EPA Regio
Central Regional Laboratory
NPDES Self-Monitoring Data
and
Data Audit Inspections (DAIs)
WATERS
SOLID
WASTES
a*
VALIDATED
ANALYTICAL
ATA
LEGAL
TESTIMONY
SCIENTIFIC
EXPERTISE
2E2Excellence and Purpose in Action
-------
NPDES Self-Monitoring Data
and
Data Audit Inspections (DAIs)
.S. EPA Environmental Services Division
Central Regional Laboratory
839 Bestgate Road
Annapolis, Maryland 21401
Fall 1994
Questions concerning this document
should be addressed to:
Joseph Slayton
i
Senior Scientist/Technical Director
Phone: 410-266-9180
FAX: 410-573-2698
-------
Table of Contents
Page
Introduction 1
Disclaimer 4
Scope 5
Selection of Facilities for DAI 5
Private Sector Input 5
Inspection Reports 5
DMR Data Review 5
Discharge Monitoring Report Quality Assurance 6
File Review and Pre - Inspection Activities 6
Pre - Inspection Checklist 6
Equipment 6
Notification 7
Conducting the Inspection (DAI) 7
Inspector Credentials and Business Confidentiality 7
Overview of the Inspection 7
Pre - Briefing/Opening Conference 8
"Tone" of the Inspection 8
Tour (Walk Through) 8
Manpower Requirements & Suggested Division of Labor 9
Self-Monitoring Capability (Sampling and
Analysis Equipment) 10
Inspection Interviews 11
Performance Evaluation Samples 11
Selection of Data to Review 11
Data Review Procedures 12
i
-------
Table of Contents
Conducting the Inspection (continued) Page
Records To Be Reviewed 13
Sampling Records 14
Flow Monitoring Records 14
Field Analytical Records 15
Preservation, Containers, and Sample
Holding Times Records 16
Analytical Records (Commercial Laboratories) 16
Analytical Records (Analytical Methodology) 17
Analytical Records (Analytical Method
Performance 17
Instrument Performance Records 18
Calibration Records 18
Stability Records 19
Maintenance Records 21
Method Validation Records 21
Method Detection Records 22
Discharge Monitoring Report Quality
Assurance (DMRQA) 23
Method Sensitivity Records 24
Method Precision & Accuracy Records 24
Analytical Records (Data-- Calculations) 25
Significant Figures 27
General QC Records 28
DMR Data Records 28
Spreadsheets 28
"Tally Sheets" 29
ii
-------
Table of Contents
Analytical Records (continued) Page
DMR Data Records (continued)
Calculations (DMR) 30
Average Monthly Flow 30
Average Monthly (Concentration) 30
Average Weekly Maximum (Concentration) 31
Maximum Daily (Concentration) 31
Average Monthly (Mass Loading) 31
Average Weekly Maximum (Mass Loading) 32
Maximum Daily (Mass Loading) 32
Instantaneous Maximum 32
Geometric Average (Geometric Mean) 32
% Removal 33
Number of Exceptions 33
Waste Disposal Records 33
Pretreatment Records 34
Sampling Errors 34
Sample Type 34
Selective Sampling 35
Sample Manipulation 35
Improper Sample Preservation 35
Data Errors 35
Data Storage 38
Data Security and Back-up 39
Records (Special.Topics/Problems) 39
Selective Data Reporting 39
iii
-------
Table of Contents
Records (Special Topics/Problems- continued) Page
Problem Data/ Flagging Data 41
Greater-Than-Values 41
Less-Than-Values and HDL Issues 43
"Unacceptable QC" 44
Sample "Acceptance Policy" 45
Continuous Monitors and Minimum/Maximum
Permit Limits 46
Commercial Laboratories 46
Computers in NPDES Laboratories 47
Correction for Blanks 48
Labeling Systems 49
Training Records 50
Bottom-Line On Data Reporting 50
Data Review Checklist 51
"Exit Meeting", Inspection Documentation &
Inspection Report 54
Inspection Documentation 55
Inspection Report 56
Intensive (Criminal).Investigation 57
Additional Follow-up Activities 58
NPDES Permits (Data Topic Suggestions) 59
References 62
iv
-------
Table of Contents
Page
APPENDIX: 64
Lotus Template Illustrating DMR Calculations.
Lotus Template for Flow Proportioned
Composite Samples.
Titration Factors from Standard Methods and
Additional Analytical Calculations (Examples).
Determination of Analytical Precision.
Determination of Analytical Accuracy.
Making Dilutions.
MDL--Documentation Required by 40 CFR Part 136, Appendix B.
Example DMRQA Facility Report.
DMR Form 3320-1 (Rev. 10-79) With Instructions For
Performing The Necessary Calculations From The
"NPDES Self-Monitoring System User Guide".
"Instructions for NPDES Permit Reporting", Marlene Patillo,
1991, Maryland Department of the Environment.
"Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) Preparation", Virginia
Department of Environmental Quality.
"Ins truetions for Utilizing National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES)", Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources.
"Reference Manual for WV NPDES Discharge Monitoring Reports",
West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection.
Example DAI Inspection Report.
BFB and DFTPP Tuning
Fecal Coliform Calculations (Difficult to Calculate
MF Results).
v
-------
NPDES Self-Monitoring Data and Data Audit Inspections
INTRODUCTION:
The NPDES program requires permittees under Section 308 of
the Clean Water Act to maintain self-monitoring records and
to regularly report on the anount and nature of the
composition of their effluents on a Discharge Monitoring
Report (DMR). It has been estimated that between 16 and 17
million hours go into the yearly preparation of DMRs. This
mandate also authorizes inspections of related data, records
and reports. The specific record keeping requirements are
delineated in NPDES permits. This document describes an
NPDES inspection, Data Audit Inspection (DAI), which
emphasizes the review of self-monitoring data. One section
of this document addresses NPDES permits with regard to data
requirements and lists additional items that may further
clarify and improve permit specifications.
"Data integrity" has gained national attention due to fraud,
which has been found in a number of commercial laboratories
associated with certain Agency programs. A number of NPDES
cases involving falsification of DMR data have gone to trial
within the last few years. The.falsification or
misrepresentation of NPDES self-monitoring records is a
prosecutable criminal offense.
A basic premise is carried throughout this document, namely,
without proper documentation DMR data is of little value.
Discharge Monitoring Reports (DMRs) are submitted on pre-printed
forms, which, include a statement that the responsible official
at the facility must sign. This statement certifies that the
data is "true, accurate and complete". For the DMR data to
be "true", it must be consistent with a wealth of supporting
self-monitoring data. For the DMR data to be "accurate", it
must be based on reliable self-monitoring procedures that
result in data representative of the nature and content of
the effluent. For the DMR data to be "complete", it must
include the results of all self-monitoring analyses (using
approved procedures). The NPDES permittees must have
systematic procedures ("Laboratory Control System") for
recording data, processing the data and reporting the data in
the required format (DMR). Such data must be retained for
three years.
The NPDES program is based on self-monitoring data and as
such it is critically important that quality data be provided
to the Agency. A report from the General Accounting Office (March
1993) states that the "EPA cannot ensure the accuracy of self-
reported compliance monitoring data" and "...moreover,
neither EPA program (RCRA and NPDES) requires inspections
that are routine enough to deter fraud or complete enough
-------
2.
to detect it, and few states require fraud detection training
for their inspectors".
One technique to help assure the quality of the data being
generated is through routine inspections. The NPDES
facilities have in general received numerous state and Agency
inspections. These inspections include: cursory reviews
(Reconnaissance Inspections); sampling (Compliance Sampling
Inspections); self-monitoring procedure reviews (Compliance
Evaluation Inspections and Performance Audit Inspections-- if
a review of laboratory procedures is included), treatment
process evaluations (Diagnostic Inspections) and various
evaluations of pretreatment procedures (Pretreatment
Compliance Inspections,' Industrial User Inspections and
Pretreatment Audit Inspections). All of these inspections
include the review of seIf-monitoring data to some degree.
The inspection which involves the most intensive review of
the self-monitoring procedures is the PAI. However, because
of the numerous topics that have to be covered during the
course of even a PAI, insufficient time may be available to
perform an extensive review of self-monitoring data.
Since the NPDES program is largely dependent upon data
generated by facilities themselves and since the Agency's
inspections do not focus, on data review, an inspection which
emphasizes a review of self-monitoring data should help
insure the integrity of the self-monitoring data. The DAI
should serve to: assure that data are recorded in
meaningful, exact and complete terms (unambiguous); improve
the quality of NPDES data handling'and recording procedures
and therefore to improve the quality of self-monitoring data;
verify permit compliance; provide a deterrent to data
falsification and serve as a means of detecting such fraud if
it occurs. It is cautioned that review of data and
laboratory procedures may not reveal data fraud. Clever
alterations of self-monitoring reports, if consistent with
other records (date, time of sampling, analytical results,
etc.), are difficult to detect by reviewing data alone.
Conversations with facility staff (interviews) are a critical
portion, of the DAI review process, as are assuring that the
necessary flow monitoring, sampling and analytical equipment
are available and functioning (helping to assure that the
facility is not "dry labbing"--making-up, the self-monitoring
data).
In addition to finding fault with the facility, this
inspection is intended to provide the permittee with
recommendations on improving data handling, reporting and
documentation procedures. For the remainder of this
document, this new type of NPDES inspection, which emphasizes
the review of self-monitoring data and related procedures
will be referred to as a "Data Audit Inspection" (DAI).
-------
3 .
This document is intended to summarize the procedures for
conducting a Data Audit Inspection and to provide useful
guidance for permit writers, state inspectors, EPA
inspectors, and permittees to help assure NFDES self-
monitoring data integrity. This document also provides
information on numerous data related topics, e.g., "greater
than - values", "unacceptable QC" and includes a listing of
suggestions for additional data related items to be included
in NPDES permits and/or the 40 CFR Part 136.
Throughout this document mandatory items are associated with
"shall" or "must" (listed in 40 CFR, mandatory analytical
methods, or the permit) and suggested items are referred to as
"should" (inspectors suggestions for data/monitoring
improvements).
The ultimate goal was to provide an exhaustive collection of
information concerning NPDES self-monitoring data/data
review, which could serve as a useful desk reference. The
checklists provided in this document should serve as a
helpful on-site tool to help remind the inspector of the
essential items to be reviewed.
-------
Disclaimer:
4.
This document has been reviewed by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency Office of Water for consistency with the
requirements of the Clean Water Act and for consistency with
Office of Water policies.
This document is offered as guidance. The 40 CFR Part 136
lists the mandatory self-monitoring requirements for the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System. Any
inconsistencies between this document and the CFR are
erroneous and the promulgated requirements are to be followed
in all cases.
The mention of trade names or products is for illustrational
purposes and should not be considered an endorsement by the
Environmental Protection Agency.
Most states have "primacy" in the NPDES program and as such
may have special requirements (comparable or more stringent
than those of EPA). Many such state requirements (Region III)
have been included in this document. However, this listing
is not exhaustive and the appropriate state authority should
be consulted concerning additional requirements.
-------
5 .
Scope:
This is a non-samplirig inspection, but sampling nay be
done simultaneously* with this inspection (via a CSI) to gain
added verification of the validity of the self-monitoring
data/procedures. This inspection stresses documentation of
self-monitoring results as illustrated by several basic
premises: "If it is not written down--it did not happen" and
"In God we trust--from all others we require raw data".
As with Performance Audit Inspections, all aspects of self-
monitoring will be reviewed, (sampling, flow monitoring,
sample preservation, holding times, analytical
methods/procedures and calculations, completion of the DMR,
review of self-monitoring data and data related procedures
are emphasized). This document will not emphasize the
procedures for conducting a PAI as they are summarized in the
Compliance Inspection Manual CIM (May 1988). Similarly,
safety and logistics issues, e.g., notification procedures,
covered in the CIM, will not be emphasized in this document.
The CIM is available from the Office of Water Enforcement and
Permits (EH-338), USEPA, Washington, D.C. 20460.
Select ing Facilities for DAIs:
Information suggesting the need for an inspection
emphasizing the review of self-monitoring data may originate
from several sources. These have included:
Private Sector Input: Reports to the Agency by the public,
contractors, commercial laboratories, and/or facility employees
concerning "data mismanagement" or "data misconduct", should
be a signal for a DAI. Such allegations are important
sources of information, since data misrepresentation maybe
difficult to detect.
Inspection Reports: While conducting routine yearly
inspections the state or Agency inspector may have suspicions
or indications of "data misconduct". A DAI inspection should
serve as a means to follow-up on such inspection
findings/reports.
DMR Data Review: A pattern of poor plant performance or
steady downward trend in effluent quality followed by a
sudden and or unexplained improvement may warrant
investigation. Nearly constant values reported for a self-
monitoring parameter month-after-month may indicate analytical
errors or a "data problem".
[Note: The self-monitoring data is available in the
Permit Compliance Svs tew (PCS data base).)
-------
6.
Pischaree Monitoring Report Quality Assurance (DMRQA):
DMRQA is a yearly performance evaluation survey, which
requires all major permittees (and select minor facilities)
to analyze samples prepared from lab pure water and ampoules
mailed to each facility. "True values" and "quality control
limits" distinguish "not acceptable" from "acceptable"
performance. A great many of the errors on the DMRQA survey
have been associated with "data management" errors, i.e.,
filling out the reporting forms incorrectly, calculation
errors, wrong concentration units, etc. Facilities with
such DMRQA problems may have similar errors occurring with
their self-monitoring data (DMR).
File Review and Pre-Inspection Activities:
The facility is rarely what you anticipate in the office.
Some inspectors may find it helpful to locate and "scope-out"
the facility prior to the inspection.
Pre-Inspection Checklist:
A "Pre - inspection checklist" may be helpful (reminder list).
This could include items such as: notification of the state
authority; contacting the Regional Water Management Branch
with regard to on-going or potential litigation; review/study
of monitoring methods (flow, sampling and analytical methods);
review of the calculations associated with monitoring (flow;
sampling; and analytical calculations); talking to other inspec-
tors (state and EPA) as well as analytical experts; review of
facility file information; gathering of necessary equipment
and making a list of facility specific questions (result of
background review) to ask the facility during the inspection.
Prior to the inspection the pertinent file information
should be reviewed, including: the current NPDES permit;
information in the state authority's file; Permit Compliance
System (PCS) data base information; previous state and EPA
inspection reports; DMR data; and DMRQA data.
The use of a commercial laboratory/ies should be apparent
from the DMRQA facility file. This will include the address
phone number and a point of contact at the laboratory. This
information is vital to planning a DAI since inspecting
off-site laboratory/ies will require additional logistic
cons iderations.
Equipment:
The inspector should carry the following equipment:
inspector credentials; safety equipment (glasses, shoes and
other items which may be specified by the facility); rain
-------
7 .
gear; calculators
computer (at least
spreadsheet DMR so
last 3-5 years (ne
in Virginia); rule
bound notebooks; s
(see "Reference Se
Notification:
The inspections will be announced to the state authority,
(given at least two weeks notice) and to the facility
(authority specified in Section 308 of the Clean Water Act),
The announcement should not indicate the special emphasis (data
audit) of these inspections. Under special circumstances.
e.g., criminal investigation, mav be deemed necessary to
conduct DATs without anv ore-notification of the facility.
There are pros and cons to an unannounced inspection. A
surprise inspection may provide a more accurate "sampling" of
the facility's self-monitoring procedures, including data
procedures. However, this must be weighed against the
potential absence of personnel who routinely conduct the
self-monitoring activities. This concern is in general of
greater importance for industrial facilities, though vacation
and leave can be very disruptive for the inspection of
municipal facilities as well.
Conducting the Inspection (DAI):
Inspector Credentials and Bus iness Conf l~d^nt ial i tv:
Since data falsification and fraud are criminal offenses, it
is critically important that the inspectors present their
credentials during DAIs. The inspector must be aware that
business cards do not constitute official "credentials", but
that such cards can help with introductions. To obtain NPDES
inspector credentials the inspector must have completed the
mandatory training courses (general, program specific, as
well as safety training). Also the inspectors are cautioned
that the authority to inspect under Section 308 is limited to
those records required by the permit. Special authority may
be necessary to inspect other documents. For industrial
facilities, certain records may be claimed as confidential,
e.g., proprietary manufacturing processes, and as such must
be treated following the Agency's confidentiality procedures,
("Confidential Business Information (CBI) Security Manual", EPA
Office of Toxic Substances). Inspectors should be CBI cleared.
Overview of the Inspection:
(several so at least one will function);
a 286 CPU is necessary to run the provided
ftware at a reasonable'speed); calendar for the
cessary for the calculation of weekly maximum
r (helpful to follow columns/rows of numbers);
everal indelible ink pens; reference materials
ction"); checklists and a camera.
The inspection should begin with a pre-briefing of facility
management as to the purpose of the inspection. This is
-------
8 .
followed by: a cursory review of the self-monitoring
procedures; a detailed review of self-monitoring data and
record keeping; interviews with plant personnel concerning
facility "data procedures"; and an exit debriefing in which
the deficiencies are delineated.
Pre-briefing/Opening Conference:
In addition to providing facility personnel with the purpose
and scope of the inspection, the inspectors should question
the facility with a goal of understanding the facility's
self-monitoring operations, including schedule of monitoring
(flow monitoring, sampling, sample transport, analyses);
division of labor/responsibilities; record keeping procedures
(organization of files, location of records); workhours and
division of labor.
Since a basic record keeping system is not mandated by the
NPDES program, there is little uniformity and most permittees
have developed unique approaches. The challenge for the
inspector is to learn and understand the facility's self-
monitoring operations, especially with regard to data management
During the Opening Conference the inspector should outline
the projected schedule for data and facility review,
interviews, exit debriefing and lunch/breaks (note: union
employees may be required to take lunch and other breaks at
specific times/frequencies). This will help assure that
necessary personnel are available and should help assure that
the inspection causes as little disruption in the self-
monitoring operations as possible.
"Tone" of the Inspection:
The tone should be one of "polite diplomacy" as the inspector
asks simple and direct questions. The inspector should be
direct and to the point and be positive and professional.
The inspector should remember that he/she represents the Agency
and may be the only direct contact point of the EPA with the
facility. In addition, ideas for records improvement and other
technical assistance should be provided.
It is very important that the inspector maintain good records
of this inspection (bound notebook, indelible ink, etc.)
especially since the focus of this inspection is record
keeping (inspector should serve as a good example). The
suggestions in the section entitled "Inspection Documentation"
should be reviewed for ideas concerning inspector record
keeping.
Tour ("Walk Through Inspection") of Facility:
It has proven beneficial to conduct a quick walk through of
-------
9 .
the treatment facilities to identify flow monitoring,
sampling points and equipment, as well as to see the actual
effluent. This "tour" often serves as an important method
to understanding the self-monitoring program and at least the
basis for the treatment process.
Manpower Requirements and Suggested Division of. Labor:
Ideally, this inspection will be conducted by a team of
at least two- an engineer and a chemist. Each will focus on
their respective areas of expertise. In addition, a
representative from the Water Management Permit Enforcement
Branch should serve to assure that the inspectors are familiar
with the current compliance status of the facility and any
litigation which may be pending or in progress.
The inspection will require a minimum of two days on-site.
Given the extensive quantity of data to be reviewed,
additional time may be needed. The exact duration of this
inspection will vary with the complexity of the facility and
the permit, as well as with the extent of the problems,
related to data, encountered at the facility. A tiered
approach is recommended. A "routine" DAI inspection is
described, which may be appropriate even when data misconduct
is not suspected. Also, this document includes a list of
suggested items/considerations for non-routine or "intensive"
inspections when there is evidence/suspicion of "data
misconduct". In general, a maximum of 2-3 hours should be
spent on review of non-data related aspects of
self-monitoring. If significant problems in self-monitoring
procedures are revealed, the facility should be scheduled for
a PAI.
One approach to the division of labor is to have the
chemist review the calculations and measurement data from the
original results ("raw data") to concentration units, (mg/L,
pH-units, MPN colonies/lOOmL). The engineer reviews the
conversion of the concentration units, e.g., mg/L, into mass
loading data, (Lbs/day or Kg/day, etc.). It has proven
generally more effective, however, for both team members to
share the review of laboratory data, because there are always
far more supporting laboratory records than "field records"
and DMR results, i.e., a great many analytical records are
summarized on a single DMR report. The DMR reports can
be divided between the team members, since less data
is involved. Spreadsheet type software has been developed
to assist in performing the numerous calculations involved.
Overall, DAIs should be expected to require about twice the
time and travel costs as for PAls.
The importance of coordinated review and coramunications
-------
10.
among the Inspection team cannot be over emphasized for
Data Audit Inspections.
Self-Monitoring Capability (Sampling and Analyses Equipment):
The emphasis of this inspection is the review of self-
monitoring data. However, reviewing data without a cursory
review of the self-monitoring equipment and procedures
(sampling and analyses) could lead to erroneous conclusions.
Equipment necessary for the required analysis may not be
functioning or may not exist. This could indicate data fraud
("DRY-LABING"--making up< results,) and yet would go
undetected if the review was limited to data review.
The inspectors should have facility employees walk through
the self-monitoring procedures (field and laboratory) and
indicate equipment that is employed. This should occur as
part of the facility tour. The engineer reviews the sampling
and flow monitoring devices and the chemist reviews the
laboratory equipment. Such "walk throughs" (following the
same flow as for the samples) must involve personnel directly
performing these tasks, who should be most knowledgeable as
to how the self-monitoring procedures are actually
performed.
The use of Standard Operating Procedures by the facility are
to be encouraged, but the inspectors should not assume that
such listings are up-to-date or followed. It is critically
important to verify that equipment (field and laboratory) is
in working order and that the sampling and analysis
procedures are actually being performed. The non-data audit
portion of these inspections is to stress instrument
ope ration and calibration. (both laboratory and field
instrumentation) to help verify that samples are actually
taken and that the necessary measurements are actually being
performed (flow, etc.). Examine the equipment (sampling,
flow, laboratory) to verify that it is maintained, operational and
calibrated, including associated records of these activities.
If instruments (incubators, balances, ovens, pH meters, DO
meters, continuous monitors, flow meters, spectrophotometers,
etc.) are not functioning, then data being generated is very
suspect. Verify that 40 CFR Part 136 holding times and
preservatives are routinely used. It is essential to verify
that the proper 40 CFR Part 136 methods are being employed in
self-monitoring. Otherwise, the data and data records could
be acceptable, but the "unapproved method" could generate
unacceptable results, e.g., have additional positive or
negative interferences, etc.
The facility must have reasonable cleanliness in sampling,
field and laboratory analytical.areas to allow the trace
analyses currently required by most NPDES permits.
-------
11.
Inspection Interviews:
As the flow of samples and data are traced from origin
through analyses to DMR reports, equipment operation and
availability are verified. In addition, relatively isolated
interviews (private) are to be conducted concerning the
"truth", "accuracy" and "completeness" of the facility's
self-monitoring, data. Data manipulations and data fraud
should be discussed/questioned with each individual.
Current, past and temporary employees may provide useful
information.
In terms of technique, the inspector should practice "open
ended questions", which cannot be answered with a simple
"yes" or "no" response (generate discussion/explanations).
The inspector should be a "good listener" and not interrupt.
The inspector should emphasize that what is needed is the
full truth — good & bad. "Hearsay" is to be avoid.
Interviewing skills take practice to develop. One basic
procedure which has proven effective during interviews is
"show me". i.e., after each response ask to see the reagent,
the instrument, the container, the data-whatever was the
focus of the question and response. When done routinely
throughout the inspection, this is an excellent manner to
detect false statements and serves to reinforce the necessity
for clarity and accuracy of responses.
If any impropriety is suggested/indicated, the interview
should be carefully documented and if possible, verified in
the presence of the other inspector/s.
Performance Evaluation Samples fPEs):
As part of this inspection, QC samples are delivered for
parameters for which the facility received a "not acceptable"
performance rating on the.last DMRQA survey. Poor DMRQA
performance may indicate self-monitoring difficulties and
warrants in-depth review of related analyses. The facility is
not given the "true" concentrations of the delivered QC
samples and are instructed to analyze them to help confirm
that the analytical problems have been corrected as a result
of the DAI. PEs are a great tool for inspectors (indicate problems
help find the solution/s and confirm resolution of the problem).
Selection of Data to Review:
One of the critical portions of these inspections is the
selection of the self-monitoring data to review. It is
important that the inspectors focus on a thorough review of
a particular set of data (carefully selected sample). What
months? How many months? It is critical that both
inspectors coordinate their efforts to assure that the data
and related self-monitoring procedures from the same time
-------
12.
periods are being reviewed/gathered..
For routine inspections of a facility with a permit that
requires 5-10 parameters to be monitored daily, three months
of such data should provide g. reasonable sample set to
evaluate the data integrity of a facility. If the facility
has only weekly or monthly requirements, the number of" months
of data reviewed should be increased. The exact amount of
data reviewed will vary with the number of analytes and the
frequency of the monitoring requirements.
Depending on how the facility was originally selected for a
I>A 1, additional information may be available to help focus
the inspection on the review of data from months when data is
suspect ("Selecting Facilities for DAIs" section of this
document), or periods when the plant is stressed (high flow.
wet, hot or cold weather, treatment equipment failure,
periods of noncompliance).
Early in the inspection, the facility should be questioned as
to: what commercial laboratories have been employed in the
past; dates of changeover to different laboratory/ies; and
changes in permit requirements (dates). This information
should be considered in selection of facility data to review
to assure that an adequate sampling of data from all data
sources is reviewed.
The inspectors may increase the scope of DMR data reviewed bv
photocopying records on-s ite for extended review. once
returning to their office.
Data Review Procedures:
Largely data review involves checking the data that supports
the submitted results. Verification of data essentially
involves determining that the supporting data is on file and
that one data record supports another (cons i sten'cv ^ . i.e.,
that the bench sheet results are consistent with a summary of
tally sheet and with the printouts from the analytical
instrument. The inspector looks for a pattern of
discrepancies, e.g., errors routinely resulting in lower
self-monitoring results. The dates and times associated with
records have often proven critically important not only to
validate sampling and analyses schedules, but also analytical
holding times and data authenticity in general.
The facility must have all "raw data" necessary to reconstruct
the self-monitoring results. "Raw data" has been defined as
"unprocessed data". The key is that the inspector, with a
minimum of explanation, should be able to recreate/recalculate
the DMR results from the original instrument print-outs ("cradle
to grave") .
-------
13 .
One approach that has proven to be both systematic and
successful at revealing data related deficiencies is to trace
the origin of the data from sampling through analvsis to the
DMR--"cradle to grave" approach of data review. This
approach quickly reveals the flow of sample analyses and data
through the facility. Also, this approach can be used to
test the adequacy of the facility's record keeping
procedures, especially if this type of detailed review is
performed for samples from a period of time a year or more in
the past. Having the facility retrieve all data associated
with the completion of DMR data for a given period of time in
the past, reveals problems with the filing system/s, and
incompleteness of the records. Systems that do not involve
pre-printed forms with "fill-in - the blanks", e.g., laboratory
bench sheets, often do not result in all necessary data being
recorded. Similarly, data organizational systems that do not
include bound notebooks often have missing sheets or the
sheets are not in order. A cross index, which indicates the
location of files and the organization of the data, is
frequently not available.
Difficulty with such data retrievals often occurs at large
commercial laboratories or state laboratories. At such
facilities, the large number of samples and clients
necessitates that samples receive a code number. The
retrieval of data for a particular permittee therefore is
complicated by an initial step-- to determine the "code" for
the facility. It has proven helpful, in reviewing data
systems at commercial laboratories, for the inspector to carry
example data reports/correspondence, which were sent to the
permittee as part of the data set being checked/verified.
Such correspondence often contains the "sample code numbers",
which can greatly speed retrieval of archived records.
Data retrievals help indicate the, completeness of the data
record. The time it takes to retrieve such records will be
an additional indication of how organized the data system is
(manual and computerized) and how effective it is.
A great deal of data and associated documentation is reviewed
in detail during a DAI. Short breaks every couple of hours
have proven beneficial to the data review process.
Records To Be Reviewed:
The following listing of self-monitoring records are to be
reviewed as part of a DAI: Note: Each record is explained
including an indication of what areas frequently involve
deficiencies.
Note: Analytical records refer to both field (flow, DO, pH, etc.)
and laboratory analyses records.
-------
Sampling Records:
14.
The date, time and sampler must be recorded. These records
must be in indelible ink and such records must be filed in an
organized fashion. Such records should include a listing of
any preservatives added to the sample. This information is
usually included as part of a Chain of Custody Record. which
functions to trace who was in possession/responsible for a
sample from the time it was taken until the time of analysis.
Such custody records often do not indicate the identity of
the person/s (courier) that transported the samples from the
sampler to the laboratory. Also, this important record is
often in pencil or water soluble ink and difficult to read.
The inspector should look for deviations from the routine
sampling schedule, especially changes that may result in
missing periods of high loadings (industrial and/or municipal).
Fraudulent sampling activities would also include "false
sampling" (substituting all or part of the effluent sample
with laboratory pure water or tap water) and "sample shopping"
(discarding results for certain noncompliant samples).
Though not a permit requirement, there should be a record of
how the sample containers were prepared/cleaned, as well as
how the preservatives were obtained/prepared.
Flow Monitoring Records:
Note: This document does not address the procedures for
measuring flow and calibration of the various devices (weirs,
flumes, etc.). These topics are discussed in detail in the
"NPDES Compliance Flow Measurement Manual" (September 1981),
available from the Office of Water Enforcement and Permits
Enforcement Division (EN-338), USEPA, Washington, D.C. 20460.
Flow data are critically important since mass loadings are
generally specified by NPDES permits. The measured flow
multiplied by the measured analyte concentration is equal to
the mass loading of the pollutant (flow as MGD * concentration
as mg/L * 8.34, for Lbs./Day or a factor of 3.785 for Kg/Day).
Flow data are as critical to reliable self-monitoring data
as sampling and analyses data. Since the DAI verifies the
DMR data, it is crucial that the flow data records be checked
and the reported values confirmed. The permittee must have
well calibrated and maintained flow monitoring devices
(primary weirs, flumes and secondary floats, bubblers and
output charts/totalizers). The facility should have
records of the calibrations (yearly by a consulting
engineering firm and quarterly by internal verifications).
Documentation of the calibration procedures and the
associated data must be complete, accurate and well
organized. The totalizer should indicate the units and the
-------
15 .
origin of any conversion factor for flow (MGD). Strip charts
from continuous flow monitoring devices must include the
dates (start and stop), analyst's identity and calibration
information (date/time of calibration and who performed the
calibration and the results obtained), as should any totalizer
results.
NPDES permits generally do not include requirements for
labeling records and numerous shortcomings in labels (column
headings, units associated with results, etc.) have been
noted during inspections.
Maintenance records for flow monitoring equipment should be
similarly retained and organized.
Field Analvtical Records:
The same records as are retained for laboratory analyses must
be retained for field analyses (date, analyst, and record
of calibration). One of the most common shortfalls in such
documentation is a record of calibration--a written record.
This is generally a problem for dissolved oxygen,
temperature, residual chlorine and pH. Calibration records
should include the type, concentration and source of
standards used (reference buffers for pH and QC performance
evaluation samples for residual chlorine) and the type of
calibration, e.g., air saturated with water (DO).
Thermometers should be calibrated, once a year, using a
thermometer traceable to NIST. A record must be maintained
which relates the actual temperature (NIST reference
thermometer) to the measured temperature (thermometer being
calibrated). If a specific temperature limit is on the NPDES
permit, then this temperature must be one of the test points.
If a general or broad range, temperature limit is required,
then calibrations over the same range must be documented.
Samples taken for all of the "field parameters", e.g., DO,
pH, residual chlorine and temperature cannot be held prior to
analysis, i.e., have no holding times. The samples are to
be analyzed immediately and with the exception of temperature,
the samples for these analytes are generally specified to be
grab samples. A grab sample is defined as: a sample taking
less than 15 minutes to collect. Temperature is generally
specified as "immersion stabilization" or continuous. Given
the short holding time ("analyze immediately"), it is
critical for "field parameters" that the time of analysis be
recorded, in addition to the time of sampling, yet this is
frequently omitted.
Additional information on data from continuous field monitors
is included in a separate section dedicated to this topic.
-------
16 .
Field and Laboratory Analytical Records (Preservation
Checks/Records. Containers and Sample Holdine Times) :
Numerous compilations of preservation requirements are
available in Agency guidance documents and manuals, e.g., EFA
600/4-79-020, Methods for Chemical Analyses of Water and
Wastes. Standard Me thods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater. and the NPDES Compliance Inspection Manual (May
1988). These listings are often antiquated or otherwise
inconsistent with listings in the current 40 CFR Part 136.
The CFR is the only promulgated reference and takes
precedence over other such listings. THE LABORATORY SHOULD
HAVE A COPY OF THE 40 CFR PART 136 PRESERVATIVES/HOLDING
TIMES AND CONTAINERS.
DATES/TIMES OF SAMPLING AND DATES/TIMES OF ANALYSES MUST BE
CHECKED CAREFULLY. Inconsistencies have been identified in
cases of analytical misrepresentation and fraud.
Once the samples arrive in the laboratory, they should be
checked to verify that the required preservation has been
completed. THE RESULTS OF SUCH CHECKS SHOULD BE RECORDED.
In large laboratories, this is frequently done by a "sample
custodian" when the samples first arrive. As indicated in
the section on."sampling records", the preservatives added
(what and how amount) should have also, been recorded by the
sampler. Some of the most common requirements are: cool 4C;
acid addition (HN03 for metals, H2S04 for various nitrogen
and phosphorus species, Oil and Grease, and 1:1 HC1 for
certain volatile organics, etc.); and base addition, (NaOH
for cyanide, and sulfide).
Analvt ical Records (Commerc tal Laboratories ^:
The use of commercial laboratories has become increasingly
common, as NPDES analytical procedures have become more
complex ("non-conventional" parameters such as metals,
organics, and bioassays have become common NPDES permit
requirements). It is critically important to inspect.the
commercial laboratory and associated correspondence and data
records as part of a DAI. The inspection of several
laboratories can greatly impact the logistics necessary for
the DAI. The facility should be requested to arrange for the
inspector's entry into the commercial laboratory/ies.
The correspondence (letters and "lab reports") received by
the permittee from the commercial laboratory are reviewed for
completeness (analytical method used, results, units,
analyst, date of analysis, results of preservation checks,
date of sampling, QC procedures performed and the associated
results). All of the analytical records which the facility
laboratory is required to maintain as detailed in this
-------
17
document must be similarly maintained by the commercial
laboratory.
Analytical Records (Analytical Methodoloev):
There are numerous compilations o£ analytical methods for the
analysis of analytes commonly on NPDES permits, including: EPA
600/4-49-020, Methods for Chemical Analyses of Water and
Wastes: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater. and USGS, "Methods for Analysis of Inorganic
Substances in Water and Fluvial Sediments". Numerous methods
are generally listed for each analyte. Many of these methods
are often antiquated or otherwise inconsistent with listings
in the current 40 CFR Part 136. The CFR is the only promulgated
reference and takes precedence over other such listings. THE
LABORATORY SHOULD HAVE A LISTING OF THE 40 CFR PART 136
ANALYTICAL METHODS. As the inspector performs a rapid review
of the laboratory procedures, it should be verified that the
listing of the methods being employed is accurate and that 40
CFR Part 136 methods are actually being used.
Ideally, the laboratory should have written Standard
Operating Procedures (SOPs) which delineate any differences
between the method as listed by 40 CFR Part 136 and the
procedures actually employed by the facility. Facilities may
also have SOPs, which delineate all the steps in a procedure,
in an attempt to minimize differences in procedure/technique
between analysts. The inspector should not assume that SOPs
are actually followed by the facility personnel.
Analytical Records (Analytical Method Performance *> : Some of
the most critical records in the laboratory involve method
performance. These records include instrument calibration,
instrument stability, precision, accuracy, detection/
sensitivity and external performance evaluation, e.g., DMRQA
and other quality control measures.
One special consideration for NPDES is that the regulations
and most permits are not clear on what specific QC, other than
instrument calibration, should be performed! Many of the
methods, especially those for inorganic analytes, are quite
dated and do not include requirements or specifications for
extensive performance checks.
In the inspection report .and Deficiency Notice associated
with a DAI (described in a later section), it is important to
distinguish items which are required versus items that are
not included in the regulations or referenced methods. The
later should be listed in follow-up reports as "suggestions".
The inspector, however, should require certain basic items,
e.g., proper operation of equipment, etc. which are essential
to good science.
-------
18 .
Analytical Records (Method Performance - - Instrument Performance) :
Much of ultimate quality of analytical results may be traced
to instrument performance. As a consequence of this
importance, it is critical that instrument performance be
documented. Records should be maintained of: results for
calibration standards; results obtained for blanks;
instrument stability (baseline drift); method validation;
method sensitivity; check standard results; precision and
accuracy (quarterly QC samples and external performance
evaluation.studies including DMRQA). All of these measures
are affected by instrument performance.
Analytical Records (Method Performance - - Calibratlon Records):
Regardless of the basic principle/s of the test (gravimetric,
spectrometric; titrimetric, etc), it is important that the
relationship between the measured quantity (weight,
absorbance, volume of titrant, etc.) be related to the
concentration of the analyte, using accurate reference
material. In all cases the calibration should involve
standard materials with concentrations or masses near and
bracketing that measured for the samples and a reagent blank.
If multiple concentration or mass standards are prepared, the
relationship between instrument response and concentration
("standard curve") must be well documented and these records
must be maintained. A calibration curve also indicates the
"working range" (generally linear) for which this relationship
has been established. The sample concentrations, which
exceed this recorded working range, should be diluted and if
possible re-analyzed. Similarly, sample concentrations below
the lowest standard should be flagged. The permit limit
should be included in the "working range". & calibration
standard should always be included at or near the permit
limit (concentration value).
Note: more information on sample concentrations which exceed
or are below the established working range are included in
the section "Special Data Topics".
NPDES permits require that records of instrument callbration
be maintained. This should include: the concentrations
of the standards (ug/L, mg/L, pH-units, etc.); the date of
calibration; the analyst that performed the calibration; any
curve, diagram or statistical procedures employed ("least
squares characteristics", etc.); the source of the standard
material; and any preparation steps that may have been
required, i.e., weighings, drying, dilutions, etc.
The actual weights measured out for reference material
(solids) or volumes for (liquids) should be reviewed.
CALIBRATION STANDARDS PREPARED TO HAVE FALSELY HIGH
CONCENTRATIONS (THOUGH LABELED WITH A LOWER (TARGET)
-------
19.
CONCENTRATION VALUE), WILL RESULT IN FALSELY LOWER DMR
RESULTS. If the analytical method does not require that a
new calibration curve be analyzed daily, as a minimum a
"continuing calibration check standard" and a reagent blank
should be analyzed to verify the documented curve. As it is
impossible to verify a multi-point curve with a single point,
two points (two standards) and a reagent blank with,
concentrations which bracket the concentration measured for
the samples should be analyzed and a record maintained. Some
SDtfA methods e.g., volatile organics, do not specify multiple
standards, but instead stress that a single standard be
analyzed with a concentration within 20 % of the measured
sample concentration. Even for such analyses, a second standard
so as to bracket the concentration of the sample is advisable.
Analytical Records (Method Performance--Stability Records):
If an analytical session includes ten or more analyses, then
the Instrument calibration should be verified by analyzing
one of the calibration standard (buffer/pH, air saturated
with water/DO, etc.) after each set of ten or fewer samples
(check standard). Since continuing calibration check
standards were selected to bracket the measured
concentrations, these same standards should be analyzed as
check standards (alternating one and then the other).
Regardless of the number of samples analyzed, a record of the
analysis of a check standard at the end of the analytical run
should be maintained because this will measure stability of
the entire analytical session (instrument "drift"). In
general, check standards, differing from the "true value" by
more than ten percent, indicate: either an instrument
problem, e.g. changing baseline (response to the reagent
blank) instrument drift; time to prepare a new curve
(instrument response has changed); or that the check standard
is in error. Re-analysis of the check standard and all of
the samples since the last acceptable check standard is
indicated, regardless of the source of the problem.
It is a fairly common misconcention that because an
instrument indicates concentration directly and/or the
manufacturer specifies a single calibration standard,
analysis of multiple standards (differing in concentration)
cannot be used for calibration or are unnecessary for
calibration. Calibration solutions with concentrations
which bracket the measured concentration of the samples can
still be analyzed/utilized. These multiple calibration
standards are treated as samples and a record should be
maintained of the instrument readings (concentrations)
obtained for these additional standards. A general rule of
thumb is that the "obtained concentration" must match the
"actual (known) concentration" within 10%.
A record should be maintained of the calibration of the
-------
20 .
analytical balance. This instrument is used for gravimetric
(suspended solids, oil & grease, etc.) analyses and the
preparation of reagent and calibration solutions for most
analytical methods. The operation of the balance is critical
to obtaining accurate results. The values obtained for Class
"S" (reference) weights should be recorded before each use of
the balance and the weights.selected should bracket the
weights for a given measurement ("neat" material, filter
weights, etc.). A service contract should be in place, which
includes an independent balance accuracy check. Records of
the contract and performance during the service visit should
be maintained.
Titer determinations for wet chemistry methods, e.g., azide-
modified Winkler, acidimetric ammonia, COD, etc., require
careful documentation. The volumes and the concentration of
standard material, as well as the volume of the titrant, and
volume of the sample must be recorded in addition to the date
and name of the analyst.
A record must be m&intained for the calibration of
thermometers used for measurements of temperature (if
temperature is a permit parameter) and in the analyses of
col iform bacteria. The reference thermometer must be
traceable to NIST. In addition, it is suggested that the
calibration of thermometers used in other tests should be
documented (BOD incubators, TSS dry ovens; O&G water baths,
etc.). Neither the 40 CFR nor the analytical methods (except
temperature and coliform) specify that thermometers are to be
calibrated. However, most NPDES permits specify that
analytical equipment is to be calibrated. The thermometers
used in drying ovens and incubators must be calibrated to
fulfill this permit requirement.
In addition to the stability of determinative instruments
such as pH meters and spectrophotometers (calibration curves,
continuing calibration check standards, and check standards
are measures of stability for such instruments), it is
important that the facility have records of the performance
of ovens, incubators, stills/deionizer systems,
refrigerators, refrigerated sample compositors, etc. Daily
temperature records (incubators ovens, stills, furnaces)
should be maintained to help document the validity of the
analytical results for methods that rely on this
instrumentation.
Records of conductance/resistance, residual chlorine and
other measures of water purity should be' maintained for the
source/s of laboratory pure water. As with the analytical
balance, the performance of the still/de-ionizer can greatly
affect the quality of analyses throughput the laboratory.
-------
21 .
Such records are useful for the facility to indicate when an
instrument should be repaired/replaced/cleaned.
Analytical Records (Method Performance - - Maintenance :
Maintenance is critically important to scientific
instrumentation performance and therefore to analytical
method performance. Records should be available which
indicate the date and specifics of such activities. A
yearly schedule should be available that indicates the
time line for maintenance (stills, ovens, spectrophotometers,
etc.). NPDES permits generally require "maintenance records"
and therefore deficiencies in maintenance records would be
considered deficiencies in self-monitoring.
Analytical Records (Method Performance - - Method Validation):
Most NPDES analytical methods for organics and some inorganic
methods, e.g., 1C, ICAP, require an "Initial
Demonstration of Capability" to perform the analysis.
Generally, this "method validation" involves the analyses of
a QC sample (certified reference material prepared in
laboratory pure water) as four replicates carried through all
steps of the analysis. Acceptable performance is indicated
by the « recovery and standard deviation limits for each
analyte listed in the methods. Full documentation of this
validation procedure should be maintained (all supporting
data, name of analyst, method, date, and tabulations of
obtained results versus method requirements, etc.). One
error that is frequently observed is that the units of the
reported precision and/or accuracy data (method validation)
do not match the units of the method/40 CFR specified limits.
In addition, the actions taken by the permittee to correct
any "not acceptable" results obtained from this "method
validation" must be described in detail. The CFR referenced
methods which specify an initial "demonstration of
capability" require that the analytes for which "Not
Acceptable" results were obtained must be re-analyzed.
Though not clearly specified in the associated analytical
methods, RECORDS FOR SUCH VALIDATIONS SHOULD EXIST FOR EACH
NEW ANALYST AND INSTRUMENT, i.e., this demonstration of
capability must be repeated anytime there is a significant
change in the analytical procedures/personnel.
In addition, QC. samples (reference material from a source
different from the material routinely used for calibration
standards) should be analyzed routinely each quarter to
verify method performance.
-------
22.
Analvtical Records (Method Performance--Method Detection):
Numerous permits now include "not detected" as a compliance
limit and list EFA analytical Detection Limits (MDLs) and
"alternate facility specific MDLs".
The Method Detection Limit (MDL) is defined in the 40 CFR
Part 136, Appendix fi as "the minimum concentration of a
substance that can be measured and reported with 99%
confidence that the analyte concentration is greater than
zero and is determined from analysis of a sample in a given
matrix containing the analyte".
The procedure for the determination of MDLs is as indicated
in the 40 CFR Part 136, Appendix B. This involves at least 7
replicate spikes into the matrix of interest, followed by the
analyses including all aspects of the analytical procedure
(digestion, distillation etc.).
As NPDES permit limits have been adjusted to obtain water
quality based stream limits, analytical method detection
limits have become an important issue. In a number of cases,
the available 40 CFR Part 136 methods do not have adequately
low MDLs. Additional methods development by the Agency may be
needed in such cases.
In many permits, the required discharge limit is at or near
the detection limit listed for the analytical method.
Unfortunately, most of the method detection data available
for NPDES methods is based upon spikes into laboratory pure
water, and frequently do not include the preparative steps of
the method, e.g., digestion for metals. As a consequence
these "detection limits" represent the very best method
performance. Method Detection Limits in actual effluents,
using the entire analytical method, may be significantly
higher due to matrix effects and the imprecision of the
preparative procedures. As a consequence of these problems,
permits generally offered NPDES permittees the option to
apply for alternate facility specific MDLs.
Unless specified on the permit or in the analytical method
itself, KDL determinations and associated records are not
required by NPDES. "Under such circumstances, deficiencies in
MDL records would not be considered deficiencies in self-
monitoring, unless the facility had obtained an "Alternate
MDL". Many NPDES permits, which attempt to regulate at or
near the detection limits of the analytical methods, allow
the permittee to determine the MDLs associated with
analyses of the actual effluent. These alternate MDLs
(matrix dependent) are then set as the regulated/permitted
limit/s. In such cases, this site-specific MDL data must be
on file. A listing of the documentation necessary for
-------
23 .
Alternate MDLs. which should be maintained by the facility,
is included in the Appendix.
Even if a facility does not wish to apply for an Alternate
MDL, the MDLs should be determined by the facility to verify
that low level permit limits are obtainable (could the
facility actually detect and measure such low level
concentrations). This is especially critical, since the
Agency's available detection limits are for laboratory pure
water and, in many cases, do not include sample preparation
steps (digestions, extractions, etc.). Such detection limits
are actually "Instrument Detection Limits". The MDL
determinations will also allow the facility to verify that
the lowest calibration standard used for a given method is
above the actual MDL, i.e., the result obtained for the low
standard is "real" and not just background noise/readings.
It is suggested that the facility perform MDL determinations
in laboratory pure water as well as the sample matrix, since
the available Agency MDL data is for laboratory pure water.
Such "Reagent Water MDLs" serve as a yardstick to evaluate
the laboratory's analytical capabilities, i.e., if the
laboratory's MDLs in lab pure water are significantly greater
than those listed by the Agency, then the elevated MDLs
suggested by the facility (facility specific "Alternate
MDLs) may actually be due to poor analytical technique
(independent of the sample matrix).
IF THE DETERMINED MDL IS ABOVE THE PERMIT LIMIT, THE FACILITY
SHOULD CONTACT THE STATE AUTHORITY. Note: See section on
reporting "Less-Than-Values".
Analytical Records (Method Performance - - Discharge Monitoring
Report Quality Assurance (DMRQA') :
As indicated in the introduction, this is a yearly
performance evaluation survey which requires all major
permittees (and select minor facilities) to analyze samples
prepared from lab pure water and ampoules mailed to each
facility. "True values" and "quality control limits" are
used to distinguish "not acceptable" from "acceptable"
performance on the study. A great many of the DMRQA errors
have been associated with data management errors.
i.e., filling out the reporting forms incorrectly,
calculation errors, wrong concentration units, etc. Similar
errors may also be occurring with the DMR data. As part of a
DAI, the inspectors must review data assoc iated with DMRQA to
assure that the facility actually performed the analyses.
The inspectors should also verify that problems associated
with the "Not Acceptable" results on the DMRQA (often the
result of calculation errors or analytical errors), have been
corrected and that such errors are not occurring when
-------
24.
reporting DMR data. The facility can employ a commercial
laboratory to perform the DMRQA analyses, but only if this
laboratory routinely performs the self-monitoring analyses.
Analytical Records (Method Performance - - Method Sensitivity):
Another method performance parameter that should be
documented is the amount or degree of instrument/method
response versus the amount (concentration) of the analyte
(slope of the calibration curve). This is not routinely
considered as part of the calibration procedures, though the
information is useful and should be recorded. It has often
proven the case that facilities having analytical difficulty
as indicated by "Not Acceptable" results being reported on
the DMRQA actually have poor method sensitivity (small
differences in instrument response results in a large
difference in the analytical result). As a result, a small
difference in instrument response may result in large errors.
One way to judge if a method is sensitive enough is to read
the instrument values corresponding to the acceptance limits
for the DMRQA from the calibration curve. If the limits of
the "acceptable range" for DMRQA equate to instrument
values, which are very close to one another, then the
analytical sensitivity is inadequate, i.e., the "acceptance
window" is so narrow due to inadequate method sensitivity,
that the facility has a high probability of obtaining
"unacceptable results"--both on the DMRQA and on routine
self-monitoring samples.
Analytical Records (Method Performance - - Prec i s ion and Accuracy) :
In general, the requirement for QC procedures, other than those
specifically listed in the CFR referenced methods, is very
limited or does not appear at all on NPDES permits. One
exception to this observation is the State of Delaware NPDES
permits, which require that the facilities perform accuracy
and precision checks with each set of samples and compile the
data. The data is submitted on a yearly basis to the Delaware
Department of Natural Resources. The importance of
determining precision and accuracy on a day-to-day basis and
recording the results is to help establish trends and set
limits of acceptability, which indicate when samples should be
re-analyzed or the results "flagged" (reported but highlighted
and explained). Precision is a measure of how reproducible a
result is and accuracy is a measure of how near the result is
to the "true" value.
Most inorganic methods, especially dated methods, do not
include such formal QC procedures. In general, NPDES methods
for organics do include procedures to measure analytical
accuracy. The ICAP analysis, a relatively new inorganic
analytical method, e.g., metals by ICAP, contains
-------
25 .
accuracy and precision requirements.
Most analytical procedures (field and laboratory) and
sampling procedures lend themselves to precision
determinations (duplication). Accuracy, which is measured by
spiking (adding a know amount of material to a sample), is
not applicable to a number of analyses, e.g., temperature,
DO, pH, residual chlorine, sulfides, etc. This is because of
the lack of stable reference materials. However, an
additional method to determine accuracy is by the analyses of
QC materials (standard reference material). An example of
this approach is participation in performance evaluation
surveys, e.g., QC material and DMRQA. The DHRQA survey is
conducted only once a year. Routine analysis of QC reference
material (obtained from a external/independent source),
should be performed at least on a quarterly basis.
Available facility precision and accuracy data should be
reviewed by the inspector to help determine if the facility
determined limits are reasonable versus the limits for
precision and accuracy published in many CFR methods.
Additional information on accuracy and precision, with regard
to DMR reporting, is included in the section, "Special
Topics" .
Analytical Records (Data* - Calculations') :
Analytical data and associated calculations should be
reviewed in detail. The laboratory data for the same time
frame as the DMRs that are being reviewed are to be verified
[see the Appendix section Analytical Calculations].
Even the most straight forward analytical calculations may
initially confuse the inspector/s, because of the facility's
approach and by the use of "magic factors". There are many
ways to set up and solve chemical equations/problems. As
with most portions of the DAI, communication can prove the
most troublesome problem. Finding someone at the facility
to explain how they are performing a calculation may prove
problematic in itself. Often at the root of such
difficulties is the general tendency to combine multiple
steps (multiplication and/or division) into one "magic
factor", which may take some time to unravel. The inspector
should thoroughly review the calculations associated with the
analytical methods before the DAI. One essentially fail-safe
approach for inspectors to solve "calculation puzzles" is to
determine the sample concentration using the technique
normally used by the inspector and compare this to the values
obtained by the facility. If the results are identical, the
inspector should record the calculations used by the facility
and study them when more time is available. If the results
-------
26 .
do not agree, the problem must be resolved immediately.
The most demanding calculations tend to be those in rather
outdated units, e.g., BOD when dilutions are expressed in %r
and/or when a seed correction and a dilution factor must be
applied. Calculations for analytes, which are concentrated or
diluted by preparative steps, (cyanide, BNAs , pesticides/PCBs)
involve fairly complicated calculations. GC/MS calculations,
using internal standards (response factors), include many
steps ("layers" of calculations). Modern instrumentation
(regardless of the analytical procedure) generally include
the calculation of the final concentration by a computer.
COMPUTERIZED RESULTS (AUTOMATED CALCULATIONS) MUST BE
VERIFIED (JUST AS FOR HANUAL CALCULATIONS) by the inspector, to
assure that the algorithms are correct (free of errors). It
should be cautioned that "logic errors", in an automated
system, (under ce rtaln circumstances. not always, the program
will generate the incorrect result), can be the most
difficult to detect. Computers can, in such instances "tell
lies" .
Titration factors and the similar calculations involving
"Normality" (N) can get confusing--especially since little in
the way of explanation of the "magic factors" included in the
EPA Methods Manual or Standard Methods is provided.
Facilities often assume that the titrant concentration is as
per the method, without verification. Dissolved oxygen and
the acidimetric titration of ammonia are examples of methods
which include titration calculations. These methods assume a
given required concentration for the titrant (N), without
providing the necessary equations to alter the result for
a different titrant strength (¦titer"). Both of these
analytical methods, however, do not require that the "titer"
should be determined. However, the concentration of
dissolved oxygen will only be equal to the mLs of sodium
thiosulfate used in the titration if the volume of sample
titrated is 203 mL and the titrant is 0.0250N. Similarly,
each mL of H2S04 titrant is equivalent to 1 mg/L of ammonia
nitrogen only when 280 mL of sample is titrated and if the
titrant is exactly 0.0200N.
THE FACILITY MUST HAVE RECORDS OF TITRATIONS NECESSARY TO
VERIFY THE CONCENTRATION OF THE .TITRANT OR PROOF OF
CERTIFICATION, IF THE TITRANT IS PURCHASED WITH THE
CONCENTRATION CERTIFIED. THE INSPECTOR SHOULD VERIFY THAT
THE FACILITY DOES NOT EXCEED THE RECOMMENDED SHELF-LIFE
LISTED BY THE MANUFACTURER FOR THE CERTIFIED TITRANT.
On the other hand, the equations provided in the calculations
of other titration analytes, such as COD, include the necessary
flexibility to allow for difference titrant strengths
-------
27.
(concentration does not have to be an exact, set value).
The DAI inspector should assure that the laboratory analysts
understand these equations and hov to adjust the calculations
for differences in titrant strength. The following documents
on the topic of NPDES related calculations have been included
in the Appendix of this manual: "Titration Factors from
Standard Methods and Additional Analytical Calculations"
(calibration curve, internal standards, external standards,
gravimetric analysis and Least Squares Regression)
and "Making dilutions".
One of the most common problems with regard to documentation
of analytical results is failure to record the volume of
samples used for the analvsis. The facility often contends
that this volume is constant (day-after-day). However, a
record of the volume of sample analyzed is crucial to the
documentation of the result, e.g., titrations.
TO HELP AVOID CALCULATION ERRORS, IT SHOULD BE RECOMMENDED
THAT THE LABORATORY DATA BE CROSS-CHECKED BY A SECOND ANALYST
AND THAT THIS SHOULD INCLUDE A "SIGN-OFF" RECORD TO DOCUMENT
THAT THIS PROCEDURE IS IN PLACE AND IS ROUTINELY USED.
In addition, automation of the calculations should be
considered (see section "Computers in NPDES Laboratories").
Analytical Records (Data-- Significant Figures^:
In data reporting, the number of figures recorded for a
measured quantity must reflect the precision of the
measurements. This imparts the degree of certainty that can
be associated with the reported result. All the figures
reported must be "significant" (useable) and yet not give
additional digits, which are uncertain or unusable
("insignificant?"). For example, 8.44 indicates that we are
certain that it is greater than 8.435 but less than 8.445.
For recording of analytical results (field and laboratory)
and calculations (analytical and for the DMR), the NPDES
permittees must adhere to the following basic premise: the
significance of an analytical result cannot be more
significant than the least precise step in the procedure and
the numbers resulting from calculations cannot be more
precise than the data used in the calculations.
The conventions for determining the number of significant
figures in a recorded value, e.g., 0.000054020 contains 5
significant figures -- the last 5 digits, and how to round-
off to the proper number of significant figures resulting
from mathematical operations are not addressed in this
document. These topics are discussed in detail in the EPA
Handbook for "Analytical Quality Control in Water and
Wastewater Laboratories", (EPA-600/4-79-019) and the Compliance
Inspection Manual (May 1987).
-------
28 .
Frequently the least precise ("significant") step in NPDES
analytical procedures (laboratory and field) is the measurement
of the required aliquot of the sample necessary for
the analysis. Often this involves the use of a graduated
cylinder. The following tolerances for laboratory glassware
were obtained from Lab Glass (Vineland, New Jersey).
glassware used
Mis (+)
10
mL
graduated
cylinder
0.1
25
mL
graduated
cylinder
0.3
50
mL
graduated
cylinder
0.4
100
mL
graduated
cylinder
0.6
250
mL
graduated
cylinder
1.4
500
mL
graduated
cylinder
2 . 6
1000
mL
graduated
cylinder
5.0
glassware
used
Precision ftolerance)
Mis (+)
25
mL
class
A
volumetric
flask
0 .03
50
mL
class
A
volume trie
flask
0.05
100
mL
class
A
volumetric
flask
0.08
250
mL
class
A
volumetric
flask
0.11
500
mL
class
A
volumetric
flask
0.15
1000
mL
class
A
volume trie
flask
0 . 30
After careful review of an analytical method to determine
the least precise step, and using established
tolerance/precision data, (similar to the precision data
listed above for graduated cylinders), the facility-should
establish the number of significant figures for each
analyse s.
Analvt ical Re cords (Data-- General Ouali tv Control Records):
QC data items such as the date chemicals and certified
calibration standards arrive in the laboratory and the date
that the reagents were first opened, should be recorded
directly on the reagent/calibration standard bottles. This
should include the analyst's initials.
Analytical Records (Data - - DMR Data):
Spreadsheets:
Review of the DMR data is time-consuming and tedious. It is
a process that should be automated in facility laboratories
as well as for DAls. It lends itself to a spreadsheet
software approach. Example spreadsheet templates. with
equations revealed, have been Included in the Appendix. This
-------
29 .
PC approach should save time, effort and avoid calculation,
transcription, and even judgement errors (minimum and maximum
selection can be automated as well).
Such spreadsheets could automatically perform calculations
such as geometric means, monthly and daily averages for
concentration and mass loadings in various units. DAls
routinely involve many hours of transcribing column after
column of numbers and performing numerous time-consuming
calculations. Using such PC templates, verification of the
DMR data should become a matter of one team member reading
the other the raw data. The use of PCs should speed the data
review process. Numerous facilities have developed their own
templates, e.g., Washington East Washington, Warrendale,
Pennsylvania has elaborate templates, which perform all the
necessary DMR calculations using Lotus 123. Andrew Lash of
Martinsville (VA0025305), Martinsville, Virginia has similar
spreadsheet templates, which are reported using a spreadsheet
desktop publishing package called "Always". Software
vendors, such as WindowChem Software (Fairfield, CA) are
beginning to supply spreadsheets for DMR reporting. The
latter uses Microsoft Windows and Microsoft Excel spreadsheet
software. The inspector should verify that the spreadsheets
are performing the calculations correctly (test a number of
results by reviewing the program instructions and by
performing the calculations "manually-with a calculator).
Also the data entry into such spreadsheets still requires
manual entry, which can result in typographical and
transcription errors. THE USE OF PCs DOES NOT ELIMINATE THE
IMPORTANCE OF HAVING A SECOND INDIVIDUAL AT THE, FACILITY
ROUTINELY CROSS-CHECKING DATA ENTRY. In terms of the DAI--
computer performed calculations and data transcription cannot
be assumed to be error - free (cross-checking is important) .
Tally Sheets:
Another useful approach, that aids both the facility and the
DAI inspector, is the compilation of all the analytical data
for the monthly DMR on one large tally sheet. This pulls
together all the data to one location and makes the difficult
job of completing (or verifying) the DMR more systematic.
It is critically important that the facility retain such
"tally sheets", since these contain a compilation of all of
the individual results that are presented on the DMR (the DMR
indicates only the final averages or a minimum/maximum,
whereas such tally sheets list all of the monitoring results).
Such a summation is an obvious necessity to document the DMR
results, and also will aid the inspector in verifying the DMR.
One data field on the DMR is "frequency". The permittee is
to indicate the number of times an analyte was monitored
(sampled and analyzed). The inspector should verify the
-------
30.
frequency that monitoring is performed. Plant operations
lops should indicate when samples are collected, as should the
chaln-of-custodv records. These records should correlate
with laboratory result records. If. monitoring is performed
more frequently than required bv the permit (parameters
listed on the permit) and CFR approved procedures are
employed. all such results must be reported on the DMR. For
parameters not listed on the NPDES permit. analytical results
must be submitted with the DMR. if the analyses are conducted
using 40 CFR approved methods and if the sampling location
was that specified by the permit.
Special scrutiny is necessary if monitoring is found to be
performed on an irregular schedule. An increase of
monitoring frequency after an "episode" of non-compliance,
when the plant comes back on-line, may represent an effort to
offset poor performance with compliant results. However, this
increase in the frequency of sampling may also help provide a
complete picture of the quality of the effluent and the
extent of an "episode". In general, though not specified by
many permits, the frequency of sampling and analysis should
be on a regular basis, i.e., a given time during the day and
day of the week.
Documentation as to the laboratory that actually performed
the analysis for the DMR is an important component which
is not routinely included as part of the DMR submission.
Some DMR reporting forms include a block for "laboratory
code", however, such codes have not been developed. The
inspector must verify what laboratory is routinely performing
the DMR ana1vs is and that adequate supporting documentation
is available.
DMR Calculations:
The appendix includes a guidance document from EPA ("NPDES
Self-Monitoring System User Guide"), as well as instruction
summaries from several state authorities in Region III on
completion of the DMR form. As indicated in these documents,
several differences exist in the procedures specified by the
states, e.g., in Virginia, the Weekly Maximum (mass loadings
or concentration) is limited to weeks, which were complete
weeks (Sunday thru Saturday).
The calculations associated with the DMR are presented in
spreadsheet templates in the Appendix of this document. In
addition, the following definitions are common to most NPDES
permits and represent a description of the DMR data, which is
to be verified during DAIs:
Average Monthly Flow (Flow)- the arithmetic mean of daily flow
measurements taken during a calendar month.
-------
31 .
Ii
Average \
Monthly (10° gallons/Day) - 1
Flow n i-1
F^ - daily flow result (10^ gallons/Day)
n - number of measurements during month,
Average Monthly (Concentration)- The arithmetic average of
all the daily determinations of concentration made during a
calendar month-
Average n
Monthly \ (C^)
Cone. (mg/L) - 1 L
n i-1
- conc. of analyte (mg/L)
n - number of measurements during month.
Averaee Weekly (Concentration)- The arithmetic average of all
the daily determination of concentration made during a
calendar week.
Average n
weekly \ (Cj)
Conc. (mg/L) - 1 J_
n i-1
C^ - conc. of analyte (mg/L)
n - number of measurements during week.
The Weekly Average (Concentration) would be recorded as the
maximum Weekly Average (Weekly Maximum) for the weeks of the
month in which monitoring was performed. In Virginia, only
"complete weeks" are considered (Sunday to Saturday) and the
inspector will have to have calendars for the months/years
reviewed to check which weeks are "complete".
Maximum Daily (Concentration) - The largest of the daily
determination of concentration for any calendar day. If the
permit specifies more than one measurement during the day,
this would be the largest value.
Average Monthly (Mass Loading) - the total discharge by weight
during a calendar month divided by the number of days in the
month that the facility was operating. When less than daily
sampling is required by the permit, the (average) monthly mass
discharge are determined by the summation of all the measured
daily discharge by weight divided by the number of days
during the calendar month when the measurements were made.
-------
32.
Average
Monthly
Loading
n
(LBs/Day)
F
_l_
n
\
z.
i-1
-------
33
This type of average minimizes the effect of outliers in the
data (bioassay methods are in general more "noisy" (less
precise) than chemical methods and this type of mean helps to
compensate for this imprecision). The geometric.mean is
calculated as:
Geometric Mean - n
/ XI * X2 * X3 * Xi ...* Xn
or - Antilog ((log XI + Log X2 + Log.X3 + Log Xi...+ Log Xn) /n),
where Xi represents individual fecal coliform results.
These equations for geometric mean do not tolerate zero values
("Os") and the facility should replace zero values with "1" to
get the benefit of low values (the log of "1" is zero).
%. Removal:
A number of permits for permittees on the Delaware River
require a minimum percent removal of pollutants,
e.g., BOD. The % removal is calculated as:
% Removal - [Influent - Effluentl * 100
Influent
The units of all variables in the equation are generally
specified as loadings, Lbs/Day or Kg/Day. This would
compensate for the reality that influent flow does not always
equal effluent flow. The Delaware River Basin Commission
specifies a % reduction, e.g., 87.5 percent as a Monthly
Average (average % reduction for the month).
Number of Exceptions:
The total should be sum of all exceptions during the
reporting period including loading and quality or
concentration limits. If no occurrences of non-compliance
occurred, "0" should be entered. Most states require that
exceptions be counted twice if a single occurrence violates
two different limits (a daily maximum and a Weekly Average
if only one sample is taken per week).
Records ( Waste Disposal Records):
The facility's waste removal records are to be reviewed.
This should included not only records of sludge disposal, but
also, disposal of waste chemicals used in the treatment
process and the disposal of chemicals used in the
self-monitoring analyses. Though not enforceable or required,
-------
34.
pollution prevention measures and associated records are
important Agency goals. The review of such records should
help relay the importance of this initiative to the
permittee.
Records (Pretreatment Records):
Pretreatment records are reviewed in detail during
Pretreatment Compliance Inspections and Pretreatment Audit
Inspections. Such records are not routinely reviewed as part
of a DAI.
Sampling Errors:
Sample Type:
Sampling is as critical to the validity of self-monitoring
data as flow and analytical measurements. Improper sampling
(grab vs. 8-hour composite vs. 24-hour composite) can greatly
affect the results. A grab sample taken in place of a
required composite sample may poorly represent the actual
nature/content of the discharge. Analytes which are
reactive or volatile or biodegradable (with unstable
concentrations over time) may be lost during compositing and
should be as grab samples, e.g., hexavalent chromium is very
reactive and should be collected as a grab samples. Fecal
coliform concentrations can change rapidly due to biological
growth and should be as a grab sample. Cyanide tends to be
lost as a gas unless stored under basic conditions. Oil and
Grease and even semivolatile organic compounds, e.g., PNAs,
tend to adhere to the tubing surfaces of automatic sampling
equipment, resulting in a falsely low concentration in a
composited sample. Multiple grabs, discreetly preserved and
analyzed, can often provide the advantages of a grab sample,
yet be more representative of the actual discharge. The 40
CFR specifies the preservatives and holding times for
analytes, but does not specify the type of samples. Most
analytical methods do not specify the sample type.
The facility must have records to indicate what type of
sampling was performed. Such records must include the date
and time, as well as the operator. For composite samples the
time that the composite was started and completed must be
recorded.
In addition, most permits specify that sampling is to be flow
proportioned, i.e., the greater the flow the greater the
portion of the final composite a given sample aliquot (taken
during the elevated flow) should represent. The effort is to
have the composite sample as representative as possible of
the discharge during the 8 or 24 hour compositing period.
-------
35 .
The facilicy sampling records should indicate whether the
composite sample was collected flow proportioned. A Lotus
spread sheet, which delineates the calculations involved and
calculates volumes of individual sample aliquots needed to
form the final composite sample, has been included in the Appendix.
"Selective Sampling":
Selecting sampling periods to correspond to times (hours or
days) of low loadings on the plant can bias the results. This
is especially true if the loadings to the plant are variable,
e.g., batch industrial process, etc. The times and dates of
sampling should be carefully reviewed to help detect such
activities, e.g., sampling not conducted on a routine schedule.
"Sample Manipulation":
Criminal cases have involved the dilution of the effluent
samples with clean water (tap or laboratory pure water).
This can greatly bias the sample results (lowering the
resultant values). Such "sample alterations" may be
difficult to detect. A review of the facility OMRs may
reveal unusually low results and/or changes in concentration,
e.g., chlorine and suspended solids. This may indicate sample
manipulations. Tap water is generally chlorinated and
laboratory pure water is chlorine free. The effluent may be
routinely chlorinated or not. Suspended Solids are extremely
low for laboratory pure water and most tap water, whereas
wastewater tends to have elevated residues. The analyst's
observations that,samples from a routinely turbid and/or
discolored effluent appear crystal clear on sporadic
occasions mav indicate such activity.
Improper Sample Preservation:
Samples are to be preserved during compositing, during the
transport to the laboratory and during the storage in the
laboratory prior to analysis. In general, samples are to be
preserved during compositing by refrigeration (cool, 4C) .
Analyte specific preservatives (40 CFR) are added immediately
to grab samples and to composite samples immediately
following the compositing period.
Data Errors:
During DAIs, various data related errors may be encountered.
Though criminal intent may be difficult to ascertain, errors,
which are routinely in favor of compliance (lower results),
are very suspect. Errors that occur rarely and which do not
routinely result in lowering self-monitoring data are less
likely to represent willful intent, but may represent
inadvertent error/s. Nonetheless, these errors should be
-------
36 .
"Documentation"
or types", which
re as follows
o data entry (typographical errors),
o transcription errors,
o rounding errors.
o calculation errors.
documented and included in the DAI report (
section of this report). Some example "err
have been encountered during inspections, a
(most are self-explanatory):
When calculation errors and transcription errors are found on
DMRs or analytical data sheets, this should serve as a
convincing object lesson to the facility that routine data
review bv a. second person is essential. This becomes very
apparent to DAI inspectors familiar with the enormous amount
of data involved and therefore the high probability that
errors will occur.
o missing or incomplete data sets or not reporting all analyses,
e.g., results for analyses performed more frequently
than required bv the permit.
failure to record or retain "raw" (fundamental) data.
This results in an inability to verify the analysis or
validate the results, e.g., not including the absorbance
obtained for standards or not retaining all instrument
recordings. This may indicate falsification of self-
monitoring data. One common example of this type of error
is not recording the results for blanks (field, reagent,
digestion, extraction, etc.). Also, apparently because
the process is very repetitive, each analytical result may
not indicate the analyst, nor the date. Most permits do
not specify that the time of analyses must be recorded.
This is necessary to verify holding times. As a rule-of-
thumb, this is most critical if the analyte has a holding
time <. 24 hours. Another very common error is the
omission of units. e.g. , mLs or Liters for volume, grams
or milligrams for weight measurements, or mg/L or ug/L or
colonies per 100 mL for the final analytical value. One
of the most common omissions is the failure to record the
volume of sample used for analyses. This is absolutely
necessary to document the results.
o Data "Cross-outs" (improper data error corrections). An
acceptable procedure for correcting data error is to draw
a single line through the result and write the correct
value next to the erroneous result, (both values are to be
legible). The initials of the analyst and the date are
recorded next to these values and a footnote should be
-------
37
included to explain the error.
o Using pencil. Though NPDES permits do not specify
indelible ink, self-monitoring records should be recorded in
ink to help assure data integrity.
o Significant figure errors (see section on "Special Topics").
o Falsification of results (willful alteration of data). It
is critical under such circumstances to gain as many
examples as possible to document fraudulent activities.
Relevant data records should be photocopied, if at all
possible, and interviews of appropriate facility personnel
should be performed to fully document such data fraud.
Data reports/records may even be photographed and if
photocopying capability is not available at the facility,
arrangements can be made for copying through a local
office support company. All such xeroxed or photographed
records must be dated and signed by the inspector and
facility representative. Such thorough documentation may
prove critically important if the material is used as
evidence in legal actions.
Data generated when equipment is not available and
inconsistencies in the data tecords may represent data
fraud. The term "dry lab " refers to the fabrication of
analytical results, when measurements are actually not
conducted. Inconsistencies in data records (bench sheets
not matching data summaries ("tally sheets") or DMRs may
similarly represent data misconduct/fraud. Calibration
standards can be prepared incorrectly (too high), which
will result in low sample- results. The date of sampling
and/or analysis may be altered, to appear that allowable
holding times (prior to analysis) were met (this
fraudulent procedure has been termed "time travel". DMR
summary sheets, which do not match laboratory bench
sheets, indicate potential criminal offenses. As
discussed in the introduction of this" section, any of
these findings could indicate willful misconduct. The
Permits Enforcement Branch of the Water Management
Division should be contacted immediately for guidance.
o "Logic Errors". The calculations may be correct, but
inconsistent with permit requirements. For example, using
average monthly flow and average monthly concentration to
determine average monthly loadings. The flow for a given
day, times the concentration for that day times a
conversion factor must be used to generate the loadings
for that day (see "DMR Data" section). The average of
such daily loadings are used to determine the average
monthly loadings. Logic errors can also occur in
computer/calculator programs, e.g., no data interpreted as
-------
38 .
a "0" result in the calculation of monthly averages, can
greatly lower the results.
o Pre-printed column headings in logbooks and data records
are often erroneous. Frequently, procedures are changed
or the logbooks are used for a new test and the pre-
printed information is not updated.
Given the limited guidance with regard to DMR completion and
other data related issue on NPDES permits, iJt jLj. important
that the inspectors provide direction for improvement of the
fac ilitv f s data handling procedures.
Data Storage:
NPDES permits in general offer little guidance on data
storage, except that data is to be stored as hardcopy for 3.
years. Perhaps the easiest way to verify that data is stored
for 3 years is to reouest the facility to produce data for a.
given month three years in the past. The greatest problem
with such a retrieval has been that frequently data this old
is stored off-site. Given that additional time may be
needed, this data retrieval should be initiated early in the
inspection (opening conference).
Unless data is stored in some organized and orderly fashion,
e.g., chronological order by client or facility, it is of
little value. The facility's inability to locate data during
a DAI serves as a convincing object lesson that the data
storage system needs improvement. Similarly, missing loose
pages (analytical data sheet, etc.) usually is a convincing
lesson for the facility to consider other options, such as
bound data books, with numbered page's. One consideration, in
terms of record books, is individual analyst's logs vs. data
books per analvte. When there are a number of analysts
performing the same analyses (same analytes), record books
each dedicated to a specific analyte often prove the most
useful. Another consideration is the use of pre-printed
lops. Regardless of the size of the facility, a fill-in-
the-blank approach to data recording has proven beneficial.
The blanks serve as reminders to the analysts of needed
data.
A separate notebook may be needed for observations/thoughts/
ideas ("chemist's journal").
It should be emphasized to the facility that the trans fer o f
data between records should be minimized. since each time
it is transferred there is a good chance of errors occurring.
Especially if transcription errors are detected during a
DAI, it is an appropriate time to suggest automation. e.g.,
PCs and even Laboratory Information Systems (LIMS), to help
-------
39 .
avoid such data errors. These systems are generally more cost
effective for large complex laboratories.
Records fData Security and Backup^:
[These are additional topics generally not addressed by
NPDES permits, for which missinp data. revealed during the
DAI. mav heln convince the facility of the necessity for
taking precautions.]
It is important that access to the data be limited. Given
the liabilities involved and possible consequences, the
facility may want to consider storing self-monitoring data
under lock-and - key.
In terms of electronic storage of NPDES data, the guidance
from the Office of Water (HQ) is that electronic data is to
be "downloaded11 to hardcopy for storage. Electronic storage
may be maintained as a backup, i.e., only hard copy is
considered a valid media for NPDES self-monitoring data
s torage.
Records fSpecial TopI cs /Problems V- ¦ Selective Data Reporting') :
When analyses are performed more frequently than required by
the NPDES permit, the results of all analyses are to be
reported. Host NPDES permits are clear on this topic. The
requirement for reporting all values or for including all
results in data summary statistics (averages, maximum,
minimum, etc.) is included in most permits. Permittees must
not "shop" for results. If data is omitted, such "sins of
omission" are just as prosecutable.as if the violators had
falsified the results. Justifications for discarding data,
e.g., based on the defendant's experience it was
"non-representative", have not held up in legal actions.
There are several situations that have proven especially
confusing to permittees involving methods, which specify that
analyses are to be conducted employing multiple dilutions.
e.g., BOD and fecal coliform analyses. These result in
several answers for the same analyte and sample. Selection
of analytical results from the various dilutions in a biased
fashion, i.e., selecting the lowest value/s, may be
interpreted as data misconduct. The selection of dilutions
should be checked carefully by the DAI inspector. The BOD
and fecal coliform analyses specify that multiple dilutions
are to be analyzed. The necessity for this requirement is
that che proper dilution will not be known until after the
fact-- after the incubation period and the results are known.
After incubation (24 hours for fecal coliform via
membrane filtration and five days for BOD), it is too late to
re-analyze at a different dilution to help avoid this problem.
Multiple dilutions are required for such analyses
-------
40.
to help assure chat at least one will result In the nose
optimum range (optimum in terms of the test range for Che
analytical procedure itself). For BOD, acceptable dilations
are defined as those that have an initial DO of 7-9, result in
a DO depletion of at least 2 mg/L after five days, yet still
have a residual DO of at least 1 mg/L. For fecal coliform,
acceptable dilutions are those which give 20-60 colonies/100
mL. For both BOD and fecal coliform. the results for all
acceptable dilutions must be averaged.
Some of the most common data errors related to these
tests include:
1. Not analyzing multiple dilutions. As a result, the
likelihood of achieving reliable results will be hit-or-
miss .
2. No dilution falls into the "acceptable" criteria. If no
results meet the criteria for acceptable results ("2 plus 1
rule" criteria), it is suggested that the dilution closest to
meeting the criteria should be used to calculate the result
and the data flagged" on the analytical bench sheets and the
associated DMR. i.e., footnotes should be included. which
indicates the specific problem and what corrective actions
have been taken by the facilitv to as sure that this problem
will no t re - occur. (increasing the number of dilutions
routinely analyzed, etc.).
If the facility is having problems selecting what dilutions
to analyze, this often indicates erratic analyte
concentrations in the effluent. The state author i tv inus t be
informed so that corrective action/s may be implemented as
soon as possible. Failure of the facility management to
inform the authority of such difficulties may constitute a
prosecutable violation (see the-section on "greater-than-
values".
3. Selecting results to report from the various dilutions
based on internal rules or in an arbitrary fashion (not
following the analytical method). Both the BOD and fecal
coliform procedures specify how the judgement is to be made
(detailed above). These procedures must be followed as
outlined in the method or enforcement action may be the
consequence.
4. Not considering all valid results as required by the
analytical methods and the NPDES permit. tfhen more than one
dilution meets the acceptance criteria, then all such results
must be averaged.
Another problem which may be encountered with BOD is a "Tox ic
Affect". If the oxygen depletion is found to increase with
-------
41.
increased dilution (the opposite from what is expected), this
suggests that something in the sample is inhibiting
biological activity (toxic material?). If this is
significant (affects the reported results) and especially if
it affects the compliance status of the facility and occurs
routinely, then biota ("seed") must be used which are
"acclimated" to the effluent. The facility can prepare their
own acclimated seed or use down stream river water. The
pattern of depletion (BOD bench sheets) should be reviewed
carefully to determine If this problem is occurring.
Records (Special Tonics/Problems - - Problem-Data/Flapging Data)
There are some special data issues involving greater-than-
values (exceed calibration range, e.g., TNTO. less - than -
values (below calibration range),, and situations when oua litx
control checks (QC) results are statistically "not
acceptable". These situations may necessitate "flagging" DMR
data (indicating what went wrong and what actions have been
taken to assure that these problems won't occur again).
"Voiding" data (elimination of results) due to less-than or
greater - than, e.g., TNTC or poor QC (method performance) is
not permitted. "Voiding" data may result in enforcement
action bx the Agency. If such activities are occurring, the
inspector should document the occurrences and report the
information immediately to the Permits Enforcement Branch of
the Water Management Division.
Records (Special Topics/Problems-- Greater-Than-Values
Greater-than-Values may greatly bias self-monitoring data low,
relative to the actual content of the effluent. In general a
dilution that results in useable analytical data when the
plant is operating well, may not work when the plant is
having difficulty. When the latter case occurs the data is
most critical and yet the poor quality of the effluent may
exceed the concentration range of the dilutions analyzed.
Such situations can only be reliably avoided by analyzing
several dilutions selected to provide a wide range of
applicability. For most analvtes greater-than results are
avo ided by immediately re -analvs is of another sample aliquot
at a. greater dilution. e.g., NH3-N, N03-N, COD, Total
Phenolics, metals, etc. However, for analvtes which take
longer to analyze than the allowable ho 1 din*g time (BOD, fecal
coliform) ox for analvtes with preparative steps (extractable
organics) resulting in "extracts" with holding times longer
than sample holding time (40 days versus 7 days
respectively), difficulties arise. Re-analysis is not
generally possible, within the holding time limits. These
situations can only be avoided by analyzing numerous multiple
dilutions selected to cover a wide concentration range and
performing analyses without delay.
-------
Ul.
THE GREATER-THAU-VALUE MUST REFLECT THE LEVEL OF DILUTION
THAT WAS PERFORMED. If 100, 10.0 and 1.0 mL of sample were
analyzed for fecal coliform analysis and TNTC (To-Numerous-To -
Count, defined as "uncountable membranes" by the EPA
Microbiological Methods Manual(EPA-600/8-78 - 017)) were
obtained for all sample volumes filtered, the laboratory
should estimate the result as >(60*100 per 100 mL) or
>6000/100 ML (# colonies observed/smallest volume (mLs)
analyzed). 60 colonies per filter is defined as the upper
limit for best results. If there were more than 60
colonies, but the filters werfe "countable" (colonies still
distinct and well shaped) the result is to be estimated as
>(# of colonies counted/volume of the smallest volume (mLs)
analyzed *100). The dilution factor in the calculations would
reflects the highest dilution analyzed (least volume of sample).
The bottom line: indicating "TNTC" does not constitute a
result, but "TNTC" must be replaced with a estimate of the
result, which must reflect the dilution level that was
analyzed. This result conveys additional information (>6000
colonies/100 mL is more informative than "TNTC").
For DMR purposes the value 6000/100 mL would be used in the
geometric average and the DMR data should include a footnote,
which indicates that the reported result included greater-than
values (this conveys the "estimate" nature of the result).
Also the facility should indicate what steps they have taken
to assure that "> results" are avoided. For fecal coliform,
this must include the routine analysis of 3 different
dilutions, which give a wide range of sensitivity. For BODs,
if the samples go anaerobic (< 1.0 mg/L of dissolved oxygen
remains after five days of incubation), then a greater-than-
result must be indicated. If 3 mLs of sample was diluted to
300 mLs, the initial D.O. was 8.0 mg/L and the seed
correction was 0.7 the result would be reported as > ((8.0-
0.7)*100) or > 730 mg/L BOD. The 730 value would be included
in the DMR calculations, and the DMR result would be
footnoted indicating that the actual result may be higher due
to a "greater-than-result". If greater - than-values are
routinely reported, greater dilutions must be regularly
analyzed.
GREATER-THAN-VALUES MUST £JL AVPJDEP IE NPDES reporting.
If the facility is having on-poing "dilution selection"
problems resulting in greater - than-values, the state
authority must be informed in writing so that corrective
action may be implemented as soon as possible. Failure of
the facility management to inform the authority may
constitute a potential criminal offense.
-------
A3 .
Records (Special Topics/Problems- Less - than-values and MDL
Is sues > :
A problem occurring with increasing frequency and importance
in the NPDES program is that the 40 CFR Part 136 analytical
methods are often not sensitive enough. Less-than values
should be reported by the laboratory for results obtained,
which are below the concentration level of the lowest
calibration standard. The value recorded should be recorded
as "<" followed by the concentration of the lowest
calibration standard. This is necessary, since the
instrument response has not been calibrated at such low
concentrations.
The HDL is the Method Detection Limit and is defined by the
40 CFR Part 136 as "the minimum concentration of a substance
that can be measured and reported with 99% confidence that
the analyte concentration is greater than zero and is
determined from analysis of a sample in a given matrix
containing the analyte". The lowest calibration standard
must be greater than the MDL. so that the low standard has
meaning and the facility is not being overlv optimistic about
the detection limit.
The less-than-result must be calculated from the most
concentrated dilution analyzed (greatest volume of sample).
For example-if 1.0, 10.0 and 100 mLs of sample was filtered
for fecal coliform via MF, and no colonies were observed (0),
then the laboratory would report < 1/100 per 100 mL or <
1 per 100 mLs of sample as per the EPA Microbiological Manual
{EPA-600/8 - 78 - 017). If colonies were detected, but at less
than 20 for the largest sample volume filter (in this example
100), then the result would be estimated as <(#colonies
counted/lOOmLs * 100). 20 is defined as the minimum number
of colonies on a filter necessary to obtain the best results.
One approach suggested for DMR reporting, is that, the less-
than-values (numerical values) should be reported without the
. THIS APPROACH (DMR) GIVES THE FACILITY INCENTIVE TO USE
THE MOST SENSITIVE PROCEDURES), since the permittee will
generally want the benefit of low results to help balance
high values that may occur during the reporting period.
The inspector should be aware that two EPA Headquarters
Work group s are working on the issue of regulation at or near
detection limits (Office of Ground Water and Drinking Water
and the Office of Water Enforcement Division). In addition,
states are developing policies on this critical issue e.g.,
Pennsylvania. One approach that has been suggested is to
interpret "< values" as zeros for DMR reporting purposes, i.e.,
<0.9 where 0.9 was the lowest calibration standard, greater
then the MDL, becomes 0.0. This proposal has not been
-------
44 .
adopted as of the release of this DAI summary and many have
voiced concern that such an approach does not give the
permittees incentive to use the most sensitive techniques and,
in addition, that such a scenario falsely lowers the reported DMR
results. Another suggested approach is to replace the n
-------
45 .
The procedures, principles and calculations associated with
these techniques have been discussed previously (CRL's
"Determination of Analytical Accuracy" and "Determination of
"Analytical Precision") and are outlined in various QC
manuals (EPA's "Handbook for Analytical Quality Control in
Water and Wastewater Laboratories"). The essays from CRL have
been included in the Appendix.
In general, if QC checks determine that the self-monitoring
data is statistically "unacceptable", this necessitates the
immediate re-analysis of the samples, assuming that the
samples are still within holding times and properly
preserved. If the results of the first analyses are
carefully recorded, and the associated QC (bad results) fully
documented, then the second (re-analysis) results should be
be used, (assuming the QC is now "acceptable"). Finally, if
the QC problem will not go away, or the sample cannot be re-
analyzed within the required holding time, then the initial
"unacceptable" analytical result is to be reported and the
result "flagged" on the DMR report. This should include an
explanation of the problem and attempted corrective measures.
If this "bad QC" problem reoccurs, the state authority must
be notified in writing.
The DAI inspector should review the QC data and verify that
the sample data is properly flagged or re-analyzed as
indicated by the data records.
The Virginia DGQ list the following criteria for rejection
of data for Quality control reasons:
1. The facility must have an established/on-going "QC program".
2. The data to be rejected must be "out - of - control", e.g.,
results beyond established and documented QC limits.
3. Sufficient sample must be available for additional analyses.
4. The remaining sample must have been properly preserved
and the re-analysis must be within the 40 CFR specified
maximum holding times.
5. The "analytical episode" must be fully documented,
including the corrective measures taken to assure that
the problem would not routinely re-occur.
6. The affected data must be flagged on the DMR, with a note
explaining what had occurred.
Records (Special Tonics/Problems-- Sample Acceptance Policy):
Samples that arrive at the laboratory without proper 40 CFR
-------
46.
Fart 136 specified preservation, containers, exceed maximum
allowable holding times, poorly or improperly labeled or lack
necessary chain of custody records (date, time of sampling
and the samplers names) should be rejected they can be re-
sampled and properly preserved, etc. The analytical results
associated with the re-sampling are to be "flagged" on the
DMR. The "flag" should indicate why the poor sampling
procedures occurred and the corrective action that the
facility will take in the future to assure this will not
reoccur.
If the facility is having on-going sampling problems and
samples are being rejected and re-sampling is necessary
(obviously a situation open to abuse and mis-conduct), the
state authority must be informed in writing, so that
corrective action may be implemented as soon as possible.
Failure of the facility management to inform the authority
may constitute a potential criminal offense. The DAI inspector
must verify, that such occurrences are well documented and
that the state authority is properly notified (clear "flags"
with the DMR data).
Records (Special Tonics/Problems-- Continuous Moni tors
and Minimum/Maximum Permit Limits):
Continuous monitoring is frequently specified on NPDES
permits, (by name or by a reference such as, "monitored at all
times" for temperature, pH, DO, etc). One difficulty with
the data resulting from such continuous measurement devices
is the question of what constitutes a data point. Each hour
of a continuous output should be considered a discrete event.
For all continuous requirements, each hour in which the permit
is exceeded for any period of time (minutes), should be
considered an excursion.
Another problem occurs if permittees average continuous - type
data for reporting of minimum and maximum limit parameters,
e.g., pH, DO, etc. Each of the results (average for each
hour-discrete event) is to be considered for minimum and
maximum. In addition, calibration records for such
continuous devices are often not retained or poorly labeled.
Records fSpecial Tonics/ Problems-- Commercial Laboratory^:
Commercial laboratories present special difficulties with
regard to DAIs, including complexity of record review and
special logistics considerations. OFF-SITE LABORATORIES
SHOULD BE INSPECTED, IF AT ALL POSSIBLE AS PART OF A DAI.
In terms of the facility's self-monitoring program, significant
amounts of coordination/communication must occur between the
-------
47.
facility and the commercial laboratory. The following
information should be exchanged between the facility and the
commercial laboratory and be retained on file by the
permittee: analytical methods used (including.specific EPA or
Standard. Method number); records that provide documentation
of the calibration of the analytical instruments (calibration
standard results); results for blanks; date of analysis; time
of analyses, (if the holding time for the analyte is less
than or equal to 24 hours); holding time relatiye to the 40
CFR Part 136 requirements; results of preservation checks;
chain - of-custody records; results of QC checks and any
related analytical difficulties, e.g., matrix effects
(interferences). Most of these requirements are delineated in
the NPDES permit and 40 CFR Fart 136 referenced methods.
The inspector should'carry copies of the laboratory reports
received by the facility from the commercial laboratory to
aid in the validation of the reported data. The commercial
laboratory's records should be verified from the raw data to
the final report/letter sent to the facility, including chain-
of-custody records. In addition, many companies also collect
the facility's samples. Such a division of labor requires a
review of all sampling and preservation records.
The facility must specify to the commercial laboratory that
this analytical work is for the NPDES program and that 40 CFR
Part 136 regulations apply including the data record
requirements. (all data necessary to reconstruct the analysis
retained for 3 years). In addition, if facility personnel
are performing the sampling/preservation, the permittee must
provide the commercial laboratory with the time and date of
sampling and the preservatives added (what and how much).
Some states require that the name and address of the
commercial laboratory be retained on file. The Compliance
Inspection Manual, p. 2-51,. indicates, that the commercial lab
records should be maintained by the facility as per the
permit. This needs to be clarified and clearly defined in
NPDES permits.
The inspectors should emphasize to the permittee that they
are ultimately responsible for the "truth, accuracy and
completeness" of the self-monitoring and therefore THE
PERMITTEE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DATA/DATA QUALITY FROM THE
COMMERCIAL LABORATORY.
Records (Special Topics/Problems-- Computers in NPDES
Laboratories):
Computers (PCs, etc.) are becoming widely used in NPDES
facilities. Oddly enough, DMR calculations and related
compilations are often not performed using these powerful
tools. The inspectors should encourage their use to help
-------
48 .
diminish errors with manual calculations. However, computer
files can be manipulated and algorithms (programs) can
contain logic errors (errors which occur only under certain
circumstances) and computational errors (errors which
routinely results in erroneous results). ASCII files and
"print files" (essentially stored as "english") are easily
manipulated with word processor software. If PCs are
utilized, the inspectors should verify that the computer
programs are correctly performing the calculations and other
data related functions. This can be achieved by performing a
sampling of the calculations manually or with other
independent computer programs. In addition, unless the
programs are proprietary, the inspectors should obtain copies
of such programs for additional review.
The Agency has recently proposed guidance entitled "Good
Automated Laboratory Practices [DRAFT]" GALP, which discusses
backup, security, and other items suggested to further help
insure data quality and data integrity. As previously
mentioned, the guidance from the Office of Hater, Enforcement
and Permits Section, is that hardcopy printouts of the data
must be stored. An electronic data base may be used as a
backup for such hardcopy.
Data bases containing the facility results should include
the results of all QC checks (blanks, etc.). In this way
not only is the measures of the quality of the data available
for the end user of the data, but also problematic data can
be pinpointed in the future. Data bases such as PCS, and
Storet, could easily have the same problems as the USGS data
base (recently found to have problems with blanks for metals),
since the QC data is not maintained in the data base (QC data
should be readily associated with specific sample results).
Records (Special Topics/Problems-- Blanks and
Correction for blanks^•
Most analytical procedures require that a blank be analyzed.
Numerous types of blanks may be prepared: trip blanks
(laboratory pure water carried to the site and returned
unopened); field blanks (laboratory pure water carried to the
site and exposed to the environment and returned to the
laboratory); equipment blanks (lab pure water exposed to
sampling equipment); reagent blanks; digestion blanks;
extraction blanks; and instrument blanks, etc. DATA FOR
BLANKS SHOULD BE REVIEWED TO ASSURE THAT THE CONCENTRATION
LEVEL MEASURED FOR ALL BLANKS IS SIGNIFICANTLY LESS THAN THE
QUANTITATION"LEVEL (LOWEST CONCENTRATION REPORTED, WHICH
SHOULD EQUAL THE CONCENTRATION OF THE LOWEST CALIBRATION
STANDARD). A good rule - of - thumb is to assure that the blanks
are less than or equal to l/10th of the sample levels or
quantitation level, whichever is greater. The USGS has recently
-------
49 .
reported that their data has been tainted by the lack of
routine equipment/ field blanks and elevated blank results.
In terms of data, one important issue is the correction of
sample results for blanks. The bottom line for applying a
blank correction is that, such a correction should only be
applied if the calculation section of the 40 CFR referenced
analytical method illustrates such a correction, e.g., oil
and grease.
Frequently analytical methods indicate an acceptable level
for the blank. A good rule-of-thumb is that a blank should
not exceed 10% of the lowest calibration standard. The
approach that should be taken by the permittee when "bad
blanks" or "excessive blanks" occur (as defined by the 10%
rule) should be that described in the previous section for
problem data. Namely, that the associated data is reported,
but "flagged" on the DMR. In addition, the state authority
is notified in written if the problems with blanks reoccurs.
Records (Special Tonics/Problems-- Labeling Systems)
The inspector should review the labeling system/s in place for
analyses. This review should emphasize certain analyses,
which involve numerous changes in containers, e.g., organic
analytes, metals, TP, TKN-N, NH3-N, cyanide, phenol. For
most analyses the sample is placed in a container when
collected and is transferred to a second container to perform
the analysis. Such a transfer requires careful container
labeling or the analytical activity becomes a "shell pame".
with the identity of samples and associated analytical
results a matter of chance. More complicated analyses
involving sample preparations (digestions, extractions,
cleanup steps, etc.) involve numerous additional transfers.
As an example, the analysis for "extractable organic
compounds" involve the following transfers in the laboratory:
1. From the sample container to a separatory funnel.
2. From the separatory funnel to a centrifuge tube to
break emulsions.
3. From the centrifuge tube to a "K-D" apparatus (used to
concentrate the extract).
4. From the "K-D" apparatus to SPE collection flask
("clean-up" of extract).
5. From the collection flask to a second "K-D" apparatus.
6. From the "K-D" apparatus to a septa vial (for storage
of the extract).
-------
50.
5 From the septa vial to an autosampler vial (for injection
of the sample on a gas chromatograph).
Similar transfers occur in the analytical procedures for
inorganic analyses.
In addition to the transfers and associated labels, the
inspector should review "analvsis run order lists/loEs".
These are records of the order in which analyses are
performed. Besides the obvious necessity for such lists to
associate analytical results with the .proper sample, the
order in which samples are analyzed may affect analytical
results, e.g., when samples which contain very little, of an
analyte are analyzed directly after samples with very high
concentrations "carryover'1 can occur on many analytical
systems. This contamination can be avoided by re-analyzing
low level samples which are preceded by high level samples
at the end of the analytical sessions.
Without a system for careful labeling of containers
(sample, etc.) and records of "run order", data integrity
cannot be assured. In large laboratories, with many samples,
often from many locations, the importance of such records
is greatly amplified.
Records (Special Topics/Problems--Faci1itv Training Records) :
Training of facility personnel is critical to reliable
sampling and analysis (field and laboratory). This
should be stressed to the facility management, who should
be encouraged to develop training programs. Formal courses
and professional meetings should be provided or attended
to assure the development and maintenance of skills
required for self-monitoring. Records should be maintained
of the training courses taken by each of the facility
personnel.
Records f Special Topics/Problems-- THE BOTTOM LINE ON DATA
REPORTING:
The overriding principle outlined in this document,
that the DAI inspector should convey to the permittee, is
that self-monitoring data is to be reported without bias.
The goal in the detailed procedures outlined in the "Records
Special Topics/Problems" sections of this document is to
eliminate opportunities for shopping for values, while
minimizing bad data and giving the facility incentive to do
the best possible job. The safeguard in this effort is to
assure that the state authority is warned of data related
problems, both on the DMR (with each occurrence) and in
-------
51.
separate letters from the facility if on-going problems
persist.
Note: A general observation with regard to data review is
that the further back (to "raw" or "instrument" data)
the review is conducted (through all levels of data
processing) the more difficult it is to falsify the
records and have this activity go undetected. This
holds for data processed with or without computers.
IN ALL OF THE "SPECIAL TOPICS/PROBLEMS" SECTIONS OF THIS
DOCUMENT THE EFFORT IS.TO ASSURE THE QUALITY OF THE NPDES
SELF-MONITORING, AVOID OCCURRENCES WHICH WOULD RESULT IN POOR
DATA--SUBMIT THE RESULTS MOST CLOSELY MEETING QC REQUIREMENTS,
ETC. AND FLAG THE ASSOCIATED DMR DATA WITH AN EXPLANATION
OF THE PROBLEM AND THE CORRECTIVE ACTION TAKEN TO HELP ASSURE
THAT THE PROBLEM WILL NOT ROUTINELY RE-OCCUR.
THE EFFORT IS TO ASSURE THAT THE BEST DATA POSSIBLE IS PROVIDED
TO THE STATE AUTHORITY AND EPA.
Records (Data Review Checklistl:
NPDES permits specify that certain records are to be
maintained. Suggestions for additional data related items to
be included in permits have been included in a section
("NPDES Permits.(Data Topic Suggestions") of this document.
The 40 CFR Part 136 specifies little with regard to the
specific records to be maintained or how they are to be
organized and stored.
The various record types to be reviewed during DAI have been
listed in the following checklist, grouped into "required"
(permit, method or CFR specified) and "suggested". A good
rule - of-thumb for the inspection of a given NPDES facility is
to include page references to the permit/methods/CFR for
items cited as deficiencies. The DAI inspectors should
verify that the required records are maintained for three
years and are "true, accurate and complete":
[WHERE POSSIBLE ENCOURAGE THE USE OF BOUND BOOKS WITH NUMBERED PAGESl
Main- True/ Complete
I. RECORDS REQUIRED BY MOST NPDES PERMITS tained Accurate
("True", "Complete" defined on page 1) | | |
All required records retained > 3 years J | |
Computer storage output as hardcopy J 1 |
"Backups" made of electronic storage J | |
Filing svstem organized and clearly labeled J I I
File log for computer files J I |
File log for hardcopy files J 1 1
-------
52 .
I. REQUIRED BY MOST NPDES PERMITS fCont.)
Kain-
tained
True/ Complete
Accurate
Sampling:
Date, tines and location
Methods and techniques
Name of sampler/s
Continuous Instrument recordings (flow, DO).
Record of preservatives(what, how much, etc.
"field Analyses":(conducted at sampling site)
--including flow measurements)
Date, times and location of analysis
Methods and techniques
Instrument calibration record
Results of analyses
Name of analyst/s
Calculations (method specified)
Sample Chain of Custody: name of sampler;
Name of "transporters" and date/time;
Any additional personnel;
Name of receiving Lab personnel;
Date; time of receipt in lab.
Analysis :
Correspondence for Conunerc ial Lab/s
Address, phone number, contact,
Analytical methods used (40 CFR Part 136)
Results f^r blanks, analytical results,
Date of analysis, time of analysis,
Analyst's initials, preservative verif,
Checks, results of QC checks).
Faci1itv/Commercial Lab/s
Instrument stability records
(oven temperatures, incubator temps,
-interpreted as "instrument cal. records")
Preservative verification checks
DMROA records:
Central file of raw data & correspondence
"Method Validation" ("Initial Demonstration
of Capability", e.g. 600 series methods),
Analytical Results:
All raw data to reconstruct results:
Bench Sheets, instrument recordings,
Instrument printouts,
Analyst's name, time, date,
Calibration results
Standards, absorbances/mls of titrant
Date, time, analyst
Records of stock and working stds. prep.,
(date, analysts, all data with units) .
Analytical Methods use (ref. avail.)
"Correction for" blanks as per method
Calculations (clearly labeled )
-------
53
REQUIRED BY MOST NPDES PERMITS(Gout.)
Main- True/ Complete
tained Accurate
Analytical Results (Cont.)
Cross checked by a second analyst
Method detection limits reeds.(required
if facility applied for "alt. MDL").
Laboratory Control System:
Instrument run logs
Sample and reagents clearly labeled
All intermediate containers labeled
Formal PC records (required by some permits,
& Agency Methods)
Thermometer cal. records,
Class nSn records (balance)
Laboratory pure water checks
Accuracy records
Precision records
Discharge Monitoring Report Records:
Monthly summary of analytical results
(field and laboratory DMRs retained)
"Tally Sheets"
Calculations (clearly labeled):
Average Monthly Flow
Average Monthly (Cone.)
Average Weekly (Cone.)
Maximum Daily (Cone.)
Average Monthly (Mass Loading)
Average Weekly (Mass Loading)
Maximum Daily (Mass Loading)
Instantaneous Maximum (Concentration)
Min./Max selection based on all data
Geometric Mean/Average
Exceptions
% Removal Calculations
All analytical results used
Flags employed to qualify data (QC,
"less - than", "greater-than", TNTC, etc.)
11 . Other Records:
Main-
tained
True/
Accura
Comple te
Other facility records may be.reviewed,
but are not routinely emphasized, during
a DAI (though included as part of the
3560-3 form). These include:
Facility Operating Records
Daily operations logs,
(treatment chemicals used, weather cond.
equipment maintenance)
Treatment Plant Records (Plant Operations
and Maintenance (O&M))
Percentage Removal Records
-------
54
III. RECORDS NOT REQUIRED BY MOST NPDES
PERMITS-- SUGGESTED:
Main- True/ Complete
tainedI Accurate
Plant Design Records
Equipment Supplier Records
Construction Specifications Records
Pretreatment Records (Industrial User
Discharge Listing)
Compliance Status Reports
Spill Prevention Control and Counter
Measures Plan (SPCC)
Best Management Practices
(treatment, maintenance, good
house keeping practices)
Construction Schedules (contracts,
equipment orders)
Accuracy of Permit Compliance System info..
Accuracy of the Permit
Fac i1i tv:
Training Records (analyst/operator,
date, course title)
Waste disposal records: (sludge, treatment
chemicals, laboratory chemical/wastes)
Note these records may be required under
RCRA regulations.
Sampling:
Sample Container washing record
Analysis:
Record of holding times (compiled listing
including 40 CFR requirements)
Method Performance Checks
Instrument Stability records (records
of drying ovens, incubators, etc.)
Maintenance logs for analytical equipment
Method detection limits records (not req.
if not specified by permit and no
"alternate MDL" application)
Method sensitivity records
Formal QC Records (if not specified by
permit)
Check standards records
Quarterly QC samples
Precision analyses (Duplicates)
Accuracy analyses ("Spikes")
Inspection "Exit Meeting", Inspection Documentation and Inspection
Report:
Exit Meeting:
Upon completion of the DAI, the inspectors should discuss the
-------
55 .
deficiencies in the self-monitoring program at the "exit de-
briefing" or "closing conference" with facility staff/managers.
This meeting should serve to review the deficiencies and
confirm observations. Substantiation of each violation
should be as complete as possible. If communications have
been successful during the inspection, there should not be
many "surprises". During this meeting, emphasis should be
placed on corrective actions necessary to fix the self-
monitoring problems. In addition, the inspectors should
explain the follow-up activities/ report/s, as well as the
target time-line for mailing of these reports.
If more than one inspector is involved, the inspectors may
want to meet briefly before the exit debriefing to discuss
findings and exchange observations and questions, etc.
Circling the deficiencies and indicating the "recommended"
items entered in the bound inspector's logs, prior to
debriefing the facility, can help assure a smooth profession
exit presentation. The facility should be encourage to begin
correction of the deficiencies in self-monitoring (record
keeping, etc.) as soon as possible (the facility should not
wait for the inspection report, to begin corrective actions).
Delineation of potentially criminal deficiencies (data fraud,
etc.) should be reserved for legal council (Regional Council,
etc.) and not expressed during the exit debriefing. Careful
documentation of such occurrences is critical.
Inspection Documentation:
The DA.I inspector should follow the same good record keeping
practices as required of permittees, including the concept
that "if it isn't written down, then it didn't happen". The
inspectors should take careful notes, which are clear and well
organized.
The following information should be recorded in indelible ink
and these records maintained: bound notebooks to record
observations (including dates and inspector's signature) and
interviews, (including the names and titles of all personnel
interviewed); photocopying copies of important records, e.g.,
laboratory "bench sheets", "data tally sheets", and DMRs;
photographs may be taken to further document the inspections;
the DMR summaries and corresponding "monthly tally sheets",
which were reviewed during this inspection, Additional
documentation including: photographs; video tapes; records of
all documents collected from the facility taped interviews
(audio/video) may be necessary if serious errors, misconduct
and/or fraud are revealed during these inspections. The
inspector should file the information and associated reports
-------
56 .
in a well organized fashion so that it can be easily found
(filed by permit number or facility name).
Inspection Reports:
The report should be objective, with a goal to providing a
clear, accurate depiction of the inspection and findings.
The report should be as concise as possible, while still
presenting all of the relevant facts (complete). Hearsay
should be avoided and the reports should include only facts
which the inspectors can substantiate. A separate memo to
Water management Enforcement or Regional Council is a
better vehicle to express opinions, judgements, etc.
The inspection report should be competed as quickly as
possible after the inspections, while the inspection is still
fresh in the inspectors' memories and so that the facility
will be in receipt of the report and can begin correcting the
deficiencies as soon as possible.
The inspection products (reports, forms to be completed,
etc.) include the following:
o To facility and Vater Enforcement (WMD) and the State Authority
- Deficiency Notice. A listing of deficiencies in self-
monitoring. It should be explained that response to
the Deficiency Notice, as to the corrective actions
take to each item, is the responsibility of the
facility (to be returned within 45 calendar days of
receipt).
- narrative report describing the inspection and findings.
- completed form 3560-3.
o To Vater Enforcement (WMD)
- If the inspectors find indications or proof of data
misconduct or fraud, a memo is to be written, which
includes a listing of the opinions and observations of
the inspectors as to the extent and seriousness of the
deficiencies and recommended course of action.
- Review of PCS versus the permit, with a carbon copy to
the the .Regional PCS Coordinator.
In the inspection reports and Deficiency Notices associated
with DAls it is important to distinguish items which are
required versus items that are not include in the 40 CFR Part
136 regulations. the permit, or referenced methods
(suggestions). A good general "rule of thumb" is to include
a reference for each required item, e.g., page in permit,
-------
57.
40 CFR Part 136 and/or from the analytical methods. In
general, other "unreferenced" items should be listed as
suggestions, but the inspectors have the option to use their
profession judgement. These latter items will not have
references and should key to Water Management (Permits
Enforcement) that they represent the opinion of the
inspector/s. THE PERMITTEE MtlST RESPOND TO THE DEFICIENCY
NOTICE AS TO THE CORRECTION ACTIONS TAKEN.
Follow-up can also involve re - inspection by EPA or state
authority as well as criminal investigations.
An example DAI report has been included in the Appendix.
Intensive Criminal Investigation
An "intensive investigation" refers to a DAI in which
criminal prosecution is planned (pending the outcome of the
inspection) and more detailed documentation is necessary.
Often such an inspection would occur when existing evidence
strongly suggests data mis-management or fraud and physical
evidence to complete the case is to be gathered. In general,
the procedures employed in s.uch an inspection would be the
same as for routine DAIs, except the inspection would be
conducted in a more "formal mode". For example, the
inspectors may be accompanied by Federal Marshalls or FBI
Agents. This may include presentation of "Search and
Seizure" warrants to allow the collection of all related
documents/records.
Because of the critical nature of these inspections, careful
planning and coordination are essential. An initial planning
meeting among inspectors, agents (all inspection
participants) should be held to: allow careful planning of
the inspection including materials to be carried
(credentials, cameras, tape recorders, PCs); establish the
division of labor (responsibilities); distribute all
background information on the facility; confirm the
objectives and focus of the investigation; and outline the
information gathering procedures. This should include
consensus of how and if the facility should be notified and
what information concerning the investigation should be
conveyed. Many feel that such intensive DAIs should be
totally unannounced. Unannounced inspections have pros and
cons. Such an inspection may provide a clearer picture of
the routine procedures. However, important personnel may not
be present at the time of the inspection.
The plan for the investigation must be thoroughly understood
by all involved. In addition, follow-up activities (reports,
etc.) should be discussed in detail, prior to the
-------
58.
Inspection or investigation, to assure that legal protocols ace
followed and that the case is aided, not jeopardized by the
resulting inspection reports.
Because of the potential legal ramifications of these DAls,
it is even more critical that the inspectors emphasize the
presentation, of their credentials and to request the
credentials of the officials at the facility. Each violation
must be documented as completely as possible. Some
inspectors and investigators indicate that inconsistencies in
times indicated on facility records may be the best way to
detect fraudulent activities. Special Agents, Regional
Council personnel, etc., can provide additional advice.
It is critical to remember that all the facility personnel
have legal rights (see EFA NEIC "Policies and Procedures
Manual", EPA 330/9 - 78 - 001-R, August 1991), which must be
carefully protected during routine and intensive DAls.
Additional Follow-up Activities:
In addition to the inspection reports and Deficiency Notices
and completion of the 3560-3 form, the following follow-up
activities are to be conducted:
o Routine Inspection:
Track response to Deficiency Notice. Additional
letters may be necessary in case of mis-communication,
omissions from, the response., and/or the wrong corrective
action/s indicated in the response, which result in
the deviation not being corrected.
Exchange results for the PE samples delivered as
part of the DAI. Additional sets of PE samples must
be sent if difficulties are encountered (laboratory
results are "not acceptable"). One set of samples
should be sent, which includes the "true values".
This set is to be used by the facility to help
resolve their analytical difficulties. The second
set, without "true values" is to to be used to
verify the the problem has been corrected.
- If the deficiencies in self-monitoring are contrary to
the permit, such situations may constitute violations
and the facility may be issued a "Notice of Violation"
("NOV").
o Non-routine: In cases of data misconduct or data fraud
the WM Enforcement must be notified immediately.
-------
59.
WPDES Permit Data Topic Suggestions:
In the course o£ performing DAIs a number of ideas and
suggestions for additional permit/40 CFR requirements related to
se1f-monitoring data and data records have become apparent.
Data related items included on the permit would be mandatory
and vould help assure uniformity of requirements and ease of
enforcement. The following additional records and related
requirements should be considered in inclusion in NPDES
Permits and/or the 40 CFR:
o specify the number of days between sampling and/or
the requirement that sampling be on a set schedule,
o specifications of the minimum frequency of calibration of
flow monitoring devices,
o indelible ink for all self-monitoring records,
o bound data notebook with numbered pages for self-monitoring
records (laboratory, sampling, flow monitoring, etc.).
o requirements for clearly labeling data records so that
they are complete and self-explanatory, e.g., column
headings.
o requirements for organization of data (current and past) so
that records are easy to locate,
o time of analysis for parameters with holding times
< 24 hours as:
DO (winkler-- 8 hrs. and electrode-- no holding time);
pH; Temp.; Res. C12 (no holding time);
Cr VI (24 hours);
fecal coliform (6 hours);
sulfite (no holding time).
o require a holding time record, in addition to
the required time of sampling and time of analyses.
o specific requirements should be included for computer data
storage and backup, i.e., frequency for backup,
requirements for hard copy output, etc.
o the permit should indicated that fines will be
levied for errors or omissions in data and records,
o require a record of results of preservation checks (verification
upon receipt by the laboratory).
o contain better boilerplate to explain that all "raw data",
necessary to reconstruct each self-monitoring data result.
must be retained, for three years (volume of titrant,
absorbance values, weights, instrument strip chart
recordings or other readings, printer outputs, readings
obtained for calibration standards, conc. of calibration
standards, calibration curves, results for check
standards, calculations and equations, etc.).
o a record of dates of sample preparative steps (dates of
digested, extracted, etc.). Such preparative steps generally
have required holding times,
o define a discrete result interval and therefore an
"excursion event", with regard to continuous monitoring
as ONE HOUR per Clean Water Act, 47 CFR 24537, June 4,
-------
60.
1982, Section 401.17.
a warning not to average permit parameter results, which
have minimum-maximum limits ( DO, pH , temp or Res. C12).
an example data set should be included with a completed
DMR form to illustrate the calculations and completion
of the form. The associated equations of the calculations
should be included.
since commercial laboratories are so widely employed,
special requirements for record keeping related to
employing a commercial laboratory should be addressed,
(information the facility should provide to the commercial
laboratory and information the commercial lab should provide
the permittee). Some states require the name and address
of the commercial laboratory. The Compliance Inspection
Manual, p. 2-51, indicates that the lab records should be
maintained by the facility as per the permit-- even if a
commercial laboratory is used. This needs to be clarified
and clearly defined in NPDES permits.
the permit often has DMR forms included, these forms should
include a blank for the name and address of the laboratory
that performed the analyses.
necessary QC procedures, which should be performed should
to be listed in the permit, since many (most inorganic)
methods do not specify QC requirements, e.g., accuracy,
precision, etc.
what should be done when "unacceptable" QC results are
obtained or "bad" samples are taken, (non-representative,
inadequate preservatives, inappropriate or contamination
is known or probable). The permit should specify that
re-analysis is to be performed if within holding times.
If re-analysis cannot be performed then the data must
be reported and', the results flagged with an explanation,
guidance should be included, which details how to handle
self-monitoring results that are below detection limits,
e.g., "< values", "NDs" and zero values (fecal
coliform analyses).
rules for reporting greater - than-values and TNTC (fecal
coliform analyses).
guidance on use of screening methods (kits),
guidance on data security.
guidance on electronic data storage and data backup,
(frequency for backup, requirements for hardcopy output, etc)
require that the facility have a listing of the
analytical method titles and references that they are
employing not just a method name, (many analytical methods
have the same name).
the permits should require that facilities have a copy of
the current 40 CFR Part 136 (new each July 1). At least
the listing of the methods, preservative, containers and
holding times must be available on-site.
the procedure for the correction of errors made in
self-monitoring data records needs to be specified.
The requirement should be that a single line should be
-------
61.
drawn through the error and the initials of the analyst
should be included, as well as the date. This should
include an explanation, at the bottom of the page, as to
the circumstances associated with the error,
o require that self-monitoring analytical data be reviewed
by a second person (analyst, supervisor),
o require two signatures for the, "true accurate and complete
statement". One by plant superintendent for field related
data and the completion of the DMR and a second by a laboratory
representative (facility and commercial laboratory),
o suggest that the lab automate the DMR completion process
(at least the calculations).
o specify and describe a chain-of-custody record.
o DMRQA needs to be mentioned (by name), and defined, including
a notice that the laboratory that routinely performs the
self-monitoring analyses must be the one that performs the
DMRQA. Also that all data records and communications are
retained as a separate file, which is organized by year
(this is a yearly performance evaluation process).
These records are necessary to help verify that the lab
actually did the work,
o specify that all direct read out instruments have
hardcopy output, e.g., D.O. meters, pH meters, atomic
absorption spectrophotometers. Otherwise no record of
responses for standards, samples and blanks, etc. is
produced.
o guidance on >, < values, TNTC and 0 values for fecal coliform.
o requirement for establishing facility MDLs and/or "Minimum
Levels" for laboratory pure water and the effluent matrix.
This is especially important for the permits which
include "non-detected" limits written based on stream based
1imi ts.
Note: PERMITS WITH "NON-DETECTED" REQUIREMENTS, DO NOT
ASSURE THAT THE FACILITY COULD HAVE DETECTED THE ANALYTE,
EVEN AT LEVELS SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER THAN THE DETECTION
LEVEL LISTED IN THE ANALYTICAL METHOD. PERMITS SHOULD REQUIRE
THE ANALYSIS OF , A CALIBRATION STANDARD AND A SPIKED EFFLUENT
AT THE PERMIT LIMIT (ESTABLISHED MDLs ASSURED BY "REAL-TIME"
MEASURES OF DETECTION,
o training record of personnel.
o guidance should be provided as to what the permittee is to
do if the analytical method is not as sensitive as is required
by the permit (use another method, optimize the instrument,
hire a commercial laboratory to perform the analyses, etc.) .
-------
62.
References:
Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Hastes, 1979/83,
USEPA, EPA - 600/A - 79-020.
Compliance Inspection Manual, May 1988, USEFA Office of Water
Enforcement and Permits (EN-338)f Washington, D.C. 20460.
Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the Enylroninent, 1976,
US EPA, EPA-600/8 - 7 8-017.
40 CFR Part 136. Guidelines Establishing Test Procedures for'
for the Analysis of Pollutants Under the Clean Water Act.
Handbook for Analytical Quality Control in Water and
Wastewater Laboratories, March 1979, USEPA, EPA-600/4 - 79 - 019.
NPDES Self-Monitoring System (User Guide), January 1985,
Office of Water (Office of Water Enforcement and Permits)
USEPA, EN-338, 401 tt Street S.W., Washington. D.C. 20460.
TSCA Confidential Business Information Security Manual,
Nov. 1985, USEPA, Office of Toxic Substances (TS-793),
Washington, D.C. 20460.
Good Automated Laboratory Practices (DRAFT), Dec. 28, 1990,
Scientific Systems Staff, Office of Information Resources
Management, USEPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.
40 CFR Part 792 Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA); Good
Laboratory Practice Standards, August 17, 1989.
"Laboratory's Paper Trail", National Environmental Enforcement
Journal, July 1992.
U.S. General Accounting Office, "Report to the Chairman Committee
on Governmental Affairs", U.S. Senate, GA0/RCED-93-21, March 1993.
"Inspector's K.I.S.S. Manua.1 --Conducting Compliance Inspections
(an Abbreviated Manual)", Douglas Smith, USEPA Region X,
EPA-910/9-91-047, January 1, 1992.
"Good Laboratory Practices Inspection Manual", USEPA, May 1993.
"Policies and Procedures", USEPA National Enforcement Investigation
Center, Denver, Colorado, August 1991, EPA-.330/9- 78 -001 - R.
"Information Security Manual", Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act, July 1988.
"Toward Harmonization of Raw Data", S. Weinberg, American
Environmental Laboratory, Summer 1993.
-------
63 .
References (cont.)
"Sample Data Checks Effluent Quality", Denise Kearn, Environmental
Protection, September 1993.
Iso Guide 55, "Testing Laboratory Accreditation System--
General Recommendations for Operation", 1st edition, 1988.
Iso Guide 25, "General Requirements for Technical Competence
of Testing Laboratories, 1982.
"Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater" ,
American Public Health Association, 17th edition, 1989.
"Microbiological Methods for Monitoring"the Environment,
Water and Waste.", Bordner, R.H., and Winters, J.A.,
USEPA, EPA-600/8-78-017), 1978.
"Open Channel Flow Measurement Handbook", 2nd edition,
ISCO Inc., Lincoln, Nebraska, 1981.
-------
64.
APPENDIX:
Lotus Template Illustrating DMR Calculations.
Lotus Template for Flow Proportioned
Composite Samples (8-hour and 24-hour).
Titration Factors from Standard Methods and
Additional Analytical Calculations (Examples).
Determination of Analytical Precision.
Determination of Analytical Accuracy.
Making Dilutions.
MDL-- Documentation Required by 40 CFR Part 136, Appendix B.
Example DMRQA Facility Report.
DMR Form 3320-1 (Rev. 10-79) With Instructions for
Performing the Necessary Calculations from the
"NPDES Self-Monitoring System User Guide".
"Instructions for NPDES Permit Reporting", Marlene Patillo,
1991, Maryland Department of the Environment.
"Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) Preparation", Virginia
Department of Environmental Quality.
"Instructions for Utilizing National Pollutant Discharge
Elimination System (NPDES)Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Resources.
"Reference Manual for WV NPDES Discharge Monitoring Reports",
Vest Virginia Department of Environmental Protection.
Example DAI Inspection Report.
BFB and DFTPP Tuning.
Fecal Coliform Calculations (Difficult to Calculate
MF Results).
-------
Lotus Template Illustrating
DMR Calculations
(Spreadsheet for Easy Preparation
& Review of DMR Data)
Both the preparation and review of the Discharge Monitoring
Report lends itself to a spreadsheet software approach. This
PC approach should save time, effort and avoid calculation
and even judgement errors. A Lotus spreadsheet has been
developed to aid the inspector in checking the DMR
calculations.
DAIs routinely involve many hours of transcribing column
after column of numbers and performing numerous time
consuming calculations. Using the spreadsheet the
inspector or operator begins by simply retrieving the file
(blank template) and entering concentration values and pH
values for the days that monitoring was performed.
The spreadsheet calculates loadings, weekly and monthly
averages (concentration and loadings) and automatically
selects the minimum and maximum. The geometric mean of the
colonies per 100 mLs is calculated for fecal coliform
results. Space is provided in the header for input of the
facility name and permit number, as well as the month and
year. The first page of the attachment is a example of a
completed spreadsheet. The provided example calculates the
loadings as Kg/Day. This could be converted to Lbs/Day by
replacing the 3.785 conversion factor to 8.34 in the cell
formulas.
The spreadsheet only includes header information for the most
common conventional analytes (pH, DO, BOD, TSS, TKN, NH3, TP
and fecal coliform). However, the header information may be
easily changed to reflect different facility specific
parameters and cell equations can be copied (Lotus "copy"
command) to expand the template for more analytes.
The user should be aware that there are two additional
spreadsheet areas in the template (these are filled with
information already and are below the empty facility data
area) • When new analytes are added by copying cell
locations, e.g., adding new analytes, these locations must be
copied as well. Both-of these additional templates are
necessitated by the way Lotus treats empty cells ("counted"
as zeros). The goal was to develop a spreadsheet which could
be used for most NPDES facilities. This necessitates that
the spreadsheet be totally "tolerant" of blank cells, since
each facility may have different monitoring frequency
requirements (one facility may be required to monitor all
parameters each day which would fill the spread sheet,
whereas a facility only required to monitor once or twice for
-------
several parameters, would result in many blank data cells)
The first of these "behind-the-scenes" templates is used to
calculate minimum values. Blank cells in the data template
cause the corresponding values in this template to be hugh
numbers and therefore will not be considered for the minimum
value. Non-blank values in the data template are directly
translated (unchanged in value) to this template and are
considered for the minimum value.
The second of the behind the scenes templates affects only
averages. Like the first template, the concern involves
blank cells. In this case the goal is to make sure that
blank cells do not affect the denominator of an average
(concentration or loading, and monthly and weekly). In this
template, each corresponding, facility data cell containing
data are assigned a value of 1. Blank entries are assigned
the value of 0. To get the denominator for the averages, the
corresponding column in this template are added. The blank
cells all contribute zero to this sum and are therefore not
counted.
The operation of both "behind-the-scenes" templates is
automatic.
The attachment includes a completed example spreadsheet and a
listing of the cell equations, so that the software is readily
available for use by inspectors and also to serve as
documentation of the software.
Using the spreadsheet, verification of the DMR data
becomes a matter of one team member reading the other the raw
data and typing the concentration values into the spreadsheet
template. When completed the file is saved as a facility
specific file name, saving the original empty spreadsheet as
a blank template for continued use.
Limitations:
Data entry into such spreadsheets is via "manual entry",
which can result in typographical and transcription errors.
However, the entered data is readily available for review,
verification and editing (entry errors are easy to correct).
The program will not accept alphanumeric entries, e.g., "< 10".
The current spreadsheet will not accept 0 values for other
than fecal coliform results. It was assumed that "less-than-
values" would be replaced with the value without the sign
and that 0 values would not be occurring. However, the USEPA
Office of Water (Enforcement) is considering guidance that
would replace "non-detect" or "less-than-values" with zeros
(0). This will necessitate a slight logic change in the data
template (top template) of the spreadsheet. Cells in the
-------
loadings columns would be changed. For example the formula
in B43 would have to be changed from:
@IF((B43*G43)>0,B43*8.34*G43," "); to
(§IF (@ISNUMBER ((G43)>0) , B43*8 . 34*G43 , " " ) .
This change will allow the entry of "O" concentrations
for chemical analytes.
The spreadsheet as provided does allow for entry of 0
colonies/100 mLs. For the determination of geometric
averages (fecal coliform), the spreadsheet automatically
replaces an entered "0" value with a value of "1". Since the
log of 1 is 0, this replacement avoids mathematical problems
associated with 0s in the calculation of the geometric mean
(log of 0 or multiplication by 0), yet gives the facility the
benefit of the low results in the geometric average.
The inspector must verify that the spreadsheet is performing
the calculations correctly. This may be performed by testing
a number of spreadsheet results by also performing the
calculations "manually"--with a calculator.
-------
FACMTf:
P8RHIT |
IfOHTfl:
FINAL EFFLOEKV
D
F
A
L
DD
B
BOD
T
0 USD
P
DO
DO
m
0 till
BOD
-m?
E
if
B
ig/L
im
AVG
D
Ig/D
m
1
1.000
7.0
5.0
18.525
31.00
117.335
2
1.100
7.1
5.1
21.234
27.00
112.415
3
1.200
7.2
5.2
23.618
21.40
106.283
4
1.400
7.0
5.5
29.145
25.80
116.114
5
1.500
7.1
6
i.eoo
6.9
5.7
34.519
65.30
401.511
?
1.700
7.2
5.8
37.320
27.46
44.00
281.118
192.90
t
1.800
7.0
5.6
38.153
43.10
293.640
9
1.900
T.<
5.7
40.932
20.03
143.830
18
2.000
7.0
5.8
43.906
11
1.000
6.9
54.00
204.130
12
1.200
1.1
6.1
27.706
13.20
150.794
13
1.300
7.1
6.2
30.507
34.50
169.757
14
1.400
6.5
7.0
37.093
36.39
33.20
175.927
189.72
15
1,600
7.1
7.2
43.(03
45.60
276.154
16
1,100
7.0
5.8
24.148
14.50
143.641
1?
1.800
6.9
7.0
47.691
11.10
225.510
It
1,900
7.2
14.50
248.147
19
2.000
7.1
66.70
504.919
2D
2.200
7.0
6.8
56.624
34.50
287.282
21
2.300
6/9
6.5
56.586
45.73
23.20
201.968
269.65
22
3.103
7.0
6.7
78.614
44.50
522.141
23
1.100
7;2
6.9
28.728
14.50
1(1.6(1
24
1.200
7.1
7.1
12.248
54.30
246.631
25
1.300
7.0
7.0
34.444
41.40
211.550
26
1.400
7.2
6.3
13.384
21.50-
119.228
21
2.200
7.1
33.40
278.122
28
4.000
7.2
5.5
83.270
49.45
22.20
316.108
265.63
25
2.300
7.3
6.0
52.231
3D
2.600
7.4
5.5
54.126
43.50
428.084
31
6.700
7.2
6.2
157.229
23.40
593.412
Tot
58.300
219.400
159.200
1166.045
158.011
1029.300
7054.210
917.905
Ave
1.900
7.077
6.123
44.848
39.508
46.751
252.291
229.476
Hu
(.700
7 A
7.2
157.2
48.4
66.1
591.4
269. J
Kin
1.0
6.5
5.0
18.9
27.5
20.0
106.3
189.7
-------
T
S
TSS
TIN
ME3-II
S
TSS
nil
ra
TEN
mi
HBJ-K
KB3-N
IfILT
ig/L
Kg/0
AVG
tg/L
Ig/D
AVG
¦g/L
lift
AVG
30.0
113.550
3.6
13.626
1.1
4.164
26.0
106.251
3.0
12.491
1.0
4.164
22.4
101.741
3.2
14.534
1.0
4.54!
24.8
131.415
3.0
15.897
1.0
3.0
17.033
1.0
5.67S
65-. 3
395.45!
3.4
20.590
1.0
6-05:
43.0
276.684
187.85
3.5
22.521
16.67
1.0
6.435
5.17
19.0
129.443
3.0
20.419
2.0
13.is;
19.1
137.356
3.0
21.575
2.0
14.383
2.9
21.953
2.0
15.140
43.0
162.755
2.1
1.0
32.0
145.344
3.0
13.626
1.0
4.542
32.3
153.932
3.2
15.746
i.o
4.921
32.1
179.0911
150.66
3.1
16.421
18.29
1.0
5.299
9.65
44.6
m.ui
4.0
24.224
1.0
6.056
33.5
139.477
2.4
9.992
1.0
32.1
218.63?
3.4
23.164
2.1
14.307
39.0
289.469
4.5
32.362
2.0
1(;383
22.0
156.540
5.5
41.635
2.0
15.140
23.4
194.852
4.3
2.0
16.654
23.2
201.966
210.30
2.2
19.152
25.09
2.0
11.411
13.99
43.5
510.407
3.2
37.541
2.0
23.467
35.6
148,221
4.5
18,736
1.0
4.164
31.0
140.802
4.3
19.531
2.0
9.084
22.0
10S.251
3.3
16.239
1.0
4.921
20.0
105.980
3.2
16.957
3.2
16.957
34.0
233.118
3.1
1.2
9.99!
19.0
287.660
226.35
3.0
45.420
25.74
2.2
33.301
11.56
1.0
8.JOE
1.0
9.841
0.7
17.752
111. WO
5087.570
775.154
94.600
531.414
6S.TJJ
44.500
311.oes
43.372
31.227
195.676
193.718
3.379
21.257
21.448
1.435
11.110
10.843
65.3
510.4
226.3
5.5
45.4
25.7
3.2
33.3
14.6
13.0
101.7
150.7
2.2
10.0
15,?
0.1
4.2
5.2
-------
TP
TP
M/L
Ig/D
0.5
0.4
1.665
0.6
2.725
0.8
4.542
0.9
5.450
2.1
14.301
2.2
15.821
3.2
24.224
3.4
12.86)
3.3
16.238
2.2
13.323
3.3
13.740
4.4
29.977
4.4
31.643
4.3
32.551
2.2
18.319
2.1
18.282
2.2
25.814
3.3
13.740
2.0
9.084
2.0
9.841
1.0
5.299
1.2
9.992
3.2
48.448
3.4
29.599
2.0
19.682
2.0
50.719
62.600
477.894
2.319
18.381
4.4
50.7
0.4
1.7
TP FECAL FECAL
VEL7 COLIFORH LOG VALUE
AVC CQLONIES/lOO al (0 IF THE 1/1000 IS 0)
0.0 0.00
1.0
3.(0
21.0 1.32
200.0 2.30
23.0 1.36
16.69
4.0
34.0
56.0
77.0
100.0
1000.0
1000.0
123.0
34.0
0.60
1.53
1.75
1.89
2.00
3.00
3.00
2.09
1.53
22.55
6.0
1.0
0.78
0.00
0.00
17.46
45.0
66.0
89.0
1.65
1.82
1.94
60,295 28.570 SDK OF LOG VALUES
15.074 26.6 GEOMETRIC KEAN
22.5 1000.0
3.6 0.0
-------
A3: 0 IVl| 'FACIIITT:
A5: U |V3] * PEHHIT { (fOHTH:
W: D I1M1 'mi:
E7: U |V1I] * FINAL SFFLOENT
All: 0 [V3] 'D
811: D (V11J 'P
Cll: D fill) '
Ell: D [¥11]-
A12: B [KJ *A
B12: 0 [111] 1
E12: D [111] '
F12: D [111] 'DO
G12: 0 [111] '8
H12: II |V11) '
112: D [lll| "BOD
All: tt [VJI *T
S13: 'J [111] * 0 KD
C13: U [1111 'p
D13: V [111] *DO
EI3: 0 [111] 'DO
F13: D [III] *?£LT
G13: 0 [fill " 0 af/1
E13: 0 [111] 'BOD
113: 0 [VII] *IILY
AH: U [13] 'E
114: U [111] 'V
CI<: U [111] *!
DM: U Illlj 'ag/L
EH: D [111] *U/D
FU: V [VII] *AVfl
C14: U IV11] *D
Eli: 0 llll] *£g/D
114: 0 [111] *AVG
A15: (FO)® [V3J 1
BIS: (P3] 0 [1111 1
C15: [PI] 0 [111] 7
D15: (P1J U [rill S
BIS: [F3] D [Vll] eiF((BlS*D15)>0,B15«3.7S5fD15.a ')
F1S: (PI| D [«U| *
G15: D [VII] 31
BIS; (PJM [VI11 (B15*C15J>0,B1S*3.785+GJ5,* ')
IIS: (Fl) D [VII] '
A16: (PO] 0 (13] 2
B16: (F3) fl [111] 1.1
CJ6: (Fl) fl [Vll] 7.1
D1S: (Fl] U [Vll] S.l
E1G: (F3) fl [Vll] 8IF((B16*D16|>0,816*3.785*016,* ']
Flfi: (FU S {till '
GIG: D [Vll] 27
HIS: (F3) V [Vll] «IF((B16*G16]>0,B1G*3.1851C1B,' ')
116: (Pl| U [VII] 4
A17: (P0| II [V3] 3
B17: (F3) D [Vll] 1.2
Clf: (Fl| 0 [VIII 7.2
017: (Fl) U [Vll] 5.2
El7: (F3J U [Vll] 8IF((B!7*D17|>0,B17*3.785*017,' *)
-------
Fir: (PIJ £f frill '
617: U (VII| 23.4
HI7: (P3) U (Vll| fiIF((617#CI7)>0,B17*3.785*C17,' ')
117: (PI) U [Vll] *
Alt: (P0) 0 (V3J <
BJ8: (PJ) U [VI]) 1.4
CIS: (PI) D [VI]] 7
D18: (Fl) U [Vll] 5.5
£18: (PJ) 0 [Vll] SIP((B18*DI8)>0,B18<3.785*018," ')
P18: (PI) U (VII) *
G18: U (Vll) 25,8
HIS: (PJ) 0 [Vll] erP((D18*G18]>0,B18*3.785*G18l1 '1
118: (Fl) 0 (Vll) *
A19: (FO) D [V3] 5
B19: (F3) D (Vll) 1.5
C19: (Fl) U [¥11] 7.1
019: (PI) 0 (Vll] *
E1S: (PJ) U [Vll] 8IP((B19*D19)>0,B19*3.785*019,' '1
P19: (Fl) D [Vll] *
G19: II [Vll] *
H19: (F3) 0 [Vll] eiP((B19*G19)>0,819*3.785*G19,' 'j
119: (Fl) D (Vll] *
A20: (FO) U [V3] 6
B20: (PJ) D (Vll) 1.6
C20: (Fl) U (frill 6.9
D20: (Fl) D (Vll] S.7
E20: (F3) D [Vll] 8IF((B20*D20))0,B20*3.785*020,' 'I
F20: (Fl) D (VII) '
G20: D [Vll] 66.3
H20: (F3) 0 [VIII «rF((S20*G2a)>0,fl20»3.7S5*G201" 'I
120: (Fl) 0 [VUj *
A21: (FO) U (V3) 7
ill: (F3| D [VII] 1.7
C21: (Fl) U [Vll] 7.2
021: (Fl) 0 [Vll] $.8
Ml: (PJ) D [Vll] 8IP((821*021)>0,B21*3.785*021,' ')
F2I: (F2| 0 [Vll] 8[F(8SIfK(Kli..E21)>0p«SDH(gl5..E2I)/9S0X(E98..E104)f' ')
621: U [Vll] 4<
821: (P3) U [VI1| erF({B21*G21|>0tB21'3.785'G21,a ')
[21: (F2) 0 [Vll] grF(eSUK(Bl5..B21)>0,«SUtf(H15..B21)/iSUK(H98..B10{),> ')
A22: (FO) 0 [V3] 8
B22: (FJ) D (Vll] 1.8
C22: (PI) 0 [Vll] 7
D22: (PI) U (Vll] $.6
B22: (F3) 0 [Vll] 8IF((B22*D22}>0,B22*3.785*D22,' ')
F22: (Fl) D [Vll] *
G22: 0 [Vll] 43.1
H22: (PJ) U [Vll] MF((B22*G22)>0,B22*3.785*G221' ')
122: (PI) V [ill] *
A23: (FO) 0 |VJ] 9
823: (F3) 0 (Vll) 1.9
C23: (Fl) U [Vll] 7.4
023: (Fl) U (Vll) 5.7
E23: |F3) 0 (Vll) «IF((B23«D23{>0,B23*3.785*023,* ')
F23: [Fl) U |V11] '
G23: 0 |V11) 20
-------
E23: (F31 U [Vli] #IF((B23*G23]>0,B23*3.585*C23,' ')
123: (PI) U [VII] '
kU: (FC) U [V3] 10
824: (P3| 0 mill 2
C24: (PI} 0 (Vll1 7
024: (Fl) 0 [Vll] 5.8
E24: (P3) 0 [Vll] HF((B24*D24)>0,B24*3.785*D24,a ')
P24: (PI) 0 [Vll] '
G24: 0 [Vll] '
624: (P3) U |V11] gIF(|B24*G24)>0,B24*3.785*G24,a ')
124: (PI) tl [Vll] *
A25: (FB) 0 [V3] 11
B25: (FJj 0 [Vll] 1
£25: (Fl) 0 [Vll] 6.9
D25: (Fl) 0 [Vll] *
B25: (P3) U [Vll] eiF((B25*D25)>0,B25*3.785*1)25,* ')
P25: (Fl) 0 [Vll] *
G25: 0 [Vll] 54
H25: (F3) D [Vll] «IF((B25*G25|>0,B25*3.785*G25,* ')
125: (Fl) D (Vll] *
A26:. IPO] D [V3] 12
B26: (F3) 0 [Vll] 1.2
C26; (Fl) B [Vll] 7.1
D2G: (Fl) U [Vll] 6.1
E2fi: (F3) tf [Vll] «IF((B28*D2S)>0,B26*3.785*D2J,' ')
F26: (Fl) U [Vll] *
G2E: U [Vll] 33.2 *
B26: (F3) D [VII] «IF((B26*GZ61>0,B26*3.T85*C26,1 a)
126: (Fl) 0 [VII] *
A27: (FO) V [V3| 13
B27: (F3) U [Vli] 1.3
C27: (PI| IT(VIII 7.1
027: (Fl) U [VII] 6.2
E27: (F3) 0 [Vll] «IF((B27*D27)>0,B27*3.785*1)27,' ')
F27: (Fl) 0 [VII] *
G27: U [Vll] 34.5
B27: (F3) U [VII] «rF((B27*C27|>ClB27*3.785^2?,' *)
127: (PI) U [Vll] '
A2S: (FO] (I [V3I 14
B2.8: (P3| 0 [Vll] 1.4
C28: (PI) U [Vll] 1.5
D28: (PI) U [Vll] 7
E28: (P3) U [Vll] «IP((B28*D28)>0,828*3.785*028,' ')
P28: (Fi) tl [Vll] «IP(eS17V(B22..E28}>0,eS0j((g22..E28)/CSUV(B185..Elll)la ')
G28: 0 [VII) 33.2
B28: (P31 (J [Vll] eiF((B28*G28)>0tB28*3.785*G28t" ']
128: (P2) U [Vll) «IF(gSDK(B22..B2B)>0rBSUH(B22..B2i)/eS0H(B105.1ElU),a ')
A23: (FO) U [V3] 15
829: (P3) V [Vll] 1.5
C29: (PI) D [Vll] 7.1
02): (PI) (I [Vll] 7.2
E29: (P3) 0 [Vll] IIF((B29*D29)>0,B29*3.785*029,' *1
P29: (Fl) 0 [Vll) *
629: U [Vll] 45.6
B29: (PJ) U [Vll) 8IF[(B29*G29)>0,B29*3.785*629i' a)
129: (PI) 0 [V11J *
-------
A30: (PO) If (111 16
830: (P3) (f (ifilj 1.1
CIO: (PI) U [VII] 7
030: (PI) If [Vll] 5.8
HO: (P3) 0 [111] 6IF((B30*DJO)>0rB30*3.785*D30,' ')
MO: (P1J 0 (Vill *
CIO: 0 (VIII 34.5
B30: (P3) D [Vll] «IF((B30tC30pO,B30»3.785»G30,* ']
130: (Fl) 0 (111) '
AJI: (FO) V (HI 1?
Ml: (F3) 0 (Vll! 1.8
C31: (Fl) 0 (VIII 6.9
031: (Fl) D (Vll) 7
E31: (F3| U {Vll) 8rP((B3i*031))0,B31*3.785*031," ')
F31: (Fl) 0 [VII] *
G31: U [VllI 33.1
B31: (F3) 0 [Vll] eiF((B31*G31 ))0,B3H3.785*C31'I
131: (Fl) If (Vll) '
A32: (FO) If [V3] 18
B32: (P3| U [Vlli 1.9
C32: (Fl) D [Vll] 7.2
032: (Fl) 0 [VIIJ *
S32: (F3) 0 [Vll] «IP((B32*D32)>0,BJ2»3.785*012,' ')
P32: (FlJ tf [VllJ *
G32: U [Vll] 31.5
B32: (F3) 0 [Vll] §IF((B32*G32)>0,B32*3.785*GJ2," '|
132: (Fl) U [Vll] '
A33: (FO) U [V3] 19
B33: (F3) U [Vll) 2
C33: (Fl) U [Vll] 7.1
033: (Fl) 0 [Vll] *
E33: (F3| U [Vll] HP((B33«D33|>01B33*3.785*033,' ')
F33: (Fl) U [Vll] *
G33: D [Vll] 66.7
B33: (F3| U [VII] «IF((B33*C33)>0,B33*3.785*C33,' *)
133: (Fl) 0 [VII] *
A34: (FO] 0 IW] 20
B34: (F3) U [Vll] 2.2
C34: (Fl) I) [Vll] 7
034: (Fl) 0 (Vll) 6.8
E34: (F3| U [Vll] «IP((B34*D3<}>0,B34*3.785*03<,* ')
P34: (Fl) D [Vll] *
C34: 0 [Vll] 34.5
B34: (F3) If [Vll] «IF((B34*fi34)>OtB34*3.785*034,' ')
134: (Fl) U [Vll] '
A35: (FO) U [V3] 21
B35: (F3) U [Vll] 2.3
C35: (Fl) U [Vll] 6.9
035: (Fl) 0 [Vll] 6.5
B35: (F3) U [Vll] gIP[(B35*D35)>0,835*3.785*035,' ')
F35: (F2) U [Vll] eiF((S0X(B29..E35)>0,eSUH(E29..E35)/!S0K(B112..Bll8]t> ')
G35: 0 [Vll] 23.2
B35: (F3) U [Vll] glF((B35*G35)>0,635*3,785*035,' ')
135: (F2) U |Vlll iIF(eSUH(B23..H35)>0,«SUH(6Z3..H35}/eSUH(BU2..H118),a ')
A36: (FO) U |V3] 22
B36: (F3) U (Vll! 3.1
-------
C36: (Fl) D [VII] 1
OJfi: (F!| (f (HI| U
BIS: (Fl) U (Vlll eiF((836*036)>OtB36*3.785*D36>a ')
FIE: (Fl) 0 (Vlll '
G36: (HIJ <4.5
E36: FJ| U (¥11] CIP((B36*G3C)>0tB36*3.7£5»G36f" ')
136: Fl) D [Vll] '
137: Ft) U [»] 23
B37: F3| 0 (811] 1.1
C37: (Fl) 0 (Vlll 7.2
D37: (PI) D [Vll] (.9
E3T: (F3) G (Vll] «IP((B37*D37)>0,B37»3.185*I>37/ ')
F37: (PI| If (fill *
C37: 0 [111] 34.5
B37: (F3) D (Vll] «IP((B37»C37)>0,B37*3.785*G37II ')
137: (Fl] 0 (¥11] *
A3S: (FO) D ]V3] 24
B38: (F3) C (Vll] 1.2
C38: (Fl) ff (Vll] 7.1
D38: (Fl) U [Vll] 7.1
E38: (F3) D [Vll] «IP((B3B*D38)>0tB38*3.78Sm&r* *)
F38: (Fl| 0 (Vll] *
638: D (Vll) 54.3
838: (F3) 0 (Vll] tIF((|]S*G}l}>0,131*3.115*638,1 ')
138: (Fl) 0 (VIII *
A39: (FO) U [V3] 25
B39: (F3) II (¥11] 1.3
C39: (Fl) 0 (Vll) 7
133: (Fl) 0 |V11] 7
839: (F3) 0 [Vll] eiF((B39*D3S)>0,B39*3.785«D39f* ¦)
P39: (PI) D [Vll] *
G39: U [Vll] 43.4
839: (F3) D [Vll) eiF((B39*G39)>0tB39*3.785*G3S(a ')
139: (Fl) 0 [Vll] *
A40: (FO) U (V3) 26
B40: (F3) D [Vll] 1.4
C40: (Fl) U [Vll] 7.2
D40: (Fl) U [Vll] C.3
E40: (F3) 0 [Vll] eiF((B40*D40)>OtB40*3.785*D40l> ')
F40: (Fl) D [Vll] t
G40: 0 [Vll] 22.5
H40:- (F3) 0 [Vlll tIF((B40»G40)>0,840*3.785*640,' *)
140: (Fl) B IV11J '
All: (FO) U [V3] 27
B41: (F3) 0 [Vll] 2.2
C41: (Fl) 0 [Vlll 7.1
D41: (Fl) 0 |V11] '
B41: (F3) U (Vll) «F((B41*D41)>01B>1«.785#D41t" ')
F41: (Fl) D [Vll) *
G41: 0 [Vll] 33.4
H4J: (F3) 0 [Vll] ^IP[(B^l*G41|>0,B^l*3.7i5*G41,, *)
141: (Fl) 0 (Vll) *
A42: (FO) 0 (V3) 28
B42: (F3) 0 [Vll] 4
C42: (Fl) D [Vlll 7.2
042: (Fl) U 1*11] 5.5
-------
E42:
U («11] 8IP((B42*D42)>0,B42*3.T85*D42t* ']
P(2:
0 [VII] tIF(£5O!f(£3S..E42]>0,iSUK{E16..E(2)/tSUK(Ell9..B125)l< ')
G42:
HI 22.2
H42:
0 (VII] CIP((B42*G(2|>0,B42«3.7BStG42,' ']
r«:
0 (¥11] eiP(8Sl;H{H16..B42|>MSHH(B36..H<2|/eSUK(eil9..H125|,' *1
A43:
V [V3] 29
B(3:
0 [VII] 2.3
C43:
U [VII] 7.3
DO:
0 [HI] 6
E43:
U |*11] eiF[(B43*D43)>OlB43«3.7S5«D43l* ')
P43:
0 [Vll] '
G43:
11 *
H43:
0 [Vll] 8IF({B43*G(3|>0,B43*3,785*G43,' ')
143:
0 [Vll] *
444:
0 [V3] 30
B44:
V 1*111 2.6
C44:
0 1*11] 7.4
044:
0 [Vll] 5.5
B44:
U [VII] GIP((B4(*D(4|>0,B44*3.785*0(4,' ')
P44:
0 [Vll] *
G44:
1] 43.5
B4(:
0 (Vll] 8IF((B440,B(4*3.7!5*G44I' ')
144:
0 [Vll) *
14$:
0 [VJJ 31
B4S:
0 [Vll] 6.7
C45:
V [Vll] 7.2
045:
U [Vll] 6.2
E45:
0 [Vll] MF((B45*045|>0,B(5*3.785*045,' ')
P45:
0 [Vll] '
G(5:
1] 23.4
845:
D [VII] !IF((B45*G(5)>0,B(5*3.785*G45,' ')
145:
1) [V11J *
A(7:
U [V3] 'Total
B47:
0 1*11] tIP(CSUV(B15..B45)>0,SSUK(B15..B45|l1 *)
C47:
D [Vll] eiF(eSOH(C15..C45]>Q)eSOH(C15..C<5]l> ')
047:
V [Vll] eiF(CS01((Dl5..D45)>0,tSOH(D15..D<5),' ')
M7:
D [VIII tIF(iSW(E15..E45]>0,gSO!l(E15..E45),a ')
P4J:
U [Vll] tIF[eSOH(F15..F45)>OleSUH(;i5..;<5|l> ']
G(7:
U [Vll] IIP(«S01((G15..G<5)>D,tSUII(G15..G(5)>> ')
H47:
U 1*111 «IF(eS0H(B15..B45)>0,!SUE(B15..B45],a ')
147:
D [Vll] CIF(«SOH[II5..I45]>0,«SUlf(II5..I4Si," *|
U [*31 'Are.
A4S:
648:
tf [Vll] CF(eSDif(Bl5..B<5)>Sle{OWD(«5Gl{(B15..B45)/«SOV(B98..B128)
C4B:
U [111] IIF(iSQK[C15..045)>0,iE00SD(!SUH(C15..C(5|/(SOK(C98..C128)
048:
0 (fill tIF(8S01f(D15. .045| )0 ,M0UHD($SUH[ 015..0(5)/Ol8ROOHD(SSOII(E15..B45)/iSUI({E98..E128)
P48:
0 [Vll] iIP[esn(F15..P45)>0,«H0080(esU8(P15..P45)/eSQI((F98..F128}
G(8:
D [Vll] «IF(IS(HI(G15..G(5)>OltllODHD(eSUII(G15..G45]/8SOX(G98..GlZ8t
11(8:
0 [Vll] (IF(CSW(B15..B(5))0,MO0HD[8SD)l(B15,.B45)yiSD]((B9B.«!128)
148:
D [Vll] tIF(CSlfl((I15..145)>0,CROBHD(8SOK(I15.. 145)/8S0K(I98.. 1128)
A4J:
0 [V3] 'Htz
B49:
0 (*111 |[F(«KAX(B15..B45)=* \gKAI(B15..845])
C49:
I) 1*1!) IIF(mi(C15..C(5)>0,CMAl(C15..C(51,' ']
043:
[Vll] «IP(MAX(D15..D45)>0(«KAX(D15..Di5),". "J
B49:
0 [Vll] IIF((KAI(Ei:..E45)>0l8XAI(B15..E(5),> ')
F49 :
0 [*11] 8IP[8MAI(P15..F451>0,0KAI(F15..F451,* ')
-------
B49: fFll U (till erF(iKAX(H15..H<5)>01MAI(H15..H<5)l' *|
H9: (Fl) U (VII] eiF(8M(I15..H5)>0,IM[I15..H5),* ')
A50: (FO) D |V3] 'Kit
B50: (Fl) D (VII] eiF(«KIH(B56..B8€)<100000C,eMIN(B56..B86)
C50: (PI| D |VI1 ] «IF(MH(C56..C85)<1000000,gl(III(CS6./CB6)
D50: (PI) U [VII] §IP(€UIH(D56..D86)<1000000,€KIN(D56-.0861
£50: (PI) U |Vllj «IF(mK(ESf..B86|<100(000,«KIN(Ei6..8S6)
FSO: (PI) II (VIII ^IF(8HIH(F56..P86)<1000000,§HIH(PEE..F86)
G50: (PI) !/ (Vllj 6IP(etfIN(C5£^G36)
-------
JJO: D fKJIJ *
iii: u (vni • r
mi: I! [¥11] *
Pll: 0 fVll] *
JJ2: II [VII] * S
112: 0 [Vll] *TSS
m- D 1*11] *
022: U [VII] "TSH
P12: B fVIij *
£12: U IIU] 'HH3-H
J1J: F [Vll] * S
113: U (III! *TSS
LI): U [Kill AfUT
813: U [Vll] 'TIH
H13: 0 [Vll| *T£H
013: D [Vll] *VKLY
PI3: 0 [Vll| 'HB3-S
513: 0 (Kill 'HB3-N
El 3: U (Vll] 'VIL!
J14: II [Vll] *ig/L
K14: 0 [Vll] "Ig/D
Lit: D [Vll] *AVG
Hi: D [Vll] *«g/L
ll(: 0 [VII] *Ig/D
OH: D [Vll] *AVG
Pit: 0 [Vl'l] *ig/L
QIC 0. [HI] 'Ig/D
EH: 0 [Vll] *AVC
J15: (PI) D [Vll] 30
IIS: (P3] V [Vll] «IF(0,B15*3.785*J15,* '
LIS: (Pl| 0 [Jill *
HIS: (PI) D [Vll] 3.6
HIS: (P3) 0 [Vll] eiFftBlSmSl^.BlSO.JSStKlS,' '
01S: (PI] 0 [Vll]''
PIS: (PI) U [Vll] 1.1
Q1S: (F3) D [Vll] IIP((B15*P15)>0,B15*3.785*P1S,1 '
115: (PI) U [Vll] '
JIB: (PI) U [Vll] 26
116: (F3| (J (Vll] eiF([B16*JlS)>0,B16*3.785»J16," '
L16: (Pl| U [Vll] *
K16: (PI) U [Vll] 3
H16: (F3) 0 [Vll] eiP((B16*K16)>0,BlS*3.785*lflSf* '
016: (PI) 0 [Vlll -
PIE: (Fl) 0 |V11] 1
Q1S: (P31 U [Vll] «IF{(B16*PI6)>0,B16#3.785*P16,* '
E16: (Fl) 0 [VllI '
J11: (PI) D [Vll] 22.4
117: (F3) U [Vlll eiF((BI7*J17)>0,B17*3.785*JUt* *
LIT: (PI) U (Vll] *
KIT: (PI) D [Vll] 3.2
11?: (F3) 0 [Vll] eiP((BI7»H17)>0,BI7«3.785*K17t* 1
Oil: (PI) 0 [Vlll *
PIT: (PI) V [Vll) 1
QIT: (F3J tf (Vll] «IP((B170,B17#3.7B5«PI7," 1
R17: (PI) U [VII] *
J18: (Fl) U [Vll] 2M
-------
118: (F3) (f [Vil| eiF((BIg»Jlt|>0fBlS*3.785i;i2,' ')
L18: (Fl| D [Hill '
HIS: (Fl) V [VU] 3
H18: (FJ) U [Hill «IF[)>01818*3. 1BS*KU'I
018: (FI) 0 mi] '
PIS: (FI| J frill 1
518: |F3) D 1*11] *
E18: (Fl) D [*11] *
J19: (Fl) tl [Mill '
119: (F3) D [111] «1F((BI9*J1S)>0,B19*3.T85*J19,' ')
L19; (PI) 0 [V1IJ '
HIS: (Fl) 0 [111] 3
BIS: (F3) 0 |fll] gIF^(813»H!9)>M19~J.785»]J19,, ')
019: (Fl) 0 (Vlll '
PIS: (Fl) U {¥111 I
Q19: (F3| 0 [111] 6IF{(B13*P1S)>0,BI9*3.fe5*?ISt* ')
R19: (Fl) U [VII] '
Ml: (Flf 0 [Vll] 65.3
120: (F3) U [*11] §iF((B20*J20)>0,B20t3.735*J20,' *)
L20: (Fl) 0 |«1] *
K20: (Fl) 0 [Vll] 3.4
N20: (F3) D [Vll] 8IF((B20m0)>0,B2O»3.?85«KZ0," ']
02D: (Fl) 0 |Vll] '
P20: (Fl) 0 [Vll) 1
QIC: (F3) 0 [VII] #IF(/B20*P20)»0,B20*3.V85*P20,' *)
£20: (PI| 0 [VllJ '
J21: (FlI U [Vll] 43
121: (P3) 0 [VIII •IF((B!l«JlI|>Q1l21*i.785*J211' 'I
L21: (F2) 0 [Vll] «IF(8SUK(K15..1211>0t«SIfK(C15.t/eSDK(K9S..EI04)," ')
821: (Fl) 0 [Vll] 3.5
HI: (F3) D [Vlll «IFt(B21*H21)>0fB21*3.785*1121,' '|
021: (F2| V [HI] WSDX(S15..)l21)>0,«S0H(N15..S21)/eSl)H(N93..)ll0{},> ')
P21: (Fl) D [Vll] 1
Q21: (F3) U [Vll] «IF((B21*P21|>0tB21*3.?85*P21'I
121: (Fl) D [Vll] £[F(CSi)K(Q15..Q21)>0SIJK(Q15..0,B22*3.T85*J22,9 'I
L22: (Fl) D (Vll) '
ttl: (Fl) 0 [VII] 3
¥22: (F3| 0 [VI1| tIF((fi22*l(22|>ClB22*3.78}*II221> ')
022: (Fl) B [Vll] *
P22: (Fl) U (Vll| I
Q22: (F3) U [Vll] gIF((B22»P22)>0,B22*1.785*P22,* ']
U2: (FI) 0 [VII] *
JZJ: (PI| U [Vll] 19.1
123: (F3) 0 [VIIJ tIF((B23*J23j>M23«.7BitJ23,' ')
L23: (Fl) U (Vll] *
H23: (Fl) D [Vll] 3
H23: (F3) D [Vll] «IF((B2J*K23|>0(B23*3.f!S*U23/ *|
023: (Fl) D [Vll] *
P23: (Fl) 0 (Vll) 2
Q!3: (F3) 17 [Vll] eiF((B23*P231>0,B23»3.?BSm3,a ')
R23: (Fl) 0 [VII] *
J24: (Fl) V [Vlll '
K24: [F3) I] [Vll] ilFl(B24«J24)>0,B2<«3.785»J2<,* *}
lit: (Fl) 0 |V11] *
-------
H2
H2
02
n
«2
E2
m
us
L25
III
HZS
025
P25
Q25
E25
J26
K26
L26
K26
H26
026
P26
<26
£26
J27
127
127
K27
N27
027
P27
Q27
127
J2S
US
m
K2t
m
028
F28
Q28
B2t
m
129
L29
m
829
029
P29
Q29
129
J30
130
L30
K30
N30
2,9
iirUB11*IIU)>l,nitU8M2l,' ')
IIP((B24*P24)>0,B24*3.T85*P24," ')
A
43
eiF((B254J251>0,B2S*3.78S«J2S,' *1
2.8
32
!rF((B26*J26)>0,825*3.785*128,' f|
3
#IP((B26»H26]>0,B26*3.785*H26,* ')
*
1
£IF((B26*P2$)>0,B26*3.785*P26|' ')
»
32.3
«IF({B2?*J11]>0tB27*3 .785*J27')
A
3.2
8IF((B27*K27|>0,B27*3.785 *1127," ')
*
1
6rF((B27*P27]>0,B2?»3.785#P27,' ')
32.1
«IP<{623*/23)>0,323 *3.7B5*J28," ')
!rF(eSDK(m..I28))0,esUH{S22..I2!)/eSUK(I10S..Klli),t *)
3.1
HF[(B28«K28]>0,B28*3.785*K28,' 'I
eiF(eSOH(N22..H29)>Ol«SDH(N22..H28)/eSDK(H105..Hlll)lf ')
1
8IF{(B284P28|>0,B28*3.78S*P28,* *|
(IF((SDH(Q22..Q28)>0,eSl]H(Q22..Q28|/8S[FK(Q105..Qlllj,' ')
44.6
8IP((B29*J29)>0,829*3.785*J29," ")
A
4
iIP((B29*H29|>0,B29*3.785*H29,* ')
*
I
tIP((B29*P29|>0,B29*3,785*P29,' ')
•
33.5
HFaBSWlOlXUSOIS^SWO,' *)
«
2.4
fIF((B30
-------
(J (HI) •
i] mu i
o mi) *
0 (Kill '
U fVll] 32.1
0 [Vll] eiF((B31«J31J>0,B31*3.7a5#J3],' '}
0 (*11J '
D (Vll) 3.4
0 [Vll] eiF((B3lWll>0,B31*3.185*1(31,' *|
D [fill *
D [Vli1 2.1
0 [Jill iIF((B31*P31J>0,B31*3.785*P31,* ')
0 [111] *
D [Vll] 3$
fl [VIII *j
0 [fill *
0 [fll] 4.5
D [fll] «IF((B32*1T32)>0,B32«3.785*H32,1 ')
U [fll] '
0 [fll] 2
0 [fll] 8IF{(B32*F32j>0,B32*3.785*F32lt ')
U [fll] *
U [Vll] 22
U [Vll] eiF((B33*J33)>0,B33*3.?85*J33l* ']
U [fll] *
0 IV11) 5.5
D [Vll] eiF((B33tH33)>0>B33'3.T85m3,' ']
0 [Vlll '
0 [Vll] 2
0 [Vlll eiF((B33*P33)>0,B33*3.785*P33,' ')
b mu *
0 [Vll] 23.4
0 [Vll] ^IF((B3(*J34)>0,B3t*3.7B5*J341' ')
0 [Vll] *
0 [Vll] 4.3
0 [fill '
D [Vll] *
[Vll] 2
0 [fll] «IP((B34*P34}>0,B34*3.J85*P3V *]
0 [VII] *
U [VII] 23.2
0 [Vll] 8rF([B35*J3S))0,B35*3.785^35,' "1
[Vll] eiF(eSDK(I29..t3S)>0,eSDH(t29..t35)/«SUH(K112..I118]1' *1
[Vll] 2.2
[fll] «IF((B35*H3S]>0,B35*3.785*K35,* ')
[Vll] eiF(#SDH(H29..W3£])0,§SDH(H29..H35)/«SUH(N112..H118)')
[Vll] 2
[Vll] mtlBSS^SliG.BSS^.TSStPSS,' ')
[Vll] HP(«SOH(Q29..q35]>018SOH(Q29..QJ5|/eSOK(Ut2..Q118|/ 'I
[Vll] 43.5
[fill SIF((B36*JT3fi')
[VIIJ *
1*11] 3.2
[Vll) eiF((BJ6»H3{|>0,B3«*3.785*1(36,* ']
[fill '
[Vll] 2
-------
QJ6:
0 (III] MP((B3S*P3S)>0,836*3.785^36/ ')
R3S:
1) [Vll| •
J37;
0 [VII] 35.6
137:
U {Vll] §IP((B37*J37)>0,B37*J.785*J37,* ')
L37:
o rnij •
H37:
0 [Vll] 4.5
»T:
0 (111] 8IF((B37*H37)>0,B37*3.785*1{37,' *|
0)7:
0 flflli •
PJT:
D (Vll) 1
Q37:
0 [Vll] eiF((B31tp3T)>0,B37*3.T8S»P3?,a ']
837:
0 [*11] *
J38:
U (Vll] 31
C38:
0 (111] erP((B38*J38|>t>tB3S*3.T85*J3Br" *|
L38:
0 (¥11] •
H38:
0 1 Vll] 4.3
1)38:
U (Vll] irP((B38*li39)>0,B38*3.785*K38,' *|
038:
0 (Vll] '
F38:
U |V11] 2
Q38:
0 [Vll] IIF[(B38*P38)>0,B38*3.785*P38,' ']
£38:
0 (Vll] •
J39:
U [Vll] 22
S39:
0 [Vll] IIF((B39*J39)>0tB39*3.785*J39(' ')
L39:
D [Vll] '
K39:
0 [Vll] 3.-3
H39:
0 [Vll] !IF((B3W39]>0,B39*3.785*1(39,' ']
039:
a (Vll] '
P39:
0 [Vll] 1
Q39:
0 [Vlll 8rF((B39*P39)>0lB39*3.785*P39,> '}
R39:
0 [Vll] *
J40:
0 .[Vll] 20
K40:
D [Vll] tIP((B40*J40)>0,B40*3.785*J40,' ')
L4Q:
J [HI] *
K40:
0 [Vll] 3.2
Hi 0:
V (Vll] CIP((B4O*K4D)>DIB40*3JJ85*H40,' ')
040:
II [Vll] *
P40:
0 [Vll] 3.2
<240:
0 IV11] HP((B4D*P40]>0,B40*3.785*P40,' ')
S40:
(J (Vll] *
J4I:
0 [Vll] 34
141:
D [Vll] BIP((B41*J(1)>0,B41*3.785*J41,' ')
HI:
0 [Vll] *
HI:
D [VII] 3.1
H41:
D [Vll] *
0(1:
U [VII] *
P41:
U [Vll] 1.2
Q41:
U [Vll] 6IP((B41*P41)>OlB41*3.785*P41,' ')
>41:
0 [Vll] '
J4Z:
U [Vll] 19
142:
U [Vll] 81F((B42*J42)>0,B42*3.785*J42,' ')
L42:
0 [Vll] (IP(8SDK(136..K42))0,ISOII(K36..[42}/8SO){(I119..KI25),' '
K42:
D [Vll] 3
V42:
0 [Vll] GIF((B42*H(2]>0,B42*3.785*H42|' ')
042:
D (Vll] «IP(SSDI4(H3E..1442)>0,0SUK(H3G.)/SS0tf(Hl 15..K125],' '
P42:
0 [Vll] 2.2
0,B42*3.T85*P42,' ']
E42:
U [VII] 8IF(«S0H(Q36..Q(2|>G,mK(q3E..Q(2|/esUi((«llS.^I25),' '
-------
/43: (Pi) 0 [fill *
143: (F3) 0 [Kill eiF((BU*J43)>01B43*3.785*J43,* ')
L43: (PI | II 1*11] *
V43: (PI) 0 (¥11} '
1143: (P3j 0 (tflt) «rF((BF<3*H<3)>C,E<3*3.735»tf43t* ')
013: (PI) 0 (Kill *
m-. (pi) o mil i
«3: (P3) U |H1] 0IP((B43*PI3))OfB43*3.785*PI3t* ')
£43: (PI) D [VII] '
J44: (PI) 0 [*11) *
144: (P3) D [VII} tIP((B44»J44)>0,B44*3.T85»J44')
144: (PI) 0.1*11) *
H44: (PI) U [Vllj *
N44: (F3) 0 [111] «IP((BP44*lf44)>01B44*3.785*ir44la ')
044: (Fl) 0 [VII] *
P44: (PI) If (Vll) 1
Q44: (F3) U [Vll] eiP((B44*P44)>QtB44*3.78S*P44t" ')
£44: (Fl) (I [VIIJ *
J4S: (Fl) 0 (VII) *
145: (F3) U (Vll) MP({B45*J45)>0,B45U.785*J45,' ')
L45: (PI) 0 [Vll] *
K45: (Fl) U [Vll] *
H45: (F3) J [fill €IF({BF45*V4$B45*3.r85*V45,' ')
045: (F!) U [Vll] *
P45: (Fl) U [Vll] 0.7
$45: (F3) U [Vll] MF((B45W5)>0,B4$t3.785*P<5,' ")
145: (Fl) 0 [Vlli '
J<7: (F3) 0 (Vll) €IP(eSUK(J15..J45)>0,eS0M(J15..J451fj
K47: (P3) U [Vll) «IP(tSDK(Il^..I4^)>OliSDH(il5..I45),, ')
147: (P3) 17 [Vll] HP(«$IW[t]5,145]>0,«$M(Lli..l,45|1' ')
K47: (P3) U [Vll] «IF(eS0lf(K15..H4S}>0,«SUK(K15..K45}/ ')
H47: (F3) D [Vll] tIPM{K15..K45)>DieSUK(H15..1l45),> ')
047: (FJ] U [Vll] tIP(IS0H(01S..045)>0teSDX(015..045|/ ']
P47: (F3) 0 [Vll| CIP(IS0k[P15..P45)>OreSOM(PlS..P45)')
Wi (F3) U [Vll] eiP(esUK(QlS..Q(5}>0,eS(Tir(QI5..Q45^" ')
147: (F3) 0 [Vll] «IF(«SOK(BU..R45)>Ot«SUK(R15..E45)')
J48: (F3) 0 [Vll] CIF(eSOH(J15..J45)>D,(IUHIllD(iSmi(J15.J45)/«SDKU98..m8],3
148: (F3) U [Vll) eiP(ISUIf(ll5..K45))D)l]l01IHD((S01((ll5..I45)/tSilK(K9e..K12S|-|3
L48: (P3) U [Vll] «IP(ISW(LI5..L45]>0,«S0DHD(«SDI[(L15..L45)/«SUH(L9i..U28),3
M48: (P3| 0 [VII] eiP(IS(Ff[(f[I$..V45)>0,«iiaUHO(fStn[(K15..K45)/IS!)i((V98..K]28),3
H48: (F3) 0 [VII] «IF(eS0K(H15..N45)>OieBOOND(eSOH(HI5..N45)/«Sini(H98..H128),3
048: (F3) 0 [Vll] eiF(eSDH(01S..O45)>0reBODKD(iSDH(O15..045)/eSUK(09S..0128),3
P48: (F3) U [Vll] eiP(eSUX(P15..P4S)>0,eaOOHD(«SOH(P15..P45)/«SUH(P98..P128}t3
Q48: (P3) D [Vll] «IP(ISUK(Q15..Q45)>0,eiODRD(«SIIX(Q15..Q45)/8SOX(Q98..Qm|t3
M: (F3) D [VII] eiF(«S0V(E15..R45)>0,eR0VHD(iS0l((ai5..R45)/eS0M(R98..R128),3
J49: (Fl) 0 [Vll] eiF(gXU(m..J45)>0,eHn(Jl$..J45)t' ')
149: (Fl) U [Vll] erF(gUZ(ll5..I4S]>0,ilfAX(Il$..[4;),> *)
[>43: (Fl) I) [Vll] «IF(mX(L15..L4S)>0,mi(L15..L45),1 ')
849: (Fl) D [Vll] SIF(gVAZ(K15..V45)>0»eVAZ(VI5..V45),a ')
N49: (Fl) 0 [VII] eiF(eKAl(HI5..H45]>0,mi(H15..Bi5)," ')
049: (Fl) 0 (Vll] IIF(HUX(015..045]>0,tM(Ol5..045)," ']
P49: (PI| 0 [Vll] eiF(im(P15..P45)>0,«IMX(PI5..P45)la ')
Q49: (Fl) U [Vll] eiFMQI5..Q45)>0,ei(AI(Ql5..Q45)la ')
B49: (Fl) U [Vll] erF(eKAX(R15..R45)>0,«MAX(R15..R45)ra ')
J50: (Fl) U [VII1 0[F(8MIK(J56..J85)<1000000,fHIN(J56..J86],' ']
150: (Fl) D [Vll] 8IP(tHIN(S56..186)
-------
L50: (Fl| 0 (Vll) €IF(8KIN(L56..[.86|< 1000000, IKHf(L56,.186),
HSO: (F1J 0 [Vll| IIF(MIUK5«..lf85|<100fl00O,tlW(K56..Mj,
W50: (fi| o [rni m(mmnss..m)M,tm0S6...OMI,
P50: (Plf V (ml $IF(MN(P5«..P86)
-------
S12: 0 [¥ll] '
1112: V [¥11] 'TP
VIZ: II [mi ' PBCAL
¥12: 0 (¥151 * FECAL
S13: 0 [¥11) "TP
T1J: U [¥11) *TP
fflJ: V [¥111 'KIT
VI3: U [¥191 'COUPON!
¥13: Q [¥15] ' LOG VALQB
S14: V [¥11] 'ag/L
TH: U [Vll] 'Kg/D
Gl<: If [fill 'iVO
Vl(: V [¥1S] "COLOKIRS/lOO si
Ml: D [¥]{] ' (0 IF THE 1/1000 IS 0)
SIS: (PI) V [¥11] 0.5
T15: (PJ| O [Vll1 '
015: (PI) U (¥11] '
V15: (PI) D [¥1S] 0
1/15: .0 mi} IIP(VS8-D,' \8IF(M=M,8LOG(V15)))
SI6: (PI| 0 [¥11] 0.1
T16: (Pi) 0 [¥11] £IP((B16*S16|>Q,BIS*J..?8S*S16,' '|
U16: (PI) II [¥11] *
V16: (PI) 0 [¥19} 1
¥16: U [¥15J t[P(W:0,' ,,8IP(VI«--M1«L0G(m)}|
S17: (PI) 0 (¥111 0.6
T17: (P3) U [¥11] eiF((BlT*S17)>0,B17*3.T85*sn,* '|
017: (PI) 0 [¥11] *
V17: (PI) U [¥19] 21
¥17: 0 [¥15] eiF(?100=0,* ,,«IP(Vlf:(l,0,gLOS(n7|||
SIS: (PI) 0 [¥11] '
Tli: (P3) 0 {¥11] eiP((B13*S18)>0,B18«3.785*S18/ ')
018: (Pl| 0 [Vll] '
VI8: (PI) 0 [VIS] 200
¥11: 0 [¥15] eiPfVlOlsO," VIP(V1M,0,81QG(V18|||
SI9: (PI) U [Vll] 0.8
TI9: (F3| D [¥11] trF((B19»S19)>MlJ«.7«5»SlV ')
019: (PI) 0 [¥11] '
V19: (PI) II [VIS] 23
¥19: 0 [V15] tIP(V102=0,' ateiF(V19=OrOteLOG(V19))}
S20: (PI] V [¥11] 0.9
T20: (P3) 0 [¥111 eiP((B20*S20))OlB20U.785»S20l' ')
020: (PI) 0 [¥11] '
V20: (PI) 0 [¥19] *
¥20: 0 [VIS] €IP(V103=0p* MIP(V20=0,0(ILOC(V20)))
S21: (PI) U (¥11] '
T2I: (F3) 0 [¥11] eiF((B21*S2I)>0,B21'3.785tS2I,' ')
021: (P2) 0 (¥11] (IP(«SOK(T15..T21))0,eSUIl(T15..T21}/«S0K(T9i..T104|lI ')
V21: (PI) 0 [¥19] *
¥21: 0 [V15] eiF(V10<:0,' ',eiP(V21:0,0,«LOG(V21)))
£22: (PI) U [¥11] 2.1
T22: (F3] If (¥111 «IF((B22*S22)>0fB22#3.T85#S22,* *)
022: (Pi) 0 [Vll] '
V22: (PI) 0 [¥19] *
¥22: I) [¥1.5] «IF(V105s0," ,,HF(V22sO,018LOG(V22||)
S23: (PI) U (Vll) 2.2
T23: (F3| 0 (VII] «IP((B23»S23)>0tB23*3.785*S23,' *)
-------
023: (Fl) 0 fVlll '
V23: (Fl) 0 [V19], *
¥23: 0 [VISJ iIF(V106=0," ,,«IF(V23--0I0ieLOG(V2J))l
$24: (PI) B 1911] 3.2
T24: (F3) D (Vll) ^IF((B2<)>0,B24*3.78S*S24,* ')
024: (Fl] 0 {Vll] '
724: (Fl] 0 [VIS] '
¥24: 0 (V15] tIP(?107=0,* '1§IF{V24sO,0,8DOC(V24j]l
S25: (Fl) 0 [til] 1.4
T25: (F3] 0 |V11] gIP((B25*S2S)>0lB25*3.T85*S25l, ')
025: (Fl) 0 [Vll] '
V25: (Fl] 0 [V19] 4
¥25: 0 [VIS] «rP(V108=0,* ¦,eiP(V25=0p0rtL0C(V25))]
S26: (Fl] 0 [Vll] '
T2E: (F3| 0 [Vll] «IF((B26*SZ6)>0,B26*3.T8S*S261a '1
026: (Fl) 0 [Vll] '
V26: (Fl) 0 [V19| 14
¥2S: 0 [V15] eiF(V109:0,' >,tIF(V26:0,Dl«LOG(V2t))}
S27: (Fl) D [Vll] 3.3
127: (FJ] 0 [Vll] !IF((B27*S27)>OfB27*3.785*527,* ")
027: (Fl] 0 [Vll] '
W: (Fl) 0 [V1SI 56
¥27: 0 [*15] tIF(V110=0,a *,IIP(V27=0,0,eLOG(V27))J
S2B: (Fl) 0 [Vll] '
T28: (F3) 0 [Vll] eiP((B28*S28)>0,628*3.785*528,* ']
028: (F2| U [Vll] eiF(eSQH(T22..T28]>0,fSUV(T22..TZB)/«SUK(T1Q5..Till),1 *)
V28: (Fl] 0 [V19] 77
¥28: I) |H5] lIFlyillsO,* \8IF(V28:0,0,!LOG(V2i}))
S29: (Fl] 0 [Vll] 2.2
T29: (F3] 0 [Vll] «1P((B29*S29)>0,B29*3.785*S29,* *|
029: (Fl) U [Vll] '
V29: (Fl) U [V19] 100
¥29: 0 [V15J irF*VU2=0»* *,8IF(V29=010,«LOG(V29)]|
S30: (Fl) 0 [Vll] 3.3
T30: (F3) 0 [Vll] eiF((B30*S30)>0tB30*3.78S*S30t' *)
030: (Fl) 0 [VllI *
¥30: (Fl) 0 [V19] 1000
¥30: 0 [V15] eiF(V113=0,' *feiP(V30-0,0,«LOG(V30])|
S31: (Fl) 0 [Vll] 4.4
T31: (F3) 0 [Vll] 8IF((B31*S31)>0tB31*3.78S*S31t* ']
031: (PI) 0 [VIIJ *
V31: (Fl) V [VIS] 1000
V31: 0 [VIS] eiP[V114=0," *teiF(V31=0,0,CL0G(V31)))
532: (Fl) 0 [Vll] 4.4
T32: (Fl) 0 [VII] «IF((B32*S32]>0tB32*3.785*S32,* ')
U32: (PI) V [Vll] '
VJ2: (Fl) 0 (¥19] 123
V32: D [VIS] «IP(V115=0," ",«IF(V32=0)0,eiOG(V32)])
S33: (Pi| 0 [Vll] 4.3
T33: (F3) 0 [Vll] «IF((B33*S33)>0,B33*3.T85*S33,S ']
033: (PI| 0 [Vll] '
VJ3: (PI) II (¥19} 34
V33: 11 [VIS] eiF(VU6:0,' ',«IF(V33=0T0,eLOG(V33)I)
S34: (Fl) 0 [Vll] 2.2
T34: (F3) U (¥11) gIF((B34*S34)>0,B34*3.785*534,' ')
034: (Fl) U (¥111 *
-------
V34: (PI) U |*19) *
¥34: U (VIS] IIF(Vin:0,' >l(IF(VJf=0,Ol!LOG(V34]])
S35: (Fl| U (VllJ 2.1
T35: (P3) II [tfll] ®IP((B35*S35)>0,B35*3.T85*S35,-* ')
035: (PI) (I [Vll] tIF(CS0K(T29..T3j)>0,(Sra(T2}..T3S)/SSDV(T112..T118)t> *)
V3S: (PI) 0 (if 19) *
V35: 0 (VIS) eiP(Vll8=0,' ,IIIF(V35=010,«LOG(VJ5|)]
S36: (Pl| 0 [tfll] 2.2
T36: (P3) D (Vll] «rP((B36#S36]>0,B3e*3.T85*S36,' ')
036: (Fl) 0 (IfilJ *
V36: (PI) 0 (W19] *
*36: U (VIS) «rF(VH9=0," 1 ,^rF(V36=0,01«LOG(V36)))
S37: (PI) 0 (VII] 3.3
T37: (P3| D (111] iIP((B37*S37)>0,B37*3.?85*S37,, ')
03T: (PI) D 1*11] '
V37: (PI) U [V19] 6
¥37: D |*15] eiPtVlZOsO,' "lHP(V37=O,0,«LOG(V37))|
S38: (PI) 0 (VII) 2
T38: (F3) V {¥11] «IF({838*S3S)>0tS38*3.785*S3Sl' ')
U38: (PI) V (¥11) *
V38: (Fl) 0 (¥19) 1
*38: II (*15) tlPfVlZliO,* \m(V38:OlOl*LOG(m|||
S39: (PI) U (Vll) 2
M9: (F3) (J (111] MP((B39*S39)>«fM$«. W*«V ')
D39: (PI) B [¥11j '
V39: (PI) U [*19] 0
*39: U (*151 «IP(V122=0,* ,,«IF(739=OlO,tlOG(V39))|
S40: (Fl) U [Vll] 1
M: (F3| 0 iril] !rF((6<0W0|>fi,B«»3.78i#S<0,* ')
DIO: (Fl) U !*11J *
V40: (PI) U (¥19} *
*40: U [*15] tIF(V123=0," "l«IF(V40:0t0t«LOG(V4O||)
841: (PI| U [Vll] 1.2
HI: (P3| 0 (fill ^IF((B41*S41)>II,B^1*J•785*S^1,, 'I
IM1: (Fl) U [Vll] *
V41: (PI) U [V19] 45
¥41: U [¥15] IIP(V124=0,* B,IIF(¥41=010,eL0G{V41)]]
S42: (Fl) V [¥11] 3.2
T4Z: (F3) V (¥11] «IF((B42»S42]>0,842*3.785W2,* ')
1)12: (F2) II [¥11] 8IF(eSUK(T36..T42)>0ieSOl(T36..T(2)/tSUH(T119..T125)>' ')
V42: (PI) U [¥19] 65
*42: U [V15] «IP(V1£5=0,* 1t«IF(V42=0,0t«LOC{V42} 1)
S43: (Fl) U [Vll] 3.4
T43: (F3) If [Vll] eiP((B43*S43]>0,B43»3.785*813,' ')
043: (Fl) 0 [¥11] *
V43: (FI) U [¥19] 88
V43: U [*15] «IP(V12G=0,* MlF(V43:0,0,tlOG(V43]])
S44: (Fl) U [Vll] 2
T44: (P3) II [Vll] 8IP((B44*S44]>0,B44*3.T85*S44," ']
U44: (Fl) V [Vll] '
V44: (Fl| 0 [¥19] "
¥44: D (¥15] ftIP(V127=0,* ,1iIF(V44=0,Ol8LOG(V44))]
S45: (PI| 0 [¥11] 2
745: (F3) U [¥11] erP((B45*S45)>0tB45#3.785»S45t* ')
U45: (Fl) 0 J*U) '
V45: (Fl) U 1*19] *
-------
VI5: U [Vli] eiP(V128=0,* \HF(H5:0,Ot«LOC(W]|]
S47: (P3) II (Mill M(iStIK(SlS..Si5)>0,tSWS15..S4S),' ¦}
w: (F3) u mil eiF(esoif(Ti5..ws>>i)1esyif(Tii..m)f"')
Wf: (Fll V 11/11} eiF/*Ml$.J(S)>0l*5IUf(O15..UM)ta ')
VI7: (M) 0 [*19] fiIF<8SUK(V15-.V45)>0,ISOS[¥15«.¥ii]')
VI7: I) INS] 'SUM OF LOG VALUES
SIB: (F3) D |*11) eiFUSDl((SlS..S4$)>OlIBODIIIII(SDIt(Sli..S4S]/SSDK(S9S..S128),)]1> ')
T48: (FJ) U [¥11] «IF(ISOH(T16..TU)>0,tlO0HD(SSl)K(T15..T0,ei{AX(SlS..SU],' ']
TI9: (Fl) D [Vll] (IF(8M(TlS..TI5)>0,im(TI5..TI5)1' ')
D49: (Fl) 0 [Vll] IIF(«KU(UlS..OIS)>OlMAI(l)lS.\UU),t ')
VI9: (Fl) 0 [V19] IIF(!HU(VlS..V45)>0,Cm(m..VU|,' ')
SSO: (Fl) 0 (Vll] IIF(8HIH(S56..S86]<1000000,!HIH(S56.,S8E|,' *|
TSO: (Fl] II [Vll] (IF(tHIH(T(6..T861< 1000000,€H[H(r56.,T85],' ']
050: (Fl) U [Hill CIF(eKIK(D56..DS6)<1000000,«IfIlI{U56<.QS6]," ')
V50: (Fl| D IV1J] «IP(eHIN{V56..V86}<10*15,eifIN(V56..V86},* *|
-------
F CALCULATING KIKIKOXS:
L
DO
B
BOD
0
P
DO
DO KILT
0
BOD VKLT
11
D
¦g/Cr
Eg/0 AVG
D
Ig/D AVG
1.00
1.00
S.00
18.93 1000000.00
31.00
117.34 1000000.00
1.10
7.10
5.10
21.23 1000000.00
21.00
112.41 1000000.00
1.20.
7.20
5.20
23.(2 1000000.00
23.40
106.28 1000000.00
1.40
7.00
5.50
29.14 1000000.00
25.80
136.71 1000000.00
1.50
7.10 1000000.00 1000000.00 1000000.00 1000000.00 1000000.00 1000000.00
1.60
6.90
5.70
34.52 1000000.00
66.30
401.51 1000000.00
1 .TO
7.20
5.80
37.32 21.46
44.00
283.12 192.90
1.80
7.00
5.60
38.15 1000000.00
43.10
293.64 1000000.00
1.90
7.40
5.70
40.99 1000000.00
20.00
143.83 1000000.00
2.00
7.00
5.80
43.91 1000000.00 1000000.00 1000000.00 1000000.00
1.00
6.90 1000000.00 1009000.00 1000000.00
54.00
204.39 1000000.00
1.20
7.10
6.10
27.71 1000000.00
33.20
150.79 1000000.00
1.30
7.10
6.20
30.51 1000000.00
34.50
169.76 1000000.00
1.40
6.SO
7.00
37.09 36.39
33.20
175.93 189.72
1.60
7.10
7.20
43.60 1000000.00
45.60
276.15 1000000.00
1.10
1.00
5.80
24.15 1000000.00
34.50
143.(4 1000000.00
1.80
6.90
.7.00
47.(9 1000000.00
31.10
225.51 1000000.00
1.90
7.20 1000000.00 1000000.00 1000000.00
34.50.
248.11 1000000.00
2.00
7.10 1000000.00 1000000.00 1000000.00
(6.70
504.92 1000000.00
2.20
7.00
6.80
56.62 1000000.00
34.50
287.28 1000000.00
2.30
6.90
6.50
56.59 45.73
23.20
201.97 269.65
3.10
7.00
6.70
78.61 1000000.00
44.50
522.14 1000000.00
1.10
7.20
6.90
28.73 1000000.00
34.50
143.64 1000000.00
1.20
7.10
7.10
32.25 1000000.00
54.30
246.63 1000000.00
1.30
7.00
7.00
34.44 1000000.00
43.40
213.55 1000000.00
1.40
7.20
6.30
33.38 1000000.00
22.50
119.23 1000000.00
2.20
7.10 lOOOOOO.CO 1000000.00 1000000.00
33.40
278.12 1000000.00
4.00
7.20
5.50
83.27 48.45
22.20
336.11 265.63
2.30
7.30
6.00
52.23 1000000.00 1000000.00 1000000.00 1000000.00
2.60
7.40
5.50
54.13 1000000.00
43.50
428.08 1000000.00
6.70
7.20
6.20
157.23 1000000.00
21.40
593.41 1000000.00
-------
T
S
TSS
TIH
KE3-1'
S
mi
m
YStT
SH3-H
hit
¦«/t
W 0
kW
till
l«/D
AVC
ag/L
i;/D
AVC
3C.00
113.Si
1000000.00
3.60
13.S3
1000000.00
1.10
4.16
10000009
26.00
106.25
1004000.00
3.00
12.43
1000000.00
1.00
4 .IS
immm.d®
11.(C
ttl.11
waaoo.oo
3.20
U.St
1000000.00
1.00
<.5<
1000000.«ff
2-4.80
111.4!
1000000.00
3.00
15.90
1000000.00
1.00
1000000.00
1000000.00
iea:-Dn.iiD
IIIDM O.I'D
ioojsddjo
J.flD
IT.4J
IIMOOMC
IM
S.6E
j woo mi
IS.U
115.46
IflOWO.flO
1.4b
L6.63
l&M&JMJ
l.n
l.tf
lMM0a.U
4 J. 00
2T5.ES
m.ss
3.50
12.51
16.67
1.00
6.43
5.17
I9.BD
119.45
lOOOODO.OO
J.iO
2(1.(4
IO40OO0.OS
2.(0
13.63
1000000.00
19.10
DUG
1000000.00
3.00
21.57
1000000.00
2.00
34.36
1000000.00
muu.n
l&fieMMS
i5Qc;-od>co
1.90
11.95
itoiooo.oo
I.N
IS.14
1009000.DO
a 00
16Z.TE
lomoo.oo
1.10
laatooo.oo
IOOOtfOO.JO
i.oa
1000000.00
1000000.00
32.00
145.34
1000000.00
3.00
13.63
2000000.00
1,00
4.54
H0D0DM0
31-30
W.»
itsmw.w
1,20
iS.Ti
MMM.M
t.Ofl
4.92
:«aoooa.QC
3Z.10
in.it
IfO.fJ
3. Iff
IS.il
is.zs
l.M
S.36
$.85
44.60
270.10
1000000.00
4.00
24.22
1000000.00
1.00
6.06
1000000.00
33.50
rn.w
1WWW.W
2.40
9.S3
MMOUO
1.6ft
iohm.w
32.lt
21S.TO
tomo.oD
3.40
23.16
1000000.00
2.10
14.31
1000000.1)0
39.00
260.47
1000000.00
(.50
32.36
1000000.00
2.00
14.36
1900000,00
11M
166.64
1000000.00
5.50
41.64
1000000.0D
2.00
15.14
1000000.00
13.40
19U5
10M00B.M
4.34
lOOOOQtUO
106OOOO.QO
2.00
(6.(5
[MOOtD.Ot
25.20
201.91
210.30
J.iO
19.15
25.09
2.00
17.41
13.99
(J.JO
£10.41
lomoB.oo
3.20
37.55
UOOOM.OO
2.00
23.47
1000000.00
35. EO
141.22
1000000.01)
l,SD
ia.f4
lOOOW.OO
1.04
(.16
WOOftOMO
31.00
140.80
lOdOQOS.OO
4.30
19.S3
1000000.00
2.00
J.OS
10CCDiD.ro
22,00
m.n
J0O0000.00
3.30
16.24
1000000.00
1.00
4.91
laoooot.oo
10.00
1DS.9E
1000000.00
3.10
16.35
1OMOO0.OQ
l.M
16.So
1008000.00
H.QO
Ml.U
umiu.m
!.U
1MQOOM0
UMOEfOO.O}
1.10
3,55
1000000.00
19.00
2B7.6E
E26.35
3.00
46.42
25.74
2.20
33.31
14.56
IWWM
iwmjp
tmm.ta wwt.to
rnmtM
imw.M
J.M
Ml
1000000.00
HmM.lt
imm.w
wnM.w mmuQ
lflMW® .04
l.M
M4
LOQMQQ.Ot
ICOOOCO.CC
1000000.00
1000500.00 1000000.00
1000000.00
1000000.00
0,70
17.75
1000000.00
-------
TP
FECAL
TP
HILT
COL[FORK
¦f/i
HID m
COLOKIES/lOO al
0.50
1000000.00 1000000.00
0
0.40
1.67 1000000.00
1
0.60
2.73 1000000.00
21
1000(00.00
1000000.00 1000000.00
200
0.80
4.54 1000000.00
23
0.90
5.45 1000000.00
1000000000000000
1000000.00
1000000.00 3.60
1000000000000000
2.10
14.31 1000000.00
1000000000000000
2.20
15.82 1000000.00
1000000000000000
3.20
24.22 1000000.00
1000000000000000
3.40
12.87 1000000.00
4
loomui)
J 000000.00 1000000.00
34
3.13
16.24 1000000.00
56
1000000.00
1000000.00 16.63
77
2.20
13.32 1000000.00
100
3.30
13.74 1000000.00
1000
4.40
29.93 1000000.00
1000
4.40
31.64 1000000.0^
123
4.30
32.55 1000000.00
34
2.20
18.32 1000000.00
1000000000000000
2.10
18.28 22.55
1000000000001000
2.20
25.81 1009000.00
1000000000000000
3.30
13.74 1000000.00
6
2.00
9.08 1000000.00
1
2.00
9.84 1000000.00
0
1.00
5.30 1000000.00
1000000000000000
1.20
9.S3 1000000.00
45
3.20
48.45 17.46
66
3.40
29.60 1000000.00
88
2.00
19.68 1000000.00
1000000000000000
2.00
50.72 1000000.00
1000000000000000
-------
A52: II [V3] *D
852: D [Nil] *F
CS2: U [Will 'CALCULATING HIHKUKS:
E52: 0 (HI) *
AS3; 0 [V3] *A
B5J: D (VU> *L
853: U [*11] '
P53: U [Vll) 'DO
G53: D [Vll] *B
H53: U [1111 *
153: 0 [Vlll 'BOD
A5<: U («] 'T
BS4: U [Vll] '0
C5i: V [Vll] 'p
D54: U (VU| 'DO
E54: (I [Vll] 'DO
F5J: U (¥11| *VIL7
C54: 0 [*11| *0
H54: II [Vll] 'BOD
154: V [Vll] 'VKLI
455: 0 [V3] *B
B55: V [Vll] *V
C55: II [Vll] *B
D55: D [Vll] *«g/L
855: 0 [Vll] *Ig/D
F55: U [Vll] *AVG
655: U [Vll] *D
855: D [Vll] *ig/D
155: 0 [Vll] *AYG
A56: (F01 U [13] I
856: 0 [Vllj tIP(«rSHUHBBfi(91S)=0,1C^,B15
C56: D [Vll] «IP(eiSHU1fBBB(C15]=0
056: (I [1111 8IF(«ISMB88(D15|=0
856: 0 [Vll] eiF(eiS)l8KBS&(E15|:0
P56: U [Vll] fIF(0ISKQHBBfl(F15)=0
G56: 0 [Vll] eiP(tISM8BE(G15)--0
B56: U [Vll] «IF(eiSKUKBBE(H15)=0
156: U [Vll] eiP(eiSHDHBBR(I15):0
A57: (FO) 0 [V3] 2
B57: U [Vll] 8IF(tISHOHBBR(B16|--0
C57: U [VII] f[F(eiSITWBER(C16):0
D57: U [Vll] eiP(eiSHUHBBR(D16]:0
857: 0 [Vll] tIF(§ISNDVBBE(B]6}:0
P57: D [Vll] eiF[eiSHUHBE&(F16):0
G57: II |Vll] «IF(BISHUVBER(G16)=0
H57: V {Vll] eiF(eiS8UXB8E(B16):0
157: I) [Vll] fi[F(BISK0HBEE(I16)=0
A58: (FO) 0 {*3] 3
858: 0 [Vll] !IF(ilSH0KBER(B17|:0
CSS: D [Vll| eiPfeiSMBEBfCHH
058: II [Vll] eiF(t[SN0KBBt(D17]:0
E58: U [Vll] erP(eiSH0KBKR(EIT):0
F58: II [Vll] «IF(eiSHUHBER(F17)=€
G58: II (VI11 8IF(tIS808BEB(G17):0
H58: If [Vll] eiF(eiSN0NBEK(H[7)--0
158: t) [Vll] tIF(8ISHUHBBR(I17|:0
10'6,C15
10*6,015
10'6,BI5
I0*6,F15
10'6,G15
10*6,015
10'6,115
10*6,B16
10*6,C16
10*6,016
10*6,E1E
10*6,F16
10*6,G16
10*6,816
10*6,116
10*6,B17
10*6,C17
10'6,D!T
10*6,BIT
10*6,F17
10*6,G17
10*6,B17
10*6,117
-------
15}: (PO) U |V3] 4
B59: u (viii eip(ersirn(BiaN,io'{t8i8!
C59: U [VII] §[?(8ISHDKBER(C18):0,10*6,CI8)
D59: U [VliJ iIF(tISHDIfB8R(Dli)s0,10*6,018 J
E59: (I |Vil] «IP(«ISKUHBBR(B18)=Ot10'6,ElBt
P59: 0 (Vtl] 8IP(«ISH0KBER(P18|:0,10*6,P18)
CSS: 0 fVll] 8IF(§I5NDHBER(G18]:0,10'6,G18|
B59: D [VII] tIP(®tSHUHBER(H18]=0,lO'E.HJS)
H9: 0 [VII] tlF(itSMBmilS):S,10'l,M)
&60: (PO| il [V3| S
BGO: U [VII] 8IF(MSH0HBBR(B19|M),10*6tB19)
C60: D [VII] eiF|eiSHOHBER(ClS):0,10*6,C19|
DSO: U [Vll] «IF(HS)tDHBER(B19):Ot10*6,D19)
£60: 0 mil tIP(tlSMBER( £19 ):<), 10*6, E19 ]
f60: if [Vll] «IF(«[SHl(HBEE(F13)=0,10*£,F19!
GEO: U [Vll] IIP(GISHOHBBR(GlS|:0,tO*6,G19)
H60: U [Vll] iIP(8ISlHJKBBR(!H 91*0,10*6,819]
160: U [Vll] «IF(«ISMBEB{U9)-.0,10*6,119]
ASl: (FO) II 113] 6
861: 0 [VI]1 «IF(eiSHUHBER(B20)=0,10*6,B20]
C61: U [Vll] «IF(eiSNDKBEB(C20):0,10'6,C20]
D61: U [Vll] «IP(«SMKBER(0201:0,10*6,D20]
E61: II [Vll] 8IF(81SHOHBER(820)=0,10*6,E20)
F61: If [Vll] IIF(fISHOItBBR(F20):0,tO*6,F20|
G61: U [Vll] 8IF(IISH0HBBR(G20)sO,10* 6,G20)
161: If [Vll] 8IF(8ISHUMBBE(B20)=0,10*C,B20J
[61: 0 [Vll] «IF(eiSKUtfBEE(I20)=0,10*6,120)
A62: (FO| D [V3] 1
B62: 0 [Vll] tIF(tISHUKBBR(B21|sO,IO*6,B21|
C62: D [Vll] «IF(CISH1)HBBB(C21)sO,10'6,C21)
D62: 1) [Vll] gIF(eiSHVMBEa(D21):Of10'6tD21)
S62: 0 [Vll] 8IP(8ISHDHBBR(B21)=0,10*6fB21(
F62: 0 [Vll] «IP(«ISIHIHBER(F21)=0,10*6,P21)
G62: U [Vll] tIP(8ISHTOBER(G2lM,lO*6,G21|
062: D (VU| ®IF(tISH0KBER(E211=0,10*6,6211
162: 0 [Vll] eiFieiSWRtUDzO.lO'E.mj
A63: (FO) U 1*3] 8
B63: 0 [VII] eiF(eiSNDHBBB(B22)=0,10*6,B22)
C63: U [Vll] IIF(«ISNDHBER(C22):0,10*6,C22)
063: 0 [Vll] «IF(eiSHDHBER(D22):0,]0*6,D22)
E63: I) [Vll] «rF{e«BER(E22):0l10*6,E22)
F63: U [Vll] eiP(eiSHUHBBR(F22|--0,10*6,F22)
G63: U [Vll] eiF[CISNUKBER(G22]:0,10*6,G22i
BE3: U [Vll] IIF[«ISHOHBER(B22]:0,10:6,B221
163: U [Vll] 8IF(8ISMBKR(I22M,10*6,121)
A6<: (FO) 0 [K] S
B64: U [VII] 8lF(8tSH0KBBR(B23}:0,10*6,B23)
C(4: U [Vll] 8IF(8ISHUHBER(C23]=0,10*6,C23)
D64: 0 [Vll] 8lF(iISIBJI[BBR(D23|=0,10*6,023)
B64: 1) [Vll] 8IF(HSMHBBR(K23)s0,10*6,B23)
P64: U [Vll] 8IF(frSHtflfBER(P23)*0,10*6,F23)
G64: D [VII] 8IP(8ISHO!IB8R(023)=0,10*6tG23)
H64: U [VII] «IF(«ISNOHBER(H23):0I10*6,B23]
164: I) [Vll] «IP(«SHUHBBR([23|=0,10*6,123)
AG5: (PO) II [V3] 10
B65: (I [Vll] 8IF(8ISHlfKBBR(B24|=0,10*6,B24|
-------
CBS: U |V11] etF(g[SHUHBER(C24)=0.10'fi.r.2
-------
871: U [Vlli gIF(«ISHUKBBR(830|=0,10*6,E30]
F71: 0 [VII) gIF(HSSDHBBR(F30)=0,10'6,P30)
€71: 0 [Vlli «IF(eiSHGKBBR(G30):®,10*6,G3&]
B71: U [Vlt) gIF<«ISlf(ilfBBR(B30|=0,I0'6,B30|
171: 0 [Vll] e£F(CISHOHBSa(nO)=0110'6tno]
AT2: (FO) 0 (V3) 17
B72: D [*11] etP(&ISMBER(B31)--0,10'6,B31]
C72: 0 [Vll] SrF{€ISKOHBEE(C31|=0,13-6,C31)
D72: 0 (Vlli BrF(SISKUffBEB(D31 J^O,l0'6fD311
872: U [Vll] (IF(tISM!KS(831 ):0,1 Q'(,E31)
F72: 0 1*111 §IF!!ISNUHBER(F31)=0,10*6,F31]
G!2: II [Vll] eiF(eiSHDHB8B(G31):D,10'6,G31]
E72: U [Vll] 8IF(tISBUKB8R(B311=0,10*6,H31]
172: 0 [Vll] glFfttSMBERlIJl 1=0,10*6,131]
A73: (F8| D [VI| IB
S73: 0 [Vll] !JP(tISMBEB(B32H,10-6,E32j
C73: B [Vll] eiF(BISS08BER(C32):0110'6,C32]
D73: 0 [Vll] &IF(«ISHOHBER(D32J=0f10*6,D32|
873: G [Vll] 8IF(!ISHUHBER(B32)-!)llJ'6tE32|
FT3: 0 [til] eiP(e[SHUHBER(F32]=Q,I0'6,F32)
G73: I) [Vll] §IF(§IS)nJKBRR(G32)=0,10*6,G32)
H73: I! [Vll] gIF(gISIHilJBER(I32)=0110*6,B32]
173: V [Vll] gIF(gISHDHBBR(I12)=0,10*6,132)
A74: (FO J D [V3] 19
B74: D [Vll] «IF(USMUHBER(B33)=0,10'6tB33}
C74: D [Vll] 8IF(gISJOHBBS(C3))=0,lD*6,C33)
D?4: U [Vll] «IF(«ISHUKB8R[D331=a,10*6,D33)
874: V [Vll] «IF(8ISKDIfBER[E33)=0t10'6,B33|
F74: « [Vll] 8[F(tISRBKBE&(F33|=0,10*6,F33]
C74: C [Vll] gIF(gIS)TOHBER(G33]=0,10*6,G33l
E74: II [Vll] »IF(eiSHUlfBBB(il33)=i)l10*6lE33)
174: U [Vll] gIF(gISHI«BER[I331=0,10*6,133)
A75: (FO] II [V3] 20
B75: D [Vll] g[F(gISKOIlBBR(B34l=0,10*6,834)
C75: U 1*11] gIF(gISHIIIJBBR(C34]=0,10*6,C34|
D75: 0 [Vll] §IF(«ISMBBI(D3(N,10'6,]>34)
875: U [Vll] «IFUISMUKBER(E34):0,10*6,834|
F75: 0 [Vll] 8IF(«IS!tllVBER(F34]:0,10'E,F34)
G7E: II (Vll) «IF(tISHUHBER(G3(]:0,I0'6,G34|
B75: 0[V11] gIF(gISMBBR(B3l)=0,10*6,H34)
175: 0 [Vlli trF(gISHIMER(I34)=0,10'6,I34)
A76: (FO) D 1*3] 21
B76: U [Vlli 8IF(SISKUHBER(B35]=0,10*6,B35)
C7E: B [Vll] gIF( tISMBER(C35)=0,10*6 ,C351
D7(: 0 [Vll] 8[F(IISHUKBER(D35):0,10*6,035)
876: U [Vll] «IF(IIS»OBBBR(835|sO,10*6,835)
F76: 0 [Vll] eiF(IISHUHBER(F65]:0>10A6,F35)
G76: U [Vll] eiF(IISHUKB8R(G35M,10'6,G35)
B76: D [Vll] gIP(gISKDHBER(H35)=0,10*6,B35|
176: 0 [Vll] tIF(tISH0«BER(I35);0,10'6,135)
A77: (FO) 0 [V3] 22
B7J: U [Vlli eiF(tISHUHBER(B36):0,10'6,B36)
C77: U [Vll] IIF(8ISHUI(BER(C36):0,10'61C36)
D77: U [Vll) CIF(8ISMDtlBB&(D36):0,10*6,D36)
B77: If [Vlt] g[F(IISMKBBR(E35)=0,10*6,E36)
F77: U [Vll) eiF(eiSNUIIBER(F36):0llO*6lF36)
-------
C77: U [mi] 8IP(iISH0MRW"!1c,-ft ,n*e P,M
H77: U [Vll] €lF(€ISHtIMBER(936J=0,10"6,H36)
117: (J [Vll] eiF(eiSmEB([36]:0,10*6,1361
4IE: (PO | U m 23
E?£: 0 [Vll] 0IP(«ISNGtrB8B(B37)sO. 10*6,B37)
C78: U [Vll] eiF(eiSHUKBBB(C37)=0,10*6tC37)
D78: U (Vll] 8IF(!ISinJUBBR[D37)=0,lO*6,D31)
ET8: U |V11] 8IF(tISHUHBER(E37)=0,10*6,E371
F78: U [Vll] ^FdrSMBSafFJfJ-O.lO'fi.PJ?!
GTS: IT (Vll] «IF(HSMBSR(G37):0,10*6,G37|
172: 0 (Vll] «IP(eiSKUtIBBB(H3f)-0t10'6tB37)
178: 0 llll) 8lF(«ISHDHBBR(I31]sD,10*6,131]
A79: (PO) U |V3] 24
B73: U (Vll] «IF(»SKOmB(B38|--0,10'6,B38.
CIS: U [Vll] IIP(eiSHDlIBER{C38}^0,10'B,C38
D79: U [Vll] HP(HSITO]IBBR(D38)=0,10*6,038
E79: U [Vll] 8[F(HSIIUlfBER(E38]=0,10*6,E38
F79: U [Vll] eiFCCISiniKSEB(F3S)=0(10'6,P3S
G79: (I (Vll) eiP(«ISHl/KBBB(G38)-0,10'6,G3fl
B79: 0 [Vll] eiF(HSIMfBER[lI38)=0,10'6,H38
179: 0 LV11] «IF(«ISKDKBER([18)=S,10*6,138
A80: [PO| 0 [V3] 25
B80: 0 [Vll] eiF{tISHin(BBE(B39|:0t10'6,B39)
CBO: 0 (Vll] eiF(eiSRU(C39]:D,10'6,C39]
D80: U (Vll) eiF[«ISMDHBER(D39):0,10'E,039|
E80: U [Vll] eiF((ISNmBER(E39):0,10'E,E39)
F80: 0 [Vll] 8IF(8ISHUHBEB(F39]:0f10*6,P39)
G80: U [Vll] «IF(«ISHOVBES(G39):0,10'6,G39)
180: (/ [V1IJ UPliIttmn(US)sl),M,UII
180: U [Vll] HF|iISHOHBER[I39)sO, 10*5,139)
181: (PO) 0 [V3] 26
B81: U [Vll] «IF(eiSHDHBBE(B40hOt10'6tB40)
C81: U [Vll] fCF(eiSNOXBER(C40)=OilO*G,C<0|
D81: U [Vll] 81F(8ISHOMBER(D40):0#10*6,D40)
E81: U [Vll] 8[F(81SHOKBER(E40|=0,10*6,E40)
F81: D [Vll] eiF(IISH0VBES(FI():0,10'6,F40)
G81: U [Vll] 8IF(8[SMBER(G40)=0,10'6,G40|
181: (f [Vll] erF(«ISMBgfi(m}:O,lO*f,lM0}
181: U [Vll] «[F(8ISHUHBER(140):0, 10*6,HO)
A82: (FO) 0 [V3] 27
B82: U [Vll] tIP(QISHQHBER(B41)=0,10*6,B41)
CS2: U |VU] «IP(8ISHDHBER(C4lM,10*6,C41)
082: U [Vll] erF(«ISHOf(BER(D41)^Ot10*6pD41)
E82: U [Vll] SIP(eiSNUKBBB[E41)-0110'6,E41)
F82: 0 [Vll] •IF(eiSNUMBER(P4i)s0l10'6tF41)
G82: 0 [Vll] tIF(8ISNOHBER(G4l):O,10*E,G41)
332: U [Vll] «rF(eiSHlffrBER(H41}=0t!0'fi,fi4l!
182: 0 [Vlll SIP(€ISN0HBER(£41 J=0(10*C»I41)
46J: (FO] 0 [V3] 28
B83: U [Vll] 8IF(8ISMBKR(Bt2):0,10*6,B42)
C83: U [Vll] 8IF(!ISMBER(C42):0,10*6,0421
083: U [Vll] 81F(8ISHUVBER(D<2):0,10*6,042)
W: U [Vli] 8IF(g[SWIfBER(B42M,10*6,B42)
F83: 1) [Vll] £IP(8IS]iDMBER(F42):0,10'6,F42)
G83: U IVI1] 8IF(8ISHUHBBR(G42M,10*6,G4Z)
H83: U [Vll] 8IF(8ISHUIIBER(B42):0,10*6,11(2)
-------
SmBER([42):0,m,I<2)
gISHOKB£R(fiB45)
HI)HBER(C(5):0,10"EfC4i)
JISHUHBER(D15)=Q,10* 6,D4 5)
SISN0HBBR(B45)=0l10*6tB45)
«ISMBSB(F(5):0flO'E,M5)
IISmBER(C45).-0,10*6,G45)
«[SKTO(£^)--C,10*6,8J5)
8ISNl)KBER(H51=0,10*6, H5)
-------
IS!: U [Vll| 'TSS
KiJ: U (Vll) *
0S3: d (VII] 'TEH
P51: 0 (Vll] '
R5J: D [Vli] 'DM
J54: 0 fVHJ * S
LSI: 0 [Vll) 'KILT
Kit: 0 (Vll| 'Ml
OM: U fWll) "VILT
P5(: D [Vll] "HHJ-JJ
E54: U [Vll] *mi
JSS: U [Vll] *iill
155: 0 (VIlj 'lift
L55: U (Vll) *AVG
H55: II (Vll) 'till
H55: U [111) *lg/D
055: U fVU] *AVG
PS5: U [III] *ag/L
Q55: U 1*11] "I«/D
S55: 0 (Vll) 'iVS
J56: D [Vll] e[F(eiSH0HBSa[J15i=0t10'6tJH)
156: U [Vll] ilPleiSHOHBBafElSlsO.lO'S.ElS)
LS6: 0 [Vll] g[P(«SlffflfBER
-------
5NIU(BEB(P18):0,IO'6,P18)
eiSUUH8BR(Q]3)--O,10*6,«18)
8ISHDKBBE{Rl8)=0,10*6,R18)
erSWOKBKS(JI9!=0,lC*6,J19|
«ISWUKBER(£1S}:0,10*6,119)
trSHDKBER(LlS):0,10*6,L19)
eiSNMfBgEOflSM.lO'Ml?)
iISHDHBEB(HI91=0,10*6,HI3)
CZSKUKBEE(01S)=0,10'C,01S f
eiSNQKBBR(P191=0»10'6tP!9)
eiSR0iTBBR(Q19 ]=0,10'6tQ191
§LSHUMBGR{K19)=0,10*6,119)
g[SHuyBBa(J20i=e,io*6,J20|
«SlHHB8!l(I20|s0t 10*1,120)
gISKOHBER([>20):0,10*6,120)
8ISHUHBEE(H20)=0,10*6,1i20)
eiSMBSR(H20):Ot10'(t)l20)
#ISNUHBER(020):0,10*6,020)
H(JHBEP.(P20|--C,1C,6,P20)
gIS»UlfBBR(Q20)4,10*6,520)
®ISHUtfBBR(R20]=0,10'*6 ,E20)
iumautiiwwui
8ISHUBBBB(I21):0,10*6,121)
8ISHUKBER(L21)=0,10*6,L2Ij
¦
!ISH0HBEE(K21)=0,10*6,H2l|
8IS1H)KBER(H21 )=0,10*6,H21)
$ISHUMBBR(021]=0,10*6,021)
6ISHUKBBR(P21)=0,10*6,P21]
8ISHDKBER(Q21)sO,10*6,Q21)
8ISMDKBER(E21)-0,10*6,S21)
eiSJTOlfBEB(J22):0,10'M22)
8ISHDIfBBR(R22):0,10*6,122)
HSNUIfBBS(L22)=0,10*6,122)
8ISH(IlfBER(K22|=0,10*6,1122]
8ISNUKBE8(0221-0,10*6,022)
IISIIlflfBER(P221=0,10*6,P22)
IIS!HJKBBR(Q22M,10*6,Q22|
81SHWBBR(R22|=0,1(1*6,R22)
eisvoKBBR(jiM:o,io'(,m)
8IS»OMBBR(I2J|=0,10*6,123)
8ISH1)HBBR|L23)I0,10*6,L23)
«ISHDXBER(li23):0,10'6lH21|
8ISNUHBER(N23)=0,10*6,U2J)
«ISMBKE(023)=0)10*6,023)
IISVDHBER{P23):0,10*6,P23)
!ISHUHBEE(Q23)iO,10*6,523)
tlSHUHBEB(R23)=0,10 * 6,R23)
«ISNOHBBR( J24)=0,10 * E tJ24)
8ISMBBJ(I2<)=0,10*6,124)
IISHUKBER(124)=®, 10*6, L24)
€ISKUKBES(M24)=0,10*6,K2<)
CISN(IHBER(H24 )=0,10*6 ,N24)
([SH(IHBER(024)=0,10*6,024)
VI1
tISHUHBER(P24)=0,I0*6,P24)
-------
Q6S: U fVllj
SHURBER(Q2<1=0,1
865; 0 [Vil]
eiS«OHBER(B24)sO,l
J66: U [Vll)
eiSH(IKBES(J25|--0,l
166: U [Vll]
ei8HDHBKB(I2S):fi,l
L66: U [Vll)
eiSNDHBBB(L25]=0,1
H66; 0 [Vll]
SISNDHBBB(H25]=0,1
K66: 0 [Vll|
«1SHDHB8B(825):0,1
066: U (fill
iISOTKBBE(02S):0,l
P6E: 0 [VU|
tISmHBEE(P251=0,1
Q66: U [Vll]
$ISHBH8ER(Q25)=0,1
166: t! [Vll]
eiSHD»BER(H25)sO,l
J67: 0 [Vll]
«ISHffKBEB(J26)--0,10
167: 1) [VUI
eiSHUHB8B(I2S1=0,10
L67: V [Vll]
8ISKDHBER(L2E)=0,10
H67: V [Vlt]
«rSHDMBEa(H26)=0,10
SS7: tl (VII|
HSMBEBflWM.lO
067: V [Vll]
«tSH(JMBEE(026)=0,I0
P67: D [Vll]
«IS(raHBEE(P26)=0,10
Q67: U (VUj
8ISHUHBEB(Q26|=0,10
E6f: II (Vllj
eiSM6SB(B26):0,10
J68: U [Vll]
ersnm(BEB(J27>otio
168: U [Vll]
eiSHDMB8EU27]:0,10
L68: U [Vll]
«ISHDHBEB(L27)=0,10
K68: 0 fVlli
«ISN0HBEE(«27|=0,10
H68: 0 [Vll]
«r3HOtfBER(H27)=0,10
068: 11 [Vll]
!ISHDKBER(027|=0,10
P68: 11 [Vll]
§ISHDHBBB(P2?)=0,10
Q68: 0 (Vll]
eiSKVKBEB(Q27):0,10
R68: 0 [Vll]
«ISHUKBBR(R27)=Q,10
J69: U [Vll]
«ISNDHBER(J28):0,10
169: V [¥11J
«ISMBBE(I2B)=0,10
L69: D (Vll]
IISNDVBEE(L29):0,10
K69: U [Vll]
g[SH[IKBSR(K28}:0,10
N69: 11 [Vll]
eiSN0HBEB(m|:0,10
069: I! [Vll]
0ISmWBB&(O2B)=Ot 10
P69: 0 (Vll]
tISRBHBES(P28|=0,10
Q69: 0 [VU|
SISHIJHBEB(Q28 )=0,10
R69: D [¥11]
8ISHDHBER(R28|=0,10
J70: U [VI1)
!ISSDHBEE(J29J=0,10
[70: 0 [Vll]
!ISNDHBER(I29)=0,10
L70: 0 [VII]
iISKDVBEB(L29):0,10
K70: U [Vll]
§ISH0HBER(K29|=0,10
tf70: tl (Vll]
iISH0KBEB(H29}=0,10
070: U [Vll]
«OTHBBB(029)=0,10
P70: 11 [Vll]
iISHUHBEB(P29]=0,l0
Q70: U [Vll]
tISHDHBER(Q29|=0,10
H70: I) [Vll]
8ISHUMBBR(R29)=0,10
J71: 1) (Vll]
gISWJHBER(J301=0,10
171: U 1V11]
8ISHUKBEB(Z30)-0,10
L71: 0 [VII]
eiSHOHBER(L30]=0,I0
H71: II |Vll)
?ISNUHBER(KJ0|=0,10
871: II [Vll]
iISBOHBER(H30)=t,10
071: V [Vll]
8ISNUSBBR(030)=0,10
P7I: (1 (VU|
8IS80HBEB(P30|eO,10
Q71: II [VUI
g[SHUHBER(
-------
SHlJKBER(J3l |=0,10*6, J3[|
SHUHBER
=0,10*6,1311
IISNUKBEB
=0,10*6,131)
«ISHDKBES
=0,10*6,1131)
eiSHUKBER
=0,10-6,1131)
6ISHDHBER
=0,10*6,031|
flSBOHBEI
=0,10*6,P31)
tlSMBER
o,io*6,wi
erSMUHBSB
=0,10*6,131)
§ISUDEEBE
=0,10*6,J32|
IISNUKBEB
=0,10*6,132]
IISMBEB
=0,10*6,132)
MSHtfKBERi
=0,10*6,1(32)
eiSHQHBKBI
=0,10*6,832)
eiSVWSEBi
=0,10*6,032)
tlSJNWBERI
=0,10*6,F32]
flSWHBER!
=0,10*6,432)
!
NUMBER!
=0,10*6,E32)
ilSHUHBBRi
=0,10*6,333)
t
eiSHUHBESI
=0,10*6,133)
I
IISNDK8ERI
=0,10*6,L33)
(
eiSHOHBER!
=0,10*6,11331
1
MSNUHBER|
=0,10*6,1133)
«
«ISMHBBR(
=0,10*6,033)
1
«tSffl!HBER(
=0,10*6,P33)
i
&ISHUKBEB.C
=0,10*6,Q33|
«
eiSKUKBERf
=0,10*6,133)
j
8ISWIHBBR(
=0,10*6,JH)
(
eiSHDHBER(
=0,10*6,K34)
«
IIS1)0HBER(
=0,10*6,L3(|
§
IISMDHBERJ
=0,10"6,M4|
8
CISNDHBEHI
=0,10*6,1)34]
1
8ISHUKBER(
=0,10*6,034]
!
HSHUKBERf
=0,10*6,£34|
1
(ISHDKBER(
,10*6,Q3<)
!
iISHDHBER(
,10*6,834]
!
-------
L7
SHUHBER(L3<]=0,1
H7
8ISKUHBER(K3?)=Otl
K78
«ISNUHBER(KJ1)=0,1
078
8ISHOHBEE(O37):0,l
P78
«shokber{pj7)=o,i
Q78
8ISHtlHBBE(Q371:0,1
ET8
eiSHUHBER(U7):0,l
J79
«ISHOKBKE(J38|=0,10
179
«ISHUmR(I38|:0,i
LT9
fis(romtt(L38|=o,io
H79
SISfiUKBBR(K38}sO,IO
m
eiM8!(ir38)sO,10
079
«[SHOHBB1(038)=0,IO
P79
«ISHraBEE(P36|=0,10
Q79
8ISHOKBER(Q38)sO,lO
m
8ISNDHBBE(E38)--0,1C
m
«IS(iWB£S(;3S)--0,I0
180
«ISNUtfBEK(E39)-OJO
L80
iISM8ER(L39)=O,l0
KfiO
e»fiES(ll39}:0,10
H80
eiSHOM8ES(K39):0,L0
080
MSMBER(039)=0,10
P80
8ISNUHBES(P33):0,10
980
S80
eisHums(i39):o,io
J81
8ISKOHBBR(J40)=0,1D
18]
8ISN0HBSB(14 0)=0,10
LSI
IISKOH8ER[L40)=0,10
m
§ISHDHBBR(H40):0,10
N81
IISNDHBRR(H40)=0,10
081
#ISW)HBBR(O40)s0,10
P81
«ISHDHBBK(P40]:0,10
1)81
IISNOHBER(Q40):0,10
88]
eiSNDMBER(R1t):0,10
J82
8ISHDHBBB.(J411=0,10
182
8ISH0KBER([4l|sO,IO
L82
«ISHUHBER(L41):0,10
H82
eiSHDKBBH(H41]=0,1D
S82
«ISHOKBER(N(l):OtIO
082
II8Hl)HBER(041):0|10
P82
f>lSHUKBBR(Py ):0,10
Q82
eiSHUHBER(Q41):0,10
B82
«ISHUKBER(R41|:0,10
J83
fISHUKBB&(J42}=0.10
183
IISNUHBER(K42):0,10
183
!ISHOKBBR(L42)sO,10
H83
8ISHDMBER(H42|=0,10
m
CISNOKBER(H42j:O,10
083
eiSHUKBER(04Z]=0tia
P83
HSHU!f8BR{P42)=0,lC
083
SISKOKBER(Q42):0|10
E83
eiSMKBER(R42|:Q,10
m
8[SH(IKBER(J43|:0,10
184
eiSKOXBER
-------
K84: (I [Vll] erPieiSHUMBEiKNU^O.lO'fi.Nfal
084: U (mi| jIP(8ISfflJHBER(04Ji=fl,I(r6,(M3l
P84: U [Vll] «IF(«ISHUHBBR(P<3|=0,10*6,FU)
Q84: U tVH] tIP($IS)IOHB8S(Q43|:0,10'6,QI3l
K84: U [VII] eiF(eiSH(ll(BER(E43):0t10'6lE43)
J85: D [VII] fiIF(8ISHOHB8R(J44):Ol10'6,J44|
I8S: 0 (Kill eiF(8ISma(U4>0,10'6,I44|
L15: 0 [Vll] eiF(eiSNUMB8E(L44):0,10'6,L44|
K85: U [VII] «tF(CIS!IOlfBEIL(K44):0,10'6,K44)
HB5: 0 [Vll] GIF(GISHW(BBIl()(44):0,10*6)N44)
085: D [Vll] §[F(tISHOKBER(044]:0,lC*6,044]
P85: 0 [Vll] eiP(tlSHQHBBRtP44)-0,10'6.P44l
Q85: D [Vll] i[P(eiSMBER(Q44]:0,l{'6,Q44}
185: 0 [Vll] 8IF(8ISHUHBKR(R44]:0,10*E,R(4)
J86: U [Vll] eiF(i«BER(/45):0,ld'6>J45)
186: D [Vll] §IP|glSN!JMR(H5)-0,10*6,B45)
L8E: 0 (Vll] t[P(8ISMJKB8R(L45)*0,10*6,L45)
K86: 0 [VUJ irF(«Ism(V4j)--fflir£,i(45}
N86: (I [VllJ 8IF(8ISKUHBER(H45]rO,IO*S,»45]
086: 0 [Vlll «IF(IISH0KBER(045]:0,10*6,045)
P86: 0 [Vll] grF(trSN0ifBER(P45):O,l(r6,P45)
Q8E: II [Vll] eiF(eiSMBER(Q45):0)10'6lQ45)
R8G: 11 [Vll] 8IF(8ISHtfKBER(R45|:0l(0*{,R45]
-------
S53: 0 [Vlll '
553: 0 |Vll] "TP
V53: 0 [V19] ' FECAL
S54: U [VL1J *TP
054: 0 [Vll] "VILT
V54: 0 [VIS] 'C0LIP0RH
S55: 0 [Vll] "ig/L
T55: 0 (Vll] *lg/D
055: D JW11] "AVC
V55: U (V19] *COLOHIBS/100 il
S56: 0 [Vll] 8IP(MSMifBBB(S15}=0,in,S15|
T56: D [Vll] 8IP(8ISHDKBBB(T15)=0,10*6,T15]
056: U [Vll] eiP(8[SUOIfBBi(O15|=0,10*6,015]
¥56: (PO) 0 [V19] tIP(tISHOHB8E(m]:0,10*15,V15)
SSI: 0 [Vll] HP(8MBBB(S16):0,10*6,S1E)
T57: 0 [Vll] 8IP(«ISR0KBBB(T16)s0,10'6,T16)
057: 0 [Vll] eiFteiSNOHBE&lOlGH.lO'e.Oie]
V57: (PO] 0 fV19] tIF(CISK0HBBB(VI6|-0,10*15,V1£}
S5S: 0 ]VJ1] §IF|eiSHUHBSa(S17)=0,lC-6,S17i
T58: 0 [Vll] S1P(8ISND1IBBR(T1?)sOt 10*6|T17)
058: U [Vll] 8IF(«ISHOMR((I17|:0,10*6,017)
V58: (PO) U [VIS] MP(IISH0IIBBE(V17|=D,10*15,V17)
S59: 0 [Vll] 8IP(8ISHOHBBB(S18)=0,10*6,S18]
T59: 0 [Vll] IIP(!ISHOllBEB(T18)=0f10*6,T18]
059: 0 [Vll] «IP{«SHO!fBBB(OI8}sO, 10*6,018)
V59: (PO) 0 [VIS] HP(«ISMBEB(yi8M,10*15,V18)
SEO: 0 [Vll] «IF(SISHUHBEft(S19)=0,10*6,S19)
T60: 0 [Vll] «rp{«ISKUIT6ER(TI9)=0,10*6,TIS)
060: 0 I Vll] «P(HSMOMBBB|019)=0,10*6,019)
V60: (PO) 0 [VIS] HP(iISH0HBBB(Y19M, 10*15,V19)
S61: U [Vli] eiF(ttSHOKBBK(S2O]:O,IO*6,S20l
Tfil: 0 [Vll] eiF(g»BBB(m):0,10*6,T20)
061: 0 [Vll] gIF(«ISNOHBEB(l)20M,10*6,020)
V6I: (PO) 0 [V19] eiF(eiSMBBB(m):0,10*15,720]
S62: 0 (Vll) !IP(£ISRDifBEE(S21]:Q110*6,S21)
T62: 0 [Vll] tIP(eiSHOKBER(T21):0,I0'6,T2l|
062: 0 [Vll] 8IP(IISH01IBBB(021M,10*6,021)
V62: (PO) II [VIS] «IP(!ISKOKB8R(V2l):0,10*15,V2l|
SS3: 0 (Vll] «IF(«I5MBBB(S22):0,10'6,S22)
T63: 0 [Vll] IIP(IISlllIXBgB(T22):0,10*6,T22)
063: 0 [Vll] 8IF(iISNOKBEB(U22|=0,I0*6,D22|
V63: (FO) 0 [V19] 8IP(IISH0KBBR(V22M,10*15,V22)
SB4: 0 [Vll] eiP(eiSNOHBBR(S23):0110*6lS23)
T64: U [Vll] «IP(8ISHOHBBR(T23)=0,10*6,T23)
064: 0 [Vll] «IF(«ISHOKBEB(O23)=0,10*6,023)
V64: (PO) 0 [VI9] «IP(8ISH0IIBgR(V23):0,10*15,V23|
S65: 0 [Vll] 8IF(8ISNOKBEB(S24):Q,10'6,S24)
T65: 0 [Vll] 8[F(8ISH0KBEB(T24):0,t0*6,T2<)
065: 0 [Vll] 8IP(8ISK0HBEB(024M, 10*6,024)
V65: (PO) 0 [V19] IIP(8ISH0HBBB(V24)s0,10*15,V24)
S66: 0 [Vll] 8[P(81SHOKBEE(S25]:0,10'6,S25|
T66: 0 [Vll] 8IF(eiSmEB(T25)=0,10'6,T25)
066: U [Vll] 8IF(8ISHOHBEJ(O25]:0,10*6,025]
VS6: (PO) 0 [V19] 8[P(8ISK01(BBB{V25)=0,10*15,V25)
SE7: 0 [Vll] 8IP(8ISNOHBKR(S26)=0,10*6,S26)
T67: 0 [Vll] 8IF(8ISNUKBER(T26):0,10*6,T2S|
-------
067: U |H11] gIF(gISH0KBER(U26 N, 10*6,0261
V67: (PO) U [VIS] SIF(iISHO!tBKR(V25)=0,10* 15,V26]
S68: (I [Vll] gIF(gISMBSR(S2?)=0,10*6,S27)
T68: 0 |¥11] e[P(eiSNUifBSB(T2?)=0,10*6,T2?)
U68: 1) [Vll] «[P(«ISNUHBEE(02t):fl, 10*6,1127]
VE8: (PO) 0 [VIS) S£P(^ISH0HBEa(V27)=C,10*15,V27|
SB9: 0 (Vll] tIP(eiSNUmR(S23)=M0XS28]
T69: U (Vll] e[F(CISHUKBER(T28]:0ll(}'(lT23]
069: 0 [VII] gIP{HSMBBll(IJ2e|sO, 10*6,028|
V69: (PO) D [V19] eiP(8ISNBKBER(Y28):0,10*15,V28]
S70: D [Vll] «IF(!ISME(S29):0,10*6,S29]
Tffl: If [Vll] «F(«rSlf(HfBER(T2J]=0,10*6,129]
1)70; U [Vll] 8IF(HSH0KBER(029M,10*6,029]
V70: (FO) 0 [¥19] eiF(«ISHOHBER(T21):0,10*lSlV29]
S71: U [Vll] erF(eiS«S(S]Q]:0,10*M30]
T71: 0 [Vll] HF(eiSN(fKBER(ft0M,10'C,m]
U71: 0 [Vll] gIF(gISH0llBBR(B30)=0, 10*6,030]
V71: (PC) 1/ im «IF(§ISKOHBER(V30)=C,10"15,V30|
S72: 0 [Vll] erF(«ISNDHBSR(S31):0,10*6,S31]
T72: 0 [Vll] «IF(iISinn(BER(T3l):0,10'6,r31)
U72: D (¥11] gIP(gISNU!IBBR(II3lN,10*6,031]
V72: (FO] D 1*19] gIF(8ISN0HBBR(Y31)=0,10*15,V31)
S73: 0 [¥11] tIF(gISHOHBBR(S32M,10*6,S32)
T73: II [Vll] «IF(«rSMBSR(T32]=C,lfl*6,r32]
073: U [*11] gIF(gISNOKBER(032]s0,10*6,032)
V73: (FO) U [V19] gIP(gISH0KBER(Y32)=0,10*15,V32]
S?4: U [Vll] «F(gISMBSR(S33M,10'S,S33}
T74: U [Vll] erF(«ISNUKBES(T33):0,10*6,r33]
U7(: 1) [Vll] iIF(HSH0KBER(033]=0,10*6,0331
V74: (FO) D [IIS) gIF(8ISMBBR(Y33M,10*15,V33)
S75: II [Vll] gIF(gISMBEB(S3lM,10*6,534)
T75: U (¥111 eiF(8ISH0lfBER(T34)=O,10*6,131]
075: D [Vll] tIF(gISH0HBBR(034)=0,10*6,034)
V75: (FO) 0 |V19] 6IF(8ISHOKBBR(V34)=0,10*15,¥34]
S76: 0 [Vll] «IF(eiSN0HBER(S35H,10*6,535)
T76: 0 (Vll] g[F(eiS!illKBER(T35):0,10VJ5)
076: U [¥111 iIP(tISHQHBER(U35]:0,10*6,035]
V7E: (PO) 0 (V19) tIF(8ISNOKBBR(V35]=0,10*15,V35)
S77: It |V11] «IF(8ISPHBBR(S36):0,10*6,S36)
T77: 0 [Vll] &[F(£ISN0KBBR(T36):|}I1Q*6IT36)
077: 0 |V11] «F(«ISHOIBER(O36|s0,10*6,036]
V77: (FO) 0 [V19] HF(HSKOHBBR(V36)=0,10*15,V36)
S78: U (¥11] eiF(tISM!KBBR(S37):0,10*6,S37)
T78: 0 (Vll] tIF(CISKOHBER(T37]:0,10'6,T37)
078: 0 [Vll] eiF(eiSN0HBB£((J37]=0,10*S,037]
V78: (FO] 0 [V19] g[P(8ISMBBR(V37)=0,10*15,737]
S79: 0 [Vll] «IF(iISMBBR(S38]:0,10'6,S38)
T79: 0 (Vll] !If,(«ISNUI(BER(n8j--0,10*SirJ8)
U79: 0 [Vll] 8IF(gISHOHBBR(B381=0,10*6,038]
V79: (PO) 0 [¥15) HP(8ISHOHBER(V38|=0,10*15 J38]
S80: U [Vll] ®IP(tISHDHBER(S39)=0»10*B,S39]
T80: 0 [Vll! 8IF(g[SHOKBRR(H9]=0,10*6,T39)
080: 0 (Vll] gIF(gISMOHBER(039)s0,10*6,039)
V80: (FO) 0 [W\ 8IF(8ISK0IIBBR(V39N,10*15,V39]
S81: tl [Vll] gIF(gISIIUKBEE(S4O):0l10'61S40]
T81: II (¥11) grF(gISHUHBER(T40)-0,10*6,T40)
-------
US]: U (VIII $IP(!ISNUKBER(ll
-------
CALCULATING JION BLANK CSLLS.'DSIKD ISNIHBEJl FOLLOW) B! SHE FUNCTION
D t
i
L
DO
B
BOD
0
p
00
00
VKLT
0
BOD
HIT
B
V
a
ig/L
Eg/D
AVC
D
Ig/D
AVG
1
1.00
l.OO
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
2
1.00
l.OO
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
3
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
hOO
o.oo
4
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
l.OO
0.00
5
1.00
l.OO
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
6
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
l.OO
1.00
0.00
?
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
S
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
9
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
10
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.00
11
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0,00
12
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
l.OO
0.00
13
l.OO
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
14
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
IS
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
]6
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
IT
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
18
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
19
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
l.OO
0.00
20
1.00
l.OO
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
21
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
22
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
23
l.OO
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
24
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
l.OO
1.00
0.00
25
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
26
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
o.oo
1.00
1.00
0.00
27
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
28
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1,00
1.00
29
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
30
l.OO
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
o.oo
31
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
-------
T
s
TSS
TIH
SHJ-H
s
TSS
VKL7
TIN
KLY
MH3-M
VCLT
:/t
Kg/D
m
M/L
Ig/D
AVG
till
Ig/D
AVG
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
I.OO
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
I.OO
1.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00.
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
o.oo
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0,00
I.OO
0.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
i.oo
1.00
0.00
I.OO
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
I.OO
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
o.oo
1.00
I.OO
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
o.oo
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00-
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
¦1.B0
1.00
0.00
I.OO
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
i.oo
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
o.oo
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
I.OO
1.00
o.oo
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
I.OO
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
o.oo
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
-------
IP
FECAL
p
VELT
COLIFORK
/L
Ig/D
Arc
COLONIES/ICO >1
1.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
i.oo
1.00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00,
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
LOO
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
o.oo
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
i.oo
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
l.OD
1,00
0.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
l.OD
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
i.oo
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
l.OD
o.oo
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1,00
1.00-
l.OD
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.00
o.oo
1.00
1.00
0.00
0.00
-------
A90: [V3| 'C/tLCULAriHG KOK BMKZ CELLS:USIM ISMBER FOLLOWED ST SDK FUNCTION
kii: U [V3J 'D
B92: U [Vll] 'F
C92: II (VIII *
S92: U [VII] '
A93: U [V3] 'I
B93: U [VII] 'L
SS3: 0 [VII] '
F9J: U [V11J *DO
G93: U [VIl| *B
HS3: U [Wll] '
193: (J fVll] 'BOD
*94: 11 |V3] *T
B9<: C (VII] '0
C94: 0 fVlI] 'p
D94: 0 [¥11] 'DO
E94: II 1V11] 'DO
F94: 0 [Vll] 'VELT
G94: 0 (Hill '0
H94: B 1*11] 'BOD
194: D (Vll] .'HLT
A95: II |¥3] *E
B95: U [VI1] 'V
C95: II [Vll] 'B
©95: D |V11] '«|/L
E95: U [Vll] 'I*/D
F95: U (VII] *AVG
G95: U [Vll] 'D
695: U [Vll] '10
195: II |Vll] 'm
kit: (FCj 5 [V3] 1
B98: [Vll] CISNUHBBR(B15]
CSS: [Vll] (ISPUIER(CIS)
D98: [Vll] §ISMBBH(D15]
E98: [Vll] «ISHUIfBER{E15]
F98: (Vll] «ISKUHBBE(F15}
G98: (Wll] II SHOWER! CIS]
B98: [Vll] «ISNUHBER(H15)
198: [Vll] «ISMSES(I15]
A99: (FC) 0 [V3] 2
B99: [Vll] eiSHVKBBR(BlE)
C99: [Vll] eiSHOMBER(ClS)
099: (Vll] eiSNUHB8a(D16|
E99: [Vll] eiSHWBER(E16]
F99: [Vll] eiSNVHBER(FlG)
C99: [Vll] (ISIIIII(BER(GIS)
BS9: [Vll] «ISMiSR(B16)
199: [Vll] (ISNUHBBS(I16)
1100: (FOJ II [V3] 3
B100: [Vll] IISHUIfBRR(BIT]
C100: [Vll] 8ISHDKBER[C17)
D100: [Vll] eiSH0HBBR(D17)
El00: [Vlll «ISH0HBER(B1T|
F100: [Vll] gISHUHBRR(FU]
CI00: [Vll] eiS,»UHBBR(Cl?]
R100: [Vll] e[SHUHBBR(H]7)
-------
1100
[Vll1 8ISHUHBER(I17|
A101
(FO) U |IJ) 4
El 01
[Vll] fISNUHBBR(B18)
CIOI
[Vll] eiSHUKBER(C18j
oioi
[Vll] eiSHUHBEB(Dli)
8101
[Vll] IrSNUHBBB(S18)
F101
[VI11 HSMtfBBR(F18|
G101
[Vll] tlffllXUKOlt)
HI 01
[Vll] IISMB8R(B18|
1101
[VII] «ISMIfBBR{ll8)
A102
(P0| 0 [«] 5
B102
[Vll] 8ISHUHBER(B19|
0102
[Vll] eiSHUKBBR(C19|
D102
[Vll] HSMBBR(D19]
E102
[Vllj IISMBER(E19]
F102
[Vll] eiSHUKBER(FlS)
G102
[Vll] «ISHDHBBR(G19)
HI 02
[Vll] eiSNUKBERlHlS)
1102
[Vll] eiSNUKBBR(I19)
AIM
(Ml 0 («] 6
B103
[Vll] 8ISMHBBR(B20|
CI03
[Vll] i«BER(C20j
0103
[Vll] «ISKDXBER(D20]
El 03
[VII] «ISNUtfBER(B20)
F103
[Vll] *[SHUKBER(F20|
G103
[Vll] «ISH(TKBER(G20]
H103
[Vll] IISNUKBEA(H20|
1103
[Vll] gISNUHBBR(I20|
A104
(FO) U [V3] 7
Bt04
[Vll] tISMHBBR(B21|
CI 04
[Vll] 8ISKUHBBR(C21)
D104
[Vll] IISH1IKBBR(D21)
E104
[Vll] gISHDHBBR(E21)
PI 04
[Vll] eiSNUHBBR(F21)
G104
[Vll] !ISKUHBER[G21)
H104
[Vll] eiSMBER(H2l)
1104
[Vll] «ISH0HBBR(I21)
A105
(FO) (I fV3] 8
BIOS
[V1I| IISHMBE8(B22|
C105
[Vll] 8ISK0UBBR(C22|
D105
[Vll] 8ISHUKBBR(D22]
E105
[Vll] «ISN0HBER(B22)
F105
[Vll]' eiSNUKBBR(F22)
G105
[Vll] ttSNUHBBR(G22)
B105
[Vll] HSNUHB8R(H22)
1105
[Vll] tISHUHDBR{I22]
A10E
(FO) U [V3] 9
B106
[Vll] IISN0HBBR(BZ3)
CI 06
[Vll] eiSNUKBBS(C23)
0106
[Vll] IISNUHBER(D23)
E106
[VII] 8ISNUHBER(B23)
P106
[VII] tISHUNBER(F23]
G10E
(Vll| «ISH0KBER(G2!)
B106
[Vll] G[SNUKBBR(E23|
1106
[Vll] fISHU1!BER( 123 ]
A101
(FO) U [V3] 10
-------
8107
[VIIJ «ISNUHBEE(B2<)
C107
(VI11 «ISHUKBEE(C24)
D107
[VII] «ISHUHBBR(D24)
B107
[Vll] IISHUMBBK(E24)
PI 07
[Vll] eiSHUHBBR(F2<|
G107
[Vll] eiSSOKBBB(G24)
8107
[Vll] «ISH(TlfBEK{E2f)
1107
(Vll] eiSN0KBBR(I2<)
M08
(FOi 0 [V3) 11
BIOS
[VII] eiSHUHBBE(B2S|
C108
[Vll] 8ISHDHBER(C25)
Dioe
[Vll] iISHOHBER{D25)
E108
[Vll] C1SHUXBBR(E25)
P108
[Vll] «IS»®HBER(F25]
G108
[Vll] «ISH0VBEB(G2S)
H103
[Vll] 0ISHOEBEE(H2S)
1108
[Vll]- 8ISHOKBEB(I25|
4109
(F0| 0 [V3] 12
El 09
]V11] gISNUHBER(B26)
C109
[Vll] 8ISMBER(C26)
D109
[Vll] eiSHDKBEB(D26)
E109
[Vll] «ISMOHBEB(E26|
F109
[Vll] «ISK(JVBEB(F261
C109
[Vll] IISNOHBER(G26}
H109
[Vll] eiSH0kBEB(H2E|
1109
[Vll] IISH0KBER(I26|
AllO
(FO) 0 |V3] 13
B110
[Vll] 8ISH0HBER1B27)
C110
[Vlll 8ISNOHBER(C27]
DUO
[Vll] tISH(JHBER(Q27|
El 10
[Vll] «ISHIimB(E27]
F110
[Vll] «ISNOHBEB(F27]
G110
[Vll] «ISNDMBBR(G27)
HI 10
[Vll] «ISN0HBEB(B27)
111#
[Vll] IISNUKBER(I27]
Alii
(FO) 0 (¥31 H
BUI
[Vll] §ISHUHBER(B28}
cm
[Vll] 8ISMBER(C28|
Dill
[Vll] 8ISNUKBBR(D28)
Bill
[Vll] iISNDKBER(828)
Pill
[Vll] 8ISHUHBER(F28|
Gill
[Vll] «ISNUHBEB(G28)
Hill
[Vll] €ISKUHBES(E28]
mi
[Vll] tISNUKBER(I28|
AU2
(PO] U [V31 IS
8112
1*11] eiSHOHBER(B29]
C112
[Vll] IISHUHBER[C29)
0112
[Vll] eiSHUHBBR(D29)
El 12
[Vll] eiSMBEB(E29|
F112
[Vll] eiSWKBER(F29|
G112
[Vll] 8ISHDMBER(G29|
HI 12
|VU] eiSHUKBER(H29]
1112
[Vll] 8ISHUHBBR(I29)
4113
(FO) U [V3] 16
BI13
[Vll] eiSNUXBBE(B30]
CI 13
[Vll] «rS(fUHBER(C30)
-------
Dill:
VI
] 8ISmiHBER(D30)
El 13:
] !ISNUHBER(B30]
FI13:
] «ISHVHBES(FIO)
G113:
] §ISHlfKBSB(G30)
B113:
I gISMR(B30|
1111:
*1
) erSK0HBER(I31)i
AIM:
FO
D (Vlj IT
B1H:
] eiSNDM8KR(B31]
C1H:
] IISHDXBEK(C311
Dl»:
] IISHUHBBH(D31)
E1H:
] «ISHUmS(E31|
F1H:
] tISHDHBER(F3l)
G114:
] IISHBHBK£(C31)
fflH:
] 8ISMHBER(B31]
1114:
] iISHUHBER(I31)
AI15:
0 |V3] 18
B11S:
] SISHUKBEB(132)
CI 15:
] eiSND»BER(C32)
Dili:
] «ISHUHBBR(D32)
£115:
] *ISHUKBBR(g32]
PUS:
] «ISHDHBER(T32i
G116:
] «ISHDHBER(G32)
BUS:
] §ISHUKBBR(B32)
1115:
| eiSmBER(I32)
A116:
U [V3] 19
S116:
] iismumim)
CUE:
1 «ISHUHBBR(C33)
D116:
] 8ISH0HBBR(D33)
E11E:
] HSMBBR|B33)
F116:
] SISHDHBEE(P33|
G116:
] iISHQHBER(G33)
E116:
| «ISNQKBBR(H33)
1116:
] IISHIIHBER(I33)
All?:
U [V3] 20
B117 :
] IISNV8BER(B34)
C1I7:
] tISHUHBKR(C3<)
Dll?:
*1
] tISHUIJBEB(D34|
EI17:
¥1
] tISK(IHBER(B34)
F117:
] §ISNUHBBR(P34)
GUT:
] gISHUHBER(G3<)
Ml:
) «ZSNUMBBfi[H34)
111?:
] eiSN0HBBR(I34)
A118:
U [V3] 21
BUS:
] CISHOHBES(B35)
CI 13:
] CIUIM8tt(C35)
D118:
] eiSNI)HBBE(D3S]
B118:
] eiSHDKBBR(B35)
7118:
] «ISHOHBBR(F35)
G118:
] eiSNQKBER(G3Sl
1118:
] 8ISMBBR(B35)
[118:
] 8ISMBBR(I3$)
A119:
0 [V3] 22
B1I9:
| CISHOHBBR(B35)
C119:
| l[SH[fKBBR(C36]
D119:
) eiSNUBBBR{03E]
El 19:
] 8ISNOHBER(E36)
-------
PI 19: fVll] 8ISN0KBB8(P36
0119: [Vll] 8ISHUHBBB|G36
HI19: [Vilj eiSKUHBEB(B36
1119: [Vll] fiISHOHBBR(I36
A120: (P0) 0 [V3] 23
B120: [Vll] eiSlTUHBBa(B31
C120: (VII] tlSRUHBBRfCIT
0120: [VI11 8ISHUMBBR(D3T
E120: [VII] (ISH0BBB1(B3T
F120: [Vll] «ISHOHBBR(P3?
C120: [VII] tISKUKBBB(G3T
9120: [Vll] i[S8DMBEB(83T
1120: [Vll] CISinnrBER(I3l
1121: (PO) 0 [V3] 24
B121: (Vll) erSNDH0EH(B38
C121: fVll] tISMBBR(C18
D121: [Vll] «ISMBBR(D38
EI21: [Vll] e£StrtWBSB(B38
F121: [Vll] IE$N0KBBB[F3B
G121: [Vll] tISHUHBBR(G38
B12I: [VII] GISN0KBBE(H38
1121: [Vll] eiSHUHBER(I38
A122: (FO) U [V3] 25
B122: [Vll] g[SHUHBBE(B39
CI22: [HI] USMBEIKC1S
D122: [Vll] tESHUKBBR(D39
E122: IV11I IISMBEKB39
FI22: (VI1] eiSm(F39
G122: [Vll] (ISMBEB(G39
H122: [Vll] tISSUHBBK(H39
1122: [Vll] eiSH0XBBR(I39
AI23: (PO) 0 [V3] 26
B123: [Vll] IISHOKBBR(B(0
C123: [Vll] HSH0HBBR(C40
DI23: [Vll] eiSHUVBBE(D<0
El23: [Vll] §ISDUHBBR(B40
F123: [VU] 8ISKUHBBE(FI0
G123: [Vll] 8ISH0KBBR(G40
H123: [Vll] §ISNDHBBE(B40
1123: [Vll] «IStfOHBER(I40
A124: (FO) U [V3] 27
B124: [Vll] 6ISH0KBBK(B41
C124: [ VI1 ] 8ISmiKBEB(C41
D124: (Vll| €ISHUMBSR(D41
E124: [Vll] eiSHUKBER(B41
F124: [Vll] eiSHDHBER(P41
G124: [Vll] eiSHDXBER(G41
B124: [Vll] «ISRUHBER(B41
1124: (Vll] eiSRDHBBR(I41
kill: (FO) U [V3] 28
B125: [Vll] «ISHUHBBR(B42
C125: [Vll] «ISNUMBER(C42
D125: [Vll] eiSHUHBBR(D42
El25: [Vll] HSHUHBBR(E42
F125: [Vll] «ISHUVBER(F42
CI25: [Vll] IISMUNBER(G4Z
-------
H125: [Vll] tISNUHBEE(H42]
1125: (Vll] eiSNUHBEE|[42)
A126: (FO) U [V3] 29
0126: [Vll] «ISIHIHBBB(B43]
C126: [Vll] (ISMBB1(C43]
0126: [Vll] «ISHMBEE(D43]
E126: (Vll] eiSNDKBEB(E43i
F126: fVll] eiSNOKBEE(m)
C126: [VII] CI5NUKBBK(G43)
H126: [VII] «ISNOHBBE(H43)
1126: [Vll] fISNUHBSE(I43J
A12T: (FO) U [V3] 30
B12T: [Vll| e«BEl(B4<]
CI 27: [Vll] §ISHUKBEB(C44)
D127: [Vll] tISHDKBBE[DU)
E127: [VIIj 8ISNDVBBE(E<4)
F127: [Vll] tlSMB8&(PHl
G127: [Vll] eiSNOKBEB{644]
H127: [Vll] tISHMBEB(H<4]
1127: [Vll] eiSKirKBEE(I44|
A128: (FO) U [V3] 31
B128: [VI!] «ISNUKBB&(B45]
C128: [Vll] «ISMBBE(C45|
D128: [Vll] HSHUHBEB(D45]
EI28: [Vll] IISKUIfBBE(B45|
F128: [Vll] IISN0HBBB(F45|
G128: [Vll] tISNDXBEE(G45|
HI28: (Vll} 8ISN0HBBI(B45)
1128: [Vll] !ISXUKBBR(H5)
-------
J92: U [«l) * f
K92: U (Kill '
P92: 0 (111) *
J91: 0 (V1I| ' S
L93: 0 (VI 1| 'KS
H93: D [Vll] '
09): 0 [Vll] 'TIN
P91: U [Vll] '
R93: U [Vll] 'HH3-N
JH: U [HI] * S
191: 0 [Vll] *TSS
L94: D [Vll] 'VKL?
>94: U [Vll] 'TIB
094: 0 (Vll] *HLY
P94: D (HI! 'HB3-H
£94: D (Vll] *VKLY
J95: U [Vll] 'm/L
195: 0 [Vll] *Ig/D
L95: 0 ffll] AiVG
K95: U [Vll] 'ng/L
H95: D [111] 'IgfD
095: D [Vll] 'AVG
P95: 0 [Vll] *«g/l
Q95: 0 [Vll] *lg/D
895: U [Vll] 'AVG
J98: [Vll] IISHUKBER(J15]
198: [Vll] eiSNOHBBRUlS)
L98: [Vll| «ISH0KBBR(L'15)
K98: [VI 1[ CrSD0!fBBR{K15)
H98: |Vll] «ISMBER(N15)
OSS: |Vll]gISHDlfBBR(015)
P98: [Vll] IISH0HBER(P15]
Q98: [VUI IISU0HBER(Q15]
R91: [VII] «ISHQUBBR(RIJ]
J99: [Vll] gESN»(J16)
199: [Vll] tlSMBBRUlE)
L99: [Vll] eiSHDHBER(L16)
199: |Vll] glSHUHBBR(Klfi)
1199: [VII] gISH0KBBR{M6)
09$: [Vll] eiSN0HBBR(016)
P99: [Vll] CISNUHBBR(P1(]
(J99: [Vll] «ISHUHBBR(qi6)
199: [Vll] MSMBBR[R16)
J100: [V1I| eiSNUKBERtfl?)
II00: [Vll] CISNUHBBR(K1?)
L100: [Vll] eiSHDIBER(LlT)
HI DO: [Vll] eiSNUHBER(Hlf]
HI DO: [Vll] gISH0HBBR(H1.7|
0100: [Vll] CISNtfKBER(OlT)
P100: [Vll] eiSMBER(PlT)
Q1D0: |Vll] iISHDHBER(Ql?|
R100: 1*11] eiSNOMBBR(RlT|
J101: (Vll] tISNUHBBR(J18]
[101: [VII] eiSHUKBER(E18)
DO]: |Vll) IIS»UXBER(L18)
H101: (Vll] glSNUHBBRlM)
-------
0101:
ilSNUHBER
F101:
eisNUMBsa
filDl:
IlSNUHBBR
R101:
IlSNUHBBR
J102:
IISNDXBBR
1102:
IlSNUHBER
1102:
iisndnm
K102:
eiSKUKBER
H102:
ilSNUHBER
0102:
ilSNUHBER
PI 02:
eiSHUHBER
Q102:
IlSNUHBER
11102:
IISHUHBER
J103:
IlSNUHBER
1103:
ilSNUHBER
L103:
IlSNUHBER
HI 03:
IlSNUHBER
HI 03:
eiSHOHBEG
0103:
IlSNUHBER
P103:
ilSNUHBBR
Q103:
IlSNUHBBR
SI 01:
IlSNUHBBR
J104:
IISHUHBER
1104:
IlSNUHBBR
LI 04:
IlSNUHBBR
Hi 04:
IlSNUHBER
NI04:
IlSNUHBER
0104:
ilSNUHBER
PI 04:
ilSHUMBBH
Q104:
IlSNUHBBR
El 04:
IlSNUHBBR
J105:
ilSNUHBER
1105:
IISNOHBER
L105:
IISHUHBER
K105:
IlSNUHBER
HI 05:
eiSNUVBBR
0105:
IISNDHBBR
PI 05:
ilSNUHBER
Q105:
ilSNUHBER
1105:
ilSNUHBER
J106:
ilSNUHBER
1106:
ilSNUHBBR
L10G
ilSNUHBER
1106:
ilSNUHBER
11106:
ilSNUHBBR
01 OS:
IlSNUHBBR
PI 06:
ilSNUHBER
Q106:
IlSNUHBER
R106:
ilSNUHBBR
J107:
IlSNUHBER
1107:
ilSNUHBER
LI 07:
ilSHUHBER
K107:
IlSNUHBBR
N107:
8ISNUNBB
0107:
IISNUHBE
-------
P107
[¥11] tlSHUHBEE
Q] 07
[Mil] eiSNDKBRE
RIOT
[Nil] 81SH0HBEE
J108
[Vll] 8ISN0KBBK
nos
[VI1) eiSHUHBBE
L1CS
[VII] tISHDHBEB
HlfiS
[Vll] CISHOKBBB
HI 08
[Vll] CISNDKBSR
0108
[Vll] eiSHDHBER
P108
[Vll] eiSHUXBER
5108
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
El 08
[Vll] eiSNWBBE
J109
[Vll] 8ISH0KBER
1103
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
L10S
[VU| eiSHUHBBE
1(109
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
H109
[Vll] eiSHUHSBB
0109
|V11] eiSHUHBBE
PI 09
[Vll] eiSHDHBEB
Q109
[*111 eiSHUHBBE
R109
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
J110
[Vll] CISHOHBER
1110
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
L110
[ril] eiSHDKBBS
K1I0
[Vll] ilSNUKBEB
H110
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
0110
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
PI 10
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
QUO
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
R110
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
Jill
[Vll] eiSHDHBER
Kill
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
Llll
[Vll] SISKUMBBB
Hill
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
Hill
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
0111
[Vll] eiSHUXBEB
Pill
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
qui
[Vll] KISHUHBBB
Rill
[Vll] 8ISHUHBEE
J112
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
1112
[Vll] eiSHUHBEE
1112
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
H112
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
HI 12
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
0112
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
P112
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
Q112
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
El 12
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
J113
[Vll] eiSITOHBBE
1113
[Vll] eiSOTHBSR
1113
[VII] eiSHUHBBE
Ml 13
[Vll] eiSHDHBER
HI 13
[Vll] IISHUHBBK
0113
[Vll] eiSHUHBBE
PI 13
[Vll] eiSNOKBEE
Q113
[Vll] eiSHDHBER
-------
1113
[VII1 IISNUKBER
J1H
[Vll] IISNUKBER
K1H
[Vll] IISNUKBER
L114
[Vll] IISNUKBER
K114
(Vll)
HU4
[Vll] IISNUVBER
0114
[Vll) tlSNUKBER
PI 14
[Vll] SISNDtfBEE
Q114
[VI1| IISNUKBER
£114
fVllI IISNUKBER
J115
[Vll] HSNUHBRR
1115
(Vll] IISNUKBER
L115
(Vll] IISNUKBER
K115
(Vll] IISNUKBER
HI 15
[Vll] IISNUKBER
0115
[Vll] IISNUKBER
PI 15
[Vll] IISNUKBER
Q115
[Vll] «ISHUKBER
El 15
[Vll] IISHUMBER
J116
[Vll] CISHDHBBR
1116
[Vll] IISNUKBER
L116
[Vll] IISNUKBER
HI 16
[Vll] eiSHDKBER
mi
[Vll] IISNUKBER
0116
[VII] IISNUKBER
Pllfi
[Vll] IISNUKBER
que
[Vll] IISNUKBER
BUS
[Vll] IISNUKBBR
JI17
[Vll] IISNUKBER
111?
[Vll] IISNUKBBR
111?
[Vll] IISHUKBER
mi?
[VI11 IISNUKBER
mn
[Vll] IISHUKBER
0117
[Vll] IISHUKBER
pin
[Vll] IISNUKBER
-------
1120
[Vll] (ISNUKBB
L120
[Vll] (ISNUHBBR
K120
[Vll] eiSHUKBBR
HiZO
[Vll] eiSVUIfBEE
0120
[Vll] (ISNUHBBR
F120
[Vll] (ISNUHBBR
4120
[Vll] SISNUHBBS
E120
[Vll] (ISNUHBBR
J121
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
SI21
IVll) eiSVUHBEB
L121
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
KIZ1
[ VI11 (ISNUHBBR
H121
[Vll] flSKOKBBR
0121
[vii] (isnuhber
fill
fvil) (ISNUHBBR
Q121
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
E121
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
J122
[Vll) (ISNUHBER
1122
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
L122
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
K122
[Vll] (ISNUHBBR
H122
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
0122
[Vll] (ISNUHBBR
P122
[Vll] (ISNUHBBR
Q122
[Vll] erSMBER
R122
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
J123
[VI1| (ISNUHBER
E123
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
LI23
[Vll] eiSHDHBBR
If 123
[Vll] (ISNUHBBR
H123
[VII] (ISNUHBBR
0123
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
PI23
[VII] (ISNUHBER
Q123
[Vll] (ISNUHBBR
B123
[Vll) (ISNUHBER
J124
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
1124
[VI1| (ISNUHBER
L124
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
HI 24
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
N124
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
0124
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
P124
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
Q124
[Vll] (ISNUHBBR
RIU
[Vll] (I swum
J125
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
1125
(Vll) (ISNUHBBR
L125
[Vll] (ISNUHBBR
HI 25
[Vll] (ISNUHBBR
HI 25
[Vll] (ISNUHBBR
0125
[VII] (ISNUHBER
P125
[Vll] (ISNUHBBR
CI 25
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
El 25
[VI11 (ISNUHBBR
J126
[VUl (ISNUHBER
K12B
[Vli] (ISNUHBER
LI 26
|V11] (ISNUHBER
-------
HI 25
[VII
8ISNUHBBRJH43)
II12S
[Vll
8ISMIHBBR(JH3)
0126
[VII
«ISHUHBER(0(3)
P1ZS
(VII
«ISHUHBER(P<3)
(1126
[Vll
HSNUIfBBR(W)
El 26
[Vll
tlSHUKBER(RU)
J127
[Vll
€ESHUKBEfi(J4<)
1121
[Vll
«ISNUKB8R(U4)
L127
(Vll
«ISMOKBBR(L44)
H127
[Vll
«ISHUKBER(HH (
H12?
[Vll
eiSHUKBER(N44)
0121
[Vll
«ISHUHBBE{044)
P12?
[Vll
«ISNUHBBK(P44)
Q127
[Vll
eiSNUHBBR(Q44l
E127
[Vll
«ISHUKBBB(R44]
J128
[Vll
tlSHOHBBR(JU)
1128
[Vll
tlSNOHBSR(KS)
L12S
[Vll
tISHUlfBER(MSl
K128
[Vll
IISHDXBER(K45)
N128
[Vll
SISKUHBER(H45}
0128
[Vll
«ISMHBBR(04i}
P128
[VM
«ISNUXBBR(P451
Q128
[Vll
IISHUKBER(Q45]
R12E
[Vll
«ISHUHBER(R4S1
-------
S3 3
(1 [VII] '
0)3
0 (VI1J 'TP
VJ3
0 (¥19] ' FECAL
S94
1) (Kill 'TP
U94
0 [VII] 'VILY
V94
0 (VI91 "COLIFORK
S95
II IVIIJ 'Hll
T95
0 (VI11 *lg/D
095
0 (Vll) "AVG
¥95
0 [¥19] 'COLOHIB
SS8
[Vll] §ISNDKBER(
T98
[vi ii cisiubk(
U98
[Vll] (ISMBBR(
V98
|V19] filSVOHBERI
SS9
[Vll] (ISMBERl
T99
[VII] 8ISH0KBER(
099
[Vll] iISMOKBEE(
V99
[VI9] eiSNOHBERl
S100
[Vll] (ISNUHBBR
T100
[Vll] (ISHUKBBK
0100
[Vll] (ISHOKBER
V10D
[V19] eiSHOHBER
SI01
[Vll] «ISMBEE
T101
[Vll] ilSNUKBER
0101
[Vll] (ISHOKBER
V101
[¥19] SISHOHBBR
5102
[vii] eisNUKBsa
T102
[Will (ISHOKBER
0102
[Vll] (ISHOKBER
V102
[V19] «IStnilIBEE
SI 03
[Vll] eiSNDMBBR
T103
[Vll] (ISHOKBER
0103
[Vll] (ISHOKBER
V103
[VIS] (ISH0KB8R
S!0<
[Vll] (ISHOKBER
TM
[Vll] (ISHOKBER
0104
[Vll] (ISHOKBER
V10<
[V19] C1SH0HBBR
S10S
[Vll] (ISHOHBBR
T105
[Vll] (ISHOHBBR
UI05
[Vll] (ISHOHBBR
V105
[V19] (ISHOKBER
S10S
[Vll] (ISHOKBER
T105
[Vll] (ISHOKBER
(J 105
[VIIj (ISWKBEK
VI06
[ ¥191 (ISHOHBBR
S10T
[Vll] (ISHQKBBR
T10?
[Vll] eiSNUKBER
U107
[VII] (ISHOKBER
V10T
l'V19] (ISHOKBER
S108
[Vll] (ISHOHBBR
T108
[Vll] (ISHOKBER
0108
(Vlll (ISHOKBBR
V108
(¥19| (ISHOKBER
S10S
[Vll] (ISHOHBER
TI09
[Vll] (ISNUHBER
-------
0109
(VII] (ISHUKBBH
V109
[VIS] IISMIHBBR
SI 10
[MID eiSNUKBEB
TJlff
IV! 1] USMBEB
(JilO
[VII] (ISITOKBER
V110
(VIS] tISHOKBBR
Sill
[VII] IISHOKBER
Till
[VII] eiSKDKBER
Dili
(Wll) tISHOKBBR
Fill
[VI9] EISHUHBEB
SI 12
[vu] tissmsi
T112
[VII] tlSNUKBER
0112
[VU] tISHOKBBR
vi n
f¥19] tISHOKBBR
Sill
[¥11] tlSHUKBBR
Tin
[Vll] IISHOHBBS
fflll
[vu] tismsBi
V11J
(¥19] tISHOKBBR
sin
[VI1] IISHITKBSH
T1H
[Vll] tISHOKBBR
1)114
[Vll] tISHOKBBR
VIH
[V19] 8ISNDHBES.
S115
[Vll] tISHOKBBR
T115
[Vll] tISHOKBBR
mis
[Vll] tISHOKBBR
V115
(VIS) tISHOKBBR
SI 16
[Vll] tISHOKBBR
Tilt
[Vll] tISMOHBBR
one
[Vll] tISHOKBBR
Vlli
[VIS] tISHOKBBR
Sl 17
[Vll] IISHOKBER
tut
(Vll] tISHOKBBR
D117
[Vll] tISHOKBBR
VIII
IV19] tISHOKBBR
S11S
[Vll] tISHOKBBR
T118
[VII] tlSNOKBBR
oils
(Vll] tlSNUKBER
VI18
(¥19] tISHOKBBR
S113
[VII] IISHOKBER
T119
[Vll] IISHOKBER
1)119
[Vll] CISHOHBBR
V119
(VI9] tISHOKBBR
S12D
(Vll) IISHOKBER
T120
[Vll] tISHOKBBR
0120
(VI IT tISHOKBBR
VI JO
[V19] IISHOKBER
S121
(Vll] IISHOKBER
T121
[Vll] IISNDKBBR
0121
[Vll] (ISNUKBER
V12I
[V19] IISHOKBER
S122
[Vll] CISHOKBKR
T122
[Vll] tISPHBBR
U122
|Vll] IISNUHBBR
VI22
[VI9] tlSNUKBER
S123
[Vll] IISNUHBER
TI23
[VII] IISNUHBER
-------
0123
VI23
5124
TM
D12<
VI24
5125
TI25
0125
VI25
5126
T126
0126
V126
5127
T12?
0127
V12T
5128
T128
0128
V128
(VII
8ISKUMBEB(040)
{¥19
g«BEE(V<0)
(VII
«ISN0KBER(S41|
(Vll
iISHDKBBB(T41)
[Vll
ttSM0MBEB(041)
(VIS
eiSH0HBBB(Y41]
(Vll
«ISHdKBBB(S<£)
(Vll
«ISHDMBER(T42)
(Vll
8ISHUHBBE(0(2)
(V19
«ISHUKBBE(V42)
(VII
«ISIflflfBB£(S43|
(Vll
HSHUHBBR(TU]
(Vll
«ISW»BBB(UJJ)
(V19
«ISH0MER(F<3|
(Vll
tISHOH8EE(S4<)
(Vll
f15HQHBER(T44)
(Vll
§ISNU¥BBB(D44)
(V19
SISNOKBER(V4 4)
(Vll
8ISRUKBSR{S«)
(Vll
iISH0KBEE(W|
(Vll
ltSH0¥BER(045)
(HJ
JISM8SB[VI5)
-------
CALCULATIONS FOR FLOW PROPORTIONED 8 HOUR COMPOSITE SAMPLES
Svi - Fi (Svt * 1/8 Sample Aliquots * 1/Fave)
Svi (mLs) - Sample Volume from an given sampling interval
Svt: (mLs) - Total Sample Volume needed
Fi • (MGD) - Flow during a given sampling interval
Fave (MGD) - Average Flow during the entire composite sampling
INTERVAL
FI
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
SAMPLING
INTERVAL
FLOW (MGD
2.1
2.2
3.1
4.2
4.5
3.2
2.8
2.2
SAMPLE
VOLUME
(mLs)
86.4
90! 5
127.6
172.8
185.2
131.7
115.2
90.5
Svt (mLs) - [Enter Desired Volume]
1000
Ave. Flow - 3.04
Total volume
1E+03
-------
A3: [Wll] 'CALCULATIONS FOR FLOW PROPORTIONED 8 HOUR COMPOSITE SAMPLES
A5: [Wllj 'Svi —¦ Fi (Svt * 1/8 Sample Aliquots * 1/Fave)
A7: [Wll]. '
B7: 'Svi (mLs) — Sample Volume from an given sampling interval
B8: 'Svt (mLs) — Total Sample Volume needed
B9: 'Fi (MGD) - Flow during a given sampling interval
BIO: 'Fave (MGD) - Average Flow during the entire composite sampling
A12: [Wll] 'INTERVAL
B12: 'SAMPLING
C12: ' SAMPLE
D12: '
B13: 'INTERVAL
C13: ' VOLUME
B14: 'FLOW (MGD)
C14: A(mLs)
A15: [Wll] 'FI -
B15: 2.1
C15: @ROUND(B15*I15*(l/8)*(l/B24),1)
E15: 'Svt (mLs) - [Enter Desired Volume] -
115: 1000
A16: [Wll] »F2 -
B16: 2.2
C16: @ROUND(B16*I15*(l/8)*(l/B24),1)
A17: [Wll] 'F3 -
B17: 3.1
C17: GROUND(B17*I15*(1/8)*(1/B24),1)
A18: [Wll] 'F4 -
B18: 4.2
C18: @R0UND(B18*I15*(1/8)*(1/B24),1)
A19: [Wll] 'F5 -
B19: 4.5
C19: @ROUND(B19*I15*(l/8)*(l/B24),1)
A20: [Wll] 'F6 -
B20: 3.2
C20: @ROUND(B20*I15*(1/8)*(1/B24) ,1)
A21: [Wll] 'F7 -
B21: 2.8
C21: @ROUND(B21*I15*(1/8)*(1/B24) ,1)
A22: [Wll] 'F8 -
B22: 2.2
C22: @ROUND(B22*I15*(l/8)*(l/B24) .1)
A24: [Wll] 'Ave. Flow -
B24: (F2) @AVG(B15..B22)
A26: [Wll] 'Total volume ¦=
C26: (SO) @ROUND«asUM(C15..C22),0)
-------
CALCULATIONS FOR FLOW PROPORTIONED 24 HOUR COMPOSITE SAMPLES
Svi - Fi (Svt * 1/24 Sample Aliquots * 1/Fave)
(
Svi (mLs) - Sample Volume from an given sampling interval
Svt: (mLs) - Total Sample Volume needed
Fi (MGD) - Flow during a given sampling interval
Fave (MGD) - Average Flow during the entire composite sampling
INTERVAL
FI -
F2 -
F3 -
F4 -
F5 -
F6 r
F7 -
F8 -
F9 -
F10 -
Fll -
F12 -
F13 -
F14 -
F15 -
F16 -
F17 -
F18 -
F19 -
F20 -
F21 —
F22 -
F23 -
F24 -
SAMPLING
INTERVAL
FLOW (MGD
2:1
2.2
3.1
4.2
4.5
3.2
2.B
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.2
2.4
2.3
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.2
SAMPLE
VOLUME
(mLs)
34.6
36.2
51.1
69.2
74.1
52.7
46.1
36.2
36.2
34.6
36.2
37.9
39.5
37.9
36.2
39.5
36.2
39.5
37.9
39.5
36.2
36.2
39.5
36.2
Svt (mLs) - [Enter Desired Volume]
1000
Ave. Flow - 2.53
Total volume —
1E+03
-------
A3: [Wll] 'CALCULATIONS FOR FLOW PROPORTIONED 24 HOUR COMPOSITE SAMPLES
A5: [Wllj 'Svi - Fi (Svt * 1/24 Sample Aliquots * 1/Fave)
A7: [Wll] '
B7: 'Svi (mLs) - Sample Volume from an given sampling interval
B8: 'Svt (mLs) - Total Sample Volume needed
B9: 'Fi (MGD) - Flow during a given sampling interval
BIO: 'Fave (MGD) — Average Flow during the entire composite sampling
A12." [Wll] 'INTERVAL
B12: 'SAMPLING
C12: ' SAMPLE
012: *
B13: 'INTERVAL
C13: ' VOLUME
B14: 'FLOW (MGD)
C14: a(oLs)
A15: [Wll] 'FI -
B15: 2.1
C15: @ROUND(B15*I15*(1/24)*(1/B40),1)
E15: 'Svt (mLs) - [Enter Desired Volume] «¦
115: 1000
A16: [WllJ 'F2 -
B16: 2.2
C16: @ROUND(B16*I15*(1/24)*(1/B40),1)
A17: [Wll] 'F3 -
B17: 3.1
C17: @ROUND(B17*I15*(1/24)*(1/B40),1)
A18: [Wll] 'F4 -
B18: 4.2
C18: @ROUND(B18*I15*(1/24)*(1/B40).1)
A19: [Wll] 'F5 -
B19: 4.5
C19: @ROUND(B19*I15*(1/24)*(1/B40),1)
A20: [Wll] 'F6 -
B20: 3.2
C20: @ROUND(B20*I15*(1/24)*(1/B40),1)
A21: [Wll] 'F7 -
B21: 2.8
C21:
-------
A26: [Wll] 'F14 -
B28: 2.3
C26: @RQTJND(B28*I15*(1/24)*(1/B40),1)
A29: [Wll] 'F15 -
B29: 2.2
C29: @ROUND(B29*I15*(1/24)*(1/B40),1)
A30: [Wll] 'F16 -
B30: 2.4
C30: @ROTJND(B30*I15*(1/24)*(1/B40) ,1)
A31: [Wll] 'F17 -
B31: 2.2
C31: @R0UND(B31*I15*(1/24)*(1/B40),1)
A32: [Wll] 'F18 -
B32: 2.4
C32: @ROUND(B32*I15*(1/24)*(1/B40),1)
A33: [Wll] 'F19 -
B33: 2.3
C33: @R0UND(B33*I15*(1/24)*(1/B40),1)
A34: [Wll] »F20 -
B34: 2.4
C34: (3R0UND(B34*I15*(1/24)*(1/B40),1)
A35: [Wll] 'F21 -
B35: 2.2
C35: @ROUND(B35*I15*(1/24)*(1/B40),1)
A36: [Wll] 'F22 -
B36: 2.2
C36: @ROUND(B36*I15*(1/24)*(1/B40),1)
A37: [Wll] 'F23 -
B37: 2.4
C37: @R0UND(B37*I15*(1/24)*(1/B40),1)
A3S: [Wll] 'F24 -
B3B: 2.2
C38: @ROUND(B38*I15*(1/24)*(1/B40),1)
A40: [Wll] 'Ave. Flow -
B40: (F2) @AVG(B15..B38)
A42: [Wll] 'Total volume -
C42: (SO) @R0UND«asUM(C15. .C38),0)
-------
Titration Factors from Standard Methods.: DO; HH3-N; CI2; and COD
1. Winkler Dissolved Oxygen:
The titration of 200 ml of sample with 0.02S0 N sodium thiosulfate is such
that each 1 ml of titrant is equivalent to 1 ppm of dissolved oxygen in
the sample.
Explanation:
a. For ary titration:
Volume of x unknown
Sample concentration
volume of
titrant
concentration
of titrant
Equation #1
Volume of Concentration of
Volume of x Concentration B sodium thiosulfate x sodium thiosulfate
sample of dissolved Og titrant titrant
b. gram-equivalent weight and normality:
The gram equivalent weight Is the reactive weight of a substance. One
gram equivalent weight of a substance will react with one gram equivalent
weight of another substance. This means that 1 gram equivalent weight of
sodium thiosulfate will react with one gram equivalent weight of oxygen
regardless of the exact reaction mechanism/ Normality is a unit of
concentration that incorporates gram equivalent weights and is equal to
the § gram equivalent weights/liter.
The key to the oxygen calculation is that the gram equivalent weight of
oxygen is 8.0 gms. A solution prepared by dissolving 16 gms of oxygen in
1 liter of water would be a 2.0 N O2 solution.
Substitution of the 0.0250 N sodium thiosulfate for the titrant strength
and 1 ml for the volume of titrant necessary for the titration of 200 ml
of sample volume into Equation 1 yields:
concentration of 1 ml of 0.0250 N
200 ml * dissolved O2 in e sodium thiosulfate x sodium thiosulfate
sample sample as geq wt/L
or
concentration of B 1 ml of ha^S^O^ x 0.025 geq wt/L
dissolved 02 in *Ja2s204
sample geq wt/L zuu mi sample '
-------
Winkler Dissolved oxygen (cont.)
converting to mg/L
mg/L dissolved Og * 1 ml of x 0.0250 geq wt/L x 8 gms/geq wt. x 1000 mg/gni
in sample NaoSsOA Ka^SsOa
200 ml
* 1.0 mg/L
or each 1 ml of 0.0250 N sodium tlosulfate titrant required to
titrate a 200 ml sample 1s equivalent to 1 ppm of 0$ In the sample.
It can be shown, that for 300 ml of sample each 1 ml of 0.0375 N
sodium thiosulfate 1s equivalent to 1 mg/L of O2 (ppm).
-------
2. Ammonia Nitrogen (Acidlmetrlc titration) - using the famllar equation
"and exactly u.uzuH H2SO4 tftrant :
Volume of „ Concentration Vol use of y 0.020N
Sample of NH3-N 1n sample " H2SO4 tltrant H2SO4
geq. wt/L required tltrant
concentration of nl H2SO4 0.020 N
NH3-N 1n sample * tltrant x K?S0d tltrant
ng/L nl sample volume
The gram equivalent weight of NH3-W Is 14; therefore:
concentration of • nl H2SO4 x 0.020 geq. wt/1 x 14 gm/ x 1000 mg/gm
NH3-N tltrant H?S0/i tltrant geq. wt
1n sample ml semple
concentration of ¦ ml H2SO4 x 280
NH3-N 1n tltrant
Sample mg/L ml sample
To correct for blank:
concentration of « ml H2SO4 x 280 _ ml H2SO4 x 280
NH3-N 1n tltrant for tltrant for
Sample mg/L sample blank
ml sample mi blank
Jf the volume of the blank 1s equal to the sample volume this expression can
be reduced to:
concentration of * ml H2SO4 - ml H2SO4 x 280
NH3-N in sample Tltrant for Tltrant for
mg/L Sample Blank
ml sample
-------
3. Residual Chlorine - lodometric Method II:
t S ml of 0,00564 N PAD or sodium thiosulfate 1s added ts « reagent to
* react with the residual chlorine under acidic conditions. The excess
PAO reagent is aeasured by a titration vith a 0.0282 N Iodine titrant.
Equation #1 concentration of * »1 PAO reagent x 0.00564N
Sample Residual CMorfne consumed PAO
geq. wt/L m sample
ml PAO consumed ¦ «1 PAO added - art excess PAO
but (ml excess PAO) * S times (ml I2)
Therefore:
ml PAO consumed * (ml PAO added) - 5 x (ml 12 required)
Upon substitution into Equation #1:
concentration (mVPAO added - 5 x «l I2 titrant ) x 0.00564 N PAO
Sample Residual required
Chlorine (geq. wt/L) ml sample
The gram equivalent weight of Chlorine is 35.45; therefore
concentration b(iu1 PAO added »5x ml I2 titrant) x 0.00564 x 35.45 x 1000
of Residual required g eg. wt/L g/ geq. wt. mg/•
Chlorine inTTKBpTS
(mg/L)
Sample cene. ¦ (ml PAO added -5 xjnl l2 Titrant ) x 200
of residual chlorine
mg/L ml sample
-------
4. Residual Chlorine Amperometrlc lodometric I
* Concentration of * volume
Residual Chlorine of Sample
In sample geq. wt/L
K PAO x volume of
Titrant Titrant
required
Concentration of
residual chlorine
geq. wt/L
N PAO x Volume of
tltrant titrant
required
volume or sample
If the PAO titrant 1s exactly 0.00564N and the volume of sample 1s 200 ml,
then each 1 ml of titrant is equivalent to 1 «g/l CI2 In the sample.
The gram equivalent weight of chlorine Is 35.45; therefore:
concentration 0.00564 geq. wt/1 * 35.45 g/ * 1 ml PAO x lOQO mg/g
residual * PAO geq. wt. Titrant
Chlorine in^
sample mg/L 200 ml Sample
concentration of • 1 mg/L
residual chlorine 1n mg/L
-------
5. COD Ferrous Aaron iuro Sulfate
The oxygen required to oxidize the organic material 1n a sample Is
Indirectly measured. The sample Is oxidized with an excess of
Or2SON potassium dichromate, K2Cr207- The amount of
K2CR2O7 remaining after the oxidizing reaction 1s neasured by
Its reaction with 0.100 N Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate (FAS):
ail K9Cr£07 x concentration * nl FAS x concentration
remaining after *2Cr2°7 required of FAS
reaction with geq. wt/1 for sample geq. wt/L
A distilled water blank is prepared with the same amount and concentration
of K?Cr207 as the sample. The amount of FAS necessary to titrate
the Blank 1s used to calculate the amount of KgCrgOy Initially
present:
sample
or
nl K?Cr207
EQ 1 remaining 1
rema Inlng after
reaction with
sample
nl FAS x
required
for sample
0.2SH K2Cr207
N FAS
tltrant
present
nl FAS
to Titrate
blank
x
N FAS
T1trant
0.250 H K2Cr207
volume of K2Cr207
consumed by the
sample (ml)
nl K2Cr207
Initially
present
ml K2Cr207
remaining after reaction
with sample
Substitution of EQ1 and EQ2 into this expression yields :
EQ3 ml K2Cr2C>7 e ( ml FAS - ml FAS )
used by sample for blank for sample
( ml FAS - ml FAS ) * N FAS
for blank for sample tltrant
0.2b N K2 Cr207
-------
The oxygen required for thfs oxidation Is related to the volume of
*2Cp207 used as follows:
*2^207 * 0.250 N » ml sample x concentration
used by sample K2cr2°7 02 required geq. vt/L
Upon rearrangement and substitution into EQ3
Concentration { ml FAS - art FAS ) x N FAS
0? required for blank for sample Titrant
(COD) geq. wt/L nl sample
The gram equivalent weight of oxygen 1s 8.0, therefore:
ag/1 « ( ml FAS - »1 FAS ) x FAS Titrant x 8.0 gm/geq. wt x 1000 mg/gm
COD for blank for sample geq. wt/L
ini sample
-------
Example Analytical Calculations:
Titrimetrie Analyses:
NHS -R (mg/L) - f A -B-) * 280 p. 4-122,
S 17th edition Standard Methods
(when Normality of H2S04 - 0.020N)
NH3-N (mg/L) - (A-B> * M *14 * 1000 me/g General equation
S
A - volume of H2S04 titrant to reach the end pt.
for s amp1e
B - volume of H2S04 titrant to reach the end pt
for blank
N - normality of H2S04 titrant
14 - grams per gram-equivlent wt. N
1000 - mg/g
S - volume of sample
CN (mg/L) - fO-R> * 1000 p. 4-30,
S 17th edition Standard Methods
Q - volume of AgN03 titrant to reach the end pt.
for sample
R - volume of AgN03~titrant to reach the end pt
for blank
S - normality of H2S04 titrant
Use of £ "calibration curve"
Neseeriziatio-n (following distillation) p 4-120, ;17th edition,
Standard Hethods
NH3-N (mg/L) - _D_ * E
eL sample F
D - ug HH3-N (51 mL final volume)
E - total volume of distillate collected (mL),
including acid absorbent
F - volume of distillate taken for nesserization
analyses (mL)
Phenate
NH3-N (mg/L) - G * H * I p. 4-121, 17th edition,
J * K * L Standard Methods
G - absorbance of sample
H - NH3-N in standard (ug)
J — absorbance of standard
K - volume of sample used (mL)
I - volume of total distillate collected (mL), including
acid absorbent, neutralizing agent, and ammonia-free
water added
L - volume of distillate used for color development (mL)
-------
Example Analytical Calculations:
Use of & "calibration curve" (Cont.)
Pyridine-barbi turi c ac id p, 4-32, 17th edition,
Standard Methods
CN (mg/L) - U * V
W * X
U - ug CN read from calibration curve (50 mL final volume)
V - total volume of absorbing solution
from the distillation (mL)
V - volume of original sample used in the distillation, mLs
X - volume of absorbing solution used in
colorimetric test, mLs
Chloroform Extaction followed by 4AAP colorimetric analysis
T.. Phenolics (ug/L) - A * 1000 p. 5-53, 17th edition,
B Standard Methods
A - ug of phenol in sample, from calibration curve
B - mL original sample of sample
Electrode:
NH3-N (mg/L) - M * N * ( 101 + P ^ p. 4-123, 17th edition,
( 101 ) Standard Methods
M — Dilution Factor
N - Cone, of HN3-N (mg/L) from calibration curve
P - volume of added 10N NaOH in excess of 1 mL, (mL)
CN (mg/L) - A * B
C
A — mg CN/L found from meter reading op graph
B - total volume of absorption solution, mLs
C - volume of original sample used in the distillate, mLs
-------
Example Analytical Calculations:
Internal
Volatile Orpanics {GC/KS): EPA Method 524.1 Purgeable organics
in water (more general in terms of
volume purged than 624)
Cx (ug/L) - Ar * Sis * 1Q00
Aifi * RF * V
Cx - cone. of analyte in water sample
-------
Example Analytical Calculations:
Internal Standards
Semi-volatile Orpanics IGC/MS): EPA Method 625 Base/Neutrals and
Acids
Cx (ug/L) - A* *
-------
Example Analytical Calculations:
Gravimetric Calculations:
Total Suspended Solids: p. 2-56, 18th edition,
Standard Methods,
(equation adjusted to grams,)
TSS (mg/L) - (k - Bt * 1000 * 1000
S
A - dried weight filter & gooch & residue (grams)
("final weight").
B - dried weight filter & gooch (grams), ("initial weight")
S - volume of sample filtered (mLs).
1000 - conversion from grams to milligrams.
1000 - conversion from mLs to Liters
Oil & Grease:
p. 5-26, 18th edition of
Standard Methods,
(equation adjusted to grams).
O&G (mg/L) - f A - B ^ * 1000 * 1000
S
A - dried weight flask & residue (grams)
("final weight").
B - dried weight flask (grams), ("initial weight").
S - volume of sample extracted (mLs).
1000 - conversion from grams to milligrams.
1000 - conversion from mLs to Liters
-------
Least Squares Regression Line: Refers to the "best fit"
line for a set of data points (often from a calibration curve),
which results in the minimized deviations from the points to the
line . *
Y - m * X + b
m - S"33 (3U - X) * - Y)
I
i-1
—J3 - 2
\ (Xi - X)2
I
i-1
b - Y - (m * X)
m - "best fit slope".
b + "best fit y-intercept"
Xi - given value for the independent variable
Yi - given value for the dependent variable
X - average value for the independent variable
Y - average value for the dependent variable
William Mendenhall,, "Introduction to Probability and
Statistics", 2nd edition, Vadsorth Publishing Company,
Inc., Belmont California, 1967.
-------
Joseph Slayton
USEPA CRL III
Annapolis, Md. 21401
(301) 266-9180
Determination of Analytical Precision
What is precision?
Analytical Precision is the degree to which an analytical
result can be reproduced. The precision of an analytical
method can be measured by analyzing samples in duplicate.
Good precision often is an indication of good accuracy, but
good precision can be achieved with poor accuracy. It is also
possible to obtain accurate results but with poor
reproducibility (precision). This essay discusses one means
of determining the precision of analytical data, the Shewhart
Method. Other possible methods include: Cusum (cumulative-
summation) ; percent relative standard deviation; coefficient
of variation; and the industrial statistic. These alternate
methods are discussed in detail In the 1979 EPA Handbook for
Analytical Quality Control in Water and Wastewater
Laboratories EPA-600\4-79-019. In this document duplicate
analysis of a single sample is explained. This is not the
same as the analysis of duplicate samples (field duplicates).
Both procedures have valid uses, but duplicate analysis of a
single sample measures the precision of the analytical
procedures.
Poor analytical precision may be attributed to a number of
causes. Some of these include:
* Non-homogeneous samples
* Sample turbidity/color
* Suspended solids
* The presence of interferences (sample matrix problems)
* Instrumentation difficulties (instability)
* Insufficient analytical sensitivity and/or low level
results
* Analyst's technique
* Analytical method itself
* Laboratory accidents
Are there parameters for which determination of precision
is difficult, due to the nature of the analysis?
Parameters that are based on a logarithmic scale or have
logarithmic distributions (such as pK and coliform) add a
degree of complexity. Coiiform results tend to be quite
variable. This variability may be dampened by using a log
mean to describe the data. The statistics necessary to
describe this parameter are described in the EPA Manual,
EPA—600/878—017, Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the
Environment Water and Waste, p.232-242.
pH is based on a logarithmic scale, and is defined as the
negative logarithm of the hydronium ion concentration
(moles/L). pH values of 4.0 and 6. 0* may appear to have an
average pH of 5.0 ("apparent" average pH). However this
1.
-------
page 2 of 10
corresponds to an average hydronium ion concentration of
(10"4+10~6)/2 or 5.05 x 10"st moles/L. This corresponds
to an average pH «= -log(5.05 x 10~5) = 4.3 ("actual"
average pH). The "actual" and the "apparent" averages are
equal as long aB the pH values being averaged are no more
than 1 pH unit apart. A confusing situation 1 However, it is
possible to perform precision analyses for this parameter
using the "apparent*1 average pH (forget the hydronium ion
"STUFF"). DO NOT report the average of pH values on the DMR.
In other words, the mathematical manipulations necessary to
calculate the precision of duplicate pH analyses, (such as
determining the "apparent" average), should be considered
separate and distinct from DMR reporting. For NPDES permits.
pH ie generally a MIN-MAX criteria and each pH value
measured must be tested acrainst the permit criteria and not
averaged.
When in the analytical procedure should duplication be
performed?
Take two well-mixed samples and carry them through the entire
analytical process. This includes all preliminary steps such
as digestion, distillation, extraction, etc.
What do vou duplicate?
Duplicate samples that are routinely analyzed. The plant
effluent analyses should be routinely duplicated, because of the
importance of these results in NPDES compliance monitoring.
How often should duplicate analyses be performed?
This is a difficult question to answer and depends upon: the
permit requirements (some permits specify the frequency of
duplicate analyses); the number and frequency of analyses; the
in-house quality assurance program? the method; and how well
you need to characterize the quality of your data. However,
a good rule of thumb is to duplicate 10% of the analysis —
that is, duplicate one sample out of every 10 samples analyzed
or one sample per analysis set, whichever is more frequent.
If the analyte is determined in more than one sample matrix,
e.g. effluent, plant process sample, sludge, etc., you should
prepare and analyze a duplicate sample on a 10% basis for
each different sample matrix.
Is the sample concentration a consideration in thie
determination of precision?
Analytical precision is concentration dependent. There
are several important concentration dependent considerations:
(1) The duplicates must be within the standard curve used to
calibrate the analytical instrument/procedure.
-------
page 3 of 10
Too hlah sample concentration—little can be done but to
dilute the sample and repeat the precision analysis. Of
course, you are trying to determine the precision of the
analytical technique in the sample matrix. Extensive
dilution essentially changes the matrix to laboratory
pure water. Therefore, dilution should be minimized (yet
resulting in a final concentration in the mid-range of
the standard curve). In fact, if the effluent sample
concentration routinely requires dilution to be within
the standard curve (range of calibration standards), then
a different operating range 6hould be considered (unless
this would be above the calibration standards specified
bv the analytical method).
Too low sample concentration—little information is
gained by duplicating very low level results (results
below the calibration standards). Concentrations of this
type are reported as "not detectable". If the effluent
sample concentration is routinely below the standard
curve, lower standards should be employed funless this
would be below the calibration standards specified bv the
analytical method^.
Note: "Not detectable" results should not be included in
the calculation of precision or in determination of
precision quality control limits.
(2) Analytical methods are often found to have significantly
different precision at different concentration levels. As a
consequence, precision data for a given analytical method is
frequently compiled as discrete data bases (each a different
concentration range). Refer to the section "How many different
precision tables do I need for each parameter?" to help
determine the relationship of precision and concentration.
How do I calculate precision?
Precision may be measured as the difference between the
analytical results for the sample and the duplicate (both
expressed in the same concentration units, i.e. mg/L; ug/L;
ppm; ppb; etc.). The difference is an absolute difference—
that is, whatever the difference, make it a positive result
(non-negative):
/R/ «= ABS | sample - duplicate |
j concentration concentration j
where ABS means the absolute value of the difference, (make
it positive).
How do I determine if the duplicate analyses were acceptable?
This can be determined by calculating "acceptance limits" for
-------
page 4 of 10
the /R/ values of the duplicate analyses. Acceptance limits
are determined on a statistical basis using the previous
duplicate results obtained by your laboratory. There should
be one set of limits for each analyte and for each matrix.
In addition, for some analytes, a separate set of
statistics and associated duplicate data base need to.be
maintained for different concentration ranges, (different
control limits for different concentration ranges). For many
parameters, particularly over the mid-range of the standard
curve, precision /R/ values are independent of concentration.
For more information refer to the section "How many different
precision tables do I need for each parameter?11.
In general, there are two types of control limits. These are
the Warning Limit and the Acceptance Limit. Unlike control
limits for accuracy, there are only upper limits. These
limits are related to the average /R/ value (from duplicate
analyses) as follows:
i
Relation of Control Limits to the Ave. /R/ Value
|< (3.27 *
1
1
Ave. /R/) >|
I
1
1 I
|<—(2.51 * Ave. /R/)—>|
1
i
1
1
1
| "Acceptable" |
"Warning" |
1 1
"Check for j
1 1
I I
Error" |
1
1 1 1
Average
/R/ value
Warning
Limit
"Not
Acceptable1'
Acceptance
Limit
-Acceptable /R/ Values-
Only values beyond 3.27 times the average /R/ values are
considered "Not Acceptable". /R/ values from a given
duplicate analysis more than 2.51 times the Ave. /R/, but less
than 3.27 times the Ave. /R/, are within the "Warning Limit".
Such results are acceptable, but the analyst should be aware
that these results are dangerously close to being
unacceptable. Caution; look for problems.
The constants f3.27 and 2.511 are Shewhart factors and
are only valid for duplicate analyses (not triplicates,
etc.).
-------
page 5 of 10
The calculations for determining the control limit for
precision are detailed in table #1 (Precision Quality Control
Table). The table is completed as follows:
1. The table is set up for twenty samples. As data is
generated it should be immediately added to the table.
2. Columns 1-5 are entered with each analysis. The /R/
is the absolute difference between each sample and the
duplicate analysis. That is, whatever the difference
(+ or -), the value is filled in as a positive value.
3. After 20 precision sets have been filled in, the
average Ave. /R/ is calculated. This is simply the sum
of values in column 5 divided by the number of values (n
value). Remember: EQ NOT include "not detected" values
in the calculation, though they should be recorded in
the table to document the quality control procedure. .
The n value is the number of values actually summed.
"Greater than" values should not appear, as these should
be diluted and re-analyzed. If reanalysis is not
possible, do not include these values in the precision
calculations.
4. The control limits are calculated using the Ave. /R/
value. The equations 2.51 * Ave./R/ and 3.27 * Ave./R/,
are straightforward and are listed at the bottom of the
table.
5. When the table is completed, a new table is
started by filling in column 1-5 as each duplicate
analysis is performed. Now the control limits from the
first table are filled in at the top. As each new
sample and duplicate result (/R/) is entered, the
corresponding /R/ Value is tested against the Current
Control Limits. Precision data needs to be added
immediately to the table (as scon as generated) so that
if the data is beyond the limits, appropriate action can
be taken to correct the situation (reanalysis, etc.).
6. Similarly, when the second table is completed, the
newly calculated limits are used to fill in the top of
the next hew table. These are then the current limits
against which /R/ is compared. One important point
about each additional chart (which is different from
the first table) is that unacceptable results (values
bevond the acceptance limits) should NOT be used to
generate the Control Limits.
-------
Precision Quality Control Table
(Shswhart Oonstiuetdm hfethod)
Parameter:
Table: #
Gone.:
Concentration units (oust be the sore far all entries)
Method:
Instrument:
Detection limit:
Cats prepared:_
Analyst:
Current limits based on previous table (table #):
Current upper
vaming I1nrit:_
OuiiaU. upper
acceptance limit
Colxuns:
1 1
2
1 3
1 4
5 1
1 1
1
j Duplicate
1
1 n 1
Sarrole #
I Sarnie Result
1 Result
/R/ 1
1 1 1
1
1
1 2 |
1
I
1
1 3 |
1
1
1
j 4 |
1
1
1
1 5 J
1
1
1 6 |
p
1
1
1 1 1
1
1
1
1 8 1
1
1
1
1 9 |
1
1
1
1 10 I
1
1
1
1 11 1
1
1
1
1 12 |
1
1
1
1 13 I
1
I
1
1 1* 1
1
1
1
1 15 f
1
1
1
| 16 |
1
1
1
1 17 |
1
1
1
1 18 1
1
1
1
1 19 I
1
1
1 20 1
1
1
1
¦ Final Control limits:
(data frcra this table once filled
used in limit calculation)
Warning Limit: 2.51 * Ave./ft/
Acceptance Limit: 3.27 * Ave. /R/ - .
Ave. /R/_
vhere, /R/ - the absolute value of the sanple result - the duplicate result
Ave. /R/ — sun of /R/ -values divided by the ruiber of entries
sixtmsd (this is n, unless all values were not usable
-------
page 7 of 10
Quality Control Charts
An additional method of displaying precision data is using QC
charts. Such a chart is displayed in Figure 1. It is a plot
with entry number (#) on the X-axis versus the /R/ obtained.
The /R/ values corresponding to the Warning and Acceptance
limits are displayed. These limits and average /R/ aire based
on the last control table (the established limits) and the data
being entered is the ongoing (current) precision (/R/) value.
This type of display makes it easy to see any pattern in
precision. Are the /R/ values progressively getting better or
poorer? Should corrective action be initiated?
Figure #1
Precision Quality Control Chart
Acceptance Limit
/R/
Warning Limit
Values
x
x
X
Ave. /R/
•x
X
X X
X
>
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
20
Time or Order of results
-------
page 8 of 10
What do I do If "Not Acceptable" duplication occurs?
When unacceptable duplicate results are obtained, check your
calculations. If calculation errors were not at fault repeat
the duplicate analyses. If the rerun works you are donel
If the rerun does not generate acceptable results, the cause
for the difficulty must be determined. As a first step, a
different sample should be duplicated. The results of this
second sample duplication may provide useful information:
A. Indication of a particular problem sample:
If the second sample duplication is "acceptable" as
determined from the control table this indicates that the
problem may be restricted to a particular problem sample.
This result tends to rule out things that affect the entire
analytical run, such as the general analytical procedure, the
instrumentation, etc. Of course analytical accidents do
happen and may only effect a single/few samples. The next
step is to backup and try to resolve the problem with the
difficult sample. Some analysts find that if it is possible
to dilute a troublesome sample and still remain within the
analytical working range, that difficulties with precision
often are eliminated. Review the section of the analytical
method concerning known interferences. Host methods detail
how to eliminate these problems. Do iti Is the sample
highly colored (this often interferes with colorimetric test)
or does it contain a lot of solids or i6 it in general, non-
homogeneous. If the method provides procedures for removing
these problems, follow the instructions detailed in the
method. If you are able to solve the problem do so.
Document your efforts and verify that additional samples do
not share the precision problem/s.
B. Indication of a general problem:
If on the other hand, the second duplicate is "not acceptable"
this tends to indicate a more generalized problem. Either
the sample matrix of the samples is causing the problem or
the analytical technique, instrument etc. Check your
equipment, reagents and carefully review your analytical
technique. If you are able to solve the problem, do so.
Perhaps all of the samples in the analytical run need
dilution (or something!). If you solve the problem, then all
the samples in the analytical sequence since the last
acceptable duplicate should be re-analyzed. Whatever you did
to make the duplicates work, should also, be done to all the
other samples in the run.
C. You have a*problem and it won't ctq awavl; If the precision
problems can not be resolved, either for a particular problem
sample or for an -entire analytical run, document what you
have done and the corrective actions you have attempted. The
associated data 6n the DMR form should be flagged. If it is a
particular sample result, flag that one. If it is an entire
-------
page 9 of 10
analytical run, flag the appropriate results. All the
results should be reported on the DMR. but an explanation
should be given for the problems. (data flagged) and what
corrective action was taken should be detailed. EVERY effort
SHOULD BE MADE TO AVOID THE NECESSITY OF FLAGGING DMR DATA.
IF YOU ARE ROUTINELY HAVING PRECISION PROBLEMS, CALL THE
STATE AUTHORITY OR THE EPA.
How do I Determine the concentration range of the Precision
table? How many different precision tables do I need for each
parameter?
A separate precision table should be maintained for each
parameter and for each matrix type even if they have similar
/R/ values. Similarly, for wastewater analysis, the effluent
samples should be keat on a separate chart from the Influent or
in-plant process sample precision results.
Within each category, e.g. effluent samples for a given
parameter, the number of necessary precision tables needed may
be. concentration dependent. The phosphorus concentrations on
the effluent may vary greatly from day to day. The precision
on days when the concentration is high may be significantly
different from days when the concentration is low. To help
determine if separate tables are needed first, divide the range
of concentrations measured for the first twenty precision
anailyses into ten equal concentration categories. For
example, the observed concentrations (lowest to highest) was 0.2
to 2.2 mg/L. These could be divided into the following ten
concentration groups:
Group |
Cone, of
Samples
(mg/L) |
Average /R/.
for the group
A |
0.2 to
0.4 |
0.02
B 1
0.4 to
0.6 j
0.03
c I
0.6 to
0.8 1
0.02
D |
0.8 to
1.0 j
0.03
E |
1.0 to
1.2 |
0.03
F |
1.2 to
1.4 . |
0.02
G j
1.4 to
1.6 |
0.02
H [
1.6 to
1.8 |
0.03
X 1
1.8 to
2.0 j
0.03
J 1
2.0 to
2.2 I
0.02
The average /R/ was calculated from the /R/ values measured
for each group. Which groups have the same average /R/
values? In this example all the groups have similar /R/
values with no obvious relation between concentration and the
/R/ values obtained. Therefore, precision for this parameter
i6 independent of concentration and only a single precision
table is needed. If distinct differences are observed in the
-------
page 10 of 10
average /V values of different concentration range groups,
multiple tables are needed. Groups with similar /R/ values
should use the same precision table. The decision as to how
great a difference in the average /R/ values groups should
have, before separate precision tables are need, is a matter of
judgement. A good rule of thumb is to try to keep the number
of separate tables, based on concentratipn, to a minimum. This
will result in more QC data for a given table and this will
mean faster update to the QC limits (you will fill a table more
quickly).
-------
Joseph Slayton
USEPA CRL Region III
839 Bestgate Rd.
Annapolis, Md. 21401
(301)-266-9180
Determination of Analytical Accuracy—Spiking
What is a spike?
A spike is the addition of a known amount of the analyte
to the sample. This has become known as a matrix spike,
because you are spiking directly into the matrix—physical
makeup of the sample, e.g., wastewater, soil, tissue, etc.
Whv spike?
Spiking helps to answer the question: "How good is my data?".
By spiking a sample with the analyte of interest, you can
determine the accuracy of your measurement in that matrix.
Accuracy is defined as the degree of agreement between the
measured and the true (or actual) values. By spiking into
the sample matrix you can detect problems in the analytical
process. Unlike the analysis of EPA QC and other standard
solutions prepared using laboratory pure water, matrix spikes
answer how well the analytical test is measuring the analyte
of interest in a particular sample. The analytical
procedures developed and approved for NPDES and other
programs are not without potential interferences. These may
be due to a single compound or the interaction of a group of
compounds. It is probably safe to say that one of the most
overlooked sections in a given analytical method description
is the section on "method interferences11. Acceptable results
for QC samples generally indicate that the analyst's
technique is acceptable, that the instrumentation has been
properly calibrated and is functioning properly. However, an
acceptable result on a QC (performance evaluation) sample may
well be followed by a poor result on a matrix spike sample.
Poor matrix spike recoveries may be attributable to a
number of causes. Some of these include:
- Non-homogeneous sample
- Sample matrix problems, including the presence of
interferences (known or unknown)
physical: turbidity and/or sample color
absorption & adsorption
chemical: a compound may react/bind to the spiked
material to generate a complex that no
longer responds to the analytical procedure.
This is often specified in the method
description.
- Analytical errors (poor technique? spike prepared
incorrectly; calculation errors; etc.)
- Instrument malfunction
1.
-------
page 2 of 16
These problems nay adversely effect spike recovery in
either a positive or negative direction, (knowing what you
6piked with and how much was measured in the unspiked sample,
the measured concentration for the spiked sample may be too
high or too low). The matrix spike process helps identify
such problems in the measurement process so that appropriate
steps can be taken to correct them.
Accuracy can be visualized (Figure 1) as the result of
"target shooting" where a "bull's eye" is the true value
and the measured results for the spiked sample are where
you hit the target. The accuracy of an analytical method
is measured using matrix spike recovery. Precision refers
to the agreement or reproducibility of a set of replicate
results among themselves. The precision of an analytical
method is measured by analyzing samples in duplicate.
Good precision often is an indication of good accuracy,
but good precision can be achieved with poor accuracy. It
is also possible to obtain accurate results but with poor
reproducibility (precision}.
Are there parameters that are difficult to spike?
Yes. There are a number of parameters that are difficult
to spike because of the nature of the analysis being
performed. These include:
- Fecal coliform
- Total coliform
- Acidity
- Alkalinity
- Chlorine
- Color
- Dissolved Oxygen
- Hydrogen Ion (pH)
- Oil & Grease
- Residue (including: total, filterable, non-filterable,
settleable, and volatile)
- Temperature
- Turbidity
** OC samples (available from EPA. Cincinnati or from private
vendors) should be analyzed frequently for parameters that
are not routinely spiked.
What do I spike?
\
Spike samples that are routinely analyzed. Plant effluent
samples should be routinely spiked, since these analytical
results are very important for NPDES compliance monitoring.
What do I spike with?
You add a small amount of a standard solution to a sample.
-------
page 3 of 16
rigur* fx Accuracy and Fraciaion Illuatratad
Good Accuracy and Good Precision
Good Accuracy and Poor Praciaion
Ave. is great!
Poor Accuracy and Good Precision
-------
page 4 of 16
Generally, you spike with your stock solution or the same
solution that you use to calibrate your instrument.
However, you may also use an external reference sample as
your spiking material. The key here is to make sure that
you accurately know the concentration of the material that
you are using for your spike.
At what step in the analysis should I spike?
There are two types of matrix spikes: method matrix spikes
and measurement matrix spikes. The measurement matrix spike
involves spiking after the sample preparation step. The
method matrix spike is when the sample is spiked and
processed just a6 any other sample (digestion, distillation,
etc.). Each type may provide useful information. By far the
most rigorous spiking method, fthe type referred to in this
reports, is the method matrix spike. Spike the sample prior
to beginning the analytical process. This will result in the
spiked sample being.taken through all steps including such
sample preparation steps as: digestion, extraction,
distillation, etc.
How often do I spike?
This is a difficult question to answer and may vary depending
upon: the permit requirements (some permits specify the
frequency of spike analyses); the in-house quality assurance
program; the method; the analyst; how frequently you perform
the analysis; and how well you need to characterize the
quality of your data. However, a good rule of thumb is to
spike 10% of vour samples—that is: spike 1 out of every 10
samples analyzed or spike 1 with each set of fewer than ten
samples. If you determine the same analyte in more than one
sample matrix (e.g., effluent, plant process sample, Bludge,
etc.), you should prepare and analyze spikes on a 10% basis,
for each different sample matrix. Each matrix will require
different control limits and the data for each matrix should'
be compiled in separate data bases (separate QC tables) .
How do I spike?
Essentially, the idea is to add a small amount of a standard
solution to a sample. The standard solution is added to a
volumetric flask with a volumetric pipet or calibrated
microliter pipet and then the remainder of the flask is
diluted to the fill mark with the sample. You then analyze
both the unaltered sample and the spiked sample. The amount
of increase should exactly equal the amount of spike added,
but often it does not. However, based upon.spiking data you
will be generating (data base), you will be able to determine
if the amount you recover is acceptable.
-------
page 5 of 16
When spiking you must accurately know the following:
- The concentration of the spiking solution.
- The volume of the spike added.
- The volume of the sample to which the spike is added.
The concentration of the spiking solution is known to you
because you prepared the stock solution. Xn many methods,
the concentration of this solution is 1000 mg/L or 500 mg/L.
You determine the volume of the spiking solution to be
added and measure that volume by using a glass volumetric
pjpet or a microliter t>it>et. The advantage of using a
microliter pipet is that you do not dilute the sample with
the spike. This makes the calculation of the spike recovery
much easier later on and makes the spiking procedure
sensitive to sample interferences (sample is not diluted).
A disadvantage of the microliter pipets is that they may
require a little more technique. Also, since the pipets
deliver such small volumes even the slightest error is quite
significant. For pointers on pipeting see the essay entitled
"Making Dilutions".
How much do I spike?
Little information is obtained if 2 ppm is spiked into a
sample already containing as much as 200 ppm or as little
as 0.02 ppm of the target analyte.
It is suggested that amounts be added to low concentration
samples sufficient to double that concentration? and an
amount be added to intermediate concentration samples
sufficient to bring the final concentration in the sample to
50-75% of the upper limit of vour standard curve. If past
experience does not allow you to estimate the approximate
concentration of the sample, then spike with a mid-range
amount. If this results in a spike amount not in line with
the rules of thumb (for low or intermediate concentration
samples mentioned above), then either spike with less (so
that the spike is closer in concentration to the sample) or
first dilute the sample. Sample dilution should be kept to a
minimum.
Another important consideration (general good analytical
practice) is that THE CONCENTRATION OF THE SPIKED SAMPLE MUST
BE WITHIN THE CONCENTRATION RANGE OF THE CALIBRATION CURVE.
How do I calculate spike Quantities?
Examples:
Spiking with volumetric pipets
Let's say your high standard is 1.2 mg/L and that the
measured amount in the sample is 0.5 mg/L and you want
the final spiked sample concentration to be 75% of the
-------
page 6 of 16
highest standard. Therefore you want 0.90 mg/L as the true or
theoretical value for the matrix spiked sample and you
need to spike with 0.40 mg/L* This could he obtained by
adding 4.0 nL (using a volumetric pipet) of a 10 mg/L solution
to a 100 mL volumetric flask and carefully filling it to the
fill mark with a well-mixed aliquot of the sample. For an
explanation of the calculations involved, see the essay
entitled "Making Dilutions'1.
Another way we could have spiked in this hypothetical example
would have been to take 20 mL of a 2.0 mg/L standard
(prepared for your calibration curve). Ibis 20 mL of spike
would be added to a 100 mL flask and filled with sample to
the fill mark. This would have added the desired 0.4 mg/L
spike. Unfortunately, we have diluted the sample by the
addition of the 20 mL of the spike. In fact, the sample was
diluted 80 mL of sample to 100 mL final volume. This results
in a sample concentration of 0.80 X 0.5 mg/L, (where 0.5 mg/L
was the measured value for the original sample) or 0.4 mg/L.
The theoretical value for the sample spiked in this manner'
(20 mL of spike used) would be:
0.4 mg/L (sample) + 0.4 mg/L (spike added) = 0.8 mg/L.
It is necessary to correct for this sample dilution in the
calculation of % recovery (see "How to calculate % recovery'^ .
Even in the first example (4 mL of spike plus 96 mL of sample),
the sample was diluted by the spike. The 0.5 mg/L sample
concentration would be diluted to 0.48 mg/L, so that if you
prepared your spike as described, you would expect the value
of the prepared spiked sample to be:
0.48 mg/L + 0.4 mg/L = 0.88 mg/L
AN IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION IK SPIKING WITH VOIUMETRIC PIPETS
AND VOLUMETRIC FLASKS IS THAT THE VOLUME OF THE SPIKE
fANALYTE DISSOLVED IN LABORATORY PURE WATER! IS DILUTING
THE SAMPLE. As just illustrated, this must be taken into
account in calculating the true value expected when the
spiked sample is analyzed. In addition, since you are trying
to determine if the sample contains interferences to the
analysis by seeing if you can measure a known amount of the
analyte added into the sample itself, you do not want to
alter the sample. If you use significant amounts of
deionized water (associated with the spiking solution), you
are diluting out potential interferences. As a possible
result, when you analyze the spiked sample you may get the
expected concentration. However, you may have not done so
well if the sample matrix contained interferences and you had
not diluted these problems with deionized water (associated
with the spike). a good rule of thumb is: -don't dilute
YOUR SAMPLE MATRIX BY MORE THAN 10%. In our original
example (4.0 mL of stock solution was spiked into a 100 mL
volumetric flask and diluted with sample),
-------
page 7 of 16
this represents a 4 % dilution:
[ 1 - Qfi pT, of sample ] * 100 or 4 % dilution of the sample.
100 mL final volume
This means we have only diluted the sample matrix by 4 *.
This is well within the 10 % rule of thumb, and the result of
the analysis of a spike prepared in this manner should be
indicative of the actual sample matrix. In the second example,
the sample was diluted by 20 %:
[ 1 - 80 mL of sample ] * 100 = 20 %
100 mL final volume
TWO KEY IDEAS IN SPIKING: add a small amount of a standard
solution to a sample; and always correct for any dilution of
the sample by the spike.
SPIKING WITH MICROLITER PIPETS
Another approach to this same spiking experiment would have
been to use microliter pipets. Again, you wanted a 0.40 mg/L
spike. In this case you could take 400 uL (0.40 mL) of a
100 mg/L stock solution and dilute to 100 mL. (volumetric
flask) with the sample. For an explanation of the
calculations involved, 6ee the essay entitled "Making
Dilutions". The good news is that vou have not diluted the
sample to any significant decrree in the spiking process. As
a result, the potential sample interferences (which you are
trying to detect) are not diluted. Now the bad news.
Microliter pipets can be tricky to use. Many folks feel they
are more difficult to use reliably than volumetric pipet6.
They point out the importance of using significant volumes
and the advantages of using less concentrated stock
solutions. After all you are dealing with much smaller
volumes when using microliter pipets and the slightest error
in delivery due to technicue or pjpet operation, results in a
large relative error. I think the key is to: read the
manufacturer•s instructions carefully; practice and calibrate
the microliter pipets frequently (at least initially and once
each quarter). This calibration can be done by weight
(dispensing laboratory pure water) or colorimetrically (see
the essay entitled "Making Dilutions" for more details on
micropipet calibration).
How do I calculate percentage recoveries?
How well the analytical method performed in the sample matrix
is generally expressed/determined in terms of spike recoveries.
Of the amount of analyte spiked into the sample, what % was
recovered? The equation for this calculation is as follows:
-------
page B of 16
% RECOVERY = SSR -SR * 100
SA
where SR «= (SD * DE)
SSR (Spiked Sample Result) « measured conc. of the spiked sample
SR (Sample Result) = measured conc. of the unspiked sample adjusted
for dilution of the sample bv the bp ike
SA (Spike .Added) «= conc. of the spike, (this is calculated)
SD (Sample Direct) = measured conc. of the unspiked sample
DE (Dilution Effect) ¦ Volume of Sample (mLs)
Final total volume (mLs)
The DE (Dilution Effect) could also be expressed asr:
DE
Vol. of Sample fmLsl
Vol. of Sample (mLs) + Vol. of Spike (mis)
How do I determine if the spike recovery was acceptable?
This can be determined by calculating "acceptance limits" for
the % spike recovery. Acceptance limits are determined on a
statistical basis using the previous spike recovery results
obtained by your laboratory. One set of limits for each
analyte and for each matrix is determined. For most
analvtes. over the mid range of the standard curve
concentrations. spike recoveries are independent of
concentration, therefore a separate set of statistics and
data base need not be maintained for different
concentrations. However, if the concentration range of the
data is obviously split, and/or if the concentration range
is very wide (as for influent spike data and outfall spike
data), then separate data bases and statistics should be
maintained for each of these types of samples/concentration
ranges.
There are two sets of control limits. These are the Warning
Limits and the Acceptance Limits. These relate to the
average % recovery as follows:
"Not
Accept."
< (-3 std.)
Dev.
< "Warning" >|< (-2 Std.) :
"Check for | Dev.
Error" j"Acceptable"
1
Lower
Acceptance
Limit
(+3 Std.) >
Dev.
: (+2 Std.) >|< "Warning" >
Dev. | "Check for
"Acceptable"| Error"
"Not
Accept."
Lower | | Upper
Warning Ave. % Recovery Warning
Limit Limit
Upper
Acceptance
Limit
l<-
Acceptable Data-
-------
page 9 of 16
Only values beyond 3 standard deviations (+ or -) from the
average recovery value, that is beyond the "Lower or Upper
Acceptance Limits", are considered "Not Acceptable". Spike
recovery values more than two standard deviations from the
average recovery value, but less than three standard
deviations from the mean recovery, are within the "Warning
Limit". Such results are acceptable but the analyst should
be aware that these results are dangerously close to being
unacceptable (caution/concern signal). Such results are often
labeled as "Check for Error" (Warning).
Additional information concerning the statistical basis for
the determination of the accuracy (% recovery) control limits
is explained in the Appendix.
The calculations for determining the control limits
for accuracy cure detailed in Table 41 (Accuracy-Quality
Control Table). These are completed as follows:
1. The table is set up for twenty samples. As data is
generated, it should be immediately added to the table.
2. Columns 1—9 are filled in using the definition of SSR
SR and SA given at the bottom of the Table. Similarly,
the equation for calculation of %R is listed as:
%R = SSR-SR * 100
SA where SR = (SD * DE)
where SR is the measured sample concentration adjusted .
for anv dilution bv the spike volume (Sample result SD times
the "DILUTION EFFECT" DE), as defined on page 8.
As each spike result is obtained, the %R should be
calculated and the result entered in the table. Each %R
should be tested against the control limits (once
established).
3. After 20 recovery values have been filled in, then
the sum of the %Recovery values can be calculated. This
is labeled as "A" at the bottom of Column §9.
4. Each %R value is multiplied times itself to obtain the
%RR values in Column #10, (%RR = %R * %R). These are summed
to calculate "B".
5. As indicated in the table in step #1, the value "A"
is multiplied times itself (squared) and the resultant value
is divided by the number of entries (n). This generates
the value labeled SI.
6. The value for "B" is obtained from the bottom of Column #10.
7. The variance (VAR) is then calculated by subtracting
-------
TAtc il fleo/iey Duality Control tabla (Stwuhwt Method)
Par;
Tabta 1
Concentration uiiis t.
Hathod:
Iretrtwwnt;
Detaction:
Liaii
M— fnr.. all rtriw).
ftmtnt ,
•¦Currant
•• Currant
mi..
julgMLtAlti!
-ant Ubptr
r«ni Lowar Recapianco Haiti
Cone. P—»T-
Oita Praparad Cbagtn/f inal>:.
Cotuan •:
1 2 3 4
Rrwlyst:.
•• Currant Uppar Warning Uilti,
¦a Currant Lowar* Warning Utiti,
aa 8amd on pravioua iabla, Tabla is.
e
10
n i 5a«pla i
1
2
3
4
9
b
7
"T
I
1
I
I
1
J
I
f
I
I
B I
9 :
10!
lit
I2t
131
14!
193
it:
171
tet
191
201
use
IVtalyafc ! 5«W
"W
vr
tot
Sum
XR *
CO)
trr
in
m
in
m
lit
nt
tn
! (I
:tt
tit
t:i
tn
tit
t:i
Ml
m
nt
m
t:i
tn
in
tit
.it*
mr
11iSua
IlttPps
111 CarfrV} Llaiia;
Upper Rccsptanca Liait: Rva. V. N ~ 9 Std. DlV.
Louw Rcc«pt«ict Liait: Rva. * R » 3 Sid. Oav.
llppar Warning Limit: Rva. X P ~ 2 Sid. Oav.
Lower- Marning Liaii: Ova. '55 R - 2 Std. Dav.
-------
page 11 of 16
"El" from "B" and dividing this difference by the number
of entries less one (n-1).
8. The Standard Deviation is calculated from the Variance
(VAR) by taking the square root of the Variance. This
calculation can be performed manually, or the result can be
looked up in math tables or an inexpensive calculator can be
used. m fact, MOST OF THE TABLE AND THE ASSOCIATED
EQUATIONS ARE NECESSARY TO OBTAIN THE STD. DEV. OF THE %R
VALUES —AGAIN A CALCULATOR CAN MAKE THIS TASK VERY EASY.
9. The Control Limits are calculated using the Ave. %R and
the Std. Dev. The Control Limits equations: Ave. %R plus
or minus three times the standard deviation for the
Acceptance Limits and the Ave. %R plus or minus two times the
standard deviation for the Warning Limits, are straightforward
and are listed at the bottom of table #1.
10. When the first Table is completed, a new table is
started by filling in the Control limits from the first table
(at the top) . &s each new spike recovery value is entered.
the %R is tested against the current control limits. Spike
recovery values need to be added immediately to the table as
the analyses are performed, so that if they are beyond the
limits appropriate action can be taken to correct the
situation, reanalysis, etc. Similarly, when the second table
is completed, the calculated limits are used to fill in the
top of the next new table, and so on.
One important point about each additional chart (which is
different from the first table) is that UNACCEPTABLE RESULTS
(VALUES BEYOND THE ACCEPTANCE LIMITS) SHOULD NOT BE USED TO
GENERATE THE AVERAGE RECOVERY VALUE, THE STANDARD DEVIATION
OR THE CONTROL LIMITS. This means don't use the "problem"
recoveries in any of the calculations. This will require you
to use a different n value (the number of values used in the
calculation of average and the standard deviation), e.g. if
only 18 values were acceptable use n=18 in the Ave. % R
calculation and n-1 or (18-1) «= 17 in the calculation of the
Variance (VAR).
Quality Control Charts
An additional method of displaying spike recovery data is
using QC charts. Such a chart is displayed in Fiqure #2. It
is a plot of entry number (n) on the X-axis versus the %R
obtained. The mean %R and Upper and Lower Warning and
Acceptance Limits are displayed. These limits and average
are based on the last control table (the established limits)
and the data being entered is the ongoing (current) recovery
values. This type of display makes it easy to see any
pattern obtained in %Recovery. Are the %R values
progressively getting better or poorer? Are they fairly
evenly distributed around the Ave. %R value (ideal!)?
-------
Figure #2 Kx&apl* of Accuracy Quality Control Chart
Upper Control limit 1+ 3 gtd» &*v«)
Central (Arertfe)
Lower Control limit (- 3 Std. Dev.)
Time or Order of Remits
-------
page 13 of 16
What do You do when the spike results are Not Acceptable?
When unacceptable spike results are obtained, check your
calculations. If calculation errors were not at fault,
repeat the spike analyses. If the rerun is acceptable, you
are donel
If the rerun does not generate acceptable results, the cause
for the difficulty must be determined. As a first step, a
different sample should be spiked. The results of this
second sample spike may provide useful information:
A. Indication of a particular problem sample:
If the second sample spike is "acceptable" as determined from
the control table, this indicates that the problem may be
restricted to a particular problem sample. This result tends
to rule out things that affect the entire analytical run,
such a6 the general analytical procedure, the
instrumentation, etc. Of course analytical accidents do
happen and may only effect a single/few samples. The next
step is to backup and try to resolve the problem with the
difficult sample. Some analysts find that if it is possible
to dilute a troublesome sample and still remain within the
analytical working range, that difficulties with spike
recovery are often eliminated. Review the section of the
analytical method concerning known interferences. Host
methods detail how to eliminate these problems. Do it! Is
the sample highly colored (this often interferes with
colorimetric test), or does it contain a lot of solids or is
it in general, non-homogeneous. If the method provides
procedures for removing these problems, follow the
instructions detailed in the method. Some problem samples
lend themselves to the Method of Additions or Method of
Dilutions. These techniques are described in subsequent
sections of this essay. If you are able to solve the problem
do so. Document your efforts and verify that additional
samples do not share these recovery/accuracy problems.
B. Indication of a general problem:
If on the other hand, the second spike sample is "not
acceptable" this tends to indicate a more generalized
problem. Either the sample matrix of the samples is causing
the problem or the analytical technique, instrument etc.
Check your equipment, reagents and carefully review your
analytical technique. If you are able to solve the problem,
do so. Perhaps all of the samples in the analytical run need
method of additions or dilutions (or something!). If you
solve the problem, then all the samples in the analytical
sequence since the last acceptable spike recovery should be
reanalyzed. Whatever you did to make the spikes work, should
also be done to all the other samples in the run.
You have a problem and it won't go awavl: If the spike
problems can not be resolved, either for a particular problem
-------
page 14 of 16
sample or for an entire analytical run, document what you
have done and the corrective actions you have attempted. The
associated data on the DMR form should be flagged. If it is a
particular sample result, flag that one. If it is an entire
analytical run, flag the appropriate results. All the
results should be reported on the DMR but an explanation
should be given for the problems (data flagged) and what
corrective action had been taken. EVERY EFFORT SHOULD BE
MADE TO AVOID THE NECESSITY OF FLAGGING DMR DATA.
IF YOU ARE ROUTINELY HAVING RECOVERY PROBLEMS, CALL THE
STATE AUTHORITY OR THE EPA.
Method of Dilutions or Method of Additions.
These procedures will help verify that there is a real
problem with the method used in the sample matrix and
will, in many cases eliminate the problem and generate a
better estimate of the most likely sample result.
Method of Standard Dilutions:
Take two aliquots of the sample. Dilute both to the same
degree with laboratory pure water and spike one of them. If
the spike recovery is acceptable, the result obtained on the
unspiked portion of the sample (corrected for the dilution
factor) should be reported for compliance purposes. If this
dilution similarly results in unacceptable spike recovery,
then new sample aliquots should be taken and a greater
dilution prepared. Continue this dilution sequence until
acceptable spikes are obtained. The corresponding unspiked
result (after correction for dilution) should be reported as
the sample result. Remember to limit measurements to those
dilutions which result in concentrations within vour
calibration curve. Alsor try to minimize the necessary
dilution so as to minimize the alteration of the original
sample.
Method of Standard Additions
(Refer to page Metal-12, 1979/63 EPA Methods for Chemical
Analysis of Water and Wastes EPA-600/479-020):
In this method, equal volumes of sample are added to a lab
pure water blank and to three standards containing different
known amounts of the test element. The volume of the blank
and the standards must be the same. The instrument response
(adsorbance, etc.) of each solution is determined and then
plotted on the vertical axis of a'graph, with the
concentrations of the known standards plotted on the
horizontal axis. When the resulting line is extrapolated
back to zero instrument response, the point of interception
is the concentration of the unknown (sample). The concentration o
-------
page 15 of 16
the x-axie is scaled the same on the left side of the
ordinate (0,0 point)/ but in the opposite direction. The plot
of sample and standards+sample must be linear over the
concentration range of concern. For best results, the slope
of the Method of Additions plot should be nearly the same as
the slope of the calibration standard curve. If these slopes
are significantly different (more than 20 %), try another
approach to solving your poor spike recovery/ interference
problem.
DOCUMENT all results and actions/efforts—keep good
analytical records. These may ultimately help solve the
"mystery" of poor spike recoveries.
-------
page 16 of 16
Appendix (more on the statistics of control limits):
Acceptance limits are based on the statistical probabilities
of certain events. Every test or measurement we make has a
degree of variability associated with it. Measure the sample
many times and you will get a number of different answers.
The great majority of these will be lumped around the average
of the numbers, called the mean. The mean is calculated just
by adding up all the values obtained and dividing by the
number of values. Each value will differ from the mean value
by some amount. Since most the numbers are close in value to
the mean, for them the difference will be small. It is often
observed that the values from this type of repetitive
measurement experiment will show this pattern or distribution
i.e., most values, are close to the mean, with fewer and fewer
values observed as you move to either side of the mean value
(bigger or smaller). The problem we are faced with i6 this:
when we measure the sample and the spiked sample and
calculate a % recovery we want that recovery to be as good as
possible. However, since the method, our equipment and even
random errors (chance alone) will result in a distribution of
recovery values, how do vou know whether the recovery vou dot
today (which mav seem low compared to recoveries obtained in
the past) is due to chance, or random error or a real
analytical problem? If the spiking process, which gave the
low recovery, was repeated over and over, it may turn out
that the average of these results would be in line with
previous days' results. The originally observed "kind-of-
low" value would be sitting out on the edge of the observed
distribution of values. Well, this is where statistics play
a role. It turns out that due to random chance variations
alone, that 95 % of the recovery values obtained in a
repeated spiking process will always be within a certain
distance of the mean recovery and 99.7 will always be within
a certain slightly larger distance for the mean. This
distance is measured in standard deviations. Standard
deviation is just the average. distance of each value for the
mean. Only about 0.3% of the recovery values will fall
outside of 3 std. deviations from the mean based on random
chance variations. It is generally accepted that if a sample
spike recovery for a given day falls beyond three standard
deviations for the average recovery in the past, that this is
most probably beyond a chance happening, and in fact,
deserves more consideration-reanalysis, etc. Yes there is a
0.3 % chance that you are labeling the spike recovery as
"unacceptable", when it is just due to random chance that you
obtained this "left field" recovery. This is called a type
two statistical error—the error associated with rejecting
"good" (acceptable) data.
The whole crux of the matter is that you want your spike
recoveries for any given day/analysis to be as good as they
have been on average in the past. So the control limits
calculated from a given QC table are used as the current
(decision-making) QC limits while preparing the next table.
-------
Joseph Clayton
USEPA CRL Region III
839 Bestgate Rfl.
Annapolis, Hd. 21401
(301)-266-9180
MAKING DILUTIONS
Utoere is a simple equation vhich describes how to prepare
dilutions :
YOU HAVE YOU KANT
Volume * Concentration • Volume * Concentration
This equation is not "picky" about unit6 as long as they are
the same on both sides of the equation. That is, if you want
to work with concentration units of "ppm" or "ppb" or. ag/L or %
or normality (N) or whatever, just make sure the "You Have" and
the "You Want" sides of the equation agree. Similarly, for
volume. pick the units that are convenient: milliliters (mL) or
liters (L) or microliters (uL). It does not matter, but the
volume units U6ed must be the 6ame on both sides of the "have"
and "want" equation.
Some examples:
z. Preparing Ptftnflfirto*
a. You have a stock ammonia solution that is 1000 mg/L and you
vant to prepa're a 10 mg/L solution. Perhaps this solution
(10 mg/L) will be used as an intermediate stock to prepare even
more dilute standards.
The next question that you must ask yourself is: What
glassware do Z have available and hov much of the final
solution do Z want?
Let's say you want 1000 mis of the 10 mg/L solution and
fortunately you have a 1000 ml volumetric flask. The next
question to be answered is: Hov much of the 1000 mg/L solution
must be added to the 1000 mL volumetric flask? From the above
dilution equation:
YOU HAVE Y6U WANT
(?&!•)* 1000 mg/L - 1000 mL * 10 mg/L
or ? mL * looo nL ~ 10 mg/L « 10 mL
1000 mg/L
A 10 mL aliquot of the 1000 mg/L stock solution is pipetted,
using a volumetric pipet, (technique described in Section
ZV.b.) into a 1000 mL volumetric flask. Then laboratory pure
water is added to fill the flask until the meniscus is at the
fill line (volumetric glassware is described in Section IV.c.).
1.
-------
page 2 of 6
b. Nov suppose you wanted to prepare a series of standande using
this 10 ag/L solution (intermediate standard) to calibrate an
analytical instrument. These are to be 0.20 ag/L, 0.40 ag/L
and 1.0 ag/L. Also, you happen to have a number of 100
aL volumetric flasks, so you want to sake 100 aLs of each of
these. Using the dilution equation to sake the first
standard (0.20 ag/L):
you have yon want
(? aLs) * 10 ag/L - loo aL * 0.20 ag/L
or ? aLs «* 100 al * 0.20 ag/L * 2.0 aL
10 ag/L
For the 0.40 ag/L standard, the dilution equation would be
(? aLs) * 10 ag/L - 100 aL * 0.40 ag/L
or ? aLs - 100 aL » 0.40 ag/L ¦ 4.0 aL
10 ag/L
For the 1.0 ag/L standard, the dilution equation is
(? aLs) * 10 ag/L * 100 aL * 1.0 ag/L
or ? aLs ¦ 100 nL • 1.0 aa/L * 10.0 aL
10 ag/L
c. Next you desire to prepare a aore dilute standard, say
0.05 ag/L, and you have a 100 aL volumetric flask. Which
solution should you use? The 1000 ag/L solution or the 10
ag/L or the 1.0 ag/L (standard) solution?
Piece of cake I Use the dilution equation.
Eov a&ny aLs would be necessary if the 1000 ag/L stock was
used?
YOU HAVE YOU KANT
(? aLs) * 1000 ag/L « 100 ML * 0.05 ag/L
? »TA ac 100 mL ~ 0.05 ag/L * 0.005 aL
1000 ag/L
nov aany aLs would be necessary if the 10 ag/L stock was used?
YOU HAVE YOU WANT
(? aLs) * 10 ag/L - 100 aL * 0.05 ag/L
? aLs ¦ ion m-L ~ 0.05 ag/L * 0.5 aLS
10 ag/L
-------
page 3 of 8
Bov much of the 1*0 ag/L standard would be required?
YOU HAVE
YOU KANT
(? aLs) * 1.0 ag/L - X00 aL * 0.05 mg/L
? aLs - 100 aL » 0.05 aa/L - S.O aLs
1.0 ag/L
The dilution equation indicates the following volumes:
Source
spmtion
Volume needed to prepare
100 aL of 0.05 na/L standard
1000 ag/L
10 ag/L
1
0.005 BLb
0.5 aLs
5.0 bLg
Zf only glass pipets are available, the best choice is 5.0 aL.
If uL volume dispensers are available, one of the smaller
volumes should be acceptable. Great care aust be taken when
using micropipets (see section ZV.c.). In general, the
smaller the volume, the greater the potential error associated
with the volume measurement.
XI. SAHPLE DILUTION:
A good rule of thumb for analysis is that sample values
(concentrations) must be bracketed by standards. If the
sample i6 too concentrated, one technique is to dilute the
sample to within the concentration range ">f the standard
curve (if the samples routinely require dilution, a different
standard curve range should be considered —but always verify
that the new curve is consistent with the calibration
standards specified bv the analytical method). The target
value is the middle of the standard curve.
CASE #1 The sample when analyzed exceeds the standard curve,
but does not go offscale on your instrument, i.e. you have a
fairly good estimate of the sample concentration. You have a
high standard of 1.0 mg/L (0.5 mg/L i6 mid-range)and the
estimated saaple concentration is 10 ag/L (beyond your
highest standard).
You would therefore dilute 5 aL of the sample to 100 mL to obtain
YOU HAVE
YOU WANT
(? aL) * est. conc. (mg/L) « 0.5 mg/L * 100 mL
? mL *, 10 mg/L • 0.5 mg/L * 100 aL
? aL ¦ 0.5 na/L * 100 aL - 5 aL
*
1.0 ag/L
-------
page 4 of 6
an estimated concentration of 0.5 ag/L (middle of the std.
curve).
Case |2 In this ease you are "blown away", as the
staple result Is beyond the range of your instrument and you
have no idea as to the concentration. One approach would be
to guess the approximate concentration and try diluting based
on your guess as in case (1 (YOU HAVE and you KANT aquation).
Another systematic approach would employ serial flj-lVtiftn
(SO). This technique uses one dilution as the source for the
next. This technique generates a wide range of sample
concentrations to help assure that at least one will fall
within the standard curve, or at least help indicate which
dilution to try next.
Sample (S mg/L concentration)
10 mL diluted to 100
First Dilution
mL « 10 fold dilution ("lCx") (D mg/L conc.)
Second Dil.
10 mL of (lOx) diluted to lOOmL - 100 fold dilution ("lOOx") (E mg/L)
3rd Dil.
10 mL of (100X) diluted to lOOmL - 1000 fold dilution ("1000X") (F mg/L)
Of course, the resultant concentration associated with serial;
dilutions still can be calculated using the "You Have" and
"You Want" equation.
YOU HAVE YOU KANT
10 ML * s mg/L ¦ D mg/L * 100 mL
(you are not (this is what
cure what you you will end
started with) up with—first dilution)
S mg/L « D ma/L » 100 mL «* D mg/L * 10
10 mL
or D is 1/10 of 6, or D is 10 fold more dilute than the
original solution and represents a ten fold dilution ("10x").
Continuing with the serial dilution:
YOU HAVE YOU KANT
10 mL * (1/10 S ) ag/L •« E mg/L * 100 mL
(the first (the 2nd
dilution result) dilution result)
1/10 6 - S mg/L * lOOmL » E mg/L * 10
10 mL
-------
page 5 of 8
therefore 8 ¦ E * 100
or E is i/ioo of S (the original sample concentration) and
represents a hundred fold dilution (M100 x"). Similarly, the
third dilution ("lOOOx") could be described using the "You
Have" and "You Want" equation.
XIX* Correction of sample result for dilution
A dilution factor is a correction factor, which vhen
multiplied times the concentration obtained for the diluted
sample, results in the original (undiluted) sample
concentration. The equation for the dilution factor is:
Dilution Factor - Pinal volume of dilution fnLi
Volume of sample diluted (mL)
Dilution factors are independent of volume units BUT THE
VOLUME UNITS FOR THE FINAL VOLUME AND THE VOLUME OF SAMPLE
DILUTED MUST BE THE SAME.
Let's try an example:
You diluted 5 mLs of sample in Case #1 to 100 mL, therefore
Dilution Factor » loo mL ¦ 20
5 mL
The concentration to be reported would be:
Cone, obtained * 20 (Dilution - Final conc.
for the dilution factor) (Reported value)
Dilution factors are independent of concentration units.
Diluted sample concentrations in mg/L, ppb, ppm, ug/L, %,
etc. are corrected to the original sample concentration
(reportable result) with the units unaffected by the dilution
factor. Whatever the unit6 before applying the dilution
factor are the units you remain with.
Dilution factors get a little triefcy vhen it comes to serial
dilutions. X think the easiest way to handle these is first
to calculate a dilution factor for each dilution in the
series and secondly multiply the appropriate factors
together. This "multiplying dilution factors together" i6
vhere it gets a bit complicated.
In Case 12 SERIAL DILUTIONS, (a special type of dilution,
in which one dilution is used as the source for the next
dilution), the first dilution has a dilution factor of:
DF1 « Final volume - 100 aL ¦ 10 - DF1
Volume of Sample 10 mL
-------
page 6 of 8
The second dilution has a dilution factor of:
DF2 - Final volume - 100 mL - 10 * DF1 - 100
Volume of Sample 10 mL
and the third dilution has similarly a dilution
factor of 10 * DF2 « 1000.
If the first dilution is the one that put6 you within your
standard curve, the dilution factor is 10.
If the second dilution results in a concentration
vithin the standard curve, the dilution factor i6 100. This
corresponds to the dilution factor for dilution one times the
dilution factor for dilution two.
Similarly, if the dilution resulting from the third dilution
in the serial dilution was the one that put you vithin your
standard curve, the dilution factor is 1000. This corresponds
to the product of all three dilution factors.
IV. General Considerations:
a. Limiting factors in making dilutions
Your choices in sample dilution may be limited. The volume
of available sample may be limiting. You may not have enough
sample to dilute as you had planned. A6 a result, you may
have to enter the sample volume in as a given value in the
"You Have" and "You Want" equation. Similarly, you may be
limited in your choices by the available glassware. Also,
the final volume of the dilution may be dictated by the
volume of sample needed for the test. These types of
limitations may set many of the values in the "You Have" and
"You Want" equation. For example you only have a 100 mL
volumetric flask— the final volume in the dilution equation
will of necessity be 100 mL. Too often glassware is limiting
in NPDES laboratories. Glassware is not that expensive 1
b. Pipetting
The EPA Handbook for Analytical Quality Control in Water
and Wastewater Laboratories fEPA-600/4-79-019) i6 a good
source of pipetting information. I have included a number
of these items:
1. Volumetric pipets must be held in a vertical position
when emptying and the outflow 6hould be unrestricted. The
tip of the pipet is kept in contact with the wall of the
receiving vessel for a second or two after the free flow has
stopped. Additional liquid in the tip must no£ be removed.
2. All apparatus for delivering liquids must be absolutely
clean so that the film of liquid never breaks at any point
-------
page 7 of 8
(liquid does not bead-up on the glass surfaces). Careful
attention Bust be paid to this tact or the required amount of
solution vill not be delivered. A good laboratory grade soap
and a little "elbow grease" should do the job.
c. Necessary level of accuracy in preparing standards
and sample dilutions:
Standards and sample dilutions should all be made vith
volumetric glassware (class A). The number of standards and
sample dilutions prepared in most wastewater laboratories is
not overwhelming to the extent necessary to justify using
graduated cylinders or serological pipets. The only
exception to this is that if the sample has significant
(visible! suspended solids, the opening in the volumetric
pjpet can actually restrict larger solids from passing and
as a result aav give a bias sampling (the pipet may act as a
filter)•
Volumetric glassware refers to accurately calibrated
glassware for precise measurements of volume. Examples would
include volumetric pipets and flasks, of course, the
accuracy of glassware is no greater than the care of the
analyst. The volumetric glassware (pipet6 and flasks) must
be read correctly. The bottom of the water meniscus (due to
surface tension) must be tangent to the calibration mark. In
addition, volumetric glassware ha6 been calibrated by the
manufacturer at a set temperature. This is usually 20°c and
i6 marked on the glassware. Water solutions (standards and
sample) will expand their volume at the rate of 0.20 mL per
degree increase in temperature. The easiest way to avoid
temperature problems is to let solutions come to room
temperature ~ (approximately 20°C assuming your laboratory has
proper temperature control).
What is class A glassware?
NBS at one time offered calibration of glassware and
certification of the volumes to manufacturers. This service
is no longer offered. Consequently, the various glass
manufacturers have discontinued the listing of NBS-certified
glassware. In its place, catalog listings of volumetric
glass apparatus that meet the Federal specifications are
designated as "class A" and all such glassware is permanently
marked with a large "A". NPDES LABORATORIES SHOULD ROUTINELY
£S£ CLASS «&« GLASSWARE.
Another, type of volumetric measuring device is available.
This i6 the microliter pjpet. These devices deliver
nicroliter volumes and have removable disposable tip6 (use
and throw away) which helps avoid cross-contamination. These
"pipets" can be quite accurate. However thev must be.
periodically tested to assure that the calibration remains
accurate. The calibration could be validated by repeated
-------
page 8 of e
delivery of lab pure water (at 20°CJ onto a pre-veighed
vessel. The density of water at this temperature is 0.99B203
gms/mL (CSC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics) so that 0.1 ml
should weigh 0.09982 gms and 20 uL would weigh 0.0200 gms,
etc* A significant weight should be used (0.1000 gm or
greater). Multiple volume deliveries can help increase the
weight. Another technique involves a eoloriaetric procedure
and is offered by several vendors. The absorbance of a
provided colored reference solution is compared to that
obtained when the microliter pipet is used to prepare
specified dilutions.
-------
Reporting facility Specific ("Alternate") MOLs:
Required by 40 CFR Part 136 Appendix- B:
* Analytical Method (Title* #).
* HDL with units.
* Analytical options if any (CE vs. Separatory funnel,
conc. via evaporation, sample cleanup, etc.).
* Sample matrix.
* Average analyte concentration.
* Whether the MDL Determination used an iterative process.
* If spiking was necessary and the average recovery.
Implied by 40 CFR Part 136 Appendix B:
* Results of MDL determination in Lab pure water.
"IF the level of the analyte in the sample was below the
determined MDL or exceeds 10 times the MDL of the analyte in
reagent water, do not report a value of the MDL"
Suggestions:
* Date of sampling and date of analysis.
* All data (instrument readings, calibration standard
concentrations, calculations, etc.) necessary to reconstruct
the MDL determinations.
* The method used to develop the "estimated MDL".
* The "estimated MDL" used to initiate the procedure.
* Method listed "MDLs" and/or "Detection Limits", etc.
* Use of blanks in MDL results L levels measured (ave. level).
* Lab/analyst/instrument/reagent water source
used to determine MDL.
* Lab/analyst/instrument/reagent water source
used to perform analyses for DMR.
* Calibration procedure used and concentrations of calibration
standards analyzed.
* Source of calibration standards and ext.PE reference materials.
-------
Reporting facility Specific ("Alternate") MDLs
Suggestions (continued) :
* Require the "optional" iterative verification of the MDL.
* QC data associated with method used for DMR, e.g.,
precision chart/data, accuracy chart/data.
* DMRQA results for the method/parameter for the last* three
studies.
-------
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION REPORT DATE: 7/ 6/90
DMR-QA STUDY NUMBER 010
PERMITTEE* OC
V REPORT TRUE ACCEPTANCE WARNING PERFORMANCE
ANALYTES P VALUE VALUE* LIMITS LIMITS EVALUATION
MISCELLANEOUS ANALYTESi
PH-UNITS 6.0 6.00 5.86- 6.12 5.89- 6.09 ACCEPTABLE
TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS 360 73.0 61.3- 78.0 63.3- 75.9 NOT ACCEPTABLE
CIN MG/L)
NUTRIENTS IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER:
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS 10 9.00 6.91- 10.5 7.34- 10.1 ACCEPTABLE
DEMANDS IN MILLIGRAMS PER LITER *
5-DAY BOD 100 50.9 29. 1- 72.8 34.5- 67.4 NOT ACCEPTABLE
TOTAL ADDITIONAL MISCELLANEOUS ANALYTES:
RESIDUAL CHLORINE X 1.5 1.50 0.896- 1.82 1.02- 1.70 ACCEPTABLE
MG/L)
BASED UPON THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS, OR A REFERENCE VALUE WHEN NECESSARY.
PAGE 1 (LAST PAGE)
-------
KFDES SELF-MONITORINC SYSTEM
USER GUIDE
Offlee of Water
Office of Water Enforcement and Permits
January 1985
U.S. Envlronaental Protection Agency
EN-338
401 K Street S.V.
Washington, B.C. 20460
-------
, NMt/UmfM V Jiininii
BBSI
£se*uf
NATIONAL POtLtitANt BlifMAHOt ELIMINATION KITIH |Nr»M(
DISCHARGE MONITORING REPORT (OMR)
tf-»> IIMfl
PERMIT HUMRCR
•IICMMI NUMBCK
form Approved
OMB No. 204(1000
Expires 2-2984
CACllltf
1£€A7J2>!
prom
MONITORINO
PERIOD
YEAR
MO
DAT
TO
YEAR
MO
OAV
i;> m iw-jti HOTEi R»»d Pn»tllM.W(>n» b>fof cwiyliBm fth term.
- MDAHnn
vim
(I Cm4 (Mr) OUANTITY Oil LOAOINO
t'UI) 0449}
AVCRAOB
MAIIMUM
UNITS
(« Cmft Clmtf}
<*»-«>
QUALITY ON CONCENTRATION
««-»n ««<»
MINIMUM
AVMAOt
MAXIMUM
NO.
Ill
ll0H MMMITtlD HfUCM AMO »*ftO
ON MT Kouwr or VNOSK MOV«UHI IMMtOMttV WIWMlt ION
OltWM tMt •ranUfttN f Mi«V( tM* mtMTIIO ffOHMAflON
«s (M ACCU»Aft «M) COMnlfC I AM AWMtt VMAY fKRC •»€ t*0
MtlCANt rOM ftMMHM rAtftt MTORMMON MCIIONQ
»«t ro!W«i.tiT or rwit a no n»w«o»mwt mi ii uic • loot «no
llUftC ft 1)11 »W«v fkw m« wM» fa»» ap h Inm
•w# h* MMNIM mmpnmmmmmt >4 trtrnvrn I ^N»rl* •«! I inn I
• •¦NATURE OP PRINCIPAL KKCUTIVI
OPPICEN ON AUTHONIKO AOENT
mtPNONI
D A ~ I
im
TEAR
MO
OAV
IPA Fein
IR«». |0-79)P«tVIOU« COITION TO II UHO
1 'iiNtu •I'rrttriK r»««ii"rr<>
IRi
-40 WHICH MAY NOT ¦¦ UIID.I
-------
Discharge Monitoring Report
Instructions for Completion
(See Figure 1)
1* Permittee Kane/Address — Record naae and address of permittee* If
different, the name and location of the treatment facility should
also be recorded.
2. Permit Number - Record the State abbreviation and permit number, as
it appears in the upper right hand corner of the permit*
3* Discharge Number - Record the nusber as stated in the permit for the
actual discharge being reported. Usually, the effluent pipe from
a treatment plant is designated as "001" (Use three digits).
4. Monitoring Period - Record the dates for the beginning and end of
the monitoring period. Specify "YEAR, MO, DAT* (e.g. 84/04/29).
Monitoring period is from the first day to the last day of the
calendar month.
5. Parameter - Enter the parameters specified in the permit, one para-
meter per box. Include any applicable special conditions.
6. Sample Measurement - Enter sample measurement data for each parame-
ter under "Quantity or Loading" or "Quality or Concentration" In
accordance with permit limitations. Indicate units as specified in
permit. "Average" is normally arithmetic average (geometric average
for bacterial parameters) of all sample measurements for each
parameter obtained during the monitoring period. "Maximum" and
"Minimum" are normally extreme high and low measurements obtained
during the monitoring period. (Municipals with secondary treatment
requirement should enter 30-dajr average of sample measurements under
"Average" and enter maximum 7-dsy average of sample measurements
obtained during monitoring period under "Maximum." (See instruction
"for example calculations.")
11PDES Self-Monitoring System User Glide
14
January 1985
-------
DISCLAIMER
This Mnn»i has been reviewed by the Office of Water Enforcement and
Feraits, U.S. Environaental Protection Agency, and approved for
publication* Mention of trade names or eonmercial products constitutes
neither endoraeaent nor recoaaendation for use*
-------
Discharge Monitoring »*port Instructions (cont'd)
7* Permit Requirement - Inter requirement for each parameter-as
specified In Che permit under "Quality or loading" or "Quality or
Concentration"*
6. No. Ex. (Number of Exceptions). Enter the number of sample
measurements as calculated values for the monitoring period that
exceed (maximum and/or minimum, 7-day average, etc*) the permit
requirements for each parameter. The number should be the total of
all exceptions during the reporting period—Includes loading and
quality or concentration limits. If none, enter "0".
9. Frequency of Analysis - Enter frequency of analysis vhlch is the
actual frequency of sampling and analysis used during the monitoring
period; the minimum Is as specified in permit. Enter "COOT" for
continuous monitoring, "01/07" for one day per veek, "01/30" for one
day per month, "01/90" for one day per quarter, etc.
10. Sample Type - Enter the sample type both as Sample Measurement
(actual sample type used during monitoring period) and as Permit
Requirement. Enter "GRAB" for Individual aample, "24HC" for 24-hour
composite, "N/A" for continuous monitoring.
11. Completion of Reported Values. After entering each parameter, and
the permit conditions for each, the values must be computed. Listed
below are sample calculations.
a. Quality or Concentration. As an example, complete the concen-
tration (mg/L) for BOD5* Table 1, page 15, "Monthly Monitoring
Data", lists five BOD5 tests for the month reported. The values
are 19, 6, 11, 7, and 10 mg/L* The average concentration of
HPDES Self-ifcmiCoring System User Guide
15
January 1985
-------
Table 1
Monthly Monitoring Data (Sample)
(December 1982}
Flow BODs TSS pH CI?-
1st Week
Date
Hon
127T
.50
7.3
2.3/1.5
Tue
12/2
.32
7.7
1.8/1.6
Wed
12/3
.33
19
34
7.4
2.3/2.3
Tbu
12/4
.33
7.6
2.0/2.0
Fri
12/5
.43
6.8
2.3/1.9
Sat
12/6
.34
7.2
1.7/1.6
Sun
12/7
.25
7.4
1.7/1.7
2nd Week
0.2/1.8
Hon
12/8
.58
7.6
Toe
12/9
.47
6
3
7.4
1.7/1.8
Ved
12/10
.42
7.0
0.0/1.6
Tbu
12/11
.37
6.6
2.0/2.1
Fri
12/12
.46
6.8
1.8/2.0
Sat
12/13
.32
7.0
1.9/1.9
Sua
12/14
.27
7.0
1.7/1.8
3rd Week
Hon
12/15
.62
7.4
1.6/1.8
Tue
12/16
.61
7.*5
2.1/2.0
Ved
12/17
.61
6.9
1.9/2.0
Thu
12/18
.60
-11
IS
7.3
1.6/1.8
Fri
12/19
.46
6.8
1.6/1.7
Sat
12/20
.36
7.2
1.6/1.9
Sun
12/21
.40
7.4
1.8/1.7
4th Week
0.0/0.0
Hon
12/22
.52
7
6
6.8
Tue
12/23
.40
10
7.2
0.3/1.8
Ved
12/24
.38
6.9
1.9/2.1
Tbu
12/25
.45
7.0
2.0/1.9
Fri
12/26
.42
7.1
1.8/2.3
Sat
12/27
.39
7.2
1.6/1.8
Sun
12/28
.42
7.0
1.7/1.9
5th Week
Hon
12/29
.64
6.8
1.7/1.9
Tue
12/30
.45
7.2
2.0/1.8
HFDES Self-Monitoring Systea User Guide
16
January 1985
-------
Discharge Monitoring Report Instructions (cont'd)
10*6 ag/L vu determined by adding these five values and
dividing by the number of values.
The highest concentration (19 og/L) and the nonthly average
concentration (10*6 ag/L) are entered on the monthly aonltoring
report as aaxlatta and average concentration, respectively. The
total number of exceptions (permit conditions exceeded) for
average and nwriatra concentrations oust be entered in the "No.
Ex." boxes on the report for each paraaeter. In the saaple
Illustration, there vere no noncompliances of the perait condi-
tions, thus, no exceptions* The "average" figure reported will
correlate with the "average aonthly" Unit in the discharge
perait and the "aaxLaua" figure reported will correlate with the
"aaxlaua daily-marl win Instantaneous concentration" Halts in
the discharge perait*
Dse the above procedures for calculating and reporting concen-
trations (ag/L) for total suspended solids, phosphoruc. ammonia,
•etals, etc.
b. Quantity or Loadings (lbs/day or kg/day). The "average aonthly
discharge" is the total of the daily loads (in pounds) as
derived froa eaeh day's calculated aeasureaent divided by the
nuaber of days during the aonth the aeasureaents vere nade. In
coapletlng calculations for these averages, quantities or load-
ings are to be reported in lbs/day or kg/day using the following
aquations:
Quantity (lbs/dy) ¦ Flow (KGD) * conc. (ag/L) x 8.34 (lbs/gal)
Quantity (kg/dy) » Flow (KGD) x conc. (ag/L) x 3.79 (kg/gal)
WTOES Self Monitoring Systea User Guide
17
January 1985
-------
Table 2
5-fi*y Biochemical Oxygen Deaand (BOD5)
(Sample Calculation)
Flow (HGD) x BOD«; (ag/1) » 8.34 (lbs/gal) - Quantity (lbs/dy)
let Week
Wed
2nd Week
Tue
3rd Week
Thu
4th Week
Hon
Tue
•33
.47
.60
.52
.40
19
6
11
7
10
8.34
8.34
8.34
8.34
8.34
52.29
23.52
55.04 (highest)
30.36
33.36
Daily Average - 52.29 + 23.52 + 55.04 + 30.36 + 33.36 - 194.57 - 38.9 lbs/dy
5 5
Maximum ¦> 55.0 lbs/dy
BOD5 Dally Average Loading (lbs/dy) ¦ 38.9 lbs/dy
BOD5 Maximum Dally Loading (lbs/dy) ¦ 55.0 lbs/dy
Total Suspended Solids (TSS)
(Sample Calculation)
Floy (MSP) x TSS (ag/1) x 8.34 (lbs/gal) ¦ Quantity (lbs/dy)
.33 34 8.34 93.57 (highest)
.47 3 8.34 11.76
.60 15 8.34 75.06
.52 6 8.34 26.02
1st Week
Wed
2nd Week
Tue
3rd Week
Thu
4th Week
Hon
Monthly Average ¦ 93.57 + 11.76 + 75.06 + 26.02 ¦ 206.41 » 51.6 lbs/dy
4 4
Maximum ¦ 93.57 lbs/dy
TSS Daily Average Loading (lbs/dy) "51.6 lbs/dy
TSS Maxima Dialy Loading (lbs/dy) ¦ 93.6 lbs/dy
NPDES Self-Monitoring System User Guide
18
January 1985
-------
Discharge Monitoring Report Instructions (cont'd)
Enter the average monthly loading for BOD5 (38.9 lbs/dy In the
Table 2 example) jsnd the msTlmum dally loading (55*0 lbs/dy) on
the DMR as "average" and 'mfrnm*, respectively. The total
number of exceptions (permit conditions exceeded) for the
average and wnrtmnn mist be entered In the "Ho* Ex." box on the
report* As with B0D5, Total Suspended Solids averages are
entered on the DH&* (Table 2, lover, Illustrates TSS
calculations.)
c. Plow. When flow Is to be monitored the average monthly flow is
the average of all the dally determinations of flow made during
the monthly reporting period. The flow from the staple
Illustration (Table iy was computed to be 0*44 MGD. The dally
oaTtmm flow Is the highest dally flow observed during the
monthly reporting period. This was 0.64 MGD which occurred on
Monday of the 5th week In the sample illustration. The monthly
average and dally wmrlmiaii flow should be determined from avail-
able data* Sally flow and concentration are used In calculating
loadings* Enter both these two values on the report form. The
total number of exceptions (permit conditions exceeded) for
average flow must be entered In the "NO* EX" box on the report.
d. pH (Standard Units. S*P*)* The minimum and the maximum values
for pH allowed In a discharge permit are usually listed toward
the bottom of the "Effluent Limitations" page. Reported values
should be extremes only* of all the test values determined
during the reporting month. (Beference to the sample monitoring
data [Table 1] Indicates that the maximum pi la 7.7 S.D. and the
KPDE5 Self-Monitoring System User Guide
19
January 1985
-------
Discharge Monitoring Report Instractions (cont'd)
minium is 6*6 S»UO Eater these values oq Che monthly report
along with the number of noncompliances (exceptions)*
e. Total Chlorine Residual* The total chlorine residual concentra-
tions (mg/L) reported are the »***¦*»*« and values only,
of all the determinations made daring the reporting month.
(Seferesce to the sample monitoring data [Table 1J indicates
indicates that the maximum total chlorine residual (Clj) is 2*3
mg/L and the minimum is 0*0 «g/L») Enter these values on the
monthly report after "Total Chlorine Residual,"' along vith
number of excepelona.
12. Complete the bottom of the monitoring report vith the name and el tie
of the principal executive of fleer, the date and the telephone
number, along vith the signature of the principal executive officer
or authorised agent. Mail to the appropriate regulatory agency
listed in the permit*
13* All limited parameters, as veil as any parameters vith monitoring
requirements listed in the permit currently in effect must be
reported*
IA, All monitoring requirements of the permit are minimum requirements.
The results of any additional monitoring of parameters at the
location^) designated in the permit, using approved analytical
methods, must be included in the monthly monitoring report. Such
increased frequency should also be indicated in the report*
KPDES Self-ttsnitoring System User Guide
20
January 1985
-------
Instructions for
NPDES
Permit Reporting
1991 Short Course
"NPDES System in Maryland"
Advanced Waste-Liquids
Marlene Patillo
-------
INSTRUCTIONS FOR NPDES PERMIT REPORTING
There are two types of reporting required by all NPDES
permits. The first type of reporting required Is described under
the "General Conditions" of your permit, entitled Noncompliance
with Effluent limitations. The second type of reporting is
described under 'Special Conditions" and Is entitled Monitoring
and Reporting. Both types of reporting are important and must be
done properly. This instruction has been prepared to facilitate
compliance with the reporting requirements. Incorrect or
incomplete reporting is a serious permit violation. Any
questions about reporting procedure must be resolved with the
Division of Municipal Compliance.
Some permits also require pretreatment reporting and/or
reporting for a schedule of compliance. For clarification of
these requirements, please contact the Pretreatment Division at
(301) 333-7480 or the Municipal Compliance Division at
(301) 333-7585.
Noncompliance with Effluent Limitations
The reporting required when your facility has a spill, is
bypassing, or 1s not meeting the Effluent Limitations
described 1n your permit is designed to alert the Maryland
Department of the Environment (MDE) of a potential problem
for downstream users of the receiving body of water. If
necessary, MDE will use the information to notify officials
1
-------
at park or recreation areas, shellfish areas, or drinking
water facilities that the water may not be safe for its
normal uses. It 1s very Important that you telephone HOE
Immediately to report a noncompliance or bypassing at the
treatment plant or at any point 1n the collection system*
whether the discharge point 1s Identified In your permit or
not. For reporting purposes, a bypass will be any flow
diversion which results 1n an effluent that does not meet
the permit 11m1ts. If the bypass 1s planned, and 1f it may
result 1n a permit violation, MDE must be notified. If
possible, at least ten (10) days prior to the event.
Telephone reporting of violations will be adjusted by MDE as
necessary.
Attached is a sample form for recording the necessary
information in the event of a bypass. This form contains
information MDE personnel will need to evaluate the
potential effects of such a discharge. When you call MDE at
(301) 333-7585, you will speak to someone who has an
identical form to record your information on. The use of
this form should save you time so that your efforts can be
directed toward solving the present or anticipated
problem. If bypass occurs during evening or weekend hours,
notify MDE Immediately at (301) 243-8700.
2
-------
Your telephone report of the Incident must be followed by a
written notification within five days. The written notice
1s to contain the following information:
1. name of person filing report, and phone number where
they can be reached;
2. a description of the discharge including Its Impact
upon the receiving waters (color change, fish kill,
etc.);
3. cause of non-complying discharge;
A. time the incident began and ended, or your best estimate
of these times;
5. steps you have taken or will take to reduce or eliminate
the discharge and its impact;
6. steps you will take to prevent a similar situation from
happening 1n the future; and
7. additional monitoring you are performing to determine
the nature and impact of the discharge.
3
-------
If the change in discharge Is not an Inmedlate violation of
a Maximum or minimum permit limitation, an evaluation should
be made to determine whether the unusual discharge will
cause you to violate the weekly average, monthly average, or
monthly log mean, which will be explained 1n the next
section.
The second type of reporting required by an NPDES permit is
routine reporting of tests performed at the plant, described
under Special Conditions, Monitoring and Reporting. A Discharge
Monitoring Report like the one Included at the end of this
package is to be used for this reporting, which 1s required
quarterly. A separate Discharge Monitoring Report (OMR) is to be
filled out for each month, and submitted to the Administration by
the 28th of the following quarter. It is desirable, but not
essential, that OMRs be sent in monthly with operating reports to
ease the review process. Reporting deadlines are, therefore, as
fol 1ows:
April 28th for January, February, and March DMRs;
July 28th for April, May and June DMRs;
October 28th for July, August, and September DMRs; and
January 28th for October, November and December DMRs.
4
-------
These reports are to be filled out as the attached staple
reports (pages A1 find A2, K1 and K2} have been completed. Please
refer to sample A for reference as you read these instructions.
The circled numbers on the sample form correspond to the numbered
Instructions below. Instructions 1-5 refer to the top section of
the DHR.
1. The name and address of the permittee should be typed or
printed on the lines provided in the upper left hand
corner of the form. ABC Works, Inc. is the name of the
permittee on the sample form.
2. If the facility name is different from that of the
permittee, or if the mailing address is not the actual
location of the facility, the name and address of the
facility will be printed or typed on the following
lines. The sample form says "same", indicating that ABC
Works, Inc. is the name of the facility as well as the
name of the permittee, and that the mailing address is
identical to the facility location.
3. The permit number appears on the first page of your
discharge permit and should be filled out in the box
provided. In the example provided, the permit number is
62-DP-OOD1.
5
-------
4. The discharge number refers to the source Identified on
the page narked I. Special Conditions, A. Effluent
Limitations. A sample page of effluent limitations
corresponding to the szsple DMR Is marked as page B. of
these Instructions. Please refer to 1t to help clarify
these instructions. The source identified on the sample
page of effluent limitations and on the corresponding
DMR 1s 001. The source will always be a three digit
number. If your permit designates more than one source
(I.e., point source 001 on page 2, point source 002 on
page 3, etc.), then one OMR must be filled out for each
source, for each month.
Some permits will contain a page or more of Interim
Limitations. These limits should be used during the
time period indicated at the top of the page. Once the
period has ended, the facility is required to meet final
effluent limitations, and will use the final limits for
reporting purposes.
5. The monitoring period is always a one month period, from
the first day of the month to the last day of the
month. The sample DMR is for the period from
May 1, 1985 to May 31, 1985.
6
-------
Instructions 6-19 are to assist you in transferring the
limits found in your permit onto the OMR correctly. No sample
results are needed to complete the shaded areas of your permit.
You may be receiving preprinted forms from EPA. If those forms
are complete, you may skip to section 7a on page 12.
6. All parameters listed on your permit under "Effluent
Limitations11 should be listed in the boxes in this
column. If your permit lists more than seven parameters
for any single wastewater source, you will need to fill
out a two or three page OMR. The top portion of the
second page should be identical to that of the first,
end they must be numbered page 1, page 2, etc., at the
bottom right hand corner. The sample permit for ABC
Works, Inc. limits eight parameters from Hay 16th
through October 31st, and seven parameters from November
to Ma,y 15th. (Parameters are not listed on the DMR
during months in which they are not limited unless the
facility monitors these parameters during months in
which they are not limited.) On the sample OMR, TKN
monitoring 1s reported for the entire month although it
is required only from Hay 16th-30th. For the first half
of the month, there are no permit requirements listed
for TKN; only sample results. When requirements for a
single parameter vary during a one month period, the
parameter will be listed once for each different limit
required, and the corresponding dates will be
identified.
7
-------
The next column, headed with an X, differentiates
between permit requirements and sample measurements. The
shaded areas on your form, which start 1n this column
and are labeled "PERMIT REQUIREMENTS', will be filled 1n
with the limits required by your permit. Your permit
¦ay dictate different months of the year according to
receiving water characteristics. Be sure to fill In the
proper limits for the month of the DMR.
- 13. The next area on your DMR, entitled "QUANTITY OR
LOADING", will be filled out if you have any
loading rate limits on your permit. These limits
will be found on your Effluent Limitations
page(s) and will be expressed as both kilograms
per day (Kg/D) and pounds per day (Ibs/D). On
the permit page Included, BOD, Suspended Solids,
and TKN are limited by quantity. The limits are
expressed 1n both Kg/D and lbs/D. The permittee
should fill in the permit requirement box, (the
shaded box next to the parameter limited by
quantity), 1n the most convenient units. The
corresponding units should be entered in column
11, which 1s labeled "Units". The sample OMR has
been filled out using lbs/D, as the units for all
loading limits and measurements. To simplify
reporting and record keeping, the same units
should be used for reporting all loading .values.
8
-------
The loading limits will be applied to the
facility 1n one of two ways. The permittee may
be subject to a monthly loading rate or a weekly
loading rate. Limits which are based upon a
monthly loading rate should be filled 1n the
shaded areas under column 9. which Is entitle
"AVERAGE". If your permit Includes weekly
loading rate limits, these should be entered In
column 10, also In the shaded area, labeled
"MAXIMUM".
12. - 15. All permit limits which are expressed in con-
centration should be entered in the shaded areas
under column 12, "QUALITY OR CONCENTRATION".
Other units of quality, such as pH and fecal
coliforms, will also be addressed in this section
of the DMR. "MINIMUM", "AVERAGE" and "MAXIMUM"
limits will be entered in columns 13,. 14, and 15,
In that order. On the sample DMR, Fecal
Coliforms, pH, Flow, Total Residual Chlorine, and
Dissolved Oxygen are limited 1n this part of the
DMR. Parameters which are sampled by composite
samples will have average limits for
concentrations, either monthly average, weekly
average, or both. Monthly average concentrations
will be entered in column 14, labeled "AVERAGE"
9
-------
and weekly average concentrations will be entered
under "MAXIMUM" 1n column 15. In the sample
permit. B0Ds, Suspended Solids* and TKN are
United by concentration 1n addition to loading.
16. Column 16, labeled "UNITS', will be filled 1n with
the units applied to each permit limit. Limits and
sample results for Fecal Collforms will be expressed In
Most Probable Number per 100 milliliters (MPN/ 100
ml). Limits and sample measurements for pH will be
expressed In Standard Units (SU). Flow will be
expressed In million gallons per day (MGD). All
concentrations will be expressed In mlllgrams per liter
(mg/1).
17. Column 17, NUMBER OF EXCEPTIONS, 1s for the number
of times the permit limit was violated for each
parameter. The shaded boxes corresponding to the
permit requirement should be left blank.
18. Column 18, FREQUENCY OF ANALYSIS, will be filled 1n
for each parameter limited by your permit. The shaded
areas In this column should match the frequencies
required by the Effluent Limitations of your permit,
found under the column headed "Monitoring Frequency".
On the sample DMR, BODj, Suspended Solids, and TKN must
be monitored daily; therefore, under column 18, these
10
-------
parameters read "daily". Similarly, Total Residual
Chlorine* Dissolved Oxygen, and pH, must be measured
three times per day. The shaded areas under column IB
for these parameters have been filled in "3 X Daily".
Fecal CoHform must be measured three times per week,
according to the Effluent Limitations for sample permit,
so the notation under column 16 Is "3 X Weekly". Flow
must be measured continuously, so the frequency of
analysis for flow 1s filled 1n as "Continuous".
Column 19 describes the type of sample required by your
permit for each parameter. The sampling required is
described on the Effluent Limitations page of your
permit under the heading "Sample Type". The same
description found here should be entered onto your DMR
for each parameter. The sample permit requires 24-hour
composite samples for BODg, Suspended Solids, and TKN,
so "24-hour composite" or "24-hour comp" is entered in
the shaded area under column 19 for each of these
parameters. Grab samples are required for Fecal
Coliforms, Total Residual Chlorine, Dissolved Oxygen,
and pK, so column 19 1s marked "Grab" for each of these
parameters. Similarly, the requirement for flow
measurement is a recording meter, so the sample type
for flow is "Recorded".
11
-------
After following these instructions, you should have filled
In all the shaded areas of the DMR which are required for your
perait reporting. The sample OMR filled out to this point 1s on
pages A1 and A2 of the Instructions. All of this Information ha:
come from your pernlt. If these steps have been followed
correctly* your sample results will be easy to fill 1n next, In
the boxes directly above those with the permit requirements.
Instructions 7.-19a) and the sample report on pages K1 and K2
will explain how this 1s done.
7.a) The unshaded areas in column 7, labeled "Sample
Measurement", Indicate where your monitoring results
will be recorded. Above each box which contains a
permit requirement, there should be a sample
measurement or a calculation summarizing the samples
collected.
8a) - 10a) Quantity or loading limits will be required
either as a monthly average or as a weekly
average. The data listed on pages CI and C2
were used to fill out the sample DMR, and
should be used to follow the sample
calculations. This particular permit requires
daily monitoring of B0D5, Suspended Solids,
and TKN, which are the parameters limited by
loading or quantity. First the loading for
12
-------
each day the effluent was sampled Is
calculated by multiplying the measured
concentration by the flow recorded on the day
the sample was collected, and by a conversion
factor of 8.34 1b/gal (the weight of water).
See sample calculations for Suspended Solids
on page D of these Instructions.
The sample permit limits Suspended Solids
loading In two ways: by a monthly average
limit, which appears in column 9 of the sample
DMR; and by a weekly limit, which appears in
column 10. The weekly limit will always be
higher than the monthly limit so that a
facility is not penalized for small variations
in effluent quality over a short period of
time. The monthly and weekly loading rates of
1,680 lb/day and 2,510 lb/day, respectively,
are in effect during Hay. These limits are.
from the sample permit, page A1. The monthly
and weekly loading rates for Hay are
calculated on pages El and E2 of these
Instructions. The monthly loading rate is
calculated by adding the dally loading rates
for each day 1n Hay and dividing by the total
number of days, which is 31. If your permit
does not require daily sampling, the monthly
loading rate will be calculated by adding the
13
-------
data for each day on which sampling Mas
required and dividing by the number of
samples.
For reporting purposes, the first seven days
of the month will be one week, the second
seven days the second week, and so on. The
weekly loading rates are calculated by adding
the dally loading rates for the first seven
days of Hay and dividing by seven, and
repeating for each week. If dally sampling is
not required, weekly loading rates will be
calculated based upon the number of samples
collected during the first seven days of the
month, the second seven days, and so on. The
dally loading rates for Hay 29th, 30th, and
31st will not be used in calculating any of
the weekly loading rates.
The results of the monthly average loading
rate, 1,433 lb/day, will be entered in column
9, on the line reading "Suspended Solids", in
the unshaded box above the permit
requirement. See the completed DMR on pages
K1 and K2 of these Instructions. The highest
of the weekly loading rates from page E is
1,531 lb/day which 1s entered In column 10,
"MAXIHUH".
14
-------
The same method of calculations Is used for
the BODg loading rates. There are two sets of
permit limits for B0D5: one for Hay 1st
through 15th; and one for Hay 16th through
30th. The separate perolt requirements are
entered on separate lines of the DNR, and the
calculations for the first and second parts of
the month will be done separately. The
monthly average loading rate Is calculated
once using data from May 1st through 15th, and
this result 1s entered in column 9 across from
B0D5 (Hay lst-15th).
The weekly loading rates are calculated for
May 1st through 7th and Hay Bth through 14th,
and the higher of these results, 1,354 lb/day,
is entered in column 10 across from B0D5 (Hay
1st through 15th). These calculations are on
page G1.
The results of sampling for Hay 16th through
31st are used to calculate a monthly average
and weekly averages, and are entered, in
columns 9 and 10, respectively, 1n the row
reading BODg (Hay 16th - 31st). See page G2
for calculations.
15
-------
TKN results are entered separately for the
first and second parts of May because no
sampling was required and no Units Imposed
for the first part of the month. Because
utilities are encouraged to sample as often as
1s required for good process control, and are
required to report all analyses conducted by
approved methods, TKN results are reported for
the first half of May. For the second half of
May, monthly average and weekly average
loading rates for TKN are calculated and
reported as for BODg.
13a-15a Sampling results which are based upon water
quality or concentration of pollutants will be
entered in columns 13a-15a. Those parameters
which are sampled as composites will have monthly
average and weekly average limits. These
averages will be calculated and reported as
described above in 8a-10a, using concentrations
rather than loadings. No flow measurements and
no conversion factors are needed for these
calculations. The TKN for the sample permit has
been calculated on pages HI and H2 of these
instructions. The monthly average calculated
16
-------
will be entered 1n column 14 labeled AVERAGE, and
the highest weekly average will be entered 1n
column 15, MAXIMUM.
Some permits have only a maximum limit for total
or fecal coliforms. In that case, the highest
value of all the coliform tests 1s recorded 1n
the column labeled MAXIMUM. Fecal conforms will
usually be limited as a monthly geometric mean,
or log mean, as on the sample permit. It 1s a
maximum limit, so it Is recorded in column 15.
The calculations for fecal coliform are shown on
page I of the instructions. There are two ways
to calculate a log mean. The first way to find
the log mean is by: 1) finding the log of each
sample result (using a logarithm table or
calculator); 2) adding together the logs; 3)
dividing by the number of samples; and 4) finding
the number (or anti log) corresponding to the
resulting log.
The second method may be easier if a calculator
with yx is available. The sample results are
mul tip!1ed by each other, and the result Is taken
to the power of 1/number of samples. In the
example on page 1, the product of the fifteen
results is raised to the power of 1/15
17
-------
( l^y"). These results can be checked against
each other. Rounding the logs will sometimes
result 1n a slight difference between the two
values.
Some permits Holt fecal conforms or total
coliforms with a maximum allowable median
value. The median Is the middle value, so the
same number of sample results will lie above the
median as below the the median. To find the
median, first arrange the sample results in order
of increasing values. To determine which sample
result is the median, count the number of
samples, add one, and divide by two. If the
number of samples is odd, as in the sample permit
results on page 1, the median is one of the
sample results, in this case it is the eighth
value IS ~ 1 « 8.
2
If the number of samples is even, for instance
14, the median value will lie between the two
central values (14 + 1 *= 7.5)
2
as shown by the sample number 7.5. Thus the
median is midway between the 7th and 8th
values. To find the midway point between two
samples, add them together and divide by two.
18
-------
Total Residual Chlorine 1s limited by a maximum
value of 0.1, which 1s the detection limit. In
the case of the sample permit, this limit Is
found under Special Condition ID3m, as noted on
the Effluent Limitations, page B. No
calculations are necessary, and the maximum value
1s circled on the page of total residual chlorine
results page C.
Dissolved oxygen Is limited as a minimum for May
1-15, so the lowest value 1s circled on page J
and entered 1n column 13. It is limited as a
minimum and as a minimum dally average for Kay
16-31, so the minimum for that period 1s circled
as above. The dally concentrations for May 16-31
are also average on page J. The minimum daily
average is circled and entered in column 14.
pH is also limited as a minimum and a maximum.
The lowest and highest values are circled on page
J, and are recorded in columns 13. minimum, and
15, maximum.
19
-------
Flow is not United, but oust be recorded
dally. The dally average 1s reported 1n column 9
under AVERAGE, and the highest day's flow Is
recorded In column 10, KAXIHUN.
17. Column 17 1s labeled NO. EX., for number of
exceptions. On all sample calculation pages, values
which exceed the permit limits are underlined. In this
column, the number of times a facility has not met Its
permit requirements for each parameter Is recorded. For
the sample permit, BODj loading limits for Hay 16-31
were exceeded both weeks, the average loading limit was
exceeded, concentrations were exceeded both weeks and
the average concentration limit was exceeded. The
exceptions are circled on page 62, and total six as
recorded 1n column 17. BODj limits for Hay 1-15 were
met at all times. Exceptions are also underlined on
page J for dissolved oxygen and pH, on page C for total
chlorine residual, page D for total suspended solids
and page H for TKN.
16a. Frequency of analysis should be filled in as instructed
on page 7. If parameters are sampled more frequently
then required, the actual frequency should be recorded
here.
20
-------
19a. The actual sample type will be recorded in this
column. If samples have not been collected In the
required way* or with the required frequency, each
missed sample will be recorded as an additional
exception for each parameter affected.
Roundlng.
All permit limits and sample results recorded on your
DMR should be recorded to the same decimal place as
those on the effluent limitations page of your
permit. Calculations should be carried out using the
exact results of laboratory tests or other
measurements. From page HI, the results are calculated
to S9.6 mq/1 =3.97.
15 days
The answer is rounded to one decimal point, or 4.0.
Numbers greater than five are rounded up, numbers less
than five are rounded down, and numbers ending in five
go to the closest even number (3.42 s 3.4; 3.48 * 3.5;
3.45 = 3.4; 3.55 * 3.6).
19-22. Each page of the Discharge Monitoring Report Form
must be signed by the permittee or his authorized
agent (20). This name will be typed in the lower
left hand corner (21) and the date (22) and phone
number (23) recorded in the designated boxes.
21
-------
If any conditions of your permit are not clear to you,
please contact the Permits Division of the Department of the
Environment at 659-1069 for permit clarification, or the Division
of Nunlclpal Compliance at 333-7585 for Discharge Monitoring
Report instructions.
22
-------
STP Inspection Division Phone: Day 333*7585
Hater Management Administration Evening 243-8700
Department of Health and Mental Hygiene
201 W. Preston Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21201
NPDES NONCOMPLIANCE REPORTING FORM
Utility Name
Phone
I.. Description of Non»complying discharge:
Location
BOO
_____ suspended solids
_____ total residual chlorine
____ dissolved oxygen
raw sewage bypass
Volone:
.Impact upon receiving stream:
Nane of caller
Position
Date
TKN
TN
TP
Turbidity
sludge washout
_ fecal coliform
_ toxic (odor? unusutl color?
supected identity?)
_ P«
actual/estimate
II. Cause of non-compliance
equipment malfunction
Other:
Explain:
non-characteristic influent
III. Time
start actual/estimate end #*'n actual/estimate
p.m ———— p.hi
IV. Actions taken to reduce or eliminate non-complying discharge
standby equipment on line scavenger called
________ chemical modification holding pond used
Other:
Explain:
V. Actions taken to prevent recurrence
preventive maintence standby equipment purchased
industrial pretreatment
Other:
Explain:
VI. Additional monitoring to determine nature and impact of discharge
parameters:
frequency:
Explain:
Description of Incident or any factors not covered above
This information must be provided to the Dep»rtment of Health and Mental Hygiene, in writing.
Within five days of verbal notification. Attach additional pages if necessary.
-------
riDMimi NA»C/ADD*t»l (IkMi
t mailt) Ntmt /Lattihm if HOrtrnli
*N>m A6.C-_2^iC)^-£]?Cr
My?s**s*_J\Js—lSjhj Jth
, M li -OnCLO-g
^ACiitlT S_AjM-£
LOCATION
NATIONAL POLLUTAN MRCt KLIUINXTION STarCM (WrOAl)
.^DISCHARGE MONITORING REPORT |IIW*J
/CD tlT.lt 1
—^DISCHARGI
(3J_ £
87-TjP-
n-T>P-0or>l
PCItMIT NUMBCM
ant
mn JMVOOM
Cf5
rnoM
MONITORING PC RIOO
(£)
(o y om;)
6v">
OXV ^Cn
CM
•AM PIC
MCAtURtMtMT
fMMIT
RtOUIMMINT
YtAH
MO
OAT
TO
YEAR
MO
OAT
?JT
?x
0/
8r
9JT
31
Oiih
(«¦/»»
MWi)
QUANTITY Of? LOADING
NITS
fa>
m.
B—d fcutrtBww bilera toucan W> term.
QUALITY OH CONCENTRATION
INIMUM
r.o
5>»
AXIMUN
Be
HIT*
d
rMOvtNCv
or
ANAUfli
J@-
lAMfU
TYPl
(QL
3"
~"b issol***^
0*1
. BAMftl
MCAmURCMKNT
mmrr
RMUMIMBNT
5.0
7.0
tj/l
2"!
l
M
¦AMPLC
MMMIt
RBOUIMKMCMT
US'
V.f
so
*/M
ir
fl0K>
• AMPLt
M(AIUR(MKNT
pmtorr
MOVtNIMIMT
4.7
M62)
Wlw
IAMN.C
HNWIT
JtKOUIftfcMCMT
IAMPCI
MKAIUNCMINT
NRMIT
MOUIMMIffT
H»HIT
MnUIRIHINT
mamc/tiylc principal. ntcuTiviorriCM
/y
Of<.t*.4or
rvpco on rniNTiD
• Cfft'** UHOtH PfMlfT or UN tM*f » M«v( PCtSONHlV
AND AM r»M«IA* WN TMt MfQIMItlCM iMMtftD HMM «K» M»IO|
ON M* MOUMT (K iMOtf MOVOHAtt V NISKM* t »0«
Oflt«D«M6 Itft wrO"MAIO« I Bfl4Vf TMf MJOM»r«|p
is rauc ac€u»*ti «mo < am a«m«i «ma* imiri ami *k»
MTiCftNt I o* tllfMinMr. Ulil (MfOHMAtON MTllffkNTi
tHt rv «M «*di mKWtSllNMINt Mi 10 Ufcl \ »OOl AND
))U&C * ifwifv* »*f't fftfv ildatr* Mt
atvf ^ •~*** I ••rf I !»•'< •
5-^
¦ IONATURC OF PRINCIPAL CIKCUTIV1
orrtccR on authorised aocnt
BA1I
/ZM*B
%7
6<
Ann
COPE I
HVMftCn
run
MO
DAY
IOMMCNT AMD CSPLANATION Or ANY VIOLATION* {Hrfrrrmir *11 mn<*hmrntt hw)
-------
PtffMITTCC NAMK/AOOfttta (tmrlmJe
iTS mnlHi Nm—t/Lurlliii" If I)
(!«*!!*_
•OORtM.
-P-
im
x44x.
€
'5jau^£^4LJi&.
Si
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DI*CNA«OC ELIMINATION tVITIM fNFDKS)
DISCHARGE MONITORING REPORT UMtK)
ti-'tt /ZT? p. onol
PCftMfT NUMBCt
£
n»n
21 Kc-
C&r\f>
miMir
¦ KQUIRBMBMT
/76
zro
*Y
3*0
-f.r
»«j//
j*,kf
21 Kr
C6f»p
Co 11 to r*«5
•AM PLC
MIAIUMMINT
rcmatr
mouimmint
zoo
/fO^I
VjL
lf»V
"7ff4"0-l 6f4l^ UA-I
¦ AMPLE
MUlUNtMfNT
PERMIT
REQUIREMENT
hamestitle principal i«teuTiy« owew
/Z.i) {jA^-ktje^Ur 77*
/a^„ 4-
—*ID OH MIHtCD
f Cf*t" UNMM PfMAltV Or I AW VHAV I MAVt Pt*%C**L IT UMWllO
«K> AM r*tt*U» WfH VNf MOMItOl MMtTIIO N1M« *HO »*«(0
om mv »ONimi torn
OtlAMMC VMC MTVMAIOt • M14W »Hf SuaMtllO MTOMAtKM
IS tnx «CCII*Afl UNO CO**VfK • AM *»»"l tHAt AMI fO
MfiCANt pcmims to* sutMfimri faim im
tlUPNONl
IP31SZ3
nmr
eoiiK
¥
©ATI
NUMIIH
TCAH MO
#>
DAT
-------
Pape No, 3 or 1'
Permit No. 8 -DP-0COl
I. SPECIAL CONDITIOHS
A. EFFLUKNT LIMITATIONS - POINT SOURCE 001»
Effective Harch 1* 198
. and lasting until March 31, 1990
by tlic facility shall be United at all times as follows:**
the quality of the effluent discharged
Effluent
Characteristic
none ffay 16 ~ 0ct* 31
Nov. 1 - May 15
^Suspended Solids
Hay 16 — Oct. 31 only
Total P (Not applicable)
Total N (Not applicable)
Monthly
Weekly
Monthly
Weekly
Honltorlng
Loading Rate
Loading Rate
Averace
AveriiRo
Frequency
Kg/D (lbs/0)
Kg/D (lbs/D)
mg/1
mg/l
250 (560)
380 (810)
10
15
Dally
760 (16B0)
1140 (2510)
30
45
pally
760 (16B0)
1140 (2510)
30
45
bally
76 C 170)
114 (250)
3.0
4.S
Dally
Sample Two
24-hour composite
24-hour composite
24-hour composite
24-hour composite
Kf I lllLMIt
Characteristic
Maximum
Minimum
Fccnl Collforws 200 MPN/100 ml log mean
Totnl llesldunl Dechlorination Is required to reduce the total residual
Cltlorlne clilorlne to the non-detcctnblo. level (Seo Special
Condition ID3m)
Olnflolved Oxygen
pll
riot***
Hay 16 - Oct. 31
5
6.7 mgd
Nov. 1 - May 15
8.5
7.0 inj»/l ilglly average, 5.0 mg/l
S.'oVJI at any time
6.5
Monitor Ittft
Frequency
3 * VeoVly
3 x Dally
3 it Dally
3 x Dolly
3 x Dally
Continuous
Sample Type
Grab
Crab
Crab
Grab
Grab
Recorded
•Renewal permit limitations may or may not be equal to the obovo limitations discharge of pollutants not shown shall he
Illegal.
'Mhcre shall be no discharge of floating solids or visible foam other than trace amniint.
•••Vliw unrd In yiistt load allocation calculntlona, not to be considered n limltntlon.
pA
-------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
Flow
MGD
BODc
mg/T
Suspended
Sol ids
mg/1
TKN
mg/1
Fecal
Conforms
MPS/100ml
5.2
25
23
3.1
170
S.l
23
21
3.0
1-30
5.2
25
29
3.2
...
7.6
18
26
3.0
—
7.8
21
28
3.4
—
€.2
27
38
3.6
15
6.1
28
42
4.0
5.2
28
35
4.4
56
5.1
32
32
4.3
240
5.0
34
41
4.6
540
5.2
32
36
4.6
5.0
38
31
4.5
5.1
32
28
4.8
5.1
27
35
4.7
5.0
26
28
4.6
130
5.2
35
40
4.8
170
S.5
35
39
5.2
5.3
33
36
4.9
5.3
33
30
4.7
5.2
30
32
4.5
S.l
2B
26
4.3
11 0
5.3
31
24
4.6
540
5.1
30
26
4.4
280
5.4
31
28
4.2
5.2
29
34
3.9
5.8
27
3.3
3.7
6.6
29
33
4.0
5.6
29
31
4.2
54
5.3
30
27
3.9
110
5.2
26
26
3.9
17
Page C
-------
Suspended Solids
Pallv Loading Rates
Date
Concen
rat ion
Flow
May 1
23
mg/
X
5.2 HQ/day
X
8.34
b/gal
s
987 lb/day
2
21
mg/
z
6.1 MQ/day
X
8.34
b/gal
c
893 lb/day
3
29
tag/
X
5.2 MQ/day
z
8.34
b/gal
s
1,258 lb/day
4
26
tag/
X
7.6 MQ/day
X
8.34
b/gal
e
1,648 lb/day
5
28
mg/
X
7.8 MQ/day
X
B.34
b/gal
e
1,821 lb/day
6
36
mg/
X
6.2 MQ/day
X
8.34
b/gal
e
1,965 lb/day
7
42
mg/
X
6.1 MQ/day
X
8.34
b/gal
s
2,137 lb/day
8
35
rag/
X
5.2 MQ/day
X
8.34
b/gal
c
1,518 lb/day
9
32
rag/
X
5.1 MQ/day
X
8.34
b/gal
s
1,361 lb/day
10
41
mg/
X
5.0 MQ/day
X
8.34
b/gal
B
1,709 lb/day
11
36
mg/
X
5.2 MQ/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,561 lb/day
12
31
mg/
X
5.0 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
1,293 lb/day
13
28
mg/
X
5.1 MQ/day
X
8.34
b/gal
1,191 lb/day
14
35
mg/
X
5.1 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
1,489 lb/day
15
32
mg/
X
5.2 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,388 lb/day
16
28
mg/
X
5.0 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
s
1,168 lb/day
17
40
mg/
X
5.2 MQ/day
X
8.34
b/gal
r
1,735 lb/day
18
39
mg/
X
5.5 MQ/day
X
8.34
b/gal
s
1,789 lb/day
19
36
mg/
X
5.3 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,5.91 lb/day
20
30
mg/
X
5.3 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
s
1,326 lb/day
21
32
mg/
X
5.2 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,388 lb/day
22
26
mg/
X
5.1 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,106 lb/day
23
24
mg/
X
5.3 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,061 lb/day
24
26
mg/
X
5.1 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,106 lb/day
25
28
mg/
X
5.4 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,261 lb/day
26
34
mg/
X
5.2 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,475 lb/day
27
33
mg/
X
5.8 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
' =
1,596 lb/day
26
33
mg/
X
6.6 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,816 lb/day
29
31
mg/
X
5.6 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,448 lb/day
30
27
mg/
X
5.3 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,193 lb/day
31
26
mg/
X
5.2 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,128 lb/day
AVERAGE
mg/
Page D
-------
Suspended Sol ids
Monthly Average
May 1
May 2
May 3
+ May 4
997 lb.
893 lb.
1,258 lb.
4- 1,648 lb
May S
May 6
May 7
+ May 8
1,821 lb.
1,965 lb.
2,137 lb.
+ 1,518 lb
May 9
May 10
May 11
+ May 12
1,361 lb.
1,709 lb.
1,561 lb.
+ 1,293 lb
May IS
May 14
May 15
+ Sfay 16
1,191 lb.
1,489 lb.
1,388 lb.
+ 1,168 lb
May 17
May IS
May 19
+ May 20
1,735 lb.
1,789 lb.
1,591 lb.
+ 1,326 lb
May 21
May 22
May 23
+ May 24
1,388 lb.
1,106 lb.
1,061 lb.
+ 1,106 lb
May 25
May 26
May 27
+ May 28
1,261 lb.
1,475 lb.
1,596 lb.
+ 1,816 lb
May 29
May 30
May 31
s
1,448 lb.
1,193 lb.
1,128 lb.
s
44,416 lb. =
31 days =
1,433 lb./day
Page El
-------
WEEK 1
WEEK 2
WEEK 3
WEEK 4
Suspended Solids, Weekly Averages
May 1
~
May 2
+
May 3
+
997 lb.
~
893 lb.
+
1,258
lb.
~
May 5
+
May 6
+
May 7
C
1*821 lb.
+
1,965 lb.
~
2,137
lb.
e
May 4
1,648 lb.
10.719 lb. «
7 days c
1,531 lb./day
May 8 + May 9 + May 10 + May 11 +
1,518 lb. ~ 1,361 lb. + 1,709 lb. + 1,561 lb. +
May 12 + May 13 + May 14
1,293 lb. ~ 1,191 lb. 1,489 lb.
10.122 lb. =
7 days =
1,446 lb./day
May 15 + May 16 + May 17 + May 18 +
1,388 1b. + 1,168 lb. + 1,735 1b. + 1,789 1b. +
May 19 + May 20 ~ May 21
1,591 lb. + 1,326 lb. + 1,388 lb.
10.385 lb. «
7 days =
1,484 lb./day
May 22 + May 23 + May 24 + May 25
1,106 lb. * 1,061 lb. ~ 1,106 lb. ~ 1,261 lb.
May 26 + May 27 + May 26
1,475 lb. + 1,596 lb. + 1,816 lb.
9,421 lb.
7 days
Page E2
1,346 lb/day
-------
BODS
DATE CONCENTRATION FLOW
May 1
25 mg/1
X
5.2 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
e
1,084
lb/J
2
23 mg/1
X
5.1 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
s
978
lb/.
3
25 mg/1
X
5.2 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
K
1,084
lb/2.:
4
18 mg/1
X
7.6 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
e
1,141
lb/C£
S
21 mg/1
X
7.8 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
e
1,366
lb/ i;
6
27 mg/1
X
6.2 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
s
1,396
lb/tc/
7
28 mg/1
X
6.1 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
s
1,424
lb/ciy
8
28 mg/1
X
5.2 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
s
1,214
lb/, iy
9
32 mg/1
X
5.1 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
s
1,361
lb/:.ay
10
34 mg/1
X
5.0 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
e
1,418
1b/day
11
32 mg/1
X
5.2 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
s
1,3B8
lb/day
12
38 mg/1
X
5.0 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
r
1,585
lb/day
13
32 mg/1
X
5.1 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
s
1,361
lb/day
14
27 mg/1
X
5.1 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,148
1b/day
IS
29 mg/1
X
5.2 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1, 258
1b/day
16
26 mg/1
X
5.0 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,084
lb/day
17
35 mg/1
X
5.2 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
s
1,518
1b/day
18
35 mg/1
X
5.5 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,605
lb/day
19
33 mg/1
X
5.3 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,459
1b/day
20
33 mg/1
X
5.3 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1 ,459
1b/day
21
30 mg/1
X
5.2 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1 ,301
1b/day
22
28 mg/1
X
5.1 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1 , 1.91
1b/day
23
31 mg/1
X
5.3 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1 ,370
1b/day
24
30 mg/1
X
5.1 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,276
1b/day
25
31 mg/1
X
5.4 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1 , 396
1b/da y
26
29 mg/1
X
5.2 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
='
1 ,258
1b/day
27
27 mg/1
X
5.8 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1 ,306
lb/day
28
29 mg/1
X
6.6 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1 ,596
1b/day
29
29 mg/1
X
5.6 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1 , 354
1b/day
30
30 mg/1
X
5.3 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,326
1b/day
31
26 mg/1
X
5.2 MG/day
X
8.34
b/gal
=
1,128
1b/day
Page F
-------
BCDS (May 1 - IS)
May 1
May 2
May 3
~ May 4
1,084 lb.
978 lb.
1,084 lb.
* 1,141 lb.
May 5
May 6
May 7
«• May 8
1,366 lb.
1,396 lb.
1,424 lb.
4 1,214 lb.
May 9
May 10
May 11
i- May 12
1,361 lb.
1,418 lb.
1,388 lb.
~ 1,585 lb.
May 13
May 14
May 15
C
1,361 lb.
1,148 lb.
1,258 lb.
e
19,206 lb
15 days
1,280.4 lb./day
WEEK 1
May 1
+
May 2
+
May 3
+ May 4
+
1,084
lb.
~
978 lb.
+
1,084
lb.
4 1,141 lb.
+
May 5
+
May 6
+
May 7
S
1,366
lb.
+
1,396 lb.
+
1,424
lb.
=
8.473 lb. =
7 days =
1,210 lb./day
WEEK 2
May 8 + May 9 + May 10 + May 11 +
1,214 lb. + 1,361 lb. + 1,41B lb. + 1,388 lb. +
May 12 + May 13 + May 14 =
1,585 lb. ~ 1,361 lb. + 1,148 lb. =
9,475 lb. =
7 days =
1,354 lb/day
Page G1
-------
BCPS (Mav 16-31)
May 16
May 17
May 18
May 19 +
1,084 lb.
1,518 lb.
1,605 lb.
1,459 lb. +
May 20
May 21
May 22
May 23 «•
1,459 lb.
1,301 lb.
1,191 lb.
1,370 lb. 4
May 24
May 25
May 26
Afay 27 +
1,276 lb.
1,396 lb.
1,258 lb.
1,306 lb. +
May 28
tfey 29
May SO
May 31 «
1,596 lb.
1,354 lb.
1,326 lb.
1,128 lb.
21,627 lb. *
16 days =
1,352 lb./day
WEEK 1
May 16 + May 17 + May 18 + May 19 +
1,084 lb. + 1,516 lb. + 1,605 lb. + 1,459 lb. +
May 20 + May 21 ~ May 22
1,459 lb. + 1,301 lb. + 1,191 lb.
WEEK 2
9,617 lb.
7 days
^374 lb/day*)
+
May 23 + May 24 + May 25 + May 26
1,370 lb + 1,276 lb. + 1,396 lb. + 1,258 lb. ~
May 27 + May 28 + May 29
1,306 lb. + 1,596 + 1,354
9.556 lb. =
7 days =
1,365 lb./day
Page G2
-------
TKN Concentration
Monthly Average (May 1-15)
May 1
+ May 2
4
May
3
3.1 mg/1
+ 3.0 ng/l
4
3.2
mg/1
Ma y S
* May 6
~
May
7
3.4 mg/1
+ 3.6 mg/1
4
4.0
mg/1
May 9
+ May 10
4
May
11
4.3 mg/1
+ 4.6 mg/1
4
4.6
mg/1
May 13
+ May 14
4
May
15
4.8 mg/1
+ 4.7 mg/1
4
4.4
mg/i
Week ]
May 4
3.0 mg/1
May 8
4.4 ttg/1
May 12
4.5 mg/1
59.6 mg/1
15 days
4.0 mg/1
May 1
+
May 2
•* May 3
+ Ntey 4
3.1 mg/1
+
3.0 mg/1
4 3.2 mg/1
+ 3.0 mg/1
May 5
+
May 6
* May 7
=
3.4 mg/1
+
3.6 mg/1
+ 4.0 mg/1
=
23.3 mg/1
7 days
3.3 mg/1
+
Week 2
May 8
4.4 irg/1
May 12
4.5 mg/1
+
+
+
.+
May 9
4.3 mg/1
May 13
4.8 mg/1
4
May 10
4.6 rag/1
May 14
4.7 mg/1
+
May 11
4.6 mg/1
31.9 mg/1
7 days
4.6 mg/1
+
~
Page HI
-------
TKK Concentration
Monthly Average (May 16 - 31)
May 16
~ May 17 +
4.6 mg/1
~ 4.8 mg/1 t
May 20
+ May 21 +
4.7 mg/1
* 4.5 mg/1 +
May 24
+ May 25 *
4.4 mg/1
+ 4.2 mg/1 +
May 28
~ May 29 +
4.0 mg/1
+ 4.2 mg/i +
fey 18
5.2 mg/1
fey 22
4.3 tvg/1
fey 26
3.9 mg/1
fey 30
3.9 mg/1
fey 19
4.9 irg/'l
fey 23
4.6 ixff/1
fey 27
3.7 mg/1
fey 31
3.9 mg/1
69.8 mg/1
16 days
4.4 mg/1
Week 1
May 16
4.6 TTg/1
May 20
4.7 mg/1
Week 2
May 23
4.6 mg/1
May 27
3.7 mg/1
+
+
May 17
4.8 mg/1
May 21
4.5 mg/1
May 24
4.4 mg/1
fey 28
4.0 mg/1
+
+
+
+
+
+
May 18
5.2 mg/1
fey 22
4.3 mg/1
May 25
4.2 mg/1
May 29
4.2 mg/1
+ fey 19
+ 4.9 mg/1
33 mg/1
7 days
4.7 mg/1
+
+
May 26
3.9 mg/i
29 mg/1
7 days
4.1 mg/1
Page H2
-------
Fecal Coll Toms
log mean (geometric mean), method 1
Step 1
ISN/10(knl
1*0
May 1
170
log
c
2.23
2
130
log
130
c
2.11
3
15
log
15
c
1.18
6
56
log
56
«s
1.75
7
240
log
240
s
2.38
8
540
log
540
c
2.73
13
210
log
210
e
2.32
14
130
log
130
c
2.11
15
170
log
170
s
2.23
20
no
log
110
s
2.04
21
540
log
540
e
2.73
22
280
log
280
s
2.45
27
54
log
54
e
1.73
28
110
log
110
e
2.04
29
17
log
17
s
1.23
sr
r? Z ;
sun of logs
s
31.26
Step 3
sun of logs = 31.26 =2.08
timber of samples 15
Step 4
anti-log 2.08 = 121
(log 121 = 2.08)
or
102*08 = 121
Page la
-------
2 } |o^ mta-*
1 iy (l 70( 130 Hi 5) (56) (240) (540) (210) (130M170)l 110J (54Q)iz80) (54H110) (17)
15/1.8753410 x 1031 * 122
These results can be cheeked against each other If desired.
B. Median Hie results are arranged in Increasing order:
15, 17, 54, 56, 110, 110, 130, 130, 170, 170, 210, 240, 280, 540, 540
Total ninber of sanples ~ 15 15 + 1 » 8
2
or
Median is 8th value, or 130
If there were 14 sanples, excluding the sample collected on May 29th, the median
value would be 14 * 1 - 7.5, between the seventh and eighth values.
2
15, 54, 56, 110, 110, 130, 130, 170, 170, 210, 240, 280, 540, 540.
The median is between 130 and 170: 130 + 170 = 300 =150
2 2
The median value in this case would be 150.
Page It
-------
y i
2
3
4
5
6
7
B
9
1C
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
26
29
30
31
Paoe J
Dissolved Oxygen, mg/1
8 am
12 pa
4 pa
5.6
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.2
5.3
5.6
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.4
5.6
5.3
5.2
5.2
<£J>
4.9
5.3
5.1
5.2
5.5
5.4
5.5
5.4
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.5
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.1
5.0
5.5
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.9
5.8
5.8
6.2
6.0
6.0
6.2
6.2
6.4
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.6
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.7
6.6
6.8
6.8
7.0
6.8
6.8
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.1
7.1
7.0
7.1
7.1
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.1
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.0
7.0
pH. Standard Units
8 an
12 pa 4pm
6.8
€.9
6.8
6.9
6.9
7.0
6.9
6.9
6.9
7.0
©
7.2
7.1
7.0
7.0
6.9
6.9
6.8
6.9
6.8
6.8
6.7
6.8
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.6
6.6
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.8
6.7
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.4
6.4
6.5
6.5
6.4
6.4
Average Concentration
6.5
6.5
6.6
(ED
6.5
6.5
6.6
5.8
6.5
6.6
6.5
6.1
6.5
6.6
6.6
6.3
6.6
6.5
6.4
6.5
6.4
©
6.3
6.5
6.4
6.3
6.5
6.7
6.5
6.5
6.4
6.7
6.6
6.5
6.5
6.9
6.5
6.6
6.7
7.0
6.6
6.7
6.6
7.1
6.6
6.6
6.5
7.1
6.7
6.6
6.8
7.0
6.7
6.8
7.0
7.0
6.9
7.0
6.9
7.1
6.8
6.9
6.8
7.0
6.8
6.9
6.8
-------
"SekKS.JEJi£-_
asbio# b .u£b &d—
^ACiwii -SAXifil.
6Eh5/" in &
I nWMIT I I
itt itl
go I
ks&zian.
rnoM
MONITORING PERIOD
vcau
MO
OAV
0_l
TO
VCAR
MO
05~
DAY
/T\ nuiMnn
vfa/ (ii-i/)
X
quantity on uoaoinu
QUALITY OH CONCBNTRATIOM
NO.
rS>
INftOUCNCT
or
ANAllllt
IAMFLI
TV*C
r
6J»» j(3
•AM PCS
MCAflUHKMCNf
/J*" 2-
/jri
30. /
31-*!
6»
JLa-tli
kr
INPKMIT
mmuiiiimsnt
if£>6
%iO
to
9<
d*-ily
2^ kr
Car*-p
5ut>penA«4
Solids
BAMM.I
MKAfUMCMCNl
1*133
1-5-5)
ap
3<\
/
daily
j^\ kr
CJ^vp
rcaMtr
fWUIMMlNT
/L%0
2i*/0
3<5
Afy
ZX kr
&ymf>
TK ^ ^May I-IS^
•AMM4
1*8 3
11*1
^.0
-/.£>
-3/,
(3
dAt^j
2*I k<-
flRMIT
MBOUIHSMSMT
v*orte.
V>Ol\Q-
WO r\fc_
hO»*«-
2A \>r
TKbi
•AMVtl
MIAMIMMINT
2<3G
1-4
<7. 7
<3//
3
d*.th
1^ kr
c*~~f
PCRMIT
uauiMMMr
\*70
Z5"0
3.6
daijy
Z-lWr
Fzc«.\
^,<>1 iCflr «viS
IAMFU
MIMUMMINT
/2f
MP/
'W
o
y^l
rtmiiT
RMiilMMSfCT
Z06
%k
jrU
7a4 a. 1 ^ ila.1
CVx Iot VV\ <,
•AMfLC
MKAIURIMKHT
0.2-
"»3/l
r
VJ«,
MftMIT
•SHUIIItMCMT
I
o.l
Vu-i
3r^
MM/liru NtMCMi IIICUIIVI omcu
1 CMIVV UNO&M ftMitf €30 LM IHAl « MAVC NNION*U1 IIMUHIU/
W« *N fAMAlM WIN fHC (MOMMlON lUBMtniO MAC* MO |«UO[
ON MV MOUMV Of IhOM «OVlOt|U.t IMMfOlAtriV MWQNMil rotv
M1MMG 1HC M0AM41OI • MKVl IhC SUWWTIIO MOMmIION
1* VNUt *CCIM*I| AMO COMV«.ftr « AM ANAAC fM«r INCM *AC M
mt »toi*¦»» nwrt< *4 <>r«>w4 i «mik+mmd * lf«rt i
Sl^ OpiSL-rtddZ, (
tbliphomc I
I «>*'« I
Op«r«4«r
23? <
3J?52j
?7
H
o
-------
^H*m
JfkHfA /I ii*
&
MEACUm.
td3 QO.OQ.Cl_
01 <3 7- OOQll
fCIIMIT NUMtKN
1 IM»)
QQ/ |
fcSSAXIStt.
raou
MONITORING PERIOD
VCAH
MO
OAV
s-r
TO
YCAN
MO
OAV
?r
<=T
J/
NOTE: Rltd Inilmcttow twlof competing thW form.
/J] nuuwm
(3/ ow»>
ffo —
HO.
#NtOWfN«T
or
|AMfL«
TV#*
QmMUMUM btlNITI
MINIMUM |
^AVttAM |
^MAXIMUM (
'I?
1
1
v <5
o ^
/*»
lAHftC
HIAMUMMT
<1
i«j//
3&Y
afd
rciutiT
MOUIMMBMT
f.O
*l)i SS»olrtcl .
Qty^en lt"30
IAMHI
WMUHMIHT
wj//
9
Dr*-k
muiir
MWIHMIHT
Z.o
I.O
err^J)
p"
•AM PCS
MSAMMKMSNT
L. 2-
7.2
SL»
//
Huuiir
HMUIUHSMT
^lou)
MHftl
MUIU«(MIOT
7.8
Htb
O
Cfn'h'
rWMIT
MOUUCMKMT
6.7
£0n±
1AM ru
MMMNMINT
rnu*ir
MOUIMMBMT
UMPLC .
MKAMMKMIMf
KftMIT
HMvniNwr
¦AUM ¦
WAIUUHIWT
MXHIT
UMIIMMINV
Tre*4^cj+
yQf*r4cfcr
rrrco n mintko
ug «m * mih inc momuicn lumnu mmm *no mo
oh or Man or ihmc >anomtMMmi muohmii torn
miw< TMT nramHloi l HUH IM iuanio mro*>«*iiO»i
¦ft taut ucuuii *no coMnric • •" «"»•' >«i i«*m *m m
mtcomt Kwtm fan MMn«c ruu w WIOW wriiMMir.
fMC MtMn« or ini urn mnnoiimm mi uti t *m>
lSUftC llllf «#Va*Jtar» tbw llllil'B ••• wlWr A«ri *|i 4m lliw«
, ,/ ^in111~ip-[ whmw ml >4 h imi^wmltnil 1 imh t
iionaiuiii or rniNciPAi. kxkcutivc
orriccn on authorised aoknt
(0 <§?
- wJnlw %1
ARCA I
COM I
NUMBU
YKAH
dC
0.
common MM OfUIUTION or AMY VIOUTIONI IMrtrmrt all mrtnu lutrt
*A Fani)|Jf>| (Hw. IB-7l)raivioui umoH to u uiio
'UMTU. «um.v M UIMUWID
iiBucn pa mm T-40 which mav mot si uud.i
-------
rnitKari 2 }
I jj O?0(l30j(i5)(S6){240) (540H210)tl30){170)(110)(540)(Z50)C54) (110)(17)
15/1.8753410 x 1051 * 122
Iftese results can be cheeked against each other If desired.
B. Median Hie results are arranged in Increasing order:
15, 17, 54, 56, 110, 110, 130, 130, 170, 170, 210, 240, 280, 540, 540
Total ntrcber of samples &15 15 + 1 =8
2
or
Median is 8th value, or 130
If there were 14 sarrples, excluding the sample collected on May 29th, the median
value would be 14 * 1 « 7.5, between the seventh and eighth values.
2
15, 54, 56, 110, 110, 130, 130, 170, 170, 210, 240, 280, 540, 540.
The median Is between 130 and 170: 130 + 170 = 300 siso
2 2
The median value in this case would be 150.
Page Il>
-------
discharge monitoring report
(DMR) PREPARATION
INTRODUCTION
There are several reports which document the performance of a wastewater treatment
plant. One of these reports 1s the Discharge Monitoring.Report (DMR), which most
facilities discharging to State waters are required to submit to the appropriate
Virginia Water Control Board Regional Office on a periodic basis. The OMR 1s a summary
of self-monitoring data obtained by a permit holder under the terms of his permit.
Proper preparation, completion, and timely submittal of the OMR 1s essential tot (1)
accurately reflect the treatment plant operations and effluent condition; (2) to
protect the operator and the permittee from criminal and/ or civil prosecution.
DISCHARGE MONITORING REPORT fDHRl
State and Federal laws require that anyone having an actual or potential discharge
to State waters have a Virginia Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (VPDES) permit.
The f/PDES permit contains effluent limitations pages and permit special conditions that
are specific for each discharger and receiving stream. Most VPDES permit holders are
required to submit one DMR per month tor each outfall or discharge point. DMRs provide
regulatory agencies the information necessary to protect and improve water quality
within the State.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
The permit limitations and special conditions pages list the minimum sampling,
testing, and reporting requirements for the discharge. The permit MUSr BE READ
carefully and in Its entirety in order to understand the permittee's responsibilities
and liabilities for the discharge.
Once a A/PDES permit 1s Issued, a DMR must be received by the VWCB Regional office
by the 10th of each month following each monitoring period. Failure to report is a
//PDES permit violation. The DMR must be sent whether a discharge has taken place or
not. This applies also to proposed facilities that have not been constructed or
constructed but not yet placed into service.
ALL analyses of a permitted discharge conducted by approved methods must be
reported. All analyses of permitted parameters conducted by approved methods in excess
of the required frequency must be reported on the DMR as appropriate, if a permittee
monitors the discharge for any pollutant that is not required by the permit, and uses
approved analytical procedures, the permittee shall report the results of such testing
with the DMR.
Once received by the Regional Office a DMR is logged in and a copy is sent to the
Regional Compliance Auditor for review and inclusion in the computer based Compliance
Auditing System. The DMR is reviewed for completeness and permit violations. Points are
-------
assigned for permit violations based on the severity'of the violation. Any permittee
accumulating one (l) point 1s Issued a Notice of Violation. If four (4) points are
accumulated 1n a six month period, a permittee 1s automatically referred to the VWCB
Office of Enforcement. Violation points are also assessed for DMRs that are Incorrect
or received late.
Guidelines for completion of DMRs are listed as followsi
(1} All OMRs must be typed or written 1n Indelible Ink.
(2) The DMR must be legible.
(3) An original DMR must be sent each month. I.e., the signatures and
parameter values must be filled In each month.
(4) A signed DMR must be received by the Regional Office by the 10th of
month due whether a discharge has taken place or not.
(5) The DMR used must be the most recent one Issued by the VWCB.
(6) A OMR must be signed by a certified operator 1f a certified operator
1s specified 1n the VPDES permit.
Completion of the DMR may be broken down Into three sections: (1) general
Information, (2) parameter, and (3) signature.
GENERAL INFORMATION SECTION
The general Information section of a DMR contains, among other things,:
(1) the name and address of the facility
(2) permit and discharge numbers
(3) monitoring period
(4) facility classification
(5) DMR printing date
(6) the address of the appropriate Regional Office
The facility address portion, located in the upper left corner of the DMR, is
filled in by the Board. For any change 1n address or facility name, the Board should be
notified so that a new DMR can be generated.
The permit number 1s the seven digit number prefixed by "VA" which appears in the
top center of the DMR. This number is unique for each permittee and shouJd be used on
all correspondence for proper identification.
The discharge number is located just to the right of the permit number. Most
municipal dischargers have only one outfall point and it is designated 001. For
permittees with more than one outfall, each discharge point 1s designated with its own
number (002, 003, 004, etc...). Each discharge point will have its own DMR and required
monitoring parameters.
The monitoring period is located below the permit number and discharge number. Ai
entry must be made by the permittee in this space or the DMR will be returned as
incomplete. For most permittees the monitoring period extends from the first day to the
-------
last day of the month. A OMR submitted for July. 1992 should read "92/07/01 to
92/07/31" and 1s due 1n the Regional Office by August 10. 1992. The Regional Office
address printed on the OMR 1s the address to which your OMR should be sent. All
questions regarding the permit should be directed to this office. DHRs received late by
the Regional office will be assessed violation points 1n the Compliance Auditing
System. Permittees who are chronically late submitting their OMR are subject to
enforcement action.
Above the permit and discharge number sections 1s the facility classification.
Facilities are classified major or minor and Industrial or municipal. The
classification 1s based on the size and character of the discharge. Examplei A town
with a discharge of 0.5 KGO would be classified as a municipal minor.
The date In the upper right 1s the date the OMR was printed. It 1s Important to
use the most recent OMR available. DMRs are printed when the permit 1s reissued or
modified to reflect changing permit conditions. Old OMRs should be discarded to prevent
accidental use. Failure to use the correct DMR will result 1n points being assessed 1n
the Compliance Auditing System.
PARAMETER SECTION
The parameter section contains*
(1) the specific parameters to be monitored
(2) the permit limitation
(3) units of measurement
{4} number of excursions
(5) frequency of analysis
(6} sampling requirements
This portion of the DMR reflects the monitoring requirements contained in Part I.
of the ^PDES Permit.
The permittee and the treatment plant operator should be aware that specific
methods of analysis are required for each'parameter. Regulations listing the latest
approved sample preservation and analytical procedures are published by the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 1n the Federal Register. All analytical
procedures performed for reporting purposes must be listed in the publication. Failure
to perform testing by approved procedures is a serious permit violation.
The parameter section of the DMR is comprised of rows and columns. The first
column contains the parameter name and code. Rows to the right of the parameter column
are divided into "REPORTED" and "LIMITATION" spaces. Values printed in the limitation
spaces are the effluent limits that must not be exceeded in order to remain in
compliance. No entries should be made 1n these spaces by the permittee. Spaces labeled
reported can either have ASTERISKS (****«) in them or be blank. If the space is
asterisked through, no entry should be made. If the space 1s blank an entry must be
made by the peirmittee 1f a discharge took place during the monitoring period.
-------
MONTHLY AVERAGE QUANTITY {LOADING)
The parameter section is further divided Into the quantity or loading columns and
the quality or concentration columns. The "MONTHLY AVERAGE QUANTITY" (HAQ) 1s defined
as the sum of the kilograms of pollutant discharged 1n a month divided by the number of
analyses conducted. Kilograms of pollutant per day 1s calculated as followsi
Concentration X Flow X 3.765 ¦ Dally Quantity (DQ)
ma/L MOD Kg/gal «g/oay
Concentration 1n the above equation 1s the concentration of a parameter 1n
milligrams per liter (mg/L) or parts per million (ppm). The flow is the flow 1n
millions of gallons per day (MGD) for the dav In which the sample was taken. 3.785 1s a
conversion factor to convert concentration Into quantity. The MAQ 1s calculated byt
MAQ - DO 1 + DO 2 + DO 3 + ... + DO n
Number of Samples (n) Tested During the Month
WEEKLY/ DAILY MAXIMUM QUANTITY
The "WEEKLY MAXIMUM QUANTITY" (WMQ) Is defined as the highest weekly average of
kilograms of pollutant discharged 1n a "complete week". A complete week runs from
Sunday through Saturday within one month. To calculate a weekly Average Quantity (WAQ),
take the sum of all dally quantities (DQ) within a complete week and divide by the
number of tests conducted. WAQ is calculated as followst
WAQ « DP I •+ DO 2 ¦+ DO 3 * ... * DO n
Number of samples (n) Tested in A Complete Week
The weekly maximum quantity Is the highest WAQ for the month. Any analyses
conducted on days not in complete weeks should not be included 1n weekly average
calculations.
"Daily Maximum Quantity" (DMQ) 1s defined as the highest daily quantity of
pollutant discharged in a monitoring period. DMQ Is used primarily 1n Industrial
permits while WMQ is used in municipal permits. The effluent limitation page(sj in Part
I. of your permit should be consulted to determine if your limitation is a daily or a
weekly maximum. All entries must be made 1n the units specified in the units column.
DAILY MINIMUM CONCENTRATION
The quality or concentration portion of the UMR is subdivided into "Daily
Minimum", "Monthly Average", and Weekly/ Daily Maximum" columns. The "Daily Minimum"
quality or concentration is defined as the .lowest single value detected for the
monitoring period.
MONTHLY AVERAGE CONCENTRATION
The "MONTHLY AVERAGE CONCENTRATION" (MAC) is the sum of the concentration values
for a parameter divided by the total number of analyses for the month. MAC is
calculated as follows:
-------
MAC " iBBuKr Jgy (h BftJ'uurfny tiSWitin
MAXIMUM WEEKLY/ DAILY CONCENTRATION
The "Maximum Weekly Concentration" (MWC) 1s defined as the highest Average Weekly
Concentration (AWC) of pollutant discharged during a "complete week". To calculate AWC,
take the sum of all concentration values analyzed within a complete week and divide by
the number of tests conducted. AWC 1s calculated as followsi
AWC - Test 1 + Test 2 + Test 3 + ... + Test n
Number of Samples (n) Tested In Complete Week
The MWC 1s the highest AWC for the month. Any tests conducted on days which are
not In a complete week should not be Included In AWC calculation.
DAILY MAXIMUM CONCENTRATION
Dally Maximum Concentration 1s defined as the highest dally concentration/ value
of pollutant discharged during a monitoring period. As with the quantities* all entries
must be made In the units specified 1n the units column.
The last three (3) columns 1n the parameter section are: (1) NUMBER OF EXCURSIONS.
(2) FREQUENCY OF ANALYSIS* and (3) SAMPLE TYPE. For any reporting period during which
there 1s a discharge, entries must be made in each column.
NUMBER OF EXCURSIONS
This 1s an area of the DMR that is often overlooked, and if not completed can
result in violation points being assessed against a permittee even when no effluent
'limitation has been exceeded. Therefore, for any parameter for which there are maximum
and/ or minimum limitations, an entry must be made, even if 1t is zero. Enter the
number of samples which do not comply with the maximum and/ or minimum permit
limitations 1n the "reported" space 1n the column marked "NO. EX.". Monthly average
violations are not reported in the excursion column since a monthly average can only be
violated once per month. Each excursion beyond the permitted limitation is considered a
violation for all parameters except for Total Residual Chlorine. Total Residual
Chlorine may have a number of excursions printed 1n the "limitation" space, which must
be exceeded before a violation will occur.
FREQUENCY OF ANALYSIS
The frequency of analysis column contains the minimum sampling frequency, for each
respective parameter, necessary to maintain permit compliance. On the DMR, the
frequency of analysis is given as an abbreviation such as 1/W, l/D, or l/M (weekly,
dally, monthly, respectively). Part I. of the Permit should be consulted to obtain a
clear definition of sampling frequency. If samples are analyzed by approved methods in
excess of the required frequency, the results must be reported on the DMR and the
-------
frequency of analysis must be Indicated In the "reported" space. An entry must be made
1n this column that Indicates the actual frequency. Should the frequency of analysis be
less than that specified by the permit, it 1s considered a violation of the permit.
SAMPLE TYPE
The "SAMPLE TYPE" column describes how a sample must be collected. Sample type 1s
determined by a number of factors such as facility size and the type of parameter to be
analyzed. A small facility with a discharge of consistent nature and low potential
envlronmental Impact could collect a total suspended solids (TSS) sample by taking a
grab sample, but a large publicly owned treatment works (POTW) 1s required to collect a
composite sample. The smaller facility is not prohibited from collecting a composite
sample, because 1t 1s felt that a composite sample 1s more representative. However, the
reverse 1s not true; the large POTW could not collect a TSS grab sample for reporting
purposes. Analyses for Fecal CoHform, pH, Cyanide, Chlorine, Temperature, Total
Phenols, Dissolved Oxygen, and 011 & Grease can only be collected as a grab sample, in
completing a DMR an entry must be made 1n the sample type column which Indicates how
the sample was collected.
COMPOSITE SAMPLING
Most sample types are self explanatory and require little description beyond the
definitions contained 1n the permit, with one notable exception - composite sampling.
A composite sample is defined as a combination of individual samples taken at
selected Intervals to minimize the variability of a single sample. Many permittees have
reporting requirements that call for sample compositing. A permit may require that a
composite sample be~ collected over 24 hours or as short a compositing period as one
hour. Generally speaking, the larger the flow and potential impact on a receiving
stream, the longer the compositing period.
Regardless of the compositing period involved, all permits that have sample
compositing requirements have one thing 1n common - the sample must be collected 1n
proportion to flow.
There are several options available for collection of a flow proportioned sample.
The most common wastewater automatic sampler (ISCO, etc.) collects a fixed volume at
irregular time intervals by connection to an integrated flow meter. The Mow meter
monitors effluent flow, sending a pulse to the sampler to collect a fixed volume of
sample after a predetermined volume passes it's sensor.
Certain dischargers have flows which are virtually constant. These types of
discharges can be sampled 1n proportion to flow by simply collecting a fixed volume of
sample at regular intervals. A discharge is considered to be constant if it
is consistent In character and its flow rate doesn't vary more than +10.0*. Should
something change ahead or within the treatment process that would make the discharge
-------
variable, the compositing method would also have to change. Effluent from a large
lagoon 1s an example of a discharge that may be considered constant.
Samples nay also be manually composited by either setting a sampling device to
collect the required number of discrete samples or having an Individual collect
discrete samples at predetermined times. Once collected the samples can be composited
by calculating a proportioning factor. The proportioning factor 1s calculated using the
following formulat
Proportioning Factor » Total Volume of Sample Required, ml
(Number or samples To Collect) X (Average Daily i-'low, MGD)
To calculate the desired volume of each discrete sample for a flow proportioned
sample simply multiply the Proportioning Factor by the instantaneous flow In MGD at the
time each discrete sample was collected. The average dally flow figure used 1n the
above formula would correspond with the average flow figure reported on the OMR.
Another method for manually compositing a flow proportioned sample requires that
the flow volumes for both'the total compositing period (6 hr., 24 hr., etc...) and each
compositing period be known. By substituting these values in the following formula the
size of each discrete sample can be calculated.
Sample Volume, ml «• (Flow Compositing Increment. MG ) X (Desired Sample Volume, ml )
iotaI, now During Monitoring period, mu
Both the manual compositing methods discussed will give representative results,
but the proportioning factor method 1s easier to use.
SIGNATURE SECTION
This section of the OMR contains spaces to record:
(1) Comments
(2) Bypasses
<3) Signatures
The space labeled "Additional Permit Requirements Or Comments" is provided for the
agency to list additional permit instructions or requirements and for the permittee to
give additional information.
BYPASSES
The space labeled "Bypasses and Overflows" on the lower left of the DMR is
provided for the permittee to summarize the bypass activity from recognized bypass
points occurring during the monitoring period. A bypass is the intentional diversion of
waste streams from any portion of a treatment works. Any permittee experiencing an
"unplanned bypass" must:
(1) Take IMMEDIATE steps to halt the bypass.
(2) Immediately notify the Board, but in no case later than twenty-four
(24) hours after the permittee becomes aware of the bypass.
(3) Send a report to the Board within five (5) days which includes all
-------
Relevant details.
Permittees having recognized bypass points and experiencing an unplanned bypass
are required to do all of the above and 1n addition:
(1) Submit a report each month with the DMR that Includes the date and
duration of each bypass.
(2) Give an estimation of the flow in MGD.
(3) Provide an estimation of the kilograms of BOOe discharged with each
occurrence.
(4) Complete the bypass summary on the front of the DMR.
Additional information regarding bypasses 1s given In the unusual or extraordinary
discharge section of the permit (Part II.).
SIGNATURES
The signature section contains space for the operator 1n responsible charge of the
treatment plant and the principal executive officer to sign and date the OMR. This
section of the OMR mist be completed or the DMK will be returned to the permittee.
Signatures must be In indelible ink and not photocopied. If a certified operator 1s
required, the operator in responsible charge must be of an equal or higher operator
classification to Permit Part I. requirements. Both names should be printed or typed 1n
the spaces provided. Certified operators must indicate their certificate number and
classification 1n the space provided. A telephone number for the principal executive
officer must also be Included.
-------
4\
INSTRUCTIONS FOR UTILIZING
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DISCHARGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM (NPDES)
DISCHARGE MONITORING REPORT
The original DMR form(s) included with your permit are provided to
serve as a master. Copies of this form must be used when reporting
the results of the monitoring requirements in your permit. Do not
write on or send the original master. If you receive computer
generated preprinted DMR forms they should be used in place of the
enclosed forms.
A "Monitor Only" or "Report" contained in a permit requirement block
indicates that the parameter is monitored and the test result
reported in the appropriate block. Any test methods specified in
Part C of the permit must be used.
An "Average Weekly" value is defined as the highest weekly average
value observed during the monthly monitoring period.
For parameters for which the effluent limit is lower than the Method
Detection Limit (MDL) of the most sensitive existing EPA approved (40
CFR Part 136) test, method or DER approved method, the parameters
should be analyzed using the. test method specified in Part C of the
permit. The sample results must be specified . on the DMR form as
either the measured (quantified) value or as "less than" the
detection limit used in the test (eg. < x.x). Results SHALL NOT be
reported as "Not Detectable" or ND. For computing monthly averages,
all "less than" sample results may be counted as zero values. All
sample results used in computing monthly average values must be
reported on the DMR form in the DMR comment section.
Loading or mass units shall be reported as the average of the
calculated daily loadings during the monthly (or weekly) measurement
period.
You should also note any other special instructions or definitions
contained on the front and back of the DMR as well as page 3 and 4 of
the permit.
Submit the completed forms to the State# EPA and County Health
Department as required in the permit.
-------
To Calculate Mew of Pollutants Per ¦ Sampling Event
Um the sampling • vent reported concentration end perform th« appropriate calculation'a*
foltowc
concentre x 0.00834 i _ flow (million gillaniMav) ¦ lh/«4»»
or
___ concentration (mg/1) * 8.34 t flow (million galloaafday)» _____ lb/day
Th« rtlu* aseigBod to "flow (million gallons/day)" should bo th« 24-hour ivirt;i flow for th*
outfiilloa tho day tho taaplowu taken. Where an outfall dUcharp* for only part of a day
(x hour*), tho dally bum valuo should b« d*Urmin*d by using tho s*hour innp flow.
To Ctktim m AiUhtmrtk h*tnn or ttttn
Um tho following equation:
X| + Xi + X» » X4 +.... X,
n
where a a number of reaulta
X s value of eaeh analytical reiult
For example,
Ave samples w«r« analyzed, their results *«r# 75,82,90,70,85.
75 » M *90 ~ 70 ~ M „ M4
8
To Calculate ¦ Geometric Me«n or Geometric Aurtn (For Feeal Coliform Only)
Use tho following equation:
'V Xi s X, x Xj 1 X4 t.... X.
where a « number of enaljrsisr*sulu Note: Ifany value of X Li rare, lubsiituU
X ¦ value of each analytical result a 1.0 for the calculation.
For example,
flve samples were analysed. their results were 75,82,90,70,85.
• V 75 * 82 x 90 x 70 x 85 » ®v 3.293.323,000 ¦ 80.1
To Calculate Average of Value* Expressed a* 'Lmi than Numbers'
\
Whan averaging a series of value* which are all expressed as "lea than" value*, add tho*e number*
and divide by the number of values. Report it as "leu than" that average number.
- For example, thorriulU are <10, <50 and <28.
Calculate tho avarag* a* U0+50~ 25)*3» <28.3.
When the series of value* to be averaged is a mixture of real Dumber* and "less than" numbers, add all
the numbers and divide by the number of values. The method of reporting the mult* will depend on the
relative frequency of occurrence of "lea* than" numbers, and the relative difference la magnitude of the
sample rwulta. EftUMBfilt:
The average of < 10, <25,40 would be reported aa <25
The average of <10,40,70 would bo reported aa 40
The average of <10, <10,100 would bo reported a* 40
-------
V
i 3 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY St.
REGION III ^
\ C£?'TflAt. REGIONAL. LABORATORY
'* 839 BESTGATE ROAO vi
AN'NAPOUS, MAHYLAND 2t4QI <* \
KATIOitfL POLLUTANT 01SCHARGE ELIKINATIOB SYSTEM iC
;
\ * •*
Instructions in Completing Monitoring Report Forms
To assist 1n completing/the N?BES Discharge Monitoring Report
detailed-set-of instructions, sample calculation, and an. actual example of
a completed Report have been developed. Enclosed are (1) a set of
effluent limitations for a typical treatment plant with secondary
treatment requirements: including monitoring requirements for the
discharge and (2) a completed sample monitoring report for the discharge.
One of these reports should be filled out for each month on each discharge
which has specific effluent requirements. Report forms shouldjie ji i .
submitted no later than the 28th day following the end of a
reporting perioif unless otherwise stated in your permit.
Although the example permit limits parameters on a monthly and Weekly,
average basis, other permits may specify such items as daily average,
weekly average, or instantaneous maximum. In any case self monitoring
.data should be collected and reported in accordance with permit
definitions; and sun-^iarized cn the reporting form (EPA Form 3320-1).
It is acceptable to report the 30 day average as the average for the
calendar month. Likewise the weekly average can be reported as the
highest average for the first four 7 day periods (1st to 7th of month, 8th
to 14th, .... 22nd to 28thJ in the month.
Specific Instructions for Ccmoleting the Oischarqe Monitoring Report, Form
fcPA 3320-1 —
1. The permittee name and address and the facility location if
different from that of the permittee are to be provided in the
upper left hand corner of the form.
2. Box marked "permit nur-bsr" is a nine character identification
code located on the first page of your discharge permit. It
consists of a two character state abbreviation followed by a
seven digit numerical sequence.
Example: MO 0023456
3. Box marked "discharce number" is a three digit number assigned in
the discharge permit to locations or discharges at a treatment
facility that are required to be monitored.
4. Boxes for the monitoring period "YEAR, HO, DAY--roust always be
completed for the one month period being summarized. (See
completed sample of monitoring report form.J
-------
5„ Completion of permit renditions: The discharge permit issued trf
you nas tne permittee conditions for each parameter. The
attached example Inches discharge permit effluent limitations
for a typical rounicipil waste secondary treatment plant having a
design flow of 0.3 million gallons per day (P.GD). Conditions for
all parameters are included in the "Special Conditions" of the
discharge permit.
6. "FREQUENCY OF ANALYSIS* boxes must represent the actual frequency
of sampling and analysis for the month being reported. Required
sampling frequencies are listed in the discharge permit. "Cont"
may be used for continuous, "1/7" for one day per week, "2/7" for
two days per week, B14/7M for twice per day, or "1/30" for one
day per month, etc.
7k Soxes marked "SAMPLE TYPE" must reflect actual type of sample
collected for that monthly reporting period. The type of sample
required for each parameter is listed In your discharge permit.
Specify "Grab", "8 HC" for 8 hour composite, "24 HC" for 24 hour
composite.
8. Completion of reports values: After entering the permit
conditions for each parameter from the discharge permit issued to
you, the monthly monitoring data must be summarized consistent
with the definitions contained in the discharge permit, and
generally as follows:
a. "CONCENTRATIONS"
First, complete the concentrations for BODc and Suspended
Solids. Referring to the attached sample ^monitoring data"
sheet, there are eight BOD5 tests for the month reported.
The values are 20, 40, 20, 30, 30, 20, 20, and 30 mg/L. The
average concentration of (27.5 mg/L) was determined by
adding these eicht values (result: 220) and dividing by the
number of values (8). The highest weekly average was
determined by averaging BOD5 tests on a weekly basis.
Weekly
"7 Consecutive Day"
Average
1st Week
30, 40
20, 30
35
2nd Ueek
25
3rd Ueek
30, 20
25
4th Ueek
20, 30
25
-------
The highest weekly average concentration (35 mg/L) and the monthly
average concentration (27.5 ng/L) are entered on the monthly monitoring
reprrt as maximum and average respectively. 1,'otc that the "average"
fi^-jra (27.5 rag/L) reported will correlate with the monthly average
iinitaticn in the dischVye permit and the "iKaxiT.-.T.-1 figure (35 mg/L)
reported will correlate witia the "weekly average" limitation in the
discharge permit (cr the daily maximum, if this applies to your permit).
The total number of exceptions (permit conditions exceeded) for
average and maximum must be entered in the "NO. EX." boxes. In the sample
illustration there were no noncompliances of permit conditions, thus, no
exceptions.
Use the above procedure for calculating and reporting suspended solids
concentrations (mg/L).
b. LOADINGS OR "QUANTITIES'1 (lbs/day or kg/day)
Definitions:
1. The "monthly average" means the summation of the daily
mass loadings as derived from the required measurements
divided by the number of days during the month the
measurements were made.
?. The "weekly average" means the summation of the daily
mass loadings as derived from the required measurements
divided by the number of days during the week the
measurements were made.
Quantities or loadings are to be reported in lbs/day or
''.g/day using the following equations:
Quantihesfrbs/cay) = Flow (KGO) X concentration (mg/L) X 8.34*
Quantilt
-------
Using tha attached sample r,onthly monitoring data sheet, the
following data is listed for computing purposes.
5-Day Biochemical Oxygen Caraand (BCO5)
1st Waak
Flew
BOQ5
Monday
.3
30.0
~TJT
Wednesday
.4
40.0
(6.0 Average
9 + 16
2—
e 12.5
2nd Mask
Flow
BOO5
Tuesday
.2
20.0
4.U
Thursday
.3
30.0
3.0 Average = 4 + 9 = 6.5
3rd Ueek
Flow
BOO5
Wednesday
.4
30.0
"TO"
Friday
.25
20.0
"5.0
Average = 12-5 = 8.5
4£b .Week
Flow
BOD5
Monday
.25
20.0
570~
Wednesday
.4
30.0
l<£.U 1 Average B 5 + 12
= a .5
Monthly Average = 12.5 + 6.5 + 8.5 * 8.5 = 35 = 9
4 4
Maximum Weekly Average = 12.5
It is necessary to ."ultiply the values (9.0) and i'i2.5J by 8.34
or 3.79 to obtain monthly and weekly average loadings inlbs/day
or kg/day respectively.
BOD5 Monthly Average Loading (lbs/day) * 9.0 X 8.34 = 75.05
lbs/day
BOD5 Maximum Weekly Average Loading (lbs/day) = 12.5 X 8-34 =
104.25 lbs/day
The monthly average loading (75.06 lbs/day) and the maximum
weekly loading are then entered on the monthly monitoring report
as "Average" and "Maximum" values respectively. The total number
of exceptions (permit conditions exceeded) for average and
maximum must be entered in the "NO. EX." box on the monthly
monitoring report. In the sample Illustration there were no
noncompliances with permit conditions, thus, no exceptions.
-------
c. Using the attached sample monthly monitoring data sheet the
computations :f the suspended solids mass loadings are made
iii the same r.a.mer used for calculating the mass loading for
ECD.
d. FLOW
Th2 monthly aver ace flow is the arithmetic average of all
daily determinations or flow made during the monthly
reporting period. This flow was computed to be (.27 MGD).
The daily maximum flow means the maximum daily determination
of fiow as ooserved during a monthly reporting period. This
flow'is taken from the sample monthly monitoring data sheet
and is (.4 KGD). Enter these values under "FLOW" on the
monthly reporting form. If the flow is continuously
recorded a daily average should be determined and used to
compute the monthly average flow and obtain the daily
maximum flow.
e. pH
The maximum and minimum allowed in the discharge permit is
usually 6.0 to 8.5 or 9.0. Reported values should be the
extremes of all test values determined during the reporting
month. Refersr.ee to the sample monthly monitoring data
sheet indicates that the minimum pH is 6.3 and the maximum
pH is 8.0. Enter these values under "pH" on the reporting
form. There v.sre no noncompliances of permit conditions,
thus, no exceptions.
f. DISSOLVED OXYSSri
The dissolved oxygen limitation (mg/L) is reported as that
minimum value of all test values determined during the
reporting month. Reference to the sample monthly monitoring
data sheet indicates that the minimum D.O. is 4.2 mg/L.
Enter this value under "DISSOLVED OXYGEN" on the reporting
form. There were four noncompliances of permit conditions*
therefore, enter "4" in the appropriate number of exceptions
(NO. EX.) box and submit the required noncompliance reports.
g. TOTAL RESIDUAL CHLORINE
The total resii-al chlorine limitation (mg/L) is reported as
that maximum vslue of all test values determined during the
reporting period. Referring to the sample monthly
monitoring data sheet the maximum total chlorine residual is
3.0 mg/L. Entar this value under "TOTAL CHLORINE RESIDUAL"
on the reporting form. There were fifteen noncompliances of
permit conditions, therefore, enter "15" in the appropriate
number of exceptions (NO. EX.) box and submit the required
noncompliance reports.
-------
h. FECAL CCLIrOr..'-!
Fecal Colifcr- and other bacteria tost results are usually
based on a ".est Probably Nurier per 100 ailliliter
(ml). The results.of the tests are calculated based on a
geometric .maan instead of an arithmetic rcaan. The gecmetri;
mean may be calculated by a long hand method requiring the
extraction of the root of a nuir-bar or by the logarithm
method both of which are Illustrated below.
Long Hand Example
Test Results 7 Consecutive
(HPH/100 nil J Day Average
1st week 159,120 138 * n]
2nd week 202,106 146 ¦ ni
3rd week 198,210 204 = n3
4th week 80,132 103 = n4
Geometric Mean (GM)
""^n] x ng x n3 x ... nz
1st week 159 x 120 = 138
2nd week ~^/202 X = 146
3rd week ~^198 * 2F5 = 204
4th week 80 y 13I. = 103
Report: Step 1
Step 2
138 x 146 x 204 x 103 = 423,349,776
""^423,345,775 = 143
-------
The reporting form wouli is completed as follows:
eventration
Minfrva Average Maximum Frequency Units Type
Reported 123 143 204 n/100 ml 2/7 Grab
Permit Condition — 200 400 —-—— 2/7 Grab
logarithmic Method
How to use logarithms (or logs) and find the geometric mean (or GM).
of n fecal coliform counts, where such count is greather than or equal to
one.
Let the first fecal coliform count * H]
Let the second fecal coliform count = M2
etc.
Let the last fecal coliform count * Nn
Let n equal the teal number of such fecal coliform counts or
n = sample size. The formula for the GM when using logs is:
GM (of Hlt N2i ..., iln) =
log Mi + log H2 + ... log Nn
Anti-log
-
In order to complete the calculations on the right hand side of the
equation, four operations are necessary.
A. Determine the loc fcr each of the n fecal coliform counts.
B. Add or sum the n leg
C. Divide the -sum by sample si2e equal to n
D. Find the anti-log cf the answer to step C
An example of the calc.-istions for the operating procedure is as
follows:
-------
First Week
Geometric ?'.2in («:¦;) of :53 and 120 =
oq log 159 + log 120
2
GM (159,120) = Ami-log 2-20140 + 2.07918
2
GM (159,120) = Anti-leg 2.14029
GM (159,120) = 133
Month
GM (133, 146, 204, 103) =
Anti-log log 138 + log 146 + log 204 + log 103
4
GM (138, 146, 204, 103) =
Anti-log 2.13988 +•2.16435 + 2.30963 + 2.01284
4
GM (138, 146, 204, 103) = Anti-log 2.15668
GM (138, 146, 204, 103) = 143
Some checks for gross errors.
1. GM lies betv/een the largest and smallest value. Fcr the
problem GM (138, 146, 204, 103) = 143, the largest = 204 and '-.e
smallest = 103. 143 lies between "these two, there is -c cross
error.
2. GM is less th«n the arithmatic mean* (AM)
AM = 138 * 146 * 204 + 103 = 148
5
GM « 143 is less than AM = 148. Hence, there is no gross error.
* GM = AM if all coliforn counts are equal.
-------
9. Complete the bottom of the monitoring report form with
the name, title, date and signature of the principal
executive office or authorized agent. Mail to the
offices specified In your discharge permit.
10. All parameters limited in the discharge permit must be
reported. . Supplemental forms are available for these
parameters. Other reports, such as reports on the
monitoring of overflows, may also be required as
attachments, if specified in your permit.
11. Noncompliance with Effluent Limitations
If for any reason the permittee does not'
comply with or will be unable to comply with any
effluent-limitations specified in this permit, the
permittee shall immediately notify the permitting
authority by telephone and provide the following
information in writing within five (5) days of such
notification:
a. A description of the noncomplying discharge
including its impact upon the receiving waters;
b. Cause of noncompliance;
c. Anticipated time the condition of
noncompliance is expected to continue or if
such condition has been corrected, the
duration of the period of noncompliance;
d. Steps taken by.the permittee to reduce-and
eliminate the noncomplying discharge;
e. Steps to be taken by the permittee to prevent
recurrence of the condition of noncomoliance
and
f. A description of the accelerated or additional
monitoring to determine the nature and impact
of the noncomplying discharge.
-------
Monthly Monitoring Data (March, 1931}
l*t Week
Flow
B0D5
SS
CoVifornis
12
SH
0.0.
Kon.
.3
30
30
1.0, 1.5
7.0, 7.5
6.0, 4.5
Teas.
.25
159
0.3, 0.5
7.0, 7.5
5.5, 5.0
Wed.
.4
40
40
1.5, 1.5
6.8, 7.1
5.4, 5.6
Thurs.
.2
1.0, 1.5
6.5, 8.0
6.0, 5.1
Fri.
.15
120
0.5, 1.0
7.0,-7.5
6.5, 5.5
.Sat.
*3
1.0, 1.2
6.8, 7.6
6.1, 5.-4
Sun.
.35
1.3, 1.4
7.1, 7,4
5.3, 6.0
2nd Week
ton.
.2
2.0, 2.2
7.2, 7.5
5.0, 5.2
Tues.
.2
20
20
2.0, 2.5
7.6, 7.2
'4.2, 5.0
Wed.
.35
202
1.5, 1.7.
7.1, 7.4
5.5, 6.0
Thurs.
.3
30
30
3.0, 2.8
6.3, 7.1
5.4, 5.6
Fri.
.3
4.5, 1.2
6.., 6.8
5.8, 5.1
Sat.
.25
105
1.3, 1.0
6.6, 6.8
"5.0, 5.2
Sun.
.2
1.3, 1.5
7.C, 7.4
5.8, 5.1
3rd Week
Mon.
.3
198
1.0, 1.3
7.1, 7.2
5.5, 6.0
Tues.
.25
1.3, 1.5
7.0, 7.2
5.8, 5.2
Wed.
.4
30
30
1.8, 2.2
6.6, 6.c
6.0, 6.2
Thurs.
.2
210
1.0, 1.2
7.0, 7.2
5.5, 5.3
Fri.
.25
20
20
2.0, 2.2
7.1, 7A
6.2, 6.5
Set.
.15
1.5, 1.5
6.4, 7.1
5.1, 6.0
S',-.
.3
0.3, 0.5
7.0, 7.4
5.5, 3.3
41K Veek
¦MoA
.25
20
20
80
2.0, 2.5
6.8, 7.2
5.5, 6.0
1m €S.
.3
/
1.0, 1.5
7.0, 7.5
4.2,' 4.8
Wed.
.4
30
30
1.2, 1.6
6.4, 7.1
•5.0, 5.5
Thurs.
.35
1.4, 1.8
7.0, 7.4
6.0, 6.5
Fri.
.2
132
1.0, 1.5
7.2, 7.7
6.2, 6.6
Sat.
.3
1.0, 1.3
6.8, 7,1
5.3, 5.6
Sun.
.15
1.5, 1.0
6.5, 8.0
6.0, 5.8
-------
h.hh ABC —- 1 nc.
l2_Sml tfiJRoad^,
DISCHARGE
f:'
i dQDcsjdUejJteCYland
nn nnn/P
PERMIT
•M' ¦ I
11t Hiixotn I
rOMING. KCPOI1T |IW/I)
rir/W
til rtf/fiivtni
iDNo.ua. 4
julL
OUCMUC NVMBCD
MONirORINQ PERIOD
(same as above)
TEAR
MO 1 OAY I
*ear
MO
OAT
i.ocaViom •
•
MOM
81
03 | OjJ »
81
03
-iL
no m
.
(X7II
mm ami
mm
P**W
{.'1 JM
X
(J Ct'J Oalrl QUANTITY OR LOAOINO
I'MI) (SJ-tl)
|V C—t O ,1ft OUALITV OR CONCENTRATION
fJS-13) («JJ) OUI)
NO.
((
n-tn
rftCOUCMCV
or
ANAWmi
««««
tA*
TV
ubC ' 11K IhMlM *«Jtt fArir •Nliln mil hkMt Inirf *p N If
A,MTr7?tA.»AimM Or AMY VIOLATIONS {HtlOfitf oil ¦tf«,l>Kirn»l hrrtl
SIGNATURC or PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE
erriem on authomxko aocnt
7HBC1
¦CgglU
NUMOK*
YEAR
MO
-------
REFERENCE MANUAL
for
WV NPDES DISCHARGE
MONITORING REPORTS
West Virginia Division of Natural Resources
Water Resources Section
Charleston, West Virginia 25311
Gaston Caperton
Governor
John M. Ranson, Secretary
0. Edward Hamrick III, Director
Laidley Eli McCoy, Chief
January 1991
Printed on Recycled Paper
-------
INTRODUCTION
Compliance Monitoring personnel of the Water Resources Section
have noted that a number of NPDES facilities have misunderstood
several permit requirements. It is hoped that this manual will
provide information to the permit-holders and plant operators in
order to clarify common misconceptions and errors. Included are
instructions providing assistance in the completion of the WV/NPDES
Discharge Monitoring Reports (DMR) required by your WV/NPDES permit.
THIS MANUAL IS NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR HAVING A THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE
OF ALL THE REQUIREMENTS OF YOUR NPDES PERMIT. YOU MUST THOROUGHLY
READ YOUR PERMIT AND ADHERE TO ALL REQUIREMENTS. IT IS THE
PERMITTEE'S RESPONSIBILITY TO ENSURE DMR'S ARE PROPERLY COMPLETED
AND RECORDS MAINTAINED, AND THAT ALL PERMIT REQUIREMENTS ARE UPHELD.
It is the permit-holders legal responsibility to provide
accurate monitoring information and maintain records as required.
Failure to uphold this responsibility is subject, but not limited,
to the following liabilities, as noted in Section C.14 of all
WV/NPDES permits:
(a) Any person who violates a permit condition implementing
sections 301, 302, 306, 307, 308, 318 or 405 of the Clean Water
Act is subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $10,000 per day
of such violation. Any person who willfully or negligently
violates permit conditions implementing sections 301, 302, 306,
307, 308 of the Clean Water Act is subject to a fine of not less
than $2,500 nor more than $25,000 per day of violation, or by im-
prisonment for not more than 1 year, or both.
(b) Any person who falsifies, tampers with, or knowingly
renders inaccurate any monitoring device or method required to
be maintained under permit shall, upon conviction, be punished
by a fine of not more than $10,000 per violation, or by imprison-
ment for not more than 6 months per violation, or by both.
(c) Any person who knowingly makes any false statement,
representation, or certification in any record or other document
submitted or required to be maintained under permit, including
monitoring reports or reports of compliance or noncompliance shall,
upon conviction, be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000
per violations, or by imprisonment for not more than 6 months per
violation, or by both.
(d) Nothing in C. 14. (a), (b) and (c) shall be construed
to limit or prohibit any other authority the Chief may have under
the State Water Pollution Control Act, Chapter 20, Article 5A.
-------
INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING WEST VIRGINIA NPDES DISCHARGE
MONITORING REPORT (DMR) FORMS
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1. DMR's should be completed for each month, or less frequently
in accordance with your permit, on each discharge that has
specific effluent limitations or monitoring requirements. If
during the month, an outlet (such as a cooling tower blowdown)
has no discharge, then this information should be submitted on
the appropriate DMR.
2. DMR's should be submitted no later than the 2 0th day following
the end of the reporting period, unless otherwise stated in
your permit.
3. Data must be collected in accordance with Permit conditions.
Carefully read and follow requirements in Section E. and F.
of the permit which specifically addresses Monitoring and
Reporting requirements. (Note that deficiencies in regard
to this section of the permit account for the majority of
unsatisfactory ratings given during our inspections).
4. Printed DMR forms are not supplied by the State for each
reporting period. Therefore, the DMR form attached to the
permit should be copied in sufficient quantities for five
years worth of reporting.
5. Major facilities are required to submit a copy of their DMR's
to EPA Region III.
6. Your permit may have winter and summer limitations. If your
permit has such limitations, the corresponding DMR should be
used.
7. Your permit and/or administrative order may have interim
and final limitations, if so use the appropriate DMR.
8. Attach additional permit requested information directly to
your DMR according to permit requirements, as all permit
requirements are not necessarily indicated on the DMR.
Many municipalities have combined storm/sanitary overflows
which must be monitored for cause, frequency, quantity, quality
and duration. All of this information must be reported.
Documentation of these events should be submitted as per permit
requirements (monthly or quarterly). Many industrial and some
municipal facilities have additional requirements under Section
G of the permit (bioassays, benthic surveys, etc.). Attach this
information to the appropriate DMR.
l-
-------
SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS
1. Make copy of blank DMR (example included), which is attached to
your KV/NPDES permit.
2. Fill in month and year at the top left-hand corner of
the form.
3. Reporting Values: You should use space provided for reporting
values for each parameter on the DMR. The average monthly
value represents the "30 consecutive day" average. The
maximum daily concentration on the reporting forms refers
to the highest concentration reported for the month. For
permits (POTW's) which have seven (7) consecutive day average
limits, the arithmetic average may be reported as average for
the first 7 day periods (1st to 7th of the month, 8th to 14th,
15th to 21st, 22nd to 28th). Some permits may have 7
consecutive day average limitations as a permit condition, but
no reporting requirements. Nevertheless, records should be kept
of 7 day averages and excursions reported to the permitting
agency within five (5) days. A violation by the permittee
(POTW) of this 7 day average or for any other stipulated permit
condition shall be considered an excursion.
Fecal coliform averaging must always be calculated using
a geometric mean and not an arithmetic average. See "Specific
Instructions" number five (5).
Example for arithmetic calculations/reporting.
1st week
2nd week
3rd week
4th week
Measured Values
19, 29
34, 28
40, 26
26, 20
Average Monthly or 30 Consecutive Day Average
= 27.75
Maximum Daily
40
The reporting form would be completed as follows:
Reported
Minimum*
19
Average Monthly
27.75
Maximum Daily
40
~Only if required by the permit.
-2-
-------
Example
7 Consecutive Day Averages
1st week - 24
2nd week - 31
3rd week - 33
4th week - 23
Should your permit require reporting a 7 day average, you should
pick the maximum 7 day average to report. The 7 day average for
this example would be 33.
4. Calculating loadings in pounds per day (DMR "Quantity").
Data Needed: Pollutant Concentration in mg/1
Flow for the sample period in HGD (24 hours for composite
samples, instantaneous for grab samples such as oil and grease).
Calculation: Pounds per Day = Concentration (mg/1) x Flow
(HGD) x 8.34 (pounds per gallon).
Since the loading is expressed in unit mass per day, the flow rate
should be representative of the 24 hour day in which the sample(s)
were taken. Accurate 24 hour totalizer readings are the ideal
source of this information. If flow recordings or totalizer is
not available, instantaneous flow rate measurements made at the
time samples were taken may be used to calculate an average flow
rate for the sample period. It should be noted, that all com-
posites must be on a flow proportioned basis (see attachments
for some recommended procedures).
Calculate the loading using the above formula for each day during
the month the samples were taken. Select the highest daily
calculated value for each parameter and record this on the DMR
for the daily maximum value. Next, determine the arithmetic average
of all daily loadings for each parameter during the month and
record this on the DMR for the average monthly value.
Basically stated, loading calculations should use the flow at
the time the samples are collected along with the sample results
for daily loading values. Then, average all daily values to arrive
at the monthly average. Never use average flow to calculate the
average monthly loadings.
Example
1st week - 2.0 MGD X 20 mg/1 x 8.34 = 333.6 lbs/day
2nd week - 1.5 MGD x 18 mg/1 x 8.34 = 225.2 lbs/day
-3-
-------
3rd week - 2.1 HGD x 13 mg/l x 8.34 = 227.7 lbs/day
4th week - 1.8 MGD x 10 mg/1 x 8.34 = 150.1 lbs/day
936.6 T 4 = 234.2 lbs/day
Daily maximum loading = 333.6 lbs/day
Average monthly loading - 234.2 lbs/day
5. Fecal Coliform - Fecal coliform averaging must always be
calculated using a geometric mean and not an arithmetic
average. The method of analysis for fecal coliform count
should be circled on the DMR. MF stands for membrane filter
technique. MPN is the multiple tube or gas method. From all
sample results during the month, select the highest numerical
value and record this as the daily maximum. Do not record "too
numerous to count" (TNTC). This is not a valid result and
when it occurs additional samples should be run with adequate
dilutions.
If more than one fecal coliform result is obtained during a
reporting period (month or 7 consecutive day) a geometric
mean of those results must be reported.- The geometric mean
may be calculated by either the root extraction method or
by use of logarithmic tables. An example of each is given
below.
Root extraction - a scientific calculator is very handy for this:
(th)
y N1 x N2 x N{th) - geometric mean (GM)
Given fecal coli test results, twice per week sampling.
1st week
20 and
100
COl/100
ml
2nd week
50 and
250
COl/100
ml
3rd week
30 and
298
col/100
ml
4th week
800 and
101
col/100
ml
Solution
th
2
v N1 X N2 X Nth
v 20 X
100
= 45
2
v 50 X
250
= 112
2nd wk.
-4-
-------
2
= \/ 30 x 298 = 95 = 7 day avg. 3rd wk.
2
= Veoo x 101 = 284 = 7 day avg. 4th wk.
4
Month Avg. « V 45 X 112 X 95 X 284 = 108 col/100 ml
Logarithmic Method
How to use logarithms (or logs) and find the geometric mean {or GM)
of n fecal coliform mesurements, where the number of measurements
(n) is greater than or equal to one.
Let the first fecal coliform measurement = N1
Let the second fecal coliform measurement = N2
etc.
Let the last fecal coliform measurement = Nn
Let n equal the total number of such fecal coliform
measurements or sample size. The formula for the GM
when using logs is:
GM (of Nl, N2, ,Nn) =
log Nl + log N2 + log Nn
Anti-log
n
in order to complete the calculations on the right-hand side of
the equation, four operations are necessary.
A. Determine the log for each of the n fecal coliform
measurements
B. Add or sum the log values
C. Divide the sum by sample size (n)
D. Find the anti-log of the answer to step C
An example of the calculations is as follows:
First Week
Geometric Mean (GM) of 159 and 120 =
Anti-log [log 159 + log 1203
2
GM (159, 120 - Anti-log [2.20140 + 2.07918J
! 2
-------
GM (159, 120 = Anti-log 2.14029
GM (159, 120) = 138
Month
GM (138, 146, 204, 103)
Anti-log
[log 138 + log 146 + log 204 + log 103]
4
GM (138, 146, 204, 103)
Anti-log
[2.13988 + 2.16435 + 2.30963 -I- 2.012841
4
GM (138, 146, 204, 103) = Anti-log 2.15668
GM (138, 146, 204, 103) = 143
Some checks for gross errors.
1. GM lies between the largest and smallest value. For
the problem GM (138, 146, 204, 103) = 143, the.largest =
204 and the smallest = 103. Since 143 lies between these
two, there is no gross error.
2. GM is less than the arithmetic mean* (AM)
AM = 138 -f 146 + 204 + 103 _ 14Q
GM = 143 is less than AM = 148. Hence, there is no
gross error.
*GM = AM if all coliform counts are equal.
6. "N.E." (i.e., number exceeding) Under this heading the number
of excursions (tests which exceeded permit limits) for each
parameter should be listed. This includes maximum, minimum
and/or average excursions (exceedences).
7. "Measurement Frequency" boxes should represent the frequency
of sampling and analysis for the month being reported. If
you are sampling less or more frequently than required, be
sure to note the actual frequency.
8. "Sample Type" boxes should reflect the actual type of sample
being collected for that month. Specify "grab", 8HC for .8
hour composite or "24 HC" for 24 hour composite.
-6-
-------
9. Percent removal of BOD-5 and TSS nay be calculated in the
following manner:
Percent removal = Concentration in-Concentration Out x «qq
Concentration in
Although the permit may not require reporting of this percentage,
a record may need to be kept to satisfy the permit requirement
listed under "other requirements" which requires that the
arithmetic means of effluent values not exceed 15 percent of
arithmetic, means of influent values. Note that influent samples
must be collected the same day, using the same methodology and at
the same time that effluent samples are collected.
10. Complete the bottom of the DMR with the typed or printed
name of the principal Executive Officer, title and date of
completion. Affix the authorized signature, then mail to the
address given in the permit.
11. An example of a detailed, step-by-step process for
completing a DMR for a typical sewage treatment plant
may be referenced in Appendix A. If you have any questions
regarding records or DMR calculations call the Division of
Natural Resources, Water Resources Section's Compliance
Monitoring personnel at (304) 755-3846.
-7-
-------
MANUAL COMPOSITING METHOD
(Flow Recorded as MGD)
Tine SampleFlowsample
Bottle No. Collected MGD Size (ml)**
1
0800
0.07
X
586.3
40
2
0900
0.09
X
586.3
55
3
1000
0.10
X
586.3
=
60
4
1100
0.13
X
586.3
—
80
5
1200
0.16
X
586.3
ss
95
6
1300
0.21
X
586.3
=
125
7
1400
0.23
X
586.3
=
135
S
1500
0.26
X
586.3
150
9
1600
0.29
X
586.3
=
170
10
1700
0.31
X
586.3
=
180
11
1800
0.31
X
586.3
t=
180
12
1900
0.30
X
586.3
=
175
13
2000
0.28
X
586.3
s=
165
14
2100
0.22
X
586.3
=
130
15
2200
0.18
X
586.3
•as
105
16
2300
0.17
X
586.3
=
100
17
2400
0.28
X
586.3
=
165
18
0100
0.35
X
586.3
s
205
19
0200
0.39
X
586.3
=
230
20
0300
0.45
X
586.3
s
260
21
0400
0.42
X
586.3
— ,
245
22
0500
0.42
X
586.3
=
245
23
0600
0.42
X
.586.3
'=
245
24
0700
0.39
X
586.3
=
230
6.43 3770
Average daily flow = °hrsl0WS = = 0,27 mgcI*
~Method is for 24-hour composite using 24 discrete samples
Approximately Total Sample Required (ml) = 3770
Sample Required a Factor |770 = 5Q6 3
Sum of Flows 6.43
Factor x Hourly Flow (MGD) = Hourly Sample Size
**Note final sample sizes have been rounded off to nearest 5 ml
for this example.
-------
Manual Compositing Method
(Flow Recorded as % of Maximum)
Time Samele
Collected
1
0800
2
0900
3
1000
4
1100
5
1200
6
1300
7
1400
8
1500
9
1600
10
1700
11
1800
12
1900
13
2000
14
2100
15
2200
16
2300
17
2400
18
0100
19
0200
20
0300
21
0400
22
0500
23
0600
24
0700
%Flow
Sample Size (ml)
39 X 11.3 =
441
42
475
48
542
33
373
28
316
20
226
22
249
27
305
33
373
42
475
33
373
30
'339
40
452
38
429
30
339
20
226
14
158
14
158
8
90
25
271
40
452
30
339
20
226
33
373
709
8000
Avg. Daily Flow = SU24°hours^°WS = (next line)
7f)Q
= 29.5% Avg. Flow x 1.014 MGD Max. Flow
Approximate Total Sample Required (ml) = 8000
Sample Required = Factor 8000 = 11.3
Sum of % Flows 709
Factor X Hourly % Flow = Hourly Sample Size
-------
Itevi j-89 NATIONAL POLLUTANT DI |RGE ELIMINATION SYSTEM
DISCHARGE M ORING REPORT
FACILITY NAME . COMMERCIAL LABORATORY NAME
LOCATION OF FACILITY GOWERCIAL LABORATORY ADDRESS _
PER4IT NUMBER . OUTLET NO.
WASTELQAD FOR MWffl OF 19 INDIVIDUAL PERFORMING ANALYSES
Parameter
Quantity
Other Units
Measurement
Sample
Type
Minim tun
Avg. Monthly
Ma*. Dally
Units
N.f.
Minimum
lag. Monthly
Mas. Dally
Units
N.E.
Frequency
RlpOfltd
ParmK
Limitation
Raportad
' ParmH
Limitation
R sported
ParmK
Limitation
R sported
ParmK
Limitation
Reported
ParmH
Limitation
-
Raportad
Permit '
Limitation
-
Raportad
ParmK
j Limitation
Nam* of Principal t«oc. Off lew
1 certify under panally of law that thla docuaiant and all
attachment! were prepared undar my direction or supervision In
accordance with a system designed to aasure that qualified
peraonnvl properly gather and evaluate the Information submitted.
Baaed on my Inquiry of the perion or peraona who manage the
system. or those peraona directly reaponilbta for gathering the
Information, tho Information submitted I*, to the beat of my
knowledge and bellar, true, accurate, and complete. 1 mi aware
that there are aignlflcant penaltlea for auhmlttJng falae
Information, Including the possibility of fine and Imprisonment
lor knowing viotationa.
Data Completed
V ' "t
THIeof Offioar
Signature of Principal Exec. Off tear or Authorised Ajen
1
-------
APPENDIX A
Step-by-Step Process for Filling Out
NPDES OMR for Typical STP
Step 1. Print or type month and year of report.
Step 2. Total daily flows and divide by days in the month.
Step 3. Did flow exceed average monthly on DMR? "0" if average
flow is equal or less than number on DMR. "1" if
average is greater.
Step 4. Type in continuous and measured if flow was recorded
constantly by flow meter.
Step 5. Add the BOD-5 daily or weekly test results and divide
the number of sample days in month to obtain monthly
average. If one test was performed that month, enter
result under "Other Units."
Step 6. Enter the highest BOD-5 daily test result for your
reported daily maximum. If one test was performed
that month, enter the same result as the average.
Step 7. Did the average or maximum result exceed the permitted
value. Enter "O" if BOD-5 value is equal or less than
the permitted value under N.E. (number of exceedance)
column. If the average value exceeded the average
monthly permitted value then enter "1". If daily
maximum permitted values was exceeded during the
month, enter the total number of exceedances (N.E.).
Step B. Enter measurement frequency and type of sample taken.
Step 9. Convert BOD-5 mg/l to pounds per day.
.381 X 8.34 X 26.7 = 84.8#
.561 X 8.34 X 21.6 =101.1#
1.66 X 8.34 X 20.5 = 283.8#
.455 X 8.34 X 9.3 = -4-35.3#
505 r 4 = 126.25 avg. pounds
Step io. Select highest BOD-5 pounds and enter. 283.8#
Step 11. Did the average or maximum result exceed permitted value?
Enter "O" if BOD-5 pounds is equal or less than permitted
value. Enter nlw if average exceeded permitted value.
If daily maximum permitted value was exceeded once during
month, enter "l".
Step 12. Add the TSS daily or weekly tests results and divide by
the number of sample days in the month to obtain the
monthly average. If one test was performed that month,
enter result.
Step 13. Enter the highest TSS daily test result for your reported
daily maximum. If one test was performed that month,
enter the same result as the average TSS.
Step 14. Did the average or maximum result exceed the permitted
value? Enter "0" if TSS is equal or less than permitted
value. If daily permitted value was exceeded during the
month, enter the total number of exceedances (N.E.).
Step 8. Enter measurement frequency and type of sample taken.
-------
step 15. Convert TSS mg/1 to pounds per day
.381 x 8.34 X 12.3 = 39.1#
.561 x 8.34 X 8.3 = 38.8#
1.66 X 8.34 X 61 = 844.5#
.455 X 8.34 X 15.3 = +58.1#
980.5 t 4 = 24 5.1# avg. pounds
Step 16. select highest TSS pounds and enter. 844.5#
Step 17. Did the average or maximum result exceed permitted value?
Enter n0n if TSS pounds is equal or less than permitted
value. If daily maximum permitted value was exceeded
during the month, enter the total number of exceedances
(N.E.).
Step 18. Add TKN daily or weekly test results and divide by the
number of sample days in the month to obtain the monthly
average. If one test was performed that month, enter
result.
Step 19. Enter the highest TKN daily test result for your reported
daily maximum. If one test was performed that month, enter
the same result as the average TKN.
Step 20. Did the average or maximum result exceed the permitted
value? Enter "0" if TKN is equal or less than permitted
value. If daily maximum permitted value was exceeded
during the month, enter the total number of exceedances
(N.E.).
Step 8. Enter measurement frequency and type of sample taken.
Step 21. Convert TKN mg/1 to pounds per day.
.381 X 6.34 X 8.7 = 27.6#
.561 x 8.34 X 16 = 74.9#
1.66 X 8.34 x 14.6 = 202.1#
.455 X 8.34 X 16.9 = +64.1#
368.7 t 4 = 92.2# avg. pounds
Step 22. Select highest TKN pounds and enter. 202.#1
Step 23. Did the average or maximum result exceed the permitted
value? Enter "0" if TKN pounds is equal or less than
permitted value. If daily maximum permitted value was
exceeded during the month, enter the total number of
exceedances (N.E.).
Step 24. Enter lowest pH value on monthly DMR.
Step 25. Enter highest pH value on monthly DMR.
Step 26. If lowest pH was higher than minimum permitted value,
enter n0" under the N.E. (number of exceedances) column.
If lowest pH was lower than minimum permitted value, enter
"1". If highest pH was lower than maximum permitted
value, enter "O". If the highest pH reported.was higher
than the maximum permitted value, enter "l".
Step 8. Enter measurement frequency and type of sample taken.
Step 27. circle test procedure used for fecal coliform test.
Step 28. Procedure for calculating geometric mean for fecal
coliform. 32 x 110 x 410 x 120 = 173,184,000
Hit square root button on calculator twice
114.7 colonies/100 ml, enter. 1
Step 29. Select highest fecal coliform test result for the month
which is 410 colonies/100 ml and enter under maximum daily.
-------
Step 30. If geometric mean is equal or less than permitted vaiue,
enter "0" under N.E. (number of exceedances) column.
If geometric mean is higher than permitted value, enter
"1". If the maximum daily fecal coliform count is less
than permitted value, enter "O". If daily maximum was
exceeded, enter the total number of exceedances (N.E.).
Step 8. Enter measurement frequency and type of sample taken.
Step 31. Type or print name of mayor, chairman, or owner.
Step 32. Title of principal (mayor, chairman, owner).
Step 33. Date of report completed.
Step 34. Name of authorized person filling out report and
signature.
Step 35. Title of authorized person filling out report.
-------
STATEMENT OF POLICY REGARDING THE EQUAL OPPORTUNITY TO
USE AND PARTICIPATE IN PROGRAMS
It is the policy of the Department of Natural Resources
to provide its facilities, accommodations, services and
program to all persons without regard to sex, race,
color, acre, religion, national origin, or handicap.
Proper licenses/registration and compliance with
official rules and regulations are the only sources of
restrictions for facility use or program participation.
Complaints should be directed to: Director, WV
Department of Natural Resources, Capitol Complex,
Charleston, WV 25305.
The Department of Natural Resources is an equal-
opportunity employer.
-------
r.w;
Pevis»
-89
NATIONAL POLLUTANT DI,
DISCHARGE MC.
3E ELIMINATION SYSTEM
jRING REPORT
FACILITY NAME Acme Sewage Treatment Plant
LOCATICN OF FACILITY' Somewhere, WV •
COMMERCIAL LABORATORY NAME Universal Laboratory
PEFMIT NUMBER WV0999999
OUTLET NO. 001
OCtWERClAL LABORATORY ADDRESS 601 Cubitainer St.
Manhole. WV
wasteload FOR MCNTH OF November 30
ig 90 (7) INDIVIDUAL PERFORMING ANALYSES John Smi th
Paramatar
^ Quantity
Othar Unlta
Sample
Typ«
Minimum
A*g. Monthly
Ma*. Dally
Units
M.C.
Minimum
l*g. Monthly
M»«. Daily
Unlu
N.E.
friqiiiflcv
Flow
50050
Raportad
N/A
N/A
N/A
.329
.562®
1.66
<3>
0
Continuou.
Measured
Parmlt
Limitation
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
.800
N/A
M6D
Continuou
Measured
BOD 5-Day
(20 Deg C)
00310
Raportad
N/A
CP
126.25
283J8
lbs/daj
N/A
19.5®
26.7®
8®
1/weekl/®
b nr. ($)
Composite
hrmll
Limitation
N/A
347.8
695.6
N/A
30
60
mg/i
1/weekly
8 hr.
Composite
Solids, Total
Suspended
00530
Raportad
N/A
245.1
84475
lbs/da
r..(U
Composite
Parmlt
Limitation
N/A
347.8
695.6
t
N/A
30
60
1/wpeklv
8. nr.
Composite
Nitrogen, Tot
Kjeldahl (As
00625
ll Raportad
J)
-N/A
op
92 Y
202^
lbs/da
<&>
0
N/A
(S>
14
7.4
V
Daily ®
-------
EXAMPLE DAI REPORT
Sewage Treatment Plants
HPDES Permit Ho.
A. Introduction
A Performance Audit Inspection (Data Audit Inspection) was
conducted at the. Sewage Treatment Plants on January
29, 1992. The facility, is located at Street,
The chemical analyses for the facility
are performed by Inc., located at ,
. This laboratory was
inspected on January 29, 1992. The City of has three
6ewage treatment plants located along the Ohio River, between
the northern and southern ends of the city. The facility was
represented by Plant Superintendent , Mayor
, and Councilman for Sewer and Hater,
The commercial laboratory was represented by
Vice President, Dr. , and The.
laboratory portion of this inspection was conducted by Joseph
Slayton, Senior Scientist/Technical Director, of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Central Regional Laboratory
(CRL), 839 Bestgate Road, Annapolis, Maryland 21401. The
Engineering portion of this inspection was conducted by
Daniel Donnelly, Deputy Director, CRL.
B. Data Audit
This inspection emphasized the review of self-monitoring
data. The self-monitoring data for July through December of
1991 was reviewed in detail. This portion of the inspection
was performed by both inspectors. Laboratory bench sheets
("raw data") were checked to verify the calculations,
concentration values, pH values, etc., reported by the
laboratory. It was verified that these values were correctly
transferred to the "NPDES Monthly Report" (summary sheet for
the entire month). In addition, the completion of the
Discharge Monitoring Report was verified by repeating all of
the necessary calculations, e.g., Minimum, Average Monthly
and Maximum Daily values (lbs./day, mg/L, counts/lOOml, and
pH-units).
C. Plant Operation
Only one of the three plants, Plant A, was visited during this
inspection, since the plants are all similar. The treatment
at the all of the plants included aerators, clarifiers, and
chlorinators. At the time of the visit, the clarifier in
Plant A had been down for about 2 weeks and the facility was
waiting for parts to get it back in operation. This meant
that there was no sludge settling or recycling. There was
heavy foaming in the aerator, but no foam was observed at the
discharge into the river. The superintendent told the
inspectors that the aerator was down at Plant B and that
Plant D was down'completely because a motor had stopped and
-------
before it could be repaired, the plant froze.
These plants are apparently down very frequently although no
records were being kept to track shut-downs. The WV DNR is
not always notified when one of the units is down. It was
indicated that the DNS had not been notified of the problems
that existed on the day of the inspection, because the local
DNR representative in the Wheeling office had been out sick
for some tine.
The normal practice during unit outages relies on
superchlorination; While this may reduce bacteriological
contamination and lower BOD, it also may interfere with the
BOD analysis because the facility is sampling at an improper
location.
D. Sampling and Flow Measurement
The permit calls for 6 hour conrposite samples once each
month. The facility's procedure is to collect 4 grab samples
over a 4 hour period and to composite them manually. This is
done so that samples can be delivered to the contract lab in
time to meet the holding time required for coliform
analysis.
Samples for B0D5 were being collected after chlorination.
The permit calls for collection prior to chlorination. Many
of the lab data sets indicated a substantial toxic effect for
BOD (the greater the"dilution, the greater the measured BOD).
Despite the fact that was regularly dechlorinating and
reseeding these samples, this toxicity could be due to high
chlorine during plant breakdowns. In addition, based on
their "rule of thumb*1, was reporting the lowest BOD
levels that met the BOD method criteria for acceptable
dilutions. The combination of these two factors, highly
chlorinated samples with a toxicity affect and laboratory's
dilution factor selection criteria, much of the BOD data
reported on the DMRs could be significantly low.
Samples are not refrigerated during the compositing period as
required by 40 CFR Part 136. The pH analysis is being done
at the contract lab instead of immediately after collection
as required.
The flow, mete jrs at plants A and B were reportedly in error
about 25% and 15%, respectively. They had been out of
service without being repaired for some time. The low
readings were taken daily from totalizers and there was no
chart record o£ actual flows.
Wi.th the aerator "down, samples for Plant A would have been
collected from a,combined sewer, about a block from the plant.
This could allow mixing of the effluent with other waters and
may not give an accurate indication of the effluent water quality.
-------
E. General Observation
During the review of the DMR data from the facility, some
possible anomalies were noted, sampling was done at Plant A
on 8/15/91. Results from this sampling seemed fairly
characteristic of what had been reported historically • and
with what might be ejected from a plant of this type.
Plants B and D were not sampled on this day, because they
were not fully operational*
Samples from plants B and D were received by on
8/21/91 and analyzed between that date and 9/9/91. Results
from this set of analyses were unlike what had been
reported historically and were not what would be expected
from a secondary sewage treatment plant. The Total Kjeldahl
Nitrogen, values for these samples (0.27 and 0.54 xng/1)- were
10 times lower than the next lowest values reported during
the months examined. The pK of the samples (6.12 and 6.01)
was 0.5 units below the next lowest value and 1 whole unit
below the routinely reported level. BOD, fecal coliform, and
total suspended solids were all below detection limits.
There had been other results reported as "less than detection
limit" for BOD samples exhibiting a toxic effect from
chlorine, but there was no evidence of a toxic effect for
these samples based on the data in the lab .notebooks at
These results would be much more characteristic of a
drinking water sample than a waste water sample.
The state DNR conducted a CSI at on 5/7/91. Results
were transmitted to EPA (Jon Hundertmark) on 6/13/91 with a
recommendation for legal action (copy attached). One finding
of this inspection was "inappropriate sample results
submitted on DMRs." The report states further that "Xn June
1990 Health Department results from swimming pool and
drinking water fecal samples were entered and submitted on
the DHR as sewage results." . In his response to DNR, Mayor
admitted that this had occurred.
F. DMRQA
The facility is a minor facility and as such is not included
in the yearly DMRQA survey. laboratory had performed .
TSS and BOD DMRQA analyses (DMRQA Study 11) fully successfully
for A QC sample for TKN was forwarded
to the commercial laboratory and pH sample was sent to the
facility. The results of these analyses will be forwarded as
soon as they are available.
-------
G. Analytical Methods ("APHA" refers to the 17th edition of
Standard Methods) and "EPA" refers to the 1979/83 Methods
£o£ CheffiAceg Analysis Water Wastewater.
Parameter
Method
Equipment
Fecal Coliform
PH
TSS
B0D5
Xjeldahl
Nitrogen
Membrane Filter,
APHA 9222D
Electrometric,
APHA 4500H
Blue MWaterbath,
Fisher Thermometer,
Traceable to MBS.
HACH Digital pH Meter
Glass fiber Gooch Crucibles,
filtration, APHA 2540-D Mettler A30 Balance.
Probe,
APHA 5210
Titrimetric,
APHA 4500-NH3 E
.YSI Model 54
Lab-Line incubator.
Fisher H2S04,
Brinkman E526 Titrator.
H. Quality Control Procedures (Commercial Laboratory):
The Laboratory is certified under SDWA to perform the
analyses of totail coliform bacteria. The laboratory is alBO
certified to perform chemical analyses for mine dischargers
and is "Interm Certified" for NPDES analyses by WV DNR. The
laboratory has an extensive QC program with numerous
procedures in place. A partial listing includes: written
SOPs; duplicate analyses (10%) and associated QC charts;
temperature logs for incubators and ovens; balance
calibration procedures (class "S" weights) and corresponding
logs; records of instrument calibrations; routine analysis of
QC samples; and analysis of G+G check standards for BOD.
I. Analytical Deficiencies
Procedures contrary to those specified by the 40 CFR Part
136, October 8, 1991 and required by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency:
Records:
1. Laboratory bench sheets have been prepared to simplify
data entry. However, the sheets for certain parameters have
changed, but the headings have not been updated. For the
bench sheet information to be accurate, the headings, etc.
must be updated to match the data being entered. All
laboratory bench sheets should be carefully reviewed.
2. All records must be in indelible ink. One of the DMRs
reviewed had been prepared in pencil.
-------
3. "White-out" was used. If an error occurs, a single line
1b to be drawn through the value and the date and initials of
the analyst are to be recorded. A footnote should be
included to explain the reason for the error.
4. The time of the compositing period (start and stop) must
be recorded and provided to the commercial laboratory.
5. Records of flow (continuous recording) must be maintained.
The chart must be dated and retained for three years.
The associated calibration records must also be. retained.
6. The number of violations (NE) should include the sum of
the number of times the Avg. Monthly and Maximum Daily values
exceeded the corresponding permit limits. If the the sample
value (once per month) exceeds both the Avg. Monthly and the
Maximum Daily requirements, then "2" should be reported for "NE".
7. "Too Numerous to Count" (TNTC) results were reported in
significant frequency. The laboratory must analyze more
dilutions to assure that TNTC results are routinely avoided.
[The associated DMR data should be flagged (footnoted) and the
State Authority notified in writing if the problem continues.]
8. The report to the facility from the commercial laboratory
mu6t include the date and time of analyses. This will enable
the facility to verify that the 40 CFR Part 136 holding times
were met.
Sampling:
9. Composite samples must be collected over a 8 hour period,
as specified in the permit.
10. Samples must be refrigerated during the compositing and
collection period.
11. The composite samples are to be flow proportioned.
12. Samples for B0D5 analysis must be collected prior to
chlorination ap specified in the permit.
13. Samples for permit parameters, other than BOD must be
taken prior to any possible mixing with storm water.
Flow:
14. Flow must be continuously measured as required by the
permit. This means that charts must be used to continuously
monitor flow rates. The flow meters on all plants must be
repaired and calibrated on a regular basis.
-------
pH
15. The time/date at which the pH analyses are performed
must be recorded. The NPDES permit specifies that
the "date, exact place, individuals involved, and time of
sampling or measurement11, must be recorded.
16. pH is to be determined "immediately" (40 CFR Part 136,
October 8, 1991). The permit specifies that pH is to be as a
grab sample and defines "grab sample" as an individual sample
collected in less than 15 minutes. The maximum time that a
pH measurement may be delayed is therefore 15 minutes. To
avoid aeration, which may affect pH, the sample should be
taken in a BOO bottle with a glass stopper seal. The bottles
should be 6lowly filled so as to avoid aeration and over
filled with 2-3'volumes.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
17. It is critically important to avoid any suggestion of
result "shopping" that the BOD concentrations be the average
of all "valid" dilutions. Such dilutions have a residual DO
of at least 1 mg/L and a DO uptake of at least 2 mg/L after 5
day incubation, p. 5-7, APHA.
18. A dilution water blank must be analyzed with each
set of samples.
19. The analytical method for BOD specifies that the residual
chlorine is to be determined and reduced. The volume of
sodium sulfite added must be recorded to document that this
critical step (de-chlorination) was performed.
20. The results from BOD dilutions, which have at least one
mg/L of dissolved oxygen remaining after the five day
incubation and also had a change in dissolved oxygen of at
least 2 mg/L should be used to determine the BOD (results
from such dilutions should be averaged).
21. It was noted that on several occasions, the greater the
degree of dilution, the larger the BOD result. As the
difference between th
-------
Fecal Coliform
23. The results from dilutions which result in 20-60
colonies per filter should be used to determine the fecal
coliforms/100 mL* The EPA Microbiological Manual explains
the calculations.
24. "TNTC" are to be reported as "greater than" values. The
EPA Microbiological Manual explains the calculations for such
occurrences. If "TNTC" occurs with significant frequency,
additional dilutions and/or sample volumes should be
filtered. {Associated results on the DMR are to be
flagged (footnoted) and the state Authority notified in
writing (letter) if the problem continues.].
25. An aliquot of the sample should be assayed to verify
that the sample has been de-chlorinated.
TKN
26. The samples pH mu6t be checked and recorded (test strips)
to document that they were acidified (at the completion of the
compositing period).
27. The equation specified by the method for the acidimetric
analysis must be employed. This equation compensates for the
actual concentration (Normality) of the titrant (determined
when the titrant is "calibrated"),
28. The digestion solution for TKN must include the
specified mercury catalyst. Unfortunately, this reagent
addition will result in mercury waste. The disposal of this
waste must comply with RCRA regulations.
I. Recommendations
General
The Benwood plants are all old and antiquated and they do not
have available enough spare parts to keep them in proper
operating condition. The City of could connect to
the WWTP, which has sewer lines running to within
three (3) blocks of the system. should "buy"
sewage capacity from , put in whatever pumping
facilities and sewer lines that are necessary and begin
sending sewage to as soon as possible.
Sampling
The sampling location at Plant A makes it very dangerous
arid difficult to collect a sample. A permanent sampling
platform should be constructed to provide safe access to the
designated sampling point. Similar problems should be
-------
addressed at Plants B and O.
The sampling analyses for pH should be performed immediately,
(no holding time). The facility should consider having the
commercial laboratory perform the sampling and the on-site
analysis of pH.
laboratory:
The laboratory should provide clients vith a summary (perhaps
a chart or table) of the many QC checks that are performed
and at what frequency* This should help to illustrate to
HFDES permittees the extent of the QC procedures that are
employed to help provide quality data.
The laboratory should contact , of the
, for the procedures the has in place for the
precipitation of mercury (reduces the volume and therefore
expense of disposal).
Aluminum foil or plastic coversr e.g. / BOD caps, should be
placed over the the tops of the condensers of the distillation
apparatus.
The laboratory should spike 10% of the samples for TKN.
A second analyst should routinely check the calculations and
transcriptions (self-monitoring data). The "checker" should
initial and date the results (indicating that the results are
acceptable) .
The laboratory should consider routinely using spreadsheet
type software to perform calculations.
The laboratory should consider the measurement of the initial
dissolve oxygen in all of the BOD bottles. The practice of
determining the initial concentration by calculation is a
carry over from a time when the only available method of
determining the oxygen concentration was "destructive". This
is no longer the case (polarographic electrodes) and if
Reasonable care is taken to rinse the probe with lab pure
water between readings, carry-over (cross-contamination) can
be avoided.
The laboratory should consider "seeding" directly into the
BOD bottles as. opposed to adding the seed material to the
dilution water carboy. This simplifies the calculations
(the same amount .of seed is added to each dilution and
therefore the seed correction is the same for each dilution
regardless of the amount of dilution water that is added
to a bottle). The practice of preparing sample dilutions
directly in the sample bottles should be continued.
-------
MS. and DFTPP Tuning:
Mass spectrophotometers (EPA Method 624, 625 and 1624 and
1625) are calibrated with reference standard material for
quantitation (see section "Calibration Records"). In
addition, the assignment of the ion masses ("mass
calibration") and their relative abundances ("mass tune")
must be established and if necessary adjusted. This is
usually accomplished in two steps. First, an organic
compound is bleed into, the ion source, e.g.,
perfluorotertbutyl amine (FC-43). FC-43 is a liquid at room
temperature and its vapors can be drawn into the instrument
and fragments into masses, which cover a wide range (35-619
AMU). Once the mass, assignments are set, these are confirmed
as well as the relative ion abundances by the injection of a
compound with a known target mass spectra. The "injection"
must employ the same method of entry into the gas
chromatograph as for samples. For volatile organics 50 ng of
4-bromofluorobenzene (BFB) are "purged and trapped" and for
the semivolatiles ("extractables")'50 ng of
decafluorotriphenyl phosphine (DFTPP) are injected (syringe).
The masses and the associated abundance (mass spectra)
criteria are delineated in the following tables.
The BFB or DFTPP analyses must be successfully performed
prior to any sample analyses. The Inspector should check
frttgtruinent logs foj: indication these analyses and then
verify that the results are routinely wtthin the listed
criteria.
Table 2.—BFB Key m/z Abundance Criteria
Mass
m/z Abundance criteria
50
15 to 40% of mass 95.
30 to 60% of mass 95.
Base Peak, 100% Relative
Abundance.
5 to 9% of mass 95.
<2% of mass 174.
>50% of mass 95.
5 to 9% of mass 174. ^
>95% but < 101% of mass
174.
5 to 9% of mass 176.
75
95... :
96
173 .....
174 ...
175
176
177
-------
Table 9.—DFTPP Key Masses and
Abundance Criteria
Mass
m/z Abundance criteria
51
30-60 percent of mass 198.
68
Less than 2 percent of mass 69.
70
Less than 2 percent of mass 69.
127
40-60 percent of mass 198.
197
.Ldss than 1 percent of mass 198.
198
Base peak, 100 percent relative abundance.
199
5-9 percent of mass 198.
275
10-30 percent of . mass 198.
365
Greater than 1 percent of mass 198.
441
Present but less than mass 443.
442
Greater than 40 percent of mass 198.
443
17-23 percent of mass 442.
-------
These examples and suggested reporting protocols are based on discussions with the
experts at EPAs EMSL-Cincinatti Laboratory and/or the ERA'S Microbiological Methods
For Monitoring the Environment. EPA-600/8-78-017 (1978).
1. For samples with one or more volumes with colony counts in the range of twenty
(20) to sixty (60) colonies the correct daily average calculation is as follows:
Arithmetically average only the samples with counts in the acceptable (20-60)
range:
Three increments (or volumes) of 50, 25 and 20 milliliters.
Colony counts of 59, 30 and 18 respectively.
Calculate colony count per 100 mLs. for each sample in the acceptable range (20-
60) only:
50 mis. = MOO x 591 = 118 colonies/100 mLs.
(50)
25 mis. = MOO x 301 =120 colonies/100 mLs.
(25)
Average the results together arithmetically:
(118 + 1201 = 119 colonies/100 mLs.
(2)
2. For samples with colony counts for all volumes less than twenty (20) and greater
then zero (0), the correct daily average calculation method is as follows:
Three sample increments or volumes of 50, 25 and 10 milliliters.
Colony counts of 19,10 and 4 respectively.
Select the most acceptable count-to avoid additional variability due to low counts.
This differs from 17th Edition of Standard Methods.
19 x 100 = 38 colonies/100 mLs estimated.
50
[Estimated because all counts are < 20]
The results are to be included In the monthly average without the "less-than
signs.
-------
For samples with all colony counts less than twenty (20) and one or more counts
of zero (0), the correct dally average calculation method is as follows:
Three Increments or volumes of 50,25 and 10 milliliters.
Colony counts of 19,10 and 0 respectively.
Select the most acceptable count to avoid additional variability due to low counts.
This differs from 17th Edition SM.
Colonies/100 ml = 19 x 100 = 38 Estimated.
50
[Estimated because all counts are < 20].
The results are to be Included In the monthly average without the "less-than"
signs.
Report count from smallest volume filtered for samples with all colony counts
greater then sixty (60) the correct daily average calculation method is as follows:
Three increments or volumes of 50, 25 and 10 milliliters.
Colony counts of 199,110 and 65 respectively.
Choose the smallest volume (in the example it would be ten(10) milliliters) and
calculate the dilution factor by dividing 100 by the sample size (10 mLs.) =
noo^ = 10, multiply the dilution factor
(10)
by the colony count for the sample (65) =
(10) x (65) = 650 and report the results as greater (>)
than the calculated value = (> 650 colonies/100 mis.).
When the number ol colonies exceeds 60 but are still countable (have not
grown together Into a mass of poorly defined colonies), "calculate count from
highest dilution and report as a > value" (Microbiological Methods For
Monitoring the Environment. EPA-600/B-78-017 (1978)). Otherwise (colonies
grown together) report as TNTC.
Greater than values are to be avoided by analyzing multiple dilutions. If such
results are being obtained at a frequency exceeding 2/month,the number of
dilutions routinely analyzed must be increased. The DMR data associated
-------
with such results Is to be flagged with a statement that includes the number
of occurrences of "greater-than" or "TNTC" and what corrective measures
have been performed to avoid such results In the future. In addition, such
results are to be Included In the monthly average (geometric mean) without
the "greater-than" sign.
For samples with all membranes uncountable [Too Numerous To Count (TNTC)],
the correct daily average calculation method is as follows:
Three increments or volumes of 50, 25 and 10 milliliters.
Colony counts for each sample uncountable.
Choose the smallest volume On the example it would be ten (10) milliliters) and
calculate the dilution factor by dividing 100 by the smallest sample size (10 mLs.)
(100^ = 10 (dilution factor), multiply the .
(10)
dilution factor by sixty (60) = 60 x 100 = > 600
"\
and report the results as greater (>) than the calculated value = ( > 600
colonies/100 mLs.).
When the number of colonies exceeds 60 but are still countable (have not
grown together Into a mass of poorly defined colonies) ."calculate count from
highest dilution and report as a > value" (Microbiological Methods For
Monitoring the Environment. EPA-600/8-78-0,17 (1978)). Otherwise (colonies
grown together) report as TNTC.
Greater than values are to be avoided by analyzing multiple dilutions. If such
results are being obtained at a frequency exceeding 2/month,the number of
dilutions routinely analyzed must be increased. The DMR data associated
with such results Is to be flagged with a statement that includes the number
of occurrences of "greater-than" or TNTC" and what corrective measures
have been performed to avoid such results In the future. In addition, such
results are to be included in the monthly average (geometric mean) without
the "greater-than" sign.
For samples with all colony counts of zero (0) the correct daily average calculation
method is as follows:
A. Three increments or volumes of 50, 25 and 10 milliliters.
-------
Colony counts of 0,0 and 0 respectively.
Choose the largest sample volume (in the example ft would be fifty (50)
milliters) and calculate the dilution factor by dividing 100 by the
sample size
(50 mis.) = (< 1 x f'UXft = <2 colonies/100 mLs,
(50)
and report the results as Ibss than(<) the calculated value
(< colonies/1 OQmls.)
B. For three Increments or volumes of 100 mLs, 50 mLs, 20 mLs
Colony counts of 0,0, and 0 respectively.
<1 x 100 and report <1 colonies/100 mLs.
100
The results are to be Included In the monthly average without the "iess-than"
signs.
7. For samples with one or more sample colony counts less than twenty (20) and one
or more colony counts greater than sixty (60) the correct dally average calculation
method is as follows:
Three increments or volumes of 5,10 and 100 milliliters
[It is warned that these are strange disproportionate sample volumes].
Colony counts of 3, 7 and 70 respectively.
Use the results closest to the target range (20-60)
Colonies/100 mLs = 70 x 100 = > 70 Estimated
100
{Estimated because all counts are outside of the idea! rangB].
When the number of colonies exceeds 60 but are still countable (have not
grown together Into a mass of poorly defined colonies), "calculate count from
highest dilution and report as a > value" (Microbiological Methods For
Monttorino the Environment. EPA-600/8-78-017 (1978)). Otherwise (colonies
grown together) report as TNTC.
-------
Greater than values areto be avoided by analyzing multiple dilutions. If such
results are being obtained at a frequency exceeding 2/month,the number o1
dilutions routinely analyzed must be increased. The DMR data associated
with such results Is to be flagged with a statement that includes the number
of occurrences of "greater-than" or TNTC and what corrective measures
have been performed to avoid such results in the future. In addition, such
results are to be included in the monthly average (geometric mean) without
the "greater-than" sign.
P. Sosinski, J. Slayton; rev. 5/93
------- |