PRIVATE LANDOWNER S WETLANDS ASSISTANCE GUIDE: Voluntary Options for Wetlands Steward s h i p in Maryland ------- The Private Landowner's Wetlands Assistance Guide: Voluntary Options for Wetlands Stewardship in Maryland This guide was developed for Lwo one-day Maryland workshops held in the fall of 1992 in Eastern and Western Maryland entitled, "A Land Ethic for Wetlands Stewardship: Assisting Private Landowners to Conserve and Manage Wetlands." Cosponsors of the workshops include: Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) American Farmland Trust Association of State Foresters Cooperative Extension Service, USDA Forest Service, USDA Land Trust Alliance Maryland Association of Soil Conservation Districts Maryland Cooperative Extension Service Maryland Department of Agriculture Maryland Department of Natural Resources Eastern Shore Resource and Conservation Development Council Maryland Environmental Trust Soil Conservation Service, USDA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Western Maryland Resource and Conservation Development Council Additional contributors include: Chesapeake Wildlife Heritage Ducks Unlimited Farmers Home Administration, USDA P.H. Glatfeltcr Company National Lands Trust The Nature Company Power & Hall Trust for Public Land Westvaco Corporation For information on availability of additional copies, please contact the Wetlands Protection Hotline at (800) 832-7828. ® Recycled Paper PRINTED WITH SOY INK October 1992 ------- Acknowledgments Many individuals, agencies, and organizations contributed to the development of this reference guide. This reference guide is the culmination of much effort between the many cooperating parties that convened regularly for over fifteen months to organize two workshops: "A Land Ethic for Wetlands Stewardship: Enabling Private Landowners To Conserve and Manage Wetlands," as well as this guide. In recognition of these efforts, special acknowledgment is extended to John Jastrzembski of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Forestry Division, Kevin Smith and George Bcston of the DNR Nontidal Wetlands Division and Pam Bush and Nick Williams of the DNR Maryland Environmental Trust; Ralph Adkins and Jonathan Kays of the Maryland Cooperative Extension Service; Roydcn Powell of the Maryland Department of Agriculture, Lynnc Hoot of the Maryland Association of Soil Conservation Districts; Jim Miller of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Cooperative Extension Service; Gordon Stuart of the USDA Forest Service; Jim Richardson of the Maryland State Office of the USDA Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service; Norman Mclvin and Tom Heislcr of the USDA Soil Conservation Service (SCS); Dave Wilson of the Eastern Shore Resource Conservation and Development Council; Ralph Spagnolo of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) Region III office; Carol Wcinhold of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and Norm Berg of the American Farmland Trust. These individuals responded generously with their time and expertise. We cannot thank them enough for their unselfish support. Other organizations thai contributed to the development of this guide are the USDA Farmers Home Administration, Maryland Department of Agriculture, and Maryland Department of Transportation. This guide would not have been written without the help of our USEPA intern, Lara Whitely, who devoted considerable time and effort to acquiring information, writing the document and incorporating comments. We arc also very grateful to Sara Nicholas at the Environmental Law Institute for acquiring the material and writing the private landowner chapter for the Wetlands Protection Workbook from which this guide drew heavily. Special thanks arc also extended to Judy Johnson and Brad Fisher, USDA SCS, for formatting the document, and to Anne McLaughlin and Mike Godfrey at Lhe Maryland C(x>pcrative Extension Service for producing the document and designing the cover, respectively. We are especially grateful to Jean Hockcr, Kathy Barton, and Karen Dean at the Land Trust Alliance for their advice and expertise; Andrew Johnson of Conservation Advisors, Michael Clark and Randall Arcndt of Natural Lands Trust, for their time and consultation; and Walter G. Van Dorn, Esquire, for legal advice on the chart of available options. We appreciate Curtis Clark for his guidance early in the project. Special recognition goes to Glenn Eugstcr and Jeanne Melanson, USEPA Wetlands Division, for their guidance and supervisory roles throughout this project. Finally, we wish to extend our very sincere thanks to Marjoric Wesley of USEPA Wetlands Division who conceived and managed this project from its beginning to finish. i ------- Foreword This guide was developed for the participants of the Maryland workshops, "A Land Ethic for Wetlands Stewardship: Assisting Private Landowners To Conserve and Manage Wetlands." The guide was written for field staffs of Federal, State, and local agencies, and private and nonprofit organizations. The guide contains information on selecting a management plan and descriptions of existing voluntary options and programs, and a list of contacts. Private landowners value land in many different ways. In addition to using their land as a place to live, many landowners enjoy the natural and cultural resource values of their property for recreation purposes or to enhance the quality of their lives. Many landowners have long practiced voluntary land and water conservation as a way to manage and retain the special natural and cultural values of their property. This type of "stewardship" has contributed considerably to meeting State and national conservation goals at little or no cost to the government. Private landowners also value their land as an economic investment and a source of income. The economic value or potential of a landowner's properly is typically of great importance to the owner and often will influence the decisions made about the existing and future use of the land. As a result, the conservation of private lands requires an approach which is sensitive to the economic value of land and a landowner's long- and short-range plans and expectations for the property. The options and programs identified in this guide are intended to provide private landowners who are interested in conservation with information about public and private assistance programs which arc available. The guide may be viewed as a way to help private landowners conserve and manage wetlands and other natural resources while attempting to simultaneously meet their economic needs and goals. As a portfolio of alternatives, the guide attempts to bring to people's attention all of the government and private sector financial and technical assistance programs which they may be eligible for should their property possess certain natural values. This approach is based on a scries of successful private land conservation efforts which have illustrated that landowners can achieve natural resource protection and economic goals. The guide offers the following types of assistance: • Technical assistance in wetlands creation and restoration, landowner master plans, management of wildlife, forestry, and agriculture; • financial incentives including cash benefits, limited development opportunities, cost sharing, tax incentives, agriculture and forest lands, wildlife agreements, and conservation management agreements; and, • education and outreach opportunities for marketing voluntary wetlands conservation programs. Many options have been used historically. These options may be used individually or in combination. We hope this reference guide will enable field staffs to recommend a management plan that will offer optimal conservation of the wetlands resource while meeting the goals of a private landowner. J. Glenn Eugster Chief, Wetlands Strategies and State Programs Branch U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ii ------- Table of Contents Acknowledgments Foreword * Tabic of Contents Introduction " 5 About The Private Landowner's Wetlands Assistance Guide 1 Compliance Requirements 2 Landowner Planning: Choosing Conservation and Management Strategics Choosing Voluntary Options For Protecting Privately Owned WcUands: Examples of Landowner Planning 4 The Decision Tree: Choosing the Best Options for I lie Landowner 7 General Landowner Options Tabic 1.—If the landowner wishes to retain ownership and guide future use of thc properly 8 Conservation Easements Leases Management Agreements Mutual Covenants Restoration Limited Development Strategics Transfer of Development Rights Table 2— If thc landowner wishes to transfer the title with compensation 10 Sale options Tabic 3.—If the landowner wishes to transfer thc title without compensation tl Donation of land Sources of Assistance Programs and Land Characteristics: A Quick Reference Guide 12 Landowner Program Descriptions 13 Federal Programs Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service Agricultural Conservation Program 13 Conservation Reserve Program 13 Water Quality Incentives Program 14 Wetlands Reserve Program 14 Farmers Home Administration Farmers Home Administration Wetlands Related Options 15 Fish and Wildlife Service North American WetlandsConseivation Act... .... 15 North American Waterfowl Management Plan Joint Venture Projects.. •• J6 Private Lcincls Assistance and Restoration Program (Partners for WiWlifc) 16 m ------- Forest Service Forestry Incentives Program 17 Forest Stewardship Program/Stewardship Incentive Program 18 Soil Conservation Service Technical Assistance 18 Financial Assistance 19 Maryland State Programs Department of Agriculture Maryland Agricultural Water Quality Cost Share Program 20 Department of Natural Resources Maryland Buffer Incentives Program 20 Maryland Woodland Incentives Program 21 Maryland Greenways Program 21 Maryland Non-Structural Shore Erosion Control Act 22 Nontidal Wetlands Protection Program 22 Program Open Space 23 Maryland Waterfowl Restoration Program 23 Wild Acres Program 24 Wildlife Habitat Improvement Program 24 Department of Transportation Maryland State Highway Administration Mitigation Options 25 Maryland Cooperative Extension Service Extension Natural Resource Education Programs 25 Non-Profit Organizations and Land Trust Programs Farm Legacy Program 27 Chesapeake Care 27 Waterfowl Festival Sanctuary Program 28 The MARSH Program 28 MET Conservation Easement Program 29 Natural Area Registries 29 Private, Industrial Programs Glatfcltcr Cost-Share Program 31 Westvaco Cost-Share Program 31 Maryland Tree Farm Program 32 Appendix 1: Federal and State Addresses 33 Appendix 2: Land Trust and Private Organization Addresses 36 iv ------- Notes ------- Introduction The future of our wetlands is closely linked to land-use decisions made by the stewards of the wetlands resource. Approximately three-quarters of the Nation's remaining wetlands in the lower 48 Stales arc privately owned. Therefore, the role of the private landowner in wetlands conservation is crucial. To help the landowner become an effective steward, those who work with the landowner should be provided with a broad array of voluntary conservation and management options from which to choose a stewardship strategy. The voluntary programs and contacts described in the following pages are designed to provide the essential tools for effective stewardship. What arc wetlands? Why arc wetlands important? Why do we want to conserve wetlands? These arc commonly asked questions with answers that become clearer as wetlands research expands. Previously misunderstood as wastelands, wetlands arc now being recognized for their vital ecological and socioeconomic roles in the environment. With over 54 percent of the Nation's original wetlands lost (excluding Alaska) and an additional 200,000 acres disappearing every year, protecting the remaining wedands within our country has become a national priority. What Are Wetlands? Wetlands arc defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Army Corps of Engineers (COE) as "those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater for a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions." Wetlands are commonly referred to as swamps, marshes, bogs, prairie potholes, and bottomland hardwoods. Why Are Wetlands Important? Wedands provide many vital ecological and socioeconomic values and functions. Wetlands improve water quality by removing chemicals and excess nutrients, recycling nutrients, and removing sediment; functioning in groundwater and surface water supply; reducing surface runoff and soil erosion; serving as habitat to fish, shellfish, waterfowl, and other wildlife; and providing opportunities for recreation, scientific study, and aesthetic enjoyment. Why Do We Want To Conserve Wetlands? Wetlands are also a very integral part of our economy. The U.S. coastal marine fishing industry annually harvests over $10 billion of commercial wetlands- dependent fish and shellfish, including trout, perch, catfish, menhaden, shrimp, oyster, and blue crab. Wetlands save millions in annual flood, erosion, and storm damage by temporarily storing Hood waters and slowing water velocities. Damages from these problems already cost the Nation S3 to $4 billion annually. Wetlands can also be used to process domestic wastes, saving millions in waste treatment facilities costs. Finally, over $10 billion is spent annually by an estimated 50 million people on fishing, hunting, boating, nature study, photography, and swimming in wetland areas. Over the last two hundred years, the United States has lost over 117 million acres of its wetlands through dredge and fill activities, drainage, development, pollution, and natural causes. This loss accounts for 54 percent of the total wetlands in the continental United States during the colonial period. Ten states, including Maryland, have lost 70 percent or more of their original wetlands; 22 states have lost 50 percent or more. These losses continue to have severe implications for the environment. As more wetlands arc lost upstream, erosion, flooding, and sedimentation of lakes and rivers increases downstream. Furthermore, the decrease in wetlands has affected waterfowl and other wildlife populations dependent on wetlands. Decreasing populations of waterfowl, fish, and shellfish arc a few of the impacts caused by wetlands losses. As understanding and appreciation for wetlands increases, there has been a growing number of voluntary programs to help landowners act as stewards of their land by conserving and restoring wetlands. Through the conscious efforts of concerned citizens, State resource agencies, and local, State, and Federal governments, wetlands have and continue to receive increased protection. About the Private Landowner's Wetlands Assistance Guide The Private Landowner's Wetlands Assistance Guide is a comprehensive guide to Federal, State, and private/non- profit programs offering technical and/or financial assistance to private wetland owners within the State of Maryland. Through the information provided in this guide, those involved in the planning and production ------- of "A Land Ethic for Wetlands Stewardship: Enabling Private Landowners To Conserve and Manage Wetlands" workshops in Maryland hope the guide will open new possibilities for wcUands conservation, restoration, and management on private lands. Pages 3-7 describe the landowner planning process often used by land trusts and State Natural Resource agencies to help match voluntary programs and conservation options to the landowner's specific needs. The success of any conservation program hinges on how appropriate the program is for the landowner embarking on the program. It is critical to make the most suitable match between conservation/management goals of a program and the landowner's conservation/ management plans. By identifying the landowner's goals, objectives, and other considerations, the landowner can choose the best program for his or her property from the menu of available programs. Pages 8-11 contain a general chart listing and defining the various general options available to landowners for wetlands conservation. The chart also lists the advantages and disadvantages associated with each option so that the landowner can identify those types of options that arc most appealing to his or her specific needs. Page 12 is a compatibility matrix matching financial, technical, and educational assistance with the programs described in the Guide. This chart can help the direct the landowner to a program matching his or her stewardship goals and objectives. Pages 13-32 contain descriptions of the voluntary Federal, State, and private, nonprofit and industrial programs operating in Maryland for landowners with wetlands. Having identified the goals and objectives of the landowner through the planning process, the landowner can look for the specific programs meeting his or her objectives in these pages. Finally, in the appendices, are the addresses and phone numbers of Federal and State agencies (Appendix 1), and the National, Regional, and local land trusts in Maryland (Appendix 2). Landowners are encouraged to explore all options and programs within and beyond the scope of those described in the Guide. Compliance Requirements In selecting voluntary options lor wetlands conservation and management, landowners need to be aware of f ederal, Suite, and local requirements and conditions for use and management of wetlands. At the Federal level, these requirements include: (a) Section 4(>4 of the Clean Water Act, which requires a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers for discharges of dredged or fill material into waters of the United Slates, including most wetlands. (h) The Food Security Act (FSA) of 1985, which provides that landowners who receive U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) program benefits must comply with the wetland and highly erodiblc land requirements. Any person who plants an agricultural commodity on a wetland that was converted alter December 23, 19X5, or converts a wetland after November 2X, 1990, is ineligible for USDA program benefits. Farmers who plant agricultural commodities on highly erodible land must do so according to an approval conservation plan. At the Slate level, these requirements include: (a) Compliance with the SLate Nontidal Wetlands Protection Act. A permit or other authorization is required from ihe Maryland Department of Natural Resources for any regulated activity in a nontidal wetland or buffer. Regulated activities include the alteration of vegetation, excavation, filling, changing the existing drainage patterns, disturbance of the water level of the water Lablc, How patterns, and fUxxl retention characteristics. (b) Pond permits from DNR's Dam Safety Division for Ponds and Waterway Construction permits for any alteration of construction in the l(X)-ycar floodplain. (c) Compliance with the Critical Areas Law which regulates all activities within UXM) feet of tidal waters. 2 ------- Landowner Planning: Choosing Conservation and Management Strategies Whether wetlands occur on some or all of the property owned by private landowners, choosing the right combination of actions to take is crucial to the success of any conservation or management program. Landowners vary by lifestyle, financial needs, conservation goals, and types of wetlands on their property. The applicability of any one program to a landowner will change as these different factors arc taken into account. Before any program is begun, landowners should examine all circumstances influencing their decisions and identify areas of specific concern. Defining Goals, Objectives, Problems, and Opportunities for the Landowner The necessary steps for determining the best options for conserving and managing privately owned wetlands may vary between States and conservation organizations. There are, however, a number of background factors central to the decision process. These factors help to define the landowner's goals and objectives, evaluate the property, and assess problems and opportunities. With this information, the most suitable options for the landowner can be identified. Factors to be considered include: • Establishing the overall objectives and needs of the landowner. - What is the landowner's need for cash from his/her property and its wetlands? - What is the owner's ability to carry costs of owning and managing the properly and its wetlands? - What are the owner's estate planning interests? - What is the owner's and family's interest in living on the property? - What are the owner's conservation interests, particularly with respect to any wetlands on the property? - Are there any other special needs to be considered? • Evaluating the general area. - What are the land ownership patterns and interests of neighboring landowners - What are the land use trends and associated agents of change, such as accessibility and sewage treatment facilities? - What arc the current zoning and other land use controls? - What arc the real estate market conditions (as indicated by current listings and recent comparable sales)? - What are the characteristics of the area's natural landscapes and watershed, and their suitablities for conservation and development? • Evaluating the specific property. - Docs the property have wetlands? If so, what types of wetlands (forested wetlands, marshes, bogs)? - Have the different vegetative, soil, and habitat characteristics been identified for the wetlands on the property? - Can the property be developed without damaging the wetlands? If wetlands might be damaged, some voluntary conservation options should not be used. If the property contains wedands sensitive to human intrusion and alteration, voluntary options allowing development, farming, or forestry of the area may threaten these areas. On the other hand, some well-planned development and recreational use may be compatible with the conservation wetlands. • Assessing problems and opportunities. - Physical considerations: What is the suitability of the property for different uses, its current condition, and its proximity to highways and public facilities and services? - Legal limitations: Are there limitations placed upon the property or its wetlands by existing Federal or State regulations, deed restrictions, and/or municipal zoning? - Market considerations: What is the property's potential use based upon local real estate market trends and the property's physical characteristics? - Financial considerations: What are the current and future likely costs and income related to maintaining the wetlands on the property with its present uses? Acquisition of wetlands is a priority for many land trusts, especially in States such as Maryland where wetlands are continually threatened by development and pollution. Ownership of the wetland by a private land trust may be best when the property would not be heavily used nor require expensive regular maintenance. Private stewardship of a wetland protected by 3 ------- conservation restrictions is ideal when the wetland will remain in private ownership, but needs continuing legal protection of its special features or scenic character. Choosing Voluntary Options For Protecting Privately Owned Wetlands: Examples of Landowner Planning Case Study 1: Dorchester County A landowner in Dorchester County, Maryland, will have approximately 6.5 acres of wetlands restored on his property in the fall of 1992. The project site was cropland that was ineffectively drained with shallow ditches. Corn and soybean crops grown in the project area suffered from the high water levels, and did not produce yields similar to other portions of the landowner's cropland. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service will fund the project, and the Maryland Department of Natural Resources is coordinating with the landowner and arranging for construction. A low bcrm will block the effect of the drainage ditches and hold approximately 12- 18 inches of water. A water control structure will allow gradual drawdown of water levels in the spring. During the summer, seeds of native vegetation will germinate. Plants will mature and set seed during the summer. In the fall, the water level will be returned to full pool and remain throughout the winter. Plant seeds produced during the summer will be available to shorebirds and waterfowl. Upon completion of the project, the landowner will be responsible for maintaining the bcrm and manipulating the water levels. He will be allowed to hunt on the site, within legal hunting seasons. Case Study 2: Harford County A farmer with a milking parlor had water quality problems with the parlor and dairy water resulting from his dairy operation. The milky water, which often carried manure and milk solids, flowed from a pipe outlet onto his crop fields and into a nearby crcck. To improve the quality of the water from the milking parlor, the farmer contacted the Soil Conservation Service for assistance. The Soil Conservation Service built a solid separator over which water from the parlor would run. The separator slows the water and allows particulates to settle out. The water is then channeled into a broad- based diversion swale that had previously been cropland. A bcrm was constructed on the lower side of the swale to trap the water and prevent it from running overland. As a result of broadening the base of the swale and constructing the bcrm, water sits at shallow depths (usually about IK"), saturates the soil, and allows for the development of wetland vegetation. The vegetation in litis created wetland filters the waicr and improves the water quality by taking up excess nutrients. Case Study J: Kent Island A landowner owns a 380-acrc larin on Kent Island. Of the 3X0 acres, 200 acres arc wetlands. Wanting lo preserve his wetlands and forest land from development, llie landowner contacted the Maryland Environmental Trust to put a conservation casement on the 200 acres of wetlands and adjoining forests. The properly is considered a resource conservation area, the most environmentally sensitive critical-area designation. In the 10 years the landowner has owned the properly, he has installed three ponds to intercept rainwater front llie farm and constructed buffer strips between the wetlands and farm fields lo catch more runoff. Nesting boxes for ducks stand on poles in one of the ponds. The landowner also leaves some corn and sorghum standing in a field for ducks and geese. Under the easement, the wetlands must remain perpetually as open space. The easement also reduces the number of houses allowed to be built on the total farm from 18 to 10, and prohibiting any development within the wetlands. The landowner realizes several benefits from placing llie easement on his property: he can hunt deer and waterfowl on his property, he is eligible to participate in habitat and forestry cost-share programs, he enjoys the aesthetic value of his property, and he is eligible for a 15-year property tax credit. Case Study 4: Charles County It is possible to do the right thing for the environment and for one's enjoyment and at same time make some money and pay less taxes. Mr. and Mrs. Tatrik own about 100 acres. Desiring to be good stewards of the land, the Tatricks spoke with professionals from various Suite and local agencies and private consultants to learn what should be done for die betterment of the woodlands and fields they own. The landowners learned that the best way to meet iheir needs and the needs of their woodland was the development of a short-term 15-year management plan. Since 95 percent of their property is woodland and the oilier 5 percent is composed of fields, the landowners realized that the best method of meeting their needs was to have a licensed professional forester develop a short term management plan. The landowners met with the forester early one morning in January. Over a few cups of coffee, the landowners identified the most important part of a forest 4 ------- management plan: their objectives. Objectives can only be determined by the landowner. If the forester docs not fully understand or misinterprets the goals of the landowners, the management plan will be useless. Typical objectives usually include a combination of wildlife habitat enhancement, aesthetics, recreation, protection of endangered species, forest products, and protection from fire and insect outbicaks. The landowners wanted to be good stewards of their property: they wanted to leave the woodland in better condition than currently existed. They also wanted to harvest timber without impacting a nearby eagles' nest or forested wetlands on the property. Also of importance, the landowners wished to learn more about any endangered species that may occur on the property in order to manage for the preservation of these species. Made aware of the objectives, the licensed professional forester conducted an inventory of the property to determine the type, age, health and vigor, and status of the vegetation. The forester also consulted with wildlife habitat biologists and endangered species biologists to determine if there were any endangered species on the property and, if so, what to do to best manage for these species. Wetlands and soil types were also identified. Once all of the groundwork was completed, the forester met with the Tatrik's again to summarize the results of the inventory: eagle protection areas were delineated, wetlands were identified, tree species composition was determined. Also, a threatened species was found on the property. The landowners also learned that highly credible soils were found close to the endangered species. The landowners concurred with the licensed professional forester that their main concern was protection of the threatened species and eagle site. But they also wanted to harvest timber in an environmentally sensitive fashion to defray the cost of taxes and to help pay for their new-born daughter's college education in 17 years. With clear and succinct objectives. The licensed forester went back to her office to develop the management plan. In short, a plan was developed for the landowners which included a 200-foot buffer around a threatened plant. This special management area was not to be set aside but needed to be clear-cut. Apparently the plant was an early succcssional species meaning it needed full sunlight. Trees growing up around the species needed to be removed in order that the threatened species would obtain ample sunlight enabling it to thrive. Within this 200 foot radius, trees would be clear cut and the area brush logged every three years to keep trees from growing and shading the endangered plant. This management practice had another benefit too. Quail habitat was being created. Quail utilize disturbed areas. The habitat protection zones of the eagle site were confirmed. Upon consultation with a wildlife biologist, the forester learned that the nest was active and that two young eagles were reared last year. The nest needed to be protected. A zone system was established to prevent disturbance of the eagles. In the first zone (within 330 feet of the nest), disturbance was prohibited. The landowners were encouraged to place a hiking trail to view the nests. In the second zone (330 feet to 660 feet) thinning could occur to promote the health and vigor of the woodland and reduce the risk of damaging wildfires by constructing an eight fool wide mowed trail. In all probability if a fire occurred on this site and reached the fire break it wold burn itself out and not jump the fire break. In the third zone (660 to 880 feet), more active management could occur from mid- December to mid-June. The forester explained that within the third zone a 12 acre pathologically mature Virginia pine was present. The trees were infected with fungi which caused the trees to decay in the roots and stem. These trees needed to be removed and the site replanted with a more tolerant species of pine that could be managed on a longer rotation. By doing this the site would be disturbed less frequently. The remainder of the woodland was divided into four stands. Stands are management units which are based upon soil, vegetation age, species, and site quality. Two of the stands were composed of young hardwood stands. It was recommended that the stands be left undisturbed for the next fifteen years. It appeared that the trees were growing at a good rate. However, seven trees per acre, in clusters, should be girdled (cut with an ax completely around the stem to restrict the flow of moisture and nutrients), thereby killing the trees. Apparently standing dead trees would provide habitat for cavity dwelling birds, invertebrates and small mammals. This type of habitat was lacking on the woodlot and would be enhanced by girdling some trees. The third stand included the highly erodible area. This area needed to be conserved. However, eight, highly valuable, Paulownia trees were inventoried in this area. These trees were being stunted. It was determined by the forester that these trees could be harvested without disturbing the soil. Although the trees were worth $6,000 now, if the trees around the Paulownia were removed, the Paulownia would grow faster and in five years the value would double; in ten years the value would quadruple. However, if the trees remain standing for longer than 15 years they would begin to decay and in 20 years the Paulownia trees would decay to a point rendering them worthless. 5 ------- The fourth stand was composed of overstocked yellow poplar trees. These trees were competing for existing nutrients, moisture and sunlight. Because of this competition, tree growth was severely limited. The forester recommended thinning out the poorly formed and economically undesirable trees to increase the growth rate. By removing 30 percent of the trees in the stand, the forester estimated that the rate of growth would increase substantially. In terms of financial return the trees were currently growing at a 4 percent rate of return. If the stand was thinned, the growth rale could be improved to a point where the rale of return was 13 percent. In addition, the trees would be maturing in 15 to 20 years at which time they could be harvested to help pay for their daughter's education. In addition, yellow poplar regenerates naturally following a clear cut. Planting would not be necessary to replace Ihc forest. Even though a portion of this stand was in a wetland the harvesting could occur. In the forester's judgment, harvesting trees in die wetland would nol have a negative impact on the wetland. The plan was presented to the Tatrik's. Specific questions as to how to achieve the recommendations were addressed by the forester. The landowners felt that the plan would enable them to meet their objectives and, in particular, enable them to enhance the vigor and quality of their woodland. In addition, they now had goals for their property. The landowners could strive to leave their woodland in better condition than it was in currently. 6 ------- The Decision Tree: Choosing the Best Option or Options for the Landowner With a firm understanding of the landowner's objectives, properly, and potential problems and opportunities (as identified by responses to the above questions, it is possible proceed towards choosing the option or options best suited for the landowner. A simple, frequently used approach for choosing the best option or options for a landowner is found in the decision tree below. The foremost questions to ask in choosing the best option or options are (1) docs the landowner want to do something with the wetlands on higher land, (2) docs the landowner wish to retain ownership of the land, and (3) does the landowner wish to manage the property exclusively? Docs the landowner wish to continue owning the wetlands? Yes Does the landowner wish to manage the property exclusively? No Docs the landowner wish compensation for selling property? Yes No Yes No Management agreements Technical assistance Limited development options Conservation easements Leases Mutual covenants Limited development options Transfer of development rights Sale: • Full market value • Bargain sale • Installment sale ¦ Right of first refusal Donation: • Outright donation • Donation by devise • Donation with reserved life estate Does the landowner wish to voluntarily restrict future use of the property when the title is transferred? Yes No Normal transfer of title Conservation easements (prior to transfer) ------- General Landowner Options Table 1-—If the landowner wishes to retain ownership and guide future use of the property. Options Description Advantages Disadvantages Conservation Easements A perpetual legal agreement between a private property owner and a qualified conservation organization to voluntarily place restrictions on the type and amount of development that may take place on a piece of property and to protect significant natural features, including wildlife or wildlife habitat. • If perpetual, easements provide Federal income, estate, and gift tax benefits; • allows the property owner to retain ownership of the wetland while potentially receiving income, estate, and property tax reductions; • easement restrictions are flexible within certain guidelines and can be adapted to fit the needs of the landowner; and • easements may provide permanent protection for the wetland. • Usually involves giving up some rights relating to the use of property; • easements may or may not be perpetual; and • the landowner is responsible for maintenance and other costs of the land. Leases Agreements for the rental of land by a landowner to a conservation organization or agency for a specified period of time. • The landowner receives payment on a monthly basis for the leased property; • leases provide an alternative if landowners do not wish to transfer their land to a conservation agency or organization but want to see it used or protected by such a group for a period of years; • certain restrictions can be incorporated into the lease to guide the activities of the conservation agency on the land, including provisions to terminate the lease if the conservation agency does not use the property as directed; and • the impact of the lease on the value of the land may be taken into account when estate taxes are calculated. Unless restrictions are made by the landowner, leases generally allow unrestricted and exclusive control of the land by the agency leasing the property. Management Agreements An agreement between the landowner and a conservation agency whereby either the landowner or conservation agency agrees to manage his/her property in a certain manner consistent with the goals of the conservation agency and the landowner. • Direct payments and other types of cost-share assistance may be available to the landowner; • management of a property involves creating a landowner management plan based on one's needs; • the organization that helps develop the plan often provides management assistance and monitors compliance; and • ordinarily it is easier to terminate than a lease and does not involve exclusive possession of property. Management agreements are not permanent. ------- Options Description Advantages Disadvantages Mutual Covenants Mutual covenants involve agreements between nearby or adjacent landowners to control the future use of their land through restrictions agreed upon by all participating landowners. • Mutual covenants are permanent and can be enforced by any of the landowners or future landowners of the involved properties; • there is significant incentive to comply with the restrictions knowing the landowner's neighbors are aware of what can and cannot be done on their property; and • mutual covenants can reduce property taxes. The loss in market value from mutual covenants cannot be claimed as a charitable deduction on income tax returns. Restoration Involves the active rehabilitation of a degraded wetland to recover its natural attributes, functions, and values. • Technical and financial assistance is available for restoration projects; and • landowner can realize economic gains from the TecTeational and commodity benefits of (restored) wetlands. • Can be expensive; and • restoration success varies with the extent of hydrologic damage. Limited Development Strategies Involves the sensitive development of the least environmentally significant portions of the property in order to finance conservation of the remaining property and meet landowner economic needs and goals. • Limited development strategies may allow enough funds to be raised to protect the remaining significant environmental areas, especially where land values are high; • a combination of limited development strategies combined with conservation techniques may achieve the landowner's financial needs; and • tax advantages may be realized from recording an easement over the undeveloped part of the land. • Limiting development of the land entails foregoing some of its potential profitability; and • it may be difficult to determine which areas of the property are the least environmentally active. Transferable Development Rights (TDRs) A method of relocating potential development from an area where the local government wishes to limit development to an area where it is willing to see increased development; local government enacts TDR structure through local zoning ot other land use ordinance or regulation; the landowner is allowed to sell development "credits" to a purchaser in an area where the local government is prepared to allow development at increased densities. • The transfer protects wetlands and other ecologically significant features of the land without curtailing development in the area; • TDRs allow land to remain in the private sector while avoiding undesirable development; • TDRs do not require the expenditure of public funds for acquisition, but have same effect; and • TDRs may result in a reduced property tax assessment of the "donor" land after transfer of the development credit. • Use is limited to States and counties with enabling legislation; • complicated standards for the allocation, purchase, and sale of development rights must be established to provide a legally defensible system; • planning and administrative costs are high; and • it is difficult to accurately apportion development credits among landowners. ------- Table 2.—If the landowner wishes to transfer the title with compensation Option Description Advantages Disadvantages Sale options There are four sales options that can be applied to wetlands: 1. Sale at fair market value—the landowner receives full market value for the land. 2. Bargain sale—the landowner agrees to sell the land to a conservation organization at a price below full market value; the difference between the full market price and the selling price becomes a donation. 3. Installment sale—outright sale of a piece of property by a landowner where all or part of the consideration is deferred and paid in successive years. 4. Right of first refusal—binds a landowner to giving a conservation agency the option to match the purchase offer and acquire the land if the owner is approached by another buyer. • Sale at full market value allows the landowner to receive full value for land; • bargain sale may make the landowner eligible for a charitable tax deduction and reduces the capital gains tax; • installment sale defers actual payment of tax on the capital gain until the purchase money with which to pay the tax is actually in hand;and • right to first refusal gives a conservation organization extra time to acquire the funds necessary for purchasing the land. • Most conservation groups have a very limited budget and cannot afford the full market value for wetlands; • if the land value has appreciated since it was bought, the landowner will be liable for income tax on the capital gain; and • government agencies may have the funds but they apply selective criteria to their purchases. ------- Table 3.—If the landowner wishes to transfer the title without compensation Option Description Advantages Disadvantages Donation of land There are three types of land donations: 1. Outright donation—Grants full title and ownership to the conservation organization, community, or government agency receiving the donated property. 2. Donation by deathtime transfer— Donation of land through a will. 3. Donation with reserved life estate— Donation of land with retention of rights by the landowner to use all or part of the donated land during his/her lifetime and the lifetimes of designated family members. • Donation is an excellent way to provide total protection for wetlands and ensure the wetlands will be maintained and enchanced; • landowners can receive income tax deductions and possibly estate, gift, and property tax breaks; • grants communities and conservation organizations vital wetland areas they might not have been able to purchase; • outright donation is simple, eliminates most negotiations, and can be conducted quickly; • donation by deathtime transfer allows the landowner to retain full use and control over his or her land while alive and to ensure the land's protection after the owner is deceased; • donation by deathtime transfer reduces estate taxes and may benefit heirs with reduced inheritance taxes; • donation with reserved life estate allows the landowner to continue to live on and use the property during their lifetime while also securing the land's future protection; and • donation with reserved life estate allows designation for family members or other persons only, without any reservations by the landowner. • The landowner loses potential income from the sale of the land; • maintenance and other associated costs taken on by the organization or agency receiving the property may be more costly than easements to the agency or group; • there is no income tax deduction for a donation by deathtime transfer; • the landowner is responsible for property taxes for as long as he or she remains in possession of the land; • tax relief from a donation with reserved life estate generally applies to personal residence or farm—wetlands may not necessarily qualify; and • there may not be a guarantee of perpetual preservation unless legally enforceable controls are imposed in the grant. If the landowner wishes to guide future use of the property through transfer of the property, he/she should consider donating a conservation easement for the property to another organization before transferring the property in fee through a normal transfer (i.e., sale ot donation). If the landowner does not wish to restrict future use of the property, he/she can transfer the property through a normal transfer. ------- Sources of Assistance Programs and Land Characteristics: A Quick Reference Guide The following matrix lists Lhe programs explained in this book and the land characteristics that arc applicable to each program. This matrix may be used as a general quick reference guide. Boxes with bullets indicate which land characteristics is applicable to each. Below arc listed the acronyms used in the matrix. • CRP, Conservation Reserve Program • WRP, Wetlands Reserve Program • ACP, Agricultural Conservation Program • MACS, Maryland Agricultural Water Quality Cost-Share Program • WQ1P, Water Quality Incentive Program • NAWMP, North American Waterfowl Management Plan Joint Venture Projects « NAWCA, North American Wetlands Conservation Act • FIP, Forestry Incentives Program • FSP, Forestry Stewardship Program • SIP, Stewardship Incentives Program • FmHA, Farmers Home Administration • BIP, Buffer Incentives Program • SHA, Stale Highway Administration • AFP, American Farmland Trust Program name CRP WRI» Wetlands • Prior converted wetlands • • Farmed wetlands HKL* filterstrips « HKL** critical areas • Delamrva bays • • * Woodland • ACP MACS WQIP Private Lands Assistance and Restoration Program NAWMP NAWCA • • • • • « « « • • • • • * • • • • • • • • • • IIP 1-SP SIP • • * • • • • • • « • • • • 1'milA—Wetlands Related • • • • Maryland Nen-sinjctural Shore Frosion Control Act • • • • Maryland Waterfowl Restoration Program HIP • • • • • • • • • • Maryland Grcenways Program Program Open Space SUA Mitigation Option • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 9 • • Private Lands Program Nature Area Registeries Farm Leeacy Program (AM) * * • • • • • • • • * • Chcaspcakc Care Program Maryland Environmental Trust Conservation Easement • • ¦ • • * • ¦ * HEL—Highly Erodiblc Land . ** HEL Critical Areas—refers to any land with steep slope and has a signilicant erosion problem. 12 ------- Landowner Program Descriptions: Federal Programs Agricultural Conservation Program Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service Maryland State ASCS Office (Appendix 1) Description—The Agricultural Conservation Program (ACP) encourages voluntary compliance with Federal and Suite requirements for solving point and nonpoini source pollution on farms and ranches. ACP provides cost-sharc funds for approved practices providing long term and community-wide benefits. These practices include establishing permanent vegetative cover, erosion control, wildlife enhancement, and developing new or restoring existing shallow water areas. ACP is administered by Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS) State and county offices with technical assistance and program guidance provided by the U.S. Forest Service and State forestry agencies, the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), and the Cooperative Extension Service. How the Program Works—ACP agreements can be for one year or more. When entering an agreement, the farmer pays the total cost of establishing the approved conservation practices and is then reimbursed for the government's share of the cost, which may range up to 75 percent of total costs for annual agreements. The maximum cost-sharc limitations for annual conservation management plans is S3,500 per year. Long-term agreements require the development of a conservation plan by the SCS and approval of the plan by the Soil and Water Conservation District and the ASCS county office. Lump sum payments in excess of $3,500 may be authorized for a long term agreement under certain conditions. Farmers and ranchers may enter into pooling agreements to jointly solve mutual conservation problems. Regional Use—National. Eligibility—The practices approved for cost-sharing must result in long term and community-wide benefits. The practices should also be those that the farmer or rancher would not, or could not, undertake without financial and technical assistance. Conservation applications must be approved by the ASCS County Committee, which is made up of elected county producers. The producer making an application must own between 10 and 1000 acres to be eligible. Contact the nearest County ASCS Office for more details on a particular program. Conservation Reserve Program Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service Maryland Slate ASCS Office (Appendix 1) Description—The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), introduced in the Food Security Act of 1985, and amended by the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990, encourages farmers to enroll highly erodible cropland and/or land contributing to a serious water quality problem into the reserve for 10-15 years. In return, farmers receive annual rental payments for the land, cost-sharing, and technical assistance to plant vegetation for conservation. Major goals of CRP include reducing soil erosion and sedimentation, improving water quality, maintaining fish and wildlife habitat, and providing support income to farmers. The CRP is administered by the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS) in cooperation with the Soil Conservation Service (SCS), Cooperative Extension Service, State forestry agencies, and local soil and water conservation districts. How the Program Works—Farmers can bid to enroll their highly erodible land and land in a special emphasis watershed in the CRP program during specified sign-up periods at their local county ASCS office. The bids state the annual rental payment per acre the farmer would be willing to accept for converting their eligible cropland to permanent vegetative cover. Conservation plans describing the conservation measures and maintenance requirements to be carried out by the owner or operator during the contract term must also be submitted and agreed upon by the participant and the district conservationist. The standard reserve contract is 10 years, but ASCS also accepts easement contracts of 15 or 30 years for special conservation cover applications. Annual rental payments may not exceed $50,000 per person per year and cannot be higher than local rental rates for comparable land. Rental payments are not counted against payment limitations applicable to commodity price support and production adjustment programs. CRP 13 ------- also includes cost-share incentives. CRP participants can receive up to 50 percent cost-share from ASCS for establishing vegetative cover and may also receive up to 50 percent cost-share for establishing water quality and conservation measures. Once the land has been accepted into the reserve program, the land cannot be farmed during the term of the contract. Regional Use—National. Eligibility—CRP eligibility is limited to highly erodiblc land and land that is contributing to a serious water quality problem, and/or prior converted wetlands (wetlands farmed prior to December 23, 1985). Other requirements apply. Contact the County ASCS Office near you for more detailed information. Water Quality Incentives Program Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service Maryland State ASCS Office (Appendix 1) Description—The Water Quality Incentives Program (WQIP) is a voluntary incentive program designed to protect water sources on farmlands through 3-5 year agreements with the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS). These agreements require the development and implementation of a water quality management program that provides water quality benefits and that may provide additional wetlands protection and wildlife benefits. How the Program Works—ASCS provides technical assistance, cost-sharing assistance, annual incentive payments, and information, education and training for development and implementation of WQIP programs. Participants agree to implement the program and accurately report on wastes and chemical uses on the enrolled acreage. Crop production can continue on the enrolled acreage. The WQIP is a new program that is not yet fully in effect. Current funding for WQIP comes from the Agricultural Conservation Program (ACP). Funds are used to develop and run water quality incentive programs practiced in a manner consistent with WQIP. The WQIP programs established with the ACP funds are labeled as Water Quality Demonstration/Special Projects. Regional Use—In 1992, WQIP was limited to Demonstration/Special Project Areas. In 1993, WQIP will be available in other watersheds. Eligibility—For land to be considered a candidate for the WQIP, the land must lie within a project area. These project area plans arc developed at the county level and sent to agency Headquarters for acceptance. Wetlands Reserve Program Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service Maryland State ASCS Office (Appendix 1) Description—The Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP) was authorized by the Food Security Act of 1985 and amended by the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990. WRP is a voluntary program exclusively applicable to wetlands offering landowners a chance to receive payments for restoring and protecting wetlands on their property. Under WRP, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation (ASCS) staff work with participating farmland owners to secure conservation easements and provide cost-sharing assistance for wetlands restoration. The standard easement agreement under the WRP is permanent unless otherwise notified by ASCS. WRP is currently a pilot program operating in nine other States (see Eligibility), but may be available in Maryland in 1993. How the Program Works—Farmers wanting to participate in the WRP must apply to the program through their county ASCS office during specified sign- up periods. Within 90 days of applying, the farmer submits an approved plan for the wetland reserve, developed in conjunction with the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) and the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS), describing intentions and objectives for restoration, landowner requirements, and other details. Selection of eligible land is based on the ecological value of the land, with preference given to the most valuable lands. Priority consideration is also given for perpetual easements. Total easement payments may not exceed the average fair market value of the same type of agricultural land in the county or parish. Farmers participating in WRP receive 10 equal annual payments or one lump sum when restoration is complete. Except for permanent easements, compensation in any year may not exceed $50,000 per person. Technical assistance and up to 75 percent cost-share assistance is also available. There is no prohibition against using the land after being placed under easement, provided the economic use of the land docs not diminish or degrade the wetland values of the land. 14 ------- Regional Use—WRP is currently available in nine pilot Slates: California, Iowa, Louisiana, Missouri, Mississippi, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, and Wisconsin. Eligibility—Lands eligible for WRP include restorablc farmed wetlands, prior-converted cropland (wetlands farmed prior io December 23, 1985), adjacent functionally related uplands, and riparian areas that link, wetlands. Participants in WRP must agree to long term easements on the enrolled land. Lands eligible for WRP must have been cropped for al least one of the 1986- 1990 crop years. than 33 percent. The value of the reduction is based on the average per acre value of the farm as determined by an appraisal of the entire property. Agreements for debt reduction through wetland casements for non-fmandaliy distressed farmers can be made when the loan is granted or any time thereafter. Regional Use—National. Eligibility—To be eligible for FmHA debt reduction easements, the farmer must have borrowed from the FmHA. Debt reduction easements will not apply to debts with other lending institutions. Farmers Home Administration Wetlands-Related Programs Farmers Home Administration Maryland/Delaware State Office (Appendix 3) Description—The Farmers Home Administration (FmHA) allows for reduction of borrower debt in exchange for granting conservation casements on wetlands for a period of not less than 50 years. Wetlands placed in easements by farmers for FmHA debt reduction may be managed by the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) and State game and fish agencies. How the Program Works—FmHA distinguishes between two types of borrowers for the administration's debt reduction program: those delinquent, and those borrowers who are current. For Type 1 borrowers, farmers who are delinquent, the FmHA debt reduction program allows the farmer to have their debt readjusted in exchange for placing wetlands on their properly in a permanent conservation easement. Upon request of debt reduction from a delinquent FmHA borrower, the FmHA will appraise the property* identify the wetlands on the property, and consider reducing the debt based on the average per acre value of the farm. If the adjustment creates a positive cash flow and will pull the fanner from default, the FmHA will buy the easement and reduce the farmer's loan debt by the value of the wetland acres. If the reduction will not produce a positive cash flow, the FmHA cannot purchase the easement. For farmers who are not delinquent (Type 2 borrowers), the FmHA can reduce a farmer's debt in exchange for placing an casement on his wetlands provided the reduction does not reduce the debt by more North American Wetlands Conservation Act U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service NAWMP Atlantic Coast Joint Venture Coordinator (Appendix 1) and U.S. FWS Chesapeake Bay Field Office (Appendix 1) Description—The North American Wetlands Conservation Act (NAWCA), established in 1989, encourages partnerships among public agencies and other interests to: 1) protect, enhance, restore, and manage wetland ecosystems and other habitats for migratory birds, fish, and wildlife in North America; 2) maintain current or improved distribution of migratory bird populations; and 3) sustain an abundance of waterfowl and other migratory birds consistent with the goals of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan and international treaty obligations. The Act provides funding for wetlands conservation projects involving acquisition, restoration, and/or enhancement. Funding is approved by the Migratory Bird Conservation Commission (MBCC) based on recommendations from the North American Wetlands Conservation Council (Council). The Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) coordinates with the Council on the NAWCA and can provide assistance to landowners to develop proposals for submission to the Council and MBCC. How the Program Works—Proposals may be submitted by any group or individual by April 1 and August 1 for funding available October I. A proposal must describe how the proposed work fits into a larger project (if applicable); the need for the proposal; where the work is to be done; the affect of the proposal on animals, plants and wetland functions; how much the 15 ------- proposal will cost; and partner commitments and responsibilities. A grant application instruction booklet outlining the above information in more detail is available through your FWS Regional Off ice or the North American "Wetlands Conservation Council (Appendix 1). NAWCA grants require a minimum one-to-one grant match from any non-Fcdcral source, such as a State, non-profit groups, or the landowner. Annual payments for leases or easements require a minimum 10-year agreement and demonstration projects require a minimum 5-year agreement. Areas of special concern, such as the Chesapeake, and larger areas are usually given priority in grant consideration. Regional Use—National. Eligibility—Projects involving acquisition, restoration, enhancement, creation, management, and other activities that conserve wetland ecosystems and the fish and wildlife that depend on such habitats are eligible for Act or matching partner funds. North American Waterfowl Management Plan Joint Venture Projects U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service NAWMP Atlantic Coast Joint Venture Coordinator (Appendix 1) and U.S. FWS Chesapeake Bay Field Office (Appendix 1) Description—The North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) is an agreement signed in 1986 between the United Stales and Canada to protect, restore, and enhance wetlands important to waterfowl and other wetland-dependent species. The NAWMP sets out objectives for returning waterfowl populations to levels observed in the 1970s. The plan is implemented at the grassroots level by unique partnerships called joint ventures. Wetlands identified under NAWMP as "areas of major concern" for waterfowl habitat benefit from these joint ventures. Mexico is expected to sign-on to the NAWMP by 1995. How the Program Works—The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) coordinates joint ventures with Federal, State, and private agencies, and private individuals thai cooperate and pool resources together to achieve objectives of the plan. Private landowners of wetlands significant to waterfowl may receive technical and financial assistance through the variety of cooperative programs undertaken within their geographic area. The Plan also entails research on wetlands restoration and the effects of contaminants on wetlands, wetlands status surveys, and wetlands inventories. Landowners interested in learning about the joint venture NAWMP projects in their area should contact the joint venture coordinator in their area. Regional Use—There arc currently ten joint ventures underway in the United States, and three more in the planning stages. Principal areas targeted by the plan are the Atlantic Coast from Maine to South Carolina (including Maryland); the Lower Mississippi River region; the Upper Mississippi River-Great Lakes region; the Gulf Coast; the playa lakes of Texas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Colorado; California's Central Valley; the Pacific Coast; the Rainwater Basin; the prairie pothole regions of Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Iowa; and the lower Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River basin. Future joint ventures arc planned for the Intermountain West, the Northern Great Plains, and Alaska. Eligibility—Any landowner (Federal, State, group, or individual) of property with significant importance to waterfowl and other wetland-dependent species. Private Lands Assistance and Restoration Program (Partners For Wildlife) U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Chesapeake Bay Field Office (Appendix 1) Description—The Private Lands Assistance and Restoration Program, also known as Partners for Wildlife, offers technical and financial assistance to landowners who wish to restore degraded or converted wetlands and those upland habitats that meet specific eligibility criteria. The program focuses on re- establishment of original natural communities. Special consideration is given to projects that: (a) contribute to the survival of endangered, threatened, or candidate species, or migratory birds of management concern; (b) contribute to ihe North American Waterfowl Management Plan; (c) are located very close to existing habitat so thai fragmentation of habitats would be reduced and rccolonization by a full component of native plants and animals could easily occur; (d) contribute to the restoration of globally or nationally imperiled natural 16 ------- communities; (c) will result in a self-sustaining system that is not dependent on artificial structures; or (f) will use native self-propagating species. Agricultural uses that involve plowing or other disturbance of the soil are not permitted except in exceptional circumstances. How the Program Works—The assistance that Fish and Wildlife Service offers to landowners may take the form of informal advice on the design and location of potential restoration projects, or it may consist of designing and funding restoration projects under a formal cooperative agreement with the landowner. Restoration efforts may include, but arc not limited to, plugging drainage ditches, installation of water control structures, dike construction, and planting trees in formerly forested wetlands. If other considerations arc roughly equal, cooperative agreements that arc longer in duration arc preferable to those of shorter duration. In no case, however, may cooperative agreements be less than 10 years in duration. Cost-sharing may improve chances that the project will be funded, but it is not required. A restoration project that involves more than 510,000 of FWS funding for the initial restoration work must be justified in terms of biological significance of the work and (a) non-Federal cost-sharing of at least 50 percent or (b) a very large acreage is proposed for restoration. Regional Use—National. Eligibility—Subject to priority and preference factors suited above, any wetland is eligible for restoration with technical and financial assistance by the Service. Upland habitats arc eligible for financial assistance only if their restoration will contribute to certain program goals. Contact the Chesapeake Bay Field Office for further information. Forestry Incentives Program U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Agriculutrual Stabilization and Conservation Service, Maryland Department of Natural Resources Forestry Division products from private non-industrial forest lands and preserve and improve the environment. FIP is jointly administered by ASCS and the Forest Service in cooperation with State forestry agencies. How the Program Works—Landowners apply for participation in the program at the county ASCS office. Upon request from ASCS, the State forestry agency examines the property, develops the Forest Management Plan, and certifies the need for the practice. The State forestry agency will also provide technical advice and help locate approved vendors for getting the work accomplished. Eligible FIP practices arc divided into four forestry practice areas: tree planting (FP1), improving a stand of forest trees (FP2), site preparation for natural regeneration of trees (FP3), special forestry practices (FP4). All FIP practices require a minimum 10-year maintenance agreement from the landowner. The Slate forestry agency must certify that the work has been completed in accordance with the approved plan before payment is made to the landowner by the county ASCS office. Cost-share assistance cannot exceed 65 percent of the actual, average, or estimated cost of performing the practice. The maximum cost-share that a participant can earn annually for forestry practices under FIP is $10,000. In some States, assistance is available under long-term agreements of three to ten years. Regional Use—National. Within Maryland, counties that presently have the FIP program are: Anne Arundel, Calvert, Caroline, Cecil, Charles, Dorchester, Garrett, Kent, Prince George's, Queen Anne's, St. Mary's, Somerset, Talbot, Wicomico, and Worcester. Eligibility—FIP is limited to landowners of 10 to 1,000 acres. Exceptions to the acreage limitation may be obtained for up to 5,000 acres. FIP is offered only in designated counties where a suitable number of ownerships capable of producing at least 50 cubic feet of timber per year each exist. Ornamental, Christmas tree production, and orchard tree plantings are not eligible for FIP funding. Description—The Forestry Incentives Program (FIP) is the major USDA forestry program applicable to wetlands preservation and restoration of wooded swamps. FIP provides technical and cost-share assistance to landowners participating in any one of the four national forestry practices eligible under FIP. The overall goal with FIP is to increase the Nation's supply of timber 17 ------- Forest Stewardship Program / Stewardship Incentive Program U.S. Forest Service, Maryland Department of Natural Resources Forestry Division (Appendix 1) Description—The Forest Stewardship Program (FSP) and Stewardship Incentive Program (SIP) were established through the Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Actofl990 (FACTA) to help landowners protect and enhance their forest lands and associated wetlands. FSP provides technical assistance to help landowners enhance and protect the timber, fish and wildlife habitat, water quality, wetlands, and recreational and aesthetic values of their property. SIP provides cost- share assistance to private landowners for implementing the management plans developed under the FSP. The guidelines for SIP define eight major categories for funding: Management Plan Development, Reforestation and Afforestation, Forest and Agroforest Improvement, Windbreak and Hedgegrow Establishment, Riparian and Wetlands Protection and Improvement, Fisheries Habitat Enhancement, Wildlife Enhancement, and Forest Recreation Enhancement. FSP and SIP arc administered by the State Forester for each State in cooperation with the Forest Service. The Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (ASCS) provides administrative assistance. Technical responsibilities for SIP practices may be assigned to various other agencies and resource professionals. How the Program Works—Forest Service staff work with private landowners lo develop a multi-use Forest Stewardship Resource Conservation Plan specifically for their forested properties. These plans outline a course of action that will enhance forest products, wildlife, soil and water quality, recreation, aesthetics, and environmental quality. Existing management plans can be modified to meet Forest Stewardship Plan guidelines. Once a forest management plan has been developed and approved, up to 65 percent cost-share is provided through SIP to fund the plan's projects. Payments to the landowner may not exceed $10,000 per landowner per fiscal year. Significant accomplishments are recognized by designating the landowner "Forest Steward," which gives public recognition to the landowner. Regional Use—National; every county in Maryland qualifies for both FSP and SIP. Eligibility—Eligible landowners must have an approved Forest Stewardship Plan and own 1,000 acres or less of qualifying land. Authorizations may be obtained for exceptions of up to 5,000 acres. Landowners must mainiain and protect SIP funded practices for a minimum of 10 years. Soil Conservation Service Technical Assistance Maryland State SCS Office (Appendix 1) Description—The Soil Conservation Service (SCS) is the technical arm of US DA. Technical assistance and information is available for: • Making wetlands determinations for wetland protection and management programs; • developing conservation plans for protecting and managing wetlands; • providing income-producing alternatives for use and management of wetlands; • developing standards and specifications and designing and installing conservation measures, including wetland restoration, creation, and enhancement; • providing information on plant materials for wetland planting; and, • providing soil surveys and information for identifying, planning, and managing wetlands. How the Program Works—Land users request technical assistance through local soil and water conservation districts. Technical assistance and information is provided according to local priorities and available resources. Regional Use—Services are available in all counties of the United States and its territories. Eligibility—Land users who sign agreements with local soil and water conservation districts can receive services for managing, using, enhancing, creating, and restoring wetlands. They must comply with the conservation provisions of the Food Security Act of 1985. 18 ------- Soil Conservation Service Financial Assistance Maryland State SCS Oflicc (Appendix 1) Description—SCS provides financial and technical assistance through the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Program (PL-566), the Resource Conservation and Development Program (RC&D), the Great Plains Conservation Program (GPCP), and river basins studies and investigations. Under the Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act of 1954, SCS assists local communities in developing watershed protection and improving fish and wildlife resources. Both technical and cost-sharing assistance are available. RC&D encourages resource development and environmental protection in authorized areas. GPCP was authorized by Congress in 1956 primarily to protect the drought-prone Great Plains against wind erosion. Assistance for water quality, wetland protection, and wildlife developments can be provided. Public Law 83-566 provides broad authority for USDA to cooperate in river basin planning, surveys, and investigations. Studies arc conducted on flood plain management, water quality, wetland protection, and water conservation. How the Program Works—Under PL-566, SCS assists State, local, and qualified non-profit organizations with planning and installing water control and conservation measures. Technical assistance plus the cost of construction for flood prevention and cost sharing for other purposes is available. Requests are made through local soil and water conservation districts, SCS assists local sponsors in planning and carrying out RC&D measures. Projects may include wetland protection, flood plain management, and wildlife developments. Services arc limited to authorized areas. The Great Plains Conservation Program serves 519 counties in Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. Technical and cost-sharing assistance can be provided for soil and water conservation and natural resource management. River basin studies and investigations arc conducted at the request of cooperating Federal and State agencies to identify water and land resource problems. Regional Use—National. Eligibility—All of the above SCS programs are available to all areas, except RC&D, which is limited to authorized RC&D project areas and GPCP, which is limited to 519 counties. Persons receiving USDA benefits must comply with the conservation provisions of the Food Security Act of 1985. 19 ------- Landowner Program Descriptions: Maryland State Programs Maryland Agricultural Water Quality Cost-Share Program Maryland Department of Agriculture Office of Resource Conservation (Appendix ]) Description—The Maryland Agricultural Water Quality Cost-Share Program (MACS), created in 1983, provides up to 87.5 percent cost-share assistance to farmers who install agricultural best management practices (BMPs) to solve water quality problems. MACS projects arc targeted towards surface waters and underground water sources where agricultural nonpoint source pollution is a significant threat. Wetlands and estuarinc systems benefit from the improved water quality produced through MACS projects near the wetland itself or within the same watershed. Accepted BMPs include filLer strips, grassed waterways, runoff control ponds, critical area plantings, strip-cropping, waste storage structures, terracing, diversions, spring development, contour farming, and grade stabilization structures. MACS is administered by the Maryland Department of Agriculture (MDA) in cooperation with the Maryland Deparunent of the Environment (MDE), and Soil Conservation Districts (SCD). How the Program Works—Applications for MACS arc submitted by the farmer to the local Soil Conservation District. SCD concurrence is required for each application. SCD staff arc responsible for providing technical assistance to MACS applicants, developing BMP plans, and helping to implement BMPs. The applicant has one year to complete installation of the project and must maintain the project for 5-15 years, depending on the specific BMP chosen. SCD must certify that the project was completed consistent with Soil Conservation Service standards before the landowner is compensated. Payment is issued through the Department of the Environment in most cases. Farmers participating in MACS can receive up to 87.5 percent of the cost of installing BMPs to correct or minimize water quality problems. The only BMP not eligible for 87.5 percent cost-share assistance is the sediment pond, which is eligible for a maximum 65 percent cost-share because of other benefits provided by the pond (such as storage of irrigation water and fish production). Maximum cost-share assistance cannot exceed $10,000 per project (except $35,000 for animal waste storage BMPs) and $35,000 per farm ($50,000 for "animal waste" farms). Regional Use—Maryland. Kligibility—A project is eligible if it solves an actual water pollution problem resulting from agricultural activity. Priority is given to problem sites located wiLhin 1000 feet of .surface waters as well as projects in certain "priority watersheds" as named by the MDA. Specific eligibility criteria arc established by the MACS program for each BMP type. Maryland Buffer Incentives Program Maryland Deparunent of Natural Resources Forestry Division (Appendix 1) Description—The Buffer Incentives Program (BIP) encourages the planting and maintenance of forested buffers around the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries as u means of reducing nutrient loading into the Bay. Other positive side effects to establishing forested buffer strips include reducing bank erosion, promoting the development of wetlands, and creating wildlife habitat. BIP provides technical and financial assistance to private landowners to help defray the costs of establishing and maintaining the buffers in exchange for a minimum 10- year agreement from the landowner to maintain the practice, BIP is administered by the Forestry Division of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). How the Program Works—Before a BIP planting and maintenance plan can be developed for a landowner, the landowner's property will be inspected by the county DNR forester to determine eligibility. For properties meeting BIP eligibility requirements, the forester will write-up a planting and maintenance plan designed to incorporate the objectives of both the landowner and DNR. The plan includes a map for site preparation, methods of plantings, spacing, species, weed control, and other measures needed to successfully establish trees and/or shrubs on the site. BIP offers a $500 per acre payment to the landowner for successful buffer establishment. All initial costs incurred in establishing the buffer are paid for by the 20 ------- landowner. After successful establishment of the buffer is verified by the local DNR forester, ihc $500 per acre payment will be made by the State to the landowner. Regional Use—Maryland. Eligibility—BIP is available for any area of privately owned land of at least one acre and not more than 50 acres which is a (a) crop field; (b) pasture; (c) other open space of bare ground; or (d) early succcssional vegetation. Eligible lands must also meet one of the following criteria: (a) be adjacent to and within 3(X) feet of a stream, river, pond, tidal or non-tidal wetland, or other open water; (b) be within 300 feet plus four feet for every one percent slope for slopes averaging greater than six percent; or (c) be within the 100-year Hoodplain as shown on a H.U.D. flood insurance map. If two-thirds of an agricultural Held qualifies under the above criteria, the entire field will be eligible. Maryland Woodland Incentives Program Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Forestry Division (Appendix 1) Description—The Woodland Incentives Program (W1P) provides cost-share and technical assistance to private, non-industrial woodland owners for the management of their woodlands, including forested wetlands. Developed in 1989, WIP goals include enhancement of the environmental, aesthetic, and wildlife bencfiLs provided by private woodlands, as well as the provision of timber and forest resources essential to commerce and industry in the State. WIP funds can be applied to such practices as reforestation of open land or cutover woodlands, timber stand improvement practices, and forest management and protection practices. WIP is administered by the Forestry Division of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) with technical assistance from local DNR foresters. How the Program Works—Landowners may apply for WIP assistance through their county forester during sign-up periods held periodically throughout the year. The county forester will first inspect the site to determine eligibility. Landowners must then submit forest management plans, developed by a licensed professional forester (such as a DNR forester), to their county forester describing the type and extent of forest management practices planned for the property. Once approved by the county forester, the application is submitted to the State forester for final approval. WIP can pay up to 50 percent (but not to exceed $5,000 per year) of the costs associated with forest management. The required forest management agreement is 15 yc;irs. Payments arc made to the landowner once the approved practice is completed and the landowner submits a claim for payment along with all bills that were incurred. Regional Use—Maryland. Eligibility—WIP is available to private, non-industrial woodland owners who own 10 to 500 acres of woodland and/or forested wetlands. The landowner may not have applied for, received approval for, or be receiving Federal cost-share assistance for the same forestry practice for which assistance is sought. Land for WIP must be capable of producing at least 20 cubic feet of wood/acre/ycar. No ornamental, Christmas tree production, or orchard tree plantings arc eligible. Maryland Greenways Program Maryland Department of Natural Resources Greenways and Resource Planning (Appendix 1) Description—The Maryland Greenways Program was established to create a Statewide natural and man-made infrastructure of greenways for ensuring water quality, providing habitat, and developing compatible recreational opportunities. Wetlands, which arc frequently located along rivers and streams, benefit from the protection provided by the Maryland Greenways Program when incorporated into a greenway system. The Maryland Greenways Commission maintains a Statewide inventory of greenways and supports the development of priority projects through its network of participating government and private organizations. The Commission has identified two long-term projects: the establishment of a Potomac River Greenway and a Patapsco River Greenway. A number of smaller projects along stream valleys or other natural, linear corridors are also being pursued in conjunction with local governments, environmental organizations, and citizen groups. How the Program Works—Land acquisition, regulatory controls, local planning and zoning requirements, donations of property, easements, and 21 ------- management agreements are all elements of a successful greenway program. Technical assistance is provided by the Grecnways and Resource Planning Program within the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) to any group or individual looking to establish a greenway connection. Such assistance can range from providing appropriate contacts, helping to identify landowners, identifying optional linkages, and/or developing full- blown planning documents. The Maryland Grecnways Commission staff works closely with the Grecnways Resource and Planning Program. Public access is not a requirement for grecnways. Regional Use—Maryland. Eligibility—Public and private organizations, properly owners, developers, and other groups or individuals with an interest in establishing a greenway connection arc eligible for the Grecnways Program. Additional information about potential technical assistance and funding sources can be obtained by contacting the Maryland Grecnways Commission. Maryland Non-Structural Shore Erosion Control Act Maryland Department of Natural Resources Shore Erosion Control (Appendix 1) Description—The Maryland Non-Structural Shore Erosion Control Act helps landowners implement non- structural shore erosion control projects that stabilize watersides, shorelines, and banks, and halt or retard shoreline erosion and sediment deposits in waters of the State. Through revegetation of the eroding shoreline, landowners can reduce erosion rates as well as restore or create wetland habitats along the shore. These restored or constructed wetlands may then be eligible for other wetlands assistance program benefits. The program is administered by the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR), with assistance from County Soil Conservation District Offices (SCD) and the Maryland Eastern Shore Resource Conservation and Development (RC&D) Council. How the Act Works—The Shore Erosion Control Act provides technical and cost-share assistance to landowners with specific shore and bank erosion control problems. Projects usually consist of revegetation with smooth cordgrass or saltmeadow hay and stabilization with or without bank grading. DNR, County SCD staff, or the RC&D can determine whether a site is eligible for Act grants and provide a list of organizations willing to help landowners develop erosion control projects. DNR, County SCD offices, and RC&D can also provide technical assistance concerning bank grading, storm water management techniques, and soil conservation measures. It is the responsibility of the landowner to contact a qualified contractor, develop erosion control project ideas for the area with the contractor, receive a cost estimate, and obtain the needed wetlands permit from the Army Corps of Engineers and DNR for the project (often these arc obtained by contractors). DNR will consider a shore erosion control project based on examination of the site, the proposal, and the project's estimated cost. The landowner must have received approval for the project and entered into a project agreement with DNR before incurring any project co1" Cost-share for approval projects is 50 percent of the design and project construction costs and reimbursed to the landowner at the completion of the project. Costs to maintain the shore erosion control projects after construction is implemented arc the sole responsibility of the benefitted property owner. Regional Use—Maryland. Eligibility—Private and public landowners with property abutting on any body of water in the State are eligible fo grants under the Shore Erosion Control Act. Chances o success arc greater where the distance of open water (called fetch) is one mile or less and there is already evidence of existing marsh grasses. Nontidal Wetlands Protection Program Maryland Department of Natural Resources Nontidal Wetlands Division (Appendix 1) Description—The Maryland Department of Natural Resources has established a program for the regulation, creation, restoration, enhancement and monitoring of nontidal wetlands in Maryland. The stated goal of the program is to achieve no net loss of nontidal wetlands in acreage and function. The program is also intended to foster the conservation and wise use of nontidal wetlands. Any activities undertaken in a nontidal wetland or its associated buffer are subject to the regulations promulgated as a result of this program. The Nontidal Wetlands Division is available to assist landowners and developers in avoiding and minimizing impacts to nontidal wetlands as a result of specific activities. 22 ------- Technical assistance is also available to help landowners manage the existing nontidal wetlands on their property. How the Program Works—Landowners may contact the Nontidal Wetlands Division to have Division personnel meet with the landowner and visit the site. Assistance can be provided to landowners to help avoid and minimize impacts which may degrade an existing wetlands and to provide recommendations for creating, restoring and enhancing nontidal wetlands. Personnel can also provide information regarding other assistance programs, both financial and technical, to the landowner. Regional Use—Maryland. Eligibility—Public and private organizations, property owners, developers, and other groups or individuals with an interest in protecting, conserving, creating, restoring or enhancing nontidal wetlands. Program Open Space Maryland Department of Natural Resources Program Open Space (Appendix 1) Description—Program Open Space was enacted by the Maryland General Assembly in 1969 to provide conservation and recreation lands as a living resource for present and future generations. Funding is provided to State and local conservation, recreation, and park agencies for the purchase of natural lands for public use. Wetlands and their surrounding natural areas can be safeguarded against development and other urban impacts through the protection provided by Program Open Space. The Program seeks to help preserve approximately 10 percent of Maryland's natural lands in some form of public conservation and/or recreational use. As of July, 1992, 7.9 percent of the State, or 483,800 acres, was protected by State and local governments. How the Program Works—Program Open Space is funded through bonds and the State's Real Estate Transfer Tax, a tax of one-half of one percent of the purchase price of homes, land, shopping malls, or business complexes. Funds arc divided equally between the State and counties. Funding to the State is used for acquisition of land for State parks, greenways, forests, natural environment areas, wildlife management areas, and natural heritage areas. County funds are appropriated based on a formula. The Program provides 100 percent assistance to counties and local municipalities for acquisition and 75 percent assistance with development and improvement of recreational areas. Property owners interested in selling their land for public parks, conservation, or open space purposes should contact their local Department of Parks and Recreation or their county program Open Space liaison officer or call the Program Open Space Regional Administrator in the Department of Natural Resources (DNR). Property being considered for program acquisition is examined by a county or local Program or recreation officer to determine the land's natural significance and applicability to the county's five-year Master Plan for the area. Wildlife habitat, stream protection, historical significance, and the presence of fragile ecosystems such as wetlands are a few of the many factors taken into consideration when property is considered for Program Open Space funding. Lands accepted into the Program are purchased from the landowner based on the average of two appraisals of the property. Regional Use—Maryland. Eligibility—Program Open Space is a funding source available to the Maryland DNR, the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission, and the county and municipal governments of Maryland. Maryland Waterfowl Restoration Program Maryland Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Division (Appendix 1) Description—The Maryland Waterfowl Restoration Program is a tax incentive program for waterfowl habitat development and management on private lands. The objective of the program is to provide technical assistance to private landowners for developing and managing waterfowl habitats, specifically wetlands, for breeding, migrating, and wintering ducks. The program is also directed to improve and augment wetlands habitats for dabbling ducks (mallards, black ducks, teal, galdwall, wood ducks, etc.) by providing permanent open water, properly interspersed with food and cover, throughout the year. The Waterfowl Restoration Program is administered by the Wildlife Division of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). How the Program Works—Under the Waterfowl Restoration Program, DNR can enter into 10-year license agreements with private landowners who have approved projects that create, develop, rehabilitate, and/or preserve waterfowl habitat on their lands. The license 23 ------- agreement includes an approved Waterfowl Habitat Management Plan to be carried out by the licensee. The management plan docs not have to be, but usually is, prepared by a DNR Wildlife Division biologist. Technical assistance for project construction is usually provided by local Soil Conservation Districts and/or the Soil Conservation Service. Expenditures made for approved projects arc considered a contribution to the State of Maryland. The program docs not retire crop lands from production nor open the land to the public. These options arc left entirely to the discretion of the landowner or the tenant. Regional Use—Maryland. Eligibility—For a project to be eligible for Waterfowl Restoration Program funding, the project area should encompass a minimum of 10 contiguous acres of habitat to provide food and/or cover for ducks. The project area should also include at least one acre of permanent water with nesting and resting habitat within or near the permanent water area. Proposed projects of less than 10 total acres and/or less than one acre of permanent water may be reviewed by the Waterfowl Advisory Committee and considered for possible inclusion in the program based on the potential value of the project to the program. Private lands used for commercial hunting enterprises are ineligible. Wild Acres Program Maryland Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Division (Appendix 1) Description—The Wild Acres Program is designed to provide information to landowners and other interested persons about creating or enhancing wildlife habitat in backyards, parks, nursing homes, farms, and other areas. This includes wildlife habitat occurring in wetlands. The program also rewards efforts made on behalf of wildlife on these properties through Wild Acres certification. Although primarily geared toward metropolitan areas, Wild Acres attracts participants from all over the State. How the Program Works—Wild Acres introductory brochures arc distributed through over 70 retail plant nurseries, nature, grocery, and department stores statewide. Media coverage of the program is also fairly consistent throughout the warmer months. People who hear about the program through these outreach efforts may ask for a Wild Acres Packet and application. The packet consists of various "how to" sheets describing wildlife habitat enhancing projects. When the application is completed and returned to the Maryland Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Division, the applicant is sent a plastic backyard sign saying, "This property is a certified part of Maryland's Wild Acres Program," and a numbered certificate. A "memo" will also be sent to participants with ideas and information on backyard wildlife and wildlife habitat, Regional Use—Maryland. Eligibility—Any size, shape, or type of property is eligible. All that is required is a completed application. The Wild Acres Program is intended to be educational and to provide positive feedback on efforts made to enhance wildlife habitat. Maryland Wildlife Habitat Improvement Program Maryland Department of Natural Resources Wildlife Division (Appendix 1) Description—The Maryland Wildlife Habitat Improvement Program (WHIP), established in 1988, pays farmers to leave certain crops unharvested in fields to provide food for wildlife. Crops funded by this program consist of grains, grasses, and legumes, including corn, clover, alfalfa, and soybeans. The standard WHIP agreement is one year. A three-year, four- month grant agreement is also available for grass/legume food plots. The intent of the program is to enhance wildlife habitat by providing a source of food for Canada geese and upland wildlife. WHIP is administered by the Wildlife Division of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR). How the Program Works—Farmers interested in WHIP should contact their District Wildlife Manager for an application. Proposals will be selected which will: (a) be the most beneficial to wildlife, and (b) be the most cost effective. Grant proposals for any species or species group planting may not exceed $10,000 for any grantee. The farmer is responsible for all work and maintenance involved in the project. In the waterfowl portion of the program, waterfowl hunting is prohibited within 400 yards of the food plot. The upland portion of the program is available in Baltimore, Calvert, Carroll, Charles, Dorchester, Frederick, Kent, Queen Anne's, Talbot, and Washington Counties. In Baltimore, Carroll, and Frederick Counties, 24 ------- only properties totalling 20 acres or larger will be considered for this program. The Canada Gccse portion of WHIP is available in Calvert, Dorchester, Kent, Queen Anne's, and TalboL Counties. Regional Use—Maryland; limited to specific counties (see above). $ Eligibility—WHIP is available to fanners and landowners owning and operating farmland in the counties specified above. Maryland State Highway Administration Mitigation Options Maryland Department of Transportation Maryland State Highway Administration Environmental Design Division (Appendix 1) Description—The Maryland Suite Highway Administration (SHA) seeks landowners interested in having wetlands created or restored on their property as mitigation sites for wetlands lost during highway construction. SHA will design and construct a wetland provided the landowner agrees to maintain the wetland in perpetuity. SHA also acquires lands for mitigation sites through fee-simple purchase of property. How the Program Works—For an area to become a SHA mitigation site, SHA must consider the mitigation project feasible for the site. Feasibility is determined by two important criteria: the location of" the site in relation to the drainage area of the impacted wetlands and the current vegetation at the site. The site under consideration must lie within the drainage area of the wetlands being impacted. This specification means that a site in Garret County could not be chosen as a mitigation project for highway construction in Anne Arundel County. The second criteria requires the site chosen for mitigation to be unforcsted. SHA conducts searches for possible mitigation sites within the watershed of the impacted wetlands. Mitigation can occur within one site or be divided among different sites based on the amount of wetlands impacted by the highway construction and the availability of acreage for mitigation. The availability of the SHA's mitigation program varies with the amount of highway construction impacting wetlands and the location of the construction in relation to available wetland mitigation sites located within the watershed of the impacted wetland or wetlands. Regional Use—Maryland. Eligibility—Lands considered eligible for SHA mitigation projects are those unforested lands lying within the same watershed as the wetlands impacted during highway construction. The landowner must also be willing to maintain the created or restored wetland in perpetuity. Extension Natural Resource Education Programs Maryland Cooperative Extension Service Maryland Institute for Agriculture and Natural Resources (Appendix 1) Description—The Maryland Cooperative Extension Service was originally established as part of the land grant universities' three part mission of teaching- rcsearch-extension. The Extension Service educates citizens to apply practical, research-based knowledge to critical issues, including wetlands conservation, which face individuals, families, communities and our global partners. Its mission is "Educating People To Help Themselves." Program areas include natural resources, agriculture, horticulture, home economics, 4-H youth development, and more. The total Extension effort is accomplished through a large informal network of county and regional offices that offer seminars, workshops, publications, volunteer training and other assistance to educate citizens. These programs are accomplished by working cooperatively with many organizations, agencies, and volunteers. Many extension clientele are landowners and have wetlands on their property. The Extension Service has the reputation of disseminating sound information and advice and is usually the first point of contact for many citizens seeking information. For this reason, the Agriculture Extension Agent is an excellent contact point for providing citizens with information about voluntary programs for wetland protection. How the Program Works—The County and Regional Extension Agents work with many organizations to organize education functions. The programs that provide information on wetlands and related topics are listed below. Additional programs can be found by contacting the local Cooperative Extension agent. • County Farm Meetings- each county typically holds educational meetings, usually in the winter, for 25 ------- farmers. Call the local Extension Office for lime and place. • Income Opportunities Utilizing Your Natural Resources - enterprises rclalcd to forestry, wildlife, recreation, horticulture and more. A yearly workshop is held in western Maryland as well as other followup workshops. Contact: Jonathan Kays, Maryland Cooperative Extension Service, 18330 Kccdysvillc Road, Kccdysvillc, MD 21756 or call (301) 791-2298, or local extension agent. • Mid-Allantic Forest Stewardship Seminar - first Saturday in November at Frederick Community College. Contact: Terry Poole, Frederick County Extension Office, 330 Montcvuc Lane, Frederick, MD 21702 or call (301) 694-1594. "Central Maryland Forest Stewardship Seminar - Saturday seminar held in Bel Air, MD. Contact: Robert Halman, Harford County Extension Office, P.O. Box 663, Forest Hill, MD 21050 or call (410) 638-3255. • Del mar va Forest Stewardship Seminar - joint Maryland-Delaware Saturday seminar held in fall on the Eastern Shore. Contact: Robert Tjadcn, Department of Agriculture, 2320 South DuPont Hghwy, Dover, DE 19901 or call (302)739-4811. • Southern Maryland Forestry Seminar - Saturday seminar held in spring in southern Maryland (Charles County). Contact: Southern Maryland R C & D, Box 516, LaPlata, MD 20646 or call (301) 934-9290. • Coverts Project in Maryland - Outreach and training program in forest and wildlife management. Four-day training offered once a year to 30 persons. Contact: Jonathan Kays, Maryland Cooperative Extension Service, 18330 Kccdysvillc Road, Keedysville, MD 21756 or call (301) 791-2298, or local extension agent. 26 ------- Landowner Program Descriptions: Nonprofit Organizations and Land Trusts Farm Legacy Program American Farmland Trust (Appendix 2) Description—The American Farmland Trust (AFT) is a non-profit organization that works with farmers, business people, legislators, and conservationists to encourage sound farming practices and preserve America's most critical agricultural resources. AFT conducts on-farm research and demonstration projects with grass-roots sustainable agriculture organizations and farmers to develop and encourage the use of sound environmental farming practices. AFT also provides advice to private landowners on ways to include conservation strategies in land-use and estate plans for farmers, and accepts donations of land and conservation easements for conservation purposes. How the Program Works—The Farm Legacy Program is a new AFT program that encourages individuals owning farms threatened by development to donate their lands to AFT. Farm Legacy is a very flexible program, allowing the prospective donor and AFT stair to structure gifts to meet the landowner's needs. Landowners donating their agricultural lands to AFT may retain lifetime use of the property. Donors may also receive significant income and estate-tax deductions. Upon receiving the donated property, AFT will sell the farm with conservation easements to guarantee the preservation of the property. Proceeds from the sale will then be used to protect other threatened farms. In addition to agricultural properties, AFT also accepts nonfarm properties and appreciated securities to the Farm Legacy Program. The Farm Legacy Program, which will help to preserve wetlands located on agricultural lands that might otherwise be sold for development purposes, can potentially be coupled with other programs such as the Conservation Reserve Program to provide additional benefits to current and future landowners. Regional Use—National. Eligibility—AFT offers assistance to owners of lands with historical, agricultural, and environmental significance. Chesapeake Care Program Chesapeake Wildlife Heritage Waterfowl Festival and Ducks Unlimited (Appendix 2) Description—The Chesapeake Care Program is a wetlands program designed to help create and restore shallow, emergent non-tidal wetlands, shrub swamps, and wooded wetlands on private farmlands in the Maryland portion of the Chesapeake Bay watershed. The Care program works with landowners to provide technical guidance, habitat design and management, funding, and construction of select projects that are of significant importance. Chesapeake Care is funded cooperatively through a matching grant from the Waterfowl Festival and Ducks Unlimited (DU). Ducks Unlimited then contracts with the Chesapeake Wildlife Heritage to deliver the project on site. How the Program Works—The Chesapeake Care Program is geared specifically to the restoration and creation of shallow, emergent non-tidal wetlands as well as shrub swamps and wooded wetlands. All wetland sites in the Care program are no deeper than one to two feet at full pool. In exchange for committing the site or sites for a 10-year period and allowing certain adaptations to be made to the project site as needed, DU will pay for the initial restoration/creation of the project site (either entirely or in conjunction with the use of other State or Federal agricultural funds), pay for the annual management of the project by Chesapeake Wildlife Heritage (CWH) personnel for the 10-year period, and install signs recognizing the site and the cooperative management efforts between the owner, DU, CWH, and the Waterfowl Festival. The sites will be managed by CWH primarily for reduction of nutrient and sediment discharge from farms, for spring migration habitat, and for Black Duck wintering habitat. Wetland management will consist of moist soil management; planting of wetland trees, shrubs, or emergents; planting and flooding of agricultural crops such as com, sorghum, and/or millet; establishment of submerged aquatic vegetation; or some combination of these techniques. Farmers are also required to adopt some sustainable agricultural practices such as cover cropping and band spraying with cultivation. 27 ------- Regional Use—Maryland portion of the Chesapeake Watershed. Eligibility—Cost-share assistance for habitat development cannot be given for those areas open to commercial hunting or on those areas where hand reared ducks arc released. Landowners are also asked to comply with possible restrictions regarding disturbance on the project site during critical periods of the year. Farmers must be willing to permit the Chesapeake Wildlife Heritage to manage the site and improvements for a 10- year period. Waterfowl Festival Sanctuary Program Chesapeake Wildlife Heritage (Appendix 2) Description—The Waterfowl Festival Sanctuary Program, established in 1987, compensates farmers willing to leave S500-S1000 worth of unharvested crop (corn or soybeans) and allow the Chesapeake Wildlife Heritage (CWH) to plant 15-20 acres of winter wheat cover crop to provide undisturbed feeding and resting areas for Canada Gecsc during the winter. Sanctuary Program agreements are run for one or three years and require the cooperation of both the farmer and CWH. The Sanctuary Program is administered by the CWH and funded by the Waterfowl Festival. How the Program Works—The Sanctuary Program starts in the fall with participating farmers leaving standing corn or soybeans in the designated locations. Drilling of the cover crop starts right after corn harvest. The planting of the cover crop is generally direct seeded with a tractor and no-till drill and aerial seeded in locations not having the equipment. Direct drilling winter grain has resulted in better stand establishment and consequently better goose grazing than just aerial seeding. The main objective of this program is to provide Canada Gccse on the Eastern Shore safe feeding and resting areas over the winter, thus giving them the opportunity to migrate while in optimal condition to their spring breeding grounds in Canada. The farmer is asked to leave the unharvested crop plus the 15-20 acre winter cover crop until the geese have departed. Waterfowl hunting on Sanctuary Program lands is prohibited. Regional Use—Eastern Shore of Maryland. Eligibility—The Waterfowl Festival Sanctuary Program is available to all farmers in the region meeting program criteria. The MARSH Program Ducks Unlimited Atlantic Flyway Coordinator (Appendix 2) Description—The Matching Aid to Restore States Habitat (MARSH) Program was begun in 1985 to provide matching funds to public agencies and private conservation groups for projects significantly benefitting waterfowl. Private landowners can benefit from the funding provided through MARSH if waterfowl and habitat restoration projects on their property qualify for the funding and is applied for by the agency or group working with the landowner. MARSH is administered through five Regional Ducks Unlimited (DU) offices. Agencies and conservation groups operating in Maryland should contact the Atlantic Flyway Coordinator to determine if the habitat project on a landowner's property could be eligible for MARSH funding. How the Program Works—MARSH project proposals should be developed and submitted to the Regional flyway MARSH coordinator by the agency or conservation group developing a habitat project. These proposals should include all pertinent information regarding location, legal description, ownership, management objectives, description of work, projected costs, and any supplementary support information pertinent to the project. Once the MARSH coordinator receives all of the necessary information, he will visit those sites with the most potential and prepare project evaluations. The Regional MARSH Coordinator gives final approval, with advice from a volunteer MARSH advisory committee, on projects with cost- share expenses up to $25,000. Projects exceeding this threshold are submitted to National Headquarters for approval by the Director of Habitat Development. Projects that lead to the protection and/or restoration of North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) sites, benefiting non-game, threatened or endangered species, unique habitats or ecosystems, and/or having high public visibility or interpretive values, in addition to providing substantial waterfowl values, will receive priority for MARSH funding. Maximum cost- share assistance under the MARSH program is 50 percent. Projects or cooperators not meeting minimum 28 ------- cost-efficicncy standards require special exemption, or exceeding $200,000 in cost, require special approval by the Conservation Programs Committee and the President. Regional Use—National. Eligibility—DU will consider proposals from any public agency or private conservation groups who arc 1) able to execute long-term habitat agreements, 2) capable of delivering and managing the projects proposed, and 3) willing to assume all liability associated with the project. MARSH projects must be on lands under management control or oversight of a public agency or private cooperators. The MET Conservation Easements Program The Maryland Environmental Trust (Appendix 2) Description—The Maryland Environmental Trust (MET) was created by the General Assembly in 1967 to conserve, improve, and perpetuate the State's natural environment. The Conservation Easement Program is the central program of the trust. Other land protection programs complementing the Conservation Easement Program are the Local Land Trust Assistance Program and the Rural Historic Village Protection Project. The goal of the Conservation Easement Program is to preserve farmland, forestland, waterfront, wetlands, rare or unique areas, scenic areas, endangered species habitat, historic properties, and open space. A conservation easement is a legal agreement between a landowner and the Trust ensuring that the property and its significant natural features will be permanently protected. Conservation easements can be tailored to the needs of a property owner, enabling the owner to control the future appearance and character of the land. How the Program Works—MET works closely with prospective easement donors to tailor conservation easement deeds to the individual characteristics of the wetland property and the needs of the property owner within guidelines established by the MET Board of Trustees. Conservation easement donations to MET: 1) secure the perpetual protection of land for specified conservation purposes; 2) permit continued private ownership, use, and residency; 3) permit sale of the property subject to the easement provisions; 4) enable landowners to pass property to their heirs; and 5) afford landowners in many cases the opportunity to take advantage of certain income, estate, and property tax benefits and other financial incentives. Properties covered by easements are periodically monitored by MET staff to ensure compliance with the terms of the easement. The landowner remains responsible for all maintenance and upkeep of the property. Public access is not required. Regional Use—Maryland. Eligibility—All private landowners of farmland, forestland, waterfront, wetlands, rare or unique areas, scenic areas, endangered species habitat, historic properties, or other kinds of rural land are eligible for the MET Conservation Easement Program. The proposed easement provisions must meet the guidelines established by the MET Board of Trustees on June 2, 1991, and be formally approved by the board. Natural Area Registries The Nature Conservancy (Appendix 2) Description—The Nature Conservancy (TNC) runs Natural Area Registries to honor private landowners of outstanding natural areas, such as bogs and other wetlands, for their commitment to the survival of the land's natural heritage. In conjunction with Natural Area Registries, The Nature Conservancy also provides private landowners with information on additional programs for protecting wetlands (such as acquisition, conservation easements, bargain sale, donation, and other voluntary agreements), best management practices, and other relevant scientific information. How the Program Works—The Natural Areas Registry is a voluntary, non-binding and non-regulatory program. There is no payment involved in enlisting property in the Registry. In joining the Registry, the owner commits to preserving and protecting the area to the best of his or her ability, notifying TNC of any threats to the area, such as pollution, rights-of-way, or drainage; and notifying TNC of any intent to sell or transfer ownership of the property. With the owner's permission, TNC will visit the registered area annually to assess changing conditions and identify new threats. Public access to the registered property is not required by the program. The Registry may be taken into account when calculating property taxes, but States are not required to do so. If the owner fails to protect the 29 ------- registered area, the area may be removed from the Registry. Regional Use—National. Eligibility—To qualify for a Registry, the properly must contain one or more of these natural values: habitat for plants or animals with declining populations, plant communities characteristic of the native vegetation, and/or outstanding natural features such as virgin forests or bogs. 30 ------- Landowner Program Descriptions: Private, Industrial Programs Glatfelter Cost-Share Program Maryland Department of Natural Resources Forestry Division (Appendix 1) Description—The Glatfelter Cost-Share Program is an industrial cost-sharc program encouraging reforestation on private, non-industrial forcstlands, including forested wetlands. The Glatfelter Program, similar to the Maryland Woodland Incentives Program (sec p. 21), provides 50 percent cost-sharc assistance to landowners for planting eligible seedlings. Participating landowners are under no obligation to ihc Company. Eligible species for the Glatfelter Program include: loblolly pine, larch, white pine, white spruce, and Norway spruce. Two of these eligible species, loblolly pine and larch, can be planLed and successfully grown as forested wetlands. The program is administered by the Forestry Division of the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) and the Glatfelter Pulp Wood Company. How the Program Works—Landowners interested in the Glatfelter Program should contact the DNR Project Forester in their county. Before planting can begin, ihc site must be approved by a county DNR forester. A forest management plan must also be in effect or developed for the site by the county DNR forester. Glatfelter provides a 50 percent cost-share to for seedlings costs, while DNR provides technical assistance for planting the seedlings. The maximum amount of seedlings on one order for which Glatfelter will pay is 20,(XX) (the landowner pays for 20,000, Glatfelter pays for 20,000, on a total order of 40,000 seedlings). The minimum order under the program is 1000 seedlings. Seedling orders arc accepted by the Forestry Division on a first come basis beginning in December until the limit has been reached. Seeds are supplied through the State Nursery only. No ornamental, Christmas tree production, or orchard tree plantings arc eligible. Regional Use—Maryland; limited to specific counties (see Eligibility). Eligibility—The Glatfelter Cost-Share Program is available to private, non-industrial landowners in eligible counties. Counties eligible for loblolly pine only arc: Calvert, Caroline, Charles, Dorchester, Kent, Queen Anne, St. Mary's, Somerset, Talbot, Wicomico, and Worcester. Counties eligible for loblolly pine, larch, white pine, Norway spruce, and white spruce are: Baltimore, Carroll, Cecil, Frederick, Harford, and Washington. Westvaco Cost-Share Program Westvaco (Appendix 2) and Maryland Department of Natural Resources Forestry Division (Appendix 1) Description—The Westvaco Cost-Share Program is an industrial cost-share program encouraging the reforestation of private, non-industrial forestland, including forested wetlands. Working primarily in southern and western Maryland, the Westvaco Program provides 50 percent cost-share to private landowners for planting eligible seedlings for commercial harvesting. Species eligible for Westvaco cost-share assistance are: loblolly pine, white pine, red pine, and Norway spruce. One of these eligible species, the loblolly pine, can be planted and successfully grown as forested wetlands. The Westvaco Cost-Share Program is administered by Westvaco through the Maryland Department of Natural Resources (DNR) Forestry Division. How the Program Works—Landowners wishing to participate in the Westvaco Cost-Share Program should contact Westvaco or the DNR Project Forester for their county. Before planting can begin, the site must be approved by a Westvaco staff forester. A forest management plan must be in effect, or be developed by a Maryland Registered Professional Forester, a Westvaco Forester, a DNR Project Forester, or an independent consulting forester. Planting and other technical assistance is provided by the Westvaco or the local DNR forester. Landowners receive 50 percent cost-share assistance from Westvaco for seedling costs. The minimum acreage to be planted must be five acres or greater unless approved by a Westvaco Forester. Orders must be placed with Westvaco prior to February 1. Seedlings may be supplied directly by Westvaco. No ornamental, Christmas tree production, or orchard tree plantings are eligible. 31 ------- Regional Use—Maryland; limited to specific counties (see Eligibility). Eligibility—The Wcstvaco Cost-Share Program is available to private owners of forested wetlands residing in the following counties: Allegany, Anne Arundel, Calvert, Charles, Frederick, Garrett, Prince George's, St. Mary's, and Washington. Maryland Tree Farm Program Maryland Tree Farm Committee (Appendix 2) Description—The Maryland Tree Farm Program is part of the American Tree Farm System, a nationwide organization which recognizes landowners for quality forest management on their property. The reality of a tree farm is not straight rows of trees, but a diversity of woodlands of every shape and form. Presently, nearly 60,000 landowners arc managing 89 million acres of woodlands nationwide. In Maryland, there are 1424 tree farms totalling over 269,000 acres. The objective of the program is to encourage private landowners to manage their forest lands using best management practices (BMPs) for increased production of tree crops with the added benefit of improved wildlife habitat, watershed protection, recreation, and aesthetics. This program recognizes that private landowners have a critical role in our Nation's wood supply, since 56 percent of timber harvested in the U.S. comes from nonindustrial private landowners. The American Tree Farm Program was established by ihc wood-using industry in 1941. It is sponsored by the Maryland Forests Association, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, and the Maryland Cooperative Extension Service. How the Program Works—Landowners wishing to be in the Tree Farm Program should contact a private consultant or industrial forester or their DNR Project forester. A forest management plan will be developed based on their objectives and the property recognized as a pioneer tree farm. On a periodic basis, the property will be rcinspected by a professional forester and if outlined management practices arc implemented, the property will be recognized as a certified Tree Farm. A large tree farm sign will be given to the landowner to post at the entrance of his or her property, as well as certificate suitable for framing. There is no cost for the landowner to participate in the program. The Tree Farm magazine can also be ordered for a small fee. Tree farmers will be eligible for the annual Maryland Tree Farmer of the Year award, which can lead to regional and national recognition for good forest management. All tree farms meet the criteria for the Forest Stewardship Program so landowners can take advantage of the many cost-share opportunities. Regional Use—Maryland and every State in the country. Eligibility—To qualify for certification, the woodland owner must have 10 or more acres of woodland. They must manage their properly for forest products, wildlife, water protection, and aesthetics and protect their woodland from fire, insects, and disease. 32 ------- Appendix 1—Federal and State Offices The following is a list of Federal and Slate offices where information regarding the programs described in the Guide can be obtained. For questions regarding the applicability of a program within the Slate of Maryland, contact the State office responsible for that program. Federal Programs and Corresponding Offices U.S. Department of Agriculture USDA, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service Conservation Reserve Program, Wetlands Reserve Program, Agricultural Conservation Program, Water Quality Incentives Program, Forestry Incentives Program, Stewardship Incentives Program; technical and educational assistance. USDA, Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service Conservation and Environmental Protection Division P.O. Box 2415 Washington, D.C. 20013 (202) 720-5295 U.S. Department of Agriculture Maryland State ASCS Office Rivers Center 10270-B Old Columbia Road Columbia, MD 21046 (410)381-4550 USDA, Farmers Home Administration Farmers Home Administration Wetlands-Related Options. U.S. Department of Agriculture Farmers Home Administration Room 5449 Washington, D.C. 20250-0700 (202) 720-4572 U.S. Department of Agriculture Farmers Home Administration, Maryland/Delaware State Office Farmer Program Division P.O. Box 400 Camden, Delaware 19934 (302) 6974300 USDA, Forest Service Forestry Incentives Program, Forest Stewardship Program, Stewardship Incentive Program; technical and educational assistance. U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Forest Service Cooperative Forestry Staff Auditors Building 201 14th Street, SW Washington, D.C. 20250 (202)205-1374 USDA, Soil Conservation Service Conservation Reserve Program, Wetlands Reserve Program, Agricultural Conservation Program; technical, financial, and educational assistance. U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Soil Conservation Service Conservation Planning Division P.O. Box 2890 Washington, D.C. 20013 (202) 720-1845 U.S. Department of Agriculture U.S. Soil Conservation Service John Hanson Business Center 339 Busch's Frontage Road, Suite 301 Annapolis, MD 21401 (410)757-0861 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Wetlands Protection Hotline; technical and educational assistance. Wetlands Division, A-104F U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 401 M Street, SW Washington, D.C. 20460 (202) 260-9043 (800) 832-7828 for Wetlands Protection Hotline U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region III Office Wetlands Protection Section—3ES42 841 Chestnut Bldg. Philadelphia, PA 19107 (215) 597-9800 33 ------- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Private Lands Assistance and Restoration Program, North American Waterfowl Management Plan Joint Venture Projects, North American Wetlands Conservation Act; technical and educational assisUince. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service North American Waterfowl and Wetlands Office 4401 N. Fairfax Drive Arlington, VA 22203 (703)358-1784 North American Waterfowl Management Plan Atlantic Coast Joint Venture Coordinator U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 5 One Gateway Center, Suite 700 Newton Corner, MA 02158 (617)965-5100 North American Wetlands Conservation Council c/o Robert Strceter U.S. Fish and Wildlife Office North American Waterfowl and Wetlands Office 4401 N. Fairfax Drive Arlington, VA 22203 (703)358-1784 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Chesapeake Bay Field Office 1825 Virginia Street Annapolis, MD 21401 (410) 269-5448 Maryland Programs and Corresponding Offices Maryland Department of Agriculture Maryland Agricultural Water Quality Cost-Share Program; technical and educational assistance. Office of Resource Conservation 50 Harry S. Truman Highway Annapolis, MD 21401 (410)841-5864 Maryland Cooperative Extension Service Technical and educational assistance; County Extension Offices arc found in each county: Regional Research and Education Centers arc also located around the Suite. Maryland Cooperative Extension Service Maryland Institute for Agriculture and Natural Resources 18330 Keedysville Road Kccdysvillc, MD 21756 (301)791-2298 Contact the local Cooperative Extension agent. Maryland Department of Natural Resources Forestry Incentives Program, Forest Stewardship Program, Stewardship Incentive Program, Wildlife Habitat Improvement Program, Woodland Incentives Program, Buffer Incentives Program, Westvaco Cost- Share Program, Glatfelter Cost-Share Program; technical and educational assistance. Forestry Division,E-l Tawcs Stale Office Building 580 Taylor Avenue Annapolis, MD 21401 (410)974-3776 Maryland Green ways Program; technical and educational assistance. Grccnways and Resource Planning D-3 Tawcs State Office Building 580 Taylor Avenue Annapolis, MD 21401 (410) 974-3589 Technical and educational assistance Nontidal Wetlands Division E-2 Tawcs State Office Building 580 Taylor Avenue Annapolis, MD 21401 (410)974-3841 Program Open Space; technical and educational assistance. Program Open Space, E-3 Tawes State Office Building 580 Taylor Avenue Annapolis, MD 21401 (410)974-3581 Maryland Non-Structural Shore Erosion Control Act; technical and educational assistance. Shore Erosion Control, E-4 Tawes State Office Building 580 Taylor Avenue Annapolis, MD 21401 (301)974-3727 34 ------- Tidal Wetlands Division, D-2 Tawcs Slate Office Building 580 Taylor Avenue Annapolis, MD 21401 (410)974-3871 Maryland Waterfowl Restoration Program; technical and educational assistance. Wildlife Division, E-l Tawcs State Office Building 580 Taylor Avenue Annapolis, MD 21401 (410)974-3195 Maryland State Highway Administration Maryland Stale Highway Administration Mitigation Options. Environmental Design Division 707 N. Calvert, Suite 310 Baltimore, MD 21202 (410) 333-8078 35 ------- Appendix 2—Land Trusts and Private Organizations Land trusts can make very important contributions to land conservation efforts. Land trusts working at local, county, Stale, and national levels provide various forms of technical, program, and/or financial assistance to private landowners wishing to preserve their property. Land trusts also use donations to fund land acquisition. Combined, these approaches to landowner assistance have enabled land trusts to preserve nearly 75,000 acres in Maryland. Appendix 2 lists the numerous national, State, regional, and local land trusts working within Maryland. To learn how a specific land trust may be able to help with a landowner's conservation needs, contact the land trust for additional information. Industrial private organizations that assist landowners through cost-share programs arc also listed. National, State, and Regional Land Conservation Organizations Profiled Within the Guide American Farmland Trust Farm Legacy Program; technical and educational assistance. 1920 N Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 (202) 659-5170 Chesapeake Wildlife Heritage Chesapeake Care Program, Waterfowl Festival Sanctuary Program; technical and educational assistance. P.O. Box 1745 Easton, MD 21601 (301)822-5100 Ducks Unlimited MARSH Program; technical and educational assistance. 1155 Connecticut Ave, N.W. #800 Washington, D.C. 20036 (202) 452-8824 MARSH Atlantic Flyway Coordinator 219 County Road Bedford, NH 03102 (603) 626-7706 Maryland Environmental Trust MET Conservation Easement Program; technical and financial assistance. 275 West Street, Suite 322 Annapolis MD 21401 (410)974-5350 The Nature Conservancy Natural Area Registries; technical and educational assistance. 2 Wisconsin Ave. Chevy Chase, MD 20815 (301)656-8673 Additional National, State, and Regional Land Trusts, and Private Organizations Operating Within the State of Maryland American Battlefield Protection Foundation 1225 Eye St., NW Washington, D.C. 20005 (202) 347-6247 Association for the Preservation of Civil War Sites P.O. Box 1862 Fredericksburg, VA 22402 (703) 371-1860 Chesapeake Bay Foundation 162 Prince George St. Annapolis, MD 21401 (410) 268-8833 Conservation Advisors P.O. Box 134 Chaddsford, PA 19317 (215)558-0470 Conservation Foundation/World Wildlife Fund 1250 24th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20037 (202) 293-4800 The Conservation Fund 1800 N. Kent Street, Suite 1120 Arlington, VA 22209 (703) 525-6300 Environmental Law Clinic University of Maryland Law School 500 West Baltimore Street Baltimore, MD 21201 (301) 328-2147 (301) 544-7463 36 ------- Land Trust Alliance 900 17th Street, N.W. Suite 410 Washington, D.C. 20006 (202)785-1410 Maryland Agricultural Land Preservation Foundation 50 Harry S. Truman Parkway Annapolis, MD 21403 (410)841-5860 Maryland Historic Trust 100 Community Place Crownsville, MD 21032 (410) 514-7600 Natural Lands Trust 1031 Palmers Mill Road Media, PA 19063 (215) 353-5587 The Trust for Appalachian Trail Lands P.O. Box 807 Harper's Ferry, WV 25425 (304)535-6331 The Trust For Public Land 312 Massachusetts Ave. Washington, D.C. 20002 (202)543-7552 University of Maryland School of Public Affairs 2105 Morrill Hall College Park, MD 20742 (301) 405-6359 Local Land Trusts Operating Within the State of Maryland Accokeck Foundation 3400 Bryant Point Rd. Accokeck, MD 20627 (301)283-2113 American Chestnut Land Trust Box 204 Port Republic, MD 20676 (410)586-1570 Annapolis Conservancy Board 160 Duke of Gloucester Street Annapolis, MD 21401 (410) 268-1670 Arundlc Conservation Trust 1194 Maple Avenue Shady Side, MD 20764 (410) 867-1756 Back River Neck Peninsula Community Assoc. 2116 Holly Neck Rd. Baltimore, MD 21221 (410)687-4011 Bay Ridge Trust 12 Mayo Ave. Annapolis, MD 21403 (410) 267-6744 Bowlay's Quarters Peninsula 1402 Burke Rd. Baltimore, MD 21220 (410) 335-7285 Carroll County Land Trust Carroll County Dept. of Planning 225 North Center Street Westminster, MD 21157 (410)857-2132 Caves Valley Land Trust 2532 Caves Rd. Owings Mills, MD 21117 (410) 244-7656 Central Maryland Heritage League 2136 Old National Pike Middletown, MD 21769 (301)473-8732 Charles County Conservancy Charles Co. Dept. of Planning and Zoning P.O. Box "B" LaPlata, MD 20646 (301) 645-0540 Eastern Shore Land Conservancy P.O. Box 169 Quecnstown, MD 21658 (410) 827-8065 Franklintown Land Trust 5107 Maple Park Avenue Baltimore, MD 21207 (410)448-1719 37 ------- Gunpowder Valley Conservancy 12124 Jericho Road Kingsvillc, MD 21087 (410)671-3089 Harford Environmental Land Pres. Commission 220 South Main St. Bel Air, MD 21014 (410) 879-2000 Harford l ^ind Trust P.O. Box 385 Churchvillc, MD 21028 (410)836-2103 Howard County Conservancy 3619 Folly Quarter Road Ellicott City, MD 21043 (410) 740-1558 Kensington Land Trust 3923 Prospect St. Kensington, MD 20895 (301) 933-8756 Land Pres. Trust/Valleys Planning Council P.O. Box 5402 Towson, MD 21285 (410) 337-6877 Little Elk Creek Agricultural Preserve 123 Fairhill Drive Elkton, MD 21921 (410) 398-9457 Lower Shore Land Trust P.O. Box 32 Allen, MD 21826 (410) 543-6469 Magothy River Land Trust 2709 Forked Creek Road Arnold, MD 21146 (410) 233-1660 Monocacy Watershed Conservancy 8848 Indian Springs Road Frederick, MD 21702 (301)663-6104 Ml. Washington Preservation Trust 5720 Ridgcdalc Road Baltimore, MD 21209 (410)664-4814 Plum Point Environmental Land Trust 2705 Ridge Road Huntington, MD 20639 (301) 925-9449 Rockburn-Morning Choice H.C.D. 6565 Belmont Woods Road Elkridge, MD 21227 (202) 962-4850 Save Historic Antictam Foundation P.O. Box 550 Sharpsburg, MD 21782 (301) 790-2800 Severn River Land Trust 250 W. Pratt St. Baltimore, MD 21201 (410) 576-4886 South County Conservation Trust P.O. Box 82 Churchion, MD 20733 (410)974-2916 South Mountain Heritage Society P.O. Box 459 Burkittsvillc, MD 21718 (301)443-3163 So. Cecil Co. Community & Watershed Assoc. One Middlcncck Road Warwick, MD 21912 (410)755-6884 Upper Patuxct Land Trust 6510 Paper Place Highland, MD 20777 (301)854-2340 Washington County Land Quality Foundation 5564 Portcrstown Rd. Keedysville, MD (202) 260-5317 Wccms Creek Conservancy 3 Wccms Creek Drive Annapolis, MD 21401 (410) 266-6944 Western Maryland Conservancy 1811 Old National Pike Middlctown, MD 21769 (301)473-5991 38 ------- Wildlife Land Trust 17308 Queen Anne's Bridge Road Bowie, MD 20716 (301) 390-7010 Worchcster Environmental Trust P.O. Box 38 Snow Hill, MD 21863 (410)632-2641 Private Organizations P.H. Glatfeltcr Company 228 S. Main Street Spring Grove, PA 17362 (717) 225-4711 Maryland Tree Farm Program P.O. Box 300 Pocomokc City, MD 21851 Or contact your local consultant forester or DNR Project Forester for more information. Wcstvaco Corporation Wo(xl Procurement Department 300 Pratt Street Luke, MD 21540 (301) 359-3623 39 ------- |