Results of Toxicity Tests and Chemical Analyses Performed on
Stormwater Runoff Effluents from Northern Rhode Island
George Morrison
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
27 Tarzwell Dr.
Narragansett, RI 02882
Elise Petrocelli
Science Applications international Corporation
c/o U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
27 Tarzwell Dr.
Narragansett, RI 02882
ERL-Narragansett contribution number 1226.
Mention of trade names does not constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use by the United States Environmental
Protection Agency.
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Results of Toxicity Tests and Chemical Analyses Performed on
Stormwater Runoff Effluents from Northern Rhode Island
A study of the toxicity of stormwater runoff was conducted
on six occasions during the spring, summer and early fall o£
1990. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relative
toxicity of runoff samples from four different urban environmental
(industrial, roadway, residential, and parking lot) to freshwater'
and marine organisms. Samples of runoff water were also analyzed
for general water quality parameters as well as priority
pollutant metals and organics. These data can be used in
preliminary evaluations of the significance of toxicants in
stormwater runoff and assessments of the impact on fresh and
saltwater environments.
Toxicity tests were conducted using two freshwater
(Pimephales promelas and Ceriodaphnia flublfl) and three saltwater
(Muliaia lateralis, Acbacla punctulata, and MgpidU frsryUina)
species. The samples were moderately toxic with 37% (9 out of
24) showing effects (LC50/EC50) at i 25% runoff concentrations.
Toxicity test results were variable in respect to the most
sensitive test species and most toxic collection sites, in
i
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general, Mulinia lateralis was the most sensitive species and
Station 4 (Warwick Mall parking lot) was, consistently, the most
toxic sample collection site. There was a strong positive
correlation between the degree of toxicity and the length of the
dry period preceding a given storm event. Whether the input from
these four specific sites or the cumulative input from all runoff
sources would reach toxic concentrations in the Pawtuxet or
Providence River receiving waters was not part of this study and
remains to be determined.
Preliminary examination of the results suggests a possible
correlation between some of the heavy metal concentrations and
the occurrence of toxicity to two of the saltwater species.
ii
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Introduction
Stormwater runoff from drainage basins with various land
uses may contain substances toxic to aquatic organisms. However,
the response of aquatic organisms exposed to this contaminated
runoff is poorly documented. Therefore, in order to better
understand this phenomenon, runoff samples from storm drains in
northern Rhode Island were collected from April to September for
chemical analysis and toxicity assessment.
Runoff samples from four areas dominated by different land
uses were evaluated. These uses included a shopping mall parking
lot, an industrial area, a heavy use highway, and a residential
area (Table 1) [Hoffman et al., 1983]. Three of the four runoff
effluents discharge into the freshwater Pawtuxet River and one
into the brackish Providence River. All of these runoffs
eventually enter Narragansett Bay. Therefore, three
marine/estuarine tests and two freshwater tests were used to
assess the toxicity of these samples. This report discusses the
results of these toxicity tests and presents a preliminary
assessment of possible causes and effects. The results of
chemical analyses and description of the freshwater toxicity
tests are presented in Appendices A,B, and C.
Methods
Sample Collection
Each of the four sites was sampled during six separate storm
events (Table 2). The sampling plan was to make five collections
1
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at 15 minute intervals at each site for a period of one hour for
each storm event. The only exception to this procedure was on
5/16/90 when only one sample was collected. Sampling was
initiated at the first flow of water from the storm drains. Grab
samples were collected with plastic buckets and samples for
toxicity tests and analysis of water quality parameters were
composited on site in four 5-gallon plastic cubitainers. Samples
collected for chemical analysis were also composited on site in
separate containers provided by the analytical laboratory (SAIC,
San Diego). All samples were transported on ice to ERL-N under
appropriate EPA chain-of-custody procedures. Upon arrival at
ERL-N, water samples were packed on ice and shipped to the other
participating laboratories (EPA ERL-Duluth, MN for freshwater
toxicity testing, SAIC, San Diego, CA for priority pollutants,
and New England Testing Laboratory, North Providence, RI for
water quality parameters analysis), also under appropriate chain-
of-custody procedures. A subsample of each 5-gallon composite
was held in ERL-N at 4°C until saltwater toxicity tests were
performed. All water samples were tested for toxicity within 48
hours of collection.
The following is a description of the saltwater methods and
test results, including a compilation of the freshwater test
results. The specific freshwater toxicity test methods and
results for each individual storm event are included in Appendix
A. The water quality parameter and priority pollutant analyses
are chronologically presented in Appendices B and C,
2
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respectively. The analytical detection limits are presented at
the beginning of Appendix C.
Saltwater tests
Runoff samples, with one exception, were always freshwater
(0°/oo salinity). The only exception was the collection at
Station 1 on 5/29/90 which had a residual salinity (from the
previous high tide) of 2 o/oo. Therefore, all samples were
adjusted up to toxicity test salinity (10°/oo, 25°/oo, or 30°/oo)
using hypersaline brine made from filtered Narragansett Bay, RI
seawater [US EPA, 1938]. Samples were tested at the highest
concentration possible after salinity adjustment {90%, 751, or
70%, respectively}. In addition, four 1:1 dilutions of the
highest effluent concentration with reconstituted seawater (brine
+ deionized water) were tested.
Brine + deionized water controls were tested to assure that
no toxicity resulted from the addition of brine to samples.
Toxicity tests also included a performance control of filtered
Narragansett Bay seawater to demonstrate the response of the test
organisms to seawater of known quality.
Toxicity tests conducted on effluent samples were the sea
urchin (Arbacia gunctulata) fertilization test {US EPA, 19881,
the inland silversides (Menidia beryllina) 48-hour acute test (us
EPA, 1985], and the coot clam {Kulinia lateralis) 48-hour
embryo/larval test (Table 3) [US EPA, in press]. The A.
punctulata and lateralis tests included three replicates of
3
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200 arid 75 embryos/ml respectively. The bervllina tests
included two replicates of ten animals each.
All marine toxicity test data were analyzed using the
Trimmed Spearman-Karber procedure [Hamilton, Russo, and Thurston,
1977] to generate EC50s (an estimate of the effluent
concentration causing a 50% effect) for the &. punctulata and M.
lateralis data or LC50s (an estimate of the effluent
concentration causing 50% mortality) for the JJ. bervllina data.
Freshwater tests
The freshwater acute toxicity tests employed were the 96-
hour fathead minnow Pimephales promelas and 48-hour cladoceran
Ceriodaphnia dubia procedures {US EPA, 1985]. The methods and
results are described in detail in Appendix A.
Statistical Analysis
All biological test endpoints (EC50/LC50) were compared to
the concentrations of copper, lead, and zinc by determination of
correlation coefficients. These metals were the only compounds,
either organic or inorganic, that consistently occurred in
apparently elevated concentrations.
Chemical Analysis
Samples were analyzed for general water quality parameters
(Appendix B), and EPA priority pollutant metals and organics
(Appendix C).
4
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Results
Saltwater
All M. lateralis and A. punctulata controls were acceptable.
A control from one of the six £J. bervllina tests was
unacceptable; however, no toxicity was evident in any of the
stormwater samples tested using this species (including those
with the unacceptable controls).
All six runoff samples collected at Station 1 (Aliens Ave.,
industrial) were toxic to'JJ. lateralis (Table 4). Two of these
six samples were also toxic to punctulata (Table 5). Samples
from Station 2 (1-95, highway) were less frequently toxic; three
samples from this station were toxic to lateralis. and only
one of these three was also toxic to &. punctulata. Five of six
samples collected at Station 3 (Manolla Ave., residential) were
toxic to M. lateralis. but again, only one of these five samples
was also toxic to punctulata. Water from Station 4 (Mall
parking lot) was toxic to JJ. lateralis on five of six occasions;
on three of these occasions, Station 4 water was also toxic to
punctulata.
The saltwater toxicity test species most sensitive to the
stormwater runoff effluents was Mulinia lateralis. In 17 of the
24 (71%) effluents collected over this study, U. lateralis was
the most sensitive species tested. Arbacia punctulata was the
most sensitive species tested to two effluent samples. Menidia
beryllina was not sensitive to any runoff effluent.
5
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Freshwater
The compiled results of the six freshwater tests are shown
in Tables 6 and 7. Detailed descriptions of the methods and
results for each of the storm events are in Appendix A.
The most sensitive freshwater test species was Ceriodaphnia
dubia which indicated some degree of toxicity in 15 of the 24
samples (62%). The fathead minnow detected toxicity 37% of the
time, showing significant mortality in 9 out of 24 samples.
Some similarities between the marine and freshwater test
results were that Station 4 (Warwick Mall parking lot)
consistently produced the most impacted samples and runoff from
the 8/19/90 rainfall was the most consistently toxic at the four
sampling sites of all storm events.
Toxicity to both freshwater and saltwater species was
observed at all four stations during the five months of this
study, but varied widely among storm events. The storm events
that caused the greatest toxic response (lowest EC50/LC50) for
each species at each station are indicated in Tables 4-7. A
summary of greatest toxic responses show that there were seven
associated with the 8/19 storm, five with the 5/29 storm, two
with the 4/3 storm, one with the 9/17 storm, and none with the
5/16 and 8/8 storms. A regression analysis of the number of most
toxic responses associated with each storm and the length of
preceding dry period (Table 2) gave an strong correlation
(R2-0.93) indicating, as would be expected, an accumulation of
toxic materials during the dry periods.
6
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Chemical Analysis
The results of the water quality and priority pollutants are
shown in Appendices B and C respectively. Most of the organic
priority pollutants were below the detection limits listed at the
beginning of Appendix C.
Statistical Analysis
The results of the correlation coefficient analysis are
shown in Table 8. There was a statistically significant
relationship (a - 0.05) between elevated concentrations of metals
(copper, lead, and zinc) and toxicity for both Mulinia lateralisl
and Arbacia punctulata. The only significant correlation in the
freshwater tests was between Pimephales promelas and zinc. There
were no correlations between Ceriodaphnia dubia toxicity and any
of the metals.
Discussion
The samples collected during the course of this study were
moderately toxic with 37* (9 out of 24) having EC50s or LC50s
less than or equal to 25%.
For those samples that were toxic, the marine test organisms
(Mulinia lateralis and Arbacia punctulata) generally tended to be
more sensitive than the freshwater (Pimephales promelas and
Ceriodaphnia dubia) species. Whether this is unique to this
study is problematic as there is very little comparative
7
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marine/freshwater toxicity data available. The relative toxicity
of the stormwater runoff to both freshwater and saltwater test
organisms was directly correlated with the length of the dry
period preceding storm event.
A majority of the priority pollutant concentrations were
below detection limits and those organic compounds that were
detectable did not show any pattern that would explain the
observed toxicity. Hoffman et al. , (1984), reporting on chemical
analyses of water samples from these four sites, found some of
the individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (i.e.,
phenanthrene and fluoranthene) in the same range as our analyses.
However, most of the organic data in this and other studies
(Hoffman et al., 1982, 1983, 1985 and Latimer et al., 1986) is
presented as total petroleum hydrocarbons and converted to total
runoff amounts (loading), thus making direct comparison with the
present study difficult. Hoffman et al., (1985) reported
concentrations of the metals lead, copper, and cadmium equivalent
to those measured in the present study.
Identification of the toxicity causing constituents was not
part of the study design. However, a preliminary correlation
analysis of metal data for copper, lead, and zinc showed a direct
relationship between metal concentrations and toxicity to Mulinia
lateralis and Arbacia punctulata. Indeed, both copper [US EPA,
1985] and zinc [US EPA, 1987] did, at times, appear in
concentrations where toxicity to these test organisms might bc>
expected. However, the chemical analyses performed for this
8
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study did not differentiate between particulate and dissolved
(thus, biologically available) forms of the metals. Similarly,
the statistical analyses do not take into account runoff
components that may be additive, synergistic, or antagonistic in
their effect. The only way to conclusively determine the
causative agent(s) would be to conduct a Toxicity Identification
Evaluation (TIE) on each sample.
Conclusions
From the results of these tests, it is clear that stormwater
runoff, at high concentrations, can be acutely toxic to some
aquatic organisms with, perhaps, the marine species being
somewhat more vulnerable. Whether the input from these four
specific sites or the cumulative input from all runoff sources
would reach toxic concentrations in the Pawtuxet of Providence
River receiving waters was not part of this study and remains to
be determined.
9
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References
Hamilton, M.A., R.C. Russo, and R.V. Thurston. 1977. Trimmed
Spearman-Karber method for estimating median lethal
concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environ. Sci.
Technol. 11(7):714-719.
Hoffman, E.J., J.S. Latimer, G.L. Mills, and J.G. Quinn. 1982.
Petroleum hydrocarbons in urban runoff from a
commercial land use area. Jour, Water. Poll. Cont.
Fed. 54(11):1517-1525.
Hoffman, E.J., G.L. Mills, J.S. Latimer, and J.G. Quinn. 1983.
Annual input of petroleum hydrocarbons to the coastal
environment via urban runoff. Can. J. Fish. Aquat.
Sci. V. 40, Supp. 2: 41-53.
Hoffman, E.J., G.L. Mills, J.S. Latimer, and J.G. Quinn. 1984.
Urban runoff as a source of polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons to coastal waters. Environ. Sci. Technol.
18(8) -.580-587.
Hoffman, E.J., J.S. Latimer, C.D. Hunt, G.L. Mills, and J.G.
Quinn. 1885. Stormwater runoff from highways. Water,
Air, and Soil Pollution. 25:349-364.
Latimer, J.S., G.L. Mills, E.J. Hoffman, and J.G. Quinn. 1986.
Treatment of Solids and petroleum hydrocarbons in storm
runoff with an on-site detention basin. Bull. Environ.
Contam. Toxicol. 36s548-555.
1988. Short-Term Methods for Estimating the Chronic
Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to Marine
and Estuarine Organisms. EPA Office of Research and
Development EPA-600/4-87/028 (May 1988).
in press. Short-Term Methods for Estimating the
Chronic Toxicity of Effluents and Receiving Waters to
Marine and Estuarine Organisms. EPA Office of Research
and Development. Supplement: Coot Clam (Mulinia
lateralis) 48-hour Embryo/larval Test.
1985. Methods for Measuring the Acute Toxicity of
Effluents to Freshwater and Marine Organisms. 3rd ed.
EPA Office of Research and Development EPA/600/4-
85/013 (March 1985).
U.S. EPA.
U.S. EPA.
U.S. EPA.
10
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U.S. EPA. 1985. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Copper -
1984. EPA-440/5-84-031.
U.S. EPA. 1987. Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Zinc - 1987.
EPA-440/5-87-003.
11
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Table 1. Descriptions of the stations sampled during the stonnwater study.
Station
Land Use
Location
Drainage
Area
Discharge
Description
1
Industrial—oil
distributors, metal
finishers, scrap
metal dealers
Near Port of Providence,
intersection of Thurbers
and Aliens Ave.,
Providence, R.I.
0.881 km2
152 cm pipe
into Prov.
River
2
Two highways—
one eight lanes and
one four lanes,
grassy embankments.
Interstate 95 and State
Route 10, Cranston, R.I.
0.448 km2
305 cm pipe
into Pawtuxet
River
3
Residential—
neighborhood of
single family
dwellings.
Northern end of Manolla
Ave., Warwick, R.I.
0.553 km2
91 cm pipe
into Pawtuxet
River
4
Commercial—
shopping center
parking lot
Warwick Mall, Warwick,
R.I.
0.125 km2
147 cm by 91 cm
elliptical pipe
into Pawtuxet
River.
From Hoffman, et al. 1983.
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Table 2. Dates on which the four stormwater runoff effluent sites were
sampled. The characteristics of each storm event are also briefly
described (Data from The National Weather Service, T.F. Green Airport,
Warwick, RI).
Air Temp. Wind Speed Rainfall
Date (°C) Time Conditions & Direction (approx.)
Prior Dry
Period
4/3/90 41 1050 Foggy 13.7 MPH NE 2.31 in,
5/16/90 58 0830 Foggy
7.5 MPH S 0.72 in,
5/29/90 62 1410 Foggy 12.1 MPH NE 0.90 in,
8/8/90 75 0650 Foggy, 4.9 MPH W 1.15 in.
thunder
3 Days
1 Day
7 Days
0 Days
8/19/90 66 0630 Foggy 11.1 MPH NE 0.08 in,
9/17/90 54 0550 Cloudy 12.8 MPH NW 0.26 in,
7 Days
1 Day
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Table 3. Toxicity tests conducted on stormwater runoff
effluents.
Species
Length of
Exposure
Test
Endpoints
Mulinia lateralis 48 hours
(coot clam)
Arbacia punctulata
(purple sea urchin)
Larval Shell
Development
1 hour, 20 min Egg fertilization
Menidia beryllina 48 hours
(inland silverside)
Survival
Pimephales promelas
96 hours
Survival
Ceriodaphnia
(cladoceran)
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Table 4. Results of Mulinia lateralis tests performed on stormwater
runoff effluents. The tests conducted 4/3/90 were at 30 °/oo salinity.
All subsequent tests were conducted at 10 °/oo salinity in order to
cover a wider range of effluent concentrations (up to 90%).
Station
EC50, %
Effluent
4/3/90
5/16/90
5/29/90
8/8/90
8/19/90
9/17/90
1
34.21
22.64
63.04
61.44
10.50*
55.53
2
>70.00
>90.00
38.66
>90.00
9.76*
59.96
3
63.88
45.80
11.67*
>90.00
59.74
63.45
4
34.29
17.32
6.61*
>90.00
7.74
61.47
* Most toxic runoff sample (storm event) per station.
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Table 5. Results of Arbacia punctulata tests performed on stormwater
runoff effluents. All tests were conducted at 30 °/oo salinity.
Station
EC50, %
Effluent
4/3/90
5/16/90
5/29/90
8/8/90
8/19/90
9/17/90
1
34. 51
>70.00
>70.00
>70.00
33.72*
>70.00
2
>70.00
>70.00
>70.00
>70.00
46.71*
>70.00
3
62.73*
>70.00
>70.00
>70.00
>70.00
>70.00
4
23.82*
>70.00
30.93
>70.00
25.88
>70.00
* Most toxic runoff sample (storm event) per station.
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Table 6. Compilation of fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) toxicity
test results. See Appendix A for specific data.
96-hr LC50, % Effluent
Station
4/3/90
5/16/90
5/29/90
8/8/90
8/19/90
9/17/90
1
>100
>100
>100
>100
66.7*
>100
2
>100
>100
>100
>100
80.5
80.1*
3
>100
>100
>100
>100
>100
>100
4
53.6
56.1
38.8*
80.2
40.6
70.7
* Most toxic runoff sample (storm event) per station.
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Table 7. Compilation of Ceriodaphnia dubia toxicity test results. See
Appendix A for specific data.
48-hr LC50, % Effluent
Station
4/3/90
5/16/90
5/29/90
8/8/90
8/19/90
9/17/90
1
>100
>100
64.5*
>100
66.7
>100
2
>100
>100
60.4*
67.5
70.7
70.7
3
>100
>100
70.7
70.7
<6.3*
>100
4
70.7
70.7
67.5
95.8
61.6*
70.7
* Most toxic runoff sample (storm event) per station.
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Table 8. Correlation coefficients of toxicity and metal data.
METAL
SPECIES
COPPER
LEAD
ZINC
Mulinia lateralis
-0.62589 *
-0.48022 *
-0.78604 *
Arbacia punctulata
-0.45279 *
-0.42837 *
-0.79385 *
Pimephales promelas
-0.16064
-0.08300
-0.60028 *
Ceriodaphnia dubia
-0.01332
0.08022
-0.07418
* Statistically significant correlation (a ¦» 0.05).
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APPENDIX A
FRESHWATER TOXICITY TESTS
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NATIONAL EFFLUENT TOXICITY ASSESSMENT CENTER
TECHNICAL REPORT 12-90
June 1990
Combined Sewer Overflow Freshwater Toxicity Test Results
From April 3,1990, May 16,1990, and May 29,1990
by
Nola Englehorn
ASci Corporation
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth, MN 55804
-------
April 3,1990
Combined Sewer Overflow Results
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INTRODUCTION
The first set of samples collected 4/3/90 for the Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO)
project arrived 4/4/90 at the Environmental Research Lab-Duluth for acute toxicity
testing using two freshwater organisms. The acute tests conducted were with the
cladoceran {Ceriodaphnia dubia) and the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)
(EPA, 1985).
The sampling sites in EPA Region 1 were selected and sampled by the
Environmental Research Laboratory-Narrangansett in Rhode Island. The urban runoff
samples were collected from four different storm drains each serving a different land
use. Each site was sampled during a discrete storm event. A sampling team was at
each site prior to initiation of rainfall to ensure that samples represented the "first
flush." One composite sample from each station was shipped to the Environmental
Research Laboratory-Duluth; these stations are described in Table 1.
METHODS
When the samples arrived, initial chemistries (pH, dissolved oxygen (DO),
temperature, conductivity and alkalinity) were measured. Tests were initiated the
same day the samples were received. The 10% dilute mineral water (DMW) was
used for the dilution water and controls. Dilutions (50%, 25%, 12% and 6%) of the
samples were prepared in bulk and used for both fathead minnow and C. dubia tests.
At 0, 12, 21, 40, 48, 72, and 96 h during the fathead minnow and C. dubia tests,
2
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routine chemistries (pH, DO, temperature and conductivity) were measured for each
station in the 100%, 25%, 6% and controls (Tables 2-5).
Fathead Minnow 96 h Acute Test
Larval fathead minnows {<, 24 h old) from the ERL-Duluth culture were tested for
4 d. Four replicates (50 mis each) for each sample with two sets of controls for each
sampling date were used and five organisms were randomly added to each test
chamber. During the 4 d test the fish were counted and chemistries were measured
and recorded.
C. dubia 48 h Acute Test
Four replicates of each test concentration and its dilutions (20 ml each) were
poured into 30 ml plastic cups and placed on a test board with one set of controls
tested with each test board. For each 20 mis of solution, 133 jxl of YCT (yeast-
Cerophyll®-trout food) was added and five £ 24 h old C. dubia were placed in each
test cup. During the 48 h test, C. dubia survival was recorded and chemistries were
measured and recorded.
Statistical Analysis
The LC50's for the fathead minnow and C. dubia tests were calculated using the
Trimmed Spearman-Karber method of analysis (Hamilton, 1977).
3
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RESULTS
The alkalinity of the samples was measured when the samples arrived, but
hardness could not be measured because the samples were colored. The alkalinities
of Samples 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 22, 32, 10, and 26 (mg/l as CaC03), respectively. The
alkalinity of the 10% DMW was 39 mg/l as CaC03 All of the DO, temperature and
conductivity values (initial and final) for all four stations were within the acceptable
ranges for both test species (Tables 2-4). The pH measurements (Table 5) of the
100% Station 4 sample ranged from 4.39 at time 0 to 6.84 in the fathead minnow test
and 6.47 in the C. dubia test. Initial pH values at time 0 are low enough to cause
toxicity.
The results of the fathead minnow acute tests are presented in Table 6. Only
Station 4 showed acute toxicity and the LC50's throughout the test were 53.6%. No
other sample exhibited acute toxicity to the fish.
Only Station 4 was acutely toxic to C. dubia, as shown in Table 7, and the LC50
at all time intervals was 70.7%.
REFERENCES
Hamilton, M.A., R.C. Russo, and R.V. Thurston. 1977. Trimmed Spearman-Karber
method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environ.
Sci. Technol. 11: 714-719; Correction: 1978 (12):417.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1985. Methods for measuring the acute
toxicity of effluents to freshwater and marine organisms. EPA/600/4-85/013.
Cincinnati, OH.
4
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Table 1.
Description of sample sites for the Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO) project.
Sample Location Description
1 Allen's Avenue The outfall of the industrial storm drain is located at the intersection of
Thurbers and Allen's Avenue in Providence, Rhode Island, and serves a
0.881 km2 section of an industrial area close to the Port of Providence.
The industries located here include metal finishers, oil distributors, and
scrap metal dealers. The drain discharges its effluent via a 152-cm
diameter concrete pipe into the Providence River, a tributary of
Narragansett Bay. A small portion of this area (0.014 km2) is served by
a combined sewer which has an overflow into this drain. The slot
structure, however, is in good working condition and there is no
evidence of sanitary sewage inputs even under storm conditions.
2 1-95 The highway drain, the outfall of which is located on the Pawtuxet River
in Cranston, Rhode Island, serves a 0.488 km2 section of Interstate 95
and State Route 10. Interstate 95 is an eight-lane highway at this
locale and Route 10 is a four-lane highway. The drain, 305 cm in
diameter at its outfall, serves the pavement surface and the grassy
embankments on each side of the highways. There is evidence of
groundwater infiltration into this drain.
5
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Table 1.
Continued.
Sample
Location
Description
3
Manolla Avenue
A residential storm drain, which serves a 0.533 km2 section of
residential neighborhood. The drain, a 91 cm diameter concrete pipe,
discharges its effluent into the Pawtuxet River, a tributary of
Narragansett Bay. The neighborhood is single family dwellings on lots
approximately 100 m2 in size. The lawns are grassy and the
neighborhood is wooded.
4
Warwick Mall
A commercial storm drain serves a 0.125 km2 of a shopping center
complex in Warwick, Rhode Island. The drain, a 147 cm by 91 elliptical
corrugated metal pipe, discharges its effluent into the Pawtuxet River.
The drainage area is predominantly paved parking lot which gently
slopes toward the catch basins.
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Table 2. Dissolved oxygen (DO) readings taken during acute fathead minnow
tests with 4/4/90 CSO samples. Measurements were taken on the
100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each control.
Percent of Sample
100 25 6 C'
Sample Time
(h)
1 02 8.3
12 6.3
21 6.3
40 7.3
48 7.5
72 7.7
96 8.2
2 0 8.6
12 7.2
21 7.3
40 7.4
48 7.6
72 7.9
96 8.5
3 0 8.5
12 7.0
21 6.6
40 7.4
48 7.9
72 7.5
96 7.9
4 0 8.5
12 7.6
21 7.5
40 7.2
48 7.8
72 7.9
96 8.2
DO
(mg/l)
8.1 8.2 8.2
7.1 7.2 7.4
7.5 7.6 7.4
7.8 7.9 7.8
7.7 8.1 8.1
7.9 8.0 8.1
8.1 8.1 8.1
7.9 7.9 7.9
7.2 7.4 7.5
7.3 7.4 7.3
7.7 7.5 7.8
7.9 7.7 7.6
8.1 8.0 7.8
8.4 8.1 7.8
8.0 7.8 8.1
7.3 7.3 7.5
7.7 7.5 7.4
7.7 7.6 7.5
7.9 7.9 7.7
8.0 8.0 7.9
8.2 8.1 8.0
8.4 8.2 8.1
7.3 7.5 7.5
7.5 7.4 7.4
7.9 7.9 7.5
7.8 7.8 7.7
8.0 8.0 8.0
8.0 8.1 8.1
1 Four sets of controls were tested.
2 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
7
-------
Table 3. Temperature readings taken during fathead minnow and C. dubia testing
with 4/4/90 CSO samples. Measurements were taken on the 100%,
25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each control.
Sample
Time
(h)
Percent of Sample
100
25
6
C1
Temperature (°C)
fathead minnow/C. dubia
1
02
24.1
23.9
23.7
24.0
12
26.0/25.1
25.8/25.2
26.0/25.1
25.7/24.8
21
25.1/25.0
25.1/25.1
25.1/25.0
25.3/24.6
40
25.7/24.5
25.8/24.3
26.0/24.5
26.0/24.1
48
25.6/25.4
25.9/25.3
25.5/25.0
25.5/25.0
723
25.5
25.5
25.7
25.6
96
25.4
25.4
25.3
25.3
2
0
24.4
24.3
24.3
24.3
12
25.5/25.1
25.5/25.2
25.7/25.2
25.3/24.4
21
25.1/26.4
25.3/26.5
25.2/26.0
25.3/25.3
40
25.9/25.4
26.1/25.0
26.2/25.0
26.3/23.9
48
26.0/25.8
26.1/26.0
26.1/25.9
25.6/25.3
72
25.8
25.7
25.7
26.0
96
25.7
25.8
25.8
25.9
3
0
23.7
23.8
23.9
23.8
12
25.7/24.2
25.6/24.5
25.8/24.5
26.0/24.3
21
25.7/24.4
25.6/24.3
25.9/24.5
25.9/24.3
40
25.3/24.6
25.3/24.6
25.4/24.5
25.2/24.0
48
25.0/24.8
25.4/25.0
25.7/25.0
25.0/24.6
72
25.3
25.2
25.4
25.3
96
25.7
25.2
25.3
25.4
4
0
24.1
24.1
24.1
24.2
12
25.5/25.4
25.6/25.7
25.8/25.1
25.6/25.1
21
25.7/26.2
25.5/26.2
25.5/25.8
25.4/25.0
40
24.8/25.7
25.1/25.6
25.2/25.5
25.0/24.7
48
26.4/26.3
26.3/26.5
26.6/26.5
26.0/25.6
72
25.1
25.3
25.5
25.2
96
25.1
25.5
25.4
25.7
1 Four sets of controls were tested.
2 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
3 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken up to 48 h, therefore measurements
after 48 h are for the fathead minnow tests.
8
-------
Table 4. Conductivity measurements taken during acute fathead minnow and C.
dubia tests with 4/4/90 CSO samples. Measurements were taken on
the 100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each control.
Percent of Sample
100 25 6
Sample Time Conductivity (nmhos/cm)
(h) fathead minnow/C. dubia
o2
625
223
136
117
12
657/634
239/244
139/139
116/112
21
689/548
376/249
217/145
144/121
40
565/630
237/214
135/146
116/121
48
578/614
252/249
150/151
113/135
723
613
267
159
136
96
570
261
155
131
0
467
253
160
123
12
366/319
173/162
120/124
105/122
21
350/338
182/181
134/125
116/121
40
353/329
173/164
137/129
122/123
48
336/332
181/183
149/158
152/217
72
354
195
164
181
96
341
191
158
163
0
141
111
103
102
12
147/146
120/121
123/114
182/112
21
163/158
139/129
124/145
121/181
40
162/166
128/134
123/152
133/208
48
167/171
143/139
159/162
336/219
72
185
159
161
236
96
180
143
152
228
0
115
103
102
105
12
103/103
102/103
104/107
100/108
21
136/105
112/105
117/112
131/123
40
113/106
115/107
122/115
131/130
48
117/114
120/109
128/117
139/129
72
149
131
147
171
96
120
125
133
154
1 Four sets of controls were tested.
2 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
3 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken up to 48 h, therefore measurements
after 48 h are for the fathead minnow tests.
9
-------
Table 5. pH measurements taken during acute fathead minnow and C. dubia
tests with 4/4/90 CSO samples. Measurements were taken on the
100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each control.
Percent of Sample
100
25
6
C1
Sample
Time
PH
(h)
fathead minnow/C. dubia
1
02
7.48
7.63
7.71
7.64
12
7.36/7.45
7.59/7.52
7.61/7.50
7.55/7.40
21
7.48/7.34
7.83/7.44
7.89/7.41
7.87/7.30
40
7.67/8.17
7.72/8.17
7.72/8.14
7.64/8.08
48
7.46/7.45
7.53/7.50
7.52/7.50
7.47/7.45
723
7.52
7.75
7.64
7.73
96
7.89
7.93
7.93
7.87
2
0
7.39
7.59
7.62
7.60
12
7.50/7.65
7.54/7.68
7.51/7.70
7.44/7.61
21
7.85/7.60
7.97/7.64
8.01/7.61
8.08/7.5$
40
7.64/8.14
7.67/8.16
7.61/8.16
7.54/7.25
48
7.45/7.59
7.48/7.60
7.39/7.54
7.25/7.45
72
7.71
7.79
7.65
7.55
96
8.00
8.00
7.90
7.82
3
0
7.12
7.47
7.50
7.47
12
7.27/7.74
7.43/7.71
7.39/7.68
7.20/7.62
21
7.38/7.74
7.65/7.99
7.61/8.02
7.54/8.01
40
8.15/8.79
8.07/8.59
8.05/8.61
7.98/8.65
48
7.35/7.42
7.33/7.41
7.27/7.36
7.18/7.30
72
7.89
7.81
7.62
7.53
96
8.05
7.97
7.93
7.87
4
0
4.39
7.48
7.47
7.35
12
4.90/5.27
7.96/7.81
7.97/7.76
7.99/7.68
21
5.11/5.82
7.60/7.85
7.56/7.81
7.52/7.16
40
6.84/6.47
8.03/8.49
7.98/8.41
7.90/8.45
48
6.05/6.07
7.51/7.60
7.44/7.54
7.32/7.43
72
6.43
7.65
7.71
7.60
96
6.43
7.65
7.71
7.66
1 Four sets of controls were tested.
2 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
3 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken up to 48 hours, therefore
measurements after 48 h are for the fathead minnow tests.
10
-------
Table 6.
Fathead minnow LC50's of 4/4/90 CSO samples at various times throughout the 96 h acute tests.
Time (h)
12
21
40
48
72
96
Sample
LC50 (%]
(CI)1
I
1
>100
>100
>100
>100
>100
>100
2
>100
>100
>100
>100
>100
>100
3
>100
>100
>100
>100
>100
>100
4
53.6
(45.0-63.9)
53.6
(45.0-63.9)
53.6
(45.0-63.9)
53.6
(45.0-63.9)
53.6
(45.0-63.9)
53.6
(45.0-63.9)
1 95% Confidence Interval.
11
-------
Table 7. LC50's of C. dubia tests with 4/4/90 CSO samples at various times
throughout the 48 h acute test.
Time (h)
12
21
40
48
Sample
LC50 (%)
(CI)1
1
>100
>100
>100
>100
2
>100
>100
>100
>100
3
>100
>100
>100
>100
4
70.7
(*)2
70.7
(¦)
70.7
(")
70.7
(-)
1 Confidence Interval.
2 Confidence interval could not be calculated.
12
-------
May 16,1990
Combined Sewer Overflow Results
-------
INTRODUCTION
The second set of samples collected 5/16/90 for the Combined Sewer Overflows
(CSO) project arrived 5/17/90 at the Environmental Research Lab-Duluth for acute
toxicity testing using two freshwater organisms. The acute tests conducted were with
the cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia) and the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)
(EPA, 1985).
The sampling sites in EPA Region 1 were selected and sampled by the
Environmental Research Laboratory-Narrangansett in Rhode Island. The urban runoff
samples were collected from four different storm drains each serving a different land
use. Each site was sampled during a discrete storm event. A sampling team was at
each site prior to initiation of rainfall to ensure that samples represented the "first
flush." One composite sample from each station was shipped to the Environmental
Research Laboratory-Duluth; these stations are described in Table 1.
METHODS
When the samples arrived, initial chemistries (pH, dissolved oxygen (DO),
temperature, conductivity and alkalinity) were measured. Tests were initiated the
same day the samples were received. The 10% dilute mineral water (DMW) was
used for the dilution water and controls. Dilutions (50%, 25%, 12% and 6%) of the
samples were prepared in bulk and used for both fathead minnow and C. dubia tests.
At 0, 16, 48, 66, and 96 h during the fathead minnow and C. dubia tests, routine
2
-------
chemistries (pH, DO, temperature arid conductivity) were measured for each station in
the 100%, 25%, 6% and the controls (Tables 2-5).
Fathead Minnow 96 h Acute Test
Larval fathead minnows (< 24 h old) from the ERL-Duluth culture were tested for
4 d. Four replicates for each sample with two sets of controls were used. 100 mis of
Sample 1 and the dilutions were poured into 250 ml beakers. 50 mis of Samples 2, 3,
and 4 and respective dilutions were poured into 100 ml glass beakers and five
organisms were randomly added to all beakers. During the 4 d test the fish were
counted and the chemistries were measured and recorded.
C. dubia 48 h Acute Test
Four replicates of each test concentration and its dilutions (20 ml each) were
poured into 30 ml plastic cups and placed on a test board with one set of controls
tested with each test board. For each 20 mis of solution, 133 \i\ of YCT (yeast-
Ce ro phy 11®-1 ro ut food) was added and five £ 24 h old C. dubia were placed in each
test cup. During the 48 h test, C. dubia survival was recorded and chemistries were
measured and recorded.
Statistical Analysis
The LC50's for the fathead minnow and C. dubia tests were calculated using the
Trimmed Spearman-Karber method of analysis (Hamilton, 1977).
3
-------
RESULTS
The hardness of the samples was measured when the samples arrived. The
hardness of Samples 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 56, 70, 45, and 31 (mg/l as CaC03),
respectively. All of the initial and final chemistry readings were within the acceptable
ranges for both test species (Tables 2-5).
Only Sample 4 showed acute toxicity to fathead minnows. The results of the
fathead minnow acute tests are presented in Table 6. The final fathead minnow LC50
of Sample 4 was 56.1%.
The results of the C. dubia acute tests are presented in Table 7. The 48 h LC50 or
Station 4 to C. dubia was 70.7% and no other station exhibited toxicity to C. dubia.
REFERENCES
Hamilton, M.A., R.C. Russo, and R.V. Thurston. 1977. Trimmed Spearman-Karber
method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environ.
Sci. Technol. 11: 714-719; Correction; 1978 (12):417.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1985. Methods for measuring the acute
toxicity of effluents to freshwater and marine organisms. EPA/600/4-85/013.
Cincinnati, OH.
4
-------
Table 1.
Description of the sample sites for the Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO) project.
Sample Location Description
1 Allen's Avenue The outfall of the industrial storm drain is located at the intersection of
Thurbers and Allen's Avenue in Providence, Rhode Island, and serves a
0.881 km2 section of an industrial area close to the Port of Providence.
The industries located here include metal finishers, oil distributors, and
scrap metal dealers. The drain discharges its effluent via a 152-cm
diameter concrete pipe into the Providence River, a tributary of
Narragansett Bay. A small portion of this area (0.014 km2) is served by
a combined sewer which has an overflow into this drain. The slot
structure, however, is in good working condition and there is no
evidence of sanitary sewage inputs even under storm conditions.
2 1-95 The highway drain, the outfall of which is located on the Pawtuxet River
in Cranston, Rhode Island, serves a 0.488 km2 section of Interstate 95
and State Route 10. Interstate 95 is an eight-lane highway at this
locale and Route 10 is a four-lane highway. The drain, 305 cm in
diameter at its outfall, serves the pavement surface and the grassy
embankments on each side of the highways. There is evidence of
groundwater infiltration into this drain.
5
-------
Table 1.
Continued.
Sample
Location
Description
3
Manolla Avenue
A residential storm drain, which serves a 0.533 km2 section of
residential neighborhood. The drain, a 91 cm diameter concrete pipe,
discharges its effluent into the Pawtuxet River, a tributary of
Narragansett Bay. The neighborhood is single family dwellings on lots
approximately 100 m2 in size. The lawns are grassy and the
neighborhood is wooded.
4
Warwick Mall
A commercial storm drain serves a 0.125 km2 of a shopping center
complex in Warwick, Rhode Island. The drain, a 147 cm by 91 elliptical
corrugated metal pipe, discharges its effluent into the Pawtuxet River.
The drainage area is predominantly paved parking lot which gently
slopes toward the catch basins.
-------
Table 2. Dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements taken during acute fathead
minnow and C. dubia tests with 5/17/90 CSO samples. Measurements
were taken on the 100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and
each control.
Percent of Sample
100 25 6 C\
Sample Time DO (mg/l)
(h) fathead minnow/C. dubia
o3
7.5
8.4
8.3
8.2
16
5.8/7.0
6.9/7.5
7.7/7.5
7.7/7.5
48
7.4/7.4
7.9/7.9
8.0/7.9
8.1/8.0
664
7.5
7.9
8.0
7.9
96
7.8
8.2
8.1
8.2
0
8.6
8.4
8.4
16
7.3/7.6
7.4/7.7
7.7/7.7
48
6.8/7.9
7.7/7.9
8.0/7.9
66
8.1
7.9
8.0
96
8.5
8.3
8.1
0
8.9
8.5
8.4
16
7.6/7.8
7.6/7.8
7.4/8.0
48
7.9/7.9
8.0/7.9
7.9/7.9
66
7.7
7.7
8.0
96
8.0
8.1
8.0
0
8.7
8.3
8.2
8.5
16
6.1/7.3
7.3/7.5
7.6/7.6
7.8/8.0
48
6.3/7.6
7.5/7.5
7.8/7.0
7.9/7.6
66
7.7
7.9
7.9
8.0
96
7.9
7.9
8.1
8.1
1 Two sets of controls were tested.
2 The Sample 1 fathead minnow test was run with 100 mis in 250 ml beakers and
Samples 2-4 were run with 50 mis in 100 ml beakers.
3 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
4 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken up to 48 h, therefore measurements
after 48 h are for the fathead minnow tests.
7
-------
Table 3.
Temperature measurements taken during acute fathead minnow and C.
dubia tests with 5/17/90 CSO samples. Measurements were taken on
the 100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each control.
Percent of Sample
100 25 6
Sample Time Temperature (°C)
(h) fathead minnow/C. dubia
o3
24.2
24.1
24.1
24.1
16
24.8/25.1
24.8/25.2
24.7/25.1
24.8/24.8
48
24.3/25.4
24.2/25.6
24.6/25.3
24.3/25.0
664
26.1
25.8
25.6
25.9
96
24.7
24.4
24.5
24.7
0
24.2
24.2
24.2
16
25.0/25.5
24.7/25.5
24.7/25.1
48
24.3/25.4
24.2/25.5
24.3/25.3
66
25.2
25.2
25.5
96
24.7
24.4
24.5
0
24.2
24.6
24.6
16
25.0/25.0
25.0/25.3
24.8/25.3
48
24.5/25.0
24.2/25.5
24.3/25.6
66
25.8
25.7
25.5
96
24.7
24.5
24.4
0
24.3
24.7
24.6
24.7
16
25.1/25.0
24.9/25.3
25.0/25.2
25.1/25.0
48
24.5/26.5
24.3/27.1
24.3/26.8
24.2/26.2
66
25.2
25.5
25.5
25.2
96
24.7
24.6
24.4
24.6
1 Two sets of controls were tested.
2 The Sample 1 fathead minnow test was run with 100 mis in 250 ml beakers and
Samples 2-4 were run with 50 mis in 100 ml beakers.
3 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
4 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken up to 48 h, therefore measurements
after 48 h are for the fathead minnow tests.
8
-------
Table 4. Conductivity measurements taken during acute fathead minnow and C.
dubia tests with 5/17/90 CSO samples. Measurements were taken on
the 100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each control.
Percent of Sample
100 25 6 C1
Sample Time Conductivity (nmhos/cm)
(h) fathead minnow/C. dubia
12
03
401
175
117
95
16
358/412
160/222
116/134
102/156
48
377/413
174/177
126/138
113/159
66"
382
184
135
122
96
521
194
150
162
2
0
381
168
113
16
331/347
153/175
113/167
48
340/355
171/202
125/286
66
401
188
148
96
435
209
154
3
0
203
121
100
16
178/192
119/129
99/118
48
197/200
127/130
108/122
66
199
134
125
96
227
143
135
4
0
174
113
100
94
16
160/172
114/113
125/104
101/108
48
191/180
124/118
109/111
105/116
66
200
131
115
113
96
247
171
220
445
1 Two sets of controls were tested.
2 The Sample 1 fathead minnow test was run with 100 mis in 250 ml beakers and
Samples 2-4 were run with 50 mis in 100 ml beakers.
3 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
4 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken up to 48 h, therefore measurements
after 48 h are for the fathead minnow tests.
9
-------
Table 5. pH measurements taken during acute fathead minnow and C. dubia
tests with 5/17/90 CSO samples. Measurements were taken on the
100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each control.
Percent of Sample
100
25
6
C1
imple
Time
pH
(h)
fathead minnowIC. dubia
12
03
6.94
7.44
7.53
7.59
16
7.14/7.39
7.47/7.64
7.65/7.64
7.53/7.50
48
7.55/7.72
7.63/7.88
7.65/7.89
7.65/7.90
664
7.60
7.73
7.74
7.65
96
7.72
7.80
7.79
7.73
2
0
7.39
7.57
7.38
16
7.69/7.78
7.69/7.71
7.63/7.64
48
7.62/7.94
7.74/7.98
7.76/7.95
66
8.07
7.93
7.90
96
8.18
7.94
7.78
3
0
7.01
7.78
7.84
16
7.50/7.72
7.71/7.78
7.77/7.78
48
7.67/7.69
7.75/7.80
7.74/7.80
66
7.68
7.91
7.97
96
7.67
7.91
7.96
4
0
5.4
7.65
7.81
7.80
16
5.39/6.21
7.48/7.54
7.67/7.77
7.62/7.76
48
6.39/6.92
7.73/7.78
7.89/7.89
7.88/7.88
66
7.03
7.86
7.94
7.95
96
6.93
7.87
7.95
7.95
1 Two sets of controls were tested.
2 The Sample 1 fathead minnow test was run with 100 mis in 250 ml beakers and
Samples 2-4 were run with 50 mis in 100 ml beakers.
3 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
4 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken up to 48 h, therefore measurements
after 48 h are for the fathead minnow tests.
10
-------
Table 6. Fathead minnow LC50's of 5/17/90 CSO samples at various times
throughout the 96 h acute tests.
Time (h)
16 48 66 96
LC50(%)
Sample (CI)1
1
>100
>100
>100
>100
2
>100
>100
>100
>100
3
>100
>100
>100
>100
4
67.5
(61.8-73.8)
61.6
(53.4-71.0)
58.8
(50.2-68.9)
56.1
(47.4-66.4)
95% Confidence Interval.
11
-------
Table 7.
C. dubia LC50's of 5/17/90 CSO samples at various times
throughout the 48 h acute test.
Time (h)
Sample
16
LC50(%)
(CI)1
48
1
>100
>100
2
>100
>100
3
>100
>100
4
74.6
(-)
70.7
(-)
1 95% Confidence Interval.
2 Confidence interval could not be calculated.
12
-------
May 29,1990
Combined Sewer Overflow Results
-------
INTRODUCTION
The third set of samples collected 5/29/90 for the Combined Sewer Overflows
(CSO) project arrived 5/3,1/90 at the Environmental Research Lab-Duluth for acute
toxicity testing using two freshwater organisms. The acute tests conducted were with
the cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia) and the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)
(EPA, 1985).
The sampling sites in EPA Region 1 were selected and sampled by the
Environmental Research Laboratory-Narrangansett in Rhode Island. The urban runoff
samples were collected from four different storm drains each serving a different land
use. Each site was sampled during a discrete storm event. A sampling team was at
each site prior to initiation of rainfall to ensure that samples represented the "first
flush." One composite sample from each station was shipped to the Environmental
Research Laboratory-Duluth; these stations are described in Table 1.
METHODS
When the samples arrived, initial chemistries (pH, dissolved oxygen (DO),
temperature, conductivity and alkalinity) were measured. Tests were initiated the
same day the samples were received. The 10% dilute mineral water (DMW) was
used for the dilution water and controls. Dilutions (50%, 25%, 12% and 6%) of the
samples were prepared in bulk and used for both fathead minnow and C. dubia tests.
At 0, 24, 48, 72, 88, and 96 h during the fathead minnow and C. dubia tests, routine
2
-------
chemistries (pH, DO, temperature and conductivity) were measured for each station in
the 100%, 25%, 6% and controls (Tables 2-5).
Fathead Minnow 96 h Acute Test
Larval fathead minnows (< 24 h old) from the ERL-Duluth culture were tested for
4 d. Four replicates (50 mis each) for each sample with two sets of controls for each
sampling date was used and five organisms were randomly added to each test
chamber. During the 4 d test the fish were counted and chemistries were measured
and recorded.
C. dubia 48 h Acute Test
Four replicates of each test concentration and its dilutions (20 ml each) were
poured into 30 ml plastic cups and placed on a test board with one set of controls
tested with each test board. For each 20 mis of solution, 133 jil of YCT (yeast-
Cerophyll®-trout food) was added and five £ 24 h old C. dubia were placed in each
test cup. During the 48 h test, C. dubia survival were recorded and chemistries were
measured and recorded.
Statistical Analysis
The LC50's for the fathead minnow and C. dubia tests were calculated using the
Trimmed Spearman-Karber method of analysis (Hamilton, 1977).
3
-------
RESULTS
The alkalinity of the samples was measured when the samples arrived, but
hardness could not be measured because the samples were colored. The alkalinities
of Samples 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 232, 26, 12, and 2 (mg/l as CaC03), respectively. The
alkalinity of the 10% DMW was 38 mg/l as CaC03 All of the pH and DO values (initial
and final) for all stations were within the acceptable ranges for both test species
(Tables 2, 3, and 5). The conductivity measurements of the 100% sample at time 0
ranged from 106-6120 ^mhos/cm and the highest conductivities (around 6000
^mhos/cm) were measured in the 100% concentration of Sample 1 (Table 4).
Conductivities greater than 3,000 ^mhos/cm may be high enough to cause toxicity.
The results of the fathead minnow acute tests are presented in Table 6, and only
Sample 4 showed acute toxicity. The 24 h LC50 was 42.5% and at 96 h was 38.8%.
No other sample exhibited acute toxicity to the fish.
For the C. dubia tests, all stations exhibited toxicity, as shown in Table 7.
Sample 1 exhibited no toxicity at 24 h but at 48 h the LC50 was 64.5%. The LC50 of
Sample 2 was 67.1% at 24 h and 60.4% at 48 h. Sample 3 was not toxic at 24 h but
at 48 h the LC50 was 70.7%. The LC50 of Sample 4 was 70.7% and at 48 h it was
67.5%.
REFERENCES
Hamilton, M.A., R.C. Russo, and R.V. Thurston. 1977. Trimmed Spearman-Karber
method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environ.
Sci. Technol. 11: 714-719; Correction: 1978 (12):417.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1985. Methods for measuring the acute
toxicity of effluents to freshwater and marine organisms. EPA/600/4-85/013.
Cincinnati, OH.
4
-------
Table 1.
Description of sample sites for the Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO) project.
Sample Location Description
1 Allen's Avenue The outfall of the industrial storm drain is located at the intersection of
Thurbers and Allen's Avenue in Providence, Rhode Island, and serves a
0.881 Km2 section of an industrial area close to the Port of Providence.
The industries located here include metal finishers, oil distributors, and
scrap metal dealers. The drain discharges its effluent via a 152-cm
diameter concrete pipe into the Providence River, a tributary of
Narragansett Bay. A small portion of this area (0.014 Km2) is served by
a combined sewer which has an overflow into this drain. The slot
structure, however, is in good working condition and there is no
evidence of sanitary sewage inputs even under storm conditions.
2 1-95 The highway drain, the outfall of which is located on the Pawtuxet River
in Cranston, Rhode Island, serves a 0.488 km2 section of Interstate 95
and State Route 10. Interstate 95 is an eight-lane highway at this
locale and Route 10 is a four-lane highway. The drain, 305 cm in
diameter at its outfall, serves the pavement surface and the grassy
embankments on each side of the highways. There is evidence of
groundwater infiltration into this drain.
5
-------
Table 1. Continued.
Sample Location Description
3
Manolla Avenue
A residential storm drain, which serves a 0.533km2 section of residential
neighborhood. The drain, a 91 cm diameter concrete pipe, discharges
its effluent into the Pawtuxet River, a tributary of Narragansett Bay. The
neighborhood is single family dwellings on lots approximately 100 m2 in
size. The lawns are grassy and the neighborhood is wooded.
4
Warwick Mail
A commercial storm drain serves a 0.125 km2 of a shopping center
complex in Warwick, Rhode Island. The drain, a 147 cm by 91 elliptical
corrugated metal pipe, discharges its effluent into the Pawtuxet River.
The drainage area is predominantly paved parking lot which gently
slopes toward the catch basins.
6
-------
Table 2. Dissolved oxygen (DO) readings taken during acute fathead minnow and
C. dubia acute tests with 5/31/90 CSO samples. Measurements were
taken on the 100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each
control.
Percent of Sample
100
25
6
C1
Sample
Time
DO (mg/l)
(h)
fathead minnow/C. dubia
1
02
8.6
8.4
8.3
8.2
24
7.3/7.2
7.3/7.1
7.3/7.0
7.3/7.0
48
7.1/7.4
7.5/7.6
7.5/7.5
7.5/7.6
n
CM
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.8
88
7.9
8.0
8.0
7.9
96
7.8
7.9
7.9
7.9
2
0
7.9
8.3
8.3
24
5.6/6.4
6.5/6.8
7.0/7.3
48
7.0/7.4
7.5/7.7
7.3/7.7
72
7.6
8.1
8.0
88
7.9
7.9
8.0
96
8.0
8.0
8.1
3
0
8.2
8.3
8.6
24
6.1/6.4
7.0/7.4
6.6/7.3
48
6.5/7.4
7.4/7.9
7.4/7.6
72
7.7
8.3
8.4
88
8.3
8.4
8.5
96
8.1
8.3
8.4
4
0
9.4
8.4
8.3
8.2
24
3.7/5.1
6.0/6.9
6.7/7.1
7.2/7.3
48
6.0/6.4
7.5/7.5
7.5/7.6
7.4/7.9
72
7.4
7.9
7.9
7.7
88
7.9
8.0
7.9
8.0
96
7.5
8.1
8.0
8.1
1 Two sets of controls were tested.
2 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
3 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken up to 48 h, therefore measurements
after 48 h are for the fathead minnow tests.
7
-------
Table 3. Temperature readings taken during testing of Narragansett 5/31/90
CSO samples. Measurements were taken on the 100%, 25% and 6%
dilutions of each sample and each control.
Sample
Time
(h)
Percent of Sample
100
25
6
C1
Temperature (°C)
fathead minnow/C. dubia
1
02
24.2
24.3
24.5
24.5
24
25.2/24.7
25.2/24.7
25.4/24.7
25.1/24.7
48
25.0/25.2
25.3/25.3
25.4/25.2
25.2/25.2
723
24.7
25.2
25.1
24.9
88
24.7
25.0
25.0
24.5
96
25.2
25.2
25.2
24.8
2
0
24.3
24.5
24.6
24
25.1/25.0
25.1/25.1
25.1/24.8
48
25.3/25.1
25.4/25.1
25.1/25.0
72
24.8
24.8
24.8
88
24.6
24.7
24.8
96
25.2
25.1
25.1
3
0
24.7
24.9
24.7
24
25.4/24.3
25.5/24.3
25.6/24.3
48
25.6/24.6
25.5/24.9
25.7/24.7
72
25.2
25.3
25.5
88
24.8
25.1
25.3
96
25.5
25.2
25.5
4
0
24.5
24.6
24.7
24.7
24
25.1/24.2
25.1/24.3
25.2/24.3
25.1/24.3
48
24.7/25.1
25.4/25.3
25.2/25.2
25.1/24.9
72
24.7
25.1
25.1
25.1
88
24.6
24.7
24.6
24.5
96
25.0
25.2
25.0
24.52
1 Two sets of controls were tested.
2 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
3 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken up to 48 h, therefore measurements
after 48 h are for the fathead minnow tests.
8
-------
Table 4. Conductivity measurements taken during acute fathead minnow and C.
dubia\QS\s with 5/31/90 CSO samples. Measurements were taken on
the 100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each control.
Percent of Sample
100 25 6 C1
Sample Time Conductivity (^.mhos/cm)
(h) fathead minnow/C. dubia
o2
6120
1948
628
96.8
24
6020/5800
1947/1886
514/613
993/105
48
6320/6200
1981/1967
594/511
109/128
723
6380
1836
664
130
88
5960
1912
548
146
96
5950
183
565
161
0
193
121
130
24
174/176
117/124
105/146
48
172/202
122/145
121/185
72
184
123
120
88
175
128
146
96
183
136
152
0
106
100
112
24
105/111
104/99
111/98
48
113/120
113/109
130/141
72
119
122
143
88
124
117
152
96
128
131
172
0
1526
1046
97
113
24
144/141
110/102
121/98
163/92
48
149/146
115/108
127/107
166/113
72
156
119
128
185
88
162
121
126
184
96
164
118
124
210
1 Two sets of controls were tested.
2 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
3 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken up to 48 h, therefore measurements
after 48 h are for the fathead minnow tests.
9
-------
Table 5. pH readings taken during testing of 5/31/90 CSO samples.
Measurements were taken on the 100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of
each sample and each control.
Percent of Sample
100 25 6 C1
Sample Time pH
(h) fathead minnow/C. dubia
o2
7.19
7.63
7.73
7.86
24
8.25/8.25
7.81/7.80
7.56/7.62
7.52/7.56
48
8.44/8.41
7.95/7.96
7.75/7.53
7.54/7.25
723
8.57
8.15
7.90
7.82
88
8.61
8.26
7.90
7.88
96
8.58
8.15
7.83
7.63
0
6.38
7.59
7.66
24
7.09/7.25
7.28/7.59
7.20/7.82
48
7.45/7.65
7.56/7.99
7.47/8.01
72
7.57
7.83
7.81
88
7.66
7.91
7.88
96
7.56
7.80
7.76
0
6.19
7.48
7.74
24
6.91/7.05
7.25/7.58
7.16/7.47
48
7.36/7.29
7.49/7.43
7.30/7.31
72
7.52
7.81
7.75
88
7.68
7.93
8.11
96
7.54
7.91
7.85
0
4.53
7.25
7.78
7.99
24
4.80/4.83
7.28/7.32
7.68/7.41
8.03/7.30
48
5.62/5.44
7.64/7.59
7.94/7.60
7.99/7.53
72
5.92
7.82
7.86
7.75
88
6.34
7.84
8.03
8.13
96
6.35
7.87
8.09
8.07
1 Two sets of controls were tested.
2 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
3 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken up to 48 h, therefore measurements
after 48 h are for the fathead minnow tests.
10
-------
Table 6. LC50's of fathead minnow tests with 5/31/90 CSO samples at various
times throughout the 96 h test.
Time (h)
24 48 72 88 96
LC50(%)
Sample (CI)1
>100
>100
>100
38.8 ,
(32.8-45.9)
' 95% Confidence Interval.
1
>100
>100
>100
>100
2
>100
>100
>100
>100
3
>100
>100
>100
>100
4
42.5
(36.3-49.8)
42.5
(36.3-49.8)
42.5
(36.3-49.8)
42.5
(36.3-49.8)
11
-------
Table 7.
LC50's of C. dubia tests with 5/17/90 CSO samples at various
times throughout the 48 h test.
Time (h)
16 48
LC50
Sample (CI)1
>100 64.5
(57.1-72.8)
67.1 60.4
(60.5-74.5) (50.6-72.2)
>100 70.7
(")2
70.7 67.5
(-)2 (61.8-73.8)
1 95% Confidence Interval.
2 Confidence interval cannot be calculated.
12
-------
NATIONAL EFFLUENT TOXICITY ASSESSMENT CENTER
TECHNICAL REPORT 21-90
December 1990
Combined Sewer Overflow Freshwater Toxicity Test Results
From August 8,1990, August 19,1990 and September 17,1990
by
Teresa Norberg-Klng
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth, MN 55804
Jo Thompson, Nola Englehorn and Greg Peterson
AScI Corporation
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth, MN 55804
-------
August 8,1990
Combined Sewer Overflow Results
-------
INTRODUCTION
The fourth set of samples collected 8/8/90 for the Combined Sewer Overflows
(CSO) project arrived 8/10/90 at the Environmental Research Lab-Duluth for acute
toxicity testing using two freshwater organisms. The acute tests conducted were with
the cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia) and the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)
(EPA, 1985).
The sampling sites in EPA Region 1 were selected and sampled by the
Environmental Research Laboratory-Narrangansett in Rhode Island. The urban runoff
samples were collected from four different storm drains each serving a different land
use. Each site was sampled during a discrete storm event. A sampling team was at
each site prior to initiation of rainfall to ensure that samples represented the "first
flush." One composite sample from each station was shipped to the Environmental
Research Laboratory-Duluth; these stations are described in Table 1.
METHODS
When the samples arrived, initial chemistries (pH, dissolved oxygen (DO),
temperature, conductivity and hardness) were measured. Toxicity tests were initiated
the same day the samples were received. The 10% dilute mineral water (DMW) was
used as the dilution water and controls. Dilutions (50%, 25%, 12% and 6%) of the
samples were prepared in bulk and used for both fathead minnow and C. dubia tests.
At 0, 48, 72, and 96 h during the fathead minnow and C. dubia tests, routine
2
-------
chemistries (pH, DO, temperature and conductivity) were measured for each station in
the 100%, 25%, 6% and controls (Tables 2-5); except for the final DO readings for
C. dubia.
Fathead Minnow 96 h Acute Test
Larval fathead minnows (£ 24 h old) from the ERL-Duluth culture were tested for
4 d. Three replicates (50 ml each) for each sample with two sets of controls for each
sampling date were used and five organisms were randomly added to each test
chamber. Daily during the 4 d test the fish were counted and chemistries were
measured and recorded.
C. dubia 48 h Acute Test
Three replicates of each test concentration and its dilutions (20 ml each) were
poured into 30 ml plastic cups and placed on a test board with one set of controls
tested with each test board. For each 20 ml of solution, 133 til of YCT (yeast-
Cerophyll®-trout food) was added and five £ 24 h old C. dubia were randomly placed
in each test cup. Daily during the 48 h test, C. dubia survival was recorded and
chemistries were measured and recorded.
Statistical Analysis
The LC50's for the fathead minnow and C. dubia tests were calculated using the
trimmed Spearman-Karber method of analysis (Hamilton, 1977).
3
-------
RESULTS
The hardness of the samples was measured when the samples arrived. The
hardness of Samples 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 25, 2, 3, and 1 (mg/l as CaC03), respectively.
All of the DO, temperature, and conductivity values (initial and final) for all four
stations were within the acceptable ranges for both test species (Tables 2-4). The
initial pH's are given in Table 5, and some of the pH's were below 6, which is a pH
which can cause toxicity.
The results of the fathead minnow acute tests are presented in Table 6 and only
Sample 4 showed acute toxicity. The LC50 at 24 and 48 h was 85.1% while at 72 h
and 96 h it was 80.2%. Sample 2, 3 and 4 were acutely toxic to C. dubia, as shown
in Table 7. At 24 h, the LC50's of Sample 2, 3 and 4 were >100. The 48 h LC50's of
Sample 2, 3 and 4 were 67.5%, 70.7% and 95.8%, respectively.
4
-------
REFERENCES
Hamilton, M.A., R.C. Russo, and R.V. Thurston. 1977. Trimmed Spearman-Karber
method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environ.
Sci. Technol. 11: 714-719; Correction: 1978 (12):417.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1985. Methods for measuring the acute
toxicity of effluents to freshwater and marine organisms. EPA/600/4-85/013.
Cincinnati, OH.
5
-------
Table 1.
Description of sample sites for the Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO) project.
Sample Location Description
1 Allen's Avenue The outfall of the industrial storm drain is located at the intersection of
Thurbers and Allen's Avenue in Providence, Rhode Island, and serves a
0.881 km2 section of an industrial area close to the Port of Providence.
The industries located here include metal finishers, oil distributors, and
scrap metal dealers. The drain discharges its effluent via a 152-cm
diameter concrete pipe into the Providence River, a tributary of
Narragansett Bay. A small portion of this area (0.014 km2) is served by
a combined sewer which has an overflow into this drain. The slot
structure, however, is in good working condition and there is no
evidence of sanitary sewage inputs even under storm conditions.
2 1-95 The highway drain, the outfall of which is located on the Pawtuxet River
in Cranston, Rhode Island, serves a 0.488 km2 section of Interstate 95
and State Route 10. Interstate 95 is an eight-lane highway at this
locale and Route 10 is a four-lane highway. The drain, 305 cm in
diameter at its outfall, serves the pavement surface and the grassy
embankments on each side of the highways. There is evidence of
groundwater infiltration into this drain.
6
-------
Table 1.
Continued.
Sample
Location
Description
3
Manoila Avenue
A residential storm drain, which serves a 0.533 km2 section of
residential neighborhood. The drain, a 91 cm diameter concrete pipe,
discharges its effluent into the Pawtuxet River, a tributary of
Narragansett Bay. The neighborhood is single family dwellings on lots
approximately 100 m2 in size. The lawns are grassy and the
neighborhood is wooded.
4
Warwick Mall
A commercial storm drain serves a 0.125 km2 of a shopping center
complex in Warwick, Rhode Island. The drain, a 147 cm by 91 elliptical
corrugated metal pipe, discharges its effluent into the Pawtuxet River.
The drainage area is predominantly paved parking lot which gently
slopes toward the catch basins.
-------
Table 2. Dissolved oxygen (DO) readings taken during acute fathead minnow
tests with 8/10/90 CSO samples. Measurements were taken on the
100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each control.
Percent of Sample
100 25 6 C1
Sample Time DO
(h) (mg/l)
1
02
7.6
7.8
7.9
8.0
24
7.4
7.3
7.4
7.0
48
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.9
72
7.4
7.6
7.8
7.7
96
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.5
2
0
7.9
7.6
7.4
24
7.0
7.2
7.1
48
7.7
7.8
7.7
72
7.8
7.7
7.7
96
7.5
7.4
7.1
3
0
8.3
8.0
7.8
24
7.5
7.3
7.5
48
7.6
7.8
7.7
72
7.6
7.6
7.6
96
7.7
7.6
7.4
4
0
8.0
8.1
8.1
8.1
24
7.2
7.4
7.4
7.4
48
7.6
7.9
7.8
7.8
72
7.6
7.8
7.8
7.6
96
7.9
7.9
7.9
7.9
1 Two sets of controls were tested.
2 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
8
-------
Table 3. Temperature readings taken during fathead minnow and C. dubia testing
with 8/10/90 CSO samples. Measurements were taken on the 100%,
25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each control.
Percent of Sample
100 25 6 C1
Sample Time Temperature (°C)
(h) fathead minnow/C. dubia
1
02
24.2
23.8
23.8
24.0
24
25.5/23.5
25.3/24.2
25.5/24.5
25.3/24.4
48
24.8/24.1
24.7/24.6
24.9/24.8
25.0/24.7
723
25.5
25.6
25.7
25.7
96
25.5
25.7
25.8
25.8
2
0
24.8
25.0
25.2
24
25.3/24.5
25.4/24.6
25.3/24.7
48
24.7/24.3
24.8/24.8
24.9/24.6
72
25.3
25.4
25.4
96
25.5
25.5
25.4
3
0
24.3
24.3
24.5
24
24.7/24.3
25.2/24.8
25.3/24.3
48
24.6/24.6
24.8/24.6
24.9/24.7
72
25.2
25.5
25.5
96
25.1
25.6
25.7
4
0
24.4
24.3
24.3
24.5
24
25.1/25.0
25.2/24.7
25.1/25.0
25.2/24.9
48
24.8/25.1
24.7/25.0
24.6/24.9
24.7/24.5
72
25.3
25.3
25.4
25.5
96
25.5
25.5
25.5
25.5
1 Two sets of controls were tested.
2 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
3 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken at 48 h, therefore measurements after
48 h are for the fathead minnow tests.
9
-------
Table 4. Conductivity measurements taken during acute fathead minnow and C.
dubia tests with 8/10/90 CSO samples. Measurements were taken on
the 100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each control.
Percent of Sample
100
25
6
C1
mple
Time
Conductivity ((xmhos/cm)
(h)
fathead minnow/C. dubia
1
02
57
87
94
96
24
65/71
84/88
92/102
97/102
48
80/94
97/94
103/99
107/103
723
98
112
115
120
96
102
117
124
140
2
0
22
78
91
24
32/35
68/78
91/93
48
56/36
78/80
105/99
72
60
97
106
96
67
106
124
3
0
37
82
92
24
53/48
75/83
93/96
48
111/55
99/78
106/95
72
80
104
114
96
90
105
118
4
0
24
79
92
96
24
48/31
87/83
79/94
95/96
48
66/57
90/74
99/93
110/100
72
70
105
113
116
96
74
107
118
123
1 Two sets of controls were tested.
2 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
3 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken at 48 h, therefore measurements after
48 h are for the fathead minnow tests.
10
-------
Table 5.
pH measurements taken during acute fathead minnow and C. dubia
tests with 8/10/90 CSO samples. Measurements were taken on the
100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each control.
Percent of Sample
100
25
6
C1
mple
Time
PH
(h)
fathead minnow/C. dubia
1
02
6.29
7.44
7.65
7.79
24
5.81/6.19
6.85/6.73
7.14/8.11
7.17/7.97
48
5.96/6.25
7.12/7.22
7.32/7.43
7.44/7.47
723
7.01
7.79
7.76
7.69
96
6.87
7.63
7.54
7.24
2
0
6.05
7.35
7.69
24
7.22/8.31
7.00/7.98
7.23/7.97
48
5.50/6.10
7.10/7.62
7.41/7.51
72
6.50
7.65
7.58
96
5.81
7.47
7.24
3
0
6.41
7.59
7.66
24
6.80/8.01
7.08/7.75
7.22/7.75
48
6.03/5.90
7.21/7.13
7.41/7.51
72
6.93
7.69
7.69
96
6.08
7.56
7.39
4
0
5.49
7.62
7.80
7.84
24
5.08/8.06
6.97/7.70
7.15/7.64
7.33/7.61
48
6.01/6.69
7.48/7.71
7.57/7.70
7.59/7.64
72
7.14
7.75
7.74
7.67
96
7.12
7.63
7.65
7.48
1 Two sets of controls were tested.
2 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
3 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken at 48 h, therefore measurements after
48 h are for the fathead minnow tests.
11
-------
Table 6. Fathead minnow LC50's of 8/10/90 CSO samples at various times
throughout the 96 h acute test.
Time (h)
24 48 72 96_
LC50(%)
Sample (CI)1
1 >100 >100 >100 >100
2 >100 >100 >100 >100
3 >100 >100 >100 >100
4 84.1 84.1 80.2 80.2
(-)2 (-)2 (-)2 (*)2
1 95% Confidence interval.
2 Confidence interval could not be calculated.
12
-------
Table 7. LC50's of C. dubia tests with 8/10/90 CSO samples at various times
throughout the 48 h acute test.
Time (h)
24 48
LC50(%)
Sample (Cl^
1 >100 >100
2 >100 67.5
(61.8-73.8)
3 >100 70.7
(-)*
4 >100 95.8
(*)2
1 Confidence interval.
2 Confidence interval could not be calculated.
13
-------
August 19,1990
Combined Sewer Overflow Results
-------
INTRODUCTION
The fifth set of samples collected 8/19/90 for the Combined Sewer Overflows
(CSO) project arrived 8/21/90 at the Environmental Research Lab-Duluth for acute
toxicity testing using two freshwater organisms. The acute tests conducted were with
the cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia) and the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)
(EPA, 1985).
The sampling sites in EPA Region 1 were selected and sampled by the
Environmental Research Laboratory-Narrangansett in Rhode Island. The urban runoff
samples were collected from four different storm drains each serving a different land
use. Each site was sampled during a discrete storm event. A sampling team was at
each site prior to initiation of rainfall to ensure that samples represented the "first
flush." One composite sample from each station was shipped to the Environmental
Research Laboratory-Duluth; these stations are described in Table 1.
METHODS
When the samples arrived, initial chemistries (pH, dissolved oxygen (DO),
temperature, conductivity and hardness) were measured. Toxicity tests were initiated
the same day the samples were received. The 10% dilute mineral water (DMW) was
used as the dilution water and controls. Sample dilutions of 50%, 25%, 12% and 6%
were prepared in bulk and used for both fathead minnow and C. dubia tests. At 0, 48,
72, and 96 h during the fathead minnow and C. dubia tests, routine chemistries (pH,
2
-------
DO, temperature and conductivity) were measured for each station in the 100%, 25%,
6% and controls (Tables 2-5).
Fathead Minnow 96 h Acute Test
Larval fathead minnows (£ 24 h old) from the ERL-Duluth culture were tested for
4 d. Three replicates (50 ml each) for each sample with two sets of controls for each
sampling date were used and five organisms were randomly added to each test
chamber. During the 4 d test the fish were counted and chemistries were measured
and recorded.
C. dubia 48 h Acute Test
Three replicates of each test concentration and its dilutions (20 ml each) were
poured into 30 ml plastic cups and placed on a test board with one set of controls
tested with each test board. For each 20 ml of solution, 133 \ii of YCT (yeast-
Cerophyll®-trout food) was added and five £ 24 h old C. dubia were randomly placed
in each test cup. During the 48 h test, C. dubia survival was recorded and chemistries
were measured and recorded.
Statistical Analysis
The LC50's for the fathead minnow and C. dubia tests were calculated using the
trimmed Spearman-Karber method of analysis (Hamilton, 1977).
3
-------
RESULTS
The alkalinity of the samples was measured when the samples arrived. The
hardness of each of Sample 1, 2, and 3 was 35, 21, 18 (mg/l as CaC03), respectively.
The alkalinity of Sample 4 could not be measured, as the pH of the 100%
concentration of the sample was too low (pH-4.2). The hardness could not be
determined due to interferences of the color of the sample. The results of these
chemistries are given in Tables 2-5.
Sample 1, 2, and 4 showed acute toxicity to the fathead minnows (FHM) with
LC50 values of 66.7%, 80.5%, and 40.6% respectively. Sample 2, 3, and 4 were
acutely toxic to C. dubia at LC50 values of 70.7%, <6.3%, and 61.6% respectively.
However, Sample 4 had a low pH (~4) and as the sample was not pH adjusted the
toxicity was due to the low pH.
4
-------
REFERENCES
Hamilton, M.A., R.C. Russo, and R.V. Thurston. 1977. Trimmed Spearman-Karber
method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environ.
Sci. Technol. 11: 714-719; Correction: 1978 (12):417.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1985. Methods for measuring the acute
toxicity of effluents to freshwater and marine organisms. EPA/600/4-85/013.
Cincinnati, OH.
5
-------
Table 1.
Description of sample sites for the Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO) project.
Sample Location Description
1 Allen's Avenue The outfall of the industrial storm drain is located at the intersection of
Thurbers and Allen's Avenue in Providence, Rhode Island, and serves a
0.881 km2 section of an industrial area close to the Port of Providence,
the industries located here include metal finishers, oil distributors, and
scrap metal dealers. The drain discharges its effluent via a 152-cm
diameter concrete pipe into the Providence River, a tributary of
Narragansett Bay. A small portion of this area (0.014 km2) is served by
a combined sewer which has an overflow into this drain. The slot
structure, however, is in good working condition and there is no
evidence of sanitary sewage inputs even under storm conditions.
2 1-95 The highway drain, the outfall of which is located on the Pawtuxet River
in Cranston, Rhode Island, serves a 0.488 km2 section of Interstate 95
and State Route 10. Interstate 95 is an eight-lane highway at this
locale and Route 10 is a four-lane highway. The drain, 305 cm in
diameter at its outfall, serves the pavement surface and the grassy
embankments on each side of the highways. There is evidence of
groundwater infiltration into this drain.
6
-------
Table 1.
Continued.
Sample
Location
Description
3
Manolla Avenue
A residential storm drain, which serves a 0.533 km2 section of
residential neighborhood. The drain, a 91 cm diameter concrete pipe,
discharges its effluent into the Pawtuxet River, a tributary of
Narragansett Bay. The neighborhood is single family dwellings on lots
approximately 100 m2 in size. The lawns are grassy and the
neighborhood is wooded.
4
Warwick Mail
A commercial storm drain serves a 0.125 km2 of a shopping center
complex in Warwick, Rhode (stand. The drain, a 147 cm by 91 elliptical
corrugated metal pipe, discharges its effluent into the Pawtuxet River.
The drainage area is predominantly payed parking lot which gently
slopes toward the catch basins.
-------
Table 2. Dissolved oxygen (DO) readings taken during acute fathead minnow
tests with 8/21/90 CSO samples. Measurements were taken on the
100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each control.
Percent of Sample
100 25 6 C1
Sample Time DO
(h) (mg/l)
1
02
7.7
8.9
8.8
9.0
24
6.6
7.4
7.2
7.2
48
6.9
7.3
7.5
7.2
72
7.5
7.8
7.7
7.6
96
7.9
8.1
8.1
8.3
2
0
7.7
8.2
8.2
24
6.6
7.4
7.4
48
7.0
7.8
7.7
72
7.8
7.9
7.8
96
7.9
8.1
8.0
3
0
8.4
7.9
7.7
24
7.7
7.7
7.5
48
7.6
7.7
7.5
72
8.6
8.4
8.5
96
8.1
8.1
8.1
4
0
8.2
8.0
8.0
7.8
24
7.4
7.7
7.7
7.5
48
7.1
7.7
7.7
7.6
72
7.8
8.0
8.0
7.9
96
7.9
7.9
8.0
8.0
1 Two sets of controls were tested.
2 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
8
-------
Table 3. Temperature readings taken during fathead minnow and C. dubia testing
with 8/21/90 CSO samples. Measurements were taken on the 100%,
25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each control.
Percent of Sample
100 25 6 C1
Sample Time Temperature (°C)
(h) fathead minnow/C. dubia
1
02
24.5
25.0
25.1
25.1
24
26.8/25.8
26.5/26.0
26.1/25.8
26.1/25.7
48
26.8/25.4
26.7/25.6
26.2/25.7
26.1/25.5
723
26.6
26.6
26.3
26.3
96
26.7
26.7
26.3
26.1
2
0
24.5
25.0
25.3
24
27.0/25.8
27.1/26.1
26.8/25.6
48
27.0/26.0
26.6/26.3
26.2/26.5
72
26.7
26.5
26.6
96
26.8
26.5
26.1
3
0
25.3
25.5
25.4
24
27.1/25.4
27.0/25.5
26.6/25.2
48
26.9/26.1
26.6/26.1
26.4/25.2
72
26.8
26.7
26.5
96
27.0
26.7
26.3
4
0
24.2
24.8
25.0
25.1
24
27.2/25.6
26.9/25.8
26.5/25.9
26.3/25.8
48
26.6/25.7
26.7/25.8
26.5/26.2
26.2/26.3
72
26.8
26.7
26.5
26.5
96
27.0
26.7
26.3
26.1
1 Two sets of controls were tested.
2 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
3 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken at 48 h, therefore measurements after
48 h are for the fathead minnow tests.
9
-------
Table 4. Conductivity measurements taken during acute fathead minnow and C.
dubia tests with 8/21/90 CSO samples. Measurements were taken on
the 100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each control.
Percent of Sample
100
25
6
C1
Sample
Time
Conductivity (^mhos/cm)
(h)
fathead minnow/C. dubia
1
02
123
394
182
108
24
1085/1130
353/324
171/174
132/112
48
1083/1159
414/357
186/175
131/119
723
1094
359
180
130
96
1170
388
195
135
2
0
276
150
115
24
253/267
145/166
123/183
48
272/271
178/160
222/156
I
72
263
156
148
96
282
158
154
3
0
202
128
106
24
198/198
134/145
147/148
48
199/198
134/140
135/147
72
203
157
199
96
191
135
125
4
0
165
109
102
104
24
142/145
109/112
106/109
111/107
48
144/153
114/115
116/110
141/110
72
142
115
115
126
96
149
118
120
123
1 Two sets of controls were tested.
2 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
3 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken at 48 h, therefore measurements after
48 h are for the fathead minnow tests.
10
-------
Table 5. pH measurements taken during acute fathead minnow and C. dubia
tests with 8/21/90 CSO samples. Measurements were taken on the
100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each control.
Percent of Sample
100
25
6
C1
Sample
Time
PH
(h)
fathead minnow/C. dubia
1
02
6.74
7.46
7.86
8.12
24
7.32/7.34
7.55/7.47
7.58/7.54
7.60/7.59
48
7.52/7.52
7.72/7.63
7.79/7.68
7.76/7.60
723
7.66
7.75
7.79
7.56
96
7.75
7.87
7.96
7.99
2
0
6.58
7.52
7.94
24
7.09/7.24
7.43/7.48
7.51/7.50
48
7.44/7.40
7.74/7.69
7.52/7.73
72
7.56
7.74
7.75
96
7.72
7.89
7.93
3
0
6.87
7.72
7.99
24
7.53/7.32
7.82/7.63
7.89/7.74
48
7.49/7.31
7.80/7.64
7.80/7.71
72
7.66
7.91
7.94
96
7.77
7.95
7.96
4
0
4.17
7.40
7.86
8.14
24
4.76/4.60
7.52/7.56
7.79/7.62
7.80/7.60
48
5.19/5.01
7.62/7.72
7.77/7.92
7.78/7.95
72
6.10
7.76
7.85
7.81
96
6.17
7.62
7.83
7.92
1 Two sets of controls were tested.
2 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
3 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken at 48 h, therefore measurements after
48 h are for the fathead minnow tests.
11
-------
Table 6. Fathead minnow LC50's of 8/21/90 CSO samples at various times
throughout the 96 h acute tests.
Time (h)
24 48 72 96
LC50 (%)
Sample (CI)1
1
84.1
(")
76.2
(67.7-85.8)
70.7
(59.7-83.7)
66.7
(48.5-92.0)
2
80.5
(64.1-101.2)
80.5
(64.1-101.2)
80.5
(64.1-101.2)
80.5
(64.1-101.2)
3
>100
>100
>100
>100
4
40.6
(35.2-46.9)
40.6
(35.2-46.9)
40.6
(35.2-46.9)
40.6
(35.2-46.9)
1 95% Confidence interval.
12
-------
Table 7.
LC50's of C. dubia tests with 8/21/90 CSO samples at various times
throughout the 48 h acute test.
Time (h)
24
48
Sample
LC50 (%)
(CI)*
1
>100
>100
2
>100
70.7
(-)2
3
<6.3
<6.3
4
70.7
(-)2
61.6
(53.4-71)
1 Confidence interval.
2 Confidence interval could not be calculated.
13
-------
September 17,1990
Combined Sewer Overflow Results
-------
INTRODUCTION
As part of the Combined Sewer Overflows (CSO) project to evaluate the toxicity
of stormwater run-off, a sixth set of samples which was collected 9/17/90 and arrived
9/18/90 at the Environmental Research Lab-Duluth from EPA Region 1. Four urban
sites (Table I) representing different land uses were selected and sampled by the
Environmental Research Lab-Narragansett during discrete storm events. One
composited sample, which included the "first flush" was provided for each site.
Samples were tested for acute toxicity in survival tests using the fathead minnow
(FHM) larvae (Pimephales promelas) and a cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia)
(EPA, 1985).
METHODS
When samples arrived, initial chemistries (pH, dissolved oxygen (DO),
temperature and conductivity) were measured. Tests were conducted at
concentrations of 100%, 50%, 25%, 12% and 6%. Dilutions were prepared with 10%
dilute mineral water (DMW) in bulk and used for both FHM and C. dubia tests. At
various times during the tests, test chemistries (pH, DO, temperature and conductivity)
were measured for each station at 100%, 25%, 6% and the controls (C. dubia and
fathead minnow). All tests were conducted at 25 ± 1°C.
2
-------
Fathead Minnow 96 h Acute Test
Larval fathead minnows (£ 24 h old) from the ERL-Duluth culture were exposed
in three replicates to test solutions and two sets of 10% DMW controls for 96 h. Five
organisms were randomly added to 50 ml of solution in each 100 ml glass beaker. At
various times during the 96 h test the fish were counted and chemistries were
measured.
C. dubia 48 h Acute Test
Three replicates of each sample and its dilutions (20 ml each) were poured into
plastic cups and placed on a test board with one set of controls (10% DMW) tested
with each test board. For each 20 ml of solution, 133 ill YCT (yeast-cerophyll-trout
food) was added. Five C. dubia £ 24 h old were randomly placed in each test cup. At
various times during the test, C. dubia survival was recorded and chemistries of the
100%, 25%, and 6% concentration of each sample and a control were measured and
recorded.
Statistical Analysis
The LC50's were calculated using the trimmed Spearman-Karber method of
analysis (Hamilton,1977).
3
-------
RESULTS
Except for a low initial pH (5.1) in the 100% concentration of Sample 4, pH and
DO values (initial and final) for all stations were within the acceptable ranges for both
test species (Tables 2 and 3). The conductivity measurements of the 100% sample at
time 0 ranged from 25-2150 |imhos/cm (Table 4). The highest conductivities were
measured for Sample 1. The test temperatures are given in Table 5.
The results of the fathead minnow acute tests showed acute toxicity in Samples
2 and 4 (Table 6). The 96 h LC50 values were 80.1% and 70.7%, respectively. The
other two samples did not exhibit acute toxicity to the fish. For the C. dubia tests,
Samples 2 and 4 also exhibited toxicity, as shown in Table 7. LC50 values were
70.7% for both of these samples while stations 1 and 3 did not exhibit toxicity. As in
sample sets 4 and 5, the low pH may have been the cause of toxicity for Sample 4.
4
-------
REFERENCES
Hamilton, M.A., R.C. Russo, and R.V. Thurston. 1977. Trimmed Spearman-Karber
method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays.
Environ. Sci. Technol. 11: 714-719; Correction: 1978 (12):417.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1985. Methods for measuring the acute
toxicity of effluents to freshwater and marine organisms. EPA/600/4-85/013.
Cincinnati, OH.
5
-------
Table 1. Description of Narragansett CSO samples.
Sample Location Description
1 Allen's Avenue The outfall of the industrial storm drain is located at the intersection of
Thurbers and Aliens Avenue in Providence, Rhode Island, and serves a
0.661 km2 section of an industrial area close to the Port of Providence.
The industries located here include metal finishers, oil distributors, and
scrap metal dealers. The drain discharges its effluent via a 152-cm
diameter concrete pipe into the Providence River, a tributary of
Narragansett Bay. A small portion of this area (0.014 km2) is served by
a combined sewer which has an overflow into this drain. The slot
structure, however, is in good working condition and there is no
evidence of sanitary sewage inputs even under storm conditions.
2 1-95 The highway drain, the outfall of which is located on the Pawtuxet River
in Cranston, Rhode Island, serves a 0.488 km2 section of Interstate 95
and State Route 10. Interstate 95 is an eight-lane highway at this
locale and Route 10 is a four-lane highway. The drain, 305 cm in
diameter at its outfall, serves the pavement surface and the grassy
embankments on each side of the highways. There is evidence of
groundwater infiltration into this drain.
6
-------
Table 1. Continued.
Sample Location
3 Manolla Avenue
4
Warwick Mall
Description
A residential storm drain, which serves a 0.533km2 section of residential
neighborhood. The drain, a 91 cm diameter concrete pipe, discharges
its effluent into the Pawtuxet River, a tributary of Narragansett Bay. The
neighborhood is middle class with single family dwellings on lots
approximately 100 m2 in size. The lawns are grassy and the
neighborhood is wooded.
A commercial storm drain serves a 0.125 km2 of a shopping center
complex in Warwick, Rhode Island. The drain, a 147 cm by 91 elliptical
corrugated metal pipe, discharges its effluent into the Pawtuxet River.
The drainage area is predominantly paved parking lot which gently
slopes toward the catch basins.
7
-------
Table 2. pH measurements taken during acute fathead minnow and C. dubia
tests with Narragansett 9/18/90 CSO samples. Measurements were
taken on the 100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each
control.
Percent of Sample
100 25 6 C
Sample Time
(h)
o1
6.83
7.46
7.58
7.92
24
7.42/7.21
7.67/7.42
7.80/7.47
8.01/7.51
48
7.40/7.56
7.60/7.77
7.66/7.86
7.70/7.94
CM
CM
h-
7.45
7.72
7.75
7.95
93
7.95
7.95
8.02
7.97
0
6.65
7.60
7.66
24
7.24/7.29
7.76/7.40
7.80/7.34
48
7.33/7.41
7.70/7.75
7.76/7.84
72
7.12
7.77
7.83
93
7.66
7.76
7.86
0
6.43
7.51
7.64
24
7.20/7.10
7.51/7.34
7.44/7.30
48
7.26/7.49
7.63/7.72
7.59/7.64
72
7.37
7.87
7.84
93
7.54
7.77
7.81
0
5.10
7.54
7.58
24
6.67/6.44
7.45/7.38
7.38/7.30
48
/7.19
7.62/7.48
7.84/7.63
72
—
7.73
7.79
93
...
7.77
7.81
PH
Fathead minnow/C. dubia
1 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
2 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken at 48 h, therefore measurements of only
fathead minnow tests only after 48 h.
8
-------
Table 3. DO readings taken during acute fathead minnow and C. dubia tests with
Narragansett 9/18/90 CSO samples. Measurements were taken on the
100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each control.
Percent of Sample
100 25 6 C
Sample Time DO
(h) (mg/l)
o1
8.1
7.5
7.6
7.8
24
6.5
7.0
6.8
5.6
48
7.3
7.5
7.7
7.4
72
7.5
7.4
7.4
7.5
93
8.4
8.3
8.1
7.9
0
8.5
7.8
7.8
24
7.1/7.0
7.1
7.2
48
7.6
7.5
7.5
72
7.5
7.6
7.5
93
7.9
7.9
7.9
0
8.4
7.8
7.7
24
6.8
6.9
7.1
48
7.4
7.6
7.6
72
7.4
7.6
7.6
93
7.8
7.9
7.8
0
8.7
7.8
7.2
24
6.1/6.3
6.6
6.8
48
7.0
7.5
7.2
72
7.4
7.6
7.6
93
7.7
7.8
7.8
1 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
9
-------
Table 4. Conductivity measurements taken during acute fathead minnow and C.
dubia tests with Narragansett 9/18/90 CSO samples. Measurements
were taken on the 100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and
each control.
Percent of Sample
100
25
6
C
mple
Time
Conductivity (^mhos/cm)
(h)
fathead minnow/C. dubia
1
01
2070
636
240
98
24
2010/2070
620/621
239/252
108/101
48
1997/2120
614/653
248/384
116/131
CM
CM
r--
1992
611
251
124
93
2000
642
270
130
2
0
68
89
95
24
69/72
134/125
116/121
48
74/
96/
157/
72
74
94
126
93
85
102
158
3
0
71
89
92
24
75/79
92/98
99/103
48
78/83
93/101
103/110
72
81
97
134
93
89
101
134
4
0
24
78
92
24
28/27
80/82
95/97
48
IAS
82/86
98/99
72
32
135
108
93
39
136
111
1 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
2 Last measurement of C. dubia tests taken at 48 h, therefore measurements of only
fathead minnow tests only after 48 h.
10
-------
Table 5. Temperature readings taken during fathead minnow and C. dubia tests
with Narragansett 9/18/90 CSO samples. Measurements were taken on
the 100%, 25% and 6% dilutions of each sample and each control.
Percent of Sample
100 25
Sample Time Temperature (°C)
(h) fathead minnow/C. dubia
o1
25.2
25.1
25.0
25.1
24
24.8/24.4
24.9/24.7
25.0/24.6
24.7/24.6
48
25.1/24.4
25.0/24.6
25.1/24.7
25.2/25.2
722
25.4
25.2
25.3
25.6
93
25.3
25.2
25.1
25.4
0
25.0
25.0
25.1
24
24.8/24.7
24.7/24.7
24.9/24.4
48
25.2/24.7
25.1/24.8
25.1/24.7
72
25.6
25.3
25.4
93
25.2
25.1
25.2
0
23.1
25.1
25.1
24
24.7/24.5
24.8/24.5
24.9/24.6
48
25.4/24.8
25.2/25.0
25.1/24.6
72
25.5
25.3
25.3
93
25.2
25.2
25.2
0
25.1
25.2
25.3
24
24.6/24.6
24.6/24.7
24.6/24.6
48
/25.1
25.2/25.3
25.2/25.2
72
25.5
25.2
25.3
93
25.2
25.3
25.3
1 Measurement of samples before organisms were added.
2 Last measurement of C. dub/a tests taken at 48 h, therefore measurements of only
fathead minnow tests only after 48 h.
11
-------
Table 6. Fathead minnow LC50's of 9/18/90 Narragansett CSO
samples at various times throughout the 96 h acute test.
Time (hours)
Sample
24
48 72
LC50(%)
(CI)
96
1
2
3
4
>100
>100
>100
70.7
(")2
>100
>100
>100
70.7
(-)2
>100
>100
>100
70.7
(*)2
>100
80.1
(")2
>100
70.7
H2
1 95% Confidence interval.
2 Confidence interval could not be calculated.
12
-------
Table 7. C. dubia LC50's of 9/18/90 Narragansett CSO samples at
various times throughout the 48 h acute tests.
Time (h)
24 48
LC50(%)
Sample (CI)1
1
>100
>100
2
80.2
(-)2
70.7
H2
3
>100
>100
4
70.7
/.\ 2
70.7
2
(-)2 (-)2
1 Confidence interval.
2 Confidence interval could not be calculated.
13
-------
APPENDIX B
WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS
-------
EPA REGION 1 STORM WATER
April 3, 1990
PARAMETER
ALLEN1S
1-95 MANNOLLA
WAR. MALL
MG/L
Hardness (CaC03)
76
57
48
37
Alkalinity (CaC03)
21
29
8.8
<1
pH, S.U.
6.7
6.4
5.5
3 . 5
Chloride
178
104
26
14
Specific Conductance, umhos/cm
722
406
152
110
Total Solids
523
264
127
97
Turbidity, NTU
20
5.8
3.6
6.6
Ammonia (N)
0.21
0. 33
<0.1
0. 18
Oil and Grease
12
4.2
2.8
4.0
Total Organic carbon
36
20
11
14
Surfactants
0.33
H
•
O
0.18
0.22
BODj
17
4
10
9 f
Fecal Coliforin, MF/lOOml
2760
10,800
28
124
Enterococci, MF/lOOml
<2
<2
<2
<2
Clostridium, P/A
pos
pos
pos
pos
-------
EPA REGION 1 STORM WATER
May 16, 1990
PARAMETER
ALLEN'S
1-95 MANNOLLA
WAR. MALL
MG/L
Hardness (CaC03)
56
73
50
29
Alkalinity (CaC03)
27
45
15
1.6
pH, S.U.
6.6
6.8
6.0
4.2
Chloride
68
57
26
28
Specific Conductance, umhos/cm
405
377
196
170
Total Solids
293
223
137
149
Turb id ity, NTU
22
4.7
2.6
12
Ammonia (N)
0.85
0.43
0.22
0.75
Oil and Grease
9.6
<2
<2
4.6
Total Organic Carbon
28
7
3
17
Surfactants
0.73
0.13
0.03
0.33
BODj
31
4
<2
23
Fecal Coliform, MF/lOOml
2760
1280
24
476.
Enterococci, MF/lOOml
440
<2
<2
<2&
Clostridium, P/A
pos
pos
pos
pos
-------
EPA REGION 1 STORM WATER
May 29, 1990
PARAMETER
ALLEN'S
1-95 MANNOLLA
WAR. MALL
MG/L
Hardness (CaC03)
953
40
35
95
Alkalinity (CaC03)
207
22
12
<1
pH, S.U.
7.3
6.2
5.5
4.0
Chloride
2500
35
14
19
Specific Conductance, umhos/cm
7620
187
100
157
Total Solids
4940
183
124
171
Turbidity, NTU
28
15
7.5
16
Ammonia (N)
0.55
0. 19
0.11
1.4
Oil and Grease
5.0
4.0
2.6
5.2
Total Organic Carbon
22
14
10
60
Surfactants
0.69
0.46
0.63
2.1
BODs
14
16
11
43
Fecal Coliform, MF/lOOml
8200
4880
3800
164
Enterococci, MF/lOOml
<2
334
8
4(
Clostridium, P/A
pos
pos
pos
pos
-------
EPA REGION 1 STORM WATER
August 8, 1990
PARAMETER
ALLEN'S
1-95 MANNOLLA
WAR. MALL
MG/L
Hardness (CaC03)
18
14
16
14
Alkalinity (CaC03)
6
5
4
2
pH, S.U.
6.7
6.1
6.4
5.4
Chloride
8.3
4.9
8.3
6.9
Specific Conductance, umhos/cm
48
20
34
22
Total Solids
48
23
35
15
Turbidity, NTU
8.7
3.6
3.8
0.8
Ammonia (N)
<0.1
0.1
<0.1
0.11
Oil and Grease
4.6
<2
2
<2
Total Organic Carbon
5
4
3
2
Surfactants
0.32
0.21
o
»-»
00
0.14
BODs
5
2
2
1
Fecal Coliform, MF/lOOml
49,600
37,600 80,
400
59,600
Enterococci, MF/lOOml
2380
134
<2
298»
Clostridium, P/A
pos
pos
pos
pos
-------
EPA REGION 1 STORM WATER
August 19, 1990
PARAMETER
ALLEN•S
1-95 MANNOLLA
WAR. MALL
MG/L
Hardness (CaC03)
221
116
56
37
Alkalinity (CaC03)
39
21
16
<1
pH, S.U.
6.6
6.4
6.5
4 . 1
Chloride
358
40
26
20
Specific Conductance, umhos/cm
1400
298
214
180
Total Solids
863
277
171
169
Turbidity, NTU
7.8
8.7
3.0
5.0
Ammonia (N)
1.4
0.92
0. 35
2.6
Oil and Grease
3
2
<2
2.4
Total Organic Carbon
27
21
3
22
Surfactants
0.96
0.84
0.47
0.76
BOD j
32
30
1
39
Fecal Coliform, MF/lOOml
148,400
4800
800
O M
O V
CO
to
n
Enterococci, MF/lOOml
<2
<2
<2
Clostridium, P/A
pos
pos
pos
pos.
-------
EPA REGION 1 STORM WATER
September 17, 1990
PARAMETER
ALLEN'S
1-95 MANN0LLA
WAR. MALL
MG/L
Hardness (CaC03)
241
24
23
15
Alkalinity (CaCO})
17
6.4
6.4
2.0
pH, S.U.
6.8
6.7
6.3
5.2
Chloride
678
10
9.0
3.4
Specific Conductance, umhos/cro
2190
62
66
21
Total Solids
1320
51
48
5.3
Turbidity, NTU
5.7
3.7
1.7
1.2
Ammonia (N)
0.20
0.19
0. 15
0.26
Oil and Grease
4
<2
<2
3 . 2
Total Organic Carbon
7
5
5
4
Surfactants
0.44
0.41
0.38
0.34
bod5
7
5
5
3
Fecal Coliform, MF/100ml
31,200
14,400
3280
2800
100&
Enterococci, MF/100ml
7400
1200
240
Clostridium, P/A
pos
pos
pos
pos
-------
APPENDIX C
PRIORITY POLLUTANTS
-------
EPA REGION 1 STORM WATER
VOLATILE ORGANICS DET. LIMIT, UG/L
CHLOROMETHANE 10
BROMOMETHANE 10
VINYL CHLORIDE 10
CHLOROETHANE 10
METHYLENE CHLORIDE 3
1,1-DICHLOROETHENE 3
1.1-DICHLOROETHANE 5
TRANS-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE 2
CHLOROFORM 2
1.2-DICHLOROETHANE 3
1.1.1-TRICHLOROETHANE 4
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE 3
BROMODICHLOROMETHANE 2
1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHAN 7
1.2-DICHLOROPROP ANE 6
TRANS-1,3-DICHLOROPROPEN 5
TRICHLOROETHENE 2
DIBROMOCHLOROMETHANE 3
1.1.2-TRICHLOROETHANE 5
BENZENE 4
CIS-1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE 5
2-CHLOROETHEYL VINYL ET 10
BROMOFORM 5
TETRACHLOROETHENE 4
TOLUENE 6
CHLOROBENZENE 6
ETHYL BENZENE 7
TRICHLOROFLOUROMETHA 10
TOTAL DICHLOROBENZENES 5
SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANICS
N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE 10
PHENOL 10
BlS(2-CHLOROETHYL) ETHER 10
2-CHLOROPHENOL 10
1.3-DICHLOROBENZENE 10
-------
1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE 10
1,2-DICHLOROBENZENE 10
BIS(Z-CHLOROISOPROPYL) ET 10
N-NITROSO-DI-N-PROPYLAMI 10
HEXACHLOROETHANE 10
NITROBENZENE 10
ISOPHORONE 10
2-NITROPHENOL 10
2,4-DIMETHYLPHENOL 10
BIS(2-CHLOROETHOXY) MET 10
2,4-DICHLOROPHENOL 10
1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE 10
NAPTHALENE 10
HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE 10
4-CHLORO-3-METHYLPHENOL 20
HEXACHLOROCYCLOPENTA 10
2,4,6-TRICHLOROPHENOL 10
2-CHLORONAPTHALENE 10
DIMETHYL PHTHALATE 10
ACENAPTHELENE 10
2,4-DINITROPHENOL 50
4-NITROPHENOL 50
2,4-DINITROTOLUENE 10
DIETHYLPHTHALATE 10
4-CHLORO PHENYL ETHER 10
FLUORENE 10
2-METHYL-4,6-DINITROPHEN 10
N-NITROSODIPHENYL AMINE 10
1,2-DIPHENYLHYDRAZINE 10
4-BROMOPHENYL PHENYL ET 10
HEXACHLOROBENZENE 10
PENTACHLOROPHENOL 50
PHENANTHRENE 10
ANTHRACENE 10
Dl-n-BUTYLPHTHALATE 10
FLUORANTHENE 10
BENZIDINE 10
PYRENE 10
BUTYL BENZYL PHTHALATE 10
3,3'-DICHLOROBENZIDENE 20
BENZO[a]ANTHRACENE 10
CHRYSENE 10
-------
BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHAL 10
DI-n-OCTYL PHTHALATE 10
BENZO[b]FLUORANTHENE 10
BENZO[k]FLUORANTHENE 10
INDENO[l,2,3-cd]PYRENE 10
DIBENZ[a,h]ANTHRACENE 10
BENZO[g,h,i]PERYLENE 10
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES/PCBS
<*-BHC 0.05
£ -BHC 0.05
LINDANE 0.05
S'-BHC 0.05
HEPTACHLOR 0.05
ALDRIN 0.05
HEPTACHLOR EPOXIDE 0.05
ENDOSULFAN-I 0.05
DIELDRIN 0.10
4,4'-DDE 0.10
ENDRIN 0.10
ENDOSULFAN-II 0.10
4,4'-DDD 0.10
ENDRIN ALDEHYDE 0.10
ENDOSULFAN SULFATE 0.10
4,4'-DDT 0.10
CHLORDANE 0.45
TOXAPHENE 4.00
AR-1016 2.00
AR-1221 2.50
AR-1232 2.50
AR-1242 2.50
AR-1248 2.00
AR-1254 1.30
AR-1260 1.00
AQUEOUS METALS
ANTIMONY 2.6
ARSENIC 2.2
BERYLLIUM i.3
CADMIUM 1.9
CHROMIUM, TOTAL 17
COPPER 9.1
-------
LEAD 6.0
MERCURY 0.20
NICKEL \2
SELENIUM 2.9
SILVER "j'l
THALLIUM 3 7
ZINC 6;6
-------
EPA REGION 1 STORM WATER
April 3, 1990
VOLATILE ORGANICS
ALLEN'S
1-95 MANNOLLA
WAR. MP
PPB
Chloromethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bromomethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Vinyl chloride
nd
nd
nd
nd
Chloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Methylene Chloride
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,l-Dichloroethene
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,l-Dichloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Trans-1,2-dichloroethene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Chloroform
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,2-Dichloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Carbon tetrachloride
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bromodichloromethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,2-Dichloropropane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Trans-i, 3-dichloropropene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Trichloroethene
nd
6
7
nd
Dibromochloromethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
nd
10
nd
nd
Benzene
nd
19
nd
nd
Cis-1,3-dichloropropene
nd
nd
nd
nd
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bromoform
nd
nd
nd
nd
Tetrachloroethene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Toluene
nd
9
6
nd
Chlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Ethyl benzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Trichlorofluoromethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Total dichlorobenzenes
nd
nd
nd
nd
SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANICS
N-N itrosodimethylamine
nd
nd
nd
nd
Phenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
nd
nd
nd
nd
2-Chlorophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
nd
nd
nd
nd
N-Nitroso-di-N-propylamine
nd
nd
nd
nd
Hexachloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Nitrobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
-------
ALLEN'S 1-95 MANNOLLA WAR. MALL
PPB
Isophorone nd nd nd nd
2-Nitrophenol nd nd nd nd
2,4-Dimethylphenol nd nd nd nd
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane nd nd nd nd
2,4-Dichlorophenol nd nd nd nd
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene nd nd nd nd
Napthalene nd nd nd nd
Hexachlorobutadiene nd nd nd nd
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol nd nd nd nd
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene nd nd nd nd
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol nd nd nd nd
2-Chloronapthalene nd nd nd nd
Dimethyl Phthalate nd nd nd nd
Acenapthelene nd nd nd nd
2,4-Dinitrophenol nd nd nd nd
4-Nitrophenol nd nd nd nd
2,4-Dinitrotoluene nd nd nd nd
Diethylphthalate nd nd nd nd
4-Chloro phenyl ether nd nd nd nd
Fluorene nd nd nd nd.
2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol nd nd nd nd
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine nd nd nd nd.
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine nd nd nd nd
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether nd nd nd nd
Hexachlorobenzene nd nd nd nd
Pentachlorophenol nd nd nd nd
Phenanthrene nd nd nd 12
Anthracene nd nd nd nd
Di-n-butylphthalate nd nd nd nd
Fluoranthene nd nd 6 26
Benzidene nd nd nd nd
Pyrene nd nd nd 18
Butyl benzy phthalate nd nd nd nd
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidene nd nd nd nd
Benzo[a]anthracene nd nd nd nd
Chrysene nd nd nd 23
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 13 15 nd 19
Di-n-octyl phthalate nd nd nd nd
Benzofb]fluoranthene nd nd nd 12
Benzo[k]fluoranthene nd nd nd 16
Indeno[l,2,3-cd]pyrene nd nd nd 8
Dibenz[ah]anthracene nd nd nd nd
Benzo[ghi]perylene nd nd nd nd
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES/PCBS
a-BHC nd nd nd nd
/3-BHC nd nd nd nd
Lindane nd nd nd nd
-------
ALLEN•S
1-95
MANNOLLA
WAR. M/
PPB
Aldrin
nd
nd
nd
nd
Heptaclor epoxide
nd
nd
nd
nd
Endosulfan-I
nd
nd
nd
nd
Dieldrin
nd
nd
nd
nd
4,4'-DDE
nd
nd
nd
nd
Endrin
nd
nd
nd
nd
Endosulfan-II
nd
nd
nd
nd
4,4'-DDD
nd
nd
nd
nd
Endrin Aldehyde
nd
nd
nd
nd
Endosulfan sulfate
nd
nd
nd
nd
4,4'-DDT
nd
nd
nd
nd
Chlordane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Toxaphene
nd
nd
nd
nd
A-1016
nd
nd
nd
nd
A-1221
nd
nd
nd
nd
A-1232
nd
nd
nd
nd
A-12 4 2
nd
nd
nd
nd
A-1248
nd
nd
nd
nd
A-1254
nd
nd
nd
nd
A-1260
nd
nd
nd
nd
AQUEOUS METALS
Antimony
nd
nd
nd
nd
Arsenic
nd
nd
2.3
nd
Beryllium
nd
nd
nd
nd
Cadmium
3.0
nd
nd
nd
Chromium, total
nd
nd
nd
18
Copper
130
60
19
27
Lead
280
56
20
78
Mercury
nd
nd
nd
nd
Nickel
1.4
nd
nd
22
Selenium
nd
nd
nd
nd
Silver
nd
nd
nd
nd
Thallium
nd
nd
nd
nd
zinc
560
180
130
320
-------
EPA REGION 1 STORM WATER
May 16, 1990
VOLATILE ORGANICS ALLEN'S 1-95 MANNOLLA WAR. MALL
PPB
Chloromethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bromomethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Vinyl chloride
nd
nd
nd
nd
Chloroetharie
20
12
15
10
Methylene Chloride
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,1-Dichloroethene
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,1-Dichloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Trans-1,2-dichloroethene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Chloroform
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,2-Dichloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Carbon tetrachloride
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bromodichloromethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
l,2-Dichloropropane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Trans-i,3-dichloropropene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Trichloroethene
nd
4
nd
nd
Dibromochloromethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Benzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Cis-1,3-dichloropropene
nd
nd
nd
nd
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bromoform
nd
nd
nd
nd
Tetrachloroethene
nd
4
nd
nd
Toluene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Chlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Ethyl benzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Trichlorofluoromethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Total dichlorobenzenes
nd
nd
nd
nd
SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANICS
n-n itrosodimethylamine
nd
nd
nd
nd
Phenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
nd
nd
nd
nd
2-Chlorophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
nd
nd
nd
nd
N-Nitroso-di-N-propylamine
nd
nd
nd
nd
Hexachloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Nitrobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
-------
ALLEN'S 1-95 MANNOLLA WAR. MALL
PPB
Isophorone nd nd nd nd
2-Nitrophenol nd nd nd nd
2,4-Dimethylphenol nd nd nd nd
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane nd nd nd nd
2,4-Dichlorophenol nd nd nd nd
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene nd nd nd nd
Napthalene nd nd nd nd
Hexachlorobutadiene nd nd nd nd
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol nd nd nd nd
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene nd nd nd nd
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol nd nd nd nd
2-Chloronapthalene nd nd nd nd
Dimethyl Phthalate nd nd nd nd
Acenapthelene nd nd nd nd
2,4-Dinitrophenol nd nd nd nd
4-Nitrophenol nd nd nd nd
2,4-Dinitrotoluene nd nd nd nd
Diethylphthalate nd nd nd nd
4-Chloro phenyl ether nd nd nd nd
Fluorene nd nd nd nd
2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol nd nd nd nd
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine nd nd nd nd
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine nd nd nd nd
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether nd nd nd nd
Hexachlorobenzene nd nd nd nd
Pentachlorophenol nd nd nd nd
Phenanthrene nd nd nd nd
Anthracene nd nd nd nd
Di-n-butylphthalate nd nd nd nd
Fluoranthene nd nd nd nd
Benzidene nd nd nd nd
Pyrene nd nd nd nd
Butyl benzy phthalate nd nd nd nd
3,31-Dichlorobenzidene nd nd nd nd
Benzo[a]anthracene nd nd nd nd
Chrysene nd nd nd nd
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate 7 nd nd nd
Di-n-octyl phthalate nd nd nd nd
Benzo[b]fluoranthene nd nd nd nd
Benzo[k]fluoranthene nd nd nd nd
Indeno[l,2,3-cd]pyrene nd nd nd nd
Dibenz[ah]anthracene nd nd nd nd
Benzo[ghi]perylene nd nd nd nd
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES/PCBS
a-BHC nd nd nd nd
J5-BHC nd nd nd nd
Lindane nd nd nd nd
£-BHC nd nd nd nd
Heptachlor nd nd nd nd
-------
ALLEN'S 1-95 MANNOLLA WAR. HALL
PPB
Aldrin
nd
nd
nd
nd
Heptaclor epoxide
nd
nd
nd
nd
Endosulfan-I
nd
nd
nd
nd
Dieldrin
nd
nd
nd
nd
4,4'-DDE
nd
nd
nd
nd
Endrin
nd
nd
nd
nd
Endosulfan-II
nd
nd
nd
nd
4,4'-DDD
nd
nd
nd
nd
Endrin Aldehyde
nd
nd
nd
nd
Endosulfan sulfate
nd
nd
nd
nd
4,4'-DDT
nd
nd
nd
nd
Chlordane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Toxaphene
nd
nd
nd
nd
A-1016
nd
nd
nd
nd
A-1221
nd
nd
nd
nd
A-1232
nd
nd
nd
nd
A-1242
nd
nd
nd
nd
A-1248
nd
nd
nd
nd
A-1254
nd
nd
nd
nd
A-1260
nd
nd
nd
nd
AQUEOUS METALS
Antimony
nd
nd
nd
nd
Arsenic
1.7
nd
nd
nd
Beryllium
nd
nd
nd
nd
Cadmium
5
nd
nd
nd
Chromium, total
nd
nd
nd
nd
Copper
140
35
14
59
Lead
130
20
7
110
Mercury
nd
nd
nd
0.32
Nickel
nd
nd
nd
nd
Selenium
nd
nd
nd
nd
Silver
nd
nd
nd
nd
Thallium
nd
nd
nd
nd
Zinc
590
77
67
290
-------
EPA REGION 1 STORM WATER
May 29, 1990
VOLATILE ORGANICS
ALLEN'S
1-95
MANNOLLA
WAR. Mi
PPB
Chloromethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bromomethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Vinyl chloride
nd
nd
nd
nd
chloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Methylene Chloride
nd
nd
nd
11
1,l-Dichloroethene
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,1-Dichloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Trans-1,2-dichloroethene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Chloroform
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,2-Dichloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,1,l-Trichloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Carbon tetrachloride
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bromodichloromethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
l,2-Dichloropropane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Trans-1,3-dichloropropene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Trichloroethene
nd
3
nd
nd
Dibromochloromethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Benzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Cis-1,3-dichloropropene
nd
nd
nd
nd
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bromoform
nd
4
nd
nd
Tetrachloroethene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Toluene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Chlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Ethyl benzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Trichlorofluoromethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Total dichlorobenzenes
nd
nd
nd
nd
SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANICS
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
nd
nd
nd
nd
Phenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
nd
nd
nd
nd
2-Chlorophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
nd
nd
nd
nd
N-Nitroso-di-N-propylamine
nd
nd
nd
nd
Hexachloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Nitrobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
-------
ALLEN¦S
1-95
MANNOLLA
WAR. MALL
PPB
Isophorone
nd
nd
nd
nd
2-Nitrophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
2,4-Dimethylphenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
nd
nd
nd
nd
2,4-Dichlorophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
l, 2,4-Trichlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Napthalene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Hexachlorobutadiene
nd
nd
nd
nd
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
nd
nd
nd
nd
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
2-Chloronapthalene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Dimethyl Phthalate
nd
nd
nd
nd
Acenapthelene
nd
nd
nd
nd
2,4-Dinitrophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
4-Nitrophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Diethylphthalate
nd
nd
nd
nd
4-Chloro phenyl ether
nd
nd
nd
nd
Fluorene
nd
nd
nd
nd.
2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd*
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
nd
nd
nd
nd.
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
nd
nd
nd
nd
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
nd
nd
nd
nd
Hexachlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Pentachlorophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
Phenanthrene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Anthracene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Di-n-butylphthalate
nd
nd
nd
nd
Fluoranthene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Benzidene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Pyrene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Butyl benzy phthalate
nd
nd
nd
nd
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Benzo[a]anthracene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Chrysene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
nd
nd
nd
nd
Di-n-octyl phthalate
nd
nd
nd
nd
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Dibenz[ah]anthracene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Benzo[ghi]perylene
nd
nd
nd
nd
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES/PCBS
a-BHC
nd
nd
nd
nd
ft-BHC
nd
nd
nd
nd
Lindane
nd
nd
nd
nd
-------
ALLEN'S 1-95 MANNOLLA WAR. MALL
PPB
Aldrin
nd
nd
nd
nd
Heptaclor epoxide
nd
nd
nd
nd
Endosulfan-I
nd
nd
nd
nd
Dieldrin
nd
nd
nd
nd
4,4'-DDE
nd
nd
nd
nd
Endrin
nd
nd
nd
nd
Endosulfan-II
nd
nd
nd
nd
4,4'-DDD
nd
nd
nd
nd
Endrin Aldehyde
nd
nd
nd
nd
Endosulfan sulfate
nd
nd
nd
nd
4,4'-DDT
nd
nd
nd
nd
Chlordane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Toxaphene
nd
nd
nd
nd
A—1016
nd
nd
nd
nd
A-1221
nd
nd
nd
nd
A-1232
nd
nd
nd
nd
A-1242
nd
nd
nd
nd
A—1248
nd
nd
nd
nd
A—1254
nd
nd
nd
nd
A-12 60
nd
nd
nd
nd
AQUEOUS METALS
Antimony
nd
nd
nd
nd
Arsenic
1.1
2.1
nd
nd
Beryllium
nd
nd
nd
nd
Cadmium
nd
nd
nd
3
Chromium, total
nd
nd
nd
nd
Copper
67
100
45
100
Lead
51
150
100
110
Mercury
nd
nd
nd
nd
Nickel
27
12
16
53
Selenium
nd
nd
nd
nd
Silver
nd
nd
nd
nd
Thallium
nd
nd
nd
nd
Zinc
160
220
120
700
-------
EPA REGION 1 STORM WATER
August 8, 1990
VOLATILE ORGANICS
Chloromethane
Bromomethane
Vinyl chloride
Chloroethane
Methylene Chloride
1,1-Dichloroethene
1.1-Dichloroethane
Trans-1,2-dichloroethene
Chloroform
1.2-Dichloroethane
1.1.1-Trichloroethane
Carbon tetrachloride
Bromodichloromethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,2-Dichloropropane
Trans-1,3-dichloropropene
Trichloroethene
Dibromochloromethane
1.1.2-Trichloroethane
Benzene
Cis-1,3-dichloropropene
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Bromoform
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Chlorobenzene
Ethyl benzene
Tr ichlorofluoromethane
Total dichlorobenzenes
ALLEN•S
nd
nd
nd
nd
7
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
1-95 MANNOLLA
PPB
nd
nd
nd
nd
6
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
3
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
5
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
I
WAR. MALL
nd
nd
nd
nd
4
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
ndy
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANICS
N-N itrosodimethylamine
nd
nd
nd
nd
Phenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
nd
nd
nd
nd
2-Chlorophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
1, 3-Dichlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
nd'
nd
nd
nd
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
nd
nd
nd
nd
N-Nitroso-di-N-propylamine
nd
nd
nd
nd
Hexachloroethane
nd
nd
nd
nd
Nitrobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
-------
ALLEN'S
1-95
MANNOLLA
WAR. MA
PPB
Isophorone
nd
nd
nd
nd
2-Nitrophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
2,4-Dimethylphenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
nd
nd
nd
nd
2,4-Dichlorophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Napthalene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Hexachlorobutadiene
nd
nd
nd
nd
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
nd
nd
nd
nd
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
2-Chloronapthalene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Dimethyl Phthalate
nd
nd
nd
nd
Acenapthelene
nd
nd
nd
nd
2,4-Dinitrophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
4-Nitrophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Diethylphthalate
nd
nd
nd
nd
4-Chloro phenyl ether
nd
nd
nd
nd
Fluorene
nd
nd
nd
nd,
2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd*
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
nd
nd
nd
nd,
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
nd
nd
nd
nd
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
nd
nd
nd
nd
Hexachlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Pentachlorophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
Phenanthrene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Anthracene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Di-n-butylphthalate
nd
nd
nd
nd
Fluoranthene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Benzidene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Pyrene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Butyl benzy phthalate
nd
nd
nd
nd
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Benzo[a]anthracene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Chrysene
nd
nd
nd
nd
B is(2-ethylhexy1)phthalate
nd
nd
nd
nd
Di-n-octyl phthalate
nd
nd
nd
nd
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Indeno[1,2, 3-cd]pyrene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Dibenz[ah]anthracene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Benzo[ghi jperylene
nd
nd
nd
nd
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES/PCBS
a-BHC
nd
nd
nd
nd
B-BHC
nd
nd
nd
nd
Lindane
nd
nd
nd
nd
5-BHC
nd
nd
nd
nd
Heptachlor
nd
nd
nd
nd
-------
ALLEN'S 1-9 5
MANNOLLA war. mall
PPB
Aldrin
Heptaclor epoxide
Endosulfan-I
Dieldrin
4,4' -DDE
Endrin
Endosulfan-ll
4,4' -DDD
Endrin Aldehyde
Endosulfan sulfate
4,4'-DDT
Chlordane
Toxaphene
A-1016
A-1221
A-12 3 2
A-1242
A-12 4 8
A-1254
A-1260
AQUEOUS METALS
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium, total
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
35
77
nd
19
nd
nd
nd
130
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
21
24
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
38
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
54
84
nd
21
nd
nd
nd
120
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
17
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
49
-------
EPA REGION 1 STORM WATER
August 19, 1990
VOLATILE ORGANICS
ALLEN'S 1-95 MANNOLLA
PPB
WAR. MALL
Chloromethane
Bromomethane
Vinyl chloride
Chloroethane
Methylene Chloride
1,1-Dichloroethene
1.1-Dichloroethane
Trans-1,2-dichloroethene
Chloroform
1.2-Dichloroethane
1.1.1-Trichloroethane
Carbon tetrachloride
Bromodichloromethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1.2-Dichloropropane
Trans-1,3-dichloropropene
Trichloroethene
Dibromochloromethane
1.1.2-Trichloroethane
Benzene
Cis-1,3-dichloropropene
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Bromoform
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Chlorobenzene
Ethyl benzene
Trichlorofluoromethane
Total dichlorobenzenes
SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANICS
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
phenol
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
2-Chlorophenol
1.3-Dichlorobenzene
1.4-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
N-Nitroso-di-N-propylamine
Hexachloroethane
Nitrobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
3
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
3
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd»
nd
nd'
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
-------
ALLEN'S
1-95
MANNOLLA
WAR. m;
PPB
Isophorone
nd
nd
nd
nd
2-N itrophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
2,4-Dimethylphenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane
nd
nd
nd
nd
2,4-Dichlorophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Napthalene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Hexachlorobutadiene
nd
nd
nd
nd
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
nd
nd
nd
nd
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
2-chloronapthalene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Dimethyl Phthalate
nd
nd
nd
nd
Acenapthelene
nd
nd
nd
nd
2,4-Dinitrophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
4-Nitrophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Diethylphthalate
nd
nd
nd
nd
4-Chloro phenyl ether
nd
nd
nd
nd
Fluorene
nd
nd
nd
nd
2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
N-Nitrosodiphenylamine
nd
nd
nd
nd
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
nd
nd
nd
nd
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
nd
nd
nd
nd
Hexachlorobenzene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Pentachlorophenol
nd
nd
nd
nd
Phenanthrene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Anthracene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Di-n-butylphthalate
nd
nd
nd
nd
Fluoranthene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Benzidene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Pyrene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Butyl benzy phthalate
nd
nd
nd
nd
3,3*-Dichlorobenzidene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Benzo[a]anthracene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Chrysene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
6
6
nd
6
Di-n-octyl phthalate
nd
nd
nd
nd
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Dibenz[ah]anthracene
nd
nd
nd
nd
Benzo[ghi]perylene
nd
nd
nd
nd
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES/PCBS
a-BHC
nd
nd
nd
0.0E
13-BHC
nd
nd
nd
0.1]
Lindane
nd
nd
nd
nd
(S-BHC
nd
nd
nd
nd
Heptachlor
nd
nd
nd
nd
-------
Aldrin
Heptaclor epoxide
Endosulfan-I
Dieldrin
4,4'-DDE
Endrin
Endosulfan-II
4,41-DDD
Endrin Aldehyde
Endosulfan sulfate
4,4'-DDT
Chlordane
Toxaphene
A-1016
A-1221
A-1232
A-1242
A-1248
A-1254
A-1260
AQUEOUS METALS
Antimony
Arsenic
Beryllium
Cadmium
Chromium, total
Copper
Lead
Mercury
Nickel
Selenium
Silver
Thallium
Zinc
lLLEN ' s
1-95
MANNOLLA
war. m;
PPB
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
1.4
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
110
110
11
73
92
46
2.5
74
nd
nd
nd
nd
35
13
nd
41
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
560
540
69
750
-------
EPA REGION 1 STORM WATER
September 17; 1990
VOLATILE ORGANICS
ALLEN•S
1-95 MANNOLLA
PPB
WAR. MALL
Chloromethane
Bromomethane
Vinyl chloride
Chloroethane
Methylene Chloride
1,1-Dichloroethene
1.1-Dichloroethane
Trans-i,2-dichloroethene
Chloroform
1.2-Dichloroethane
1.1.1-Trichloroethane
Carbon tetrachloride
Bromodichloromethane
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
1,2-Dichloropropane
Trans-1,3-dichloropropene
Trichloroethene
Dibromochloromethane
1.1.2-Trichloroethane
Benzene
Cis-1,3-dichloropropene
2-Chloroethyl vinyl ether
Bromoform
Tetrachloroethene
Toluene
Chlorobenzene
Ethyl benzene
Trichlorofluoromethane
Total dichlorobenzenes
nd
nd
nd
nd
54
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
SEMI-VOLATILE ORGANICS
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
Phenol
Bis(2-chloroethyl) ether
2-Chlorophenol
1.3-Dichlorobenzene
1.4-Dichlorobenzene
1,2-Dichlorobenzene
Bis(2-chloroisopropyl) ether
N-Nitroso-di-N-propylamine
Hexachloroethane
Nitrobenzene
SAMPLES
LOST
IN
SHIPMENT
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
-------
ALLEN'S 1-95
Isophorone
2-Nitrophenol
2/4 -Dimethylphenol
Bis ( 2-chloroethoxy)methane
2,4 — Dichlorophenol
1/2,4-Trichlorobenzene
Napthalene
Hexachlorobutadiene
4-Chloro-3-methylphenol
Hexachlorocyclopentadiene
214 , 6-Trichlorophenol
2-Chloronapthalene
Dimethyl Phthalate
Acenapthelene
2,4-Dinitrophenol
4-Nitrophenol
2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Diethylphthalate
4-Chloro phenyl ether
Fluorene
2-Methyl-4,6-dinitrophenol
N-Ni trosodipheny lamine
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
4-Bromophenyl phenyl ether
Hexachlorobenzene
Pentachlorophenol
Phenanthrene
Anthracene
Di-n-butylphthalate
Fluoranthene
Benzidene
Pyrene
Butyl benzy phthalate
3,3' -Dichlorobenzidene
Benzo[a]anthracene
Chrysene
Bis (2-ethylhexy1)phthalate
Di-n-octyl phthalate
Benzo[b] fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Xndeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
Dibenz[ah]anthracene
Benzo[ghi]perylene
ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES/PCBS
a-BHC
13-BHC
Lindane
5-BHC
Heptachlor
manolla
PPB
SAMPLES
LOST
IN
SHIPMENT
WAR. MALL
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
-------
ALLEN'S 1-95
MANNOLLA
PPB
Aldrin
Heptaclor epoxide
Endosulfan-I
Dieldrin
4,4 '-DDE
Endrin
Endosulfan-II
4,4'-DDD
Endrin Aldehyde
Endosulfan sulfate
4,4'-DDT
Chlordane
Toxaphene
A-1016
A-12 21
A-123 2
A-1242
A-1248
A-12 54
A-1260
SAMPLES
LOST
IN
SHIPMENT
WAR. MALL
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
nd
AQUEOUS METALS
Antimony
nd
nd
nd
nd
Arsenic
nd
nd
nd
nd
Beryllium
nd
nd
nd
nd
Cadmium
nd
nd
nd
nd
Chromium, total
nd
nd
nd
nd
Copper
21
36
nd
nd
Lead
23
8.5
nd
6.4
Mercury
nd
nd
nd
nd
Nickel
nd
nd
nd
nd
Selenium
nd
nd
nd
nd
Silver
nd
nd
nd
nd
Thallium
nd
nd
nd
nd
Zinc
140
99
63
81
------- |