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Phase 1: Dry Weather Assessment
Interim Report of Data 1991
Prepared by:
The U.S. EPA Region 1 and the
Massachusetts Division of Water Pollution Control
in cooperation with the
Rhode Island Dept. of Environmental Management
hrews^ury and The University of Rhode Island
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Forward
The Blackstone River is an extremely valuable aquatic resource located in south central New England in
the states of Massachusetts and Rhode Island. The river basin has experienced a long history of pollution
dating back to the industrial revolution. Numerous water quality studies have been conducted over the
years by Massachusetts and Rhode Island for a variety of flow and weather conditions. While much has
been learned from these studies, they were developed independently by Massachusetts and Rhode Island
for their respective river segments. This has constrained the integration and use of the data for a
comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the extent and nature of pollution and contamination within the
watershed.
The Blackstone River Initiative was organized by EPA at the request of the commissioners of the
Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection and Rhode Island Department of Environmental
Management to:
• make informed decisions on the future course of pollution controls and abatements
• address public interest in water quality issues
• address concerns of the Narragansett Bay Project
• assess development of site specific criteria for metals
• assess toxicity based NPDES controls and related issues
• determine dry and wet weather loadings to the river.
This report established a comprehensive data base for dry weather conditions for the entire Blackstone
River and its major tributaries. A second phase of the initiative which is in progress includes wet weather
studies.
David Fierra, Director
Water Management Division
EPA Region I
Arleen O'Donnell
Assistant Commissioner
Massachusetts DEP
Bureau of Resource Protection
Edward S. Szymanski
Associate Director for
Water Quality Management
Rhode Island DEM
-------
Acknowledgements
The principal contributors to this document are Elaine Hartman, and Gerald Szal, Massachusetts
Department of Environmental Protection, Division of Water Pollution Control; Celeste Barr, Jack Paar,
and Peter Nolan, Environmental Services Division, EPA Region I; and David Pincumbe, Water
Management Division, EPA Region I. Peter Nolan was responsible for overall technical coordination for
the Blackstone Initiative, David Pincumbe was responsible for contract management, Elaine
Hartman/Paul Hogan and Diane Switzer were responsible for field logistics for MADEP and EPA
respectively. Gerald Potamis, Water Management Division, EPA Region I served as the chairperson for
the Blackstone Initiative work group. Other participants and contributors to the initiative include: Alan
Cooperman, Massachusetts DEP; Christopher Deacutis, Rhode Island DEM; William Beckwith, EPA
Region I; and Richard Zingarelli, Narrangansett Bay Project. The University of Rhode Island (URI)
Department of Civil Engineering conducted the water quality chemical analysis under cooperative
agreement with EPA. Raymond Wright of URI provided consultation and invaluable technical advice.
The US Geological Survey conducted river flow measurements and provided access to river gauge data.
Deborah Cohen of Management Technologies Inc. (EPA contractor) provided GIS support and produced
all maps.
Catherine Lei, EPA Region I, provided computer assistance for the development of charts and graphs.
The Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory (EPA Newtown, Ohio) provided contract and QA
support for the macroinvertebrate community identifications.
The final production of this report was coordinated by The New England Interstate Water Pollution
Control Commission.
The cooperation of the following industrial and municipal facilities along the river is gratefully
acknowledged: Massachusetts—Douglas POTW, Grafton POTW, Millbury POTW, Northbridge POTW,
Upper Blackstone WPAD, Upton POTW, Uxbridge POTW, City of Worcester CSO facility, Guilford
Industries, New England Plating, and Worcester Finishing and Spinning. Rhode Island—Woonsocket
POTW, GTE, and Okinite.
Upper Blackstone and Woonsocket provided laboratory and storage space during the course of the
initiative.
Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region I and the
Clean Water Act.
ii
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Table of Contents
1991 BLACKSTONE RIVER SURVEY
Phase 1: Dry Weather Assessment
Initiative 1
Executive Summary 4
Chapter 1 1-1
Chapter 2 2-1
Chapter 3 3-1
iii
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BLACKSTONE RIVER INITIATIVE
The Blackstone River is located in south-central Massachusetts and flows from Worcester,
Massachusetts to the Seekonk River in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. The river has a total length of 48 miles,
a drainage area of S40 square miles, and is an important natural, recreational, and cultural resource to both
the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the State of Rhode Island. The Blackstone River is also the
second largest source of fresh water to Narragansett Bay, a productive and diverse estuary important for
fishing, shellfishing, tourism, and recreation. In 1986, the United States Congress established the
Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor along portions of the river in both Massachusetts and
Rhode Island. The Blackstone River has had a long history of pollution problems associated with both
industrial and municipal discharges and is considered a major source of pollutants to Narragansett Bay.
Problems with water withdrawals and the regulation of river flows by the hydropower industry have also
been identified.
In recognition of the importance of the Blackstone River both to the quantity and quality of water in
Narragansett Bay, the Blackstone River Initiative was organized. The major component of this multi-
phased initiative is a basin-wide assessment of the river, selected tributaries, and discharges which is
being conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Region I and the Massachusetts Division
of Water Pollution Control, in cooperation with the Rhode Island Department of Environmental
Management and the University of Rhode Island (URI). The assessment is composed of two phases.
Phase I, conducted during 1991 and the focus of this Interim Dry Weather Report of Data, documents dry
weather conditions in the river and tributaries. Components of the survey include monitoring the
chemistry and toxicity of effluent discharges, river water, and sediments, and evaluating the biological
communities. Phase II will document and evaluate the river, tributaries, and discharges during a total of
three storm events. Two storms were sampled during the fall of 1992. A third storm is scheduled for
sampling during the spring of 1993.
Previous Studies
The Massachusetts portion of the Blackstone River has been extensively studied over the last 30 years by
the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection's Division of Water Pollution Control.
Approximately 30 reports have been produced on the water quality in the river and tributaries, the
wastewater discharge quality, sediment analyses, wasteload allocations for dischargers, biological
analyses, and management plans. Several studies on the Rhode Island portion have also been conducted
by the State of Rhode Island, as recently as 1985 and 1989. These studies include the fate and transport of
metals from the state line to Slater's Mill Pond. In recent years, the Narragansett Bay Project (NBP) has
also funded numerous projects involving the analyses of these and other historical data as well as the
generation of new data relative to the water quality of Narragansett Bay and the tributaries which
contribute to the Bay.
Conclusions from these data indicate that the Blackstone River is a major source of pollutants to Narragansett
Bay. Specifically, the Blackstone has been identified as the largest dry weather source of suspended solids,
cadmium, lead, and nitrogen, and the second largest dry weather source of copper, nickel, and chromium to
Narragansett Bay. Nitrogen driven productivity has been identified as the major component of the dissolved
oxygen depletion in Narragansett Bay. Water quality criteria violations have been documented throughout the
river for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc, and at various locations for dissolved oxygen. Dissolved oxygen
violations could likely be more severe under critical low flow conditions.
1
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Potential water quality problems associated with the operation of hydroelectric facilities and water
withdrawals have been identified. In addition, the resuspension at high flow of contaminated sediments
located in the impoundments behind many of the dams has been identified as a major concern. These
sediments were shown to be heavily laden with metals, organic compounds, arid hydrocarbons. An
evaluation of previous studies by URI resulted in a recommendation to conduct a comprehensive water
quality sampling effort of the entire Blacks tone River since no continuous data set existed for the
Blackstone River from Worcester, MA to the Slaters Mill Dam in Pawtucket, RI. The assessment portion
of the Blackstone River Initiative was organized to address these water quality and sediment concerns.
Blackstone River Assessment Phase I (Dry Weather Study-1991)
Phase I of the Blackstone River assessment is composed of three sections: the water quality of the river,
tributaries and discharges; the toxicity of the water, discharges, and the sediments; and, the composition
and "health" of the macroinvertebrate communities in the basin. This interim data report is the first report
on the project, for the work completed to date. The report is divided into three chapters. Each chapter
details the methods and results of each section listed above.
Six appendices are also available which provide the following information: laboratory data and quality
assurance/quality control: chemistry and toxicity of selected effluents; methods of biological analyses;
taxonomic listing of species collected; and sediment oxygen demand studies.
During the 1991 dry weather survey, water quality samples were collected along the Blackstone River at
15 locations in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, plus six tributaries (Quinsigamond River, Mumford
River, West River, Mill River, Branch River, and Peters River). Effluent data from 12 dischargers,
including the two largest by volume (Upper Blackstone Water Pollution Abatement District and
Woonsocket Wastewater Treatment Plant), were obtained. Both river water and effluent water were
assessed for toxicity and chemical content. Sediment toxicity and sediment pore water toxicity tests were
performed on samples collected from seven locations in ponded areas behind dams on the Blackstone and
Mumford Rivers. The "health" of the biological community was also assessed through analysis of the
benthic macroinvertebrate populations at eight stations on the Blackstone mainstem and in two tributaries.
In addition, sediment oxygen demand studies were conducted at 10 locations on the Blackstone River
from Singing Dam in Sutton, MA to Albion Dam in Cumberland, RI.
Aerial photographs of the entire river were obtained to update information on land uses and wetland and
aquatic resources. Geographical Positioning System (GPS), which uses satellite electronic telemetry, was
used to fix the location of outfalls, dams, and other areas and features of importance. The Geographical
Information System (GIS) was used to develop maps and to determine river mile locations of important
features.
The Blackstone River Assessment Phase I-Dry Weather Study provides for the first time, an intensive
interstate sampling and analytical program for the entire Blackstone River. It includes the first
comprehensive toxicological analyses of ambient waters, effluents, and sediments, as well as the first
analysis of the "health" of the benthic biological community for the length of the river.
2
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Blackstone River Assessment Phase II (Wet Weather Study-1992 to 1993)
Phase II of the Blackstone River study consists of a comprehensive monitoring program for the entire
river under wet weather conditions. The program includes monitoring approximately 20 stations for 3
separate storm events. Two storm events were completed in the fall of 1992 and the third is scheduled for
the spring of 1993. For each storm, monitoring is conducted prior to the storm, during the storm, and after
the storm until the river returns to pre-stonm conditions.
These data, coupled with stream flow data, will enable the calculation of mass loadings for each storm for
conventional and toxic pollutants and will enable an estimate of dry weather versus wet weather loadings.
The major point sources (including CSO facilities) are monitored during each storm event to further
divide the wet weather component into point sources and non-point sources. An attempt will also be made
to determine that portion of the wet weather non-point source pollutant load component that is the result
of resuspension of river sediments and that portion that is the result of new runoff.
The individual storm event data will be used to identify areas of concern relative to pollutant loadings
from wet weather runoff. This information along with available information on land uses will enable the
regulatory agencies to target the implementation of Best Management Practices and other abatement
actions to reduce loadings to the river during wet weather.
Annual wet weather pollutant loadings for individual reaches of the river will be estimated based on the
individual stoim event data by using historical rainfall data. As in the individual storm events, the wet
weather component of the total annual pollutant loads will be further separated into point sources and
non-point sources depending on the availability of long term information from the major point sources.
Also, as in the individual storm event data, an attempt will be made to determine that portion of the
annual wet weather pollutant loads that is the result of resuspension of river sediments and that portion
that is the result of new runoff. Projections of annual wet weather pollutant loadings of metals and
nitrogen are of particular concern relative to the restoration of the Blackstone River, and to Narragansett
Bay.
Summary
The data from the dry and wet weather studies will provide the baisis for a comprehensive evaluation of
all the important water quality measures as well as some cause and effect relationships relative to point
source and non-point source discharges. The dry-weather data will be used to develop mathematical
models of the dissolved oxygen dynamics and the fate of metals in the Blackstone River. The models will
be able to predict water quality under critical conditions, i.e., low receiving water flow and maximum
permitted pollutant loads. The completed models can then be used to develop wasteload allocations for
regulating the discharges to the Blackstone River to ensure that water quality standards for the river are
met under critical conditions. The models will also be able to predict annual dry weather loadings of
pollutants to Narragansett Bay. Of particular concern relative to Narragansett Bay is the pollutant loadings
of metals and nitrogen. Data from the wet weather portion of the project will be used to estimate annual
wet weather loads to the Blackstone River and Narragansett Bay to provide a comparison of wet versus
dry weather loading. The information will also be used to prioritize restoration measures for the
Blackstone River and Narragansett Bay, and to assist in targeting Best Management Practices for selected
areas.
3
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Executive Summary
1991 BLACKSTONE RIVER SURVEY
DRY WEATHER STUDY INTERIM DATA REPORT
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Executive Summary
List of Tables and Figures
Tables Subject Page
1 Significant Dam Locations 6
2 Water Quality Sampling Locations 9
3 Sediment Sampling Locations 11
4 Benthic Macroinvertebrate Sampling Locations 13
5 NPDES Dischargers 14-15
6 Significant NPDES Dischargers 16
Figures Subject Page
1 Blackstone River Area of Study 5
2 ...Significant Dams 7
3 Major Dams, Water Quality Stations,
and Significant NPDES Dischargers 10
4 Biology and Sediment Sampling Locations,
Significant NPDES Discharges, and Dams 12
5 NPDES Dischargers 17
6 Significant NPDES Dischargers 18
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1991 BLACKSTONE RIVER SURVEY
Executive Summary
This interim data report details the results of the first phase of a two phase project and is a comprehensive
basin-wide assessment of the Blackstone River and selected tributaries during dry weather conditions. In
recognition of the importance of the Blackstone River both to the quantity and quality of water in
NarTagansett Bay, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Region I and the Massachusetts Division of
Water Pollution Control, in cooperation with the Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management
and the University of Rhode Island, have initiated a multi-year, interagency, and interstate project to assess
the Blackstone River and selected tributaries. The dry weather portion of the project was conducted during
1991. The second phase, to be conducted during 1992-1993, encompasses a storm water evaluation of the
basin. Subsequent reports will detail the results of Phase II as well as an integrated analyses and assessment
of the overall conditions in the Blackstone River basin. The information generated will be used to issue
peimits, identify present and potential problem areas, and recommend solutions.
Basin Information:
The Blackstone River flows from the city of Worcester, Massachusetts to the tidal waters of the Seekonk
River in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. The total length of the river is approximately 48 miles with a drainage
area of about 540 square miles. Roughly 70% of the drainage area is located in Massachusetts, the
remaining 30% is located in Rhode Island (Figure 1). The river is an important natural, recreational, and
cultural resource to both the State of Rhode Island and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. In 1986, the
United States Congress established the Blackstone River Valley National Heritage Corridor along portions
of the river in both Massachusetts and Rhode Island. The Blackstone River is the second largest source of
fresh water to Narragansett Bay, a productive and diverse estuary important for fishing, shellfishing,
tourism, and recreation.
The river begins in the city of Worcester at the confluence of the Middle River and Mill Brook. Mill
Brook originates at Salisbury Pond in Worcester and flows through an underground conduit until
converging with the Middle River. The Blackstone flows through numerous impoundments of various
sizes along the 48-mile length of the river. Fourteen significant dams are present on the mainstem (Table 1
and Figure 2) and several of these dams are used for hydropower generation. Six major tributaries to the
Blackstone contribute approximately 33% of the total flow in the river during low flow, and 60% of the
total flow during higher flow conditions. These tributaries include the Quinsigamond River, Mumford
River, West River, Branch River, Mill River, and Peters River. Of these, the Mumford River and the
Branch River contribute the majority of the total tributary flows to the main stem during low flow (9%
and 15% respectively).
The Blackstone has a long history of pollution. First, textiles, later on, steel and wire and the metal
finishing industry used the river for power and manufacturing and to dischaige their waste. Since the
early 1970's to the present, with the implementation of the federal permitting program, many dischargers
have greatly improved their waste treatment technology and the river has shown substantial improvement.
However, a number of problems do remain. The goals for the Massachusetts and Rhode Island portions of
the river are to support a healthy and diverse aquatic community, to provide suitable wildlife habitat, and
to provide primary and secondary contact recreation opportunities.
4
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BLACKSTONE RIVER INITIATIVE
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Table 1
Blackstone River Survey 1991
SIGNIFICANT DAM LOCATIONS
MAP
NO.
NAME
TOWN
KM
MI
1
Singing Dam
Sutton
64.2
39.8
2
Fisherville Dam
Grafton
58.8
36.5
3
Farnumsville Dam
Grafton
57.4
35.6
4
Riverdale Dam
Northbridge
51.5
31.9
5
Rice City Pond Dam
Uxbridge
44.9
27.8
6
Uxbridge Dam (Mumford River)
Uxbridge
41.2:1.0
25.5:0.6
7
Tupperware Dam
Blackstone
28.8
17.8
8
Thundermist Dam
Woonsocket
23.0
14.3
9
Manville Dam
Cumberland
15.9
9.9
10
Albion Dam
Cumberland
13.3
8.2
11
Ashton Dam
Cumberland
11.0
6.8
12
Central Falls Dam
Cumberland
3.2
2.0
13
Pawtucket Dam
Pawtucket
1.3
0.8
14
Slaters Mill Dam
Pawtucket
0.0
0.0
6
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Figure 2
Blackstone River Survey 1991
Shrew;
Worcester
Auburn
Sutton
North
Mendon
Uxbridge j
Douglas
Blacksti
Woons6cket
\ !3umberlan4
X _ 1
ifield
7
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Phase I-Dry Weather Study: Objectives and Overview
The objectives of the Phase I-Dry Weather Project are to document dry weather conditions in the river and
tributaries. Components of the survey include monitoring the chemistry and toxicity of effluent discharges,
river water, and sediments, and evaluating the biological communities. The data from these surveys can be
divided into those collected during the low flow months of July and August and those collected during the
higher flow month of October. This report is divided into three chapters that detail sampling and results.
These chapters are: ambient water quality and wastewater discharge data; toxicity of river water,
discharges, and sediments; and the composition and health of the macroinvertebrate community.
During the 1991 dry weather survey, water quality samples were collected along the Blackstone River at
IS locations in Massachusetts and Rhode Island (Table 2 and Figure 3), plus six tributaries
(Quinsigamond River, Mumford River, West River, Mill River, Branch River, and Peters River). Effluent
data from 12 dischargers, including the two largest by rate of flow (Upper Blackstone Water Pollution
Abatement District and Woonsocket Wastewater Treatment Plant) were obtained. Both river water and
effluent water were assessed for toxicity and chemical content. Sediment toxicity and sediment pore water
toxicity tests were performed on samples collected from seven locations in ponded areas behind dams on
the Blackstone and Mumford Rivers (Table 3 and Figure 4). The health of the biological community was
also assessed through the benthic macroinvertebrate populations at eight stations in the Blackstone
mainstem and in two tributaries (Table 4 and Figure 4). Sediment oxygen demand studies were also
conducted at 10 locations on the mainstem.
Aerial photographs for the entire river were obtained to update information on land uses and wetland and
aquatic resources. Geographical Positioning System (GPS), which uses satellite electronic telemetry, was
used to fix the location of outfalls, dams and other areas and features of importance. The Geographical
Information System (GIS) was used to develop maps for the report and to determine river mile locations
of various points of interest.
There are 37 permitted discharges to the Blackstone River and major tributaries. Twenty-one of these are
in Massachusetts and J 6 are in Rhode Island. Out of the 37 dischargers, is were identified for further
consideration and review as part of the study (Figures 5 and 6 and Tables 5 and 6). Out of these
dischargers, 12 were chosen for conducting whole effluent toxicity analyses with associated chemical
analyses. Some whole effluent toxicity data was already available for most of the 6 discharges not
selected. The Upper Blackstone Water Pollution Abatement District (UBWPAD) and the Woonsocket
Wastewater Treatment Plant are the only two facilities for which comprehensive sampling was conducted
during the study. The locations of the significant discharges relative to the various sampling stations are
indicated in Figures 3 and 4.
Chapter 1 - Ambient Water Quality and Wastewater Discharge Data
Dissolved oxygen concentrations and percent saturation values met water quality standards at all
mainstem (surface water) stations under low flow conditions with one exception (Station BLK 01 at
Millbury St. during August at 4.9 mg/1). However, a number of values very near the quality standard of 5
mg/1 for Class B waters were measured at several stations due to diurnal variations resulting from
photosynthetic activity, especially in the impoundments. Rice City Pond had a low value of 5.6 mg/I
during the night and a high value of 10.3 mg/1 during the day in August. The highest value (12 mg/1) was
seen at Riverdale St. Values above 10 mg/1 were also recorded at McCracken Rd., Singing Dam, and the
Fisherville Impoundment. For the tributaries, only the Mumford River showed early morning values in
August below the 5 mg/1 standard (4.4 mg/1 and 4.7 mg/1). The Peters River showed dissolved oxygen
8
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vO
WATER QUALITY STATION LOCATIONS
STATION
DESCRIPTION
TOWN
KM
MI
BLKI
Millbury St.
Worcester
73.7
45.7
BLK2
McCraken Rd.
Millbury
70.7
43.9
BLK3
River I in St.
Millbury
66.6
41.3
BLK4
Blackstone St. (Singing Dam)
Sutton
64.2
39.8
BLK5:QR
Millbury St.
Grafton
59.2:3.4
36.7:2.1
BLK6
Route 122 A
Grafton (Fisherville)
58.6
36.3
BLK7
Riverdale St.
Northbridge (Riverdale)
51.5
31.9
BLK8
Hartford St. (Rice City Pond)
Uxbridgg
44.9
27.8
BLK9.MR
Mendon St. (Rt. 16)
Uxbridge
41.2:1.0
25.5:0.6
BLK10:WR
Hecla St. (Off Rt. 16)
Uxbridge (Centerville)
39.1:1.0
24.2:0.6
BLKI1
Route 122 Bridge
Uxbridge
37.4
23.2
BLK12
Route 122 (First RR bridge south
of Millville Center)
Millville
30.8
19.1
BLK13
Bridge St.
Blackstone
26.7
16.6
BLKI4.BR
Route 146 A
Forestdale
28.01:1.3
17.4:0.8
BLKI5:MI
Privilege St.
Woonsocket
21.4:1.2
13.3:0.7
BLK16:PR
Route 114 (Diamond Hill Rd.)
Woonsocket
21.2:1.8
13.1:1.1
BLK17
Route 122 (upstream POTW)
Woonsocket
20.6
12.8
BLKI 8
Manville Hill Rd. (Main St.)
Cumberland
15.9
9.9
BLKI9
School St./Albion Rd.
Cumberland (Albion)
13.1
8.1
BLK20
Whipple Bridge, Lonsdale Ave./Mendon Rd.
Cumberland (Lonsdale)
5.9
3.7
DLK2I
Exchange St. (Old Slater Mill)
Pawtucket
0.3
0.2
bo
S"
5-
S
a
2* O"
3>
¦3
Km
V©
NO
-------
Figure 3
Blackstone River Survey 1991
Shrew:
AubUrn/Millb$
Sutton
North
Mendon
Uxbri
Douglas
BlackstJb n
1 ^tumberlan4
\ e 1
10
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SEDIMENT SAMPLING STATION LOCATIONS
STATION
DESCRIPTION
TOWN
KM
MI
SED1
Upstream Singing Dam
Sutton
63.9
39.6
SED2
Upstream Fisherville Dam
Grafton
59.1
36.6
SED3
Sutton Street (formerly Rockdale Pond)
Northbridge
54.2
33.6
SED4
Rice City Pond
Uxbridge
44.5
27.6
SED5
Upstream Blackstone Dam (Tupperware Dam)
Blackstone
28.9
17.9
SED6
Upstream Dam at Manville Hill Road
Manville
16.1
9.9
SED7
Upstream Slater Mill Dam
Pawtucket.RI
0.1
0.1
MSED1:
MR
Mumford River (Gilboa Pond)
East Douglas
41.2:13.7
25.5:8.5
MSED2:
MR
Mumford River (Grays Pond) off Manchaug
Street
East Douglas
41.2:18.3
25.5:11.3
Co
S"
r»
2T
S1
a
Ps
-*
on
S
s»
Cj-
f?*
u>
3
-------
Figure 4
Blackstone River Survey 1991
Shrew;
I Auburn /MUlbfefiftj
Sutton
North
Mendon
Uxbrid,
Douglas
Blacks
!umberlanc
hfield
12
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Table 4
Blackstone River Survey 1991
BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE SAMPLING STATION LOCATIONS
STATION
DESCRIPTION
TOWN
KM
MI
BIOl
Blackstone River in a riffle/run area located
approximately 160 yards upstream of
McCracken Road Bridge.
Millbury
71.0
44.0
BI02
Blackstone River in a riffle/run area located
approximately 70 yards downstream from
Singing Dam.
Sutton
64.1
39.7
BI03
Blackstone River in a deep riffle area located
behind the Coz Chemical Company, upstream
from the Sutton Street Bridge.
Northbridge
54.2
33.6
BI04
Blackstone River in a run/pool/riffle area lo-
cated behind an island downstream from the
outlet of Rice City Pond, Hartford Avenue.
Uxbridge
44.2
27.4
BI05
Mumford River in a riffle/run area located
approximately 5 yards downstream from an
unnamed bridge off of Manchaug Street at the
outlet of Grays Pond.
East Douglas
41.2:18.0
25.5:11.1
BI06
Blackstone River in a run/riffle area located
approximately 90 yards upstream of Central
Street Bridge.
Millville
31.9
19.8
BI07
Mill River in a riffle/run/riffle area located
approximately 70 yards upstream of Summer
Street Bridge.
Blackstone
21.4:4.8
13.3:3.0
BI08
Blackstone River in a riffle area located
approximately 40 yards downstream from the
Bridge Street Dam on First Avenue.
Blackstone
26.6
16.5
BI09
Blackstone River in a run/riffle area located
approximately 180 yards downstream from the
Manville Hill Road Bridge.
Lincoln, RI
15.8
9.8
BIO 10
Blackstone River in a run/riffle area located
approximately 40 yards downstream from the
Slater Mill Dam.
Pawtucket, RI
0.0
0.0
13
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PERMITTED DISCHARGERS TO BLACKSTONE RIVER WATERSHED
FACILITY NAME
PERMIT
NUMBER
RECEIVING HATER
NORTON COMPANY
MA0000817
WEASEL BROOK
NEW ENGLAND PLATING
MA0005088
MILL BROOK
WYMAN GORDON - WORCESTER
MA001112
BLACKSTONE R.
MCCAULEY NAZARETH HOME
MA0025585
KETTLE BROOK
WORCESTER SPINNING & FINISHING
MA0004171
KETTLE BROOK
SIGNAL RESCO (WHEELABRATOR)
MILLBURY
MA0029271
BROAD MEADOW BROOK
UPPER BLACKSTONE
MA0102369
BLACKSTONE R.
MILLBURY
MA0100650
BLACKSTONE R.
LEWOTT CHEMICALS
MA0028592
BLACKSTONE R.
WYMAN GORDON - N.GRAFTON
MA0004341
QUINSIGAMOND R.
WYMAN GORDON - MILLBURY
MA0001121
BONNY BROOK
GRAFTON
MA0101311
BLACKSTONE R.
COZ INDUSTRIES
MA0032549
BLACKSTONE R.
NORTHBRIDGE
MA0100722
BLACKSTONE R.
DOUGLAS
MA0101095
MUMFORD R.
GUILFORD INDUSTRIES
MA0001538
MUMFORD R.
UPTON
MA0100196
WEST R.
UXBRIDGE
MA01024 4 0
BLACKSTONE R.
ZAMBARANO MEMORIAL HOSPITAL
RI0000129
CLEAR R.
BURRILLVILLE
RI01004 55
CLEAR R.
to
S"
C4
2T
S"
a
^'1
on
R
<3
^O
-------
FACILITY NAME
PERMIT
NUMBER
RECEIVING WATER
TUREX, INC.
RI0000116
BRANCH R.
GLAS-KRAFT, INC.
RI0000906
BRANCH R.
PHILLIPS COMPONENTS
RI0000019
BRANCH R.
LIQUID CARBONIC CORP.
RI0021415
BRANCH R.
TUPPERWARE
RI0000566
BRANCH R.
BLACKSTONE-SMITHFIELD
RI0000485
BLACKSTONE R.
HOPEDALE
MA0102202
MILL R.
ACS INDUSTRIES
RI0021393
BLACKSTONE R.
WOONSOCKET WWTP
RI0100111
BLACKSTONE R.
WOONSOCKET WTP
RI0001627
BLACKSTONE R.
A.T. CROSS CO.
RI0000124
CROOK FALL BROOK
PACIFIC ANCHOR
RI00204 51
BLACKSTONE R.
OKONITE
RI0020141
BLACKSTONE R.
PAWTUCKET WTP
RI0001589
ABBOTT RUN BROOK
ATTCUM PROPERTIES
MA0022381
BLACKSTONE R.
GTE PRODUCTS
RI0001180
BLACKSTONE R.
CUMBERLAND ENGINEERING
MA0000311
BLACKSTONE R.
ft
<">
2T
a
So
^
-------
0\
SIGNIFICANT NPDES DISCHARGES
MAP
NO.
NAME
NPDES
PERMIT NO.
RECEIVING
WATER
TOWN
KM
MI
1
Worcester Spinning &
Finishing
MA0004171
Kettle Brook
Leicester
77.9:17.1
48.9:10.6
2
New England Plating
MA0005088
Blackstone R.
Worcester
3
Wyman Gordon
MA0001112
Blackstone R.
Worcester
4
UBWPAD
MA0102369
Blackstone R.
Millbury
71.4
44.4
5
Millbury WWTP
MA0100650
Blackstone R.
Millbury
65.5
40.7
6
Wyman Gordon
MA0004341
Quinsigamond R.
Grafton
59.2:10.3
36.7:6.4
7
Grafton WWTP
MA0101311
Blackstone R.
Grafton
57.0
35.4
8
COZ Chemical
MA0032549
Blackstone R.
Northbridge
53.9
33.5
9
Northbridge WWTP
MA0100722
Blackstone R.
Northbridge
47.0
29.2
10
Douglas WWTP
MA0101095
Mumford R.
Douglas
41.2:14.6
25.5:9.1
11
Guilford Industries
MA0001538
Mumford R.
Douglas
41.2:13.2
25.5:8.2
12
Upton WWTP
MA0100196
West R.
Upton
39.1:14.9
24.2:9.3
13
Uxbridge WWTP
MA010244 0
Blackstone R.
Uxbr idge
35.14
21.84
14
Burrivilie WWTP
RI0100455
Clear River
Burrilville
17.8
11.1
15
Hopedale WWTP
MA0102202
Mill R.
Hopedale
21.4:16.8
13.3:10.4
16
Woonsocket WWTP
RI0100111
Blackstone R.
Woonsocket
20.14
12.52
17
Okonite Industries
RI0020141
Blackstone R.
Ashton
9.43
5.86
18
GTE
RI0001180
Blackstone R.
Central Falls
2.78
1.73
bo
a*
PS
zr
&
a
rs
on
R
3
55-
%
*o
-------
Figure 5
Blackstone River Survey 1991
1 litHSMI J *1
Worcester ^Shrew:
AM 2S iIS
v
l Auburn /
/ Millbur^;
Sutton
North
Mendon
Uxbridge C
Douglas
Blacksti
¦ T —iTVfiiTii]
Wocjis6cket
^ I£umberlan4
I X
ifield
11 11111 4 11
17
-------
Figure 6
Blackstone River Survey 1991
^ Auburn /
j Upton
/ Millbufv.
Sutton
North
Mendon
Uxbridge [
IN Douglas
Blackstb i
Woons6cket J.
,, i £umberlan4
;ld < \ i
18
-------
violations with two values of 4.9 mg/1 concentrations in July during the daytime. All values in October
were above 7 mg/1 in the mainstem and in the tributaries because of higher flows and cooler temperatures.
Of note is the fact that dissolved oxygen sags which might have occurred in impoundments below the
UBWPAD and the Woonsocket WWTP discharges would have been missed because of access restrictions
on sampling locations. Sampling stations in the vicinity of these impoundments were located immediately
downstream of dams where any drops in dissolved oxygen, would have recovered because of reaeration
over the dam. Mathematical modeling will be used to predict dissolved oxygen levels in the
impoundments below the two major dischargers.
Large diurnal swings in pH outside of the water quality standards range were recorded at a number of
stations with the largest ranges in the impoundments. Violations of pH are likely related to the excessive
high levels of primary productivity as indicated by high chlorophyll a concentrations which are the result
of elevated levels of phosphorus instream.
The data indicated that the river has marginal bacterial contamination at a number of locations along the
mainstem, but is not grossly polluted. Also of note, was that the impact from the chlorinated effluent of
the UBWPAD was seen in the water column downstream from the plant discharge at which point the
bacterial levels were reduced to zero. High levels of fecal coliform bacteria (above the water quality
standard of 400 organisms per 100 ml maximum for Massachusetts and 500 organisms per 100 ml
maximum for Rhode Island) were seen at several locations along the mainstem and in one tributary. These
stations included Millbury St. with the highest levels (1800-3500 colonies per 100 ml), Riverlin St. (20-
1060 colonies per 100 ml), Singing Dam (300-2300 colonies per 100 ml), Fisherville Impoundment (120-
900 colonies per 100 ml) and Slaters Mill Dam (140-560 colonies per 100 ml). Levels above the water
quality standards of 200 colonies per 100 ml for geometric means were recorded at Millbury St., Riverlin
St., Singing Dam, Fisherville, Hamlet Ave. in Woonsocket, and Lonsdale Ave. in Pawtucket. For the
tributaries, only the Branch River (160-460 colonies per 100 ml) and Peters River (260-1060 colonies per
100 ml) exceeded both the maximum and the geometric mean standards.
Metals data from water chemistry sampling indicated that some metals exceeded water quality criteria at
some locations. When compared to an upstream station at the low flow conditions of July and August a
large increase was seen in the concentration and loading of metals (cadmium, copper, chromium, and
nickel) below the Upper Blackstone Water Pollution Abatement District. Downstream of Rice City Pond,
and to a lesser extent at stations below the Woonsocket treatment plant, there were also increases in
metals loading. In general, the metals levels decreased substantially downstream of the UBWPAD, as the
Blackstone River slowed through a series of impoundments. The process was reversed as the water
flowed through Rice City Pond at which point the metals levels again peaked at the outlet, possibly
indicating reintroduction of metals from river sediments. The metals levels continued to decrease to the
Rhode Island border at which point the ambient water concentrations were again in the same range as
amounts found in the river above the UBWPAD during low flow periods. Lead levels followed a different
trend. Increased levels were seen in the Fisherville area and just above the state line. The metals levels
tested during the higher flow conditions in October showed different trends. The quantity of metals in the
river water were significantly higher than the low flow periods reflecting increased input, resuspension,
and transport downstream.
Available nitrogen (ammonia and nitrate/nitrite) concentrations in the river increased substantially
downstream of the Woonsocket Treatment Plant, from approximately 0.1 mg/1 to 0.8 mg/1 for ammonia
and from 1 mg/1 to over 2 mg/1 for nitrate in August. Ammonia levels increased only slightly below the
UBWPAD, while nitrate levels increased substantially, from about 0.7 mg/1 to between 3 and 4 mg/1. The
difference between the two facilities in terms of the form of nitrogen which is discharged reflect the type
19
-------
of treatment. The UBWPAD converts the ammonia to nitrate prior to discharge. Ammonia can result in
instream toxicity to aquatic organisms and contributes to the depletion of dissolved oxygen in the river.
Both ammonia and nitrate contribute to eutrophication in Narragansett Bay which has been identified as a
major component of the dissolved oxygen sag in the upper Bay. Both facilities contribute large amounts
of nitrogen to the river and subsequently to Narragansett Bay. The UBWPAD has a stringent discharge
limit for ammonia and is in compliance with this limit; but no limit for nitrate is in the permit. The
Woonsocket permit contains no discharge limit for ammonia or nitrate. Both facilities also discharge high
levels of phosphorus to the river. Neither facility has a discharge limit for phosphorus.
The two largest dischargers to the river were each discharging considerably less than permitted flow
levels during the surveys. During the two low flow surveys the oxygen demanding load discharged from
Woonsocket was less than 1/2 of the permitted load while the oxygen demanding load discharged from
UBWPAD was less than 1/6 of the permitted load.
Although on a concentration basis for metals there is no appreciable difference between the two
discharges, except for nickel, the UBWPAD discharges substantially higher metal loads. In the
Woonsocket effluent, nickel increases greatly between the pre-chlorination and post-chlorination samples.
The UBWPAD provides advanced treatment. The Woonsocket treatment plant provides standard secondary
treatment prior to discharge. UBWPAD is producing a high quality effluent in terms of conventional
pollutants but the discharge flow is large and the stream flow to which the plant discharges is very low.
Although the river flow was low during two of the three surveys, the study does not reflect critical
conditions, i.e. maximum permitted pollutant loads and critical river flow and temperature. Mathematical
modeling will be used to predict pollutant concentrations in the river during critical conditions.
Chapter 2 -Toxicity Testing
Effluent toxicity for the 12 discharges to the Blackstone Basin that were tested ranged from extremely
toxic to essentially non-toxic depending on the source and type of discharge.
The surface water toxicity testing conducted during the 1991 survey on two freshwater species (one fish
and one cladoceran) showed minimal toxicity in the water column based upon survival of the test fish at
all stations. However fish growth was reduced in four out of 60 test samples (20 stations tested 3 times
each). These included Fisherville-MA, Cumberland-RI (twice), and Pawtucket-RI. The results of the
freshwater cladoceran tests indicated two occurrences (Mendon St. in Uxbridge and Rte. 122 in Uxbridge)
of reduced survival and reproduction out of 60 test samples.
The sediment toxicity tests indicated that the Blackstone River sediments in many areas are very toxic.
The whole sediment toxicity tests used two benthic organisms, midgefly larvae and amphipods. Both
organisms showed significant impacts due to exposure to river sediments, depending on location and
sample date. The amphipods overall were more sensitive than the midge larvae. Acute toxicity testing on
sediment pore water produced significant mortality on minnows and daphnids at four locations; Singing
Dam, Fisherville Pond, Rockdale Pond at Sutton St., and Tupperware Dam in Blackstone.
Chapter 3 - Macroinvertebrates
The macroinvertebrate taxa lists and the metrics derived from them all suggested the same general trend;
the invertebrate community sampled at the most upstream station (located about one half mile
20
-------
downstream of the UBWPAD and downstream of the city of Worcester) was fairly degraded. The quality
of the invertebrate assemblage improved dramatically between the first and second station (located about
four miles downstream in Sutton). Between the second station and fourth station (located in Uxbridge) the
community assemblages do not change as substantially, but do exhibit minor improvements. Between the
BI04 station and BI06 station (in Millville), invertebrate community assemblages exhibit extensive
improvements compared to upstream stations. Between BI06 and BI08 (located near the state line) the
improvements are even more substantial. Across the state line and downstream of the city of Woonsocket,
RI, the quality of the community assemblage degenerates. Metric values from samples collected from
BI09 (located in Lincoln, RI) all indicate a negative change in the quality of the benthic community as
compared to those for BI08; these regress even further at the second Rhode Island station, BI010
Gocated in Pawtucket, RI). However, data on macroinvertebrate populations collected in 1991, compared
with data collected in 198S, showed improvements at most stations. It should be noted that, due to the
lack of an appropriate clean water reference station a detailed evaluation is limited to a comparison of the
river stations to one another and not to a reference station with a healthy macroinvertebrate community.
Summary
In general, the study has shown so far that the sediments and the two treatment plants are major sources of
pollutants contributing to levels above water quality standards, with significant transport of these
materials downstream when the flows in the river increase. Ambient toxicity testing did not show the
impact one would predict based on water quality criteria. Only 5% of the total ambient chronic tests
performed showed potential for water column toxicity. Sediments on the other hand demonstrated greater
potential toxicity. Effluent toxicity for the major dischargers to the Blackstone Basin ranged from
extremely toxic to essentially non-toxic depending on the source and type of discharge.
The dry weather phase of the Blackstone River assessment provides, for the first time, an intensive
interstate sampling and analytical program on the entire river. This up to date and comprehensive analysis
of the extent and nature of water quality problems in the Blackstone River was deemed necessary so that
environmental regulatory agencies could make informed decisions on the course of cleanup and required
pollution controls. This program included the first comprehensive, toxicological analyses of ambient
waters, effluent, and sediments for the Massachusetts and Rhode Island segments. Also included is the
first analysis of the health of the benthic biological community for the length of the river. This data set
will be used to conduct mathematical modelling for waste load allocations for metals, dissolved oxygen,
and phosphorous as well as for modeling of nitrogen loads to Narragansett Bay. The data set will also be
used for evaluating the appropriateness of water quality criteria.
The data will be combined with the information collected under the Phase II-Wet Weather Study to
provide information both on the sources of pollution during both low flow conditions and wet weather
and the ranking of the importance of these sources on a watershed-wide basis to assist in future permitting
and abatement efforts.
A detailed discussion of the methods and results of the ambient water quality and wastewater discharge
analysis, the toxicological analysis, and the benthic macroinvertebrate analysis can be found in the
following chapters. The raw data as well as numerous data summaries are also included. The locations of
water quality sampling stations, sediment sampling stations, and benthic macroinvertebrate sampling
stations can be found in Tables 2, 3, and 4 respectively.
21
-------
Chapter i
1991 BLACKSTONE RIVER DRY WEATHER SURVEY
AMBIENT WATER QUALITY AND WASTEWATER
DISCHARGE DATA
by
Elaine M. Hartman
Massachusetts Division of Water Pollution Control
Technical Services Section, North Grafton, Massachusetts
-------
Chapter 1
List of Tables and Figures
Tables Subject Page
l-l Water Quality Stations 1-14
1-2 Water Quality Criteria . 1-15
1—<3-5) Dissolved Oxygen 1-(16-18)
1—(6-8) Temperature . 1 -(19-21)
H9-11) pH .....H22-24)
1-12 Bacteria 1-25
1-13 Hardness 1-26
1—(14-20) Metals ,...l-(27-33)
1—(21 -25) ...Nutrients, BOD, Chlorophyll l-(34-38)
1-22 Chloride, TSS, TVS 1-35
1-26 Chloride, TSS, TVS 1-39
1—(27-36) UBWPAD l-(40-49)
1- (37-46) Woonsocket WWTP l-(50-58)
1-47 Blackstone River Field Flow Data (cfs) 1-59
Figures Subject Page
1- 1 Schematic of Blackstone River 1-3
1—(2-13) Dissolved Oxygen j l-(60-68)
1—(14-19)... Temperature 1 -(69-71)
M20-31) pH 1-(72-77)
1—(32-33) Bacteria. 1-78
1—(34-35) Hardness 1-79
l-(36-55) .Total and Dissolved Metals(ug/1) l-(80-89)
1—(56-61) Phosphorus (mg/1) and Chlorophyll (ug/1) - l-(90-92)
1—(62-65) Ammonia and Nitrate (mg/1) l-(93-94)
1- 66 BOD (mg/1) ., 1-95
M67-70) TSS and TVS (mg/1) l-(95-97)
1—(71-72) Chloride (mg/1) . l-(97-98)
1—(73-87) Total and Dissolved Metals (lbs/day) 1-(98-105)
1—(88-90) Ammonia and Nitrate (lbs/day) 1-(106-107)
1- (91-92) BOD (lbs/day) 1-(107-108)
1-(93-94) TSS and TVS (lbs/day).... 1-(108-109)
l-(95-96) Phosphorus (lbs/day), Ammonia (lbs/day), and Chlorophyll (ug/1) 1-(109-110)
1- 97 Phosphorus (lbs/day) 1-110
-------
1991 BLACKSTONE RIVER SURVEY
Ambient Water Quality and Wastewater Discharge Data
In 1991, the Massachusetts Division of Water Pollution Control (DWPC), the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, the University of Rhode Island, and the Rhode Island Department of Environmental
Management sampled 21 water quality stations in the Blackstone River Basia The stations (see Table 1-1
and Figure 1-1) included 15 on the mainstem (ten in Massachusetts and five in Rhode Island) and six
tributaries (Quinsigamond River, Mumford River, West River, Branch River, Mill River and Peters
River). Three two-day surveys were conducted on July 10 and 11, August 14 and 15, and October 2 and 3.
In addition, effluent samples were collected at the two major dischargers, the Upper Blackstone Water
Pollution Abatement District and the Woonsocket Treatment Plant, over a period of five days prior to the
ambient river sampling. Additional effluent sampling was conducted on different dates at these two
facilities and at ten (10) additional industrial and municipal facilities in the basin as part of the toxicity
testing component of the project.
Methods
For the instream sampling, four sets of discrete grab samples were collected once every six hours, over
the first 24-hour period for each of the three surveys. The samples were analyzed for five-day
biochemical oxygen demand (BODs), total suspended solids, total volatile solids, chloride, total Kjeldahl-
nitrogen, ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, total phosphorus, total and dissolved metals (cadmium,
chromium, copper, lead, and nickel) and calcium and magnesium. Nitrogen and phosphorus levels are
reported as mg/1 of N and mg/1 of P, respectively. Fecal coliform samples were collected during the 0400
run on the first day of each survey. In addition, surface grab samples for dissolved oxygen were collected
every six hours over the 48-hour period. Temperature, pH, and conductivity readings were taken in the
field concurrently with the D.O. samples. Additional surface dissolved oxygen values were taken on some
dates for some stations downstream of dams. The stations were identified using the BLK code number
with the designation of ".1" at the end. For example, BLK08 denotes sampling above the dam and
BLK08.1 was the station below the dam. Samples were also collected for chlorophyll a analyses, on the
0400 and 1600 river runs, on the first day of each survey period.
Samples were collected using teflon buckets, and pre-cleaned plastic bottles provided by the University of
Rhode Island. Samples were stored in iced coolers for transport.
All samples were transported at the end of each survey run to the laboratory conducting the analyses,
where samples were analyzed using methods approved by the EPA. Chemical, nutrient, metal, and
chlorophyll analyses were conducted by the University of Rhode Island. Fecal coliform analyses were
performed by the Massachusetts DEP Lawrence Experiment Station. Dissolved oxygen determinations
were performed by the DWPC and EPA field personnel at the DWPC field office in Westborough,
Massachusetts for the Massachusetts samples, and in Woonsocket, Rhode Island for the Rhode Island
samples. A modified Winkler titration was used for the oxygen determinations. Backup field dissolved
oxygen readings were also taken using a Yellow Springs meter. Instances in which it was necessary to use
these meter readings in place of the Winkler method results are indicated in the tables. Meter readings
were only substituted if water samples could not be taken, as the meter readings tended to be higher in
some stretches of the river indicating interference probably as a result of chlorine. Temperature readings
were taken in the field using a hand held thermometer. An Orion Research Model 211 digital field pH
meter, calibrated prior to each survey run, was used for pH measurements.
1-1
-------
Table 1-1
1991 Blackstone River Survey
LOCATION OF MONITORING STATIONS
RIVER
MILE
STATION
NUMBER
RIVER
LOCATION
TOWN
Massachusetts
45.7
BLK01
Blackstone River
Millbury Street
Worcester
43.9
BLK02
Blackstone River
McCracken Road
Millbury
41.3
BLK03
Blackstone River
Riverlin Street
Millbury
39.8
BLK04
Blackstone River
Blackstone Street
(Singing Dam)
Sutton
36.7:2.1
BLK05
Quinsigamond River
Millbury Street
Grafton
36.3
BLK06
Blackstone River
Route 122 A
(Fisherville)
Grafton
31.9
BLK 07
(above dam)
BLK07.1
(below dam)
Blackstone River
Blackstone River
Riverdale Street
Riverdale Street
Northbridge
Northbridge
27.8
BLK08
(above dam)
BLK08.1
(below dam)
Blackstone River
(Rice City Pond)
Blackstone River
Hartford Road
Hartford Road
Uxbridge
Uxbridge
25.5:0.6
BLK09
(above dam)
BLK09.1
(below dam)
Mumford River
(Route 16)
Mumford River
(Route 16)
Mendon Street
Mendon Street
Uxbridge
Uxbridge
24.2:0.6
BLK10
West River
Hbcla Street
Uxbridge
23.2
BLK11
Blackstone River
Route 122
Uxbridge
19.1
BLK 12
Blackstone River
RR Bridge & 122
Millville
16.6
BLK13
Blackstone River
Bridge Street
Blackstone
Rhode Island
17.4:0.8
BLK 14
Branch River
Rte. 16A
Forestdale
13.3:0.7
BLK 15
Mill River
Privilege Street
Woonsocket
13.1:1.1
BLK 16
Peters River
Rte. 114/Diamond
Hill Road
Woonsocket
12.8
BLK 17
Blackstone River
Rte. 122 (Upstream
ofWPOTW)
Woonsocket
9.9
BLK 18
Blackstone River
Manville Hill Road
Cumberland
8.1
BLK 19
Blackstone River
School St./Albion
Rd. - Albion Bridge
Cumberland/
Albion
3.7
BLK 20
Blackstone River
Whipple Bridge on
Lonsdale Ave.
Cumberland/
Lonsdale
0.2
BLK 21
Blackstone River
Exchange Street
Paw tucket
1-2
-------
Figure 1-1
Blackstone River 1991
Schematic of Sampling Stations, Flow Stations, and Wastewater Dischargers
BLACKSTONE RIVER
CD
33
O
O
*
* FLOW STATION
Distances not to scale.
PATRIOT METALS
SINGLETARY BROOK
SINGING DAM BLK04
^F,
9 oc
V) ^
^ «
o a:
<
CD
COZ CHEMICAL A
NORTHBRIDGE POTW
ORo
R^R
E. DOUGLAS POTW
GUILFORD INDUSTRIES. INC.
A
BLK09
UXBRIDGE POTW*
MASSACHUSETTS
RHODE ISLAND^
BLK 14
A BURRILVILLE WWTP
OKONITE INDS A
GTE A
A
WORCESTER SPINNING AND FINISHING
A NEW ENGLAND PUTING. INC.
A WYMAN GORDON
— BLKO 1*
A UPPER BLACKSTONE WPAD
I— BLK02
MILLBURY CENTER
- BLK03
A MILLBURY POTW QVj
A WYMAN GORDON
BLK05
BLK06
FISHERVILLE
A GRAFTON POTW
— GAGING STATION*
- BLK07-RIVERDALE
RICE CITY ^
— BLK08
BLK 10
— BLK 11
—BLK 12*
UPTON POTW
A hopedale potw
BLK 15
USGS GAGE AT WOONSOCKET*
\ BLK 16 PETERS RIVER
— BLK 17
A WOONSOCKET POTW
— BLK 18
— BLK 19
— BLK20 *
— BLK21
1-3
-------
Instream flow measurements were taken in conjunction with the water quality sampling at four stations
(Worcester, Northbridge, and Millville, Massachusetts, and Lonsdale, Rhode Island). How readings were
also obtained from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gages located at Northbridge, Massachusetts,
Woonsocket, Lonsdale and Manville Dam, Rhode Island, the West River below the West Hill Dam in
Uxbridge, Massachusetts, and on the Quinsigamond River. The instream flow measurements were
collected by the USGS and the Massachusetts DEP by taking velocity readings and integrating over the
cross-sectional area of the river. The velocity readings were taken either instream or from a bridge using
the cable method. The flow data were entered into the Massachusetts Stream 7B Wasteload Allocation
Model to develop flow profiles at each of the sampling locations for each of the surveys. The model,
which had previously been developed for the Massachusetts segment only, was extrapolated to include the
Rhode Island portion of the river for the hydraulic relationships only. The flows obtained through the
Stream 7B model are preliminary and will be finalized once the Qual2EU model is developed by the
University of Rhode Island for both the Massachusetts and Rhode Island segments of the river.
Effluent analyses were conducted on 24-hour composite samples collected daily for five days prior to the
water quality surveys. The effluents were collected at the Upper Blackstone Water Pollution Abatement
District Wastewater Treatment Plant in Massachusetts and the Woonsocket Wastewater Treatment Plant in
Rhode Island. Samples were collected during the following periods: July 5-10 for Survey 1, August 9-14
for Survey 2, September 20-24, and September 30-October 2, 1991 for Survey 3. The September 20-24
sampling was terminated due to the onset of heavy rains. Some of these samples were analyzed. All
wastewater treatment plant data for the Upper Blackstone and Woonsocket facilities appear in Tables
l-(27-46) both as concentrations and as pounds per day (#/day). Wastewater samples were handled and
analyzed for the same parameters and by the same procedures as the instream samples.
Effluent samples were also collected from 12 dischargers in the' Blackstone River basin as part of the
toxicity testing at these facilities. Three (3) facilities were tested in Rhode Island: Okonite Industries,
GTE, and the Woonsocket WWTP. In Massachusetts, the nine facilities tested were: Upper Blackstone
WPAD in Millbury, MA, Uxbridge WWTP, Northbridge WWTP, Millbury WWTP, Guilford Industries in
Douglas, MA, Douglas WWTP, Grafton WWTP, New England Plating in Worcester, MA, and Worcester
Spinning and Finishing in Leicester, MA. Samples were not collected concurrently with the river surveys
conducted during this study. Instead, the facilities were sampled once each during the summer of 1991,
either during June or during August, except for the UB WPAD and the Woonsocket Wastewater Treatment
Plant which were sampled twice. As part of this testing, the samples were analyzed by a laboratory under
contract to the EPA, for aluminum, cadmium, calcium, chromium, copper, lead, magnesium, nickel, zinc,
ammonia, total solids, total suspended solids, total organic carbon, and alkalinity. The data from this
segment of the project appear in Appendix A.
Results and Discusssion
All laboratory data analyzed by the University of Rhode Island (URI) appear in Appendix B. Appendix C
lists the quality assurance/quality control information. The field data for dissolved oxygen, pH, and
temperature, and the bacterial data analyzed by the DEP Lawrence Experiment Station appear in Tables
1—(3-12).
The data analyzed by URI are organized by parameter and then by station. Because there were four data
points for each instream parameter for each survey date, these data were averaged to produce one value
for each day. In the calculation of daily mean concentrations, a decision was made for values reported on
the laboratory sheets as 'less than the limit of detection,' to set these values equal to the limit of detection.
The limits of detection used were specified by the University of Rhode Island, where the analyses were
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conducted. These limits are listed in Appendix B.
Graphs were produced for all instream parameters showing daily mean concentrations versus river mile
for the surveys conducted in July, August, and October, from the upstream reaches in Worcester,
Massachusetts to the Slater's Mill Dam in Rhode Island. Mean values were also calculated for the
combined July and August survey dates since the flows for these two surveys were very similar. The
concentrations measured for each parameter were then extrapolated, where appropriate, to pounds per day
using flows calculated for each river station. Flows were calculated from instream measurements and
formulas contained in the Massachusetts Stream 7B Wasteload Allocation Model for the Blackstone
River. The flows, mean daily concentrations, and loadings appear in the accompanying tables. Graphs of
loadings for each parameter at each station are also provided. (It should be noted that the graphs for
dissolved oxygen, pH and some additional parameters should not be used to interpolate values between
stations. The graphs were produced as the best method for visualizing comparisons between stations for
the entire river length. Values may change dramatically between stations.)
Graphs were also produced for each of the six tributaries showing daily average concentrations, and
loadings for each parameter at each tributary. Tables listing the data points for the graphs are attached.
Flows for the tributaries were also derived either from the Stream 7B model or provided by the USGS
from continuously recording gages on selected tributaries.
Identification of survey data in the tables and graphs is as follows. For the instream sampling, July 10 and
11 is Survey 1, August 14 and 15 is Survey 2, and October 2 and 3 is Survey 3. The wastewater discharge
data are similar except for the additional 5 days of sampling conducted at the end of September. This
survey period (September 20-24) is identified by date in the tables since it does not correspond to any of
the instream sampling.
Hardness values were calculated by applying the formula contained in the Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater (16th Edition) to the calcium and magnesium values measured
instream. Tables and graphs of these hardness values are included together with a table showing ambient
metal criteria for the Blackstone River and tributaries based upon the hardness levels.
In general, the flows measured instream for July and August were very low and although not at 7Q10
were close to 7Q2.7Q10 is defined as the lowest flow over 7 consecutive days during any 10 consecutive
year period. 7Q2 is defined as the lowest flow over 7 consecutive days during any 2 consecutive years.
7Q10 and 7Q2 in the Blackstone River at Northbridge, MA have been calculated by the United States
Geological Service as 45 cfs, and 72 cfs, respectively. Flows during July/August at Northbridge
developed through the Stream 7B model were 77.9 cfs. 7Q10 and 7Q2 flows in the Blackstone River at
Woonsocket, RI have been calculated by the USGS as 101 cfs and 134 cfs. Flows calculated at
Woonsocket through the Stream 7B model were 148.6 cfs. All field flow information and graphs of the
river flow versus river mile appear as Table 1- 47.
Flows for the month of October were four to five times higher than the first two surveys, and reflected the
recent rains at the end of September which postponed the third survey. As a comparison, the flows during
the October survey were approximately 50% higher than mean October flows. The two distinct river
flows provide a unique comparison of river and effluent dynamics between base flow conditions and high
flows for parameter concentrations and overall loadings, and show resuspension and transport dynamics
during higher flows. In a review of all data, it should be noted that the study was not at critical conditions
(maximum loading and low flow). Although the flow was low it was not at 7Q10, and the treatment plants
were not discharging at capacity.
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Dissolved Oxygen and pH
Dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH data for the river and tributaries appear in Tables 1—(3-11) and are
depicted graphically in Figures 1—(2-31).
Dissolved oxygen concentrations and percent saturation values met water quality standards at all
mainstem stations under low flow conditions with one exception (Station BLK01 at Millbury St. during
August at 4.9 mg/1). However, a number of values very near the Massachusetts and Rhode Island water
quality standard of 5 mg/1 for Class B waters were measured at several stations. In August, Rice City
Pond had a low value of 5.6 mg/1 during the night and a high value of 10.3 mg/1 during the day showing
the impact of biological activity in the impoundment. The highest value (12 mg/1) was seen at Riverdale
St. Values above 10 mg/1 were also recorded at McCracken Rd., Singing Dam, and at Fisherville. For the
tributaries, only the Mumford River showed early morning values in August below the 5 mg/1 standard
(4.4 mg/1 and 4.7 mg/1) and the Peters River exhibited two values of 4.9 mg/1 in July. All values in
October were above 7 mg/1 in the mainstem and in the tributaries due to higher flows, cooler
temperatures, and decreased biological activity.
The Massachusetts and Rhode Island water quality standards for percent saturation for dissolved oxygen
differ. Massachusetts uses a value of 60% while Rhode Island uses a value of 75%. If the Massachusetts
standard is used for the Massachusetts river segment no violations exist. If the Rhode Island standard is
used for the Rhode Island portion station BLK20 falls below the water quality standard, for the July 10
and 11, and August 14 and 15 surveys.
It should be noted that any dissolved oxygen sag that might have occurred below the Woonsocket WWTP
or the UBWPAD discharge would have been missed due to access restrictions on the location of the
sampling stations. The first two water quality sampling stations below the discharge were located
immediately downstream of dams where any D.O. sag would have recovered due to reaeration over the
dam. The next sampling station (BLK20) is more than 6 miles below the discharge. Also, all dissolved
oxygen samples were taken from surface waters. Therefore, in deeper impoundments any variability in
dissolved oxygen values between surface and bottom waters would have been missed. Also, with regard
to any dissolved oxygen sag, it must be remembered that although river flow was low, the study was not
at critical conditions (i.e. maximum load and low flow of 7Q10).'
A comparison of dissolved oxygen values with data collected in 1988 by the MDWPC for the upper and
middle reaches of the Blackstone River show some improvement over the last few years. However,
comparisons are difficult because during the 1991 survey, the flows and the ultimate oxygen demanding
load from the UBWPAD were higher. The 1988 survey flows were slightly less than twice the 1991 flows.
The 1988 data indicate D.O. violations in June at Millbury St., Worcester (<4 mg/1) and Hartford St.,
Uxbridge (<3 mg/1), and in August at Singleton St., Woonsocket (<4 mg/1) and Hartford St., Uxbridge (<5
mg/1).
Large diurnal swings in pH with some values outside of the Massachusetts water quality standards range
of 6.5-8.3 standard units for Class B waters were recorded at a number of stations on the mainstem with
the largest ranges in the impoundments. In most instances, pH measurements in the tributaries were
within the water quality standards range. The most notable exceptions for the tributaries occurred on the
August 14 survey during which time pH measurements were lower than 6.5 standard units. The pH
standard used for Rhode Island was 6.5-8.0. Massachusetts standards also state that values will vary by
not more than 0.5 units outside of the background range.
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Bacteria
Fecal coliform data appear in Table 1-12. Bacteria data for the river are graphed as colonies per 100 ml
versus river mile in Figure 1-32. Tributary levels are compared in Figure 1—33.
High levels of fecal coliform bacteria above water quality standards (400 colonies per 100 ml for the
Massachusetts standard and 500 colonies per 100 ml for the Rhode Island standard) were seen at several
locations along the mainstem and in one tributary. These stations included Millbury St. with the highest
levels (1800-3500 colonies per 100 ml), Riverlin St. (20-1060 colonies per 100 ml), Singing Dam (300-
2300 colonies per 100 ml), Fisherville (120-900 colonies per 100 ml) and Slaters Mill Dam (140-560
colonies per 100 ml). Levels above the water quality standards for geometric means (200 colonies per 100
ml for the Massachusetts and Rhode Island standards) were recorded at Millbury St., Riverlin St., Singing
Dam, Fisherville, Hamlet Ave. in Woonsocket, and Lonsdale Ave. in Pawtucket. For the tributaries, only
the Branch River (160-460 colonies per 100 ml) and Peters River (260-1060 colonies per 100 ml)
exceeded both the 400 colonies per 100 ml water quality standard for 10 percent of the samples, and the
200 colonies per 100 ml standard for a geometric mean. Of note is the abrupt change in fecal coliform
levels between the Millbury St. station (1800-3500 colonies per 100 ml) and the McCracken Rd. station
(0-20 colonies 100 ml) showing the impact of the introduction of chlorinated wastewater from the
UBWPAD.
Metals
Data tables listing mean daily concentrations, mean daily loadings, and flows, for the river and the
tributaries are listed in Tables 1—(14-20). Graphs which display the values versus river miles, for the
mainstem, and values compared among tributaries, appear as Figures 1—(36-55). Graphs of the loadings
versus the river mile appear as Figures l-(73-87). Hardness data appear in Table 1-13. Graphs of the
hardness versus river mile appear in Figure 1-34. A comparison of hardness data among tributaries
appears in Figure 1-35. Water quality criteria at different hardness levels is presented in Table 1-2.
The metals data were evaluated using a number of different approaches. First, the values were compared
to water quality criteria to identify river reaches which exceeded federal and state standards. Secondly, a
station by station comparison was made of the instream concentration by graphing river mile versus
concentration. This provides a method for identifying areas which may contribute to instream levels or
areas which act as temporary sinks or storage for materials. Thirdly, the concentrations of each parameter
were extrapolated where appropriate to instream loadings. This provided an idea of the total quantity or
loading instream at each station, and the amount either being transported downstream or the amount being
deposited. The loadings allowed for a comparison of the July/August low flow survey information with
the October higher flow survey.
In the comparison of metals data to water quality criteria, average daily values were compared to the
water quality criteria rather than the discrete data collected at each six hour interval during the survey.
This procedure moderates the effect of outlying data points. Use of this method precluded a judgement on
whether to discard each data point that initially appeared high or low. Also, the data were graphed
comparing the average value for the July survey, the average value for the August survey, and the average
value for the October survey to the water quality criteria. On the same graph, the average value for the
low flow period (July and August combined) was also presented. This allowed for two comparisons on
the same graph: (1) the average value for each survey for July, August, or October to water quality
criteria, and (2) a comparison of conditions during the low flow period (July and August) to conditions
instream during higher flows.
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During the low flow period of July/August, the graphs for concentrations of each metal are similar to the
graphs for loadings for each metal. The metals data from the instream sampling showed a distinct pattern
for cadmium, chromium, copper and nickel. In general, during the low flow conditions of July and
August, cadmium, copper, and nickel concentrations and loadings were low at the first station and then
increased substantially below the UBWPAD. The levels (concentrations and loadings) tended to decrease
rapidly downstream as the metals appeared to precipitate out into the sediments in the impoundments. The
process was reversed as the water flowed through the very shallow Rice City Pond at which point the
metals concentrations again increased for cadmium, chromium, and copper, indicating reintroduction of
metals from river sediments. This resuspension of solids can be seen by a comparison of the total and
dissolved metals graphs, and the total suspended solids graphs. These graphs show a larger increase in
total metals than dissolved metals, with the largest increase seen in chromium. The metals levels
continued to decrease to the Rhode Island border at which point the levels were again similar to the
background amounts found in the river above the UBWPAD during low flow periods. Chromium
followed a similar pattern except that levels were highest at the most upstream station in Worcester. Lead
graphs showed no distinct trends. Highest levels were seen in the Fisherville, Riverdale, and Rice City
Pond areas and just above the state line. In Rhode Island, concentrations of all metals also increased
slightly below the Woonsocket treatment plant but to a much smaller extent than seen in the
Massachusetts segment.
During the October survey, the concentrations of metals were in most cases lower than, or the same as,
the concentrations measured in the river during the lower flow surveys of July and August. The total
quantities of materials instream were actually much larger but were masked by dilution from the prior
heavy rains. A clearer comparison of the dynamics in the river is seen through a comparison of the
loading graphs presented for each metal (Figures 1-(73-87)). These graphs adjusted for the difference in
flows between the surveys. Two graphs are presented on each page. The upper graph shows the pounds
per day for the July/August survey versus the river miles for a particular parameter. The lower graph
shows the pounds/day for the October survey versus the river miles for the same parameter.
While the July/August loading graphs mimic the July/August concentration graphs, the October loading
graphs are very different from the October concentration graphs and show different trends. The quantity
of metals in the river water during October were significantly higher than during the low flow periods
reflecting increased input, resuspension from sediments, and transport downstream. The same increase
was seen in October as in July/August between station BLK01 and BLK02 with the introduction of metals
from the UBWPAD, and also to a much smaller extent below the Woonsocket WWTP, but these increases
which characterized the river during low flow periods were dwarfed by the much larger increases seen
through the reintroduction of metals from the impoundments. This increase and transport is displayed for
all five metals. The large increase began at Rice City Pond and continued to increase throughout the
Massachusetts portion. At the state line, the levels again decreased. This could be due to settling taking
place. Three tributaries enter at this point (the Branch, Mill, and Peters Rivers) but the introduction of this
water should not affect the loadings other than to increase them. Only cadmium, chromium, and copper
were reduced in loadings at the state line. The lead graph which displayed no distinct trends during the
low flow period, followed the same trends in October as the other four metals. That is, an increase was
seen beginning in the impoundments and increasing downstream. Lead levels remained low in the upper
reaches of the river, then reached the highest peak for the entire river length downstream of the
Woonsocket treatment plant (45 pounds/day compared to the 3 pounds/day in the upper reaches). Nickel
levels dipped slightly at the state line and then continued to increase throughout the Rhode Island portion.
A comparison of metals levels with water quality criteria indicated that cadmium, chromium, copper, and
lead levels exceeded ambient criteria at some locations. However, in an evaluation of the extent of metals
concentrations above water quality criteria, it must be noted that water quality standards for metals are
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based upon water hardness. A hardness level of 50 mg/1 was selected upon which to calculate the metals
criteria for the mainstem stations. This level may not be protective for the central and lower stretches of
the river which exhibit a lower hardness level due to the introduction of less buffered water from the
tributaries. A table of acute and chronic water quality criteria is presented showing levels at 60 mg/1, 50
mg/1,40 mg/1 and 30 mg/1 of hardness as a comparison for the mainstem stations (Table 1-2). A graph
showing hardness levels versus river miles is also included (Figure 1-34). For the tributaries, water
quality criteria are given for 30 mg/1 for the Peters River, and 40 mg/1 for the Quinsigamond River.
Hardness values for the three remaining tributaries are as follows: 10 mg/1 hardness for the Branch River,
15 mg/1 hardness for the Mumford River and the West River, 20 mg/1 for the Mill River. However,
according to new regulations promulgated by the USEPA on December 22,1992 in the Federal Register,
any waters with a hardness value less than 25 mg/1, must use 25 mg/1 in the calculation, as the formulas
cannot be extrapolated below this value. A graph of the tributaries versus the hardness is presented
(Figure 1-35).
Nickel levels remained below acute and chronic water quality criteria at all times, at all stations, on both
the mainstem and in the tributaries. However, a seven-fold increase in nickel levels was measured below
UBWPAD as compared with upstream levels.
Chromium levels instream were compared with Cr+6 chronic water quality standards since there are no
water quality standards for total chromium. Only two locations on the mainstem (above UBWPAD and in
Rice City Pond) exceeded chronic criteria. Chromium concentrations never exceeded acute criteria in the
mainstem nor acute or chronic criteria in the tributaries. Of note, compared to the patterns for other
metals, were the elevated levels of chromium found in the river as it flowed through the city of Worcester
above the UBWPAD. (Chromium(+6) water quality criteria are not based upon instream hardness levels.)
Cadmium levels in the mainstem exceeded chronic water quality criteria at all Massachusetts stations
except for the most upstream station sampled, and also exceeded chronic criteria levels at the first station
sampled below the Woonsocket treatment plant. Cadmium acute water quality criteria were exceeded at
the first three stations below UBWPAD. Cadmium levels in the tributaries exceeded chronic criteria on
one survey in the West River and on one survey on the Peters River. Acute criteria were not exceeded in
the tributaries.
Copper levels exceeded acute and chronic water quality criteria at all Massachusetts stations with the
highest levels found below UBWPAD and Rice City Pond. Copper levels were slightly elevated above
chronic criteria in all Rhode Island stations, but acute criteria were only exceeded at the first two sampled.
In the tributaries, copper levels exceeded acute and chronic criteria in the Mumford River, the West River,
the Branch River and the Peters River. Chronic criteria were exceeded in the Mill River.
Lead levels in the mainstem exceeded chronic criteria at all stations, and exceeded acute criteria at two
stations, Fisherville and Riverdale. For the tributaries, acute criteria lead levels were exceeded on the Mill
River. Chronic criteria for lead were exceeded on all the tributaries for all sample dates.
Nutrients, Chlorophyll, and BOD
Ammonia, nitrate, TKN, phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and BOD daily average values, and loadings appear
in Tables 1—(21-25) with the chloride and solids data. The data were graphed as concentration versus river
mile as follows. Ammonia and nitrate are in Figures 1—(62-65) for concentrations, and Figures 1—(88-90)
for loadings. BOD levels are in Figure 66, and loadings are in Figures 1- 91 and 1-92. Phosphorus and
chlorophyll appear in Figures 1—(56-61) and Figures 1—(95-97).
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Chlorophyll levels indicated abundant growth, during the months of July and August, in the
impoundments where river flows slowed and the river widened and became more shallow. Also of note
were the high levels at stations 11, 12, 18, 19 and 20. Growth was highest in the Riverdale and Rice City
Pond impoundments, at which points advanced eutrophication was evident Lower growth was evident in
the upper reaches where velocities were higher. The highest levels were measured at the first two Rhode
Island stations below the Woonsocket treatment plant with values between 20 and 25 |ig/l. Overall,
planktonic growth was abundant in July, moderate in August, and low during the cooler, higher flow
period of October. These growth levels likely accounted for the large diurnal swings in pH and dissolved
oxygen seen in July and the moderate diurnal ranges in August. The lowest fluctuations were seen in
October. In general, highest pH values were measured during the late afternoon and lower values were
measured in the early morning.
Dissolved phosphorus levels were very high in the upper reaches with values exceeding above 1 mg/1
downstream from the UBWPAD. The values remained high at the next few stations, and then dropped to
lower levels in the impoundments where the biological community removed this available phosphorus to
produce organic matter. Levels of phosphorus in these segments were 0.2-0.5 mg/1, while chlorophyll
levels rose from <0.3 jj.g/1 to around 20 p.g/1. The increased growth in the impoundments was evidenced
in the high levels of chlorophyll produced by the planktonic community. (Total phosphorus was not
measured during this survey.) Peaks in ortho-P were evident at McCracken Road where levels were 100
times the values measured at the nearest upstream station, and below Woonsocket WWTP where values
were more than five times those recorded at the next upstream station during August.
Total Kjeldahl nitrogen levels were not graphed due to the low levels recorded. Most values were below
the limit of detection of 1 mg/1.
Ammonia concentrations in the river appeared to be more impacted by the Woonsocket treatment plant
than the UBWPAD during low flows. Levels increased substantially downstream of the Woonsocket
treatment plant to over 1 mg/1, and increased to a lesser extent downstream of the UBWPAD to about 0.6
mg/1. Ammonia concentrations appeared high (>0.5 mg/1) in the first station sampled and continued to
increase slightly up to Singing Dam, and reflected the input from the Millbury treatment plant. The
concentrations of ammonia below the Woonsocket treatment plant appeared to be much higher in the low
flow months than in the higher flow months, in contrast to the UBWPAD where concentrations were
about the same during the low and high flow surveys. Ammonia loadings below the Woonsocket
treatment plant reached 850 pounds/day as compared with less than 400 pounds/day below UBWPAD
during the July/August survey. In October, the ammonia loadings below Woonsocket were near 800
pounds/day while below the UBWPAD the levels were just under 300 pounds/day.
In contrast, nitrate appeared to be much more evident below the UBWPAD reaching near 4 mg/1 at
McCracken Rd. and between 4 and 5 mg/1 at the next two downstream stations as nitrification occurred
(during which ammonia was converted to nitrate). During the October survey, nitrate concentrations
below UBWPAD were much lower than during July and August. These lower nitrate levels were seen for
the entire river length in Massachusetts and Rhode Island. A review of the graphs of pounds/day for
ammonia and nitrate in the Rhode Island section (Figures l-(88-90)) showed the impact of the
Woonsocket treatment plant on the ammonia levels and the subsequent increase in nitrate levels
throughout the lower portion of the river to Slater's Mill Dam as nitrification occurs. During July and
August, nitrate levels reached over 2000 pounds/day at the last station as compared with about 900
pounds/day above Woonsocket. The dynamics of nitrate loading during October in the lower stretches of
the river are not as clear. A large increase is seen at river miles 19.1 and 16.6 (with values ranging near
3700 pounds/day), with another large increase at Slaters Mill Dam (from 1400 to 3700 pounds/day). The
upper stretches of the river remain fairly low with values around 300 pounds/day.
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Biochemical oxygen demand was low tOjinoderate throughout the river length with increases seen again
in Rice City Pond, and downstream through the next two river stations, and then again at the two stations
below Woonsocket. The highest value recorded was 3 mg/1 and occurred below Woonsocket. The values
for BOD showed improvement in the Massachusetts portion, if compared to the 1988 MDWPC survey,
during which times levels reached as high as 8 mg/1 in one section of the river. BOD loading graphs for
the July/August and the October surveys (Figures 1-91 and 1-92) indicated the same trends (i.e.
relatively lower levels in the upstream portions, then increased production and resuspension of organic
material as the water passed through Riverdale and Rice City Pond with continuing increases downstream
for the entire length).
Solids and Chloride
Total suspended solids, total volatile solids, and chloride mean daily values and loadings appear in Tables
1-22 and 1-26. Graphs of the data versus river mile are presented in Figures 1—(67-72) for
concentrations, and Figures 1-93 and 1-94 for loadings.
Total suspended solids and total volatile solids concentrations also exhibited a pattern similar to the total
chlorophyll levels with the highest values measured in Rice City Pond (between 10-12 mg/1 and over 4
mg/1, respectively). Organic matter made up less of a percentage of the solids component at Rice City
Pond (even with the tremendous spike seen in TSS and TVS levels at this station) than at the station
below the UBWPAD, showing the contribution of resuspended sediments from this shallow impoundment
to the water column. The TSS and TVS graphs for loadings showed the increases in solids input from the
impoundments during low flows again being dwarfed by the very large increases during higher flows,
with transport downstream rather than settling taking place. At some locations, the increase in October of
TSS and TVS was 4-5 times the amount seen during the lower flow survey.
Chloride concentrations were very high during the July and August surveys, from the most upstream river
station (over 120 mg/1) downstream to Rice City Pond, showing the impact to the river from the city of
Worcester and the input of the treatment plants. Another peak was measured just over the state line in
Rhode Island where values reached to 90 mg/1. During the October survey, chloride concentrations were
lower, showing the effects of dilution.
Effluents
Wastewater treatment plant data for the Upper Blackstone Water Pollution Abatement District and the
Woonsocket Treatment Plant appear in Tables l-(27-46).
The two largest dischargers to the river were each discharging considerably less than permitted flow
levels during the surveys. During the two low flow surveys the oxygen demanding load discharged from
Woonsocket was less than 1/2 of the permitted load while the oxygen demanding load discharged from
UBWPAD was less than 1/6 of the permitted load. Both facilities discharge high levels of phosphorus and
nitrogen to the river. The nitrogen discharged from UBWPAD is mostly in the form of nitrate while the
nitrogen discharged from Woonsocket includes high levels of ammonia. Ammonia can result in toxicity to
aquatic organisms and also contributes to the depletion of dissolved oxygen in the river. Both ammonia
and nitrate contribute to eutrophication in Narragansett Bay which has been identified as a major
component of the dissolved oxygen sag in the upper Bay. Neither facility has a discharge limit for
phosphorus or for nitrate. The UBWPAD has a stringent discharge limit for ammonia with which it is in
compliance. The Woonsocket permit contains no discharge limit for ammonia. Although on a
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concentration basis for metals there was no appreciable difference between the two discharges except for
nickel, the UBWPAD discharged higher metal loads, except under some conditions for nickel. In the
Woonsocket effluent, nickel increases greatly between the pre-chlorination and post-chlorination samples.
The UBWPAD provides advanced treatment due to the large volume of flow that is discharged to a
relatively low stream flow. Woonsocket provides standard secondary treatment prior to discharging.
Summary
1. Although the river was not at critical conditions (i.e. low streamflow of 7Q10 and maximum effluent
discharge), flows were close to 7Q2, and the surveys encompassed both high and low flow periods
thereby allowing for a comparison of river dynamics under baseline and high flow conditions. During the
1991 study, the UBWPAD and the Woonsocket Wastewater Treatment Plant were discharging within the
NPDES permit effluent guidelines.
2. In general, the instream water quality data demonstrate that the sediments and the two treatment plants
are major sources of metals and nutrients. These sources contribute to metals levels above water quality
standards. The treatment plants and inputs from Rice City Pond appear to be the dominant features during
low flow conditions. During higher flows, runoff and resuspension of metals and significant transport of
these materials downstream appear to be the dominant characteristics.
3. Blackstone River water column metal concentrations were very high in some segments for some
metals. Total metal concentrations were compared with water quality criteria. Copper levels exceeded
acute and chronic water quality criteria at all Massachusetts stations. Chronic levels were exceeded in
Rhode Island at all stations, but acute criteria were exceeded only at the first two. Chromium levels only
exceeded chronic criteria at two stations. There appeared to be a chromium source above the first
Massachusetts station. Cadmium levels exceeded chronic criteria at all Massachusetts stations except the
first one, and exceeded criteria below Woonsocket. Lead levels exceeded chronic criteria at all stations
and acute criteria at Fisherville and Riverdale. Nickel levels remained below acute and chronic water
quality criteria levels at all times in the Blackstone River and tributaries.
4. Comparison with 1988 data shows some improvement in dissolved oxygen concentrations instream,
although comparisons are difficult between the two data sets since 1988 flows were higher and the
ultimate oxygen demanding loads were higher. However, large diurnal swings in D.O. and pH are evident
throughout, with the worst exhibited in the impoundments. These result from a combination of
decomposition of deposited organic matter and increased algal productivity due to increased nutrients.
Even with these large diurnal swings, few exceedences for D.O. outside of water quality standards were
evident in either the mainstem or the tributaries. Many more values outside water quality standards were
seen for pH than D.O.
5. Elevated fecal colifoim counts in the water above the UBWPAD result from sources in the city of
Worcester. Further downstream, unknown sources have resulted in high bacterial levels in Singing Dam,
Riverlin, Fisherville, and Slaters Mill Dam areas. Chlorinated wastewater and instream residual chlorine
from the UBWPAD have reduced bacteria levels in the river at the next downstream station to near zero.
6. Biologically available phosphorus levels are very high below the UBWPAD, but do not exhibit an
impact on the river in the upper reaches until the flow begins to slow in the impoundments. Uptake of
phosphours at this point is very rapid and indicated by the increase in the planktonic community
chlorophyll levels. High ortho-phosphorus levels were recorded from the Woonsocket treatment plant to
Slater's Mill Dam.
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7. Discharge from tne woonsocket treatment plant appears to be a dominant factor in instream ammonia
levels downstream. Discharge from the UBWPAD raised nitrate levels instream. The difference between
the two plants of whether ammonia was discharged or nitrate was discharged reflected different types of
wastewater treatment. The UPWPAD processes convert the ammonia to nitrate prior to discharge. Nitrate
creates less of an oxygen demand in the river water. Ammonia levels also appeared elevated below the
Millbury plant.
8. The UBWPAD discharge met permit limits during this study. However, the flow in the river to which
the plant discharges is very low in these upper reaches, offering little dilution. Therefore, the
characteristics of the effluent determine the characteristics of the river at this point. During the
July/August low flow surveys, the UBWPAD was 74% of the river flow. During the higher flow survey in
October, the UBWPAD was 45% of the total river flow.
9. The Woonsocket treatment plant is a determining factor in the characteristics of the Rhode Island
portion of the river. The flow to which the plant discharges is large. During the July/August surveys, the
Woonsocket Treatment Plant is 6% of the total river flow. During October, the Woonsocket plant is 2 % of
the total river flow. The river is transporting high levels of nutrients and metals at this point from
upstream sources, especially during high flow situations. However, these upstream sources alone do not
account for the magnitude of the increase measured below the Woonsocket treatment plant.
10. The Blackstone River impoundments, except for Rice City Pond, act as settling basins for solids,
nutrients, and metals from point and non-point sources during low flow periods. Rice City Pond acts as a
source even during low flows. These impoundments then become significant sources of these
constituents, with resuspension of deposited material during higher flows.
1-13
-------
Table 1-2
Blackstone River Survey 1991
WATER QUALITY CRITERIA
Otg/1)
HARDNESS
60 mg/1
50 mg/1
40 mg/1
30 mg/1
25 mg/1
CADMIUM
Chronic
0.76
0.66
0.55
0.44
0.38
Acute
22
1.88
1.4
1.0
0.82
CHROMIUM
(+6)
Chronic
11
11
11
11
11
Acute
16
16
16
16
16
CHROMIUM
(+3)
Chronic
136
117
98
77
67
Acute
1143
984
820
648
558
COPPER
Chronic
7.6
6.5
5.4
4.2
3.6
Acute
11
9.2
7.5
5.7
4.8
LEAD
Chronic
1.7
1.3
0.99
0.69
0.54
Acute
43
34
25
18
14
NICKEL
Chronic
102
88
73
57
49
Acute
921
789
653
512
439
1-14
-------
in
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (mg/1)
STATION
RIVER
MILE
JULY 10
JULY 11
400
1000
1600
2200
400
1000
1600
2200
BLK01
45.7
6.4
7.7
7.8
6.4
6.4
7.1
8.3
6.5
BLK02
43.9
6.3
7.2
7.2
6.4
6.8
7.2
8.2
6.7
BLK03
41.3
7.5
7.9
8.0
7.4
7.3
7.9
7.9
7.5
BLK04
39.8
8.1
8.1
8.0
7.9
8.0
8.0
7.8
8.0
BLK06
36.3
7.1
8.4
8.5
7.3
7.1
8.1
8.7
7.4
BLK07
31.9
7.3
7.6
10.0
9.2
7.9
10.5
12.7
8.8
BLK07.1
8.3
8.5
BLK08
27.8
6.1
9.8
13.0
6.9
6.0
10.2
12.9
7.9
BLK08.1
9.4
10.5
BLK11
23.2
6.6
9.6
9.5
6.4
6.9
9.6
10.2
7.4
BLK12
19.1
6.9
11.2
11.5
8.2
7.0
12.0
11.8
8.4
BLK13
16.6
8.2
10.7
11.0
9.3
9.1
12.0
12.2
9.9
BLK17
12.8
7.5
9.5
8.9
7.1
7.3
9.4
8.8
7.0
BLK18
9.9
8.0
8.0
7.9
8.0
8.1
8.0
8.0
7.7
BLK19
8.1
7.6
8.1
8.0
7.3
7.2
7.9
7.8
7.3
BLK20
3.7
5.6
8.1
9.1
6.4
5.3
8.5
10.2
6.4
BLK21
0.2
7.0
8.9
9.0
7.2
7.3
8.7
9.2
6.8
TRIBUTARIES
BLK05
36.7,2.1
6.0
6.8
7.0
5.5
5.7
6.5
6.8
5.4
BLK09
25.5,0.6
5.4
7.1
8.0
8.6
5.5
6.1
10.0
8.8
BLK09.1
7.6
7.8
10.0
7.8
7.5
7.7
8.0
8.2
BLK10
24.2,0.6
6.3
6.9
7.0
6.0
6.3
6.5
7.5
6.2
BLK14
17.4,0.8
7.2
7.7
7.8
6.9
7.0
8.0
7.9
7.1
BLK15
13.3,0.7
6.8
8.1
7.9
6.7
7.8
8.1
7.9
6.6
BLK16
13.1,1.1
5.1
4.9
6.2
4.9
5.2
5.3
6.7
5.4
.60
a"
<¦>
2T
5"
§ 5s
as £
"X I
Co Ui
K
3
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V©
v©
-------
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (mg/1)
Note: Meter readings were used for Stations 2, 3, 4, S, 6, 7, 8 and 9.1 on August 14 at 1000 hr.
STATION
RIVER
AUGUST 14
AUGUST 15
MILE
400
1000
1600
2200
400
1000
1600
2200
BLK01
45.7
6.2
7.2
7.2
5.9
6.0
6.9
7.0
4.9
BLK02
43.9
6.2
10.2
7.5
6.3
6.0
7.2
7.4
6.4
BLK03
41.3
7.1
10.1
7.7
7.1
7.0
7.8
7.9
7.4
BLK04
39.8
7.8
10.2
7.8
7.4
7.2
7.7
8.0
7.7
BLK06
36.3
7.2
10.0
8.1
7.0
6.8
7.9
8.3
7.4
BLK07
31.9
7.4
9.3
12.0
8.8
7.9
7.0
7.9
8.0
BLK07.1
BLK08
27.8
6.2
10.0
10.3
6.2
5.6
7.9
9.4
6.3
BLK08.1
9.9
7.9
8.9
BLKll
23.2
6.4
8.8
7.7
6.8
6.4
7.8
8.5
6.9
BLK12
19.1
6.3
9.3
9.3
6.9
6.2
7.5
9.7
7.7
BLK13
16.6
7.3
8.9
8.8
8.0
7.4
8.5
9.0
8.1
BLK17
12.8
7.4
8.7
8.5
7.1
8.0
8.1
8.8
7.1
BLK18
9.9
7.7
7.4
7.8
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.5
BLK19
8.1
7.7
8.0
7.7
7.4
7.1
7.6
7.5
7.2
BLK20
3.7
6.2
9.1
9.0
6.5
5.5
6.5
8.3
6.4
BLK21
0.2
7.3
9.2
8.8
7.3
7.1
7.5
8.6
7.2
TRIBUTARIES
BLKOS
36.7,2.1
6.3
10.2
6.9
5.9
5.8
7.1
6.9
5.9
BLK09
25.5,0.6
4.7
9.6
9.0
5.6
4.4
5.7
8.2
6.8
BLK09.1
7.3
8.7
7.7
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.5
7.6
BLK10
24.2,0.6
6.0
6.2
5.8
5.8
5.6
5.8
5.9
5.9
BLK14
17.4,0.8
6.9
7.5
7.8
6.6
6.8
7.2
7.7
6.8
BLK15
13.3,0.7
6.6
8.3
7.3
6.4
6.4
7.5
7.8
6.8
BLK16
13.1,1.1
6.4
6.1
6.4
5.6
5.6
5.8
5.8
5.1
to
a*
rs
ST
cf
* £
£ ^
? I
C/5 j\
R ^
3
K*,
^O
^o
-------
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (mg/1)
STATION
RIVER
MILE
OCTOBER 2
OCTOBER 3
400
1000
1600
2200
400
1000
1600
2200
BLK01
45.7
9.2
8.6
8.5
8.1
8.4
8.7
8.5
8.2
BLK02
43.9
8.0
7.9
7.9
7.7
7.6
8.1
7.7
7.6
BLK03
41.3
8.6
9.0
8.5
8.1
8.5
8.1
8.5
8.3
BLK04
39.8
9.1
9.2
8.8
8.8
8.8
9.0
8.8
8.9
BLK06
36.3
8.8
9.0
8.7
8.6
8.5
8.3
8.7
8.3
BLK07
31.9
8.4
8.1
8.8
8.1
7.6
8.3
8.1
8.0
BLK07.1
9.1
9.0
8.9
8.7
8.7
8.6
BLK08
27.8
8.2
8.7
8.3
7.9
7.6
8.0
8.0
7.1
BLK08.1
8.5
8.9
8.5
8.0
8.4
8.4
BLK11
23.2
8.7
9.0
8.6
8.4
8.2
9.0
8.4
8.3
BLK12
19.1
8.8
9.2
8.5
8.4
8.1
8.5
8.4
8.3
BLK13
16.6
8.7
8.7
8.8
8.5
8.0
8.7
8.3
8.3
BLK17
12.8
9.4
9.4
9.0
8.7
9.1
9.0
9.1
8.9
BLK18
9.9
9.6
9.5
9.4
9.3
9.3
9.2
9.1
9.2
BLK19
8.1
9.6
9.7
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.2
9.3
9.3
BLK20
3.7
9.2
9.6
9.1
8.9
9.0
9.0
8.8
8.8
BLK21
0.2
9.6
9.6
9.4
9.2
9.5
9.1
9.0
8.9
TRIBUTARIES
BLK05
36.7,2.1
9.2
9.4
9.4
8.9
9.1
9.3
8.8
8.6
BLK09
25.5,0.6
8.6
10.1
9.0
7.9
8.1
8.9
9.1
8.3
BLK09.1
9.3
9.4
8.9
8.7
8.9
9.2
9.1
9.0
BLK10
24.2,0.6
9.2
9.4
8.9
8.8
8.6
9.1
8.4
8.5
BLK14
17.4,0.8
9.3
9.4
9.1
9.2
8.9
9.2
9.2
9.2
BLK15
13.3,0.7
9.3
9.4
9.2
9.0
9.2
9.4
9.1
9.1
BLK16
13.1,1.1
7.8
7.7
7.7
7.5
7.1
7.2
7.0
7.3
to
5"
zr
&
s
*T
a3
C3-
£ <*
•5
-------
TEMPERATURE DATA (°C)
STATION
RIVER
JULY 10
JULY 11
MILE
400
1000
1600
2200
400
1000
1600
2200
BLK01
45.7
18.3
20.0
22.8
20.0
20.0
20.8
23.0
20.0
BLK02
43.9
19.7
21.6
22.8
20.0
19.4
21.6
23.0
21.0
BLK03
41.3
19.4
21.0
23.9
20.0
18.9
21.0
20.0
21.0
BLK04
39.8
19.4
20.0
23.9
21.0
19.4
20.8
23.0
22.2
BLK06
36.3
20.6
21.8
23.9
20.0
20.0
22.5
23.0
21.0
BLK07
31.9
22.8
23.9
24.4
21.0
21.6
23.6
25.0
23.3
BLK07.1
23.3
24.0
BLK08
27.8
20.6
23.3
26.6
20.0
20.0
23.6
27.0
22.8
BLKQ8.1
23.9
27.0
BLK11
23.2
21.0
23.9
23.3
20.0
20.6
23.9
23.0
22.2
BLK12
19.1
20.6
23.3
23.9
19.5
20.0
22.8
22.0
22.2
BLK13
16.6
21.0
23.9
23.9
19.5
20.6
23.3
23.0
22.8
BLK17
12.8
21.0
23.0
25.0
22.7
22.0
23.2
25.2
22.8
BLK18
9.9
22.0
23.5
25.0
22.9
22.0
.23.0
25.0
23.5
BLK19
8.1
22.0
23.8
25.0
23.7
23.0
24.0
25.0
23.1
BLK20
3.7
20.8
23.0
25.0
23.0
22.0
23.5
25.0
23.0
BLK21
0.2
22.1
23.7
25.0
22.5
22.3
24.0
25.3
21.6
TRIBUTARIES
BLK05
36.7,2.1
20.6
22.5
25.0
21.0
20.3
22.8
25.0
22.2
BLK09
25.5,0.6
21.0
22.8
25.0
20.0
20.6
23.3
25.0
22.8
BLK09.1
21.0
23.3
25.0
20.0
20.6
23.3
25.0
22.8
BLK10
24.2,0.6
18.9
22.8
23.0
19.0
18.9
22.0
23.0
21.0
BLK14
17.4,0.8
21.8
22.2
25.0
23.2
22.1
23.0
26.5
22.1
BLK15
13.3,0.7
20.6
23.2
25.0
22.8
21.5
24.0
26.2
22.5
BLK16
13.1,1.1
19.0
19.2
25.0
22.0
20.0
20.0
23.5
21.5
to
S"
n
??•
to
5"
a
a:
8
^ *
K*
^ I
5?*
^c>
VC
-------
V0
TEMPERATURE DATA (°C)
STATION
RIVER
MILE
AUGUST 14
AUGUST 15
400
1000
1600
2200
400
1000
1600
2200
BLK01
45.7
22.9
22.7
26.5
24.0
23.5
23.4
24.4
22.5
BLK02
43.9
22.4
23.9
24.1
24.0
23.0
23.6
24.3
24.0
BLK03
41.3
22.3
23.5
26.0
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.6
24.0
BLK04
39.8
22.4
23.8
26.3
24.0
23.5
24.0
24.0
24.0
BLK06
36.3
22.8
25.3
26.0
25.0
24.0
25.0
24.5
24.0
BLK07
31.9
24.2
29.0
28.4
25.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
24.5
BLK07.1
BLK08
27.8
22.8
27.1
25.8
25.0
24.5
25.0
25.0
24.0
BLK08.1
30.0
24.0
24.3
BLK11
23.2
23.4
31.0
25.0
25.0
24.5
25.0
24.6
24.5
BLK12
19.1
22.8
28.0
25.4
25.0
24.0
24.0
24.5
24.0
BLK13
16.6
23.5
28.6
25.3
25.0
24.0
25.0
25.0
25.0
BLK17
12.8
22.9
24.1
25.8
23.9
23.5
23.3
24.9
23.4
BLK18
9.9
24.0
24.9
26.4
24.2
24.3
24.0
24.8
23.9
BLK19
8.1
23.8
24.9
25.7
24.3
23.8
23.8
24.6
24.1
BLK20
3.7
23.9
24.9
25.6
24.2
23.0
23.4
24.8
24.1
BLK21
0.2
24.0
25.1
25.3
24.2
23.8
24.0
24.8
23.5
TRIBUTARIES
BLK05
36.7,2.1
23.6
24.6
26.5
24.0
24.0
24.0
24.8
24.0
BLK09
25.5,0.6
25.8
27.2
26.6
26.0
25.0
25.0
25.5
26.0
BLK09.1
24.0
26.5
26.6
26.0
25.0
25.0
25.3
24.5
BLK10
24.2,0.6
21.8
26.5
24.8
23.0
24.0
24.0
24.6
24.5
BLK14
17.4,0.8
23.2
24.2
27.3
24.9
24.5
24.0
25.8
24.3
BLK15
13.3,0.7
23.8
25.5
28.3
24.2
24.0
23.8
25.3
23.5
BLK16
13.1,1.1
20.5
20.8
23.8
22.5
21.2
20.5
22.1
21.1
to
S"
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2T
5"
a
So
««.
t:
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s:
s
G-
I
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V©
-------
TEMPERATURE DATA (°C)
STATION
RIVER
MILE
OCTOBER2
OCTOBER3
400
1000
1600
2200
400
1000
1600
2200
BLK01
45.7
15.0
16.0
18.0
18.0
16.0
16.0
17.0
16.0
BLK02
43.9
16.0
17.0
19.0
18.0
17.0
17.0
19.0
18.0
BLK03
41.3
16.0
18.0
19.0
18.0
17.0
17.0
18.5
18.0
BLK04
39.8
16.0
18.0
19.0
18.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
18.0
BLK06
36.3
15.0
19.0
18.0
17.0
16.0
16.0
17.0
17.0
BLK07
31.9
15.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
16.5
17.0
18.0
17.0
BLK07.1
15.0
16.0
18.0
16.5
17.0
17.0
BLK08
27.8
15.0
18.0
17.0
18.0
16.0
17.0
17.0
18.0
BLK08.1
15.0
18.0
17.0
16.0
17.0
17.5
BLK11
19.1
14.5
16.5
17.0
17.0
16.0
17.0
16.5
16.0
BLK12
16.6
14.5
17.0
17.0
17.0
15.5
16.0
16.0
16.0
BLK13
12.8
14.3
17.0
17.0
17.0
16.0
16.0
18.0
16.0
BLK17
9.9
15.7
17.0
17.3
17.3
17.0
18.4
18.5
17.5
BLK18
8.1
15.5
17.8
17.6
17.0
17.0
18.2
18.5
17.7
BLK19
3.7
15.1
19.2
17.0
17.1
16.7
18.0
18.2
17.6
BLK20
0.2
15.3
17.8
16.8
16.7
16.9
17.9
18.0
17.4
BLK21
13.0
16.0
19.4
17.2
16.8
16.8
17.9
18.3
17.7
TRIBUTARIES
BLK05
36.7,2.1
14.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
17.0
17.0
BLK09
25.5,0.6
14.5
18.0
17.0
16.0
15.5
16.0
17.0
17.0'
BLK09.1
14.5
18.0
18.0
16.0
15.5
16.0
17.0
16.0
BLK10
24.2,0.6
13.0
17.0
16.0
15.0
15.0
16.0
16.0
15.0
BLK14
17.4,0.8
16.0
17.1
17.3
16.8
18.0
18.3
17.1.
BLK15
13.3,0.7
15.7
17.3
17.3
16.4
16.4
17.5
18.0
17.0
BLK16
13.1,1.1
14.9
16.1
17.4
16.8
16.5
17.7
17.5
16.3
to
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-------
pH MEASUREMENTS (standard units)
STATION
RIVER
MILE
JULY 10
JULY 11
400
1000
1600
2200
400
1000
1600
2200
BLK01
45.7
7.0
7.2
7.2
7.0
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.1
BLK02
43.9
6.9
7.0
6.8
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.8
6.8
BLK03
41.3
6.9
7.4
7.3
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.5
7.2
BLK04
39.8
7.2
7.4
7.5
7.4
7.3
7.3
7.7
7.4
BLK06
36.3
7.2
7.6
8.4
7.3
7.2
7.4
7.9
1A
BLK07
31.9
7.2
7.4
8.0
7.8
7.3
7.8
9.1
7.5
BLK07.1
7.6
8.2
BLK08
27.8
7.1
8.1
8.6
7.2
7.1
7.9
9.4
7.4
BLK08.1
8.2
9.2
BLK11
23.2
7.2
8.8
7.6
7.5
6.8
8.1
8.6
7.5
BLK12
19.1
7.2
8.7
8.0
7.2
6.8
9.1
9.3
8.1
BLK13
16.6
7.4
8.6
8.0
8.4
7.4
9.2
9.4
8.9
BLK17
12.8
6.8
8.7
9.3
8.3
7.8
9.1
9.4
8.7
BLK18
9.9
7.2
7.9
8.2
7.8
7.3
7.9
8.1
7.6
BLK19
8.1
7.3
7.6
8.6
7.7
7.4
7.8
8.0
7.5
BLK20
3.7
7.0
7.0
7.5
7.3
7.0
7.6
8.3
7.2
BLK21
0.2
7.1
7.1
8.0
7.3
7.2
7.7
8.7
7.3
TRIBUTARIES
BLK05
36.7,2.1
7.1
7.5
7.2
7.2
7.1
7.2
7.2
7.2
BLK09
25.5,0.6
6.9
7.1
7.5
7.5
6.3
7.0
8.0
7.5
BLK09.1
7.0
7.5
7.1
7.6
6.5
7.1
7.7
7.4
BLK10
24.2,0.6
6.8
7.2
6.3
6.9
6.3
6.9
7.0
6.9
BLK14
17.4,0.8
6.5
6.7
6.7
6.9
7.0
7.4
7.5
6.8
BLK1S
13.3,0.7
6.8
6.5
7.3
7.2
7.0
7.4
7.6
7.3
BLK16
13.1,1.1
6.8
6.5
6.6
6.9
6.6
7.0
6.9
6.9
to
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zr
5
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5- *
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K>
hi
pH MEASUREMENTS (standard units)
* Meter Not Working
STATION
RIVER
AUGUST 14
AUGUST 15
MILE
400
1000
1600
2200
400
1000
1600
2200
BLK01
45.7
7.1
7.0
7.2
7.2
6.5
6.2
7.0
7.0
BLK02
43.9
6.9
6.9
6.8
7.0
7.0
6.4
6.8
6.9
BLK03
41.3
7.2
7.3
7.5
7.2
7.0
6.6
7.3
6.8
BLK04
39.8
7.4
7.3
7.3
7.6
7.0
6.6
7.1
6.7
BLK06
36.3
7.2
7.5
7.3
7.5
7.5
6.2
6.5
6.9
BLK07
31.9
7.2
8.0
9.1
•
6.5
6.2
6.5
7.0
BLK07.1
BLK08
27.8
7.1
7.7
8.4
. *
7.0
5.8
6.6
7.0
BLK08.1
7.6
5.9
BLK11
23.2
7.1
7.6
7.4
*
6.5
5.2
5.9
6.5
BLK12
19.1
7.1
8.0
8.0
•
6.5
5.2
6.5
6.4
BLK13
16.6
7.2
8.0
8.0
*
6.5
5.5
6.2
6.9
BLK17
12.8
7.4
7.8
8.7
7.4
7.3
7.6
8.4
7.3
BLK18
9.9
7.2
7.2
7.5
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
BLK19
8.1
7.3
7.5
7.6
7.3
7.2
7.3
7.3
7.3
BLK20
3.7
7.2
7.5
7.6
7.1
6.9
7.0
7.3
7.0
BLK21
0.2
7.3
7.9
8.3
7.4
7.3
7.3
7.7
7.2
TRIBUTARIES
BLK05
36.7,2.1
7.2
7.3
7.1
7.3
7.0
6.2
7.3
6.7
BLK09
25.5,0.6
6.7
7.3
7.8
*
7.0
5.7
6.1
6.4
BLK09.1
7.0
7.4
7.5
•
7.0
5.5
6.0
6.4
BLK10
24.2,0.6
6.8
.. 6.9
6.9
«
6.5
6.6
5.4
6.4
BLK14
17.4,0.8
7.0
7.2
7.3
7.1
7.0
7.1
7.3
7.1
BLK15
13.3,0.7
7.2
7.4
7.7
7.1
7.0
7.2
7.6
7.2
BLK16
13.1,1.1
6.8
6.8
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.7
bo
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-------
pH MEASUREMENTS (standard units)
STATION
RIVER
MILE
OCTOBER2
OCTOBER3
400
1000
1600
2200
400
1000
1600
2200
BLK01
45.7
7.1
7.4
7.3
7.1
7.0
7.1
6.7
7.1
BLK02
43.9
7.0
7.1
6.6
6.9
6.9
7.0
6.6
7.1
BLK03
41.3
7.3
7.4
7.1
7.2
7.2
7.3
6.9
7.3
BLK04
39.8
7.4
7.5
7.2
7.4
7.4
7.5
7.2
7.2
BLK06
36.3
7.2
7.3
7.1
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.1
7.2
BLK07
31.9
7.2
7.1
7.0
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
6.2
BLK07.1
7.2
7.4
7.1
7.4
7.4
7.3
BLK08
27.8
7.2
7.1
6.8
7.1
7.2
7.2
7.2
6.2
BLK08.1
7.3
7.1
6.9
7.2
7.2
7.3
BLK11
23.2
7.1
7.2
6-6
7.0
7.1
7.1
6.9
7.2
BLK12
19.1
7.4
7.2
6.7
7.1
7.1
7.2
7.0
7.5
BLK13
16.6
7.2
7.2
6.7
7.0
7.1
7.1
6.9
7.4
BLK17
12.8
7.1
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.1
7.2
7.2
7.1
BLK18
9.9
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.1
BLK19
8.1
7.2
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.3
7.2
7.3
BLK20
3.7
7.1
7.2
7.2
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.1
BLK21
0.2-
7.1
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.2
7.1
TRIBUTARIES
BLK05
36.7,2.1
7.3
7.4
7.1
7.3
7.4
7.4
7.0
7.2
BLK09
25.5,0.6
6.9
7.1
6.8
6.8
7.2
7.0
6.7
6.7
BLK09.1
7.2
7.2
6.8
8.7
7.2
7.1
6.6
6.7
BLK10
24.2,0.6
6.8
6.9
6.4
6.6
6.8
6.7
6.5
7.0
BLK14
17.4,0.8
6.8
6.8
6.9
6.8
6.8
6.9
6.9
6.8
BLK15
13.3,0.7
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.0
7.0
7.3
7.1
7.0
BLK16
13.1,1.1
6.7
6.8
6.7
6.7
6.7
6.8
6.7
6.7
to
ft*
2T
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* S
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ki
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v©
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-------
Table 1-12
Blackstone River Survey 1991
FECAL COLIFORMS/100ml
STATION
RIVER MILE
JULY 10
AUGUST 14
OCTOBER 2
BLK01
45.7
1800
4180
3500
BLK02
43.9
20
0
20
BLK03
41.3
580
1060
20
BLK04
39.8
2300
760
300
BLK06
36.3
900
320
120
BLK07
31.9
100
80
320
BLK08
27.8
120
320
160
BLK11
23.2
80
80
140
BLK12
19.1
80
20
120
BLK13
16.6
100
80
40
BLK17
12.8
400
150
360
BLK18
9.9
20
60
240
BLK19
8.1
120
60
140
BLK20
3.7
200
20
60
BLK21
0.2
560
140
140
TRIBUTAR
IES
BLK05
36.7,2.1
40
40
40
BLK09
25.5,0.6
300
120
20
BLK10
24.2,0.6
80
80
80
BLK14
17.4,0.8
160
220
460
BLK15
13.3,0.7
20
80
120
BLK16
13.1,1.1
380
1060
260
1-24
-------
AVERAGE VALUES FOR CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM, & HARDNESS
JULY 1
0&11
AUGUST 14 & 15
OCTOBER 2& 3
JU
LY& AUGUST
STATION
RIVER MILE
Ca
Mg
HARDNESS
Ca
Mg
HARDNESS
Ca
Mg
HARDNESS
Ca
Mg
HARDNESS
BLK01
45.7
23.2
3.9
74.0
21.7
18
65.4
14.4
19
48.0
214
3.3
69.1
BLK02
43.9
19.2
3.6
616
17.1
3.0
55.2
16.1
3.4
53.9
l&l
3.3
58.9
BLK03
41.3
17.0
3.4
56.6
17.0
3.1
55.2
15.4
3.5
519
17.0
3.3
55.9
BLK04
39.8
19.4
3.4
616
16.7
3.1
54.3
14.8
3.0
49.3
18.1
3.2
58.5
BLK06
36.3
17.5
3.2
56.9
15.7
3.0
51.3
14.1
19
46.9
16.6
3.1
54.1
BLK07
31.9
15.9
3.2
516
14.9
16
48.0
13.3
18
44.6
15.4
19
50.3
BLK08
27.8
15.3
3.1
51.1
13.4
15
43.8
118
3.2
45.1
14.4
18
47.5
BLK11
' 23.2
119
17
43.2
11.0
10
35.6
9.6
15
34.1
110
13
39.4
BLK12
19.1
12.8
16
414
10.8
1.9
34.5
9.4
13
319
11.8
12
38.5 '
BLK13
16.6
11.5
13
38.2
9.3
1.7
30.2
9.3
11
31.6
10.4
10
34.2
BLK17
12.8
11.5
13
38.1
9.0
1.8
29.6
8.0
1.8
27.6
10.2
10
33.8
BLK18
9.9
11.8
13
38.9
10.0
1.9
317
7.5
14
28.7
10.9
11
35.8
BLK19
8.1
11.7
14
39.0
10.8
11
35.4
8.2
11
29.0
11.2
12
37.2
BLK20
3.7
11.9
15
39.8
11.8
12
38.7
8.6
1.9
29.4
11.9
13
39.3
BLK21
0.2
113
15
41.0
11.5
12
37.6
8.2
15
30.7
11.9
13
39.3
TRIBUTARIES
BLK05
36.7,2.1
15.0
18
49.2
13.3
17
44.2
11.7
15
39.6
14.1
18
46.7
BLK09
25.5,0.6
5.3
1.2
18.2
5.0
1.1
16.8
3.4
1.3
13.8
5.1
1.1
17.5
BLK10
24.2,0.6
6.1
1.3
20.7
5.4
1.2
ia4
4.2
1.8
18.0
5.7
1.3
19.6
BLK14
17.4,0.8
3.9
1.1
14.2
5.0
1.0
16.9
15
0.9
10.0
4.5
1.1
15.5
BLK15
13.3,0.7
6.8
1.6
23.3
6.2
1.4
21.2
5.0
1.9
20.2
6.5
1.5
213
BLK16
13.1,1.1
9.9
12
33.9
8.3
1.9
28.4
7.5
16
29.4
9.1
11
31.1
-------
TOTAL METALS, ug/l
COPPER, CADMIUM, LEAD, NICKEL, CHROMIUM
DAILY AVERAGE VALUES FOR JULY 10 AND AUGUST 14
COPPER
CADN
IUM
LEAD
NICKEL
CHRO
MIUM
STATION
RIVER MILE
JULY 10
AUG 14
JULY 10
AUG 14
JULY 10
AUG 14
JULY 10
AUG 14
JULY 10
AUG 14
BLK01
45.7
9.3
9.8
0.36
0.33
4.4
21.1
5.2
7.7
3.8
11.2
BLK02
43.9
36.5
25.1
3.62
4.16
3.0
8.5
28.3
41.9
4.9
6.4
BLK03
41.3
31.8
26.1
2.59
3.51
2.7
10.2
23.3
37.0
3.3
4.9
BLK04
39.8
27.2
24.8
2.03
2.90
5.2
6.9
17.0
33.8
3.4
4.0
BLK06
36.3
22.2
24.6
1.10
1.86
48.1
13.6
10.9
24.8
3.6
3.9
BLK07
31.9
21.6
17.9
0.87
0.98
100.5
15.8
8.8
19.7
4.9
4.1
BLK08
27.8
34.4
27.0
1.42
1.81
19.5
25.5
10.4
18.3
14.9
10.6
BLK11
23.2
22.5
16.3
1.16
1.00
27.6
14.3
7.0
11.5
8.1
5.5
BLK12
19.1
10.9
12.4
0.53
1.50
8.4
11.2
6.0
11.2
2.3
3.2
BLK13
16.6
10.3
10.3
0.68
0.71
14.2
16.0
6.2
8.3
3.0
2.8
BLK17
12.8
9.9
9.5
0.52
0.48
4.2
6.4
7.1
7.0
1.3
1.9
BLK18
9.9
8.9
9.9
0.56
1.01
3.8
5.7
4.9
9.0
1.9
4.4
BLK19
8.1
7.6
8.0
0.41
0.60
2.3
5.9
4.5
9.4
1.2
2.1
BLK20
3.7
7.3
7.8
0.31
0.45
1.7
3.0
4.5
10.0
1.1
2.2
BLK21
0.2
7.6
7.9
0.33
0.43
3.6
3.5
4.5
10.6
1.2
1.5
TRIBUTAR
m
CD
BLK05
36.7,2.1
2.4
2.4
0.17
0.12
1.9
5.3
0.7
1.5
0.2
0.9
BLK09
25.5,0.6
7.3
1.9
0.13
0.16
3.8
3.3
1.1
0.8
0.9
1.5
BLK10
24.2,0.6
13.9
2.7
0.70
0.18
9.7
3.5
3.2
0.6
1.2
1.0
BLK14
17.4,0.8
5.8
3.3
0.10
0.26
7.0
2.6
1.2
0.8
0.5
1.0
BLK15
13.3,0.7
3.8
3.7
0.08
0.18
1.2
14.0
1.0
0.-7
0.3
0.5
BLK16
13.1,1.1
16.8
2.5
0.45
0.15
8.5
4.2
4.1
0.3
0.9
0.6
-------
DISSOLVED METALS, ug/l
COPPER, CADMIUM, LEAD, NICKEL, CHROMIUM
DAILY AVERAGE VALUES FOR JULY 10 AND AUGUST 14
COPPER
CADMIUM
LEAD
NICKEL
CHRO
MIUM
STATION
RIVER MILE
JULY 10
AUG 14
JULY 10
AUG 14
JULY 10
AUG 14
JULY 10
AUG 14
JULY 10
AUG 14
BLK01
45.7
3.1
6.7
0.06
0.25
1.1
3.9
3.5
7.1
1.2
6.2
BLK02
43.9
29.4
21.9
3.07
3.77
1.2
5.8
25.3
40.0
2.9
5.6
BLK03
41.3
22.9
21.5
2.02
3.11
1.0
7.1
20.2
33.0
2.3
3.5
BLK04
39.8
19.9
21.1
1.26
2.43
0.7
4.0
14.6
30.0
2.1
2.7
BLK06
36.3
15.2
19.3
0.67
1.68
26.3
9.0
8.9
24.0
1.4
2.0
BLK07
31.9
12.9
11.5
0.48
0.80
4.3
10.7
7.1
18.5
1.4
1.7
BLK08
27.8
8.3
14.9
0.18
1.26
2.5
14.5
6.2
17.1
1.4
2.7
BLK11
23.2
6.9
7.8
0.29
0.66
3.0
8.7
5.4
9.9
1.1
1.6
BLK12
19.1
6.3
8.3
0.21
0.73
3.1
6.7
4.5
9.3
1.1
1.2
BLK13
16.6
4.8
5.8
0.15
0.55
1.4
12.9
4.4
7.2
0.7
1.2
BLK17
12.8
4.1
4.3
0.19
0.27
0.9
1.7
3.9
4.7
0.6
0.8
BLK18
9.9
6.4
8.2
0.27
0.75
0.7
3.2
4.0
7.4
1.1
2.5
BLK19
8.1
4.8
5.4
0.16
0.57
0.4
3.2
4.2
8.9
0.8
1.0
BLK20
3.7
3.9
4.9
0.14
0.30
1.0
1.3
3.6
8.9
0.4
0.8
BLK21
0.2
4.0
4.5
0.09
0.28
0.7
1.5
2.9
7.8
0.7
0.8
TRIBUTAR
rn
co
i
j
BLK05
36.7,2.1
1.1
0.8
0.12
0.10
0.7
2.9
0.6
0.7
0.4
0.3
BLK09
25.5,0.6
0.2
0.5
0.05
0.12
0.7
2.2
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.6
BLK10
24.2,0.6
0.5
1.7
0.05
0.13
1.2
2.9
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.6
BLK14
17.4,0.8
1.2
1.8
0.05
0.15
5.9
1.1
0.8
0.7
0.3
0.6
BLK15
13.3,0.7
1.4
0.6
0.06
0.04
0.8
0.5
0.7
0.4
0.2
0.2
BLK16
13.1,1.1
5.5
1.9
0.18
0.13
3.0
2.1
1.5
0.3.
0.2
0.3
-------
TOTAL & DISSOLVED CADMIUM CONCENTRATIONS AND LOADINGS
AVG FLOW
JULY10 & AUG14
AVERAGE JULY 10 & AUGUST 14
FLOW
OCT 2
OCTOBER2
(ug/l)
(pounds/day)
(ug/l)
(pounds/day)
STATION
RIVER MILE
(cfs)
TOTAL
DISS.
TOTAL
DISS.
(cfs)
TOTAL
DISS.
TOTAL
DISS.
BLK01
45.7
13.8
0.34
0.15
0.03
0.01
69.1
0.29
0.16
0.11
0.06
BLK02
43.9
58.4
3.89
3.42
1.22
1.08
133.3
1.97
1.65
1.41
1.18
BLK03
41.3
61.5
3.05
2.57
1.01
0.85
145.5
2.61
2.06
2.04
1.61
BLK04
39.8
63.8
2.46
1.84
0.85
0.63
153.6
1.77
1.12
1.47
0.93
BLK06
36.3
75.2
1.48
1.18
0.60
0.48
228.2
1.69
0.71
2.08
0.87
BLK07
31.9
77.9
0.92
0.64
0.39
0.27
236.0
1.17
0.84
1.49
1.07
BLK08
27.8
80.3
1.62
0.72
0.70
0.31
243.1
1.45
0.96
1.90
1.25
BLK11
23.2
106.3
1.08
0.48
0.62
0.27
484.3
1.29
0.71
3.36
1.86
BLK12
19.1
108.1
1.01
0.47
0.59
0.27
500.0
1.17
0.63
3.15
1.70
BLK13
16.6
137.3
0.69
0.35
0.51
0.26
607.8
1.12
0.58
3.67
1.88
BLK17
12.8
148.6
0.50
0.23
0.40
0.18
655.0
0.69
0.49
2.42
1.72
BLK18
9.9
179.5
0.79
0.51
0.76
0.49
679.7
0.71
0.32
2.60
1.18
BLK19
8.1
180.3
0.50
0.37
0.49
0.35
682.8
0.55
0.34
2.01
1.23
BLK20
3.7
182.4
0.38
0.22
0.37
0.22
691.6
0.50
0.35
1.87
1.30
BLK21
0.2
189.6
0.38
0.19
0.38
0.19
721.8
0.49
0.25
1.89
0.98
TRIBUTAR
IES
BLK05
36.7,2.1
7.9
0.14
0.11
0.006
0.005
60.5
0.06
0.05
0.020
0.016
BLK09
25.5,0.6
17.5
0.14
0.09
0.013
0.008
141.5
0.11
0.05
0.084
0.038
BLK10
24.2,0.6
7.8
0.44
0.09
0.018
0.004
93.1
0.10
0.07
0.050
0.035
BLK14
17.4,0.8
28.3
0.18
0.10
0.027
0.015
104
0.08
0.06
0.045
0.034
BLK15
13.3,0.7
7.0
0.13
0.05
0.005
0.002
29.2
0.05
0.02
0.008
0.003
BLK16
13.1,1.1
2.5
0.30
0.15
0.004
0.002
10.4
0.08
0.07
0.004
0.004
-------
TOTAL & DISSOLVED CHROMIUM CONCENTRATIONS AND LOADINGS
AVG FLOW
JULY10& AUG14
AVERAGE JULY 10 & AUG 14
FLOW
OCT 2
OCTOBER 2
(ug/
)
(pounds/day)
(ug/
)
(pounds/day)
STATION
RIVER MILE
(Cfs)
TOTAL
DISS.
TOTAL
DISS.
(cfs)
TOTAL
DISS.
TOTAL
DISS.
BLK01
45.7
13.8
7.5
3.7
0.56
0.28
69.1
3.9
1.6
1.4
0.6
BLK02
43.9
58.4
5.6
4.2
1.77
1.33
133.3
3.2
1.6
2.3
1.1
BLK03
41.3
61.5
4.1
2.9
1.36
0.96
145.5
3.2
1.4
2.5
1.1
BLK04
39.8
63.8
3.7
2.4
1.27
0.83
153.6
2.6
1.0
2.2
0.8
BLK06
36.3
75.2
3.8
1.7
1.52
0.68
228.2
2.3
0.6
2.9
0.8
BLK07
31.9
77.9
4.5
1.5
1.87
0.64
236.0
3.1
1.2
4.0
1.5
BLK08
27.8
80.3
12.8
2.1
5.53
0.89
243.1
4.1
1.1
5.3
1.5
BLK11
23.2
106.3
6.8
1.4
3.90
0.79
484.3
4.9
1.5
12.8
3.9
BLK12
19.1
108.1
2.7
1.1
1.60
0.66
500.0
4.7
1.1
12.7
3.0
BLK13
16.6
137.3
2.9
0.9
2.12
0.69
607.8
6.4
1.0
21.0
3.1
BLK17
12.8
148.6
1.6
0.7
1.29
0.55
655.0
3.2
1.0
11.2
3.4
BLK18
9.9
179.5
3.1
1.8
3.04
1.72
679.7
3.1
0.7
11.4
2.7
BLK19
8.1
180.3
1.6
0.9
1.57
0.85
682.8
2.6
0.7
9.6
2.6
BLK20
3.7
182.4
1.6
0.6
1.59
0.59
691.6
2.6
0.8
9.5
2.9
BLK21
0.2
189.6
1.3
0.7
1.37
0.73
721.8
2.4
1.0
9.3
3.9
TRIBUTAR
IES
BLK05
36.7,2.1
7.9
0.6
0.3
0.024
0.014
60.5
0.2
0.2
0.07
0.07
BLK09
25.5,0.6
17.5
1.2
0.5
0.113
0.045
141.5
1.0
0.4
0.75
0.29
BLK10
24.2,0.6
7.8
1.1
0.4
0.046
0.017
93.1
0.4
0.3
0.19
0.15
BLK14
17.4,0.8
28.3
0.8
0.5
0.119
0.073
104
0.6
0.3
0.34
0.16
BLK15
13.3,0.7
7.0
0.4
0.2
0.015
0.008
29.2
0.3
0.2
0.04
0.03
BLK16
13.1,1.1
2.5
0.7
0.3
0.010
0.003
10.4
0.3
0.2
0.02
0.01
-------
TOTAL & DISSOLVED COPPER CONCENTRATIONS AND LOADINGS
AVG FLOW
JULY10& AUG14
AVERAGE JULY 10 & AUGUST 14
FLOW
OCT 2
OCTOBER 2
(ug/0
(pounds/day)
(ug/l)
(pounds/day)
STATION
RIVER MILE
(cfs)
TOTAL
DISS.
TOTAL
DISS.
(cfs)
TOTAL
DISS.
TOTAL
DISS.
BLK01
45.7
13.8
9.6
4.9
0.7
0.4
69.1
9.0
5.4
3.4
2.0
BLK02
43.9
58.4
30.8
25.7
9.7
8.1
133.3
15.3
12.8
11.0
9.2
BLK03
41.3
61.5
28.9
22.2
9.6
7.4
145.5
16.1
11.9
12.6
9.3
BLK04
39.8
63.8
26.0
20.5
8.9
7.1
153.6
14.7
11.8
12.1
9.8
BLK06
36.3
75.2
23.4
17.3
9.5
7.0
228.2
13.8
9.3
16.9
11.4
BLK07
31.9
77.9
19.8
12.2
8.3
5.1
236.0
14.7
10.4
18.7
13.2
BLK08
27.8
80.3
30.7
11.6
13.3
5.0
243.1
17.1
10.7
22.4
14.0
BLK11
23.2
106.3
19.4
7.4
11.1
4.2
484.3
17.6
7.8
46.0
20.4
BLK12
19.1
108.1
11.7
7.3
6.8
4.2
500.0
13.9
7.4
37.5
20.0
BLK13
16.6
137.3
10.3
5.3
7.6
3.9
607.8
14.5
6.5
47.5
21.2
BLK17
12.8
148.6
9.7
4.2
7.8 -
3.4
655.0
8.4
4.4
29.7
15.5
BLK18
9.9
179.5
9.4
7.3
9.1
7.1
679.7
9.9
9.0
36.1
32.9
BLK19
8.1
180.3
7.8
5.1
7.6
4.9
682.8
8.5
6.4
31.3
23.4
BLK20
3.7
182.4
7.5
4.4
7.4
4.3
691.6
7.9
5.4
29.5
19.9
BLK21
0.2
189.6
7.8
4.2
7.9
4.3
721.8
8.7
5.2
33.7
20.3
TRIBUTAR
IES
BLK05
36.7,2.1
7.9
2.4
1.0
0.10
0.04
60.5
1.7
1.4
0.6
0.5
BLK09
25.5,0.6
17.5
4.6
0.3
0.43
0.03
141.5
3.9
1.7
2.9
1.3
BLK10
24.2,0.6
7.8
8.3
1.1
0.35
0.05
93.1
3.7
1.6
1.9
0.8
BLK14
17.4,0.8
28.3
4.5
1.5
0.69
0.23
104
3.6
2.9
2.0
1.6
BLK15
13.3,0.7
7.0
3.7
1.0
0.14
0.04
29.2
3.5
1.6
0.6
0.2
BLK16
13.1,1.1
2.5
9.6
3.7
0.13
0.05
10.4
2.7
2.0
0.2
0.1
-------
TOTAL AND DISSOLVED LEAD CONCENTRATIONS AND LOADINGS
AVG FLOW
JULY10& AUG14
AVERAGE JULY 10 & AUGUST 14
FLOW
OCT 2
OCTOBER 2
(ug/i)
(pounds/day)
(ug/l)
(pounds/day)
STATION
RIVER MILE
(cfs)
TOTAL
DISS.
TOTAL
DISS.
(cfs)
TOTAL
DISS.
TOTAL
DISS.
BLK01
45.7
13.8
12.7
2.5
0.9
0.2
69.1
5.1
1.4
1.9
0.5
BLK02
43.9
58.4
5.7
3.5
1.8
1.1
133.3
3.7
1.7
2.6
1.2
BLK03
41.3
61.5
6.4
4.0
2.1
1.3
145.5
5.0
0.9
3.9
0.7
BLK04
39.8
63.8
6.1
2.4
2.1
0.8
153.6
4.2
2.0
3.4
1.7
BLK06
36.3
75.2
30.8
17.6
12.5
7.1
228.2
14.0
4.3
17.2
5.3
BLK07
31.9
77.9
58.1
7.5
24.4
3.2
236.0
8.1
3.8
10.3
4.8
BLK08
27.8
80.3
22.5
8.5
9.7
3.7
243.1
9.9
3.7
13.0
4.8
BLK11
23.2
106.3
20.9
5.8
12.0
3.3
484.3
9.8
3.1
25.5
8.0
BLK12
19.1
108.1
9.8
4.9
5.7
2.9
500.0
9.2
4.0
24.7
10.8
BLK13
16.6
137.3
15.1
7.2
11.2
5.3
607.8
9.8
2.5
32.1
8.2
BLK17
12.8
148.6
5.3
1.3
4.2
1.0
655.0
9.3
3.5
32.7
12.4
BLK18
9.9
179.5
4.7
1.9
4.6
1.9
679.7
12.7
5.3
46.3
19.4
BLK19
8.1
180.3
4.1
1.8
4.0
1.7
682.8
4.4
1.6
16.0
5.7
BLK20
3.7
182.4
2.4
1.1
2.3
1.1
691.6
4.4
1.5
16.4
5.5
BLK21
0.2
189.6
3.5
1.1
3.6
1.1
721.8
3.9
1.6
15.3
6.1
TRIBUTAR
IES
BLK05
36.7,2.1
7.9
3.6
1.8
0.15
0.08
60.5
1.4
0.7
0.44
0.23
BLK09
25.5,0.6
17.5
3.6
1.4
0.33
0.13
141.5
4.2
1.3
3.19
0.98
BLK10
24.2,0.6
7.8
6.6
2.1
0.28
0.09
93.1
3.3
1.5
1.65
0.74
BLK14
17.4,0.8
28.3
4.8
3.5
0.73
0.54
104
2.9
2.0
1.60
1.14
BLK15
13.3,0.7
7.0
7,6
0.6
0.29
0.02
29.2
2.0
1.1
0.31
0.17
BLK16
13.1,1.1
2.5
6.4
2.5
0.09
0.03
10.4
3.0
1.4
0.17
0.08
-------
TOTAL AND DISSOLVED NICKEL CONCENTRATIONS AND LOADINGS
AVG FLOW
JULY10& AUG14
AVERAGE JULY 10 & AUGUST 14
FLOW
OCT 2
OCTOBER 2
(ug/l)
(pounds/day)
(ug/i)
(pounds/day)
STATION
RIVER MILE
(cfs)
TOTAL
DISS.
TOTAL
DISS.
(cfs)
TOTAL
DISS.
TOTAL
DISS.
BLK01
45.7
13.8
6.4
5.3
0.5
0.4
69.1
4.4
3.5
1.6
1.3
BLK02
43.9
58.4
35.1
32.7
11.0
10.3
133.3
11.8
10.4
8.5
7.5
BLK03
41.3
61.5
30.1
26.6
10.0
8.8
145.5
11.3
10.1
8.9
7.9
BLK04
39.8
63.8
25.4
22.3
8.7
7.7
153.6
10.8
9.3
8.9
7.7
BLK06
36.3
75.2
17.9
16.4
7.2
6.7
228.2
8.7
6.9
10.7
8.5
BLK07
31.9
77.9
14.2
12.8
6.0
5.4
236.0
8.5
7.6
10.8
9.7
BLK08
27.8
80.3
14.3
11.6
6.2
5.0
243.1
8.1
6.9
10.6
9.1
BLK11
23.2
106.3
9.2
7.6
5.3
4.4
484.3
7.7
5.4
20.2
14.2
BLK12
19.1
108.1
8.6
6.9
5.0
4.0
500.0
6.7
5.2
18.0
14.0
BLK13
16.6
137.3
7.2
5.8
5.3
4.3
607.8
6.7
4.9
21.9
16.0
BLK17
12.8
148.6
7.0
4.3
5.6
3.5
655.0
6.9
6.0
24.3
21.3
BLK18
9.9
179.5
7.0
5.7
6.7
5.5
679.7
6.3
5.2
23.2
18.9
BLK19
8.1
180.3
7.0
6.5
6.8
6.4
682.8
5.7
5.2
21.1
19.2
BLK20
3.7
182.4
7.2
6.2
7.1
6.1
691.6
6.2
6.2
23.2
23.2
BLK21
0.2
189.6
7.6
5.4
7.7
5.5
721.8
6.3
5.4
24.3
20.8
TRIBUTAR
m
CO
BLK05
36.7,2.1
7.9
1.1
0.6
0.05
0.03
60.5
0.9
1.0
0.28
0.31
BLK09
25.5,0.6
17.5
1.0
0.3
0.09
0.02
141.5
2.0
0.6
1.51
0.42
BLK10
24.2,0.6
7.8
1.9
0.3
0.08
0.01
93.1
0.8
0.4
0.39
0.20
BLK14
17.4,0.8
28.3
1.0
0.7
0.15
0.11
104
2.4
1.9
1.35
1.08
BLK15
13.3,0.7
7.0
0.8
0.5
0.03
0.02
29.2
2.8
1.9
0.45
0.30
BLK16
13.1,1.1
2.5
2.2
0.9
0.03
0.01
10.4
2.3
1.6
0.13
0.09
-------
AMMONIA, NITRATE, TKN & BOD (mg/l)
DAILY AVERAGE VALUES FOR JULY 10 AND AUGUST 14
NH3
N03
TKN
BOD
STATION
RIVER MILE
JULY 10
AUG 14
JULY 10
AUG 14
JULY 10
AUG 14
JULY 10
AUG 14
BLK01
45.7
0.20
0.52
0.65
0.75
0.8
1.1
0.9
1.8
BLK02
43.9
0.36
0.60
3.01
3.87
1.2
1.2
1.5
2.1
BLK03
41.3
0.20
0.62
3.93
4.18
1.1
1.2
0.9
2.0
BLK04
39.8
0.32
0.72
4.38
3.96
0.9
1.2
1.0
1.7
BLK06
36.3
0.13
0.63
2.48
3.43
0.9
1.1
1.0
1.8
BLK07
31.9
0.13
0.49
3.23
3.46
0.9
1.0
1.8
1.9
BLK08
27.8
0.11
0.31
2.64
3.45
0.9
1.0
2.2
2.3
BLK11
23.2
0.06
0.29
1.91
1.52
0.8
1.0
2.5
1.7
BLK12
19.1
0.05
0.28
1.68
2.46
0.9
1.0
2.8
1.7
BLK13
16.6
0.06
0.27
1.57
1.28
0.8
1.0
2.1
1.7
BLK17
12.8
0.06
0.12
1.06
0.89
0.8
1.0
2.3
1.9
BLK18
9.9
1.16
0.77
1.32
2.19
1.5
1.1
2.7
2.3
BLK19
8.1
0.85
0.67
1.49
1.73
1.4
1.0
3.0
2.6
BLK20
3.7
0.48
0.33
1.76
2.01
0.8
1.0
1.6
2.1
BLK21
0.2
0.31
0.41
1.87
1.86
0.8
1.0
1.8
2.3
TRIBUTAR
IES
BLK05
36.7,2.1
0.06
0.23
1.12
0.10
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.3
BLK09
25.5,0.6
0.05
0.22
0.91
0.68
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.3
BLK10
24.2,0.6
0.05
0.25
0.11
0.32
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.3
BLK14
17.4,0.8
0.10
0.28
0.19
0.52
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.5
BLK15
13.3,0.7
0.05
0.25
0.32
0.39
1.0
1.0
1.3
1.9
BLK16
13.1,1.1
0.27
0.21
0.78
0.71
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.3
-------
PHOSPHORUS, CHLORIDE, TSS, & TVS (mg/l) & CHLOROPHYLL (ug/l)
DAILY AVERAGE VALUES FOR JULY 10 AND AUGUST 14
PHOSPHORUS
CHLOF
OPHYLL
CHLO
RIDE
TSS
TVS
STATION
RIVER MILE
JULY 10
AUG 14
JULY 10
AUG 14
JULY 10
AUG 14
JULY 10
AUG 14
JULY 10
AUG 14
BLK01
45.7
0.02
0.03
1.9
2.5
123
107
2.2
3.5
1.0
1.8
BLK02
43.9
0.79
1.10
2.0
1.0
106
101
3.9
3.1
2.4
2.0
BLK03
41.3
0.94
1.05
2.2
1.0
100
101
1.1
1.3
0.8
0.8
BLK04
39.8
0.81
0.97
1.5
1.0
99
97
1.5
2.0
0.7
1.3
BLK06
36.3
0.61
0.63
3.5
3.4
83
88
3.9
2.4
1.4
1.3
BLK07
31.9
0.56
0.28
14.1
7.2
77
98
6.1
6.4
2.8
3.2
BLK08
27.8
0.47
0.13
18.8
17.7
75
90
11.6
9.1
4.4
3.4
BLK11
23.2
0.23
0.05
15.9
6.0
68
58
10.5
4.4
4.3
2.3
BLK12
19.1
0.24
0.08
17.0
5.8
68
55
6.7
3.8
3.5
2.1
BLK13
16.6
0.26
0.05
19.2
10.5
58
47
7.2
4.8
3.5
3.0
BLK17
12.8
0.11
0.09
13.1
12.1
55
93
7.4
4.2
4.0
2.4
BLK18
9.9
0.17
0.54
22.3
7.6
73
58
5.8
4.0
2.8
2.5
BLK19
8.1
0.18
0.19
22.7
8.2
68
59
6.9
4.9
3.8
3.0
BLK20
3.7
0.15
0.18
8.4
9.3
56
64
3.9
4.9
2.1
2.3
BLK21
0.2
0.11
0.15
12.2
13.7
60
58
5.5
6.2
2.8
4.0
TRIBUTAR
IES
BLK05
36.7,2.1
0.06
0.03
NS
1.5
68
71
0.8
1.3
0.7
0.8
BLK09
25.5,0.6
0.16
0.03
NS
1.5
20
18
1.7
1.5
0.9
1.0
BLK10
24.2,0.6
0.05
0.04
NS
1.5
43
44
1.9
1.5
1.0
0.7
BLK14
17.4,0.8
0.06
0.04
NS
2.4
22
28
1.4
3.1
0.8
2.1
BLK15
13.3,0.7
0.04
0.04
NS
4.6
23
27
2.7
4.8
1.1
3.4
BLK16
13.1,1.1
0.03
0.03
3.6
2.6
37
36
5.3
5.0
2.0
2.4
NS=no sample
-------
AMMONIA & NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS AND LOADINGS
AVG FLOW
JULY10& AUG14
AVERAGE JULY 10 & AUG 14
FLOW
OCT 2
OCTOBER 2
(mg/l)
(pounds/day)
(mg/l)
(pound
s/day)
STATION
RIVER MILE
(cfs)
NH3
N03
NH3
N03
(Cfs)
NH3
N03
NH3
N03
BLK01
45.7
13.8
0.36
0.70
26
52
69.1
0.15
1.18
54
440
BLK02
43.9
58.4
0.48
3.44
150
1082
133.3
0.39
1.93
278
1388
BLK03
41.3
61.5
0.41
4.05
135
1343
145.5
0.28
1.64
216
1282
BLK04
39.8
63.8
0.52
4.17
179
1434
153.6
0.29
1.53
240
1267
BLK06
36.3
75.2
0.38
2.89
154
1172
228.2
0.23
1.14
277
1405
BLK07
31.9
77.9
0.31
3.34
129
1403
236.0
0.21
1.16
267
1479
BLK08
27.8
80.3
0.21
2.70
90
1168
243.1
0.15
0.67
200
881
BLK11
23.2
106.3
0.18
1.71
100
980
484.3
0.09
0.95
228
2467
BLK12
19.1
108.1
0.16
2.07
95
1205
500.0
0.10
1.46
276
3921
BLK13
16.6
137.3
0.16
1.42
121
1053
607.8
0.10
1.20
319
3915
BLK17
12.8
148.6
0.09
0.98
73
782
655.0
0.24
0.76
830
2683
BLK10
9.9
179.5
0.97
1.76
936
1699
679.7
0.22
0.78
788
2858
BLK19
8.1
180.3
0.76
1.61
739
1567
682.8
0.21
0.67
782
2475
BLK20
3.7
182.4
0.40
1.89
397
1856
691.6
0.14
0.34
531
1258
BLK21
0.2
189.6
0.36
1.87
367
1906
721.8
0.19
0.86
720
3326
TRIBUTAR
m
to
BLK05
36.7,2.1
7.9
0.15
0.61
6
26
60.5
0.02
0.06
7
18
BLK09
25.5,0.6
17.5
0.14
0.79
13
75
141.5
0.02
0.10
17
74
BLK10
24.2,0.6
7.8
0.15
0.21
6
9
93.1
0.02
0.03
10
15
BLK14
17.4,0.8
28.3
0.19
0.36
28
54
104.0
0.04
0.19
21
105
BLK15
13.3,0.7
7.0
0.15
0.35
6
13
10.4
0.07
0.27
4
15
BLK16
13.1,1.1
2.5
0.24
0.75
3
10
29.2
0.05
0.52
8
82
-------
TKN & ORTHO-P CONCENTRATIONS AND LOADINGS
AVG FLOW
JULY10& AUG14
AVERAGE JU
_Y 10 & AUG 14
FLOW
OCT 2
OCTOBER 2
(mg/l)
(pounds/day)
(mg/l)
(pound
s/day)
STATION
RIVER MILE
(Cfs)
TKN
ORTHO-P
TKN
ORTHO-P
(cfs)
TKN
ORTHO-P
TKN
ORTHO-P
BLK01
45.7
13.8
0.9
0.02
69
2
69.1
1.0
0.12
372
45
BLK02
43.9
58.4
1.2
0.94
362
297
133.3
1.0
0.54
740
384
BLK03
41.3
61.5
1.1
0.99
369
329
145.5
1.0
0.50
784
388
BLK04
39.8
63.8
1.1
0.89
366
306
153.6
1.0
0.43
828
354
BLK06
36.3
75.2
1.0
0.62
397
250
228.2
1.0
0.26
1230
317
BLK07
31.9
77.9
1.0
0.42
403
177
236.0
1.0
0.21
1272
267
BLK08
27.8
80.3
0.9
0.30
407
128
243.1
1.0
0.20
1310
259
BLK11
23.2
106.3
0.9
0.14
529
79
484.3
1.0
0.13
2610
326
BLK12
19.1
108.1
1.0
0.16
558
92
500.0
1.0
0.17
2695
451
BLK13
16.6
137.3
0.9
0.15
676
112
607.8
1.0
0.12
3276
393
BLK17
12.8
148.6
0.9
0.10
714
79
655.0
1.0
0.08
3530
274
BLK18
9.9
179.5
1.3
0.36
1246
346
679.7
1.0
0.10
3664
366
BLK19
8.1
180.3
1.2
0.18
1189
179
682.8
1.0
0.09
3680
331
BLK20
3.7
182.4
0.9
0.16
887
161
691.6
1.0
0.10
3728
363
BLK21
0.2
189.6
0.9
0.13
933
129
721.8
1.0
0.08
3891
311
TRIBUTAR
IES
BLK05
36.7,2.1
7.9
1.0
0.05
43
2
60.5
1.0
0.02
326
7
BLK09
25.5,0.6
17.5
1.0
0.09
94
9
141.5
1.0
0.04
763
31
BLK10
24.2,0.6
7.8
1.0
0.04
42
2
93.1
1.0
0.02
502
10
BLK14
17.4,0.8
28.3
1.0
0.05
153
8
104.0
1.0
0.02
561
13
BLK15
13.3,0.7
7.0
1.0
0.04
38
1
10.4
1.0
0.02
56
1
BLK16
13.1,1.1
2.5
1.0
0.03
13
0
29.2
1.0
0.03
157
4
-------
BOD & CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATIONS AND BOD LOADINGS
AVG FLOW
JULY10&AUG14
AVERAGE JULY 1C
) & AUG 14
FLOW
OCT 2
OCTOBER
2
(mg/l) (ug/l)
(#/day)
(mg/l) (ug/l)
(#/day)
STATION
RIVER MILE
(Cfs)
BOD
CHLORO
BOD
(cfs)
BOD
CHLORO
BOD'
BLK01
45.7
13.8
1.3
2.2
99
69.1
1.4
1.9
512
BLK02
43.9
58.4
1.8
1.5
555
133.3
1.2
2.0
880
BLK03
41.3
61.5
1.5
1.6
485
145.5
1.5
1.0
1176
BLK04
39.8
63.8
1.4
1.3
469
153.6
1.6
1.1
1304
BLK06
36.3
75.2
1.4
3.4
562
228.2
1.4
2.6
1691
BLK07
31.9
77.9
1.9
10.7
782
236.0
1.4
2.1
1717
BLK08
27.8
80.3
2.3
18.3
979
243.1
1.3
2.4
1671
BLK11
23.2
106.3
2.0
10.9
1132
484.3
1.1
1.5
2806
BLK12
19.1
108.1
2.3
11.4
1318
500.0
1.0
1.5
2762
BLK13
16.6
137.3
1.9
14.9
1388
607.8
1.1
2.4
3522
BLK17
12.8
148.6
2.1
18.6
1662
655.0
1.1
3.0
3707
BLK18
9.9
179.5
2.5
14.9
2395
679.7
1.1
2.0
3847
BLK19
8.1
180.3
2.8
15.4
2745
682.8
1.2
1.6
4416
BLK20
3.7
182.4
1.9
8.9
1831
691.6
1.2
2.4
4473
BLK21
0.2
189.6
2.1
12.9
2095
721.8
2.4
3.1
9240
TRIBUTAR
IES
BLK05
36.7,2.1
7.9
1.1
1.5
48
60.5
1.1
3.8
342
BLK09
25.5,0.6
17.5
1.2
1.5
110
141.5
1.1
1.5
839
BLK10
24.2,0.6
7.8
1.2
1.5
48
93.1
1.0
2.2
514
BLK14
17.4,0.8
28.3
1.3
2.4
200
104.0
1.1
3.0
617
BLK15
13.3,0.7
7.0
1.6
4.6
21
10.4
1.1
5.0
59
BLK16
13.1,1.1
2.5
1.3
3.1
48
29.2
1.1
1.0
169
-------
AVQ FLOW
JULY10&AUG14
AVERAGE JULY 10 & AUG 14
FLOW
OCT 2
OCTOBER2
(mg/l)
(pounds/day)
(mg/l
(pound
s/day)
STATION
RIVER MILE
(cfs)
TSS
TVS
TSS
TVS
(cfs)
TSS
TVS
TSS
TVS
BLK01
45.7
13.8
2.8
1.4
210
103
69.1
3.5
1.4
1285
531
BLK02
43.9
58.4
3.5
2.2
1094
677
133.3
4.0
2.7
2838
1940
BLK03
41.3
61.5
1.2
0.8
389
265
145.5
4.5
2.6
3529
2039
BLK04
39.8
63.8
1.7
1.0
593
327
153.6
3.4
1.9
2773
1573
BLK06
36.3
75.2
3.1
1.3
1267
542
228.2
6.3
3.0
7687
3690
BLK07
31.9
77.9
6.2
3.0
2603
1249
236.0
4.6
1.9
5788
2417
BLK08
27.8
80.3
10.4
3.9
4480
1677
243.1
6.0
2.5
7862
3276
BLK11
23.2
106.3
7.4
3.3
4254
1862
484.3
5.2
2.0
13443
5090
BLK12
19.1
108.1
5.2
2.8
3044
1617
500.0
3.8
1.6
10106
4177
BLK13
16.6
137.3
6.0
3.3
4422
2405
607.8
4.2
1.8
13596
5897
BLK17
12.8
148.6
5.8
3.2
4626
2563
655.0
3.8
1.8
13416
6355
BLK18
9.9
179.5
4.9
2.6
4717
2540
679.7
3.7
2.1
13555
7510
BLK19
8.1
180.3
5.9
3.4
5734
3280
682.8
3.3
1.9
12145
6993
BLK20
3.7
182.4
4.4
2.2
4277
2138
691.6
2.7
1.4
10189
5343
BLK21
0.2
189.6
5.9
3.4
5978
3424
721.8
2.8
1.4
10893
5252
TRIBUTAR
m
CO
BLK05
36.7,2.1
7.9
1.1
0.8
46
32
60.5
0.9
0.7
277
228
BLK09
25.5,0.6
17.5
1.6
1.0
149
92
141.5
1.3
0.9
972
705
BLK10
24.2,0.6
7.8
1.7
0.8
69
35
93.1
1.5
1.1
728
527
BLK14
17.4,0.8
28.3
2.3
1.4
343
219
104.0
2.2
1.4
1205
757
BLK15
13.3,0.7
7.0
3.8
2.2
141
84
10.4
2.7
1.6
417
252
BLK16
13.1,1.1
2.5
5.2
2.2
69
30
29.2
2.3
1.3
126
70
-------
Table 1-27
Blackstone River Survey 1991
UPPER BLACKSTONE POLLUTION ABATEMENT DISTRICT
METALS INFORMATION
CADMIUM (TOTAL) ug/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
4.5
1.2
4.6
2.1
2
4.0
4.9
4.4
6.8
3
3.6
4.5
3.0
4.0
4.5
3.2
4
4.5
4.9
3.0
4.1
4.5
2.4
5
5.5
5.0
3.4
4.2
5.2
2.5
Ave
4.4
4.1
3.1
4.3
4.6
2.7
#/Day
0.9
1.1
1.1
0.9
1.3
0.9
CADMIUM (DISSOLVED) ug/I
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
4.0
1.9
3.5
1.9
2
1.9
4.3
2.8
4.7
3
3.0
4.3
3.0
3.2
3.5
2.5
4
3.8
4.7
2.8
3.1
3.7
1.7
5
5.8
4.2
2.6
3.8
4.9
2.1
Ave
3.7
3.9
2.8
3.3
3.7
2.1
#/Day
0.8
1-1
1.0
0.7
1.0
0.7
1-39
-------
Table 1-28
Blackstone River Survey 1991
UPPER BLACKSTONE POLLUTION ABATEMENT DISTRICT
METALS INFORMATION
CHROMIUM (TOTAL) ug/I 1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
5.1
3.7
3.9
5.7
2
3.3
3.6
6.6
5.1
3
4.8
52.8
1.2
6.0
3.6
2.1
4
6.9
3.0
1.2
7.2
6.9
1.5
5
4.5
3.3
1.8
7.5
4.5
2.7
Ave
4.9
13.3
1.4
6.2
5.2
2.1
MJay
1.0
3.6
0.5
1.3
1.4
0.7
CHROMIUM (DISSOLVED) ug/I
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
4.0
3.5
1.6
4.0
2
0.7
2.8
3.4
2.5
3
2.2
3.7
0.7
2.2
1.3
0.7
4
5.8
2.2
0.7
2.8
1.3
ND
5
4.3
2.5
1.3
5.5
3.1
1.3
Ave
3.4
2.9
0.9
3.1
2.4
1.0
M)ay
0.7
0.8
0.3
0.6
0.7
0.3
Note: NS=no sample taken, ND=less than the limit of detection
1-40
-------
Table 1-29
Blackstone River Survey 1991
UPPER BLACKSTONE POLLUTION ABATEMENT DISTRICT
METALS INFORMATION
COPPER (TOTAL) ug/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
36.3
28.2
45.6
44.7
2
36.6
43.5
43.5
33.0
3
40.2
18.6
21.0
59.4
24.6
21.6
4
42.6
20.1
30.9
45.0
27.6
25.5
5
43.8
12.6
29.4
61.1
26.4
41.4
Ave
39.9
24.6
27.1
50.9
31.3
29.5
#/Day
8.3
6.7
9.3
10.5
8.5
10.2
COPPER (DISSOLVED) ug/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
28.3
26.5
33.1
46.0
2
33.1
25.0
26.8
15.4
3
35.2
19.1
14.5
31.9
11.5
14.8
4
35.5
13.9
25.2
32.5
19.3
21.4
5
36.1
3.9
19.9
43.3
147.0
32.1
Ave
33.6
17.7
19.9
33.5
47.8
22.8
#/Day
7.0
4.8
6.8
6.9
13.0
7.8
Note: NS=no sample taken, ND=less than the limit of detection
1-41
-------
Table 1-30
Blackstone River Survey 1991
UPPER BLACKSTONE POLLUTION ABATEMENT DISTRICT
METALS INFORMATION
LEAD (TOTAL) ug/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
6.9
6.1
5.4
8.6
2
7.4
4.8
5.9
3.9
3
5.7
5.1
1.5
6.2
4.6
2.1
4
6.5
3.2
1.8
6.8
4.4
1.8
5
6.6
3.8
1.8
6.9
3.2
2.4
Ave
6.6
4.6
1.7
6.2
4.9
2.1
#/Day
1.4
1.3
0.6
1.3
1.3
0.7
LEAD (DISSOLVED) ug/I
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
3.7
5.9
3.3
8.1
2
4.6
2.3
4.5
1.9
3
3.7
3.6
0.4
4.2
3.2
0.3.
4
4.1
1.4
1.0
3.9
1.6
2.4
5
3.1
1.9
0.7
4.2
1.5
0.9
Ave
3.8
3.0
0.7
4.0
3.3
1.2
#/Day
0.8
0.8
0.2
0.8
0.9
0.4
1-42
-------
Table 1-31
Blackstone River Survey 1991
UPPER BLACKSTONE POLLUTION ABATEMENT DISTRICT
METALS INFORMATION
NICKEL (TOTAL) ug/1 -
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
22.2
122.0
27.6
163.0
2
18.6
79.5
24.0
94.8
3
15.6
67.5
18.0
21.8
.76.8
17.1
4
14.7
58.2
20.4
21.0
66.0
23.2
5
32.1
44.7
27.3
23.7
52.2
25.8
Ave
20.6
74.4
21.9
23.6
90.6
22.0
#/Day
4.3
20.2
7.5
4.9
24.6
7.6
NICKEL (DISSOLVED) ug/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
22.2
120.0
!
24.0
150.0
2
13.2
75.3
16.5
87.0
3
15.6
65.7
15.3
17.4
69.8
15.9
4
15.0
55.8
21.0
14.7
60.0
19.8
5
33.3
39.9
24.0
20.4
49.5
21.6
Ave
19.9
71.3
20.1
18.6
83.3
19.1
#/Day
4.1
19.4
6.9
3.9
22.7
6.6
1-43
-------
Table 1-32
Blackstone River Survey 1991
-
tti
>
m
r»
in
>
W
I>
ND
ND
<*>
Ov
en
P
CO
co
On
r-
o*
ON
§
i
9/20-24
CM
cn
C4
cs
i
*¦4
1
i
9/20-22
ND
ND
ND
e
B
VJ
Iflii
i
a.
SURVEY 2
00
cn
4.6
ON
1 33
o
ci
00
CM
OS |
9£ ||
| 748.7
1111
8
| SURVEY 1
m
c-i
II 2.2
NO
in
00
368.2
§
i
§
«S:i
wsw;
Hffi
¦II
¦it:
8
>-
01
>
04
D
co
5.2 |
55 II
3.2
4.6
1517.3
Sl|
life
WK;
W«:
(3
SURVEY 3
a
2
II ™
Q
Z
W
%
3
1
U
2
oa
s
<
r-
r*»
ON
o
00
w
4>
<**
O
|
s
i
ss
8
mm
1
5
H
9/20-24
VC
cn
«
w
>
D
CO
"
U1
>
az
co
r-
i
9!
SURVEY
fo
en
cs
O
&
SURVEY
CM
(N
NO
e'-
en
o
a
II
CO
2
o
Z
-
>*
<
a
tn
^r
V/}
I AVERAGE
%
9
*
DAY
(S
cn
rf
m
I AVERAGE
>
<
Q
1-44
-------
UPPER BLACKSTONE POLLUTION ABATEMENT DISTRICT
Note: NS=no sample taken, ND=less than the limit of detection
NITRATE (NO,) mg/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
6.3
7.2
6.8
6.0
2
5.7
3.4
5.7
26.3
3
NS
26.8
13.0
6.4
30.9
13.4
4
6.4
12.3
7.7
7.1
8.8
9.8
5
6.3
23.6
10.4
6.4
31.6
11.8
AVERAGE
6.2
14.7
10.4
6.5
20.7
11.7
0/DAY
1277.2
3988.3
4279.7
1340.3
5636.9
4816.4
AMMONIA (NHj) mg/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-24
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-24
SURVEY 3
1
0.8
0.2
0.5
1.1
0.2
0.8
2
1.0
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.2
3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
4
0.5
0.3
1.0
0.4
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.1
5
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
NS
0.4
0.2
AVERAGE
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.2
#/DAY
111.7
70.7
206.4
98.3
103.4
68.0
165.1
54.6
to
o*
ci
sr
a
S* **
03 1
s U>
<3
Vo
v©
-------
»-*
t
UPPER BLACKSTONE POLLUTION ABATEMENT DISTRICT
Note: NS=no sample taken, ND—less than the limit of detection
ORTHO-PHOSPHATE
ill
I
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
2.3
2.0
2.5
2.1
2
2.0
2.9
2.0
3.0
3
NS
2.1
3.1
2.4
1.9
3.3
4
2.5
2.1
2.5
3.0
2.2
2.4
5
1.4
2.9
2.6
1.6
2.6
3.4
AVERAGE
2.1
2.4
2.7
2.3
2.4
3.0
tf/DAY
424.0
652.9
1128.4
475.7
642.0
1252.3
CALCIUM (Ca) mg/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
13.0
12.3
13.0
11.8
2
13.0
12.8
13.0
13.1
3
12.0
13.2
13.3
13.0
13.6
12.7
4
12.5
11.9
12.7
12.0
11.9
12.4,
5
13.0
13.2
13.4
13.0
13.2
13.1
AVERAGE
12.7
12.7
13.1
12.8
12.7
12.7
0/DAY
2626.8
3449.6
5421.8
2647.5
3460.5
5256.7
to
S"
<¦>
2T
S3 so
* S1
so a;
*"« I
Co Oj
5 •*.
3
v©
V©
-------
UPPER BLACKSTONE POLLUTION ABATEMENT DISTRICT
Note: NS=no sample taken, ND—less than the limit of detection
MAGNESIUM (Mg) mg/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.4
2
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.2
3
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.0
3.2
3.5
4
3.0
3.1
3.1
3.0
3.3
3.4
5
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.3
3.5
AVERAGE
3.1
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.3
3.5
#/DAY
637.0
865.1
1334.8
641.2
892.3
1431.1
CHLORIDE (CI)
mg/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-24
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-24
SURVEY 3
1
92
74
65
92
89
73
2
92
50
73
96
62
92
3
78
69
95
120
92
68
111
123
4
85
103
96
115
88
98
101
125
5
85
105
102
130
88
132
111
141
AVERAGE
86
80
86
122
91
90
98
130
#/DAY
17870.3
21818.5
35586.0
39843.9
18863.1
24430.2
40292.2
42463.8
to
a*
zr
5"
a kj
a3
*
ffc
*« I
Oa uj
R cn
3
v©
-------
h*
k
UPPER BLACKSTONE POLLUTION ABATEMENT DISTRICT
Note: NS=no sample taken, ND=less than the limit of detection
TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS (TSS) mg/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-24
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-24
SURVEY 3
1
2.4
1.4
4.4
8.6
6.0
8.0
2
1.8
4.4
5.2
4.8
2.4
2.8
3
2.4
1.8
3.6
2.0
5.0
2.4
5.8
2.8
4
2.0
0.6
4.6
1.2
NS
2.2
NS
3.6
5
1.8
3.2
7.6
2.4
NS
20.4
4.6
3.0
AVERAGE
2.1
2.3
5.1
1.9
6.1
6.7
5.3
3.1
mDAY
430.2
620.3
2097.2
611.3
1268.6
1817.3
2188.0
1026.1
VOLATILE SUSPENDED SOLIDS (VSS) mg/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-24
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-24
SURVEY 3
1
2.0
0.8
3.2
7.0
4.4
6.8
2
0.8
3.2
2.8
4.0
1.6
2.4
3
2.2
1.0
3.0
1.6
3.8
2.0
4.6
1.8
4
1.6
ND
4.0
0.8
NS
1.2
NS
3.2
5
1.0
2.6
6.0
1.8
NS
18.4
3.8
2.2
AVERAGE
1.5
1.9
3.8
1.4
4.9
5.5
4.4
2.4
tf/DAY
314.4
516.9
1516.8
458.5
1020.4
1501.7
1816.5
786.0
bo
S-
r>
sr
S"
a kj
c?
i5o a
i
Oa to
R ©\
3
>-4
V©
-------
Table 1-37
Blackstone River Survey 1991
WOONSOCKET WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
METALS INFORMATION
CADMIUM (TOTAL) ug/I
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
3.1
4.8
3.2
4.8
2
2.1
3.5
2.7
4.8
3
2.4
3.8
0.9
2.6
3.3
ND
4
2.4
4.5
1.5
3.0
5.2
1.1
5
2.4
11.6
1.9
2.7
5.9
1.7
Ave
2.5
5.6
1.4
2.8
4.8
1.4
#/Day
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
CADMIUM (DISSOLVED) ug/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
2.2
4.3
2.2
4.5
2
1.7
3.0
3.1
3.5
3
1.4
1.6
0.3
1.6
2.9
0.3
4
1.5
3.7
0.6
1.9
2.5
0.8
5
1.9
6.5
0.7
1.9
4.4
0.7
Ave
1.7
3.8
0.5
2.1
3.6
0.6
#/Day
0.1
0.2
0.03
0.1
0.2
0.03
1-49
-------
Table 1-38
Blackstone River Survey 1991
WOONSOCKET WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
METALS INFORMATION
CHROMIUM (TOTAL) ug/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
3.9
9.0
4.2
14.7
2
9.0
9.1
5.4
9.0
3
0.9
3.6
5.7
ND
-4
5.1
5.1
2.7
3.9
0.9
2.1
5
7.2
6.0
2.7
3.9
4.8
3.3
Ave
6.3
7.3
2.1
4.2
7.0
2.7
If/Day
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
CHROMIUM (DISSOLVED) ug/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
5.1
7.2
3.1
9.1
2
5.1
6.0
1.3
5.5
3
2.7
2.7
0.4
0.4
3.1
ND
4
2.4
4.6
1.9
1.6
2.2
1.0
5
4.6
4.9
1.9
3.7
3.1
1.9
Ave
4.0
5.1
1.4
2.0
4.6
1.5
#/Day
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
NOTE: NS=no sample taken, ND=less than the limit of detection
1-50
-------
Table 1-39
Blackstone River Survey 1991
WOONSOCKET WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
METALS INFORMATION
COPPER (TOTAL) ug/1 '
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
.SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
41.1
24.6
38.4
33.0
2
33.3
41.4
46.2
43.5
. 3
54.1
36.9
28.2
36.9
39.0
7.5
4
44.1
37.8
24.6
39.0
147.0
9.0
5
32.1
54.0
21.6
44.4
39.9
20.0
Ave
40.9
38.9
24.8
41.0
60.5
12.2
#/Day
1.8
1.8
1.4
1.8
2.8
, 0.7
COPPER (DISSOLVED) ug/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
27.1
13.0
25.6
30.1
2
25.0
28.0
32.2
35.5
3
31.0
12.7
5.9
22.0
31.5
3.4
4
36.5
32.8
13.0
18.4
29.5
10.9
5
22.5
51.1
12.1
30.1
29.1
9.4
Ave
28.4
27.5
10.3
25.7
31.1
7.9
#/ Day
1.3
1.3
0.6
1.2
1.4
0.5
NOTE: NS=no sample taken, ND=less than the limit of detection
1-51
-------
Table 1-40
Blackstone River Survey 1991
WOONSOCKET WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
METALS INFORMATION
LEAD (TOTAL) ug/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
5.2
12.3
3.9
10.8
2
3.6
10.1
5.1
8.7
3
5.1
6.9
7.2
3.9
9.6
3.0
4
5.7
9.6
5.1
6.3
21.0
3.9
5
3.9
18.9
6.9
4.2
12.3
6.0
Ave
4.7
11.6
6.4
4.7
12.5
4.3
#/Day
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.2
0.6
0.3
LEAD (DISSOLVED) ug/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
2.4
4.7
1.6
5.2
2
1.6
5.5
1.6
5.2
3
1.6
ND
1.9
0.7
2.5
1.0
4
1.6
7.9
2.2
1.6
4.3
2.8
5
1.9
14.5
1.0
1.3
6.7
2.2
Ave
1.8
8.2
1.7
1.4
4.8
2.0
#/Day,
0.1
0.4
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
NOTE: NS=no sample taken, ND=Iess than the limit of detection
1-52
-------
Table 1-41
Blackstone River Survey 1991
WOONSOCKET WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
METALS INFORMATION
NICKEL (TOTAL) ug/1 -
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
10.5
9.3
205
168
2
10.8
98.7
223
196
3
18.0
7.1
18.9
256
222
16
4
9.0
9.9
17.1
263
255
69
5
13.8
11.4
10.4
121
210
79
Ave
12.4
27.3
15.5
213.6
210.2
54.7
#/Day
0.6
1.3
0.9
9.6
9.7
3.1
NICKEL (DISSOLVED) ug/I
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
6.8
14.4
192
164
2
16.8
8.1
207
160
3
8.6
6.9
16.8
223
205
10
4
5.7
6.9
8.4
238
207
71
5
8.4
9.3
9.9
120
187
11
Ave
9.3
9.1
11.7
196.0
184.6
30.7
#/ Day
0.4
0.4
0.7
8.8
8.5
1.8
NOTE: NS=no sample taken, ND=less than the limit of detection
1-53
-------
H*
WOONSOCKET WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
NOTE: NS=no sample taken, ND=less than the limit of detection
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD) mg/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-24
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-24
SURVEY 3
1
3.1
9.2
13.4
4.2
8.4
11.9
2
5.0
7.2
10.2
7.5
7.5
8.7
3
6.9
19.1
18.6
20.8
3.7
14.4
7.7
14.0
4
6.S
10.2
25.5
22.0
NS
12.2
13.5
20.0
5
9.9
10.5
21.9
22.0
7.6
6.2
18.5
16.0
AVERAGE
6.3
11.2
17.9
21.6
5.8
9.7
12.1
16.7
tf/DAY
281
517
1025
1348
257
448
690
1040
TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN (TKN) mg/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-22
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-22
SURVEY 3
1
32.1
18.6
9.3
25.6
13.7
6.4
2
27.2
15.4
8.7
13.4
17.1
7.5
3
38.8
19.5
7.7
15.1
42.0
18.8
7.5
11.5
4
NS
15.6
13.1
NS
17.2
13.5
5
24.3
17.6
11.1
42.0
17.8
13.7
AVERAGE
30.6
17.3
8.6
13.1
30.8
16.9
7-1
12.9
0/DAY
1368
798
490
818
1375
779
408
805
to
S"
PS
sr
§ 3
>3 §•
2 K-
-t T"
on
K
fe
3
v©
V©
-------
WOONSOCKET WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
NOTE: NS=no sample taken, ND=less than the limit of detection
NITRATE (NOj) mg/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
0.4
1.7
0.9
3.8
2
0.4
3.7
0.9
2.0
3
0.4
29.7
1.6
0.9
38.8
1.4
4
0.3
33.2
2.1
NS
9.9
2.7
5
0.3
39.6
3.8
1.0
58.5
4.7
AVERAGE
0.4
21.6
2.5
0.9
22.6
2.9
tf/DAY
16
993
143
41
1040
168
AMMONIA (NH,) mg/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-24
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-24
SURVEY 3
1
26.6
15.2
6.5
28.6
12.9
7.7
2
1.0
15.0
10.8
27.7
9.5
9.9
3
28.2
13.5
13.0
12.1
27.8
12.0
15.8
13.2
4
21.5
12.0
13.0
10.5
28.4
16.8
13.8
13.5
5
21.4
13.2
6.1
8.9
NS
14.3
8.4
10.5
AVERAGE
19.7
13.8
9.9
10.5
28.1
13.1
11.1
12.4
tf/DAY
882
634
565
655
1257
603
636
774
S"
ST
&
SS Q-
15 r
= &
¦»*
Vo
-------
WOONSOCKET WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
NOTE: NS=no sample taken, ND=less than the limit of detection
ORTHO-PHOSPHATE
I
W
1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
3.6
3.5
3.9
3.7
2
2.6
3.6
3.0
3.7
3
3.5
4.7
4.2
3.5
4.5
4.1
4
3.1
4.6
4.6
NS
ND
4.2
5
1.3
4.7
3.9
3.1
4.9
3.7
AVERAGE
2.8
4.2
4.2
3.4
4.2
4.0
•*»
^O
V5
-------
3
WOONSOCKET WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
NOTE: NS=no sample taken, ND=less than the limit of detection
MAGNESIUM (Mg)
rag/1
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
SURVEY 3
1
4.2
3.8
4.0
3.8
2
4.3
3.7
4.3
3.6
3
4.1
3.8
4.0
4.3
3.9
3.9
4
3.9
3.9
3.9
4.7
3.8
4.1
5
3.5
3.8
4.6
3.4
3.7
4.8
AVERAGE
4.0
3.8
4.2
4.1
3.8
4.3
#/DAY
179
175
238
185
173
244
CHLORIDE (CI) rog/j
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-24
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-24
SURVEY 3
1
125
225
258
154
290
310
2
105
200
212
114
283
260
3
85
145
202
330
100
200
232
335
4
247
160
240
328
NS
175
273
210
5
335
263
410
159
142
205
440
191
AVERAGE
179.4
198.6
264.4
272.3
127.5
230.6
303.0
245.3
tf/DAY
8020
9143
15127
16997
5700
10616
17335
15311
to
a*
fs
??*
to
S"
S KJ
<* I?
5m ?5-
<• *
<& Sat
** I
^ -U
5
-------
WOONSOCKET WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT
NOTE: NS=no sample taken, ND=less than the limit of detection
TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS (TSS) mg/l
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-24
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-24
SURVEY 3
1
7.2
16.4
8.0
6.0
14.6
16.9
2
10.4
14.6
8.4
8.2
16.6
16.0
3
5.0
8.8
22.2
28.6
7.6
8.4
15.0
13.2
4
11.4
7.6
33.2
28.8
NS
8.8
20.4
23.6
5
8.8
29.4
28.4
38.2
7.0
22.8
24.4
26.4
AVERAGE
8.6
15.4
20.0
31.9
7.2
14.2
18.5
21.1
if/DAY
383
707
1147
1989
322
656
1061
1315
VOLATILE SUSPENDED SOLIDS (VSS) mg/l
PRECHLORINATION
POSTCHLORINATION
DAY
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-24
SURVEY 3
SURVEY 1
SURVEY 2
9/20-24
SURVEY 3
1
7.8
10.8
6.4
4.8
10.8
14.0
2
8.0
10.4
7.0
6.2
12.2
12.9
3
3.2
6.4
16.8
20.8
7.2
5.2
13.3
9.6
4
8.8
5.6
25.6
21.6
NS
4.8
17.6
17.6
5
6.4
19.2
23.6
27.7
5.2
15.2
19.2
20.0
AVERAGE
6.8
10.5
15.9
23.4
5.9
9.6
15.4
15.7
#/DAY
306
482
909
1458
262
444
881
982
-------
Table 1-47
Blackstone River Survey 1991
Blacksone River Field Flow Data
(cfs)
July 10
August 14
October 2
7Q2
7Q10
US STEEL
13.5
14
69.1
NORTHBRIDGE
77.4
84.5
236
72
45
MILLVILLE
98.7
117.8
483
WOONSOCKET
142
157
676
134
101
132
(7/11)
146
(8/15)
595
(10/3)
LONSDALE AVE.
189.3
199.7
760
1-59
-------
Figure 1-2
Blackstone River 1991
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (mg/l) JULY 10
STATE WOONSOCKST
RICc CITY POND
UNE
UBWWTP
o
MA&K W«t«rQuafty StwxHrd
3.7
8.1
0.2
River Miles
0400 —•— 1000 1600 -e- 2200
Figure 1-2A
Blackstone River 1991
DISSOLVED OXYGEN JULY 10
STATE WOONSOCXET
iibwwtp
180-
0400
160
1000
1600
140
c
o
2200
c
0)
o
w
75*
ffl 60-
Q.
River Miles
1-60
-------
Figure 1-3
Blackstone River 1991
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (mg/l) JULY 11
STATE
LINE
WOONSOCKET
WWTP
RICE CITY POND
UBWWTP
o
MA & Rl Water Quality Standard
cn
43.9 41.3 39.8 36.3 31.9
27.8 23.2 19.1 18.8 12.8
River Miles
3.7
0.9
8.1
0.2
0400 —1000 1600 -e- 2200
Figure 1- 3 A
Blackstone River 1991
DISSOLVED OXYGEN JULY 11
STATE WOONSOCKET
RICE CITY POND
10O-
0400
160-
1000
-¦>«-
1600
140-
c
o
2200
05
k.
3 100-
¦*—»
w
c
0
o
1—
75%
MA Water Quality Standard
40-
20-
8.1 3.7 0.2
River Miles
1-61
-------
Figure 1
Blacks tone River 1991
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (mg/l) AUGUST 14
STATE
LINE
WOONSOCKET
WWTP
UBWWTP
RICE CITY POND
10-
d)
E
MA & Rl Water Quality Standard
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.I
36.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 16.6 12.8
River Miles
9.9
8.1
3.7
0.2
*- 0400 —1000 1600 -e- 2200
Figure 1-
Blacks tone River 1991
DISSOLVED OXYGEN AUGUST 14
20 1 j 1 1
o 1—1—: 1 ! 1 1 i : 1 :—'—: :—; : ; r-
43.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 36.3 31.9 27.3 23.2 19.1 Ida 9.9 3.1 3.7 0.2
River Miles
MA Watar Qualty Standard
1-62
-------
Figure 1-5
Blackstone River 1991
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (mg/l) AUGUST 15
STATE WOONSOCKET
UBWWTP wcs POND LINE WWTP
MA 8l W Walar Qualty Standard
3.7
0.2
27.8 23.2 19.1
River Miles
16.6 12.8
9.9
8.1
0400 —*— 1000 1600 -s- 2200
Figure 1-5A
Blackstone River 1991
DISSOLVED OXYGEN AUGUST 15
160-1 UBWWT?.
rice city pond
I IMP WWTP
40-
20-
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 36.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 15.8 12.8
River Miles
9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
1-63
-------
Figure 1-6
Blackstone River 1991
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (mg/l) OCTOBER 2
STATE WOCNSOCKET
RICE CTTY POND
UBWWTP
LINE
WWTP
MA & RI Water Quafy Standard
3.7
River Miles
0400 —~— 1000 1600 -a- 2200
Figure i-^A
Blackstone River 1991
DISSOLVED OXYGEN OCTOBER 2
STATE WOONSOCXET
110
0400
100
1000
1600
c
o
2200
CO
3
CO
CO
c
-------
Figure 1- 7
Blackstone River 1991
DISSOLVED OXYGEN (mg/l) OCTOBER 3
WOONSOCKET
WWTP
8TATE
LINE
RICE CITY POND
E
MA &RJ Water Qua«y Standard
43.7 43J 41J 39.8 3«J 31.9 27.8 23.2 1S.1
River Miles
18.6 12.8
9.a
8.1
3.7
-m- 0400 —1000 1600 -b- 2200
Figure 1- 7 A
Blackstone River 1991
DISSOLVED OXYGEN OCTOBER 3
STATE WOONSOCKET
RICE CITY POND
11&
0400
1000
1CX>
1800
c
O 90-
2200
C
CD
O
i—
75%
RJ Watar Quaity Standard
Q 70-
a
SO-
MA Watar Quaity Standard
50-
8.1 3.7 0.2
River Miles
gq
1-65
-------
Figure 1- 8
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
QUINSIGAMOND RIVER DISSOLVED OXYGEN
July 10
July 11
Aug 14
Aug 15
-X-
Oct2
05
E
Oct 3
Water quality standard
400
1000
1600
2200
TIME
Figure 1-9
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
MUMFORD RIVER DISSOLVED OXYGEN
July 10
July 11
Aug 14
Aug 15
Oct 2
Oct 3
Water quality standard
400
1000
1600
2200
TIME
1-66
-------
Figure 1-10
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
WEST RIVER DISSOLVED OXYGEN
July 10
July 11
Aug 14
Aug 15
Oct 2
03
E
Oct 3
Wat* quafty standard
400
1000
1600
2200
TIME
Figure 1-11
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
BRANCH RIVER DISSOLVED OXYGEN
9.5-
~ *
July 10
9-
A"
July 11
Aug 14
-S-
Aug 15
-X-
Oct 2
A-
Oct3
8-
,, —
7.5-
7-
S—' ^
5 5-
5-
Water quality standard
400 1000 1600 2200
TIME
1-67
-------
Figure 1-12
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
MILL RIVER DISSOLVED OXYGEN
July 10
9.5-
July 11
Aug 14
8.5-
Aug 15
Oct 2
S5 7.5-
Oct3
6.5-
5.5-
Water quality standard
2200
400
1000
1600
TIME
Figure 1-13
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
PETERS RIVER DISSOLVED OXYGEN
July 10
7.5-
July 11
~*e-
Aug 14
Aug 15
6.5-
Oct 2
O)
£
Oct 3
5.5-
Water quality standard
4.5-
400
1000
1600
2200
TIME
1-68
-------
Figure 1-14
Blackstone River 1991
TEMPERATURE JULY 10
River Miles
«- 0400 —1000 1600 -e- 2200
Figure 1-15
Blackstone River 1991
TEMPERATURE JULY 11
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 36.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19~1 16.8 12^8 ?9 SA 3I7 01ST
River Miles
»- 0400 —*— 1000 1600 -s- 2200
1-69
-------
Figure 1-16
Blackstone River 1991
TEMPERATURE AUGUST 14
iiii ii i i i i i i i i i
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 36.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 18.6 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
River Miles
0400 1000 1600 -s- 2200
Figure 1-17
Blackstone River 1991
River Miles
TEMPERATURE AUGUST 15
0400 —i— 1000 1600 -a- 2200
1-70
-------
Figure 1-18
Blackstone River 1991
River Miles
0400 —1000 1600 -a- 2200
Figure 1-19
Blackstone River 1991
TEMPERATURE OCTOBER 2
18.5-i
CO
<£
CD
o 17-^
CO
CD ,
03
O)
0 16.5-
O
16
15.5-
TEMPERATURE OCTOBER 3
River Miles
0400 —1000 —*6— 1600 -S- 2200
1-71
-------
Figure 1-20
Blackstone River 1991
pH JULY 10
9.5-
'c
D
"O
8.5-
MA » 6.5 • 8.3
RI » 8.5 - 8.0
CO
"O
c
03
¦4—»
CO
7.5-
8.5-
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 38.3 31.9 27.I
23.2 19.1 18.8 12.8
River Miles
9.9
8.1
0.2
*- 0400 —1000 1600 -e- 2200
Figure 1-21
Blackstone River 1991
pH JULY 11
9.5-
V)
"c
Z>
"O
1
9.5-
» 8.5 - 8.3
R1 = 6.5 - 8.0
CO
¦a
c
03
CO 75~
7-
6.5-
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 36.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 16.6 12.1
River Miles
9.9
8.1
3.7
0.2
0400 —^ 1000 1600 -a- 2200
1-72
-------
Figure 1-22
Blackstone River 1991
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.0 30.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 16.6 12.8
River Miles
pH AUGUST 14
0400 —»— 1000 1600 -e- 2200
Figure 1-23
Blackstone River 1991
pH AUGUST 15
9.5-j
9-
River Miles
0400 —1000 1600 -e- 2200
1-73
-------
Figure 1- 24
Blackstone River 1991
pH OCTOBER 2
7.6-
7.4-
7-
T5 6.8-
MA a 0.5 • 8.3 R1 = 6.5- 8.0
6.2-
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 36.3 31.9 27X
River Miles
23.2 19.1 16.6 12.8
9.9
8.1
3.7
0.2
*- 0400 —1000 1600 -s- 2200
Figure 1- 25
Blackstone River 1991
pH OCTOBER 3
7.fr
7.4-
cn
¦*—»
c
D
"O
u.
7-
¦4—'
CO
6.6-
MA = 6.5 • 8.3 fll = 6.5 - 8.0
6.2-
9.9
8.1
3.7
0.2
River Miles
0400 —i— 1000 1600 -3-' 2200
1-74
-------
Figure 1-26
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
QUINSIGAMOND RIVER pH
- ——^________________^___
July 10
July 11
Aug 14
-B-
Aug 15
-X-
Cct 2
Oct 3
\ / x \
\ / ^
\ /
\ /
HOURS
Figure 1-27
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
MUMFORD RIVER pH
July 10
July 11
7.5-
Aug 14
Aug 15
Oct 2
I
Q.
Oct 3
6.5-
5.5-
400
1000
1600
2200
HOURS
1-75
-------
Figure 1-28
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
WEST RIVER pH
7.4-
July 10
Ji,
7.2-
July 11
Aug 14
~
Aug 15
-H-
Oct 2
6.8-
6.6-
Oct 3
6.2-
5.8-
5.6-
5.4-
400
1000
2200
1600
HOURS
Figure 1-29
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
BRANCH RIVER pH
7.5-
July 10
7.4-
July 11
7.3-
Aug 14
7.2-
-e-
Aug 15
7.1
¦eT'
Oct 2
I
Q.
Oct 3
0.9-
6.8-
6.7-
6.6-
8.5-
6.4-
2200
1600
1000
400
HOURS
1-76
-------
Figure 1-30
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
MILL RIVER pH
7.a-
July 10
7.8-
July 11
Aug 14
7.4-
-B-
Aug 15
-X-
Oct2
7.2-
I
a
Oct 3
6.8-
8.6-
6.4-
2200
1000
400
1600
HOURS
Figure 1- 31
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
PETERS RIVER pH
July 10
6.95-
July 11
Aug 14
6.9-
3.85-
-S-
Aug 15
-K-
Oct2
6.8-
Oct3
C3-
8.7-
6.65-
6.6-
8.5-
400
1000
1600
2200
HOURS
1-77
-------
Figure 1-32
Blackstone River 1991
FECAL COLIFORMS
U0WWTP
RICE CITY POND
STATE WOONSOCKET
4500n
t
g
f
i
T l
r
500-
1
5t
S 1
r
0-
fc
N k
£
k >% ti | 3 S
S r*
i
D l-i J Jil nfl .o Ml N «a.s S.„
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 38.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 16.6 12.8
River Miles
9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
Rl = 500
MA = 400
MA & Rl = 200
^JULY 10
AUGUST 1 4 §§§§ OCTOBER 2
Figure 1- 33
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
FECAL COLIFORMS
1200-
1000-
800-
600- "
o
o
tr
LU
CL 4004"
200- "
JOE5L
Quinsigamond Mumford West Branch Mill Peters
Tributary
Bl = 500
MA & Rl = 200
JULY 10
AUGUST 1 4 SSS OCTOBER 2
1-78
-------
Figure 1-34
Blackstone River 1991
HARDNESS
75-
70-
85-
80-
O)
E
45-
40-
30-
25-
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 36.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 18.8 12.8
River Miles
9.9
3.7
July 10 —I— Aug 14 Oct 2 AVQ of the 3 Days
Figure 1-35
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
HARDNESS
Quinsigamond Mumford
Branch
Tributary
SSS July 10 H Aug 14 ^ Oct 2 jf+g AVG of the 3 Days
1-79
-------
Figure 1-36
Blackstone River 1991
TOTAL CADMIUM
STATE WOONSOCKET
UBWWTP
UNE WWTP
RICE CITY POND
4.5-
3.5-
2.S-
CD
~
Criteria ® SO mqit Hardnaas
1.5-
-A
Chronic Criteria @ SO mg/1 Hardness
0.5-
River Miles
SgjS July 10 m Au9 14 S3 Oct 2 [jg AVG July & Aug
Figure 1- 37
Blackstone River 1991
DISSOLVED CADMIUM
STATE WOONSOCKET
IT PUINU
UBWWTP
WWTP
UNE
3.5-
2.5
O)
D
1.5-
0.5-
8.1 3.7 0.2
River Miles
July 10 Aug 14 Oct 2 [TH AVG Jul & Aug
1-80
-------
Figure 1-38
Blacks tone River 1991
TOTAL CHROMIUM
STATE WOONSOCKET
UBWWTP
UNE WWTP
RICE CITY POND
Chronio Cn(*n« @ 50 mg/1 Hardn«u
8.1 3.7 0.2
River Miles
F55! July 10 H Aug 14 Oct 2 FTA AVG July & Aug
Figure 1-39
Blackstone River 1991
DISSOLVED CHROMIUM
STATE WOONSOCKET
UBWWTP RICE CITY POND UNE WWTP
7-
S~
c_
4_
n
3_
[
2-
_
]
0 1
|
R
i
1
!
k
: ;
. &
s
! £
K
&
j
j
a
L
—
r
0-
i
I
s.
[
4
i
1
II
ij
U
I
k
k
ik
|
*
1
i
tB
1
J
1
A
i
: Siii
I I " ' I I I i I ¦" I i M i MT1 i i M i »™
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 38.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 16.8 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
River Miles
July 10 Hi Aug 14 S§gOct2 FFFfl AVG July & Aug
1-81
-------
Figure 1-40
Blackstone River 1991
TOTAL COPPER
STATE WOONSOCKET
RICE CITY POND
O)
D
AciA* Criteria @ 50 wq!\ Hardness
|; Chronic Criteria ® 50 mg/1 Hardness
5 e
-1
I II
41.3' 30.8 343 31.0 27.8 23.2 101
River Miles
ae
37
July 10 H Aug 14 Oct 2 fjgg AVG July & Aug
Figure 1-41
Blackstone River 1991
DISSOLVED COPPER
STATE WOONSOCKET
UBWWTP RICE CITY POND UNE WWTP
30-
25-
20-
O)
Z3
8.1 3.7 0.2
River Miles
SKI July 10 H AuS 14 Oct 2 FF=1 AVG July & Aug
1-82
-------
Figure 1-42
Blackstone River 1991
TOTAL LEAD
UBWWTP
RICE CITY POND
STATE WOONSOCKET
UNE WWTP
1
!
i
j
\
Acuta Criteria O 50 mg/l Hardnan
!
: 1
0
«
Jfl Jfl
l
i
#n
a
3 Chronic Crllario 0 50 mg/l Hordnos
sflll. in , ,tfi rei—1—
100-
80-
G) 60-
2
40-
20-
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 36.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 16.6 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
River Miles
July 10
I Aug 14 Oct 2 m AVG July & Aug
Figure 1-43
Blackstone River 1991
25-
20-
O) 15-
3
UBWWTP
DISSOLVED LEAD
STATE WOONSOCKET
RICE CITY POND UNE WWTP
]
jk-Liji:
1
JLJa
aft ,4k.
45.7 43.9 41.3 ' 39.8 38.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 18.8 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
River Miles
July 10
[ Aug 14 SS °ct2
m~n AVG July & Aug
1-83
-------
Figure 1-44
Blacks tone River 1991
TOTAL NICKEL
STATE WOONSOCKET
LINE WWTP
RICE CITY POND
UBWWTP
40-
35-
30-
d>
D
* '
3.7 0.2
River Miles
ESB3 -July 10 Aug 14 SSS Oct2 PM AVG July & Aug
Figure 1-45
Blacks tone River 1991
DISSOLVED NICKEL
STATE WOONSOCKET
UNE WWTP
UBWWTP
RICE CITY POND
35-
25-
O) 20-
"I
-I
—i ''
0.2
River Miles
Egg July 10 h Aus 14 ss °ct 2 KB AVG July& Aua
1-84
-------
Figure 1-46
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
TOTAL CADMIUM
Chrortc Criteria @ 60 m®1 Hardness
Quinsigamond Mumford West Branch
Tributary
Peters
July 10
[ Aug U SSS Oct 2
frm AVG July & Aug
Figure 1-47
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
DISSOLVED CADMIUM
0.16-
0.14-
0.12-
0.06-^
0.04-
0.02-
Quinsigamond Mumford West Branch
Tributary
Peters
July 10
I Aug 14 ^ Oct 2
FrFH AVG July & Aug
1-85
-------
Figure 1-48
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
TOTAL CHROMIUM
Qulnslgamond Mumford
Peters
Branch
Tributary
July 10 H Aug 14 ^ Oct 2 FFFI AVG July & Aug
Figure 1-49
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
DISSOLVED CHROMIUM
°.7-f
0.6-
0.5-'
Qulnslgamond Mumford West Branch Mill Peters
Tributary
| July"l0 H Aug 14 Oct 2 FFH AVG July & Aug
1-86
-------
Figure 1-50
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
TOTAL COPPER
Chronic Criteria @ 60 Hardntss
Quinsigamond Mumford West
Branch
Tributary
jjgSS July 10 H Aug 14 Oct 2 FFPfl AVG July & Aug
Figure 1-51
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
DISSOLVED COPPER
6-rr
Quinsigamond Mumford
Branch
Tributary
BSS July 10 Bi Aug 14 Oct 2 Fffl AVG July & Aug
1-87
-------
Figure 1-52
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
TOTAL LEAD
16—r
14-
12-
Gulnsigamond Mumford
Branch
Tributary
July 10 H Aug 14 Oct 2 H-f-H AVG July & Aug
Figure 1-53
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
DISSOLVED LEAD
I
X
$
¦V
s
1
1
1
1
I
i
1
1
r
[
1
ll
n i
]
1
i
-J
H
NS
i
j
i
Quinsigamond Mumford West Branch Mill Peters
Tributary
July 10 H Aug 14 ggg Oct2 FFFH AVG July & Aug
1-88
-------
Figure 1-54
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
TOTAL NICKEL
16-tT
Quinslgamond Mumford
Tributary
KSS July 10 Bi Au9 14 ^ Oct 2 14-|-| AVG July & Aug
Figure 1-55
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
DISSOLVED NICKEL
Quinslgamond Mumford
Tributary
glgj July 10 Aug 14 Oct 2 gj AVG July & Aug
1-89
-------
Figure 1-56
Blackstone River 1991
ORTHO-P & CHLOROPHYLL JULY&AUG
STATE WOONSOCKET
k
V-^\
\ r
\ /
V
A
/ \
7 H—
-H
•0.8 —
O)
¦0.0
0C
O
« I
CO
0
1
QL
•0.2
River Miles
ORTHO-P AVG JLY&AUG CHLORO AVG JLY&AUG
Figure 1-57
Blackstone River 1991
River Miles
ORTHO-P & CHLOROPHYLL OCT 2
U8WWTP
STATE WOONSOCKET
RICE CITY PONO UNE WWTP
ORTHO-P AVG JLY&AUG -t- CHLORO AVG JLY&AUG
1-90
-------
Figure 1-58
Blacks tone River 1991
ORTHO-PHOSPHORUS
UBWWTP
RICE CITY POND
STATE WOONSOCKET
UNE WWTP
0.8-
0) 0.6-
E
0.4-
0.2-
, , , , , , ! 11 ii""" ¦ i "™l" i *"11 i i'
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 36.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 16.6 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
River Miles
July 10
Aug 14
ESS Oct 2
Fffl AVG July & Aug
Figure 1-59
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
ORTHO-PHOSPHORUS
0,14-
O) 0.08-'
o.08-r
0.04-
is
Quinslgamond Mumford West Branch
Tributary
1 .
=1 —
n
1 i
i !
¦
Peters
July 10
| Aug 2
5S Oct2
H-t—H AVG July & Aug
1-91
-------
Figure 1-60
Blackstone River 1991
CHLOROPHYLL
STATE WOONSOCKET
U8WWTP RICE CITY POND UNE WWTP
i
i
1
it
1
I
!
I!
1
j
i
III
!|
I
: i
: 1
i
ji
: 1
: !
ll
Hi
ll
|
' E
k
: 1
&
»Si id Scfi If 1
¦ *
¦ &
: 1
Is
i *
1
¦1
s
: i
: 1
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.3 36.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 16.6 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
River Miles
53SS July 10 IB Aug 14 SgJJ Oct 2 AVG July & Aug
Figure 1-61
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
CHLOROPHYLL
Quinsigamond Mumford
West
Branch
Peters
Tributary
JULY 10 1 AUGUST 14 OCTOBER 2
note: samples taken in July on Peters River only
1-92
-------
Figure 1-62
Blackstone River 1991
AMMONIA
STATE WOONSOCKET
UBVVWTP
RICE CITY POND
UNE WWTP
1.2-
0.&-
O) 0.6-
0.4-
0.2-
River Miles
SSS July 10 Hi Au9 14 SS Oct 2 [gg AVG July & Aug
Figure 1- 63
Blackstone River 1991
NITRATE
STATE WOONSOCKET
UBWWTP RICE CITY POND UNE WWTP
4.5-
3.5-
2.5-
O)
E
1.5-
iH
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.I
8.1
River Miles
SiSa July 10 H Aug 14 ^ Oct 2 FrH AVG July & Aug
1-93
-------
Figure 1-64
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
AMMONIA
0.25-
Qulnslgamond Mumford West Branch
Tributary
Peters
July 10
Aug 14
S3°ct2
Fffl AVG July & Aug
Figure 1-65
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
NITRATE
Peters
Qulnslgamond Mumford
Branch
Tributary
July 10 H Aug 14 Oct 2 |-H-j AVG July & Aug
1-94
-------
Figure 1-66
Blackstone River 1991
BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
UBWWTP
STATE WOONSOCKET
RICE CITY POND UNE WWTP
1;
Li
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 36.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 16.8 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
July 10
River Miles
| Aug 14 jSSS Oct 2
|—M—I AVG July & Aug
Figure 1-67
Blackstone River 1991
TSS
STATE WOONSOCKET
RICE CITY POND LINE WWTP
River Miles
July 10
Aug 14 0012
rrm AVG July & Aug
1-95
-------
Figure 1-68
Blackstone River 1991
TVS
STATE WOONSOCKET
UNE WWTP
RICE CITY POND
4.5-
3.5-
2.5-
1.5-
0.5-
River Miles
July 10 Bi Aug 14 Oct 2 FFFfl AVG July & Aug
Figure 1-69
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
TSS
e-rf
Quinsigamond Mumford
Branch
Tributary
July 10 Bi Aug 14 ^ Oct 2 H+H AVG July & Aug
1-96
-------
Figure 1-70
Blacks tone Tributaries 1991
TVS
3.5-fT
Qulnsigamond Mumford
West
Branch
Peters
Tributary
July 10 HI Aug 14 XSN Oct 2 AVG July & Aug
Figure 1- 71
Blackstone River 1991
CHLORIDE
UBWWTP
RICE CITY POND
state woonsocket
line WWTP
ate
i i i i i i i i i i i i ~r r
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 30.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 16.6 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
River Miles
July 10
Aug 14
SSCtat2
AVG July & Aug
1-97
-------
Figure 1-72
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
CHLORIDE
O)
E
Quinsigamond Mumford
Branch
Peters
Tributary
July 10 m Aug 14 Oct 2 fTTI AVG July & Aug
Figure 1-73
Blackstone River 1991
TOTAL & DISSOLVED CADMIUM
RICE CITY POND
STATE
LINE
WOONSOCKET
VWVTP
UBWWTr
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 38.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 18.6 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
RIVER MILES
AVG July & Aug TTL H AVG July & Aug DISS
note: July = July 10, Aug = August 14
1-98
-------
Figure 1-74
Blackstone River 1991
TOTAL&DISSOLVED CADMIUM
UBWWTP
RICE CITY POND
STATE WOONSOCKET
UNE WWTP
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.3 38.3 31.9 27.3 23.2 19.1 13.6 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
RIVER MILES
Oct2Tn. ¦¦ Oct2 DISS
Figure 1- 75
Blackstone River 1991
TOTAL&DISSOLVED CHROMIUM
UBWWTP
RICE CITY POND
STATE WOONSOCKET
UNE WWTP
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 38.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 18.8 12.3 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
RIVER MILES
AVG July & Aug TTL H AVG July & Aug DISS
not®: Juty = July 10, Aug = August 14
1-99
-------
Figure 1-76
Blackstone River 1991
TOTAL&DISSOLVED CHROMIUM
STATE WOONSOCKET
U8WWTP RICE CITY POND LINE WWTP
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 38.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 ' 18.8 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
• RIVER MILES
Oct 2 TTL ¦¦ Oct 2 DISS
Figure 1- 77
Blackstone River 1991
TOTAL & DISSOLVED COPPER
STATE WOONSOCKET
UBWWTP RICE CITY POND LINE WWTP
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 38.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 18.6 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
RIVER MILES
-m- AVG July & Aug TTL H AVG July & Aug DISS
note: Jufy 3 July 10, Aug = August 14
1-100
-------
Figure 1-78
Blackstone River 1991
TOTAL & DISSOLVED COPPER
U8WWTP
RICE CITY POND
STATE
UNE
WOONSOCKET
WWTP
O-rl
Ir-
i
5-
0-
5-
o-
5-
0-
5-
0-
5- -r
1 H H
H -
M
/ \
<:
Q
CO
Q
Z
D
O
CL
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 38.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 18.8 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
RIVER MILES
Oct2TTL ¦¦ Oct2 DISS
Figure 1- 79
Blackstone River 1991
TOTAL & DISSOLVED LEAD
UBWWTP
RICE CITY POND
STATE
UNE
WOONSOCKET
WWTP
/ \
/ \
/ \
/ \
¦A n
¦ ¦ ff
A—
$
D
CO
Q
Z
Z>
O
Q.
RIVER MILES
AVG July & Aug TTL AVG July & Aug DISS
note: Jufy = July 10, Aug =» August 14
1-101
-------
Figure 1-80
Blackstone River 1991
TOTAL & DISSOLVED LEAD
<
Q
CO
Q
Z
3
O
CL
STATE WOONSOCKET
WWTP
4-
UBWWTP
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 38.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 18.8 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
RIVER MILES
OctSTTL
Oct 2 DISS
Figure 1-81
Blackstone River 1991
TOTAL & DISSOLVED NICKEL
U8WWTP
RICE CITY POND
STATE
UNE
WOONSOCKET
WWTP
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 38.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 16.8 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
RIVER MILES
AVG July & Aug TTL m AVG July & Aug DISS
note: Juty = July 10, Aug = August 14
1-102
-------
Figure 1-82
Blackstone River 1991
TOTAL & DISSOLVED NICKEL
UBWWTP
STATE WOONSOCKET
RICE CITY PONO
43.7 43.9 41.3 38.8 36.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 18.8 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
RIVER MILES
¦ Oct2 TTL
I Oct 2 DISS
Figure 1-83
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
TOTAL & DISSOLVED CADMIUM LOADINGS
0.07-
0.06-
0.05-
0.04-r
0.01-
Qulnslgamond Mumford
West Branch
Tributary
Peters
I AVG July 4 Aug TTL wm AVO July & Aug 0IS3 SSS Oct 2 TTL
PH Oct 2 DISS
not»: Jtiy » July 10. Aug » August 14
1-103
-------
Figure 1-84
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
TOTAL & DISSOLVED CHROMIUM LOADINGS
0.8-
03 0.5-
"O
O 0.3-
CL
0.2-
0.1-
Peters
Quinsigamond Mumford
West
Branch
Tributary
SSS AVQ July 4 Aug TTL Bi AVQ Jiiy 4 Aug 0IS3 SS Oe«2 TT1. Oct 2 DISS
note: Jufy » Jufy 10, Aug 3 August 14
Figure 1-85
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
TOTAL & DISSOLVED COPPER LOADINGS
3-rr
2.5-
0.5-+
Quinsigamond Mumford
West
Peters
Branch
Mill
Tributary
AVG Jufy & Aug TTL 1 AVQ July & Aug DISS jSS3 Oct 2 TTL ffTfl Oct 2 DISS
note: July = Juty 10, Aug = August 14
1-104
-------
Figure 1-86
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
TOTAL & DISSOLVED LEAD LOADINGS
3.5-rr
Qulnslgamond Mumford West Branch Mill Peters
Tributary
AVG July & Aug TTL ^ AVG July & Aug DISS Kg Oct 2 TTL ITTI Oct 2 DISS
note: July = July 10, Aug =» August 14
Figure 1-87
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
TOTAL & DISSOLVED NICKEL LOADINGS
SL
Quinsigamond Mumford West Branch
Tributary
Mill
Peters
| AVG July & Aug TTL H AVG July & Aug DISS SSS Oct 2 TTL
FFH Oct 2 diss
note: July = July 10, Aug » August 14
1-105
-------
Figure 1-88
Blackstone River 1991
1000-1
CO
Q
Z
D
O
a,
<
z
o
UBWWTP
AMMONIA & NITRATE
STATE WOONSOCKET
RICE CITY PONO UNE WWTP
1100 (J)
1000 o
45.7' 43.9 41.3 39.S 38.3 31.9' 27.3 23.2 19.1 16.8 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
RIVER MILES
NH3 AVG July & Aug ^ N03 AVG July & Aug
nol»: Jiiy « July 10. Aug = August 14
Figure 1-89
Blackstone River 1991
AMMONIA & NITRATE
UBWWTP
RICE CITY PONO
STATE WOONSOCKET
UNE WWTP
4000
"i
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 36.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 16.6 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
RIVER MILES
NH3 Oct 2 I
N03 Oct 2
1-106
-------
Figure 1-90
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
NH3 & N03 LOADINGS
120—rt
100-
Quinsigamond Mumford
Branch
Tributary
RSS AVQ Juty & Aug NH3 ¦§ AVG July & Aug N03 Oct2NH3 O 0ct2N03
note: Juty * July 10, Aug =* August 14
Figure 1-91
Blackstone River 1991
BOD LOADINGS
10000-fi-
UBWWTP
RICE CITY POND
STATE WOONSOCKET
UNE WWTP
9000- -
8000- -
5000-
4000- -
3000- ¦
2000-¦
1000-¦
0-
J
.j rtilJi
i
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 38.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 18.8 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
RIVER MILES
iSSS AVG July10&Aug14 Oct 2
note: July = July 10, Aug = August 14
1-107
-------
Figure 1-92
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
BOD LOADINGS
900-t'
800- '
700-'
100-'
Quinslgamond Mumford
Branch
Tributary
AVG July 10 & Aug 14 H Oct 2
Figure 1-93
Blackstone River 1991
TSS AND TVS LOADINGS
STATE WOONSOCKET
UNE WWTP
RICE CITY POND
25-
I
3.7 0.2
River Miles
AVQ July & Aug TSS
AVQ July & Aug TVS Oct 2 TSS gg Oct 2 TVS
note: July =» July 10, August = August 14
1-108
-------
Figure 1-94
Blackstone Tributaries 1991
TSS AND TVS LOADINGS
1400-rt
Qulnslgamond Mumford
Branch
Tributary
iRj AVG JUy & Aug TSS
AVQ July & Aug TVS SSS Oct2TSS ffTI Ocl2TVS
note: July * July 10. Aug * August 14
Figure 1-95
Blackstone River 1991
?
Q
CO
Q
Z
=>
0
co
1
06
Q.
I
0
1
I—
CC
o
UBWWTP
RICE CITY POND
ORTHO-P, NH3, CHU\ (JULY&AUG)
STATE WOONSOCKET
RIVER MILES
0
D
>
I
CL
O
oc
0
_l
1
o
ggg NH3 AVG July&Aug
OrthoP AVG July&Aug CHLA AVG July&Aug
note: July =• July 10, Aug = August 14
1-109
-------
Figure 1-96
Blackstone River 1991
ORTHO-P, NH3, CHLA (OCT 2)
5
Q
CO
Q
Z
D
0
~_
CO
1
z
o3
Q.
I
0
1
I—
tr
O
900-
UBWWTP
RICE CITY POND
STATE WOONSOCKET
UNE WVVTP
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 38.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 16.6 1Z8 9.9 8.1 3.7 ' 0.2
RIVER MILES
NH3 Oct 2
I Ortho-P Oct 2 CHLA Oct 2
Figure 1-97
Blackstone River 1991
ORTHO-PHOSPHORUS
>
<
Q
CO
Q
Z
D
O
Q.
0
1
h-
QC
O
500n
UBWWTP
RICE CITY POND
STATE WOONSOCKET
UNE WWTP
1
45.7 43.9 41.3 39.8 36.3 31.9 27.8 23.2 19.1 16.6 12.8 9.9 8.1 3.7 0.2
RIVER MILES
P04 AVG July & Aug |
P04 Oct 2
note: July = Jufy 10, Aug = August 14
1-110
-------
Chapter 2
1991BLACKSTONE RIVER DRY WEATHER SURVEY
TOXICITY TESTING
by
Celeste Philbrick-Barr, John Paar III, and Peter M. Nolan
Environmental Services Division, EPA Region I
-------
Chapter 2
List of Tables and Figures
Tables Subject Page
2-1 Blackstone River Aquatic Toxicity Test Results: Fathead Minnow 2-2
2-2 Blackstone River Aquatic Toxicity Test Results: Ceriodaphnia dubia 2-3
2-3 Blackstone River Sediment Stations 2-4
2-{4-9) Invertebrate Sediment Toxicity Text 2-(7-12)
2-(1041) Blacksone River Sediment Pore Water 2-15
2-12 Survival/48 Hours 2-16
2-13..... Blackstone River EffluentsyToxicity Test Results 2-17
Figures Subject Page
2-1 Cadminum in Blackstone River Sediments 2-19
2-2 ...Chromium in Blackstone River Sediments . 2-20
2-3 Copper in Blackstone River Sediments... 2-21
2-4 Nickel in Blackstone River Sediments 2-22
2-5 Lead in Blackstone River Sediments 2-23
2-6 Zinc in Blackstone River Sediments 2-24
2-7 Total Sediment Metals & Chironomus and Hyallela Mortality 2-25
2-8 Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Blacksone River Sediments 2-27
2-9 Aluminum in Blacksone River Sediment Pore Water . 2-28
2-10 Cadmium in Blacksone River Sediment Pore Water 2-29
2-11 Chromium in Blacksone River Sediment Pore Water 2-30
2-12 Copper in Blacksone River Sediment Pore Water 2-31
2-13 Nickel in Blacksone River Sediment Pore Water 2-32
2-14 Lead in Blacksone River Sediment Pore Water 2-33
2-15 Zinc in Blacksone River Sediment Pore Water 2-34
-------
1991 BLACKSTONE RIVER SURVEY
Chronic Toxicity Testing of Ambient Blackstone River Water
Introduction
As part of the Blackstone River Initiative, chronic toxicity testing was performed on water samples
collected at 21 stations along the river during the summer and fall of 1991. There were three separate
sampling surveys starting on: July 10, August 14, and October 2. Each sample consisted of a composite of
four subsamples collected at six hour intervals.
The tests utilized were the Fathead minnow, (Pimephales promelas) larval growth and survival test and the
Ceriodaphnia dubia survival and reproduction test. The young of P. promelas and C. dubia were exposed
for seven days to the samples with renewals occuring daily. The responses of the two onanisms in die 21
samples were statistically compared to the responses of the organisms in laboratory control water.
Materials and Methods
The test procedures used follow those outlined in the EPA manual, Short-Term Methods For Estimating
The Chronic Toxicity Of Effluents and Receiving Waters To Freshwater Organisms, 2nd Edition, (Methods
1000.0 and 1002.0), EPA/600/489/001.
All organisms were maintained at 25 degrees Celsius +/-1 degree and 16:8 hour light/dark cycle. Survival
was monitored every 24 hours and recorded on standard laboratory data sheets. Temperature, pH,
conductivity, and dissolved oxygen were measured daily. Hardness was measured at the beginning of the
test. Total residual chlorine (TRC) was measured at the beginning of the test only in samples collected at
stations immediately downstream from wastewater treatment plants.
Data Analysis
Survival and mean dry weight data from the P. promelas test was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis Anova
by rank and Dunn's Multiple Comparison Test.
The survival data from the Ceriodaphnia dubia test was analyzed using Fisher's Exact Test, to determine
whether a significant difference, relative to the control, existed for the river station samples. The
reproduction data was analyzed using Shapiro-Wilks test for normality, Bartlett's test for homogeneity of
variance and Dunnett's or Bonferroni's T-test to determine if significant differences existed between river
samples and the control.
Results
Survival of fathead minnows was not affected in any of the stations tested. During Round I, there was
reduced growth in the station 19 sample. During Round II, there was reduced fish growth in the station 6
sample. During Round III, there was reduced fish growth in the samples from station 19 and 21 (Table 2-1).
Ceriodaphnia survival was unaffected in any of the samples tested. Ceriodaphnia reproduction showed a
statistically significant difference from the control only at station 9, during the October survey (Table
2-2).
2-1
-------
Table 2-1
Blackstone River 1991
BLACKSTONE RIVER AQUATIC TOXICITY TEST RESULTS
Fathead Minnow
Station % Survival Mean Wt. per fish (mg) Sig.*
#
I
II
III
I
II
III
Effect
1
81
90
80
0.623
0.401
0.428
2
100
100
90
0.647
0.428
0.461
3
90
90
100
0. 663
0.405
0.489
4
97
70
100
0.6
0.394
0.495
5
93
80
100
0.683
0.343
0.381
6
83
100
90
0. 673
0.329
0. 533
*Round II
7
80
70
100
0.663
0.413
0. 583
8
90
80
100
0.547
0.496
0.613
9
87
90
100
0.62
0.373
0.333
10
97
100
100
0.623
0.505
0.793
11
83
100
90
0. 643
0.397
0.569
12
100
90
90
0. 613
0.42
0.455
13
93
90
100
0. 66
0.432
0.47
14
87
100
80
0.69
0.45
0.48
15
63
80
90
0.5
0.521
0.46
16
97
100
100
0.59
0.429
0.447
17
73
80
90
0.493
0.502
0.531
18
83
100
100
0.537
0.447
0. 547
19
90
90
80
0.523
0.455
0.435
**Round I
20
87
87
90
0.553
0.452
0.491
21
83
83
80
0.587
0.427
0. 451
**Round I
Significantly different from control treatment as determined by
Kruskal-Wallis test for * survival or ** growth. This test was
because a lack of variance between values for each station
precluded the use of other more common statistical tests.
2-2
-------
Table 2-2
Blackstone River Survey 1991
BLACKSTONE RIVER AQUATIC TOXICITY TEST RESULTS
Ceriodaphnia dubia
Station % Survival Mean # Young Sig.*
#
I
II
III
I
II
III
1
100
90
80
31.8
24.3
22.1
2
100
100
90
23.7
21.3
23 .8
3
100
90
100
24.7
24.6
21. 4
4
100
70
100
26.9
23.3
26.2
5
100
80
100
23 .3
15.6
22.0
6
100
100
90
14.6+
28.4
25.0
7
100
70
100
15.6+
18.8
26.3
8
90
80
100
18.6+
25.2
24 . 6
9
100
90
100
13.8+
14 . 4
8 . 5
10
100
100
100
10.7+
32.2
17 . 5
11
100
100
90,
22.3
29.3
23 . 6
12
100
90
90
18.6
21.8
21.8
13
100
90
100
15.3
27.7
21.9
14
70
100
80
9.9
23.4
14 . 1
15
100
80
90
12.0
21.2
21.6
16
100
100
100
30.1
27.6
24.5
17
100
80
90
36.4
20.1
21.3
18
80
100
100
24.1
25.9
28 . 6
19
100
90
80
37.8
28.2
26.8
20
100
90
90
28.9
26.1
23.3
21
100
90
80
30.1
24 . 6
27 . 3
+This rack accidentally discarded on Day 6, so mean # of young
on day 6 compared to mean # of control young on day 6.
Significantly different from control treatment as determined by
~Fisher's Exact Test (for survival) or **Dunnett's Test (for
reproduction).
2-3
-------
Blackstone River Whole Sediment Toxicity Tests
Blackstone River sediments were analyzed twice in 1991 by the U.S. EPA Region I, ESD Biology
Section. The first round (I) of tests was conducted on two separate occasions. Samples were collected
from stations BSED 1 - 4, MSED 1 and LC on July 18, 1991 (Table 2-3). Testing began July 22, 1991.
The remaining samples were collected from stations MSED 5 - 7, MSED 1, and LC September 3 and 4,
1991. Testing began September 3,1991.
Samples for the second round (II) of tests were collected from stations BSED 1-7, MSED 2 and LC
October 23 and 24, 1991. (After Round I was completed, a sample was collected at MSED2 because of
suspected organic chemical contamination at the MSED1 location.) Testing began on October 30,1991.
Table 2-3
Blackstone River Survey 1991 Sediment Station
Blackstone River Sediment Station
Number
Name
BSED1
Singing Dam
BSED2
Fisherville Pond
BSED3
Sutton St./Rockdale Pond
BSED4
Rice City Pond
BSED5
Tupperware Dam
BSED6
Mannville Dam
BSED7
Slater's Mill
MSED1
Gilboa Pond, Mumford River
MSED2
Grey's Pond, Mumford River
LC
Lexington Pond Control
0
Lab Culture Water
Reference
Reference
Reference
Lab Control
2-4
-------
Materials and Methods
Sediment Sample Collection and Preparation
Sediment samples were collected using a stainless steel petit ponar dredge from a boat or while wading,
depending on the location. Collection included sediments from the upper four inches of aquatic substrate.
Sediments were emptied from the dredge into a shallow plastic pan. Any surface water obtained with the
sample was poured off and sediments were deposited in an airtight, five gallon pail. Approximately 18
liters of sediment were collected at each station. This volume would be used for whole sediment, pore
water tests and chemical analyses. Samples were kept on ice in coolers and then stored in the ESD
Biology Laboratory sample refrigerator which is maintained at 3*C.
Before the sediment samples were distributed to test chambers, they were homogenized. This was
necessary since the samples were composites of multiple dredgings. A uniform distribution of sediment
was obtained by stirring the sample for at least three minutes in the five gallon pail using a masonry
mixing blade and a drill press with a H.P. motor.
Mixing and Sieving
Sieving is necessary to remove large stones, debris and predators. The sieve size used prior to toxicity
testing is 500 microns. Sieving was performed on all samples tested including control and reference
sediments.
Test Procedure
The day before the toxicity tests started (Day-1) each test sediment and the reference sediment (Lexington
Pond) were mixed and an aliquot was added to the test chambers. The sediment in each chamber was
smoothed using a spoon or spatula. Overlying water was added by pouring into a petri dish laid on top of
the sediment. This reduces resuspension. To allow sediments to settle, no onanisms were added to the test
vessels for 12-24 hours. Water quality parameters were measured prior to the addition of the test organims.
The beakers were covered with watch glasses to prevent evaporation. Aeration was provided to each test
chamber through a 1-ml. glass pipet which extended between the beaker spout and the watch glass cover
to a depth not closer than 2 cm from the sediment surface. The air was bubbled into test chambers at a rate
that does not cause turbulence or disturb the sediment surface. Water lost to evaporation was replaced as
needed with temperature acclimated de-ionized water or overlying water. The tests were conducted for ten
days.
The dissolved oxygen (D.O.) in each test chamber was measured in at least one test chamber in each
treatment at the beginning and end of the test and at least weekly during the test and if the behavior of the
onanisms suggested D.O. might be low. A measured D.O. concentration should be >40% and <100%
saturation. Conductivity, hardness, pH and alkalinity were measured every day.
The test chambers with sediment were set into an environmental chamber at the initiation of a test The
temperature of the chamber was 25° C. Overlying water was partially replenished by pouring off 50% and
adding new culture water. Additional information on test methods for the chironomid and amphipod tests
appear in Appendix D.
2-5
-------
Results
Chironomus tentans Test
The first Chironomus tentans test conducted on samples BSED 1-4 did not have adequate survival in
either reference station sample. The minimum acceptable control survival is 80% and only 64% was
achieved. There appeared to be no significant difference between survival at the BSED stations 1-4 (55-
72%) and the reference station, LSED (64%). Dry weights were also measured but since the test was
considered invalid, these are not analyzed.
The tests conducted on the samples from BSED 5-7 had greater than 80% survival in the MSED1 and
MSED2 background reference samples. LSED, however, had a low survival rate of 57%. There was no
significant difference between survival in samples 5-7 and MSED samples.
The second round of sediment tests included all stations BSED 1-7. Significant mortality in samples from
Singing dam(BSED 1) and Fisherville Pond(BSED 2) was recorded. The results of the Chironomus
tentans tests are shown in Tables 2-(4-6).
Hyallela azteca
The first round of Hyallela azteca sediment toxicity tests exhibited adequate reference survival in the
LSED and MSED samples. Significant mortality occurred in samples BSED1 and BSED4. The
subsequent test conducted on BSED stations 5-7, did not meet minimum survival requirements in the
reference station samples.
During the second round of testing, minimum survival was achieved in the LSED sample. No H. azteca
were retrieved in sample BSED 2,3,4. Only one was retrieved in samples BSED 2 and 6, and two in
MSED2. Every station tested showed a significant impact when compared against the LSED sample. The
results of the Hyallela azteca tests are shown in Tables 2-(7-9).
2-6
-------
Table 2-4
Blackstone River Survey 1991
INVERTEBRATE SEDIMENT TOXICITY TEST
Species; Chironomus tentans
July 22, 1991
Station No. Live Animals Mean %
at end of 14 days Survival
BSED
1-A
14
B
15
C
16
D
10
BSED
2-A
16
B
17
C
15
D
10
BSED
3-A
12
B
9
C
8
D
15
BSED
4-A
13
B
15
C
9
D
14
LSED
A
14
B
16
C
7
D
14
MSED
A
12
B
9
C
8
D
9
All replicates contained 20 organisms.
Some organisms hatched out before test concluded, so exuviae were
counted as "live".
Minimum survival of 80% not met by reference and background
sediments, LSED and MSED.
2-7
-------
Table 2-5
Blackstone River Survey 1991
INVERTEBRATE SEDIMENT TOXICITY TEST
Species; Chironomus tentans
September 10, 1991
Station No. Live Animals Mean % Av.
at end of 14 days Survival Weight
MS ED 1
A 10
B 12
C 16
D 14
MSED2
A 8
B 17
C 15
D 15
LSED
A 9
B 2
C 9
D 14
BSD5
A 12
B 9
C 13
D 11
BSED6
A 11
B 16
C 12
D 9
BSED7
A 16
B 15
C 8
D 12
85 2.2 mg.
89 1.9 mg.
57 3.5 mg.
75 3.5 mg.
80 2.4 mg,
84 3.1 mg.
Total number of organisms per replicate is 15. except for MSED2-B,
MSED1-C, and BSED6-B which contained 17, 16 and 16, respectively.
2-8
-------
Table 2-6
Blackstone River Survey 1991
INVERTEBRATE SEDIMENT TOXICITY TEST
Species; Chironomus tentans
October 30, 1991
Station No. Live Animals Mean %
at end of 14 days Survival
BSED
1-A
3
B
2
C
10
BSED
2-A
5
B
3
C
2
BSED
3-A
12
B
16
C
14
BSED
4-A
12
B
15
C
7
BSED
5-A
7
B
14
C
12
BSED
6-A
10
B
9
C
11
BSED
7-A
10
B
5
C
15
LSED
A
15
B
12
C
16
MSED
A
15
B
11
C
10
33
22
92
82
73
75
75
96
80
* All replicates contained 15 organisms except LSED-C which
contained 16.
2-9
-------
Table 2-7
Blackstone River Survey 1991
INVERTEBRATE SEDIMENT TOXICITY TEST
Species; Hvallela azteca
July 22, 1991
Station
No.
Live
Animals
Mean %
at
end
of 14
days
Survival
BSED
1-A
B
C
D
3
1
4
1
15
BSED
2-A
B
C
D
9
11
11
13
70
BSED
3-A
B
C
D
20*
13
12
12
86
BSED
4-A
B
C
D
1
0
3
0
7
LSED
A
B
C
D
13
18
16
21
85
MSED
A
B
C
D
14
11
14
12
85
~Station LSED and BSED 3-A contained 20 organisms per replicate.
The rest contained 15 organisms per replicate.
2-10
-------
Table 2-8
Blackstone River Survey 1991
INVERTEBRATE SEDIMENT TOXICITY TEST
Species; Hvallela azteca
September 22, 1991
Station No. Live Animals Mean %
at end of 14 days Survival
MSED 1
A 0
B 0
C 0
D 0
0
MSED 2
A 0
B 0
C 0
D 0
0
LSED
A 14
B 10
C 16
D 17
23
BSED 5
A 2
B 5
C 1
D 3
18
BSED 7
A 8
B 9
C 12
D 6
58
BSED 6
A 12
B 2
C 5
D 1
33
Each replicate contained 15 organisms except for LSED C & D which
contained 16 and 17, respectively.
2-11
-------
Table 2-9
Blackstone River Survey 1991
INVERTEBRATE SEDIMENT TOXICITY TEST
Species; Hvallela azteca
October 30, 1991
Station
No. Live Animals Mean %
at end of 14 days Survival
BSED
BSED
1-A
B
C
2-A
B
C
0
0
1
0
0
0
1.7
BSED
BSED
BSED
BSED
BSED
LSED
MSED
3-A
B
C
4-A
B
C
5-A
B
C
6-A
B
C
7-A
B
A
B
C
A
B
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
1
1
0
0
2
9
4
16
16
18
1
1
0
13.4
1.6
25
84
4.5
* each replicate contained between 15-20 organisms. Percent
survival calculated on exact total numbers of organisms per
concentration.
2-12
-------
Blackstone River Sediment Pore Water Analysis
Introduction
Pore water from seven Blackstone River sediment stations (see Table 2-3) were analyzed for toxicity
using Ceriodaphnia dubia and the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas. Forty-eight hour acute toxicity
tests compared organism response in Blackstone River sediment pore water with lab culture water and
control and reference pore water obtained from sediments in Gilboa Pond, Grey's Pond and Lexington
Pond.
Blackstone River pore water toxicity was analyzed twice in 1991 by the U.S. EPA Region I, ESD Biology
Section. The first round (I) of tests were conducted in two parts. Samples were collected from stations
BSED1 - 4, MSED1 and LC, on July 18,1991. Pore water was extracted by centrifugation July 23 and 24,
1991. Testing began July 24, 1991. The remaining samples were collected from stations BSED 5-7,
MSED1 and LC on September 3 and 4, 1991. Pore water was extracted September 10 and 11 and testing
began September 12,1991.
Samples for the second round (II) of tests were collected from stations BSED1 - 7, M2 and LC on
October 23 and 24, 1991. (After Round I was completed an additional sample was collected at MSED2
because of suspected organic chemical contamination at the MSED1 location.) Pore water was extracted
from these samples November 5,6, and 7 and testing began November 7,1991.
Materials and Methods
Collection of Sediments
Composite sediment samples were collected either from a boat or by wading using a petite ponar dredge.
Approximately 2 liters of sediments were emptied from the dredge into a shallow plastic pan, any surface
water obtained with the sample was poured off and sediments were deposited in a airtight, five gallon
pail. Approximately 18 liters were collected at each station, this volume would serve for whole sediment
and pore water tests. Samples were kept on ice in coolers and then stored in the ESD Biology Laboratory
sample refrigerator which is maintained at 3"C.
Pore Water Extraction
There are three widely accepted methods used to extract the interstitial water which fills the space
between the solid portion of sediment. This liquid, know as pore water, can be extracted by vacuum
filtration, mechanical compression through a filter or by centrifugation. Basically, centrifugation spins
samples at extremely high speed which forces larger heavier particles to settle. Lighter particles, including
water, remain above the settled particles and can be siphoned or poured off for collection. This force
effectively squeezes the "water" out of the sediment. This later method has been shown to be one of the
most efficient methods and was chosen for this study.
Before sediments could be centrifuged for pore water extraction they had to be homogenized. This was
necessary since samples were composited by multiple dredgings. A uniform distribution of sediment was
obtained by stirring the sample for at least three minutes in the five gallon pail using a masonry mixing
blade and a drill press with a H.P. motor.
2-13
-------
Once homogenized, 1000 mis of sediments were scooped into Nalgene centrifuge bottles. An IEC PR-
7000 centrifuge was used with a number 966 rotor with six (6) 1000 ml capacity swinging buckets. To
maintain balance care was taken to match, by weight or volume, the opposing samples in the centrifuge.
Samples were centrifuged at 5200 r.p.m.s for 120 minutes at 3°C. This configuration of speed and rotor
applied a force of 7406.53 x gravity (relative centrifugal force) to the sediments. Since some sediments
were dryer than others additional sample needed centrifugation in order to yield the minimum amount of
pore water (750 mis) to conduct the test. Centrifuged sediments were carefully removed from the
centrifuge to prevent resuspension of particles. Pore water from each station was composited in 1 and 2
liter Erlenmeyer flasks and then, to prevent decomposition, stored in the sample refrigerator at 3"C.
Toxicity Testing
Just prior to test time the pore water temperature was raised to 25*C by immersing the flasks in a water
bath. This was done prior to the introduction of the test organisms. Once the temperatures were raised the
fathead minnow larvae, less than seven days old, and Ceriodaphnia neonates, less than 24 hours old, were
randomly distributed and assigned to the various testing chambers. Fish were tested in 300 ml beakers
containing approximately 200 mis of pore water. C. dubia were exposed in 30 ml glass test tubes
containing approximately 15 mis of pore water.
Three replicates of ten fish each were exposed for 48 hours to each of the seven pore water stations, the
reference, control and the culture water. For each pore water sample, thirty Ceriodaphnia were exposed
(fifteen test tubes containing two each).
Results
Tables 2-10 and 2-11 list the survival for minnows and Ceriodaphnia respectively. The samples which
significantly affected Ceriodaphnia survival were from stations 2,3, and 5. Minnow survival was affected
in samples from stations 1,2,3,5 and 6.
2-14
-------
Table 2-10
Blackstone River Sediment Pore Water
48 Hour Toxicity (% Survival)
Ceriodaphnia dubia
Round!
Round II Nov
STA
July
Sept
Nov
1
90
—
76
2
100
—
0
3
100
—
0
4
100
—
87
5
—
94
7
6
—
100
90
7
—
100
100
Ml
94
94
—
M2
—
—
97
LC
100
100
97
0
100
16
100
Table 2-11
Blackstone River Sediment Pore Water
48 Hour Toxicity (% Survival)
Pimephales promelas
Round I
Round II Nov
STA
July
Sept
Nov
1
0
—
3
2
100
—
0
3
97
—
0
4
80
—
100
5
—
93
0
6
—
90
43
7
—
94
93
Ml
—
100
—
M2
—
—
100
LC
100
100
100
0
100
100
97
2-15
-------
Additional toxicity tests using fathead minnows were conducted in November on the pore water samples
from the Fisherville Pond(BSED2) and Sutton St/Rockdale Pond(BSED3) because of the extreme toxicity
exhibited during the Round II tests. LC50s were calculated by testing the following percent dilutions of
the pore water: 100, 50, 25, 10, 5 and 1. Lab Control water was used as diluent. Table 2.-12 lists the
results of this examination. The LC50s calculated for the station 2 and 3 samples were 32.6% and 10.6%
pore water sample, respectively.
Table 2-12
Blackstone River Survey 1991
% Survival/ 48 Hours
Pimephales promelas
Dilut.
BSED 2
BSED 3
100
0
0
50
0
0
25
100
20
10
90
55
5
100
90
1
—
100
0
100
100
LC50
32.6%
10.6%
Effluent Toxicity Testing
Chronic toxicity tests were conducted on a total of fourteen municipal and industrial discharges to the
Blackstone River or its tributaries. Most of these toxicity tests, employing Ceriodaphnia dubia and
Pimephales promelas, were conducted during the of summer of 1991. These tests were performed by a
contract laboratory for EPA. The samples were collected by EPA. Test methods followed those in the EJPA
Short-Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Freshwater
Organisms (1989). Some earlier data collected in 1990 is included for the Upton wastewater treatment
facility.
Seven day effective concentrations (EC50), No Observed Effect Concentrations (NOEC) and Lowest
Observed Effect Concentrations (LOEC), and 48 hour lethal concentrations (LC50s) were calculated for
each sample tested. Table 2-13 displays all these results. Effluent from the Upper Blackstone Water
Pollution Abatement District; City of Woonsocket, Rhode Island; and from Upton, Massachusetts
WWTP were tested on more than one occasion.
The LC50 of the Milbury, MA sample was >100% effluent for both the Ceriodaphnia and the Pimephales
test. The LC50 for Douglas, MA WWTP was 62% and 66%, for Ceriodaphnia and Pimephales,
respectively. The LC50 for New England Plating was 7.4% and 76% for Ceriodaphnia and Pimephales.
The LC50s for Woonsocket were 29.5% and 60.4% for Ceriodaphnia dubia on the two testing occasions.
2-16
-------
Table 2-13
Blackstone River Survey 1991
BLACKSTONE RIVER EFFLUENTS
Toxicity Test Results
Cerlodaphnia/Fathead
FACILITY
LC50 48
HR
EC50
NOEC
LOEC
PERMIT
LC50
UBWPAD
>100% *
>100% *
>100% *
no limit
>100% *
50/>100%
100%>100%
Milbury
>100%*
82/>100%
50/>100%
100/>100%
100%
Grafton
>100% *
25/>100%
50/>100%
100%
Northbridge
>100% *
6.25/>100%
12.5/>100%
Uxbridge
>100% *
>100%
>100%
100%
Douglas
62/66%
62/68%
25/50%
50/100%
Upton +
25% *
50% *
100% *
100% *
100%
12.5/50%
25/100%
12.5/100%
25/>100%
Woonsocket
30/100%
66/63%
50% *
100% *
RI
66/60.4%
29/>100%
25/>100%
50%/>100%
Worcester
Finishing
70/86%
35/65%
6.25/50%
12.5/100%
NE Plating
7.4/76%
<6.25/>100%
<6.25/50%
6.25/100%
1/4
monitor
Guilfd Ind
>100% *
50/100%
100/>100%
12%
Okonite
>100% *
>100% *
>100% *
no permit
GTE 001A
18/17%
6.25/12.5%
12.5/25%
GTE 001B
100/64%
50%
100%
monitor
only
+indicates from earlier sampling effort
*indicates same result achieved with Ceriodaphnia and fathead minnow test
2-17
-------
The Pimephales promelas LC50s for Woonsocket with these same effluent samples were >100% and
60.4% Only five of the fourteen dischargers tested have toxicity limits in their NPDES permits and none
of these exceeded the toxicity limits of their permits.
DISSCUSSION OF BLACKSTONE RIVER SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY AND TOXICITY
Sediments were analysed for six metals, and 16 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The values
were compared against National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration values compiled to indicate
potential for biological effects from sediment bound contaminants (NOAA 1991). These two values
named ER-L and ER-M represent contaminant concentrations in sediment that affect 10 and 50 percent,
respectively, of the organisms tested or examined in selected studies. These values are identified as the
Effects Range-Low and Effects Range-Median.
Another comparative point used in evaluating contaminant levels in the Blackstone River were the Region
V EPA Great Lakes Sediment Gassification Scheme (NOAA 1991).
Figures 2—<1-6) illustrate individual metal concentrations in sediment for each station sampled during
round I of this study and the percent mortality for each sediment toxicity test. Figure 2-7 illustrates the
same but for total metals at each station.
No chemical analyses were conducted on the sediments collected and tested in round II (November 1991)
due to lack of funding.
Zinc concentrations exceeded the NOAA ER-M at Fisherville Dam, Sutton Street, Rice City Pond,
Blackstone Dam, Manville Dam, and Gilboa Pond. The concentration of zinc was highest at Rice City
Pond. According to the Great Lakes Sediment Classification scheme, all stations except Lexington and
Grey's Pond would be considered highly polluted.
Nickel exceeded the ER-M only at Rice City Pond. Rice City Pond and Blackstone Dam would be
considered highly polluted by the Great Lakes Classification scheme.
Lead concentrations greatly exceed the ER-M at Fisherville Pond and Rice City Pond. Concentrations
slightly exceeded the ER-M for lead at Blackstone Dam, Manville Dam, Slater's Mil, and Gilboa Pond.
Lead concentrations would classify all these sites as highly polluted according to the Great Lakes
Gassification scheme.
Copper concentrations exceeded the ER-M at Singing Dam, Fisherville Pond, and Rice City Pond. The
copper concentrations at Blackstone Dam were close to the ER-M. All sites would be considered highly
polluted except Grey's Pond and Lexington Pond.
Chromium concentrations exceed the ER-M at Fisherville Pond, Rice City Pond, and Gilboa Pond. Nearly
all sites fall into the highly polluted range.
Cadmium concentrations at Rice City Pond alone exceeded the ER-M. The concentration at Blackstone
Dam was close to the ER-M. This was the only site that would be classified highly polluted under the
Great Lakes Sediment Gassification scheme for cadmium.
Though metal concentrations at Rice City Pond and Fisherville Dam were the highest of all stations
2-18
-------
Cadmium in Blackstone River Sediemnts
100-
"O
o
¦
Cd
a
Hyallela Sed. Moil
Chironomus Sed. Moil
EftM
—
ER-L
I
Singing Dam Fisherville Pond Sutton Si. Rico City Pond Tupperwam Dam Manville
Station
Slater Mill Giboa Pond Giboa Pond Greys Pond Lexinglon Pond Lexington Pond
-------
Chromium in Blackstone River Sediments
400
E3 Hyallela Sed. Mori
E3 Chironomus Sed. Mort
ER-M
ER-L
= 250
- 200
100-
Singing Dam Fisherville Pond Sutton SI. Rice City Pond Tupperware Dam Manvilla Slater Mil GilboaPond Giboa Pofld Greys Pond Lexington Pond Lexington Pond
Station
-------
400
Copper in Blackstone River Sediments
E3 Hyallela Sed. Mort
E2 Chironomus Sed. Mort
ER-M
- - ER-L
to
I
to
n 250
200
Co
&
r>
s*
5"
~SH 5/0
!? R
s' a
on .1
R ^
Singing Dam Fbherville Pond Sutlon SI. Rice City Pond Tupperware Dam Manville Slater Mill
Station
Gilboa Pond Gilboa Pond Greys Pond Lexington Pond Lexington Pond
-------
Nickel in Blackstone River Sediments
PI
M
111
u
Hi
Hyallela
Chironomus Sed. Mori
1:11111
to
a"
<¦>
ST
5"
* ^
Sa <§'
§* *
3 ^
VO
Singing DamFisherville Pond Sullon SI. Rice CHy Pond Tupperwaro Dam Manville Slater Mill Gifcoa Pond Gilboa Pond Greys Pond Lexington Pon Lexington Pond
Station
-------
Lead in Blackstone River Sediments
220
to
K>
OJ
E2 Hyallela Sed. Mori
E3 Chironomus Sed. Mod
ER-M
- - ER-L
¦a 100
to
a*
sr
5"
*
eg"
§¦ *
R u,
V©
v©
SingingDam Fisherville Pond Sutlon SI. RicacilyPond Ti«>erware Dam ManviBe SlalerMKI Giboa Pond Giboa Pond Gfeys Pond Lexington Pond Lexington Pond
Station
-------
Zinc in Blackstone River Sediments
¦ Zn
E3 Hyallela Sed. Mori
E3 Chironomus Sed. Mod
ER-M
- - ER-L
Singing Dam Fisherville Pond Sutlon St. Rice Ciy Pond Ti^perware Dam Manville Slater Mill Gilboa Pond Giboa Pond Greys Pond Lexington Pon Lexington Pond
Station
-------
Total Sediment Metals & Chironomus and Hyallela Mortality
K
~ Nl
~ Pb
H Cu
H Cr
Chironomus Sediment Morlalit
• Hyallela Sediment Mortality
3 2500 -
2000 -
500-
yy - '<
X
MMI/w///
to
a*
ST
5"
a
at
If x
5 ^
V©
vo
Singing Dam Fishervilie Pond Sutlon Si. Rice City Pond Tupperware Dam Manville Slater Mill Gilboa Pond Gilboa Pond Greys Pond Lexington Ponr Lexinglon Pond
Station
-------
analyzed, toxicity was only evidenced by the Hyallela azteca in the Rice City Pond sample. Chironomus
tentans survived fairly well in this sediment (64 and 82% survival in rounds I and II). In Round I, when
these metal concentrations were measured, survival of Hyallela and Chironomus were 70 and 72% in the
Fisherville Dam sediment sample. Higher mortality of one or both species occurred in the samples from
Singing Dam (BSED 1), Manville Dam (BSED5), Slater's Mill (BSED7), and Gilboa and Grey's Pond,
the background samples
EPA Great Lakes Sediment Classification
nonpolluted
mod polluted
highly polluted
(ppm dry weight)
Cd
>75
Cr
<25 ppm dry wt
25-75
>75
Cu
<25
25-50
>50
Cu
<40
40-60
>60
Ni
<20
20-50
>50
Zn
<90
90-200
>200
Pb
<40
40-60
>60
Beyer, W.N. 1990. Evaluating Soil Contamination.
US.Fish and Wildlife Service. Biological Report 90(2).
Figure 2-8 illustrates the total concentration of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) at each
station as well as the ER-L and ER-M for total PAHs. Sediment samples from all stations contained PAHs
higher than the ER-L but lower than the ER-M. The highest concentration of PAHs was in the first
background station on the Mumford River at Gilboa Pond. This is followed by Singing Dam (BSED1),
Fisherville Pond (BSED2), and Rice City Pond (BSED4). There is no strong correlation between PAH
concentrations and the mortality evidenced in the whole sediment toxicity tests.
Dissussion of Pore Water Chemistry and Toxicity
Figures 2—(9-15) illustrate individual metal concentrations found in the pore water samples extracted from
the sediment at each station. Percent mortality from the fathead minnow and Ceriodaphnia dubia acute
toxicity tests are also illustrated.
The pore water from the Singing Dam sample exceeded acute EPA Ambient Water Quality Criteria
(AWQC, EPA 1986) for chromium, copper, and cadmium. The criteria levels were adjusted for hardness.
The fathead minnow acute toxicity test experienced 10% mortality in this sample.
Pore water from Fisherville Dam exceeded acute AWQC for lead, chromium, copper, and cadmium. No
significant toxicity to either test specie occurred in this sample.
The pore water from Sutton Street exceeded only the acute AWQC for copper and no toxicity occurred in
the same round of toxicity tests.
2-26
-------
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons in Blackstone River Sediments
to
IO
0 PAH
A-ERJ-
ER_M
O Chironomus Sed. Mod
p C. dubia PW Moil
A x - ;• • <<
to
a*
rs
S"
£ ^
*3
-------
Aluminum in Blackstone River Sediment Pore Water
450-
K)
k
Al(ugfl_)
gg Hardness (mg/L)
C. dubia % Mortality
g Fathead % Mortality
350-
300-
3 150-
100-
to
S"
<*>
5"
* ^
<1*
i V
K vb
V©
vo
Singing Dam Fisherville Pond Sutton St. Rice City Pond Tupperwaie Dam
Manvilie
Station
Stater MiH
Gilboa Pond Greys Pond Lexington Pond Lexington Pond
-------
Cadmium in Blackstone River Sediment Pore Water
m
>• 80
i
¦ Cd (ug/L)
0 Hardness (mg/L)
5U C. dubia % Mortality
Fathead % Mortality
O WQC-A (ug/L)
~ WQC-C (ug/L)
lO
o
CO
c\i
1
I
s
CO o
rl o
CM O
VTA ™
Singing Dam
Fisherville Pond Sutton St. Rice City Pond Tupperware Dam Manville
Station
Slater MiH Giboa Pond Greys Pond Lexington Pond Lexington Pond
-------
Chromium in Blackstone River Sediment Pore Water
o
Cr (ugO.)
Hardness (mg/L)
C. dubia % Mortality
Fathead % Mortality
WQC-A(VI) (ug/L)
WQC-C(VI) (ug/L)
WQC-C(III) (u^l)
1
I
to
ft*
<"*
5"
- 5
S 3
00 L
» ^
Singing Dam Fisherville Pond Sutton St.
Rice City Pond Tupperware Dam Manville
Station
Stater Mill
Gilboa Pond Greys Pond Lexington Pond Lexington Pond
-------
Copper in Blackstone River Sediment Pore Water
to
L-J
Cu (ug/I)
Hardness (ma'L)
C. dubia % Mortality
Fathead % Mortality
WOC-A (ug/I)
WQC-C (uo/l)
150-
- 100
1
I
1
to
5"
<•>
ST
o
a
so c
5- §
~»*
tsj
U)
On .1
«
vo
Singing Dam Fisherville Pond Sutton St. Rice City Pond Tif>perware Dam
Manville
Station
Slater MiH
Gilboa Pond Greys Pond Lexington Pond Lexington Pond
-------
Nickel in Blackstone River Sediment Pore Water
Ni (ug»l)
a Hardness (mg/L)
C. dubia % Mortality
0 Fathead % Mortality
~ WQC-C (ugfl)
1
¦ 1
to
rs
5"
#£!•
^ Kj
& ^
V©
Singing Dam Fisherville Pond Sutton SI. Rice City Pond Tupperware Dam Manville Slater Mill Gilboa Pond Greys Pond Lexington Pond Lexington Pond
Station
-------
Lead in Blackstone River Sediment Pore Water
Pb (og/1)
Hardness (mg/L)
C. dubia % Mortality
[3 Fathead % Mortality
O WOC-A (119/I)
~ WOC-C (ug/l)
I
I
W
I
I
to
5"
o
??*
Co
5"
- 5
* *
& -
3 *
Vo
Singing Dam Ftsherville Pond Sutton St. Rice City Pond Tupperware Dam
Manville
Station
Slater Mill
Giboa Pond Greys Pond Lexington Pond Lexington Pond
-------
Zinc in Blackstone River Sediment Pore Water
Singing Dam Fisherville Pond Sutton St. Rice City Pond Tuppenvare Dam Manville Slater Mill Gilboa Pond Greys Pond Lexington Pond Lexington Pond
Station
-------
The pore water sample from Rice City Pond exceeded acute AWQC for chromium, copper and cadmium.
Only minor mortality occurred in the fathead minnow test (20%).
The pore water from the background stations of Gilboa and Grey's Pond and from Blackstone Dam,
Manville Dam, and Slater's Mill exceeded acute AWQC for chromium and cadmium but no significant
mortality occurred.
No chemical analysis of the pore water accompanied the second round of acute toxicity tests of pore
water (due to lack of funding). Very significant mortality occurred during the second round in pore water
samples from Fisherville Pond and Sutton Street.
LITERATURE CITED
Beyer, W.N. 1990. Evaluating Soil Contamination. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Biological Report 90
(2).
EPA 1986. Quality Criteria for Water. Office of Water Regulations and Standards. EPA 440/5-86/001.
Long, E.R. and L.G. Morgan. 1991 The Potential For Biological Effects of Sediment-SOrbed
Contaminants Tested in THe National Status and Trends Program. NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS
OMA 52.
2-35
-------
Chapter 3
1991 BLACKSTONE RIVER STUDY
BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE COMMUNITY
ANALYSES AT SELECT STATIONS
by:
Gerald M. Szal
Massachusetts Division of Water Pollution Control
Technical Services Section, North Grafton, Massachusetts
-------
Chapter 3
List of Tables and Figures
Tables Subject Page
3-1 Benthic Macroinvertebrate Sampling Station Locations 3-7
3-2 Benthic Macroinvertebrate Sampling Station Bottom Types and Current Velocity
Measurements 3-8
Figures Subject Page
3-1 Genus-Level Richness 3-9
3-2 Biotic Index 3-10
3-3 Scrapers/Collector-Filterers 3-11
3-4 EPT/Chironomid Abundances 3-12
3-5 % Contribution of Dominant Taxa 3-13
3-6 ...Number of EPT Taxa 3-14
3-7 Mean Percent Composition of Major Taxonomic Groups 3-15
-------
1991BLACKSTONE RIVER SURVEY
Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community Analyses at Select Stations
Design Overview
Benthic macroinvertebrate communities were sampled at eight stations on the mainstem Blackstone
River in Massachusetts and Rhode Island and at one station in each of two reference streams that are
tributaries to the Blackstone River. Personnel from the Biology Sections of the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), Environmental Services Division, Lexington, Massachusetts, and the
Massachusetts Division of Water Pollution Control (DWPC) Office in North Grafton, Massachusetts
collaborated on the field work for this study. Two techniques were used to collect benthic invertebrate
samples: artificial substrate deployment and kick sampling. A number of metrics commonly used to
evaluate various components of invertebrate community structure were employed to assess the samples.
The quality of community assemblages sampled at Blackstone mainstem stations was evaluated through a
comparison of metric values from one station to the next. In addition, metric values for the mainstem
station samples were also compared to those for the samples collected from the two reference streams.
Methods and Station Locations
Rock Baskets: Rock baskets were deployed in riffle habitats in the Blackstone River and two of its
tributaries, the Mumford River and the Mill River, in late July, 1991. They were recovered in late
September of the same year. Station locations and specific dates of substrate deployments are listed in
Tables 3-1 and 3-2. EPA station codes, river miles and DWPC station codes are assigned to each station.
The latter are included to allow comparisons with past DWPC surveys (Johnson, et al., 1992; and
Tennant, et al., 1974). Baskets were placed in stream sections where the water velocity at 5 cm from the
bottom was 0.3 + or - 0.1 m/s. A low velocity flow meter (Swoffer model 2100) was used to measure
current speed. Three rock baskets were deployed at each station and were anchored to the streambed with
iron reinforcing bar and wire.
To remove rock baskets from the substrates, the investigators first placed a large plastic container
downstream of each rock basket while it was being dislodged from the streambed in order to capture any
organisms that might escape from the basket. Once the wire holding the basket in place was removed, the
basket was lifted out of the stream in the plastic container and brought to the stream bank. Baskets were
opened and each rock was gently rubbed (by hand) clean of organisms. Cleaned rocks were discarded and
the remaining sample was rinsed in a Standard #30 mesh sieve-bucket. Samples were subsequently
removed from the sieve and transferred to labelled glass jars filled with 95% ethanol.
Kick Nets: Kick net sampling was conducted on September 23 and 24, 1991, immediately prior to the
removal of rock baskets from the substrates. Kick net sampling was confined to areas immediately
downstream of the rock baskets. At each station, investigators disturbed one square meter of bottom
substrates by foot while holding a d-frame net (30 mesh, Standard Sieve Series) downstream of the area
being worked to capture invertebrates released from the stream substrates. Nets were picked clean of
invertebrates and each kick net sample was transferred to a labelled jar filled with 95% ethanol.
Sample Processing: Samples generated from the rock basket and kick sampling were sent to Lotic, Inc.,
of Unity, Maine, where they were analyzed under an EPA contract. Personnel at Lotic spread the contents
of each sample on a gridded pan and used a random number table to select a 100-organism subsample
3-1
-------
from each of the basket samples and three, 100-organism subsamples from each kick-net sample. These
100-organism subsamples (called samples in the remainder of the text) were identified to genus, and
tabulated. Taxonomic lists generated for each station were sent to the DWPC office for analysis.
Data Analysis: A modification of the EPA Rapid Bioassessment Protocols (RBP) (Plafkin, et al., 1989)
was used to evaluate the taxa lists from each site. RBP protocols call for quantitative comparisons between
metric values derived from samples collected at a pristine (unimpacted by anthropogenic sources) reference
station and those derived from samples collected at a test station. These comparisons yield an inteipretation
of pollution "impact" at the test station. It is important to select sites that have similar habitats in order to
ensure that differences between stations are due to pollution rather than to habitat differences. Although the
RBP document provides a method of assessing the habitat similarities between sites, the methods do not
account for differences in stream order, or more exactly, drainage area. As the composition of invertebrate
assemblages has been shown to change with increasing stream order (Allan, 1975; Cummins, 1979; and
Minshall, et al., 1992) it may be inappropriate to make direct comparisons between metric values derived
from samples collected at sites that differ greatly in drainage area.
There are no pristine streams in Central Massachusetts that drain as large an area as the Blackstone River
does at most of the stations where studies were conducted. As a result, the drainage area size at each
reference station was much smaller than that of the test stations on the mainstem Blackstone. The RBP
protocols were not used as they are outlined since it was not possible to quantify any differences between
reference and test stations that might be due to drainage area size. In consequence, invertebrate data are
assessed in this report through a comparison of metrics and community assemblages from one station to
the next and to reference stations to evaluate trends.
Six of the metrics recommended in the RBP document were used in evaluating invertebrate data collected
in this study. These are briefly described below. Metric values were computed for each of the six 100-
organism samples collected at each station.
Richness is the number of clearly different taxa from each sample. Since one most often finds a wider
variety of organisms at clean sites than at polluted sites, this index is usually inversely correlated with
pollution.
Biotic index values were calculated using tolerance values presented in Bode, et al. (1991). Each taxon is
ascribed a value from zero to ten based on its history of occurrence in association with certain types of
pollution. The index is computed as the number of organisms in the taxon multiplied by the pollution
tolerance value for that taxon; the sum of these values over all taxa is divided by the number of
individuals in the sample and represents the mean tolerance value for an organism in the sample. The
Biotic index is most often positively correlated with organic pollution.
The Scraper/Collector-Filterer index is a ratio of the number of individuals in the scraper functional
feeding group divided by the number of individuals classified as collector-filterers. The feeding group
assignments listed in Bode, et al. (1991) were used for this index. The relative abundance of collector-
filterers is often high in streams that are also high in concentrations of suspended organic materials.
Scrapers are more often associated with waters that have a specific type of periphytic growth most often
found in unimpacted streams. This index is usually inversely correlated with organic pollution.
The EPT/Chironomid Abundance index is a ratio of the number of individuals in the Ephemeroptera,
Plecoptera and Trichoptera (EPT) orders (mayfly, stonefly and caddisfly orders, respectively) divided by
the number of individuals in the Chironomidae (the midges, a family of flies). Members of the three EPT
orders are often associated with waters that are not prone to low levels of dissolved oxygen and other
3-2
-------
effects of organic pollution. One family of trichopterans, however, the Hydropsychidae, is often found in
high numbers where the concentration of suspended organic matter is high. In contrast to most EPT taxa,
certain species of chironomids are found in high numbers where oxygen concentrations dip to very low
levels. Other species of chironomids have been found in high numbers in waters heavily contaminated
with certain metals. This index is most often inversely correlated with pollution.
The Percent Contribution of Dominant Taxa index is most often positively correlated with water
pollution. In general, organically enriched sites, or sites prone to other forms of pollution, are often
dominated by one or two taxa that are tolerant of the pollutant(s). In contrast, streams in pristine areas
often are inhabited by a wider variety of taxa with a more even distribution of individuals among different
taxonomic groups.
The last index, EPT, is the number of distinctively different taxonomic groups from the EPT orders found
in each sample. As mentioned, a wider variety of EPT taxa has been found in pristine waters than in areas
subjected to anthropogenic disturbances.
Results and Discussion
The macroinvertebrate taxa lists (see Appendix E) and the metrics derived from them (Figures 3—(1-6))
all suggest the same general trend: the invertebrate community sampled at BIOl, the most upstream
station on the Blackstone (located about half a mile downstream of the Upper Blackstone wastewater
treatment plant and downstream of the city of Worcester), is fairly degraded. The quality of the
invertebrate assemblage improves dramatically, however, between station BIOl and BI02 (located
approximately four miles downstream in Sutton). Between stations BI02 and BI04 (located in Uxbridge)
the community assemblages do not change as substantially, but still exhibit minor improvements.
Between stations BI04 and BI06 (in Millville), invertebrate community assemblages exhibit extensive
improvements compared to upstream stations. Between BI06 and BI08 (located in Blackstone, MA,
near the Massachusetts-Rhode Island border) the improvements are even more substantial. Across the
state line and downstream of the city of Woonsocket, Rhode Island, the quality of the community
assemblage degenerates. Metric values from samples, collected from BI09 (located in Lincoln, RI) all
indicate a negative change in the quality of the benthic community when compared to those for BI08;
these regress even further at the second Rhode Island station, BIO 10 (in Pawtucket, RI).
The taxonomic composition of the sample from station BIOl was heavily dominated by chironomids (see
Figure 3-7): over 89% of the sample was made up of individuals from this one family of dipterans.
Tubificid worms, also found at this site, were not found at any of the other stations in substantial numbers.
These organisms are most often found in areas that are prone to heavy organic loading and oxygen stress.
Although they were found in all kick samples collected at this station, none were found in the basket
samples. One explanation for this is that the kick sampling exposes subsurface sediments. If these are
poorly oxygenated, the likelihood of encountering tubificids or other organisms adapted to living in low
oxygen environments is increased by using the kick sampling method when compared with the rock
basket method. Rock baskets deployed in these studies were placed on top of the stream substrates and the
flow rate of oxygenated water through these baskets was probably higher than through the natural
substrates.
The Richness at station BIOl is higher than that at some of the other mainstem stations. High Richness
values are often a sign of a healthy community; however, the Biotic index for this station is also much
higher than that for all other mainstem stations. The latter indicates that, on the average, the organisms in
the BIOl samples were much more tolerant of organic pollution than those from other stations. This is
3-3
-------
also reflected in the EPT index, the EPT/Chironomid index and the Scraper/Collector-Filterer index, all of
which indicate a degraded condition at BIOl compared to other stations farther downstream and
compared to the two reference stations.
At station BI02 and throughout the remainder of the mainstem stations, the invertebrate assemblages
undergo a dramatic change from chironomid-domiriated to hydropsychid caddisfly-dominated. The latter
are commonly referred to as "net-spinning" caddisflies as they construct sizeable (up to approximately 3
cm long) nets from which they filter and collect organic food matter from the water column in the form of
algae and fine suspended particulates.
It is likely that the large difference in the community assemblages between BIOl and BI02 is related to
the toxic effects of chlorine from the Upper Blackstone wastewater treatment plant or other more
upstream sources such as the Worcester CSO facility. Since there was no invertebrate station located
upstream of BIOl, it is impossible to isolate the exact source of the impacts found at this station. In at
least two other macroinvertebrate studies conducted by the Biology Section of DWPC (Johnson, et al.,
1986; and Nuzzo and Kennedy, 1992), a similar change in community assemblages was documented
downstream of chlorinated discharges. In each of these, hydropsychids were either eliminated or the
percent composition of this group was drastically reduced. Midges and worms predominated at the
stations closest to the chlorinated discharges in both of the past studies while hydropsychids and other
groupsrbegan to appear farther downstream. Dissolved oxygen levels did not appear to be a factor in these
studies?; and neither did toxicity due to ammonia. Studies conducted by the DWPC (Nuzzo and Kennedy,
1992), and by DWPC in coordination with EPA (Szal, et al., 1991) have documented acute toxicity
(mortality) of chlorine to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in 24-hr in situ studies. In one of these
studies, a zone of 100% mortality to deployed minnows extended as far as 1.5 miles downstream of the
chlorinated discharge. As a result, it is not unreasonable to expect to see toxicity to the macroinvertebrate
community at station BIOl due to chlorine releases from nearby sources.
Richness at BI02 is approximately the same as at BIOl. Tubificids have essentially disappeared from the
sample. Chironomids, although much reduced in relative abundance, are still a major component of the
community at this station. Two additional groups, the amphipods and isopods (both crustaceans) are
important in the assemblage at this station, but not at any other. Both are considered collectors or
gatherers of organic matter and the crustacean genera found at BI02 are fairly tolerant of organic
pollution and low oxygen conditions. The Biotic index exhibits its greatest improvement between
stations BIOl and BI02 and remains approximately the same until station BI08 where there is further
improvement.
EPT onanisms appear in substantial numbers at BI02, but the EPT taxa at this site (genera Hydropsyche,
Cheumatopsyche and Baetis) are only intermediate in their tolerance of organic pollution. Much more
sensitive EPT taxa begin to appear in samples collected farther downstream. As EPT taxa are present at
this station, this has a positive effect on both the EPT/Chironomid Abundance metric as well as the EPT
index when compared with respective metric values from station BIOl.
The relative proportion of hydropsychids found in the benthic samples increases between stations BI02
and BI03 (located in Northbridge) and increases even further at station BI04 (downstream of Rice City
Pond in Uxbridge). Although we did not generate any quantitative information on invertebrate densities
in this study, the high abundance of hydropsychids at stations BI03 and BI04 was noteworthy. They
completely covered all exposed surfaces of the benthic substrates in riffle areas at these stations. The
high numbers of hydropsychids were probably related at least in part to the number of impoundments and
dams located along the Blackstone mainstem. Nutrients from upstream sites favor the production of
phytoplankton in impounded areas; this in combination with the breakup of particulate organic matter as
3-4
-------
it passes over dams may have increased the concentration of organic matter in the size range most utilized
by hydropsychids. Algae produced in impoundments may have represented an important component of
the suspended particulates used as food by hydropsychids at BI03 and BI04. The decrease in relative
abundance of hydropsychids at stations farther downstream may be a response to decreasing
concentrations of organic matter or due to a change in form of the suspended organic particles (i.e., the
latter may no longer be in the size range most utilized by hydropsychids).
Richness values decreased from station BI02 to BI03 and remained low at BI04, probably as a result of
the high densities of hydropsychids. EPT essentially remains the same through stations BI02, BI03 and
BI04, although mayfly densities (approximately 1.3% of the individuals collected) are higher at BI04
than they are at BI03 and BI02 (only one ephemeropteran individual was found among the 600
individuals collected at each of the latter stations). The EPT/Chironomid Abundance index also improves
from station BI02 through station BI04. This is a result of the increasing relative abundance of
hydropsychid caddisflies.
Mayflies first become a significant component of the invertebrate assemblage at station BI06 (located in
Millville). Their prevalence increases slightly at the next station, BI08, where they account for over 20%
of the organisms collected. The change in relative abundance of mayflies from stations BI02, BI03 and
BI04 compared to stations BI06 and BI08 may be related, in part, to the organic component of the water
column which no longer so strongly favors the Hydropsychidae. There are fewer impoundments and dams
between BI04 and BI08 than there are between BIOl and BI04. A decrease in the turbidity of the water,
due to both settling of particulates as well as to the filtering activity of hydropsychids at upstream sites,
would also favor the growth of periphyton on substrates. This, in turn, would encourage the proliferation
of the scraper functional feeding groups. The latter show a marked jump in relative abundance at stations
BI06 and BI08. Data on periphyton productivity in riffle areas would be needed to evaluate this
relationship.
Four of the six indices indicate improvements in the quality of the invertebrate assemblage from BI06 to
BI08. Three of these show substantive improvements. Whereas richness increases only slightly from
station BI03 to BI04, and then again slightly between stations BI04 and BI06, it increases by an additional
50% between BI06 and BI08. One component of this change in richness is the number of EPT taxa which
increases approximately 60% between BI04 and BI06 and an additional 70% between BI06 and BI08. The
overall evenness of the distribution of individuals among the different taxonomic groups increases from
BI06 to BI08 (see Appendix E) and this is reflected in a decrease in the Percent Contribution of Dominant
Taxa metric which averages below 40% at station BI08. Values for this metric as well as for the EPT and
Scrapers/Collector-Filterer metrics are more similar to those from the two reference streams than are values
for these metrics from other stations. The Biotic index value for station BI08, while still higher than the
values for the two reference streams, averages lower than that for all the other mainstem stations. Without
data from pristine streams in this ecoregion that are similar in drainage area to mainstem stations it is
difficult to assess the degree of impairment, if any, still remaining at station BI08.
The quality of the invertebrate community declines distinctly between stations BI08 and the first Rhode
Island station, BI09. All six metrics undergo a negative change between the two stations. This trend
continues between stations BI09 and BIO 10 (the most downstream station located in Pawtucket, RI)
where there is further degradation of all six metrics. Major changes between stations BI08 and the two
Rhode Island stations include losses in sensitive EPT taxa, an increase in hydropsychids and an increase
in the relative abundance of chironomids. The relative abundance of mayflies decreases from a mean
of 24% in the BI08 data set to a mean of 9% at BI09 and is further reduced to a mean of 2% at BIO10.
This is accompanied by an increase in the relative abundance of hydropsychids from 67% at BI08 to 79%
at BI09 to 89% at BIO10. The increases in hydropsychids indicate either an increase in the suspended
3-5
-------
organic particulate concentrations in the water column in the Rhode Island segment of the river, or
perhaps a negative change in dissolved oxygen concentrations which would preclude more sensitive taxa
from colonizing these areas.
A comparison of the data from mainstem stations to the reference station data sets yields the same general
trend as described above: the taxonomic composition of the community at BIOl is least similar to the
reference communities of all mainstem stations and the similarity between mainstem stations and
reference stations increases until station BI08 where the invertebrate community is most similar to the
reference stations of all mainstem stations. This trend reverses in Rhode Island.
LITERATURE CITED
Allan, D.J. 1975. The distributional ecology and diversity of benthic insects in Cement Creek, Colorado.
Ecology, Vol. 56:1040-1053.
Bode, R.W., M.A. Novak and L.E. Abele. 1991. Quality assurance work plan for biological stream
monitoring in New York state. Stream Biomonitoring Unit, Bureau of Monitoring and Assessment,
Division of Water, Department of Environmental Conservation, 50 Wolf Rd, Albany, NY 12233-3503.
Cummins, K.W. 1979. The natural stream ecosystem. In:The Ecology of Regulated Streams. J.V. Ward
and J.A. Stanford (eds.). Plenum Press, NY. pp 7-23.
Johnson, A.S., J.J. Jonasch, R.M. Nuzzo and M. Wheeler. 1986. Biological assessment of water pollution
in the Ten Mile River basin, 1984. Massachusetts Department of Environmental Quality Engineering,
Division of Water Pollution Control, Technical Services Section, Westborough, Massachusetts, 01581.
For a reprint, contact DWPC at the North Grafton Address.
Johnson, A.S., R.M. Nuzzo, L.E. Kennedy. 1992. A report on biological conditions in the Blackstone
River and selected tributaries - results of the 1985 biomonitoring survey. Massachusetts Department of
Environmental Protection, Division of Water Pollution Control, Technical Services Section, North
Grafton, MA. July, 1992.
Minshall, G.W., R.C. Petersen, T.L. Bott, C.E. Cushing, K.W. Cummins, R.L. Vannote and J.R. Sedell.
1992. Stream ecosystem dynamics of the Salmon River, Idaho: an 8th-order system. Journal of the North
American Benthological Society, Vol. 11(2): 111-137.
Nuzzo, R.M. and L.E. Kennedy. 1992. Matfield River survey, 1989. Massachusetts Department of
Environmental Protection, Division of Water Pollution Control, P.O. Box 116, 40 Institute Rd., North
Grafton, Massachusetts, 01536.
Plafkin, J.L., M.T. Barbour, K.D. Porter, S.K, Gross and R.M. Hughes. 1989. Rapid bioassessment
protocols for use in streams and rivers: benthic macroinvertebrates and fish. United States Environmental
Protection Agency, Assessment and Watershed Protection Division, 401 M. St., S.W., Washington, D.C.,
20460. EPA/444/4-89-001, May, 1989.
Szal, G.M., P.M. Nolan, L.E. Kennedy, C.P. Barr and M.D. Bilger. 1991. The toxicity of chlorinated
wastewater: instream and laboratory case studies. Research Journal, Water Pollution Control Federation.
Vol. 63(6) :910-920.
3-6
-------
Benthic Macroinvertebrate Sampling Station Locations
DWPC
STATION
ID
EPA
STATION
ID
RIVER
MILE
DESCRIPTION
ARTIFICAL
SUBSTRATES
DEPLOYED
ARTIFICIAL
SUBSTRATES
COLLECTED
nsio
BIOl
44.0
Blackstone River in a riffle/run area located approximately 160
yds upstream of McCracken Road bridge, Millbuiy
30 July
23 Sept.
BS12
BI02
39.7
Blackstone River in a riffle/run area located approximately 70
yds downstream from Singing Dam, Sutton
30 July
23 Sept.
BS14
BI03
33.6
Blackstone River in a deep riffle area located behind the Coz
Chemical Company, upstream from the Sutton Street Bridge,
Northbridge
30 July
23 Sept.
nsic
BI04
27.4
Blackstone River in a run/pool/riffle area located behind an
island downstream from the outlet of Rice City Pond, Hartford
Avenue, Uxbridge
30 July
23 Sept.
US 18
BI06
19.8
Blackstone River in run/riffle area located approximately 90
yds upstream of Central Street Bridge, Millville
30 July
24 Sept.
BS19
BI08
16.5
Blackstone River in a riffle area located approximately 40 yds
downstream from the Bridge Street Dam, First Avenue,
Blackstone
31 July
24 Sept.
BSRI1
BI09
9.8
Blackstone River in a run/riffle area located approximately 180
yd8 downstream from the Manville Hill Road Bridge, Lincoln,
RI
31 July
24 Sept.
BSRI2
BIO 10
0.0
Blackstone River in a run/riffle area located approximately 40
yds downstream from Slater Mill Dam, Pawtucket, RI
31 July
24 Sept.
MF02
M05:MR
25.5/11.1
Mumford River in a riffle/run area located approximately 5 yds
downstream from an unnamed bridge off of Manchaug Street
at the outlet of Grays Pond, East Douglas
31 July
24 Sept.
ML05
ni07:MI
13.3/3.0
Mill River in a riffle/run area located approximately 70 yds
upstream of Summer Street Bridge, Blackstone
31 July
24 Sept.
-------
Table 3-2
Blackstone River Survey 1991
Benthic Macroinvertebrate Sampling Station Bottom Types and Current Velocity1 Measurements
DWPC
STATION
ID
EPA
STATION
ID
RIVER
^QLE
BOTTOM TYPE
CURRENT VELOCITY
BS10
BIOl
44.0
gravel
0.26
0.29
0.31
BS12
BI02
39.7
cobble, gravel, boulder
0.37
0.38
0.21
BS14
BI03
33.6
cobble, gravel
0.41
0.38
0.38
BS16
BI04
27.4
coarse, gravel, sand
cobble
0.40
0.32
0.25
BS18
BI06
19.8
gravel, sand
0.20
0.33
0.44
BS19
BIOS
16.5
boulder
0.25
0.22
0.15
BSRI1
BI09
9.8
boulder, cobble
0.19
0.21
0.39
BSRI2
BIOIO
0.0
boulder, cobble, sand
0.32
0.39
0.40
MF02
BI05:MR
25.5/11.1
cobble, gravel, sand
0.26
0.26
0.39
ML05
BI07:MI
13.3/3.0
boulder
021
0.36
0.28
1 Measurements reported as m/s over a 30 second integrated period at each rock basket.
3-8
-------
20
Genus-Level Richness
(/)
CD
c
o
CC
15
10
V*
vb
0
s
/
s
\
r
/
/
s
V
/
/
/
\
V
/
/
/
\
s
/
/
/
s
N
/
/
/
\
s
/
/
/
\
V
/
/
/
\
s
/
/
/
\
s
/
/
/
\
s
/
/
/
\
\
/
/
/
s
\
/
/
/
V
\
/
/
r
V
/
1
BI01
(44.0)
BI02
(39.7)
m
/
r~
/
r\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
71
\
/
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
/
\
/
/
/
\
/
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
I
\
"S
PI
\
\
/
\
\
/
\
\
/
\
\
/
\
\
/
\
\
/
\
\
/
\
\
/
\
\
/
\
\
l/
\
\
/
S
¦v
S
s
s
\
s
' / \
r***
BI03 BI04
BI06
BI08 BI09
BIO10
(0.0)
BI05:MR
(25.5/11.1)
(33.6) (27.4) (19.8) (16.5) (9.8)
Biomonitoring Stations (and River Miles)
BI07:MI
(13.3/3.0)
basket#1
kick#1
basket#2
kick#2
basket#3
kick#3
* denotes no data
-------
Biotic Index
i
O
7
6
X 5
CD °
T3
C 4
S3
o
in 2
1
o
N
\
\
s
/\
/ \
/\
/\
/\
/ \
/ s
/ \
/ \
/ s
/ \
/ \
/\
/\
/ N
/ \
/ \
/ \
/\
/s
/ s
/\
/S
s
BI01
(44.0)
/
r\
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
s
\
\
s
\
\
\
v
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
s
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
/N
//
m
\
\
n
_
s
\
\
/
/
V
\
s
/
/
V
\
\
/
/
s
\
\
/
/
s
\
\
/
/
\
V
s
\
\
/
/
\
\
/
/
\
\
/
/
s
s
\
/
/
\
\
/
/
s
S
\
/
/
S
\
/
/
\
\
s
/
/
s
\
\
/
/
s
\
/
/
s
\
s
/
t
f
\
\
s
7\
r\
/
/
/
\
/
/
/
\
/
/
/
\
/
/
/
\
/
/
/
\
/
/
/
\
/
/
/
\
/
/
/
\
'
/
/
\
/
/
/
\
/
/
/
\
/
/
/
\
/
/
/
\
/
/
/
s
/
/
/
\
/
/
/
s
/
/
/
\
/
/
/
c
\
/
/
\
/
/
I
\
'A
//
/
BI02
(39.7)
BI03
BI04
BI06
BI08
BI09
BIO10 BI05:MR
(33.6) (27.4) (19.8) (16.5) (9.8) (0.0) (25.5/11.1)
Biomonitoring Stations (and River Miles)
BI07:MI
(13.3/3.0)
basket#1
basket#2
basket#3
kick#1
kick#2
kick#3
* denotes no data
-------
c
d)
e 70
0)
CL
w 60
si-
tu. 50
0)
L.
^ >irv
±i 40
ii_
5 30
4-»
o
= 20
o
" 10
La
0)
£• o
(U
L.
o
if)
Scrapers/Collector-Filterers
xxxxxx xxxxxx xxyxxx x, xi -CK]
xBi
£H3_
sS
BI01
(44.0)
BI02
(39.7)
BI03
(33.6)
22 basket#1
BI04 BI06 BI08 BI09 BIO10 BI05:MR BI07:MI
(27.4) (19.8) (16.5) (9.8) (0.0) (25.5/11.1) (13.3/3.0)
Biomonitoring Stations (and River Miles)
basket#2 basket#3
kick#1
* denotes no data
x: No scrapers found in this sample
kick#2
kick#3
-------
EPT/Chironomid Abundances
100
10
13
¦ MMM
E
o
c
o
•— 1
JC
O
i—
Q-
LLJ
0.1
0.01
BIOI
(44.0)
\
\
\
\
sj
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
s
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
BI02
(39.7)
am
BI03
(33.6)
it
BI04
(27.4)
V
\J
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
V
\
\
\
\
\
S
\
\
s
\
\
\
\
N
\
\
s
\
\
\
\
BI06
(19.8)
BI08
(16.5)
/
/
r\
/
/
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
s
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
s
/
[
\
Biomonitoring Stations (and River Miles)
A*'
BI09 BIO10 BI05:MR
(9.8) (0.0) (25.5/11.1)
BI07:MI
(13.3/3.0)
basket#1
basket#2
basket#3
§3 kick#1
§3 kick#2
kick#3
* denotes no data
~ denotes abundance of EPT since Chironomids = 0
x: No EPT found in this sample
-------
03
3
C
cd
c
E
o
Q
c
o
Vj
rj
5
c
o
O
100
80
60
40
20
0
BIOI
(44.0)
% Contribution of Dominant Taxa
y
/
/
-1
/
/
\
/
/
s
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
\
/
/
s
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
/
\
/
\
/
A
/
>
N
\
\
V
s
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
\
V
si
\]
\
V
n
\
\
/
\
\
/
\
v
/
\
\
/
\
\
/
s
\
/
\
\
/
\
\
s
\
\
/
\
\
/
\
\
/
\
\
/
/
n
\
>
7
\
\
/
\
\
/
\
s
/
\
\
/
s
\
/
\
\
/
s
\
/
\
\
r
\
\
/
\
/
\
/
\
\
/
\
\
/
\
\
/
s
\
/
s
\
/
\
\
/
s
\
/
\
\
/
\
\
/
\
\
/
s
\
f
\
\
/
-
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
/
f
\
ri
\
/
s
/
s
\
\
/
S
s
s
/
\
V
\
/
s
\
s
/
\
\
s
/
\
\
\
r
\
s
\
: -k -k fc
BI02
(39.7)
BI03
BI04
BI06
BI08
(33.6) (27.4)
(19.8) (16.5)
BI09 BIO10 BI05:MR BI07:MI
(9.8) (0.0) (25.5/11.1) (13.3/3.0)
Biomonitoring Stations (and mver Miles)
basket#1
kick#1
basket#2
kick#2
basket#3
kick#3
to
s-
r»
?>¦*
Cn
5"
a
a R
<"s
2
a
S3"
2
oa
*0
VO
U>
i
* denotes no data
-------
12
Number of EPT Taxa
4-
10
8
h-
CL 6
111
4
2
0
BIOI
(44.0)
BI02
(39.7)
\
/
\
/
\
/
\
/
\
"N
/¦
\
s
/
\
V
/
\
\
/
\
\
/
\
s
/
\
s
/
\
s
/
\
s
/
\
\
—
/
\
\
/
\
\
/
\
\
s
/
"I
BI03 BI04
BI06
BI08 BI09
(33.6) (27.4) (19.8) (16.5) (9.8)
Biomonitoring Stations
BIO10 BI05:MR BI07:MI
(0.0) (25.5/11.1) (13.3/3.0)
(and River Miles)
basket#1
kick#1
* denotes no data
x: No EPT found in this sample
basket#2
kick#2
basket#3
kick#3
-------
Mean* Percent Composition of Major Taxonomic Groups
to 100
o
CL
E
o
O
o°
C
(0
------- |