An Examination of the Nutrient and
Heavy Metals Budget in the Spokane River
Between' Post Falls and Hangman Creek
John Yearsley
EPA Region 1(T
Seattle, Washington
September 1982
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An Examination of
Heavy Metals Budget
Between Post Falls
the Nutrient and
in the Spokane River
and Hangmans Creek
INTRODUCTION
High concentrations of heavy metals and the nutrients, nitrogen and
phosphorus, are major water quality problems in the Spokane River and its
tributaries (Figure 1). Heavy metals, for which the principal source is
the metals processing industries on the South Fork of the Coeur d'Alene
River, are in quantity sufficiently high in the Spokane River to exceed
the 24-hour average criterion given by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (1980). Nutrient loads, resulting from urbanization, domestic
waste discharges, agriculture and silviculture, have created water
quality conditions favorable to high algal productivity. (Soltero et al
(1980). Soltero et al (1979), Soltero et al (1978), Soltero et al
(1976), Soltero et al (1974), and Soltero et al (1973).
The State of Washington's Department of Ecology (DOE) has been supporting
the study of water quality conditions in the Spokane River from just up-
stream of its confluence with Hangman Creek to Long Lake Dam since 1973.
The purpose of the DOE studies has been primarily, to characterize the
trophic state of Long Lake. More recently, the prospect of increased
development on the Spokane River between Lake Coeur d'Alene and Hangman
Creek has raised questions regarding the nature of the heavy metals and
nutrient inventories in this segment of the river. The questions which
have been raised must be addressed, not only to protect downstream water
uses, but also to maintain the quality of the Spokane-Rathdrum Aquifer,
with which the river can have either a positive or negative exchange rate
In an attempt to determine the sources or sinks for nutrients and
heavy metals in this segment of the Spokane River, the EPA Region 10,
in a cooperative program with the DOE, conducted a series of four
two-to-three-day intensive surveys. This report describes some of
the results of these surveys.
DATA COLLECTION
Experimental Design
Since the concentration of many of the heavy metals and nutrients in
the Spokane River are strongly influenced by river flow (Yake (1979)),
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the intent of the sampling program was to characterize water quality
conditions during the following four hydrologic regimes:
1) spring run-off = rising limb of hydrograph
2) spring run-off = falling limb of hydrograph
3) summer low flow
4) fall/winter "first flush".
Operational constraints dictated that the surveys be done during
the periods shown in Table 1. The relationship between the actual
survey dates and the hydrograph of the Spokane River at Spokane is
shown in Figure 2. Survey I (August 13-16, 1979) corresponded to
summer low-flow, Survey II (April 1-3, 1980) was conducted about
three weeks before optimum conditions characterizing the rising limb
of the spring run-off hydrograph, Survey III (June 10-12, 1980) was
conducted during the falling limb of the spring run-off hydrograph,
and Survey IV (February 10-12, 1981) was about four weeks after the
winter "first-flush".
Since the main purpose of the surveys was to determine the heavy metals
and nutrient inventories of the river segment, sampling locations were
located as closely together in space and time as resources permitted.
The locations at which we obtained water samples from the Spokane River
are shown in Figure 3. Our original intention was to obtain samples
every three hours for at least a two-day period. We were able to do
this during Survey I, but manpower limitations during the other surveys
made it possible to collect samples at approximately equal intervals,
four times daily during daylight hours, only.
Major point sources in the river segment were sampled on a daily basis,
with at least one 24-hour composite taken from each source during the
survey. There is considerable interchange between the Spokane River
and the groundwater in this segment and we obtained daily grab samples
from the City of Spokane's water supply well near Upriver Dam, in an
attempt to characterize the contributions from the groundwater. The
locations of these sampling sites are shown in Figure 3.
The water budget of the Spokane River in this river segment is complex
because of the interchange between river and aquifer. The water budget
is an important element in the mass budget. Since there are active
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) gaging stations only at the upstream and
downstream boundaries of the segment, we established temporary gaging
stations at two locations in the middle of the segment. The location
of the USGS and EPA Region 10 gaging stations are shown in Figure 3.
Methods
Water samples collected from the river and point sources shown in Figure
3 were stored in polyurethane containers, packed in ice and shipped via
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air freight to Seattle. The EPA Region 10 Laboratory, the DOE Tumwater
Environmental Laboratory, and a contract laboratory, Kramer, Chin, and
Mayo, performed the chemical analyses as shown in Table 2.
Measurements of temperature and dissolved oxygen were made on-site with
standard field equipment (Table 2).
Gaging measurements at the two EPA stations were done using a Gurley-type
current meter suspended from a bridge crane. Vertical velocity profiles
were taken at intervals of 10 feet, or less, from one side of the river
to the other.
RESULTS
All of the receiving water data from the four surveys have been stored
in EPA's STORET data system. Sample station codes are given in Table 3,
and STORET codes for parameters measured during the study are given in
Table 2.
Hydrology
Daily averaged flows from the USGS gaging stations near Post Falls (River
Mile 100.7), near Otis Orchards (River Mile 93.9), and at Spokane (River
Mile 72.9) and flows measured by EPA at Trent Road Bridge (River Mile
85.3) and Greene St. Bridge (River Mile 78.0) for the period of each
survey are given in Table 4.
Receiving Water Quality
Average, maximum and minimum values of temperature, dissolved oxygen,
nitrite & nitrate-nitrogem, total phosphorus, total cadmium, total
copper, total iron, total lead, total mercury, and total zinc during
each survey are shown in Figures 4 through 39.
Point Sources
Estimates of the average loadings of nitrite + nitrate-nitrogen, total
phosphorus, total cadmium, total copper, total iron, total lead, total
mercury, and total zinc from point sources in this segment of the Spokane
River are shown in Tables 5 through 8.
ANALYSIS
The data were analyzed using three different methods of analysis.
1. A simple mass inventory was done for important nutrients and
metals to characterize sources and sinks.
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2. A steady-state mathematical model, based upon conservation of
mass principles was used to simulate water quality conditions
during summer low flow (Survey I).
3. The two-sample t-statistic, for samples with unequal variance,
was used to compare concentrations at sample stations up-
stream from major groundwater and cultural influences with
measurements collected at stations which might be influenced
by these two factors.
Mass Inventory
The mass inventory was done for the following constituents:
nitrite + nitrate-nitrogen
total phosphorus
total cadmium
total copper
total iron
total lead
total mercury
total zinc
This inventory is an estimate of the mass entering the system at the
Idaho - Washington border, the contribution from the four point sources,
the contributions from the groundwater, and the estimate of the mass
leaving the system at the Spokane gage, just upstream from the confluence
of the Spokane River and Hangman Creek. The inventories were computed in
the following way:
1. Spokane River @ Otis Orchards - The daily-averaged stream
flow at USGS gaging stations 12419500, averaged over each
survey period, was used with the average of water quality
measurements made during the survey at the Stateline Bridge
(EPA STORET station No. 03A019) to compute loadings.
2. Point Sources - Daily-average flow from gages operated
by the specific discharger were used with water quality
measurements made from a 24-hour composite sample to.
Generally, there was no more than one such sample taken
from each point source during a survey.
3. Groundwater - The difference in the average flows computed
for the Spokane River @ Otis Orchards (see #1 above) and
the average flows computed for the Spokane River @ Spokane
(see #4 below) was used with the average of water quality
measurements obtained from samples collected from the City
of Spokane's water supply facility at Upriver Dam (EPA STORET
stations no. 03Z009, 03Z010, and 03Z012).
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4. Spokane River @ Spokane - The daily-averaged stream flow at
USGS gaging station 12422500 averaged over each survey was used
with the average of water quality measurements made during each
survey at the same location (EPA STORET station no. 03A010)
The results for the four surveys are given in Tables 9 through 12,
The estimated standard deviations of the loadings at the Spokane gage
for each of the surveys is given in Table 13. The estimated standard
deviations of loadings for the itfl constituent were computed from:
°1 f1' ¦ <5-39' 2 (CTC <1> /*Q + /c«>)
where
5.39 = the factor to convert the product of flow (cfs) and
concentration (mg/1 to loading (lbs/day),
jlq = the mean flow,
JIq (i) = the mean concentration of the i^ constituent, mg/1,
= the standard deviation of the flow, cfs,
q- (i) ¦ the standard deviation of the concentration of the
C constituent, mg/1.
Means and standard deviations of concentrations were determined from
water quality measurements made at the Spokane gage, as described in
#4, above. The mean and standard deviation for the flow were computed
from gage height data, obtained from the Spokane gage at approximately
the same time as a water quality sample was collected.
Steady - State Mathematical Model
A steady-state mathematical model (Yearsley (1975)) was used to simulate
the following parameters.
1. Temperature
2. Dissolved oxygen
3. NO2 + NO3 - nitrogen
4. Total phosphorus
5. Total copper
6. Total zinc
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Data requirements for these water quality simulations included the
following:
1. Hydrologic data
2. Meteorologic data
3. River geometry
4. Source quality and quantity
5. Background/initial river quality
6. Transformation rates for non-conservative
consti tuents.
During Survey I (August 13-16, 1979). The quality and quantity of known
sources are shown in Table 14. The data, except for carbonaceous biolog-
ical oxygen demand and ammonia-nitrogen, were obtained from the measure-
ments made during Survey I. Carbonaceous BOD and ammonia-nitrogen were
not measured in the point sources during Survey I, so the average value
of these parameters, determined from the other three surveys, was used
instead. Groundwater quality was determined from measurements obtained
from the City of Spokane's water supply, as described previously.
Groundwater quantity (Table 15) was inferred from the gaging measurements
by the U.S. Geological Survey at Otis Orchards and the Spokane gage and
by EPA Region 10 at the Trent Road Bridge and the Greene St. Bridge.
Flow Values between these points were obtained by linear extrapolation,
rather than by using the results of the USGS groundwater model, as URS
(1981) did. The USGS in Spokane provided flow data for the gages at
Spokane and near Otis Orchards, Washington, while the USGS in Sandpoint,
Idaho provided flow data from the gage near Post Falls, Idaho. These
data were used in conjunction with the flow measurements made by EPA
Region 10 at the Trent Road Bridge (R.M. 85.4) and Greene St. Bridge
(R.M. 78.0) to estimate the groundwater flow (Table 15).
In order to simulate water temperatures, it is necessary to define the
heat budget at the air-water interface (Wunderlich (1958)), WRE (1968),
Yearsley (1969, 1975), (Roesner et al (1977)). Minimum data requirements
for the mathematical model used in this study are air temperature, dew
point, wind speed, and cloud cover. Average values of these parameters
during the period August 13-16, 1979, were computed from measurements
made every three hours at the Spokane International Airport and reported
by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. These average
values, given in Table 16, were used to compute the average equilibrium
temperature and rate of heat transfer for the Spokane River, during the
period of the survey. The results are given in Table 16.
Selected gaging data, from measurements made by the USGS in Spokane at
the stations near Otis Orchards, below Greene Street, and at Spokane,
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provided the basis for relating velocity and depth to flow according to
the relationship.
U = At Qb1
D = A2 Qb2
Where
U = the river velocity, feet per second,
D = the river depth, feet,
Q = the river flow, cubic feet per second
A], A£, B], E*2 = emperical coefficients determined
by least squares from gaging data.
The resulting coefficients, and the segment of the river for which it is
assumed that the coefficients remain constant are given in Table 17.
The results of measurements made during Survey I at four point sources
(Table 6) and at the City of Spokane's water supply system at Upriver Dam
were used to characterize the quality and quantity of the contributions
from known sources. For those constituents which were not measured
during Survey I, average values from the three other surveys were used
as estimates or in the case of the groundwater, typical measurements
from nearby observation wells, collected for other studies, were assumed
to be reasonable estimates. Measurements included in this category, for
all sources, were BOD and ammonia-nitrogen, and for the groundwater,
temperature and dissolved oxygen. Average values of the constituents,
calcuated from data collected near Port Falls (R.M. 100.7), were used to
characterize the initial, or background, water quality for the simulation.
The results are given in Table 14.
Non-conservative constituents simulated in this analysis were temperature,
dissolved oxygen, BOD, ammonia-nitrogen, and nitrite + nitrate-nitrogen.
The transformation rate for temperature was determined from the energy
budget, as described previously. The reaeration rate for the dissolved
oxygen was computed from the formulation developed by Churchill et al
(1962). The BOD rate constant was assumed to be constant throughout
the river segment and similar in magnitude to rate constants for BOD
in the Spokane River upstream from Post Falls (Yearsley (1980)). The
nitrification rate, or rate of conversion of ammonia-nitrogen to nitrite
+ nitrate-nitrogen, was estimated from the range of values given by Zison
et al (1978). All transformation rates are given in Table 18.
The results of the simulations for temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrite
+ nitrate-nitrogen, total phosphorus, total copper, and total zinc are
compared with the field measurements from Survey I in Figures 40 through
46
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Two-Sample t-Test
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The two-sample t-test, when the population variances are not assumed to
be equal, is based upon the statistic (See Engelman et al (1979)):
X1 * X2
S 2 + S2
H 2
where,
X = the sample mean,
S = the standard deviation,
N = the sample size
Population 1 included all receiving water measurements from the
Sullivan Road Bridge (EPA STORET station 03A016) upstream to Post
Falls (EPA STORET station 03A021). Population 2 included all those
measurements made downstream from the Sullivan Road Bridge. The
rationale for choosing this division point was based upon the a priori
knowledge that, major point source and groundwater influences occur
downstream from the Sullivan Road Bridge. The null hypothesis for the
test is then, despite the influence of groundwater and point source
discharges downstream, the mean values of the concentration of those
constituants measured during each of the surveys are the same downstream
from the Sullivan Road Bridge as it is upstream. The t-statistics and
levels of significance for a two-sided test are given for the various
constituents during each survey in Table 20.
DISCUSSION
The interpretation of results from geophysical experiments is always
frustrated by the way in which the data fails to satisfy our simple
models. The Spokane River, in the segment which have studied here,
is no exception. There are, however, some salient features which merit
di scussion.
Mass Inventory
First of all, it is plain from the mass inventory (Table 10 through 13)
that the groundwater is a major source for nitrate-nitrogen. The inven-
tory also shows that upstream sources provide major contributions to the
heavy metals loading. This is not surprising, given what we know about
metals processing on the South Fork of the Coeur d'Alene River. It is
important to note, though, that the inventory shows that the Spokane
Industrial Park and the groundwater are important sources of copper.
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One of the major purposes of the study, of course, was to determine
the magnitude of unknown sources and sinks. The rather large standard
deviations of loadings at the Spokane gage make it difficult to infer
how much of the difference between systems gains and loss can be
attributed to unknown sources.
In the case of phosphorus, the data support the argument that there is
more material entering the system than there is leaving during low flow
(Table 9) and that the converse is true during high flow (Table 11).
During those surveys for which the flow was near the annual average
discharge of 6870 cfs at the Spokane gage the amount of material
entering was within the accuracy of the estimate, very nearly the
same as that leaving (Tables 10 and 12).
The mass inventories for the metals, with some exceptions, support the
hypothesis that'there is deposition at low flow, scouring at high flow,
and no net gain or loss during average flows., The data for total zinc
support this hypothesis for the low flow condition (Table 10) and for
the average conditions (Tables 11 and 12), but not for the high flow
condition (Table 13). The total iron data support the hypothesis during
the average conditions and high flow but not the low flow.
A possible explanation for the failure of the total iron data to
support the hypothesis during low flow is that the groundwater
constitutes an important source of iron when the river flow is low.
The uncertainty associated with the estimates for the groundwater
loadings are substantial and, therefore, particularly important at
low flow. The total copper data are in agreement with the conceptual
model inferred from the phosphorus data, though the anomalously high
loading of total copper attributed to groundwater during the low flow
(Table 10) is suspect. Other data from nearby wells suggests that
the groundwater loading should be an order of magnitude less than the
estimate given in Table 10. The lower value, however, would not change
the conclusion regarding the net gain, or loss of material. Total
cadmium and mercury concentrations are too near the detection limit of
the measurement technique to provide useful measures. Total lead does
not support the hypothesis, but it well may be that there are non-point
sources for lead within the segment we studied, that we have not included
in the mass inventory. Nitrate-nitrogen has been excluded from these
arguments, because it is influenced so greatly by the groundwater. The
uncertainty of the nitrate loadings from the groundwater, due to our lack
of precise knowledge of the location and magnitude of groundwater return,
make it very difficult to defend conclusions about small differences
between large numbers.
Mathematical Modeling
The results of the simulation reaffirm the conclusion reached in the
previous section (Mass Inventory) that^the groundwater has a major
impact upon the levels of nitrite + nitrate-nitrogen. Furthermore,
the modeling results provide some insights into the impact that the
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groundwater has upon temperature at low flow. This impact is demon-
strated in Figure 46 where the simulation results obtained above are
compared to simulations obtained when the temperature of the groundwater
is assumed to be equal to the equilibrium temperature (Table 16) . For
the conservative constituents, total phosphorus, total copper, and total
zinc, the descrepancies between simulated and observed are a reflection
of the imprecision of our knowledge of groundwater quality and quantity,
as well as our inability to describe potentially important material sinks.
The mean and standard deviation of the difference between simulated and
average observed values are given in Table 19.
Two-Sample t-test
The results of the two-sample t-test, where the means of all observation
at, and below the Trent Road Bridge are compared with the observations
upstream, are given in Table 20. Table 20 contains the t-statistic
determined from Equation (2) and the level of significance, p, which is
the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is, in fact,
true. The level of significance given is for a two-tailed test.
The most striking result, of course, is that upstream nitrite +
nitrate-nitrogen is, for all surveys, significantly different from
downstream nitrite + nitrate-nitrogen. This is not surprising, in
view of the results of the previous analyses. The consistent sign of
the t-statistic, as well as its magnitude, provide a posteriori support
for the conclusion that nitrite + nitrate-nitrogen is significantly
higher at the locations affected by the groundwater and point sources
than are those locations which are upstream from such influences. The
t-statistic also suggest, a posteriori, that there is a total copper and
somewhat less convincingly, a total lead increase in the segment of the
river downstream from Trent Road Bridge. Another experiment of this
type would have to be performed to establish this in a rigorous fashion.
With regard to the question of whether or not there is a loss of total
phosphorus in this segment, the t-statistic supports, a posteriori, the
argument proposed earlier, that there is loss of total phosphorus during
low flow, a gain during high flow and no significant difference during
average flow. Here again a rigorous application of the two-sample t-test
would require that the experiment be done again and a one-tailed test
performed
CONCLUSIONS
With respect to most of the constituents measured during the four
surveys, the uncertainties associated with the estimates of average
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loadings make it difficult to satisfy the initial objectives of the
studies. Those objectives were the identification of all sources
and sinks for nutrients and metals in the segment of the Spokane River
between Post Falls, Idaho and the confluence of the Spokane River and
Hangman Creek. However, the data do provide support for the conclusion
that there is deposition of phosphorus during low flow, removal of the
deposited phosphorus during high flow, and a condition of equilibrium
in which there is neither net deposition nor net removal during average
flow. The mass inventories for the other constituents we analyzed pro-
vide additional, but not entirely consistent, support for this conclusion.
Furthermore, the strength of this support is diluted by the fact that in
some cases the standard deviation of the loading at the Spokane gage are
larger than the estimated difference between material entering the system
and that leaving the system.
The mass inventories do show the importance of the groundwater contri-
bution to the nitrite + nitrate-nitrogen load of the Spokane River.
However, there is little to be gained in discussing the magnitude of
the differences between the amount of nitrate + nitrate-nitrogen entering
and leaving the system due to the nature of the loading uncertainty.
"-The mass inventories suggest that the groundwater and the Spokane
Industrial Park are significant sources of copper.)
The results of the mathematical modeling show that the groundwater
lowers the average river temperature as much as 4.6° C during the
summer low flow, but lowers the average dissolved oxygen less than
0.2° mg/1. The minimal impact upon dissolved oxygen is due to the
fact that the groundwater also lowers the river temperature. This,
in turn, raises the saturation level for dissolved oxygen compared
to that which would obtain if the river were near the equilibrium
temperature thereby increasing the rate at which oxygen is transferred
across the air-water interface.
A posteriori arguments, using the two-sample t-statistic provide
qualitative support for the conclusions described above. In addition,
the t-test suggests that the concentration of total lead in the Spokane
River increases between Post Falls and the confluence with Hangman
Creek. A rigorous demonstration of these conclusions, using the t-test,
requires that a new experiment be performed using a one-tailed test.
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1962
1979
1977
1973
1974
1976
1978
1979
1980
1981
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Churchill, M.A., H. L. Elmore, and R. A. Buckingham. The
Prediction of Stream Reaeration Rates. ASCE Vol. 88, SA-4, 1-46.
Engelman, L., J. W. Frane and R. I. Jennrick. BMDP-79
Biomedical Computer Programs P-Series Edited by W. J. Dixon and
M. B. Brown, University of California Press - Berkely,
California 1979.
Roesner, L. A., P. R. Giguere, and D. E. Evenson. Computer
Program Documentation for the Stream Quality Model (QUAL-II).
Prepared for Southeast Michigan Council of Governments, Water
Resources Engineers, Walnut Creek, California. July, 1977.
Soltero, R. A., A. F. Gasperino, and W. G. Graham. An
Investigation of the Cause and Effect of Eutrophication in Long
Lake, Washington. Eastern Washington State College, Department
of Biology. July, 1973.
Soltero, R. A., A. F. Gasperino, and W. G. Graham. Further
Investigation as to the Cause and Effect of Eutrophication in
Long Lake, Washington. Eastern Washington State College,
Department of Biology. July,. 1974.
Soltero, R. A., D. M. Kruger, A. F. Gasperino, J. P. Criffin,
S. R. Thomas, and P. H. Williams. Continued Investigation of
Eutrophication in Long Lake, Washington: Verification of Data
for the Long Lake Model. Eastern Washington State College,
Department of Biology. June, 1976.
Soltero, R. A., D. G. Nichols, G. A. Pebles, and L. R. Singleton.
Limnological Investigation of Eutrophic Long Lake and its
Tributaries Just Prior to Advanced Wastewater Treatment With
Phosphorus Removel by Spokane, Washington. Eastern Washington
University, Department of Biology. July, 1978.
Soltero, R. A., D. G. Nichols, G. P. Burr, and L. R. Singleton.
The effect of Continuous Advanced Wastewater Treatment by the
City of Spokane on the Trophic Status of Long Lake, Washington.
Eastern Washington University, Department of Biology. July,
1979.
Soltero, R. A., D. G. Nichols, and J. M. Mirer. The Effect of
Continuous Advanced Wastewater Treatment by the City of Spokane
on the Trophic Status of Long Lake, Washington During 1979.
Eastern Washington University, Department of Biology. July,
1980.
URS Company. Spokane River Wasteload Allocation Study Phase I.
Prepared for the Washington State Department of Ecology. URS
Company, Seattle, Washington. April, 1981.
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1968 Water Resources Engineers. Predictions of Thermal Energy
Distribution in Streams and Reservoirs. Prepared for the State
of California Department of Fish and Game. Water Resources
Engineers, Inc., Walnut Creek, California. August, 1968.
1968 Wunderlich, W. 0. Energy and Mass Transfer Between Water
Surface and the Atmosphere. Tennessee Valley Authority,
Division of Water Control and Planning, Norris, Tennessee.
June, 1968.
1979 Yake, W.E., Water Quality Trend Analysis. The Spokane River
Basin. Washington State Department of Ecology. Project Report
No. DOE-PR-6. July 1979. 39pp.
1969 Yearsley, J. R. A Mathematical Model for Predicting
Temperatures in Rivers and River-Run Reservoirs. Working Paper
Federal Water Pollution Control Administration,
st Reaion. Portland. Oreaon. March. 1969
1975
iemperacures in Kivers ana Kiver-rcun rceservuirb.
No. 65. Federal Water Pollution Control Administ
Northwest Region, Portland, Oregon. March, 1969
Yearsley, J. R. A Steady State River Basin Water Quality Model
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 10, Seattle,
Washington. November, 1975
1980 Yearsley, J. R. Water Quality Studies of the Spokane River
Between Coeur d'Alene, Idaho and Post Falls, Idaho 1978-1979.
EPA 910/9-80-072. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region
10, Seattle, Washington. July, 1980
1978 Zison, S. W., W. B. Mills, D. Deimer, and C. W. Chen. Rates,
Constants and Kinetics Formulations in Surface Water Quality
Modeling. Prepared for U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Environmental Research Laboratory - Athens Tetra Tech, Inc.,
Lafayette, California. September, 1978
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TABLE-1
DATES DURING WHICH EPA REGION 10 CONDUCTED
INTENSIVE WATER QUALITY SURVEYS ON THE SPOKANE RIVER
SURVEY DATES
I August 14-16, 1979
II April 1-3, 1980
III June 10-12, 1980
IV February 10-12, 1981
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TABLE 2
STORET PARAMETERS NUMBERS AND MEASUREMENTS METHODS USED
DURING FOUR INTENSIVE SURVEYS ON THE SPOKANE RIVER.
METHODS USED BY THE CONTRACT LABORATORY,
KRAMER, CHINS, AND MAYO ARE LABELLED (KCM)
Parameter
STORET
Parameter No.
Method
Reference*
Water Temperature 10
Dissolved Oxygen 300
NH3 + NH4 - Nitrogen 610
NO2 - Nitrogen 615
NO3 - Nitrogen 620
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 625
NOg + NO3 - Nitrogen 630
Total Phosphorus 665
Dissolved Phosphorus 666
Dissolved Orthophosphorus 671
Total Organic Carbon 680
Dissolved Cadmium 1025
Total Cadmium 1027
Dissolved Copper 1040
Total Copper 1042
Total Iron 1045
Dissolved Iron 1046
Dissolved Lead 1049
Total Lead 1051
Dissolved Zinc 1090
Total Zinc 1092
Dissolved Mercury 71890
Total Mercury 71891
Mercury Thermometer SM
Thermistor SM
Modified Winkler SM
Auto Analyzer II EPA
Distillation - Nessler (KCM) EPA
Diazatization (KCM) SM
Brucine (KCM) SM
Block Digestion-Auto Analyzer II EPA
Digestion-Distillation-Nestler (KCM) EPA
Auto Analyzer II EPA
Persulfate Digestion Ascorbic SM
Acid (KCM)
Ammonia Persulfate Digestion EPA
Ammonia Persulfate Digestion EPA
Persulfate Digestion/Ascorbic SM
Acid (KCM)
Auto Analyzer II EPA
Dow-Beckman Analyzer No. 915 EPA
Atomic Absorption - Flameless EPA
* SM - American Public Health Association, 1975. Standard Methods for the
Examination of Water and Wastewater, 14^ Edition. APHA, Washington, D.C.
EPA - U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1979. Methods for Chemical
Analysis of Water and Wastes. EPA-600/4-79-020. March, 1979.
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TABLE 3
STORET CODES FOR RECEIVING WATER AND POINT SOURCE SAMPLING
STATION LOCATIONS DURING FOUR INTENSIVE SURVEYS OF THE SPOKANE RIVER
(THE STORET IDENTIFICATION NUMBER FOR ALL OF THESE
SAMPLING STATIONS IS 10EPAINT)
NAME RIVER MILE STORET CODE
Inland Empire Paper Co.
—
03#001
Kaiser Aluminum Co.
--
03#002
Spokane Industrial Park
--
03#003
Millwood Sewage Treatment Plant
—
03#004
Spokane Water Works (Pump #5)
—
03Z009
City of Spokane Waterworks Well #2
—
03Z010
Spokane Waterworks
--
03Z012
Spokane River at Spokane
73.4
03A010
Spokane River above Washington Street Bridge
74.5
03A011
Spokane River at Mission Street Bridge
76.8
03A012
Spokane River below Spokane City Dam
79.5
03A013
Spokane River at Argonne Street Bridge
82.6
03A014
Spokane River at Trent Road Bridge
85.3
03A015
Spokane River at Sullivan Road Bridge
87.8
03A016
Spokane River at Barker Road Bridge
90.4
03A017
Spokane River at Harvard Road Bridge
92.7
03A018
Spokane River at State Line Bridge
96.5
03A019
Spokane River below Post Falls
100.7
03A021
-------
TABLE 4
DAILY-AVERAGED FLOWS REPORTED BY THE USGS AND SPOT
MEASUREMENTS MADE BY EPA REGION 10 AT VARIOUS LOCATIONS
IN THE SPOKANE RIVER DURING FOUR INTENSIVE SURVEYS
Flow in the Spokane River (cfs)
Date below Post Falls
(USGS)
At Otis Orchards at Trent Rd* at Greene St* at Spokane
(USGS) (EPA) (EPA) (USGS)
8/14/79
8/15/79
8/16/79
622
622
628
625
611
625
673(1730-1900)
654(1020-1120) 849(0745-0920)
666(1545-1640) 862(1325-1450)
701(0750-0850) 929(0920-1040)
1010
969
987
4/01/80
4/02/80
4/03/80
4550
4850
4810
4214(0830-1000)
5160(1420-1545)4985(1030-1210)
5300(0815-1010)
5114(1110-1310)5280(1445-1600)
4760
5090
5050
6/10/80
6/11/80
6/12/80
8120
8150
7770
8360
8400
8060
2/10/81
2/11/81
2/12/81
6300
6220
5900
6620(0815-0915)
6648(1000-1115)
6550
6510
6310
* Times at which spot measurements were made are in parentheses.
-------
TARLE 5
ESTIMATES OF POINT SOURCE LOADINGS FOR
VARIOUS WATER OUALITY CONSTITUENTS IN THE
SPOKANE RIVER DURING SURVEY I (AUGUST 14-16, 1979)
Spokane
Industrial Park
Kaiser
Aluminum Co.
Inland Empire
Mi 11 wood
STP
Flow Cone,
(cfs) (mg/1)
Load
(lbs/day)
Flow Cone J Load
(cfs) (mg/1) (lbs/day)
Flow Cone. Load
(cfs) (mg/1) (lbs/day)
Flow
(cfs)
Cone.
(mg/1)
Load
(lbs/day)
N02+N03-N
0.93
5.20
2fi.l
38.4
0.01
2.1
3.4
0.26
4.8
0.05
14.0
3.8
Total
P
0.93
2.50
12.5
38.4
<0.01
-
3.4
<0.01
-
0.05
4.9
1.3
Total
Cd
0.93
0.004
0.01
38.4
0.0001
0.01
3.4
<0.01
-
0.05
<0.001
-
Total
Cu
0.93
3.50
17.5
38.4
0.004
1.5
3.4
0.005
0.092
0.05
0.012
0.003
Total
Fe
0.93
-
-
38.4
0.01
-
3.4
0.25
4.6
0.05
0.50
0.1
Total
Pb
0.93
0.073
0.37
38.4
< .01
-
3.4
<0.001
-
0.05
0.006
0.001
Total
Hg2
0.93
1.0
0.005
38.4
1.0
0.001
3.4
0.2
0.004
0.05
0.4
0.001
Total
Zn
0.93
-
_
38.4
<0.01
3.4
0.030
0.6
0.05
0.170
0.1
^Estimated net change in concentration computed as the difference hetween the effluent(24-hour composite)
and influent(guality of the Spokane River at R.M. 86.1).
^Total Hg is reported in ug/1
-------
TABLE 6
ESTIMATES OF POINT SOURCE LOADINGS
FOR VARIOUS WATER QUALITY CONSTITUENTS
IN THE SPOKANE RIVER DURING SURVEY II
(APRIL 1-3, 1980)
Spokane
Industrial Park
Kaiser
Aluminum Co.
Inland Empire
Paper Co.
Flow Cone. Load
(cfs) (mg/1) (lbs/day)
Flow
(cfs)
Cone J Load
(mq/1) (lbs/day)
Flow
(cfs)
Cone.
(mq/1)
Load
(lbs/day)
N02+N03-N
0.95
1.40
7.2
41.2
0.04
8.9
3.33
<0.05
-
Total P
0.95
1.60
8.2
41.2
0.06
13.3
3.33
0.43
7.7
Total Cd
0.95
<0.01
-
41.2
<0.01
-
3.33
<0.01
-
Total Cu
0.95
2.20
11.3
41.2
<0.01
-
3.33
0.01
n.2
Total Fe
0.95
0.15
0.8
41.2
-
-
3.33
0.11
2.0
Total Pb
0.95
0.20
1.0
41.2
0.05
-
3.33
<0.05
-
Total Hg2
0.95
0.33
1.69
41.2
<0.01
-
3.33
0.20
-
Total Zn
0.95
0.14
0.72
41.2
3.33
0.02
Millwood
STP
Flow Cone. Load
(cfs) (mq/1) (lbs/day)
N
0
T
1
N
0
P
E
R
A
T
1
0
N
^Estimated net change in concentration computed as the difference between the effluent(24-hour composite)
and influent(quality of the Spokane River at R.M. 86.1).
^Total Hg is reported in ug/1
-------
TABLE 7
ESTIMATES OF POINT SOURCE LOADINGS
FOR VARIOUS WATER QUALITY CONTITUENTS
IN THE SPOKANE RIVER DURING SURVEY III
JUNE 10-12, 1980
Spokane
Industrial
Park
Kaiser
Aluminum Co.
Inland Empire
Paper Co.
Mi 1lwnod
STP
Flow
(cfs)
Cone. Load
(mg/1) (lbs/day)
Flow Conc.l Load
(cfs) (mq/1) (lbs/day)
Flow
(cfs)
Cone. Load
(mq/1) (lbs/day)
Flow
(cfs)
Cone.
(mq/1)
Load
(lbs/day)
N02+N03-N
1.07
4.10
23.6
42.3
0.04 9.1
3.39
0.1
0.031
3.4
0.6
Total
P
1.07
2.90
16.7
42.3
0.03 6.8
3.39
0.80 14.6
0.031
16.0
2.7
Total
Cd
1.07
<0.01
-
42.3
<0.01
3.39
<0.01
0.031
<0.01
-
Total
Cu
1.07
3.10
17.9
42.3
<0.01
3.39
0.03 0.55
0.031
0.^5
-
Total
Fe
1.07
0.98
5.65
42.3
0.01 0.2
3.39
0.25 4.57
0.031
10.5
1.75
Total
Pb
1.07
0.17
0.98
42.3
0.05
3.39
0.05
0.031
0.1
0.017
Total
Hg2
1.07
-
-
42.3
-
3.39
-
0.031
-
-
Total
Zn
1.07
0.20
1.15
42.3
_ _
3.39
0.02 0.37
0.031
1.2
0.?
^Estimated net change in concentration computed as the difference between the effluent(24-hour composite)
and influent(quality of the Spokane River at R.M. 86.1).
^Total Hg is reported in ug/1
-------
TABLE 8
ESTIMATES OF POINT SOURCE LOADINGS FOR
VARIOUS WATER QUALITY CONSTITUENTS IN THE
SPOKANE RIVER DURING SURVEY IV
FEBRUARY 10-12, 1981
Spokane
Industrial
Park
Kaiser
Aluminum Co.
Inland Empire
Paper Co.
Millwood
STP
Flow
(cfs)
Cone.
(mg/1)
Load
(lbs/day)
Flow
(cfs)
Conc.l Load
(mg/1) (lbs/day)
Flow
(cfs)
Cone. Load
(tnq/1) (lbs/day)
Flow
(cfs)
Cone.
(mq/1)
Load
(lbs/day)
N02+N03-N
1.21
2.0
13.0
40.8
0.05 11.0
3.72
<0.1
0.06
10.0
3.23
Total
P
1.21
3.7
24.1
40.8
0.07 15.4
3.72
0.75 15.0
0.06
2.8
n.91
Total
Cd
1.21
<0.01
-
40.8
<0.01
3.72
<0.01
0.06
<0.01
-
Total
Cu
1.21
2.7
17.6
40.8
0.008 1.76
3.72
0.08 1.60
0.06
0.04
0.013
Total
Fe
1.21
0.46
3.00
40.8
0.01
3.72
0.13 2.61
0.06
0.32
0.10
Total
Pb
1.21
1.00
6.52
40.8
<0.01
3.72
<0.07
0.06
<0.07
-
Total
Hg2
1.21
0.72
0.0047
40.8
0.08 0.02
3.72
0.24 0.0048
0.06
O.fi
n.noo?
Total
Zn
1.21
0.82
5.35
40.8
<0.01
3.72
<0.01
0.06
0.12
0.04
^Estimated net change in concentration computed as the difference between the effluent(24-hour composite)
and influent(quality of the Spokane River at R.M. 86.1).
2Total Hg is reported in uq/1.
-------
TABLE 9
MASS INVENTORY FOR CERTAIN NUTRIENTS AND
HEAVY METALS IN THE SPOKANE RIVER DURING
THE PERIOD AUGUST 14-16, 1Q7Q
System
Gains
System
Losses
Spokane
@0t i s
Orchards
(lbs/day)
Inland
Empire
Paper Co.
(lbs/day)
Mi 1Iwood
STP
(lbs/day)
Kaiser
Aluminum
(lbs/day)
Spokane
Industrial
Park
(lbs/day)
Ground-
water
(lbs/day)
Total
(lbs/day)
Spokane
River
Snokane
(lbs/dav)
Gains
Less
Losses
(lhs/di
N02+N03-N
33
5
4
2
26
2374
2444
2766
-322
Total P
110
-
1
-
13
6
130
69
61
Total Cd
1.1
-
-
-
-
0.2
1.3
1.6
-0.?
Total Cu
5.0
0.1
-
1.5
17.5
158.0
182.1
17.3
164.8
Total Fe
177
5
-
-
-
Q9
281
372
-89
Total Pb
24.0
-
-
-
0.4
9.9
34.3
43.0
-8.7
Total Hg
1.0
-
-
-
-
0.4
1.4
0.8
0.6
Total Zn
256
1
_
257
185
72
-------
TABLE 10
MASS INVENTORY FOR CERTAIN NUTRIENTS AND HEAVY METALS
IN THE SPOKANE RIVER DURING THE PERIOD
APRIL 1-3, 1980
Spokane
@0tis
Orchards
Inland
Empire
Paper Co.
(lbs/day) (lbs/day)
Mi 1lwood
STP
(lbs/day)
System
Gains
Kaiser
Aluminum
(Jhs/day)
Spokane
Industrial Ground-
Park
water
(lbs/day) (lbs/day)
System
Looses
Spokane Gains
River Less
Total Spokane Losses
(lhs/day) (lbs/day) (lbs/Hay)
N02+N03-N
935
-
9
7
20
-------
TABLE 11
MASS INVENTORY FOR CERTAIN NUTRIENTS AND HEAVY METALS
IN THE SPOKANE RIVER DURING THE PERIOD JUNE 10-1?, 1980
Spokane
@0t i s
Orchards
Inland
Empire
Paper Co.
(lbs/day) (lbs/day)
Mi 1lwood
STP
(lbs/day)
System
Gains
Kaiser
Aluminum
(lbs/day)
Spokane
Industrial Ground-
Park water
flbs/day) (lbs/day)
Svstem
Losses
Spokane
River
Total Spokane
(lbs/day) flhs/dav)
Gains
Less
Losses
f lbs/dav)
N02+N03-N
907
-
33
9
24
1457
2430
2096
334
Total
P
1166
15
9
7
17
112
1326
2898
-1572
Total
Cd
4.0
-
-
-
-
-
4.0
38.7
-34.7
Total
Cu
185.3
0.6
-
-
17.9
4.5
208.3
654.2
-445.Q
Total
Fe
3611
5
2
-
6
-
3624
4050
-426
Total
Pb
178.8
-
-
-
1.0
8.4
188.2
245.2
-57.0
Total
Hg
18.0
-
-
-
-
1.0
19.0
28.0
-9.0
Total
Zn
7213
_
_
1
3
7217
7059
158
-------
TABLE 12
MASS INVENTORY FOR CERTAIN NUTRIENTS AND HEAVY METALS
IN THE SPOKANE RIVER DURING THE PERIOD FEBRUARY 10-1?, 1QR1
System System
Gains
Losses
Spokane
OOtis
Orchards
(lbs/day)
Inland
Empire
Paper Co.
(lbs/day)
Millwood
STP
(lbs/day)
Kaiser
Aluminum
(lbs/day)
Spokane
Industrial
Park
(lbs/day)
Ground-
water
(lhs/dav)
Total
(lbs/dav)
Spokane
River
Spokane
(lbs/day)
Gain?
Less
Losses
(lbs/da
N02+N03-N
2720
-
3
11
13
2648
5395
5012
383
Total P
589
15
1
15
24
-
644
60P
35
Total Cd
34.6
-
-
-
-
-
34.6
37.0
-? .4
Total Cu
91.9
1.6
-
1.8
17.6
11.6
124.5
100.2
24.3
Total Fe
7906
3
-
-
3
34
7946
6960
9R6
Total Pb
481.9
-
-
-
6.5
5.5
493.9
474.?
19.7
Total Hg
5.5
-
-
-
-
-
5.5
5.9
-0.4
Total Zn
6728
_
5
7
6740
6Q60
-220
-------
TABLE 13
STANDARD DEVIATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MEAN LOADINGS
OF CERTAIN NUTRIENTS AND METALS AT THE SPOKANE GAGE
DURING FOUR INTENSIVE SURVEYS OF THE SPOKANE RIVER
Standard Deviation,
Parameter Survey I Survey II Survey III Survey IV
(lbs/day) (lbs/day) (lbs/day) (lbs/day)
N02+N03-N
527
865
781
896
Total P
32
561
1420
172
Total Cd
0.84
3.7
4.7
2.8
Total Cu
0.10
57.7
377.
38.5
Total Fe
167
322
1310
769
Total Pb
34.6
106.
181.
72.1
Total Hg
0.73
6.0
6.0
0.53
Total Zu
70
440
680
506
-------
TABLE U
POINT SOURCE QUALITY AND QUANTITY USED TO
SIMULATE WATER QUALITY CONDITIONS IN THE
SPOKANE RIVER DURING SURVEY I (AUGUST 14-15, 1Q7Q)
Source
NH3-N N02+N03-N P04-P Temper-
Flow DO BOD5 Nitrogen Nitroqen Phosphorus aturp
(cfs) (mq/1) (mq/1) (mq/1) (mq/1) (mq/1) (oC)
Conper Zinc
(uq/1) (uq/lj
Spokane River 624. 7.7 0.5 0.014 0.010 0.013 21.9
Below Post FalIs
Spokane
Industrial Park 0.94 7.8 24.5 2.4 5.2 2.5 18.0
Kaiser^
Aluminum Co. 38.4 8.3 5.2 5.0 0.32 0.02 22.5
Inland Empire
Paper Co. 3.4 2.7 267. 0.8 0.26 0.01 24.1
Millwood STP 0.05 2.6 734. 0.08 14.0 4.9 18.1
3500
5
65
10
180
55
20
210
^Kaiser Aluminum diverts an equivalent volume of,water from the Spokane River at R.M. 86.1. This diversion
is made with the water quality predicted by the model at that location.
-------
TABLE 15
GROUNDWATER QUALITY AND QUANTITY USED TO
SIMULATE WATER QUALITY CONDITIONS IN THE
SPOKANE RIVER DURING SURVEY I (AUGUST 14-16, 1979)
River
Segment
(River Mile)
Flow
(cfs)
DO
bod5
nh3-
Nitrogen
NO2 + NO3-
Nitrogen
PO4-
Phosphorus
Temper-
ature
Copper
Zin<
102.2 - 87.0
50.0
6.0
0.0
0.01
1.4
0.01
9.5
8
10
87.0 - 84.0
68.7
6.0
0.0
0.01
1.4
0.01
9.5
8
10
84.0 - 79.8
96.1
6.0
0.0
0.01
1.4
0.01
9.
8
10
79.8 - 78.0
41.2
6.0
0.0
0.01
1.4
0.01
9.7
8
10
78.0 - 74.0
109.0
6.0
0.0
0.01
1.4
0.01
9.7
8
10
-------
...oLE 16
AVERAGE AIR TEMPERATURE, DEW POINT, WIND SPEED AND SKY
COVER USED TO SIMULATE ENERGY BUDGET FOR THE SPOKANE
RIVER DURING SURVEY I (AUGUST 14-16, 1979) AND COMPUTED
VALUE OF EQUILIBRIUM TEMPERATURE AND THERMAT TRANSFER RATE
Parameter Units Value
Air Temperature (° C) 19.1
Dew Point (° C) 10.9
Wind Speed (Meters/sec) 4.12
Sky Cover (Tenths) 7.1
Equilibrium Temeperature (° C) 20.3
Thermal Transfer Rate (Meters/sec) 6.35 X 10"^
TABLE 17
COEFFICIENTS RELATING DEPTH, D,
AND VELOCITY, U, TO FLOW, Q
Segment
D
= A] Qb1
U = A2
Qb2
River Mile
Al
Bl
a2
b2
102.2 - 87.0
0.36393
0.33610
2.6057 X
lO"2
0.54811
87.0 - 84.0
0.36393
0.33610
2.6057 X
lO"2
0.54811
84.0 - 79.8
0.36393
0.33610
2.6057 X
lO"2
0.54811
79.8 - 78.0
7.21596
3.1041 X lO-2
2.9779 X
lO"2
0.79956
78.0 - 74.0
7.21576
3.1041 X lO"2
2.9779 X
lO"2
0.79956
-------
TABLE 18
CONSTITUENT TRANSFORMATION RATES, AT 20°C,
FOR DISSOLVED OXYGEN, CARBONACEOUS BOD, AND
AMMONIA-NITROGEN USED TO SIMULATE WATER QUALITY
CONDITIONS DURING SURVEY I (AUGUST 14-16, 1979)
Segment Reaeration Deoxygenation Nitrification
River
Mile
Rate
(days~l)
Rate
(days~l)
Rate
(days"-'-)
102.2
- 87.0
1.50
0.10
0.20
87.0
- 84.0
1.49
0.10
0.20
84.0
- 79.8
1.49
0.10
0.20
79.8
- 78.0
0.20
0.10
0.20
78.0
- 74.0
0.21
0.10
0.20
TABLE 19
MEAN DIFFERENCE AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
SIMULATED AND MEAN OBSERVED VALUES OF CERTAIN WATER QUALITY
CONSTITUENTS DURING SURVEY I (AUGUST 14-16, 1979)
Constituent Mean
Difference
Temperature -0.74
DO 0.44
Nitrite + Nitrate- -0.022
Nitrogen
Total Phosphorus -0.006
Total Copper -2.05
Total Zinc -7.28
Standard Deviation Units
of Difference
1.04 °C
0.39 mg/1
0.089 mg/1
0.005 mg/1
1.98 >jg/l
9.39 >jg/l
-------
TABLE 20
N02 + NO3-N
Total P
Total Cq
Total Cy
Total Ff
Total PB
Total Hq
Total
Temperature
TWO-SAMPLE T-TEST STATISTICS AND
LEVEL OF SIGNIFICANCE FOR SPOKANE RIVER
SURVEY I SURVEY II SURVEY III SURVEY IV
tP tPtPtP
47.05
0.000
14.00
0.000
-3.56
0.001
8.41
0.000
4.44
0.000
1.53
0.128
-3.99
0.000
14.44
0.000
32.14
0.000
15.14 0.000
1.03 0.307
-1.60 0.118
3.20 0.002
-1.51 0.134
2.44 0.018
2.28 0.027
1.98 0.051
3.35 0.001
3.72 0.000
3.65 0.001
-1.67 0.100
4.57 0.000
3.34 0.002
2.45 0.017
6.88 0.000
-2.92 0.005
-2.45 0.020
11.95 0.000
-0.48 0.632
-0.77 0.443
2.83 0.006
-3.84 0.000
-1.78 0.079
0.34 0.735
-0.12 0.901
-------
WASHINGTON I IDAHO
Columbia River
-!¥
Lake Roosevelt
Little Spokane
River
Porcupine Bay
Approximate Limits
of Study Area
Long Lake
JSpokane
Coeur d'Atene
North Fork
Study Area
Spokane
River
Kellogg
WASHINGTON
South Fork
Coeur d'Atene River
Hangman Creek
St. Joe River
Miles
Figure 1. Spokane River Basin
-------
FIGURE 2 . TEN-DAY AUERAGE FLOU IN THE SPOKANE RIUER AT THE
SPOKANE GAGE DURING 1979-1981. EPA/DOE SURUEY DATES NOTED.
40000
30000 -
FLOU(CFS)
SURUEY I
SURVEV II
SURMEV 111
SURUEV IU
F
L
0
U
C
F
S
20000 -
10000 -
1980
1981
1982
AR
-------
Deadman Creek
9 A AA A
Upriver Dam
Millwood
Miles
Hangman Creek
River
Groundwater
A Municipal or Industrial
Newman Lake
WASHINGTON
-N
IDAHO
Coeur d'Aiene
Spokane River
Coeur d'A/ene River
Figure 3. EPA Region 10 Intensive Surveys 1979-1981
Sampling Points
1. Inland Empire Paper Co.
2. Kaiser Aluminum Co.
3. Spokane Industrial Pack
4. Millwood Sewage Treatment Plant
5. Spokane Waterworks
6. Spokane River at Spokane
7. Spokane River above
Washington St. Bridge
8. Spokane River at
Mission St. Bridge
9. Spokane River below
Spokane City Dam
10. Spokane River at
Argonne St. Bridge
11. Spokane River at
Trent Rd. Bridge
12. Spokane River at
Sullivan Rd. Bridge
13. Spokane River at
Barker Rd. Bridge
14. Spokane River at
Harvard Rd. Bridge
15. Spokane River at
State Line Bridge
16. Spokane River below
Post Falls
St. Joe River
-------
FIGURE 4 . AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL CADMIUM IN
THE SPOKANE RIUER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURUEY I.
-------
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
a
l
rIGURE 4 . AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL CADMIUM IN
rHE SPOKANE RIUER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURUEY I.
0
l 1 1 i i ! 1 1 r
1,5 S , I i i
74
78
82
86
8. i ¦ I
90
94
98
102
106 i:
SPOKANE RIVER MILE
-------
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
IGURE 5 . AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL CADMIUM IN
HE SPOKANE RIVER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURVEY II.
106 l:
SPOKANE RIVER MILE
-------
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
IGURE 6. AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL CADMIUM IN
HE SPOKANE RIVER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURVEY III.
0
i 1 1 1 1 1 1 r
| 9 i | ©O0OO 0 0
_J l l I i I i i l
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106 1
SPOKANE RIVER MILE
-------
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
rIGURE 7 ~ AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL CADMIUM IN
rHE SPOKANE RIUER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURUEY IU.
0
$ e
l:
SPOKANE RIUER MILE
-------
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
rIGURE 8 . AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL COPPER IN THE
SPOKANE RIUER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURUEV I.
SPOKANE RIUER PIILE
-------
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
rIGURE 9. AUERAGE, flAXIMliri AND fllNINUM TOTAL COPPER IN THE
SPOKANE RIUER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURUEV II.
0
I
i i f
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106
SPOKANE RIVER HUE
-------
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
:IGURE io . AVERAGE, I1AXII1UH AND niNIIIUtl TOTAL COPPER IN THE
SPOKANE RIVER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURVEY III.
x
74 78 82 86 90 94
SPOKANE RIVER MILE
98 102 106 1
-------
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
¦IGURE 11. AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL COPPER IN THE
SPOKANE RIUER DURINGE EPA REGION 10 SURVEY IU.
00 1
_L
$ $ $ $
I I
I
_L
X
_L
74 78 88 86 90 94
SPOKANE RIUER MILE
98
108 106
1
-------
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
"IGURE 12. AUERAGE, (lAXIIIUfl AND MINIMUM TOTAL IRON IN THE
SPOKANE RIUER DURINGE EPA REGION 10 SURUEV I.
0
I !
I
J 1 I I 1 I I L
1
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 108 106
SPOKANE RIUER MILE
-------
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
'IGURE 13. AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL IRON IN THE
SPOKANE RIVER DURINGE EPA REGION 10 SURVEY II.
I I
82 86 90 94
SPOKANE RIVER I1ILE
-------
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
rIGURE 14. AVERAGE, flAXIflUII AND MINIMUM TOTAL IRON IN THE
SPOKANE RIUER DURINGE EPA REGION 10 SURUEY III.
0
a
i
1
l
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106
SPOKANE RIUER MILE
-------
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
15. AVERAGE, HAXinun AND MINinUPI TOTAL IRON IN THE
RIVER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURVEY IV.
0
t 1 1 1 1 1 1 r
j i i l i i 1 1 1—
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106
SPOKANE RIUER MILE
-------
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
rIGURE 16. AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL LEAD IN THE
SPOKANE RIVER DURINGE EPA REGION 10 SURVEY I.
88 86 90 94
SPOKANE RIVER MILE
102 106 V
-------
FIGURE 17. AUERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL LEAD IN THE
SPOKANE RIUER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURUEY II.
100
T
0
T
A
L
L
E
A
D
U
G
/
L
82 86 90 94
SPOKANE RIUER MILE
102 106
110
-------
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
80
10
rIGURE 18. AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL LEAD IN THE
SPOKANE RIVER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURVEY III.
0
l 1 1 1 I I 1 1 r
I I 1 1 I I L
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 108 106 1
SPOKANE RIVER MILE
-------
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
19. AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL LEAD IN THE
RIUER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURUEY IU.
0
t 1 1 1 1 1 1 r
1 J J J { J J f {
i
74
78
82
86
90
94
98
102
106
l:
SPOKANE RIUER MILE
-------
FIGURE 20. AUERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL MERCURY IN
THE SPOKANE RIVER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURVEY I.
0
ie6 lie
SPOKANE RIVER MILE
-------
FIGURE 21. AUERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL MERCURV IN
THE SPOKANE RIUER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURUEV II.
82 86 90 94
SPOKANE RIVER MILE
102
106 110
-------
FIGURE 22. AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL MERCURY IN
THE SPOKANE RIVER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURUEV III.
0
'
74 78 88
86 9e 94 98 102
106 110
SPOKANE RIUER MILE
-------
FIGURE 23. AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL MERCURY IN
THE SPOKANE RIUER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURVEY IV.
0
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106 110
SPOKANE RIUER MIE
-------
300
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
'IGURE 24. AVERAGE, FIAXIFIUfl AND PUNII-IUM TOTAL ZINC IN THE
SPOKANE RIVER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURVEV I.
0 |
o 0 0
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106 1!
SPOKANE RIVER HILE
-------
300
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
"IGURE 25. AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL ZINC IN THE
SPOKANE RIVER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURVEY II.
0
I 1
I
74
78
82
86
90
94
98
102
106 i:
SPOKANE RIUER MILE
-------
300
280
260
840
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
-IGURE 26. AUERAGE, PIAXIPIUH AND I1INIP1UP1 TOTAL ZINC IN THE
SPOKANE RIUER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURUEY III.
0
t 1
74
78
82
86
90
94
98
102
106 l:
SPOKANE RIUER til IE
-------
300
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
"IGURE 27. AVERAGE, PIAXIflUfl AND PlINIMUn ZINC IN THE SPOKANE
?I VER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURUEY IV.
0 I) 0
0 0 0 () 0
I
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106 1
SPOKANE RIVER I1ILE
-------
FIGURE 28. AUERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM NITRITE+NITRATE-
NITROGEN IN THE SPOKANE RIUER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURUEY I.
0
lie
SPOKAME RIVER MILE
-------
FIGURE 29. AVERAGE, nAXIPIUPI AND MINII1UH NITRITE+NITRATE-NI-
TROGEN IN THE SPOKANE RIUER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURUEY II.
0
110
SPOKANE RIUER MILE
-------
FIGURE 30, AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM NITRITE+NITRATE-NI-
TROGEN IN THE SPOKANE RIVER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURVEY III.
0
0.9
0.8
N
0 0.7
2
N 0.6
0
3
0.5
0.4
M
G 0.3
/
L
0.2
0.1
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106 110
SPOKANE RIVER MILE
-------
FIGURE 31 . AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM NITRITE+NITRATE-NI-
TROGEN IN THE SPOKANE RIUER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURVEY IV.
0
!
82 86 90 94
SPOKANE RIUER MILE
102
110
-------
FIGURE 32. AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL PHOSPHORUS IN
THE SPOKANE RIUER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURUEY I.
0.15
0.14
T
0.13
0
T
ru
iH
•
A
L
0.11
P
0.10
H
0
0.09
S
P
0.08
H
0
0.0?
R
U
0.06
S
0.05
0.04
M
G
0.03
/
L
0.03
0.01
?4 78 8E 86 90 94 98 102 106 110
SPOKANE RIUER MILE
-------
FIGURE 33. AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL PHOSPHORUS IN
THE SPOKANE RIVER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURVEY II.
0
0.15
0.14
T
0.13
0
T
0.12
A
L
0.11
P
0.10
H
0
0.09
S
P
0.08
H
0
R
0.07
U
0.06
S
0.05
11
0.04
G
0.03
/
L
0.02
0.01
lie
SPOKANE RIVER MILE
-------
FIGURE 34 . AUERAGE, P1AXIP1UI1 AND PlINIflUM TOTAL PHOSPHORUS IN
THE SPOKANE RIUER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURUEY III.
0
0.15
0.14
T
0.13
0
T
0.12
A
L
0.11
P
0.10
H
0
0.09
S
P
0.08
H
0
0.07
R
U
0.06
S
0.0S
0.04
11
G
0.03
/
L
0.02
0.01
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106 110
SPOKANE RIUER MILE
-------
FIGURE 35. AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TOTAL PHOSPHORUS IN
THE SPOKANE RIUER DURING EPA REGION 10 SURVEY IU.
0.15
0.14
T
0.13
0
T
0.12
A
L
0.11
P
0.10
H
0
0.09
S
P
0.08
H
0
0.0?
R
U
s
0.06
0.05
0.04
M
G
0.03
/
L
0.02
0.01
MM
110
SPOKANE RIUER MILE
-------
36
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
Id
8
6
4
2
36. AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURE IN THE
RIVER DURING EPA REGION 10 INTENSIVE SURVEY I.
0
i r
i i i 1 1 r
0 J 0
I ^ ^ I
*1 I
J 1 1 1 1 I 1 L
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106 1
SPOKANE RIVER MILE
-------
30
28
26
24
22
2d
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
IGURE 37. AVERAGE* MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURE IN THE
POKANE RIVER DURING EPA REGION 10 INTENSIUE SURVEY II.
0 HI
_L
J J ^ 5 J 5 j s
A.
_L
_L
_L
_L
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106 11
SPOKANE RIVER MILE
-------
30
28
86
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
IGURE 38. AUERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURE IN THE
POKANE RIVER DURING EPA REGION 10 INTENSIUE SURVEY III.
| | J
I I $ I
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106 1
SPOKANE RIUER MILE
-------
14
13
12
11
ie
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
IGURE 39, AVERAGE, MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM DISSOLVED OXVGEN IN
HE SPOKANE RIVER DURING EPA REGION 10 INTENSIVE SURVEY I.
jl }
<> o 0 <>
1
J I I I I I 1 L
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106
SPOKANE RIVER MILE
-------
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
40. SIMULATED AND OBSERVED DISSOLVED OXYGEN IN THE
RIVER DURING SURVEY I.
-i 1 1 1 1 r
"i r
J1
j | (I
SIMULATED
0 OBSERVED
-1 1 1 I I I I I I
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106 1
SPOKANE RIVER I1ILE
-------
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
41. SIMULATED AND OBSERVED TEMPERATURE IN THE
RIUER DURING SURUEY I.
SIMULATED
OBSERUED
X
_L
_L
_L
_L
74 78 82 86 90 94
SPOKANE RIUER MILE
98
102 106
11
-------
FIGURE 42. SIMULATED AND OBSERVED TOTAL PHOSPHORUS IN THE
SPOKANE RIVER DURING SURUEY I.
0.15
0.14
T
0*13
0
T
0.12
A
L
0.11
P
0.10
H
0
0.09
S
P
0.08
H
0
R
0.07
u
S
0.06
0.05
n
0.04
G
0.03
/
L
0.02
0.01
SIMULATED
OBSERVED
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106 110
SPOKANE RIUER MILE
-------
30
88
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
E 43. SIMULATED AND OBSERVED TEMPERATURE IN THE SPO-
RIUER SHOWING THE EFFECT OF GROUNDWATER TEMPERATURE.
i 1 1 1 1 1 1 ~r
GROUNDUATER'EQUILIBRIun
CROUNDUATER-OBSERUED
0 OBSERVED
J I I I 1 I I I 1
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106 1
SPOKANE RIVER MILE
-------
FIGURE 44. SIMULATED AND OBSERVED NITRITE+NITRATE-NITROGEN
IN THE SPOKANE RIUER DURING SURVEY I.
0.7
0.4
0.3
74
78
82
86
90
94
98
106
110
SPOKANE RIVER MILE
-------
300
286
260
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
45 . SIMULATED AND OBSERUED TOTAL ZINC IN THE
: RIUER DURING SURUEV I.
t 1 1 1 1 1 r
SinULATED
0 OBSERVED
74 78 82 86 90 94 98 102 106
SPOKANE RIUER P1ILE
-------
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
46. SIMULATED AND OBSERUED TOTAL COPPER IN THE
RIUER DURING SURUEY I.
i i 1 r
SIMULATED
0 OBSERUED
-L
_L
74 78 82 86 90 94
SPOKANE RIUER MILE
98
102
106
11
-------
Deadman Creek
Upriver Dam
Hangman Creek
Newman Lake
o
~
A
River
Groundwater
Municipal or Industrial
WASHINGTON
N
IDAHO
Coeur d'Alene
Spokane River
Coeur d'Alene River
Figure 3. EPA Region 10 Intensive Surveys 1979-1961
Sampling Points
1. Inland Empire Paper Co.
2. Kaiser Aluminum Co.
3. Spokane Industrial Park
4. MSwood Sewage Treatment Plant
5. Spokane Waterworks
6. Spokane River at Spokane
7. Spokane River above
Washington St. Bridge
8. Spokane River at
Mission St. Bridge
9. Spokane River below
Spokane City Dam
10. Spokane River at
Argonne St. Bridge
11. Spokane River at
Trent Rd. Bridge
12. Spokane River at
SuKvan Rd. Bridge
13. Spokane River at
Barker Rd. Bridge
14. Spokane River at
Harvard Rd. Bridge
15. Spokane River at
Stale Line Bridge
16. Spokane River below
Post Fafc
St. Joe River
-------
Deadman Creek
Upriver Dam
Hangman Creek
Newman Lake
WASHINGTON
River
Groundwater
Municipal or Industrial
-N-
IDAHO
Coeur d'Alene
Spokane River
Coeur d'Alene River
Figure 3. EPA Region 10 Intensive Surveys 1979-1981
Sampling Points
1. Inland Empire Paper Co.
2. Kaiser Aluminum Co.
3. Spokane Industrial Paifc
4. Miftwood Sewage Treatment Plant
5. Spokane Waterworks
6. Spokane River at Spokane
7. Spokane River above
Washington St. Bridge
Spokane River at
Mission St. Bridge
9. Spokane River below
Spokane City Dam
10. Spokane River at
Argonne St. Bridge
11. Spokane River at
Trent Rd. Bridge
12. Spokane River at
Sullivan Rd. Bridge
13. Spokane River at
Barker Rd. Bridge
14. Spokane River at
Harvard Rd. Bridge
15. Spokane River at
State Line Bridge
16. Spokane River below
Post Fals
Sr. Joe River
------- |