UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Region II, New York, New York 10278
DATE: March 10, 1989
SUBJECT
Risk Assessment Review
FROM
William Jr. Musaj^iski , P.E.
Acting^Region»i Administrator
Peter Preuss, Director
Office of Technology Transfer and
Regulatory Support
Attached is a copy of the Risk Assessment Review, a
bimonthly publication that is a cooperative effort
between the Office of Research and Development and the
Regional Risk Assessment Network.
The Review serves as a focal point for information
exchange among the EPA risk assessment community on
both technical and policy issues related to risk
assessment. It is currently in its third year of
publication and we are pleased at the positive feedback
we've received on the Review's usefulness to staff
across the Agency.
Thanks to all of you who continue to contribute
articles and are involved with production efforts. If
you have an article to contribute or any suggestions
for further issues, contact one of the Committee
members listed on page 1 of the review.
Attachment

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February 1989
Highlights
•	IRIS Blossoms	 p. 1
•	Communicating About Toxic Substances
to the Public 		 p. 1
•	Review of Ecological Assessment Methods . p. 4
•	E-CATS Delivers Electronic
Course Information 	 	 p. 4
•	Fourth Annual Risk Assessment
Conference Slated for Seattle ........ p. 5
I. Special Features
IRIS Blossoms
by Rick Picardi (FTS 382-7333)
The following sections provide an update on the
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) activities.
New IRIS Coordinator
On Friday, February 17, Rick Picardi left his position as
IRIS Coordinator and became the Industry Liaison in the
Office of Toxic Substances. Linda Tuxen has replaced
Rick as the IRIS Coordinator. Linda was formerly on the
staff of the Risk Assessment Forum, an agency-wide
scientific body responsible for resolving risk assessment
scientific issues and was involved in providing Risk
Assessment Guidelines Training. Linda can be reached
at FTS 382-5949.
Priority on Title III Section 313 Chemicals
The IRIS staff is currently working with the Office of
Toxic Substances to add 30 chemical assessments
(reference doses or carcinogen assessments) for
Community-Right-to-Know chemicals. The 30
assessments are currently being selected by the Office
of Toxic Substances. The Reference Dose and CRAVE
(carcinogen) Work Groups will review the packages for
the selected chemicals, and following verification, the
chemical files will be added to IRIS.
Bioconcentration Factors to be Added to IRIS
Rick Picardi has made an initial agreement with the staff
at the EPA Duluth Lab on a format for an IRIS
bioconcentration factor (BCF) section. BCFs are
available for approximately 90 of the 365 chemicals in
IRIS. The lab has agreed to prepare these sections after
criteria are developed to determine which BCFs merit
inclusion in IRIS. For example, one recommended
criteria is that the study species received a flow-
through exposure which reached equilibrium. Nelson
Thomas, the Duluth Senior Advisor for National
Programs, and Barbara Shedy, the AQUIRE Data
Coordinator, have developed a recommended criteria
which has been distributed for review. Pat Cirone
(Region X), Dave Dolan (Region V), Roy Smith (Region
III) and Jon Rausher (Region VI) have been asked to
review the criteria.
At this time, it is not clear when Duluth will prepare the
BCF sections and when OHEA will add the sections to
the appropriate IRIS chemical files. The Risk
Assessment Review will keep readers apprised of
appropriate schedules.	(See IRIS p. 2)
Risk Assessment Review Committee
Peter Preuss - ORD, FTS 382-7669
Sally Edwards - Region I, FTS 835-3387
Maria Pavlova - Region il, FTS 264-7364
Marian Olsen - Region II, FTS 264-5682
Suzanne Wuerthele - Region VIII, FTS 564-1714
Dana Davoli - Region X, FTS 399-2135
Communicating About Toxic Substances to the
Public
by Maria Pavlova (FTS 264-7364)
Thousands of facilities in the United States are required
to report environmental releases of over 300 toxic
chemicals annually to the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) and to states as of July 1988. Providing
this information to the public will allow for more
informed participation by the public on toxic issues only
if the public has a context for understanding and using
these data.
The Institute for Health Policy Analysis, under a
cooperative agreement with the EPA Office of Toxic
Substances, has conducted an assessment of public
awareness, knowledge, and information needs regarding
the presence of toxic substances in the community to
improve risk communications with the public on this
issue.
This project has included an assessment of the
communications process and provides guidance for
developing the communication strategies necessary for
EPA, and state and local health and environmental
officials and organizations to help the public understand
and use the data on toxic chemicals. It has wider
applicability as well, adding new dimensions about the
public's understanding of environmental risks and the
role of risk communication. The results of this project
will aid those designing the current and future
communication strategies for the public about the risks
of toxic substances.
The project has, to date:
•	identified current awareness, knowledge,
perceptions, concerns, needs, and wants of various
public groups (e.g., affected citizens, environ-
mentalists, community leaders, local government
staff, health and media professionals, educators,
and students) about toxic substances through a
series of focus groups and telephone interviews,
•	reviewed 42 national public polls (1984-1987) to
assess public attitudes related to environmental
pollution,
•	identified, evaluated, and produced a bibliography
of existing educational materials related to risk and
toxic substances,
•	tested messages and materials used to explain the
meaning and implications of toxic emissions (e.g.,
(See Toxic p. 2)
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IRIS (Continued from p.1)
Inhalation Reference Doses
The recently formed Inhalation Reference Dose (RfD)
Work Group has reached a consensus on inhalation
RfDs for paradichlorobenzene and methylene chloride.
The new Work Group has also resolved the remaining
issues surrounding the methodology for deriving
inhalation RfDs. Proposal packages for another 60
inhalation RfDs have been started. Following final
consensus the packages will be added to IRIS. To
ensure consistency between the verification of oral and
inhalation RfDs, there is overlap in the membership of
the Oral and Inhalation RfD Work Groups.
Second Version of IRIS to be Easier to Use
The Office of Health and Environmental Assessment
(OHEA) is considering two vehicles for providing a
second version of IRIS. The data in IRIS will not change
for the second version; the revised version will allow the
user to select particular fields of data, and have
searching, sorting and printing capabilities not currently
available on the E-Mail version. OHEA is currently
considering two versions of IRIS, either a mainframe or
PC system. The contractor, American Management
Systems (AMS), will present a comparison of the two
vehicles to Linda Tuxen and the Cincinnati IRIS staff
over the next few weeks. Regardless of the vehicle
chosen, IRIS will continue to be available on the EPA
electronic mail system (Dialcom).
IRIS on Toxnet
Linda Tuxen will continue to work with the National
Library of Medicine (NLM) to make IRIS available on
TOXNET. TOXNET is a highly regarded network of
chemical-specific databases; the best known is NLM's
own Hazardous Substances Database (HSD6).
The staff from NLM and IRIS have agreed on a
database record structure for the IRIS TOXNET file and
will soon begin to enter the IRIS data onto TOXNET in
the new format. It is anticipated that IRIS will be
available on TOXNET by August or September.
Adding 'List of Lists' to IRIS
There has been a proliferation of lists of chemicals
developed under specific statutes and regulations. The
growing number of lists has caused confusion among
government staff and the regulated community. To
lessen this confusion, the EPA Office of Information
Resources Management (OIRM) has proposed including
a 'list of lists' as an additional menu option in IRIS. If the
'list of lists' proposal is approved, OIRM and the IRIS
staff will have to develop a format for the menu option.
Following agreement, OIRM will gather the 'list' data to
be loaded onto IRIS.
User's Guide
The IRIS User's Guide is currently being reviewed.
Following review and editing, the guide will be sent to
the printers and made available to the IRIS coordinators.
The User's Guide will explain several procedures,
including how to save an IRIS chemical file onto a disk
and procedures for printing out chemical files.
Toxic (Continued from p.1)
public understanding of terms such as emission,
risk, toxicity, dose, exposure, and health effects),
and
•	produced a communication manual for use by
community groups interested in explaining these
issues to the media and the public.
Highlights from these activities are;
General Public Focus Groups
Focus groups held with citizens living near affected
industries revealed that:
•	No one was aware of the Section 313 reporting
requirements. When they were told about the
requirements, they thought that the Section 313
reporting was a good idea but were skeptical that
reporting would be enforced.
•	Participants did not understand that some
emissions are legal and permitted or that not all
levels of exposure are hazardous.
•	They wanted absolute answers (not, "it may cause
cancer"). They did not understand terms such as
"emission," "exposure," and "carcinogen."
•	They were generally fatalistic about exposures and
anything they, as individuals, could do to influence
changes.
•	Although they were concerned about toxic
emissions, they were equally concerned about
other issues such as food additives and sewage.
A report that summarizes all responses from the public
is available, as well as separate reports covering focus
groups with employees, local officials, and industry.
Telephone Interviews
Telephone interviews conducted with community
officials and environmentalists revealed;
•	Some low expectations about the extent of public
response to the Section 313 reporting information
were expressed. Few were surprised that early
response from the public has been minimal. Some
people felt that concern will grow as publicity about
the Section 313 data increases. Others expect that
either general apathy or acceptance will continue
except in communities where toxic substances have
been linked with health problems, visible air or
water pollution, odors, or emergencies involving
injuries in the neighborhood.
•	Few people who are in a position to address public
inquiries have received calls about Title III or the
Section 313 data. The calls received have been
primarily from the media and attorneys. The
general public has been more interested in specific
local pollution problems.
•	People are much more inclined to be angry about
toxic substances than some other things, because
they believe the "government" should stop the
exposure to the pollution over which they [the
public] have no personal control.
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•	Equipping media professionals with better
resources was viewed as a key to promoting more
accurate understanding of the Section 313 data's
significance and to increasing public awareness and
response.
•	Many people were anticipating that the Section 313
data will be overwhelming and unmanageable by
virtue of its volume. People in many different
settings - industry, health departments, emergency
planning offices, environmental organizations - said
that until the Toxic Release Inventory is available,
the data will not be useful.
•	There was widespread concern that the complex,
technical nature of the data leaves "phenomenal"
room for interpretive errors that will either falsely
alarm people or falsely minimize concern. At the
same time, many of those interviewed strongly
emphasized that despite concerns about the
technical data, it is crucial that government and
industry not use those concerns as an excuse to
withhold information and not claim, "It's too difficult
for the public to understand." There also was
concern that the nature of Section 313, and its
requirements for companies to report only annual
release information, will make it useless for
addressing concerns about public health. For
example, publicity about Section 313 will generate
questions that cannot be answered without
information on release conditions.
•	In discussion groups with the public, participants
often said they might contact such people as
police, health departments, or environmental
organizations for information. However, most of
those interviewed in this phase of the project said
that Local Emergency Planning Committees
(LEPCs), which have the Section 313 data, should
be equipped to be - and publicized as - the
primary source for information about Title III and
toxic substances. Many of the people interviewed
also felt that LEPCs are having difficulty managing
responsibilities with limited resources and reliance
on volunteers.
Review of Existing Polling Data
One hundred eighteen questions from forty-two
national probability polls conducted from 1984-1987
were reviewed. Findings include the following:
•	Although more than 80% of respondents said that
environmental pollution was a threat or problem,
only about half said that they worry about it.
Environmental pollution and personal habits were
considered about equally as causes of serious
health problems. However, a strong majority of
respondents felt that the problem of environmental
pollution was increasing and more resources should
be devoted to it.
•	Respondents (83-84%) felt that water pollution
resulting from industrial waste disposal was a more
serious type of pollution than any other specific
type, followed by pollution from acid rain (75-
80%), and the radioactive wastes of nuclear power
plants (79%). Fewer than half of respondents would
rate the area where they work or live as mostly free
from water or air pollution, and almost three-
quarters expect pollution to continue to be a
problem for the next 25-50 years.
•	Although awareness of and concern for
environmental pollution problems appeared to be
substantial, few respondents appeared to view
these problems as directly related to their own
lives.
•	A substantial majority of the public polled said they
favored strict enforcement of existing pollution
control regulations, even if such enforcement would
result in the lay-off of workers. Further, a strong
majority (65%) would oppose any cutback in
environmental regulations or pollution controls; a
similar majority said that there was insufficient
regulation of toxic chemicals.
•	Only 57% believed that government regulations
have reduced pollution. Almost all respondents
(93%) felt that companies should be required to
develop evacuation plans with local officials; 86%
said that companies should be required to fully
disclose all toxic chemicals they produce. In further
support of the regulation of industry, a large
majority (79%) said that they would favor high taxes
imposed on companies which pollute, even if such
a measure resulted in higher prices on products.
This indicates compelling support for regulation of
industry.
•	Although more than three quarters of respondents
said that industry has a definite responsibility for
cleaning up pollution it creates, few (11%) believed
that businesses fulfill this obligation. As a result,
support was strong (85% of respondents) for having
the government enforce clean-up by industry.
•	Slightly more than half of all respondents felt that
industry was not adequately protecting the
community, with a strong majority expressing
concern about the safe manufacture, storage, and
transport of toxic chemicals. A large majority (83%)
further acknowledged that there was a risk involved
with living near a plant that manufactures
chemicals.
•	A strong majority identified chemical wastes as one
of the most serious environmental problems, and
consistently expressed their personal concerns
about this cause of pollution, safe disposal, and
clean-up of hazardous waste sites. Slightly fewer
than half identified this hazard as among their own
greatest risks.
A full report, "Public Knowledge and Attitudes:
Environmental Issues Related to Toxic Chemicals: A
Review of Public Polling Data, 1984-1987," is
available.
Public Education Materials Bibliography
Approximately 60 titles are included in this bibliography,
available from EPA. These materials were evaluated and
selected from approximately 300 documents that were
reviewed for appropriateness, accuracy and currency.
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Communication Manual
Based on the needs assessment findings, a manual to
help community-level groups communicate with the
public about Section 313 data has been prepared.
Review copies are available from EPA.
Full reports covering each aspect of this project are
available from:
Dr. Maria Pavlova
Emergency and Remedial Response Division
Environmental Protection Agency
Region II
26 Federal Plaza, Room 737
New York, NY 10278 FTS 264-7364
II. Headquarters
Review of Ecological Assessment Methods
by Dexter Hinckley (FTS 382-2781)
A report reviewing 20 methods available for assessing
ecological risks or damages has been released by the
Office of Policy Analysis. The methods reviewed have
been developed for three major purposes: setting
priorities, establishing standards, or providing input to
clean-up plans and other risk management decisions.
Most of the methods reviewed were quantitative,
although several were qualitative. The quantitative
methods fell into two categories, those that provide
"yes/no" estimates of risk and those that provide an
exposure-dependent estimate of risk. Most of the
methods addressed risks to populations, rather than
communities and ecosystems. Various approaches,
ranging from professional judgment to statistical
methods, were used to deal with uncertainty. The report
includes several recommendations for further laboratory
and field studies, as well as suggestions for
development of overall guidance on the assessment of
ecological effects (endpoints).
Two copies, one bound and one unbound, will be sent
to each Regional library. The report is also being
distributed through the National Technical Information
System (NTIS). The citation:
Norton, S. et a!., (1988). "Review of Ecological Risk
Assessment Methods", EPA/230-10-88-041, Of-
fice of Policy Analysis, Office of Policy, Planning and
Evaluation, EPA, Washington, D.C. 20460. The NTIS
Number is PB89-134357. The NTIS charge is
$21.95 + $3.00 for delivery.
For further information (not copies of the report), contact
Dex Hinckley, FTS 382-2781.
Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Gets
Monthly Update
by Jacqueline Patterson (FTS 684-7574)
The Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) is now
updated on a regular monthly schedule. Each month,
generally by the 10th of the month, additions, deletions
and corrections will be made on the E-Mail version of
IRIS. This regular schedule will allow users to be aware
of the latest Reference Dose and Carcinogen Risk
Assessment Verification Endeavor (CRAVE) Work
Group activities, particularly for chemicals which are
withdrawn or are under reconsideration. To find out what
chemicals have been changed since the last update,
simply type INFO MORE at the first "Enter a Service
Code" prompt on IRIS. The diskette version of IRIS,
available from NTIS, will continue to be updated on a
quarterly bases.
Reports summarizing the FY'88 activities of the
Reference Dose and CRAVE Work Groups and IRIS are
now available from IRIS User Support. The reports
discuss activities and highlights of FY'88. Please call
IRIS User Support at FTS 684-7254 for copies and
additional information.
Risk Assessment Conference Planned for
March
by Morris Altschuler (FTS 382-7667)
The National Governor's Association (NGA) and EPA's
Office of Research and Development (ORD) are
sponsoring a conference on Risk Assessment in Salt
Lake City, Utah, on March 28-30, 1989, under their
cooperative agreement.
The conference will include presentations by state and
EPA officials. EPA officials will describe EPA Exposure
Assessment Guidelines and other resources available to
the states. In addition, an abbreviated form of the EPA
Risk Exposure Training Course will be offered. ORD
speakers will include Peter Preuss, Director of the ORD
Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory Support,
and Michael Callahan, Chief of ORD's Exposure
Assessment Group.
State officials will describe how and why they conduct
exposure assessments and the problems they
encounter. The five case studies to be presented will
involve different contaminants, media, approaches, and
sites. Available types of data as well as methodology
used will be described.
The location of the meeting is Little America Hotel, 10
minutes from the Salt Lake City airport. The registration
fee is $50. For further information contact Morris
Altschuler at FTS 382-7667.
E-CATS Delivers Electronic Course
Information
by John M. Mulllns (FTS 382-3085)
and Jeuli Bartenstein (FTS 475-6678)
The Office of Human Resources Management, Human
Resources Development Division has developed a new
automated electronic course catalogue system (E-
CATS) to enhance the hard copy EPA Institute Training
Catalogue. E-CATS will improve the delivery of course
information to all EPA employees, selected state and
local governments, academic institutions and
environmental and professional organizations. E-CATS
is a database which is accessible to all users of E-Mail.
The system is in its final testing phase. Regional and
field training officers were briefed and trained on the
system during the first week of February. They are now
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working with program training coordinators from their
respective locations to update all training information.
The system categorizes courses in 21 topic areas
(including Risk, Financial and Contract Management,
Personal and Professional Development, etc.) and 10
career paths (including Inspector, Remedial Project
Manager, Executive, etc.). Topics contain all courses
related to the subject area chosen, while Career Paths
provide a more targeted approach. Course selection can
be made based on location and/or time of course
offering.
Users will be able to scan, search, and read about
course content and applicability. The system also
provides HELP screens and instructions for completing
the SF-182 Request for Training.
We anticipate E-CATS to grow and evolve. New career
paths are now being developed _and more courses are
being added to the current topic areas. The system's
capacity to display course information, update
scheduling and check regional and state availability will
greatly enhance Agency-wide training communication.
E-CATS will be demonstrated throughout the Agency'
during the months of March through June of this year.
Check with your training officer for the date in your area.
The Office of Human Resources Management is very
excited about E-CATS because it puts course
information directly in the hands of the user.
If you have any questions regarding E-CATS, or if your
would like to add information to the database, please
give John Mullins a call at FTS 382-3085.
III.	Around the Regions
Fourth Annual Risk Assessment Conference
Slated for Seattle
As indicated in prior issues of the Risk Assessment
Review, the Fourth Regional Risk Assessment Meeting
is scheduled for May 9 - 12, 1989, in Seattle,
Washington.
In order to assure that EPA staff take advantage of
limited room availability for the meeting, please make
your reservations before April 8, 1989, with the Sheraton
Hotel, Seattle, Washington. The Sheraton Hotel can be
reached at: (206) 621-9000 or (800) 325-3535. The
room costs are $65 single/double.
Preregistration is beginning now, please contact Pat
Cirone for you packet of meeting materials (206) 442-
1597 or (FTS) 399-1597.
IV.	Announcements
Modeling Courses Available from the ORD
Laboratory in Athens, Georgia
Five modeling training courses are scheduled for
presentation by the Center For Exposure Assessment.
Modeling (CEAM) in the summer of 1989 in Athens,
Georgia. The courses will address the MINTEQA2
model, the QUAL2E model, Surface Water Exposure
and Bioaccumulation Model, estuary wasteload
allocation model, and the soon-to-be-completed
RUSTIC model system for unsaturated and saturated
flow and contamination of ground water. All courses will
be held at the Athens Environmental Research
Laboratory facility, Athens, Georgia. Those interested in
registering should contact Joyce Wool by phone (404)
546-3535 or FTS 250-3535, electronic bulletin board
(404) 546-3402 or FTS 250-3402, or mail (US EPA,
College Station Road, Athens, Georgia, 30613).
The Metals Equilibrium Speciation Model training
course is designed for engineers, scientists, and
managers who perform and manage water quality
monitoring activities. MINTEQA2 is a geochemical
model that is capable of calculating equilibrium aqueous
speciation, adsorption, gas phase partitioning, solid
phase saturation states, and precipitation-dissolution of
metals. Included in MINTEQA2 is an extensive
thermodynamic data base that is adequate for solving
many problems without need for additional user-
supplied thermodynamic data. Seven sorption models
are available in MINTEQA2 depending on the quality
and type of metal sorption data available for specific
problems.
The purpose of the training course is to provide
participants with the knowledge and experience to apply
the MINTEQA2 model to a variety of environmental
exposure assessment problems for metals and to
provide an understanding of chemical and mathematical
speciation equilibria in order to eliminate "black box"
interpretations of MINTEQA2 outputs. Experience with
solution chemistry is a strongly suggested prerequisite.
The workshop will be offered August 22-24.
The QUAL2E Modeling training course is designed for
engineers and scientists who perform water quality
modeling. The model can be used to evaluate the
effects on water quality on nutrients, BOD, DO,
coliforms, temperature, and conservative materials. The
model can also be used to evaluate the effects of point
sources of pollution and perform wasteload allocations
for NPDES dischargers. Included throughout the
workshop will be hands-on sessions using the Athens'
Laboratory's computers. Uncertainty analysis using the
integrated sensitivity, first order error analysis, and
Monte Carlo analysis capabilities of QUAL2E-UNCAS
will be emphasized. Additionally, an intensive,
specialized three day hands-on workshop is planned
the following week with the prerequisite of attending the
first week's workshop. The workshop will be offered July
10-14.
The Surface Water Exposure and Bioaccumulation
Modeling training course will cover a variety of
environmental models designed to aid scientists and
engineers in the management of pollution control to
achieve water quality goals. The purpose of the course
is to provide participants with the knowledge and tools
to evaluate problems associated with toxicants in
surface waters. Lectures will address the theory and
principles that control chemical transport,
transformation, and fate and biological impact of
pollutants in surface waters. This course also will
provide experience in actual application and operation
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of models through the hands-on modeling of simple
systems. The following models will be discussed:
-SARAH2
-	WASP4
-	EXAMSII
-	The Food Chain Model
-FGETS
The workshop will be offered July 24-28.
The Estuarine Waste Load Allocation training course is
intended to provide scientists and engineers with the
technical information and policy guidance for the
preparation of Waste Load Allocation that are as
technically sound as current state of the art permits,
while ensuring that quality conditions that protect
designated beneficial uses are achieved. The lectures
will address an overview of water quality problems and
estuarine characteristics, estuarine simulation models
identification and selection, descriptions of the
monitoring and the data collection necessary for model
application, guidance on the model calibration and
validation, and simplified example case studies. The
workshop will be offered Sept. 12-14.
The RUSTIC Exposure and Assessment training course
is designed for engineers and scientists who apply
models used to perform ground-water quality
assessment activities. RUSTIC (Risk of
Unsaturated/Saturated Transport and Transformation for
Chemical Concentrations) is a Modeling system
consisting of three modules (root zone, vadose, and the
saturated zone) that is capable of calculating the
transport and transformation of organics from land
surface to and into groundwater. Included in RUSTIC
are hydrological and chemical processes as well as
extensive meteorologic and soils databases. The model
may be linked using a number of different
configurations depending on complexity of the system
to be modeled.
Lectures will address theoretical considerations of
various hydrological and chemical processes simulated,
organization of the software and documentation, model
limitations, and numerical solution techniques and
boundary conditions. In addition, actual experience in
the applications of RUSTIC will be provided through
hands-on modeling of simple systems. Specific
objectives for the course will be to demonstrate how to
enter the problems into the computer and interpretation
of output. The following prerequisite is strongly
suggested but not mandatory: experience with the
Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM), experience with
batch input sequences with formatted configuration and
experience with computer keyboards. The workshop will
be offered Sept. 18-22.
Living with Radiation: The Risk/Benefit Equation
The Long Island Jewish Medical Center in New York is
planning to hold an International Symposium addressing
the biological and social impact of natural and manmade
radiation. The two-day symposium will be presented at
the Waldorf-Astoria in New York City on March 9 and
10, 1989. The symposium will cover a broad range of
radiation issues including: an overview of radiation risk,
radiation and society, the medical experience at
Chernobyl, and a test of the linear no threshold theory
of radiation induced cancer.
The registration fee for the symposium is $175. A block
of rooms have been reserved at the Waldorf; for hotel
reservations contact the Waldorf at (212) 355-3000.
For further information on the symposium, please
contact the Office of Continuing Education, Long Island
Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, New York
11042. The Office of Continuing Education can also be
reached at (718) 470-8650.
Workshop on Health Risk Assessment of
Chemical Mixtures
The US EPA will sponsor a two-day workshop on the
status of the risk assessment of chemical mixtures. The
Workshop is scheduled for February 23, 1989, at the
Omni Netherland Plaza Hotel in Cincinnati, Ohio, and on
February 24, 1989 at the EPA Conference Center in
Cincinnati, Ohio (Room #107 at 26 West Martin Luther
King Drive). The major topics to be discussed at the
workshop include: The Guidelines, Research and
Development at the Health Effects Research Laboratory
in Cincinnati and RTP, testing for complex mixtures and
presentations by Regional and Headquarters users of
mixture risk assessments. The second day will cover a
discussion of the guidelines revisions and research
needs.
For further information on the workshop, please contact
Kate Schalk, Eastern Research Group, Inc., 6
Whittemore Street,- Arlington, Massachusetts 02174.
Kate can be reached at (617) 648-7809.
Drinking Water Disinfection - Designing for the
New Regulations Course
The Center for Continuing Engineering Education of the
College of Engineering and Applied Science of the
University of Wisconsin in Milwaukee is planning a
two-day training course on Drinking Water
Disinfection - Designing for the New Regulations. The
course is scheduled for March 9 and 10, 1989, in San
Diego, California. The environmental engineering course
will feature:
•	An overview of the impacts of the Safe Drinking
Water Amendments of 1986 in Drinking Water
Disinfection Practices,
•	New disinfection requirements and the anticipated
stringent demands for disinfection by-products,
•	Latest development of disinfection strategies for
water treatment,
•	Planning under the changing regulatory
environment, and
•	Technical workshops on chlorine/chloramines,
ozone and chlorine dioxide.
The registration fee for the course is $550.00. For
further information please contact: Dr. Stephen J. Scott,
Program Director, at (414) 227-3115 or Dr. Wally Ann
Fricke, Program Assistant, at (414) 227-3116.
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Risk and Decision-Making Courses Scheduled
Contacts:
The following is the schedule for the Risk and Decision
Making Courses through May:
Region IX - March 20 - 22
Region VII - March 22 • 23
Region VI - March 22 - 23
Region II - April 4 - 6
Region V - April 11-12
Region VII - April 19-20
Region IV - April 26 - 28
A special four-hour session for clerical staff will be
offered in Region VII on: April 4, 11, 18 and 25.
Contact: Mary Setnicar (FTS 382-2747)
Jerome Puskin
OAR-Rad.
FTS
475-9640
Linda Tuxen
ORD-OHEA
FTS
382-5949
Dorothy Patton
ORD-RAF
FTS
475-6743
Dick Hill
OPTS
FTS
382-2897
Don Barnes
SAB
FTS
382-4126
Dean Hill
NEIC
FTS
776-8138
Marian Olsen
Region II
FTS
264-5682
Roy Smith
Region III
FTS
597-6682
Elmer Akin
Region IV
FTS
257-2234
Milt Clark
Region V
FTS
886-3388
Jill Lyons
Region VI
FTS
255-7208
Bob Fenemore
Region VII
FTS
757-2970
Arnold Den
Region IX
FTS
454-0906
Dana Davoli
Region X
FTS
399-2135
If you would like to receive additional copies of this and
subsequent Reviews or to be added to the mailing list,
contact:
CERI Distribution
26 W. Martin Luther King Drive
Cincinnati, OH 45268
Need Help?
If your office needs help in finding information or
assistance on a specific risk assessment problem,
you can announce that need on the Risk
Assessment/Risk Management Bulletin Board now
available on E-Mail. Your colleagues from other
offices who have information or advice will be able
to contact you with assistance. For assistance in
posting announcements or reading entries on the
Bulletin Board, contact Electronic Mail User's
Support at FTS 382-5639. Your colleagues from
other offices who have information or advice will be
able to contact you with assistance.	
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