CENTRAL MISSOURI RIVER
WATER QUALITY INVESTIGATION
1955
r~
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
MISSOURI DRAINAGE BASIN
AUGUST 1956

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CENTRAL MISSOURI RIVER WATER QUALITY INVESTIGATION
19 5 5
AUQUST 1956
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE
PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE
REGION VI
WATER SUPPLY AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL SECTION
KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI

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ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pftge
SUMMARY		1
FORECASTS					5
RECOMMENDATIONS		8
INTRODUCTION		- -		10
1955 Operations		 - - - — - - -	10
Acknowledgments	— - - - -		10
CLIMATOLOGICAL FEATURES 					12
PHYSICAL FEATURES	- -			13
Discharge - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -	13
Reservoir Operation - -- -- -- - - --	14
Temperature - -- -- -- -- -- -- --	H
Turbidity - - - — - -- -- -- -- --	1$
CHEMICAL FEATURES			17
Hydrogen Ion Concentration - — - -- --	17
Alkalinity		17
'Hanoearbonate 	 — -------	17
Bicarbonate - - — ---------	18
Total Alkalinity ------ - - - - -	18
Hardness		 — - - - - - - - - - - -	21
Oxygen - - - - - •- -	23
Nitrogen - - - - - - - - - - - - -- * -	24
Organic Nitrogen - - - - - - * . - - -	24
Amnionic Nitrogen - - - - - - - - - * ~	25
Nitrite Nitrogen - - - - - - - - -	26
Nitrate Nltrogett - - - - -------	27

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ill
Pafie
CHEMICAL IEATURES (Cont.)
Phosphorous	- - — - -- -- --	27
Discussion of Chemistry		 - - -	28
BIOLOGICAL FEATURES 		31
Phytoplankton		31
Qualitative Aspects - 			 — -	31
Quantitative Features - -- -- -- -	35
RESERVOIRS		40
THE NIOBRARA RIVER			44
TASTE AND ODOR OCCURRENCES		45
RESERVOIR INFLUENCES UPON WATER TREATMENT COSTS	48
APPENDIX	-	-	50
Text Figures and Tables
Figure 1 —	Following page	14
Table 6		 - - — - -- -- -- -- --	19
Table 9 							20
Table 16-------------------	37
Table 17		 	 - - - -	^0
Table IB — — — — — — — — «• — ^ — —. — —	41
Table 10a - - - .			 - - -----	41
Table 18b — — — —	42
Table 18
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SUMMARY
This report covers 1955 operations of a cooperative,
investigative program initiated in August 1952# The study has been
subsidized by the Missouri River Division Office, Corps of Engineers,
and has been conducted by the Water Supply and Water Pollution Con-
trol Section, Region VI, ,U. S. Public Health Service, in cooperation
with the Missouri River Division, Corps of Engineers, and State
Health Departments of Iowa, Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota,
and waterworks personnel at Council Bluffs, Iowa} Omaha, Nebraska}
Yankton, Chamberlain, and Mobridge, South Dakota) and Mandan,
Bismarck, and Williston, North Dakota.
Reservoir operation permitted a 36.29-foot increase in
elevation of Garrison Reservoir and a 1.2-foot drop in level of Ft.
Randall Reservoir. River discharges were largely regulated by res-
ervoir releases, and available capacity ironed out peak discharges
during seasons of greatest runoff.
Discharge and turbidity relationships remained as described
in previous reports, but average annual turbidities were in most
instances lover than those of former years. Examination of water
plant records in lower river reaches disclosed that reservoirs had
produced clear-cut turbidity reductions all the way to the Mississippi.
Temperature rises and declines were slowed by impounded
., •
water; and warming effects of cooling water discharges Were evident
at one water intake.
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2
Chemical features again varied with seasonal changes; but
reservoirs made a considerable impression upon natural river trenda
in this respect, slowing appearance of seasonal low hardnesB concen-
trations by three months. Ft. Randall Reservoir again decreased
hardness and alkalinity concentration of impounded water, but soil
leaching augmented alkalinity and hardness in water passing through
Garrison Reservoir. Oxygen supersaturation again resulted from air
draft to reservoir flood control release tunnels, but supersatura-
tions due to photosynthesis were either quite rare or poorly repre-
sented by the sampling schedule.
Organic nitrogen concentration was greater than recorded in
previous years, and nitrite nitrogen made its first appearance in
areas unaffected by pollution. These changes bespeak possible
greater nitrogen concentration from water by micro-organisms, and
changes in some aspects of nitrogen utilization. Factors associated
with nitrite production could not be evaluated within the limitations
of established procedures. Concentration of phosphorous compounds
closely approached that of previous years, although phosphate con-
tributed by pollution occurred more conoonly in the vicinity of Omaha.
Phytoplankton development in individual reservoirs exhibited
fewer differences in composition than in 1954J «nd one population
originating in Garrison Reservoir eventually spread to Ft. Randall
Reservoir and to all sampled river teaches. Hie total annual crop
was greater In Ft. Randall, but each reservoir discharged plankton
concentrations at times high enough to necessitate modifications in
water treatment for suppression of tastes and odors. Special
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3
procedure for taste and odor control were required at Yankton,
Chamberlain, Mandan, and Bismarck. Advance notice of impending al-
gal increases permitted water plant operators to institute control
measures prior to taste and odor development.
Algal densities in critical ranges for taste and odor
development are expected to be an annual feature in water supplies
taken from the J&ssouri River at Mandan, Bismarok, Chamberlain, and
Yankton. Public water supplies at Mobridge are apt to be similarly
affected in the near future, and a much lesser probability exists
for Omaha and Cornell Bluffs.
The investigation appears to have rather definitely estab-
lished various modifications of chemical water quality, and causes
therefor, that may be expected to result from varied aspeots of
reservoir operation.
Reservoirs are expected to continue production of plankton
crops large enough to occasion taste and odor difficulties in water
supplies, although it is possible that such crops may sometimes ba
withheld from reservoir releases by thermal stratification. Possi-
bilities exist for river reaches to develop critical plankton
populatione independently of reaervoirs.
The investigation should be carried on in ita present form
through Fiscal Year 1957 and may then be modified until reservoir
elevations more closely approach the general levels to be maintained
with planned integrated operation, after which, study should be in-
tensified for about two years. During the interim period, a plank-
ton surveillance should be maintained in critical river reaches to
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A
furnish water operators advance notice of algal increases necessitating
special action; and continuity of chemical records should be assured
by arrangements on a negotiated contract basis vith State Health
Department laboratories and waterworks personnel.
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FORECASTS
5
Review of predictions made In 1954 and the extent of their
realization in 1955, again appears appropriate before mention of
those future developments that appear likely from analysis of 1955
events.
Hardness and alkalinity reduction resulting from factors
other than dilution during seasons of heavy runoff was predicted to
oontinue} although reversals were considered likely from soil leach-
ing in impoundment areas. Iheae estimates turned out to be quite
descriptive of 1955 conditions. Ft. Randall Reservoir continued
demineralizing trends, whereas Garrison increased hardnesB and alk*»
linity by the soil-leaching process.
Reservoir stratification was not expected during open water
seasons in 1955 and 1956, and it was absent in 1955. Similar
alterations of natural river trends in mineral content variation
were expected of each reservoir, and each delayed appearance of
annual low-mineral concentrations.
The reservoirs differed considerably in plankton composition,
density, and seasons of greatest growth in 1954. Recognition was
given the fact that each reservoir might continue along its own
course in these respects; yet reservoirs were not expected to differ
greatly on an annual basis, as typical Missouri River forms would
eventually achieve dominant positions in each. Greater similarity
was evident in 1955. Periods of active growth in each reservoir
were not as widely separated as in 195*4} dominant plankton composition
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6
was frequently the same in each; and a bloom beginning in Garrison
Reservoir apparently initiated a growth of the same dominant organism
in Ft. Randall.
Taste and odor problems associated with algal growths vera
envisioned for public water supplies at Mandan, Bismarck, Mobridge,
Chamberlain, and Yankton. Mobridge Was considered to have a leas
critical position than the other four in thia regard, and did not
develop taste and odor problem in 1955. Each of the four other water
plants experienced difficulties.
Predictions of future occurrences at this time, as with thoae
made in the past, must bo qualified with respect to several poaBible
eventualities. As 1955 developments rather olosely followed their
expected course, it appears that most probable reservoir influences
upon mineral content of water have been anticipated! and future pre-
dictions along that line »°y "Pi1®" unnecessary since various reser-
voir operational procedures have been considered. Before leaving
this subject, however, it epP6*1* advisable to mention that hardneaa
and alkalinity increases be a*P«oted from water level riae and
thermal stratification, whereas operation promoting uniformity of
depth should generally l°wer concentration of these minerals.
Various factors influer*°ing plankton growth during early
stages of reservoir operatic11 have been taken into account within
the limitations of thia i»*e8ti6ation. The two reservoirs may not
be expected to consistently agree or differ in various aspeota of.
plankton development, vfciob ia influenced by both general and local
river and climatologioal conditions. However, each reservoir has
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7
demonstrated the ability to produce plankton crops that will occasion
taste and odor problems in domestic water supplies} and this charac-
teristic of each may be expected each year although veil-defined
thermal stratification, which appears likely to develop in later
years, may prevent discharge of some algal crops to the river below
daios.
Unlmpounded river reaches have initiated their own plankton
growths at several localities. So far, most taste and odor problems
have been associated with algal crops developed In reservoirs; but
future conditions related to thermal stratification may result in
problems produced Independently of growths in the lakes.
Domestic water supplies taken from the river at Mandan,
Bismarck, Chamberlain, and Yankton should continue to be affected
by undesirable aspects of algal growths. Mabrldge is likely to
encounter such difficulties In the near future, and will eventually
have to contend with plankton growths in Oahe Reservoir. Willis ton,
North Dakota, may possibly experience problems during those rare
oocasions when Garrison Reservoir extends up to that locality.
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recommendations
8
It now appears that an additional year of study will ditolose
the majority of Missouri River water quality modifications to be
expected of reservoirs during initial filling phases. At the begin-
ning of this investigation, it appeared that at least one reservoir
would soon reach depths comparable to those envisioned far future
integrated operation; but adverse cliaatologioal conditions and other
factors have postponed realization of this oondition beyond the next
few years. It, therefore, seems logical to modify the Investigation
in its present .form at the end of Fisoal Year 1957, or as soon
thereafter as funds allotted to this type cf study are exhausted, and
intensify it at a later date when reservoir elevations more closely
approach the general levels to be maintained with integrated operation.
Studies to date have afforded data for quite accurate predic-
tions of phenomena associated with filling processes, and a consider-
able backlog of information that will apply vhen the impoundments
are filled. However, it is not possible to Ignore variable effects
of filling procedures with regard to prediction of developments to
be expected with the completed reservoir system. Studies covering a
two-year period at that time should allow essential filling of gap*
in the present array of data, providing thereby informtion foar
long-range prediction of water quality relationships within desirable
ranges of accuracy.
Advance notioes of algal Increases to troublesome levels have
been of value to water plant operators j and continuance of an
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9
surveillance In critical stretches of the river during the interim
period appears highly desirable. Maintenance of a current knowledge
of algal densities nay be accomplished by centralised analysis of
samples collected and shipped by cooperating personnel, with infrequent
inspection trips.
Continuity of chemical reoords at selected localities should
be maintained over the next few years. Arrangements may be made for
collection and analysis of *ang>les on a negotiated contract basis
with State Health Department laboratories and Waterworks personnel.
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INTRODUCTION
10
This progress report concerns 1955 operations of the Central
Missouri River Mater Quality Investigation initiated in 1952, Earlier
phases of the study (August 1952 - December 1953 and 1954) have been
described in previous reports issued in April 1954 and August 1955.
1955 Operations
During this year the study proceeded mainly along lines
established in 1954* vith sampling at the sane stations and the con-
tinned assistance of the cooperating agencies listed in the 1954
report. Gavins Point closure vas effected in early August, but consid-
eration of effects of that reservoir during its initial operation was
limited to samples below Ft. Randall Dam and at Yankton.
Acknowledgments
The Missouri River Division, Corps of Engineers, contributed
financial assistance, furnished information on reservoir operation
and oth*r phases, assisted in the sampling program, and provided
drafting and reproduction services. North Dakota and South Dakota
State Health Department laboratories performed total hardness, total
phosphorous, organic nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen analyses. The
South Dakota State Department of Health collected samples at Pierre.
Cooperating waterworks personnel were: F. B. Jensen and M. E. Raw,
Council Bluffs, Iowa) F. B. Lasell and Joseph Erdei, Omaha, Nebraska;
R, N. Whiting, Erwin Hirsohman, and William Wallner, Yankton, 8outh
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11
Dakota) A. J. Campbell and Forest Seely, Chamberlain, South Dakota}
Don We aael, Mabridge, South Dakota} William legen, Bismarck, North
Dakota; fiobert Shaw and Bevan Sbav, Mandaa, North Dakota} and Jama
Ridge, Williaton, North Dakota.
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CLIMATOLOGICAL FEATURES
12
Temperature and precipitation departures from normal on a
monthly and annual basis appear in Table 1, Appendix. Precipitation
was below normal in all states except Montana. The year was slightly
warmer than normal in Iowa and Nebraska, normal in South Dakota, and
colder than usual in tfyoming, Montana, and North Dakota. Montana
was the coldest and wettest area contributing runoff to the Central
Missouri River, and Iowa and Nebraska experienced the warmest, driest
weather. Deficient runoff from Iowa was partly responsible for
lowered turbidity in the river at Omaha; and lesser amounts of inflow
from some lower tributaries were in a measure the cause of more marked
reservoir influences that will be described in following sections.
Worth Dakota river reaches and Garrison Reservoir were frozen
prior to January 1, 1955. Ihe river froze at Pierre and Chamberlain
on January 3 and 4, respectively, hit ice cover was delayed until
January 22 at Yankton. Ft. Randall became completely frozen on
January 27. Omaha never advanced beyond the heavy floating ioe atage.
Ice breakup was in early April in North Dakota river reaches,
in mid-April on Garrison Reservoir, and fron March 12 to April 2 from
south to north in South Dakota. In the winter of 1955-56, ioe cover
extended down to Pierre by November 18. Ft, Randall Reservoir and
Yankton remain®*1 unfrozen until December 10.
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PHYSICAL FEATURES
13
Discharge
River discharge below Garrison Dam was largely regulated by-
reservoir releases (Table 2, Appendix). Garrison releases were in-
fluential down to Ft. Randall Reservoir, and ft. Randall discharges
were mainly responsible for river volumes at Omaha. Gavins Point
Dam closure was effected in early August, and it retained 210,200
acre feet of water between August and December 31. This quantity,
however, accounted for only part of. the accretion between it. Randall
and Yankton (Table 2) and did little to impair ft. Randall influences
in downstream reaches.
Water from souroee other than reservoir releases had little
effect in the Missouri between Garrison Dam and Omaha. Maximum
discharges occurred above Garrison Reservoir. Inflow into Garrison
exceeded releases except during the months of Hay, September, and
November. Ft. Peck releases were augmented to assist filling of
Garrison during the period June to Ootober. Accretion below Ft.
Randall Sam was evident at Yankton (mainly from the Niobrara) and
at Omaha.
Maximum discharge recorded was 65,000 cfs entering Garrison
Reservoir on July 1* Highest daily discharge at Omaha was 38,000 ofs
on July 11 and 12. From these figures it is evident that reservoirs
leveled off peak discharges, as Omaha's maximum' in 1955 was about
one-half of its greatest 1954 discharge.
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H
Reservoir Operation
Total monthly inflow and discharge, and average monthly pool
elevations, for Garrison, Ft. Randall, and Gavins Point Reservoirs
appear in Figure 1.
Water level rose 36.29 feet in Garrison during the year. A
continuous increase occurred over the first 7 months, but the surface
remained near its August elevation for the remainder of the year.
Fool elevation moved up and down between 1,332 and 1,342.5 feet Ml
in Ft. Randall Reservoir, and its height on December 31 was 1.2 feet
below the level of January 1. Lowest stages occurred in May, flop
tember, and October. Elevation of the Gavins Point pool varied within
a narrow range during the first 4 months' operation, but showed marked
increase in December.
As is evident in Figure 1 and Table 2, Appendix, operation
during 1955 had filling of Garrison Reservoir as one of Its major
objectives. Stepped-up release from Ft, Peok Reservoir assisted in
this process froa June through October. Discharges from Garrison
wore insufficient to permit Ft. Randall to hold its level, but losses
from the latter reservoir were not excessive. Gavins F&int served
largely as a flow-through reservoir until December. Releases fro*
Ft. Randall were ¦harply reduced to faoilitate closure of Gavins
Point Dam in early August.
Temperature
Temperature variation (Table 5, Appendix) was not unusual
when the degree* °f latitude covered by the spread of sampling stations
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2.25
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1.75
1.50
1.25
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0.7 5
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2.25
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1.75
1.50
125
1.00
0.75
0.5
026
0.00
2.25
2.00
1.75
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
TOTAL MONTHLY INFLOW-
TOT/!

RE
L MONTI
LEAS
TOJAl M )NTh
GARRISON RESERVOIR
" 1955 OPERATION
	
LY
AVE
FT. RAN
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EL
EVA" ION--i
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RESERVOIR
1955 OPERATION
r0TA_ MONTf LY f ELE
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febImariapr
E. ELEVATIO
LY MFLOW-
\SE
GAVNS POIN
RESERVOIR
m
JUN

auqIsep
OCT
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1760 jit
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1750
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15
are considered. Water temperature maximums occurred at Omaha, and
there was a general upstream decrease in monthly maximums and aver-
ages . Reservoirs slowed temperature rise in spring and delayed Its
decline in autumn. Their effects in this regard resulted from
resistance to temperature dhange inherent in large bodies of wateor,
which, with this system of reservoirs at least, is aided by reduced
turbidity and restrictions in the exposed area per volume relation-
ship. Temperature relations between reservoirs, their inflows, and
downstreaai stations are evident in the table and merit no discussion
here. The extant of Garrison influences in the fall is masked by
laok of October records. Omaha and Council Bluffe appeared to be
below the area of narked influence from Ft. Randall Reservoir. Above
normal winter temperatures at Mandan wore due to return of cooling
water fron a steam paver plant shortly upstream, these discharges
maintained opail water along the west bank.
Turbidity
Average monthly and annual turbidities it routine sampling
points and Bismarck (Table 3, Appendix) show great uniformity of
reservoir discharges and, at mostr stations, annual average below
thosi rioorded $n	Reduced turbidities at Yankton and Omaha
were probably influenced to some degree by impoundment of tiavins
Point Reservoirj however, such influences were restricted to a period
when rfirer turbidity was-neur its annual low,and this reservoir may
have more pronounced effects when its operation extends eve* ill
seasons. At Chamberlain and Pierre, turbidity exceeded 1954 levels.
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It
Maximums at Qiamberlain occurred when water levels declined in Ft.
Randall Reservoir and silt that had been precipitated la the upper
end was stirred up by water action. Coincidence of high turbidity
and low water levels may be noted by reference to figure 1. lite
increase at Pierre cannot be fully explained at this time, but it
appears likely that construction activities at Qehe Ban were in-
volved. Bismarck, showed a reduction over 1954 levels.
Turbidity taaxLcmaa ware Eetv-arally balnw taoes -aactariag it
1954. At Omaha, where turbidity almost reached 10,000 pp® upon occa-
sions in 1954, tne 195$ ttaximum was around 2,000, Chamberlain was an
exception with regard to maximum as veil aB to average turbidity.
To gain information concerning reservoir eff«ota ig>on turhidity
in reaches downstream from Omaha, water plant records ever the last
several years were obtained} and annual averages at various river-nils
locations are shown in Table 4, Appendix. These data leave little
doubt that turbidity reductions extended all the way to the Missis-
sippi. Another feature indicated by this table, and also by Table 3,
Appendix, for Omaha and Council Bluffs, is that turbidity can vary
Markedly between nearby points, it St. Louis City and St. IduIb County
water plants the difference in turbidity was more marked in post-
impoundment than in preimpoundment years. Variation between Kansas
City, Kansas, and Kansas City, Missouri, was not vary great. Intake
locations appear responsible for differences between Omaha and Council
Bluffs. The Omaha intake is thrust against the main path of the flow,
while that at Council Bluffs draws from slower currents near the
bank.
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CHEMICAL FEATURES
17
Hydrogen Ion Concentration
Average monthly pH values (Table 5» Appendix) show that the
general range for the river was again above 8.0. The average monthly
mean was 8.2 at all stations, except Council Bluffs, Bismarck, and
above Garrison Reservoir, where it was 8.1. Only at Bismarck did
monthly averages decline below 8.0; and, as in previous years, pH
decline there occurred during warm water seasons (June - September)
when organic decomposition affected the local stretch of river.
Maximum pH recorded was 8.5 at Council Bluffs in November
and at Bismarck in April. The lowest pH (7.6) occurred at Bismarck
in December. On a monthly basis, hydrogen ion concentration was
quite resistant to fluctuation induced by alkalinity variation, and
consequently was little affected by phytoplankton influences upon
monocarbonate levels.
Alkalinity
Monocarbonate
Fhenolphthalein alkalinity was generally present at all
stations subjeot to that analysis, and in most instances-its higher
concentrations were associated with plankton populations in the upper
density ranges (Tables 5, Appendix, and 19, Appendix). In Garrison
Reservoir it appears that monqcarbonate was augmented by leaching of
the reservoir floor, although photosynthesis was involved in increases
occurring during the first 4 months. Manocarbonates decreased in the
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la
river at Mandan, bat showed an elevation at Mobridge that result ad
chiefly from plankton development In April.
ft. Randall Reservoir had a higher monocarbonate concentration
than its discharge—an expected condition by virtue of greater plank~
ton densities in surface water and aoid production in the dq>ths,
Yankton exhibited a alight annual increase over Ft. Randall discharge*,
probably from impoundment of Gavins Point Reservoir.
1955 results indicate that reservoirs inoreased phaoolphthalein
alkalinity (aanooarbonata) levels. Such inoreaaea arose tram the
opportunity afforded photosynthetio organisns by olw-ifipstion, and
initial leaching of eoluable carbonates*
Concentration of bicarbonate alkalinity increased slightly la
Garrison Reservoir, but declined in Ft. Randall (Table 5, Appendix).
Ft. Randall influences along this line were augmented by inflow of th«
Niobrara River, which provided a lower annual concentration at Yankton
despite increases attributable to rise of water level in Gavins Point
Reservoir in September, November, and December. Xnoraasea arising in
Garrison Reservoir evidently affected the river down to Chamber lain.
Bicarbonate was somewhat more concentrated in reservoir releases than
in surface waters, indicating some carbonic aoid production in deeper
waters in the absen°® of stratification.
rfb^al	con
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19
behavior of bicarbonate alkalinity (Table 5, Appendix), Gavins Point
Reservoir effected increases at Yankton as its water level rose in
September, November, and December. Niobrara River influences were
still operative in lowering the average annual concentration at
Yankton.
Computation of alkalinity loads deposited onto, or leached
from, reservoir floors (Garrison and Ft. Randall) according to the
method developed for the 1954 report, gives the values appearing in
Table 6, Appendix. Ft, Randall continued the trend of alkalinity
precipitation noted in 1953 and 1954, removing approximately 119x10^
pounds from inflowing water during 1955* Garrison, on the other hand,
leached around 206x10^ pounds from lis floor during the same period*
Due to the infrequent of reservoir records, accuracy of these com-
putations is considered precise enough to indicate only the trend of
events. Alkalinity loads based upon annual totals of inflowing,
outflowing, and retained volumes of water and average annual alkalin-
ity concentrations in eaoh, appear in Table 6.
Table 6. Alkalinity lUoads f^ottfrK <21 J&S3 M Ms MfiASg
Reservoir^. . Values are Pound s-Per-Year x 1(P
Garrison
Ft. Randall
4.	Sum of 2 and 3
5.	1 Minus 4
1.	Inflow
2.	Outflow
3* Retained
7,431,203
6,264,843
1,630,615
7,895,458
-464,255
6*358,599
%#0©1,548
155,829
6,157,377
201,222
6. Jt Gain or lous
6.2% Gain
3.2^ Loss
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ao
When percentage loss or gain is baaed upon the annual monthly
accumulative totals shown in Table 8, Appendix, Garrison shows a
3.3 percent gain and Ft. Randall a 2 peroent loss in alkalinity of
impounded water. Monthly loads are based upon a limited number of
analyses, and individually are not considered truly representative.
Therefore, the actual percentage gain cr loss is not accurately shown
by either method of computation. All analyses and computations indi-
cate that alkalinity waa augmented fay storage in Garrison and reduced
by retention 1a Ft. Randall. In the absenoe of daily records, actual
quantities can be only provisionally depleted.
Table 9. jvgagg Tgtal	S2&	.(flPgl
Station
Alkalinity
Hardness
1953 _
19H.
Jffl
1?»
1?H
i??5
Above Garrison Reservoir

169*
150

246*
221
Below Garrison Dam

158*
160

216*
235
Bismarck#
160
158
166
224.
211
229
Pierre



268
231
246
Chamberlain
157
154
158
271
247
2^8
Below ft. Randall Dam
H7
144
153
259
240
236
Yankton
150
145
W
264
238
232
Omaha#

172
170
261
241
247
PaihijiI 1 RlltffflJ


161


234
*	July - Deo caber Records
#	Water Department Daily Records
Alkalinity concentration in 1955 generally exceeded 1954 levels
«t stations below Garriaon Da* (Table 9), It tpp^ri th*t qy§ntiUet
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21
entering solution from soils inundated in that reservoir were largely
responsible for the concentration increases. Reduction in Ft. Bandall
Reservoir was to a less degree, 5 ppm as contrasted with 10 ppm during
previous years. Yankton exhibited an increase over 1954# but Omaha
showed no significant difference.
Weighted average annual alkalinity concentration (based on
summations of monthly loads and discharges) was 146 ppm above Garrison
Reservoir (no records in January and October), 153 ppm below Garrison
Dam (no October records),. 161 ppm at Bismarck, 148 ppm at Chamberlain
(no November records), 1J2 ppm below Ft. Randall Dam, 146 ppm at
Yankton, and 168 ppm at Omaha. With allowance for months of no analy-
ses, weighted concentrations indicate the same sequence of events
shown by single annual averages.
Hardness
The story of l^argnpss during 1955 was essentially as has been
described for alkalinity—rnamely, it increased in Garrison Reservoir,
declined in Ft. Randall, decreased again at Yanktqn, and increased at
Onaha (Tables 5, Appendix, and 9). This similarity indicates that
reservoir influences chiefly concerned carbonate hardness. Coaptation
of hardness deposited onto,,or picked up from, reservoir floors
(Table 7, Appendix) showed a deposit of about 270x10^ pounds in Ft.
Randall and approximately 103x10° pounds brought into solution from
inundated soils in Garrison. On the basis of annual average concen-
tration times total yearly volumes of water, Garrison exhibited a
i
6.1percent increase in hardness, while Ft. Randall showed a 4*8 percent
-------
22
removal. When based upon monthly accumulative totals (Table 7,
Appendix), Garrison increase was only 1.1 percent and Ft. Randall
loss, 3.0 percent. As indicated for alkalinity, neither annual nor
monthly average concentrations are considered truly representative,
and actual percentages involved are not indicated by either value*
Comparison of 1955 annual concentrations with other years of
record (Table 9) shows an increase over 1954 at all stations from
Garrison Reservoir to Chamberlain, lower 1955 values below Ft. Randall
Dam and at Yankton, and a slight Increase in 1955 at Obaha.
Seasonal hardness lows have been observed following the "Juna
rise" each year since the beginning of this investigation. In 1953,
the annual minimum concentration occurred in July and August at all
stations (Pierre to Ctaaha). In 1954# annual low oonoentrations ap-
peared at Pierre and Chamberlain in July and August, but ware delayed
about one Btonth in flow through Ft. Randall Reservoir, extending
througji the dam and down to Yankton and Omaha in Auguat and September,
In 1955, the	low was evident during June and July above Garri-
son Reservoir, but did not appear in reservoir releases until Auguat
and Septamber. Pierre and Chamberlain experienced low concentrations
during the same two months, and flow through Ft. Randall Reservoir
delayed annual low concentrations at Omaha until October and Movembw,
From tha above account it la evident that in 1955 reservoirs
exerted considerably more effect upon native river patterns of mineral
content fluctuation than during former years. The major influence waa
exerted by storage in Garrison Reservoir, in'Vhioh volumes or stored
vatar were markedly augmented in June and July* ^t» Randall Reservoir
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23
gained slightly in volume of Btorage water in June and July, but lost
elevation in August and September. Greater buildup in volumes of
stored water in each reservoir should result in greater alteration
of the native river pattern of seasonal hardness variation.
Water operators at Chamberlain, South Dakota, olaim that
hardness varies at that point, in Ft. Randall Reservoir headwaters,
with direction of the wind—downstream air movement a inducing greater
hardness, and upstream winds affording reductions.
Examination of hardness reoords at major water plants down-
stream from Council Bluffs has shown no such marked trends aa
exhibited by turbidity following reservoir impoundment. Hardness
records have been abdified by changes in analytical procedures, and
a few more years wi-ll'-fce required for justifiable comparison of
post-reservoir and older data*
Oxygen
Oxygen otSnoentTation was markedly* influenced by air draft-to
flood controltunnels drain|f £eriods of their -operation. Average
valuesabove 100 peroent saturation (Table 10, Appendix) were evident
every month exeqpt March below Garrison Dam, and during the period
April - July below'Ft. Randall. As desoribed in the 1954 report,
supersaturation so occasioned persists farlaife a *fi«»miles balctw each
dim*
ffte Mcttiroire never eihibited »up«riaturaticm ovflr a ftonthly
period, lilt sitptoHMittfitid o^etotratfbn^n«e^i iioted in 'fclfchduriig
M»y. S^Bat^aticm of reservoir su^faQel tfaiuitt- ohly from algal
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24
photosynthesis, and high algal densities were evident in each
reservoir that month. At river stations other than just below duns,
supersatur&tion vaa observed only at Mobridge during a high-plankton
concentration In April. In 1954* supersaturation occurred at Y«nirfrtm
and Chamberlain, and was the prevailing condition In Ft. Randall
Reservoir from January through August.
Nitrogen
Organic Nitrogen
Variation In average monthly concentration ranged from 0.04 -
2,76 ppm (Table 11* Appendix). Periods of upper-range concentration
(1.0 or above) varied with looality.. In South Dakota reaches, seasonal
differences were lata marked than at North Dakota stations. Most m
sonal variation and greatest concentrations Matured above Garrison
Reservoir; and the lowest monthly average, within it. Upper ranges
appeared in North Dakota only in spring and a\uur, but were present
also in the fall in South Dakota. Lower rangescharaoterised winter
months at all stations except Pierre and above Qarriaoo.
Garrison Reservoir influences upon organio nitrog*i cqwtant
in the river were notvery noteworthy, as concentration at Man4an
frequently deviated considerably from that of reservoir releases,
which,oft en differed from reservoir surface water# It, Randall Resar-
voir surface and discharged waters exhibited greater similarity, and
its release speared to be the major- factor influjnping qanoentra-
tlftt	«tpeoi*Uy
significant, except for the ,month of April, in Gsrrisflpj ^t from
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25
May - December, cone eat rat ions at Chamberlain and in Ft. Randall
Reservoir showed essentially the sane pattern of ^increase and de-
crease on a monthly basis. Discharged water differed somewhat during
November and December.
Annual average concentration was significantly greatest above
Garrison, and signifiocuvf^y Iwest in and below that reservoir.
Differences among other s|ations (0.94 ^1.07 ppm) are considered
insignificant. Averagerconcentration for all stations was 0.99—a
marked increaseoyer the 1954 annual mean of 0.43.
Ammonia flltrogea
Ammonia nitrogen exhibited limited seasonal, variation at, any
station, and Uttle «&f£^enpe was ,«y^d«pt among variola stations
do;wn to Yankton (Table llt AppeQdlx).. Hiqh.lKgpcqpwtXttvt vspre
contributed ^C!fpilaitio»r«trfi9uooJl.,|DLi»ffi... ;1|£1 jjjp8|£j|pi| stations
except ChamberUift.and MandaP-.had aauurked increase in Decemberi Ft.
Randall Reservoir, had tjpnother elevation |n ly$Xli ¦nd a similar.rise
oocurred.abjove Garrispn.^eservoir ^ September* At.allother tines,
monthly aywagesrang^ frtaa^less than O^ tQ.,0-2, pj». Except for
December, individual stations rose and. d#cli»^gi4|ob4i?fep^h§|f^ly
of each other j	Decemberdid pnwU-	Jfco
reflapt garifr^yjyjr	Jaalctoe. iv.r*g.
onaual*c^ftwl^ati©© erjg b»tK$;Ug|t^r; these various™stations,
and can b®,coMiA«r^Pi|»4jr4o|§j!a|	aakbejfw Ft.
H»d«ll »M«pvolr. Th«
(0.12 ppa) differed but little from that of 1954 (0.10 ppm) (Table 12,
-------
26
Appendix). The annual average at Council Bluffs (0.5 ppm) was not
significantly different from the 1954 annual average at faaha (0.4,7 )#
for the first year of record, nitrite nitrogen occurred at
all stations (Table 11, Appendix). Previously, its appearance was
limited to Willis'ton, Bismarck, Omaha, and discharges from Ft.	$
Reservoir. At the first three points, nitrite evidently originated
in organic pollution; and its presence below Ft. Randall Dam coincide
with a brief period of reservoir stratification in 1954. Its pres-
ence at all stations in 195$ indicated a widespread change in nitrogen
utilization and cyolic relationships.
A common source of nitrite In unpolluted or relatively
unpolluted voters is the exeretory products of sooplankters. However,
routine plankton samples taken specifically to afford analysis of
phytoplankton, are not very demonstrative of relative densities at-
tained by zooplanlcters j so ho correlation in this respect is possible.
Nitrite showed no definite relationnhip to other nitrogen ooag>ounds.
Its widespread occurrence appeared to be a natural river phenomenon,
unassooiated at aust points with pollutional discharge. Available
data Allow little Insight into factors involved.
At Omaha and Council Bluffs, nitrite arises from organio
contamination and usually occurs at all seasons. Nitrite inoreased
in It. Randall Reservoir during* the refilling pwiod after levels were
dropped to o&mbat carp spavningin June.
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27
Nitrate Nitrogen
Nitrate shoved little relationship to other nitrogen bearing
compounds, and had little similarity at various stations, even between
reservoirs and their releases (Table 11, Appendix); North Dakota and
South Dakota values lore nbt strictly conparable—the South Dakota
results tending to shov lesser concentration. These differences not-
withstanding, it is evident that the river and reservoir upstream
from Ft. Randall generally contained more nitrate than this reservoir ,
its releases, and the river at lankton.
Comparison of annual average concentrations (Table 12, Appendix)
shows a general increase in organic nitrogen in 1955, little change in
ammonia over the past two /ears, much sure widespread occurrence and
general increase of • riftHW, and a significant rise in nitrate concen-
tration over 1954 levels, Itiethelr theee difference® indicate the
influences ofaore stabilised reservoir coalitions, or are merely the
result of normal; river variation, remains t& be se«i. In general,
1958*53	exceededthgt of liter
years—apparently arf a result of thb !992 fl<>otfjJvhoae influences
lingered on dttring the first 6 month# of the inveitigitieo. Other
natural phenomena dM& bei iiiVolved in niUr6gen inoi^aees in 1955.
Hovever, increases i» orglti9^^itlog^%«! nit*eft* couldrepresent con-
centration fr^^tarVs^r«^*pr*«d
Phosphorous
Available phosphorous (phosphatesJoccurred in quantities
reaching lowest range (0.5 ppm) of the field analysis apparatus only
-------
28
at Council Bluffs, where it was present from August to December.
This analysis was not conducted at Omaha. Phosphates in that area
are undoubtedly contributed by pollution.
Average annual total phosphorus concentration (Table 13,
Appendix) showed a general uniformity at all stations, except just
above and just below Garrison Reservoir. Concentration was reduced
by passage through this reservoir, and its surface waters retained
more phosphorous than was passed through its discharge tunnels. Ft.
Randall Reservoir in oreased phosphorous concentration slightly in
surfaoe waters, but its discharge was of the same average annual con-
centration as water entering the reservoir. Greater retention of
phosphorous in the surfaoe layers of each reservoir Indicates the
involvement of phytoplankton, although maximum phosphorous oonoentra-
tiona were associated with generally low plankton densities (Table 15,
Appendix) in eaoh. It appears that some decay of plankton grovtha
is necessary for liberation of phosphorous in the form detectable by
the standard technique. Average monthly averages show a phosphorous
increase «t most stations following plankton decline at the end of
the growiagseason. Concentration at all atations was generally
within the range oonaidered stimulative to algal growth*
Annual averagss (Tabla 12, Appendix) show a relatively oonatant
concentration at all stations oyer the last two years of reoord, with
the exception of a slight increase above Garrison Reservoir in 1955,
Discussion of Chemistry
Analyses conducted indicated pollutional influences at Omaha
and Council Bluffs, and possibly at Bismarck. With regard to nitrogen
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29
and phosphorous compounds, Council Bluffs exhibited more local
influenoes than Omaha. Differences between the lower two stations
in other respects stem from the fact that the Council fluffs intake
does not draw from the main path of flow which,.howeverf bears di-
rectly upon the Otaahpi, Intake. . Variation between the two stations is
generally what would be expected between main ctoani^el and shoreline
samples; and easaplea from Omaha fire considered more representative
of the major discharge. Cross-seotioncd. composites woul4 in all
likelihood iron 
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30
Variation in nitrogen content vas largely the reault of
processes present in individual river reaches, such occurrence® being
itodified only to a slight degree by existence of reservoirs. Nitrite,
previously undetected unless introduced by pollution and reservoir
stratification, vas generally produced in 1955* Its relationship to
other nitrogenous oonpounds or biological elements Bay not be deter-
mined within the limitations of present investigational procedures. A
aore frequent appearance of nitrite at Omaha and Council Bluffi strong-
ly suggests that organism involved in its production were betteflr
represented than during previous years of record. Qrganio nitrogen
increases probably reflect the concentration aetivity ef aore widespread
growths of micro-organisms.
Phosphorous analyses indicated that the svpplyofthis element
was largely incorporated in organic compounds or tied up within the
bodies of various suspended organisms. Oa an annual basis, quantities
have been rather constant at stations unaffected by pollution.
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31
BIOLOGICAL FEATURES
Phytoplankton
Qualitative Aspects
This population has exhibited insufficient variation to
necessitate any major change in taxonomic growing® adopted in 1952-53
(Table 7, 1952-53 report). Diatoms remained the predominant general
group at moat stations during most seasons; bttbblu»-green*lgae,
green algae, euglenophytes, and heterotrioh yellow-green algae re-
placed them as monthly dominant groups at a number of stations.
Group predominance on a swnthly basis appears in Table LC»
Appendix, in vhich the three densest groupa are shoim in desoendinf
order for each station. It ia evident from entriea in that table
t&at eeaeon and looatidn both playe£ definite rolasln selection of
most nuweroufl group.* In January, Aaterlonella held dominance over
the entire river and reservoir ayBtea from Garrison to Yankton* It
February it toaa replaced by the blue-green alga Dactylocoooooaia la
tJiarrieon Reservoir and downstream to Fi«lrre> and tiy a sioallmember of
the Heterot rich ales at Charaberlaiii, but: at 111 mad ntaiaed dominance In
-i-ip-pt. Randall, ext«tiding downri!?er toQnaha. In Munch. Aaterlonella
SSSiaiiiMtill dominant in Ft. Randall and batavf PacVrlocooQopaia had
m®. fllgfetan • feplacedfcy • Cyolot ella ohaetooeraa la Gaxsriaoa Reservoir, but was
•till dominaat atMobriflge and f'Pi*i*e,lat»d4*.
b Msodan, however. AJterlonolla had regained domLnanae. via ImpII* a
month of increasing planktdndeneity in andfcalaw Garrison Reservoir f
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32
the small Cvclotella was still its dominant form, but Asterionella
had decreased significantly in Ft. Randall. River stations exhibited
considerable variation in April, dominance being held by Aster ion $11^
at Mandan and Pi err e, by Chlorella at Mo bridge (between M&ndan and
Pierre)} at Chamberlain by Dlatoma elongation, by Heterotrichales at
lankton, and by the Rhizosolenia group at Omaha and Covmoil Bluffa. Jfc
Hay the Cyclotella-Stephanodisoua group gained superiority in Garrison
and Extended its dominance over the river down to Ft. Randall Reservoir
in and below which Asterionalla had again developed into the most
numerous organism. In June, a month of general decline in plankton
density, the Orclotella-Steohanodiacus group still reigned in Garriacai ^
Reservoir and at most stations downstreams to Ft* Randall Reservoir,
where Euglena was most numerous. July was characterised by consider~
able variation between stations, even between reservoirs and their
discharges. In August the blue-green AphanisoBMnon gained doalnanoe
in Garrison Reservoir* bub was not represented*!* the three npat numar-
ouagroups at other stations. Cyolotell^-Stflfaiif planktera
still held on at Pierre, Chamber la in, Omaha, and Counoil Bluff a, wfail#
Chl«Bydomoha» ma most numerous in Ft. Randall and at lankton. In
September the (^lot^l^StgEhaBgdlagag groupgaiaod numerical supetri-
ority at all stations beginning with GarrisonResecrvoir. ApHih
appeared below Garrison during thli months ,2fte Cyolotella-Bt«r>h»rc~n —^
group maintained its general doninanoe in October, losing out; to
Stichocoooaf, a green alga, at Xankfcon, Ouaha^ and Counoil Bluff a. In
November and December. Oyclotella-Stephertodisouforganiams prevailed
or figured Jte. 2 in density at alllocatianaij
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33
Increase to a dominant position was limited to relatively
few of the rather long list of phytoplankters. Diatoms attained that
role more frequently than representatives of other algal groups, and
were usually dominant when plankton densities reached their highest
levels. Other alg^groups whose representatives, at times exhibited
numerical superiority were; Green Algae—Volvacales (Chlaaydoaonas
and Cocoomonas). Chloroooccales (Chlorslla), Ulotriohales (Stlohooooous);
Yellow-Green Algae—Xanthophyoeae (Hetepotrichales)i Euglenophyta—
Euglenophyceae (Euglena) i Blue-Green Algae— Qiroooocoales (Dactylococ-
copais) and Hormogonales (Aphanlaonepon).
Reservoir influences upon qualitative aspects of plankton
varied. In some, instances lt appeared that organisHB gained a start
in a reservoir and then, epreacl downstream, assuming dominance at all
points. The early laterlonella bloom spread from Garrison Reservoir
in October 1954 tp Chamberlai? in November, and Decembecr,through Pt.
Randall Reservoir in January, and on to Oaaha in February. It main-
tained its dpRift*no# FL., Biaa^iUhA^	March, *ujt
out to otb«p group? ii\,(lMTf8on after Jaauary. This downstraa*
progression ofan a^al ^ocw from pne reservoir though aeothar in
vi»ter may j$rth, to , south , % e^eratur e decline,.
exhibited, dense development. in GarriSQAti® December when water tem-
perature vat 9°; ^A„iD0d„^t#i»ed. itf Randall in January
and February xlepjfewppp^urq.waa; at ox? wwr Hgwever,
Asterlonella attained greater dqaaltv In Jta Randall iA.MayVbaa
waterIT.Aat«ri it
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34
vill. be necessary to assume also that different strains of the
species were involved in the winter and summer blooms. In the river
between the two reservoirs, the appearance of Asterionella is readily
explained by the fact that the major part of discharge originated in
Garrison releases. Its occurrence in Ft. Randall, however, may
hardly be assumed due to replacement of impounded water, as water
entering the reservoir amounted to only about 12 percent of that left
in storage in January. Experimentation will be necessary to establish
the details of Garrison Reservoir influence, and whether or not the
growth in the lower reservoir was the result of teaperature decline.
Water containing a dense growth of a certain phytoplanlcter
may only seed areas into which it flows, but it may also introduce
elements that stimulate growth of that particular group or species.
For matinee. Aster ion ella did not get started in Ft. Randall until
three months after it had been carried to that locality in Garrison
releases (Table 13, Appendix, 1954 report). Similarly, it required
over a month to develop to a dominant position at Omaha, although
constantly introduced in It. Randall releases going by that point. It
maybeargued that conditions eventually changed sufficiently to per-
mit its greater development at Omaha, but what factor would have mora
influence than continued entrance of water in which theorganiam had
been growing? InJfcy, the later ion ella bloom immediately extended to
Omaha j but the organism had ranged within the three <46minant positions
at Yahkton and Council Huffs in April.
The above account is not intended to belittle the role of
local factors in inducing variation at individual stations, as it must
-------
35
be assumed that delays in initiating local populations of forms
contributed from upstream are caused by local influences. Local
factors were evident in dominance alteration (Table 14, Appendix), but
individual station variation would have been less striking in aome
instances if samples had consisted of aross-sectional oou|>o8itea. The
factor responsible for ohefcical differences at Omaha and Council Bluffs
was also involved in plankton variation between the two stations.
Blooms that appeared simultaneously at stations, a. g., Qyclotella-
Stephanodlscus in September, may be considered th« result of general
iliaatologioal and river conditions.
Inflow into Garr i son Reservoir had littlainf Juence upon the
composition of its plankton (Table M, i^pendlx), andduring several
months Ft. Randall Reservoir resisted lnfluenoes of ^stream water
and developed its own dharacteristii jilankton population. However,
reservoir algal populations were gafterally iauoh aerealike than in
19&, ihdGirrison conditions exerted some influenae invFt.; Randall.
Infldw of the Niobrara River, whioh developeddenae plankton growths
In late spring and au*m«r, waS fiometiasa instrumenttal inindaein®
qualitative changes at T*&Jeto»» GAvint lblnt Riier'rodr «erted no
apparent influence upon plankton oompositionof . itsiaf
ttokritltrtlT. hya*..
IfonthlyT trtreraif* maxiiluw pliftlrtc« ltaiBltia»: (Tahl*15*
Jlppefcdi*) ar« inu»tr«Etilrtf'<>f'«*e	' Ih>
dmdu^' anal^is^e*tos s^iar in TabU
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36
No significant concentrations appeared above Garrison
Reservoir; and within that body of water, growths to near critical
levels were noted only during the first 5 months. The densities
recorded in January represented the continuation of an Aatarlonwl
proliferation which began in October 1954 (fee 1954 report). Ihe
river below Garrison Dam showed close agreement with the reservoir
down to the vicinity of Mandan. Mabridge density declined In May
and Increased again in July. Thereafter, numbers at that point
exceeded those recorded at Garrison until December. At Pierre, higher
densities were also evident over a greater part of the year,
numbers being observed In August. Chamberlain attained high concen-
trations in April, June, and August, but exhibited a decline in
Ft. Randall influences upon numbers of river plankton extended down
to Yankton; and maximum densities occurred in Jfay, a time of decline
In inflowing water at Chamberlain, toother increase occurred in
August j levels showed little change In September* Influences of
Niobrara River contributions-were evident at Yankton in July and
August, when water entering from that tributary augmented plankton
conaentrationtoy introduction of such fbrms as the Rhlgosol^ft group
i
and illl<£84tadfiSS?&S. Concentration in theNlobrara far axoeeded any
i	,
found In the Missouri or Its reservoirs*
Densities at Omaha and Council Bluffs jf^crally ranged far
below to slightlj below those at more upBtrea*HatlpnsKjret exhib-
ited an increase in December that was oo*>letely out of llne with.
events upriver, although Involving pr*®tl«al4»^	ulima
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37
that were then dominant In Ft. Randall releases. Omaha and Council
Bluffs infrequently exhibited concentrations in the same range.
Maximum densities recorded in and below Garrison Reservoir,
atMobridge, Chamberlain, Ft. Randall, Yanlcton, and Omaha, were high
enough to be considered critical from a water quality standpoint. On
a monthly basis suoh levels occurred at Yankton in May, at Chamberlain
in April, and at Omaha in Decenbeir.
Table 16. Ayeraft? AQntj^ ZlSBgi2S SSBSSS^SSMeBl, 02- 2K Si-
Parentheses enclose number of records.
.. II. MWiin.1. if I. I I i. ill III i 'l ,_J L'.'l . I i'm ¦ limn «» III my 	

1952-53
1954
.1955
Above Garrison Reservoir


(7)
79
(16)
62
GarriBon Reservoir


mr
192
(51)
207
Below Garrison Dam


(24)
180
(51)
233
Mandan


(21)
174
(52)
175
JMobridge


(7)
181
(^
339
Pierre
(16),
49
(24)
144
(23)
242
Chamberlain
(45)
60
(45)
1B5
(50)
295
It. Randall Reservoir
(21)
172
(50)
403
(52)
320
pi
Below Ft. Randall Dam
(65)
100
(51)
430
(5*)
277
lankton
m

(52)
426
(51)
304
Omaha
<33>
131
(50)
264
<40)
259
Cornell Bluffa


(15)
• .63
(39)
228
Ly«r;


m
622.
(8)
6304
Gonparison ofi average annual oonQ*ntr«fci
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38
Entries in Table 16 show that maximum production m 1955 occurred
•within Ft Randall Reservoir The annual average at Yankton closely
approached that of Ft. Randall, but the lower station benefited from
growths introduced by the Niobrara River. With this exception, there
was a general decline in plankton density (Mobridge and Pierre are
excluded from this account) below reservoirs. A similar decline vas
evident below Garrison during the last 6 months of 1954, but Yankton
showed no significant decline below Ft. Randall releases. Omaha's
average was below that of Yankton each year of record.
During its early days of impoundment, plankton forms that
developed in Pt. Randall Reservoir increased their concentration when
discharged to the river below. Higher annual densities at Yankton
during that period were not occasioned by Niobrara inflow, but by
continued proliferation of plankters originating in the reservoir.
In 1954 theie was no significant annual difference in density between
Yankton and the reservoir releases, and in 1955 a slight increase,
refaiable to Niobrara River augmentation, was evident at Yankton.
However, the highest 1955 density at Yankton in May resulted from
continued growth of Ft Randall forms Plankters exhibited aftar-
gorwth in 1955 upon release from Garrison Reservoir, beginning in the
vicinity of Msbridge, following declines at Mandan. Decreases at
Mandan any have resulted from sampling at a point unrepresentative
of the major discharge.
Plankton growth in the reservoirs exhibited characteristic
lentic fluctuations with months of very low densities following periods
of maximum or near maximum concentrations River stations did not
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39
usually exhibit either toe high or the low extremes found in
reservoirs
In previous years plankton densities have been expressed
both by number and volumetric units (M units) per ml. Both systems
have been illustrative of plankton fluctuation and, because of time
limitations, computation of M unit values has been omitted from
treatment of data incorporated in this progresa report.
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RESERVOIRS
40
_ Garrison Reservoir exhibited no narked thermal stratification
in 1955, although temperature differences of less than 1° C per meter
occurred from surface to bottom when a vertical series of samples was
collected on July 19 (Table 17).
Table 17. Vertical Variation £3 Temperature and Chemistry. Garrison
Reservoir. July lg, 1955. 1 Mile Above Dam, Total Depth 85 Pfc.
Depth Feet
1.5
13
27
40
54
67
31
Temp. °C
21.5
21.0
20.5
20.0
19.5
18.5
18.0
PH
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.1
8.0
8.0
7.9
CO3 Alk. ppm
8.0
8.0
10.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
HCO3 Alk. pjan
134.0
135.0
133.0
140.0
146.0
147.0
148.0
Oxygon ppm
8.0
8.0
7.2
7.2
6.8
5.6
4.8
NH3 N ppm
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
NO2 N ppm
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.0
0.0
PO4 ppm
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Chemical features indicate homogenous water extended down lean
than 27 feet during a day of bright, calm weather. Decreases in oxygen
and increases in bicarbonate alkalinity with depth are referable to
increased decomposition, a process utilising oxygen and producing CQg
to react with zoonocarbonate and increase methyl orange alkalinity
while lowering pH. Available phosphorous did not "occur ai any depth,
¦r»d trace amounts of anonia nitrogen were present from 13 to 6f? feet*
-------
u
Nitrite occurred in considerable concentration from the surface down
to % feet, but disappeared at greater depths*
Results of three vertical s«ri«s in Ft, Randall Reservoir
on July 26 end 27 appear in Table 18. It is evident from this table
that Ft. Randall deviated from Garrison in soma respects, and was
not quite the same at different locations within Itself. The upper
-.series in shallow water near Gh&mberlain was charaoteristic of upper
~reservoir reaches in the deep layer of soupy suspended silt and gen-
^eral uniformity of water above* At th« midway point (TablaJ.8b),
'suspended silt occupied only the lower "two feet of water, arid chesrloal
variation was evident at different depths* Nitrite was absent in
eijpp«f i^ater and increased with depthh bsyjic^ing ;*t 27 feet-r-quite .the
Reverse.of Garrison on July Q*ygen exhibited m sharp deoline at
.fable 18. Vertical Variation 4,9 Temparature and ^Chemistry.
Xfc* Mi&ai fiassoaiE,	ZL> 1255
Table 18a. Eleven Miles Below Chamberlain, Total Depth 27 Feet,
Suspended Silt-Below l8 .Feety .July 26^1955
Depths Feet
1.5 0.9
18
,$0Up 90:
26.0 25*5

PH


.993 Allc. ppo
18.0
18«0
mrf jak. ppm
127.0"
128 ro
Oxygen ppm
8.0
8.0
pfm

Oil
iw**
0.0
0*0
' i:W
""" 		
9*0 ;
0.0
-------
Table 18b. Forty-Jive Miles Above Dan, Total Depth 63 Feet,
Suspended Silt Below 61 Feet, July 27, 1955
42

Depth Feet
Temp °C
pH
CO3 Alk. ppm
HCO3 Alk. ppn
Oxygen ppn
NH3 N pp»
NOg K ppa
*0^ pp#
1.5
13.5
27
40.5
60
26.75
26,5
26.0
26.0
26.0
8.3
8.2
8.2
8.2
8.2
14.0
12.0
10.0
10.0
8.0
137.0
139.0
142.0
141.0
144.0
7.2
6.4
6.4
6.4
4.8
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0
#
w
0.0
0.0
0.005
0.005
0.0]
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Tabl« I80. Two Hllw Above **»> Tot>1 DaPth 98 Ftat» July 27| 1955
- —* TT~aT~ti <0.5	5* « 60,8 *
TMp °C 29.0 27-° 26-75 26-°	26,0 26,0 24,75 23,5
pH 8«? 8.3 8.3 8.2	8.2 8.4 8.1 7.8
luk.|S. «•« n'° U'° 8'°	8,0 *.0 0.0
HCOi Alk. pp*;> 135.0 132.0 135.0 13V.0	137.0 1*1,0 1*8.0
hq 7.2 7,2 7.2	6.4 6.4 fi* t.4
Oxygen pp* *»°. '•*
n. nl 0.1	0.1 Oil i ,0.1
MH3 M PP« °'1 0,1
i«02*PI» 0-00' °-°°5 °-a	°-01 °-005 0,0 e•00,
0.0 0.0 0.0	0.0, o.* tu>t
^60 feet} pH did not change with depth, but mm decrease «ad ino*ea«e
! idth v«r.	In MaoiwboMt. «nl blc«rbonat.»lfc*l&itf,
yyMtiHir. imaalt atttogw ln«r.»*M4 ~fcwtlj *&
-------
A3
Two miles above the dam (Table 18c), the reservoir had changed
little. Temperature at 67 feet was the same as recorded at 60 feet,
43 miles above. Similarly, pH, alkalinity, and oxygen variations were
essentially the same down to 67 feet. The oxygen decline near 60 feet
at the middle reservoir station resulted from proximity to the bottom.
She same sudden change was evident at % feet near the dam* Nitrite
occurred at all depths except 80.5 test at the lower station. Greatest
concentration was found between 27 and 54 feet, a decline to 0.0
occupied the distance from $4 to about 81 feet, but it reappeared at
94 feet. Anosmia nitrogen was moat concentrated at the surfaoe and at
middle depths.
Vertical aeries samples, and differences at times evident
between surface waters and discharges, indioate that chemioal varia-
tion occurs from surfaoe to bottom in the absence of a definite ther-
mal stratification with three or more density layers. The abaenoe of
thermal layers was definitely shown by a deollne of only 3° C over a
vertical distanoe of 81 feet in Garriaon, and by declines of only
0,73° G in 60 feet and 3.5° C in 94 f*«t in Ft. Randall.
Variation in nitrite over vertical distances In theme reser-
voirs strongly suggests its major production by sooplankters, many of
which carry on diurnal vortioai migrations.
Longitudinal variation in It. Randall Reservoir was not marked
with respect to any features analysed in the vertical scries. Hardness
la surfaoe water, however, inoreased from 208 ppm 11 miles below
Cbaaberlain to 228 ppm 2 miles above the dam.
-------
u
THE NIOBRARA RIVER
This river had its chemistry altered by very dense phytoplankton
growths in May, June, July, and August (Tables 19f Appendix, and 15,
Appendix). Bioarbanate and total alkalinity were redueed, and
carbonate alkalinity and pH vere elevated. Inflow of the Niobrara
tended to dilute mineral content as measured by hardness and alkalinity
at Yankton.
Phosphorous never oocurred in the available forms aaanoQia
nitrogen concentration never exceeded 0.1 ppn, ana was at tinea O.Qj
and nitrite nitrogen was observed upon two occasions. The presence of
nitrite in this stream strengthens the supposition thai its widespread
occurrence in the Missouri resulted from natural phenomena not present
during previous years of investigation.
Plankton concentration in the Niobrara waa at tines nea
times as great as the maximum noted in the Missouri and its reservoirs.
Development to that level in most instances involved increases in green
algae as well as in diatosui. Superficially, the lower Niobrara, a
shallow stream running over a vide sandy bad, may not have the ^>paaxw
ance of a river promoting plankton developmentj yet, each year of
record has found It with substantial populations.
-------
45
TASTE AND ODOR OCCURRENCES
In March, Garrison discharges had a fishy odor, and severe
tastes and odors developed at Yankton from materials oontributed by
cleaning the settling basin. The fishy odor was still evident•below
Garrison Dam in April; and foam floating there had a greenish-yellow
oplor that was not associated with algal cells bat with a color in
solution. Mandan water plant operators receivea severaa oomplaints
about tastes and odors in their finished water. April was a month of
high plankton concentration in Garrison releases. Mandan had a less
dense population, but was not immune to the effects of plankton
detritus. Operators alleviated the oondition with increased dosages
of sppropriate ahemicals.
On April 18, the Chamberlain water department was notified by
the Public Health Service throvgh the South Dakota State Department
of Heaiui of a probable algal increase to a nuisance level. Water
operators immediately increased carbon and chlorine dosages and suffered
no complaints from tastes and odors- in finished water, Xenkton water
operators were similarly notified on. Mpy 9# and they promptly insti-
tuted remedial measures. Their attests, were not. couplet ely successful,
as some odor was present in finished water until May 31. However,
they received few complaints from city residents.
Mild tastes and odore were evident, in. finished, wate? at Mandan
on May ill, shortly after carbon application was reduced.. Several
complaints arose from poor palatabllity,pf„Biamarok water ..1j* eejrly
figr, but objectionable substances disappeared about !fcy 20.
-------
A6
In June the Public Health Service notified the Mobridge water
plant, through the usual channels, of increasing algal density $ but
no problem occurred. A minor taste and odor problem developed at
Chamber lain in early July, but proved amenable to control through
increased use of carbon. Msndan experienced some impairment of water
quality on July 5 and 6. In August the Publio Health Service again
furnished notice of impending plankton increases to water operators
at Chamberlain and lanktonj and they were able to maintain a palatable
water throigh increased application of carbon and chlorineChamber-
liln experienced some trouble with oil slioks that ware windblown
up at roam from the sewer outfall.
In recent years the ray fungi (Actinomycetea) have received
considerable attention as causative agents of unsavory tastes and odors
in water supplies, the claim being made in some quarters that all
naturally occurring problems of this sort are associated with these
fungi, either by their growth in turbid water or as parasites In «icni
cells (see 1952-53 report). Cfcportunity to evaluate the role of
A'dtinomycetes in water supplies taken from the Missouri River has hot
existed^ yet, very few tastes and odors have occurred unassooiated
with algal blooma (refer to Table 15), the few exceptional cases oo-
ourring during declines of dense growths. It is, therefore, obvioua
that algae have been involved, either directly or indirectly, in
*-T
establishment of conditions leading to tests and odor production.
Experiences with taste and odor problems indicate that oontrol
would have been neve adequate if adjustable continuous feed carbon
^libiti&a had been available at all water plsata. Because of the
-------
47
expected frequency of reoccurrence of these problems In the reach of
Garrison Dam to Yankton, it is highly desirable that such equipment
be installed at all plants now depending upon uncontrolled methods of
application.
-------
48
RESERVOIR INFLUENCES UPON WATER TREATMENT COSTS
In the first two progress reports (1952-53 and 1954)» this
section h&s been largely restricted to records of the the Ysnkton^
South Dakota, water treatment plant, which in 1953 and 1954 showed
substantial savings in coagulating and softening chemicals after Ft.
Randall impoundment.
In 1955, available yearly chemical cansuaption records vers
obtained at all major MLssouri River water treatment plants from
Ifendan, North Dakota, to St. Charles, MLssouri. Analyses of these
data indicate that many factors, process and personnel changes,
alterations, improvements, enlargements, intake relocations, con-
struction of new plants, etc., have contributed to variation in
usage of treatment chemicals. These occurrences prevent comparison
of pre- and poet-reservoir records at the present time. Vhen data
for a few more years are available, a more adequate basis for ooo-
parison with historical records will exist. Operational changes at
Yankton in 1955 now delay any further consideration of that plant
in this respect.
In general terms, all operators have notioed reduced turbidi-
ties during the last three years\ and most of them believe the clari-
fication has produced savings in coagulants. At some plants practicing
softening, a trend toward savings in raw materials has been evident*
Ibis trend was quite apparent at Isnkton in 1953 and 1954» but opera-
tional change resulted in inoreased use of such chemicals in 1955
when average hardness of raw water was the lowest on record, Beoause
-------
49
of such occurrences it appears unjustified to assume that treatment
plant operations will consistently reflect changes in river water
quality unless records cover a period of several years.
-------
APPENDIX
-------
X* Teapgraturc and Precipitation Departures £rom Xormal - 1955
lova	Hebraaks. North Dakota South Dakota Wyoming	Montana
Top. Precip. Teap. Frecip. Te«p. Preclp. leap. Precip. Tsqp. Preclp. X«qp. Precip.
°F (inch eg) °F (laches) °F (inches) °F (inches) °F (ladies} °F (iiches}
Jaouazy
>1.3
-O.06
>0.4
>0.06
>4.3
-0.07
>3.7
-0.33
>0.6
-0.30
>1.8
-0.28
Jfebrtuuf
-1.S
/a ZL
-4.9
>0.19
-3.0
>0.05
-3.9
>0.33
-3.5
>0.14
-3.0
>0.22
March
-1.6
-0.72
-1.1
—0.69
-6.1
-0.20
-2.3
-0.75
-5.2
—0.16
-7.6
>0.01
April
>7.6
>0.88
>5-7
-1.12
>6.8
>0.05
>6.6
-0.66
-0.5
-0.57
-2.1
>0.72

#.2
-1.24

-0.39
>3.6
-0.35
>M
—0.36
>1.7
>0.01
-2.5
>0.97
Jtme

-1.47
->.4
>0*42
-1.0
-0.24
-2.3
-0.34
-1.4
>0.35
-1.6
-0.74
jfaly
>4.9
-0.32
>4.6
-1.55
*a.«
>0.71
>3.7
-0.08
>1.8
-0.33
-1.6
>1.10
Jtafuat
>4.6
-1.97
>4.8
-1.43
>4.2
-0.38
>4.9
-0.24
>3.4
>0.03
A.9
-0.90
Saptaabcr
>2.3
-1.00
>*.3
/0.62
-0.5
>0.<*
>0.6
>0.31
>1.0
-0.15
-1.3
-0.62
Oototar
y&.9
-0.80
>1-7
-1.06
>3*3
-0.52
>*.4
-0.91
>2.6
-0.56
>1.9
-0.15
Jbrcabor
»6.jt
-1.4?
-6.0
-0.49
-32.0
>0.27
-9.5
-0.23
-5.7
>0.29
-12.3
>0.55
Sveeabcr

-0.60
-4-4
-0.11
4.5
-0.13
-8.2
>0.34
>1.7
/Q.7Q
-5.6
>0.70
Annual
>0.7
-#.61
>0.4
-5.53
—0.6
-0.11
0.0
-2.99
-0.2
-0.55
-2.7
>1.58
-------


Iollowston«
at
Sidney
Ft. Pack*
Discharge
Garrison
Inflow
Garrison
Discharge
BLeasrck
Ft, Randal] Ft* Randall
Inflow Discharge
Yankton
Omaha
Jan
3,900
5,300
8,000
6,-400
6,400
6,500
7,700
9,700
6,700
r«b
4,600
5,100
10,600
7,400
7,300
6,900
7,700
9,000
11,250
Ifcr
6,100
6,000
13,900
5,400
5,500
15,100
10,600
15,100
21,100
Apr
12,500
6,100
33,800
13,200
13,800
11,800
22,300
25,900
29,400
*0T
13,300
9,300
30,100
38,500
38,800
33,200
26,900
30,400
31,100
Jxsa
27,750
11,800
38,800
23,200
23,900
26,900
26,100
30,100
30,800
Jul
15,200
24,000
a, 100
28,800
28,800
29,900
25,400
28,700
31,200
|gg
5,*00
25,000
31,100
26,100
25,700
23,900
31,100
31,200
29,000
s*>
5,000
25,700
28,500
30,800
30,700
31,000
32,000
34,500
34,800
Oct
6,000
27,300
33,600
32,000
32,000
31,200
29,900
32,300
32,100
tor
5,400
9,900
15,700
17,000
17,400
19,300
10,000
11,200
13,400
Ifee
5,000
5,600
12,200
9,200
9,200
9,000
9,300
8,700
8,300
1955
9,000
13,600
24,800
19,900
20,100
20,600
20,000
22,400
23,500
"1st all daily discharges available.-
-------
Tabla li. Att«^> Annual Tarblditl*, pf, W«tw Plant Kwonl»
RiTW Mll*t
1*70.5
U3U.5
uoe.e
365.0
362.0
226*8
196.7
36.6
36.0

ST. JOSEPH
ATCHItTSON
LIATEHW0RTR
KANSAS CITT
misas cm
QU900W
800H7IUUS
ST. LOUIfl
ST. LOUIS

MISSOURI
Kansas
KANSAS
KANSAS
HISS00RI
MISaOOBZ
MISSOURI
cm
COtWTT
1918



2,329





19



1,820





1920



2,549
2,500




21



1,817
2,000




22



2,477
2,600




23



3,26b
3,600




2b



2,206
3,100




25



2,162
2,500




26



2,203
2,600




27



3,251
3,100




28



2,881
2,600




29



2,246
2,000




1930



2,0b0
2,200


1,661

31



1,812
1,900


1,576

32



3,i6r
2,i|00


2,637

33



2,857
2,000


1,920
1,900
3b



1,666
1,700


1,300
1,300
35



2,306
2,200


1,1)00
1,400
36



1,65b
1,600


1,600
i(5oo
37



2,692
2,700


2,000
2,300
38



2, 30b
2,300


1,600
2,000
39



1,933
1,700


1,600
1,800
191*0
3,300

2,610
2,110
2,bOO


1,900
1,900
u
1*, 800
1,500
3,196
2,899
2,700


2,100
2.300
1*2
3,700
2,200
3,237
2,192
2,200

6,300
1,610
1,700
43
2,600
1,200
2,161
1,668


1,800
1,250
1,300
u
3,100
i,5oo
2,340
2,052


1.900
1,600
1,900
45
3,100
2,000
1,073
2,085
2,300

1,600
2,100
1,500
46
2,600
2,500
1,048
2,330
2,500

2,200
2,000
2,200
47
2,900
3,000
1,793
1,1*50
1,700

1,100
1,276
1,100
1*6
1,700
900
1,99b
l,8b9
2,200

1,600
1,600
1,700
U9
1,600
1,000
1,551
I,li50
1,600

1,500
1,300
1,500
1950
2,375
2,000
1,661
1,870
2,200

1,600
1,760
1,700
SI
2,539
1,500
2,060
1,890
3,200

1,300
I,b00
l,b00
52
1,970
2,000
1,400
1,306
1,600

1,200
1,100
1,100
53
996
i,5oo
rrs
803
650
891
900
760
800
54
1,066
1,200
770
810
900
928
1,000
690
800
55
714
350
534
570
480
668
1,000

600*
PfljyoundMnt fun
2,000
1,775
2,043
2,19b
2,777

2,045
1,692
1,675
Po*tlJ^>oandB«nt Iters
826
1,017
693
726
743
629
933
625
733
• J«rau7 through fcmbw only.
f»bl* 3 • Aww TurblditUi cm

corac zii*
kujfw
0HA«A*
HWKT0M
bbxm n.
MUDftLL
nsnros
IT.
UVDALL
RESERVOIR
CMMBKAH PXBU
MOBODOS
KSfAKE*
MMBUI
MUM
QUSCBKM
QMBISON
JHHVUlJl
AKKS
QAMXttN
Jimnry
78
80
26
<35
<35
<35
<35
<35
a
<35
<35
<35

Mnwy
38
26
<35
<35
<35
<35
<35
<35
20
<35
<35
<35
<35
throb
1*6
762
7 »
<35
<35
267
500
3S
53
220
<35
<35
m
April
bl5
6b0
112
<35
<35
9b
61i5
60
142
lbb
<35
<35
2,000
W
250
367
73
<¦35
<35
63b
b60
460
166

<35
<35
680
Ml
26b
352
53
<35
<35
387
470
220
76
re
<35
<35
i,5oo
Jsly
319
56ii
62
<35
<35
610
275
14$
69
64
<35
<35
1,115
Aacust
71Q
377
37
<35
<35
424
230
365
66
TO
<35
<35
455
fleptwber
226
316
bo
<35
<35
2,005#
230
160
76
67
<35
<35
230
Ortotor
218
300
36
<35
<35
36b
560

60
55
<35
<35

imwtir
l6o
205
<35
<35
<35
135
270
170
136
66
<35
<35
145
0M«tb«r
60
35
<35
<35
<35
<35
<35
<35
26
<35
<35
<35
<35
1955
225
336
»
<35
<35
431
299
152
V
75
<35
<35
633
• n&ljr nevdi fopoiab*d tap mt«r plait operators.
t Silt dapwlM *m> imrrci* matin. pimlM nirrM tf m.1 wt ntWr Ktiee.
-------
T«bl* 5* Iwrw Twentiffii pB,	iad Kwdtw

T«p.
°C
ptt
&
PC*
5?
pj"
total
Alk.
*»
fotml
Uardnm
PJ»
Tmp.
«C
P«
Sl
«¦
KX*
Aik;
PS*
*etai
AIk.
PP«
total
HardjMM
PP«
w.
°c
pH
&
PI*
bcoi
Alk.
pern
TolaT
AUc.
r»"
Total
Har rll
18.0
6.0
0
119
u?
216
S.0
0.2
u
166
178
281
5.o
8.2
11
170
181
288
m
16.0
e,2
2
lSb
156
222
9*5
e»2
6
1*5
151
SU
9.7
8,2
6
ib6
152
21b
JttM
18.0
8.0
0
122
122
177
U.l
8.2
10
131
11*1
206
16.0
8.2
10
133
lbb
203
Jul7
22.5
8.0
3
132
U5
186
20,0
6.2
10
IX
U16
19b
I8.0
8*2
8
Ibo
IbB
19b
kagmt
ZL.O
8.2
9
1M
156
223
21.1
8.1
5
121
126
162
a.o
8.1
b
126
130
182
3vpUmb*r
15.0
8.2
10
150
160
21*0
15.0
8,2
12
126
136
166
16.0
8.2
12
129
lbl
186
October











232





228
Kovnbar
2.0
9.2
10
156
166
256
7.0
8.3
ib
lbfi
160
2b0
7.0
e.3
lb
lb6
160
21*0
Daeabw
1.0
6.1
10
160
WO
300
1.5
8.3
12
157
16?

2.0
8.3
10
160
170

HaBlMf At|.

0.1
5
1U6
153
226

6.2
10.5
ill?
160
233

8.2
lO.b
153
163
236
Annul *rg.


1j-S
11*5
150
221


9.8
1M
157
233


9.7
151
160
235
Mil HOIK
FIKB
kwiidi
CHAMKHLAQi
Jkiuu7
5.0
e.i
12
17U
Hon*
296
0.5
6.2
8
178
166
272
1.0
8.2
lb
171
IBS
292
TnbrMij
b.5
8.2
6
185
Aval.
308
0.0
8.2
6
188
196
266
1.0
8.2
V)
185
195
307
March
3.0
8.1
0
170

250
o,s
6.2
10
118
158
268
1.1
8.0
T
11*3
150
1B2
April
6.2
8.2
U
169

27li
13.0
8r2
18
169
M7
26(i
12.2
e.2
10
158
168
272
Mar
11.0
8.2
e
ib5

251
13.5
8.2
6
160
168
229
18.0
8.2
6
168
17b
260
Jon*
15.7
8.2
6
137

225
10.5
0.2
8
129
137
207
a.5
8.2
7
126
136
227
J1I7
22.6
8.-2
ii
135

216
a.o
8.1
2
lbb
u&
200
26.0
8.2
7
lM
15b
219
Aac*rt
20.7
6.2
T
1214

195
23.0
6,3
12
123
135
180
2b.0
8.3
12
13b
U*6
201
Saplanbtr
15-0
8.2
10
125

192
12.0
8.2
10
126
136
180
13.0
8.2
b
135
139
18b
fetetw





211





206
10.2
8.2
12
135
lb8
220
thrm t*r
ii.O
8.2
12
lM

236
L.O
8.2
12
11(2
15b
237





255
Diovbir
2*0
B,J
10
163

293
1.0
e.it
10
161,
17b
259
0.5
8.2
10
175
185
289
Monthly At(.

8.2
6.6
152

2U

6.2
9.7
152
162
232

8.2
9
153
162
21*2
Anauti. *T|,


9.0
Ufi

266


9.6
152
161
232


8.8
lb?
153
2bd


J?
BAN Mil
UCSBOTOIR



mat it.
RAKDAU. DAM

1ANKT0N
January
0.0
6.2
6
lb7
153
250
0.0
6.2
6
lilS
153
2b9
0.0
8.2
6
U18
15b
2b8*
ftbruarjr
1*5
6.2
6
ISO
158
256
2.0
8.2
6
l5l
1ST
259
b.5
8.2
b
Ibo
M
258
XarcH
3.0
6.2
U
lb9
160
260
3.3

8
155
1*3
266
2.2
8.1
3
138
lb2
216
April
6.2
8.2
7
161
166
275
6.1

6
162
168
475
9.7
8.2
7
152
160
867

12.3
6.2
13
11*6
160
2P
LU.5

11
lb7
158
267
16.9
8,2
U
UO
15b
961
JOM
18.2
6.2
10
lb9
160
266
10.0

9
l5o
160
¦268
20.5
8.2
u
1U7
158
2b9
/aljr
2b. 0
8.2
10
135
U 5
225
21.5

6
U3
lb9
231
25.0
8.2
u
136
lb9
227
Aagaat
25.2
6.2
10
ibi
152
227
25.2

9
Ibb
1ft
22B
25.2
8.2
12
ibo
152
220
WMtM
20.0
6.2
9
136
3JUS
20b
15.7

10
13b
u*
106
19*0
8,t
12
ib3
155
208
October
15.5
8.2
11
125
136
197
5.5

10
126
1)6
197
lb.3
8,2
13
125
138
19b
¦crater
5.5
6A
10
100
lb0
199
2.0

10
129
139
103
6.0
8.3
8
137
m
200
DeeeAer
1.5
6.2
8
13 J*
11*2
no


8
135
11*3
210
5 ja
SA
6
Ibb
150
283
HMthlr AT|.

6.2
9.2
lb2
151
236


6,4
U3
152
230

8.2
8«&
Ul
150
>31
Arwail AT|.


9.6
it3
153
237


8.7
1*5
153
236


9J.
UfO
150
832
DMUBI*
OMAHA*
owes, mxm»
JMW17
0.0
8.3


191
2b5
0.b

5
186
19b
>85
1A
8.1
3
185
186
>82
Tkbmiy*
0.0
6.3


201
263
0.0

It
177
1T9
17b
i*i
8.1

172
17S
26b
Iterob
0,1
6.2


>03
>56
1.0

1
161
161
St8
1.6
8.0
3
UJi
IbT
819
April
7.T
6*3


197
25»
13.0

1
176
179
867
12.1
«a
k
15?
m
155

12.6
6.1


iftb
231
18.9

3
172
1T5
27b
18.7
sa
3
162
165
861
Jam
17.6
0*C


1ST
no
21.4

5
172
170
260
21*2
8.1
k
163
167
8U*
Mr
«.o
6.0


156
805
«.5

3
166
171
23b
26.9
6.0
1
151
158
sit
Aaftai
23 *b
7*9


ua
187
96X1

k
166
170
ibo
86.9
8*1
a
153
155
nr
a»ftw
18.7
7.?


ibo
189
19.6

3
159
165
>33
*0.7
8^

IbT
lb*
*xs
Oototow
11*8
6.1


1Sk
n5
15.5

k
lb6
1*9
tu
lb.0
8.2


Iht
197
¦wwtir
It.7
6.1


169
Ki*A*
b.b

U
156
161
222

8.1


1ST
tu
Mlwr
0.0
6*0


ITS
sbB
0.8

3
W5
166
236

8.0


165
230
Jtattolr J*|>

8.1


in



3.J
ur
MO
2kr

8J.


161
23b
AlWMll iT|«




it*



3.$
w
170
2b7




161
23b
• Hfcter Flart ftteorda
-------
Table 7. fordneta L-aad ftiterlng, Leaving, and Rgaalplog in Theoretical Storage; and Computed Hardneaa Load Lott frow, or Pained In, lap Quoded Matera
HjO Lb«t x 10^
ppm Hardneae
Hardneaa Lbs. x 1CP
Lbs. z lcP
(1)
Infirm
(2)
(Outflow
(3)
Retained In
Theoretical
Storage
(4) (5) (6)
Retained
Inflow Outflow In Thecr.
Storage
(7)
Inflow
(8)	(9)
Retained in
Outflow Theoretical
Storage
(10)
Sun Dis-
charged Plus
Retain*! Load
(11)	(12)
Colunn 7	Accumulation
MUaia	ai
ColumlO	Reservoir Floor
r. RANDALL RESERVOIR











530,731*
January
9?0,6h9
1,291,662
-321,013
292
2k9
270
283,430
321,6?4
-86,67)*
234,950
48,480
579,211
February

1,167,171
-108,726
307
259
203
324,943
302,297
-30,769
271,526
53,1*15
632,626
torch
2,1*08,189
1,664,1*34
603,755
182
266
224
452,fl50
1*46,059
180,014
628,100
-175,250
457,376
April
1,972,26$
3,628,450
-1,656,165
272
275
273.5
536,462
997,&2i*
-452,961
544,663
-8,401
446,975
Nay
5,^35,655
11,520,27)
1,315,582
260
267
263.5
1.517,322
1,206,913
346,65*
l»f53,56?
-36,^ 7
422,726
June
It, 319,131
4,221,278
97,653
227
268
21*7.5
980,1*43
1,131,303
2k,219
1,155,522
-175,079
237,61*9
July
li» 965,076
11,112,723
8U2,3$3
21?
231
225
1,091,732
956,969
189,529
I,lli6,li9e
-54,766
182,863
Auguat
1*, 0^0,793
5,342,764
-1,?Q1,?91
201
226
214.5
812,199
1,218,155
-279,277
938,878
-136,679
56,201*
Septertwr
k,782,303
5,160,666
-376,365
181
106
liiS
879,941*
51*7,031
-5U,663
i.92,168
387,776
443,960
October
5,332,727
4, 956,807
375,920
220
197
206,5
1.173,200
976, 491
78,379
1,054,670
118,330
562,310
Noreaber
*,9143,750
1,556,409
1,367,341
255
203
229
750,656
315,951
317,701
633,652
117,Otf*
679,311*
December
1,515,093
1.553,147
-3«,054
289
210
249.5
U37,862
326,161
-9,494
316,*67
121,195
800,509
269,776#
GARRISON RESERVOIR
January
1,376,466
1,056,51*3
319,925

270


265,267




February
1,615,393
1,121,506
1*93,687
250
292
271
1*03,81*6
327,1*60
133,81*3
1*61,323
-tf,475
-57,1*75
March
2,394,332
897,123
1,1,97,209
212
296
251*
501,596
265,Si*B
360,291
{1*5,839
•138,21a
-195,716
April
5,514,299
2,250,506
3,255,793
218
268
253
1,202,117
650,1*50
823,716
1,474,166
-272,01*9
-1*67,765
May
5,110,651
6,i*i*3,360
-1,332,706
222
211*
218
1,134,565
1,378,879
-290,530
1,088,31*9
46,216
-2*21,51*9
June
6,1*80,599
3,757,831*
2,722,765
177
203
190
1,11*7,066
762,61*0
517,325
1,280,165
•133,099
-551*, 61*8
July
6,R75,617
1*, 732,561
2,11*3,256
1B6
191*
190
1,270,902
918,117
1*07,219
1,325,336
-1*6,1*31*
-601,062
August
5,278,636
1*,371,319
907,317
223
182
202.5
1,177,136
795,580
163,732
979,312
197,821*
-1*03,258
September
4,651,006
1*,986,066
-331*, 060
240
186
213
1,116,961
927,780
-71,155
856,625
260,336
-11*2,922
October
5,690,163
5,365,616
324,547

226


1,223,360




November
2,1*80,578
2,615,398
-131*,820
256
21*0.5
286
635,028
629,003
-33,1*35
595,566
39,1*60
-103,1*62
DeoMber
2,070,1*10
1,51*7,1*39
522,971
300


621,123





As of Decwber 31, 1954.
§ Accumulated in 1955•
Table 8. Alkalinity Uaa Entering, La»vi.Tg, ami Retained in Theoretical Store**'. end CqwpaUd Altalinlty Load Uet free, or Qaiaed in, Iwpcwnded Mate re


pp* Alkalinity
lb a.
Alkalinity * Ifr3

Lbi. z 10^

(i)
Inflow
w
Outflow
(3)
Retained in
fheoretloai
Storage

569,956
622,789
-195,299
627,1*90
-37,531*
1*69,076
September
139
144
liil
661*,71*0
71*3,136
-53,31*9
669,767
-25,047
464,031.
October
146
136
142
769,244
676,126
53,361
727,507
61,737
525,766
ferrafcar

139





a
525,766 in
Deeaaber
165
31*3
161*
260,292
222,100
-6,21*1
215,659
64,1*33
590,201 to









116,956 m
OAJUUSOI 0SERVOIH









January

181*







February
170
190
180
274,617
213,086
57,586
270,672
3,91*5
3,945
Kareh
153
196
175
366,333
177,630
262,062
1*39,61*2
-73,309
-69,364
April
119
181
150
656,202
406,790
468,369
897,159
-21*0,957
•310,311
May
156
152
154
797*262
979,391
-205,237
774,154
23,106
-267,213
Jane
122
liOi
133
790,633
51*1,158
362,128
903,256
-112,613
-399,6)6
July
135
11*8
11*1
926,235
700,1*19
302,199
1,002,616
-74,363
-474,119
Augnet
156
130
11*3
683,1*7
568,271
129,71*6
696,017
125, WO
-31*6,769
MptWtlT
160
11*1
ISO
7144,61*1
703,317
-50,109
653,206
9M33
-«57,336
ODWbcr







1
-257.336 tt
weramher
166
160
163
101,776
1*16,1*61*
-21,976
396,1*66
15.206
-242,046 m
miiwfr
190
170
100
393,378
263,065
94,13$
357,200
36,176
-20S,6f0 tM
A* «f 9*mbw », 1954.
AwmlaWd U 195$.
-------
Table 10. Iyer age Monthly Oxygen Concentration, j£ Saturation

Above
Garrison
Reservoir
Garrison
Reservoir
Below
Garrison
Das
Mandan
M3 bridge
Chamberlain
Ft.
Randall
Reservoir
Below
PL Randall
Dam
Yankton
Jan

89
106
100
88
89
86
97*
92
Feb
76
88
100
98
87
95
90
90*
91
Mnr
83
86
99
88
82
87
96
94*
91
Apr
99
99
117
93
104
96
96
125*
87
%
96
97
116
96
89
88
98
126*
93
Jan
86
90
124
93

85
84
122*
92
Jul
83
85
116
96
92
87
89
124*
90
Aug
86
81
114
89
98
84
81
75#
94
Sep
85
93
120
92
86
80
79
87#
98
Oct





93
83
79#
97
Bar
96
84
126
91
90

93
93#
100
Dm
91
97
117
98
102
95
96
96#
98
1955 M> Avg
88.1
89.9
114
94
91.8
89
89.2
100.6
93.6
*	flood control discharges.
#	Power plant discharge*.
-------
Tablt lit Aringi Monthly Mltrogan Conowitratlop. pp>

Organic
kh3
HOj
»3
Organic
HHj
NOj
K03
Organic
IR3
NO2
MO3


ABOTI GARRISON RESERVOIR


1ABR1S0N RESERVOIR


BELOW GARRISON DAM

Jamary




0.59
0.1
0.0
0.07
0.60
0.1
0.0
0.06
February
1.1
0.1
0.0
0.25
0,73
0.1
0,0
0.12
0.61
0.1
0.0
0.12
March
0.66
0.1
0.005
0.26
0.9b
0.1
0.0
0,22
0,07
<0.1
0.0
0.23
April
2.76
0.1
0.01
0.36
1.72
<0.1
0.0
0.26
1.60
<0.1
0.0
0.25
Itaj-
1.31
<0.1
0.0
0.32
1.16
<0.1
0.005
o.U
1.16
<0.1
0.002
0,31*
Jwam
2.5
0.05
0.005
0.27
0.70
0.1
0.005
0.3b
0.70
0.15
0.005
0.3b
juljr
1.73
<0.1
0,0
0,26
0.73
0,1
0.005
0.26
0.79
0.2
0,015
0.26
Aucutt
0.58
<0.1
0.0
0.70
i.oe
<0,1
0,002
0.21*
1.06
<0.1
0.002
0.31
8*pt«ab«r
0.7b
O.U
0.0
0.17
0.8b
0.1
0.0
0.21
0.63
0.1
0.0
0.28
Octebar




0.0b


0,22
o.5o


0.22
Hot—bar
0.64
0,1
0.0
o.u
0.67
0.1
0.005
0.21
0.15
0.1
0.005
0.27
O»o»*b*r
0.86
o,b
0,0
0,3?

O.b
0.0


0.3
0.0

ATtngi
1.36
0.12
0.002
0.33
o.ei
0.10
0.002
0,23
0.61
0.10
0.002
0.2b


MAN DAM



HOERIDOE


PI
ERRX

January
0.65
0.2
0.0
0.08

0.2
0.0

0.86


0.02
pabxuarjr
0.6&
0.2
0.0
0.12

0.1
0.0

0.6b


0.0b
March
1.5b
0.2
0.01
0.3b

0,2
0,0

1.26


0.02
April
1.36
0.1
0.002
0.30

<0.1
0.0

0.99


0.2
*"/
0.8b
0.1
0.002
0.33

0,2
0.0

0.86


0.3
JUJW
1.31
<0.1
0.002
o.bo

0,1
0.005

o.?li


0.16
July
o,?2
0.15
Q.OOl
0.27

<0.1
0.0

1.31*


0.12
Augu«t
0,69
<0.1
0.0
0.27

0.1
0.0

1.0b


o.ob
teptaabar
1.00
0.1
0.0
0.22

<0,1
O.o

1.22


0.09
Oetoter
0.60


0.22




1.3b


0,05
fovnbtr

0.1
0.0


0.1
0.0

l.k3


0.06
Ifceaabar
0.60
0.2
0.0
0.23

0.35
0.0

1.00


0.06
Awh*
0.96
0.12
0.003
0.26

0.12
0.000b

1.07


o.u


CHAMBERLAIN


FT. RANDALL KESKBVOHl


BBLOW R.
RANDALL fitf

January
0,7b
<0.1
0.0
0.03
1.01
0.1
0.0
0.07
0.7S
0.2
0.0
O.U
rabruary
0.96
0.1
o.o
0.0b
0.57
0.0
0.0
0.03
0.53
0.0
0.0
0.03
Hareh
1.37
0.1
0,006
0,3
1.00
<0,1
0.0
0.02
1.01
<0.1
0.0
0.02
April
1.18
0.05
0.002
0.1
1.36
0
wv
0.0
0.02
1.27
0.5
0*0
0.02
*¦7
0.6b
0.1
0.0
0.37
0.6k
<0.1
0.002
0.02
0.66
0.1
0.002
0.02
JlIM
0.68
<0.1
0.0
O.bS
o.ei>
0.1
0.03
0,03
0.79
0.15
0.016
0,03
July
1.16
<0.1
0,0
0.02
1.32
<0.1
0.03
0,22
1.12
<0.1
0.012
0.30
August
1.00
<0,1
0,002
0,03
1.02
<0.1
0.002
0.12
1.0b
<0.1
0.002
0.18

1.05
0.1
0.0
0.06
0,9k
0.1
0,0
O.OT
0.96
0.1
0.0
0.07
Ootobar
l.lii
<0.1
0.0
0.0lt
1.12
0.15
0,0
0,09
1,22
0.1
0.0
0,08
Murawbar
1.19


0.05
l.bO
0,1
0.0
0,08
1.05
0.1
0.0
0,15
Dacaabar
0.66
0.1
0.0
0.08
0.92
o.b
0.0
o.ofl
0.92
O.U
0.0
0.06
Awifl
0,97
0,10
0,001
0,12
1,01
O.lil
0.006
0.07
0.91i
0.15
0.003
0,12


XAHirrON



GNAHA


C0UV01L 6UDFF8

January
0.80
<0.1
0.0
0.29


0.0


0.55
0.005

Hbrury
0.60
<0.1
0.0
0.30


0.0


0Ji2
0.006

Harah
1.16
0.15
0.0
0.0b


0.005


1.20
0.010

April
1.2b
<0,1
0,0
O.Oli


0.003


0.55
0.17


0.50
<0.1
0.002
0,02


Tr.


0.30
0.005

*»
0.78
<0.1
O.oib
o.oe


0,001


0.50
OJX6

Mr
1.15
<0.1
0,00$
0.05


o^ob


o.bl
0.006

tocul
0.97
0,1
0.0
o.ob


0,00$


0*32
0.005

Mptotar
1,00
<0.1
0.0
o.oe


0,00$


0.38
0.00b

Ortafeav
i,ab
<0.1
0.0
0.0}


0.005


0.50
(MXfc

llllWtT
1.20
0.2
0.0
0.06


0.005


oja
0,00b

PuiidfcT
0.91
O.J
0.0
0.06


0.085


0,»
0^05

A«W
0.96
0.10
0.008
0.U


0,00$


0.50
©~007

-------
tibia 13. ATmrOCT Monthly Phoapfaoroaa Coooaotration. ppn




total Phosphorous




Phoaphataa

ABOVS 0AR8IS0N
KSSHITOIR
GARRISON
RESREWOIR
BELOW (JAMISON
UK
MAKSIM
FTERHE
CHAMBERLAIN
IT. RANDALL
RESERVOIR
BELCH FT.
RANDALL DIM
IAHKTCN
COUNCIL BLUFFS
jaaoai?

0.028
0.028
0.10
0.18
0.18
0.20
0.2i»
0.20
0.0
Mnujr
0.20
0.09
0-10
o.u»
0.21
0.21
0.18
0.18
0.20
0.0
March
0.11
o.oe
O.Olt
0.U2
0.2ii
0.27
0.21;
0.13
0.22
0.0
April
lJjlt
o.oe
0.11
0.22
0.17
0.21
0.16
0.25
0.26
0.0
»jr
0.J2
0.20
0.20
0.22
0.22
0.25
0.22
0.21
0.18
0.0
Job*
0.56
0.17
0.20
0.21i
0.22
0.16
0.16
0.1S
0.1?
0.0
JtoIj
0.52
0.06
0.0k
O.Uii
0.16
0.11
0.15
0.1S
0.17
0.0
Input
0.17
0.10
0.06
0.21+
0.20
0.18
OJJt
0.16
0.16
O.S
1«r* wl»r
0.22
0.72
0.70
0.22
0.25
0.22
0.25
0.27
0.22
o.e
October

0.21
0.22
0.29
0.26
0.21
0.27
0.26
0.26
1.0
-	—
0.56
oai
0.16

0.27
0.71
1.12
0.58
0.88
o.S
H»i ¦Jul'
0J»7


0.27
0.21
0.28
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.2
Ararat*
0Jt3
0.22
0.16
0.25
0.22
0.2li
0.27
0.2lt
0.26
0.25
Table 12. Anna Jowl nitrogen and Total Fhoaphorona Concentration, B«

total Phoaphorouo
Organic nitrogen

Amionia Nitrogen

Nitrite Nitrogen

Nitrate Nitrogen

1952-53
195b
1955
1952-53
1951i
1955
1952-53
1951
1955
1952-53
1951»
1955
1952-53
195U
1955
ABOVE GAEHISOi 8B3EKTOIH

0.31
oJ<3

0.72*
1.36

O.Ob*
0.12

0.0*
0.002

0.18»
0.33
aumsai heservoir

0.18
0.22

o.5&»
0.81

0.08»
0.10

0.0*
0.002

0.10»
0.23
below aumoi out

0.U1
0.16

0.56»
0.81

O.XO»
0.10

0.0*
0.002

0.10*
0.21*
wuu

0.26
0.25

0.59*
0.96

0.10»
0.12

0.0*
0.003

0.16*
0.26
nam
0.09b
0.22
0.22
0.75
o.Ut
1.07






0.08
0.008
0.11
cumuD
0.061
0.20
0.2lt
1.01
0.38
0.97
0.35
0.10
0.10
0.0
0.0
0.001
0.08
0.05
0.12
Ft. BANTHIJ. KSERTOIB

0.28
0.27
0.70
0.35
1.01
0.29
0.18
o.ilt
0.0
0.0
0.006

0.01
0.07
EBLtSf FT. RANDALL DAM
0.065
0.21
0.2l>
0.63
0.32
0.9l»
0.29
0.09
0.15
0.0
0.0005
0.003
0.11
0.006
0.12
ZURTOH
0.063
0.37
0.26
0.75
0.14
0.96
O.I4O
0.10
0.10
0.0
0.0
0.002
0.11
0.03
0.11
CMUU
0.097


0.80


o.U5
0.147

0.002
0.0
0.005
0.15


ooacn turn








0.50


0.007



• Mir - Imte weotfa aejj.
-------
labia lit* Moat ftaaaroua Oraanlaa»a at lach Station In Oaacandlna Ordar

ABOVt OARRISOH
RISDWOIR
QARRISON
RFSKRVCTR
BELOW QARRISOi
DAM
'MAMEMNt tf. DUR.
M.V. INTAJT?
MOBRIIDS, S. DAK.
V.W. IMTAJCS
MISSOURI RIVER AT
PIWR1, S. DAK.
CHAMffiWAIN, 8. DAK.
U.W. IITTAKX
J«MUU7

Aatarlonalla
Buglana
Hetarotrlchalea ap.
Aatarlonalla
tuglana
tiatarotrichalaa ap*
Aatarlonalla
Ratarotriehalaa ap.
IkctylocoeOopaia
Aatarlonalla
Hatarotrichala a ap
Qaetyloeoeoopaia
Aatarlooalla
. Hatarotrlobalaa ap.
Anklatrodaama A
Chlaaydaoooaa gr*
Aatarlonalla
Hetarotdchalaa ap.
Cyelo.-Staph. gr. A
Chlaaydcattau gr.
February
Cyclo.-Staph. gr.*
Navleula gr*
DM t yl oc oo o op a la
Aatarlonalla
Diatcna alongatun
Daetyloooeoopela
Aaterlooalla
Olatooa alongatuai
Dactyloooooopaia
DiatcM alongatoa
Aatarlooalla
Daotyloooooopaia
Aatarlooalla
Diatoao alongatoa
Dae t yloo oeo opala
Aatarlonalla
Katarotrlebalaa ap.
Hatarotrlchalaa ap.
Daotyloooooopaia
Aatariopalla
Haroh
Navleula gr.
Cfalaaydoaonaa gr.
Nltaaohla gr. h
Rhlaoaolanla gr.
Cyelo. chMt.l
Daotyloooeeopala
Aatarianalla A
Dlatoau alongatuai
Cyclo. cheat>
Aatarloialla
Dlatoaa aloDgatw
Aatarlonalla
DMtyl4coocopaU
O&atoiu aloncatuai
Qactylooocoopala
Aatarlooalla
Rhlaoaolaola gr.
Dactylxoccopala
Aatarlonalla
Navleala gr.
Dactylocoocopala
Aatarlonalla
Aakia trodaaoua
April
Nitaaohi* gr.
Dlatoma Tulgara
Cyelo.-Staph. gr.
Cyclo. chaat
Aatarlonalla
Rhlaoaolanla gr.
Cjrelo. chaat
Aatarlonalla
Rhlaoaolanla gr.
Aatarlonalla
Dactyloooooopala
Dlatona alongatw
Chloralla
Aatarlonalla
Dlatona aloigatw
Aatarlooalla
ChlaaydoMou gr.
MatOta alongatqai
DlAtooa alongatuat
Aatarianalla
Cyolo,-Staph, gr.

Aatarlonalla
MltliChl* gr.
ChlMydownaa gr.
Cyelo.-Staph. gr*
Aatarlonalli
Chl«ydooanaj gr*
Cyelo.-Staph gr.
tuglana
Chlor.Ua
Cyolo.-Staph, gr*
Aatarlooalla
DlAtaw alongAtu
Cyelo.-Staph, gr.
Aatariooalla
Chlaaytowaiaa gr.
Cyolo.-Staph, gr.
Aatarianalla
Chlanydaaonaa gr.
Cyelo.-Staph. gr.
Aatarlonalla
ChlMQrdoaaaaa gr.
Am
Nltaachla gr.
Rarioul* gr.
Surlralla
Cyolo.-Staph. gr.
Aatarlonalla
Trachelomonaa
Cyelo.-Staph, gr.
Euglana
Navleula gr.
Rhlaoaolaola gr.
Pra^llarla «pp.
Cyelo.-Staph, gr*
Cyelo. ohaat.
Rhltoaolaala gr.
Cyelo.-Staph. gr.
Cyelo.-Staph. gr.
Rhlaoaolanla gr.
Aatarlonalla
Cyelo.-Staph. gr.
Rhlaoaolaola gr.
Aatarlooalla
July
Cyolo.-Steph. gr.
Rhlaoaolaola gr.
Scenadannia bljuga
Chlaaydooonaa gr.
Navleula gr,
Trachaloaonaa
Navleula gr.
Dlatoaa vulgar*
Coolaatrun
Mavieula gr.
Rhiaoaolania gr.
Schroadaria
RhltoaolanlA gr.
SoHroadarta
Marlaula gr.
Cjrolo.-Stajh. gr.
Rhlaoaolaola gr.
Navlcula gr*
Cyclo • -Stajti. gr*
Rhlaoaolaola gr.
Navlcula gr.
Auguat
Navleula gr.
Rhlaoaolenia gr.
Nltaachla gr.
Aphaniccmanon
Chlanydoannaa gr*
Cyclo.-Staph, gr.
AphanltcMAon
Cyclo.-Staph, gr.
Buglana
MtfleulA gr.
Rhlaoaolaola gr.
OacLUatorla gr.
Rhiioaola&la gr.
Narlcrula gr*
Stioboeoeeua
Cydo.-Staph gr.
Rhlaoaolaola gr.
Cyclo. ohaat*
Cyelo.-Staph. gr.
Rhlaoaolaola gr*
Navleula gr.
Saptaabar
Rhlaoaolanla gr.
Navleula gr.
Cyelo.-Staph. gr.
Cyelo.-Staph, gr.
Aphanizomenon
Cyolo.-Staph, gr.
AphaniftOMoon
Aiglana
Cyolo.-Staph, go.
Aphaninnanon
OaelUataria gr.
Cyelo.-Staph, gr.
Aphanltcnanon
Navieula gr.
Cyelo.-Staph. gr.
Rhlsaolaola gr.
Navlcula gr.
Cyolo.-Staph, gr.
Rhlaoaolaola gr.
Navleula gr.
October

Cyclo.-Staph. gr.
Aphanlzonenon
Buglana
Cyclo,-staph, gr.
Aptianlaoaanon
Diatoms vulgara
Cyolo.-Staph, gr.
Aphanisoaanoa
larloula gr.

Cyelo.-Staph. gr.
Aphanlaonanon
Navlcula gr.
Cyclo.-Staph, gr.
Aphanlaonanon
Navleula gr.
Noveaftar
Synadra gr.
Navlaula gr.
Cyclo.-Staph. gr.
Cyolo.-Staph, gr.
Euglana
Aatarlonalla
Cycle.-Staph, gr.
Guglana
Oloaoojratla
Cyelo.-Staph, gr.
NaTloula gr.
Aatarlonalla
Cyclo.*Starli. gr.
Aphaolioaanon
Dlatoaa vulgar*
Cyclo.-Staph, gr.
Aphanianoannn
Navleula gr.,
Nltaaohla gr., A
Oloaocyatla
Cyolo.-Staph, gr*
AphanLaoawnen
Cyelo. chaat.
Dacaaibar
Cyelo.-Staph. gr.
Eugleoa
Oaotylococoopala A
Cyelo. ohaat.
Cyolo.-Staph, gr.
Buglana
Aatarlonalla
Cyolo.-Staph, gp.
Euglam
Aatarlonalla
Cyolo.-Staph, gr.
Aatarlonalla
Itevleula gr.
Cyalo.-Staph, gr.
Aatarlonalla
Buglana
Cyclo.-Staph, gr.
Oloaocyatla
tuglana
Cyelo.-Staph, gr.
Aatarlooalla
Ruglana

FT, RANDALL
RWERVOIR
BELCH
FT. RANDALL DM
NIOBRARA RXTKR AT
K10BRARA, RE8R.
TAXKTOM, S. DAX.
W.W. IKTA«
OMAHA > NIB.
V.V. INTAXS
council awns, u.
W.y. INTARS

Jmu*iy
Aatarlonalla
ChlMydaaunaa gr.
Buglana
Aatarlonalla
Chluqrdoaonaa gr.
Euglana

Aatarlonalla
Aakiatrodaams
fTAChalOMDM
Chloralla
Ohla^rddMOM gr.
Cyole.-Staph, gr.
Chlaoydaaciiaa gr.
Chloralla
Oloaocyatla

Frtreuy
Aatarlonalla
Ohlaoytoaonaa gr.
Euglaoa
Aatarlonalla
Buglana
Chlaoydooonaa gr.

Aatarlooalla
Aatelatrodaawoa
CUa^fdflaunaa gr.
Aatarlooalla
Cyolo.-Staph, gr*
Chla^ydooaoaa gr.
Chla^rdaoeoaa gr.
Aatarlooalla
Chloralla

Kareh
Aatarlonalla
Anklatrodaaama
toglaoa
Aatarlooalla
ChlaoyCooonaa gr.
Suglana

Aatarlonalla
Fragllarla ^p.
Ratarotrlobalaa ap.
AatarlQMlla
Mltaaohia gr.
Syuadra gr*
Utaaohla gr.
Aatarlooalla
SyaalOi-9tafk< gr*
MvlealA gr.
ttlMNlaaU gr*
Cyalo.-Staph, gr*

AOgU«t
Chlaagrtaaooaa gr*
Coooaoaoaa
Cyolo,-Staph. gr.
Chlaa^ytkauoaa gr.
Oaaaeaanaa
Gyclo.^tapta. gr.
AakiatradaaMM
thlaoaftlaftla gr*
CyrtMUi
dklamrdoMBMa gr*
Qroloa^taph* gr*
AnklAtradnMMA
Cyelo,-Staph, gr*
Rhlaoaolaola gr.
tfavlwlA gr*
Cyclo.-Staph, gr.
Navlaala gr*
Bletjreeplwrl*

Mwtir
Oyclo.-Staph. gr*
mil wajiliwaiaiaa gr.
Qyolo.-Staph. gr.
Chla^daacoaa gr*
Goaaooooaa

Cyola*-Staph. gr. *
Ohla^rdooBnaa gr.
Batarotrlohalaa ap.
Cjrelo.-Staph. gr.
terlevla gr*
Oyelo.-Staph* gr*
Navloala gr*
BAatyti^haarlaa

Oataiwr
Cyolo.-Staph. gr*
Stlehooooeua
Mavieula gr*
Cyclo,-Staph. gr*
Stlohococeqa
Navlaula gr.
VwlOftU |r*
IMgllarU apy.
iakUUn+mm
SUttbOOOMM
VatioaUi gr*
Q)Ptla.4tapli. gr.
8tt*woa«0
Navloila gr*
Qyela.-St^h. gr.
lUtlNMH
Navloola gr«
Qyalo. Staph, gr*

lewMfcar
NtflotiU gr*
StlafccaoOOU
Cyelo.-Staph gr. A
¦eglaaa
•tlahoeaoow
80am. qwdrlMate
Oy*l4«-Sto]!fe. gr.

1ot1«b1a gr*
Qyala.-Staph, gr.
StlaboBsooiia
IatImU gr*
Oy»lo.aHapfc. gr*
Rhlaoaalili gr*
Q|«l9.-8«9A. gr*
Ssvta»l« gr* .
JiUiiaUilg gr*

Haaaribar
gr*
OklMgrtacsM gr*
Cyelo.-Staph, gr*
BtUlOAa
Chliayda—a gr.

Mrta«U gr.
Qralo. ttaah. gr*
buim WigAra
gr*
tayh. gr*
B«1«m
Maairtwla gr.

# OllUWUl llMtMmi
MOFIi
In all iwia m«mb tn
waga A NoImb aaasta
im oaa MBtk am -Uw
a
¦Hi ad| aa aaagla «aa
aallaatoA for that mm*
-------
Table 15. Average Plankton Concentration, Wo. per ml.

Average Maximum
Average-
Maximum
Average
Maximum
Average
Maximum
Average
Maximum
ABOVE QARRISON
QARRISON
RESERVOIR
BELOW QARRISON
MANDAN
MOBRIDQE
January


1*25
868
ll50
795
25C
1*08

193*
February

12*
206
239
196
21*3
159
222

227*
March

12*
U5
853
387
670
200
253

160*
April

33*
711
1,397
982
1,787
1*12
578

1,592*
Kay
107
131
26k
529
307
710
506
607
129
200
June
3U
1*0
23
70
li6
130
57
85
686
1,263
July
59
106
31
72
38
91
1*1*
91*
213
298
August
70
121*
20
58
15
23
50
67
as
266
September

135*
69
85
58
88
118
222

ll*6*
October


173
2l»7
192
286
221*
299


Noranbar
10b
11*9
106
1U6
110
11*6
92
132

257*
December
25
30
1*8
1*9
1*1*
1*8
32
36

23*
PIERRE
CHAMBERLAIN
FT. RANDALL
RESERVOIR
BELCW
FT. RANDALL
NIOBRARA RIVER
January
206
215
276
302
225
253
230
290


February
2l*0
287
31*5
i*ii
323
357
271*
312


March
119
197
198
300
1*36
555
322
1*1*7


April
252
390
850
1,103
258
1*1*1*
321
1*28

83*
May
233
386
69
100
1,116
1,522
61*0
1,111*
10,035
18,015
June
132
151*
1*02
1,172
101*
196
82
108

3,200*
July
332
361*
179
iae
1*6
70
22
35

17,929*
Auguat
1*51*
811
51*1*
9U3
1(01
965
3U9
906

8,591*
September

ll*2*
106
172
390
6ll*
1*15
721*


October
393
1*1*7
36U
U73
269
1*95
271*
566
282
325
Hovenber

21*3*
137
376
59
171
1*1*
73


Deoeaber
28
31*
21
26
82
1U*
67
91


xahkton
OMAHA
COUNCIL BLUFFS
January
106
132
326
1*62
268
375
February
150
192
120
151*
92
106
March
123
182
ltf
70
36
52
April
161
31*5
90
197
60
us
Hay
1,067
1,986
270
270
325
325
June
201
312




July
297
376
220
306
363
563
August
550
791
371
578
*3
578
September
51*3
1,088
306
1*75
370
5W
October
255
31*0
263
31*8
232
327
November
39
61
62
78
81*
92
Dewaber
32
1*5
686
1,61*2
368
53b
• Only a» reoord.
-------
Table 19, Susjaarj of Individual Physical and Chemical Analyses - Niobrara River
lear - 1955
4/8
5/9
5/17
5/23
5/31
6/27
7/25
8/30
10/6
10/31
Teoperafocra °C
25
17.5
23

22
20
29
21
U
13.5
Turbidity f>pa
350
180

210

260

310


pa
8.0
8.2
8*4

8.2
8.2
8.5
8.4
8.2
8.0
OO3 Alk. ppa
4
10
16

8
10
20
12
10
0
HCO3 Alk. ppm
136
125
105

HI
116
116
107
105
126
Oxygen % Sat.
91
95
103

95
91
76
93
88
104
*3* PS*
0
0.1
0

0.1
0.1
0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
*>2*VS*
0
0
0

0.005
0
0
0
0.005
0
*Q± PP*
0
0
0

0
0
0
0
0
0
-------
Tabic 20** Individual Plankton Analyses - Above Garrison Raaarvolr
far -> 1955	2/15 3/11 h/12 5/3 5A? 6/7 6/22 7/6 7A? 8/9 8/2? 9/28 UA 11/26 12/9 12/22
PHTTOI'UNKTBRS
BLUE-GREEN ALOAE
Aphanieonenoo
Dact/lococcopals
Oaclllatorla gr.
nUOtf-OREEN ALGAE
DIATOHS
Aat«rlonalla
1
1

6
55
3


3


5
3
P

r
Coeeonala











2




Cyelotalla ehaatocarae








1

l


7
5

Cyelotalla sp.










3


2
2

Cycltrtalla-StephanodiBcua gr.
5

h
1
6
1
1

26
k
9
12
19
U
6
2
Cywballa




1

2
1




1



Diatou Tul«4r«


7
10
6
2
I*
2
2

5

5



Pragilaria erotonensis








P

P
8




OoophoMma



2






1

1



Oyroiign* gr.



2






1





Malosira (a)







P
2
1
2
P
1



Maloaira (b)








P







Karleula gr.
3
U
1
15
9
6
6
2
7

30
22
17
9

3
Mitsachla gr.
1
2
15
lit
2li
9
7
3
U
1
17
5
15
U
1
2
Rhlaoaolanla gr.

2


10

1

IB

30
58
5
12

2
Surlralla


3
6
7

7





3



Syiwdi* gr*


2



3
1
2


5
78
3

2
XAJrTHOreTCEAE
















HatcrotrlchaLles sp.











3

7

2
GREEK AUUUE
















Actinaatru*






1

3
1
1





AnkUtrodaamus




1



1

3
1

b


Chlangrdononaa gr*

3
1
17
5
2
2

5




3
1
1
Chlorella
1













1

Cloatariopais	1
Coeccmonu	3	3
Coalaatrm	1	]i
Croeigania quadrata	^
Crudigmia tatrapadla	1
Diatyoaphaarium	1
OloeoojatU	1	13	1	5	2	1*
Fanderlna	12	2
Seanadaanua bljiiga	1	17	U
Scanadaaaua d&norphua	^	X
SotfMdemua quadrieauda	1	1
gtlcfcoooooua	1	11	1
Tatraadron duosplnua	1
Tatraadron quAdratun	1
HJOlWWm
ywgiff	3	2	2	1	6	2
Fhaova	1
fruhalcnanu	315	212	1	1
nofum
PSOKZGA
Protosoa ap«	11
ffcnafciUdia*	k
Tortloalla	1
TOUl	12 U 33 63 131 29 W) IS 106 W 121i U5 1W S» » 20
-------
Tabla 20b. IndlrlctuAl PUmirtjn Analyaas - Otrrl aon ftaaarvolr (Cont,.)
*172"
eh yV Vxu 6/20 6726 7/5 ' 7/U 7/lcl 7/25	8A 6/8 ' 6/1$ 6/22
Arubaana
Aphanltonwmon
Daotyloouccopai#
OiellUtorU gr.
AateriOftall*
Cyolotall* chMtocaraa
Cyolot«ll* »p.
Cjrolotella-Staphanodlacu
Dlatcm ¦longMu*
DUUjm vulgar*
Friton«rjila
Prnfi)*rU «p.
Hsloalra (b)
Navloula gr.
HLttaehlA gr.
Hhlaaaolaila gr.
SuriraUa
Synadr* gr.
ttJfTHOFHXCttK
H«t*rotricbalea ap.
CHRXSCIWlfCEAE
Dinobryon
Mailoswnaa
OR£H) AlHAt
iotl^Bitrun
Aolriatrodaanua
Chlaagrdoaorvaa gr.
Cblortil*
Cloat*rlopala
CoaU*trw
Cmolgstla quadrata
EUkAt4ttulX
Oloaocyatia
L*gtrhalala quadrlaata
f	wr»tlal«»i«oala
ManotlBlia
Ooeyatia
PlMlrtoapMarlt
AptuarMTatia
StlcMeoccui
T«trMtnw alagan*
BuotBtomm
Baglana
TneMloaienM
15
k
HWTOK*
Codottll*
Dtfflacia «p*
frovmm •».
Strwbttiene
VortiMlU
MOTIF—
oenuooot
0*ti*oo4a ap.
oonraa
8$ U5
JW
-------
T«bl« SOb. ImHrldml Plankton Analy—• - 3*rrl»on Htwnrolr (Cont.)
Iwr • 1955
6/29 9k 9/^13 9/19 9/t6 10/3 10/10 ioA? nVzi lo7H u/j u/lii Xl/ai u/zfi u/5 12/12 12/19
pmarumtu
An*bMM
ApMnltOBMMn
Daet/loeMeopal*
OaelUitarU tr,
um-okzdi aloae
UT0M4
A«Urloi»UA
CyoloUU* ebeeteeeree
CyeLaUU* >p.
Cy«lot«lla-3t«ph*nodi«oua (r.
•lengatuM
BUVMft nUftrt
fk-«Cll*rl* erotoowai#
FMfllarU ap.
3 10 15 42 72 120	129 I# 99 116 93 80 55
Halo«lra (b)
MarlaUi gr.
KiiM«hl« gr.
ftiiaoaolmU cr#
6iarir*lit
Syn»dra 1*.
UIITKQPKTCUI
H*Wr«irioh*l>t ap.
CHRS0FHTCU1
OlfloMyon
Aotlaaatma
AntdatrodaOTua
ChluvdoMonM jr«
Chlaralla
ciort*ri«paia
CaeeoMOnM
Coaltatna
Cruolcanla quadrrta
DlstjrMptearla
Dilnt«thrix
Qloaocyatla
QolanklnLa
UgartwixU laedrlwte
ijfuttalaU mtlalwlaula
RtarMtiAin*
Ooejratlj
taadorljt*
frmwlani dinrptna
teimliM Qu4rluu4>
ftictoeooooa
XT
1
1
1 I
1
IBM.
UO*»»i««11tU»175 1UlMUiltT»UWH
-------
Ttbl* 20c. imttrtdiad Plmlctgn imiiiHi - Salon (Urrlaon Bui
I—f - 1?55 "	"	i/3 lAo lA? l/31 2/7 2/Ut 2/23 i/2& 3/T 3Ak 3/21 iTu 5758	JI/u, £755 6
Aptwaltonaaoa
Chroococcu«
Dactyloooceopeli
U
9
21
26
36
66
18
66
62
82
la
21
33


51
6
OaclUatorl* gr.












1




rELUM-OREZN AUUE
DIATOM)
A^hiprora

















Aatarlonalla
503
3JU
171
92
66
bb
32
27
13
27
38
119
72
219
221
125
26
Cyelotalla ehMtocwM










151

2&0
610
756

13
CjraloWUa tp.













11



Cyolotalla-SMphAnodiMua jr.
3
1

e
8
11
b
16
b
11
11

12
29
12
26
3
Cyaballa








1








Dlatbm alonfatim
10
13
Ut
29
IS
26
25
30
27
58
69
19
78
50
85
6b
It
D^AtOM TUltUV

















fragilarlA orotananata










P




2

PragUarla ap*











3


3


Oyroalga gr.



1










L

MaLoalra (•)

















iavloula gr.



1


1
1
2

2

1
1
2


Nltaachia gr.
5
5




1
2


1


1
5
8

Biiioaolanla sr.
y
2
It
16
7
12
3
10
6
lit
S9
12
Ut
225
210
1
11
SortralLa



1











1
1
Syoadra gr.

3



1




31

36
U



XANTHOPKTCUZ
ttotarotrlabala* ap.
9
1?
bl
11
31
2b
9
6
2
1
6
51
8
5
7
2
2
CHRnonrac&a
Dtnobryoo









1
U

20
81
51
45
7
Mlloaonu
3
1


2



1




3
1


3KZKN ALIUS
Aetlaaatrw
*
I
5

1

1



1
1
1
1



Ankiatrodaaaia
6
3
9
6
7
21
fa
1
9
16
U
6
16
20
lb
8
6
ChlMjrdotunaa jr.
U
15
1
lit
?
6
7
6
10
9
15
3
Ut
122
U5
20
6
OhloralU
7


2

1

5
7
7


7


36

Cloatarlopalx

















CKown**










2

3



6
CoalmatriBi
1












2



CnaolgaRia quadrat*
9
13
a
e
1
7

3
1

2
15
2
1
>


Ma tyoaphaarioM
fa
1

3
2
1

1
1
1

3
1
6
1

1
BeketeUirl*


2










2


1
aioaooy*tl«
lii


2
1
2



2



U
20
3

Ucartoalala quadrtaat*










3

1




UcwbaLala wr*tlilavl«n*la
Mphm/tlUB
Oooyatia
Fandcriis
f*di**trua duplex
RhlaaoluTBia
RbiMfllootai
1 M4m«
Soanadaawua ^MdrleaiKU
8ahco*dula
jphaa rxijitla
Htuutn pwlm*
tatraatra
tOothrix
vmmmru
Botlana
MffltfU a».
PutelMU
towns
Mjartiu* pUtiyptw*
11
1
A
1
M tus at in Ut m B» ITS <70 M»T X.5T] ¥* M
-------
Tabl* 20c, IndtylAiAl Planlrtan toilyaa - 8»low 0frl«tm Dm (Cont.)
fMr - 1955
17T
"175	?7X~
T/iT
6A 272 2/5E 6/w 2755 ?/5 r/ii 7755 573 5^ 875 a as e/aa
PHTTOfUHmna
ApMPlwmnon
Chroococcua
feolllatorla sr.
0U9QM8
lapfciprora
Actwi-OMUa
Cydottlla ebMtooaraa
Cyclotalla-at«ph«nodiBou» |r.
CytfwUa
Hi«tow «loi^*taa
DiaWaw ni|«r«
TrijUwli orotoMuli
FrtfllArla ap«
Qfroalcaui gr.
Naloalra (a)
Jtaricula gp.
WiUacftia sr.
|Ti
4uri*vll«
fljmadrt gr*
ietlAUtnm
inkletiedeeaBie
ChlMTdeaonaa gr.
ChtetU*
Clo«Uriap*ia
Comowdm
CotlMtn*
Ciuaift&la quadrats
DletyoipAMrluiB
EiakabeWvrlx
UioaooyftH
arhal »i a quadrlaat*
UftiteiJaU mtUlMflMala
Baphrooytlia
Ooejitti
Nndortna
PMUKrui ftiplas
Rhlaoohryaii
XtklMelanlun
Scamrta—la bijuga
9e«i*4*taua dlmrptaw
Seasadaaaua opoliwwla
SmamWinm quadrieauda
8ehread«rl«
BphMrooyati*
StMraatrw pv4amm
nuMmu
8tra*lU«Lw
ItrtlMlU
Monmt
fel/vtfen flilTptm
1W
1
A
«•*)•«!> MM, H*
-------
Takl* 20o. ipdHrjAul Plankton Analy—a - Salgv QarrLaon Dm (Coot.)
iMt - 19S5	57s5 575 9A3 ?A>	lo/io idA? io/ai» 10/31 uA UM ll/zi 11/^6 u/S uA2 12A?
nrtammm
Cfcrooewraa
DMtylaooeeopaia
Oaolllatorla gr.
CMslttnla qokdnt*
Bto t/o aptiMrltai
RalutettarlJi
Oloaoojatla
Lafwhslaia quadrlMta
U|«rbai«la wratitlJMlMHa
N«ptor9«|^laR
Ooeyatl*
hadtrSM
4a»lax
nasoehi7il*
aemattoana ddjaorpfcoa
•ohroadari*
Btli— iiwyitU
Titmtrai
OkrUirix
vnanraM
CtMtlai
hvtolN ap«
TorttMU*
VI
M^wttn plctyptara
5 21 13 it 18 1ft lii6	lit
Aitarlonalla	3	2	2	10	16
Cyolotall* obaatoearu	11	1	J
CTdoUUt Bp.
C^l«t^U-«tq»uwdlMua gr.	5	10	22	8	62	131	8O12Olli213112ltl0O	83	32211O	6
07*«U«
DLato* •loncatoi
Distort rulf M*	2	It	9	5
fMgllArlk arotoMMli	P	'
F«®U*rl« wp.
Mloaira (•)	?	t
¦•vlaula jr.	10	1	111
NltiwM* gr,	11	1
RhlBMOlaal* sr.
Sarlrtll*.
flyatdr* p*<
Halloamaa
n tTA**
Astlnaftrua
UditndMw
Chla^rdMrata gr.
Cliler all*
ClaitariaMta
It	B	2	7	I	1	3	2	11	5 li. a 13 1«	3
til
17$*UM 66l66uiUTl»Wllfa6il4llk4fc4ltlU
-------
Takla JOd. ladiriAt*! Waaltiwi iailrm - MimUn
i/3 iAo »At i/a i/n i/> »/ii a/a t/w y; yii, ya ya iiA ii/u ii/» I7g
HKtylacoMopala
Nottoo ft,
OnUlatorU gr.
fMUrtna 8*1m
7 1® 28 16 32 50 35 62
u io w at n ia 99 u
8*t«rl9»U*
0|*lat«lla ehMtooaru
2(5
IN
77
70
<3
3$
»
3b

33
26
53
31
209
UO
28b
82
Cyolotatta ap.

















0)il

3



t
4
^nrtri !?•


t

1



l
2







mMiau
tadllarU

















bt*r»M«b(U« if.
16
if
T
33
33
T
19
6
k


5
1
6
1
I
X
RiaUNlQUI
PUaltr/BM












I

9
33
1
liUtt
liUMMni
2
1
1
1


1





1

1


toktjtinfr—
0
6
T
1
9
3
7
3
b
6
2
It
11
3
15
1
4
niHydiaau p,
10
9
3

11

1


1


n
5
16
12
1
Chlarall*











3
m

131
V
*
81w««pi«p«la









1







OoalAwinai

















Bmlfita fmatttte

















Ornii—la piinu
16
Hi
10
T
&
8
2
3
5


1



1

trtufitti
BiWattiti












i




MrUi
Olw«|rwUe
16
k
1
1
3
1
1


k




s
1
V

lagartalrti nHrtirti
UgarfeaUto mitalwlaili
1


1
1







i

1


dMjwtia

















ill
a d*|M
Sin
3
J	4
¦imiguv*
m m ur »*
wmiiiuiMiitwtt
M >M
-------
Mte 2M» T-*W


Cjb1M«U* «.
56

*




3


67eleVel>e-»t^baoodl*eiie jr.
A
13
32b
100
1*19
7
9
8
it
3
CjfribvlU










IMiti alawftga
1
13
6
13
36
t


f

Dlitw UMlt
TW«*I— vni****
l









foflUrl* erotcoKwl*










M|lltrU •]».

17




24

9

gowjhn—M

3








dfraattfM gr.





1




NtlMlf* (•)





t


r

IUmUi (b)








i

RMMU gr>
3

1
b
1
5
1
3
12
6
Kltuekl* cr.
2
5
1.
2
it
l

6
3
I
HMIBllll p>
2
3
1
1
3
7
1
33
lb
3
awinu*

5
1ft
1$
3

1



*»d» p.










mmw
¦mIHiiIi










HvtorrtrlctialM bp.
$
5
16
it
5





nrMona
DLnobfjan
5









Bl AUUI
fcotlnwtra


V

2
2

1



a
1
8
7
2
3
2
i

k
a>ii*u
-------
Tatla 201. Infl-rtcWl Plankton toriym - Mandan (Cont.)
. 19SS	9/b 9m 9/19 v/rt 10/3 loAl 10A7 10/2U 10/31 13/7 XLflk U/21 U/?6 12/5 12/li 12/21 • 12/tt
mnowjwmRS
BLOt-QREEN &LQAX
Anabaana
uraafton
Daetylo«occopsli
Ho«Wc gr.
OaclllatarU gr.
Phoroldiua
TKU0W-0B2FN JLLQAK
DUTOKS
Amphora
latarlorwlla
Cyclotslla nhaaticeras
Cyclotflla up.
C/cloV«U»-3t«(jn»nodlscaB (
Cynballa
Dlatoma alcngatu*
Dlatama hlamala
r>l»tona vuXgar*
Frtglltri* crot3n«n»la
#p.
Oanptonaina
SymaigM jr.
Haloalra (a)
Halaalra (b)
Navicul* ge.
KltaachU sr.
fttilaoaolaaia gr.
aurlralli
Synadra gr.
UNTHoncrciM
^miliaria
Hatarotrtchalas ap.
CHHTSCfrHTSEU
DLoobrjron
inklrtntiaaMua
Chla^r«i®i
-------
Tatla Ka. Indlyidml PlanVton totlywi - Itobrldge
1/26 ZA5
T7$ t73 5^ a/gg 9/?» n/2 12/23
XMr * 1955
3A7
4/13 5V 5^8 6/6
6/21
rnRQWUflrrns















110401 ALOAE















iptUnttOMOCB





1


6

1
lit
25
30

Dte tjrloeeoe opsla
31
63
63
136

13

35


2




OielUitcrU (r.













1

ffUW-OOn AttAI















DIATOMS















iaWLoMll*
a
35
26
i.i.i
11
25
20
1

1



T
Ji
Ocelot*!!* (•)




1










Cyulot«ll4 tlmtactfM







537
k

2

1

1
CjQlotfU* «PP>





1



6
1




Cjralotall«-6t«phAno4i*oaa (r>
10
U

17
10
85
23
136
13
36
13

109
206
9
DUIcm •loni«(M
5
20
10
211

5

5







OLataM vulgar*













9

Pr«fU»rU «r«tonMwli



t











ymcUatU «Pt>.









9





Q7»o«l«M gr.





1
1








Nrtotira {«}






1








MncuU gp»
6


U

8
9
n
26
39
79
50

3
2
mtiMkit (r.
1

3
23

3
k
1


9
9



¦Mio#el«Fl« fT»
a

15
6b

5
12
197
JS
A
116
56
2
1

Sarlralla
1

1
3

b
6







1
SjMdn pi









1
2




XiMTKOPHSCBtf















H«Wrotrietal«» ap>
14
3?
5
9


1
9







CMOacPtCPJlAZ















Dloobryan


It
11











MaUoaaoM

1













OMDa AIMS















totinMtra*
*
1
1


1
3
»

7
5




Aaklftrodamu
13
15
9
61


1
W
31
23
z




fill iliwnif jr.
4
6

ia.
12
is
2
30
1
1
3
1



COOOMMUU









2





Ctalcr*U«
2
1

it#





2
X




Cl£»Urlopal*


1



3




1
1


Coalaatnui






3
Jl

2





Ciwolmla quadrcM
9
it

6

7

U


1
3



Cml|iBU Utrt^41i







1







DiatyoaphaartM

2
1
a


1
7

1
1




Aakfttotfcrfci






2
3







ttaeeeystia
S
3

1

1
7
1
2
10
1


J>

Uf itodali guadrlMt*







1







*mtialml«ials



2











Owyatis














1
PttutorlM





2









NdUvtras A^lei






1
I


1




hmtan dlaorpftua






1
5







8ewed«*w qajttrlnwit>






2
3
2

1
1



SeHreadarl*









ao
2




t|*Nn9itli






1
3







BVisheeownu



1



139
1
»
U
1ft



titmliw







1







TtlrMirw al»t—
1


2











aiothris


l»












HIBWvmiTl
iHtfua
It
10
1>
U
S
1

2
S

t
1


Jl
tiaafrlonw
I
1
1
10
ii
1
3
6


1
k


1
mijf-IWffff &OAI















nuNraioMB
Camtloi
SCOfLMRflM











1



PfWOtQA
HSfUfU *•



2









1

hrtow ape.
1


t



1



1



VotUmU*
>

1


1









SUwHUtiei
aorxfw










1




imton




1










leittell# M)d«irii





1









MttTOM (ft)




















1










mtt
19*
a»T
160
l)fft
SI
>00
V*

UB
CM
M
u»
1W
tSl
u
-------
TabI* 20f. Indlvl<*i«l Plankton Analyata - H«rr>		
Iw - 1955			^ ^ ^	^	^ ^ 5Al S/2S 6/6 f'/gP 7/5 7/^3 6/6 8/zO 9/6 loA 10A2 lQ/?6 ll/7 ISA 12A2
mropuuncTDis
0UT-G8E» ALOAI
2 23	21 163 112 30 9 1
JkpW®i»oi««ism
nmt.ylococcopal.fl	9 1? T> '>2 1	1 8	3	1	^
1 P
OacLlUtorU «r.
tELXCW-ORESK AIOjLE
aixr>e
Ut.rlon.lU	la 01. 60 62 7 36 189 1.3 13 79 W	U	1	13
Caiorwla	^
2	lp 106	1
Cyclot«ll» chaatoceras
11 3	1
Zyclaniu 5pp.
^l.u.U.-St.ph^dl.o,. sr. 13 10 6 11 1 li 9 U 5 200 62 30 111 71 291. 1? 53 W 321 327 213 IS It
CynbvU*
bUto« «lant*tujn	1 2 1? 1A 7 lit W 12 3 5 2 1
12	12
DiatOM TUlgtr#	*
12 3	r
Prsgllerf orotoncnsis
50
FMgilarla «pp.
GaVhanwW	1	13 3 1
Oyro»l«m« cr.	1	x
(*)	1	2	2
M,10uU er.	2 » y 7 21 18 1J 11 2 k 16 ^	55 2t 25 1. 5 9 5	1
111,12 IS 89 3'	15 7 9 » k 2	3 1 S
BititchU gr.	l l a i ^
1
PiWMil»rU
,^—U.r.	, 1. . K. 5 17 » k 1	2 7 W 39 » 216 21 28	!	3	* 1
Sorlr«ll*	1	3 1	i 3 1	2 7
1	3	12
SfTHdr* f>
UJfWOPHYCEAE
ItoMrotrlcMl.. ip.	H 36 5? 23 2 10 1 9 U 9 7
cmraowicBtt
ntijotopjroo	^
AeUM*trun
6
3
3


2
1

1
2
5

11
3
A^dairo8	2	)
nmaomu
tagM	2	2 11* 'it 15	2	21	1	5
TfglMliww	1	2	it	3 222 1 10 122 2 1 1	1
ZOVUWRBU
»otoma
Fro total W.	1
Str^blUdlM	3
VortlMU*	1 3 3
ognuca*
Ctreeed* «p*	2
215 1* t$7 19) kl 197 >90 US SO 366 ISj 109
3d W. 8U « IU W W J7) Jt)
-------
Tabla 20|» Individual Plankton fcnalywa - CnmbrUln
lA
i?ii l/ift
2/lh
2/?i yFe
17T
Aphaoiaoiaaflon
Dact/loooceopaLa
Oaclllat-wia gr.
THACK-QHttrJ U£Uk2
dlItcw
laUrloialla
Cocaonala
C/elotall* etiMtooaru
Cyolotalla rpp.
CrcioUll4-St«ph*ne


J
2

i
11
1
15

1




i



1




i


1
1

1
I
1
1



tot»U).rrtRs
raaroto*
C^onalia
wrn^i* up.
Protoao* app,
StraobilLdlw
7ofticall«
KTrrraa
Niyarthra platyptar*
rte i,ott
-------
Tabla 20f. IndiTliBial Plan It ton Analy— - Cha*»arlaAn (Cunt.)
I—r - 19&	~	S/9 sfiA ihi, i/y> &/g 6A3 i/20 6/27 7/5 7/11 ?A6 7/85 ' "^A 8/^ B/lg 6/2?
wnopuiniRs
ApluntieMbw	P	3	1$
tect/locoecspal*	2	li,	6	12	1
QaelUatcrU gf.	3	9	31	8	7	1,	5
nuau-onEEK nm»
DUTCMS
JUtaricn«lla	17 9 10 IB 10 28 5	9	7 3 1	P	6
Cocecnata	j	^
C/olotalla chaatot *rti	U	2	3	2	5	ID
CyvlOteUa *pp,
CyolotalU-atapluoliBciU gr.	)0 VS	U	54	32	Uo	81i5	122	U	22	176	U*6	539
C/nt«U*
Btatewa •loncatun	7	2	1	P	10	1
01*MM rulftn
erotcran»la











2
3
5
X
p

FTKllirU ipp. ¦

1









8

2
9


Ojrrt#lg*» gr.










1




1
Maloatr* (a)





3

1


1
1
P
3
X
1
p
Naloalrfc (b)













t



Havlaula jr.
b
5
2
1
3
18
10
10
8
7
7
75
60
51
71*
6
26
NitcachL* gf.
5
5


1
b
I
2
ii

5
6
J*
9
10
1

Rhltoaolnia gr.

3
1
1
It
Ufl
17
127
9
b
3
65
107
16b
262
6
22
SurlraUa
J
5

3
1
S


1







1
Synadri jr.







1
I


1
6
9
6
1
1
uimonactu
Hatorotnciulaa ip.
1
J*
2

1
U
2
12






2


cMnaomzcta
maobnroe
Haliwncm

















AotlnMtnui

1


2
3

ta

1

2
7
12
10


inlri»tr»deMU«

2


1
16

26
5

2
2

15
4


ChlatQnkMKiMa jr.
8
25



6
2
B
k


2

10
2
1

ChlaraTLa










1

1
k



Claatarlopila



1

1

5
1
1

1
5
8
11


CMOOMkM







5

1

1

1
1


Cwltstna





1

1

1
1
2

S



Cruttl(«nla quadrat*





9
b





1
5



CruelpftU i-MUafiLUrU





1











Orwlfwila fp.













2



Cf«l«ai«U UtnvMlla





b







b



Dlot/oaptaMriiM





I

10
1



It
13
1








8

Ik
2











2


13

1
b
1
1
lb

U
1
3

Lacartwl«t« qutdriMW

















UfartwiHU mtlilarlwala

















Ooe/ail*











1

I



Faatorliu




1





b






'¦dlMtnw taTmoai

















NilWwi rtapli







1



1
I
1



dnawwla—m













2


8
Hnwinh—ua oyotiawaii





1
1

3
X


1
1
U
*


aehwfrrU





k

2
7
1

3

2
6
2


nmwrtwuMtu





It











SpewreeywtU






3



3
23
1




StlAMMevl





3

i
1
1

10
1*
13
JO


Tttruttw iligaai

















HI

2
I
1

2
3
3
8
1
1

3
9
8
6

Tia^O—una
I
k
8
X
3

X
2
•

1
3
5
6
1
b
7
VUtUfU ft
1	i	t 1
I
w w » « ui 
-------
T*bl« 20 j,	PUntrt-on imJjrwt - ChMferl*ln (CotiV.)
r«ar - 19SS ' ' 	 ^	57n 5733 lo/^ 10/10 10A7 10/2U I573I UT?1"" CAE Il/2t 11^28 1275 15755 12/20 12/26"
55 23 151 16 22 26
BLOT-GIBX UAU
ifhttlKMOOO
Dm ty Loqoo 0 opt 1*
0*slU*t«rU sr.
mjxM-osacBf aloax
niTcws
JUUrlewlll
Cooo«»La
Cyelet«lla ehMtoovru
Cynlotallt Ipp,
CycloLaLla-Staphjuiodiscua
C/MballA
Ditto** •lancAtua
OlAtCM TUlftT*
AKtOMOtla
INlUirU «pp.
30 It 1SL W 191 302 305 335 32l 335 118 18 6 U 7 U
9/nii(M fr.
Halotlra (•)
HtlAtlr* (b)
li«l««l« (r>
KltwehL» gr.
llhiMwUiili ir<
Ivinlli
IjntdH gr.
XAimnPHTCEAI
H*t*rotrlohal*a 1
CHMBonrrcBAt
DlMb<7«n
miio»ooM
OMEBf ALUS
AetinMtnia
ChlaapdMMt* gr.
OhlortU*
Cloat*rlopaLa
lit
16
1
6
5
6
16
5
2
1
2
2
2
1
I U
7
7
2
6

1

25
21
3
2 3
3
7
1

3
1
1 1
2
u
1








CaaUatrw
Crwl|«U (|udr«u
Crvclfcnla r«ct»rmil*rla
0fV9lc*nU «Pi
CrualfBiU t«trap*dl«
DletjrotphMrlm
U«kat»t*rlx
QldMeyatla
UgarfealaU qudrlwtt
UcvlwlaU mfcJjlMlwtlJ
fudaptm
Mlutiua dapla
» bljugs
1 eUaorpbua
1 ayallaali
MHUtra Weill
Vt*U*Ua
W»
t> m in M m» *» kn m mi » u» a u » it «o •»
-------
Table 20h. Inflinaui PlufcVon toiltwi - T\. tonsil Rawrolr
I..1- - 1»5S	L/; i/io !/!, i/a 1/n	^ !/n ;/a	^ J/u ^	j^j yj.
DaatjrloeoecAp«la
OaclUatorla ir.
Syn*ehoooacua
Aaphiprora
laUrlonall*
COQQOMla
Cyclotall* chaatoearaa
Cyclot*lL» app,
Cyelot«Ua-3t«pKanodiaci
CyabalLa
Dlatoaa alengatiw
^ragllarl* crotorMnali
Pracllarl* «pp.
ttalMlra (¦>
Halotira (b)
Navittula jr.
Nltsaehla gr,
Rhltoaol«nl4 gr.
SurlreUa
Synadra jr.
UMTHOPHTCEa
Hatarotrichalea ap.
OHAOOWTCti*
DartpjfxK
Dlnobr/on
KailaMtuka
Aotlaaeti-ua
AjikUtrateanua
GttaardOKMa* gp,
Chloralla
Clocteriopala
Coeeanoaaa
OoalMtna
Coaaarltsi
Cr«cl«anU quadrat*
Cnuifanla tp.
CniQt|«nl« trtrajwdi*
OietjroaphMrlu*
UaMWtbrlx
OlMoejratii
OeleokUti*
UfftrlMlaU qiMdrlaaU
lagfiulada vratlalttrlanale
Nteraattnliai
OacjratLa
Paadorlna
Hdiaatrufc to-ranm
HdiaaVnua duplex
Mm
Hnniia—M bijaca
SoaMdaMua dlaorptne
5oaradawua epeUaeale
8owa»am quadriuuda
tehraad*rla
Selmartn*
SpAaaroojratia
Staureatnn
tUHiNotaai
Tatnadm mwdataa
htmdra «<¦»«—
Tittartni *1 tgana
tttmlm tatanawUNB
TatfMtiw •taufpcanlaarona
Tnrabarle Mtl«arua
Si"?.	n 3I1 ti
Intnptla
hwi
Tnehalanua	f 29 16
DIMOhnCLkf
QjWMdlnlw
farldialw
toonunms
mXQKM
CcrtaneHa
Dlfflagla «p.
fawdtlOtm
laraUlla MMOaartM
foljwtlva plaVjrtara
16	6	W
k	3	1
5	k
75 33 35
3 U )
IS] »} no l» )£ tio M Wl k» WO SB M] 1» U] M M
-------
T«bla 2Cli. Individual PlmkUa iulpia - *»..
RaadaL
ftaaarrolr (Cent.)
































Tmt . 1955
sA
5/9
SA6
5/23
5/31
6/6
6/13
6/20
6/28
T/7
7/11
7/21
7/25
8/1
e/8
•AS
8/22
mmmmms
BLOC-OXKN unit

















Anabatoa
Iphaalwmnoct
HaetyloeoaoopBla
Oaolllatorta gr>
tynaehocooeua
95
6*
U9
23
f
2



3







P
mLCW-OREZX AUUE
DIATOMS

















inphiproi*
AatarlcMlla
31*
itfll
1*16
339
66
9
2
20
U
9
3






Cyelotalla ohaatocaraa
Cyelotalla *pp.

16
Tit
68
8


b



1
1





C7olot»llt-8laph*io)
Kavlcula jr.
Hitaachla gr.
3
5
5
6
it
8
U
t
i.
it


1
1
1
2
I
It
1
1

I

2
P
2
RhlsoaolanLa gr.
Surtralla
Synadr* jr.
7
k
33
5
1J2
26
55
l
5
1









2
2
XMTHOPHTCEAS

















HataratrtelUl ai ap.
27
a
67
3
1












CHnSOPHTCUX

















Darapyiia
Dinobrjoe
HalloMonaa
73
1
3)
2
7
1
53
3
1

2

1





3
3
OREEN ALQAt

















ictlnattroa
Anklatrodaana
Chla^Mwnaa gr.
Chlorall*
Cloatarlopala
302
«
IS
X
Sit
90
5«
W
19
>1
10
U2
16
61
5
3
15
1
1
t
1
2ti
t


2


12
59
am
i
i
205
6
1
COOOflHMIM
CMUrtnw
Coawrlw
Cruoifnla quadrat*
Cructjenl* ap.
2
8
2
11
5
28
3
11
10
2
1
2
1



2

2lt
30
61
10
1
37
Cruol|«jl« tatrapadla
Uc tyoiphaarlua
UakaUUsrLx
Qloaocjitla
Oolankixila
17
3
2
20
6
2
2
a
b
it
ai
22
2
23
it
lit
13





it

1
5
6
6
La
-------
Tabla 206. Individual Plankton totljwi - ft. gandall H»T«rroij (Coat.)
Jw - 19^
9/26
io ao 5571?	I37S uT? u/ili 3755 57# 575 W& iiflf" "iS/ST
"W
~W
9/12
9/19
ApUillSOMMOB
Dut/looaooopaia
Oaeillatorla |r.
Sjmsotocaaoui
AiV&lpror*
AatartonalU
Oaccaaal*
CjtloUUi atMtootrti
CjrclotalU "pp.
Cjralot
Maloaira (*)
Naloaira (b)
Navleula (r.
NLtaachLa jr.
RttUMlanU er.
Surlralla
Synadra gr.
9
35b
XAKTHOMTOEiB
Hatarotrlchalaa ap,
CHftTSOPHICIAX
Darapyxia
OlnobryoA
Nallaaon**
iafclaMiMt
AriclatrodaaNi
Chlaydoawnaa gr.
Ot&oralia
ClMtarlopalJ
Coalaatnm
CMiirlm
CnulcvU qukdrti*
Cn«l|«ii ap.
Cru0l(Bia tatrapadia
IllOtjrCMptiMrliai
Batotothrl*
01OM«gr*tl>
i Barfaraa
¦ tofOaoi
Ltfarhaiala ^udrlaat*
UtarbaLMa vratl*larl«iila
Mlcraetlnioi
Oooyatia
Pantorla*
NdUatA* I
Ndiwtra <
FtdUtlni t«trM
i Mima
i Awrptna
I opollanaLa
9aan*daw* quadrleauda
Sohroadftfi*
Salmtatruii
^itMneTitla
SUoboosom*
Tatraadron eaudatwa
TrtrMdra ainlJM
TatrwtMK »!¦§»»
Titiwtni ataorofanlaaranM
Trawbfcri* artisans
noutwnm
kiim
hinptu
2
1
1

2

1
lit
It
l



1



it
199
100
loll
61
lit

8
1
2
2
1
2
i
1

2
13
17
\t





u>
k
1
U


V





3
2
1









l




1
78
2
49
ia




12




2




3
3
a









1
1





1
It
l






It



b



2






3











2

















6
7
3















L
6
1
5

7
s
8

3


3
1


T
16
1
1
3



1
1




1
J


5
8

1



































3

Ji
1
2
t
2










1




6
1
2



























1



1
2
5
11
16
13
5

1


2

2
1
























I















1

1













1
1
6
12
25
UO
70
25
?
a
8

7
3
2
1


1



1


l















2
















1















2
3
6
6
»
3

i








1















11
2
6
It
2
it
19
16
5
12
2
s
k
1
16
8
10
je

















l
25
10
9
it
1
1

1
t

2


1


2

mru«*•
HndUaptu
ImUU* cocMmtIm
taUwtfert pl*ypUr*
TMOTDUQt
Ttrdl no in in tk * w n to *
-------
Tabla 201. IftdlrlAml Plankton Analjr— - Bait* Ft. R*nd*U Dm
2/26
Iw - 19$s
L/i 1/10
1/17
1/2U
2/21
3/U
3/22
J/26
b/U VU uA8 lt/25
ranonjUKTCRs
D*o tgr loo oc o op »i •
Oaclllatorl* gr.
Synachocououa
Aat*noiwll*
Cacadcwi*
CotBtrlM
CjroloWlla oha*toc«rai
Cyolotall* app.
CyclotalU^tapbtnodlacua gr.
Cyabtll*
ftlatwM alonsatuja
QUtOM rulctra
Fra^i-ltr!! arotoo*naia
Haloair* (•)
Maloalra (b)
Kavlcul* gr.
NttBMbU |r.
Bhiaoaolani* gi*.
XANTKOmTCUK
Hatarotrlchalaa ap»
CHWBaPHtCttf
Wastry on
Halloaona*
k
3
3
u
6
9
7
5
1
3

5
1
22

17
1
17
1
N ALQAE
Aetlaaatna
Ankia tro d* unia
CbUnrdoaonaa ir.
CMcrall*
Cloatariopal*
19
62
1
11
21*
19
20
13
21
1
1?
35
26
25
1ft
ik
l
1
10
31
1
7
15
9
12
1
IS
6
1
12
11
5
2
10
52
1
20
10
5
U.
12
10
66
36
12
6-4
lit
3
CwaoapMa
Ooalattna
Ciuctg«nlA faMatrata
Cfueigania qo*drat*
Cnal|«nlA tatrapadl*
36
2
11
1
3
10
1
e
l
L
1
1
S
l
2
1
1
8
3
3
2

1

1
BletgroaphMriini
llakatothrlx
AiastU
Oloaoejitla
UaaoklfiU
1
27
6
11
h
1
10
3
l
1
5
i
4
2
1
2
3

b
1
3
Lac*rb«tata * u»
-------
tabU 20t. IndlTt^nA Plankton to*ly— - Balow Ft. Ban'**11 fin (Oeot.)
Vi 5/9 5/16
PKnoruunrma
rjuiiiji ¦) a huMmu
LaftHMiaU wreUelewleele
MitrattlJiiai
Oaqf »tlB
HaAariM
Mlutm ikplB
EttiiiMbryaU
• bljug*
Titrwlna
TttrMtfra dmpim
T*trw4r4A ap.
Titnitra li^ui
Iitrutn* iMtMoaMthw
Tatrutnm itamfmlufM1
Trattoria uuprui
WmUUa
¦w
"W
T7T
6/gQ 6/gfl 7/t 7/11 7/ri- 7^5 571 *75 mr 5755
DutfUeMtepili
Oaclllatorla gr.
SjriMchooMaua
81
76
10
Ut
b



1






DIATOMS















Ast4rleeeU»
Coeeooala
C«mrlq»
CyoloUlU ctuatooaraa
Cjrelotella ipp.
307
1*39
x*
Ut
309
28
1
61
2
6
e
26
6
12
2
l

1
1
2
Cyel»t«Lle-8t«pii*no4l»eue gr.
Cyiab*!!*
OliiUaa *l«ngatwi
DUtoaa vulgar*
Pngllarla crot«nanala
22
20
t
Uk
ue
S3
102
F
195
171
1
330
lit
1
20
1
17
13
5
1
1
5
a
4
19
P
6
7
Maloalr* (a)
taloiln (b)
Mario ul* gr,
¦ltiaotiia gr.
Rhlaoaslanl* gr.
l
6
ii
3
10
38
1
1
102
1
U
1
35
US
1
2
6
a

l

31
6
3
1
u
it
i
f
1
1
f

T
Surirall*
Ajrwdr* gr.

5
16
6
1




1






umamciAS















BatcrotrLohalaa ip<
22
25
15
9
i










chmbojhiciai















Dlaofcrjw
NaUoaOOU
63
1
3)
P
25
2









I
OMOBI AUUI
AetlMatroa
AnlcUtro4a«KM)
CtilaajrCbaeoM gr.
Chloral la
Cl»*t«rlsp*U
76
36
2
65
67
JO
7
11
19
1A
Ii
45
7
1
19


6
2
1
i


1
1
3
u
CflMOHBM
Onui«Mia fnwlnti
Crwlfanla ^Mdrata
Craei|*i^» Wtrapadla
1
k
2
1
I
>
10
20
5
2
1
5
!

i
i
1
6
1
17
36
1
Dl*troaptMrl«i
EUkatotbrlx
Fnuaala
Olaaoajratta
OoXmUoI*
it
1
12
2
3
i
i
lk •
3
21
10
10
3
1$
2



1

2
3
¦qglan
•ofcrtpUa
30
60
10
SO

63
f
>
U
17
lit
T
25
3
XKbUW-MM ALOIS
oaanmaus
Cwxim
oirnwu
PandUattaa
MnWlU MoUMriM
hlfWMit pUbyytwe
ru i,m
TIT 1,0»
m " s> a* ii ii a) u x mut id m
-------
Tabl* 201. tndlrldual Flankton tnalyaaa • B»Icw Ft.	p— (Coat.)
10/3 10A0 ioA? U3/2I1 uA uA u/u u7z2 u/w u/5 12/ii iz/is liVn
8/30
9/6
9A2
BLlC-tittBT tliUI
iMbMM
DutrloeoMepala
Oacll-latcir la gr.
agmaehoooccua
Aat«rlan«lla
Coccooaia
CoaMrlw
C/elat«ll* ihfcatMvrta
Cjrclotalla «pp.
CycloUlla-StaphauxJlacua gr.
Dtatoaa along atua
Diatoa* vulgar*
PrmjUM-l* erotonarula
Malcalra (a)
Maloaira (b)
NaTlcula gr.
Mtiachl* |r.
Rhlioaolaal* gr.
9uriralla
Sjmdri |r.
5
109
3
1*27
U*TB0PHTC1A1
Uaterotrlchalaa ap*
CMRBOfHTCUB
HI nobiy on
AetloMtrus
Anklctroctoima
ChlaajrdoBenaa gr,
CMorall*
Cloit«ri«riU
Cooeoikoaaa
Caalaatrua
Cruel ganl* f«Mstrata
Crueigvnl* quadrat*
Cruolgwi* tatrapadl*
Dict^oapftaarlm
Uakatotttrlx
pms«i<
Oloaceyatle
Ool«ikLnl*
LRfarMiaU qwdrlaaU
UgaiftdalA wratulaNlanda
Nlaraeumai
Ooeyatla
PandorLna
Fsdiutiua duplas
Rhltceluyala
1 bljaga
StlahssoMiu
Tatraadroa uudatui
TatrMdran dooapinum
Tatraadron ap.
Tatraatraa alagatu
TctfMtivi batamauttm
TatrwtniB •twroganUafoiwi
Trnbaria nUiim
Waatalla
DGLBOnm
tag! ana
IMrtptit
TraaAaloaonaa
5




5
l

1





1
1

2





1












1
It

10
5
6
2
5


1
1

1

1

1
133
SI.
83
92
w
2
3
3
2
6
1

1
3
3
6
13
9
1
2
1
5
U
3
2
3
5
7
7
3


1
I
it
2
2
2
1
1














Sit
32
36
2
10
lit
a
6
5

1







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9
2
5
2

2
it
It

1



1
2

1









1









1

9
5
9
7
5
&
3
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1


1
1
1
6
1
1


2
1


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5
2
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11
3

5
5
5
6
3
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1

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1
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tt
9
3
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1




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1

7
6


1




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1
















1
1


2











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7

8

1
1




l


1
1

I

3
b
6
12
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6
5
9
2
1


1
3




1













2


1
2
1



1
1










i
1
It
It
5
102
5?
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11
8
It
5
3





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2













1
I
2
5
3
1

1
1









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It
)
It
2
3
5
lit
10
25
It
2
1
3
3
16
6
U
11
13
9
11
1
1

2

I
1


1
1
}

I

DtfOafU
ranrflXaptna
frotowa tfp,
StraaM-UdLoa
OflUCtt*
OctNDOte
Ui JJT 7»k M m SSI U7 tu let JJ ts ko )) 10 A M IS »
-------
Table 2QJ. Indlridual Plankton Analyaaa - Niobrara Rlvar
Io»r - 1955	U/6	5/9	5/23	6/27	7/25	8/30	10/6	10/31
PHYTOFLA UTTERS
buw-oheen ALQAE
Anabaana.	1	8	1
Daetylococeopsia	3	2
Oaeillatoria gr.	7	11
YELLOW-QKEEN ALGAE
DIATOMS
Cocconaia	1
Cyclotalla *p.	12 13
Cyclotalla-Staphanodiaeua gr.	4 11*6 66 11? 365	1,053	6
Cynballa	1 2	6
Diatom* rilgar*	3 1 6	3
TragllarU crotonanaia	P P 1 1	1
FMglUrl. «p.	35 17 11? 13 2l»	122	39	51
Oonphonama	2 1 2
Ojrroaign* «r,	l l 11
Maloeira (a)	P 1 1
Navlcula gr,	13 i2B 1,053 332 55U	107	61i	116
Nltzachla gp.	12 ai, 31 13 19	30	7	25
Rhi*oaol«nU gr.	575 3,173 $66 3,173	1.U31	31*	6
Rhopalodlt	11 xl*
Synadra gr.	11	1	1
UNTK0PKICU2
RmLllarU	i	li	3	2
ORBEN A10AE
Aotlnaatnai	2 30 7lt 581	119
Ankla tro da amua	I33 8(316 732 (,^51	2,321	W	8
Chlanydononaa gr,	U 961 2,970 76 27	13	Hi	3
ChloralU	7 ^0 8
Cloatariopals	1 1
Cocooaonat	ia	12	b
Co.L.tro»	1 28 19 9	8	2
Craelg«iU quadrat*	2 8 23 7	1?	1+
Dlotyo •phtarlun	20 10 l,67fc	8 91
ElatatothrU	u u	13
Eodorin*	2
01<*ocyati.	2 3 U3 675	100	16
1
2
Oolanldnla	j
Lagarhalxla quadrlaata	1
Oooyatia	26	^
Patxdorlrva	1 7 U 1	2
Fadiaatma Bor/aiua	1 3 13
Padiaatrun dupla*	1 6 30 72	2b0
Padiaatrua a lazier	3	^
Padlaatnn tatraa	j	5
Seanadaawa bl^uga	6 10 ?5 lfU0L	270	l
Soanadaana dlaorplma	8 756 ?U5 1,607	99?	20	2
Seanadasaua opollanai*	1
floanadawii* quadrloayda	16 66i* 21*3 1,337	756	38	3
Sehroadarla	U	9
Salanaatrw	0	\
flpbMroejratli	2 11
Stauruitn* natator	2
?«trM4r«	3 3
Tatraitrua iligiu	1
OloUirix p	1
nOUMOPKIT*
Suflana 1	3 31 5	2	2
Phaoua	\ 1
TraohalpaionM 5	3 6 I* 6	11	2	1
ZOOnilRKHS
PfDTOZQI
Ufflicte 9.	1
Pro to 10a ap.	2
Vartloalla	3	1
IBttTOtt
K—itoda «p.	1
TOTAL	o	8.05!	18,015	J,MO	17,*»	«.«1	»5	M»
-------
Tabla 20k. Individual Plankton tnalyaaa - Yankton (Cont.)
taar - 1955	5/2~ 5/8 S/16 *>/?3 5/31 675 <7l3 6/19 S7?7 775 7^3 ijvi 5755 571 57lS §722 §728
taabaana
Dacfcylocooo opata
Qonphoapbaaria-Coalasptiaariun
L/ngbj*
OsoilUtorU gr.
Aatarlonalla
C ocean® i#
Ceanarlua
Cyclotalla ohaetocaraa
Cjoloteila app,
Cyelotalla-Stephanodiacua gr.
CynbaUa
Cyatop Laura
DlaWM «l9ngal'
lit

29
13
it?
37
25





1










1*5
1*3
70
11
10
8

2?
16
10
1
2
lb
1*05
92
163
6
12
31
6
13
1
2
a
2
1

2
2
5
1&
21



1








1
2
3
10








2

1
it
10
U
Ut
Uo

L
2
It
£
1
1
2
U
2
2

1
It
s
7
1
k
6
5
12

3
i*
3
3


2
8
7
1
5














1








5

1


It
6
2

2
2

2


it
2
7
3
13
10
25
26
25

1














2
2

2





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6

it
2
6







1















1








6
5
9
21
13
38
U
9
13
it
10
10
7
7
1*3
IS









2





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1
2
1





















1





1














1
1
3

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1

3
1
2

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3



2

1


1




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2
It
2
2

6
9
5















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2
S
L
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u
9
6
9
5
15
It
2lt
s
18
2
1
it
15
10
3
1
31
9
25
1
7
1
16
17
it


2














2
e
23
10
5
3
22
17
0
2
U
5
13
10
6








1
5

2

3
e









b










1

2
2
2
1
15
17



2

fi
n
a
6

1
L
15

2
6

2li
21
2
25
















1


1


1








I
1














1
It
h
6
1
3

5
5
7
2
1


5
2

1














9
6
u
ii
I
3
3

1
1
1

1
i
%
9
DUflugU
Protoioa app.
StroabUMlu*
7ortle»Ua
Karat* H« oeehlMilaa
foljrarthra platyptara
CUflOCMA
Cladooara app.
>» 56J> 1,3N 1,«6 fli IS til II It |» W lit II IM m 7U
-------
Tabla 2Cfct Individual Plankton JUialyaan
- Yankion (Cont.)
10/j U'/J 10/1? 10/? 3 10/31 11/6 U/U4 11/20 11/20 12/? tf/ll 12/lfi 12/26
tHYTDPU.'.TrERS
3LijT-C3i1REN AWAE

















An*b*»n«
D«ctylooooci>psl8
Q«nphospha«ri,i*-'Jo*l4»pfvaarltin
Lyngbya
O»i;illatorla fXi
J>
5
1
f


1


2








r^LH-^Ftl, ALGAE
DIATOMS

















Aat^rL^nalla
Cocconala
CosiMkrlufi
CyeloUlla etuatocsraa
Cyclotalla app.
1
16
10

l
1
9
5
6
7
a
1


1

2
2
1
Cyclotalla-Stvphanodlacua gr.
Cy»b*Ll*
Cystoplaura
Diatona tlongatua
Dlatoma vulvar®
1.50
1
2a0
20
58
1
7ft
1
2
1.
u
2
5
i.
11
li
3
2
5
6
15
7
7
Pra£tlarla oratojianela
FngiUrU app.
OOBphOtMM
Gyroa^pu gr.
Mel jair* (*)
7
2
1
)
1
6
1
17
9
P
2
1
P
f

P



P

Maloaira (b)
MavlculA gr.
Nltiachta gr»
Flnnularl.li
RMioeolerila ^r.
30
2
70
I*
hi
6
7
It
65
3
6
82
1
6
M
8
7
16
1
fa
1
6
33
23
Hi
P
21
1
2
6
3
3
2
10
2
I*
6
1
2
5
2
2it
1
2
RhopalodU
Swire 11a
Synadra gr.
1

1
2
2
1

1

2


1


1


UWTHROfflKEJlI

















Hatarotrlohalaa ap.
uo
3fl
3














CHUTSOMPfOEAP.

















Oinobryan
Mallomonaa




1


1









3R28H A10AE

















¦Aetinaatru*
Anklatrodaawua
Caraatariaa atauMatrolitea
Chlinvdomajias gr.
Crdor«U«
3
51
12?
U
13
21
7U
u
3
12
6?
5
7
1?
5
12
L
1
10
1
U
13
2
9
fa
2
2
2
1
1



1
1
2
1
3
1
2
Cloatariopala
Cocconnaa
CseUitrua
Cmctganla quadrat*
Cruoigml* t«trap«dli
9
55
6
10
1
5
50
10
13
3
10
1
u
1
ir
3
3
18
1
i.
6
6
e
1
6
7
1
2
11
1
3
i*
1
1
5
1
L


1
1
1
1
Cruclcanla ap.
DiatyosphMrluR
Diaorpttococcua
Elakatathrlx
Eudorlna
7
32
16
3
16
2
3
1
3
2











Fr«no«la
Gloeocyaila
Qolanklni*
UgartMlHia quadrta«ta
Lafarhelai* wbulM
1(0
1
15
5
7
16
3
5
li
6

it






Ltgarhaliila wrAtlxlavlanaia
Kiorictlnlui
Oocyatla
Pwdorlna
Fadiaatroa torjranua
1
1
3

1

2








1
1
fadUainm duplax
Padlaatrum alnplax
Padiaatrun Utni
8e«n*daMia MJttga
8e«i*daamui dlnorphu*
6
2
10
5
1
6
13
2
U
1
3
2
1
2
5
2
s
1
1


1







9e«n»d«sMM OpOlltnal*
Scanatiamia quadrtcauda
Sahroautria
Salan aatrua
Spfta*rocy«tl»
15
3
7
10
1
2
1
<4
7
2
3
13
12
1
20
8
6
1
3

1

2
1
Stauraitrun
fltichoeocaua
TatrMdron cawtatun
TatrMdron dwsplmw
Tatraitrim elegant
2
3
5
6
id
So
227
I
U6
56
1
13
B


1



tatraatru* alaarocan
1

2


3
8
I

1
1

1




EUOIENOPHm

















EugUna
IutrepUa
fhacua
Tr*orialoaonai
2
3
1
7
u
5
1
3
1
3
13
1
J
1

2
2
1
2
5
1
2
1
i
l
2
rmJJi'SffMH AbOAI
iii :why:lu

















OyimodUilta









1







ioopjju«rr*R9
HDTOtO*

















PtXflujia
FrotoiM spp.
Strcaabilidlm
Tortleall*



1
1
1

1




1
1
1
I


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Keratalla coohlawlas
Folyartluw pUtypUlt

















1Ar
-------
Tablo	IndlviiiuaX Hatihton Jmilyio -
2/9 2/Xfc 2/23
a/? J/23 3/30 k/6 li/U. 1»/20 U/27 SA ?A3 7/20 7/27
An«bMM
AftiaiiAtoB«j)tin
Dfcctylococcopjla
.".icrocyatla
'Jselllatorit jr.
•tytrtllrka
AmpTora
CudConala
Cyolotoil* oKa«tac«raa
C.v:lot«ll» ip,
'.*yelotall»-Stapn*na(
TorttcaUa
KartuUa «a«rita
roi|st«va put^tan
TOJVtt
MnrtfSiMi&iAmaoroMkSVJtanurnoKMw
-------
Tabla 20». IndlTldua-l. Planjtton	- CWfcha (Coot.)
8/3 O/lO 6/17 8/2U 8/J1 9/7 9/Ut V/21 9/26 10/5 10A2 10/19 10/26 11/1 11/9 llA'3 L2/2 12/7 l?/XLt 12/28
Uibuu
AphtnltgMnon
Dae tylococcopai*
MlcrocyaUs
Oac materia sr.
Splrllloa
A*tphora	1
Ailcrionalla	P
Coceomlj
CjclotaUa ohMtrOoaraa	1	9 It	7
Cyolot«ll« sp.	6
CyelotallA-SUpMnodiaeua *r.	73 51 167 1SU 77 91 327 17U 32 58 22 21 9 7 19 17 1,596 3h6
Cj*baUa	L	1 2
Cyitoplaura
IHaboM almgatw	P
OUtdM vulctr*	1	12
rr*cll«rt* erotonanaia
FraclltrU ap.
OMphWMN
O/Todgm ir.
Nidoalra {•)
Ptaloaira (b)
Maloalra 9.
Narieula jr.
Nltaaehi* gr.
Ptnnulwla
Hhix>aol«nta gx.
HhepaledU
Surlrvll*
3jme4r* jrt
UNTHOIKTCEU
Bwlllaria
Hatarctrlohalaa apt
Aetlnutriaa
Anklatrodanua
unlaaurdoamaa gr.
Chleralla
Clo*t*rlopaU
Cec ooawoM
Coalaatna
Coamariiw
'Hiclffwia «l0BOMi	3	33518	b 2	2	13
Cantr«pnla aoulMt*
DlfflUfU tp»
dtra*iU41«
Tflrtisalla
TaraUUa quadrate
MjiMn ^itnMn
f«ly»thra ap.
m lie sra si« k» )U krs	>,W Kj m US
-------
Tabla 2On, ImllTldml flankton Analyaaa - Council Bluff*
Tear - 1V55
1/6
i/it 1/n ih ZAP 7/n, V3 yw 1A7 )/2h 3/a Vr iiAii i^/ii S7FS	57s—7/u—7/5~
An*6*ana
Apharilt r.
158
3
jumiowcuE
Ruadllarla
Hatarotrlchalaa »p
CKHf30miCtAE
Dinobryon
Mai lomo/iaa
OROU. ALGAE
tclniiitrw
Anklatroctoanwa
ChlnydoncKiaa jr.
Chloralla
Cloatartopa La
Cooaononaa
Coalaatru*
Cuanarim
Omclgwla fanaatraU
Craclganla quadrat*
Cruclgania tatrapadla
Dtctyoiptiwriw*
Elakttoihrlx
QloaocjnatLa
Oolanltlnia
QoniuH
Miercutiniua
Ooojitli
Pandsrlna
PMKatruM Boryajiw
P«dlaatrun duplex
9oan*daa»*ia bljuga
ScaMdasma dUtorphua
BoaMdavaua quadrlcauda
Sahrotdarla
Salanaitruia
Sphaaroeyrtia
Sturutroi
SUchocoomii
Tatraatrun atauroganlMfoma
Uiotnrix
tttglan*
Ptuunaa
Traortaloaonaa
Caratlw
ZOOPUNKTBU
PHOTOSOA
2
icmTOtt
MMtodB ap.
Dlxflucla ap.
HwMlaa
tatNM «P*
MroNbllidtvi
Kartuua oaehlMria
br«t«U* jaatowta
ttMhilaa
Hlyathra pLaiypt«r*
nom
i» »o ytf ut n » * w u a a x? w *> u.i ya t» im su
-------
Tabla 20n. Individual Plankton Analyaaa - Council Blu/fa (Cont.)
T*»p - 1955
B/lt a/u
6A8
9/X
9/t
9A5
9/22
9/29
10/6
10/13
10/20
10/27
li/3
11/10
11/17
12A
12/8
12/15
12/22
12/29
PHYTOPUXKTRH3
a-uE-GREu: kiaa



















IniUtM
Aphanitonanon
Qonphogphaarla
Iom*bya
Marlwaopsdia
P
P
1

P
P


?
2
f



p







HiCrtflJiti*
Oacittatorla gri
1 1
3

1
1
1














.EL1XW-3R£EN ALQAI
DUTOMS



















AsWri^nalU
Cocoonala
Cjrdotalla chaatooaru
Cyclotall«-St«phai»cU icu» gr,
Cynballa
1 I
161, 50
3
151
n
109
269
351
1
37
5«
J»
1
1
ia
U
1
li
15
33
2
5
57
2
502
Ml
1
>05
p
V
lao
1
2
2 Sit
Diatom alangatw
Diatoms Tulgara
Pracilaria crotonanala
FYafllarl* tp.
~yroaigma (r.

1
3

6



1
1
a
2

2
1
1





Halo* ra (a)
Heloairt (b)
Malcsira ip.
Navlcula gr.
Nltsachla gr.
1 P
9
P
17 l»2
It 3
1
1
P
63
7
15
2
31
1
it
19
it
5
2
76
1
5
P
i>
U
89
1
6
67
k
)
32
12
2
26
11
1
19
13
y
e
2
5
It
F
1
1

2
2
Pthnularia
Rhixosol«iLa grt
Rhopalodia
Suriralla
Synadra gr.
1
U 5
1
J»7
1
20
19
3
20
3
6
2
3
1
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