Smart Growth Strategies
PROTECTING
MfATER
RESOURCES
in
I National A
National Association of Counties
\ Counties Care for Amerjfl
Local Government Roles
and Options for the
Rocky Mountains and
Northern Great Plains

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ABOUT THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF COUNTIES
Founded in 1935, the National Association of Counties (NACo), is the only national organization in the
country that represents county governments. With headquarters on Capitol Hill in Washington, DC, NACO's
primary mission is to ensure that the county government message is heard and understood in the White House
and the halls of Congress. NACo's purpose and objectives are to:
~	Serve as a liaison with other levels of government;
~	Improve public understanding of counties;
~	Act as a national advocate for counties; and,
~	Help counties Find innovative methods for meeting the challenges they face.
Through its research arm, the National Association of Counties Research Foundation, NACo provides county
officials with a wealth of expertise and services in a broad range of subject areas, including job training, environ-
mental programs, human services, welfare-to-work initiatives, housing, county governance, and community in-
frastructure.
For more information about the Association, or to request copies of this report, please contact:
The National Association of Counties
440 First Street, NW
Washington, DC 20001
tele:202/393-6226
fax: 202/393-2630
web: www.naco.org
Smart Growth Strategies, Protecting Water Resources: Local Government Roles and Options for the Rocky Mountains
and Northern Great Plains (December 2001) was produced by the National Association of Counties (NACo)
under a cooperative agreement (# X-82738701) with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and
additional support from USEPA Region 8. NACo wishes to thank the contributors who supplied case study
information, quotes and pictures. Jerry McNeil, Trish McNeil and Fran Rothstein wrote and edited this publica-
tion under the direction of Abigail Friedman, NACo Senior Project Manager. Jack Hernandez, NACo Graphic
Artist, and Luisa Chittim completed the layout and design. The opinions in the publication are those of the
contributors and may not necessarily reflect views of the NACo or the USEPA.

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US EPA
Headquarters and Chemical Libraries
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Protecting Water Resources	Smart Growth Strategies
'Smart growth helps communi-
ties shape the future. With appro-
priate planning, local governments
can make land use control and
development decisions that will
improve their communities* over-
all quality of life by protecting the
best of their unique economic,
political, social and environmental
characteristics."
A


- Javier Gonzales,
Commissioner, Santa 1
and President of the
National Association
A, . v» *. :4SMj
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Smart Growth Strategies
Protecting Water Resources
"Protecting the West's water should be the cor-
nerstone for any western planning strategies. Our
future depends upon it. We cannot afford to
squander it through thoughtless development,"
- Bill Murdock,
Commissioner,
Gallatin County, MT
Development Impacts
Water Resources
The Rocky Mountains and Northern Great Plains owe
their economic well being to their stunning natural beauty
and valuable natural resources that attract people and in-
dustry. In the past 10 years alone, the six-state region -
Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah,
and Wyoming - has grown by over 1.3 million people (Fig-
ure 1). Colorado and Utah have added over 23 percent
more people, mainly in cities and suburbs.
The region's arid environment means that water qual-
ity and availability are inextricably linked with open space,
wetlands, rivers, and streams. Precipitation averages less
than 20 inches annually. Rampant development threatens
these natural features. The result is sprawl, pollution, ero-
sion, and flooding. By managing growth to protect water
resources, local governments can minimize the negative
impacts of development, such as:
¦ Environmental degradation. Development can
destroy open space, wetlands, and wildlife habitats. Hous-
ing subdivisions, roads, highways, and shopping centers
consume space and increase impervious surfaces (e.g., roof-
tops, roads, parking lots, driveways, and sidewalks) contrib-
uting to erosion and flooding. Development that encroaches
on flood plains destroys natural habitats, degrades water
quality, and causes individual and commercial economic
losses. Floods in the US cause over $4.3 billion in damages
annually, with local economies bearing much of that cost.
¦	Water pollution. Non-point source pollution (pol-
lution caused by run-off and flooding) causes about 60 per-
cent of all water pollution in the US. Non-point source
pollution is a particular threat in areas prone to water short-
ages. As development increases, so does the likelihood of
non-point source pollution. The most common non-point
source pollutants are sediment and nutrients. Poor con-
struction practices can allow increased sediment loads to
run-off construction sites. Sources of nutrients include
excessive fertilizer use in residential, agricultural and recre-
ational areas; golf course run-off into streams is a prime
example. Development increases impervious surfaces (such
as roads, parking lots and rooftops). Impervious surfaces
prevent storm water from seeping into the ground or being
absorbed by vegetation. When storm water becomes run-
off, it picks up nutrients and sediment as it travels toward
bodies of water.
¦	Drinking water contamination. In addition to its
negative impacts on surface water, development can affect
the underground water sources that provide household wa-
ter to half of all Americans and 95 percent of rural resi-
dents. Microbial contamination in drinking water causes a
half million cases of illness annually. Poorly designed or
inappropriately located septic tanks can contaminate water
supplies.
Figure 1: Rocky Mountains and Northern
Great Plains States (US EPA Region 8)
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Protecting Water Resources
Smart Growth Strategies
Terminology
used to create, restore, and preserve green space - especially
valuable in crowded urban and close-in suburban areas.
¦	Watershed - an area that drains into a body of wa-
ter, such as a river or lake. Almost all land is a part of a
watershed. A basin is a very large watershed; the South Platte
River Basin, for example, includes 27,300 square miles in
three states. Most precipitation in a healthy watershed soaks
into the ground, nourishes vegetation, recharges aquifers,
and maintains surface water flows.
¦	Wetland - an area with water at or near the sur-
face of the soil for at least part of the year. Wetlands are
known as "the kidneys of the watershed," because they store
and process water to keep it safe and healthy throughout
the watershed. Wetlands also control erosion, protect
against flood and storm damage, reduce water treatment
costs, increase groundwater availability, support fishing,
sustain plant and animal diversity, and create recreation
areas. Rocky Mountain wetlands include wet meadows,
riparian areas (wet areas near rivers, ponds, or lakes),
marshes, and prairie potholes, and are found in both ru-
ral and urban areas.
¦	Brownfield - an abandoned, idled, or underutilized
industrial and commercial property where expansion or rede-
velopment is complicated by real or perceived environmental
contamination. Many are adjacent to waterways and well-
served by transportation systems and other infrastructure,
making them ripe for infill development that is a sound alter-
native to suburban sprawl. Brownfields restoration can also be
"Whenever development occurs, it changes the
environment and the supply and quality of our
water. Unless we manage development to mini-
mize or avoid these changes, degradation of our
water resources is inevitaPle,"
•
- Gary Hanson
Mayor, Sioux falls. South Dakota
Local Governments Need to
Protect Water Resources
Water is a community asset that is critical to public health,
economic stability, environmental quality, and quality of life.
Sustainable communities protect their watersheds and con-
serve wetlands, flood plains, and other aquatic resources.
Clean, safe drinking water protects public health. New
drinking water sources to meet growing demand may not be
readily available; protecting existing water sources is a necessity.
Water supports a strong economy. Farmers, ranch-
ers, and commercial activities need water to produce crops,
livestock, and manufactured goods. Healthy ecosystems
attract tourism and recreation dollars. Plus, maintaining
clean water is almost always less expensive than cleaning
up polluted water.
% Case In Point
Brownfields Redevelopment: Sioux Falls,
South Dakota
Sioux Falls has Peen working to redevelop a
mixed commercial, industrial and rail corridor ad-
jacent to the Big Sioux River in the City's central
Pusiness district. The corridor has Peen largely re-
developed as a recreational river greenway bor-
dered Py new commercial and office develop-
ments, and has Pecome a source of civic pride.
However, several large Prownfields lie in a crucial
location, physically dividing two areas that have
Peen suPstantially revitalized. These sites have re-
mained undeveloped Pecause of the uncertain-
ties of contamination and liability.
Impacts to water guality of the Big Sioux River
from these Prownfields sites have not been docu-
mented. However, the inherent nature of opera-
tions from the scrap metal recycling facility and
other properties leads to negative impacts to the
Big Sioux River from surface water run-off. The
cleanup and reuse of these brownfields sites as a
puPlic park will reduce or eliminate any negative
impacts these sites have on the river. The rede-
velopment will also enhance the aesthetic value
of the riparian corridor and the value of surrouna-
ing properties.
4
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Smart Growth Strategies
Protecting Water Resources
Case In Point
Water contributes to the local tax base. Many com-
munities have revitalized their old downtowns and attracted
investment by reclaiming waterfront areas for commercial,
residential, and recreational use.
Water helps attract and maintain population. Ameri-
cans expect to turn on the faucet and drink the water. Safe,
sufficient drinking water helps retain residents and visitors;
poor water quality keeps people away.
Water resources protection yields environmental ben-
efits. Safeguarding wetlands helps maintain biodiversity by
protecting plant and wildlife habitats and also helps keep
water supplies clean.
Water resources protection increases quality of life.
Keeping flood plains in their natural state, for example,
maintains open space for recreational uses as well as reduc-
ing flood damages.
Local Governments Have the
Power to Protect Water Resources
Most local governments have authority for the four
essential components of water resources management:
¦	Identifying, developing, and protecting sources of
water supply;
¦	Siting, building, operating, and maintaining public
water supply and wastewater treatment facilities;
¦	Directing how land is used; and
¦	Coordinating multi-jurisdictional efforts within the
watershed.
Open Space Preservation:
Larimer County, Colorado
Open space conservation is often the cheap-
est way to safeguard drinking water and achieve
other environmental goals. In a variant of the Trans-
fer of Development Rights (TDR) strategy (see page
7 for more on TDRs), Larimer County's Transfer of
Density Units (TDU) program maintains open space
in the Fossil Creek Reservoir area by enabling land-
owners to transfer development potential from one
parcel of land to another. This helps preserve natu-
ral and environmental resources, agriculture, open
space, scenic vistas, and recreational lands.
The TDU program steers future development to-
ward areas designated for higher density by com-
pensating landowners for preserving some or all
of their land. The TDU seller agrees not to develop
the land, and the TDU buyer purchases the right to
build at a higher-than-normal density.
The County may grant "bonus" TDUsto landown-
ers who agree to protect natural, environmental,
or agricultural resources. When a landowner sells
some or all of the property's development poten-
tial, the County places a land use covenant, such
as a conservation easement, on the land to keep
it in its natural condition or restrict it to fishing, hunt-
ing, or public access use.
Through the TDU program, the County has pro-
tected over 300 agricultural acres and 100 acres of
open space and natural areas, including wetlands.
A major goal is establishment of a development-
free buffer around Fossil Creek Reservoir to protect
the reservoir's non-potable water for irrigation.
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Protecting Water Resources
Smart Growth Strategies
5^ Case In Point
Collaborative Watershed Management:
Bear River Watershed: Wyoming, Idaho
and Utah
The Bear River's 7,600-square mile watershed
in Wyoming, northern Utah, and southern Idaho
faces multiple environmental problems: soil ero-
sion, increased sediment and nutrient loadings, ri-
parian vegetation removal, and stream
channelization. Plus, the Bear River's use as a drink-
ing water resource could be increased.
In partnership with state and federal agencies
and industry and citizen groups, the three states
established a watershed coordination committee
to share information and coordinate efforts. They
initiated a watershed restoration project on the
Little Bear River portion of the watershed. This pi-
lot, focused on non-point source run-off issues, vis-
ibly reduced pollution, which generated enthusi-
asm for the larger watershed project.
I

Local Governments' Smart
Growth Checklist for Water
Resources Protection
Smart growth balances development with the protec-
tion of environmental and community resources. When
communities plan for development based on local needs and
priorities, they can accommodate growth while protecting
water quality and water supply. Restoring inner cities and
older suburbs, cleaning up and reusing abandoned
brownfields, protecting open space and flood plains, and
keeping development from encroaching on wetlands and
prime agricultural lands are smart growth practices that can
reduce the negative impacts of development.
Water is a regional as well as a local issue, and smart growth
- like water itself - crosses jurisdictional lines. Effective water
resources protection requires a comprehensive, inclusive water-
shed management approach based on collaborative action. In
fact, water laws in the West make local governments legally re-
sponsible, in many cases, for the quality and quantity of water
that flows downstream as well as for their local water supply.
To accommodate development while protecting wa-
ter resources, local governments need to work with other
jurisdictions, private landowners, and nonprofit agencies.
Here are some smart growth ways to do that:
¦	Establish community goals for water resources in
the watershed. Identify your watershed areas. Map your wet-
lands and other critical water resources. Analyze water qual-
ity and pollution sources. Set measurable, water-specific goals.
Establish a broad vision for integrated resource management.
¦	Develop a comprehensive water resources protec-
tion plan to implement your vision. Include strategies to
protect wetlands and drinking water and reduce non-point
source pollution. Develop water quality plans at the water-
shed level across jurisdictional boundaries. Coordinate with
land use and transportation plans to make water supply pro-
tection integral to those plans. Get sufficient public input
to generate broad community support for the plan. Set pri-
orities among competing interests. Take federal and state
water quality requirements into consideration.
¦	Adopt policies to support your plan. Emphasize
water protection practices that reduce the need for treat-
ment. Policies can be both regulatory and non-regulatory,
(See Tools You Can Use, later in this booklet, for examples).
Identify nearby jurisdictions, private landowners, and other
stakeholders to participate in the policy development and
implementation process.
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Smart Growth Strategies
¦	Manage development to protect watershed health.
Know the cumulative impacts of growth management de-
cisions. Identify impacts of development on water quality
and on the watershed as a whole. Protect environmentally
sensitive areas, especially riparian areas and adjacent wet-
lands that are critical to watershed health. Work with wa-
tershed groups and other jurisdictions and agencies.
¦	Promote restoration. Eliminate or reduce existing
impervious surfaces, promote habitat restoration, and tar-
get restoration efforts to areas critical to watershed health
and integrity. Support brownfield redevelopment.
¦	Monitor and evaluate your progress. Establish
baseline environmental indicators for each water goal to help
monitor watershed health and relate trends to smart growth
practices. Use the data to modify and refine your strategies
as circumstances change.
Local Government Tools for
Smart Growth
Counties, towns and cities have many options for
implementing their water resources and land use plans.
While regulation is an important part of any strategy, many
effective non-regulatory tools and a range of funding sources
can also support your plans.
Ordinances and Regulations
¦	Zoning: Establish urban growth boundaries, urban
service areas, or other protective zoning ordinances. Steer de-
velopment toward areas with adequate infrastructure. Focus
development on areas with poor quality soils. Use basins or
trenches to hold storm water and allow it to seep into the
ground. Encourage the use of permeable pavement surfaces.
¦	Alternative zoning: Identify and protect critical
natural areas (e.g., wetland areas within residential zones).
Cluster development (e.g., require builders to cluster hous-
ing and leave areas for open space). Establish buffer and
setback zones. Impose density standards. Offer transfer of
development rights (TDRs), in which landowners forego
development in threatened areas in exchange for higher
density or other exceptions in non-sensitive areas.
¦ Subdivision requirements: Require specific standards
for site design to protect water resources. For example specify
on-site wastewater, constructed treatment wetlands, or sep-
tic systems as part of site design, require construction and
vegetation buffers to control sedimentation and erosion, and
establish dedicated areas for recreation and open space.
Protecting Water Resources
¦	Building codes: Limit the number of construction
permits. Require phased development, grading and seed-
ing, and, where possible, porous pavement. Discourage
development on steep slopes.
¦	Storm water controls: Develop erosion and sedi-
mentation ordinances, including structural and
nonstructural management practices such as grass swales,
infiltration basins, run-off ponds and constructed treatment
wetlands, and nutrient loading standards.
¦	Run-off controls: Require golf courses and recre-
ation areas to adhere to design, vegetation, fertilization, and
watering standards. Establish requirements for agriculture,
construction, logging, mining, and road maintenance to
reduce contaminated run-off.
¦	Contaminant regulations: Restrict use and ensure
safe handling and disposal of toxic materials.
¦	Source-specific pollution regulations: Require de-
sign standards, on-site inspections, underground fuel stor-
age, well permits and closures, and sewage and septic tank
permits that control pollution. In highly vulnerable areas,
consider additional requirements on septic tanks to protect
both shallow groundwater and surface water. Minimize
power plant emissions that contribute to acid rain and glo-
bal climate change.
¦	Impact fees: Require developers to pay for the im-
pact of their projects on the community infrastructure (e.g.,
developer's fee for schools, sewers, roads).
¦	Invasive species: Non-native plants such as purple
loosestrife and salt cedar are highly aggressive invaders of
wetlands and streams that can destroy wildlife habitat and
crowd out native vegetation. Learn to recognize these and
other invasive plants and how to control them. A number
of states and counties have ordinances prohibiting the sale
of non-native plant species.
¦	Isolated wetlands: Isolated wetlands and other iso-
lated bodies of water may not be protected by the Clean
Water Act. Local governments, through zoning, easements,
and resource conservation plans can fill in the gap and pro-
tect these valuable aquatic resources.
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¦	Transportation planning: Coordinate with trans-
portation planners and encourage them to increase public
transportation and limit new roads. These steps will re-
duce the air pollution that affects surface water quality and
the impervious cover that affects non-point source pollu-
tion and flooding.
¦	Water Conservation: Plant native trees and plants
around public facilities to conserve water and reduce the
need for fertilizer.
¦	Public education: Publicize the benefits of land-
scaping with native trees and plants, using vegetation buff-
ers to reduce pesticide run-off, and stabilizing stream banks.
Help individuals and organizations identify and report en-
vironmental hazards. Involve schools and community
groups in monitoring water quality.
Case In Point
Wetlands Acquisition by Public Land Trust:
Littleton, Colorado
High above the South Platte River, surrounded
by development, the Chambers Farm included 30
acres of rolling meadows, a stream, and a pond.
Willows and wild birds thrived in the wetland area.
When a developer optioned the historic 30-acre
property for a 120-house subdivision, multiple stake-
holders came together to raise the necessary $2.54
million to save the historic property as a natural re-
treat for fast-growing Littleton.
First, the City of Littleton pledged its entire 1999
open space budget of $1.5 million and took title
to the land. The South Metro Land Conservancy,
a local land trust, worked with the national Trust
for Public Lands, the Chambers Farm Preservation
Association, and others to raise donations from
state lottery funds, local artists and merchants,
foundations, and individual donors. Ultimately,
the Littleton city council approved a compromise
plan mixing athletic fields, trails, and natural open
space to preserve the wetland as open space.
Protecting Water Resources
Smart Growth Strategies
Non-Regulatory Tools
¦	Pollution prevention: Reduce pollution caused by
road maintenance, salting, public works, and recreation fa-
cilities. For example, check equipment regularly to prevent
fluid leaks. Provide safe disposal areas for automotive waste,
leftover paint, and pesticides.
¦	Site restoration and protection: Protect and replant
native vegetation along stream banks. Remove invasive weeds
and grasses. Create vegetation buffers. Protect water quality
and wildlife habitat in marshes and other wetlands.
¦ Open Lands: Purchase open space or provide
landowners with tax benefits for retaining it. Use conser-
vation easements (i.e. purchase development rights for en-
vironmentally sensitive land such as flood plains; where
the individual owner retains title and keeps the land in
production or in its natural state). Develop partnerships
with land trusts to protect and maintain open space and
other critical natural areas.
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8
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Smart Growth Strategies
Protecting Water Resources
Case In Point
Flood Plain Easements:
North Dakota
Red River Basin,
Nearly 300 landowners in North Dakota's Red
River Basin helped restore natural flood plains
while reducing the economic hardships and en-
vironmental impacts of freguent flooding. Rather
than continue to farm land that frequently floods,
farmers sold over 12,000 acres of flood plain ease-
ments to the Natural Resources Conservation Ser-
vice through a program of the 1996 Farm Bill. As
a result, landowners reduced risks to life and prop-
erty while protecting the natural flood plain and
its native plants. Many are even considering re-
storing their lands to pre-settlement or pre-agro-
nomic conditions.
"Growth ana development's effects on wa-
ter quality occur over time, and often become
apparent only when degradation has reached
critical levels, requiring costly local government
intervention. Land use regulations and master
plans that provide for continual water quality
monitoring and assessment in new develop-
ments, along with ways to address issues as they
arise, are the foundation for smart growth."
- Lurline Underbrink-Curran
County Manager, Grand County, Colorado
S » H
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Legislation and Public Funding Tools
¦	The Clean Water Act (CWA) regulates surface wa-
ters to restore and maintain their chemical, physical, and
biological integrity, and requires local governments to get
permits for water treatment facilities. Section 404 of CWA
sets standards for discharging dredged or fill material into
wetlands and other waters.
¦	The Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) protects
drinking water from contaminants and regulates local gov-
ernments that provide water to the public. SDWA empha-
sizes comprehensive watershed management and requires
states to help local governments determine current or fu-
ture development impacts on local drinking water sources.
¦	Local governments can access CWA and SDWA state
revolving funds. Because water resource protection issues
cross jurisdictional lines and involve multiple stakeholders,
those revolving funds support intergovernmental and pub-
lic/private partnerships.
¦	US EPA Region 8's brownfields program includes
grants to States, Tribes, and local governments for the as-
sessment of brownfields sites. EPA can also provide assess-
ment services. Clean-up funds are available through the
Brownfields Clean-up Revolving Loan Fund Program.
¦	Other federal and state funding tools: Learn about
the Transportation Equity Act of the 21st Century (TEA-
21) and USDA's National Resources Conservation Service.
Apply for Watershed Assistance, Wetlands, and CWA Non-
Point Source Pollution grants. Contact your state depart-
ments of Health, Environment, and Natural Resources for
information and assistance.
¦	Local funding tools: Consider local options such
as taxes, rates and surcharges, bonds, fees, and voluntary
donation programs.
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Protecting Water Resources
Smart Growth Strategies
Smart Growth, Water
Resources Protection,
and the Quality of Life
Smart growth strategies, in addition to protecting criti-
cal wetlands, riparian areas, flood plains, drinking water
supplies and other water resources, can play a vital role in
maintaining and/or restoring the quality of life in local com-
munities. With increased stress and tension in today's soci-
ety, many individuals find comfort and tranquility in visit-
ing natural, undisturbed areas close to home. Smart growth
strategies that protect water resources can also provided the
undisturbed open spaces that are increasingly important to
our quality of life.
Case In Point
Brownfields Redevelopment,
North Denver, Colorado
North Denver's 70-acre Northside wastewater
treatment plant along the South Platte River was
polluted by multiple contaminants. An extensive
partnership led by the City and County of Denver
redeveloped the abandoned sewage plant into
a new 13-acre park, a wetland, a storm water
detention pond, and a National Guard Armory.
Approximately 22 acres will be sold for industrial
park development and 25 acres were purchased
for the Heron Pond Natural Area.
The partnership included Denver, its South Platte
Commission, the Globeville neighborhood. Urban
Drainage and Flood Control, Adams County, three
state agencies, and Great Outdoors Colorado.
This award-winning brownfields redevelopment
project, named "best use of a sewage plant" by
Westword 2000 magazine, turned an eyesore into
a green space that incorporates the industrial
legacy of the site.
BEFORE
AFTER
10
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Water
Smart Growth Strategies	Protecting Water Resources
elated Resources for
Local Governments
NACo Publications
¦	County Five Star Restoration
Projects: Best Practices Guide
¦	Leadership in Watershed
Management: The County Role
¦	Local Tools for Smart Growth:
Practical Strategies and Techniques to
Improve Our Communities
¦	Protecting Drinking Water:
County Partnerships that Work
¦	Protecting Wetlands, Managing
Watersheds: Local Government
Case Studies
¦	Source Water Protection: A
Guidebook for Local Governments
¦	Stormwater Management: Three
Profiles of County-Based Initiatives
To order call 202-942-4256 or visit
www.naco.org/programs/environment
Internet Resources
¦	Catalog of Federal Funding Sources
for Watershed Protection: Second
Edition (EPA), www.epa.gov/
owow/watershed/wacademy/
fund.html
¦	Center for Watershed Protection,
www.cwp.org
¦	Eight Tools of Watershed Protection
in Developing Areas (EPA Water
shed Academy), www.epa.gov/
owow/watershed/wacademy/
acad2000/protection
¦	EPA Information on Low Impact
Development, www.epa.gov/nps/
lidlit.html
¦	EPA Programs and Resources for
Smart Growth, www.epa.gov/livability
¦	EPA Wetlands Division,
www.epa.gov/owow/ wet 1 an ds
¦	Financing Brownfield Cleanup and
Redevelopment
(Northeast-Midwest Institute),
www.nemw.org/brownfin.htm
¦	Groundwater Foundation,
www.groundwater.org
¦	Know Your Watershed,
www.ctic.purdue.edu/KYW/
¦	Local Government Environmental
Assistance Network, www.lgean.org
¦	Model Ordinances to Protect Local
Resources (EPA),
www.epa.gov/owow/nps/ordinance
¦ Non-point Education for Municipal
Officials, www.nemo.uconn.edu
¦ Potential Roles for Clean Water State
Revolving Fund Programs in Smart
Growth Initiatives, (EPA)
www.epa.gov/owm/ pdfs/smartgro.pdf
¦ Smart Growth and the Clean Water
Act (Northeast-Midwest Institute),
www.nemw.org/SGCleanWater.pdf
¦ Smart Growth Network,
www.smartgrowth.org
Resource Centers
¦ US EPA Office ofWater Resource Center
(202)260-7786;
www.epa.gov/ogwdw/rescnter.html
¦ National Small Flows Clearinghouse,
(800)624-8301 orwww.nsfc.wvu.edu
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Protecting Water Resources
Case In Point Contacts
¦	Larimer County, CO
Larimer County Parks and Open Lands
1800 S. County Road 31
Loveland, CO 80537
Phone: (970)679-4561
Web site: www.co.larimer.co.us/
parks/openlands/tdu.htm
¦	Littleton, CO
Littleton Center
2255 W. Berry Ave.
Littleton, CO 80120
Phone: (303)795-3700
Web site: www.littletongov.org/
index.htm
¦	Bear River Watershed
Bear River Resource Conservation
and Development (RC&D)
1860 North 100 East
North Logan, UT 84341
Phone:(435)753-3871
Web site: www.bearriverrcd.org/
¦	Red River Basin, ND
Red River Basin Board
119 5th St South, Box 66
Moorhead, MN 56561-0066
Phone: (218)291-0422
Web site:
www.redriverbasinboard.org/
¦	North Denver, CO
Mayor's South Platte River Initiative
Denver Parks and Recreation Dept.
Phone: (303)964-2497
Web site:
www.denvergov.org/
South_Platte_River/template21157.asp
¦	Sioux Falls, SD
Sioux Falls Planning Department
224 West 9th Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57104
Phone: (605)367-8888
Web site: www.sioux-falls.org
Smart Growth Strategies
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1001JXH20
Printed on 100 percent recycled-content paper
with at least 20 percent postconsumer content
National Association of Counties
Counties Care for America
440 First Street, NW
Washington, DC 20001
202*393*6226
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Washngton, DC 20460
303-312*6056
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