United States	Air and Radiation	March 1993
Environmental Protection	Research Triangle Park, NC 22711 EPA 453/N-93-002
Agency	(MD-13)
x>EPA MATICH
I Newsletter
National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse
In This Issue...
EPA Publication Available	3
AEERL Identifies Potential New
Alternatives for CFCs, HCFCs, and
Halons	4
EPA Publishes Assessment of
Environmental Tobacco Smoke	6
1992 NATICH Reports Published...7
Frequently Used

Acronyms
CAA-
Clean Air Act Amend-

ments of 1990
HAPs-
Hazardous Air Pollutants
OAQPS
Office of Air Quality

Planning and Standards
VOCs-
Volatile Organic

Compounds

Clean Air Act Activities:
EPA Promulgates Enhanced
Ozone Monitoring Regulations
by Ogden Gerald, EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
On February 12, 1993 (58 FR 8452),
EPA promulgated rules to establish
enhanced ambient monitoring networks
for ozone and ozone precursors as required
by Section 182(c)(1) of the 1990 Clean
Air Act Amendments. These networks,
known as Photochemical Assessment
Monitoring Stations (PAMS), are required
in the 22 ozone nonattainment areas
designated as serious, severe, and extreme
(see Figure 1). These monitoring stations
will collect ambient air measurements
for a target list of volatile organic com-
pounds (VOCs) as well as several car-
bonyls, oxides of nitrogen, ozone, and
meteorological measurements in both
surface and upper air. Data will be col-
lected for nearly 60 compounds, including
six hazardous air pollutants (HAPs):
benzene, ethylbenzene, styrene, toluene,
o-xylene, and p-xylene.
The rule directly affects those air
pollution control agencies with designated
(continued on page 2)
State/Local Spotlight:
Illinois Participates in Great Lakes Study
by Clyde W. Sweet, Illinois State Water Survey
Persistent toxic pollutants (such as
polychlorinated biphenyls [PCBs],
pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocar-
bons [PAHs], and heavy metals) can
enter the Great Lakes in rain or snow, by
vapor exchange, and by direct fallout of
contaminated airborne particles. Subse-
quent bioaccumulation of some of these
chemicals in aquatic organisms can lead
to concentrations in game fish that are
hazardous to human health, and has
caused all of the Great Lakes States and
Ontario, Canada, to issue advisories to
limit consumption of certain fish.
Research has shown that the atmospheric
pathway is an important and in some
cases the dominant route of exposure for
(continued on page 3)
Produced in iMPIF^ /
conjunction State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administrators
with Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials

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Ozone Monitoring Regulations (continued from page
1)
serious, severe, or extreme ozone nonat-
tainment areas. States are required, for
the first time, to collect data not only to
determine compliance with a National
Ambient Air Quality .Standard (NAAQS),
but also to provide fundamental data to
aid in solving the ozone problem. EPA
believes that the data gathered by the
PAMS will greatly enhance the ability of
the State and local air pollution control
agencies to effectively evaluate ozone
nonattainment conditions and identify
cost-effective control strategies. Further,
the Agency anticipates that the measure-
ments will be of substantial value in veri-
fying zone precursor emission inventories
and in corroborating areawide
emissions reductions.
The data will be
used to eval-
uate, adjust,
and provide
input to the
photochemical
grid models utilized
by the States to develop
their ozone control strategics and demon-
strate their success. The PAMS will pro-
vide information to evaluate population
exposure, especially for HAPs, and to
develop ambient ozone and ozone
precursor trends.
Ilie final rule, signed January 19,
1993, reflects changes from the March
1992 proposal in response to public com-
ments. The changes include improvements
to network requirements that will provide
better data for photochemical modeling,
additional options for implementing the
sampling for precursors (especially fre-
quency), and new requirements for
upper-air meteorological monitoring.
EPA estimates the cost of implement-
ing the rule during the period 1994-1998
to be $79.3 million (in 1992 dollars).
Funding from EPA (Section 105 grant
monies) is expected to be supplemented
by the States and will likely include
monies collected via the new operating
permits* programs. In light of EPA's
estimate for future ozone control costs of
$8 to 12 billion per year and the relatively
low cost of the PAMS program, the
industrial sector has expressed support,
believing the data collected will lead to
more cost-effective strategies and lower
Figure 1.
Location of the 22 ozone nonattainment areas
designated as serious, severe, and extreme.
J T
g Areas Subject to Enhanced
Ozone Monitoring Requirements
4 i Number of Affected Areas
costs for equipment and control. Most	MD-14, Research I riangle Park, North
affected State agencies have also indicated	Carolina 27711, (919) 5-1 l-!><>5.2.
support, although EPA anticipates some	
States will propose alternate PAMS	*EPA promulgated operating permits regu-
monitoring strategies within the flexibility	lations under Title V on July 21, 1992 (57
allowed by the rules.	FR 32250).
For further information, contact
Ogden Gerald, U.S. EPA, OAQPS,
Great Lakes Study
these pollutants. To help address this
problem, the Great Lakes Water Quality
Agreement* between the United States
and Canada was amended in 1987 to pro-
vide a better understanding of atmospheric
deposition to the Great Lakes. A binational
monitoring network, the Integrated
Atmospheric Deposition Network
(IADN), was established under the
auspices of the International Joint Com-
mission to gather the data necessary to
carry out this mandate.
In addition to meeting the require-
ments of the Great Lakes Water Quality
Agreement, IADN will assist in imple-
mentation of Section 112(m) of the Clean
Air Act Amendments of 1990. Section
112(m) requires monitoring and
(continued from page 1)
research efforts to evaluate the extent
and impact of atmospheric deposition of
pollutants to the Great lakes, Chesapeake
Bay, Lake Champlain, and coastal waters.
These efforts are to be followed by addi-
tional control measures, as warranted, to
provide adequate protection of these
aquatic systems. IADN monitoring data
will be included in the studies and
evaluations required in EPA's Great
Waters Program.**
'Hie goal of the IADN is to evaluate
the importance of the atmospheric
pathway in the deposition of persistent
toxic pollutants to the Great Ixtkes. 'Hie
U.S. portion of IADN consists of three
sites on Uikes Superior, Michigan, and
(continued on page 3)
2

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Great Lakes Study (continued from page 2)
Erie. They are operated under the direc-
tion of (he Illinois Slate Water Survey at
the University of Illinois as part of a grant
from the KPA's Great l^akt-s National
Program Office. Environment Canada's
Atmospheric Environment Service
operates similar sites on 1 .akes Ontario
and Huron. Beginning in 11)88, (he Illinois
State Water Survey started continuous
{year round) monitoring of a sek'ded
group of air pollutants (PCBs, PAHs,
hexachlorocyclohexanes including the
pesticide lindane, and lead) in air and
precipitation over ihe lakes.
At the 1AIJN sites, samples of air-
borne particles, airborne vapor, rain, and
snow are collected on a regular basis to
calculate the amount of each pollutant
deposited annually llutaji!s.
Analysis of samples collected during
the first years of operation shows that
low levels of many persistent pollutants
are present in air arid precipitation al all
of the stations. Data support a strong
seasonal variation in concentration for
PC [is and other chlorinated hydrocar-
bons - elevated levels occur in the sum-
mer and very low levels in winter. Fven
though the concentrations of persistent
pollutants in air and rain are low, signifi-
cant amounts of these chemicals enter
the lakes from the atmosphere. For
example, according to a report published
by the International Joint Commission in
(Eisenreich and Slrachan), about
200 kilograms of airborne PCBs enter
!*>.ke Superior annually. This is three to
four times more than the amount of
PC lis entering Uike Superior fro in all
tributary inputs and direct industrial and
wastewater discharges combined.
Therefore, elimination of atmospheric
inputs in addition to mmatmospberic
inputs of PCBs to luke Superior would
be necessary in order to achieve a
significant impact on the amount of
PCBs entering the lake, The ratios of
pollutants entering a lake via atmospheric
deposition to those via tributary and
industrial discharges will vary depending
on the number and size of surrounding
urban centers.
During 1993 and 1994, an intensive
study of deposition to lakes Michigan
and Superior will be conducted using the
existing IADN sites and an expanded
network of 11 additional shoreline and
surface' vessel sites. Both atmospheric
ami tributary inputs will be measured.
'l"he atmospheric portion of this study
will put special emphasis on deposition
from large urban areas. This type of
deposition is not well monitored by
IADN, which is designed to monitor
regional deposition at rural and remote
sites well away from urban areas. By
1996, the network will be expanded to at
least three sites per lake monitoring a
wide range of toxic air pollutants.
With continued monitoring, calcula-
tions for a wide range of persistent pol-
lutants can be developed so that the
most cost-effective control measures can
be established. The end result - a com-
prehensive Great I akes monitoring data
base - will be a valuable resource for
allocating cleanup dollars to areas where
significant water quality improvements
can be made.
For more information about the
Illinois State Water Survey's involvement
in the IADN, contact Dr. Clyde Sweet,
Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith
Drive, Champaign, Illinois 61820, or call
(217) 333-7191.
*Sre related articles in the May 1989 and
May 1992 Newsletters.
* "See related articles in the January and
July 1992 Newsletters.
EPA Publications
Available
The following publications
relating to the 1990 Clean Air Act
Amendments (CAA) became
available during the summer and
winter of 1992.
1.	What You Can Do To Reduce Air
Pollution (EPA45O-K-S2-O02),
October 1992
This citizen's guide describes
what individuals and communi-
ties can do to help meet the
goals of the CAA.
2.	Implementation Strategy for the
Clean Air Act Amendments 1990
(Update, 1992)
(EPA 400-K-92-004), July 1992
This 2-year strategy update from
KPA's Office of Air and Radiation
(OAR) highlights key activities
completed in 3991 and planned
for the latter part of 1992. It also
outlines OAR's priorities for 1993.
3.	Implementing the 1990 Clean Air
Act: The First Two Years (EPA
400-R-92-013), November 15, 1992
This report from OAR to the
EPA Administrator summarizes
achievements made over the last
2 years to implement the CAA.
To obtain any of these free
publications, contact the EPA's
Public Information Office at
(202) 260-2080 or at the following
address:
U.S. EPA
Information Access Branch
Public Information Center
401 M Street, S.W.
PM-211B
Washington, D.C. 20460
To obtain more than 10
copies,* contact Laura Rounds at
the Public Information Center at
(202) 260-3059.
*AU publications may not be
available for bulk distribution.
3

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AEERL Identifies Potential New Alternatives
for CFCs, HCFCs, and Halons
by N. Dean Smith and Cynthia Gage, EPA's Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory
Stratospheric ozone depletion and
the resulting increase of ultraviolet-B
radiation at the Earth's surface is an
international problem that may threaten
sensitive ecosystems and human health
worldwide. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and
their bromine-containing relatives,
halons, are synthetic chemicals not
naturally found in the environment.
Emissions of such chemicals are widely
acknowledged as the primary cause of
the steady depletion of the ozone layer.
Recognizing this fact, many nations have
mutually agreed to phase out production
and consumption of these materials.*
Accordingly, chemical producers of the
CFCs and halons, industrial users of
these chemicals, and other private and
government laboratories have intensified
the search for alternative chemicals and
technologies.
EPA's Air and Energy Engineering
Research Laboratory (AEERL), working
cooperatively with the private sector and
academia (see box), initially identified 34
new compounds that possibly could be
used to replace the CFCs, IICFCs, and
halons currently used in refrigeration,
space cooling (e.g., heat pumps),
insulation foam, and fire-extinguishing
systems.** Initial testing and evaluation
of the applicability of these compounds
to specific end-uses indicates promising
alternatives worthy of further study. Of
the 34 compounds, AEERL has selected
11 hydrofluoropropanes and hydrofluoro-
ethers (see Table 1) for further evalua-
tion as potential alternative refrigerants
to replace CFCs and HCFCs over the
longer term. AEERL is now conducting
additional tests to collect further data on
the physical, chemical, and environmental
properties and performance of these 11
compounds (see sidebar). Tests include
determining atmospheric stabilities,
acute inhalation toxicities, material com-
patibilities, flaiiunabilities, vapor thermal
conductivities, and refrigeration
performance.
AEKRI.'s results have sparked con-
siderable interest from both refrigeration
equipment manufacturers and chemical
producers. Private-sector organizations
expressing interest in AEERL's research
program include the Commercial Refri-
geration Manufacturers Association; the
American Society of Heating, Refrigerat-
ing, and Air Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE); grocery store chains such
as A&P and Giant; air conditioning
manufacturers such asTrane; and several
chemical manufacturers such as I)u Pont
and Allied-Signal.
AEERL is also evaluating several
new chemicals to replace halons used to
prevent explosions and extinguish fires.
This work is also a cooperative project
with oil and gas producers on the Alaskan
North Slope who use Halon-1301 primarily
to protect their processing facilities from
explosions and fires in the event of a gas
or oil leak. Since harsh weather on (he
North Slope forces all processing to be
(continued on page 5)
Table 1.
Chemicals Selected for Further Study
Chemical
Being
Replaced
Chemical
Code
Chemical
Formula
Chemical Name
CFC-11
HFC-245ca
cf2h-cf2-cfil
1,1,2,2,3-Pentafluoropropane
HFC-245fa
CF,-CH,,-CF,H
1,1,1,3,3-Pen tafluoropropane
CTC-12
HFC-227ea
CF:l-CHF-CF:l
1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane
HFC-227ca
CF,-CF,-CF,H
1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptafluoropropane
HFC-245cb
CF,-CF^-CH,
1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluoropropane
HFE-143a
CF,-°-CH:,
1,1,1-Trifluorodimethyl ether
CFC-114
HFC-236ea
CF,-CHF-CF.,H
1,1,1,2,3,3-Hexafluoropropane
HFC-236fa
CFrCH2-CF,
1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropane
HFC-236cb
CF,-CFrCFH,
1,1,1,2,2,3-Hexafluoropropane
HFC-254cb
CF^H-CF.-CH,
1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoropropane
CFC-11!)
HFE-125
CF,-0-CF,,H
1,1,1,2,2-Pentafluorodimethyl ether
4

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(continued from page 4)
done indoors, any fuel leak presents a
major explosion and fire hazard. None of
the alternatives proposed by chemical
producers and none of the AEERL can-
didates have so far proven to be as effec-
tive as Halon-1301. Therefore, AEERL is
working to find new technologies to
improve the performance of the non-
ozone depleting alternative chemicals.
Cosponsors with EPA are British
Petroleum, ARCO, and the Alyeska
Pipeline Companies.
All research is being coordinated
with private industry to encourage fur-
ther development of any new chemicals
or technologies showing substantial pro-
mise. This work can provide valuable
assistance in moving away from ozone-
depleting compounds and toward more
energy-efficient systems. These combined
efforts of government and industry will
ensure that the most promising and
environmentally acceptable alternatives
are brought to the marketplace as rapidly
as possible.
Eor more information, contact N.
Dean Smith, U.S. EPA, AEERL, MD-62B,
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
27711, or call (919) 541-2708.
*	EPA's CFC phaseout regulation was
promulgated July 30, 1992 (57FR 33754),
for phaseout by January 1, 2000. The rule
to accelerate phaseout by December 31,
1995, was proposed March 18, 1993
(58 FR 15014).
*	*EPA promulgated regulations for mobile
air conditioning recycling on July 14, 1992.
EPA's Search for CFC and Halon
Alternatives Outlined
In the mid-1980s, as EPA began considering the implications of regulating CFCs
and halons, the substitution of these chemicals with more environmentally benign
chemicals was considered one possible remedy. However, few, if any, alternative
chemicals were readily available or had been proven applicable to the numerous CFC
and halon uses.
In the spring of 1987, EPA convened a panel of international experts to assess the
potential for alternatives. Halon or CFC compounds in which one or more of the chlorine
or bromine atoms were replaced by hydrogen atoms appeared to be the most promising
because of increased likelihood that the molecules will degrade and dissipate in the
lower atmosphere before reaching the ozone layer. However, increasing the hydrogen
content could lead to undesirable characteristics such as flammability or toxicity, and
removal of the chlorine or bromine could reduce the efficacy of the compounds in cer-
tain applications. Among their formal findings, this expert panel concluded that govern-
ments should sponsor research to enhance knowledge of chemical substitutes, parti-
cularly compounds not under active consideration by chemical manufacturers.
loiter that year, after the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone
Layer was negotiated in September 1987, EPA's AEERL began planning research for
additional alternatives in case the few candidate chemicals that had then been proposed
fell short of expectations.
In 1988, AEERL and the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) formed a coopera-
tive project with the chemistry departments of Clemson University and the University of
Tennessee to synthesize and determine relevant physical properties of numerous fluori-
nated propanes, butanes, and ethers that, on the basis of molecular structure and antici-
pated boiling points, could serve as possible CFC or halon alternatives. These compounds
also possessed molecular features believed to enhance degradation of the compounds in
the troposphere. From that effort, 34 compounds were prepared of sufficient stability
and in sufficient yield and purity to obtain property measurements.
- by N. Dean Smith, AEERL
State-of-the-Art
Facility Integral
to Research
To conduct the more detailed
evaluation of the 11 alternative
refrigerants, AEERL has established
a state-of-the-art refrigeration research
facility consisting of two laboratories:
one for refrigeration applications and
the other for refrigerant property/
materials compatibility.
In the applications laboratory,
chemical mixtures are tested as poten-
tial refrigerants. Two room-size, well-
insulated, temperature- and humidity-
controlled, environmental chambers
are used to obtain performance data
for refrigeration equipment such as
domestic refrigerator/freezers and
stand-alone supermarket cases. The
alternative refrigerants are being
tested in conventional refrigeration
equipment as well as in modified or
prototype systems. The performance
and energy efficiencies of alternative
refrigeration cycles and refrigerants
are evaluated. AEERL is using a
two-step approach to obtain data on
the feasibility and potential of an
alternative cycle, followed by pro-
totype tests to demonstrate the
application.
The properties laboratory
contains equipment and analytical
instrumentation for determining
refrigerant flammability, lubricant/
refrigerant miscibility, and materials
compatibility. Research here focuses
on lubricant selection and potential
incompatibilities of alternative
coolants with refrigeration system
construction materials.
- by Cynthia Gage, AEERL
5

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EPA Publishes Assessment of Environmental Tobacco Smoke
In January, EPA published the
results of a major assessment of the
health risk from exposure to environ-
mental tobacco smoke (MI'S), titled
Respiratory Health Effects of Passive
Smoking: Lung Cancer and Other
Disorders (EPA 600/6-90/006E). EPA
concluded that I"I"S presents a serious
and substantial public health risk and
has classified it as a Group A carcinogen,
a compound shown to cause cancer in
humans. 'Iliis is the same classification
given asbestos and benzene.
EPA's Office of Health and Environ-
mental Assessment (OHEA) prepared
the report, under the authority of Title
IV of the Superfund Amendments and
Reauthorization Act ('Hie Radon Gas and
Indoor Air Quality Research Act of
1986), which directs the EPA to conduct
research and disseminate information
obtained on all aspects of indoor air
quality. Earlier EPA studies of human
exposure to air pollutants indicate that
indoor levels of many pollutants are
significantly higher than outdoor levels
and that most people spend approximately
90 percent of their time indoors at home
or at work. Comparative risk studies
have consistently ranked indoor air pollu-
tion among the top five environmental
risks to public health.
Concern about the health risk from
exposure to ETS, also known as "passive
smoking" or secondhand smoke, has
increased in recent years. Tobacco use is
known to cause lung cancer in humans,
and is a major risk factor for heart
disease. In the United States, tobacco
smoking is recognized as responsible for
an estimated 434,000 deaths each year.
In 1986, the National Research
Council (NRC) and the U.S. Surgeon
General independently assessed the
health effects of exposure to ETS, and
both concluded that ETS can cause lung
cancer in adult nonsmokers and that
children of parents who smoke have an
increased frequency of respiratory tract
infections. In 1988, the EPA's Indoor Air
Division requested that the EPA's Office
of Research and Development (ORD)
undertake an assessment of the respira-
tory health effects of passive smoking.
This scientific assessment by the
ORD's OHEA builds on the NRC and
U.S. Surgeon General reports and is based
on a thorough review of all of the studies
in the available literature, which has
doubled since 1986. EPA analyzed all of
the available data, including more than
30 epidemiologic (human) studies look-
ing specifically at passive smoking as
well as information on active (direct)
smoking. EPA also considered animal
data, biological measurements of human
uptake of tobacco smoke components,
and other data in its analysis.
EPA's conclusion about the public
health risk led to the classification of
E'I"S as a Group A carcinogen (com-
pounds or mixtures that have been
shown to cause cancer in humans, based
on studies in human populations) under
EPA's carcinogen assessment guidelines.
This classification is based on conclusive
evidence that mainstream smoke can
produce dose-related lung cancer in active
smokers and the fact that there are
similarities between mainstream (inhaled)
and sidestream (given off by the burning
end of the cigarette) smoke. Also, a
statistically significant exposure-related
increase in lung cancer in nonsmoking
spouses of U.S. smokers was found from
analyzing more than 30 epidemiology
studies that examined the association
between secondhand smoke and king
cancer. EPA estimates that ETS is
responsible for approximately 3,000 lung
cancer deaths in U.S. nonsmokers
annually.
In children, exposure to ETS was
found to increase the risk of lower
respiratory tract infections (e.g., bron-
chitis and pneumonia). EPA estimates
that ETS exposure is responsible for
f 50,000 to 300,000 of these cases annually
in infants and children up to 18 months
of age, and that from 7,500 to 15,000 of
these cases result in hospitalization. EPA
also concluded that ETS exposure
increases the prevalence of fluid in the
middle ear (a sign of chronic middle ear
disease), irritates the upper respiratory
tract, is associated with a small but
significant reduction in lung function,
and increases the frequency of episodes
and severity of symptoms in 200,000 or
more asthmatic children. The report also
identifies ETS as a risk factor for new
asthmatic cases who have not previously
displayed symptoms. The noncancer
respiratory effects on children were
identified based on a review of more
than 100 studies, including 50
epidemiologic studies of children whose
parents smoke.
Although EPA does not have
regulatory authority for controlling I'TS,
EPA will carry out an education and
outreach program over the next 2 years,
in cooperation with other government
agencies, to inform the public and policy
makers on how to reduce the health
risks of E'I"S as well as other indoor air
pollutants.
A limited number of free copies of
the complete report can be obtained
from the U.S. EPA, Center for Environ-
mental Research Information (CERI), 26
W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati,
Ohio 45268, or call (513) 569-7562. Eor
further information, contact Steve
Bayard, U.S. EPA, ORD, Mail Code
RD-689, 401 M Street, S.W., Washington,
D.C. 20460, or call (202) 260-5722.
Readers
Take Note
EPA does not have an inhala-
tion reference concentration for lead
as indicated in the correction pub-
lished in the January 1993 issue for
the November 1992 article "Indoor
Pistol Range Poses Lead Contamina-
tion Hazard," The 0.09 \xg/m'
(quarterly average) value cited was
developed by EPA Region V
specifically for the East Liverpool,
Ohio, incinerator rule. The Newslet-
ter staff apologizes for any
inconvenience.
6

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1992 NATICH Reports Published
by Vasu Kilaru, EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Ihc NATICH staff is pleased to
announce that the 1992 updates to the
annual reports have been published and
are now available. The titles of the four
reports appear in Table 1 and are
described below.
The NATICH Data Base report con-
tains information concerning Stale and
local air toxics programs. In addition to
providing broad regulatory program
descriptions and contact names, the
report includes information on types of
sources/pollutants permitted, informa-
tion on risk assessment, and ambient air
guidelines. The Data Base report also in-
cludes information on emission inven-
tories, methods development activities,
ambient monitoring, nonhealth-related
impacts, source testing, and pollutant
research. The clearinghouse staff is
presently reviewing the scope of informa-
tion compiled in the data base to
improve its usefulness.
'Hie Ongoing Research and
Regulatory Development Projects report
informs users about current research
and regulatory development projects
underway at EPA, National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health
(N10SH), Agency for Toxic Substances
and Disease Registry (ATSI)R), and
State and local agencies. 'Hie document
is divided into three sections and two
appendices. The first section includes an
introduction and discusses the document
scope and use. Section 2 provides project
descriptions and sponsoring agency and
contact information for 429 air toxics
projects. In the third section, projects are
indexed by agency and project type, and
if appropriate by chemical name, Chemical
Abstract Service (CAS) registration
number, or Standard Industrial Classifi-
cation (SIC) Code. Appendix A lists
regulatory development projects under-
way at EPA's Office of Drinking Water
(ODW). Appendix B lists additional infor-
mation resources for air toxics.
The NATICH Bibliography document
provides users with citations of reports
and Federal Register notices useful in
developing and operating air toxics con-
trol programs. Citations included
in the 1992 Bibliography are primarily
from EPA, National Academy of Sciences
(NAS), National Toxicology Program
(NTP), ATSDR, and relevant reports
published by State and local agencies.
The National Cancer Institute (NCI),
National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences (NIEHS), NIOSH, Inter-
national Agency for Research on Cancer
(IARC), Consumer Products Safety Com-
mission (CPSC), and World Health
Organization (WHO) are also contacted
from the National Computer Center,
on-line data access is easier. Because
information can be downloaded directly,
discontinuing distribution of the reports
should not cause users any problems.
The NATICH staff welcomes your com-
ments on this at (919) 541-0850.
These documents are distributed
free of charge to governmental and non-
profit organizations. To be included on
the mailing list and to receive these and
Table 1.
1992 National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse Reports
Report Title and Number
Price
Ongoing Research and Regulatory Development Projects
(KPA 4.WR-92-005, July 1992)
$34.00
Bibliography of Selected Reports and Federal Register Notices Related
to Air Toxics - Volume 6: Citations - 1992
(KPA 4r>:i/B-92-00r>, July 1992)
$25.00
Bibliography of Selected Reports and Federal Register Notices Related
to Air Toxics - Index 1992 (EPA 453/B-92-007, July 1992)
$62.00
NATICH Data Base Report on State, h>cal and KPA Air Toxics
Activities (KPA 45:VR-92-008, September 1992)
$81.00
each year for information on any air
toxics-related reports or books they may
have published. Volume 6 of the Biblio-
graphy contains citations for documents
published in 1992. The 1992 Bibliography
Index contains a cumulative list of all
citations published to date in all six
volumes since the reports were first pro-
duced in 1987.
Due to budgetary constraints, the
NATICH staff is considering discontinu-
ing the publication and distribution of
these reports. The information contained
in the reports would still be collected,
but would be available only through the
on-line service of the Office of Air Quality
Planning and Standards Technology
Transfer Network (OAQPSTTN). Since
the NATICH data base has been moved*
other documents, call the NATICH staff
at (919) 541-0850.
The private sector may obtain
copies from Radian Corporation by send-
ing a written request and advance pay-
ment to Barbara Maxey, Radian Corpora-
tion, Post Office Box 201088, Austin,
Texas 78720-1088. Document prices
appear in Table 1. The reports will also
be available through the National
Technical Information Service (NTIS) at
(703) 487-4650. The prices through NTIS
are not yet available.
*See related article in the March 1992
Newsletter.
7

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The NATICH Newsletter is published six times a year by the National Air Toxics Information Clearinghouse. The Newsletter
is prepared by Radian Corporation under EPA Contract Number 68-1)1-0125, Work Assignment 2-11. The IT'A Editor is Carol
Jones, EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, Telephone: (919) 541-5341.
The Radian Project Director is Iinda Cooper, Radian Corporation, P. O. Box 13000, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709,
(919)541-9100.
The Newsletter is distributed free of charge. To report address changes, write Meredith Haley, Radian Corporation, P. 0.
Box 13000, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.
The views expressed in the NATICH Newsletter do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute any endorsement or recommendation for
use by EPA.
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Pollutant Assessment Branch, MD-13
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Official Business
Penally for Private Use
$30()
BULK RATE
Postage and Fees I'aid
E.PA.
(i-35
EPA 453/N-93-002
March 1993

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