This report has been prepared by the Emergency Operation
Control Center of the Air and Water Programs Division,
Region III. The major contributors to the report were:
Peter Finkelstein
Abraham Ferdas
Thomas Maslany
David Rehrer
Region III acknowledges with appreciation the air sampling
data provided by the State and local agencies in our Region;
also Region V for the Steubenville data.
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TABLE OF COrTTENTS
Part I Air Pollution Episode Report
Fart II Field Report
APPENDIX
A. Meteorological Data
B.. Episode Criteria
C. Air Quality Data
D. Industry Compliance in West Virginia
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REGION'III r- AIR POLLUTION EPISODE - JULY;- 1972
BACKGROUND
An air pollution episode occurs when adverse weather conditions -
usually low winds and a temperature inversion - permit, abnormally high
concentrations of pollutants to build up in the air. Certain locations
are more susceptible than others due to topography or heavy and.concentra-
ted industry.
The prime responsibility of preventing an air pollution emergency
rests with the state and local governments within the framework of the
Clean Air Act. However, the Environmental Protection Agency must take
emergency action when pollution sources present an "imminent and sub-
stantial endangerment" to human health and state and local authorities
have not acted to abate these sources. The Regional Office - Emergency
Operations Control Center (EOCC) - is set up to coordinate all Federal
activity during an episode, including data gathering, field work, public
relations, and legal action should it become necessary. The RQ-EOCC
has assisted state and local agencies in planning and acted as coordina-
tor between the state agencies for the past year.
EPISODE CRITERIA
A multiple stage air pollution episode procedure has been established
and approved by EPA. EPA requires at least two stages with appropriate
pollutant level criteria and actions to be taken. A four stage procedure
is suggested by EPA. The criteria can be found in the Appendix.
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FORECAST - A Forecast is triggered when a wea report from an EMSU
(Environmental Meteorological Support Unit) i nates adverse meteoro-
logical conditions are likely to produce stag . t air and elevated
pollution levels. The involved control agenc prepare for a possible
episode. The staff is alerted, and air quali . monitoring is increased.
ALERT - An Alert is triggered if any;one of tl pollutant levels criteria
is reached at any monitoring station and if ac erse weather conditions
are expected to last for 12 hours or more. Dc anding on the pollutant
involved, appropriate abatement of emissions i requested. Inspections
are made to assure compliance. The public is otified, advised to take
health precautions, and asked to voluntarily c t back on use of electricity.
WARNING - A Warning is triggered if any one of the pollutant level criteria
is reached at any one monitoring station and 1 poor weather is expected
to continue for 12 hours or longer. Pollution sources are ordered to make
further emission reductions in accord with pre-arranged schedules. Power
plants are directed to make maximum use of low ash, low sulfur fuels and
to import maximum power supplies available from outside the area to sub-
stitute for as much local generation as possible when there is an SC^/
particulate problem.
Inspectors continue to check compliance and action is taken against
violators.
The public is kept informed, advised to health precautions, and
asked to voluntarily reduce driving and the use of electricity.
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EMERGENCY - An Emergency is declared if any one;of the pollutant levels
for tills stage is recorded at any monitoring station and if adverse
weather is expected to continue for 12 hours*or more. Abatement actions
taken at the emergency stage to prevent "imminent and substantial endanger-
ment" to health. All operations in the affected area are to be shut
down, except those needed for public safety and health. Manufacturing
plants with prearranged emission reduction schedules are ordered.to put
maximum pollution abatement procedures into effect and to stop operations
if possible.
The public is informed of the worsening situation and health warn-
ings continued. Compliance inspections are continued and action taken
against violators.
Federal and State episode criteria may be different, but in all
cases, the State criteria must be as stringent or more stringent than
the Federal. Abatement actions at each level may also be different than
that suggested by EPA. It must be pointed out that the primary purpose
of the episode criteria and abatement is to prevent "imminent and subr-
stantial endangerment" to health. This is the short-term health effects
which accompany abnormal high concentrations of air pollution. The air
quality standards are the long-term goals of ambient air concentrations.
A comparison of episode criteria vs. air quality standards can be found
in the Appendix.
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On Monday, July 17, 1972, the Regional Office - EOCC was informed
of an Air Stagnation Advisory (A.S.A.) covering the State of Maryland,
State of Virginia, and the District of Columbia.. The Regional Office -
EOCC immediately began episode operations. Air quality data was requested
from the corresponding state agencies. The air quality values were not
high and no actions were taken.
On Tuesday, July 18, 1972,-the A.S.A. for Maryland, D.C., and
Virginia was continued. Oxidants levels exceeded 0.1 ppm, and an alert
was declared in the Baltimore and Washington areas. An A.S.A. was
declared for the northern and eastern areas of West Virginia. Routine
communications for data gathering were initiated with the West Virginia
Air Pollution Agency. Division Directors of Air & Water, Surveillance
and Analysis, and Public Affairs were notified of the situations.
On Wednesday, July 19, 1972, meteorological forecasts indicated that
the stagnation condition would be of significant duration, possibly for
five or more days, EOCC staff increased their activities in preparation
for possible episodes. Press releases were discussed with Public Affairs
Division.
On Thursday, the R0-E0CC was informed that the air quality for
particulate matter in Steubenville, Ohio had exceeded the alert level.
The Federal Alert level for particulate matter is 375 micrograms per
cubic meter or 3C0H for a 24-hour sample. The 24-hour average ending
at 12 Midnight on Wednesday, July 19, 1972, was 438 micrograms per cubic
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meter. Later Thursday morning, the RO-EOCC received updated air quality
data. An 8-hour sample of particulates from 1Z Midnight until 8:00 A.M.
was 578 micrograms per cubic meter. This increased the 24-hour reading
to 453 micrograms per cubic meter. The Warning level is 625.
The West Virginia Air Pollution Control Agency was informed of the
high levels in Stuebenville. They indicated that there was no problem
in the West Virginia northern panhandle. The values of air quality in
this area were on the order of 140-200 micrograms per cubic meter.
Stuebenville, Ohio is part of the same Interstate Air Quality Control
Region as Wheeling and Weirton, West Virginia. Within an Air Quality
Control Region, the air quality in one area is interdependent upon the
emissions from sources in another area. In other words, under certain
meteorological conditions, the emissions from sources in one state may
significantly contribute to the high air quality readings in an adjacent
state.
At approximately 2:30 P.M. on July 20, 1972, the Regional Office -
EOCC determined that based upon a gloomy meteorological forecast and
increasing pollutant levels, additional staff would definitely be needed.
A meeting was held to plan the strategy of the Regional Office and what
actions would be taken.
After a discussion of the situation and the possible actions needed,
it was decided to have two engineers and a lawyer in the field. The
basis of this action was as follows:
1. The high levels of particulate:matter in Stuebenville, Ohio.
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-6-
2. The upward trend of these levels.
3. The meteorological forecast of a prolonged stagnation.
4. The possibility that the emissions, from sources in West
Virginia would have to be abated in order to reduce the levels
of particulate in Stuebenville, Ohio.
5. The reluctance of the West Virginia Air Pollution Control
Agency to initiate abatement action because the levels of
particulate in West Virginia were only slightly above normal.
6.. Allegheny County, Pennsylvania was in and out of the alert
since Wed., July 19, 1972. Federal assistance may be requested.
The field personnel were dispatched as follows:
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania - Bernard Turlinski and Joseph Marino
Wheeling, West Virginia - John Rasnic
The function of these field personnel were as follows:
1. Validate sampling methods and analysis.
2. To assist, recommend, and check the actions taken by the West
Virginia Air Pollution Control Agency and Allegheny County, Pa.
3. Surveillance of sources if abatement is requested,
4. Assistance to the U.S. Attorney if injunctions were needed.
5. Provide a direct contact with the RO-EOCC in Philadelphia.
Additional staff on call for field work:
Baltimore - John Collins
Washington - Israel Milner, Chuck Miesse, Dan Ross
Philadelphia - Bill Belanger
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-7-
Office personnel were assigned to maintain communication with the
state and local agencies. They received relative air quality data and
assembled information on all actions to be taken by these agencies.
Delaware, Virginia - John Herring
Pennsylvania Pittsburgh John Silvasi, Kenneth Suter
D.C. Maryland - Michael Cribbins
West Virginia Thomas Maslany
The Regional Office - EOCC remained in the office to coordinate the
EPA Region III involvement. Peter Finkelstein was in charge, assisted
by Abraham Ferdas, Thomas Maslany, and David Rehrer.
A board was prepared on which all air quality data for the region
was tabulated. The significant readings were also posted on the topo-
graphic map of the Region in Room 264. An additional map of the Region
was prepared to display the areas which tfere presently under an Air
Stagnation Advisory. A duty roster was posted and updated. A telephone
list was compiled of all relevant telephone numbers.
Air quality data was received from the Region V office via Darryl
Tyler (EOCC, North Carolina) for Stuebenville, Ohio. Since readings of
particulate matter were high, and the increasing trend continued, plans
for abatement action would have to be prepared.
The Enforcement Division made arrangements for possible legal action.
Sample injunctions were prepared from the Birmingham papers. The appro-
priate U.S. Attornies were contacted and informed of the deteriorating
situation.
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The Public Affairs Division was informed of all significant events
during the episodes. Sample news releases were prepared with assistance
from members of the RO-EOCC-Task Force. Since state and local aeencies
maae appropriate news releases, it was jointly decided that an EPA
release would not be needed at this time..
EPA and the West Virginia Air Pollution Control Commission determined
the 10 major sources in the northern panhandle of West Virginia. Darryl
Tyler supplied information on what would be required to achieve "sub-
stantial cutback" for these 10 industries.
The values of particulate matter recording in West Virginia were
high, but not nearly as high as the values recorded in Stuebenville,
Ohio. Due to the low velocity and variable direction of the wind, there
was some question as to whether the West Virginia sources were actually
contributing to the high levels in Stuebenville. Also, the performance
of the instruments and the validity of the data had to be substantiated.
On Friday morning, July 21, 1972, at 1:00 A.M., a reading of 720
micrograms per cubic meter for an 8-hour sample was reported in Stueben-
ville, Ohio. This increased the 24-hour average to 610. The warning
criteria is 625. The West Virginia sources may have been particularly
responsible for the high level of particulate. The information was relayed
to the West Virginia Agency. After consultation with EPA field personnel,
the West Virginia Agency contacted 10 major industries to voluntarily
reduce emissions to the maximum extent possible. Written commitments
were received from nine industries on Friday afternoon.
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Windsor Power Plant in Beech Bottom failed to respond. Surveil-
lance of the other nine industries indicated that they had significantly
reduced emissions. The most flagrant violation in the valley was, how-
ever, the Windsor Power Plant. They were contacted by Carl Beard and
eventually shut down for the weekend.
On Friday morning, July 21, 1972, the RO-EOCC was informed of the
latest levels in the area. An eight-hour reading (12 Midnight to 8:00 A.M.)
of particulates was 906 micrograms per cubic meter in Steubenville.
This increased the 24-hour average to 719. The emergency stage is 875.
Other levels in the area "were higher than normal. The data was believed
to be valid, and abatement actions were continued until the situation
was improved. In the meantime, Ohio had obtained approximately 30 in-
junctions to abate emissions. The EPA field personnel were skeptical
of the actions taken by the Ohio air pollution agency and abatement of
emissions by the Ohio industries.
Also, the oxidant alerts declared in the Washington-Baltimore areas
continued. The RO-EOCC continued to receive meteorological data and air
quality data from this area. The Task Force of EOCC was informed of the
situation; however, field personnel for this area were not needed at this
time. However, our experts in traffic control did meet to discuss what
control measures might be used in an emergency.
Friday afternoon the particulate level in Stuebenville was reported
as 484 micrograms per cubic meter for the eight-hour period from 8:00 A.M.
to 4:00 P.M. This decreased the 24-hour average to 701, which still
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-10-
exceeded the warning criteria. Meteorological data indicated that the
stagnation would continue. It was decided that all. abatement actions
would continue. It will reamin unknown as to what level of particulate
matter would have been reached if the industries had not been asked to
substantially reduce emissions. It was the opinion of the office that
reductions in concentration were caused by reductions in emissions as well
as improving meteorological conditions.
On Saturday, July 22, 1972, the Regional Office - EOCC was manned
by Peter Finkelstein, Abraham Ferdas, Thomas Maslany, David Rehrer,
Sheila Dorr, and Diane Bissinger.
Communications continued with the EPA personnel in Wheeling and
Stuebenville. The level indicated a downward trend for particulates.
The eight-hour reading ending at 12 Midnight on July 21 was 249 micro-
grams per cubic meter. This further decreased the 24-hour average to
546. It was felt that the situation was under control and the reduction
of emissions was effective.
Meteorological forecast obtained for the western Pennsylvania and
West Virginia areas on Saturday indicated a continuation of present
conditions.
The meteorological forecast for the Washington-Baltimore area indi-
cated the conditions would improve. The A.S.A. was called off, but the
Washington area continued to have an oxidant problem since the reading
exceeded 0.1 ppm.
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vll^
The RO-EOCC reported all recent developments to the Regional EPA
supervisors.
On Sunday, July 23, 1972, the Regional Office -EOCC continued its
operations. The meteorological forecast indicated conditions would
improve. As of 8:00 A.M., the 24-hour average for particulates in
Stuebenville was down to 186 micrograms per cubic meter.
After consultation with EPA, the Ohio and West Virginia air pollution
control agencies decided to terminate the episode. The West Virginia
Air Pollution Control Commission contacted the industries to inform that
they may resume normal operations as of Sunday, July 23, 1972. The EPA
field staff returned to Philadelphia on Sunday night.
The RO-EOCC reported the recent development to the Regional Super-
visors. Surveillance of the oxidant problem in Washington continued
until Monday.
By going through this episode situation, a number of problems
surfaced which could pose serious difficulty to EPA in future episodes
should they not be solved. These include deficiencies in EPA regulations
and state implementation plans.
The most serious difficulty was presented by omissions in the state
plans, particularly West Virginia, which could have prevented them from
taking effective action. For example, West Virginia's laws only require
them to respond to air pollution levels in West Virginia and not to those
levels which are measured across the river in Ohio, even though the
Stuebenville area is the same Air Quality Control Region. It should be
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pointed out that West Virginia is not alone in having tms aeiicit in
its plan. Delaware and Virginia also specify in their plans that all
episode actions are to be based upon levels measured within the state.
The second problem lies with the kind of measurements needed for
episode action. The West Virginia criteria mentions only COHS for
particulate measurement. The assumption is that the COHS will correlate
with particulates as measured by a Hi-Vol. However, in this episode,
there was no correlation between the two, thus the state did not meet
the legal criteria for alert action, even though the particulate measure*-
ments made with a Hi-Vol were above the Federal warning criteria.
The problem with Hi-Vol measurements brings up the fact that while
hi vol data may be significantly higher than tape samples, there is no
approved method for measuring the weight of the filter in less than
24 hours. This is not fast enough for rapidly developing episode
situations.
Another problem which confronted the office more directly was that
EPA cannot enforce a states episode implementation plan, should the state
fail to do so, without either giving a 30~day notice or taking a 303
action. This removes the possibility of ordering remedial action by
industry at an intermediate step of an episode and forces the agency to
wait for a much more serious episode to develop.
The final problem was one of communication and coordination in an
episode. The various parts of EPA (Reg.Ill & V, EOCC, OGC) were not
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-13-
well informed about the actions and responsibilities of the other
involved parties. This led to some confusion and delay. To remedy
this situation, much closer contact should be maintained throughout
the agency during an episode.
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ACTIONS TAKEN BY JOHN RASNIC RELATIVE TO THE AIR POLLUTION EPISODE
IN THE WEIRT0N-STUEBENVILL5 AREA BETWEEN JULY 20-23, 1972
Acting on a call from Region V to Region III relative to high
levels of suspended particulates being recorded in the Stuebenville
area and an impression that these levels were worsening and that the
State of West Virginia was not taking appropriate action, I made
arrangements to fly to Pittsburgh and drive to Wheeling, West Vir-
ginia to meet with the State to discuss the situation and decide on
the courses of action that would be necessary if levels continued to
rise.
I arrived in Wheeling between 9:30 and 10 p.m. Thursday evening.
In about half an hour, a representative from the State of West Virginia,
Bob Lawyer, Deputy Director of the Air Pollution Control Commission
also arrived. We discussed the situation in Wierton and Stuebenville,
and it was the impression that the general situation in the area was
not as bad as was being reported by the Stuebenville office. Mr.
Lawyer asked why I was there and what actions I would be taking. I
indicated I was there as a precautionary measure to see that those
actions that are required under the emergency episode plan were carried
out, and in the event that these actions were not promptly initiated
at the required times, that the Environmental Protection Agency would
be ready to take those necessary actions. However, I made it clear
to Mr. Lawyer that it was the responsibility of the. State of West
Virginia to take appropriate action, and that we would only act if
they failed to.
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There was discussion concerning the actions that West Virginia
could take because of the wording of their emergency episode plan in
that it requires high readings in the State of West Virginia of
which there were no high readings. This was further complicated by
the fact that we were not receiving from West Virginia air quality
data on suspended particulates from the high volume sampling apparatus.
Their readings were all in coefficient of ha2e (COH). It should be
pointed out that the State of West Virginia's emergency plan does not
address itself to suspended particulates measured by the high volume
except at the substantial endangerment level of 1000 West
Virginia that evening was putting out suspended particulate high
volume filters in order to define those levels in West Virginia
which had not previously been defined. Also, there was some dis-
cussion relative to the validity of the data being obtained from the
Stuebenville office and on the procedures that were being implemented
by that Office for processing the filters. The Federal Register calls
for a 24 hour equilibration period, however, under the episode con-
ditions this was not possible. The filters were being dessicated for
about an hour then removed to an unenvironmentally controlled room
for weighing.
At 4:15 am. on Friday, July 21, I received a call from Peter
Finkelstein indicating that levels in the Stuebenville area were
still on the increase and reported in the range of 720 micrograms
per cubic meter for an eight-hour average between 4 p.m. Thursday
afternoon and 12 midnight. Immediately I called Bob Lawyer and re-
layed to him the information we had received and indicated that I
felt action should be initiated to curtail industrial operations in
the area. Mr. Lawyer then called Carl Beard, Director of the West
-------
Virginia Air Pollution Control Commission, at about 4:30 sum and
described to him the situation and the request that was being made
by EPA. It was agreed that ten industries in the northern pan-
handle area would be contacted and asked to curtail their operations.
They are as follows:
1. Ohio Power Company - Dammer Plant
2. Ohio Power Company - Mitchell Plant
3. Mobay Chemical Company
4. Industrial Chemicals Division, Allied Chemical Corp.
5. Wierton Steel Division, National Steel Corp.
6. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Industries, Inc.
7. Specialty Chemicals Division, Allied Chemical Corp.
8. Wheeling Pittsburgh Steel Corp.
9. Windsor Power Plant at Beech Bottom
10. Koppers Follansbee Plant
At 4:45 am, I talked with Paul DePerien in Stuebenville from
the Region V office. He indicated to me that Ohio had already taken
some action to curtail industrial operations by obtaining injunctions
against 30 major industries. I might note that the actual number of
injunctions has fluctuated from conversation to conversation and am
still not positive as to the actual number of injunctions that were
obtained. I advised Mr. DePerien of the actions that were being
taken by the State of West Virginia to curtail industrial operations.
At 5:00 am I talked with Mr. Joe Marino in Pittsburgh relative
to the situation of which he was aware and the actions I had asked
West Virginia to take. Joe's main concern at that time was if West
Virginia failed to take action, then it would be necessary for EPA
-------
to take action or if an industry failed to respond to the State
of West Virginia and the State failed to adequately handle that
non-response by some recall manuever, then EPA would have to take
action. I told him that to my knowledge, the industries that had
been contacted at that time, all were responding to West Virginia's
request and that we would be in contact should a company be recalcitrant.
I then returned to Mr. Lawyer's room to determine the actions
that were being taken and the companies that were being contacted.
He indicated to me that he had talked to Houston Wood, Director of
Environmental Control, at Weirton Steel, and that the following actions
were being taken: all small boilers were completely switched from
coal to gas, one large boiler was switched from coal to gas, another
large boiler was switched partially from coal to gas. The reason for
not switching the boiler to all gas was because they were curtailing
their coking operations which in effect did not produce sufficient
gas for that boiler. They slowed down their coking cycle to a 24-hour
cycle and reduced steam production.
Wheeling Pittsburgh Steel plant, under the direction of Mr.
Petit, Plant Manager, indicated that they had as early as yesterday,
which would have been the 20th, reduced their coal burning at two
boilers and switched to gas and slowed their coking cycle to 24 hours.
Mr. Heitger, Plant Manager for Koppers Company, indicated that
they had taken one pulverized boiler out of service and one distill-
ation column out of service.
-4-
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Mr. E. L. Huntley, of the Beech Bottom Windsor Power Plaint,
was contacted, and indicated that they would take steps to clean
up their stacks by maintaining good combustion controls and refrain
from soot blowing. Also, they would investigate the possibility of
load switching.
Mr. Cecil Shay, of the Ohio Power Company*s Kammer-Mitchell
plant, was contacted and said they had cut back on interruptables
yesterday, which would have been Thursday, and were investigating
load switching possibilities.
Mr. Don Roy of Pittsburgh Plate Glass was contacted and he
indicated at the time that they would cut back; however, he was not
positive of the actual actions that would be taken.
Mr. Lawyer continued to contact Mobay Chemical Company and
Allied Chemical Company for their reduction plan.
At 5:30 am, I called Mr. Wassersug and indicated to him the
actions we had taken. Mr. Wassersug advised that we should get
written commitments from these companies as soon as possible as to
the actual actions that they had taken and those actions that they
would take. He also urged that the press be notified in order that
the public could be alerted to the situation of pollution build up
in the area.
At 6:00 am, I talked with Carl Beard and indicated that we
would need these written commitments from the companies and that
we felt he should notify the press in order that the public could be
alerted. He told me that he would be in contact with the Governor
and that probably his Governor would make the statement. However,
the Governor may not get out of bed before 9:00 am. I indicated that
we felt that some statement should be made by either his office or
_t5-
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Ihr I . ? '* ki}i4 d he would let me know '
. /I'..-- ' ¦
a&l':'""V- t":.'V v.
"-V . . .
- a v.vth le indicated that his
¦ ¦: '^:alci .. . .; = r' probably would not be
'V- occ ¦aitil 'a: -. . ::-a} : ¦ felt we had an obligation
the p"- " ¦ "*, . do -¦-¦
th&n--, CcV.;.'.t ¦ -¦ V.'I ¦¦¦ z.ni-i him of my conversations
vrlth. :M;t:«. Beard :. with the press release.
''.-'lis read to me .J- - \ ~ :'n I suggested, some changes,
"j'V'Y' "
¦ one' .deallag vi'-h t'< s [ uality in Wierton, West
Virginia K-.-d... . - > me indicated that this
was no-t "c-rr-c:;i-iqh i: -c- '-- are in Stuebenville.
The otnsx deal-'": t-v ¦¦:"¦ -\tj-cs- .1 he State of West Virginia
-ted 'feid.sd 'co ¦¦I -i.ra- t ; ¦ y incorrect and that West
v'i:tgi.u;la v.u.,;, ¦ ¦ question at this point as
'..'liar, ac: iii or;... ¦¦¦, x-y-il; taken had the Environmental
ifTotecxicn Ageiy.-:-' n>. ;v.; ::e the State.
Krc. Lavyir.: >.-¦ - pro^:-- ¦ "erence at 9:00 am, Friday
corning, to i^.c' ¦ iv.A, - 'Jio:vs tb"A: ¦' State was talking. The
: te cx Ue.^t V.Lj:c ' - "o-ce; - .g industry for written com-
.. ' --Mits ;:,nd- e ~ . :ons. Mr. Beard arrived in
riiieeiinoj 'tiezx V;:.- 11:00 am, Friday morning,
¦ &t-¦¦ .y; ¦ 't:he-. . X d information that levels had
Jtitr.r. ,?d "o %-. - ' .c meter in an eight-hour
3 i :: ' :. v:V." -.. o . 1, ; am, Friday morning. At this.
Sa-v:; . , : ad validity of the data in
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Stuebenville. Conditions as observed in the atmosphere did not
appear that drastic.
As a result of the 906 reading which I had received about
11:00 am and the sense of urgency that was related to me from the
Regional Office in Philadelphia, I felt a careful examination of
the air quality data as it related to a 24-hour average and levels
that are prescribed in the Federal Register was needed. The running
24-hour average at that time was 719 micrograms per cubic meter.
This was approximately half way between the warning level and the
emergency level of 875 prescribed in the Federal Register. Should
a level for the next eight hour's approach 1,000 micrograms per cubic
meter, then the emergency level criteria would be satisfied and
actions would have to be taken which, in effect, would be to shut
down the industry.
In order to assess and attempt to predict what levels we
would expect, I felt it was necessary to visit the area, observe
the conditions, and arrive at some rational conclusion. It was the
opinion that if meteorological conditions existed in Weirton-
Stuebenville as existed in the Wheeling area in that there appeared
to be vertical dispersion, a detectable breeze, formations of cumulus
clouds, and improved visibility, we would not expect the 1,000 micro-
grams to be recorded during the next eight hours.
At that time, we decided "to tour the West Virginia industry and
visit the Stuebenville office. It was my understanding also that
Mr. Marino and Mr. Turlinski were being advised of the deteriorating
situation and they would be coming to Wheeling to make the proper con-
tacts with the U. S. Attorney's Office, Mr. Camiletti.
-------
We then left Wheeling and drove north to Wierton, observing
industry as we proceeded. The most obvious and flagrant pollution
source was the Beech Bottom Windsor Power Plant. (I will restrict
my comments to industry on the West Virginia side of the river.
There were obvious pollution sources still emitting in Ohio.) The
Wheeling Pittsburgh plant appeared to have cut back on operations and
was not as bad as the coke plant usually is. This same statement
would apply to Koppers and Wierton Steel. The general appearance
and observation of the sources and of the ambient air indicated a
definite improvement, and it was the feeling among myself, Mr. Beard,
and Mr. Lawyer that the situation must have drastically improved and
that the ambient air at that time would not be approaching emergency
levels.
We then drove to the Stuebenville office where I talked with
Ron Malatesta of Region V concerning the situation. He was quite
concerned about the actions being taken by the State of West Virginia
and felt that they were totally inadequate because there was no hammer
hanging over industries' head as was the case in Ohio, where they had
obtained injunctions. I explained to Mr. Malatesta that I felt industry
was responding to West Virginia's request and that regardless of the
mechanism used to effect compliance, our main concern was that com-
pliance was accomplished.
West Virginia was taking the same actions that Ohio had taken and
maybe even more. It is my understanding that Ohio had only asked for
cessation of open burning and incineration.
-8-
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Mr. Malatesta did not have a copy that he could furnish me of the
injunctions. Therefore, I am not sure as to the exact actions that
were required of industry in Ohio. The actions that West Virginia
had taken followed the same line that would be required under the
warning stage of the alert procedures. West Virginia had taken this
action prior to Ohio declaring a warning at 11:00 a.m. Therefore,
it was felt by West Virginia that they had taken action starting at
4:30 a.m. as required by the warning level, whereas Ohio may not have
taken action until 11:00 am. when they declared a warning.
Mr. Malatesta also complained that they were unable to get data
from the State of West Virginia. I told him that if he was unable
to get data, it was probably because West Virginia had no data,
especially data on suspended particulates from a high volume sampler.
I would discuss the data situation with the State of West Virginia in
order to resolve the problem. I also indicated to Mr. Malatesta the
need for West Virginia to receive promptly the data from Stuebenville
since their actions were completely dictated by the readings being
recorded in Stuebenville.
Mr. Beard from West Virginia met with the State Health Commissioner
and Mr. Wonderle from the State of Ohio concerning the situation at
that time. There was an agreement of cooperation and the need to take
reasonable actions by each State.
I observed the high volume sampler located on the roof of the
building with a representative from Ohio and West Virginia. The high
-9
-------
volume sampler was a typical design located in an aluminum V roof
shelter with a recording flow chart and a buck and boost transformer.
The average flow of a clean filter was between 30 to 35 CFM.
We left Stuebenville in early afternoon and drove back to
Wheeling in order that I could meet with "the U. S. Attorney and
Daryl Tyler's group that was coming in from North Carolina. On
the way back a decision was made between Mr. Beard, Mr. Lawyer, and
myself that if possible, the Beech Bottom Windsor Power Plant should
be shut down.
This was based on several factors as follows:
1. It was the most flagrant violation in the valley.
2. It received the most complaints from Ohio. In fact
they had shown us several pictures of the plant that they had taken.
3. There was some indication that the power plant was
being shut down for clean-up for one day.
4. The power plant is scheduled to go out of operation
in 1973, which would indicate a state of repair may not be very good.
When we returned to Wheeling, the power company was contacted,
and they indicated they had cut their power from 240 megawatts to
100 megawatts, and that if they shut back completeky, it might cause
a black out. However, Mr. Beard felt that this was only talk without
substance. He then talked with someone higher up in the company,
and they agreed to shut down the power plant until Monday morning.
I visited the U. S. Attorney's office at about 6:00 pm and dis-
cussed with him the situation as I felt it existed at the present
time. Also, I was in contact with the Regional Office in Philadelphia
and was made aware of the reading in Stuebenville for the past eight
-10-
-------
hours of 484 micrograms per cubic meter. This seemed to bear out
the fact that conditions v/are definitely improving in the area.
Our concern at that time was the next reading of which there was a
possibility that the levels would again elevate during the evening
hours.
Mr. Darryl Tyler arrived about 9:00 pm with experts on health
effects and engineers that were familiar with plant processes in
order that injunctions could be drafted and backed up with health
statistics should that be necessary.
We felt at that time that the reading from Stuebenville for the
next eight hours would be very important as to the actions that would
be necessary. The high volume sample would be removed at 1:00 am,
Saturday morning, of which we should get an answer between 2 and 2:30 am.
If this reading should have elevated to 700 to 800 micrograms per
cubic meter, and there was no improvement in meteorology forecasts,
action would probably have to be taken.
We left the U. S. Attorney's office at about midnight and re-
turned to the motel to await that reading. At approximately 2:15,
I received a call from Carl Beard who was maintaining vigilance in
the Stuebenville office, and he indicated that to his knowledge, the
sample had not been removed and placed in the desicator for conditioning
prior to weighing. He was very disturbed that what appeared to be
the most critical sample because of the actions of which it could
dictate was not being promptly processed. I told him I would contact
the Stuebenville office and Darryl Tyler to see what the story was.
I foulftl out at that time that apparently every one had gone to bed.
-------
I tried to call the Stuebenville office and Region V people but
was unsuccessful due to a tie up in the telephones.
I then called Dairy1*Tyler and told him what the situation was.
He said he did not have any information and was waiting for the 12
midnight reading. He said he would try to get some answers and call
me back. He called me back between 4 and 4:30 am and indicated that
he had just talked with the Region V people, and apparently the sam-
ple had been removed but was not processed promptly after removal
but was held until all other samples in the Stuebenville area had
been collected. He said the conditioning of the samples was not in
the process of being effected and that we should have a reading within
an hour. Darryl Tyler indicated he would still be in contact.
I was contacted again a little after 5:00 am, and apparently
Stuebenville had misplaced the tare weight of the filter and they
were arriving at some tare weight in order to reach a decision on
what the levels were on that sample. However, there was indications
the sample would be in the 2001s.
Around 6:00 am, the tare weight of the sample apparently was
located, and a final reading of 249 micrograms was recorded. I talked
with Carl Beard who shortly thereafter arrived back at the motel,
about the situation, and needless to say, he was very upset.
It was very apparent then that our observations as to the improve-
ment of the conditions were accurate. However, due to the continuing
adverse meteorological conditions, we would stay in the waiting status
-12-
-------
until such time as those conditions improved.
We continued to'maintain surveillance of the area and again
visited the Stuebenville office on Saturday morning to observe the
situation. Darryl Tyler was in a meeting at 10:00 am with Stueben-
ville officials concerning some medical evidence that Ohio was desiring
because of a turn down by a judge of some injunctions. Darryl Tyler
was unable to provide support to the Ohio agency because of the
remoteness of those industrial operations and the improvement of
the conditions.
We then returned to Wheeling to go over the situation and
obtain data that had been collected from the West Virginia agency
on conditions in the Wierton-Stuebenville area, reviewing these
results from a standpoint that winds were now carrying any pollutants
toward West Virginia rather than from West Virginia to Ohio. We
continued in the current status because forecasts of meteorological
conditions did not show improvement.
On Sunday morning, I received information from the Regional
Office that levels were up again, down again, depending on the time
of day the samples were collected which could be expected for the
area. We received at approximately 11:00 am an indication from the
Weather Bureau that a frontal system would be moving down over the
Western panhandle at 4:00 pm, lifting the air stagnation advisory.
At that time, we contacted the Stuebenville office and discussed
the situation, and an agreement was reached that the conditions had
-13-
-------
improved and that there was no future danger, and the episode
should be called off.
Mr. Beard then proceeded to contact those industries involved
to advise them that conditions were basically back to normal and
that they could resume normal operations. Also, he advised the news
media. We left at approximately 2:00 p.m, Sunday afternoon. I
thanked Mr. Beard and his staff for their cooperation.
-14-
-------
APPENDIX A
METEOROLOGICAL DATA
Appendix A gives in detail the air stagnation conditions in
Region III during the episode period.
The actions taken are summarized by individual Environmental
Meteorological support units in our Region.
The Air Stagnation Advisories for each day during the episode
are shown on the maps. The Air Stagnation areas are enclosed by the
heavy lines. By July 24, 1972, there were no stagnation conditions
in our Region.
-------
Summary of Air Stagnation Advisories Conditions
For the Period of July 17 to July 24
Pittsburgh, Pa. EMSU*
Tuesday, July 18, 11 a.m. - All state and local agencies notified
of stagnating conditions and possible advisory.
Wednesday, July 19,-11 a.m. - Gave statement on stagnation problem.
Thursday, July 20, 9 a.m. Issued Air Stagnation Advisory for
Western Pennsylvania, Northern Panhandle of West Virginia, and two
counties in Ohio.
Sunday, July 23, 3 p.m. - Air Stagnation Advisory terminated.
Charleston, W. Va. EMSU
Tuesday, July 18, 12 noon - Issued Air Stagnation Advisory for
Eastern West Virginia.
Wednesday, July 19, 5 p.m. - Issued Air Stagnation Advisory for
all West Virginia.
Saturday, July 22, 11 a.m. - Terminated ASA for Eastern Panhandle
of West Virginia.
Sunday, July 23, 11 a.m. - Terminated ASA for Northern West Virginia.
Monday, July 24, 11 a.m. - Terminated ASA for the rest of West
Virginia.
Washington. D. C. EMSU
Monday, July 17, 11 a.m. - Issued ASA for all Maryland, Virginia,
and D. C.
Friday, July 21, 3 p.m. - Terminated for Maryland, D. C. and
Northern and Eastern Virginia.
Saturday, July 22, 11 a.m. - Terminated for all Virginia except
westernmost counties.
Monday, July 24, 11 a.m. - Terminated for remaining western counties
of Virginia.
Philadelphia, Pa. EMSU - No ASA conditions during the given time period.
* EMSU - Environmental Meteorological Support Unit.
-------
ASA Assignment Office
Areas
Charleston, W. Va. EMSU
Philadelphia, Pa. EMSU
Pittsburgh, Pa. EMSU
Washington, D. C. EMSU
West Virginia except Hancock, Broome,
Ohio, and Marshall Counties
Eastern Pennsylvania; Southern New
Jersey; Delaware
Western Pennsylvania, Belmont and
Jefferson Counties, Ohio; Hancock,
Broome, Ohio; and Marshall Counties,
West Virginia
Maryland; Virginia; District of Columbia
- 2 -
-------
]«ly I?
HLADCLPMIA
«(3T0N
OCEAN
-------
Av\y I *C
-------
iv)y / J
-------
20
>HLAOCU>HIA
-------
Xly XI
HILAOSLPHU
KILMfNGTOM
-------
»MO.AOeiPWA
-------
<]v\y bz
-------
APPENDIX B
EPISODE CRITERIA
The first table shows the suggested levels for episode criteria
which appeared in the Federal Register on August 14, 1971 and amended
on October 23, 1971 (40 CFR 51.16 and Appendix L),
The remaining tables show the episode criteria for individual
states and jurisdictions.
-------
FEDERAL EPISODE CRITERIA
Forecast
Alert
Warning
Emergency
Termination
Substantial
Endanger
so2
/(g/raj/
Ppm
PART.
3
<(g/m
-""con
S02 X PART,
"ppm COH
CO
,/ ppm
OX
3
/*g/m ~
"'ppm
NO
/ 3
^g/m >
^ppm
NO AIR Ql
FRC
ALITY CRITE'
M N.W.S.
IIA - ONLY A
[R STAGNATIO
* ADVISORY
800/
^0.3
(24 Hours)
375/
/3.0
(24 Hours)
65 X 10 V
/ 0.2
(24 Hours)
17/
/is
(8 Hours)
200/
Xo.i
(1 Hour)
U%.6
(1 Hour)
2%.15
(24 Hout
1,600/
/u .6
625/
/5.0
261 X 10V
/"0.8
34/
^30
800/
/0.4
2260/
S±.l
565/
/0.3
2,100/
/0.8
o
00
393 X 10^
/1.2
46/
/40
1,200/
/0.6
3000/
/1.6
750/
Z^.4
AIR QUALITY
LONGER
CRITERIA Al
D METEOROLOt
;ical condit:
:0NS ARE NO
2,600/
/1.0
1,000/
/^8.0
490 X lO^
-"T.5
57'Mo (8Hr
86 '^5 (4Hr
1^f25 (lHr
m%.h (4Hr
120/%.6(2Hr
14%.7(lHr
3750/
/2.0
'X.5
-------
-------
-------
ALLEGHENY COUNTY
EPISODE CRITERIA
POLLUTANT
ALERT
WARNING
EMERGENCY
S02
24 hour avg.
0.30 ppm
0.4 ppm, 121]
0.50 ppm
r. 0.60 ppm,12hr.
0.80 ppm
PART.
24 hour avg.
3.0 COH
4.0C0H,12hr
6.0 COH
7.0 COH, 12 hr
7.0 COH
S02 X PART.
24 hr. Product
0.2
0.3, 12 hr
1.0
1.5, 12 hr
1.4
CO
8 hr.av.
15 ppm
30 ppm
. 40 ppm
4 hr. av.
1 hr. av.
OX
4 hr. av.
0.25 "ppm
0.35 ppm
2 hr. av.
1 hr. av.
N02
1 hr. av.
24 hr, av.
0.30 ppm
0.40 ppm
-------
WEST VIRGINIA
EPISODE CRITERIA
POLLUTANT
ALERT
WARNING
EMERGENCY
so2
24 hour avg.
0.3 ppm
0.6 ppm
0.8 ppm
PART.
24 hour avg.
3> COH
5 COH
7.0 COH
S02 X PART.
24 hr. Product
0.2
0.8
1.2
CO
8 hr.av.
15 ppm
30 ppm
40 ppm
4 hr. av.
1 hr. av.
OX
4 hr. av.
2 hr. av.
1 hr. av.
0.1 ppm
0.4 ppm
0.6 ppm
no2
1 hr. av.
24 hr. av.
0.15 ppm
0.30 ppm
0.40 ppm
-------
PENNSYLVANIA & PHILADELPHIA
EPISODE CRITERIA
POLLUTANT
ALERT
WARNING
EMERGENCY
S°2
24 hour avg.
0.3 ppm
6 hr.
0.5 ppm
6 hr.
0.6 ppm
24 hr.
PART.
24 hour avg.
4.0 COH
6 hr.
6.0 COH
6 hr.
7.0 COH
24 hr.
S02 X PART.
24 hr. Product
0.3
0.9
1.4
CO
8 hr.av.
30 ppm
40 ppm
4 hr. av.
1 hr. av.
OX
4 hr. av.
0.25 ppm
0.35 ppm
2 hr. av.
1 hr. av.
no2
1 hr. av.
24 hr. av.
0,2 ppm
0,3 ppm
0.4 ppm
-------
DELAWARE
EPISODE CRITERIA
POLLUTANT
ALERT
WARNING
. EMERGENCY
S02
24 hour avg.
0.30 ppm
6 hr.
0.50 ppm
6 hr.
0.60
.24 hr.
PART.
24 hour avg.
4.0 COH
6 hr.
6.0 COH
6 hr.
7.0 COH
24 hr.
.
S02 X PART.
24 hr. Product
0.50
0.90
1.40
CO
8 hr.av.
40 ppm
4 hr. av.
1 hr. av.
OX
4 hr. av.
0.25' ppm
0.35
2 hr. av.
1 hr. av.
N02
1 hr. av.
24 hr. av.
0.20 ppm
0.30 ppm
0.40
-------
APPENDIX C
AIR QUALITY DATA
Appendix C is a summary of the air qualit data of the areas under
stagnation conditions during the episode peric ;. The data is part of
the total data received directly by the Region 1 EOCC from the states
and local agencies in our Region during the ep '.oode.
The Baltimore and Metropolitan Washington.. D.C. data includes only
oxidant readings. Oxidants were the only pollutant which reached alert
levels in these two areas.
The data for the West Virginia panhandle area includes also the
data for Stuebenville, Ohio due to being the highest readings in the
area. Charleston, W.Va. data is included for completeness.
Data from Allegheny County for "July 20th and 21st for the two
highest stations are also included.
-------
AIR QUALITY DATA
OXIDANTS (ppm)
BALTIMORE
7/14/72 - Friday Hours
Oxidants 8 9 10 11 12
#1 Baltimore-Downtown
#2 Baltimore-Calvert .01 .06 .09 .11 .13 .19 .16
7/15/72 - Saturday
Oxidants 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8_
#1 Baltimore-Downtown
#2 Baltimore-Calvert .03 .05 .07 .10 .10 .09 .08 ,07 .07 .06 .05
7/16/72 - Sunday
No Data
-------
AIR QUALITY DATA
OXIDANTS (ppm)
BALTIMORE
7/17/72 - Monday Hourg
Oxidants 8 9 10 11 12
#1 Baltimore-Downtown
#2 Baltimore-Calvert .12
7/18/72 - Tuesday
Oxidants 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
#1 Baltimore-Downtown
#2 Baltimore-Calvert .06 .07 .08 .06 - .12 - .08 .09
-------
AIR QUALITY DATA
OXIDANTS (ppm)
BALTIMORE
7/19/72 - Wednesday Hours
Oxidants 8 9 10 11 12. 1 2 3 4 5 6
#1 Baltimore-Downtown
#2 Baltimore-Calvert 0 .08 .10 .10 .13 .13 .15 .17 .20 .19
7/20/72 - Thursday
Oxidants 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
//I Baltimore-Downtown
#2 Baltimore-Calvert
0 .02 .07 .10 .11 .10 .11 .07
-------
AIR QUALITY DATA
OXIDANTS (ppm)
BALTIMORE
7/21/72 - Friday Hours
Oxidants 8 9 ,lp 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
#1 Baltimore-Downtown
#2 Baltimore-Calvert 0 .04 .08 .09 .10 .10 .11
7/22/72 - Saturday
Oxidants
8
9 10
11
12
1
#1 Baltimore-Downtown
.04
.05
.06
#2 Baltimore-Calvert
.04
.05
.06
.07
-------
AIR QUALITY DATA
OXIDANTS (ppm)
METROPOLITAN WASHINGTON, D. C.
7/14/72 - Friday
Hours
Oxidants
10
11
12
#3 Suitland
#4 Hyattesville
#5 Silver Spring
#6 Bethesda
CAMP
Alexandria
Arlington
Fairfax
.02 .06 .10 .13 .14 .12 .11
7/15/72 - Saturday
Oxidants 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ~8~
//3 Suitland
#4 Hyattesville
#5 Silver Spring
#6 Bethesda .03 .05 .07 .08 .09 .08 .08 .07 .06 .06 .05
CAMP
Alexandria
Arlington
Fairfax
7/16/72 - Sunday
No Data
-------
AIR QUALITY DATA
OXIDANTS (ppm)
METROPOLITAN WASHINGTON, D. C,
7/17/72 - Monday
Hours
Oxidants
10 11 12
#3 Suitland
#4 Hyattesville
#5 Silver Spring
#6 Bethesda
CAMP
Alexandria
Arlington
Fairfax
.10 .10 .089 .066 .06
7/18/72 - Tuesday
Oxidants
89 10 11 12 12345678
#3 Suitland
#4 Hyattesville
#5 Silver Spring
#6 Bethesda
CAMP
Alexandria
Arlington
Fairfax
.03 .05 .06 .09
.06
.08
.05 .05
.009 .014 .032 .057 .063 .079 .082 .11 .12 .06 .08
-------
AIR QUALITY DATA
OXIDANTS (ppm)
7/19/72 - Wednesday
7/20/72 - Thursday
METROPOLITAN WASHINGTON, D. C,
Hours
Oxidants 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
#3 Suitland
U Hyattesville .01 - .03 .07 .12 .17 .16 .15 .07 .02
#5 Silver Spring
#6 Bethesda
CAMP .012 .014 .024 .048 .069 .096 .089 .11 .082
Alexandria
Arlington
Fairfax
Oxidants 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6
#3 Suitland
#4 Hyattesville 0 .01 .06 .07 .08 .10 .13 .14 -
#5 Silver Spring
#6 Bethesda
CAMP .014 .019 .04 .06 .08 .10 .10 .11 .10
Alexandria
Arlington
Fairfax
-------
AIR QUALITY DATA
OXIDANTS (ppm)
METROPOLITAN WASHINGTON, D. C.
7/21/72 Friday
Oxidants
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
#3 Suitland
#4 Hyattesville
.02
.06
.11
.13
.18
.18
.19
#5 Silver Spring
.02
.05
.07
.08
.10
.10
.12
#6 Bethesda
.01
.04
.06
.08
.09
.09
.08
CAMP
.014
.022
.037
.066
.082
.096
.096
.093
Alexandria
Arlington
Fairfax
7/22/72 - Saturday
Oxidants
8
9
10
11
12
1
2 3 4 5 6
#3 Suitland
.08
.08
.09
.10
#4 Hyattesville
.11
#5 Silver Spring
.05
.05
.05
.06
#6 Bethesda
.06
.07
.07
.08
CAMP
.05
.05
.05
.07
.066
Alexandria
.027
.033
.03
.039
Arlington
.081
.058
.068
Fairfax
.054
.050
.051
-------
PARTICULATE LEVELS
STUEBENVILLE, OHIO
Site Location: Roof of City Hall, 308 Market Street
Sample Method: High Volume Sampler
. Running
8 hour Average
24 hour Average
Date
Time
^g/m3
-Mg/m3
7/18
4 p.m. - 12 mid.
324
7/19
12 mid. - 8 a.m.
532
7/19
8 a.m. - 4 p.m.
247
368
7/19
4 p.m. - 12 mid.
535
438
7/20
12 mid. - 8 a.m.
578
453
7/20
8 a.m. - 4 p.m.
540
551
7/20
4 p.m. - 12 mid.
712
610
7/21
12 mid. - 8 a.m.
906
719
7/21
8 a.m. - 4 p.m.
484
701
7/21
4 p.m. - 12 mid.
249
546
7/22
12 mid. - 8 a.m.
462
398
7/22
8 a.m. - 4 p.m.
206
306
7/22
4 p.m. - 12 mid.
130
278
7/23
12 mid. - 8 a.m.
226
186
-------
PARTICULATE LEVEL AT
STUEBENVILLE, OHIO
4 12 mid 8 4 12 mid 8 4 12 mid 8 4 12 mid 8 4 12 mid 8 4
July 18, 1972 19 20 21 22 2T
-------
PARTICULATE LEVEL AT
STUEBENVILLE, OHIO
-------
PARTICULATE LEVELS
STUEBENVILLE, OHIO
Site Location: Roof of City Hall, 308 Market Street
Sample Method: Tape Sampler
Running
8 hour Average 24 hour Average
Date
Time
COHs
COHs
7/18
4 p.m. - 12 mid.
2.3
7/19
12 mid. - 8 a.m.
2.4
7/19
8 a.m. - 4 p.m.
2.1
2.27
7/19
4 p.m. - 12 mid.
2.1
2.20
7/20
12 mid. - 8 a.m.
2.5
2.23
7/20
8 a.m. - 4 p.m.
2.2
2.27
7/20
4 p.m. - 12 mid.
4.23
2.98
7/21
12 mid. - 8 a.m.
2.2
2.88
7/21
8 a.m. - 4 p.m.
0.88
2.44
7/21
4 p.m. - 12 mid.
0.4
1.16
7/22
12 mid. - 8 a.m.
0.725
. .67
7/22
8 a.m. - 4 p.m.
7/22
4 p.m. - 12 mid.
7/23
12 mid. - 8 a.m.
-------
S02 LEVELS
CITY HALL, STUEBENVILLE, OHIO
Sample Method: Bubbler
Average: 8 hour
Reading
Date Time M. g/m3
7/18 16:00 - 24:00 169
7/19 00:00-08:00 172
08:00-16:00 106
16:00 - 24:00 78
7/20 00:00 - 08:00 115
08:00 - 16:00 41
16:00 - 24:00 143
7/21 00:00 - 08:00 253
08:00 - 16:00 61
16:00-24:00 93
7/22 00:00 - 08:00 152
08:00-16:00 102
16:00 - 24:00 75
7/23 00:00 - 08:00 55
BRILLIANT, OHIO
Sample Method: Bubbler
Average: 8 hour
Reading
Date Time >jg/itt3
7/20 08:00 - 16:00 79
16:00 - 24:00 80
7/21 00:00 - 08:00 81
08:00 - 16:00 60
-------
PARTICULATE LEVELS
Garfield School, Stuebenville, Ohio
Sample Method: High volume sampler
Average: 8 hours
Date Time
7/20
7/21
7/22
08:00
16:00
00:00
08:00
16:00
00:00
08:00
16:00
16:00
24:00
08:00
16:00
24:00
08:00
16:00
24:00
Brilliant, Ohio
Sample Method: High volume sampler
Averagei 8 hours
Date
7/20
7/21
7/22
Time
08:00
16:00
00:00
08:00
16:00
00:00
08:00
16:00
16:00
24:00
08:00
16:00
24:00
08:00
16:00
24:00
Mingo Junction, Ohio
Sample Method: High volume sampler
Average: 8 hours
Date
7/20
7/21
7/22
Time
08:00
16:00
00:00
08:00
16:00
00:00
08:00
16:00
16:00
24:00
08:00
16:00
24:00
08:00
16:00
24:00
Reading
g/m3
415
407
634
150
142
244
138
103
Reading
-M g/m3
372
570
492
286
265
122
Reading
M g/m3
270
492
448
171
255
360
160
146
-------
Toronto, Ohio
Sample Method: High volume sampler
Average: 8 hours
Reading
Date Time M g/m3
7/20 08:00 - 16:00 174
16:00 - 24:00 339
7/21 00:00-08:00 312
08:00 - 16:00
16:00 - 24:00 148
7/22 00:00-08:00 130
08:00 - 16:00 144
16:00 - 24:00 83
- 2 -
-------
S02 LEVELS
Site Location: Weirton, West Virginia
Sampler Method: Continuous (1 hour average)
Time
Reading
Date
G.S.T.
>fg/m3
7/2D
16:00
C
17:00
£13.1
7/21
06:00
?
07:00
£13.1
07:00
¦
08:00
41.9
08:00
09:00
69.0
09:00
10:00
44.5
10:00
11:00
23.5
11:00
-
12:00
20.9
12:00
-
13:00
18.3
13:00
-
14:00
113.1
14:00
15:00
18.3
15:00
-T
16:00
29.9
16:00
<
17:00
<13.1
7/22
00:00
>
01:00
£ 13.1
Time
Reading
E.S.
,T,
>ig/m3
01:00
02:00
15.7
02:00
03:00
18.3
03:00
-
04:00
20.9
04:00
-
05:00
20.9
05:00
-
06:00
26.2
06:00
-
07:00
36.6
07:00
-
08:00
54.9
08:00
-
09:00
39.3
09:00
-
10:00
18.3
10:00
-
11:000
15.7
11:00
-
12:00
<13.1
12:00
-
13:00
113.1
13:00
-
14:00
£ 13.1
-------
PARTICULATE LEVELS
FOLLANSBEE, WEST VIRGINIA
Site Location:
Sample- Method:
Date
7/18 - 7/19
7/19 - 7/20
7/21
7/21
7/22
7/22
7/22 - 7/23
Site Location:
Sample Method:
Date
7/18 - 7/19
7/19 - 7/20
7/21
7/21
7/22
7/22
7/22 - 7/23
Follansbee Middle School, Route 2
High Volume Sampler
Time - E.S.T.
(Approximate)
10:00
9:00
5:30
18:00
23:00
8:00
17:00
9:00
9:00
18:00
23:00
8:00
17:00
9:00
Average
(Approximate)
23
24
12
5
9
9
15
WEIRTON, WEST VIRGINIA
Public Library, Route 2
High Volume Sampler
Time - E.S.T.
(Approximate)
10:30
9:30
6:30
18:30
23:30
9:00
17:30
9:30
9:30
18:30
23:30
9:00
17:30
9:00
Average
(Approximate)
23
24
12
5
9
8
15
WELLSBURG, WEST VIRGINIA
Site Location: Central Elementary School, 15th Street
Sample Method: High Volume Sampler
Date
7/18 - 7/19
7/19 - 7/20
7/21
7/21
7/21 - 7/22
7/22
7/22 - 7/23
Time - E.S.T.
(Approximate)
9:30
8:30
5:00
17:00
23:00
8:00
17:00
8:30
8:30
17:00
23:00
8:00
17:00
8:30
Average
(Approximate)
23
24
12
6
9
9
16
Reading
Xg/m3
253
199
291
180
337
171
113
Reading
>^/m3
229
178
207
174
231
140
114
Reading
-Mg/m3
220
186
184
220
214
207
115
-------
MOUNDSVILLE, WEST VIRGINIA
Site Location: Central Grade School, 7th & Tomlinson Streets
Sample Method: High Volume Sampler
Date
7/18
7/19
7/21
7/22
7/19
7/20
7/22
7/23
Site Location:
Sample Method:
Date
7/18 - 7/19
7/19 - 7/20
7/21 - 7/22
7/22 - 7/23
Time - E.S.T.
(Approximate)
8:00
7:00
11:00
13:00
7:00
7:00
13:00
7:00
Average
(Approximate)
23
24
26
18
Reading
>fg/m3
166
144
117
145
BENWOOD, WEST VIRGINIA
Union High School, 1690 Marshall Street
High Volume Sampler
Time - E.S.T.
(Approximate)
8:00
7:00
11:00
-13:00
7:00
7:00
13:00
8:00
Average
(Approximate)
23
24
26
19
Reading
-4g/m3
137
143
114
135
NEW CUMBERLAND, WEST VIRGINIA
Site Locations Buck's Confectionary, Ridge Avenue
Time - E.S.T. Average Reading
Date (Approximate) (Approximate) /
-------
PARTICULATE AND S02 LEVELS
WHEELING, WEST VIRGINIA
Sample Method: High Volume Sampler
Date: July 22, 1972
Site Number Time
047
048
049
050
051
12 mid. - 12 mid.
12 mid. - 12 mid.
12 mid. - 12 mid.
12 mid. - 12 mid.
12 mid. - 12 mid.
Average
24
24
24
24
24
Site: Wheeling Air Pollution Office, Main Street
Sample Method: Tape sampler (particulate) and (SO2)
Note: All readings are continuous 2 hour averages
Part. Reading
Date Time COH
7/19
7/20
Xg/m3
Reading
113
133
105
85
92
SO2 Reading
>ig/m3
00:30
-
02:30
57.2
02:30
-
04:30
85.8
04:30
-
06:30
85.8
06:30
-
08:30
71.5
08:30
-
10:30 0.3
71.5
10:30
-
12:30
57.2
12:30
-
14:30
28.6
14:30
-
16:30
71.5
16:30
-
18:30
57.2
18:30
-
20:30
57.2
20:30
-
22:30 1.0
143.0
22:30
-
00:30
114.4
00:30
-
02:30
85.8
02:30
-
04:30
57.2
04:30
-
06:30
286.0
06:30
-
08:30
429.0
08:30
-
10:30
143.0
10:30
-
12:30
57.2
12:30
-
14:30
57.2
14:30
-
16:30
57.2
16:30
18:30
57.2
18:30
-
20:30
57.2
20:30
t
22:30
42.9
-------
Part. Reading SO2 Reading
Date Time COH ^g/m3
7/21 22:30 - 00:30 42.9
00:30 - 02:30 42.9
02:30-04:30 57.2
04:30 - 06:30 42.9
06:30 - 08:30 1.2 71.5
08:30 - 10:30 l.'o 100.1
10:30-12:30 0.3 57.2
12:30 - 14:30 0.3 42.9
14:30-16:30 0.3 42.9
16:30 - 18:30 0.5 28.6
18:30 - 20:30 0.5 28.6
20:30-22:30 0.5 42.9
7/22 22:30-02:30 0.6 42.9
02:30 - 04:30 0,3 42.9
04:30-06:30 0.6 42.9
06:30-08:30 0.4 42.9
08:30 - 10:30 0.5 57.2
10:30 - 12:30 0.5 42.9
12:30 - 14:30 0.6 28.6
14:30 - 16:30 0.3 28.6
- 2 -
-------
PARTICULATE LEVELS
KANAWHA VALLEY, WEST VIRGINIA
Site Location: Horace Mann Jr. High School, Charleston, West Virginia
Sample Method: High Volume Sampler
Time -E.S.T. Average Reading
Date (Approximate) (Approximate) >fg/m3
7/18 - 7/19 12:00 - 10:00 22 113
7/19 - 7/20 10:00 - 9:00 23 141
7/20 - 7/21 9:00 - 10:00 25 102
Site Location: West Virginia Tech., Montgomery, West Virginia
Sample Method: High Volume Sampler
Time E.S.T. Average Reading
Date (Approximate) (Approximate) >^g/m3
7/18 - 7/19 11:00 - 12:00. 25 273
7/19-7/20 12:00-11:00 23 390
7/20 - 7/21 11:00 - 11:00 24 330
7/23 - 7/24 14:00 - 7:00 17 265
Site Location: Nitro Grade School, Nitro, West Virginia
Sampler Method: High Volume Sampler
Time - E.S.T. Average Reading
Date (Approximate) (Approximate) m%/m3
7/18 - 7/19 10:00 - 10:00 24 63
7/19 - 7/20 10:00 - 10:00 24 120
7/20 - 7/21 10:00 - 10:00 24 64
Site Location: Charleston Federal Building, Charleston, West Virginia
Sample Method: High Volume Sampler
Time - E.S.T, Average Reading
Date (Approximate) (Approximate) ,ng/m3
7/18 - 7/19 9:00 - 9:00 24 118
7/19 - 7/20 9:00 - 9:00 24 155
7/20 - 7/21 9:00 - 9:00 24 106
7/21 - 7/22 9:00 - 9:00 24 184
7/22 - 7/23 9:00-9:00 24 133
-------
Site Location: Fallsview, West Virginia
Sample Method: High Volume Sampler
Time - E.S.T.
Average
Reading
Date
(Approximate)
(Approximate)
>ufg/m3
7/18 - 7/19
10:00 - 11:00
25
132
7/19 - 7/20
11:00 - 11:00
24
63
7/20 - 7/21
11:00 - 11:00
24
128
7/21 - 7/22
11:00 - 11:00
24
278
7/22 - 7/23
11:00 - 9:30
23
293
- 2 -
-------
ALLEGHENY COUNTY
- - -
SUMMARY FOR^THE PAST 24 HOURS _ '_
STATION DOWNTOWN " ' '.' ~
HOURLY 12 HOUR ' 24 HOUR 8 HOUR
S02 FP CO r WD WS S02 FP PRODUCT "" S02 """ FP " PRODUCT CO INDEX
DATE 7/20/1972 .
10-11 0.05 2.33 12.60 N.D. ** 0.03 4.60 0.16 0.03 3.94 0.12 16.21 125.39 (0)
11-12 0.02 1.80 10.50 N.D. ** 0.03 4.40 _ 0.15 0.03 _ _ 3.95 _ 0.12 16.13 ___ 125.78 <0)
12-13 0.02 1.30 11.00 N.D. ** 0.03 "" 4.22 * ~ 0.15 0.03 3.92 0.12 16.22 125.25 CO)
13-14 0.02 1.80 10.80 N.D. *# 0.03 4.10 0.14 0.03 3.94 0.13 16.09 125.94 <0)
14-15 0.03 3.88 13.90 N.D. ** 0.03 4.07 0.15 0.03 4.02 -0.13 15.72 128.51 (0)
15-16 0.05 5.86 16.80 N.D. ** 0.04 4.31 0.17 0.03 4.12 0.14 13.97 132.05 (0)
16-17 0.04 5.86 14.10 N.D. ** 0.04 4.47 0.18 0.03 4.15 0.15 13.06 132.98 (0>
17-18 0.05 1.86 8.90 N.D. ** _ 0.04 _____ 4.23 0.18 _ 0.03 4.05 0.15 12.32 130.SB 10^.
18-19 0.04 1.75 ~ 12.30 N.D. ** 0.04 3.88 0.17 0.03 3.96 0. 13 12.29 126.94' (0)
19-20 0.01 1.50 11.40 N.D. ** 0.04 3.25 0^13 0.03 3.89 0il2 12.40 124.20 (0)
20-21 0.02 1.69 9.80 N.D. ** 0.04 2.83 0.11 0.03 3.80 0.12 12.25 121.41 (0)
21-22 0.02 1.93 13.00 N.D. ** 0.04 2.63 0.10 0.03 3.69 0.11 12.53 118.20 (0)
22-23 0.02 2.38 13.50 N.D. ** 0.03 2.63 0.10 0.03 * 3.61 0.11 12.47115.84 (0)
23-24 0.02 3.53 15.70 N.D. ** 0.03 2.78 0.10 ' 0.03 3.59 0.11 12.34 115.07 (0)
DATE 7/21/1972 - - " '""" "V'"
0- 1 0.02 2.42 9.70 N.D. ** 0.03 2.87 0.10 0.03 3.54 0.11 11.79 113.79 (0)
1- 2 0.03 2.87 10.30 N.D. ** 0.03 2.96 "" 0.11 0.03 3.53 0. ll 11.96 113.42 <0)
2- 3 0.03 2.29 7.50 N.D. ** 0.03 2.83 OilO 0.03 3.45 0.11 11.36 111.37 10)
3- 4 0.05 2.41 7.10 N.D. ** 0.03 ~ 2.54 0.09 0.03 3.42 0. 11 10.82 111.20 (0)
4- 5 0.07 2.55 7.00 N.D. *#¦ 0.04 2.26 0.09 0.03 3.36 0.12 10.47 110.25 (0)
5- 6 0.06 3. 15 9.00 N.D. ** 0.04" "2.37""" 0.09'" 0.03 3.29 "" 0.12 9.97 . 108.94 (0)
.6- 7 0.07 3.42 12.20 N.D. 0.04 2.51 0.11 0.03 3.19 0.12 9.81 106.57 (0)
7- 8 0.03 5.34 14.80 N.D. ** 0.04 2.83 0.13 0.03 3.04 0.11 9.70 101.84 (0»
8- 9 0.03 3.37 12.80 N.D. ** 0.04 2.97 0.14 0.03 2.89 0.11 10.09 97.60 (0)
.9-10 0.04 3.33 14.50 N.D. ** '"0.04"" 3.09 0.15 0.03 2.85' 0.11 10.61 96.74 (0)
¦«// - -
-------
STATION "* "HAZELW.OOD"
HOURLY
S02 FP .
DATE 7/20/1972
7- 8 0.06 5.10
8- 9_ 0.07 4.54
9-10 0.03 3.14
10-11 0.05 1.61
11-12 0.06 1.46
12-13 0.05 1.43
13-14 0.05 1.01
14-15 0.05 1.67
15-16 0.06" " 1.67
16-17 0.05 1.67
17-18 0.05 1.64
18-19 0.03 1.10
19-20 0.02 1.05
20-21 0.01 2.11
21-22 0.01 " 1.97""* * "
22-23 0.01 ,1.66
23-24 0.01 : 2.57
DATE 7/21/1972
"0 1"" ; 0.02 1.90
1- 2 0.08 3.50
~2- "3 0.07~ "4";"Sy~ ~
3- 4 0.07 3.95
4- 5" 0.07 ' 2.26
_5- 6 0.04_ 4.43
6-7 ¦ 0.05. 3.40
ALLEGHENY CC^TY
SUMMARV F 0K..THE AST
12 HOUR
WD
WS
S02
. FP
PRODUCT
SSE
2 '
0.04
4.20
0. 17
SSE
2
0.04
' 4.28
0.18
s
4
0.04
- 4.27
0.1$ ~
wsw
.4
0.04
4.21
0.19
WMW
¦ - 4
0.04
4.03
0. 19
SW
4
0.05
3.94
0.20
WSW
4
0.05
3.73
0.20
WNJW
4
0.05
3.62
0.20
SW '
"""2"'
" 0.05"
3.23
0.18
ssw
3
0.05
2.91
0.16
wsw
4
0.06
2.61
0.-15
wsw
3
0.05
2.17
0.13
NE
2
0.05-
1.83
0.10
NE
2
0.05
1 .63
0.08
NE
" 1
.0.05 ~
1.53 ""
0.07"'."'
NE
1
0.04
1.54
0.07
WNW
0.04
1.63
0.07"
NE
1
0.04 "
1 .67"
0.06 "
WNW
1
0.04
1.88 -
0.08
Tie
" 1 "
o;o4"
2.15
". 0V69 "
NE
0
0.04
2 .34
0.10
NE
2 '
~ 0.04 ^
2.39 "
"o.ii"-"
NE
1
0.04
2.62
; 0.12,
"wsw ~
i'
" 0.04 "
2.81" V
0.13
HOURS
24 HOUR
SO2 FP
0.04
3.11
0.04
. 3.24
0.04
3.32
0.04
3.36
0.04
3.40
0.04
3.43
0.04
3.38
0.04
3.42
0.04
3.42
0.04
3.40
0.0
0.14 . 112.32 (0)
X)t 14 113.80 (0)
0.15 115.19 (0)
0.14 113.S6 (0)
. 0.15 115.3^ (0)
0.15 "li5.44 (0>
0.15 115.20 (0)
0.15 111.09 (0)
0.14 107.44 (0)
0.13 " " 102.9? 10)
0.12 _ 100.74 (_0>_
0.12 " 99.03 (0)
0.12 98.12 (0)
0.11 96.40 (0)
0.11 " 95.72 (0)
0.12 96.56 (0)
0.13 " " 99.66~T61
0.13 97.14 (01
0.12 ~ 93.54" (0)
0.12 92.8? (0)
0.12 89.47" | 6~J
-------
APPENDIX D
INDUSTRY COMPLIANCE IN WEST VIRGINIA
The ten major air pollutant sources in the West Virginia panhandle
were identified by the state agency and notified to curtail emissions
according to the West Virginia Air Implementation Plan. Nine sources
replied to the state's request. One did not and was later closed for
48 hours. This source was the Windsor Power Plant at Beach Bottom.
Appendix D includes a map locating the 10 sources. Also a list
prepared by EOCC in Research Triangle Park of necessary reductions in
case of emergency levels. Finally, the written replies received by the
State of West Virginia from the sources involved detailing the steps
taken for curtailment.
-------
WEST VIRGINIA
PANHANDLE
1. Wierton Steel Division
National Steel Corporation
2. Koppers Follansbee Plant
3. Wheeling Pittsburgh. Steel Corporation
4. Windsor Power Plant at Beech Bottom
Toronto
5. Industrial Chemical Division
Allied Chemical Company
6. Specialty Chemical Division
Allied Chemical Company
~
7. Ohio Power Company
Kammer Plant
8. Ohio Power Company
Mitchell Plant
9. Pittsburgh Plate Glass
Industries, Inc.
10. Mobay Chemical Company
10
Stuebenville
Mingo Junction
Brilliant
Miles
Weirtan
Follans see
Wellsburg
Wheeling
Moundsville
P
E
N
N
S
Y
L
V
A
N
I
A
-------
Necessary Plant Reductions in the Weirton/Wheeling,
West Virginia area
Koppers Company
Switch, to low sulphur fuel, if possible
Stop batch, operations
Stop operations that can be postponed
a. Steam heating of tanks
b. Sandblasting
c. Chemical cleaning of equipment
Shut-down all non-essential operations
Eliminate emissions of particulate matter from lime kilns
and other dryers by ceasing y? ^ a, of new materials
and phasing down operations as rapidly'as possible without
damage to equipment
Postpone plant start-ups that result in increased air pollution
Reduce as rapidly as possible, without damage to equipment or
danger to personnel, the rate and thru-put of processes that
emit pollutants
Move toward and accomplish an orderly shut-down of all processes
producing air contaminants
PPG COMPANY
Eliminate emissions of particulate matter from kilns by starting
no new batchs; reducing thru-put and allowing processes in
operation to phase-down
Eliminate emissions of particulate matter from crushing, mixing,
cleaning, conveying and transfering operations
Switch all required fuel burning equipment to low sulfur fuels
Allied Chemical Company
Switch to low sulfur fuels, if possible
Stop batch operations
Stop operations that can be postponed
-------
Shut down all non-essential operations
Reduce, as rapidly as possible, without damage to equipment or
danger to personnel, the rate and thru-put of processes that
emit air pollutants particularly those in the form of sulfuric
acid ',-y-¦.; yr , sulfur dioxide or carbon particulates
MORAY Corp.
Switch to low sulfur fuels, if possible
Stop all*batch and non-essential operations
Move toward and accomplish an orderly shut-down of all processes
producing air contaminants
Integrated Steel Mill
Cease incineration,- scarfing, slag quenching, burning and other
operations that can be postponed
Cease charging the coke ovens; retain finished coke in ovens as
as long as possible
Cease charging of open hearth steel furnaces
Cease charging ore to blast furnaces
Cease operation of basic oxygen furnaces
Shut down sintering plants
Cease charging of electrical steel furnaces
Switch all boilers and heaters to low sulfur fuel, where possible
furnaces may be kept banked or -heated for protection
-------
1 i
m JIJL & m 9 67
CNA025 EC
LD CNA005 FM PDF TDCV FOLLANSBEE WVIR 21 645P.EDT
MR ROBERT LWAYER (DLR DO NOT PHONE)
DOWNTOWNER MOTOR INN ROOM 417 WHEELING WVIR
IN REPLY TO YOUR REQUEST TO COOPERATE IN REDUCTION OF EMMISSIONi
THE KOPPERSFOLLANSBEE T .ANT HAS SHUT DOWN ONE COAL FIRED
BOILER AND ONE GAS FIREI DISTILATION UNIT THIS ACTION HAS
REDUCED PARTICULATE EMI SION BY AN ESTIMATED 15 O/O
BELOW NORMAL LEVELS
A E A STRUCH ASSlSTAh PLANT MANAGER
7/22/72 EC
k CN025 WH CM
-------
PS&fcsbauB'gSi
STEEL CORPORATION
W. P. McSHANE July 21, 1972
OIRECTOR
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL
Mr. Joseph Reach
Wheeling Air Pollution Control Bureau
Hawley Building, Ropm 420
Wheeling, W. Va. j!6003
Dear Mr. Reach: ,
The attached memo regarding the Ohio Valley air pollution alert
of July 20-2jz, 1972 is being forwarded to you at the request of
Mr. Robert Lawyer of the West Virginia Air Pollution Control Com-
mission, Charleston, W. Va.
/
Mr/ Lawyer has been informed of Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel's
action./ He also advised us that representatives of the Environmental
Protec/ion Agency would receive this information at your office.
/ We appreciate your kind cooperation.
/
Sincerely yours,
W. P. McShane
Director
Environmental Control
WPM/ng
Attach.
cci C. G. Beard, II
R. E. Lawyer
M. Merick
P. J. DeLuca
rt-6-'
-------
AIR jPOLLUTION ALERT OHIO VALLEY
JULY 20-21, 1972
' i
¦ rf
On the afternoon of July\20, 1972, Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel received
information from the following regarding the subject alert:
(1) Mr. Robert E. Lawyer
West Virginia Air Pollution Control Commission
(2) Mr. P. J. DeLuca
Steubenville Air Quality Region, consisting of
Jefferson, Colun^iana, Belmont and Monroe Counties
Wheeling-Pittsburgh Steel responded to the alert promptly, and the
following action was taken:
(1) One (1) boiler at ISteubenville-South, firing coal,
taken off immediately.
(2) All boilers at St^ubenville-North and Steubenville-
South were converted from coal firing to gas.
(3) All boilers at thfe Coke Plant on gas at a reduced
rate, with some sjteam requirements being met with
Ohio gas-fired steam generating plants.
(A) Coking time at Steubenville increased to 30 hours.
(5) Tar'usage on blast furnaces (Ohio Plants) cut back.
(6) Steubenville-South BOF blowing rate reduced.
(7) Benwood Plant (W. Va.) boilers cut back to 50% and
will be shut down at 11:00 p.m. July 21, 1972.
(8) No incinerator operation at any plant.
(9) Both galvanizing pots at Benwood Plant (W. Va.)
down at 11:^00 p.m. July 21, 1972.
(10) Five of nine boilers at Yorkville Plant (Ohio) down.
Remaining f|our with increased air for maximum com-
bustion witih no banking.
(11) Only two of the throe vnniztng Hr",c nt M.irMor
fVrr/ f'lnr^ "rt.f .) t ..
(J-/) tilul el' r ip« f ?' J i '
-------
Page 2
AIR; POLLUTION ALERT OHIO VALLEY
July 20-21, 1972
(13) Boilers at Martins Ferry Plant (Ohio) operating
at 15% capacity.
(14) Beech Bottom Plant (W. Va.) boilers are gas fired.
(15) Steubenville Strip (Follansbee, W. Va.) boilers
are gas fired.
Estimated Emission Reduction/1:
Steubenville NortI( Boilers Essentially 100%
South " " «
" Eas^ Coke Plant " "
Coking time at JO hours Approximately 25%
BOF blow rate reduction " 15%
Blast Furnace t^r usage cut back - Reduction difficult to
1 assess.
Benwood Boilers 'Approximately 50%,
100% at 11:00 p.m. 7/21
No incinerator operation Essentially 100%
Benwood Galvanizing Pot Down at 11:00 p.m. 7/21
Essentially 100%
Yorkville Boiler shutdown Approximately 50%
Martins Ferry Boilers Greater than 50%
Sinter Plant Essentially 100%
wl P. McShane
Director
Environmental Control
July 21, 1972
-------
Specialty Chemicals Division
ALLIED CHEMICAL CORPORATION
Post Office Box E, Moundsville, West Virginia 26041 - (304) 845-5670
July 21, 19|2
Mr. Robert Lawyer
West Virginia Air Pollution
Control Commission
Room 420 Hawley Building
Wheeling, West Virginia
Subject: Air Pollution Alert
Dear Mr. Lawyer:
Allied Chemical Corporation is anxious to cooperate with the West Virginia
Air Pollution Control Commission in improving the ambient air quality
during the present air pollution alert.
As you know, our contributions to the problem are very minor. However, we
K" ave examined each of our known sources at this location with the objective
£ reducing emissions to the maximum extent without interruption of production.
We have taken the following actions:
(a) Curtailed the use of our waste incinerator as follows:
1. Burning of solid wastes has been stopped.
2. Burning of liquid wastes has been curtailed to minimum levels
and will only be conducted between the hours of 12 Noon and 4 P.M.
(b) Curtailed the use of steam in our manufacturing processes.
(c) Reduced the operation of our acid concentrator to the extent consistent
with essential production requirements.
(d) Stopped all non essential uses of combustion type motor vehicles.
Allied Chemical's North Plant will continue the above measures for the
duration of the current alert. I will appreciate prompt notice from your
office of the end of the alert so that I may notify the plant to resume
n orma1 op erat i on s.
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4fclr. Robert Lawyer
^HVest Virginia Air Pollution
Control Commission
Subject: Air Pollution Alert
I can be contacted after 5 P.M. today at my home telephone number in
St. Clairsville Area Code 614-695-9757.
Very truly yours,
SPECIALTY CHEMICALS DIVISION
Att-ded Chemical Corporation
J. W. Lobb
Plant Manager
JWLrcag
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INDUSTRIES
PPG INDUSTRIES, 1NC./B0X 191/NEW MARTINSVILLE, WEST VIRGINIA 26155/AREA 304/455-2200
I. C. KLIMAS, Works Manager
Natrium Plant, Industrial Chemical Division
July 21, 1972
Mr. Carl G. Beard, Director
W. Va. Air Pollution Control Commission
1^58 Washington Streat, East
Charleston, W 2^311
Dear Mr. Beard:
In answer to your request for a written statement of our plans to
meet the pollution "alert" issued by your office on July 21, 1972,
the Natrium Plant of PPG Industries submits the following plan of
action.
1. In-plant vehicle traffic trill be kept to a practical minimum.
2. Employees have been urged to carpool in order to minimize
vehicle traffic.
3. Every effort will be made to reduce activities which could
contribute to pollution emissions.
b. Instructions have been issued to monitor and control processes
in order to minimize pollution emissions.
5. At the present time the boilers are being operated to maintain
present production levels. No-activities will be initiated
that would increase the heat load demand during the "alert".
6. One production facility is down for maintenance purposes and will
remain down until the "alert" is over,
7. All soot blowing operations will be confined to the hours of
12 noon to U p.m., with the exception of about 10$ of the blowers
which will be operated once each day outside these hours to main-
tain high heat efficiency and reduce the overall pollution emissions.
8. Blending of the best available coal to reduce emissions of
particulates and sulfur dioxide will be continued.
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It is estimated that these actions will reduce the Natrium Plant's
pollution emissions by 20^, from its reported maximum pollution
emission potential.
Yours truly,
I. C. Klimas
Works Manager
ICK/rfo
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MATIONAL STEEL CORPORATION
WEIRTON
WEST VIRGINIA
26062
July 21, 1972
Mr. Robert Lawyer
c/o Mr. Joseph Reach
Wheeling Air Pollution Control Commission
Wheeling, West Virginia
Dear Mr. Lawyer:
As per yotir request, the Weirton Steel Division of National Steel Corporation
on or about 7:00 AM July 21, 1972 took the following actions.
1. The coking time for producing coke at the coke oven batteries was
extended to alleviate emissions of sulfur dioxide and particulates.
2. All low pressure boilers at the Boiler House will use gas as a fuel,
and those low pressure boilers capable of burning coal will remain
shut down.
3. No. 5 high pressure boiler at the Boiler House will remain on 100
percent gas-firing.
4. Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 4 high pressure boilers will continue on coal-
firing at a significantly reduced rate.
5. All plant personnel have been duly notified of the potential air
pollution episode and will do everything to aid us in reducing air
emissions.
6. In the event that it becomes necessary, additional steps will be taken
to further reduce plant emissions as per our planned program.
Based upon the above actions, it is our estimation that emissions of sulfur
dioxide and particulates have been reduced by at least 15 percent.
Houston R. Wood, Director
Environmental Control
KW/sr
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Corporation -
INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS DIVISION
P. O. DRAWER "D" . MOUNDSVILLE, WEST VIRGINIA 26011
AREA CODE 30 S 815-5674
July 21, 1972
W. Va. Air Pollution Control Commission
4014-A MacCorkle Avenue SE
Charleston, West Virginia 25304
Attn: Mr. Robert Lawyer
Dear Mr. Lawyer:
In accordance with your telephoned request this a.m. for an "emergency alert'
exit reduction" program, the followir
g controls have been effected.
A. One of our operations has been shut down and two others have been
curtailed in rate. This wilfL effectuate a 33% reduction from peak
in steam production requirement.
B. Sufficient low-sulfur coal (^9%) has been secured to supplement our
normal coal requirements enabling a 50% mix for the next 48 hours.
C. Soot blowing will not occur ui^til the "emergency" condition is
alleviated.
D. Air sampling for chlorine will\be doubled during this period to assure
a close control.
E. Our spare process pollution control absorption facility will be put
ther and assure complete absorption
on line to increase reliance fui
of possible process irritants.
F. Further controls have been instituted in the operating process to
assure containment of even normally "de minimus" levels of chlorine.
We assure you of our continued concern jand cooperation, especially in this
period of crisis.
Very truly yours,
REG:ib
R. E. Gribben
Superintendent of Production
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uu
MOB AY' CHEMICAL (COMPANY
r
j _ ___ _
NEW MARTINSVILLE, WEST VIRGINIA 26155
July 21, 1972
Wheeling Air /'Pollution
Hawley Building
Main Street/
Wheeling, West Virginia
/?
Gentlemen^
We have cjut operations back to 50% in our
Nitric Acid Plant, completely shut down the
liquids/incinerator, and ceased charging
solid sikterial to our waste solids inciner-
ator. ; These being our main source where
emissions go to the atmosphere, even though
theste emissions are below the standards set
by tjhe authorities, we estimate that these
cutbacks should result in 30 - 35% reduction
in/Mobay's atmospheric emission.
Plant Manager
JMCrmacs
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Tierlcan J
lectHe .
OHIO POWER COMPANY
KAMMER MITCHELL PLANT
P.O. BOX K
MOUNDSVILLE. W. VA. 26041
July 21, 1972
Mr. Carl G. Beard, II
Director
West Virginia Air Pollution Control Commission
1558 Washington Street, East
Charleston, West Virginia 25311
Dear Mr, Beard{
We understand and share your concern for the quality of air currently
in the Upper Ohio Valley. We will continue to extend to you our fullest
^^peration in dealing with this situation.
Although Ohio Power ha3 installed air pollution control equipment on
its generating facilities, we have taken special steps to minimize the ;
effect of our operations during the current situation, including the fol-
lowing :
1. We are utilizing every short term option available to
minimize the adverse effect of our operations on the
environment.
2. We have taken steps to reduce power consumption since
this will reduce the amount of generation required.
These steps include curtailment of service to our
interruptible customers; utilizing arrangements with
certain other larye users to reduce their requirements;
and substantially reducing our Company use of electri-
city by curtailment of non-essential auxiliaries and
coal mining operations.
3. We are making every effort to increase the power out-
put in plants located elsewhere on the American Electric
Power System and other neighboring systems, thus enabling
us to reduce our loading on the valley plants.
4. To the extent that our generating capacity exceeds our
'1 fftftn rifl R V'iT jy>i,rc.rt u« pro pyrin ft f 1 t <- { *7 f"-
U.w- 5 IJ j.t/ j. i-'t J ' h *' i
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Mr. Carl G. Beard, II
-2-
July 21, 1972
You are well aware of the shortage of electricity in other parts of the
country, particularly in the East. You also are aware that through the inter-
connections which exist between utility companies, every effort is made by all
of the companies to help their neighbors serve critical loads in times of
emergency, such as hospitals, sewerage facilities, water pumping stations and
refrigeration,, Before a generating plant can curtail its production, its load
must first be transferred ip other plants or the demand for electric service
reduced in magnitude by users* If this is not done, other plants in an inter-
connected system will find ihemselves overloaded, which could lead to an
uncontrolled interruption oil customer service over widespread areas.
Although every effort is| being made to transfer generation to power plants
located outside of the Ohio Valley, this must be done in a way which does not
create critical electric supply problems, and in a way which will not cause a
cascading effect or widespread blackouts.
Sincerely,
C2 8;
C. E. Shay
Plant Manager
CESslly
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