Nonfossil Fueled Fired Industrial Boilers: Emission Test Report, Owens-Illinois, Forest Products Division, Big Island, Virginia


United States	Office of Air Quality	EMB Report 80-WFB-2
Environmental Protection Planning and Standards	February 1980
Agency	Research Triangle Park NC 27711
Air	
v>EPA Nonfossil Fueled Boilers
Emission Test Report
Owens-Illinois
Forest Products Division
Big Island, Virginia

-------
NONFOSSIL FUELED BOILERS
Emission Test Report
Owens-Illinois
Forest Products Division
Big Island, Virginia
12-15 December 1979
Project No.: 80-WFB-2
Prepared for
Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
Emission Measurement Branch
Research Triangle Park
North Carolina 27711
by
James A. Peters and Windle H. McDonald
Contract 68-02-2818, Work Assignment No. 23
February 1980
MONSANTO RESEARCH CORPORATION
DAYTON LABORATORY
1515 Nicholas Road
Dayton, Ohio 45418

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section	Page
1	Introduction 		1
2	Summary of Results 		2
3	Process Description		20
4	Location of Sampling Points		22
5	Sampling and Analytical Methods		24
Appendix
A	Complete Emissions Results
B	Field Data Sheets
C	Visible Emission Field Data Sheets
D	Analytical Data Sheets
E	Project Participants
iii

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1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4
5
6
6
7
8
9
15
15
17
19
25
LIST OF TABLES
Particulate Emission Data and Stack Gas Para-
meters, Owens-Illinois, Big Island, Virginia,
December 12-15, 1979 (English Units) 	
Particulate Emission Data and Stack Gas Para-
meters, Owens-Illinois, Big Island, Virginia,
December 12-15, 1979 (Metric Units)	
Summary of Integrated Gas Analyses, Owens-
Illinois, Big Island, Virginia, December
12-15, 1979	
Summary of S02 Emission Results, Owens-
Illinois, Big Island, Virginia, December
12-15, 1979	
Summary of NO Emission Results, Owens-
Illinois, Big Island, Virginia, December
12-15, 1979	
Summary of Andersen Particle Sizing Results,
Owens-Illinois, Big Island, Virginia,
December 12-15, 1979 	
Summary of Visible Emissions, Owens-
Illinois, Big Island, Virginia, December
12-15, 1979	
Summary of Fuel Ultimate Analyses, Owens-
Illinois, Big Island, Virginia, December
12-15, 1979	
Average Boiler Operating Parameters During
Testing, Owens-Illinois, Big Island,
Virginia, December 12-15, 1979 	
Summary of Trace Metal Emissions, Owens-
Illinois, Big Island, Virginia, December
12-15, 1979	
Summary of ESP Fly Ash Analysis for Trace
Metals, Owens-Illinois, Big Island, Virginia,
December 12-15, 1979 	
Content and Order of the Impinger Portion of
the Modified Method 5 Train	
iv

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure	Page
1.	Schematic diagram of boilers at
Owens-Illinois 	 21
2.	Inlet to boiler #5 multicyclones	 23
3.	Train components and sample recovery
procedure employing modified
Method 5 equipment	 26
v

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SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
The Big Island Paper Mill of Owens-Illinois, Inc., Forest Pro-
ducts Division, in Big Island, Virginia was emission tested by
Monsanto Research Corporation (MRC) for the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) under Contract Number 68-02-2818, Work
Assignment Number 23. The purpose of testing the Big Island Mill
was to gather data that could possibly be used to support the
setting of standards of performance for the non-fossil fuel
boiler industry; in this case, the production of process steam
from firing wood bark and sawdust waste in conjunction with coal.
Gaseous, particulate and trace metal emissions were determined by
simultaneous sampling of four points: inlets and outlets of
control devices at two parallel boilers. The two boiler units
sampled consisted of one firing 100% wood waste and another firing
100% coal. Each boiler is equipped with a multicyclone, the
outlets of which feed a common exhaust duct. This exhaust duct
is split into two equal streams each equipped with a five-stage
electrostatic precipitator (ESP).
The field test work was monitored by Dan Bivins, Field Testing
Section, Emission Measurement Branch, EPA. The sampling per-
formed by MRC was directed by Windle H. McDonald as team leader.
The Big Island Mill was sampled by MRC during the week of Decem-
ber 10-15, 1979. The sample collection methods employed were EPA
Methods 3, 5, 6, 7, and 9, with trace metals collected in the
back half of the Method 5 sampling train, and particulate sizing
by Andersen cascade impactor. The trace metals collected were
analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS).
Quality assurance/quality control in the sampling area covered
such activities as instrument calibration, using standard or
approved sampling methods, chain-of-custody procedures, and
protocols for the recording and calculation of data. QA/QC in
the analysis area involved using only validated analysis methods,
periodic operator QC checking and training, sample QC by the use
of splits, reference standards, and spikes, and interlaboratory
audits.
1

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SECTION 2
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
Durincx 'this field test a total of three particulate matter emis-
sion runs were conducted at four locations simultaneously. The
cyclone inlet and ESP outlet of boiler #4 are designated as the
Trackside locations (because of their physical proximity to the
railroad tracks to the plant), and the cyclone inlet and ESP
outlet of boiler #5 are designated as the Riverside locations.
The stack sampling procedure consisted of extracting four samples
simultaneously for each test, one from each multiclone inlet duct
and one from each ESP outlet stack.
Boiler #4 (Trackside) was 100% coal-fired and boiler #5 (River-
side) was 100% wood-fired. Sootblowing is performed on both
boilers at the beginning of each plant shift, at 7:00 A.M.,
3:00 P.M., and 11:00 P.M. During this emission test no sootblows
were made during any of the three runs.
The normal operating mode of the two boilers sampled is to oper-
ate the Trackside (coal-fired) boiler at a constant loading, and
to varv the Riverside (wood-fired) boiler loading with demand.
This operating mode was continued during all three sampling runs.
The output loading of the Riverside boiler varied from 5(5,000 to
150 000 lb steam/hr, while the Trackside boiler load varied from
90 000 to 150,000 lb steam/hr. During Test 3 a greater portion
of'the plant load (about 150,000 lb/hr) was being carried by the
coal-fired boiler because of lower bark availability on Saturdays.
on December 11, one electrostatic precipitator was out of service
and under repair. At approximately 4:00 P.M. the precipitator
was returned to full service, with all five fields of both preci-
pitators operating normally with rapping being performed auto-
matically. Once the plant operation became normal, preliminary
velocity traverses for nozzle sizing were made.
Emission test run #1 began at 1:25 P.M. on December 12. After
approximately 25 minutes of sampling, one train s filter plugged,
and sampling was interrupted for two hours. The sampling then
ran normally until 4:50 P.M. when a paper machine breakdown,
reduced boiler load to about 10% of normal and testing was inter-
rupted. At 5:50 P.M. the plant returned to normal operation, and
the test was completed at 6:31 P.M.
2

-------
On December 14 sampling began at 11:25 A.M. for test run #2, and
was completed at 2:55 P.M. without major incident, with the
exception of low velocity in one duct causing an extended samp-
ling time.
On December 15 sampling started at 10:45 A.M. for test run #3,
and was completed at 1:15 P.M. without incident. A paper machine
breakdown occurred in the plant during the sampling period, but
the time coincided with port changes so that sampling was
unaffected.
Emissions of particulate matter and stack gas parameters are
summarized in Tables 1 and 2. All test runs were conducted
within isokinetic variation. Stack flow rates averaged 26%
higher at the outlet over the inlet on the Riverside unit and 62%
on the Trackside unit. The source of additional flow is not
known. Integrated gas analysis results are given in Table 3;
small amounts of CO were detected at the cyclone inlet of the
wood-fired boiler.
Test runs for S02 and NO emissions were made immediately prior
or after each particulate emission test. Results of SO2 emis-
sions are given in Table 4; runs 1-B at the Riverside outlet and
1-A at the Trackside outlet are suspect due to their very low
values. No analysis errors were found and field data sheets
indicated no problems, but subcontracted personnel performed the
sampling and may have made procedural mistakes. Statistical
tests for outlying data indicate that these data cannot be
excluded. Table 5 contains the summarized results of NO
emissions.
Particulate sizing by Andersen cascade impactor was done at the
inlet and outlet of the Riverside emission control units (wood-
fired) and the outlet only of the Trackside (coal-fired) since
uncontrolled emissions from coal-fired boilers have been well
characterized. Results are presented in Table 6; three runs were
outside of isokinetic variation due to low sampler flowrates.
Opacity readings were taken by a certified observer during each
emission test. Summarized results of opacity readings are given
in Table 7. Plume readings hovered around 15% opacity during
runs 1 and 2, and around 10% opacity during run 3. Complete
opacity results are furnished in Appendix C.
Samples of fuel were collected during each emission test run for
ultimate analysis. Table 8 presents a summary of analysis results
of the bark and coal fuels.
Plant operating data for each of three emission tests is summar-
ized in Table 9. Complete operating data taken during testing is
contained in Appendix B. The coal and bark feed rates given in
Table 9 were not directly measured since the plant measures only
3

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TABLE 1. PARTICULATE EMISSION DATA AND STACK GAS PARAMETERS, OWENS-ILLINOIS,
BIG ISLAND, VIRGINIA, DECEMBER 12-15, 1979 (ENGLISH UNITS)
Emissions
Run
number
Date
Tine,
min
Riverside Inlet
Boiler #5
1
2
3
Average
Trackside Inlet
Boiler #4
1
2
3
Average
Riverside Outlet
1
2
3
Average
Trackside Outlet
1
2
3
Average
Temperature,
	°F
Flow,
dscfnt
12/12/79
12/14/79
12/15/79
12/12/79
12/14/79
12/15/79
12/12/79
12/14/79
12/15/79
12/12/79
12/14/79
12/15/79
98
98
98
55
90
135
112.5
TT3T5
98
96
96
97
96
96
96
95
305
299
287
197
355
378
401
375
324
312
315
317
315
307
304
309
HzO,
percent
Isokinetic,
percent
qr/dscf
Actual
Ib/hr lb/mm Btu
Corrected to
12 percent CO,
qr/dscf
63,323
58,678
53,945
55,649
52,412
44,962
45,685
47 686
72,661
73,719
75,293
73 891
76,571
77,770
76,822
77 05?
6.34
13.66
12.54
T5755
6.46
4.31
6.22
5.66
8.37
9.87
7.25
5755
8.49
8.99
8.18
5^5
98.1
106.4
96.1
96.5
105.0
96.4
95.3
95.5
95.5
99.5
99.5
99.9
0.7956
2.0713
2.1854
1.6841
3.8476
3.3882
3.8552
3.6470
0.0888
0.1255
0.0951
0.1631
0.1277
0.1183
0.1002
0.1154
431.8
1,041.6
1,010.3
827.8
1,728.2
1,305.6
1,509.4
1 514.4
55.3
79.3
61.4
5577
83.8
78.9
66.0
7571
3.4270
7.4667
9.4509
6.7615
8.3852
6.1906
6.2141
579355
0.4389
0.5685
0.5744
0.5273
0.4066
0.3741
0.2717
0.3508
1.5399
4.6029
3.8569
3". 3332
5.3070
5.0823
5.6418
5.3437
0.1747
0.3204
0.1678
0.2210
0.3191
0.2448
0.1718
0.2453

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TABLE 2. PARTICULATE EMISSION DATA AND STACK GAS PARAMETERS, OWENS-ILLINOIS
BIG ISLAND, VIRGINIA, DECEMBER 12-15, 1979 (METRIC UNITS)
Run
number
Date
Time,
¦in
Temperature,
°C
Flow,
dncmDB
h2o,
percent
Isokinetic,
percent
qr/dncm
Actual
kg/hr
Emissions
kq/GJ
Corrected to
12 percent C02
qr/dncu
Riverside Inlet










Boiler *5










1
12/12/79
98
152
1,793
6.34
98.1
1.8211
195.8
1.4733
3.5247
2
12/14/79
96
148
1,662
13.66
106.4
4.7410
472.5
3.2099
10.5356
3
12/15/79
98
142
1,528
12.54
96.1
5.0022
458.3
4.0629
8.8274
Average
95
147
i;66i
16.65

3.6546
375.5
2.9154
7.6242
Trackside Inlet










Boiler #4










1
12/12/79
90
180
1,484
6.46
96.5
8.8067
783.9
3.6041
12.1472
2
12/14/79
135
192
1,273
4.31
105.0
7.7553
592.2
2.6616
11.6330
3
12/15/79
112.5
205
1,294
6.22
96.4
8.8242
684.7
2.6715
12.9135
Average
112.5
192
1,356
5.66

6.4621
686.4
2.9741
12.2312
Riverside Outlet










1
12/12/79
98
162
2,058
8.37
95.3
0.2033
25.1
0.1889
0.3999
2
12/14/79
96
156
2,088
9.87
95.5
0.2872
36.0
0.2446
0.7333
3
12/15/79
96
157
2,132
7.25
95.5
0.2178
27.8
0.2465
0.3844
Average
97
155
2,093
8755

6.2361
29.6
0.2267
0.5059
Trackside Outlet










1
12/12/79
96
157
2,168
8.49
99.5
0.2922
38.0
0.1747
0.7305
2
12/14/79
96
153
2,202
8.99
99.5
0.2709
35.8
0.1609
0.5605
3
12/15/79
96
151
2,176
8.18
99.9
0.2293
29.9
0.1167
0.3931
Average
97
15?
1,162
5755

6.2641
34.6
6.1566
0.5614

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TABLE 3. SUMMARY OF INTEGRATED GAS ANALYSES, OWENS-ILLINOIS
BIG ISLAND, VIRGINIA, DECEMBER 12-15, 1979
Run

C02,
o2,
CO,
n2,
MW,
number
Date
percent
percent
percent
percent
lb/lb mol*»
Riverside Inlet
Boiler #5
1
2
3
12/12/79
12/14/79
12/15/79
6.2
5.4
6.8
13.99
14.8
11.2
0.55
0.2
0.0
79.3
79.6
82.0
29.56
29.47
29.54
Trackside Inlet
Boiler #4
1
2
3
12/12/79
12/14/79
12/15/79
8.7
8.0
8.2
11.4
10.4
10.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
79.8
81.6
80.9
29.86
29.70
29.75
Riverside Outlet
1
2
3
12/12/79
12/14/79
12/15/79
6.1
4.7
6.8
13.99
14.6
13.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
80.0
80.7
80.0
29.56
29.34
29.62
Trackside Outlet
1
2
3
12/12/79
12/14/79
12/15/79
5.2
5.8
7.0
15.6
13.8
11.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
79.2
80.4
81.8
29.41
29.48
29.57
TABLE 4. SUMMARY OF S02 EMISSION RESULTS, OWENS-ILLINOIS,
BIG ISLAND, VIRGINIA, DECEMBER 12-15, 1979
Run
number
Date
lb/dacf x 10"*
lb/hr*
lb/am Blu
Riveriide Outlet




l-A
12/12/79
30.27
128.74
1.022
1-B
12/12/79
1.28
5.47
0.043
2-A
12/14/79
42.20
186.66
1.338
2-B
12/14/79
37.89
167.60
1.201
3-A
12/15/79
#.17
36.12
0.338
3-B
12/15/79
22.38
9B.98
0.926
Average

23.70
103.93
on
Tracktide Outlet




l-A
12/12/79
0.72
3.32
0.016
1-B
12/12/79
19.67
91.29
0.443
2-A
12/14/79
33.99
158.49
0.751
2-B
12/14/79
26.52
123.63
0.586
3-A
12/15/79
19.09
89.01
0.366
3-B
12/15/79
34.8S
162.52
0.669
Average
32.51
164.71
6.47}
'Bated on corresponding EPA Method 5 run for volumetric flow
r»t* (dsefa).
6

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TABLE 5. SUMMARY OF NO EMISSION RESULTS, OWENS-ILLINOIS,
big island, Virginia, December 12-15, 1979
Run
Number
Date
ppm
lb/dscf x 10~6
lb/hra
lb/mm Btu x 10"3
g/ncm x 10~2
kq/hra
Riverside Outlet







1-1
12/12/79
2.22
0.262
1.143
9.071
0.420
0.519
1-2
12/12/79
0.11
0.013
0.055
0.437
0.020
0.025
1-3
12/12/79
0.12
0.014
0.061
0.484
0.022
0.028
Average

0.82
6.096
0.420
3.331
0.154
0.191
2-1
12/14/79
3.70
0.438
1.936
13.878
0.701
0.878
2-2
12/14/79
3.82
0.451
1.997
14.315
0.723
0.906
2-3
12/14/79
3.81
0.451
1.994
14.294
0.722
0.904
2-4
12/14/79
3.40
0.403
1.780
12.760
0.645
0.808
Average

3.68
6.416
1.927
13.812
6.696
6.674
3-1
12/15/79
1.35
0.160
0.707
6.614
0.256
0.321
3-2
12/15/79
3.84
0.455
2.011
18.812
0.728
0.912
3-3
12/15/79
2.21
0.261
1.155
10.804
0.418
0.524
Average

2.44
6.264
1.276
11.946
0.463
0.580
Trackside Outlet







1-1
12/12/79
2.50
0.296
1.360
6.599
0.474
0.617
1-2
12/12/79
0.13
0.015
0.069
0.335
0.024
0.031
1-3
12/12/79
2.07
0.245
1.126
5.463
0.392
0.511
Average
1.57
0.185
6.652
4.132
6.297
6.176
2-1
12/14/79
2.78
0.329
1.537
7.288
0.527
0.697
2-2
12/14/79
2.74
0.325
1.514
7.179
0.520
0.687
2-3
12/14/79
2.04
0.241
1.124
5.330
0.386
0.510
2-4
12/14/79
2.58
0.305
1.423
6.747
0.488
0.645
Average
2.5 4
0.300
1.400
6.636
6.486
6.635
3-1
12/15/79
2.67
0.316
1.475
6.072
0.506
0.669
3-2
12/15/79
3.42
0.405
1.888
7.773
0.648
0.856
3-3
12/15/79
4.01
0.475
2.216
9.123
0.761
1.005
Average
3.37
<5.399
1.666
7.656
0.638
0.843
aBased on corresponding EPA Method 5 run for volumetric flow rate (dscfm).

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6. SUMMARY OF ANDERSEN PARTICLE SIZING RESULTS, OWENS-ILLINOIS,
BIG ISLAND, VIRGINIA, DECEMBER 12-15, 1979
Riverside Cyclone Inlet

Run RI-1



Run RI-2



Run RI-3

Flow rate (ACFM): 0.26
Flow rate
(ACFM): 0.32
Flow rate
(ACFM): 0.26
* ISO:
106.3

« ISO:
99
.4

% ISO:
99
.4


Cumulative



Cumulative



Cumulative

Percent
percent
Size
Percent

percent
Size
Percent

percent
Size
in size
less than
range.
in size

less than
range,
in size

less than
range.
ranqe
sxze ranqe
microns
ranqe

size ranqe
microns
ranqe

size ranqe
microns
25.3
84.9
>19.5
47.8

52.1
>17.5
21.1

78.9
>19.5
16.2
59.6
13.3 - 19.5
0.7

51.4
11.9 - 17.5
3.4

75.5
13.3 - 19.5
14.9
43.4
8.9 - 13.3
11.6

39.8
7.95 - 11.9
14.3

61.2
8.9 - 13.3
19.5
23.9
6.1 - 8.9
8.7

31.1
5.5 - 7.95
14.3

46.9
6.1 - 8.9
1.3
22.6
3.9 - 6.1
12.3

18.8
3.45 - 5.5
8.2

38.7
3.9 - 6.1
3.2
19.4
2.03 - 3.9
6.5

12.3
1.8 - 3.45
6.8

31.9
2.03 - 3.9
1.9
17.5
1.25 - 2.03
3.6

8.7
1.11 - 1.8
7.5

24.4
1.25 - 2.03
3.2
14. 3
0.84 - 1.25
0.7

8.0
0.75 - 1.11
8.8

15.6
0.84 - 1.25
14.3
0
0 - 0.84
8.0

0
0 - 0.75
15.6

0
0 - 0.84




Riverside ESP
Outlet





Run RO-1



Run RO-2



Run RO-3

Flow rate (ACFM): 0.
23
Flow rate
(ACFM): 0.
214
Plow rate
(ACFM): 0.
24
I ISO:
98.95

t ISO:
85.6

% ISO:
93.55


Cumulative



Cumulative



Cumulative

Percent
percent
Size
Percent

percent
Size
Percent

percent
Size
in size
less than
range,
in size

less than
ranger
in size

less than
range*
ranqe
size ranqe
microns
ranqe

size ranqe
microns
ranqe

size ranqe
microns
6.8
93.3
>22.0
7.3

92.8
>23.0
18.0

82.0
>21.6
2.1
91.2
14.0 - 22.0
23.7

69.1
14.5 - 23.0
4.6

77.4
13.9 - 21.6
4.4
86.8
9.4 - 14.0
7.3

61.8
9.9 - 14.5
7.6

69.8
9.3 - 13.9
40.0
46.8
6.25 - 9.4
4.4

57.4
6.7 - 9.9
15.8

54.0
6.4 - 9.3
31.4
15.4
4.15 - 6.25
12.6

44.8
4.4 - 6.7
16.1

37.9
4.05 - 6.4
8.0
7.4
2.15 - 4.15
16.9

27.9
2.2 - 4.4
16.1

21.8
2.11 - 4.05
2.6
4.8
1.33 - 2.15
18.8

9.1
1.35 - 2.2
5.7

16.1
1.3 - 2.11
2.4
2.4
0.9 - 1.33
8.4

0. 7
0.9 - 1.35
0.8

15.3
0.89 - 1.3
2.4
0
0 - 0.9
0.7

0
0 - 0.9
15.3

0
0 - 0.89




Trackside ESP
Outlet





Run TO—1



Run TO-2



Run TO-3

Flow rate (ACFM): 0.
41
Flow rate
(ACFM): 0.
40
Flow rate
(ACFM): 0.
18
* ISO:
103.2

* ISO:
72. 3

% ISO:
38.6


Cumulative



Cumulative



Cumulative

Percent
percent
Size
Percent

percent.
Size
Percent

percent
Size
in size
less than
range.
in size

less than
range.
in size

less than
range,
range
size ranqe
microns
ranqe

size ranqe
microns
ranqe

size ranqe
microns
19.3
80.7
>16.5
7.2

93.0
>17.5
0

100
>25.0
7.6
73.1
10.5 - 16.5
13.2

79.8
11.0 - 17.5
1.4

98.7
16.D - 25.0
0.6
72.5
7.1 - 10.5
10.2

69.6
7.3 - 11.0
9.9

88.8
10.8 - 16.0
2.3
70.2
4.85 - 7.1
10.0

59.6
4.9 - 7.3
9.9

78.9
7.4 - 10.8
11.1
59.1
3.05 - 4.85
11.4

48.2
3.4 - 4.9
11.3

67.6
4.7 - 7.4
31.6
27.5
1.6 - 3.05
15.0

33.2
1.6 - 3.4
13.4

54.2
2.4 - 4.7
11.1
16.4
0.97 - 1.6
17.2

16.0
0.98 - 1.6
21.1

33.1
1.5 - 2.4
4.7
11.7
0.66 - 0.97
9.6

6.4
0.68 - 0.98
19.0

14.1
1.05 - 1.5
11.7
0
0 - 0.66
6.4

0
0 - 0.68
14.1

0
0 - 1.05

-------
TABLE 7
SUMMARY OF VISIBLE EMISSIONS, OWENS-ILLINOIS,
BIG ISLAND, VIRGINIA, DECEMBER 12-15, 1979
Owens-Illinois, Run R-l
Dste: 12/12/79		Type of Plant: Paper mill
Type of Discharge:iUcli ;	Location of DiseKaroel Riverside stack
Height of Point of Discharge:190 ft	Description of Sky: scattered clouds
Wind Direction: H-NW		Wind Velocity: o-S bdK	
Color or Pluae: white-qrsv	Detached Plume: "no
Observer Nane: S. Carter	Duration of observation: 138 Bin
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point:	100-150 yds
Direction of Observer frcm Discharge Point:	west
Height of Observation Point: around level	~
'¦ s
U H H A ft Y
8P AVERAGE
OPACITY

Set
Nuaber
Tiae


Opacity
Start
End
Sun
Average

1
13:10
13:15
340
14.2

2
13:16
13:21
360
15.0

3
13:22
13:27
360
15.0
test
began





4
13:28
13:33
370
15.4

S
13:34
13:39
430
17.9

6
13:40
13:45
365
15.2

7
13:46
13:51
350
14.6

8
13:S2
13:57
360
15.0
test
interrupted




9
15:50
15:55
305
12.7

10
15:56
16:01
510
21.3

11
16:02
16:07
365
15.2

12
16:08
16:13
555
23.1
tact
interrupted




13
16:30
16:35
335
14.0

14
16:36
16:41
435
18.1

IS
16:42
16:47
360
1S.0

16
16:48
16:53
350
14.6

17
16:54
16:59
360
15.0

18
17:00
17:05
325
13.5
test
interrupted





19
17:50
17:55
360
15.0

20
17:56
18:01
370
15.4

21
18:02
18:07
365
15.2

22
18:08
18:13
360
15.0

23
18:14
18:19
360
15.0
tested ended



Average, all aets



15.6*
1	2	3
TIME, hours
9

-------
TABLE 7 (continued)
Owens-Illinois, Run R-2
Date: 12/14/79	j
Type of Discharge: stack
Height of Point of Di(Charge:
Wind Direction: WW	
Color or Pluae: white-gray
Observer Name: S. Carter
IV) ft
Type of Plant: Paper mill
Location of Discharge: Riverside stack"
Description of Sky: clear
Wind Velocity:
Detached Flume:
0-5
mph
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point:
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point:
Height of Observation Point: around level
Duration of observation:
100-150 yds	
126 min"
West
— SUMMARY
OF AVERAGE
OPACITY
Set
Number
Tiae


Opacity
Start
End
Sun
Average
1
11:10
11:15
360
15.0
2
11:16
11:21
360
15.0
3
11:22
11:27
455
19.0
test began




4
11:28
11:33
360
15.0
5
11:34
11:39
360
15.0
6
11:40
11:45
395
16.5
7
11:46
11:51
360
15.0
e
11:52
11:57
360
15.0
9
11:58
12:03
360
15.0
test interrupted




10
12:34
12:39
420
17.5
11
12:40
12:45
360
15.0
12
12:46
12:51
360
15.0
13
12:52
12:57
360
15.0
14
12:58
13:03
360
15.0
15
13:04
13:09
535
22.3
16
13:10
13:15
360
15.0
17
1316
13:21
360
15.0
IS
13:22
13:27
360
15.0
19
13:28
13:33
360
15.0
20
13:34
13:39
360
15.0
21
13:40
13:45
360
15.0
test ended




Average, all sets



15.7%
TIME, hours
10

-------
TABLE 7 (continued)
Owens-Illinois, Run R-3
Date: 12/15/79				Type of Plant: Paper Bill
Type of Discharge:stack	Location of Discharge: Riverside ttacK
Height of Point of Discharge.' 190 ft	Description of Sky: partly cloudlv ana hazy
Wind Direction: HV	Wind Velocity: 5-10 SpK
Color or Plume: white-gray	Detached fluae: no	
Observer Kane: V HacKniqht	Duration of observation: 14* Bin
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point:	100-150
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point:	Weit
Height of Observation Point: ground level	~
S U H M A R V
6F AVERAGE
6 t A 6 ! 1 Y
Set
Tiae


Opacity
Number
Start
End
Sub
Average
1
10:00
10:05
250
10.4
2
10:06
10:11
430
17.9
3
10:12
10:17
345
14.4
4
10:18
10:23
265
11.0
5
10:24
10:29
255
10.6
6
10:30
10:35
245
10.2
7
10:36
10:41
505
21.0
e
10:42
10:47
240
10.0
test begins




9
10:48
10:53
240
10.0
10
10:S4
10:59
280
11.7
11
11:00
11:05
305
12.7
12
11:06
11:11
255
10.6
13
11:12
11:17
335
14.0
14
11:18
11:23
255
10.6
IS
11:24
11:29
305
12.7
16
11:30
11:35
295
12.3
test interrupted



17
11:52
11:57
285
11.9
16
11:58
12:03
275
11.5
19
12:04
12:09
255
10.6
20
12:10
12:15
275
11.5
21
12:16
12:21
490
20.4
22
12:22
12:27
285
11.9
23
12:28
12:33
240
10.0
24
12:34
12:39
285
11.9
test ended



Average, all lets



12.5X
11

-------
TABLE 7 (continued)
Owens-Illinois, Run T-l
Date: 12/12/79		Type of Plant: Paper alll
Type of Discharge: »taclc	Location of Discharge: Tracusiae stacfc
Height of Point of Discharge: l»fl ft	Description of Sky: scattered clouds
Wind Direction: W-W		*>ind Velocity: 0-5 mpti
Color or Pluaie: white-grav	Detached Plune: no		
Observer Nane: S. Carter	Duration of observation: 120 am	
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point:	100-150 yds	
Direction of Observer fron Discharge Point:	West
Height of Observation Point: ground level
iUHHUV
6 f AVERAGE
6 f A C I T V

Set
Tisie


Opacity

Nuaber
Start
End
Sum
Average

1
13:10
13:15
340
14.2

2
13:16
13:21
360
15.0

3
13:22
13:27
360
15.0
test
began



15.4

4
13:26
13:33
370

5
13:34
13:39
335
14.0

6
13:40
13:45
350
14.6

7
13:46
13:51
350
14.6

e
13:52
13:57
470
19.6
test
interrupted





9
15: SO
15:55
315
13.1

10
15:56
16:01
360
15.0

11
16:02
16:07
360
15.0
test
interrupted





12
16:30
16:35
370
15.4

13
16:36
16:41
335
14.0

14
16:42
16:47
360
15.0

15
16:48
16:53
455
19.0
test
interrupted





16
17:50
17:55
340
14.2

17
17:56
18:01
360
15.0

ia
18:02
18:07
360
15.0

19
18:08
16:13
360
15.0

20
18:14
18:19
370
15.4
test
ended




Average, all sets



IS. 2%
TIME, hours
12

-------
TABLE 7 (continued)
Owens-Illinois, Run T-2
Date: 12/14/19			
Type of Discharge: stack ~
Height of Point of Discharge:
wind Direction: WW	
Color or PIuse; white-gray
Observer Name: S. Carter
190 fl"
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point:
Direction of Observer from Discharge Point:
Height of Observation Point: ground level
Type of Plant: Paper ¦ill
Location of Discharge: Tracksiae stack-
Description of Sky:
Wind Velocity: 0-5 nch
Detached Fluae:
clear
Duration of observation:
100-150 yds	
150 sin
West
SUMMARY
0 F
Avm x~T5 r-
Of AC
I T ?
Set
Number

Tiae

Opacity
Start
End
Sub
Average
1
11
10
11:15
360
15.0
2
11
16
11:21
360
15.0
3
11
22
11:27
360
15.0
test began





4
11
2B
11:33
360
15.0
S
11:34
11 >39
360
15.0
6
11
40
11:45
380
15.8
7
11
46
11:51
360
15.0
e
11
52
11:57
360
15.0
9
11
58
12:03
360
15.0
10
12
04
12:09
360
15.0
11
12
10
12:15
360
15.0
12
12
16
12:21
360
15.0
13
12
22
12:27
360
15.0
14
12
2B
12:33
400
16.7
IS
12
34
12:39
360
15.0
16
12
40
12*45
360
15.0
17
12:46
12:51
360
15.0
test interrupted





18
12
56
13:01
360
15.0
19
13
02
13:07
360
15.0
20
13
08
13:13
360
15.0
21
13
14
13:19
490
20.4
22
13
20
13:25
360
15.0
23
13
26
13:31
360
15.0
24
13
32
13:37
360
15.0
25
13
38
13:43
SCO
15.0
tesc ended





Average, all sets




IS.3*
20
*
>-'
fc
< 15
10



A
RUN 7-2


A
A

	1	1		 . _
TIME, hours
13

-------
TABLE 7 (continued)
Owens-Illinois. Run T-3
Date: 12/15/79	
Type of Discharge: stack
Height of Point of Discharge:
Wind Direction: NW
Color or Plume: white-gray
Observer Name: V HacKniqht
190 ft
Distance from Observer to Discharge Point:
Direction of Observer froa Discharge Point:
Height of Observation Point: around level
Type of Plant: Paper mill	
Location of Discharge: Trackside stack
Description of Sky: partly cloudlv and hazy
wind Velocity: 5-10 mph
Detached Plume: no
Duration of observation:
100-150 yds
West	
144 win"
S t) M h A ft Y
6 F A"V E ft A 6 E
4 H { I I V
Set
Time


Opacity
Number
Start
End
Sum
Average
1
10:00
10:05
245
10.2
2
10:06
10:11
305
12.7
3
10:12
10:17
250
10.4
4
10:18
10:23
240
10.0
5
10:24
10:29
430
17.9
6
10:30
10:35
260
10.8
7
10:36
10:41
245
10.2
test began




e
10:42
10:47
240
10.0
9
10:46
10:53
240
10.0
10
10:54
10:59
250
10.4
11
11:00
11:05
280
11.7
12
11:06
11:11
255
10.6
13
11:12
11:17
255
10.6
14
11:18
11:23
250
10.4
15
11:24
11:29
320
13.3
16
11:30
11:35
240
10.0
test interrupted




17
11:52
11:57
295
12.3
IB
11:58
12:03
305
12.7
19
12:04
12:09
505
21.0
20
12:10
12:15
335
14.0
21
12:16
12:21
255
10.6
22
12:22
12:27
240
10.0
23
12:28
12:33
260
10.8
24
12:34
12:39
255
10.6
test ended




Average, all sets



11.7%
1	2
TIME, hours
14

-------
TABLE 8. SUMMARY OF FUEL ULTIMATE ANALYSES, OWENS-ILLINOIS,
BIG ISLAND, VIRGINIA, DECEMBER 12-15, 1979
8a»pie
number
Carbon,
Mrctnt
Hydrogen, Nitrogen,
percent percent
Fuel
Sulfur, Ash, Oxygen, value,
percent percent percent >tu/lb
Trackside coal bin
boiler H
Run l
at received
dry basis
Run 2
aa received
dry bam
Run 3
as received
dry basis
Riverside bark
screw feeder
boiler §5
Run 1
as received
dry basis
Run 2
as received
dry basis
Run 3
as received
dry basis
12/12/79
12/14/79
12/15/79
12/12/79
12/14/79
12/15/79
56.21
61.94
66.84
73.52
61.56
64.20
26.27
46.58
25.67
45.74
24.72
45.13
4.16
3.71
5.37
4.98
4.68
4.40
6.07
5.73
8.10
5.73
6.09
5.59
0.94
1.00
1.53
1.63
1.19
1.24
0.12
0.21
0.15
0.26
0.13
0.24
0.56
0.60
1.09
1.16
0.97
1.01
0.02
0.03
0.02
0.03
0.01
0.02
19.70
20.96
10.52
11.23
16.26
16.98
2.17
3.64
2.23
3.98
2.62
5.14
16.43
11.79
12.65
7.46
15.32
12.17
63.35
43.61
63.63
44.26
64.23
43.68
11,104
11,615
12,416
13,258
11.624
12.122
4,615
8,183
4,675
8,330
4,527
6.265
TABLE 9. AVERAGE BOILER OPERATING PARAMETERS DURING
TESTING, OWENS-ILLINOIS, BIG ISLAND,
VIRGINIA, DECEMBER 12-15, 1979
Boiler
Boiler test
time, min
Boiler #4 (Trackside)
Steam production, 103 lb/hr
Steam pressure, psig
Steam heat output, mm Btu/hr
Coal feed rate, ton/hr
Boiler #5 (Riverside)
Steam production, 103 lb/hr
Steam pressure, psig
Steam temperature, ®F
Steam heat output, mm Btu/hr
Bark feed rate, ton/hr"
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3
120	171	100
123	126	145
585	578	580
206.1	210.9	242.9
6.9 7.0 8.1
95.5	105	81
607.5	607	618
650	665	651
126.0	139.5	106.9
14.0	15.6	12.1
aAssuraes that steam is saturated; no data on steam tempera-
ture furnished.
^Calculated by plant personnel based on historical use
patterns; estimated to be within ± 1 ton/hr.
15

-------
daily use rates; the rates given were based on historical usage
data as determined by plant operating personnel.
Trace metal emissions collected during particulate testing are
summarized in Table 10. Filter particulate matter, probe wash-
ings, and impinger catches were analyzed for mercury, cadmium,
lead, nickel, manganese, and arsenic. Flyash samples from the
ESP's were also analyzed for trace metals, and results are pre-
sented in Table 11. Removal efficiencies of trace metals by the
control equipment tend to be low; in some cases, an increase from
inlet to outlet can be observed due to mixing of the exhaust
streams between the Trackside and Riverside boilers.
The two boilers and the electrostatic precipitators operated
normally during all three sampling runs; hence, the data should
be representative of this type of non-fossil fuel fired boiler
facility.
16

-------
TABLE 10.
SUMMARY OF TRACE METAL EMISSIONS,
BIG ISLAND, VIRGINIA, DECEMBER 12
OWENS-ILLINOIS,
-15, 1979

Boiler
Ha Cd M> Hi
Hn
As
Riverside (wood-fired) Inlet
Run 1-Ri
Filter catch. |ig
Front wash catch, 119
Im^inger catch, |ig
Emission rate, lb/hr
Emission factor, lb/a
Btu
Bun 2-RI
Filter catch, m9
Front wash catch, 119
Iapin9er catch, ug
Emission rate, lb,"
Emission factor.
Run 3-m
i/hr
lb/mm Btu
Filter catch, M9
Front wash catch, pg
Iapinger catch, mq
Emission rate, lb/hr
Emission factor, lb Am Btu
Average - hi runs	
Emission rate, lb/hr
Emission factor, lb/am Btu
Riverside (wood-fired) Outlet
Run 1-RO	
Filter catch, pg
Front wash catch, pg
Impinger catch, pg
Emission rate, lb/hr
Emission factor, lb/am Btu
Run 2-RO	
Filter catch, pg
Front wash catch, 119
Impinoer catch, M9
Emission rate, lb/hr
Emission factor, lb/mm Btu
5.2
0.3
BDL
7.34 * 10"
5.5 x 10"*
BDL
0.5
BDL
6.49 X 10"
4.41 * 10"
BDL
0.5
0.1
8.62 * 10"
7.65 X 10"
2.98 * 10"«
2.23 * 10 "•
35.3
0.2
0.3
3.78 * 10"®
2.85 X 10~*
4.0
0.4
1.9
1.07
7.28
6.3
5.9
BDL
.72 x 10"1
.29 x 10"s
S.O
6.7
BDL
1.52 X 10"*
1.03 x 10"s
4.0
4.0
BDL
.15 x 10"
1
1.02
X 10"s
1.46 X 10"s
1.11 X 10"*
6.2
4.7
BDL
1.15 X 10"*
8.62 X 10"*
1.2
3.2
BDL
7.48 X
5.08 X
230.9
96.9
13.7
4.80 X 10"
3.62 X 10"
181.0
140.3
BDL
4.17 X 10"
2.83 X 10"
133.3
91.7
BDL
3.23 x 10"
2.87 X 10"
4.07 x 10"*
3.11 X 10*4
318.5
147.0
5.7
4.95
3.72
110.9
240.0
BDL
5.97 X 10"
4.05 X 10"
62.0
279.6
3.0
4.85
3.65
X 10
x 10
39.5
287.4
BDL
4.24 x 10"*
2.88 x 10"4
26.9
205.9
BDL
3.35 x 10"*
2.97 X 10~«
4.15 X 10"*
3.17 X 10"«
317.0
122.0
3.0
4.64 X 10"
3.49 X 10"
29.4
184.0
BDL
3.63 X 10"
2.47 X 10"
8,493.9
16,399.9
6.1
3.50
2.64 x 10
5,997.0
27,002.4
6.2
4.28
2.91 x 10"*
5,491.3
22,000.3
6.0
3.95
3.50 X 10"*
3.91
3.02 X
10"*
4,193.2
270.0
3.1
0.47
3.53 X 10"
1.021.0
210.0
2.3
0.21
1.42
11.0
7.8
BDL
2.6S X 10'
1.99 x 10"
25.2
28.4
1.8
7.19 X 10"
4.8B x 10'
20.5
15.9
BDL
5.23 x 10"
4.64 X 10'
5.02 X 10"3
2.84 X 10"s
X 10"J
485.8
123.3
1.0
6.41
4.82
158.1
114.1
1.1
4.65
3.16
10"*
10*4
10"*
10"«
Run 3-RO
Filter catch, 119
Front wash catch, pg
lapin^er catch, pg
Suasion rate, lb/hr
arission factor, lb/wm Btu
Averaqe-RO runs	
Emission rate, lb/hr
Emission factor, lb/m
0.2
0.3
1.4
3.23
2.86
10
10"
Btu
1.72 x 10"s
1.29 x 10"5
1.2
3.5
BDL
7.99 x 10"4
7.08 X 10"s
8.99 x 10 4
6.93 * 10"*
110.8
270.0
BDL
6.47 x 10 *
5.74 x 10"4
5.80 x 10"*
4.50 X 10"4
34.4
136.0
BDL
2.90 x 10~*
2.57 X 10"4
3.72 X 10
2.84 X 10"
721.1
135.9
2.7
0.15
1.30
X 10"
0.28
2.08 X
10
110.6
63.6
6.2
3.07
2.72
10
10"
4.71 x 10"*
3.57 x 10"4
(continued)

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TABLE 10 (continued)
Boiler
Trackside (coal-fired) Inlet
Run 1-T1		
Filter catch, pg
Front wash catch, pg
Inpinger catch, pg
Emission rate, lb/hr
Emission factor, lb/am Btu
Hun 2-TI	
Filter catch, pg
Front wash catch, m9
Impinger catch, pg
Emission rate, lb/hr
Emission factor, lb/ma Btu
Run 3-TI	
Filter catch, 119
Front wash catch, pg
Impinger catch, ug
Emission rate, lb/hr
Emission factor, lb/aa Btu

0.6
1.2
0.2
2.32 x 10"5
1.07 * 10**
1.5
0.2
13.8
1.11
4.98
10
10"
0.3
BDL
8.2
7.93 * 10"4
3.10 X 10**
"CT
0.8
4.7
BDL
6.41 x 10"
2.95 X 10"
1.0
4.6
BDL
4.00 X 10"
1.80 x 10"
1.6
2.6
BDL
3.92 X 10"4
1.53 X 10"*
"TET
163.6
290.1
9.7
5.40 X 10"*
2.48 X 10"4
346.0
330.3
17.9
4.96 X 10"
2.23 x 10"
341.9
309.5
BDL
6.08 X 10"1
2.37 X 10" 4
Tir
293.3
382.9
3.0
7.91 X 10"
3.64 X 10"
292.1
376.4
5.0
4.81 X 10"
2.16 X 10"
314.0
433.3
BDL
6.98 X 10"'
2.72 X 10~4
~wr
1.622.4
5,999.3
7.1
0.89
4.09 X 10"
547.0
5,000.2
6.3
0.40
1.78 X 10"
582.0
,800.0
5.4
0.32
1.23 X 10"
Kb
528.5
303.0
BDL
9.69 x 10'»
4.45 x 10"4
918.4
735.8
22.8
0.12
5.38 X 10* 4
906.2
1422
3.1
9.82	X
3.83	X
Averaqe-TI runs
00
Emission rate, lb/hr
Emission factor, lb/m
Btu
Trackside (coal-fired) Outlet
Run 1-TO	
Filter catch, pg
Front wash catch, pg
Impinger catch, pg
Emission rate, lb/hr
Emission factor, lb/mm Btu
6.42 x 10~4
2.73 x 10""
0.5
0.1
BDL
9.70 x 10"»
4.46 x 10"'
4.78 X 10"4
2.09 x 10"4
0.8
39.0
BDL
6.44 X 10"s
2.96 X 10"5
5.48 X
2.36 X
10"1
10"4
31.1
400.0
3.7
7.03 X 10"
3.23 X 10"
6.57 X 10"2
2.84 X 10"4
34.6
122.0
BDL
2.53 X 10"'
1.16 X 10~4
0.54
2.37 X
1,048.3
490.0
3.1
0.25
1.15
10
X 10"
1.05 x 10"'
4.55 x 10~4
82.9
627.3
BDL
0.11
5.28 X 10"
Run 2-TO
Filter catch, pg
Front wash catch, pg
Inpinger catch, 119
Emission rate, lb/hr
Emission factor, lb/m Btu
0.5
0.3
2.2
4.85 X 10"4
2.18 x 10~s
1.0
5.7
BDL
1.08	X 10"
4.87 x 10"
60.8
127.0
BDL
3.04 X 10"
1.37 x 10"
26.9
84.0
BDL
1.79 X 10"1
8.06 X 10"s
1,232.5
360.0
2.6
0.26
1.16 X 10"3
127.8
119.5
2.0
4.03 X 10"1
1.81 X 10"4
Run 3-TO
Filter catch, pg
Front wash catch, pg
Impinger catch, pg
Emission rate, lb/hr
Emission factor, lb/mm Btu
0.5
BDL
0.1
9.67 x 10"5
3.77 x 10*'
o.e
2.6
BDL
5.48 X 10"4
2.14 x 10"6
53.0
60.0
BDL
1.82 X 10"*
7.11 x 10"s
23.3
93.0
BDL
1.87 X 10~2
7.32 x 10"5
1,120.8
350.0
1.7
0.24
9.26
X 10
116.3
63.6
BDL
2.90 X
1.13 X
Averaqe-TO runs
Emission rate, lb/hr
Emission factor, lb/mm Btu
2.26 x 10
1.00 x 10"
2.69 x 10
1.22 X 10"
3-96 x 10 1
1.77 X 10"4
2.06 x 10
8.99 X 10"
0.25
1.08 X 10"
5.98 x 10"'
2.74 x 10"4
Note: BDL = Below detection limit. Detection Units vary for each element and sample size, and can be found in Appendix D
Analytical Data Sheets.

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TABLE 11. SUMMARY OF ESP FLY ASH ANALYSIS FOR TRACE
METALS, OWENS-ILLINOIS, BIG ISLAND, VIRGINIA,
DECEMBER 12-15, 1979
Run	Trace metal concentration, pg/q

number
Date
Hq
Cd
Pb
Ni
Mn
As
Riverside
ESP (Boiler #5)
1
2
3
12/12/79
12/14/79
12/15/79
0.36
16.0
1.1
1.6
0.95
2.4
148.0
8.0
16.5
30.1
37.6
34.6
2,040.8
1,052.1
2,505.0
1.5
2.3
1.9
Trackside
ESP (Boiler #4)
1
2
3
12/12/79
12/14/79
12/15/79
0.05
0.65
0.8
0.75
0.95
1.4
8.0
<2.5
<2.5
9.5
10.5
8.5
205.0
230.5
115.2
<0.25
1.4
0.45
19

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SECTION 3
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
The Big Island Mill manufactures paper products, and operates
three boilers for process steam, two of which are in operation at
all times. The third boiler is on secondary status. Boiler #3
uses wood bark and sawdust as fuel, is normally on standby, and
has a design capacity of 60,000 lbs steam per hour. The operat-
ing boilers are Boiler #4 (Trackside boiler) which is a Combus-
tion Engineering, Inc. pulverized coal dry bottom boiler with a
design capacity of 140,000 lbs steam per hour and Boiler #5
(Riverside boiler) which is a Foster Wheeler stoker-grate coal or
refuse boiler with a design capacity of 200,000 lbs steam per
hour. The Riverside boiler was historically fired with 80% coal
20% bark, but that ratio has been switched as the plant burns as'
much bark as possible now—up to 100% bark in the Riverside boiler
Each boiler is exhausted to Zurn multicyclone units (type MTSA),
installed in 1970 and 1971, then ducted to a common duct which
leads to a pair of United McGill electrostatic precipitators, as
shown in Figure 1. The twin ESP's contain ten fields, five on
each side, and are designed to handle a flow of 300,000 acfm.
Installed in 1978, the twin ESP's exhaust to a pair of stacks
which terminate 190 ft above ground level.
The plant is located between railroad tracks and the James River
hence the two precipitators are designated the Riverside unit and
Trackside unit, respectively.
The plant operations are best termed as continuous. The schedule
is based on 24 hours a day operation, seven days a week.
20

-------
_~	0.
V
MULTICYCIONES
5
60.0001b STEAM CAPACITY
100% WOOD BARK
STANDBY
140,000 lb STEAM CAPACITY
100* PULVERIZED COAL
TRACKS IOE
ESP
o
STACKS
ESP
o
RIVERSIDE
3

4

5
200,000 lb STEAM CAPACITY
100% WOOD BARK
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of boilers at Owens-Illinois,
Forest Product Division, Big Island, Virginia
21

-------
SECTION 4
LOCATION OF SAMPLING POINTS
As a result of the pretest survey, the sampling program included
the inlets to the multicyclone units of boilers #4 and #5 and the
outlets of the ESP units at the stack platform. Simultaneous
sampling for particulates using EPA Method 5 was performed at the
four locations. The common duct leading to the ESP units branched
and had existing sampling ports but was eliminated from considera-
tion in this program due to the proximity of disturbances.
Sampling ports at the inlet of the cyclone on boiler #4 were
utilized as is. The duct leading to the multicyclones was rec-
tangular and measured 74 in. by 98 in. with five 4 in. capped
ports installed 81 inches above floor level in the 98 in. face.
The direction of flow when facing the ports was upward. The
nearest upstream disturbance was approximately one duct diameter
away and the nearest downstream disturbance was also one duct
diameter away.
Sampling ports for boiler #5 cyclone inlet were installed by a
local contractor prior to the test. This location had seven 4
in. flanged ports unevenly spaced in a 116 in. by 122 in. rec-
tangular duct. Figure 2 illustrates the duct configuration of the
Riverside inlet sampling location. The nearest disturbances were
two duct diameters upstream and one diameter downstream. The
U-shaped ductwork resulted in a gas flow pattern which was not
cyclonic but tended to stay close to the outside edge of the
U-shape.
The twin ESP outlet locations were circular stacks, 84 in. dia-
meter, each with two 4 in. ports at 90° from each other. The top
of the stack was one diameter downstream and the nearest upstream
disturbance was an expansion 2-1/2 diameters away.
22

-------
MULTICYCLONES 130"X 130" 0. D.
YlWJ
20'
2-1/2 DUCTS
SAMPLING PORTS-
—[
FLOOR LEVEL
/

— 130"
Figure 2. Inlet to boiler #5 multicyclones.
23

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SECTION 5
SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
The Owens-Illinois Big Island Mill was sampled for particulate
matter, particle size, opacity, trace metals, S02, NO , inte-
grated gas analysis, flyash for trace metals, and fuel analysis.
The following describes the methods used.
SAMPLING PROCEDURES
Particulate
Sampling for particulates was performed using the method outlined
in the Federal Register, Method 5, "Determination of Particulate
Emissions from Stationary Sources," modified so that the sample
box temperature was 325°F instead of 250°F.
Particle Size
Sampling forparticle size was performed using an Andersen cas-
cade impactor with seven stages and a back-up filter.
The sampling train used consisted of the following equipment
listed in order of the flow: a 10 mm diameter probe tip; a
curved (90°) probe tip to Andersen head connector; standard
Andersen heads; a 4 foot stainless steel probe; a Smith-Greenburg
impinger with water, then one charged with color indicating
silica gel; and an EPA-5 console equipped with a dry gas meter,
digital electronic thermometer and an inclined manometer. Also,
an S-type pitot tube was connected to the probe so the stack
pressure could be continually monitored.
A total of 3 particle sizing runs were made simultaneously at the
Riverside inlet location and both outlet locations. Each run was
conducted for 5 minutes under isokinetic conditions at the River-
side inlet location and from 16 to 30 minutes at the stack outlets.
At the completion of each run, the moisture collected was measured
and the Andersen heads were opened and oven-dried for three
hours. After drying, each stage was weighed, then the filter was
removed and the stage assemblies were cleaned, desiccated and
reweighed to provide partial tare weights. The tare weights of the
filters were taken during the assembly of the heads (after desic-
cation for 24 hours).
24

-------
All weight measurements were made with a Mettler
glance. The balance was calibrated daily and rezeroed
each weight determination. Calculations were performed using the
methods and tables provided in the Andersen manual.
system ^catlon of the back half of the EPA Method 5 sampling
traTaS .emPloye
-------
Figure 3. Train components and sample recovery procedure
employing modified Method 5 equipment.
-------
Nitrogen Oxides
Sampling for NO was performed using the method outlined in the
Federal Reaiste?, Method 7, "Determination of Nitrogen Oxide
Emissions from Stationary Sources."
Integrated Gas Analysis
Exhaust gas analysis was performed using the method outlined in
the Federal Register, Method 3, "Gas Analysis for Carbon Dioxide,
Oxygen, Excess Air, and Dry Molecular Weight."
Fuel
Fuel samples were grabbed in 1 liter nalgene bottles from the
coal bins feeding boiler #4 and the bark screw feeder to
boiler #5 just prior, during and just after each test run.
Ash
Flyash samples from the ESP units were grabbed during each Method 5
run.
ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
Particulate, S02, NOJt, Gas Analysis
All analytical procedures were performed using the methods des-
cribed in EPA Methods 3, 5, 6, and 7, previously mentioned in the
Sampling Procedures section.
Trace Metals
The particulate fractions of the Method 5 samples were analyzed
for trace metals. After final weights were obtained on the
particulate washes and filters, the fractions were digested with
nitric acid and analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).
The impingers containing ammonium persulfate/silver nitrate were
reduced in volume by evaporation, digested with 1:1 HC1:H20 and
analyzed by AAS. Ash samples were also digested with nitric acid
and analyzed by AAS. Mercury analyses were performed using the
cold vapor method where the AA flame is shutoff; arsenic was
analyzed using the hydride generation method to produce an arsine;
all other metals were analyzed by conventional flame AAS.
Fuel
Analysis of the coal and bark feed was performed using ASTM D
3178 for carbon and hydrogen, ASTM D 3176 for oxygen, ASTM D 3179
for nitrogen, ASTM D 3177 for sulfur, and ASTM D 3174 for ash.
Fuel value was determined using ASTM D 2015.
27
-------
Quality Assurance/Quality Control
Results of quality control tests are furnished with the analy-
tical data sheets provided in Appendix D.
28
-------