
140
360
205
20<
10<
MSB
761026
1400
(C)761027
1345
102
343
290
415
29
10
MSB
761026
1415
M88
761027
1315
CONDUIT
BOD
PHENOLS
RESIDUE:
TOT KJEL
NH3-N
FLOW
5 DAY
TOTAL
TOT NFLT
N
TOTAL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/
M88
761025
1400
(C)761026
1400
0.021
116.7<
73
11.01
6.13
M88
761026
1400
(C)761027
1345
0.027
150.1<
99
1.58
1.46
CONDUIT
N02S.N03
PHOS-TOT
COD
OIL-GRSE
CHROMIUM
FLOW
N-TOTAL
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
CR.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
MSB
761025
1400
(C)761026
1400
0.021
0.07
1.910
114
0
M88
761026
1400
(C)761027
1345
0.027
0.11
9.013
527
5t50*
0
CONDUIT
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
FLOW
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
NI.TOTAL
CD.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M88
761025
1400
(C)761026
1400
0.021
0
0
0
0
0
M88
761026
1400
(C)761027
1345
0.027
0
0
0
0
0
CONDUIT
BOD
PHENOLS
RESIDUE
TOT KJEL
NH3-N
FLOW
5 DAY
TOTAL
TOT NFLT
N
TOTAL
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D '
M88
761025
1400
(C)761026
1400
0.021
52. 9<
33
4.99
2.78
M88
761026
1400
(C)761027
1345
0.027
68. 1<
45
0.72
0.66
CONDUIT
N02&N03
PHOS-TOT
COD
OIL-GRSE
CHROMIUM
FLOW
N-TOTAL
HI LEVEL
FREON-GR
CR.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/O
MSB
761025
1400
C C >761026
1400
0.021
0.03
0.866
52
0
M88
761026
1400
<0761027
1345
0.027
0.05
4.088
239
0
CONDUIT
ZINC
COPPER
LEAO
NICKEL
CADMIUM
FLOW
ZN.TOT
CU.TOT
PB.TOT
NI,TOTAL
CD.TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/O
MSB
761025
1400
(C)761026
1400
0.021
0
0
0
0
M88
761026
1400
(C)761027
1345
0.027
0
0
0
0
* APPROXIMATION, i.e. LOADS CALCULATED WITH INSTANTANEOUS GRABS AND AVERAGE DAILY DISCHARGE FLOWS
-------
CBI Nuclear Corporation—
Introduction—
CBI is located at 2700 Channel Avenue on Presidents Island, and
manufactures nuclear reactor pressure vessels. Operation is continuous
five days per week, with approximately 400 employees.
Flat plate steel is formed and welded into cylinders; hemispherical
sections are formed and welded to form vessel heads. Internals such as
pumps, fuel gauges, etc., are Installed in some units. X-raying and
ultrasonic and pressure testing are conducted on the vessels.
Wastewater Discharges and Pretreatment Processes—
The bulk of the wastewater discharged is from vessel washwater and
hydroblasting water; X-ray rinse water and sanitary wastewater contribute
a minor volume. All wastewater discharges through a common sewer into the
Presidents Island sewer. Compressor water is discharged directly to McKellar
Lake.
Results—
Two consecutive 24-hour composite samples of the wastewater discharge,
collected at twenty minute Intervals, were obtained from a cleanout (M-89)
prior to discharge into the city sewer from October 25 through 27, 1976.
Flows were determined from daily MLG&W water meter readings less the volume
of compressor cooling water discharged. However, two of the six compressor
flowmeters were not working, and company personnel estimated the flow-
through of these two compressors to be approximately the flow through either
of the other two units. Therefore, discharge flows are estimates, not
measurements.
203
-------
Wastewater loads (Table LXV) were calculated from composite parameter
concentrations and estimated flow. Flows determined the first sampling day
were about twice the flow during the second day. This apparently is not
unusual because of the large volumes of water used in hydroblastlng or
washing vessels. These operations do not occur each day.
Recent monthly flows at the facility based on the MLG&W water bills
averaged about 280,000 gallons per day. This average is slightly greater
than the flows determined during the sampling period; however, operations
have been similar to those at the time of sampling for the past several
months. The discharges determined during the sampling period should be
considered representative of recent operations and not of full production
capacity.
This discharger's wastewater is compatible with the contact stabili-
zation process; the low concentrations and loads relegate it to a minor
contributor status.
204
-------
TABLE
ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND tBVSTEWATER LOADINGS
CBI NUCLEAR
MEMPHIS* TN
OCTOBER* 1976
CONDUIT
WATER
PH
BOD
RESIDUE
COD CHROMIUM
FLOW
TEMP
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL CR»TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
CENT
SU
MG/L
MG/L
MG/L UG/L
M89
761025
1300
(C)761026
1400
0.113
666.0<
130
194 50<
M89
761026
1245
16.0
8.4
M89
761026
1400
761027
1400
0.031
666.0<
102
194 68
M89
761027
1400
19.0
CD
•
ZINC
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
SILVER
ZN»TOT
CU»TOT
PBtTOT
NI* TOT AL
CD»TOT
AG* TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
UG/L
M89
761025
1300
(C)761026
1400
230
135
80<
65
10<
20<
M89
761026
1245
M89
761026
1400
(C)761027
1400
193
142
80<
20
10<
66
M89
761027
1400
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
CHROMIUM
ZINC
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CR.TOT
ZN» TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M89
761025
1300
(C> 761026
1400
0.113
62U.1<
123
183
0
0
H89
761026
1400
(C)761027
1400
0.031
172.3<
26
50
0
0
CONDUIT
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
SILVER
FLOW
CUtTOT
PB»TOT
NI» TOT AL
CD»TOT
AG»TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGO
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
LB/D
M89
761025
1300
(C)761026
1400
0.113
0
0
0
0
0
M89
761026
1400
(C)761027
1400
0.031
0
0
0
0
0
CONDUIT
BOD
RESIDUE
COD
CHROMIUM
ZINC
FLOW
5 DAY
TOT NFLT
HI LEVEL
CR.TOT
ZN* TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M89
761025
1300
(C)761026
1400
0.113
284.9<
56
83
0
0
M89
761026
1400
(C)761027
1400
0.031
78.2<
12
23
0
0
CONDUIT
COPPER
LEAD
NICKEL
CADMIUM
SILVER
FLOW
CU*TOT
PB*TOT
NI*TOTAL
CDtTOT
AG* TOT
STATION
DATE
TIME
DATE
TIME
MGD
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
KG/D
M89
761025
1300
(C)761026
1400
0.113
0
0
0
0
0
M89
761026
1400
761027
1400
0.031
0
0
0
0
0
-------
REFERENCES
(1) Lane, Dan, Report of Investigation, T. E. Maxson Wastewater
Treatment Plant, Tenn. Dept. of Public Health, May 26-27, 1976.
(2) Permit No. TN0020729, Authorization to Discharge Under the National
Pollutant Discharge Elimination System.
(3) Helmers, E.N., J.D. Frame, A.F. Greenberg, and C.N. Sawyer, Sewage
and Industrial Wastes (1951) 23:7, 884.
(4) Settlement Agreement between Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.
et al.; Environmental Defense Fund, et al.; Citizens for a Better
Environment, et al.; Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc.
(Plaintiffs) and Russell E. Train; James I. Agee, et al. (Defen-
dants) , Civil Action Nos. 2153-73, 75-0172, 75-1698, 75-1267,
U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia, June 7,1976.
(Referred to within this report as EPA's Consent Decree, "65
Toxic Chemicals List").
(5) U.S.-EPA Operation of Wastewater Treatment Plants, A Field Study
Training Program, Technical Training Grant No.-5TTl-WP-16-03, 1970.
(6) Metcalf and Eddy, Inc., Wastewater Engineering: Collection, Treat-
ment , Disposal, McGraw-Hill, 1972.
(7) U.S.-EPA, Process Design Manual for Upgrading Existing Wastewater
Treatment Plants, 1974.
(8) American Society of Civil Engineers, Sewage Treatment Plant Design
(1959) 36.
(9) Great Lakes - Upper Mississippi River Board of State Sanitary Engin-
eers, Recommended Standards for Sewerage Works, Revised Edition, 1971
(10) West, Alfred W., Part I - Observations, Operational Control Procedures
for the Activated Sludge Process, EPA-330/9-74-001-a, 1973.
(11) APHA-AWWA-WPCF, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 14th Edition, 1975.
(12) Ecological Research Series, Methods for Acute Toxicity Tests with
Fish, Macroinvertebrates and Amphibians, EPA-660/3-75-009, 1975.
(13) U.S.-EPA, Algal Assay Procedure Bottle Test, National Eutrophication
Laboratory, Corvallis, Oregon, 1971.
206
-------
APPENDICES
-------
APPENDIX A
LABORATORY DATA
-------
APPENDIX: A
LABORATORY DATA
T.E. MAXSON "SOOTH" WTP
MFMPHTK. TN ,
INFLUENT
/2/A.
A4a\
X
id
11
7ft
04M I -
-1 - r-
19
-
r-—,
i
/2l£
f
(0
7ft
llt-A*
fATHJt.
$0$
?Z8
7H
m?
2U7
M/7
13.7
ns
?$¦
Ion
(p
//T
7.6°
.
i |
1278
\
IS
%
76
iu-M-
fjmut-
(>?¦(>
m
ftpf
/*O0
?t>*
/#?'
3?
n.s
Q-Ql
ms
l/lt
ui
116
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1 1
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till
\
(p
20 .
7t
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21
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76
fto
a/it
118
477
282
aati
77,?
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12.2.
tas
£SO
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24/
1 ;
n/s
if
zt
7(
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ma
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w
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76
005/r
'W
WtZ
(1^2
1*1
%03
750
W?
S.o
o.ot
W-f
£.10
zfp
f,7
Z/0
Mb
60£
_
:
mo
m
?tS
Sal
7&
24-M
^AUlU
67?
im
ffx
fM
UM
1747
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niip
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%
¥
£om .
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ftft
lilB
F47
3tfP
¦24.
-------
APPENDIX A (CONTINUED)
laboratory! data
T.E. MAXSON "SOUTH" WTP
MFMPWT.S. TN .
EFFLUENT
0
sno
STATION*
TIME
May. £
IQ
%
76
1 to j>
(71
U62
(Pfi
liU'SlLL.
lis
*0.0/
/7.J
*$0
*-S¦
no
126
F4(
i/b-
t?f
2U
lti-0
J-OJl
u
*fo
Fff
<<¦/1
U72
kiln
11'7
32.0
(?¦?
*04/
((,4
W
/a/
3.76
¦—
—.
1
Jkfl!
(p
23
76
69 U2.
(1
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—
±(Q.
/U02
/0
2i>y
/lb-
76
2i+-4>'
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lov
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Jfa?
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IP
76
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/
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1 |
V
10
nT. ,
76
120
27?
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i
(
-------
APPENDIX A ¦ (CONTINUED)
LABORATORY DATA
T.E. MAXSOlJ "SOUTH" WTP
MEMPHIS. TN
CONTACT BASINS'
/—/$ r
/ /# /
A /0 /
/M^/i A
A'v vy ">£
Afmi
\MAwsf\
/ /mill
/JMETE
: / 3
/ mil
/ / / / / f
1
! CHM
1 SRD
: #¦
STATION
H
O
£
Q
<
C/>
><
TIME
/lO / 15 / 20 / 2!
/ min / min/ min / mir
r 7 7 Tf ~r w / /—coMi
3 / AO / 5° / 60/ 120/ / / /
i/ min / min / min/min / / / /
(fENTSy
/ /
1193
5"-2
Iff
/f?
7(f
1115 \u*l
£.4j'd
llU
\
10
n
76
11(55.
b-S
9
2fl
/2
!°
If
76
U55
4-5
f
-------
APPENDIX A (CONTINUED)
LABORATORY DA£a
.T.E.' MAXSON •"SOUTjl" WTP
MEMPHIS, TN
REAERATION BASINS
01 AN
SRD
STATION
MONTH
1
<
Ci>
JH
TIME
/#
i^WSw ////////
/////// /
////////
/ /
/ /
/ /
f-f
10
IS
76
l*.0B
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76
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U.titC
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(% ¦
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76
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yop
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no/
it)
2n
76
mo
*\W
-------
APPENDIX A (CONTINUED)
LABORATORY DAlCA
.T.E.' MAXSON ,mSOUT|1" HTP
MEMPHIS, IN
DIGESTERS
Oi M
sno
'If-'
STATION"
TDE
rP
%y c,»
' ¦S' "/W Co /v^Y
U17
S-/2
it
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76
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19
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76
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10
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-------
AFftMJiA A ^UUNilNUBIT,)
LABORATORY DA^A
.T.E. MAXSON'"SOUTH" WTP
MEMPHIS, TH
RETURN SLUDGE
MM.,
no*
-------
APPENDIX A (CONTINUED)
LABORATORY DATA
T'.E. MAXSON "'SOUTH? HTP
MEMPHIS, Tfl
RETURN SLUDGE & CLARIFIERS
-------
APPENDIX A (CONTINUED)
.LABORATORY dItA
T.E. MAXSON "SOUTH" WTP
memphtsv th ,
CLARIFIERS
//'$/////////////
/ / ®, / / / // / / / / / / / /
/ / 7
/ / *
7/
orn
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-------
APPENDIX A (CONTINUED)
INFLUENT COD
T. »¦_. MAXSON VJTP
DATE
TIME
FLOW(MGD)
COD(MG/L)
LOAD(#/DAY)
10/16
900
27.4
720.
164531.
10/lt)
1000
31.6
729.
192124.
lO/lo
1100
35.5
610.
239817.
10/16
1
-------
DATE
10/20
10/20
10/20
10/20
10/^0
10/20
10/20
10/20
10/20
1 0/20
1 0/20
1 U/20
10/20
10/20
10/20
10/20
10/21
10/21
10/21
10/21
10/21
10/21
10/21
1 0/21
APPENDIX A (CONTINUED)
INFLUENT COD
T. E. MAX SON n/TP
TIME FLOW(MGD) COD(MG/L) LOAD(#/DAY)
900 40.U 932. 310915.
1000 40.0 684. 228182.
1 100 40. 1 783. 261862.
1200 42.4 9b<+. 340886.
1300 42.0 1080. 378302.
U00 b4.6 1300. 594142.
1500 54.5 869. 394987.
1600 48.3 972. 391543.
1700 50.1 956. 399449.
IriOO 43.8 892. 325840.
1*00 <+5.0 1070. 401571 .
2U00 54.4 1240. 562582.
2100 46.3 98 0. 378<+19.
2200 43.0 1010. 367260.
23l)0 43.4 1010. 36557b.
2400 44.1 12bO. 463420.
100 <+4.4 980. 362890.
200 44.1 924. 339842.
300 43.b 932. 33889o.
<+00 <+2.0 932. 332b79.
500 40.o 741. 250906.
600 35.D 629. 186228.
700 31.8 248U. 657726.
800 31.b 1910. b06555.
AVERAGE
-------
APPENDIX A (CONTINUED)
INFLUENT COD
T. E. .IaXSON viTP
date
TIME
FLOfc(MGD)
10/22
900
30.0
10/22
1000
32.4
10/22
1100
35.9
10/22
1200
43.2
10/22
1300
43.b
10/22
1*00
43. a
10/22
lbOO
44.1
10/22
1600
4b.a
10/22
1700
36.0
10/22
IdOO
31. a
10/22
1900
31.0
10/22
2000
32.7
10/22
2100
39.1
10/22
2200
32.6
10/22
2300
39.6
10/22
2*00
41 . b
10/23
100
32.6
10/23
200
32.4
10/23
300
32. 6
10/^3
400
31.3
10/23
bOO
28.3
10/23
600
24.4
10/23
700
23. 7
10/23
600
22.2
COD(Mti/L) LOAD ( «/DAY)
421.
105334
306.
82686
313.
93714
774.
278863
595.
215860
63b.
231960
7f 7 .
274742
bO J .
194424
1120.
354950
1370.
363340
12b0.
331515
12^0.
332716
920.
300006
I44d.
393688
1 03d.
342814
1171.
405295
lOfb.
285862
107b.
291293
1276.
349052
1052.
274616
807.
190470
1237.
251724
7dl .
142511
4b3.
89426
AVERAGE
34.7 897. £57369.
-------
APPENDIX B
DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATIONS
-------
STATION OATE
NORTH BASIN
N-1A
N-1A
N-lA
N-lA
761018
761019
761020
761023
N-1B
N-1B
76101B
761023
N-1C
N-1C
N-1C
N-1C
761018
761019
761020
761023
zzzz
1 1 1 1
761018
761018
761020
761023
N-2B
N-2B
761018
761023
N-2C
N-2C
761018
761023
N-3A
761023
N-3B
761023
N-3C
761023
N-4A
761023
N-4B
761023
N-4C
761023
ZZZZ
1 1 I 1
761018
761019
761020
.761023
N-5B
N-5B
761018
761023
N-5C
N-5C
N-5C
761018
761019
761023
N-6A
N-6A
N-6A
N-6A
N-6A
761018
761019
761020
761023
761023
N-6B
N-6B
761018
761023
N-6C
761023
N-9A
N-9A
N-9A
761018
761019
761020
N-9C
N-9C
761018
761020
APPENDIX B
T.E. MAXSON WTP DISSOLVED OXYGEN
CONCENTRATIONS
TEMP DO-MG/L OO-MG/L OO-MG/L OO-MG/L D0-M6/L OO-MG/L
CENT 1 FT 6 FT 11 FT 12 FT 15 FT 16 FT
25.0
24.5
24.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
24.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
24.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.0
25.5
25.0
25.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
26.0
25.0
25.0
26.0
26.0
24.5
26.0
25.0
26.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.2
3.4
0.2
0.5*
0.6
4.8
2.2
0.0
1.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
1.3
0.5
3.3
J:f
4.6
3.3
0.6
4.4
7.0
2.4
6.3
5.2
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
3.4
0.4
5.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.4
1.0
0.0
3.3
0.5
4.6
2.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
1.8
0.7
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.2
3.2
4.2
5.4
5.6
5.0
0.0
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2
3.4
0.0
4.2
0.2
0.0
0.2
1.0
3.0
0.2
4.4
2.2
0.6
2.7
2.0
-------
STATION DATE
NORTH BASIN
N-10A
N-lOA
N-lOA
N-lOA
N-11A
N-11A
N-11A
N-11A
N-11A
N-11B
N-UB
N-13A
N-13A
N-13A
8=138
N-14A
N-14A
N-14A
N-14A
N-14A
761016
761018
761019
761020
761018
761018
761019
761020
761023
761018
761023
N-11C 761023
N-12A
N-12A
N-12A
N-12B
N-128
N-12C 761023
761019
761020
761023
761018
761023
761019
761020
761023
761018
761023
N-13C 761023
761018
761018
761019
761020
761023
N-14B 761023
APPENDIX B
T.E. MAXSON WTP DISSOLVED OXYGEN
CONCENTRATIONS
N-14C
N-14C
N-14C
761018
761019
761023
TEMP
CENT
25.0
25.0
25.0
24.0
26.0
26.0
25.5
25.0
23.0
26.5
22.0
23.0
26.0
25.0
23.0
26.5
23.0
23.0
24.0
24.0
23.0
23.5
23.0
23.0
24.0
24.5
24.0
23.0
23.0
24.0
24.5
23.0
DO-MG/L
1 FT
1.6*
1.6
0.4
6.2
2.0"
1.8
0.4
3.2
8.4
2.0
8.9
8.6
1:1
8.1
2.4
8.2
8.3
.S:4
2.4
g*9
2.4
2.6
0.4»
0.6
0.3
3.1
0.6
1.0
0.2
1.8
DO-MG/L
6 FT
1.5
0.4
3.8
1.7
0.4
3.2
2.0
1.0
3.1
2.3
3.4
2.9
0.4
0.1
3.1
0.9
DO-MG/L
11 FT
8.4
8.9
8.6
8.1
8.2
8.2
2.2
2.2
2.4
0.4
0.9
1.6
OO-MG/L
12 FT
1.2
0.0
3.1
1.6
0.4
3.1
1.9
1.1
3.1
2.2
3.4
2.8
0.2
3.2
0.9
OO-MG/L
15 FT
DO-MG/L
16 FT
0.3
1.4
1.9
2.2
2.7
0.0
0.8
-------
STATION DATE
SOUTH BASIN
APPENDIX B
T.E. MflXSON WTP DISSOLVED OXYGEN
CONCENTRATIONS
TEMP
CENT
DO-MG/L
1 FT
DO-MG/L
6 FT
DO-MG/L
11 FT
DO-MG/L
12 FT
DO-MG/L
15 FT
DO-MG/L
16 FT
S-lA
S-l A
S-l A
S-lA
7bl018
761019
761020
761023
25.0
25.0
24.0
25.0
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
|:it
761018
761023
25.0
25.0
0.2
1.4
0.1
1.1
0.1
S-1C
S-1C
761018
761023
25.0
25.0
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
S-2A
S-2A
S-2A
S-2A
S-2A
761018
761018
761019
761020
761023
25.0
25.0
25.0
24.5
25.0
0.3°
0.3
2.2
6.6
0.9
0.2
2.3
6.6
0.2
0.1
1.6
6.6
S-28
S-2B
761018
761023
25.0
25.0
0.4
1.4
0.2
1.0
0.1
S-2C
S-2C
S-2C
761019
761020
761023
25.0
24.0
25.0
0.2
3.3
0.4
0.1
3.0
0.2
0.1
2.2
S-3A
S-3A
S-3A
761020
761023
761023
25.0
25.0
26.0
0.1
5.9
1.9
S-3B
761023
26.0
1.4
0.5
S-3C
S-3C
S-3C
761020
761023
761023
25.5
22.5
25.5
0.4
4.3
0.5
0.2
0.2
S-4A
S-4A
761020
761023
25.0
26.0
3.0
5.8
2.9
2.7
2.6
S-4B
761023
26.0
6.0
2.1
S-4C
S-4C
761023
761023
26.0
25.0
6.1
4.1
S-5A
S-5A
S-5A
S-5A
S-5A
761018
761019
761020
761023
761023
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.5
26.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.0
S-5B
S-5B
S-5B
761018
76,1023
761023
25.0
26.0
25.5
0.4
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.2
S-5C
S-5C
S-5C
761018
761019
761023
25.0
25.0
25.0
0.8
0.3
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.0
0.4
S-6A
S-6A
S-6A
S-6A
S-6A
761018
761018
761019
761020
761023
26.0
26.0
26.0
25.0
25.5
0.4*
2.8
0.8
2.6
1.1
2.6
0.6
2.5
0.5
2.3
0.4
2.0
S-6B
S-6B
761018
761023
26.0
25.5
2.8
1.8
2.7
1.3
2.4
S-6C
S-6C
S-6C
761020
761023
761023
25.0
26.0
25.5
0.4
3.1
0.2
2.9
0.2
1.0
2.3
1.6
-------
STATION DATE
SOUTH BASIN
S-7A
S-7A
S-7B
S-7B
S-7C
S-8A
S-8A
S-8B
S-8B
S-8C
S-11A
S-11A
S-11A
S-11A
S-11A
S-UB
S-11C
S-12A
S-12A
S-12A
S-12C
S-12C
S-13A
S-13A
S-I3A
S-13C
S-13C
S-14A
S-14A
S-14A
761023
761023
761023
761023
761023
761023
761023
761023
761023
761023
761018
761018
761019
761020
761023
761023
761023
761019
761020
761023
S-12B 761023
761023
761023
761019
761020
761023
S-13B 761023
761018
761023
761018
761020
761023
APPENDIX B
T.E. MAXSON HTP DISSOLVED OXYGEN
CONCENTRATIONS
S-14B 761023
S-14C
S-14C
761019
761023
TEMP
CENT
25.5
26.0
25.5
26.0
25.5
25.0
26.0
25.0
26.0
26.0
23.0
23.0
22.5
21.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
22.5
21.0
19.5
19.5
20.0
19.5
22.0
21.0
20.0
19.5
23.0
19.5
23.0
21.0
19.5
19.5
22.5
19.5
DO-MG/L
1 FT
0.6
0.4
0.2
5.7
6.1
3.5
5.6
6.7
8.2
6.6
6.2
6.2
6.6
8.2
7.0
7.0
6.5
6.2
8.2
7.4
7.8
7.9
4.9
8.1
3.9
7.7
8.2
7.9
8.2
7.4
DO-MG/L.
6 FT
6.5
8.1
6.5
6.8
8.0
7.5
4.8
2'9
7.6
DO-MG/L
11 FT
0.3
0.1
0.0
1.2
2.3
3.0
6.3
5.9
6.5
6.8
6.3
6.2
7.8
7.9
7.9
8.1
7.7
7.3
DO-MG/L
12 FT
DO-MG/L
15 FT
DO-MG/L
16 FT
6.5
6.5
6.8
8.0
7.5
4.6
3.8
7.6
6.4
4.6
3.8
-------
APPENDIX B
761019
76)020
T.E. MAXSON WTP DISSOLVED OXYGEN
CONCENTRATIONS
DO-MG/L
11 FT
STATION
DATE
TEMP
CENT
OO-MG/L
1 FT
DO-MG/L
6 FT
CLARIFIER
C-2N
C-2N
761018
761019
24.5
25.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
C-3N
C-3N
761018
761019
24.0
25.0
0.4
0.1
0.2
C-2S
C-2S
761018
761019
24.5
25.0
0.4
0.1
0.2
C-3S
C-3S
761018
761019
24.5
25.0
0.3
0.1
0.2
C-4S
C-4S
761018
761019
24.5
25.0
0.2
0.1
0.0
INFLUENT
24.0
24.0
0.2
0.2
0.2
OO-MG/L
12 FT
0.2
0.0
0.0
DO-MG/L
15 FT
OO-MG/L
16 FT
• BASIN DO METER READING
TEMPERATURE ARE SAME FOR EACH STATION DEPTHS
DISSOLVED OXYGEN SAMPLE STATION LOCATIONS
T. E. MAXSON WTP
-------
APPENDIX C
OXYGEN UPTAKE PROCEDURE
-------
APPENDIX C
OXYGEN UPTAKE PROCEDURE U
A. Apparatus
1. Electronic DO analyzer and bottle probe
2. Magnetic stirrer
3. Standard BOD bottles (3 or more)
4. Three wide mouth sampling containers (approx. 1 liter each)
5. DO titration assembly for instrument calibration
6. Graduated cylinder (250 ml)
7. Adapter for connecting two BOD bottles
B. Procedure
1. Collect samples of return sludge, aerator influent and final
clarifier overflow. Aerate the return sludge sample promptly.
2. Mix the return sludge and measure that quantity for addition
to a 300 ml BOD bottle that corresponds to the return sludge
proportion of the plant aerator, i.e. for a 40% return sludge
percentage in the plant the amount added to the test BOD bottle
is:
300 X .4 120 .
1.0 + .4 ° 174 = 86 mi
3. Carefully add final clarifier overflow to fill the BOD bottle
and to dilute the return sludge to the plant aerator mixed
liquor solids concentration.
4. Connect the filled bottle and an empty BOD bottle with the
BOD bottle adapter. Invert the combination and shake vigorously
C-l
-------
APPENDIX (Continued)
while transferring the contents. Re-invert and shake again
while returning the sample to the original test bottle. The
sample should now be well mixed and have a high DO.
5. Insert a magnetic stirrer bar and the previously calibrated
DO probe. Place on a magnetic stirrer and adjust agitation
to maintain a good solids suspension.
6. Read sample temperature and DO at test time t=). Read and re-
cord the DO again at 1 minute intervals until at least three
consistent readings for the change in DO per minute are ob-
tained (ADO/min). Check for the final sample temperature.
This approximates sludge activity in terms of oxygen use
after stabilization of the sludge during aeration (unfed
sludge activity).
7. Repeat steps 2 through 6 on a replicate sample of return sludge
that has been diluted with aerator influent (fed mixture) rather
than final effluent. This A DO/minute series reflects sludge
activity after mixing with the new feed. The test results in-
dicate the degree of sludge stabilization and the effect of the
influent waste upon that sludge.
The load factor (LF) , a derived figure, is helpful in evaluating
sludge activity. It is calculated by dividing the DO/min of fed sludge
by the DO/min of the unfed return sludge. The load ratio reflects the
conditions at the beginning and end of aeration. Generally, a large
C-2
-------
APPENDIX (Continued)
factor means abundant, acceptable feed under favorable conditions. A
small LF means dilute feed, incipient toxicity, or unfavorable conditions.
A negative LR indicates that something in the wastewater shocked or poi-
soned the "bugs".
—I Taken from "Dissolved Oxygen Testing Procedure," F.J. Ludzack and
script for slide tape XT-43 (Dissolved Oxygen Analysis - Activated
Sludge Control Testing) prepared by F. J. Ludzack, NERC, Cincinnati.
C-3
-------
APPENDIX D
GENERAL STUDY METHODS
-------
APPENDIX D
GENERAL STUDY METHODS
Methods used to accomplish the stated objective included extensive
sampling, physical measurements and daily observations. The WTP influent-
effluent stations were sampled for seven consecutive 24-hour periods with
ISCO Model 1392-X automatic samplers. Aliquots of sample were pumped at
hourly intervals into individual refrigerated glass bottles which were
composited proportional to flow at the end of each sampling period. Addi-
tional individual hourly influent samples, over three 24-hour periods were
analyzed for COD.
Flows were determined from plant totalizers and hourly computer
print outs.
All dissolved oxygen levels were determined using the YSI Model 51A
dissolved oxygen meter.
An Analytical Measurements Model 30 WP cordless pH recorder was
installed at the grit chamber to monitor influent pH through the sampling
periods. Temperatures and pH were determined at other stations with
thermometer and portable pH meter.
Depth of the secondary clarifier sludge blankets were determined
daily using equipment suggested by Alfred W. West, EPA, NFIC, Cincinnati (10).
Sludge activity was determined by the oxygen uptake procedure pre-
sented in Appendix C.
A series of standard operational control tests were run daily:
(1) Settleability of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS)
as determined by the settlometer test;
D-l
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(2) Percent solids of the mixed liquor and return sludge
determined by centrifuge;
(3) Suspended Solids and Volatile Suspended Solids analysis
on the aeration basin mixed liquor and return sludge;
(4) Turbidity of each final clarifier effluent.
Visual observations of individual unit processes were recorded.
Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute
endorsement or recommendation for use by the Environmental Protection
Agency.
D-2
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APPENDIX E
INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGERS
NONCONNAH CREEK BASIN AND PRESIDENTS ISLAND BASIN
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APPENDIX E
NONCONNAH CREEK BASIN
INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGERS
NONCONNAH CREEK BASIN AND PRESIDENTS ISLAND BASIN
AAA ALUMINUM
AIR PRODUCTS 5, CHEM, INC.
ALCO-GRAVURE. INC.
ALLIED MILLS (LAMArO
ALTON BOXBOARD
ALUMA FORM, INC.
AMERICAN CAN CO.
AMERICAN FABRICATING ENG., INC.
AMERICAN MOLDED PLASTICS
AVIATION MAT'LS, INC.
W.M. BARR & CO.. HC.
BEMIS CO., INC.
RUTH BERRY CO.
R.H. BOGLE CO.t INC.
BOISE CASCADE
BONO MFG. CO.
BROYLES BAKERY
BRYCE CORP.
BUCKEYE CELLULOSE (S.PLT.)
BURK-KALL PAINT CO.
C.P. INDUSTRY, INC.
C & R CABINET
CARRIER EXCAVATION &, FOUND.
CENTPAL SOYA
CHAPMAN CHEMICAL
CHECKS, INC.
CHEMICAL DYNAMICS. INC.
CHICKASAW BROOM MFG. CO.
CHRIS FIELOER CO.. INC.
CLEO WRAP. INC.
CELVEPAK CORP.
COLE MANF. CO.
CONE MILLS, INC.
CONLEY FROG & SWITCH
CONSOLIDATED PACKAbING CORP.
COTTONWOOD CONVERTING CORP.
COYNE CYLINDER
CRAFT MACHINE, INC.
CREATIVE MFG. CO., INC.
CROWN ZELLERBACH
CUMMINS MID-SOUTH
DQF FOODS
D & W PLATING
THE DAVIS CO.
DELTA CHEMICAL CO.
DELTA REFINING CO.
DIXICO. INC.
DIXIE LITHO PLATE, INC.
DUNAVANT ENTERPRISES
ELY-WALKER
EZON PRODUCTS
FAMOUS PIES
FIBERFINE OF MEMPHIS
FISCHER STEEL CORP.
FORT IFIBER CORP.
FHITO-LAY
FRUEHAUF CORP.
GANT IND.. INC.
GATES LUMBER
GEM. INC.
GENERAL CABLE CORP.
GENERAL METALS
GENtRAL PRINTING INK CO.
G.D. GOODFELLOW CO., INC.
J.O. GOSHORN CO., INC.
GOULD, INC.
GRINNELL F. P. SYSTEMS
HANSON ENGRAVING
HARBIN MIX CO., INC.
HIGHS ICE CREAM
HOERNOR WALDORF CORP.
HOLIDAY PRESS
HOLIDAY WOODCRAFT
HUNTER FAN & VENTILATING
.aUNIrWESSON FOODS, INC.
ILLINOIS CENTRAL/JOHNSTON YD.
IDEAL CHEMICAL CO.
INDUSTRIAL UNIFORM «. LINEN SER.
INMONT CORP.
J & J QUICK MEATS
JIFFY PRINT
JOHN DEERE
JORDAN CO.
W.S. JORDAN SAND & GRAVEL CO.
KEATHLEY'S INC.
KEIFFER PKG. CO.
KELLOGG CO.
KIMCO AUTO PRODUCTS
KING JUICES
KLINKE BROS. ICE CREAM
KRAFT FOODS DIV. OF KRAFTCO
KROGER - FRISCO
LEHMAN ROBERTS
LILLY CO.
MCCLEARY, INC.
MEMPHIS DINETTES, INC.
MEMPHIS FURNITURE CO.
MEMPHIS PLYWOOD CORP.
MEMPHIS SMELTING & REFINING (FORMERLY MEMPHIS LEAD CO.)
MEMPHIS SASH & DOOR
MID-SOUTH REFRIGERATEO WHSE.
MIO-WEST FARMS
MSU PRESS
J.W. MOORE PRINTING CO., INC.
MOORE (, SON
NATIONAL MFG. CO., INC.
NATIONAL STARCH & CHEM. CO.
NORTON MFG. CO.
NYLON NET CO.
ORGILL BROTHERS CO., INC.
OVERHEAD DOOR CO.
PERMANENT RECORDS CO.
PIONEER METAL SPEC.
PLASTIC COLORS UNLTD.
PLASTIC PIGMENTS (J fc C COLOR IND.)
POLYMER INDUSTRIES, INC.
POLYPRODUCTS, INC.
PRECISION THERMOPLASTICS CORP. (THERMOPLASTICS CORP.)
PRO-SERV
QUALITY INO. UNIFORM SERV.
RADEFIELDS BAKERIES
RAINBO PHOTO SERVICE
RALSTON PURINA (MEAL DIV.)
RALSTON PURINA (PROTEIN DIV.)
REXHAM CORP.
RICHARDS MFG. CO.
RIVIANA FOODS, INC.
ST. JOE PAPER CO.
SCHLITZ BREWING CO.
SHANNON BROTHERS LUMBER CO.
SHASTA BEVERAGE CO.
D.ti. SHELTER PRODUCTS
SHULTON, INC.
SINCLAIR i. VALENTINE
J.M. SMUCKER CO.
SOUTHEAST INK i, LACQUER
SOUTHERN COTTON OIL
SOUTHERN FAdRlCATORS. INC.
SOUTHERN LAMINATING
SOUTHERN METAL (PLAST. DIV.)
SOUTHERN PAPER PROD., INC.
SOUTHERN WOOD PARTS, INC.
SPECIALITIES, INC.
STANDARD BRAKE SHOE & FOUND.
SPECTRUM CEREMICS
J. STRICKLAND & CO.
STUCK. INC.
STYRO-FLORAL PRODUCTS, INC.
TENN. FABRICATING CO.
TENSION ENVELOPE CO.
THORNTON'S FLAV-O-RICH OONUTS
TRI-STATE COMMUNICATIONS
TRI-STATE IND. (GLASGOW GRAVEL)
UNIFORM CORP.
UNITEO PAINT CO.
USS AGRI. CHEM. DIV.
VALLEY PRODUCTS CO.
VICO DIESEL
WAR BROOKS> INC.
WATKINS PRODUCTS. INC.
WELLS LAMONT
WESTERN PAPER
WHITE STONE CO.
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APPENDIX E (CONT'D)
INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGERS
NONCONNAH CREEK BASIN AND PRESIDENTS ISLAND BASIN
PRESIDENTS ISLAND BASIN
AciEhICO INC.
ahoekson chemical co.
AWMCO STEEL CORP.
ARMOUR FOOD CO.
AhiHuw TRAILERS* INC.
htLL-MEMPHlb* INC.
BENGAL WIRE
BLOCK DRUG CO.
CARbILL* INC.
CARoILL * INC. WET LORN MILL PLANT
Cbl NUCLEAR
CHEMICAL SPECIALTIES
CONSTRUCTION PRECAST CONCRETE
DIXIE MILLS COMPANY
DIXIE PORTLAND FLUUk MILLS. INC.
FAITH MEMPHIS PLATING CO.
FEATHERLITE CORPORATION
GENERAL ELEC. MPHS. LAMP PLANT
HENUER'S BOILER I ANK CO.
LILLY INDUSTRIAL COATING* INC.
MEMPHIS BUTCHERS
MEMPHIS SHEET METAL WORKS* INC.
MEMPHIS WIRE & IRON WORKS
MID-AMERICA INDUSTRIES* INC.
MID-SOUTH METAL TREATING
MID-SOUTH PLATING CO.
MILLER TRANSPORTERS* INC.
NAT BUR.ING
NATIONAL ALFALFA DEHY & MILLING
NATIONAL BEDDING & FURNITURE
NATIONAL DISTILLERS PRODUCTS
PIPER STEEL PROCESSING
PORTEC* INC.
PRIMARY STEEL* INC.
REES MEMPHIS* INC.
RICHARDSON INK CO.
ROYAL CROWN BOTTLING CO.
SHELTON TRUCK & TRAILER* INC.
SPEAS CO.
SYTHAX CORP.
THERMO-PAK BOILERS* INC.
TROJAN LUGGAGE CO.
UNARCO COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
WESTERN TAR PRODUCTS CORP.
WILLIAMS MACHINE WORKS
*U.S.GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1977-742- 38^ 4 3 5 IreGION NO. 4
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