Woler Pollution Series, No. 58
Delaware River Basin
ZONE 4
A Cooperative Stote-Federal Report on Water Pollution Control
DELAWARE
Water Pollution Commission
Stote Board of Health
NEW JERSEY
Department of Health
PENNSYLVANIA
Sanitary Water Board
Deportment of Health
THE INTERSTATE COMMISSION
ON THE DELAWARE RIVER BASIN
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE
Public Health Service
North Atlontlc Drainage Basins
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REPORT OS WATER POLLUTION COSTHOL
DELAWARE RIVER BASIS - ZOJffi k
prepared by
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF
EEALT3, EDUCATION, ASD WELFARE
Public Health Service
Division of Water Pollution Control
Jlortfc Atlantic Drainage Basins Office
April 1953
la cooperation with the:
Delaware Water Pollution Coanlssicn
Delavare State Board of Health
(w Jersey state Department of leal til
Sanitary Water Board, Pennsylvania Department of Health
Interstate Coamlaalon on the Delaware Biver Basin
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Public Health Service Publication Mo. 295
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Contents
DELAWARE RIVER BASIS - ZONE k REPORT
Introduction . .........................
Acknowledgments.........
Summary...... .........................
Conclusions.....
Recomuendat ions
phys icfetl Descript ion.
Economic Development.
Present and Future Uses of Water Resources
Pollution Contributed to Water Resources..................
Dosages to Water Resources from Pollution
Benefits Resulting from Pollution Prevention and Abatement
pollution Prevention Measures in Effect.
Pollution Prevention Measures Heeded.
Maps
Map Bo. 1 - Primary Water Uses and Stream Status...follows page 18
l*p HO. 2 - Sources of Pollution and Existing Treatment
Facilities... ....follows page lfi
Mftp No. 3 - Pollution Abatement Heeds... .follows page $k
Tables
Table A - Sources of Pollution - Municipal....... 19
Table B - Sources of Pollution - Industrial 20
Table C - Existing Treatment Facilities - Municipal............ 25
Table D - Existing Treatment Facilities - Industrial........... 27
Table E - Progress in Construction of Pollution Abatement
Facilities - Municipal and Industrial. 28
Table F - Waste Treatment Heeds - Municipal......... 3?
Table 0 - Waste Pollution Abatement Heeds.. 36
Table H - Status of Municipal Action on Pollution
Abatement Heeds.... 3d
Table 1 - Current 8tatus of Industrial Action on Pollution
Abatement Heeds... 39
Table J • Municipalities and Industries Heeding Improve-
ments for Abatement of Pollution* kO
Appendices
Basic Data Tables kZ
Table 1 - Basic Data on Sources of Municipal Pollution k$
Table 2 - Basic Data on Sources of Industrial Pollution........ 52
Appendix A - Sumnary of U. S. Geological Survey Stream
Flow Records. 62
Appendix B - Population Data 6k
Appendix c - Public Water Supply Data..... 69
Page Number
1
k
5
10
11
12
13
16
16
21
23
2k
3k
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IHTROWJCTIOH
The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, Public Lav passed
by the 8oth Congresa In June of 19^, provided for full recognition of the
primary responalbllltlea and rights of the states In controlling "water
pollution. It requires the Surgeon General of the Public Health Service
to cooperate vith other Federal agencies, vith State and interstate vater
pollution control agencies, and vith municipalities and industries in the
preparation or adoption of comprehensive programs for eliminating or reduc-
ing the pollution of interstate watera and tributaries thereof, and improv-
ing the sanitary condition of eurface and underground waters.
In developing these programs, due regard must be given to improve-
ments necessary to conserve the Bation's waters for public vater supplies,
propagation of fish and aquatic life, recreational purposes, agricultural,
Industrial, and other legitimate uses.
As a first step in carrying out thla requirement, the data avail-
able as of July 1, 1950, were presented in summary type reports covering
the major drainage basins in the United States, the data concerning the
Delaware River Basin being presented briefly in the summary report on the
forth Atlantic Drainage Basins.
The summary report considered the vater pollution problems of the
Delaware River Basin as a whole. Thia report contains pollution data avail-
able as of April 1953 and relatea to vater pollution control measuree In
Zone U of the Delaware River Baain.
Vater pollution control in thia region has been given considerable
study by the vater pollution control agenciea of the four States of law York,
lev Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware charged vith this administrative respon-
sibility, and the Interstate Commission on the Delaware River Baain (incodel),
a Joint cooperative agency maintained by the four states*
Pollution control activities of these agencies of the States are
supported by their respective State lavs relating to intrastate vater pollu-
tion and the Incodel lavs vhich have been passed by each of the Statea in
the form of reciprocal legislation for the control of the Interstate Delaware
River and ita tributaries.
The Incodel lavs enacted, Mev Jeraey - Chapter 1^6, July 1, 1939#
lew York - Chapter ^00, Nay 31, 1939; Delaware - Chapter 93 > May 8, 19^1;
and Pennsylvania - Chapter 123, April 19, 19^5J provide for the minimum
degree of treatment of wastes discharged in each of four cones of the Delaware
River Basin.
ZOBE 1: Zone 1 is that part of the Delaware River and ita West
Branch extending from the Hew Tork-Pennsylvania boundary line to the head of
tidewater at Trenton, Hew Jersey and Horrisville, Pennsylvania.
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The drainage basin contributory to this tone, excepting pert of
tie Lehigh Elver Baain, is relatively sparsely inhabited and contain* few
severed coma unities and relatively few ladwitrltl establishments producing
waste water. The streams draining this area being, In general, relatively
clean and of high elevation# W* well a&apt-ed aa aources of public vat-er
Buppiieij after treat¦eat or -purification.
The principal uaea of the vatera of the Delaware River in Zone 1
are expected to ha for vater supply after auch treetaest or purification aa
aay he necessary, and for recreation, ha thing, aalntenao.ee of f iah azkl
aquatic life, agriculture, and for other related purpose*.
ZONE 1\ Zone £ 18 S*1®* P*rt & th® Delaware River extending fro*
the head of tidewater at Trenton, lew Jersey and Ifcrrlerille, Pennsylvania
to a line drawn perpendicular to the channel of tbe Delaware Elver froa the
south of pennypack Creek in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to the corresponding
point on the lev Jersey shore.
The drainage basin contributory to this zone is soaevhat acre
densely populated than that of Zona 1> *nd it contains aore sewered coKuat-
tles and industrial estahlia2nsents.
The principal uaea of the waters of the Delaware Elver in Zone 2
are expected to be for water supply, after trestaent or purification., and
for recreation, navigation, Maintenance of flah and aquatic life, agricul-
tural, industrial and other purposes.
ZOHE 3s Zone 3 1® that pert the Delaware River extending fro*
the aforesaid line connecting the south of Pennypack Creek in Philadelphia
and the corresponding point U* *** Jersey to tbe PeimsjlTsnla -Delawsre
boundary line.
The drainage basic contributory to this tone contains populous
metropolitan areas Including Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and Caaden, lev
Jersey.
The principal uses of the waters of the Delaware River in Zone 3
are expected to be for navigation} industrial water sqpply, and other pur*
poses.
The water in this tone, however, should he of auch sanitary quality
that it will not he unfit for uaa aa sources of water supply, will not he
baneful to flab life, and will not adversely affect tbe quality of the vatera
of the tidal tributaries.
2QSB ht Zone \ is that part of the Delaware River extending froa
the Pennsylvania-Delaware boundary line to the Atlantic Ocean.
The principal uaea of tha waters of the Delaware River in Zone k
*re expected to be for navigation, industrial water auppllee, coanerclal
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fishing, shellfish cuitmre, recreation and other purpoaea.
This report deacrlbss the status «i of April 1953 & coag>re-
henelve inter pollution control program conducted "by tie Delaware Water
Pollttioo Coniftaloc.^ the lev Jersey Stats Department Qt Health, the Sani-
tary Hater Bosrd of the Penney Irania Department of Health »&& -he Ittferatate
CeamiaaioD on tie Del*vara Bi*er Basin
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The Public Health Service wishes to acknowledge the cooperation
and assistance of those agencies and individuals that have contributed to
the preparation of this report.
The Delaware Water Pollution Commission and State Board of Health,
the lew Jersey State Department of Health, and the Sanitary Water Board in
the Pennsylvania Department of Health, have furnished the data from which
the various tables were prepared and other data and information contained
in the narrative statements. The Interstate Comission on the Delaware
River Basin also supplied considerable data and assisted in drafting por-
tions of the report. These agencies have, in addition, reviewed the pre-
liminary draft of the report and offered valuable consents and suggested
changes, in general, the preliminary draft has been revised so that this
report is in agreement with the consents and suggestions of the participat-
ing State and interstate agencies.
Federal agencies from which assistance was obtained include the
Corps of Engineers, Department of the Army; the Geological Survey, Fish
and Wildlife Service and Bureau of Mines, Department of the Interior; the
Department of Comnerce; the Department of Agriculture; and the Federal Power
Comission. The report was reviewed and cleared by the Federal Inter-agency
River Basin Committee.
Finally, there is acknowledged the assistance of other State and
Federal agencies and individuals interested in water resources development
end conservation that have contributed information through other sources
than those listed above.
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SUMMARY
The area known as Zone fc of the Delaware Slyer la that part of the
Delaware River and Bay extending from the Pennsylvania -Delaware boundary line
to the Atlantic Ocean. The drainage area contributory to this aection la
approximately 2^3^ square miles excluding the surface area of Delaware Bay.
It la divided entirely among the Statea of Delaware, lew Jersey, and
Pennsylvania, except for eight square idles that extend into Cecil County,
Maryland. This region, which ccwprlsea about 19 percent of the drainage
area of the entire Delaware River Basin, includes the major portions of New
Castle and Kent Counties and part of Suaaex County In Delaware; the whole of
Salem County, almost all of Cumberland County and sections of Cape Nay,
Gloucester, and Atlantic Counties in Hew Jersey; and about half of Chester
County and small aegmenta of Delaware and Lancaster Counties in Pennsylvania.
The population of the area la approximately 497,000, an increase
of about 19.5 percent aince 19*0. Of this population, about 210,000 reside
in the Wilmington-lew Caatle County area of Delaware. Within the 12 count lea
wholly or partially In Zone 4 there are numeroua political sub-divisions
including 10 cities, 18 boroughs, 27 towns and 70 townahlps.
For the most part manufacturing is centered in the highly indus-
trialised area around Wilmington, Delaware which contains textile finlahing,
chemical, vulcanised fibre and leather manufacturing, automobile aaaembling,
shipbuilding and other induatrlea. in the Brandywlne Vallfey area paper
manufacture la a leading Industry. Agriculture la the main purauit through-
out the rest of the area, although coaserclal fishing and shellfish produc-
tion are Important aourcea of Income in Delaware Bay. excellent tranaporta-
tlon facilities connect the region to the major Eastern markets.
The principal uaea of the Delaware River and Bay in Zone 4 are
for navigation, industrial water supply, shellfish culture, commercial
flahlng and recreation.
Water for domeatlc and industrial requirements ia taken from both
surface and underground aourcea. About kj million gallona of water per day
are supplied to 316,000 people in the baaln by 66 public water supply sys-
tems. Of this amount about 64 percent ia derived from aurface water drawn
from the Christina River and Ita Brandywlne and White Clay Creek tributaries.
The remainder la drawn from 52 underground aourcea scattered throughout the
area. All of the aurface water aupplies except for one minor facility are
filtered and chlorinated at water treatment planta.
A survey of Industrial water use conducted by Incodel in 1951 esti-
mated that induatrlea located along the Delaware In Zone k used lfcfi mgd of
which 133 mgd are drawn from the atream. In addition miUlona of gallona
from trlbutarlea are used dally by planta throughout the area.
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.t.rMms receive the waste wmters discharged from 56 municipal!-
. H«T*rate pollution sources which serve a population of
eont®ining ^ ^ ftbout 59 percent of the estimated population and
approxiijately 295# #hM8nts ln are*. Thirty-six of these municipali-
J™te T7 sewage treatment works serving a population of 15^,250. The
fro* 22 of these municipalities serving about 11*0,650 population
raw wastes rro* tf lintreated directly to watercourses in Zone K, Much of
viii he alleviated when the Wilmington-Hew Castle County trunk
wier systSa and treatment plant now under construction «re completed.
vastes from 6l industrial establishments are discharged directly
, -n hut three producing organic vastes. Data available from
aA Zr tMmmm ulmnts indicate the discharge of a pollution load equivalent to
£,?f£?1 SSSlItiSn of 1,876,000. Treatment facilities are provided at 3k
establishments. Ten industrial sources in Delaware, four of vhich
hi™ «ste treatment facilities, will be connected directly to the Wilmington-
irev castle County trunk sewer system while numerous other establishments will
he served by it through municipal sever aystema.
Much of the daa»ge to the Delaware River in Zone k ia attributable
. .. _ __i dotting upstream in Zone 2 and particularly in Zone 3, the
Phi lade lphia -Camden section. The low dissolved oxygen content of the water
«m» lover Delaware is evidence of its poor quality. Shad migration has
The shellfish industry has suffered losses because of pollution
reaching the Delaware Bay «ea. Certain former growing areas in the norther*
at the Bay are closed for the taking of shellfish. The tidal section*
oJ Lur streams ia Delaware and the Cohansey and Maurice Rivers in Hew Jersey-
have also been condemned for the taking of marketable oysters because of
pollution conditions.
In order to maintain navigation in Wilmington harbor, costly dredg-
, operations must be carried on to clean out the heavy deposits of silt
whfrhuaed to fill the harbor at a rate of about 12 feet in depth each year,
flmmoe solids combine with this silt in sludge banks which cause odors and
Mses that discolor paint. The Corps of Engineers also carry on a
drld^nTurogram in the lower Delaware River to maintain a kO foot channel
a«>th ud to Philadelphia. Devaluation of property adjacent to polluted
streams has reached into millions. Oil pollution has destroyed natural
habitat for fowl and muskrat in Delaware where hunting la a million dollar
sport.
It is expected that pollution abatement measures underway in Zone 3
and almsd at completion by 1956 will vastly improve the quality of the Dela-
vare waters entering Zone Unhealthful and unsightly conditions la the
Christina River, Brandywine, White Clay and Red Clay Creeks will be ellalaattt*
hy the Wilmington - Hew Castle County trunk sewer system. ^
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Benefits fro* pollution abatement and soil conservation practices
are already In evidence on the Brandyvlne. Sow Brandyvlne Industries,
paper In particular, have found that the reusable vaste products recovered
st their treatment installations have yielded profitable returns.
The 37 municipal sewage treatment plants In the basin serving
15^,250 population consist of 16 primary plants serving 69,000 and 21
secondary treatment plants serving about 85,250 more. At present no treat-
ment facilities are provided for almost 50 percent of the severed popula-
tion. Represented largely in this latter group is the population of Wilming-
ton and neighboring communities of lev Castle County vhich vill soon be
served by the Wilmington - lev Castle County trunk sever project. The
vastes vill be treated at a primary plant now under construction in Wilming-
ton. Hlne sewage treatment plants and four industrial vaste treatment planta
now in operation will be abandoned and connected to the nev trunk sever sys-
tem.
Of the 6l industrial establishments in Zone k discharging vastes
directly to streams, 3^ produce food products. Included in these are 2k
canneries, 6 packers of poultry and meat products and k dairies. The paper
Industry ranks second vlth lH- planta located in and around the Brandyvlne
Valley. Thirty-four industrial establishments provide treatment facilities
for their vastes, vhlle 27 discharge untreated vastes. Improvements are
needed at 19 of the plants vhich now provide treatment.
A list of the municipalities and industries needing improvements
as of April 1953 for abatement of pollution in Zone t of the Delaware River
Basin is set forth in Table J. Basic data aa of thia aama date on the
sources of municipal and industrial pollution appear in Tables 1 and 2 la
the Appendices.
The minimum requirements of Incodel for treatment of vaates dis-
charged into Zone k of the interstate Dels vara River are aa follows:
Z01E hi 1. Such effluent shall be free of noticeable floating
solids* oil or grease, and substantially free of both suspended solids and
a leek.
2. Such effluent shall be sufficiently free of turbidity
that it vill not cause substantial turbidity in the waters of the Delavare
River after dispersion In the vater of the river.
3. 8uch effluent shall show a reduction of at least
fifty-five (55) percentuw of the total auapended solid* and shall be subject
to such further treatment aa may be needed to prevent a nuisance.
k. Such effluent, if it be discharged vithin prejudicial
influence of a public vater vorka Intake, or of recreational areas, or of
shellfish grounds, shall at all tlasa be effectively treated vlth a germicide,
except that in the caae of recreational area influence, such treatment need
not he provided during the period from October fifteenth to Nay fifteenth
of each year.
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5. Such effluent shall he sufficiently free of acids,
alkalis, and other toxic or deleterious substances that it vill not create
a menace to the public health through the use of the vaters of the Delaware
River for public water supplies, or render such vaters unfit for commercial
fishing, shellfish culture, recreational, industrial, or other purpoaes.
6. Such effluent shall he practically free of substance*
capable of producing offensive tastes or odors in public vater supplies
derived from the Delaware River.
Progress in stream pollution control in the area has been steadily
advancing. In 19^9 Delaware enacted a conprehensive State vater pollution
control act vith authority vested in the newly created Water Pollution Com-
mission which was given vide powers to administer and enforce all lavs re-
lating to water pollution, to set up rules and regulations, and to conduct
surveys, investigations and research. To date the Delaware Vater Pollution
Commission has Issued general orders governing the submission of plans and
specifications for proposed sewage treatment plants and reports for proposed
Industrial waste treatment plants. The Board of Health has conducted stream
investigations in the Zone 4 area for the Commission. An extensive public
information program is carried on in addition to its formal activities.
As the pollution control laws in Hew Jersey and Pennsylvania were
amended and strengthened better results In pollution abatement have been
obtained. lev Jersey has completed an industrial waste survey of zone k and
corrective action is underway. In the Pennsylvania section treatment facil-
ities are provided for all but one municipal source and three Industrial
sources of pollution. These have facllltlea under construction or la advmacmd
stages of planning. The progress made by these States has been under the
coordinated program prepared cooperatively by them and Incodel for the control
of pollution in the Delaware River Basin.
In the Brandyvine Creek drainage area vhlch lies In Pennsylvania
and Vorthern Delaware a private citizens group, the Brandyvine Valley Assoc 1*
tlon, has been formed to protect and conserve the natural resources of the
valley. This unique organisation, deriving all of Ita funds from private
contributions and relying solely on education without any legal authority l*
achieved notable success in avakenlng the people of the Brandyvine Valley'to*
their vater resources problems and in helping solve them.
Hev construction since Vorld War II has been largely confined to
pollution sources in Pennsylvania on the Brandyvine and its trlbutarlea. m
all, six municipal and eight Industrial plants have been constructed or* im-
proved. Rapid progress is being made toward completion of the Wilmington-**
lev Castle trunk sever system and treatment works vith completion rniiirtnil
the fall of 195^ »t a cost of $14.5 million. This prlmwy treatment plant
will serve 65 percent of Delaware's population and £5 percent of ita industry
A statistical summary of the data aet forth in the report la abaL.
in the following tabulation.
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DELAWARE RIVER BASH - ZOHE fc
Summary Statistics on Pollution
April 1953
Extracted and Condensed fro* Tables in the Report
Sources of Pollution
Municipal industrial
60 6l
29*,900
Existing Waste Treatment Facilities
Municipal Industrial
Primary Secondary Ho Ho
Treatment Treatment Treatment Treatment Treatment
lumber 16 21 23 3* 27
Population Served 69,000 85,250 11*0,650
Waste Treatment Heeds
Municipal Industrial
Ho Project Project undeter- lo Project Project Undeter-
Meeded Heeded mined Heeded Heeded mined
Humber 10 *5 5 12 *3 6
Population Served 17,200 275,350 2350 -
Current Status of Action on Known Treatment Heeds
Municipal Industrial
Planning Inactive planning Inactive
Under con- or Plans or Unde- Under con- or Plans or Unde-
¦ truetIon Approved temlned structlon Approved ternined
Humber 22(a) 16 7 U(«t) 2* 8
population Served 177,650(a) 75,850 21,850 - - -
Hunber
population Served
(a) Includes 16 municipalities (20 sources) with a sewered population of
135 #650, and 10 industrial plants which will he served by the Wilming-
ton-Hew Castle trunk sewer system now under construction and will
receive primary treatment in Wilmington prior to discharge to the
Delaware River.
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COHCLUSIOIS
A review of the data contained In the report Indicates the follow-
lug conclusions:
1. The water quality of the Delaware Rlrer from the northern
boundary of Zone almost to the Bay la poor. Much of this
damage is attributable to pollution occurring upstream in Zones
2 and 3, particularly the Philadelphia-Caaden area. The qual-
ity of the water in a number of tributaries in Delaware and
Hev Jersey has been impaired to the extent that marketable
oysters are no longer permitted to be taken frdm them. The
lower Christina River and its Brandywine, Red Clay and White
Clay Creek tributaries have been seriously polluted by munic-
ipalities and Industries in the Wilmington-Hew Castle County
area of Delaware and in past years by similar sources In the
upper reaches in Pennsylvania.
2. The coordinated efforts of the Delaware Water Pollution Com-
mission, lew Jersey Department of Health, the Sanitary Water
Board of the Pennsylvania Department of Health and Incodel
are producing effective results In the abatement of stream
pollution in the area. Unhealthful and unsightly conditions
in the Christina River and Brandywine, White Clay and Red Clay
Creaks vill be eliminated by the Wilmington-Hew Castle County
trunk sewer system and treatment plant which are now under
construction. All municipalities and all but a few industrial
establishments in the Pennsylvania portion of Zone k already
have treatment facilities. It is also expected that pollution
abatement measures underway in Zone 3 vlll result in vastly
improved quality of Delaware River waters entering Zone 4.
The program underway is directed toward the elimination by
1955 of all discharges of pollution which do not meet the
Incodel requirements.
3. Data concerning municipal sources of pollution are reasonably
complete. Additional information is needed concerning the
pollution load being discharged to the streams from industrial
establishments.
It. Activities for informing the public of the necessity for
municipal and industrial waste pollution abatement have been
fruitful. The Brandyvine Valley Association has achieved
notable success in awakening the people of the Brandyvine
Valley to their water resources problems and in helping solve
them.
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BECOMMEHD&TIOHS
It Is recommended that:
1. The Delaware Water Pollution Comission, the Sew Jersey De-
partment of Health, the Sanitary Water Board of the Pennsyl-
vania Department of Health and Incodel continue their coop-
erative program to bring about water pollution control
projects in a logical and equitable sequence for restoring
and preserving the water resources of the region for their
maximum appropriate usefulness.
2. Investigations into the sources of pollution, water use,
requirements of water resources for municipal and industrial
purposes and stream water quality surveys be continued to
enable an appraisal of improvements resulting from pollution
control, the effects of future municipal and Industrial
expansion on stream conditions and to determine adjustments
that may be needed to maintain the streams for their appro-
priate uses.
3. Efforts be continued toward the development of proper land
use practices in the area for water and land resources
conservation.
k. The State agencies charged with controlling stream pollution
continue their public Information programs to enlist public
support for cleaning up pollution of the streams.
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REPORT OJ WATER POLLLTPTQB
DELAWARE RIVER BASI»-rgg|igai
PHTSICAI" DESCBIPTIOI
The area known as Zone ^ of the pelade River Basin lies in the
northeastern half of Delaware and the southwestern section of Hew Jersey
and also includes a snail portion of southeastern Pennsylvania. The drain-
age area extends fro* the Pennsylvania - De ware boundary line on the west
bank and Hortonvllle, Jersey in » uthern Gloucester County on the east
bank to the Atlantic Ocean and includes Delaware Bay. it Includes 2^3^
square miles excluding the surface area of Delavare Bay, an& is divided
among: Delaware - 100* square mile»> Hew Jersey - lolto square miles,
Pennsylvania - 302 square miles, and Maryland - o square ailes. This area
represents about 19 percent of the entire Delaware River Basin of approx-
imately 12,760 square ailes.
The basin lies within the two main Physiographic divisions of the
Atlantic 81ope: (1) the Piedmont Plateau in the Brandywine Valley to the
"fall line"; and (2) the Coastal Plain, extending eastward from the "fall
line" to the Atlantic Ocean. Moat of Delaware and Jfev Jersey in Zone k are
part of the Coastal Plain and consist of low, flat land with few hills as
high as 100 feet above sea level. In sharp contrast is the topography in
Pennsylvania, where the Brandywine Creek originates in the foothills of the
Appalachians and flows southeasterly through hill country until it crosses
the Delaware line. There it flows in a deep canyon and drops at Great Talla
into an estuary of the Christina River, a tributary of the Delaware.
Soli types vary in the different sections of the area from mostly
silt loam In the north to sandy loams predominant in lew Jersey and southern
Delaware. The soil 1# ^el1 *uited to agriculture, particularly track farm-
ing In the sandy loan areas.
The cliaate in the region is temperate. The mean annual tempera-
ture ranges from about 53 1® the northern section to 560 near the southern
end of Delaware Bay. Average suamwr temperature is about 75° and the aver-
age winter temperature about 36 . Coastal Plain winters tend to mlldnesa
and sumsers are characterised by high humidities coupled with heat which is
however, not often excessive. Precipitation Is well distributed throughout'
the year with a somewhat greater amount falling during the warmer portion
of the year. The average annual precipitation varies from about ko
near Cape May, lew Jersey to about k6 Inches in the northern area. While
different years show much variation, especially locally, droughts and exces-
sive net periods are unco«son. The "growing season" or frost-free period
in the area Is rather long for the latitude, averaging about 190 days.
Unlike the rest of the streams In the ares, the Brandywine, flow-
Ing down from the hill region of Pennsylvania, is subject to turbulent floods
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In the Mew Jersey Coastal Plain area the presence of an impervious soil
layer Just below plow depth greatly reduces Infiltration and causes high
runoff. The low stream gradients do not permit rapid disposal of the flood
runoff.
Stream flows In Zone k are usually lowest during August, September
and October. There are 2k non-recording and 3 recording precipitation sta-
tions and also 12 stream gaging stations in this area. The gaging stations
are all located on tributary streams since the Delaware Hirer and Bay are
both tidal and therefore flova must be estimated. A gaging station is
maintained above the head of tidewater on the Delaware River at Trenton in
Zone 2 where the flow of the river is measured. To this figure must be
added the flows from tributaries below the gaging station in Zones 2 and 3
and the flow of the Schuylkill River in order to estimate the flow in Zone
4. A summary of the stream flow records at the gaging stations in Zone k
may be found in Appendix A. Further data concerning stream flows may be
found in "Surface Water Supply of the United states - Pert 1. forth
Atlantic Slope Basins", Geological Survey Water-Supply papers Issued by
the Department of the Interior, Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.
Ground water is used quite extensively throughout this area for
water supply purposes, particularly in the Hew Jersey section and lower
Delaware.
Many smell tributary streams enter the Delaware River and Bay la
Zona These include Baamans Creek, Christina River, Appoqulnimlnk Creek,
Blackbird Creek, Smyrna River, Lelpslc River, Dona River, Little River, St.
Jones River, Murderklll River, Kisplllion River, and the Broedklll River in
Delaware; and Salem Creek, Cohansey River and the Maurice River in lew
Jersey. All of these streams have relatively small drainage areea except
for the Maurice River Basin and the Christ in* River Basin. The latter re-
ceives the flow from the Brandywlne, Red Clay, and-White Clay Creeks.
xcoBomc isvxLQpmrr
This region contains a population of .approximately 497,000 divided
Imong tbe States about as follows: Delaware, 260,000] lew Jersey, 159,000*
Pennsylvania, 78,000; end a small aw* si in the eight square miles of the
te a in that extend^ into Maryland. Of this population about 210,000 or 42
percent of the total are concentrated in the highly industrialised Wilaing-
ton-Bew castle County area la Delaware. The only other population centers
of mors than 10,000 people in zone k are the Cities of Brldgston and Mi 11-
ville in lev Jersey and Coatearille, Pennsylvania. Veat Chester, Pennsyl-
vania which has sewage treatment plants la Zonae 3 and k, is considered
partially in both areas. During the period 19*10-1950, the basin population
jfaietm*ed about 19.5 pereeat.
-------
In the State of Delaware, Zone k co^iBes the Mjor portions ot
Hew Castle (69*) and Kent Counties (89*) and pa t of Sussex County (22%).
There are 5 cities and 27 towns reported in J|50 census in all or part
of 27 Representative Districts. Population of the8 32 fflUnicipal-
ities is considered rural. The New Jersey 8 h of zone U includes all
of Salem County, almost all of Cumberland County^(9^ about l/3 of Cape
May County (39%) and small portions of Gloucester and Atlantic (2%)
Counties. There are k cities, 9 boroughs and all 0r part of 32 townships
in the Hew Jersey area. The Zone h section or Pennsylvania includes about
half of Chester County (K9f>) attd sn*U segments of Delate {^) and
caster (0.5%) Counties in which are located 1 city, 9 boroughs and 38
townships. The small portion of Zone k in Cecil County (2%) Maryland is
in Election District 4, Fair Hill.
Population data for Zone 4 of the Delavare River Basin are shown
In Appendix B.
For the most part industry in Zone ^ is centered in the highly
diversified industrial area of Wilmington-Hew Castle County in Delaware.
This area draws upon the rest of the state and neighboring counties of-
Pennsylvania, Hew Jersey, and Maryland for food, raw material and labor sup-
ply. The Wilmington-Hew Castle County Area in 19Vf contained over 52% of
the industrial establishments in Delaware, employed 70% of the industrial
wage earners, and contributed about 67% of the value added by manufacture.
Hotable in the Wilmington-Hew Castle County Area are the textile finishing,
chemical, vulcanized fibre and leather manufacturing, automobile assembling
and shipbuilding industries. The U. S. Department of Commerce in the Census
of lfenufactures reports that in 19*7 there were HQs. industrial establish-
ments in the State of Delaware employing ^5 workers and adding a value
of |l83,088,000 by manufacture.
In the Brandywine Valley of Pennsylvania, paper manufacture is an
important industry. Chester County, about half of which is in Zone k, had
206 manufacturing establishments, employed l8,W-9 workers and added a value
to products of $93,100,000 by manufacture in 19^7.
In Hew Jersey there has been a recent influx of needle and sewing
trades into Cumberland County especially in the municipal centers. Large
deposits of silica sand In Salem County have made this region a center of
glass manufacturing, in the four counties of New Jersey which have more than
20% of their area within the Zona k drainage, there were klQ manufacturing
establlafcaenta reported in 19^7 employing 37,635 workera and adding
$211,165*000 ty manufacture.
Other important industries in Zone It- are commercial fishing and
•hellflab production especially in the Delaware Bay vicinity, it baa been
eat lasted that the 19U7 oyster catch in the State of Delaware alone amounted
to over 500,000 bushels.
- Ik -
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Except for the highly industrialized Wilmington area previously
mentioned, the main pursuits throughout the rest of Zone k of the Delaware
River Basin are agriculture and poultry raising. The favorable location
of this area near all of the large markets of the East, its cllaate and
soil conditions, and its excellent transportation facilities by rail,
truck, vater and air, make this section particularly veil adapted for
truck farming.
In the Brandyvine Valley of Pennsylvania and the rural section
of northern Delaware, dairy production confined largely to the sale of milk
is the leading source of farm income, although crop raising is important.
Chester County, Pennsylvania, leads the country in the production of mush-
rooms. The 19^5 Census of Agriculture reports that of Chester County
la farm land containing 1*172 farms vhlch sold $22,611,202 worth of farm
products in 19^5 •
In Kent and Sussex Counties are located the large poultry, fruit
and truck farms of Delaware. Poultry raising has developed into a leading
industry In the State with a peak production of 73 Billion broilers in
19U5. The truck farms produce diversified crops of aaparagus, lima beana,
tomatoes, sweet corn, cucumbers, snap beans, squash, pumpkins, spinach,
peppers and melons, some of which are moved by truck to the city markets.
A large proportion of the truck crop is canned which keeps the numerous
coaaercial canneries of the state busy from mid-summer until frost. In
19^5 there were 9296 farms in Delaware occupying 73* of the land area and
producing $62,253,000 Income from £arm products sold.
Salem, Cumberland, southern Gloucester and the weatern half of
Cape May Counties in lew Jersey are all mainly agricultural In nature with
the large part of the farm income from crop and poultry production. Sev-
eral food processors have established canneries for vegetables, especially
toantoes, in the area. In 19^5j the four counties contained 7310 farms
occupying over 395,500 seres and producing over ^5 Billion dollars income
from products sold.
The only timber growth of significance in the area is found almost
entirely on farms and undeveloped lands.
In 19^9, the effective buying Income in tha Delaware River Basin
• Zone k was estimated to range from $752- P«r capita in Gloucester County,
lew Jersey to $1637 per capita in lev Castle County, Delaware. In the City
of Wilmington the effective buying Income waa $1951 VV capita. The aver-
age for the entire United States was $1286 per capita.(1)'
Although much of the industrial and agricultural production of
Delaware is moved by rail and truck, large quantities are still waterborne,
the port of Wilmington being a main link along with Philadelphia and other
Delaware ports in the water transportation system.
(l) - Sales Management Magazine, "Survey of Buying Power", 1950
- 15 -
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The Wilmington area Is served by the main lines of both the
Pennsylvania and Baltimore h Ohio Railroads as veil as the Wilmington
Northern Division of the Reading Railroad. The Del-lfrr-Va Division of
the Pennsylvania Railroad links southern Delaware and the rest of the pen.
Insula to Wilmington. The Central Railroad of Hew Jersey is the «in rail
line In the Jersey section of the basin.
Highway facilities in the area are excellent. The Dupont High,
way through Delaware, the Delaware Manorial Bridge spanning the river near
Wilmington and the lev Jersey Turnpike all connect to form a fast dual-
lane road northward to Philadelphia and Hew York City.
FRESEHT AXD FUTURE USES OP WATER RESOURCES
The principal uses of the Delaware River and Bay in Zone k are
expected to be for navigation, industrial water supply, shellfish culture
coamerclal fishing, recreation and other purposes. Except for the Chris-.'
tins River and Its tributaries, there are virtually no surface aources
used for public water supply in Zone 4. Wilmington draws over iK *gd, and
tovns in Pennsylvania drav about 3.5 mgd from the Brandyvine and lta trib-
utaries. A private water coapany serving part of the suburban area adJa-~
cent to Wilmington draws about 10 ngd from the Christina River and Whit#"
Clay Creek. In Hew Jersey the three largest coamunlties, Bridge ton, Mill,
ville, and Salem drav part of their supplies from lakes and paVt from
underground sources. Of the 66 sources of public water supply in the basin
Ik are drawn from surface streans, *9 fro* wells and 3 fro* springs.
Approximately kf million gallons are supplied daily to 316,000 people in
the baa in, about 6U percent of which originates fro* surface waters.
Thirteen surface supplies are both filtered and chlorinated mlaaa
with six of the veil supplies, while 12 underground supplies and one minor
surface source are chlorinated. Wo treatment Is given to 31 underground
sources supplying 12-7 mgd to 68,000 population.
A survey of industrial water use conducted by incodel in 1951
estimated that Industries located along the Delaware River in Tatm k vmmA
lfe£ mgd of which 133 *gd are drawn froai the stream.
In addition to this amount, millions of gallons dally of procmaa
and cooling water from tributaries are used throughout the area by paner
plants, steel Bills, chemical plants, canneries, textile mills, oyster
packing plants, public utilities and others.
All vessels going up or down the Delaware River most pass through
Zona fc. In addition to the main ship channel entrance through Delaware!*
an alternate approach la provided by the Delaware and Cheaapeake ^T^al
It la a government -owned toll free sea level canal, which affords am *
water route between points on the Delaware River and Baltimore ami Tthsi
. 16 .
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Chesapeake Bay ports. The canal is a link In the Atlantic Intercoastal
Waterway from Boston to Miami.
The port of Wilmington, although evershadowed by Philadelphia fur-
ther upstream, is still a port of call for practically all shipping in the
Delaware River and Bay and is the home port of the famous Delaware River
pilots. During the year 1948, the port of Wilmington handled 1,585,408 tons
of traffic, about 65% of which originated at or was shipped to points on the
Delaware River and its tributaries or moved locally within the port area.
An additional'13^ consisted of Internal receipts and shipments which entered
or left the Delaware River by way of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. The
tonnage consists mainly of bulk shipments of petroleum products, gravel and
sand, and sulfuric acid. Pulp and paper products are also Important cargoes.
In 1948, Wilmington handled 102,977 tons in foreign trade, over 99% of which
was imported to this country.
Comaercial fishing in the Delaware River and Bay includes both fin
fish such as shad, striped bass and sea trout, and shellfish as clams, oysters,
lobsters and crabs. The greatest portion of the income derived by the com-
mercial fisheries is presently contributed by shellfish. The value of the
catch from the Bay area in 1949 was: oysters, $3,646,000;clams, $794,000;
an4 crabs, $415,000. The shad run on the Delaware which once totaled
16,000,000 pounds amounted to only 38*000 pounds in 1949* Large schools of
menhaden, a fish utilised for fertiliser and oil, are found in the Delaware
Bay* the catch of these each year amounts to many thousands of pounds and
the processing of them in plants at Laves, Delaware is extensive.
It is expected that in the future streams such as the Miepillloa
River, St. Jones River, Kurderklll River and Broedklll River in Delaware will
again become approved as shellfish growing areas. Pollution conditions have
caused these areas to be condemned for the taking of marketable shellfish at
present.
The waters of Delaware Bay are widely used for recreation. Boating
is popular throughout the area of Zona 4 and the recently built canal across
the tip of the Cape Nay peninsula connects the area to the Atlantic Coastal
waterways of lev Jersey. There are also extensive beach and bathing areea
along the lew Jersey shore of the Bay in Cape Nay County and along the Dela-
''were shore. These are largely undeveloped at present but offer vast oppor-
tunities for future development by the States. Dusk shooting and hunting are
jofrolar sports in the marah areas of Bew Jersey and the southern poortlo* of
Delaware which serve as stopping o-f points and wintering areas for many spe-
cies of migratory fowl. Along the Delaware River at Boafcay Book, a Batioaal
Wildlife Refuge has been established.
The existing primary water uaes and stream status are shown on Msp
*0. 1.
17
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POLLUTION CONTRIBUTED TO WATER RESOURCES
A summary of available data indicates there are 60 pollution 8 our cm
located in 56 municipalities in Zone V discharging waste directly to streams
or to the Bay through municipal sever systems. These systems serve a popu-
lation of approximately 295*000 or about 59 percent of the estimated popula-
tion of the area and alto receive the wastes of many industries. Of these
systems, 15 serve a population of 81,800 and discharge to the watercourses a
pollution load estimated to be equivalent to that from a population of 33,130
Data concerning the pollution load discharged from the remaining ^5 sources
vhlch serve 213,100 people are Incomplete. (See Table A.)
The major part of the pollution load is discharged from Wilmington
and from adjacent conunlties in Hew Castle County into the Christina and
Brandyvine. When the Wilmington-Hew Castle County trunk sever system ia com-
pleted, all of this rav sewage and considerable industrial vaste plus the
wastes now being treated in many small treatment plants in this area will bo
carried in the trunk sewer to the new Wilmington plant now under construction
The treated primary effluent from this one central plant will be discharged to
the Delaware River.
The Delaware State Board of Health has completed surveys for the
Water Pollution Commission of the Broadkill River, Mispillion River and Red
Clay Creek drainage basins in Zone 4. The investigation of the Christina
River with Its tributaries, such as the Lower Brandywlne and White Clay Creekm
Is underway. Stream conditions existing prior to the present Wilmington-Bey *
Castle trunk sewer construction have been ascertained and will be compared to
the post-construction period.
There are 6l industries in Zone 4 having separate outlets discharg-
ing wastes directly to watercourses, all but three producing organic waates
The wastes from 3d of these plants are equivalent to the sewage from a popul
lation of over 1,876,000. The strength of organic wastes discharged from 20
plants has not been determined. (See Table B.)
The greatest source of organic industrial pollution in Zone k is
the E. I. duPont de Nemours & Co. plant at Deepwater, Hew Jersey which alone
contributes wastes equivalent to that from a population of 1,600,000. Thla
plant has a compositing basin for neutralising Its wastes and is now planning
for further treatment. In Delaware there are 10 Industrial plants which will
shortly connect to the Wilmington-Hew Castle County Trunk sewer system after
vhlch they will no longer be considered as separate sources of pollution.
Map Ho. 2 shows the sources of pollution and existing treatment
facilities in Zone 4.
- IB -
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PAGE NOT
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DIGITALLY
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PAGE NOT
AVAILABLE
DIGITALLY
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TABLE A
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN r ZONE U
Sources of Pollution
April 1953
Municipal*
Municipalities
Earing data on
pollution load
discharged to
watercourse
Having popula-
tion dsta
available (Data
on pollution
load to water-
course incomplete
or not available) ^l (^5 sources) 213*100 Undetermined
TOTAL 56 (60 sources) 29**900
~Includes incorporated or unincorporated municipalities, other legal bodies
as sanitary districts, counties, towns, significant institutions, resorts,
recreational centers, or other population centers.
•~Includes industrial wastes discharged Into municipal sewerage systems.
Sources of
Pollution (In
Number of
Municipalities)
Amount of Pollution
Discharged to Water-
Population Served course (In Terms of **
by Sewerage System Equivalent Bo. of People)
15 (15 sources)
81,800
33,150
19
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TABLE B
DELAWARE RIVER BASIlf - ZOHE k
Sources of Pollution
April 1953
Industrial*
Industrie*
Producing
Organic Wastes
Producing
Organic Wastes
Producing
Inorganic Wastes
Sources of Pollution
(In number of plants)
38 (a)
20
Amount of Pollution Discharged
to Watercourae (In terma of
Equivalent lumber of People)**
1,676,350
Undetermined
Hot applicable
TOTAL 6l
* Industries having separate outlets discharging wastes directly to water*
course. The waste from industries which discharge Into a municipal a ever
aystem are Included in the municipal discharge in Table A.
** Population Equivalent - The calculated population which would normally
contribute the same amount of biochemical oxygen demand (B.O.D.) per day,
A coaanon base is 0.167 pounds of 5-day B.O.D. per capita per day.
(a) includes two sources which discharge both organic and sanitary aevage
wastes.
- 20
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DAMAGES TO MATER RESOURCES FROM POLLUTIOH
Much of the damage to the water resources of Zone of the Delaware
River is attributable to pollution which occurs upstream on the Delaware in
Zones 2 and 3 from Trenton to Marcus Hook. The Philadelphia -Camden area in
particular has been a major source of pollution vhich over the years has
caused damage to Zone For a detailed account of the water pollution prob-
lem in these areas the reader is referred to the previously published reports
of the Public Health Service on zonea 2 and 3 of the Delaware River. I2) '3)
A picture of the serious damage to the Delaware River can be aeen
in the analysis of the water as it enters Zone % from the area above. San*
plea taken by the Delaware State Board of Health in September 1952 above
ftfgenoor, about four miles below the zone k boundary, show that at dead low
tide the dissolved oxygen varied from as low as 10 percent of saturation in
the channel near Delaware to 4^ percent near the New Jersey shore. The lack
of dissolved oxygen could only be attributed to upstream pollution. Proceed*
ing downstream from Edgemoor there was a gradual increase in oxygen content
aore evident below Nev Castle* Samples taken in the channel 30 miles below
at Woodland Beach in Delaware Bay showed that the dissolved oxygen content
had risen to about 75 percent of saturation.
A previous water quality investigation of the Delaware River by
yilia et al., W concluded that the detrimental factors affecting shad
migration within the Delaware River aa measured in 19^6 could not be attri-
buted to other characteristics of the water thpn the low dissolved oxygen.
It was found that a barrier to the migration of shad to their spawning
grounds existed from Pennsville, New Jersey in Zone 1* to north of Philadel-
phia where the stream was found to contain less than 5 PP® dissolved oxygen
for some stretches less than 2 ppa. A dissolved oxygen content at 5 PP»
ia considered by the authors as the minimum that shad can tolerate at the
tine of their upstream and downstream migrations.
The shellfish Industry has suffered losses because of pollution
chlnp the Delaware Bay area* Is former years oysters were grown through-
out the Bay including the northern reaches and In the mouth of the Delaware
Biver above Liaton Point. How siuch of this northern area has been condemned
tot the taking of shellfish because of poor water quality and excessive
coliform concentrations.
(^Delaware River Basin - Zone 3, Water Pollution Series So. kl, Federal
Security Agency, Public Health Service, Jfcy 1952.
t3?pelaware River Basin - Zone 2, Water Pollution Series Ho. k&, U. S.
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, public Health Service,
September 1952,
Willis, M/ M., Westfall, B. A., Meyer, D. K., and Platner, w. S., "Water
finality Studies of the Delaware River with Reference to Shad Migration*,
- 21 -
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In Delaware the tidal areas of tbe St. Jones, Mispillion, Murder-
kill, and Broedkill Rivers have also been condemned for the taking of Market-
able oysters because of local sources of pollution. At present these areas
are used only as a source of seedling oysters vhich must be replanted In
unpolluted waters. A similar situation exists on the Cobarusey and Maurice
JRivers in Rev Jersey. Until condemned because of pollution, the lower reach
of the Hispillion alone had been a source of about 20,000 bushels of Market-
able oysters valued at $1*0,000 annually, under average conditions the annual
take on the Broadkill was 75*000 bushels worth $150,000. it has been esti-
mated that the million dollar shellfish industry could be Increased may fold,
after abatement of pollution permits reopening of the condemned areas along
with the improvement of existing shellfish area.
Corrosive wastes attaek shipping and excessive solids gather In
sludge banks which cause odors and discharge gases that discolor paint - «xi
of vhich are detrimental to navigation. The expense caused by silt eccumul*-
tions is evident in Wilmington harbor. In order to keep the harbor deep
enough for the ocean-going freighters, the U. S. Artsy Corps of Engineers are
required to remove over 1,500,000 cubic yards of silt by dredging operations
each year. The cost of this work hae been about $300,000 annually. A greater
damage has been the loss of valuable topsoll from farmland which fills up the
harbor at the rate of 12 feet each year frc* the Brandyvioe, White Clay and
Red Clay Creeks, and the Delaware and Christina. Devaluation of once valuable
property adjacent to these streams and In Wilmington harbor baa reached into
millions of dollars.
A similar situation on a much smaller scsle has occurred on the
MisplUion River vhich. is navigable to Milford and Is used today by the many
small boats In the area. The formation of sludge banks In the river has
necessitated costly dredging operations in order to maintain a navigable
depth.
In addition to these operations on tributary streams for the past
50 years the Corps of Engineers hare had a dredging program on the lower Dela-
ware River to keep tbe channel areas open to navigation. In order to maintain
the bO foot depth of channel to Philadelphia about 15,000,000 cubic yards of
silt are removed annually.
Oil pollution has destroyed natural habitat for fowl and muskrat in
Delaware where hunting i» a million dollar sport. In addition the Fish and
Wildlife Service reports that turbidity in upper Delaware Bay, resulting from
pollution, has been so great that valuable submerged plants can not survive
In the area, insufficient light penetration has eliminated important water-
fowl foods such as wild celery, eago, pondveed, naiads and widgeon grsss.
The injury to valuable aquatic life that depend importantly on this vegetation
has been tremendous.
The income formerly derived from the annual shad runs has declined
considerably along with the decrease in ahad entering tbe Delaware. This
22 -
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decrease has been attributed to the low concentration of dissolved oxygen
caused by pollution.
In the Brandyvine area the Brandyvine Valley Association has been
very active in helping to preserve the natural resources in the area but
damages are still evident. Records of tt. S. Geological Survey gaging sta-
tions show that in the tvo year period 19^7about 90>000 tons of silt
vere swept dovn the Brandyvine. Fishing in the Brandyvine had declined
considerably before the start of the correction program, the lower portion
of the stream being so polluted that fish could not survive at all.
BENEFITS RESULTING FROM POLLUTION FREVESTION
AHD ABATEMENT
The coordinated program of the Interstate Conmission on the Dela-
ware River Basin being carried out by the Delaware Water Pollution Couaissioa,
and State Board of Health, the Hew jersey State Department of Health and the
Sanitary Water Board in the Pennsylvania Department of Health in conformity
with the reciprocal agreement for the control of pollution in the vaters of
the Interstate Delaware liver, and supported by other interested agencies,
la eliminating the sources of pollution. It is hoped that by 195$ the vaters
in Zone 3> the zone of heaviest pollution immediately above Zone will have
reached a degree of recovery vhlch vill restore the dissolved oxygen content
to at least 50jt saturation at all times. This in turn insures that water
vastly improved in quality will enter into Zone It.
A sanitary survey of the Delaware River in the Zone 3 area under-
way since August 19^9 by the City of Philadelphia, the U. S. Geological Survey,
and lacodel indicates Improvement in the stream during the period of the sur-
vey. There has been a decrease in odors, an Increase in the dissolved oxygen
In many portions of the stream and a general improvement. Surveys by the Fish
and Wildlife Service indicate that shad runs on the Delaware could be restored
to their former abundance bringing a yearly income of three to four million
dollars when pollution is eliminated, provided that anticipated high dams do
not block the upstream migration.
In the state of Delaware the cleanup of pollution on the MUpillioa,
Murderkill, Broadklll and St. Jones Rivers would reopen those streams for the
growing of marketable shellfish. Progress Is well underway on the St. jones
River where Dover is new constructing additions to its treatment works and the
Dover Air Force Base is planning for additions to its facilities.
The expected completion of the Vilmington-fiev Castle county trunk
sewer system in the fall of 19 5 ^ will bring about a vaat Improvement lo th*
quality of vaters in the Christina River, Brandyvine, Bed Clay and White Clay
Creeks. Unhealthful and unsightly conditions vill be eliminated. Co\$led
Vith thla project in Delaware are the achievements in the upper tributaries
off the Brandyvine, Red. Clay and White Clay Creeks in Pennsylvania. Ittthia
23
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Zone h urea of Pennsylvania all nine severed municipalities and institutions
already have facilities for treating their sewage and 16 industries have
vaste treatment facilities, one is constructing nev facilities and the tvo
regaining plants are planning to construct then in the near future.
The benefits of these pollution abatement projects along with
those derived from the extensive soil conservation practices being instituted
throughout the Brandyvine Valley are already becoming evident. Added protec-
tion is sfforded to the auniclpal water supplies drawn frost these stresas.
The supplies of Vllalngton and the other commities drawing water froa the
Brandyvine together serve about 150,000 people vith 18.0 agd. These municipal,
ities and the industrial users receive s purer, less silt-laden water which
results in decressed treataent coats. The problems of the City of Wllaington
ija removing tastes and odors froa its water supply will be greatly eased.
The paper Industry in particular has derived double benefits froa
the pollution absteaent program, lot only does It receive a purer water essen-
tlal to the asking of quality paper, but in aany plants treatment installations
recover enough wasted process asterla Is to pay the cost of treataent and in
aoae cases to make their operation profitable. The recovery unit at the
Downlngtown Paper Company recovers large quantities of usable aaterial, f£br«
and filler and Is reported to be a profitable operation. The Lukens Steel *
Company In Coateavllle recovers iron oxide froa the vaste waters and returns
it for reprocessing.
Another benefit to be derived from the programs in the Brandyvlae
Valley and the other Christina River tributaries will be in improveaenta to
Wilmington harbor. Dredging coats, formerly in the neighborhood of $300,000
annually, vill be greatly reduced. Also the top soil vhlch comprised the bulk
of the silt load wi"ll remain on the farm lands where it Is put to profitable
use rather than being wasted down the river and hampering navigation.
Fishing is aleo improving on the Brandyvine vith the removal of the
heavy silt load and the Industrial pollutants which had been destroying fish
life. Vith the completion of the Wilmington systea and the removal of rav
aewage outfalls froa the lover Brandyvine, recreationsl facilities vill be
developed further in Brandyvine Bark. Fishing and bathing for children will
be possible without the present dangers to health froa untreated sewage, and
the aesthetic beauty of the streaa vill be returned.
FOLLVTIOl PREVHTTIOI MEASURES IN EFFECT
Treataent Facilities
In Zone of the Delaware River Basin, there are 37 municipal aewage
treataent plants in operation serving a population of 15^,250. of this number
16 plants provide primary treataent serving 69,000 people end 21 provide sec-
ondary treataent for 85,250 more. (See Table C.)
No treataent facilities are provided for 23 auniclpal systems vhlch
- 2k -
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TABLE C
DELAWARE RIVER BASIS - ZCKE H
April 1953
Existing Treatment racilitiea
Municipal*
Degree of
treatment
provided
Prlwry
Secondary
go Treatnent
Huaiber of
Municipalities
Served
16
2o(^i
22^
Vuriber of
Treatment
Plants
!£<•>
21
23
Population
Served
69,000
85»250
11*0,650
TOTAL
56(c)
60
29^,900
<«>
W
Include a incorporated cr unincorporated nmiclpalitleai other legal
bodies aa sanitary districts, counties, tovnsj significant institutions,
resorts, recreational centers, or other population centers.
Includes two plants vith minor treatnent facilities.
Vilalagtoa, Delaware la served "by one secondary treatnent plant and
tvo rev waste discharges, South. Coateavllle, Pennsylvania la served by
tvo secondary treatment plants and one rav vaate dlacharga.
Total corrected tor do tibia entry of Vllalngton and South Coateavllle
In both the secondary and no treatment colusms.
- 25 -
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carry the waste from about ll+O,650 population, or alaost 504 of the to*
population in Zone k served "by municipal sever systems, flepreaented
ly in this number are the population of Wilmington and neighboring coa^ff*
ties In Hew Castle county. These will soon be served by the
New castle County trunk sewer project and treated at a primary oiMt ?!"v.
located in Wilmington. y to *e
Thirty-four of the industrial establishments in Zone U. »»
by waste treatment facilities, while the wastes of the remaining 27 inST"6
tries are discharged untreated directly into watercourses. (See T»ih5. UV
It is to be noted that 3* of the 6l industries which are sources of Mllu
tion produce food and kindred products. Of this number 2k are can™.!!?
6 produce poultry or meat products and U produce dairy products '
industry rank, next vith H pj.*. in the Bi,ndyvlL7R^£j .^1?!I'er
Clay Creek basins. !Tbe chemical and metal industries follow in order ?!
number of sources of pollution. 111
Sew construction completed since World War II, 19^-10«52
abatement of stream pollution in Zone K of the Delaware River Basii bn* v
largely confined to sources on the Brandywine Creek and tributaries ^ n
Pennsylvania. Six municipal and eight industrial treatment works Lv« w
Downington^tov^11
enlarged and improved their old plants and two institutions have h»n+ ~L
facilities. Industries In iWylvMle which hsv.
wrks .re Batlon.1 Vulcanized Fibre Company and A. D. Pierce Come^ro
Clay Creek; Seabrook Farms on White Clay Creek; Eagle Paper Mills
Company and the Lukens Steel Conpeny on tributaries of the Brandvvln#
Delaware, the paramount Poultry Company has instituted extenaiw r>>,o«L ?
equipment design which will eliminate 95* of its vaate load Seahl£2P!L
m Hev jersey, the nation's Isrgest true! f.r, end St^od £=££
successfully instituted woodland Irrigation jractlces to dispose
process water in the soil, 1ZB *«ste
Incodel Requirements
J?* c°nt?°\of ^8tes discharged into the waters of Zone 4 of th.
Delaware Biw Basin is under the jurisdiction of the Water Pollution Co«
mission of the State of Delaware, the Hew Jersey State Department ofn^w
and the Sanitary Water Board of the Pennsylvania Depart*^ of Health
State has lavs controlling the discharge of wastes into the watersof th?
respective States. In addition thereto the states have enacted recw^fi
legislation known as the Incodel Act, which provides minimum treatmeS^I ,
aents for all wastes discharged into the Delaware River and the
the waters of any intrastate tributary of the Delaware iTOdiately
confluence with the Delaware River in condition at least equal to
Delaware River Uoaedistely above the confluence of such tributary. ^ '
laws enacted in these three States are Delaware - Chapter 93 ih» a
?r fsr* ^C^'T ?*' ** *•is3s'- -rS-S.JIlEX
19, 19*5 ~ There is close cooperation between the State water noliuti«£
agencies and Incodel, with Incodel acting as the coordinating control
• 26 •
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TABLE £
DELAWARE RIVER BASIS - ZONE k
Existing Treatment Facilities
April 1953
Induatri*!*
guaiber of ladmtrisl Plant* HSvlngi
Type of
Industry
lumber of
Plants
Treatment
Facilities
Bo Treatment
Facilities
food and Kindred
3*.(»)
19
15
Textile
2
0
2
Lafeer
1
1
TO
paper and Allied
Ik
8
6
Chaaical
6
3
3
primary Krtal»
1
1
0
fabricated Met*la
1
0
1
petrolevon and Coal
product*
1
1
0
Miscellaneous
1
l
0
TOTAL
61
3*
27
* Industries having separate outlets discharging wastes directly to water-
course.
(a) Includes the following breakdown.:
TypS of Pood and
Ilndred industry
Busbar of
Plants
luaber of Pood & Kindred Plants BavlnSt
Treatment bq Treatment
facilities Facilities
Cannery
Dairy
Abattoir (neat
or poultry)
k
6
10
5
6
lit
X
° .
food * Kindred TOTAL
3*
15
. 27 -
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TABLE E
DELAWARE BIVER BASIN - ZONE k
Progress in Construction of Pollution Abatement Facilities
Municipal
Year
19W>
19*7
19W
19^9
1950
1951
1952
Sewage Treatment
Plants Completed
1
1 (a)
Industrial
Amount of Waste
Treated (in terns
Design Waste Treatment of Equivalent No.
Population plants Completed of People
3 (c)
1200
6700
200
16,200
1
5
1 (b)
Data
not
avail*
able
(a) Enlargement
(b) Process changes
(c) 1 nev plant, 1 replacement, 1 addition
The minimum requirements of Incodel for treatment of wastes dis-
charged into Zone b of the interstate Delaware River are as follows:
ZONE 1. Such effluent shall be free of noticeable floating
solids, oil, or grease, and substantially free of both suspended solids and
sleek.
2. Such effluent shall be sufficiently free of turbidity
that it will not cause substantial turbidity in the waters of the Delaware
River after dispersion in the water of the river.
3. Such effluent shall show a reduction of at least fifty*
five (55) P®r centum of the total suspended solids and shall be subject to
such further treatment as may be needed to prevent a nuisance.
- 28 -
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k. Such effluent, if It be discharged within prejudi-
cial influence of a public water works intake, or of recreational areas,
or of shellfish grounds, shall at all times "be effectively treated with a
germicide, except that in the case of recreational area Influence, such
treatment need not be provided during the period from October fifteenth to
Hay fifteenth of each year.
5. Such effluent shall be sufficently free of acids,
alkalis, and other toxic or deleterious substances that it vill not create
a menace to the. public health through the use of the waters of the Delaware
River for public water supplies, or render such waters unfit for commercial
fishing, shellfish culture, recreational, industrial, or other purposes,
6. Such effluent shall be practically free of substances
capable of producing offensive tastes or odors In public water supplies
derived from the Delaware River.
State Laws and Regulations
On June 29, 19^9> Delaware enacted a comprehensive state water
pollution control act with authority vested in a newly created Water Pollu-
tion CojaniSBion. "Pollution" is broadly defined and refers to substances
rendering waters of the state unclean to the extent of being harmful or
inimical to the public health, or to animal or aquatic life, or to the use
of such waters for domestic water supply, Industrial purposes, recreation,
or other legitimate and necessary uses. It is the declared purpose of the
comprehensive law to safeguard the quality of State waters against pollution
by preventing new pollution and by abating pollution existing on the date
when the law was adopted. Under the statutes in effect prior to the enact-
ment of the comprehensive law, the safeguarding of the public health and the
protection of fish were considered the sole objective and the effect of pol-
lution on other water uses was not covered.
The Delaware Water Pollution Coamlssion, an independent body with
the State Board of Health as its administrative agent, has general supervision
over the admlnistrstlon and enforcement of all laws relating to the pollution
of waters and is directed to study and Investigate all pollution problems and
to make reports and recommendations thereon. The Conanission is also directed
to conduct scientific experiments, Investigations and research; to cooperate
with any public or private agency for this purpose and to accept funds on
behalf of the State. Authority is also granted to the Commission to enter
into agreements with other States and the Federal Goverrnasnt.
The enforcement provisions of the Delaware Act delegate to the
Commission the authority to issue general orders, adopt rules and regula-
tions applicable throughout the State for the installation, use and opera-
tion of sewerage systems, treatment of refuse and the disposal of industrial
or other wastes. Before these may be issued opportunity to be heard must be
granted to all interested parties. Special orders may be issued only after
29
-------
hearing and shall direct persona or political entitle* to comply therewith
within « specified time. Inspections and investigations are authorised to
insure cozqplisnce vlth Comieslon Issuances, and power to require submission
for approval of plans for treatment systems is granted.
To date, the Delaware Water Pollution Cannulasion has issued general
orders governing the submission of plans and specifications for proposed sew-
age treatment works and the submission of reports for proposed Industrial
waste treatment plants. Stream Investigations have been completed by the Board
of Health in the Broadkill River, Mispillion River and Bed Clay Creek basins of
Zone k. Still underway are investigations of the Christina Blver, Brandyvine,
White Clay# and Appoquinimunk Creek areas, and surveys of the remaining basins
in Zone 4 in Delaware are planned for the future.
Pollution prevention measures in Hew Jersey are based upon two l*v»»
both enacted in 1899 and later amended, and supplemented. One of these lavs,
%a Act to secure the purity of public supplies of potable waters", prohibits
the discharge of excrementel matter, industrial wastes or other polluting nat~
ter into water later used for potable purposes; as well as the deposition of
such materials upon the banks of such waters. However, "An Act to regulate
the discharge of effluents frcac sewage systems or works into potable waters";
(Act of 1921) provides that effluents from sewage and industrial waste treat-
sent plants nay be discharged into waters later used for public potable pur-
poses; provided, that, in the opinion of the State Department of Health, such
effluents discharged will or may not cause or threaten injury to the usera of
any of such waters. The second lav, the State Sewerage Act, applies to all
waters of the State. Under the provisions of this lav, the State Department
of Health la granted the following authority: (1) to investigate the various
methods of sewage or waste disposal in order that it may sake proper recoaaeod-
ations in regard thereto; (2) to require that anyone polluting the waters of
the State in such manner as to cause or threaten injury to any inhabitants of
the State, either in their health, comfort or property, cease such pollution;
(3) to require alterations, additions or improvements to sewage or industrial
waste treatment works; (k) to establish the conditions under which any sower,
drain or sewerage system shall be built; and (9) to establish the conditions
under which any plant for the treatment of sewage or other polluting substance
shall be built or operated. The law provides, further, that before the build-
ing of any plant for the treatment of sewage or other polluting substances,
the plans shall be submitted to the State Department of Health for approval.
The lew Jersey Department of Health has conducted en industrial waste survey
of Zone k and corrective action is underway.
The program for abatement of stream pollution in Pennsylvania is
conducted by the Sanitary Water Board, an agency within the Department of
Health, under the Pennsylvania Anti-Pollution Act of 1937 as amended in 19^5.
The first phase of the program, which involvee the issuance of orders to munic-
ipellties and Industries which are polluting the waters of the State to abate
the discharges of such pollution or sutaait to the Board plans of corrective
Measures for approval, is completed in Zone k of the Delaware River Baeln, The
second phase is concerned with the construction and operation of the required
- 30 -
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mat* treatment facilities. Following approval of the totalled plana the
Board iBSued orders requiring construction, and operation of the approved
facilities os. or "before specified dates. Thia phase of the pro gran in the
Pennsylvania section of the basin is also ire 11 advanced. All nunicipal-
itles have aevagg treatment varis est! a? &2se 2? industries Kbich discharge
tbetr vaate to atreauaBj lb lave feellitlaa in operation, one baa new facil-
ities under construction and the two reaainiag are La aivaaced plar.ripg
ate^ea. Two xujjiclpe 1 sewage treatment plant* are to 1m replaced ley a new
plant -rtiici rill aer-re the uk are* and. «.l»o en additional are* not nov
provided with treatment, Hev or reopened Industrial estatilialcaaents nu&t
provide for adequate waste treatment "before beginning operations.
Specific standards bare "been adopted by the Pennsylvania Sanitary
Vatar Board for certain industrial wastes including alUc processing vaatea,
colliery silt, acid pickling waste waters, waetes arising from the aaruifac-
ture of pulp, ptper, paper board and ainllar producta, oil ana natural g*a
valla, wastes fro®. otbeT vella, phenolic "bodies, oil bearing vaatesj distil-
lery vaates, tannery waste vatera and aloe drainers. The discharge of cya-
nides to the waters of the State is prohibited. In general the standards
aet forth valuta representative of standard, raw waste character 1stica which
serve aa the tula upon which the required degree of treatmst Is epplied.
Provisions governing financing the coaa traction attA operation of
Municipal semtge treatment plant a are contained in the laws of the respective
States.
The debt Halt in Hew Jer»*-y li T$ ctf the average •¦teasel valua-
tion of real Property including inpr^veaents for *unicipeii tlee and hf for
counties. A iruaicipality with indebtedness over the limit toy incur new
debt only vlt^is the limitations of the statute* vfcich in brief are the
orders of a superior governmental authority such •« aa order of the State
Departaant of Health to construct a sewer, capital debt for emergency pur-
poses such as fire, flood or other disaster, the refunding of floating debt
vith the consent of the State Funding Ccaeaiaalo^ and. the iusurrlng of gen-
eral fisfet baa^d on the amount of debt retired in a prior y&ar. The latter
ia a United power provided by statute to take care of cases where certain
capital expenditures should be incurred vhich do not fall In any of the
axaqpted classifications. A municipality nay Incur debt in excess of stat-
utory imitations if 14 6aa teen fatsod fir Use Statt Uapertajeofc of Seelth,
and an ordsr leeoeij tsat tbe a spend'.tore la UEiuaearty to Bretact the jntbllc
health sad to prevent or suppress a present nensce to the pdblic health of
sufficient gravity ta ^uetlfy "be incurrence of the debt, and that no lass
expensive aathod of jorawnting or suppressing such Menace ealata.
law Jersey also baa statutes under which sever districts vitbin a
Municipality or covering a complete municipality or two or «ore Municipal-
itiea nay he formed. The State also has a aever rental lair, under which
sewerage works aay he constructed and Maintained as tfparaW eotltlaa within
-------
other local government structures. The State also has a sewerage authority-
lav. Sewerage authorities may encompass a part of a municipality, a total
municipality or tvo or more municipalities. Sewerage authorities are sep-
arate entities which operate, after appointment, independently of the local
governing body.
The Anti-pollution. Lavs of Pennsylvania contain provisions relat-
ing to the financing of the construction of municipal sewage treatment plants.
Municipalities which are ordered to construct sewage treatment plants and do
not have sufficient funds on hand must acquire such funds through a bond
issue. If direct obligation bonds cannot be issued because of constitutional
debt limitations or failure to get consent of the electors financing can be
done by the establishment of a Municipal Authority to construct, improve>
maintain and operate sewers and sewage treatment works. A Municipal Authority
is created by the governing body of the governmental subdivision by passage
of an ordinance and the members of the Authority are appointed by the govern-
ing body which creates the Authority. (5) The existence of an Authority is
limited to 50 years and It must procure a charter from the State before it c«n
operate. In such cases a system of sewer rental charges Is practically always
adopted as the method for financing the sewage treatment facilities. The
Pennsylvania Supreme Court in a recent case ruled that Municipal Authorities
may assess charges against adjoining property owners to defray the expense ot
building a sewer. Financing of industrial waste treatment facilities Is
entirely the responsibility of the industry. In the case of the marginal Indus
try operating in keen competition, the cost of treatment facilities Is some-
times a major item of expense.
Other Measures in Effect
Soil erosion Is moderate in several portions of the area covered
in this report. Moderate sheet erosion exists in a portion of Chester and
Delaware Counties in Pennsylvania and northern Delaware, in Zone U in Hew
Jersey moderate sheet and slight wind erosion with occasional gullies exist.
Soil conservation districts have been established in the Hew Jersey section*
of the basin, in Chester County, Pennsylvania and Hew Castle County, Delaware.
Through the activities of the State Extension Services and the u. S. Soil con-
servation Service progress is being made In soil and forest conservation. The
agencies chiefly responsible for better forest conservation are the State
forestry departments, namely, the Delaware State Forest commission, the
Pennsylvania Department of Forests and Waters and the lew Jersey Department
of Conservation and Economic Development, Division of Forestry. Incodel in
cooperation with these agencies is active In the development of conservation
projects particularly on the small watersheds in the area. The Brandywlne
Valley Associstion has been largely instrumental In educating the populace and
furthering these activities in the Brandywlne area.
(5)
"'Financing Sewage Treatment Works - Panqjhlet issued by the Sanitary Water
Board, Pennsylvania Department of Health.
- 32 -
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The Interstate Coaaiission on the Delavare River Basin haa no en-
forcemeat powers. It is engaged in the formation and execution of a co-
ordinated, unified plan looking toward the vise use, development, and con-
trol of the resources of the Delavare River Basin as a vhole, Through its
cooperation with Federal, State and numerous local agencies and organizations
substantial strides are "being made in the pollution control program in Zone
of the Delavare River Baa in. Effective educational work is carried on to
acquaint the public with the problems to be uolved and procedures for accom-
plishing the control of pollution and development of the overall program in
the baein.
In Pennsylvania the Sanitary Water Board has an extensive educa-
tional program underway to enlist the support of the public and industry in
the Board*s program to control pollution of the streams. This activity is
conducted through the use of periodicals, colored posters, mailing leaflets,
special articles for technical publications, motion pictures, radio, press,
working models of installations, the extensive use of photographs and by
participation in meetings of civic, technical and other educational groups.
In Delavare the Water Pollution Commission In addition to its formal
activities also carries on an extensive public information program. This is
done by displays at special events, talks before various groups by Commission
members and staff, newspaper releases, radio programs, technical journal pub-
lications, river ba8in reports and vide distribution of annual reports and
other literature. Through the state Superintendent of Public instruction,
copies of the Hark Trail Adventure in Public Health and Conservation were
distributed to Delavare grade school children.
The Brandy*ine Valley Association has bean mentioned previously in
various sections of the report. This is a private citizens group which has
been formed to protect and conserve the natural resources of the valley.
Specifically, the Brandyvlne Valley Association, Inc., is engaged in encourag-
ing and aiding the people of the Brandyvine Valley to reduce soil erosion and
silting, lessen flood and drought damage, decrease stream pollution, Improve
and protect existing woodland, reforest marginal Linda, and preserve vildlLfe
and natural beauty. The Association cooperates vlth industry and minimus
In helping them to obtain good water and to solve vaste problems. Assistance
is given land owners in securing the services at conservation agencies in
putting conservation programs into effect. Silting sod stream flow are
studied in order to provide valuable factual data helpful In controlling
erosion, flooding and drought, and in measuring progress made In their control.
The Association also encourages the cleaning and stocking of the Brandyvlne
for fishing and advocates tree planting and sound voodland management. This
unique organisation, deriving all its funds from private contributions and
relying solely on education without any legal authority, has bad gr«at suc-
cess in awakening the people of the Brandyvlne Valley to their water resources
problems and in helping solve than.
-------
POLLUTIOH PREYEBTIOH MEASURES HEEDED
aevase treatsent plants are needed for 11 municipal sources of
^•nuMan iTJrtZ* t*e vtste. from 1^,000 people which discharge rev sewage
?^*^at£2saf Zone in addition 20 municipalities with a severed
into the stwamsor ^ ^ conaect to the vilmingfc©n-«ew Castle trunk
population, of 165,65 present, aloe Hate sewage treatment facil-
SIS SSFilj?»S%SS2Ji .«5 coition i. -to. !*«»«*. or
to ixlstiog facilities are needed at 11 other municipal treatment
addition to sxtstigs Three municipalities vith sewered popula-
f^"of^lO OOC ^ed to replace their presently inadequate vigor facilities.
t^tSS *«*» of 10 Municipalities serring 17,200 people are coa-
SSeJindeSSte^nd no projects are needed. The pollution prevention needs
of^350 people in fire *»U communities hsve not been determined. (See
Table P.)
fFWrnrm «» l8 industries in the Basin discharging untreated wastes
+A which awd new waste treatment plants or internal process
iL^Ho^bate their discharges. In addition to the Municipalities pre-
rationed, 10 industrial plants will connect to the Wilmington-lew
J«S^c^tr teuis sewer system. J our of these will abandon their present
SSLTSiltt*-. Th*re •» nix* ind«^ial wsste treatment plant, which
or additions to their facilities and six which need replace-
Silt ^SoJects are needed at 12 plants which are considered adequate while
the needs of six industrial plants hsve not been determined. (See Table 0.)
considerable advancement has been made in the program for control
pollution in Zone % of the Delaware River Basin. Bapid progress is being
toward cosoletion of the Wilmingfcon-iew Castle County trunk sewer system.
The contemplated co^l**1©® date for the entire project is in the fall of l95^,
I^««tSted 50i being collated as of January 1953. The cost for the City of
5?iSl£t£ is in the neighborhood of *9 million of the approximate total coat
S^X^million. The difference of #5.5 million is to be borne toy lev Castle
f*tv Thisproject iwolvea approximately of Delaware's population and
2?rf*itTi!dStrJ! The project consists basically of five large intercept-
l«i collecting sU of Wilmington's waste discharges and seven long
trJLk sewer llnss to various developed areas in the County, such as ffewark,
£?CaISJ! I«v Csstle Airport and lewport. All wastes are to he collected
m!l Seated, before discharge into the Delaware River, at a primary sewage
t^^Hknt now under conatructioa in the Wilmington area.
Pollution i^tnnt aMds «r» .liovn on M*p **>. 3«
WJor BTOBTM. j». «•
fectloi iUcl-rg.., «f
^r%r«T-«- .M veneration and South Coetesville carries oat its. pro-
*** »??» treatment. b«a? MalXfan «*-
tw •>< Wt «»•*«• *»1* • ¦*» Memittx pluk
en Taylor Bus.
- 3* -
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PAGE NOT
AVAILABLE
DIGITALLY
-------
table; f
DELAWARE RIVER BASIS - ZONE k
Waste Treatment Needs
April 1953
Municipal*
Needs Number of Sources Population Served
by Facilities
Few Plant 11 Ik,000
Connect to Trunk Sever
System 20 (a) 165,650 (a)
Enlargement or Additions
to Existing Plant 11 85,700
Replace Existing Plant 3 10,000
No Project Needed 10 17,200
Undetermined 5 2,350
TOTAL 60 29^,900
* Includes incorporated or unincorporated municipalities; other legal
bodies as sanitary districts, counties, tovnsj significant institu-
tions, resorts, recreational centers or other population centers.
(a) includes four primary and five secondary treatment plants serving a
total population of 39,Uoo which, will be abandoned and connected to
the Wilmington-New Castle County trunk sever system.
- 35 -
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TABU! 0
KLAVARE RIVER BASH - Z0» k
Waste Pollution Abatement Veeds
April 1953
Industrial*
Meeds
Hew Treatment Plant or Other Pollution
Control Measures iq
Connection to Trunk Sever Systems 2.0 (a)
Enlargement or Additions to Existing
Plant 9
Replace Existing Plant 5
Bo Project Xeeded 12
Undetermined g
TOTAL
* Industries having separate outlets discharging vastes directly to water-
course.
(a) Includes four industrial plants having treatment facilities at present
vhich vill be abandoned and 6 industrial plants with no treatment facli-
ttle 8. All vlU connect to the Wilmington-Key Castle County trunk sever
system.
- 36 -
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The industrial picture in Pennsylvania alio above that great prog-
rasa has been made. AH Industrial plants vhich discharge mates to water-
ways, except for three canneries, hare some type of waste treatment facil-
ities. One of these has facilities now under construction and the other tvo
are planning to construct then in the near future.
A aumnary of the current status of municipal action on pollution
aha tenant needs indicates that of 4-5 municipal sources of pollution in ^1
municipalities vhich need new facilitiea or improvement a, facilities new
under construction vill satisfy the seeds of 22 sources, this construction
will serve a population of 177*650. Fourteen municipalities with 16 sources
of pollution, and a population of 75*850, are in the planning stage or have
final plana approved. Seven communities vith 21,850 population are inactive
or their action is undetermined, (See Table H.)
A similar aumaary of the ^3 induatrlal plants in Zone k vith
waste treatment needs indicates that 11 plants have new facilities under
construction, 23 are actively planning for new facilities, and one has its
final plana approved. The actions taken hy eight plants are undetermined.
(See Table I.)
It should be noted that 16 of the municipalities, vith a severed
population of 135 >650, and 10 of the Induatrlal planta vhich are listed as
being under construction are connecting to the Wilmington-lev Caatle County
trunk sever system.
A list of the municipalities and industries needing isqprovements
as of April 1953 for abatement of pollution in Zone of the Delaware River
Basin are set forth in Table J. Basic data as of the same date on the
sources of municipal and industrial pollution entering Zone k are preeented
in Tables 1 and 2 of the Appendix.
- 37 -
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TABLE H
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZONE W
Status of Municipal* Action on Pollution
Abatement Needs
April 1953
Population Served
Status of Action Number of Municipalities by Facilities
Inactive or Undetermined 7 (7 sources) 21,850
Active Planning** 8 (8 sources) 45,600
Pinal Plans Approved*** 6 (8 sources) (a) 30,250
Under Construction 20 (22 sources) (b,c) 177*650
TOTAL 4l (45 sources) 275,350
* Includes incorporated or unincorporated municipalities, other legal
bodies as sanitary districts, counties, towns, significant institu-
tions, resorts, recreational centers, or other large population centers.
** Includes preliminary action such as securing engineering services, mak-
ing survey, preparing plans, arranging for purchase of site, developing
financial program, studying means for additional treatment, or considera-
tion of Joint treatment with industry or other municipalities.
~** Includes plans approved by state Water Pollution Control Agency or final
plans submitted to said Agency for approval.
(a) includes three sources from South Coatesville, Pennsylvania
(b) Includes three sources from Wilmington, Delaware
(c) Includes 18 municipalities (20 sources) with a sewered population of
135»650 which will be served by the Wilmington-Hew Castle County truck
sewer system now under construction and will receive primary treatment
in Wilmington prior to discharge to the Delaware River.
- 38 -
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TABIE I
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZONE ^
Current Status of Industrial* Action on
Pollution Abatement Needs
April 1953
Status of Action Number of Industries
Inactive
Active Planning** 23
Pinal Plans Approved*** 1
Under Construction 11 (a)
Undetermined 8
TOTAL ^3
* Industries having separate outlets discharging wastes directly to
watercourse.
** Includes preliminary action such as securing engineering services,
making survey, preparing plans, arranging for purchase of site,
developing financial program, studying need for additional, joint
or pre-treatment, pilot plant operation, internal process changes,
or negotiations vlth municipality to enter municipal sever system.
*** Includes plans approved by State Water Pollution Control Agency,
final plans submitted to said Agency for approval or permission
granted by municipality for connection to municipal sever system.
(a) Includes 10 industrial plants vhich vill he served by the Wilmington-
New Castle trunk sever system now under construction and vill receive
primary treatment in Wilmington prior to discharge to the Delaware
River.
- 39 -
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TABUS j
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZONE k
Municipalities and industries Reeding Improvements for
Abatement of pollution*
April 1953
Delaware
(Barkers Landing)
Barkers Landing Canning Co.
Bellefonte**
Bellevue**
Camden
Clayton
Clayaont**
Worth Steel Co.
Delaware City
Gov. Bacon Health Center
Dover**
U. S. Air Force Base
(Parnhurst)
Delaware State Hospital**
Frederica
C. Draper Bros. Cannery
(Georgetown)
jr. G. Townsend Canning Co.
(Harbeson)
Paramount Poultry Co.
(Harrington)
Harrington Canning Co.
(Houston)
Libby, McleiU & Libby Co.
Lewes
Marshallton**
Continental Diamond Fibre Co.
Hercules Experiment Station
(Middletown)
Cole Canning Co.
Hiiford
Milton
Drapers Cannery
Hilton Poultry Co.
Hewark**
Chrysler Corp.**
Curtis Paper Co.**
lational Yulclmlied Fibre Co.**
PhllliP* Caanery**
Hew Caatla**
Hew castle County**
Hew Castle Co. Airport**
Hew Castle Co. Workhouse**
Red Clay Creek Treatment Plant**
Shellpot Creek Treatment plant**
Hewport**
Krebbs Pigment Co.**
Wood Preserving Co.**
(Odessa)
Wadkins Canning Co.
Richardson Park**
(Rockland)
Doeskin Products Co.
(St. Georges)
St. Georges Canning Co.
Smyrna
Stanton**
Delaware Race Track
- ko -
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(Townsend)
Phillips Packing Co.
Wilmington**
Jos. Bancroft and Co.**
Container Corp. of America**
Dupont Country Club**
DuPont Experiment Station**
Shellpot Creek Treatment Plant**
Hey Jersey
Bridgston
Wa. Laning fc Son Co.
Martin Dyeing & Finishing Co.
E. Pritchard, inc.
Ralners Dairy
P. J. Hitter Co.
(Carneys Point)
E. 1. duPont de Hemours & Co.
Cape May
Pennsylvania
(Avondale)
Superior Canning Co.
(Cain Twp.)
Eagle Paper Co.
CoateavlUe
Dovningtovn**
(Honeybrook)
Tri-County Dairy 7arms
(Kennett Twp.)
J. B. Swayne & Sons, Inc.
Woodcrest**
Worthland**
Wyoming
(Yorklyn)
Marshall Bros., inc.
Rational Vulcanized Fibre Co.
(Deepwater)
E. 1. duPont de Nemours & Co.
Millvllle
Penns Grove
Salem
H. J. Heinz Co.
Voodstovn
(Modena)
Beach & Arthur Paper Co.
(Nev Garden Twp.)
Vincent Loslta 6 Sons**
Parkeaburg
South Coatesrille
(Vest Qoshen)
Willov Brook Packing Co.
(West Marlborough Twp.)
Highland Dairy Products Co., Inc.
( )
For details see Tables 1 and 2. This table does not include municipal-
ities or industries listed with needs undetermined,
leaded improvements are under construction.
Municipalities enclosed by parenthesis are not in need of improvements
and only indicate the. location of the Industry or institution cited.
- kl -
-------
BASIC DATA TABLES
The data as of April 1953 listed on the following Basic Data
Tables were reported by the Delaware Water Pollution Commission and State
Board of Health, New Jersey Department of Health and the Sanitary Water
Board of the Pennsylvania Department of Health. They are arranged by
watershed area which enables the reader to isolate, for any particular area,
the amounts and kinds of pollution being discharged and the adequacy of
treatment where provided. The Delaware River is listed first, starting with
the sources of pollution farthest upstream and continuing down to its mouth
at Liston Point. Each tributary along with its branches is then covered in
downstream order. Streams emptying into Delaware Bay are listed separately
from north to south on the New Jersey shore and on the Delaware shore. Those
tributaries which receive no pollution are not listed, while those receiving
municipal pollution will be found in Table 1 (Municipal) and similarly, those
receiving industrial pollution in Table 2 (industrial).
The reader is cautioned not to assume the entries as listed to be
final. Changing conditions in water uses, pollution contributed, stream
quality, information obtained during surveys and other circumstances, may
dictate readjustments.
Table 1 applies to municipalities. Included, but not listed, are
those Industries discharging wastes into municipal sewers. Table 2 applies
only to industries discharging directly to a watercourse.
To aid in finding the location of the various sources of pollution
a stream code and river mileage system has been devised. Each of the pollu.*
tion points on any stream is listed in downstream order beneath the name of
that stream, accompanied by its distance in river miles from the mouth of the
stream. Tributary streams are further identified by a symbol indicating the
stream to which they are tributary and a mileage number indicating in river
miles the point at which they join the larger stream. With this information
any source of pollution may be located with respect to the mouth of the main
stream of the Basin. No mileage system has been used on Delaware Bay.
Example: To locate the outfall of Newark, Delaware listed in
Table 1. It is found that Newark discharges to White Clay Creek at a point
about J.O miles from its mouth. White Clay Creek (C-10.1) enters the
Christina River at a point 10.1 miles from its mouth. The Christina River
(D-22.6) flows into the Delaware River at a point 22.6 miles from its mouth
at Liston Point, Delaware which has been established as the zero point for
the Delaware River system. Accordingly, Newark, Delaware is 39.7 stream
miles above the mouth of the Delaware River at Liston Point.
- k2 -
-------
Gods
Zero Mileage - Liston Point, Del.
sttd Hope Creek, N. J. dividing
lime between Delaware River and
Delaware Bay
TABLE 1
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZONE k
Baalc Data oa Sources of Municipal* Pollution
April 1953
Popula-
P.E.
River
tion
P.E.
(B.O.D.)
Mile
Served
(B.O.D.)
Waste
Discharged
Above
by
Untreated
Treatment
to
Treatment
Name and Location
Mouth
Severs
Wastes
Provided
Watercourse
Needs
Status, Remarks
EBLAWARB RIVER
Connect to
Claymont, Del.
30.2
1700
F
Hone
V
trunk sewer
Under construction (a)
Bellevue, Del.
26.5
2000
B
Hone
N
Connect to
Under construction (a)
trunk sever
Belief onte, Del.
26.0
1500
1
Sone
N
Connect to
trunk sever
Under construction (a)
Penns Grove, I. J.
23.5
n
N
None
V
New Plant
Active planning; no cen-
tral system; septic
Wilmington, Del.
22.3
-
(See Footnote c.)
tanks connected to storm
severs.
Deepwater Operating
Co., Lower Penns
Sad Twp., N. J.
21.0
250
H
Primary
150
None
lew Castle, Del.
17.3
5*00
N
Bone
11
Connect to
Under construction (a)
trunk sewer
Delaware City, pel.
9.5
1350
5
None
N
New Plant
Undetermined (b)
W - Unknown, P.E. - Population Equivalent, B.O.D. - Biochemical Oxygen Demand, E - Estimated
* Includes incorporated or unincorporated municipalities; other legal "bodies aB sanitary districts, counties,
towns, significant institutions, resorts, recreational centers or other population centers.
(a) Will be served by the Wilmington-Hew Castle County trunk sever system now under construction and vill receive
primary treatment in Wilmington prior to discbarge to the Delaware River.
(b) Under preliminary Investigation by Delaware Hater Pollution Ccoanlseion.
(c) lev Wilmington primary plant now under construction to serve Wilmington-Hew Castle Co. trunk sewer system.
-------
Stream Code
TABLE 1
D - Delaware River
$>
lut and Location
ISLAWARE RIVER
Gov. Bacon Health
Center, Delaware
City, Del.
JMAMAWS CREEK
Voo&s laven School,
Claynont, Del.
Vorthland, Del.
CHRISTINA RIVER
Hevporty Del.
lev Castle County
Airport, Del.
Woodcreat, Del.
Delaware State
Hoapital,
Farnhurst, Del.
River
Mile
Above
Mouth
9.3
D-3^-0
k.O
0.5
D-22.6
9-3
8.0
6.3
6.0
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZONE 4
Basic Data on Sources of Municipal* Pollution
April 1953
Popula-
tion
Served
by
Sewers
500
50
100
1150
3000
500
1500
P.E.
(B.Q.D.) Waste
Untreated Treatment
Wa 6 tee Provided
P.E.
(B.O.D.)
Discharged
to
Watercourse
N
N
N
N
If
N
ir
None
Secondary
None
None
Primary
None
Primary
N
N
N
N
N
N
Treatment
Needs
New Plant
Undetermined
Connect to
trunk sewer
Connect to
trunk sewer
Replacement-
connect to
trunk sever
Connect to
trunk sever
Replacement-
connect to
trunk sever
Status, Remarks
Undetermined (b)
Under construction (a)
Under construction (a)
Under construction (a)
Existing plant to be
abandoned
Under construction (a)
Under construction (a)
Existing plant to be
abandoned
(a) Will be served by the Wilmington-New Castle County trunk sever system now under construction and will re-
ceive primary treatment in Wilmington prior to discharge to the Delaware River.
(b) Under preliminary investigation by Delaware Water Pollution Commission.
-------
Stream Code
C - Christina River (D-£2»6)
W - White Clay Creek (C-10.1)
Nfime and Location
River
Mile
Above
Mouth
CHRISTINA RIVER (coat.)
Richardson Park,
Del.
TABLE 1
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZOHE k
Basic Data on Sources of Municipal* Pollution
April 1953
Popula-
tion
Served
by
Sewers
P.E.
(B.O.D.) Waste
Untreated Treatment
Wastes Provided
5.8 15,000
Wilmington, Del. 0-5 6l,llQG
WHITE CLAY CHEEK C-10.1
Newark, Del. 7.0 6700
Delaware Race Track,
Stanton, Del. 1.0 100E
Bed Clay Creek Treat-
ment Plant, Hev
Castle Co., Del. 0.1 Ij-100
RED CLAY CREEK W-2.6
Hew Castle Co. Work-
bouse, Cedars, Del. 2.5 ^OOE
N
5
H
K
S
N
Secondary
None
Secondary
Primary
Primary
Minor
P.E.
(B.O.D.)
Discharged
to
Watercourse
N
N
N
N
a
H
Treatment
Needs
Replacement -
connect to
trunk sewer
Connect to
trunk sewer
Replacement-
connect to
trunk sewer
Additions
Replacement-
connect to
trunk sewer
Connect to
trunk sewer
Status, Remarks
Under construction (a)
Existing plant to be
abandoned
Under construction (a)
Under construction (a)
Existing plant to be
abandoned
Undetermined, may enter
Wilmington-Sew Castle Co.
trunk sewer system
Under construction (a)
Existing plant to be
abandoned
Under construction (a)
(a) Will be served by the Wilmington-New Castle County trunk sewer system now under construction and will re-
ceive primary treatment In Wilmington prior to discharge to the Delaware Fiver.
-------
Stream Code
W - White Clay Creek (C-10.1)
R - Bed Clay Creek (W-2.6)
TABLE 1
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZONE U
Basic Data on Sources of Municipal* Pollution
April 1953
Haste and Location
River
Mile
Above
Mouth
Popula-
tion
Served
by
Sewers
P.E.
(B.O.D.) Waste
Untreated Treatment
Wastes Provided
RED CLAY CREEK (cont.) W-2.6
Marshallton, Del. 1.7
Stanton, Del. 0.8
100
8oo
N
N
None
Primary
P.E.
(B.O.D.)
Discharged
to
Watercourse
N
N
« WEST BRANCH RED
£ CLAY CREEK
' Kennett Square, Pa.
HYDE HOW
Brandywine Sani-
tarian, Del.
BRABPIWIHB CREEK
DuPont Country Club,
Wilmington, Del.
Wilmington, Del.
R-20.0
12.0
2.0
C-0.5
3-0
0.5
3400
500
30GE
52,000
N
N
N
N
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
None
N
N
N
N
Treatment
Needs
Status, Remarks
Connect to Under construction (a)
trunk sever
Replacement- Under construction (a)
connect to Existing plant to be
trunk sewer abandoned
None
None
Replacement- Under construction (a)
connect to Existing plant to be
trunk sewer abandoned
Under construction (a)
Connect to
trunk sewer
(a) Will be served by the Wilmington-New Castle County trunk sever system now under construction and will re
ceive primary treatment in Wilmington prior to discharge to the Delaware River.
-------
ISSSHLSSSlL
B - B^nlJStne Creek (C-0*5)
Be - East Branch Brandyvine Creek
(B-19.8)
and location
EAST BRABCH BRAHPI-
WDffi CREEK
Dovningtcnm, Pa.
*¥**» C8E8K.
Perm Turnpike sta-
tion, Gulf Oil
Corp., Wallace
Tap., Pa.
TAILOR ROW
Vest Cheater, Fa.
BRAJCH BRACY-
City of Coatesville,
9a.
South Coatearille
Borough, Diet. #1,
Fa.
South Coatesville
Borough, Plat. #S,
Hlver
Mile
Above
Mouth
B-19.8
8.0
Be-12.0
*.0
Be-3.0
1.0
B-19.8
15.6
15.0
14.9
Popula-
tion
Served
by
Severs
TABLE 1
J2BLAKARE BIVER BASIH - ZORE k
Basic Data 011 Sources of Municipal* Pollution
April 1953
P.E.
P.E. (B.O.D.)
(B.O.I).) Ha,te Discharged
Untreated Treatment to Treatment
Wastes Provided Watercourse Seeds
5000
N
Secondary
750
Additions
1200E
7500
18,000
*00
too
H Secondary
N
Secondary 1800
H Secondary 51»00
H Secondary N
Secondary IT
None
Additions
Replacement
Replacement
Status, Remarks
Under construction
Partially coaqpleted in
1952
Undetermined Plant completed in 1952
Plant completed in 1952
Active planning-Under S.W.B.
order for additional works
To be served by South
Coatesville Borough, Dist.
#k, treatment works; pre-
sent treatment vorks to
be abandoned
Under S.W.B. order to con-
struct; to be served by
South Coatesville Borough,
Dist. $k, treatment works;
present treatment vorks to
be abandoned
-------
Stream Code
B - Brandyvine Creek {C-0-5)
Bv - Vest Branch Brandyvine creek
(B-X9.8)
Same and Location
South Coatesville
Borough, Htst.$k,
Pa.
EfflbreevilLe Stffte
Hosp., Hevlin Twp.,
Pa.
Biver
Mile
Above
Mouth
U.7
' BUCK XnJET
& parkeaburg, Pa.
POCOPSOH CREEK
Chester Co. Hospital
far the Aged..,
Pocopson Twp., pa.
SHELLPOT GREEK
1.0
B-0.6
Sbellpot Creek
Treatment Plant,
Hev Castle Co., Del.
Shellpot Creek
Treatment Plant,
Wilmington, Del.
TABLE 1
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZONE 4
Basic Data on Sources of Municipal* Pollution
April 1953
Popula-
tion
Served
hy
Severe
2700
P.E.
(B.O.D.)
Untreated
Wastes
N
7.2
Bv-10.4
11.5
B-10.0
750
2300
200
N
S
0.8 3000
0,2
5000
N
N
P.E.
(B.O.D.)
Haste Discharged
Treatment to
Provided Watercourse
None
Secondary
Primary
Secondary
N
300
N
N
Secondary
Treatment
Needs
New Plant
None
Additions
Status, Remarks
Final Plana Approved. Will
serve Districts #1, 2, 3
and
None
Replacement-
connect to
trunk sever
Replacement-
connect to
trunk sewer
Under S.W.B. order; second-
ary treatment needed.
Plant completed in 1950
Under construction (a)
Existing plant to "be
abandoned
Under construction (aJ
Existing plant to he
abandoned
Secondary N
(a) Will be served by the Wilmington-New Castle County trunk sewer system now under construction and will re-
ceive primary treatment in Wilmington prior to discharge to the Delaware River.
-------
Str«*C25*
13b - Dalavare Bay
TABI£ I
DELAWARE RIVER BASIS - ZONE k
Sane and Location
CHESAPEAKE & mJJL-
¦ mrcmz
St, Georges, Del.
& SALEM CREEK
1 Woodfltam, V. J.
Salem, H. j.
APPOQUIHIMIHK CREEK
Middletcvn, Del.
St. Andrews School,
Del.
Odessa, Del.
DELAWARE BAY
Sfflf JERSET SEQRS
Cape May, H. J-
CQgAHSET RIVER
Bridge ton, 8. J.
River
Mile
Above
Mouth
D-11.6
fc.5
13.0
1.0
D-30
13-0
9.0
7«5
Db
Basic Data on Sources of Municipal* Pollution
April 1953
Popula-
tion P.E.
Served (B.0.3J.) Waste
by Untreated Treatment
Sewers Wastes Provided
350
2000
9200
1750
200
450
2600
N
H
N
None
P.E.
(B.O.J).)
discharged
to
Watercourse
H
2300 Secondary
R Minor
1050
9050
Secondary
Secondary
None
Rone
N
H
"Treatment
Seeds
8.0 13#300 13,900 Secondary 4300
Undetermined
Enlargement
Replacement
Hone
Hone
Undetermined
Kew plant
Enlargement
Status, Reaarfcs
Active planning
Active Planning
Active jilBuniag-alBO
serves Cape May Point
and Vest Cape Hay-.
Active planning
-------
Stream Code
Db - Delaware Bay
S - St. Jones River
River
Mile
Above
Name and Location Mouth
DELAWARE BAY
HEW JERSEY SHORE (cont.)
MAURICE RIVER Db
Milleville, N. J. 8.0
IELAWARE BAY
DELAWARE SHORE
SMYRNA RIVER Db
Clayton, Del. 14.1
State Velfare Hone,
Smyrna, Del. 10.8
Smyrna, Del. 10.6
ST. JONES RIVER Db
Delaware State
College, Dover,
Del. 19.6
Dover, Del. 16.5
Dover Air Force
Base, Del. 12.0
ISAACS BRABCH S-13.0
Wyoming, Del. 3.6
TABLE 1
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZONE k
Basic Data on Sources of Municipal* Pollution
April 1953
Popula-
tion
Served
by
Sewers
800
300
2350
kOO
7000
15,000
250
P.E.
(B.O.D.) Waste
Untreated Treatment
Wastes Provided
P.E.
(B.O.D.)
Discharged
to
Watercourse
16,800 7,900 Primary
5,200
R
N
Primary
Primary
None
600
250E
N
N
N
Secondary
Primary
N Primary
250 Hone
100
3900
N
250
Treatment
Needs
Status, Remarks
Additions
Undetermined
Additions
Undetermined
Undetermined
New plant Final plans approved
None
Additions
Additions
Nev Plant
Under construction
Final plans approved
Active planning 2JJ&
sewered
-------
Stream CQ&c
Bb - Delaware Bay
M - Murderkill River
Hane and Location
ISAACS BBAHCH (coat.)
Canden, Del.
HaRDEBKILL RIVER
Frederica, Del.
BROWltS BRANCH
Harrington, Del.
MISPILLIOB RIVER
HUfcurd, Del.
BRQADKILI RIVER
Milton, Del.
LEWES & REHOBOTH
CABAL
River
Mile
Above
Mouth
TABLE 1
DELAWARE RIVER BASIM - ZONE U
Basic Data on Sources of Municipal* Pollution
April 1953
Popula- P.E.
tion P.E. (B.O.D.)
Served (B.O.D.) Waste Discharged
by Untreated Treatment to
2.7
Eb
7.fc
M-11.0
8.0
Db
12.7
Db
10.it
Db
Sewers
50
Wastes Provided Watercourse
2250
5200
1300
50
If
N
N
If
None
Nose
Primary
Primary
Hone
50
N
K
N
Treatment
Seeds
Nev plant
None
Additions
New Plant
Status. Remarks
Nev Plant Active planning; 10% severed
Undetermined; no central
sewer system
Final plans approved.
Referendum to be held
Final plans approved
Del.
1.0 2900
S
Hone
H
Hew Plant
Final plans approved
-------
Stream Code
Zero Mileage - Liaton Point, Del.
ani Hope Creek, U.J. dividing line
between Delaware River and Basic
Delaware Bay
TABLE 2
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZONE k
Data on Sources of Industrial* Pollution
April 1953
game and Location
DELAWARE RIVER
E.I. duPont de Nebouts
& Co., Edgemoor, Del.
E.I. duPo&t de Hemours
& Co., Csrneys Point,
H. J.
River
Mile
Above Type of
Mouth Industry
Type
Waste
Degree of
P.E.
(B.O.D.)
Discharged
to
produced Treatment Watercourse
2U.0 Chemical Inorganic Minor
22.7
E.I. duPont de Hemours
&C©., Deepwater, H.J. 21.0
HAAMAKS CREEK D-jU.O
Worth Steel Co.,
Claymont, Del. 0.5
CHRISTUM RIVER D-22.6
Phillips Cannery
Hewsrk, Del. J*0.Q
Chemical
Chemical
Fabr.
Metals
Food
(Cannery)
Organic Hone
H
15,100
Organic Soae 1,600,000
Inorganic Hone N
Organic,
San.Sewage Primary 1*200
Pollution
Abatement
Needs
Remarks, Status
Partial neutralization
Undetermined provided
New plant Active planning
Active planning; uses
New plant compositing basin
Mew plant or
Connect to
trunk sever Undetermined
Replacement -
connect to
trunk sewer
Under construction, (s)
Existing treatment
vorkE will be abandoned
N - Unknown, P.E. - Population Equivalent, B.O.D. - Biochemical Oxygen Demand, E - Estimated
* Industries having separate outlets and discharging wastes directly to watercourse.
(a) Will be served by the Wilmington-Kew Castle County trunk sever system now under construction and will re-
ceive primary treatment in Wilmington prior to discharge to the Delaware River,
-------
Strata Code
D - Tteiawmxe Hiver
C - Christina River (D-22.6)
1ABIE 2
DELAWARE EWER BASIS - ZONE h
Basic Data on Sources of Industrial* Pollution
April 1953
Name and location
River
Mile
Above
Mouth
CHRISTUIA RIVER (cont.)
Chrysler Corp.
Newark, Del. 40.0
Type of
Industry
Miscella-
neous
Wood Preserving Co.
Reyport, Del.
10 .0 Lumber
Krebbs Pigment Co.
Newport, Del. 10.0 Chemical
WHITE CLAY CHEEK C-10.1
Seabrook Farms Co.,
Avondal© Viner Sta-
tion, London Grove Food
Typ., Pa. 12.0 (Cannery)
Superior Canning Co., Food
Avosdale, Fa. 12.0 (Cannery)
national Vulcanised Paper and
Fibre Co., Newark',Del. 6.9 Allied
Curtis Paper Co., Paper and
Newark, Del. 6.9 Allied
Type
Haste
Produced
Degree of
Treatment
Organic Primary
Organic Primary
P.E.
(B~0.D.)
Discharged
to
Watercourse
550
Organic
Inter-
mediate
1000E
ltoOOE
Organic Complete
Organic None
Organic None
Organic Hone
N
N
2600C®
500GE
Pollution
Abatement
Heeds
Replacement -
Connect to
trunk sewer
Remarks, Status
Under construction (a)
Existing treatment works
will be abandoned
Replacement - under construction (a)
Connect to
trunk sever
Replacement -
Connect to
trunk sewer
None
Nev Plant
Connect to
trunk sewer
Connect to
trunk sever
Existing treatment works
will be abandoned
Under construction (a)
Existing treatment works
will be abandoned
Treatment vorks com-
pleted in 1950
Active planning
Under construction (a)
Under construction (a)
(a) Will be served by the Wilmington-Few Castle County trunk sewer system now under construction and will re-
ceive primary treatment in Wilmington prior to discharge to the Delaware River.
-------
Stream Code
W - White Clay Creek (C-X0.1)
H - Red Clay Creek (w-2.6)
Name and Location
RED CLAY CHEEK
Marshall Bros., Inc.
Yorklyn, Del.
national Vulcanized
Fibre Co., York-
lyn, Del.
Hercules Experiment
Station, Marshall-
ton, Del.
Continental Diamond
Fibre Co., Marshall-
ton, Del.
River
Mile
Above
Mouth
W-2.6
10.3
9.4
1.5
WEST BRANCH RED CLAY
CREEK R-13.8
Vincent Losita & Sons,
Hew Garden Tvp., pa. 4.5
Rational Vulcanized
Fibre Co., Kennett
S^., Pa. 3*8
A. D. Pierce Co.,
Kennett Sq., Pa. 3*8
TABLE 2
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZONE h
Basic Data on Sources of Industrial* Pollution
April 1953
Type of
Industry
Paper and
Allied
Paper and
Allied
Type
Waste
Produced
Organic
Paper and
Allied
Food
(Cannery)
Paper and
Allied
Food
(Abattoir)
Organic
Organic
Organic
Organic
Degree of
Treatment
Organic Hone)
)
)
P.E.
(B.O.D.)
Discharged
to
Watercourse
40,000
Bone
3.5 Chemical Organic Primary
None
8,650
N
Hone
Complete
N
Pollution
Abatement
Needs
Remarks, Status
New Plant Active planning
New Plant Active planning
Additions or
connect to
trunk sewer
Connect to
trunk sewer
Active planning
Under construction (a)
New Plant
None
None
Complete treatment works
under construction
Treatment works com-
pleted in 1950
Treatment works com-
pleted in 1950
Complete N
(a) Will be served by the Wilmington-New Castle County trunk sewer system now under construction and will re«
C9i*t primary treatment in Wilmington prior to discharge to the Delaware Rivwr.
-------
8tream Code
B - Brandyvine River (C-0.5)
C - Christina River (D-22.6)
Same and Location
WEST BRANCH RED
CLAY CREEK (cont.)
J.B. Svayne & Sous,
Inc., Kennett Twp.,
Pa.
mmemm river
Doeskin Products Co.,
Rockland, Del.
River
Mile
Above
Mouth
3.0
C-0.5
6.8
DuPont Experiment sta-
tion, Wilmington, Del. 2.1
Jos. Bancroft•& Co.,
Wilmington, Del.
Container Corp. of
Anerica, Wilmington,
Bel. 2.1
BACT BBABCH BRAgff-
WHB CREEK B-19.8
gagle Paper Co.,
Cain Twp., Pa. 10.0
The Davey Co.,
Dovningtown, Pa. 8.0
TABLE 2
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZONE k
Basic Data on Sources of Industrial* Pollution
April 1953
Type of
Industry
Food
(Carmery)
Paper and
Allied
Chemical
2.1 Textile
Type
Waste
Produced
Degree of
Treatment
P.E.
(B.O.D.)
Discharged
to
Watercourse
Paper and
Allied
Paper and
Allied
Paper and
Allied
Organic
Organic
San.Sevage
Organic
Organic
Organic
None
Minor
None
None
None
N
N
1100
17,700e
N
Organic
Organic
Complete
Recirculation
closed system
Pollution
Abatement
Needs
New Plant
Additions
Connect to
trunk sever
Remarks, Status
Active planning; S.W.B.
notice to Install com-
plete treatment
Active planning
Under construction (a)
Connect to
trunk sever Under construction (a)
Connect to
trunk sever
Additions
None
Under construction (a)
Active planning; under
S.W.B. order
No discharge
(a) Will be served by the Wilmington-lew Castle County trunk sewer system now under construction and vill re-
ceive pripary treatment in Wilmington prior to discharge to the Delaware River.
-------
stream Code
B - Brandywine Creek (c-0.5)
Be - East Branch Brandywine
Creek (B-19.8)
Name and Location
River
Mile
Above
Mouth
EAST BRANCH BRANDY-
WISE CREEK (coat.) B-19.8
Downingtown Paper Co.
Downingtown, pa. 8.0
S. Austin Bicking Paper
Co., Downingtown, Pa- 8.0
VALLEY CREEK Be-4.U
Atlantic Refining
Co., West White-
land Tup., Pa. k.O
TAYLOR RUN Be-3.0
Eachus Dairies,
East Bradford Twp.,
Pa. 2.5
Willow Brook Packing
Co., West Goshen, Pa. 2.2
WEST BRANCH BRANDY-
WOE CREEK B-19.8
Tri-County Dairy
Farms, Honeybrook,
Pa. 28.3
Lukens Steel Co,,
Coatesville, Pa. 15.4
TABLE 2
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZONE k
Basic Data on Sources of Industrial* pollution
April 1953
Type of
Industry
Type
Waste
Produced
Paper and
Allied Organic
Paper and
Allied Organic
Petroleum
and Coal
Productb Organic
Food
(Dairy) Organic
Food
(Abattoir) Organic
Food
(Dairy)
Primary
Metals
Degree of
Treatment
Inter-
mediate
Inter-
mediate
P.E.
(B.O.D.)
Discharged
to
Watercourse
Pollution
Abatement
Needs
Remarks, Status
N
N
None
None
Secondary
Secondary
Primary
N
N
N
None
None
Additions
S.W.B. order to install
complete treatment; active
planning
Organic Minor
Inorganic Primary
N
S.W.B. order to install
complete treatment.; active
Replacement planning
None
Treatment works completed
in 1950
-------
Stream Code
B - Brandyvine River (C-0.5)
Bw - West Branch Brandyvine
Creek (Bw-lO.U)
Name and Location
River
Mile
Above
Mouth
WEST BRANCH BRANDY-
WXHE CREEK (cont.) B-19.8
Keystone Mushroom
Co., Valley Twp.,
Pa. 1^.0
Beach & Arthur Paper
Co.4 Modena, Fa. 13>0
BUCK Rl» Bv-lO.U
General Paper Co.,
Inc., Highland
Twp.> Pa. 7-0
Highland Dairy Prod-
ucts Co., West
Marlboro, Pa. 5*0
CHESAPEAKE AND DELA-
WARE CANAL D-11.6
St. Georges Canning
Co., St. Georges,
Del. k.5
flATjan CREEK D-8.2
H. J* Heinz Co.
Salem, N. J. 1.0
Basic
TABLE 2
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZONE %
Data on Sources of Industrial*- Pollution
April 1953
Type of
Industry
Food
(Cannery)
Paper and
Allied
Paper and
Allied
Pood
(Dairy)
Food
(Cannery)
Food
(Cannery)
P.E.
(B.O.D.)
Type Discharged
Waste Degree of to
Produced Treatment Watercourse
Pollution
Abatement
Needs
Organic Complete
Organic Complete
N
Organic Lagoon
Organic Secondary
Organic None
Organic Minor
850
18,600
None
Additions
None
Additions
New Plant
Replace^
ment
Remarks, Status
S.W.B. order for addi-
tional treatment works;
active planning
No discharge
S.W.B. order to Install
complete treatment works;
final plans approved
Undetermined
Active planning
-------
Stream Code
Db - Delaware Bay
D - Delaware River
River
Mile
Above
Name and Location Mouth
APPOQUINIMIHK CREEK D-3.0
Cole Canning Co.
Middle town, Del. 13*0
Wadklns Canning Co.,
Odessa, Del. 7.5
DELAWARE BAY
HEW JERSEY SHORE
COHAHSEY RIVER Db
W». Lanlng & Son
Co., Bridgeton,
H. J. 19.0
E. Prltchard, Inc.
Bridge ton, K. J. 19.0
P. J. Ritter Co.
Bridge ton, N. J. 19.0
Ralners Dairy
Bridge ton, H. J. 19.0
Martin Dyeing &
Finishing Co.,
Bridgeton, I. J. 19.0
TABLE 2
DELAWARE RIVER BASIH - ZONE k
Basic Data on Sources of Industrial* Pollution
April 1953
P.E.
(B.O.D.)
Discharged Pollution
Degree of to Abatement
Treatment Watercourse Needs Remarks, Status
Type
Type of Waste
Industry Produced
Food
(Cannery) Organic Hone UOO Mew Plant Undetermined
Food Undetermined; may con-
(Cannery) Organic Hone 7000E Hew Plant nect to Odessa
Food
(Cannery) Organic
Food
(Cannery) Organic
Food
(Cannery) Organic
Food
(Dairy)
Organic
Minor
Minor
Minor
None
2700 Replacement Active planning
U4,150 Replacement Active planning
Mv,750 Replacement Active planning
300 Hew Plant
Active planning
Textile Organic
Hone
1400 Hew Plant
Active planning
-------
Strata Code
Ub - Delaware Bay
8 - St. Jones River
lteac and Location
DELAWARE BAY
1SLAWARE SBORE
BLACKBIRD CREEK
Phillips Packing Co.
Tovaaand, Del.
3MTRHA RIVER
Wheatleya Canning
Co., Clayton, Del.
ST . JOHBS RIVER
Barkers Landing
Canning Co.,
Baxters Landing,
Del.
River
Mile
Above
Mouth
»»
CHEEK
Woodside Canning Co.,
Woodside, Del. 5*2
HWBRHir.nJ. RIVER Db
Swift & Co.
Pelton, Dal* 18.5
C.DraSerBroa.
Cannery, Frederica,
TABUS 2
DELAWARE RIVER BASIK - ZONE k
Basic Data on Sources of Industrial* Pollution
April 1953
P.E.
(B.O.D.j
Type Discharged
Type of Waste Degree of to
Industry Produced Treatment Watercourse
Pollution
Abatement
{feeds
Remarks, status
Kb
12.5
Db
lk.1
0b
6.8
S-11.3
Food
(Cannery) Organic Hone
Food
1^50
(Cannery) Organic Primary $7
Nev Plant
Undetermined
Undetermined
Food
(Cannery) Organic Hone 150
Food
(Cannery) Organic None 100
Food
(Poultry) Organic Minor 36OQE
Food
(Cannery) Organic None 150
Hew Plant
Undetermined
Undetermined
Nev Plant
Undetermined
Active Planning
-------
Strega Code
M - HurderklU River
Ml - Mispilliop River (Db)
Br - Broa&kill River (Db)
Db - Delaware Bay
River
Mile
Above
Haas «na Location Mouth
BR0WH5 BRAMCH M-11.0
Harrington Cannery
Co., Harrington,
Del. 8.0
MISPIIXIOH RIVER Db
Milford Packing Co,
Milford, Del. 12.5
BBAVERDAM BRANCH Mi-6.5
Libby, McSeil &
Libby Co., Hous-
ton, Del. 2.0
SLAUGHTER CREEK Mi-0.5
Geo. Draper Jr.,
Cannery, Slaugh-
ter Beck, Del. 5*0
BROADKJLL RIVER Bb
Swift A Co.
Georgetown, Del. 16.0
J.G. Tovnsead Can-
ning Co., George-
town, Del. 16.0
Drapers Cannery,
Milton, Del. 10. k
TABUS 2
DELAWARE RIVER BASIS - Z.0HE k
Basic Data on Sources of Industrial* Pollution
April 1953
P.E,
(B.O.D.)
Type Discharged. Pollution
Type of Waste Degree of to Abatement
Industry Produced Treatment Watercourse Seeds
Food
(Cannery) Organic None 2300
Pood
(Cannery) Organic None
Food
(Cannery) Organic Minor 650
Food
(Cannery) Organic None 900
Food
(Poultry) Organic Primary 1850
Pood
(Cannery) Organic Minor IbCD
Food
(Cannery) Organic Hone 3600
Hew Plant
Undetermined
Additions
Undetermined
None
Remarks, status
Undetermined
Active Planning
Additions Active Planning
Nev plant or
connect to Undetermined
mmicipal sever
-------
Stream Code
Hi - Mispillion River (Bb)
Br - Broadkill River (lib)
TABI£ 2
DELAWARE RIVER BASIS - ZONE 4
Name and Location
River
Mile
Above
Mouth
BBOADKILL HIVER (Cont.)
Hilton Poultry Co.
Milton, Del. 10.4
BEAVERHAW CREEK Bt-6.2
paramount poultry
Co., Sarbeaon,
Bel.
6.0
Basic Data on Sources of Industrial* pollution
April 1953
Type ot
Industry
Food
(Poultry)
Type
Waste
Produced
Degree of
Treatment
Organic Primary
Fo<>d
(Poultry)
Organic Primary
P.E.
(5.0.D,)
Discharged
to
Watercourse
Pollution
Abatement
Needs
1*00 Replacement
2650
Additions
Remarks, Status
Active planning; to
enter municipal sever
system
Active planning; Exten-
sive process changes
in 1952
-------
AFPEKDIX A
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZONE 4
Sumnary of U.S. Geological Survey Stream Plow Records
Years of
Gaging Station Record
Drainage Area
above Gaging
Station, square
miles
Christina River
at Coocbes
Bridge, Del.
1943-1949
(6 years)
White Clay Creek 1931-36
near liewark, 1943-49
Del. (10 years)
Red Clay Creek 1943-1949
at Wooddale,Del. (6 years)
Vest Branch
, Brandy*ine Creek
at Coateflville, 191*3-191*9
Pa, (6 years)
Brandy*ine Creek 1911-17
at Chadds Ford, 1918-49
Pa. (37 years)
Brandyvine Creek
at Wilmington, 1946-1949
Del. (2 years)
Shellpot Creek
at WilKington,
Del.
Sales Creek at
Woodstcwn, S.J.
1945-19^9
(3 years)
1941-1949
(8 years)
20.5
87.8
47.0
45.8
287
314
7.46
14.6
Average Daily Maximum Discharge
Discharge> C.F.S. Date Flow, C.F.S.
Minimum Discharge
Date Flow, C.f.S.
119
379
5/1/47
8/23/33
7/5/45
9/18/45
3/5/20
11/25/50
5/iA7
9MH>
2620 7/26/44
6230 9/18/32
3670 9/10/44
17,200
11,500
2140
22,000
10/2/41
12/26/48
0.4
9.1
8/29, 9/1,
2810 9/3, 9/4/44 10.0
4.6
*.9
30
9/16-
9/18/48 0.2
Many days Ifo flow
-------
Gaging Station
Leipsic River
near Cheavoid,
Del.
Maurice River
at Karma, H.J.
AFPEHDXX A
DELAWARE RIVER BASIS - ZONE 4
Summary of U.S. Geological Survey Stream Flow Records
Yeara of
Record
1931-33,
19U3-U9
(8 yeara)
1932-19*9
(17 yeara)
Drainage Area
above Gaging
Station, square
miles
9.2
113
Msnantlco Creek
sear Millville, 1931-19*9
I. J. (18 years)
Loper Run near
Bridge ton, H.J.
1937-19*9
(U yeara)
22.3
2.3*
Average Daily
Discharge, C.F.S.
176
38.9
1.39
Maximum Discharge
Date Flow, C.F.S.
8/23/33
9/2/kO
8/20/39
9/l/*0
37*
7360
1050
9*
Minimum Discharge
Date Flow, C.F.S
8/19/31
9/25/32
8/16-
8/18/36
Many days
0.9
27
1.*
Ko flow
-------
tt
ft
Place
DELhwAriE
Kent Co.
District #1
#2
#3
<7ojfi*}
#4
(6ojS*)
¦ #5
#6
(100*)
#7
#S
APPENDIX B
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZAHE 4
populat ion Data
Municipalities, Townships and Rural Areas in Basin
1950 Population JLglH) Population
PI
«
n
11
4,422
4,248
1,669
1,533
6,052
217
3,838
3,269
3,506
3,530
1,769
1,501
5,169
227
3,7*5
3,200
(30**}
1,326
1,286
#10
4,22 9
3,700
Total-Kent Co.
in Basin
31,003
27,633
Sew Castle Co.
Wilmington
District $1-5
110,356
112,504
¥>
24,039
14,426
m
3£, 22V
18,696
#8
7,677
5,662
#9
9,057
6,398
#10
21,824
10,245
#11
(30**)
£,079
1,576
#12
3,053
2,771
#13
(855(1*)
3,871
3,132
#1*
(S5*»)
1,849
1,730
#15
(95**)
M?5
Total-Sew Castle Co.
in Basin
217,284
178,252.
£ XncreM*
19-tC-SC
26.1
20.3
5.7
2.1
17.1
-4.6
2-5
2.2
3.1
12.2
-1.9
66.6
72.4
35.6
41.6
113.0
31.9
lo.s
23.6
6.9
,12.9
21.9
# Estimated
• 64 -
-------
place
APEE8DIX B (Coat.)
1950 Population 19*0 Population
£ Increase
19*0-50
District #1
(80%*)
5,803
*,7*9
22.2
District #10
a?-8.
(6oji*)
6,0*1
*,88l_
Total-Sussex Co.
in Basin
11,8** '
9,630
23.0
TOTAL - DELAWARE
in 3aBin
260,131
215,515
20.7
Municipalities in Delaware (included in Districts)
£ Increase
Municipality
1950 Population
19*0 Population
19*0-50
Belief onte
1,*72
2,593
-*3.2
Bowers
28*
328
-13.*
Camden
606
682
-11.1
Chesvold
292
232
25.9
Clayton
825
890
- 7.3
Delaware City
1,363
1,163
17.2
Dover
6,223
5,517
12.8
Ellendale
321
287
11.8
Elsaere
5,31*
1,630
226.0
Felton
*55
1*2
2.9
Frederica
675
6*5
*.7
Harrington
2,2*1
2,113
6.1
Houston
332
296
12.2
Kenton
211
233
- 9.*
Leipsic
253
210
20.5
Lewes
2,90*
2,2*6
29.3
Little Creek
266
2*2
9-9
Magnolia
207
218
- 5-0
Kiddletovn
1,755
1,529
1*.8
Milf qrd
5,179
*,21*
22.9
Milton
1,321
1,198
10.3
Newark
6,731
*,502
*9.5
Hew Castle
5,396
*,*1*
22.2
Newport
1,171
987
18.6
Odessa
*67
391
19.*
Port Penis
271
m
St. Georges
¦m
339
m
Slaughter Beach
85
*6
8*.6
Smyrna
2,3*6
1,870
25.5
Towneend
**1
5**
-18.9
Viola
13*
113
18.6
Wilmington
110,356
112,50*
- 1.9
Woodaide
157
189
-16.9
Wyoming
911
870
*.7
* Estimated
» 65 •
-------
APFEHDIX B (Coot.)
$ Increase
Place 1950 population 1940 Population 19^*0-50
HEW JERSEY
Atlantic Co.
Buena Vista Tvp. (33$) 702 655
Total-Atlantic Co.
in Basin 702 655
Cape May Co.
Cape May City 3 >607 2,583 39,6
Cape May Point Borough 198 126 57,1
Dennis Twp. (50$) 990 930 5.5
Lower Twp. (50$) 1*368 846 61.7
Middle Twp. (50{6) 2,300 1,944 1B.3
West Cape May Borough. 897 S31* - 4.1
Woodbine Borough 2,417 2,111 14.5
Total-Cape May Co.
in Basin 11,777 9,482 24.2
Cumberland Co.
Bridgeton City 18/378 15/992 14.9
Commercial Twp. 3*238 2,822 14.7
Deerfield Twp. 1,758 1,483 18.5
Dovne Twp. 1,786 1,546 15.5
Fairfield Twp. 2,932 1,977 48.3
Greenwich Twp. 966 4.0
Hopewell Twp. 2,460 2,048 20.1
Landia Twp. 21,418 16,525 29.6
Lawrence Twp. 2,044 1*754 16.5
Maurice River Twp. (8o£) 2,265 1/810 25.3
Millville City l6,04l 14,806 av3
Shilob Borough 427 3®7 9,4
Stow creek Twp. 957 720 32,9
Upper Deerfield Twp. 5/203 2,020 157.6
Vineland Borough 8,155 7*914 3.0
Total-Cumberland Co.
in Basin 88,.028 72,733 21.0
Gloucester Co.
Clayton Borough 3*023 2,320 30,3
Elk Twp. <67*) 1,390 1,110 25,2
Franklin Twp. (5<$) 2,528 1/732 46.0
Logan Twp. (105C) 222 163 36,2
Hevf ield Borough 1,010 889 13,6
South Harrison Twp. {331&) 289 229 26,2
Woolvlch Twp. (33J&) 446 398 12.6'
Total-Gloucester Co.
in Basis. £,$10 6,84l 30,2
- 66 -
-------
APPENDIX B (Cont.)
£ Increase
Place 1950 Population 19*0 Population 19*0-50
Salem Co.
Allovay Twp. I/792 1,705 5.1
Elmer Borough 1,*60 1,3^4 8.6
Elsinboro Twp. 674 663 1.7
Lover Allovays Creek Twp. 1,307 1,121* 16.3
Lover Penns Heck Twp. 7,376 5*113 4*. 3
Mannington Twp. 1,686 1,656 1.8
Oldaans Twp. 1,657 1,722 - 3.8
Penns Grove Twp. 6,669 6,*88 2.8
Pilesgrove Twp. 1,942 l,6l* 20.3
Fittegrove Twp. 2,8o8 2,157 30.2
Quinton Twp. 1,821 1,313 36.7
Salem City 9,050 8,6l8 5.0
Upper Penns Keck Twp. 6,TIT 4,505 39*8
Upper Pittegrove Twp. 2,20* 1,925 1**5
Woodstovn Borough 2,345 2,0(27 15.7
Total-Salem Co.
In Basin 49,508 *2,ZJk 17.3
TOTAL - NEW JERSEY
in Basin 158,925 131,985 20.*
PEHHSYLVANLA
Chester Co.
Avondale Borough 941 75* 24.8
Birmingham Tvp. (75$) 322 288 11.8
Cain Twp. 5*779 3i66l 57.9
.Coatesville City 13,B25 14,006 -12.9
Downington Borough *,948 4,6*5 6.5
East Bradford Twp. 1,187 1,033 1*.9
East Brandyvine Twp. 1,108 913 21.4
East Cain Twp. *03 315 27.9
East Fallovfield Twp. 1,795 1,5*2 16.*
East Marlborough Twp. 1,868 1,600 16.8
East Nantmeal Twp. (20$) 133 HO 20.9
East tfhiteland Twp, (lOjtJ 17* 129 3*.9
Franklin Twp, (75^) 500 *91 1.8
Highland Twp. (80«6) 723 662 9,2
Honey Brook Borough 86* 766 12*8
Kennett Twp. 2,1*5 1,76-7 21.*
Kennett Square Borough 3,699 3,375 9.6
London Britain Twp, .559 *62 21.0
Londonderry Twp. (751») **6 359 2*.2
London Grove Twp. 1,8** 1,666 10.7
Modena Borough 82* 625 31*8
flew Garden Twp. 3,027 2,716 11.*
gevlin Tvp- 957 98* - 2.8
fiottty Brook Twp. (90"£) 1,135 1,05* * T»7
67 -
-------
APPENDIX B (Coat.)
Increase
Place 1950 Population 19^0 Population 19^*0-50
New London Twp. (25#) 165 156 5.8
Parkesburg Borough 2,6ll 2,2oo lU-,1
Perm Twp. (60jt) 423 353 19.8
PenaBbury Twp. 686 660 3.9
Pocopson Twp. V?5 513 -7*4
Sadsbury Twp, 1*502 1,226 22.5
South Coateaville Borough 1,996 1,604 24.4
Upper Uwchlaa Twp. (50$) 380 3^5 10.1
Uwchlan Twp. (50$) 380 300 21.1
Valley Twp. 3,lk8 2,663 18.2
Wallace Twp. 771 597 29.1
West Bradford Twp. 1*530 1*367 11.9
West Brandyvine Twp. 1,122 776 44.6
West Cain Twp. (75$) 1,11k 910 22.If
West Chester Borough (50$) 7*584 6,64$ llt.l
West Fallowfield Twp.(lO^) 107 93 15-1
West Goshen Twp. (2556) 885 6l4 l»4.i
West Grove Borough 1,521 1,357 12.1
West Marlborough Twp, 786 882 -10,9
West ltantneal Twp. (8o£) 645 **52 42.7
West Sadsbury Twp. (5?t) 40 32 25.0
Westtown Twp. (5$) 50 45 11.1
Total-Chester Co.
in BsbTS 77,127 67,801 13.8
Delaware Co.
Birmingham Twp. (50#) 4l8 402 4.0
Tota1-Delaware Co.
In Basin 4l8 402
Lancaster Co.
Salisbury Twp. (10$) 393 358
Total-Lancaster Co*
in Basin 393 358
TOTAL - PENNSYLVANIA
In Basin 77*938 68,561 13.7
MARYLAND
Cecil Co.
District #4 - Pair
Hill (10*) 204 176 13.7
TOTAL - MARYLAND
in Basin 204 176
TOTAL POPULATION
IN ZONE k 497*198 4l£,237 19.5
. 68 -
-------
APPEHDIX C
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZONE k
Public Water Supply Data
Type of
Source of Supply Treatment
m
CJ
Municipality
Stream
Well
Spring
J
population
1950
Estimated Popula-
tion Served 19*9
Average Plant
Output 19*9» G.P.D.
•
+>
rH
fn
rl
O
H
ft
U
a
§
Remarks
Delaware
Bellevue (a)
X
P
(150)
7,000
350,000
X
X
Bellevue Lake
Camden (b)
X
M
606
1,230
ito,ooo
X
Clayton
X
M
825
865
100,000
X
Delaware City
X
P
1,363
960
50,000
X
Dover
X
M
6,223
5,700
1,200,000
X
Elaaere
X
P
5,31*
5,300
650,000
X
Felton
X
M
*55
2k0
25,000
X
Frederica
X
P
675
600
30,000
X
Harrington
X
M
2,21*1
1,800
375,000
X
Lewes
X
M
2,90*
2,130
600,000
X
Spray aeration
Magnolia
X
M
207
lko
10,000
X
Middle town
X
M
1,755
l,kMo
80,000
X
X
Milford
X
M
5,179
3,330
600,000
X
Milton
X
M
1,321
980
70,000
X
-------
AFPEHDIX C
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZOHE k
Public Water Supply Data
Source of Supply
Type of
Treatment
s
g
Municipality ca
Well
Spring
h
Population
1950
Estimated Popula-
tion Served 19^9
Average Plant
Output 19*9. G.P.D.
*
H
•rt
l
O
s
s
Remarks
lewark
X
M
6,731
*>950
Uoo,000
X
lev Castle
X
M
5,396
4,200
300,000
X
X
Hew Castle
County Airbase
X
P
(2,000)
2,000
100,000
X
X
Hewport
X
M
1,171
890
70,000
X
Richardson
Park (c)
X
P
(1,600)
(1,600)
2,250,000
X
Two well supplies
S*yrna
Tovnaend
Wilmington
(4) x
X
X
M
M
M
2,3»»6
1*1
110,356
1,750
375
122,000
250,000
25,000
1^,300,000
X
X
X
X
Two supplies from
Brandywine River
(imp.)
Brandywine
Sanltorlum x
M
(500)
500
8,000
X
X
Red Clay Creek
Delaware
Colony
X
M
(800)
800
10,000
X
Delaware State
Hospital
X
M
(1,500)
1,500
210,000
X
X
Delaware State
College
X
M
(500)
Uoo
6,000
X
-------
Source of Supply
AFFEHDIX C
DELAWARE RIVES BASIS - ZONE 4
Public Hater Supply Data
Type of
Treatment
!„ I
Ifcmicipality
t 3
m *
©
t
Population
¦ ^
Estimated Popula-
tion Served 19^9
Average Plant
Output 19»ff> G.P.P«
+»
H
U
I I
5 £
Remarks
Delaware State
ffeXffcre Soae
Belavere Water
Co,-Stanton
Plant (e)
Delaware Water
Co.-ChrljBtina
Plact (e)
(UOO)
ItOO
10,000)
1
)
)
)
25,000
8,000,000)
x x VMte Clay Creek
x x Christina River
JS2SZ
Brixton
Cape *y (f)
Cap* Ifcy
Potot (g)
Clajtoo
x
x
X
X
X
H
*
P
M
M
If
P
16,378)
)
)
3,607
198
2,500
1,J»60
15,500)
)
)
3,710
S65
2,500
1,200
2,MJ0,G0Q)
)
)
700,000
39jOOO
60,000
H|000
x x Sunset Lake 1 of
x 2 veils chlor.
x Baergeacy supply
x
X
X
-------
APPENDIX C
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN - ZONE k
Public Water Supply Data
Source of Supply
Municipality
i 9
41 r—i -H
h H h
-P 01 -p,
CO > CO
Population
1950
Estimated Popula-
tlon Served 19^-9
Landes Twp.
Malaga Section
Landes Twp.
N. Vine land
Section
Lover Penns
Neck Twp.-
Lower Penns
Neck Twp.
Deepwater
Village
Mwrice River
Twp,
Millville
Hevfield
Penns Grove
(h)
Salem (i)
x
x
P
M
x
x
P
M
M
M
M
M
7,376
2,83k
16,oin)
1,010
6,669
9,050)
w-100
s-650
210
5,000
300
s-150
15,000)
)
1,000
9,150
8,700
Average plant
Output 19^9, G.P.
265,000
367,000
8,000
1,500,000)
50,000
400,000
500,000 E
46,000
-------
APPENDIX C
EEJJWARE RIVER BASIN - ZOHE 4
Public Water Supply Data
Source of Supply
Type of
Treatment
g 3
Municipality to £
m
q u
¦rt ®
m g Population Estimated Popula-
te* o 1950 tlon Served 1949
Average Plant
Output 19^9, G,P.D.
s
u
3
A
O
8
S
Remarks
Upper Deer-
field Tup.
Upper Fenns
Seek Tvp.
Carneys
Point Sec-
tion
Upper Penns
Twp»
Deepwater
Section
AwnSaie
coatwiia*
fk}
X
X
x
x
x
X
p
M
P
P
H
M
M
M
M
5,203
8,155)
2,417
941
)
13,825)
4,948
864
3,699
200
1,850
12,000)
)
2,110
750
)
19,000)
5,000
765
3,375
W-2, 500,000
S-8,500,000
144,000
2,500,000
1,150,000
71,000
60,000
)
2,500,000)
620,000
40,000
350,000
x
x
Aeration
x
X
x
x
x
x
X
X X
Brandywlne Creek
Stillhouse Run
Brandyvlne Creek
Brandyvlne Creek
-------
APPENDIX C
DELAWARE RIVER BASIS - ZONE k
Public Water Supply Data
Type of
Source
of
Supply
Treatment
§
9
u
.
£3
¦H
¦p
d
V
•H
p.
1
Population
Estimated Popula-
Average Plant
.
i-j
h
O
d
d
Municipality
03
*
CO
1950
tion Served 19^9
Output 191+9> G.P.D.
•H
•O
O
b Remarks
Parkesburg
X
X
X
P
a,611
3,300
100,000
X
West Grove
X
P
1,521
1,360
100,000
X
SmbreevlUe
State
Hospital
X
P
-
550
70,000
X
X
Brandywine
Botes
a) Bellevue serves Bellevue, Beliefonte, Claymont, Gwinhurst, Holly Oak and Silverside.
t>) Camden serves Camden and Wyoming.
c) Richardson Park serves Richardson Park and suburban areas adjacent to Wilmington and Richardson Park.
d) Wilmington serves Westover Hills, Wilmington and other areas,
e) Delaware Water Co. serves Newark (part), Brooks ide Park Station, Wilmington Suburban Water Co., Pennsylvania
Railroad, duPont Edgemoor plant, and other industries.
f) Cape May serves Cape May, Lower Twp. (part), South Cape May, West Cape May.
g) Cape May Point serves Cape May Point, Lower Twp. (part).
h) Penns Grove serves Fedricktowa, Penns Grove, Upper Penns Heck Twp. - Penns Neck vicinity.
i) Salem serves Quinton Twp. and Salem.
J) Vine land serves Land is Twp. (part) and Viae land,
k) Coatesville serves Coatesville and South Coatesville.
-------
APPENDIX C
EELAVAKE HIVEB BASIH - ZCflE *
Public Water Supply Data
Ovner-Treataent
Delaware
Honlcipel
Filtration
Chlorinat ion Only
Bone
Husiber
of
Source of Supply Water
Stream yell Spring System
3
1
15
5
1
15
Estimated
Population
Served 19^9
129,61»0
3,330
22,730
Average Plant
Otttjjiut 19^9^ iDt
liv,898,000
6^0,000
3,306,000
Private
Filtration
Chlorination Only
lone
3
1
*
m
*
k
19,000
as
26,*70
8^50,000
2,980,000
TOTAL- mLAVASS
5
2k
-
29
203,170
30,23*,000
Hew Jersey
Municipal
Filtration
Chlorinat ion Only
Bom
2
m
L
5
*
-
S
5
*
22^,200
6,*75
1,000
1,2*5,000
799,000
1,2*6,000
Private
Filtration
Chlorination Only
lone
1
1
5
6
m
£
5
6
2*, 150
*,*io
13,710
1,900,000
590,000
5,05*1,000
TOTAL - HEW JERSEY
3
22
-
25
78,9*5
12,83*,000
Pennsylvania
Municipal
Filtration
Chlorination Only
lone
*
1
m
1
*
2
27,375
765
3,*70,000
•
*0,000
Private
Filtration
Chlorination Only
lone
1
1
1
1
m
2
m
1
*
1
550
4,050
1,360
70,000
160,000
100,000
TOTAL - FBOBZUABIA
3
3
12
3*,100
3,6*0,000
Total Basin
1*
*9
3
66
- 75 -
316,215
*£,904,000
apowsia
------- |