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ANNUAL REPORT
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LABORATORY
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH CENTER
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, N. C.
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CONTENTS
Organization, Description, and
Functional Statements
Mission of Chemistry and Physics Laboratory
Funding Summaries for Fiscal Years 1974,
1973, 1972, and 1971
Active Contracts, Grants, and Interagency Agreements .
Completed Contracts, Grants, and Interagency Agreements
Publications Supported by Intramural Funds
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ORGANIZATION, DESCRIPTION,
AND
FUNCTIONAL STATEMENTS
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CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LABORATORY. The Chemistry and Physics Laboratory
under the supervision of a Director, develops and conducts a research and
development program in the chemistry and physics of environmental control.
Develops instruments and measurement techniques for field monitoring, sur-
veillance, and laboratory analysis of environmental pollutants. Conducts
a program of experimental and theoretical studies and field measurements
of the ambient atmosphere. Determines the chemical and physical transfor-
mations that pollutants undergo from source to receptor in the atmosphere.
Develops and applies methodology for characterizing and determining the
physical effects of emissions associated with the use of fuels and additives.
Conducts research on the effects of air pollutants on materials.
Air Quality Measurement Methods Branch. Develops and conducts research
relating to the development and evaluation of new and improved instruments
and measurement techniques for field and laboratory use for the identifica-
tion and measurement of pollutants in ambient air. Develops sensor systems
for air quality measurement of pollutants in ambient air. Recommends
appropriate sensor systems for source measurements.
Field Methods Development Section. Plans and manages research in chemistry,
physics and engineering related to the development of instrumentation for
the field measurement of atmospheric contaminants. Includes the validation
of laboratory and prototype models and the development of suitable calibra-
tion techniques.
Laboratory Measurements Research Section. Develops and conducts chemical
research to provide methods for the analytical extraction of pollutants
from ambient air, and for the eventual measurement of such pollutants in
the laboratory. Conducts continuing research to provide analytical
methodology to identify new or hitherto unrecognized pollutants in ambient
air.
Conducts research and development on laboratory methods and equipment
for the isolation, characterization, and measurement of natural and man-
derived pollutants collected from ambient air.
Conducts research and development on methods for segregating pollutants
from ambient air in a quantitatively reproducible fashion and in a form con-
ducive to their subsequent identification and measurement in the laboratory.
Emission Measurements Research Branch. Develops and conducts research for
the development and evaluation of measurement techniques and instrumentation
for pollutants in emissions from mobile sources as well as emissions and
plumes from stationary sources. Conducts studies to characterize emissions
from mobile and stationary sources. Provides developed instruments and
methods for source emissions to interested EPA activities.
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Stationary Source Measurements Research Section. Conducts research and
development on methods and instrumentation for the identification and
measurement of particulate and gaseous pollutants in emissions from
stationary sources. Conducts comparative evaluations of prototype and
unproven commercial instruments for specific pollutant measurements.
Includes manual techniques for in-stack measurements, instrumentation
for extractive and in-situ measurements, remote sensing techniques, and
instrumentation for measurements at the mouth of stack sources, and long-
path optical techniques for measurements of extended area sources.
Research involves the chemical, odorous, and optical properties of the
plumes.
Particulate Emissions Unit. Conducts research and development on methods
and instrumentation for the identification and measurement of particulate
emissions from stationary sources. Research is conducted on particle mass,
size, composition, and optical properties (opacity) with special attention
to hazardous substances specified in current and forthcoming federal
emission standards. Techniques and instrumentation developments include
manual methods, extractive, in-situ, and remote measurement methods.
Methods are evaluated and modified as required for their applicability to
industrial sources specified in current and future emission standards.
Gaseous Emissions Unit. Conducts research and development on methods and
instrumentation for the identification and measurement of pollutant gases
and odors in emissions from stationary sources. Research is conducted on
gases specified in criteria documents, state Implementation plans, and
current and future federal emission standards. Techniques and instrumenta-
tion developments include manual methods, extractive, in-situ, and remote
measurement methods. Developments are evaluated and modified as required
for their applicability to industrial sources specified in current and
future emission standards.
Mobile Source Measurements Research Section. Conducts research to develop
and evaluate methods and instrumentation for the identification and mea-
surement of pollutants in mobile source emissions. Conducts research to
characterize mobile source emissions and to define problems related to
fuels and fuel additives, and pollution control systems.
Emissions Testing and Characterization Section. Designs, develops, and
operates engineering systems in support of measurement methods and instru-
mentation development programs. Conducts research and development related
to the problems of sampling pollutants discharged from mobile and stationary
sources, and conducts studies to characterize emissions.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Branch. Develops and conducts research
related to the formation and decay of air pollutants in the atmosphere
along with the impact of mobile and stationary source emissions on
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atmospheric chemistry. Participates in the development of atmospheric
models for chemically reactive atmospheric systems. Conducts laboratory
research and field studies on the formation, physical effects, and removal
mechanisms of particulate and aerosol air pollutants. Conducts laboratory
and field studies of the effects of air pollutants on materials.
Gas Kinetics and Photochemistry Section. Determines the mechanisms and
rates of chemical reactions of gaseous air pollutants. Studies the
original effluent gases, the transitory intermediates, and the final
oxidation products. Develops basic kinetics data for use in mathematical
modeling of chemically reactive atmospheric systems, and works in the
development of the modeling techniques. Participates in regional air
pollution studies and other special field programs on the formation,
reaction, and decay of atmospheric pollutants. Conducts laboratory
studies of atmospheric reactions at realistic levels of atmospheric
contamination, using such analytical techniques as gas chromatography,
infrared spectroscopy, chemiluminescence, and wet chemistry.
Atmospheric Reactivity Section. Studies reactivity of simulated and real
atmosphere for the purpose of generating scientific evidence essential to
developing new air quality standards and to defending and refining existing
ones. Such studies are carried out through intramural and extramural smog
chamber programs and closely related extramural field measurement programs,
and include: studies of the dependence of air quality manifestations on
concentration and composition of atmospheric pollutants; studies of the
effect of control measures on the air quality; studies of simulated atmo-
spheric reaction systems as needed for development and validation of
mathematical models of smog; participates in regional air pollution studies,
field measurement programs and other studies as needed and assigned.
Aerosol Research Section. Conducts studies of the chemical and physical
properties of aerosol particles and the mechanisms of their formation and
removal. Analyzes the role of fine particles in visibility reduction.
Studies the conversion of gaseous pollutants to aerosols. Studies photo-
chemical aerosol formation to determine techniques for control of this
type of aerosol. Relates the physical and chemical properties of aerosols
to their effects in order to permit more selective control techniques.
Applies the physics and chemistry of aerosol formation and removal in the
mathematical modeling of photochemically reacting polluted atmospheres.
Participates in regional air quality studies.
Materials Research Section. The Materials Research Section conducts
research to determine the effects of environmental pollutants on materials.
Included in this research are studies of material surfaces as sources and
sinks for pollutants, and pollutant damage to materials.
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MISSION
OF
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
LABORATORY
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Chemistry and Physics Laboratory's Mission
NERC/RTP's Chemistry and Physics Laboratory manages and conducts an
intramural and extramural research program which provides: techniques and
instrumentation for the measurement of atmospheric pollutants, information
on the chemical and physical transformations that pollutants undergo in the
atmosphere, and information on the effects of atmospheric pollutants on
materials. While each of these program areas contributes directly to the
air pollution control program, they are also closely interrelated: air
pollution measurement techniques and instrumentation research supports
atmospheric chemistry and physics studies; atmospheric chemistry and physics
studies provide information on what measurement techniques are needed; and
studies of the effects of atmospheric pollutants on materials provide infor-
mation on mechanisms whereby pollutants can be removed from the atmosphere.
The program of the Chemistry and Physics Laboratory is totally responsive
to the legislative mandates of the Air Quality Act of 1970.
Each year the Chemistry and Physics Laboratory conducts one or more
field studies of air pollution. During 1973 a field study was conducted in
Denver, Colorado, in cooperation with the EPA Regional Office and the State
air pollution control agency. The study was part of a continuing effort to
determine the nature and source of the Denver "Brown Cloud." Field studies
were also conducted in Houston, Texas, and Phoenix, Arizona, on photochemical
oxidant and in St. Louis, Missouri, on photochemical oxidant and on sulfur
oxides air pollution.
Field Study Situ
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Analysis of the data for the Denver field study indicates that the
"Brown Cloud" is a two-component plume: one part, close to the ground,
which contains major amounts of aerosol from stationary sources and a second
part above the first which contains aerosol largely from automotive sources.
The Chemistry and Physics Laboratory provides administrative manage-
ment of the Air Pollution Chemistry and Physics Advisory Committee. The
Committee met twice in 1973: first in St. Louis, where the principal agenda
item was the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS) in progress there; and
second at the University of Minnesota, where the main subject was atmospheric
aerosols.
Research on the effect of air pollutants on materials and on atmospheric
visibility is part of the program of the Chemistry and Physics Laboratory.
In 1973 an experiment was begun in which several critical materials were
exposed to simulated polluted atmospheres in chambers. The first phase of
this work will be completed in 1974 and will eventually provide quantitative
dose/response information.
In 1973 the Chemistry and Physics Laboratory developed specialized
gas chromatographic instrumentation to measure "reactive hydrocarbons in
automotive exhaust. This equipment was put into use in EPA's Mobile Source
Pollution Control Laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Also in 1973, work
was started on additional engine dynamometers and a stationary source simu-
lator to increase the facilities which support research to develop instru-
mentation and techniques to measure pollutants emitted by these sources.
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CPL initiated a program cm analytical methods and instruments to be
used as portable analyzers (dosimeters) in health studies to aid in revision
of air quality criteria. Effects of air pollutants on organic and inorganic
materials are investigated in environmental chambers to supply inputs to
development or modification of secondary standards for the criteria pollu-
tants. Research on new particulate mass monitoring instrumentation is in
progress to provide a more acceptable reference or equivalent method for
total suspended particulates. Considerable effort is going into the
development of the measurement technology for fine particles and for other
pollutants which may be considered candidates for air quality criteria.
The formation and decay of such non-criteria pollutants also is under
investigation.
Considerable efforts in support of present national ambient air quality
standards (particularly those for hydrocarbon/oxidants and nitrogen dioxide)
are in progress in CPL to further verify the atmospheric relationships
involving hydrocarbons and oxidants. Evaluation of the reference method
for nitrogen dioxide was made and improved for the 24-hour average colori-
metric methods and continuous instrumentation developed.
The CPL is involved in a considerable effort to support development
of chemical and physical air pollution models for reactive pollutants for
use in implementation plans, including site criteria of large area sources.
The transport of oxidants and the rural oxidant problem are under investi-
gation Empirical relations between hydrocarbons and oxidants (such as
upper limit curves) and relationships between hydrocarbons and nitrogen
dioxide are being reviewed and evaluated. Reactivities of hydrocarbons
and other organics have been evaluated for organic solvent regulations and
transportation plans.
Measurement technology is being developed and evaluated for regulated
and non-regulated emissions from on-the-road vehicles and advanced power
sources. Improved optical measurement instrumentation has been developed
for the regulated pollutants. Measurements proceed to support a reactivity
type hydrocarbon standard if undertaken. Extensive research has been done
on sampling techniques for particulate emission from light-duty vehicles
operated on leaded and non-leaded fuels using test vehicles with and without
catalytic devices.
Extensive support is provided by CPL in verifying and improving the
reference methods for Category I and II new source performance standards.
Performance criteria have been developed for extractive and in-situ lnst™~
mentation for determination of compliance with sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxid ,
and opacity standards for a number of the Category I sources. Methods
development continues on the reference methods required for Category III,
IV, and V new source performance standards.
- CPL is responsible for developing the analytical methodology for the
national emission standards for hazardous pollutants. '
sampling and analysis are under investigation or evaluation for asbestos
and mercury. There has been extensive development of
methods for use in analyzing a number of elements possibly of a hazardous
nature. Improved sampling and more rapid analysis methods for polycyclic
organic matter are under development.
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CPL provides support in development of emission protocols for fuel
additives effects. The CPL also does the emission characterization of
non-regulated emissions from vehicles equipped with catalytic devices and
on non-regulated emissions from advanced alternate power systems. In 1973
considerable work was done on the problem of sulfate formation by exhaust
oxidation catalyst systems. Work was begun on alternate automotive power
systems such as the Wankel engine and the passenger vehicle diesel engine.
Technical support is provided by CPL in development of air quality
criteria documents and on progress reports required by Congress on air
quality and emission instrumentation and on emission standards for moving
vehicles.
ORGANIZATION
The Chemistry and Physics Laboratory is organized into three branches.
One of these deals with the problems of the physical and chemical transfor-
mations of pollutants in the atmosphere and the other two are concerned
with the development of techniques and instrumentation for the measurement
of air pollution. All three branches are involved in both laboratory and
field research and implement their programs through in-house projects and
extramural research grants and contracts.
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Branch
The Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Branch performs both laboratory
and field studies. Laboratory studies are conducted in clean glass chambers
using pure components and in large irradiation chambers using real components
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such as motor vehicle exhaust. Hypotheses developed In these laboratory
studies are tested in the field by analysis of the atmosphere at critical
sites chosen on the basis of the pollution sources and the meteorology and
topography of the area. All of this information is used to choose appropriate
air pollution control strategies. It also is used to develop mathematical
models of atmospheric photochemical reactions. Although the atmospheric
chemistry and physics program previously concentrated on atmospheric reactions
of gaseous pollutants such as are involved in the formation of ozone, it now
also includes studies of atmospheric reactions involving aerosols. The
Branch also conducts research to determine the effects of environmental pol-
lutants on materials. These capabilities in atmospheric chemistry are used
in the Laboratory's participation in the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS)
and in the Fuel and Fuel Additive Registration Program.
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Air Quality Measurement Methods Branch
tv, Air Quality Measurement Methods Branch conducts research operations
•ivL EPA with the capability of assessing environmental quality. It
providing designed to produce and evaluate new and improved tech-
conducts re identification and quantification of contaminants in the
niques ro and laboratory use. It develops instruments for per-
foImlnB continuous or periodic monitoring of the environment with minimal
forming « and deVelops sensor systems for air quality measurement
Pollutants in'ambient air. It provides methods for the analytical extrac-
fi n of contaminants from the environment and for the qualitative and
quantitative analysis of said contaminants after transport to the laboratory.
Measurements Research Branch
The Emission Measurements Research Branch conducts research and develop-
tivities to provide analytical techniques and instruments for the
ment act precise measurement of environmental pollutants in emissions
identification ^ sources both mobile and stationary. These
discharge carried out primarily to support the implementation of national
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emission standards for mobile sources, new stationary source emission standards,
and national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants as required
under the provisions of the Clean Air Act of 1970. This Branch also conducts
studies for the chemical and physical characterization of pollutants emitted
from various sources.
PHYSICAL FACILITIES
A research prototype lidar system, designed specifically for particulate
emission measurements from stationary sources, is housed in a mobile van
to facilitate field studies now in progress.
Other research prototype systems include two research infrared spectro-
photometers for the remote sensing of emissions from stationary sources.
These instruments are also capable of long-path measurement of extended
source emissions. The Bendix spectrophotometer is presently computer-programmed
to monitor ozone in the atmosphere. The Convair spectrophotometer has scan-
ning capability in the 3 tj 5 and 7 to 14 micron wavelength range and much
higher resolution (1.0 cm ) than the Bendix (10 cm ).
An experimental stationary source simulator is installed in a leased
facility at the Beaunit Corporation Technical Center in the Research Triangle
Park. This facility is used to generate test flue gases with particulate
matter, moisture, and pollutants under defined conditions, conditions that
must be known so that sampling and analysis methods can be evaluated under
controlled experimental situations before actual field testing is undertaken.
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This equipment provides a 2 x 3 x 35 foot test section and up to 450°F (233°C)
flue gas temperature and 80 ft/sec (24 m/sec) flow velocities to simulate
conditions encountered in typical power plant operations. Both extractive
and cross-stack optical instruments are tested at this facility before actual
installation or field testing at combustion sources.
The electron optical facilities include scanning electron microscopy
(SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction equip-
ment . The SEM, used for morphological studies of stationary and mobile source
particulate emissions, is equipped with two X-ray spectrometers giving it a
capability for quantitative and qualitative chemical analysis as well. The
wavelength X-ray spectrometer allows conversion of the SEM to an electron
microprobe for quantitative chemical analysis of particles of less than 1
micron in diameter. The energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer allows quali-
tative chemical analysis, for elements beyond sodium, of particles only a
few hundred angstroms in diameter. The TEM is used for examination of
particles less than 0.1 micron in diameter where crystal structure is an
important consideration. Electron diffraction techniques afford a means of
identifying the compound species of the particles being examined. X-ray
diffraction is used for identification of crystalline material or mixtures.
Quantitative analysis is possible from observation of intensities of X-ray
maxima as a function of percentage composition of a crystalline phase. The
mobile source emissions laboratory is used for the observation and delineation
of the emissions of mobile sources, their characterization and quantification,
and the development of the most precise techniques for their analysis. The
wide range of analytical capability includes particulate and gaseous com-
ponents such as sulfates, fuel additive components, and other non-regulated
emissions. This general capability is provided by analytical facilities
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which include:
(a) An Hitachi RMU-6L mass spectrometer coupled to a Perkin-Elmer 990
gas chromatograph. The mass spectrometer accurately measures the
atomic mass of molecules presented to it while the gas chromato-
graph provides fractionation by the principle of absorption.
The mass spectrometer can also analyze gaseous and liquid samples
providing unique information on the molecular weights of the chemical
species present.
(b) Gas chromatography capability for separating and analyzing auto-
motive exhaust in its individual components. This typically results
in over 100 hydrocarbons and many substituted organic components,
and is being expanded to higher molecular weight components. The
principles involve selective absorption, elution, and detection
using flame ionization detectors which respond with extreme sensi-
tivity to individual carbon atoms. Typical sensitivities are about
0.01 ppm. Special techniques allow these limits to be extended
approximately an order of magnitude.
(c) Other general analytical equipment including NMR (Varian T60),
infrared spectrophotometer (P-E 180), UV-visible spectrophotometers
(Cary Model 14 and Beckman Model B) , chemiluminescent equipment,
atomic absorption, microbalances, liquid chromatographs, and other
modern analytical laboratory instruments.
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The mobile source testing facility is installed at Beaunit's Technical
Center in Research Triangle Park. Installed equipment includes a water brake
certification dynamometer complete with a constant-volume sampler and a
particulate sampling tunnel. Also available for installation are two engine
dynamometers for light-duty engines and one engine dynamometer for heavy-
duty engines. Dilution tunnel and constant-volume samplers are available
to allow the measurement of gaseous and particulate emissions. This equip-
ment allows vehicles and engines to be operated under conditions which
simulate those encountered by the general population.
These facilities allow the operation of vehicles and engines to permit
evaluation of control devices (such as catalysts) and the characterization
(see above) of non-regulated emissions due to unusual operating conditions
or the use of other fuel components - either fuel additives or unusual fuels.
The analysis of air for pollutants by long-path infrared spectroscopy was
used by the early workers in the field of air pollution to detect ozone as
a constituent of smog. A new system, capable of detecting fractional parts
per billion (by volume) pollutant concentrations, is operated by CPL personnel.
This new long-path irradiation chamber has a basic length of approximately
30 feet: mirrors on each end provide an optical path of over 3000 feet.
When the effective path length of air is analyzed with a Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectrometer and a computer for nearly instantaneous data analysis,
pollutants at concentrations of a fraction of a part per billion (by volume)
can be identified and measured. The system is now used to detect pollutants
that have not been measured or that have been measured only with difficulty,
both in the laboratory and field.
Several mobile laboratories are used for field studies of atmospheric
chemistry and physics. These laboratories are equipped with gas chromato-
graphs and ozone, sulfur dioxide, and N0x analyzers. Aerosol sampling and
sizing equipment is available, as well as meteorological weather monitoring
equipment.
Two smog chambers, soon to be operational, will permit simulation of
polluted atmospheres for study of aerosol formation and growth and hydro-
carbon/nitrogen-oxide/oxidant reactions. Five chambers are in use for
simulating polluted atmospheres to study the effect of such atmospheres on
critical materials.
MAJOR PROGRAM AREAS
Principal efforts of personnel of the Chemistry and Physics Laboratory
are aimed in two directionsi studies of the physical and chemical transfor-
mation of atmospheric pollutants, and development of techniques and instru-
mentation for measuring air pollution.
Among ongoing studies in the area of pollutant transformation are those
on: formation and removal of noxious gases in the atmosphere; effects of
aerosol composition on visibility; oxldant/precursor relationships for control
strategies; the Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS), relating to air quality
characterization; the character and origin of aerosols; and effects of air
pollutants on organic and inorganic materials.
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Work relating to air pollution measurement includes: new and improved
methods for measuring and analyzing ambient air particulates; personal
exposure dosimeters; fine particulate methodology; the RAPS; gaseous pollutants
in ambient air; mobile source emissions; gaseous pollutants emitted from
stationary sources; criteria for selection of stationary source measurement
strategies or methodology and instrumentation; and particulates and
hazardous substances emitted from stationary sources.
Formation and Removal of Noxious Gases in the Atmosphere. Transformations of
sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and organic pollutants are being identified
and described quantitatively. Gas- and condensed-phase processes are both
under investigation. Reactivities and reaction paths are being established.
Intermediate chemical species as well as final oxidation products are being
identified and measured. Real atmospheres are studied at selected locations
using mobile equipment. Simulated polluted atmospheres are studied under
controlled conditions in the laboratory. Results, being fit into chemical
mechanisms, are yielding parameters for the mathematical modeling of the
atmospheric transformation processes. The results are disseminated in reports
on the chemical and physical processes involved in the formation, transport,
and removal of toxic and noxious substances in the atmosphere. Technical
papers are published which provide insights into the self-cleansing properties
of the atmosphere. Rate and mechanism data are provided for the mathematical
modeling of the reactions in the polluted air. Relationships between pol-
lutant emissions and adverse effects are described. Advice is given as to
control strategies for minimizing the formation of noxious gases in the
atmosphere. Nearly all of the nine atmospheric noxious gas tasks described
below are multi-year projects which will be continued. As solutions are
developed for the problems being studied, emphasis will be shifted to unsolved
problems in the same research area.
Field Studies of Gaseous Pollutants. The objectives of these studies are
to characterize the St. Louis and Houston atmospheres. Our interest includes
compositional differences as well as similarities of air samples as a function
of time of day and sample site location. Of principal interest is the hydro-
carbon distribution, oxides of nitrogen concentration, and oxidant production
in these two cities. Future work of this type will involve vinyl chloride
and other halogenated pollutants in Houston, and oxidant transport in the
Ohio/Indiana area.
In-situ Pollutant Identification by Spectroscopy. FTS infrared spectroscopy
methods are used for in-situ identification of products from atmospheric
photooxidation of hydrocarbons. Mirrors have been installed in the interior
of a smog chamber and serve as part of the optical system of an FTS
spectrometer. Observations are made upon photoirradiated mixtures of HC
and NO at ppm-levels and the analytical effort is focused on species that
cannot^e measured by analytical techniques that require sample-handling.
Such evidence assists the development of mathematical models of photochemical
smog and allows assessment of the role of the various primary pollutants
in the smog forming process. Topics of interest include: mechanism of the
ozonolysis of olefins, role of H20 in photochemical reactions, the photo-
oxidation of aldehydes and fate of the carbon in aromatic~NO systems.
Future work will include the photolysis of alkyl nitrites.
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Oas-Phase Ozonolysis. The object of this continuing research grant is to
resolve the discrepancies in the reported values of the second order rate
constants for olefins/ozone reactions. The effect of decreasing the reac-
tant concentrations is being investigated and the product yield studied.
These studies should produce a detailed mechanism for ozone/olefin reaction
in the gas phase.
Oxidation and Removal of Gaseous Pollutants. The objective of this continuing
research grant is to understand the primary process in the photochemistry
of SO and to measure the reactivity of other pollutants in systems of atmos-
pheric interest. Rate constants have been measured for R-C03 + SO and
RO + SO reactions. Future studies will concentrate on understanding S02
oxidation in the atmosphere and on understanding free radical reactions in
general.
Los Angeles Reactive Pollutant Study. This study is a cooperative program
with the Coordinating Research Council, now in its data analysis and reporting
phase: it may be concluded next year. An attempt is being made to develop
a model of a reacting, moving parcel of polluted air in the Los Angeles area.
Measurements were made on such pollutants as NO, N0£, 0^, CO, and hydrocarbons.
Samplers were both airborne and groundbased. Air movements were tracked
with tetroons and radar.
Halogenated Compounds in the Atmosphere. This research grant task at Rutgers
University is concerned with the measurement, tropospheric reactions and
lifetimes of Freons. In the past several years, the use of fluorinated
hydrocarbons has increased considerably. Lovelock's tropospheric measure-
ments show that Freon 11 and 12 are increasing almost proportionately to
the emission rates. This work will look into possible removal processes
for the Freons. If no removal processes occur, then recommendations will
probably have to be made on the wisdom of the buildup of non-reactive halo-
carbons in the atmosphere. Work during the coming year will be expanded
to. allow increased field measurements, using a mobile laboratory.
Chemistry of Nitrogen Compounds in Air. Comparisons of atmospheric data
show emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO ) to be greater than the observed
nitrate and NO aerometric concentrations. Also, atmospheric modelers have
arbitrarily reduced NO in order to obtain satisfactory models of Los
Angeles' type smog. l£ is apparent that a problem exists either in the
manner in which NO is measured or that large unknown sinks are removing
NO from the atmosphere. In the coming year, field measurements will be
maSe in two cities, using groundbased and airborne sensors.
Photochemical Model Development. The objective of this work to be continued
through intramural and contract effort, is to develop a kinetic mechanism
describing photochemical smog formation that can be incorporated into
diffusion models to assess air quality. The mechanism developed will be
tested against smog chamber data obtained for the Regional Air Pollution
Study. Additional studies are underway to determine rate constants (for
use in these models) for some reactions of importance in smog formation.
Experimental Studies of Control Strategies. The task now in the stage of
analysis, and reporting of the first year's data, calls for continuation of
smog chamber tests of hydrocarbon (HO/NO^ mixtures to determine the effect
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of the reactant HC concentration on concentration of the N0„ product.
Reactant mixtures are similar to those encountered in a typical urban at-
mosphere and are irradiated in a dual-compartment 14,000 cu. ft. outdoor
smog chamber. Effects of HC are determined in the experiment by using a
differential design such that the reactant mixtures in the two chamber
compartments differ only in HC concentration. Resultant evidence provides
a first-approximation estimate of the effect of hydrocarbon control on
ambient NOData taking will continue in the coming year.
Effects of Aerosol Composition on Visibility. Visibility reduction is the
most obvious effect of atmospheric pollution, but ironically it is not well
understood. It is recognized that visibility is spoiled by light scattering
from aerosol particles, but the physics of the scattering phenomenon and
the chemistry of the formation and growth of the scattering particles have
not been adequately explained. In order to bring visibility loss under
control, further scientific study of its causes is required.
Optical properties of primary and secondary aerosols are being measured;
the relationships between the physics of the scattering phenomenon and the
chemistry of the formation and growth of the scattering particles have not
been adequately explained. In order to bring visibility loss under control,
further scientific study of its causes is required.
Optical properties of primary and secondary aerosols are being measured;
the relationships between the physical and chemical properties of the aerosols
and the scattering and absorption are being outlined; water evaporation
and condensation within aerosols are being measured; Mie scattering is being
calculated and measured; quantitative data are being developed on the con-
version of NO and SO to particulate nitrate and sulfate,
x x
The output of the program will include: optical properties of primary
and secondary aerosols; relationships between visibility loss and aerosol
characteristics such as size, shape, and chemical composition; effects of
relative humidity on aerosol properties; scientific data for visibility
criteria and standards; and data from which to derive pollution control
strategies which will improve atmospheric visibility.
Determination of Oxidant/Precursor Relationships for Control Strategies.
Oxidants are legally controlled pollutants, but they are not emitted directly
to the atmosphere. An oxidant is formed in the air by photochemical reactions
involving nitrogen oxides, oxygen, and hydrocarbons. The word oxidant desig-
nates material which causes an oxidation reaction in certain test procedures.
It generally consists of about 90 percent ozone and 10 percent peroxy acyl
nitrates.
Control of oxidants follows from control of their precursors - nitrogen
oxides and hydrocarbons. Permissible limits of the precursor concentrations
must therefore be based on knowledge of the photochemical processes in the
air. The oxidant/precursor relationships must be determined in quantitative
detail.
The problem is studied in laboratory simulations which yield precise
but indirect determination of the oxidant/precursor relationships. Field
studies are also being carried out for approximate but direct determination
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q£ the relationships. From the results of all the studies, empirical rela—
tionships among the chemical variables are derived.
The output will be reports presenting the quantitative relationships
between the oxidants and the oxidant precursors under various ambient
conditions. Such information is to serve as scientific basis for
recommending regulatory actions concerned with improvement of the oxidant
related air quality.
Several projects were initiated in 1973 to further define these rela-
tionships. Smog chamber tests are being conducted on hydrocarbon/NOx mixtures
similar to those encountered in typical urban atmospheres. Also, testing
will be conducted under conditions similar to those that prevail in oxidant/
transport phenomena; namely, prolonged and repeated irradiations. Results
will be used to compare the oxidant/HC/NO relationships with those observed
under non-transport conditions. Such evidence will serve to more defini-
tively assess the importance of oxidant transport phenomena and to provide
bases for inclusion of transport considerations in the design of oxidant
abatement strategies.
The task, effect of emission control on oxidant/hydrocarbon relation-
ships, calls for smog chamber testing of HC/NOx mixtures similar to those in
the exhaust from current automobiles and from automobiles equipped with
control devices capable of meeting the 1975 and 1976 emission standards.
Results will be analyzed to provide a first estimate of the effect that
the control-induced change in HC composition would have on the oxidant/HC
relationship. Such information will serve to improve the accuracy of the
oxidant/precursor relationships that are used as the basis of the control
strategy for oxidant abatement.
In the study of aerosol formation as a function of reactant concentra-
tion, smog chamber tests were directed to the study of aerosol formation as
a function of controllable aerosol precursors. Results will be used in
attempts to develop an empirical model relating aerosol mass load (and its
carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen components) to the concentrations of the HC,
NO , and SO- reactants. Such information will contribute toward an infor-
mation base needed to develop a control strategy for aerosol pollution
abatement.
During the study of oxidants as a function of HC, NO , light intensity
and other factors, smog chamber tests are to be conducted on HC/NO mixtures
similar to those encountered in typical urban atmospheres. Tests will
generate evidence on: the oxidant/HC/NO^ relationships under extremely low
reactant concentration conditions; the degree of linearity of the oxidant/HC
relationship at optimum HC-to-NO ratios; the appropriateness of the labora-
tory radiation systems as substitutes for natural sunlight; and oxidant-
yield reactivities of selected organics. Resulting evidence will strengthen
the validity of or improve the oxidant/precursor relationships that are
used as the basis of current oxidant abatement strategy.
The Laboratory's work on analyzing atmospheric gaseous pollution measure
ments calls for analysis of existing atmospheric data to quantitatively
relate afternoon concentration of oxidant - measured directly - to early
morning concentrations of HC and NO^ - surmised from the detailed analysis
20
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of the afternoon air samples. It also calls for analyses of polluted air
to improve research methodology. Resulting evidence will ultimately determine
the relationships between oxidants, HC, and NO in ambient air directly
and hence, will provide bases for checking the validity of the oxidant/HC/
NO^ relationships obtained indirectly.
Experimental studies of the effect of HC control on ambient NC>2 involves
continuation of smog chamber tests of hydrocarbon/NO mixtures to determine
the effect of the reactant hydrocarbon concentrationXon the concentration of
the NC>2 product. Reactant mixtures will be similar to those encountered in
a typical urban atmosphere and will be irradiated in a dual-compartment
14,000 cu. ft. outdoor smog chamber. The effect of HC will be determined
in the experiment by using a differential design such that the reactant
mixtures in the two-chamber compartments will differ only in HC concentration.
Resultant evidence will serve to provide a first-approximation estimate of
the effect of hydrocarbon control on ambient NO^.
Regional Air Pollution Study (RAPS): Air Quality Characterization. The
monitoring network of the RAPS will measure gaseous pollutant concentrations
and meteorological variables for use in modeling the transport of the pol-
lutants in the urban air mass. However, the network will have little impact
on describing and modeling the transformations of the pollutants, especially
aerosol formation and growth. It has therefore been necessary to establish
this subprogram which addresses atmospheric chemistry problems.
A team of experienced aerosol scientists was assembled in St. Louis in
the Summer of 1973 to conduct an intensive aerosol characterization program.
Previous experience with the California aerosol was the basis for the de-
velopment of the aerosol study. Special EPA mobile facilities for aerosol
characterization were used. The results of the study are currently being
analyzed and developed for publication. Two gaseous pollutant transformation
projects have been under way: the first is the study of the transformations
of NO and SO in power plant plumes; and the second is laboratory veri-
fication of tfte kinetic models which are to be applied to the network data.
The program output includes: identification of sources of visibility
loss In St. Louis; specifications of particle sizes, size spectra, and
chemical composition; fine particle spatial distribution; identification
of gas/particle interactions for development of visibility reduction models;
data on choice of tracer substances for study of regional atmospheres; and
chemical inputs to the photochemical modeling effort. This work area
involves several tasks.
Aerosol Size Distribution. The basic objective of this research has been:
to modernize, extend, further develop, and utilize an already existing
capability for the measurement of atmospheric aerosols; to apply this
capability in the field, in collaboration with other investigators; and
to increase the Laboratory's analysis, interpretation, and publication
efforts using existing data. The specific objectives for 1973 and 1974
are: to assist EPA in outfitting and operating EPA's mobile field labora-
tory in St. Louis in August and September 1973; to begin development of
a mobile laboratory (with gas, particle, and meteorological monitoring
equipment and a minicomputer-based data acquisition and instrument control
system) for use in St. Louis in 1975; to increase the level of data
21
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analysis and interpretation work on available data, using new data
presentation, and analysis forms and concepts; and participate in field
studies and data analysis for the RAPS in St. Louis.
Aerosol Chemical Composition. Application of a computer-controlled high-
resolution mass spectrometer to the determination of the molecular compo-
sition of atmospheric aerosols has been refined and extended. A system for
sampling, compatible with mass spectrometers, has been developed. Computer
control, data acquisition, and reduction (including software) have been
developed. Work to date has proven the capability of the entire system for
the simultaneous determination of up to 100 aerosol components, both
inorganic and organic. The system is being applied to the measurement of
the composition of aerosols collected in the St. Louis Program.
Visibility Degradation Model. Laboratory and field studies are developing
empirical relationships and physical models to calculate visibility as a
function of aerosol mass concentration, chemical composition, size distri-
bution, optical properties, and relative humidity. Field studies and model
development are concentrating on the St. Louis area.
Kinetic Model Verification. Smog chamber studies in the new Riverside
chamber facility are being conducted for the purpose of gathering accurate
and detailed data to aid in the development of photochemical models.
Detailed studies of simple olefin, aromatic, and paraffin systems are
being carried out; the effects of H^O, CO, and aldehydes on the rate of
oxidation of NO are also under investigation.
22
Mobltz Labonatony fan. AtmoAphonic A&iotol Ru>
-------
SO and NO Transformations in Plumes. NO , SO and related acids will be
' i i. .I. ¦ - i i. . - "^j*1 1 iii-. . i . ... n . i — y ' y
measured on plumes of St. Louis power plants. Physical dilution of effluent
will be determined with SF^ as a tracer. Air samples will be collected
by airplane and returned to Brookhaven National Laboratories for analysis.
Isotope ratios will be studied. Conversion mechanisms and rates will be
supplied to the developers of the overall St. Louis airshed model. To
date the effort has concentrated on laboratory preparation and method
development.
Aerosol Spatial Distribution. The objective of this work is to conduct a
systematic ambient, laboratory and numerical study of urban aerosol dynamics;
i.e., on the spatio-temporal variation of important aerosol parameters such
as respirable fraction, and light scattering. The present study, designed
from the point of view of an urban air pollution system, is intended to be
an integral part of the St. Louis RAPS. Specific objectives of this research
for the first year were: to characterize spatial distribution of the ambient
atmospheric aerosol in St. Louis in terms of its physical properties, size
and mass distribution (using electrical mobility analyzer, high-resolution
optical counter, and impactor), volatility (aerosol heater), and morphology
(electron microscopy); to obtain aerosol samples for chemical analysis by
other participants in RAPS; and to provide logistical and facility support
to the activities of EPA and other investigators participating in the
St. Louis project.
FoiWizK TfianA ^ohm
Sp&c&ioAcopy StucLieA
oft ktmoh pkinlc.
Photo ck&iy
Air Pollutant Effects on Organic and Inorganic Materials. The interaction
of gaseous and particulate pollutants with material surfaces is of vital
interest from two points of view: the damage inflicted on man-made materials
by acidic vapors, soot, and other airborne matter is of concern; and the
uptake of pollutants by the surfaces is a major removal path and must be
understood quantitatively for development of atmospheric models and control
plans.
23
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Statistically designed laboratory controlled environment experiments
are being used to establish cause/effect relationships between pollutants
and materials. Laboratory experiments with SO^, N02> and 0 are being
carried out on an intramural basis. The results of these studies will
include reports and documents on the direct and synergistic effects of air
pollutants on nine classes of sensitive economically important materials.
Final reports will contain dose/response data, at pollution levels below
primary standards, that may be used to set secondary air quality standards.
Quantitative data will be generated on the rates of uptake of individual
pollutants by surfaces of various types.
In the materials damage survey, an evolved two-level fractional factorial
experiment has been conducted using controlled environment chambers, to
screen and assess the damaging effects, both direct and synergistic, of
SO , NO , 0- and climatic parameters on steel, galvanizing aluminum, tires,
paints,Aplastics, fabrics and dyes, marble, and concrete.
Based on the results of this experiment, a more definitive orthogonal
square controlled environment experiment will be designed and conducted
during the coming year to produce dose/response relationships for materials
found to be sensitive to air pollution, both directly and synergistically.
Two additional programs will be undertaken in 1974. The first will
be a multi-year field study of pollutant effects on materials, to be
conducted in St. Louis with the assistance of Rockwell personnel who are
contractors for the RAPS. Materials will be exposed at selected locations
and examined periodically for damage. An effort will be made to correlate
observed damage with measured pollution levels. The second new undertaking
will be a laboratory investigation of the up-take of pollutants by various
types of materials.
Character and Origin of Aerosols. Physical and chemical properties of source,
ambient, and natural aerosols are being determined. Aerosol generation rates
for various sources are being established. The major sinks for aerosol
pollutants are being identified and the removal rates established. The
effects of the aerosols on gas-phase atmospheric chemical reactions are
under investigation, along with the gas/particle conversions and the par-
ticle removal processes. The results of the research are being used: to
establish the contribution of the various sources to the ambient atmospheric
aerosol loading; to characterize urban, natural, primary source, and
secondary source aerosols; to develop quantitative descriptions of generation
and removal rates associated with each major aerosol source and sink, and to
quantify aerosol effects on atmospheric chemical reactions. The scientific
data are basic to the promulgation of fine particle criteria and standards
and to the development of effective control procedures.
Relating Fine Particle Aerosols to Sources. The pollution aerosol is a
dynamic system whose physical and chemical characteristics depend in a com-
plex way on the background aerosol and on particle and gas emissions. The
goal of this research is to develop experimental and theoretical methods
for relating the properties of the pollution aerosol to the characteristics
of emission sources. This is being accomplished by: starting from the
observed characteristics of the pollution aerosol and formulating a set
of hypotheses relating the aerosol to the sources of particles and gases;
24
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carrying out laboratory experiments and theoretical calculations aimed at
testing these mechanisms; and arriving, at a tested quantitative understanding
of the origins of the smog aerosol. Experimental studies include investi-
gations of the conversion of organic gases and SO^ to particulate matter
in an ozone-rich atmosphere.
Aerosol Optical Characteristics. The objective of this work is to
chemically analyze aerosol particles while still in the dispersed state,
thus avoiding errors due to compositional changes during collection.
Measurement of optical properties such as infrared absorption seems to be
the most promising route. Initial studies are devoted to the feasibility
of candidate techniques, especially the Laser Absorption Spectrophone
method.
Aerosol Modeling. A variety of aerosol submodels are under development.
Chemical and physical aspects of aerosol formation growth, and removal
are being integrated into a larger model. The models are being applied
to field and laboratory data.
Theoretical Studies of Aerosol Physics. This research grant is devoted to
theoretical development of aerosol dynamics to provide practical models
that describe the growth of aerosol particles in the atmosphere, the
evaluation of size distributions, and applications in air cleaning and
health.
Chamber Research on Aerosol Formation. A 20,800 cu. ft. chamber at Calspan
and smaller chambers at the University of Minnesota have been used to
produce aerosols photochemically from mixtures of hydrocarbons and NO with
and without SO2. Aerosol particle growth has been investigated as a func-
tion of reactant concentrations, relative humidity, and temperature.
Experiments will also be conducted to study the influence of surface-to-
volume effects, surface contaminants, and stirring on aerosol formation
and growth.
Aerosol Formation from Naturally Emitted Hydrocarbons. Research focuses on
the conversion of terpene-type hydrocarbons to aerosol particles with
emphasis on quantitative and qualitative analysis of the organic content
of the latter. Such information will serve to assess the contribution of
naturally emitted hydrocarbons to air pollution.
Organic Analysis of Atmospheric and Laboratory Aerosols. Model aerosols
are generated from selected individual hydrocarbons representative of those
emitted to the atmosphere from natural and technological sources. The
organic fraction of the aerosols is being characterized in detail. The
effects of various simulated atmospheres on yields and type of products
generated from different hydrocarbons (aromatics, olefins, paraffins, and
terpenes) and their contribution to aerosol formation are being investigated.
Experimental Laboratory Studies of Aerosol Dynamics. This program will
obtain the experimental data needed to develop chemical, physical, and
mathematical models of atmospheric aerosol formation and growth. The pro-
gram emphasizes studies of elementary chemical and physical processes and
includes simulation of photochemical processes. Aerosol formation processes
being studied include those which produce complex organic mixtures. Physical
25
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Smog CkambeA Studio oh ktmobphdrvLc PhotockmlitAc/
processes being studied include nucleation of the reaction products and
growth by condensation and coagulation. Parameters to be varied include
number, size, distribution, and chemical composition of pre-existing nuclei,
relative humidity, and temperature. The data will be made available for
analysis and modeling by other organizations as requested by EPA.
Elemental Analysis and Source Identification for Aerosols. The transport
of heavy metals and other elements in aerosols is being investigated in
St. Louis by sample collection of filters and cascade impactors, chemical
analysis by neutron activation and X-ray fluorescence, and correlation with
several variables. The relative importance of natural terrestrial and
marine sources and urban or industrial pollution sources is determined for
each element, as well as the effect of source processes on particle size
distribution. The study should improve EPA's prediction capability for:
the distance of transport of different elements, its dependence on particle
size and meteorological factors, and a determination of the extent of impact
of pollution sources on air quality at distances remote from the sources.
Aerosol Formation in a Flowing Reactor Tube. The formation mechanism and
composition of photochemical aerosols which are produced in a fast-flow
reactor, yet are typical of photochemical aerosols found in the real
atmosphere, are under study. The produced aerosol is being characterized
both chemically and physically to derive the initial mechanisms for gas-to-
aerosol conversion.
26
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X-Ray Fluorescence AnaZyiLi AtmoApkeJiic
VaAticuZatu WoJXui
Air Pollution Measurement. The second of the Chemistry and Physics Labora-
tory's two major functional work areas (the first is pollutant transformation
studies) relates to techniques and instrumentation for measuring air pol-
lution. The work area can be subdivided into the following projects.
Ambient Air Particulate Measurement and Analysis Methods. The aim of this
project is to provide EPA with the capability of measuring parameters judged
to be relevant to pollution of the atmosphere by suspended particles.
Parameters of present concern include mass, particle-size distribution,
elemental composition, and visibility attenuation.
Considerable progress has been made in the design of collectors
capable of segregating particles in two size regimes (0 to 3.5 and 3.5 to
20 microns) on a Teflon surface. Exposed filters are examined for mass
determination by Beta ray attenuation, and for elemental composition by
X-ray fluorescence. Filters, filter holders, filter transport mechanisms,
and identification-coding and decoding devices have been or are being de-
signed for total compatibility, resulting in a system geared to the
handling of large numbers of samples with minimum opportunity for human
error.
A major step forward was the development of a simple, sensitive, and
reasonably specific device for the automated collection and quantification
of sulfuric acid mist. Evaluation is planned early in 1974. A similar
device capable of measuring particulate nitrate is also being developed.
27
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The X-ray fluorescence technique for measurement of trace elements in
airborne particles has been notably improved through updated computer pro-
gramming that eliminates inaccuracies previously incurred as a result of
variations in particle size.
Future effort will include further improvements in collection, sizing
and analyzing techniques, and development of objective methods of assessing
visibility reduction.
Important progress was made toward development of a rapid method for
the measurement of benzo-a-pyrene, an important carcinogenic component of
pollutant particles.
Personal Exposure Dosimeters. This program, new in 1973, is aimed at pro-
viding simple devices that will record the exposure of individuals to
specific pollutants, independently of movements of those individuals within
and between areas of differing pollutant levels.
A major initial contract-procurement effort is directed toward prep-
aration of a state-of-the-art survey to identify available measurement
techniques, to clarify uncertainties in information needs (e.g., time
resolution, sensitivity, and precision) and to assess the degree to which
it may be reasonably assumed that existing miniaturization techniques can
be applied to the several candidate measurement methods. Concurrently,
procurement is being sought for a small number of prototype sensors for
pilot use and evaluation. Such pilot use will aid in establishing realistic
design criteria for future prototype procurements.
Future effort will be, to a very large extent, indicated by results
of the study alluded to above. It will eventuate in the provision of viable
measurement instruments/methods for the important gaseous pollutants as a
first phase. Subsequent phases will provide devices for the collection of
a particulate matter and for the assessment of physiological effects.
Fine Particulate Methodology. The objective of this program is to develop
a simple, low-cost, 2- or 3-stage device that will effect the dichotomous
collection of respirable and non-respirable particles from ambient air in
a manner compatible with subsequent assessment of their mass and chemical
composition.
During 1973, laboratory and preliminary design work led to initiation
of a procurement for the fabrication of prototype 2-stage collection devices
that will be fieldworthy yet amenable to production at moderate ($2K) cost.
Design criteria include an intake section whose performance will not be
seriously perturbed by wind direction or speed up to 15 km/hr.
Future activity will include field evaluation of the product of the
procurement described above and fabrication of improved second-generation
prototypes. Every effort will be made to provide the capability of real-
time assessment of fine-particle burden in the final product. A corollary
activity is the development of reliable methods for generating monodisperse
aerosols of precisely known particle size, for calibration of sizing
instrumentation.
28
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RAPS Measurements and Instrumentation. The objective of this program is
to provide measurement capabilities necessary to complete the Regional Air
Pollution Study (RAPS). The major accomplishment in 1973 was the awarding
of a contract for activation and operation of Regional Air Monitoring
System (RAMS) to Rockwell International.
An X-ray fluorescence analyzer was fabricated, providing RAPS with the
capability of analyzing collected particulate samples for up to 30 elements.
Sensitivity and analysis time are sufficient to handle large numbers of
samples collected over a period of two hours or more.
Twelve automated dichotomous samplers were fabricated to collect par-
ticulate samples, segregating respirable from non-respirable fractions.
A beta-gauge was developed to assess the mass of particles in each fraction
collected. This gauge will be fabricated to handle the same samples
collected for X-ray analysis.
Two separate laser-powered long-path spectrophotometers were developed
for use in RAPS for determining gaseous pollutant burdens, averaged over
line-of-sight paths of up to 1 km. Results will be utilized in improving
pollution-transport modeling capability. These instruments are capable
of analyzing for CO, 0^, SC^, and other pollutants.
A contract was let for fabrication of a fluorescence instrument for
measuring NO^. This, a direct measurement, will assist in confirming data
generated by chemiluminescence (indirect) instruments in RAMS.
A gas-chromatographic instrument capable of measuring acetylene at
levels of 0.1 ppb was fabricated under contract. This capability will be
used in studies applying acetylene as an intrinsic tracer-substance
indicative of automotive traffic.
Further work in this task will consist largely of field trials and
applications of the techniques described above.
Instruments for Measuring Gaseous Pollutants in Ambient Air. The objective
of this program is to provide EPA with both instrumental and laboratory
methods for the measurement of important gaseous pollutants such as ozone,
NO , SO , CO, and hydrocarbons. Its aims are: to provide measurement
capabilfty for a specific pollutant where a need is known to exist; to
improve that capability to an EPA—acceptable level of reliability; to
simplify the hardware resulting from initial efforts to a degree permitting
routine operation of the method or instrument by personnel available to
enforcement agencies; and to seek design optima (or alternate methods/instru-
ments) that will facilitate proliferation at costs commensurate with EPA
resources.
This task has originated, developed, and encouraged commercialization
of an entirely new family of instruments for the measurement of specific
compounds, based on the identification and application of their reactions
with other selected gases to generate light. Instruments based on this
principle are now available and are gaining acceptance for the measurement
of ozone, SO , NO, and N0„. Gas chromatographic techniques have been
developed as part of this task, and have attained commerical success for
29
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Lcti>eA Spec&ioAcop-lc Ahaly&AJ> o{, Mn PoZlutanXA
rhe measurement of S0o, H.S, SO, methane, acetylene, and non-methane
hydrocarbons. An improve! laboratory method for the collection and measure-
ment of NO, has been developed and is now being evaluated. Research on
rmt-ical techniques for the measurement of gaseous pollutants, integrated
nver oaths of up to 1 km, has been advanced through the development of a
technique for verifying results obtained against concurrent point-sampling
determinations along the path.
Future work in this area includes improvements in existing chemi-
luminescence instruments, and research on the detection of Plants
t-hroueh their effects up on the electrical properties of solid-state devices.
P t ntially this effort can lead to another new family of instruments of
extremely simple design and low cost. Long-path optical instrumentation
will be further developed and evaluated in the field.
Source Emissions. Activities encompassed in this task include the
f.—:"ticn and description of emissions and their measurement from all mobile
qources1 Possible emissions are investigated and techniques for their
measurement are developed. The operational parameters of this measurement
re defined so that the critical health related questions can be investi-
3 ted Physical and kinetic considerations are addressed in order to define
tactical limits of consideration. Emphasis is on currently nonregulated
P issions that might have the greatest impact on our environment. Techniques
for the measurement of regulated emissions are continually reviewed to assess
their efficacy.
30
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Light Vuty I'nlvicZn R&&ea/ich
This project was transferred to NERC/RTP from NERC/Cincinnati in FY
1973. The major initial effort was to set up facilities for mobile testing.
Such testing requires that vehicles be operated realistically and that the
average emissions be delineated in a fashion that can be related to their
impact on the environment. Dynamometers have been installed, as well as
analytical test equipment, to measure the emissions. Ongoing projects
include: measurement of oxygenated hydrocarbons, primarily aldehydes;
detailed identification of the hydrocarbon composition of emissions; measure-
ment of particulate emissions, both inorganic and organic; continued assess-
ment of current instrumental techniques for regulated emissions; and
development of instrumentation to assess non-regulated emissions.
In the past year, methodology has been delineated to routinely perform
detailed analysis of hydrocarbons, analysis of nonreactive hydrocarbons,
and objective analysis of diesel odors.
Methodology is being developed to assess sulfate emissions and to
measure SO^ in exhaust.
Major efforts have been expended to define particulate emissions and
the technology for measuring them. This work has lead to the measurement
of particulate from a wide variety of light duty vehicles, including vehicles
operated on nonstandard fuels, with and without catalysts, and with and
without other novel control systems.
Projects are currently under way to extend these techniques to heavy-
duty vehicles and other mobile sources.
LiJJRARY / r 31
UUUoaal linvuomaantal RfcS-urch Center
2,00 5. W. 36th Straot
CorvalUs, Otogcn 87330
-------
lYiWilofi Mob-Lie.
Van fan. Remote.
Optical MeaAuAzrmnt
ofc Aajl PolZutantt>
Analytical methodology has been developed to measure NO ; techniques
for measurement of CO and hydrocarbons have been updated; an§ aircraft
standards have been reviewed. Nonregulated emissions are being assessed,
particularly from catalyst vehicles, for sulfate, nitrate, and metallic
emissions. Methodology is being sought for potential carcinogenic material
such as polycyclic organics. Research methodology is being reduced to prac-
tical terms for use in more general surveillance wherever possible.
Gaseous Pollutants Emitted from Stationary Sources. The objectives of this
project are to develop and evaluate measurement techniques and monitoring
systems for gaseous emissions in support of these regulations for selected
industrial sources. The R&D program consists of one or more of the
following efforts to meet the required needs: establish the state-of-the-
art; conduct feasibility studies of new or improved concepts and evaluate
their application to specific gas pollutants; develop and evaluate field
prototypes; and evaluate commercially available prototype systems. Methods
and measurement systems include improved manual methods, in-stack instru-
mentation and remote sensors for sulfur-containing compounds, NO , halides,
CO, hydrocarbons, and odorous materials. Also involved is the development
of supporting technology including both flow and temperature measurements
as well as sample conditioning mechanisms.
Commercial prototype monitoring systems have been evaluated on coal-
burning power plants for SO^ and NO^. Research instrumentation for remote
measurements by 13 spectroscopy has been developed and delivered to provide
field research capability. EPA Method 6 (for SO^) was studied for the purpose
of improving end point titration. Method 7 (for NO ) was compared in the
field with a potential alternative method. A disc dilution sampling inter-
32
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face was developed in-house and a commercial prototype device was constructed
and tested. A design criteria manual for extractive sampling systems was
prepared. A report on odor measurement was completed for the animal-
rendering industry.
Evaluation and development of compliance test methods and monitoring
systems applied to selected industries will continue in the order in which
emission standards are proposed for Group II, III, IV, etc. sources. Ongoing
activities include: investigation of an integrated mass measurement system
for SC^; further improvement and/or modification of manual methods for NO ;
in-house studies of several new sensor concepts for SO and NO ; development
for an across-the-stack system for measurement of SO , HF, HC1* and NO;
study of odor measurement techniques for specific industries; and development
of a prototype remote analyzer for SO2.
Selection of Criteria for Stationary-Source Measurement Strategies. The
objectives of this activity are to develop performance criteria for pre-
scribed methods and monitoring systems and to establish test procedures by
which criteria can be verified. These criteria and procedures provide the
technical data to support the prescribed methods and monitoring requirements
and to assess the capability and accuracy of equivalent or alternate
measurement methods.
Compliance test methods for NO and SO^ were evaluated at coal-burning
power plants; monitoring systems for these pollutants were tested under
field operating conditions. A technical document was completed on per-
formance specifications and test procedures for monitoring system for NO ,
S02, and visible emissions from Group I stationary sources.
Compliance test methods and monitoring systems for specified pollutant
emissions from selected industries will be evaluated and performance criteria
will be developed as regulations are proposed and promulgated for various
industries. Ongoing activities are concerned with: sulfuric acid mist
monitoring of acid plants; CO; hydrocarbons monitoring guidelines from
petroleum refineries; particulate mass method criteria for Group I sources;
test method criteria for mercury and beryllium; and visible emissions moni-
toring guidelines for Group II sources.
Particulates from Stationary Sources. The objective of this project is to
develop and evaluate measurement techniques and monitoring systems in support
of regulations for selected industrial sources. The R&D program consists
of one or more of the following efforts to meet the required needs: estab-
lish the state-of-the-art; conduct feasibility studies of new or improved
concepts and evaluate their application to specific particle parameters;
develop and evaluate field prototypes; and evaluate commercially available
prototype system.
An evaluation of the manual test method for mass loading was completed
for particulate emissions from power plants and incinerators. A state-of-
the-art study of particulate monitoring for power plant emissions was com-
pleted and preliminary field studies on some prototype monitoring systems
were reported. White smoke guides were developed and are commercially
available for opacity measurements. A remote sensing research monitor for
33
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opacity measurement was developed and field studies initiated on design
criteria for a field prototype development. An X-ray fluorescence system
for trace metal analysis has been obtained and is being adapted for chemical
composition studies of particulate emissions.
The particulate mass test method and the opacity monitoring system
applied to selected industries will be evaluated in the order that the
emission standards are proposed for Group I, II etc. sources. Ongoing
activities are concerned with: the development and evaluation of a con-
tinuous mass monitor using the beta-gauge technique; the evaluation of
indirect methods of mass monitoring such as electrical and optical methods;
the development and evaluation of size measurement methods including both
manual and continuous monitoring types; the development of composition
analysis procedures using the X-ray fluorescence technique; and sampling
technology and strategy that include isokineticity, cyclonic flow, nozzle
design, and probe design to provide valid measurement of extracted
particulate samples.
Hazardous Substances Emitted from Stationary Sources. The first group of
substances designated for national emission standards for hazardous air
pollutants includes asbestos, beryllium, and mercury. Future designations
may include such materials as toxic metals (Pb, Cd, V, Ni, Co, Cr, Mn, As,
and Se) or groups of organic matter (POM). The purpose of this work is to
develop measurement methods to obtain reliable emission data and to support
emission standards for these substances. The program consists of one or
more of the following approaches to achieve a working method or system:
feasibility study of new concepts and their evaluation for specific pollu-
tants; development and evaluation of a research prototype; development and
evaluation of a field prototype; and evaluation of commercial prototype
systems.
An engineering prototype analytical system was developed for monitoring
beryllium and cadmium based on a R.F. plasma and A.C. arc-induced emissions
spectroscopy. Briefing documents were prepared on the current technology
available for continuous monitoring of ten metallic elements. Labora-
tory and field studies were conducted on the performance of available instru-
mentation for measuring mercury emissions from several sources. Feasibility
studies were completed for two methods for measuring asbestos: one combines
scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence analysis; and the other
uses X-ray diffraction.
Activities which are ongoing or will be initiated include: development
of manual sampling and analytical methods for nine toxic metals which might
be designated as hazardous air pollutants; investigation of the reference
method for the two currently designated metals (beryllium and mercury);
evaluation of high resolution X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) for
multi-elemental analysis; development of standards suitable for XRF instru-
ment calibration; and development of sampling procedures for POM and
polychlorinated biphenyls. A comparative evaluation will also be initiated
for existing analytical procedures for asbestos.
34
-------
FUNDING SUMMARIES
FOR
FISCAL YEARS 1974, 1973,1972, AND 1971
-------
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LABORATORY RESOURCES
FISCAL YEAR 1974
(dollars in thousands)
Funding allocations
Category
Permanent
positions
In-house
Grants
Contracts
Inter-
agency
Total
Instrumentation and
analytical methods
development
Ambient air
Stationary sources
Mobile sources
19.9
16.9
12.2
655.0
670.5
460.0
242.0
126.5
279.0
1,177.4
134.0
34.0
40.0
1,210.0
2,014.4
594.0
Technical assistance
Energy add-on
Laboratory management
Totals
3.0
7.0
75.0
158.0
220.0
30.0
75.0
250.0
158.0
59.0
2,018.5
368.5
1,810.4
104.0
4,301.4
Formation and decay of
pollutants
Aerosols
Gases
7.5
8.5
380.0
439.2
484.0
684.2
140.0
370.8
17.0
1,004.0
1,511.2
Materials
Energy add-on
5.2
140.0
-
220.0
30.0
140.0
250.0
Laboratory management
Totals
2.0
60.0
60.0
23.2
1,019.2
1,168.2
730.8
47.0
2,965.2
Fuel and fuel additives
registration
Totals
5.0
269.4
90.0
280.6
140.0
780.0
5,0
269.4
90.0
280.6
140.0
780.0
Regional Air Pollution
Study (RAPS)
Air quality
characterization
Measurements and
instrumentation
3.0
2.0
128.0
84.0
335.0
95.0
10.0
66.0
120.0
345.0
593.0
590.0
Totals
5.0
212.0
430.0
76.0
465.0
1,183.0
Grand totals
92.2
3,519.1
2,056.7
2,897.8
756.0
9,229.6
36
-------
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LABORATORY RESOURCES
FISCAL YEAR 1973
(dollars in thousands)
Funding allocations
Category
Permanent
positions
In-house
Grants
Contracts
Inter-
agency
Total
Instrumentation and
analytical methods
development
Ambient air
20.9
643.0
331.0
334.5
65.0
1,373.5
Stationary sources
17.9
659.0
182.0
1,132.7
114.0
2,087.7
Mobile sources
13.2
397.6
47.6
321.6
766.8
Laboratory management
7.0
162.9
162.9
Totals
59.0
1,862.5
560.6
1,788.8
179.0
4,390.9
Formation and decay
of pollutants
Aerosol
7.0
299.4
543.7
220.0
1,063.1
Gases
8.0
348.5
745.0
300.1
1,393.6
Laboratory management
2.0
42.2
42.2
Totals
17.0
690.1
1,288.7
520.1
2,498.9
Ecological impact of
air pollution
6.0
152.5
152.5
Totals
6.0
152.5
152.5
Regional Air Pollution
Study (RAPS)
Air quality
characterization
3.0
180.6
330.0
46.0
97.0
653.6
Measurements and
instrumentation
2.0
119.5
250.0
285.0
654.5'
Totals
5.0
300.1
330.0
296.0
382.0
1,308.1
Fuel and fuel additives
registration
2.0
181.9
93.0
262.1
100.0
637.0
Totals
2.0
181.9
93.0
262.1
100.0
637.0
Grand totals
89.0
3,187.1
2,272.3
2,867.0
661.0
8,987.4
37
-------
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LABORATORY RESOURCES
FISCAL YEAR 1972
(dollars in thousands)
Catetory
Funding allocations
Permanent
positions
In-house
Grants
Contracts
Inter-
agency
Total
Instrumentation and
analytical methods
development
Ambient air
Mobile sources
Stationary sources
Totals
26.0
15.0
18.0
756.0
415.0
613.8
334.2
302.0
1,604.0
246.5
30.0
195.0
1.336.7
747.0
2.412.8
59.0
1,784.8
643.5
2,240.2
471.5
5,140.0
Formation and decay
of pollutants
Aerosols
Gases
Totals
8.0
12.0
369.5
365.0
351.0
102.6
30.0
750.5
467.6
20.0
734.5
1,830.3
453.6
30.0
3,048.4
Standardization of
instrumentation and
analytical methods
Totals
9.0
243.0
1,013.0
102.0
1,358.0
9.0
243.0
1,013.0
102.0
1,358.0
Fuel and fuel additives
registration
Totals
1.0
42.0
152.0
130.0
324.0
1.0
42.0
152.0
130.0
324.0
Grand totals
89.0
2,804.3
2,473.8
3,858.8
733.5
9,870.4
38
-------
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LABORATORY
FISCAL YEAR 1971
Authorized allowance: $4,704,000 Permanent positions: 83
Program element
Permanent
positions
Total
resources
In-house
expenditures
R&D contract
expenditures
Interagency
agreements
Point sampling, open path
instrumentation and
analytical techniques
26
1284.3
588.1
544.7
151.5
Mobile source control
techniques and evaluation
2
346.3
73.2
33.1
240.0
Research on pollutant
formulation and decay
19
1252.0
645.9
272.3
333.8
Emissions characterization
1
73.2
73.2
Mobile source emissions
measurement techniques
ai*d instrumentation
12
516.8
331.4
185.4
Remote instrumentation
and analytical techniques
10
684.0
292.7
191.3
200.0
Standard methods
7
363.7
151.2
110.3
102.2
Laboratory Support
6
183.7
183.7
Totals
83
4704.0
2339.4
1337.1
1027.5
\D
-------
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LABORATORY
SUPPLEMENTAL AND TRANSFERRED FUNDS AND CONTRACTS - FISCAL YEAR 1971
Program elements
Supplemental
and
transferred
funds
Emissions
characterization
Mobile source
emissions
measurement
techniques and
instrumentation
Instrumentation
and
analytical
techniques
Standard
methods
Supplemental funds - Fuel
Additive Registration -
Emissions Research
$ 300,000
$259,346
$ 40,654
Supplemental funds -
Instrumentation and
Analytical Methods
Development
444,000
276,333
136,885
30,782
CPL contracts funded by
the Division of Control
Systems, OAP
324,565
125,553
36,292
38,520
124,200
FY 1971 contracts trans-
ferred to CPL from the
Division of Control
Sys tems, OAP
438,800
438,800
Totals j
1,507,365
840,686
295,638
175,405
195,636
-------
ACTIVE CONTRACTS, GRANTS,
AND INTERAGENCY AGREEMENTS
-------
f-
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LABORATORY - ACTIVE CONTRACTS
Contractor and
Contract Number
AeroChem Research Lab. Inc.
68-02-1224
Aerospace Corp.
68-02-1741
Arthur,D. Little, Inc.
68-02-0632
Arthur D. Little, Inc.
68-02-1219
Battelle Memorial Institute
68-02-0609
Battelle Memorial Institute
68-02-1720
Battelle Memorial Institute
68-02-1714
Battelle Memorial Institute
68-02-1718
Beckman Instruments, Inc.
68-02-1743
Title
Application of Chemiluminescent Techniques to Analysis
of Mobile Source Reactive Hydrocarbon Emissions
<26 ACV-26)
Field Comparison of a Prototype Laser - Induced
Fluorescence N0„ Monitor with a Chemiluminescence
N0x Monitor (56 AAI-11)
Evaluation of the EPA Manual Particulate Sampling Train
Applied to Selected Stationary Sources (26 AAM-41 and
21 AXJN-03)
Development of Manual Sampling Procedures for Particulate
Hazardous Pollutants and a Testing Program for Filter
Efficiency (26 AAM-30 and 26 AAN-05)
Evaluation of the EPA Manual Particulate Sampling
Train Applied to Selected Stationary Sources (26 AAM-41
and 21 AUN-03)
Smog Chamber Study of Rate of Conversion of SO. as
Function Reactant Concentration (21 BCH-03)
Chemistry of Nitrogen Compounds in Air (21 AKC-03)
Aerosol Formation as a Function of Reactant Concentrations
(21 AZM-09)
Investigate Sampling Interface Parameters for
Selected Source/Monitor Combination for S0_ and
H2S (26 AAP-27)
Start/
End
Dates
06-13-73
06-12-75
06-24-74
12-24-74
12-20-72
12-18-74
06-25-73
02-24-75
12-20-72
12-18-74
06-17-74
06-17-75
06-17-74
06-17-75
06-20-74
06-20-75
06-20-74
06-20-75
Project Officer
F. Black
K. Rehme
K. Knapp
R. Bennett
K. Knapp
B. Dimitriades
J. Bufalini
M. Bufalini
J. Homolya
Amount
$ 99,940
19,800
199,430
114,500
192,395
98,850
111,400
53,180
135,000
-------
Contractor and
Contract Number
Title
Bendix Corporation
68-02-1285
Calif. Kept, of Public Health
68-02-1660
Calspan Corporation
68-02-0698
Calspan Corporation
68-02-1231
Columbia Scientific Industries
68-02-1739
Environmental Research Corp,
68-02-1744
Esso Research
68-02-1279
Esso Research & Engr. Co.
68-02-1748
Esso Research & Engr. Co.
68-02-1722
Esso Research & Engr. Co.
68-02-1719
Evaluation of Solid Absorbents for the Collection
and Analysis of Atmospheric NOg and N0^_ (26 ACX-56)
An Evaluation and Intercomparative Study of Wet
Chemical and Instrumental Methods for Sulfate
Determination in Atmospheric Aerosols (21 BDM-05)
Development of Methodology to Determine
the Effects of Fuels and Additives on
Atmospheric Visibility (26 AAE-13)
Study of Aerosol Formation in Photochemical Air
Pollution (21 AKB-02)
Development of Standards for the Calibration of
X-Ray Spectrometers for Analysis of Pollution
Samples (26 AAN-17)
Design, Develop, Test and Fabricate 20 Two-Stage
Particle Sizing Collectors (21 AUO-05)
Characterize Particulate Emissions - Prototype
Catalyst Cars (26 AAE-16)
Develop Sampling System for Power Plant Emissions
that Permits Quantitative Measurement of Total
Mercury and Vanadium Emissions (21 BDM-04)
Determination of the Magnitude of S0„, NO, C0„, and
0, Stratification in the Ducting of Fossil-Fuel-Fired
Power Plants (26 AAP-40)
Hydrocarbon Composition Changes Upon Oxidant - HC
Relationship (21 AZJ-06)
Start/
End
Dates
Project Officer
Amount
04-30-74 -
10-30-74
06-22-74 -
06-22-75
03-15-73 -
12-14-74
06-25-73 -
05-24-75
06-21-74 -
12-21-74
06-20-74 -
03-20-75
05-17-74 -
12-17-74
06-26-74 -
06-26-75
06-14-74 -
12-14-74
06-26-74 -
06-26-75
J. Mulik
C, Sawicki
W. Conner
M. Bufalini
R. Bennett
R. Stevens
R. Bradow
J. Homolya
M. Barnes
B. Dimitriades
$ 24,734
75,000
111,955
99,020
29,500
63,337
107,500
93,560
56,938
45,700
-------
Contractor and
Contract Number
General Electric Company
68-02-1290
Geomet Xnc.
68-02-1282
IIT Research Institute
68-02-1295
IIT Research Institute
68-02-1734
Monsanto Research Corp.
68-02-0633
Particle Data Labs. Ltd.
68-02-1216
Philco—Ford Corporation
68-02-1755
Philco Ford Corporation
68-02-1227
Princeton University
68-02-0327
Raytheon Company
68-02-1752
Title
Development of Gas Laser System to Measure Trace
Gases by Long Path Absorption Techniques (26 ACX-44
and 56 AAI-34)
Improvement of Previously Developed Instrumentation
for the Collection of Atmospheric Mercury and
Optimization of Pertinent Methodology (26 AEK-38)
Sampling Interface for Quantitative Transport of
Aerosols (26 AAM-26)
Development of Standards for the Calibration of
X-Ray Spectrometers for Analysis of Pollution
Samples (26 AAN-17)
Evaluation of the EPA Manual Particulate Sampling
Train Applied to Selected Stationary Sources
Evaluate Field Prototype Gauge
(26 AAM-64)
Proportional Sampler for Automobile Exhaust
Emissions (26 ACV-48)
Application of Gas-Correlation NDIR Spectroscopy to
Analysis of Mobile Source Emissions (26 ACV-10)
Development and Fabrication of Prototype
Interferometer
Study of a Prototype Laser - Doppler Velocimetry
Instrumentation for Remote Measurement of Power
Plant Stack Effluent Exit Velocity (26 AAP-39)
Research Triangle Institute
68-02-1398
Development of a Personal Exposure Sampler for
Sulfur Dioxide (21 AUP-10)
End
Dates Project Officer Amount
02-01-74 - W. McClenny $ 82,400
01-31-75
04-12-74 - E. Wittgenstein 24,887
10-12-74
05-01-74 - K. Knapp 54,343
05-01-75
06-24-74 - R. Bennett 25,750
12-24-74
12-20-72 - K. Knapp 84,885
12-18-74
06-15-73 - J. Davis 36,518
03-01-75 J. Nader
06-27-74 - R. Bradow 108,665
03-27-75
06-19-73 - F. Black 74,000
10-31-74
08-09-71 - W. Herget 40,524
12-31-74
06-21-74 - W. Herget 16,760
12-01-74
07-01-74 -
06-30-75
J. Mulik
34,000
-------
Contractor and
Contract Number
Research Triangle Institute
68-02-1228
Research Triangle Institute
68-02-1731
Research Triangle Institute
68-02-1296
Research Triangle Institute
68-02-1716
Rockwell International Corp.
68-02-1081
Southern Research Institute
68-02-1736
Stanford Research Institute
68-02-1291
Systems Applications, Inc.
68-02-0580
TRW, Inc.
68-02-1735
Washington State University
68-02-0659
Washington State University
68-02-1232
Title
Development of a Method for the Collection and Analysis
of Carcinogenic Vapor in Ambient Atmospheres (26 ACX-31)
Development of Strategy for Evaluation of Analytical
Methodology for Assessment of the Exposure of
Individual to Air Pollutants: Pollutant Dosimetry
(21 AUP-02)
Oxidant-Precursor Relations Under Pollutant Transport
Conditions (21 AZJ-04)
Electronics Engineering and Prototype Design/
Fabrication Support (26 AAM-35)
The Effects of Airborne Sulfur Pollutants on Materials
in Greater St. Louis (21 BCH-05)
Development of Particulate Sampling Train for
Determining Three Size Fractions in Particulate
Emissions from Power Plants (21 BDM-03)
Development of a Portable Lidar Plume Opacity
Instrument (26 AAM-12)
Mathematical Modeling of Simulated Photochemical
Smog (26 AAD-10)
Impact of Reactivity Criteria on Control Strategies
in Southern California Air Basin for Organic
Emissions (21 AKC-38)
An Investigation of the Contribution on Natural
Hydrocarbon Emissions to the Overall Hydrocarbon
Pollution Burden (21 AKC-02 and 14)
Measurement of Light Hydrocarbons in Field and
Studies of Transport of Oxidant Beyond an Urban
Area (26 AAD-07)
Start/
End
Dates
06-22-73
06-22-75
06-20-74
12-20-74
03-01-74
04-30-75
05-31-74
05-31-75
05-11-73
05-11-75
06-19-74
12-19-75
06-05-74
06-05-75
06-24-72
06-23-75
06-20-74
06-20-75
10-26-72
10-25-74
06-29-73
06-28-75
Project Officer
E. Sawicki
A. O'Keeffe
B. Dimitriades
J. Homelya
J. Upham
K. Knapp
W. Conner
M. Dodge
B. Dimitriades
W. Lonneman
J. Bufalini
Amount
$ 128,484
36,000
48,825
50,702
40,000
53,280
71,625
189,526
39,509
87,367
156,042
-------
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LABORATORY -
ACTIVE GRANTS
Grantee* Inst.
Grant Number
Title
Start/
End
Dates
Proiect Officer
Amount
Aerospace Corp.
802687-01
Role of Gas Solid Interactions in Air Pollution
(21 AKB-48; 21 BCH-06)
11-05-73 -
11-04-74
J.
Durham
$ 75,700
Atmospheric Res. Group
802482-01
Growth and Evaporation Patterns of Atmospheric
Aerosol with Relative Humidity Changes (21 ARB-32)
06-25-73 -
12-24-74
W.
Wilson
23,283
Battelle Memorial Institute
801174-02
Chemical Characterization of Model Aerosols
(21 AKB-08; 21 BCH-04)
06-01-74 -
05-31-75
R.
Patterson
70,000
Cali^. Inst, of Tech.
802160-02
Relationship of the Smog Aerosols to Pollution
Sources (21 AKB-24)
04-15-74 -
04-14-75
W.
Wilson
50,000
Cal. St. Coll., Stanislaus
802726-01
Particulate Matter Monitoring Using Contact
Electricity (26 AAM-65)
12-15-73 -
12-15-74
J.
Nader
24,929
Cal. St. Polytech. Coll.
800984-02
An Investigation of Gas Phase Ozonolysis Rates
(21 AAD-19)
06-01-73 -
12-31-74
J.
Bufalini
6,000
Calif., Univ. of, Riverside
800649-15
Mechanisms of Photochemical Reactions in Urban Air
(21 AKC-32; 56 AAJ-15)
12-01-73 -
11-30-74
M.
Dodge
125,000
Calif., Univ. of, Riverside
800868-06
Formation of Photochemical Aerosols
(21 AKB-31; 21 AKC-35)
05-01-74 -
04-30-75
P.
Hanst
57,919
Calif., Univ. of, Santa Barbara
800845-01
Size and Growth Measurement of Metallic Particles
(21 AKB-54; 21 AJX-04)
03-01-72 -
02-28-75
J.
Durham
49,049
Case Western Res. Univ.
800659-09
Elementary Reactions in Polluted Atmosphere
(21 AKC-27)
05-01-73 -
04-30-75
J.
Bufalini
70,000
Cincinnati, Univ. of
800869-05
Development of Air Sampling Methodology
(26 ACX-37)
03-01-74 -
02-28-75
E.
Sawicki
30,000
-------
Grantee Inst.
Grant Number
Title
Start/
End
Dates
Project Officer
Amount
City College
802396-01
Oxidimetric Analysis of Odors
(26 AAP-65)
06-01-73 -
11-30-74
J.
Nader
15,535
Denver, Univ. of
802889-01
Aerosol Characterization Study
(21 AZM-04; 21 BCH-08)
11-01-73 -
10-31-74
L.
Spiller
34,137
Duke University
803018-01
Development of a Two-Stage Particle Fractionator
(21 AUO-07)
03-15-74 -
03-14-75
T.
Dzubay
14,823
Florida State Univ.
802132-02
Sources and Transport of Trace Metals in Urban Air
(21 AKB-44)
01-01-74 -
12-31-74
W.
Wilson
66,000
Florida State Univ.
802913-01
Elemental Quantitative Analysis of Air Particulate
Matter by Proton Scattering (56 AAI-27)
04-01-74 -
03-31-75
T.
Dzubay
25,000
Florida, Univ. of
803126-01
Filtration Characteristics of Glass Fiber Filter
Media at Elevated Temperatures (26 AAM—69)
07-01-74 -
06-30-75
K.
Knapp
30,500
Georgia Inst, of Tech.
802214-01
Laser Optical Studies of Aerosol Dynamics
(21 AJX-12)
12-07-73 -
12-06-74
J.
Durham
30,000
Gulf South Research Inst.
800884-06
GLC Detector for Carcinogenic Hydrocarbons
(26 AEK-20)
05-01-74 -
04-30-75
E.
Sawicki
22,575
IIT Research
802966-01
A Study of the Structure of PAN-TYPE Compounds and the
Species Responsible for PAN-TYPE Compounds (21 AKC-25)
04-01-74 -
03-31-75
P.
Hanst
44,206
IIT Research
803078-01
A Study of the Identity and Sources of Denver Aerosols
(21 AKB-52)
07-01-74 -
10-31-74
J.
Durham
10,000
Inst. Nat'l De Recherche
802424-01
Particle Detector by Mechanical Impact Sensing
(26 AAM-36)
01-01-74 -
12-31-75
A.
Altshuller
37,068
Kansas State Univ.
802849-01
Solid Adsorbents for Sulfur Dioxide (26 ACX-51)
03-11-74 -
03-10-75
J.
Mulik
20,000
-------
Grantee Inst.
Grant Number
Title
Louisiana State Univ.
800697-03
Louisiana State Univ.
800771-04
Louisiana State Univ.
803193-01
Maryland, Univ. of
803131-01
Michigan, Univ. of
802419-01
Minnesota, Univ. of
800971-03
Minnesota, Univ. of
801301-03
Missouri, Univ. of
801050-01
New York, City Univ. of
803109-01
North Carolina State Univ.
801578-02
North Carolina State Univ.
802759-01
North Carolina, Univ. of
800916-02
Remote Control of Air Pollution Using a Laser
(26 ACX-45)
The Direct and Continuous Determination of Metals
in Air (26 AEK-12)
Personal Monitor for Nitrogen Dioxide Incorporating
a Permeation Collection Procedure (21 AU0-07)
An Investigation of OH Reactions of Importance in the
Perturbed Troposphere (21 AKC-40)
Effects of Fuel Additives on Gasoline Engine Exhaust
Emission (26 AAE-24 & 45)
Sampling and Analysis of Atmospheric Aerosols
(56 AAJ-10 S. 24; 21 AKB-43 & 51)
Development of Basic Aerosol Standards
(26 AUO-03)
Collection and Analysis of Organic Air Pollutants
(26 ACX-36)
Remote Monitoring of Air Pollution Produced by
Stationary Sources, Area Sources, and Present in
Ambient Conditions (26 AAP-84)
Polymeric Interfaces for Stack Monitoring
(26 AAP-31)
Mathematical Techniques for X-Ray Analyzers
(26 AEK-53)
Experimental Tests of Air Pollution Control
Strategy (21 AAD-11; 21 AKC-24)
Start/
End
Dates
Project Officer
Amount
06-01-73 -
05-31-75
09-01-74 -
08-31-75
07-01-74 -
06-30-75
05-06-74 -
05-05-75
05-01-73 -
04-30-75
04-01-74 -
03-31-75
09-01-74 -
08-31-75
12-01-73 -
11-30-74
06-15-74 -
06-14-75
12-01-73 -
11-30-74
05-15-74 -
05-14-75
06-15-73 -
01-31-75
R. Stevens
C. Sawicki
E. Wittgenstein
M. Dodge
R. Bradow
W. Wilson
T. Dzubay
E. Sawicki
W. Herget
J. Homolya
T. Dzubay
B. Dimitriades
30,000
46,844
35,000
35,000
84,000
154,000
40,348
30,000
18,919
42,939
13,000
184,833
-------
Grantee Inst.
Grant Number
North Carolina, Univ. of
802472-01
Ohio State University
800398-14
Ohio State University
803075-01
Oklahoma State Univ.
803097-01
Pennsylvania State Univ.
800874-03
Pennsylvania State Univ.
802425-01
Rutgers University
800833-02
Stanford Res. Inst.
800586-03
Stanford Res. Inst.
802288-02
Stanford Res. Inst.
803042-01
Texas ASM
801136-04
Texas, Univ. of
£ 800871-09
Title
Experimental Study of Aerosol Formation Mechanisms
in a Controlled Atmosphere (21 AJX-08; 21 AKB-42)
Mechanisms of Photochemically Initiated Oxidations
(21 AKC-26; 56 AAJ-31)
Studies of Air Pollution by Fourier Transform
Spectroscopy (21 AKC-31)
Synthesis and/or Purification of High-Purity
Aromatic Compounds (26 AEK-44)
Reactions of Electrically Excited SO2 (21 AKC-22)
Combustion Products form Nitro Gasoline Additives
(26 AAE-23 & 44)
Atmospheric Freons and Halogenated Hydrocarbons
(21 AKC-04)
Reactions of Oxy Radicals with NO, N0„, S0„, and CO
(21 AKC-29)
Measurement of Rate Constants of Importance in Smog
(21 AXC-30)
Int'l Conference on Kinetics of Pollution of the
Upper and Lower Atmosphere (21 AKC-41)
Structure and Reactivity of Adsorbed Oxides of Sulfur
(21 AJX-02; 21 BCH-07)
Dynamical Theories of Knudsen Aerosols
(21 AO-41)
Start/
End
Dates
06-01-73
11-30-74
01-01-74
12-31-74
04-16-74
04-15-75
05-15-74
05-14-75
03-01-74
02-28-75
04-15-73
10-14-74
09-01-74
08-31-75
06-09-74
06-08-75
04-01-74
03-31-75
06-17-74
06-16-75
12-15-73
12-14-74
04-01-74
03-31-75
Project Officer
W. Wilson
J. Bufalini
P. Hanst
J. Meeker
J. Bufalini
R. Bradow
J. Bufalini
M. Dodge
M. Dodge
J. Bufalini
J. Durham
J. Durham
Amount
145,000
95,000
60,000
25,000
65,000
99,000
68,250
57,900
60,000
3,000
45,000
30,000
-------
Grantee Ins t.
Grant Number
Vienna, Dniv. of
801983-02
Washington State Univ.
800670-03
Washington University
802815-01
Washington University
803115-01
Washington, Univ. of
800665-10
Washington, Univ. of
801119-03
Title
Studies on Aerosols of Sizes Down to 0.05 Microns
(26 AAM-63)
Aerosol Formation from Naturally Emitted Hydrocarbons
(21 AKB-06)
The Dynamics of Urban Aerosols (56 AAJ-25 & 30)
A System for on Line Measurement of Respirable
Aerosol Size Distribution and Mass (56 AAI-10)
Influence of Aerosol Characteristics on Visibility
(56 AAJ-14)
Analysis of Air Pollutants by Mass Spectroscopy
(56 AAJ-13)
Start/
End
Dates
Project Officer
Amount
05-01-74 -
04-30-75
06-01-72 -
12-31-74
11-26-73 -
11-25-74
06-01-74 -
05-31-75
03-01-73 -
11-30-74
06-15-73 -
06-14-75
A. Altshuller
B. Dimitriades
W. Wilson
R. Nelson
W. Wilson
R. Patterson
3,000
63,652
86,881
45,000
138,000
20,000
-------
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LABORATORY - ACTIVE INTERAGENCY AGREEMENTS
Agency and Agreement
Title
Start/
End
Dates
Project Officer
Amount
Bartlesville Energy Res. Center
Bureau of Mines
EPA-IAG-D4-F483
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Atomic Energy Commission
EPA-IAG-D4-0391 and 0391A
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
Atomic Energy Commission
EPA-IAG-D4-0377
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration > LRC
EPA-IAG-D4-F511
National Bureau of Standards
EPA-IAG-D4-F489
National Science Foundation
EPA—IAG-D4-0465
Naval Research Laboratory
Department of the Navy
EPA-IAG-D4-0490
Naval Research Laboratory
Department of the Navy
EPA-IAG-D5-0344
Analyses of Exhaust Emissions from Vehicles Equipped 05-01-74
(and Non-Equipped) with Control Devices (21 AX.C-39) 10-30-74
Sulfur Oxide and Nitrogen Oxide Transformations in
Plumes (56 AAJ-20)
Fabrication of an Aerosol Monitoring System for
Determining Mass and Composition as a Function of
Time (56 AAI-06, 09 & 32)
Delayed Chemiluminescence Detection of Ozone by
Rubrene (21 AUP-31)
Development of Calibration Surfaces for X-Ray
Fluorescence for Analyzers (56 AAI-36)
01-01-74
12-31-75
01-01-74
12-31-74
05-01-74
05-01-76
06-01-74
03-31-75
Development of A Diode Laser System to Measure Trace 03-01-74
Gases by Long Path Absorption Techniques (56 AAI-14) 02-28-76
Develop and Build a Low-Cost Compact X-Ray Fluorescence 02-15-74
Analyzer for Measurement of Sulfur in Particulate 06-30-75
Emissions from Stationary Sources (21 BDM-02)
Development o£ X-Ray Optical Techniques for the Chemical 10-01-74
Analysis of Particulate Pollutants (26 AAN-10) 09-30-75
B. Dimitriades
A. Altshuller
T. Dzubay
J. Meeker
T. Dzubay
W. McClenny
J. Wagman
J. Wagman
$ 17,000
150,000
225,000
25,000
20,000
94,000
30,000
30,000
-------
COMPLETED CONTRACTS, GRANTS,
AND INTERAGENCY AGREEMENTS
-------
VI
-p*
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LABORATORY - COMPLETED CONTRACTS
Contractor and
Contract Number
A. D. Little
68-02-1245
A. D. Little
68-02-1211
A. D. Little
68-02-1246
A. D. Little
EHSD 71-27
A. D. Little
68-02-0099
A. D. Little
68-02-0561
A. D. Little
68-02-0087
A. D. Little
68-02-0585
Advanced Metals Res.
22-69-26
AeroChem Res. Labs., Inc.
68-02-1218
Title
Application of Odor Technology to Mobile
Source Emissions - Instrumentation
(26 ACV-07)
Evaluation of Filter Media for
Quantitative Collection of Particulate
Matter from Engine Exhaust
Applications of Odor Technology to
Mobile Source Emissions - Evaluation
(26 ACV-07)
Manual Methods for Sampling and Analysis
of Particulate Emissions from
Incinerators
Development of Methods for Sampling
and Analysis of Particulate and
Gaseous Fluorides from Stationary Sources
Chemical Identification of Odor
Components in Diesel Engine Exhaust
Chemical Identification of Odor
Components in Diesel Exhaust
Development of a High Purity Filter
for Analysis by Advanced Sensitive
Analytical Techniques
Electron Microprobeanalysis of
Atmospheric Aerosols
Photofragment Detection of Nitrogen
Dioxide (56 AAI-11)
Start/
End
Dates
06-26-73
10-25-73
06-11-73 -
03-11-74
06-25-73
06-24-74
09-01-70 -
01-21-72
06-28-71 -
02-28-72
06-15-72 -
06-15-73
06-03-71 -
06-03-72
06-29-72 -
07-29-73
12-01-68 -
08-31-69
06-15-73 -
06-14-74
Project Officer
J. Sigsby
J. Baugh
J. Sigsby
J. Burckle
R. Bennett
J. Sigsby
J. Sigsby
J. Davis
J. Wagman
B. Martin
Amount
$ 11,075
33,277
39,000
151,300
49,144
33,300
33,126
54,196
14,060
61,675
EPA, APTD,
or PB*
Numbers
EPA 650/2-73-023
EPA R2-72-126
PB 213-313
EPA 650/2-73-025
APTD-0803
PB 188-104
EPA 650/2-73-032
PB 230—886/AS
APTD-1512
PB 189-283
*Final reports on completed contracts may be obtained from the National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22151,
for a nominal fee by citing the "PB" number. Instructions for obtaining reports without PB numbers may be obtained from the
Administrative Officer, Chemistry and Physics Laboratory, 919-549-8411, extension 2331,
-------
Contractor and
Contract Number
Title
AeroChem Res. Labs.
70-79
Nitric Oxide Analyzer and Oxides of
Nitrogen
AeroChem Res. Labs.
22-69-11
Feasibility Study for Development of
Multifunctional Emission Detector for
CO, NO, and S0_
The Aerospace Corp.
68-02-1225
Aerotherm Division
68-02-0584
Laser Induced Fluorescence Detection
of N02 (56 AAI-11)
Development and Fabrication of a
Simulated Stationary Source Experimental
Facility (26 AAM-45 and 26 AAP-18)
Airesearch Mfg. Co. of
Arizona, Inc.
68-02-1236
Development of Methodology for
Characteristics of Emission from
Aircraft Sources (26 ACV-31)
Akron Scientific Labs.
68-02-0021
Feasibility of a Fluorescent Source
Nondispersive Infrared Analyzer for
Nitric Oxide
Akron Scientific Labs.
70-152
Infrared Fluorescent Gas Analyzer
Allied Chemical Corp.
68-02-0545
Synthesis and Purification of
Carcinogenic Air Pollutant Standards
Analytical Research Labs., Inc.
68-02-1201
Development of Selective Hydrocarbon
Sampling System and Field Evaluations
with Conventional Analytical System
(26 AAP-30)
Anderson 2000 Inc.
68-02-0563
Fabrication of a Multi-Stage Aerosol
Impactor
Start/
End
Dates
05-28-70
04-27-71
Project Officer
R. Stevens
08-15-68
09-14-69
R. Stevens
06-19-73
04-18-74
06-29-72
09-29-74
W. McClenny
F. Jaye
06-29-73
08-28-74
R. Bradow
04-09-71
10-08-72
A. O'Keeffe
07-15-70
04-01-71
06-12-72
06-12-73
A. O'Keeffe
J. Meeker
05-25-73
08-24-74
J. Homolya
Amount
$ 56,840
40,245
EPA, APTD,
or PB
Numbers
APTD-1115
PB 209-837
APTD-1300
PB 188-104
37,320
384,437
EPA-650/2-74-059
PB 234-225/AS
87,337
101,473
85,991
27,319
95,628
EPA R2-72-121
PB 213-846
EPA-650/2-74-040
06-20-72 -
06-20-73
R. Stevens
30,362
-------
Contractor and
Contract Number
Title
Armageddon Chemical Co.
68-02-0680
Avco Corporation
22-69-62
Baird-Atomic
EHSD 71-50
Baird-Atomic
68-02-0275
Barringer Research
22-68-44
Battelle Columbus Laboratories
68-02-0279
Battelle Memorial Institute
68-02-0792
Battelle Memorial Institute
68-02-0799
Battelle Memorial Institute
68-02-1217
Battelle Memorial Institute
22-69-33
Battelle Memorial Institute
70-172 (CAPA-6-68)
Battelle Memorial Institute
68-02-0205
Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Sulfur
Pentafluoride (CF^ SF^)
Feasibility Study of Remote Monitoring
of Gas Pollutant Emissions by Raman
Spectroscopy
Improvement of Optical Efficiency of
Luminescence of a Flame Photometric
Detector
Improved Photometric Flame Detector
for Measuring SO2
Test Program/Optical Measurement of
SO and N0^
Chemical and Physical Characterization
of Automotive Exhaust Particulate Matter
in the Atmosphere
Haze Formation: Its Nature and Origin
(21 AKB-03)
Fate of Nitrogen Oxides in the
Atmosphere (21 AKC-03)
Environmental Chamber Studies of
Atmospheric Aerosols (21 AKB-09)
Electron Microprobe Analysis of ATM
Aerosols
Haze Formation: Its Nature and Origin
Chemical and Physical Characterization
of Automotive Exhaust Particulate Matter
in the Atmosphere
Start/
End
Dates
08-24-72
08-23-73
06-02-69
10-01-70
Project Officer
A. 0*Keeffe
J. Nader
Amount
$ 35,176
48,814
EPA, APTD,
or PB
Numbers
EPA-650/4-74-010
PB 233-149/AS
APTD-0658
PB 198-204
12-14-70
07-16-71
A. 0'Keeffe
25,252
EPA R2-73-193
PB 220-480
06-07-72
03-06-73
06-28-68
01-28-70
05-31-72
05-30-73
J. Hodgeson
J. Nader
J. Wagman
37,786
74,342
49,977
APTD-1486
PB 193-485
EPA-650/2-73-002
05-30-73
09-30-74
04-31-73
08-31-74
06-06-73
06-05-74
01-01-69
12-31-69
06-30-70
12-31-71
06-25-71 ¦
06-24-72
R. Patterson
J. Bufalini
B. Dimitriades
J. tfagman
J. Wagman
J. Wagman
31,535
40,624
49,800
12,295
16,467
48,698
APTD-1501
PB 189-282
EPA R3-72-014
PB 212-609
EPA 650/2-73-001
PB 221-603
-------
Contractor and
Contract Number
Title
Battelle Memorial Institute
68-02-0324
Battelle Memorial Institute
68-02-0276
Battelle Memorial Institute
68-02-0574
Beckman Instruments, Inc.
68-02-0778
Bendix Corporation
22-69-55
Bendix Corporation
68-02-0249
Bendix Corporation
68-02-0657
Bendix Research Labs.
68-02-0551
Block Engineering, Inc.
68-02-0572
Bolt, Beranek and Newman
22-69-29
Develop an Operational System for
Evaluating and Testing Methods and
Instruments for Determining the
Effect of Fuels and Fuel Additives on
Automobile Exhaust Emissions
Haze Formation: Its Nature and Origin
Environmental Chamber Studies of
Atmospheric Aerosols
Construction and Evaluation of Tw:.>
Analyzers for the Analysis of
Acetylene (56 AAI-24)
Long Path Spectroscopy Instrumentation
for In-situ Monitoring of Gaseous
Pollution/Urban Atmospheres
Off-Line Analysis Programs for Long
Path Spectrometer
Device for Collection and Assay of
Ambient Gases
Development of Instrumentation for
Measurement of Stationary Source
Aldehyde, Organic Acid, and Amine
Emissions
Fabricate Trace Gas Monitoring
System
Critical Literature Review of ATM
Haze in Relation to Air Pollution
California Department of Health Performance Evaluation of Procedures
70—24 for Continuous Atmospheric Analyzers
Start/ EPA, APTD,
End or PB
Dates Project Officer Amount Numbers
06-30-71 - J. Sigsby $ 40,554 EPA R2-73-160
08-30-72 PB 222-334
06-07-72
06-06-73
R. Patterson
06-29-72
08-28-73
W. Wilson
05-30-73
05-29-74
J. Mulik
04-11-69
09-24-70
J. Nader
02-03-72
05-02-72
H. Barnes
06-30-72
07-29-73
E. Sawicki
05-26-72
07-26-73
F. Jaye
32,983
80,674
EPA-650/3-74-002
PB 231-535/AS
59,581
EPA-6 50/2-74-056
173,950
APTD-0889
PB 205-256
6,654
47,581
72,958
EPA 650/2-73-010
PB 212-625
EPA-650/2-73-010
PB 230-884/AS
06-29-72 - R. Patterson
07-28-73
11-25-68 - J. Wagman
06-24-69
161,581
6,485 PB 192-102
03-27-70 -
06-27-71
T. Stanley
69,411
-------
Contractor and
Contract Number
Title
Coordinating Research Council
(SRI) 68-02-0307 (CAPA-4-68)
Study to Determine the Fate of Carbon
Monoxide in the Atmosphere
Cornell Aeronautical Lab, Inc.
68-02-0557
Study of Formation and Composition
of Photochemical Aerosols
DASIBI Environ. Corp.
68-02-0789
Fabrication and Delivery of Calibration
Apparatus for NO and 0 Based on Gas-
Phase Titration and UV Photometry
(26 ACX-38 and 26 ADZ-05)
Dalmo Victor
86-65-61
Study of Infrared Techniques for
Monitoring Stack Cases
Dalmo Victor
86-68-55
Long Path Ozone Measurements by IR
Technique
Dalmo Victor
86-66-155
Passive IR SO^ Sensor
Dow Chemical
22-69-144
Feasibility Study on Analysis of Air
Pollution by Microwave Spectroscopy
Dow Chemical
22-69-145
Effects of Fuel Additives on
Particulate Emissions
Dow Chemical
68-02-0332
Determination of Effect on Particulate
Exhaust Emissions of Additives and
Impurities in Gasoline
Dow Chemical
68-02-0582
Development of a Predictive Model for
Emissions
Dow Chemical
68-02-0581
Development of a Methodology for the
Assessment of the Effects of Fuels and
Additives on Control Devices
Start/
End
Dates
06-29-71
06-28-72
06-16-72
06-16-73
05-23-73
11-23-73
Project Officer
J. Bufalini
M. Bufalini
R. Baumgardner
Amount
$ 32,312
18,215
20,000
EPA, APTD,
or PB
Numbers
EPA 650/2-73-043
PB 221-641
EPA-650/3-73-002
PB 230-987
07-01-65
12-31-65
11-03-67
11-24-67
06-20-66
01-19-67
06-30-69
09-29-70
06-30-69
04-30-72
12-20-71
07-31-73
J. Nader
J. Nader
W. Coffey
J. Hodgeson
J. Sigsby
J. Sigsby
10,000
7,000
33,521
40,828
360,660
140,435
PB 187-391
PB 187-392
PB 187-390
EPA R2-72-093
PB 212-554
APTD-0618
PB 196-783
06-30-72
07-29-73
06-30-72
01-29-74
R. Bradow
J. Sigsby
96,897
123,585
-------
Contractor and
Contract Number
Title
Start/
End
Dates
Dynasciences Corp.
(formerly Whittaker Corp.)
22-69-118
Develop Portable Electro-Chemical
Transducers for Detection of SO and
N0„
06-16-69
07-15-70
Dynasciences Corp.
70-170
Formaldehyde Analyzer for Motor Vehicle
Exhaust Emissions
06-30-70
06-29-71
Dynasciences Corp.
68-02-0005 (Mod.)
Electrochemical Air Pollution Sensors 12-17-70
to Measure Ambient Concentrations of 09-16-72
NO and SO.
Environmental Science and
Engineering, Inc.
68-02-0600
Evaluation and Modification of Fluoride 08-24-72
Sampling and Analytical Methods 10-17-73
(26 AAP-23)
Environmental Res. Corp.
68-02-0309
In-Stack Transmissometer Techniques for 06-30-71
Measuring Opacities of Particulate Emissions 12-29-71
Environmental Res. Corp.
68-02-0015
Design, Develop, Fabricate, and Deliver 03-01-71
a Particle Size Distribution Analyzer for 02-28-72
Aerosol Mass
Environmental Res. Corp.
68-02-0589
Development of a Portable Primary
Particulate Diluter Sampler for
Miscellaneous Mobile Sources
06-28-72
03-27-73
Environmental Res. Corp.
68-02-0790
The Design and Fabrication of Two Particle 05-18-73
Size Classifier-Analyzers (26 AAM-32) 02-18-74
Environmental Res, Corp,
68-02-1214
Design and Construction of a Diluter 06-20-73
for Miscellaneous Particulate Emissions 03-19-74
(26 ACV-18)
Environmental Systems Corp.
68-02-0661
Design and Fabrication of a Prototype 06-30-72
Instrument for Sizing Atmospheric Giant 12-29-72
Particles
Project Officer
J. Hodgeson
Amount
$ 57,651
EPA, APTD,
or PB
Numbers
A. Altshuller
R. Stevens
56,140
109,233
APTD-0955
PB 210-266
F. Jaye
62,929 EPA 650/2-73-007
W. Conner
J. Wagman
44,582
68,290
EPA R2-72-099
PB 212-741
J. Wagman
47,875
J. Davis
R. Bradow
50,000
58,119
J. Durham
24,013
-------
Contractor and
Contract Number
Esse Research and Eng. Co.
22-69-56 CRC (CAPE-6-68)
Esso Research and Eng. Co.
70-104 CRC (CAPE-6-68)
Esso Research Corp.
22-69-14
Esso Research and Eng. Co.
68-02-0219
Esso Research and Eng. Co.
68-02-0653
Fluidyne Res. Corp.
68-02-1244
The Franklin Institute
68-02-0544
Franklin Institute
68-02-1268
GCA Corp.
68-02-0209
GCA Corp.
68-02-0209
Start/
End
Title Dates
Gasoline Composition and Vehicular 02-17-69
Exhaust Gas Polynuclear Aromatic Content 04-16-70
Gasoline Composition and Vehicle Exhaust 06-30-70
Gas Polynuclear Aromatic Content 02-15-71
Air Pollution Instrumentation R/D 12-20-71
Planning and Programming 02-15-72
Evaluation of Measurement Methods 06-30-71
and Instrumentation for Odorous 10-30-72
Compounds in Stationary Sources
Instrumentation and Methodology for 08-28-72
Assay of Individual Polynuclear 08-28-73
Aromatic Hydrocarbons (26 AEK-36)
Particulate Sampling Strategies for 06-29-73
Mechanically Disturbed and Cyclonic 06-28-74
Flow (26 AAM-33 and 34)
Development of an Instrumental 06-09-72
Monitoring Method for Measurement 07-01-73
of Asbestos Concentration in or
Near Sources
Development of an Instrumental Monitoring 10-29-73
Method for Measurement of Asbestos 09-29-74
Concentration in or Near Sources (26 AAN-02)
Study to Determine Fate of CO in
Atmosphere
Design, Development, Fabrication and
Test of a Beta Gauge and Filter
Tape Sampler System
01-01-69
02-28-70
06-28-71
12-27-71
Project Officer
T. Stanley
T. Stanley
A. Ellison
F. Jaye
J. Mulik
C. Rodes
J. Wagman
J. Wagman
J. Bufalini
J. Burckle
Amount
$ 32,879
50,603
20,386
178,310
55,000
61,028
44,916
26,985
14,231
43,013
EPA, APTD,
or PB
Numbers
APTD-1296
PB 209-955
APTD—0800
PB 204-174
APTD-1180 (Vol. 1
PB 212-812
EPA R2-73-180
(Vol. II)
PB 223-654
EPA 650/2-73-016
PB 226-471/AS
PB 193-188
-------
Contractor and
Contract Number
Title
General Dynamics
22-69-142
General Dynamics
68-02-0020
General Electric Corp.
71-8
General Electric Co.
68-02-0093
General Electric Co.
68-02-0570
General Electric Co.
68-02-0546
General Electric Co.
68-02-0757
General Research
22-69-127
General Research
71-22
Geomet, Inc.
68-02-0578
Development of Infrared Scanning
Spectroscopy for Remote Monitoring
of Emission Spectra of Hot Gas
Pollution
Field Measurements of Gas Pollutants
in Ambient Air and from Stationary
Sources by Remote Infrared Techniques
Field Study on Application of Laser
Coincidence Absorption Measurement
Performance Evaluation of Mobile
Lidar System
Development of Range Squared and
Off-Gating Modifications for a
Lidar System
Compact Sampling System for Collection
of Particulates from Stationary Sources
Development of a Gas Laser System to
Measure Trace Gases by Long Path
Absorption Techniques (26 ACX-44)
Photochemical Atmospheric Reactions in
Los Angeles Basin
Further Development of the Photochemical
Smog Model for the Los Angeles Basin
Development of Instrumentation for
Quantitative Collection of Total
Atmospheric Mercury from Ambient Air
Start/
End
Dates
06-27-69
02-28-71
Project Officer
W. Herget
Amount
$155,382
EPA, APTD,
or PB
Numbers
EPA R2-72-052
PB 221-073
06-03-71
07-03-72
W. Herget
53,590
EPA 650/2-73-026
PB 230-885/AS
08-27-70
02-21-72
06-21-71
11-20-71
06-24-72
07-24-73
H. Barnes
W. Conner
W. Conner
77,421 APTD-0981
PB 210-671
21,550 APTD-0968
PB 210-672
34,674 EPA 650/2-73-040
PB 228-715
05-04-72
02-15-74
04-18-73
02-28-74
J. Davis
W. McClenny
75,099
98,507
EPA 650/2-74-029
EPA 650/2-74-046a
EPA 650/2-74-046b
06-17-69
12-23-69
08-27-70
08-26-61
06-24-72
12-23-72
A. Altshuller
A. Altshuller
E. Wittgenstein
56,485
56,265
26,090
PB 189-074
APTD-0678
EPA 650/2-73-052
PB 232-300/AS
-------
Ov
to
Contractor and
Contract Number
Gyurdine Systems
86-67-74
Gulf South Research Inst.
68-02-0550
Hughes Aircraft Co.
68-02-0203
IIT Research Institute
68-02-0579
Industrial Nucleonics Corp.
68-02-0782
Industrial Nucleonics Corp.
68-02-0782
Institute for Gas Technology
70-69
Instra. Tech.
68-02-0318
J R B Associates
68-02-1208
Langston Labs.
68-02-1255
Lockheed (CRC-APRAC)
68-02-0038
Title
Prototype Electrostatic Precipitators
for Vehicle Exhaust
Design, Fabricate, and Demonstrate an
Instrument for Assaying Benzo(a)pyrene
Laser System for Measurement of
Aldehydes in Auto Exhaust Samples
Sampling Interface for Quantitative
Transport of Aerosols
Design, Development and Fabrication
of a Beta Gauge and Filter
Advanced Prototype Direct Reading
Instrument for Particulate Mass
Measurement (26 ACV-33)
Emission Reduction Using Gaseous
Fuels for Vehicular Propulsion
Development of Improved Systems for
Obtaining Time Integrated Measurements
of SO2, NO^, NO^ and Other Air Pollutant
Infrared Sensor for the Remote
Monitoring of SO^ (26 AAP/26)
Development of Sampling Procedures
for Polycyclic Organic Matter (POM)
and Polychlorinated Piphenyls (PCB)
(26 AAN-08)
Study of Factors Affecting Reactions
in Environmental Chambers
Start/
End
Dates
02-06-67
07-05-67
06-29-72
06-28-73
06-22-71
03-21-72
06-26-72
11-23-73
06-28-71
11-27-71
05-23-73
11-02-73
Project Officer
S. Hors tman
J. Mulik
P. Hanst
K. Knapp
J. Burckle
W. Karches
Amount
$ 21,328
54,075
54,636
63,737
54,073
56,532
EPA, APTD,
or PB
Numbers
EPA-650/2-8
EPA R2-72-126
PB 220-429
APTD-1150
PB 209-954
04-05-70
01-04-71
06-30-71
06-30-72
M. Korth
A. 0'Keeffe
70,478
28,401
APTD-0698
PB 201-410
EPA R2-73-207
PB 225-125/4AS
06-25-73
06-25-74
06-25-73
06-24-74
H. Barnes
R. Bennett
41,700
86,850
02-02-71 -
01-01-72
S. Kopczynski
14,592
EPA R3-72-016
PB 212-715
-------
Contractor and
Contract Number
Title
Lockheed Missiles and
Space Corp.
68-02-0287
Factors Affecting Reactions in
Environmental Operations
Lockheed Missiles and
Space Corp.
68-02-1270
Study of Factors Affecting Reactions in
Environmental Chambers (21 AKC-34)
Louisiana State Univ.
22-69-100
Mass Institute of Technology
Lincoln Laboratory
68-02-0569
Specific Method for Determining Ozone
in Atmosphere
Development of In-Situ Prototype Diode
Laser System to Monitor SO Across—the-
Stack
Meteorology Research Inc.
68-02-1749
Development of an Optical Method for the
Measurement of the Mass Concentration of
Particulate Emissions from Stationary
Sources (26 AAM-51)
Micro Tek Instr.
86-66-117
Application of Hot Wire Ionization
Detector to Automotive Exhaust Gas
Analysis
Monsanto Research Corp.
22-69-8
Feasibility Study for Development of
Multifunctional Emission Detector
for CO, NO and S0_
Monsanto Research Corp.
71-30
Evaluation and Development of Nitrogen
Oxide Monitors for Combustion Sources
Monsanto Research Corp. Nitric Oxide Analyzer and Oxides of
70-70 Nitrogen Analyzer
Start/
End
Dates
06-29-72
01-28-74
Project Officer
B. Dimitriades
Amount
$ 36,259
EPA, APTD,
or PB
Numbers
09-01-73
08-31-74
B. Dimitriades
14,887
06-27-69 - A. Altshuller
06-26-70
11-01-71 - J. Nader
03-31-73
22,067 EPA R3-72-015
PB 213-019
183,882 EPA R2-73-218
PB 223-628/AS
06-26-74 - W. Conner 81,750
09-26-74
03-01-66 - A. Altshuller 15,000 PB 187-394
09-01-66
08-20-68 - R. Stevens 58,127 APTD-1300
11-19-68
12-02-70 - F. Jaye
01-01-72
181,210 APTD-0847
PB 204-877
PB 209-109
06-20-70 -
07-19-71
R. Stevens
62,274
APTD-0969
-------
Contractor and
Contract Number
Monsanto Research Corp.
68-02-0316
Monsanto Research Corp.
68-02-0554
Monsanto Research Corp.
68-02-0716
National Research Corp,
68-02-0592
North American Rockwell
Science Center
68-02-0562
Title
Instrumentation or Methods for Measuring
Specific Particulate Substances
Including Beryllium and Cadmium in
Stationary Source Emissions (Phase I)
Conversion of Monsanto Model 3409
Chemiluminescent Ambient Air NO
and SO^ from Stationary Sources
Construction and Field Testing of
Commercial Prototype Disc Diluter
(26 AAP-27)
Development of a Prototype Sulfuric
Acid Monitor (26 AEK-26)
Determination of the Formation
Mechanism and Composition of
Photochemical Aerosols
Start/
End
Dates
06-30-71
05-29-72
05-23-72
08-22-73
01-02-73
11-02-73
09-21-72
04-30-74
06-24-72
02-24-73
Project Officer
J. Burckle
F. Jaye
J. Homolya
R. Stevens
M. Bufalini
Amount
$136,701
61,391
20,825
EPA, APTD,
or PB
Numbers
EPA R2-73-252
PB 232-088/AS
35,521 EPA 650/2-73-027
PB 231-084/AS
38,160 EPA 650/2-74-055
EPA R3-73-036
PB 223-960/AS
North American Rockwell
68-02-0583
Northrop Corp.
68-02-0573
Northwest Env. Tech.
Labs. Inc.
68-02-1209
Experimental Support for EPA 08-01-72 - W. Wilson
Participation in the California Aerosol 12-31-73
Characterization Study
Design, Develop, Fabricate and Test 06-24-72 - J. Wagman
a Device Compatible with the Constant 06-23-73
Volume Sampling System
Field Test and Evaluate Methods to 06-15-73 - T. Dzubay
Determine Feasibility (26 AEK-27) 04-15-74
61,000
73,827
27,301
Ozone Research & Equip. Corp.
68-02-0558
Optimum Production of Atomic Oxygen 06-09-72
for Use In Analytical Technology 09-08-72
F. Black
13,228
EPA R2-73-197
PB 221-178
Owens-Illinois
68-02-0660
Field Study of In-Stack Transmissometer 01-03-73 -
Measurement of Plume Opacities (26 AAM-27) 07-18-74
W. Conner
43,293
-------
Contractor and
Contract Number
Title
Philco-Ford Corp.
68-02-0013
Philco-Ford Corp.
68-02-0575
Philco-Ford Corp.
68-02-0587
Experimental Investigation of the
Infrared Emission by SO^
Development of a Field Prototype
Sensor for In-Situ Monitoring of
Stationary Source Pollutants Based on
Gas-Cell Correlation Spectroscopy
Instrumentation for the Continuous
Monitoring of Methane, Carbon
Monoxide, and Carbon Dioxide in
Mobile Source Emissions
Philco-Ford Corp.
68-02-0798
NO2 Actinometer for Field Use (56 AAJ-06)
Philco-Ford Corp.
68-02-0766
Philco-Ford Corp.
68-02-1229
Research Triangle Inst.
22-69-7
Evaluation of a Remote Passive
Technique Based on Gas Cell
Spectroscopy (26 AAP-14)
Field Study of In-Stack Transmissometer
Measurement of Particulate Opacity
and Mass Concentration (26 AAM-27 and
38)
Ozone Chemiluminescent Study
Research Triangle Inst.
22-69-109
Research Triangle Instr
70-101
Evaluation of Techniques for
Measurement of Low Concentrations
of Trace Gases in Atmosphere
Field Evaluation of New Air Pollution
Monitoring Systems
Start/
End
Dates
Project Officer
Amount
EPA, APTD,
or PB
Numbers
03-16-71
06-15-71
H. Barnes
06-28-72
03-29-74
W. Herget
06-30-72
02-28-73
J. Sigsby
05-30-73
02-29-74
P. Hanst
05-08-73
11-08-73
W. Herget
06-25-73
08-24-74
W. Conner
08-05-68
12-04-69
A. O'Keeffe
05-27-69
01-01-70
A. Altshuller
06-09-70
12-21-71
R, Stevens
$ 33,114
APTD-0760
72,208
43,694 EPA 650/2-73-030
PB 226-438/AS
38,604
29,057
137,705
103,086 PB 194-116 Vol. 1
PB 194-117 Vol. 2
34,416 APTD-0956
PB 208-239
235,234
APTD-0775
PB 204-444
-------
Ov
O*
Contractor and
Contract Number Title
Research Triangle Inst.
68-02-0257
A Study of the Correlations of Ozone
and Sulfur Dioxide
Research Triangle Inst.
68-01-1011
Development and Testing of an Air
Monitoring System (56 AAI-15)
Rockwell Int. Corp.
68-02-0771
Study of Formation of Aerosols in Gas
Reactions in a Flowing Stream (21 AJX-06)
Science Spectrum, Inc.
(CRC) CPA 70-171 (CAPA-6-68)
Haze Formation: Its Nature and Origin
Scientific Research
22-69-40 (CAPE-11-68)
Improved Instrumentation for
Determination of Exhaust Gas
Oxygenate Content
Scientific Research
(CRC) 70-73 (CAPE-11-68)
Improved Instrumentation for
Determination of Exhaust Gas
Oxygenate Content
Scientific Research
Instruments Corp.
68-02-0201 (CAPE-11-68)
Improved Instrumentation for
Determining Exhaust Gas
Oxygenate
Scott Research Labs.
68-02-1292
Determine Field Performance Characteristics
of an In-Situ and an Extractive S0_
Monitoring System and a Prototype H^HO,
Mist Monitoring System as Applied to H_SO,
Plant Emissions (21 AUN-02)
Scott Research Labs.
22-69-19 (CAPA-7-68)
Atmospheric Reaction Studies in the
Los Angeles Basin Area
Start/
End
Dates
Project Officer
Amount
EPA, APTD,
or PB
Numbers
03-14-72
06-13-72
11-22-72
06-22-74
05-02-73
07-01-74
06-30-70
03-30-71
01-20-69
01-19-70
J. Bufalini
R. Stevens
M. Bufalini
J. Wagman
J. Sigsby
01-20-70
01-19-71
J. Sigsby
06-16-71
06-15-72
J. Sigsby
01-01-74
06-01-74
J. Homolya
08-02-68
11-01-69
A. Altshuller
$ 2,478
94,764
32,133
10,533
29,919
EPA R3-72-013
PB 212-478
EPA 650/2-74-019
PB 231-666/AS
EPA R2-72-098
PB 202-361
APTD-1308
PB 200-268
29,925
APTD-1294
PB 210-251
19,995
57,986
142,378 PB 194-058 Vol. 1
PB 194-059 Vol. 2
PB 194-060 Vol. 3
-------
Contractor and
Contract Number
Start/
End
Title Dates
Scott Research Labs. Atmospheric Reactions Studies in the 07-15-69
70-6 (CAPA-7-68) Los Angeles Basin Area 04-01-70
Scott Research Labs.
68-02-1220
Atmospheric Reaction Studies in the
New York Area
06-30-70
03-01-71
Southwest Research Institute
68-02-1230
Southwest Research Institute
68-02-1275
Southern Research Inst.
68-02-1220
Development of Methodology for Determina-
tion of the Effects of Diesel Fuel and
Fuel Additives on Particulate Emissions
(26 AAE-25)
06-27-73
08-12-74
Protocol to Characterize Gaseous Emissions 02-13-74
as a Function of Fuel and Additive 09-30-74
Composition - Prototype Vehicles (26 AAE-07)
Development of a Sampling Procedure 06-14-73
Total Atmospheric Selenium (26 ACX-19) 06-12-74
Stanford Research Inst.
68-02-0010
Atmospheric Measurement of Photochemical 01-22-71
Smog Reactions, Preliminary Analysis 07-22-71
Stanford Research Inst.
22-69-43 (CAPA-4-68)
Stanford Research Inst.
86-68-73
Study to Determine Fate of CO in the 02-01-69
Atmosphere 03-31-70
Study of Application of Electron 12-29-67
Microscopy to Acid Aerosol Detection 01-31-69
Stanford Research Inst.
86-66-60
Stanford Research Inst.
22-69-125
Development of Simple Auto Exhaust
Analyzer
Investigation of Photochemical
Reactivities of Organic Solvents
01-24-66
07-24-66
06-23-69
06-23-70
Project Officer
A. Altshuller
A. Altshuller
Amount
$ 75,617
75,352
EPA, APTD,
or PB
Numbers
PB 194-061 Vol. 1
PB 194-062 Vol. 2
PB 194-063 Vol. 3
PB 194-064 Vol. 4
APTD-0697
R. Bradow
171,236
R. Bradow
129,064
M. Bufalini
A. Altshuller
J. Bufalini
J. Wagman
B. Steigerwald
S. Kopczynski
32,133
14,592
15,383
24,762
14,628
94,760
PB 210-422
APTD-0614
PB 195-433
PB 187-770
APTD-1232
-------
Contrafctor and
Contract Number
Title
Stanford Research Inst.
(CRC) 70-75 (CAPA-4-68)
Stanford Research Inst.
70-173
Study to Determine Fate of CO in
Atmosphere
Study of Low Backscatter by Particulates
in Stack Emissions
Stanford Research Inst.
68-02-0543
Stanford Research Inst.
68-02-0594
State of California Air
Resources Board
68-02-0788
Systems Research
86-66-135
Systems Technology Assoc. Inc.
68-02-0658
Development of a CW Lidar for the
Remote Measurement of Smoke-Plume
Opacity
Feasibility Study of In-Situ Source
Monitoring of Particulate Composition
by Raman or Fluorescence Scatter
Laboratory Analysis of Atmospheric
Hydrocarbons in Los Angeles Reactive
Pollutant Program (LARPP) (21 AKC-10)
Fabricate Apparatus for Study of Surface
Properties
Development and Fabrication of a
Prototype Mass Emission Data System
Thermo-Systems, Inc.
22-69-83
Develop Transducer for Continuous
Measurement of Aerosol Mass Concentration
Air Pollution/Quartz
Thermo-Systems, Inc.
70-23
Continuous Particulate Monitors for
Fossil-Fuel Combustion Sources
Thermo-Systems, Inc.
68-02-0654
Design and Fabrication of a Trailer
Van Laboratory Shell (21 AKB-28)
Thunder Scientific Corp.
68-02-0588
Development of a Subsidiary Emission
Measurement Monitoring System
Start/
End
Dates
06-30-70
03-31-71
06-30-70
12-15-71
05-30-72
05-29-73
Project Officer
J. Bufalini
W. Conner
W. Conner
Amount
$ 31,574
84,616
62,204
EPA, APTD,
or PB
Numbers
EPA R2-72-089
PB 212-530
EPA 650/2-73-037
PB 231-992/AS
06-27-72
12-26-72
J. Nader
24,698
EPA R2-73-219
PB 225-042/1AS
06-08-73
02-15-74
A. Altshuller
36,500
04-29-66
11-01-67
06-28-72
08-15-73
L. Scheel
F. Jaye
38,784
99,373
EPA 650/2-73-009
PB 232—013/AS
05-27-69
05-27-70
J. Wagman
74,225
PB 193-362
02-12-70
01-11-73
08-24-72
10-23-73
06-26-72 ¦
05-25-73
J. Burckle
J. Durham
F. Jaye
240,733
133,321
43,877
EPA 650/2-73-022
PB 231-919/AS
EPA 650/2-73-008
PB 232-442/AS
-------
Contractor and
Contract Number
Title
Thunder Scientific Corp.
68-02-0709
TRC - The Research Corp.
of New England
68-02-0662
TRW Inc.
71-23
TRW Inc.
68-02-0309
United Aircraft Corp.
68-02-0656
Univ. of California
86-68-72
Univ. of Cincinnati
86-67-68
Univ. of Minnesota
86-65-44
Univ. of Minnesota
68-02-0333
Univ of Virginia
22-68-7
5F-
VO
Feasibility Study of Solid State
Halogen Sensors for Stationary Sources
(26 AAP-20)
Adaptation and Evaluation of Odor
Measurement Techniques to Various
Odor Sources (26 AAP-72)
Evaluation of Sulfur Dioxide Monitors
Combustion Sources
Design and Construct a Portable Laser
Interference Type Velocimeter for
Stack Velocity Measurements
Feasibility Study of the Use of Resonance
Scattering for the Remote Detection of
Pollution in Stationary Source Emissions
Photochemical Reactor Studies
Eye Irritation Study
Construction, Testing and Calibration
of Electron Aerosol Particle Size
Analyzer and Classifier
Particle Size Distribution Studies
in Support of Denver Study
Develop or Establish Design Criteria
and Aerosol Ultra Centrifuge for
Continuous Operation in the Ambient
Atmosphere
Start/
End
Dates
11-30-72
04-30-74
Project Officer
F. Jaye
Amount
$ 43,551
EPA, APTD,
or PB
Numbers
08-24-72
02-23-74
J. Nader
118,514 EPA 650/2-74-008a
08-28-70
09-27-71
06-30-71
12-30-71
F. Jaye
F. Jaye
144,925
38,520
EPA R2-73-163
PB 220-202
EPA R2-72-132
PB 213-263
06-30-72
10-30-73
W. Herget
39,843
EPA 650/2-74-02
04-15-67
08-31-68
01-01-67
06-30-71
02-02-65
08-09-65
A. Altshuller
S. Kopczynski
J. Nader
37,159
36,138
5,453
11-22-71
04-30-72
03-01-68
06-30-70
W. Wilson
J. Wagman
14,738
74,863
PB 190-947
-------
Contractor and
Contract Number
Title
Walden Res. Corp.
68-02-0780
Walden Research Div. of
Abcor, Inc.
68-02-0218
Walden Research Div. of
Abcor, Inc.
68-02-0320
Walden Research Div. of
Abcor, Inc.
68-02-009 (Mod.)
Walden Research Div. of
Abcor, Inc.
68-02-0564
Walden Research Div. of
Abcor, Inc.
68-02-0590
Walden Research Div. of
Abcor, Inc.
68-02-0591
Walden Research Div. of
Abcor, Inc.
68-02-0742
Worthington Biochemical Corp.
68-02-0566
Design and Construction of a Prototype
Sulfuric Acid Mist Monitoring System
for Stationary Sources (26 AAP-43)
Composition of the Atmosphere of the
Los Angeles Basin
Evaluation of Monitoring Methods and
Instrumentation for Hydrocarbons in
Stationary Sources Emissions
Evaluation and Modification of Manual
SO^ and SO^ Sampling Techniques
Instrumentation or Methods in the
Rapid and Accurate Measurement of
Nitrate and Sulfation in Atmospheric
Particulates
Evaluation of Instrumentation for
Monitoring Total Mercury Emissions from
Stationary Sources
Development of a Prototype Nitrate
Detector
Investigation of Extractive Sampling
Interface Parameters (26 AAP-27)
Isolation of Hayfever Antigens from
Short Ragweed Pollen
Start/
End
Dates
05-16-73
06-16-74
Project Officer
F. Jaye
Amount
$ 55,550
EPA, APTD,
or PB
Numbers
06-30-71
07-29-73
S. Kopczynski
40,046
06-30-71
03-30-73
F. Jaye
131,112
EPA R2-72-106
PB 226-657/5WP
01-15-71
04-30-72
F. Jaye
151,499
EPA R2-72-105
PB 215-887
06-29-72
08-28-73
E. Wittgenstein
24,900
EPA 650/2-73-050
PB 230-887/AS
06-28-72
07-27-73
R. Bennett
98,737 EPA R2-73-252
06-28-72
10-27-74
T. Dzubay
55,347
02-08-73
02-07-74
J. Homolya
69,113
06-27-72
03-26-73
E. Wittgenstein
40,000 EPA 650/2-74-044
-------
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LABORATORY - COMPLETED GRANTS
Grantee Inst.
Grant Number
Aerospace Corp.
801139
Aerospace Corp.
801340
Amer. Health Foundation
800985
American University
800708
Arkansas, Univ. of
800886
Calif. Tech. Inst.
800308
Calif. Tech. Inst.
801100
Calif. State College
801435
Calif. State Health
801336
Calif., Univ. of, Berkeley
801120
Calif., Univ. of, Berkeley
800402
Title
Free Radical Reactions in Polluted Air
The Role of Solid-Gas Interactions in Air Pollution
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Profile in Urban Air
Birefringent Filter for Optical Monitoring of Air
Pollutants
Heterogeneous Reactions in Air Pollution
Investigation of Submicron Aerosols
Bioenglneering Aspects of Air Pollution
Photolytic Oxidation in the Presence of NO2
Characterizing Asbestos-Bearing Aerosols
Photochemistry of Substances Present in Urban Air
Mechanisms of Photooxidation
Start/
End
Dates
04-01-71
10-31-73
06-01-71
09-30-73
05-01-72
04-30-74
06-12-73
07-30-74
05-01-72
04-30-74
06-01-72
07-31-73
04-01-72
03-31-73
01-01-70
12-31-73
06-15-72
07-31-73
05-01-68
10-31-73
03-01-68
05-31-73
Project Officer
J. Durham
J. Durham
E. Sawicki
W. McCletiny
J. Durham
W. Wilson
W. Wilson
J. Bufalini
J. Wagman
J. Bufalini
J. Bufalini
Amount
$ 36,000
50,000
31,000
12,000
45,910
27,983
51,413
0
42,966
45,000
16,000
-------
Grantee Inst.
Grant Number
,
Calif., Univ. of, LA
801395
Cath. Univ. of America
800374
Clarkson College
801802
Colorado, Urtiv. of
800902
Cornell University
801298
Drexel University
801138
Georgia, Univ. of
801304
Harvard University
801101
Indiana University
801833
Kansas State Univ.
800792
Maine, Univ. of
800209
Michigan, Univ. of
802373
Title
A New Instrument for Kinetic Studies of Air Pollution
Studies of 0, Atom Reactions of Atmospheric Importance
Physical Chemical Studies of Aerosols
Photochemistry of Sulfur Dioxide and Other Compounds
Peracetoxy: Recombination
Matrix-Isolated Spectra of Nitrogen Oxides
Photochemical Studies by ESR Spin Trapping Techniques
Molecular Beam Kinetics: Oxygen Atom Reactions
Physical Chemistry of Aerosols
New Analytical Methods for Sulfur Dioxide
Photochemical Oxidation of Kraft Air Pollutants
Permeation Tube Sources for N0x, and CO Standards
Start/
End
Dates
Project Officer
Amount
06-01-72 -
05-31-74
02-01-70 -
10-31-73
04-01-68 -
05-31-73
06-01-71 -
05-31-73
06-01-70 -
05-31-73
05-01-71 -
06-30-73
05-01-70 -
05-31-73
04-01-72 -
03-31-74
10-01-71 -
09-30-73
10-01-72 -
09-30-73
06-09-73 -
06-08-74
07-23-73 -
07-22-74
W. Lonneman
J. Bufalini
W. Wilson
J. Bufalini
J. Bufalini
J. Bufalini
M. Dodge
H. Dodge
T. Dzubay
J. Mulik
M. Dodge
R. Stevens
30,800
13,887
37,298
26,900
24,800
10,100
26,401
49,900
46,050
12,828
6,331
15,000
-------
Grantee Inst.
Grant Number
Minnesota, Univ. of
801175
Montana, Univ. of
800665
Penn. State Univ.
800757
Penn. State Univ.
800949
Princeton University
800805
Rochester, Univ. of
801210
Rutgers University
801099
Stanford Research Inst.
800425
State Univ. of S.t,
801367
Tulane University
801429
Vermont, Univ. of
800864
Virginia, Univ. of
801255
Title
Generation and Decay of Small Ions
Kinetics of Reaction of Ozone with Sulfur Compounds
Conversion of NO to NO2 in Polluted Atmospheres
Reactions of Halocarbons
Remote Detection of Atmospheric Pollutants
Aspects of Chemical Reactions of Air Pollutants
EPR Study of Photoreactions in the Atmosphere
Kinetics and Thermochemistry of Free Radicals
Non-Photochemical Formation of Atmospheric Aerosols
Development and Use of a Laser Air Pollution Monitor
Automated Microparticle Shape Discrimination
The Reaction of 0'[D] Atoms with Water Vapour
Start/
End
Dates
Project Officer
Amount
05-01-73 -
07-31-74
03-01-71 -
08-31-73
04-01-70 -
05-31-73
06-09-73 -
06-08-74
03-01-73 -
08-31-74
05-01-70 -
03-31-73
04-01-70 -
08-31-72
11-01-71 -
10-31-72
06-23-72 -
08-31-73
06-01-71 -
06-30-73
05-01-70 -
08-31-73
05-01-70 -
04-30-73
T. Dzubay
M. Dodge
J. Bufalini
J. Bufalini
W. Herget
J. Bufalini
J. Bufalini
M. Dodge
W. Wilson
R. Stevens
T. Dzubay
J. Bufalini
40,000
29,750
38,200
30,000
71,000
4,800
0
69,425
78,857
67,007
25,872
-------
Grantee Inst.
Grant Number
Washington State Univ.
800167
Washington State Univ.
800438
Washington, Univ. of
800872
Western N.7. Nuc. Res. Ctr.
801253
faromb Research Fdn.
800834
Title
Evaluation of a New Cryogenic Sampler for Field Use
Development of a Fluoride-Specific Microelectrode
Plume Opacity and Air Pollutant Particle Properties
Photochemical Reactions of Chlorine in Atmospheric
Pollution
Field Evaluation of a Mobile Remote Sensing System
Start/
End
Dates
06-01-72 -
03-31-74
10-01-70 -
01-31-74
05-01-73 -
04-30-74
06-01-71 -
05-31-73
06-15-72 -
02-28-73
Project Officer
W. Lonneman
E. Sawicki
W. Conner
J. Bufalini
J. Nader
Amount
36,454
9,995
25,000
23,224
24,999
-------
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LABORATORY - COMPLETED INTERAGENCY AGREEMENTS
Agency and Agreement
Air Force Rocket Propulsion Lab.
Department of the Air Force
Air Force Rocket Propulsion Lab.
Department of the Air Force
EPA-IAG-021(D)
Argorme National Laboratory
Atomic Energy Commission
Argonne National Laboratory
Atomic Energy Commission
Argonne National Laboratory
Atomic Energy Commission
EPA-IAG-069(D)
Arnold Eng. Development Center
Department of the Air Force
EPA-IAG-0139(D)
Arnold Eng. Development Center
Department of the Air Force
EPA-IAG-0177(D)
Bartlesville Energy Res. Center
Bureau of Mines
690209
Title
Development of a Standard Analytical Method for NO and
Emission
Investigation of Solid Sorbents for Stationary Source
Sampling (26 AAP-22)
A Study of the Fate of Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere
A Study of Natural Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere
Measure Isotopic Ratios in CO and C„H_ in St. Louis
for Tracer Selection (56 AAI-04)
Effects of Nozzle Design and Sampling Techniques on
Aerosol Measurements
Technology Development of In-Situ Measurements of
Particle Size
Products of Combustion of Distillate Fuels for Motive
Powers
Start/
End
Dates
06-28-71
05-27-72
09-22-72
06-30-73
01-01-70
12-31-70
05-01-71
12-31-71
01-10-73
01-09-74
03-24-72
09-23-72
06-13-72
06-12-73
07-01-70
06-30-71
Project Officer
F. Jaye
F. Jaye
J. Bufalini
J. Bufalini
J. Bufalini
J. Burckle
J. Burckle
J. Davis
J. Sigsby
Amount
$ 64,000
23,158
40,000
16,634
40,000
45,000
35,000
120,000
Bartlesville Energy Res, Center
Bureau of Mines
690209
Bartlesville Energy Res. Center
Bureau of Mines
Interaction of Fuel and Engine Factors Influencing
Exhaust Emission
Photo—Chemical Reactivity Studies
07-01-70
06-30-71
07-01-70
06-30-71
J. Sigsby
A. Altshuller
120,000
300,000
-------
Agency and Agreement
Bartlesville Energy Res. Center
t|ureau of Mines
EPA-IAG-0138(D)
Bartlesville Energy Res. Center
Bureau of Mines
EPA-IAG-097(D)
Bartlesville Energy Res. Center
Bureau of Mines
EPA-IAG-D4-F447
Title
Characteristics and Photochemical Reactivity of Fuel
Components and Combustion Products
Methodology for Determining the Effects of Fuel
Additives on Automotive Caseous Emissions (26 AAE-09)
Development of a Procedure to Determine Chemical Form
of Sulfur Compounds in Airborne Particulates by
Thermogravimetric Analyzer and Flame Photometric
Detection (26 AEK-58)
Start/
End
Dates
07-01-71
06-30-72
03-26-73
12-26-73
02-28-74
05-30-74
Project Officer
J, Moran
J. Sigsby
R. Stevens
Amount
$160,000
100,000
8,400
Bartlesville Energy Res.
Bureau of Mines
EPA-IAG-D4-0453
Bartlesville Energy Res.
Bureau of Mines
EPA-IAG-D4-044 0
Center Study of the Character of Gaseous Emissions from Rotary 03-01-74
Engines Using Additive Fuel (26 AAE-14) 09-30-74
Center
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Atomic Energy Commission
EPA—IAG-0102(R)
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Atomic Energy Commission
EPA-IAG-0088(D)
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Atomic Energy Commission
EPA-IAG-094(D)
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Atomic Energy Commission
EPA-IAG-116(D)
Gaseous Emissions Associated with Gasoline Additives-
Reciprocating Engines (26 AAE-12)
Atmospheric Sulfur Pollutants Program
An Investigation of the Origin of the Sulfur Component
of Stratospheric Aerosols
Plume Chemistry Studies for RAPS (56 AAJ-20)
03-01-74
09-01-74
06-25-70
06-30-72
12-01-71
11-30-72
01-01-73
12-31-73
Studies on New Methods of Permeation Device Calibration 03-22-73
(26 ACX-39) 03-21-74
J. Sigsby
J. Sigsby
A. Altshuller
J. Wagman
P. Hanst
A. Altshuller
J. Clements
T. Clark
40,000
100,000
140,000
30,000
58,000
50,000
-------
Agency and Agreement
Title
Environmental Science Services Spectroscopic Characteristics of Pollutant Gases
Administ rat ion
Department of Commerce
Environmental Research Labs. Remote Sensing of Pollutants
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
Department of Commerce
Environmental Research Labs.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
Department of Commerce
EPA-IAG-0084(R) and Mod 1
Remote Sensing of Pollutants
Environmental Research Labs. Remote Sensing of Pollutants (26 AAP-74)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
Department of Commerce
EPA-IAG-0077(D)
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
Atomic Energy Commission
EPA-IAG-0089(D) & A
Lawrence Radiation Laboratory
Atomic Energy Commission
EPA-IAG-017 9(D)
Lawrence Radiation Laboratory
Atomic Energy Commission
EPA-IAG-079(D)
Lincoln Laboratory
Department of the Air Force
F 19628-70-C-0230
Development of Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescent
Analyzer
Feasibility Study of a Gunn Diode Microwave Cavity
Spectrometer as a Formaldehyde Gas Monitor
Development of X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzer for
Elemental Analysis of Particulate Matter
(56 AAI-06, 08, 09)
Development and Application of Tunable Diode Lasers
to the Detection and Quantitative Evaluation of
Atmospheric Pollutant Gases
Start/
End
Dates Project OfficeT Amount
06-01-69 - J. Nader $60,000
06-30-70
06-01-70 - H. Barnes 60,000
06-30-71
07-01-71 - H. Barnes 40,000
06-30-72
10-15-72 - H. Barnes 35,000
03-31-74
12-02-71 - R. Stevens 110,000
02-28-73 x. Dzubay
05-24-72 - J. Hodgeson 56,000
01-31-74 R. Stevens
01-01-73 - T. Dzubay 120,000
12-31-73
12-11-70 -
12-10-71
J. Nader
155,000
-------
.Agency and Agreement
National Bureau of Standards
3105456
National Bureau of Standards
3105456
National Bureau of Standards
National Bureau of Standards
EPA-IAG-0151(D)
National Bureau of Standards
EPA-IAG-0178(D)
National Bureau of Standards
EPA-IAG-109(D)
National Bureau of Standards
EPA-IAG-llO(D)
National Science Foundation
EPA-IAG-118 (D)
Naval Research Laboratory
Department of the Navy
Naval Research Laboratory
Department of the Navy
EPA-IAG-085(D)
Naval Research Laboratory
Department of the Navy
EPA-IAG-D4—0344
Title
Study of Feasibility of Use of Permeation Tubes for
Gas Analysis Standards
Development, Construction and Calibration of Ozone
Generators
Magnetic Tape Processing
Development of Standard Reference Materials for
Air Pollution Measurements
Development of Optical Particle Sizing System
Develop Optical Particle Size Monitor (56 AAI-10)
Develop Calibration Filter Media for X-Ray Fluorescent
Analyzer (26 AEK-22 & 26)
Development of a Diode Laser System to Measure Trace
Gases by Long Path Absorption Techniques (56 AAI-14)
Development of X-Ray Optical Techniques for the Chemical
Analysis of Particulate Pollutants
Development of X-Ray Optical Techniques for the Chemical
Analysis of Particulate Pollutants (26 AAN-10)
Development of X-Ray Optical Techniques for the
Chemical Analysis of Particulate Pollutants
(26 AAN-10)
Start/
End
Dates
05-15-69
06-30-70
07-01-70
06-30-71
07-01-70
02-28-71
07-01-71
06-30-72
06-27-72
06-27-73
03-01-73
01-31-74
06-01-73
05-30-74
03-21-73
12-20-73
03-01-71
11-15-72
11-15-72
12-31-73
10-01-73
09-30-74
Project Officer
A. Haines
T. Stanley
K. Krost
J. Margeson
T. Dzubay
T. Dzubay
T. Dzubay
W. McClenny
J. Wagman
J. Wagman
J. Wagman
Amount
$ 47,775
54,445
1,500
102,000
40,000
34,000
41,060
129,300
65,000
25,000
30,000
-------
Agency and Agreement
Title
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Atomic Energy Commission
EPA-IAG-0061
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Atomic Energy Commission
AEC-40-(M)-35-69
Development of Electrochemical Air Monitors for Chlorine
and Chlorides
Joint AEC-APCO Study of Gas Aerosol Interactions in
Dispersed Phase
to
Start/
End
Dates Project Officer Amount
07-01-71 - R. Stevens $ 46,500
06-30-72
07-01-70 -
06-30-71
J. Durham
17,200
-------
PUBLICATIONS SUPPORTED
BY
INTRAMURAL FUNDS
-------
PUBLICATIONS
SUPPORTED BY INTRAMURAL FUNDS
1. Absolute Calibration of a Flame Photometric Detector to Volatile Sulfur
Compounds at Sub-Part-Per-Million Levels. R. K. Stevens, A. E. O'Keeffe,
and G. C. Ortman. Environ. Sci. Technol., 3/.655, 1969.
2. Addendum to Further Development of Generalized Kinetic Mechanism for
Photochemical Smog. T. A. Hecht, J. H. Seinfeld, and M. C. Dodge.
Environ. Sci. Technol., f}:588, 1974.
3. Addendum to Tentative Method for the Continuous Analysis of Total
Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere (Flame Ionization Method): Flame
Ionization Detector. E. Sawicki, P. R. Atkins, T. Belsky, R. A.
Friedel, D. L. Hyde, J. L. Monkman, R. A. Rasmussen, L. A. Ripperton,
J. E. Sigsby, and L. D. White. Health Lab. Sci., 10:108, 1973.
4. Aerosol Composition and Component Size Distributions in Urban
Atmospheres. J. Wagman. In: Proceedings of the 11th Conference on
Methods in Air Pollution and Industrial Hygiene Studies, Berkeley,
California, April 1970.
5. Aerosol Research Activities at the National Center for Air Pollution
Control, USPHS. J. Wagman. J. Air Poll. Contr. Assoc., Y7_:572, 1967.
6. Airborne Carcinogens and Allied Compounds. E. Sawicki. Arch.
Environ. Health, 14:46, 1967.
7. Air Pollution. A. P. Altshuller. Anal. Chem., 35:3P, 1963.
8. Air Pollution. A. P. Altshuller. Anal. Chem., 37^11R, 1965.
9. Air Pollution. A. P. Altshuller. Anal. Chem., 32:10R, 1967.
10. Air Pollution and Health. J. R. Goldsmith, L. Greenburg, A. P.
Altshuller, and W. S. Spicer, Jr. Amer. Rev. Respiratory Pis..
93(2):2, 1966.
11. Air Pollution Measurement by Long Path Absorption Spectroscopy.
P. L. Hanst. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Clean Air
Congress, Washington, D. C., 1971. p. 492-499.
12. Air Pollution Monitoring by Advanced Spectroscopic Techniques.
J. A. Hodgeson, W. A. McClenny, and P. L. Hanst. Science, 182:
248, 1973.
13. Air Pollution: Photochemical Aspects. A. P. Altshuller. Science,
151(3714):1105, 1966.
t
14. Air Sampling with Plastic Bags. W. D. Conner and J. S. Nader.
Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.; 2_5:291, 1964.
82
-------
15. Analysis for Airborne Particulate Hydrocarbons: Their Relative
Proportions as Affected by Different Types of Pollution. E. Sawicki.
National Cancer Institute Monograph No. 9, 1962, p. 201-220.
16. Analysis for Aromatic Compounds on Paper and Thin-layer Chromato-
grams by Spectrophotophosphorimetry. Application to Air Pollution.
E. Sawicki. Anal. Chim. Acta, 32^:521, 1965.
17- Analysis of Aerotoxicants. E. Sawicki. CRC Critical Rev, in Anal.
Chem., 1^276, 1970.
18. Analysis of Aliphatic Aldehydes in Source Effluents and in the
Atmosphere. A. P. Altshuller, I. R. Cohen, M. E. Myer, and
A. F. Wartburg. Anal. Chim. Acta, 25:101, 1961.
19. Analysis of Alkylating Agents: Applications to Air Pollution.
E. Sawicki and C. R. Sawicki. Ann. New York Acad. Sci., 163:895, 1969.
20. Analysis of Compounds Containing the p-Nitroaniline Phosphor and
Analogous Groups by Phosphorimetry and by Room-Temperature and Low
Temperature Fluorimetry. E. Sawicki and J. Pfaff. Microchem. J.,
12:7, 1967.
21. Analysis of the Non-Polar Fraction of Giant Ragweed Pollen: Carotenoids.
E. Wittgenstein and E. Sawicki. Mikrochim. Acta, 19:765, 1970.
22. Analysis of Organic Gaseous Pollutants. A. P. Altshuller. In: Air
Pollution, Vol. II, 2nd Ed., Stern, A. C. (ed.), New York, Academic
Press, 1968. p. 115-145.
23. Analysis of Organic Substances in the Atmosphere by Gas Chromatography
with Ionization Detectors. In: Methods of Analysis of Polluted Atmospheres
in the U. S^ A. P. Altshuller. Int. J. Air Water Poll., 7_:79, 1963.
24. Analysis of the Oxidant in Photochemical Reactions. I. R. Cohen,
T. C. Purcell, and A. P. Altshuller. Environ. Sci. Technol., 1^:247, 1967.
25. Analysis of the Urban Atmosphere and Air Pollution Source Effluents
for Phenalen-l-one and 7H-Benz(de)Anthracen-7-one. E. Sawicki,
T. W. Stanley, and W. C. Elbert. Mikrochim. Acta, 1110, 1965.
26. Analytical Methods Applied to Air Pollution Measurements. Stevens. R, K.
and Herget, W. F. (eds.). Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor Science Pubi., Inc., 1974.
27. Analytical Problems in Air Pollution Control. A. P. Altshuller,
In: Analytical Chemistry: Key to Progress on National Problems,
Meinke and Taylor (eds.). Washington, D. C. National Bureau of
Standards Special Publication 351, 1972.
83
-------
28. An Analytical System Designed to Measure Multiple Malodorous
Compounds Related to Kraft Mill Activities. J. D. Mulik,
R. K. Stevens, and R. Baumgardner. In: Proceedings of the
12th Conference on Methods in Air Pollution and Industrial
Hygiene Studies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles,
California, April 1971.
29. Application of a Chemiluminescence Detector for the Measurement of
Total Oxides of Nitrogen and Ammonia in the Atmosphere. J. A. Hodgeson,
J. P. Bell, K. A. Rehme, K. J. Krost, R. K. Stevens. In: Proceedings
of Joint Conference on Sensing Environmental Pollutants, AIAA Paper
No. 71-1067, Amer. Inst. Aero, and Astro., New York, 1971.
30. Application of Chemiluminescence to the Measurement of Gaseous Pol-
lutants. J. A. Hodgeson, W. A. McClenny, and R. K. Stevens. In:
Anal. Methods Applied to Air Poll. Meas., Stevens, R. K. and
Herget, W. F. (eds.). Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor Science Publ., Inc., 1974.
31. Application of Diffusion Cells to the Production of Known Concen-
trations of Gaseous Hydrocarbons. A. P. Altshuller and I. R. Cohen.
Anal. Chem., 31:802, 1960.
32. The Application of Electro-optical Techniques to the Sensing of
Stationary Source Pollutants. W. F. Herget. In: Proceedings of
the 2nd Joint Conference on Sensing of Environmental Pollutants,
Washington, D. C., December 1973, p. 155-160.
33. Application of the 3-Methyl-2-Benzothiazolone Hydrazone Method for
Atmospheric Analysis of Aliphatic Aldehydes. A. P. Altshuller and
L. J. Leng. Anal. Chem., 35:1541, 1963.
34. Application of a Rapid Thiit-Layer Chromatographic Procedure to the
Determination of Benzo(a)pyrene, Benz(c)acridines, and 7H-Benz(de)
anthracen-7-one in Airborne Particulates from Many American Cities.
T. W. Stanley, M. J. Mbrgan, and E. M. Grisby. Environ. Sci. Technol
2.: 699, 1968. ~ —
351 Application of Subtractive Techniques to the Analysis of Automotive
Exhaust. D. L. Klosterman and J. E. Sigsby. Environ. Sci. Techno!
1:309, 1967. ~
36. The Application of Thin-layer Chromatographic and Spectral Procedures
to the Analysis of Aza Heterocyclic Hydrocarbons in Complex Mixtures.
E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley, and W. C. Elbert. Occup. Health Rev
16:3, 8-16, 1964. —
37 Application of Thin-layer Chromatography to the Analysis of Atmospheric
Pollutants and Determination of Benzo(a)pyrene. E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanlev
"W. C. Elbert, and J. Pfaff. Anal. Chem., 36:497, 1964 "
38. Applications of Chemiluminescent Reactions to the Measurement of Air
Pollutants. R. K. Stevens and J. A. Hodgeson. Anal. Chem.. 45:443A. 1973.
84
-------
39. Applications of X-Ray Fluorescence to Particulate Measurements. T. G.
Dzubay and R. K. Stevens. In: Proceedings of 2nd Joint Conference on
Sensing of Environmental Pollutants, Washington, D. C. ISA:211, 1973.
40. Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere of the Los Angeles Basin.
W. A. Lonneman, A. P. Altshuller, and T. A. Bellar. Environ. Sci.
Technol. » 2^1017, 1968.
41. Assay for 9-Acridanone in Urban Atmosphere by Thin Layer Chroma-
tography Fluorimetric Procedures. E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley, and
W. C. Elbert. Talanta, 14:431, 1967.
42. Atmospheric Analysis by Gas Chromatography. A. P. Altshuller.
In: Advances in Chromatography, 5^ U. S. Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1967. p. 229-261.
43. Atmospheric Emissions from Petroleum Refineries. A. P. Altshuller.
Int. J. Air Water Poll., j5:169, 1962.
44. Atmospheric Photooxidation of the Ethylene-Nitric Oxide System.
A. P. Altshuller and I. R. Cohen. Int. J. Air Water Poll., 8_:611, 1964.
45. Atmospheric Reaction Studies Related to Air Pollution. A. P. Altshuller.
Arch. Environ. Health, 8,:27, 1964.
46. Atmospheric Reactions of Propionaldehyde in Air Mixtures.
A. P. Altshuller and I. R. Cohen. Atmospheric Environ., 1^:319,
1967.
47. Atmospheric Sulfur Dioxide and Sulfate Distribution of Concen-
tration at Urban and Non-Urban Sites in the United States.
A. P. Altshuller. Environ. Sci. Techno 1., 7^:709, 1973.
48. Automated Analysis System Makes Kraft Emission Measurements Easy.
J. D. Mulik, R. K. Stevens, and R. Baumgardner. Paper Trade J.,
April 1971.
49. The Automated Gas Chromatograph as an Air Pollution Monitor.
R. K. Stevens. In: Proceedings of the 1st Annual Conference on
Environmental Toxicology, Dayton, Ohio, 1970. Paper No. ARML-TR-70-102
No. 17. (Available from Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory Aerospace
Division, Air Force Systems Command Wright-Patterson Air Force Base,
Ohio 45433.)
50. Automated Pregl-Dumas Technique for Determining Total Carbon,
Hydrogen and Nitrogen in Atmospheric Aerosols. R. K. Patterson.
Anal. Chem., 45:605-609, 1973.
51. Automatic Zero Drift Correction of the Titrilog. J. S. Nader and
W. L. Coffey. Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 24:563, 1963.
52. Automotive Emissions After Hot and Cold Starts in Summer and Winter.
W. McMichael and J. E. Sigsby. J. Air Poll. Contr. Assoc.. 16:474, 1966.
85
-------
53. Azulene Procedure for Chromatographic Analysis of Aromatic
and Heterocyclic Aldehydes, Carbohydrates, and Other Aldehyde
Precursors• C. R. Engel and E. Sawicki. Microchem. J. ,
13:202, 1968.
54. Background Reduction in X-Ray Fluorescence Spectra Using Polarization.
T. G. Dzubay, B. V. Jarrett, and J. M. Jaklevic. Nuclear Instruments
and Methods, 115:297, 1974.
55. Benzo(a)pyrene Content of the Air of American Communities. E. Sawicki,
W. C. Elbert, T. R. Hauser, F. T. Fox, and T. W. Stanley. Amer. Ind.
Hyg. Assoc. J., 2^:443, 1960.
56. Calibrating Particulate Air Samples with Monodisperse Aerosols:
Application to the Andersen Cascade Impactor. J. P. Flesch,
C. H. Norris, and A. E. Nugent, Jr. Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.,
28:507, 1967.
57. Calibration Studies of a New Sub-Micron Aerosol Size Classifier.
J. P. Flesch. J. Coll. Interface Sci. , 2£:502, 1969.
58. Carcinogenic Bioassays on Air Pollutants. W. C. Hueper, P. Kotin,
E. C. Tabor, W. W. Payne, H. Falk, and E. Sawicki, Arch, of
Pathology, 74^89, 1962.
59. Carcinogenicity of Organic Particulate Pollutants in Urban Air
after Administration of Trace Quantities to Neonatal Mice.
S. S. Epstein, S. Joshi, J. Andrea, N. Mantel, E. Sawicki,
T. Stanley, and E. C. Tabor. Nature, 212(5068):1305, 1966.
60. Characterization of Aromatic Compounds by Low-Temperature Fluor-
escence and Phosphorescence: Application to Air Pollution Studies.
E. Sawicki and H. Johnson. Microchem. J., 8^:85, 1964.
61. Characterization of Carbazole and Polynuclear Carbazoles in Urban
Air and in Air Polluted by Coal-tar Pitch Fumes by Thin-layer
Chromatography and Spectrophotofluorometry. D. F. Bender,
E. Sawicki, and R. M. Wilson. Int. J. Air Water Poll., J3:633, 1964.
62. Characterization and Estimation of n-Alkanes in Airborne
Particulates. S. P. McPherson, E. Sawicki, and F. T. Fox.
J. Gas Chromatog., 156-159, 1966.
63. Characterization of Polynuclear Aza Heterocyclic Hydrocarbons
Separated by Column and Thin-layer Chromatography from Air
Pollution Source Particulates. E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley,
and W. C. Elbert. J. Chromatog., 18:512, 1965.
64. Chemical Aspects of the Photooxidation of the System Propylene-
Nitrogen Oxide-Sulfur Dioxide. A. P. Altshuller, S. L. Kopczynski,
W. A. Lonneman, T. L. Becker, and R. Slater. Environ. Sci. Technol
1:899* 1967. ~
86
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65. Chemical Attack and Economic Assessment of Air Pollutants on Exterior
Paints. J. W. Spence and F. H. Haynie. J. of Paint Technol., 44
(574):70, 1972.
66. Chemical Methodology in Auto Exhaust Studies. J. E. Sigsby, L. Lage,
T. Bellar, M. Eisele. J. Air Poll, Contr. Assoc., 12:294, 1962.
67. A Chemiluminescerit Approach to Measurement of Strong Acid Aerosols.
T. G. Dzubay, H. L. Rook, and R. K. Stevens. In: Anal. Methods
Applied to Air Poll. Meas., Stevens, R. K. and Herget, W. F. (eds.).
Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor Science Publ,, Inc., 1974.
68. Chemiluminescent Measurement of Atmospheric Ozone. J. A. Hodgeson,
K. J. Krost, A. E. O'Keeffe, and R. K. Stevens. Anal. Chem.,
42:1795, 1970.
69. Chemiluminescent Method for Analysis of Nitrogen Compounds in Mobile
Source Emissions (NO, N02, and NH3). J. Sigsby, F. Black, T. Bellar,
and D. Klosterman. Environ. Sci. Technol., 7_:51, 1973.
70. Chemiluminescent Method for NO and N0X (NO + NO2) Analysis. F. Black
and J. E. Sigsby. Environ. Sci. Technol., 8^149, 1974.
71. Chromatograph Location and Colorimetric Determination of Mercaptans,
Prolines and Free-Radical Precursors. E. Sawicki and C. R. Engel.
Talanta, 14:1169, 1967.
72. Chromatographic Separation and Spectral Analysis of Polynuclear
Aromatic Amines and Heterocyclic Imines. E. Sawicki, H. Johnson,
and K. Kosinski. Microchem. J.% 1(3:72, 1966.
73. CO2 Laser Absorption Coefficient for Determining Ambient Levels of O3,
NH3, and C2H4. R. R. Patty, G. M. Russwurm, W. A. McClenny, and
D. R. Morgan. J. Appl. Optics, 13, 1974.
74. Colorimetric Determination of Alkyl Nitrites. A. P. Altshuller and
C. M. Schwab. Anal. Chem., 31:314, 1959.
75. Colorimetric Determination of Furfural and Its Precursors with Azulene.
E. Sawicki and C. R. Engel. Anal. Chim. Acta, 38:315, 1967.
76. Colorimetric Determination of Nitrate after Hydrazine Reduction to Nitrite.
C. R. Sawicki and F. P. Scaringelli. Microchem. J., 1£:657, 1971.
77. Column Chromatographic Separation of Basic Polynuclear Aromatic Com-
pounds from Complex Mixtures. E, Sawicki, J. E. Meeker, and M. J. Morgan.
J. Chroma tog., 17^:252, 1965.
78. Column and Thin-layer Chromatographic Separation of Polynuclear Ring-
Carbonyl Compounds. E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley, W. C. Elbert, and
M. Mbrgan. Talanta, 12:605, 1965.
87
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79. A Comparative Review of Open Path Spectroscopic Absorption Methods for
Ambient Air Monitors. W. A. McClenny, W. F. Herget, and R. K. Stevens.
In: Anal. Methods Applied to Air Poll. Meas., Stevens, R. K. Aid
Kerget, W. F. (eds.). Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor Science Pull., Inc., 1974.
80. A Comparison of Automotive Particle Mass Emission Measurement Techniques.
R. H. Herling, W. E. Karches, J. Wagman, 0. J. Manary, and J. B. Moran.
In: Proceedings of the Central States Combustion Institute, Ann Arbor,
Michigan, March 23-24, 1971.
81. Comparison of Chemiluminescence Methods for Measurement of Atmospheric
Ozone. J. A. Hodgeson, B. E. Martin, and R. E. Baumgardner. Progress
in Anal. Chem., 5., 1971.
82. Comparison of Fifty-two Spectrophotometry Methods for the Determination
of Nitrite. E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley, J. Pfaff, and A. D'Amico.
Talanta, 10:641, 1963.
83. Comparison of Fluorimetric Methods of Assay for Benz(c)acridine and
Benzo(h)quinoline in Urban Atmospheres and Air Pollution Source Effluents.
E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley, and W. C. Elbert. J. Chromatog.» 26^:72, 1967.
84. Comparison of Fluorimetric Methods of Assay for 7H-Benz(de)anthracen-7-
one in Airborne Particulates and Air Pollution Source Effluents. E. Sawicki,
H. Johnson, and M. Morgan. Mikrochim. Acta, 297, 1967.
85. Comparison of MBTH and Other Methods for the Determination of Sugars
and Other a-Glycolic Derivatives. Application to Air Pollution.
E. Sawicki and C. R. Engel. Microchem. J., 12:377, 1967.
86. Comparison of Methods for the Determination of Benzo(a)pyrene in Parti-
culates from Urban and Other Atmospheres. E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley,
W. E. Elbert, J. Meeker, and S. McPherson. Atmospheric Environ., 1:131, 1967.
87. A Comparison of Methods for Spot-Test Detection and Spectro-
photometric Determination of Glyoxal. E. Sawicki, T. R. Hauser,
anH R. M. Wilson. Anal. Chem., 34:505, 1962.
88. Comparison of Methods for the Spectrophotometric Determination
of Phenols in Automobile Exhaust Fumes. T. W. Stanley, E. Sawicki,
H. Johnson, and J. D. Pfaff. Mikrochim. Acta, 48, 1965.
89. Comparison of Permeation Devices and Nitrite Ion as Standards for the
Colorimetric Determination of Nitrogen Dioxide. F. P. Scaringelli,
E. Rosenberg, and K. A. Rehme. Environ. Sci. Technol.. 4^:924, 1970.
90. Comparison of Spectrophotometric and Spectrophotofluorometric
Methods for the Determination of Malonaldehyde. E. Sawicki,
T. W. Stanley, and H. Johnson. Anal. Chem., 15:199, 1963.
91. Comparison of Volume and Mass Distributions for Denver Aerosols. J. L.
Durham, W. E. Wilson, T. G. Ellestad, K. Willeke, and K. T. Whitby.
In: ' Proceedings of 167th National American Chemical Society Meeting,
Los Angeles, California, March 1974.
88
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92. Concentration of Hydrocarbons on Silica Gel Prior to Gas
Chromatographic Analysis. A. P. Altshuller, T. A. Bellar, and
C. A. Clemons. Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 23:164, 1961.
93. Concentration and Particle Size Distribution of Particulate
Emissions in Automobile Exhaust. R. E. Lee, Jr., R. K. Patterson,
W. L. Crider, and J. Wagman. Atmospheric Environ. , _5:225, 1971.
94. Concentration and Ultrasensitive Chromatographic Determination
of Sulfur Hexafluoride for Application, to Meteorological Tracing.
C. A. demons, A. I. Coleman, and B. E. Saltzman. Environ. Sci.
Techno 1. , 2_:551, 1968.
95. Constant Flow Regulators for the High-Volume Air Sampler.
W. K. Harrison, Jr., J. S. Nader, and F. S. Fugman. Amer. Ind.
Hyg. Assoc. J., 21:115-120, 1960.
96. Contaminated Smog Chambers in Air Pollution Research. J. J. Bufalini,
S. L. Kopczynski, and M. C. Dodge. Environ. Letters, _3:101, 1972.
97. A Continuous Monitor for Size Distribution of Airborne Particulate
Emissions. J. Wagman and C. M. Peterson. In: Proceedings of the
3rd International Clean Air Congress, Dusseldorf, Germany, October 1973.
p. C6-C8.
98. Continuous Monitoring for Atmospheric Total Oxidant and
Simultaneous Determination, of Ozone by Gas Phase Titration.
J. E. Dudley, E. R. Lozano, R. S. Yunghans, and J. J. Bufalini.
Presented at the APCA Meeting, New York, June 22-26, 1969.
APCA No. 69-87.
99. Continuous Monitoring of Mefhane and Other Hydrocarbons in Urban
Atmospheres. A. P. Altshuller, G. C. Ortman, B. E. Saltzman, and
R. E. Neligan. J. Air Poll. Contr. Assoc., 16^:87, 1966.
100. Correlation Between Corrosion Behavior of Steel and Atmospheric
Pollution Data. F. H. Haynie and J. B. Upham. Corrosion in Natural
Environments. ASTM STP 558, Publ. Code No. 04-558000-27, 1974.
101. Correlation of Piperonal Test Values for Aromatic Compounds with
the Atmospheric Concentration of Benzo(a)pyrene. E. Sawicki,
T. W. Stanley, T. R. Hauser, H. Johnson, and W. C. Elbert.
Int. J. Air Water Poll., 7^:57, 1963.
102. Current Problems in Atmospheric Aerosol Research. J. Wagman.
Int. J. Air Water Poll., 10:777, 1966.
103. Current Research on Atmospheric Sulfur Compounds and Their Trans-
formations. J. Wagman. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Physico-
chemical Transformation on Sulfur Compounds in the Atmosphere and
the Formation of Acid Smogs, Organization for Economic Cooperation
and Development, Mainz, Germany, June 8-9, 1967. p. 1-15.
89
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104. Current Techniques of Odor Measurement. J. S. Nader. A.M.A. Arch.
Ind. Health) 17:537-541, 1958.
105. Current Trends in Continuous Air Pollution Monitoring Systems. R. K.
Stevens, A. E. O'Keeffe, and G. C. Ortman. ISA Transact., 9_:1, 1970.
106. Data Acquisition Systems in Air Quality. J. S. Nader. In: Symposium
on Environmental Measurements, Public Health Service, U. S. Department
of Health, Education, and Welfare. Cincinnati, Ohio. Publication No.
999 AP-15. July 1964. p. 107-123.
107. Data Output Requirements for Monitoring SO2 Emissions from a Stationary
Source. J. B. Homolya. In: Proceedings of Instrument Society of
America, Houston, Texas, 1973. p. 7161-4.
108. Design of a Laboratory Experiment to Identify the Effects of Environ-
mental Pollutants on Materials. J. B. Upham and F. H. Haynie. Corrosion in
Natural Environments, ASTM STP 558, Publication Code No. 04-558000-27, 1974.
109. Detection of Acrolein in Automobile Exhaust and in the Atmosphere.
A. P. Altshuller. Int. J. Air Water Poll., 6^:169, 1962.
110. Detection of Aromatic Aldehydes. E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley, and
T. Hauser. Chemist-Analyst, 47:31, 1958.
111. Detection of Atmospheric Pollutants at Parts-per-Billion Levels by
Infrared Spectroscopy. P. L. Hanst, A. S. Lefohn, and B. W. Gay.
Appl. Spectrosc., 217^188, 1973.
112. Detection and Colorimetric Determination of Polynitro Aromatic Com-
pounds. E. Sawicki and T. W. Stanley. Anal. Chim. Acta. 23:551, 1960.
113. The Detection and Determination of Polynuclear Hydrocarbons in Urban
Airborne Particulates-I. The Benzopyrene Fraction. E. Sawicki, W. C.
Elbert, T. W. Stanley, T. R. Hauser, and I. T. Fox. Int. J. Air Water
Poll., 2:273, 1960.
114. Detection of Heterosubstituted Aromatic Derivatives and Determination
of Aromatics in the Air. E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley, and T. R. Hauser.
Chemist-Analyst, 47:69, 1958.
115. Detection of Polynuclear Hydrocarbons and Phenols with Benzal and
Piperonal Chlorides. E. Sawicki, R. Miller, T. W. Stanley, and
T. Hauser. Anal. Chem., _30:1130, 1958.
116. Detection of Primary Aromatic Amines. E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley,
and T. R. Hauser. Chemist-Analyst, 48:30, 1959.
117. Detection of Pyrene, Benzo(a)pyrene, and Other Polynuclear Hydrocarbons.
E. Sawicki and R. R. Miller. Anal. Chem., 30:109, 1958.
90
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118. Determination of 2-Amino-3-Hydroxy Acids and Analogous Compounds
Containing 2-Aminoethanol or Ethylenediamine Structures. E. Sawicki
and C. R. Engel. Chemist-Analyst, 56x7, 1967.
119. Determination of Atmospheric Concentrations of Sulfuric Acid Aerosol
by Spectrophotometry, Coulometry, and Flame Photometry. F. P. Scaringelli
and K. A. Rehme. Anal. Chem., 41:707, 1969.
120. Determination of Atmospheric Pollutants in the Parts-Per-Billion Range
by Gas Chromatograph. T. Bellar, M. Brown and J. E. Sigsby. Anal.
Chem., 35:1924, 1963.
121. Determination of Formaldehyde in Gas Mixtures by the Chromotropic
Acid Method. A. P. Altshuller, D. L. Miller, and S. F. Sleva.
Anal Chem.. 33:621, 1961.
122. Determination of Higher Molecular Weight Aliphatic Aldehydes and
Ketones. A. P. Altshuller and X. R. Cohen. Anal. Chem. Acta, 24j61, 1961.
123. Determination of Olefins in Combustion Gases and in the Atmosphere.
A. P. Altshuller, L. J. Lage, and S. F. Sleva. Amer. Ind. Hyg.
Assoc. J.. 23:289, 1962.
124. Determination of Primary Nitro-paraffins by Nitrous Acid Reaction.
I. R. Cohen and A. P. Altshuller. Anal. Chem., .32:881, 1960.
125. Determination of Relative Rates for Oxygen Atom-Hydrocarbon Reactions
by Reduction of Oxygen Atom, Nitric Oxide Chemiluminescence.
W. A. McClenny. J. Chem. Physics, 793, 1974.
126. Development of a Gas Laser System to Measure Trace Gases by Long Path
Absorption Techniques. W. A. McClenny, R. E. Baumgardner, Jr.,
F. W. Baity, Jr., R. A. Gray, R. J. Gillmeister, and L. R. Snowman.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, N. C.
Publication No. EPA-650/2-74-046-B, 1974.
127. Development of an Automated Gas Chromatographic Procedure to Measure
Atmospheric Concentration of Carbon Monoxide and Methane. R. K. Stevens,
A. E. O'Keeffe, and G. C. Ortman. In: Proceedings of 8th Annual
Indiana Air Pollution Control Conference, Lafayette, Indiana, 1969.
p. 14-69.
128. Development of an Improved Smoke Inspection Guide. A. H. Rose,
J. S. Nader, and P. A. Drinker. J. Air Poll. Contr. Assoc.,
8:112-116, 1958.
129. Development of Performance Specifications for Continuous Monitors of
Stationary Source Emissions. J. B. Homolya. U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, N. C. EPA, Research
Document RD 688. 1973.
91
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130. Development of a Smoke Guide for the Evaluation of White Plumes.
W. D. Conner, C. F. Smith, and J. S. Nader. J. Air Poll. Contr.
Assoc., 18(11):748-750, 1968.
131. Developments in Sampling and Analysis Instrumentation for Stationary
Sources. J. S. Nader. J. Air Poll. Contr. Assoc., 23(7):587-591, 1973.
132. Differentiation of Benzofluorenes on Thin-layer Substrates. D. F. Bender
and E. Sawicki. Chemist-Analyst, 54.: 512, 1965.
133. Diffusion Coefficient of SO2 in Air. B. R. Fish and J. L. Durham.
Environ. Letters, 2^:13, 1971.
134. Dilution Sampling System for Gaseous Pollutants. C. E. Rodes.
Tnstru. Tech., 41-44, 1973.
135. Dilution Service for Coupling Monitors to Sources. J. B. Homolya and
R. J. Griffin. Anal. Letters, 7X4):299-312, 1974.
136. Direct Application of Gas Chromatography to Atmospheric Pollutants.
T. E. Bellar, J. E. Sigsby, C. A. demons, and A. P. Altshuller.
Anal. Chem., 34^763, 1962.
137. Direct Fluorimetric Scanning of Thin-layer Chromatograms and Its
Application to Air Pollution Studies. E. Sawicki, T. ¥. Stanley,
and W. C. Elbert. J. Chromatog., 20^:348, 1965.
138. Direct Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Sub-
stituted Organic Compounds in Emissions. T. A. Bellar and J. Sigsby.
Environ. Sci. Technol., 4/. 150, 1970.
139. Direct-Reading Instruments for Analyzing Airborne Gases and Vapors.
J. S. Nader. In: Air Sampling Instruments for Evaluation of Atmos-
pheric Contaminants, 4th Ed., Air Sampling Instruments Committee
ACGIH (ed.). Cincinnati, American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists, 1972. p. U4-U13.
140. Direct Spectrophotofluorometric Analysis of Aromatic Compounds on
Thin-layer Chromatograms. E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley, and H. Johnson.
Micro chem. J.. 8^:257, 1964.
141. Direct Spectrophotofluorometric Analysis of Chromatograms and Phero-
grams. C. R. Engel. Fluorescence News, 3.: 4, 1-4, 1968.
142. Direct Spectrophotofluorimetric Analysis of Compounds on Paper and
Thin-Layer Chromatograms and Pherograms. C. R. Engel. Fluores-
cence News, 3^:1, 1968.
143. Direct Spectrophosphorimetric Analysis of Organic Compounds on Paper
and Thin-layer Chromatograms. J. D. Pfaff and E. Sawicki. Chemist-
Analyst., 54:30, 1965. *
92
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144. Dust Retention Efficiencies of Dustfall Collectors. J. S. Nader.
J. Air Poll. Contr. Assoc., 35-38, 1958.
145. Dynamic Irradiation Chamber Tests of Automotive Exhaust, II, Chemical
Effects. J. E. Sigsby, T. Bellar, and L. Leng. J. Air Poll. Contr. Assoc.,
12:522, 1962.
146. Tfce Economics of Clean Air in Perspective. F. H. Haynie. Materials
Performance, L3(4):33, 1974.
147. The Effect of Temperature on Photochemical Smog Reactions.
J. J. Bufalini and A. P. Altshuller. Int. J. Air Water Poll.,
7.: 769, 1963.
148. Effect of Hydrocarbon to Nitrogen Oxide Ratios on Irradiated Auto
Exhaust. P. W. Leach, L. J. Leng, T. A. Bellar, J. E. Sigsby, and
A. P. Altshuller. J. Air Poll. Contr. Assoc., 14:176, 1964.
149. Effects of Various Solvents and Conditions on the Recovery of
Benzo(a)pyrene, Benz(c)acridine and 7H-Benz(de)anthracen-7-one.
T. W. Stanley, J. E. Meeker, and M. J. Morgan. Environ. Sci.
Techno1., 1:927, 1967.
150. Electronic Absorption Spectra of Inorganic and Organic Compounds
of Nitrogen. I. Nitrogen Dioxide-Dinitrogen Tetroxide in Solution.
A. P. Altshuller, D. Stephens, and C. M. Schwab. J. Phys. Chem.,
62:607, 1958.
151. Electronic Absorption Spectra of Inorganic and Organic Compounds of
Nitrogen. II. Butyl and Amyl Nitrites. A. P. Altshuller, I. R. Cohen,
and C. M. Schwab. J. Phys. Chem., 62^:621, 1958.
152. Electrophoretic and Chromatographic Separation and Fluorimetric
Analysis of Polynuclear Phenols. Application to Air Pollution.
E. Sawicki, M. Guyer, R. Schumacher, W. Elbert, and C. Engel.
Mikrochim. Acta, 1025, 1968.
153. Emissions of Polynuclear Hydrocarbons from Automobiles and Trucks.
R. P. Hangebrauck, R. P. Lauch, and J. E. Meeker. Amer. Ind. Hyg.
Assoc. J.. 27:47, 1966.
154. An Evaluation of Techniques for the Determination of the Photochemical
Reactivity of Organic Emissions. A. P. Altshuller. J. Air Poll.
Contr. Assoc., 16:257, 1966.
155. Evaluation of Various Silica Gels in the Gas Chromatographic Analysis
of Light Hydrocarbons. T. A. Bellar and J. E. Sigsby. Environ. Sci.
Technol.. 1:242, 1967. ~
156. Extraction of Organics from Airborne Particulates. J. E. Meeker,
TI W. Stanley, and M. J. Morgan. Environ. Sci. Technol.. _1:927, 1967.
93
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157. field Evaluation of the High-Volume Particle Fractionating Cascade
Impactor - A Technique for Respirable Sampling. R. Burton, J. Howard,
R. Penley, P. Ramsay, and T. A. Clark. J. Air Pollution Contr. Assoc.,
23:277-281, 1973.
158. Field Evaluation of an Improved Smoke Inspection Guide. A. H. Rose
and J. S. Nader. J. Air Poll. Contr. Assoc., 8^:117-119, 1958.
159. Field Performance Characteristics of Advanced Monitors for Oxides
of Nitrogen, Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide, Carbon Monoxide, Methane, and
Nonmethane Hydrocarbons. R. K. Stevens, T. A. Clark, C. E. Decker,
and L. F. Ballard. In: Proceedings of the 65th Annual Air Pollution
Control Association Meeting, Miami, Florida, Paper No. 72-13, 1972.
150. Five New Methods for the Spectrophotometry Determination of Alkylating
Agents Including Some Extremely Sensitive Autocatalytic Methods.
Application to Air Pollution. E. Sawicki, D. F. Bender, T. R. Hauser,
R. M. Wilson, and J. Meeker. Anal. Chem., 35:1479, 1963.
161. Flame Chemiluminescence Detection of Nitrogen Compounds. K. J. Krost,
J. A. Hodgeson, and R. K. Stevens. Anal. Chem., 45^1800, 1973.
162. Fluorescence Analysis in Air Pollution Research. E. Sawicki.
Talanta, 16^:1231, 1969.
163. The Fluorescence-Quenching Effect in Thin-layer Chromatography of
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Their Aza Analogs. E. Sawicki,
W. C. Elbert, and T. W. Stanley. J. Chromatog., 1J:120, 1965.
164. Fluorescence Spot Tests for Glyoxal, Pyruvaldehyde, Salicylaldehyde
and Some Other Aromatic Aldehydes. E. Sawicki and T. W. Stanley.
Chemist-Analyst, 49^:107, 1960.
165. Fluorescent Detection and Spectrophotofluorometric Characterization
and Estimation of Carbazoles and Polynuclear Carbazoles Separated
by Thin-layer Chromatography. D. F. Bender, E. Sawicki, and
R. M. Wilson. Anal. Chem., 36:1011, 1964.
166. Fluorimetric Assay for a-Glycolic Compounds and Other Aldehyde
Precursors. E. Sawicki and R. A. Carnes. Mikrochim. Acta. 602
1968.
167. Fluorimetric and Colorimetric Methods of Analysis for Histamine.
E. Sawicki, C. R. Sawicki, and C. Golden. Microchem. J.. 15:25, 1970.
168. Fluorimetric Determination of Glycine and Other Amino Acids with
2,4-Pentanedione. E. Sawicki and R. A. Carnes. Anal. Chim. Acta
41:178, 1968. *
169. Fluorimetric Determination of Nitrate. C. R. Sawicki. Anal. Letters
4:761, 1971. '
170. Fluorimetric Estimation of Acridine in Airborne and Other Particu-
lates. E. Sawicki and -C. R. Engel. Mikrochim. Acta, 91, 1969.
94
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171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181.
182.
183.
184,
Fluorimetric Estimation of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons in Airborne
Particulates. E. Wittgenstein and E. Sawicki. Int. J. Environ. Anal.
Chem., 2_:11, 1972.
Fluorimetric and Photometric Methods for the Determination of
Succinaldehyde. E. Sawicki and J. D. Pfaff. Chemist-Analyst,
55:6, 1966.
Formation of Photochemical Aerosols. H. J. P. Stevenson,
D. E. Sanderson, and A. P. Altshuller. Int. J. Air Water Poll.,
2:367, 1965.
Freeze-Drying in the Recovery of Organic Material from Extracts
of Air Particulate Matter. E. Wittgenstein and E. Sawicki.
Atmospheric Environ., 5^:801, 1971.
Further Development of Generalized Kinetic Mechanism for Photo-
Chemical Smog. T. A. Hecht, J. H. Seinfeld, and M. C. Dodge.
Environ. Sci. Techno 1., 8^:327, 1974.
Further Observations on the Ferrous Ammonium Thiocyanate Reagent
for Ozone. J. J. Bufalini and I. R. Cohen. Environ. Sci. Technol.,
1:1014, 1967.
Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Aromatic Hydrocarbons at Atmospheric
Concentrations Using Flame Ionization Detection. A. P. Altshuller
and C. A. demons. Anal. Chem., 34^466, 1962.
Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Hydrocarbons in the Los Angeles
Atmosphere. A. P. Altshuller and T. A. Bellar. J. Air Poll. Contr.
Assoc., 13:81, 1963.
Gas Chromatography in Air Pollution Studies. A. P. Altshuller.
J. Gas Chromatog., 1_:6, 1963.
Gas Chromatography of Reactive Sulfur Gases in Air at the Parts-
per-Billion Level. R. K. Stevens, J. D. Mulik, A. E. O'Keeffe,
and K. J. Krost. Anal. Chem., 43:827, 1971.
Gas Phase Reactions of Nitrogen Oxides with Olefins. A. P. Altshuller
and I. R. Cohen. Int. J. Air Water Poll., j4:55, 1961.
Gas Phase Titration of Atmospheric Ozone. J. J. Bufalini. Environ.
Sci. Technol.. 2:703, 1968.
Gasoline Composition Restrictions as a Means of Automotive Emissions
Control. A. H. Ellison. In: 50 Technical-Papers Proceedings of
the 15th Annual Convention of the Natural Gas Processors Association.
Houston, Texas, 1971. p. 135.
Halogenated Compounds as Gaseous Meteorological Tracers. B. E. Saltzman,
A. I. Coleman, and C. A. Clemons. Anal. Chem., 38:753, 1966.
f
95
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185,
186,
187,
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
96
Hydrocarbon Composition of the Atmosphere of the Los Angeles
ftasin - 1967. A. P. Altshuller, W. A. Lonneman, F. D. Sutterfield,
and S. L. Kopczynski. Environ. Sci. Techno1., 5^1009, 1971.
Hydrocarbon Composition of Urban Air Pollution. W. A. Lonneman, S. L.
Kopczynski, P. E. Darley, and F. D. Sutterfield. Environ. Sci. Technol..
§:229, 1974. ~
Hydrogen Peroxide Formation from Formaldehyde Photooxidation and
Its Presence in Urban Atmospheres. J. J. Bufalini, B. W. Gay,
and K. L. Brubaker. Environ. Sci. Technol., (5:816, 1972.
Hydrogen Peroxide in the Urban Atmosphere. B. W. Gay and J. J. Bufalini.
Environ. Letters, _3:31, 1972.
Hygroscopic Effects on Weight Determinations of Particulates Col-
lected on Glass-Fiber Filters. G. Turney and W. Conner. Amer.
Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 28^:363, 1967.
Identification and Determination of Unusual Functional Groups.
E. Sawicki. Pure and Appl. Chem.y 10:101, 1965.
Identification and Sources of Denver Aerosol. Ronald G. Draftz and
J. L. Durham. In: Proceedings of the 67.th Annual Meeting of the Air
Poll. Contr. Assoc., Denver, Colorado, June 1974. Publication 74-263.
Identification of Aliphatic Amines in the Air and Their Benzamides
by Paper Chromatography. J. P. Lodge, Jr. and E. D. Barber. Anal. Chim.
Acta, 24:235, 1961.
Identification of Aromatic Compounds as Simple Azines by Paper and
Thin-Layer Chromatography. E. D. Barber. J. Chromatog., 27:398,
1
An Inertial-Type Particle Separator for Collecting Large Samples
W. D. Conner. J. Air Poll. Contr. Assoc.. 16:35, 1966.
Influence of Some Atmospheric Variables on the Concentration and
Particle Size Distribution of Sulfate in Urban Air. J. Wagman
R. E. Lee, Jr., and C. J. Axt. Atmospheric Environ., 1:479 1967
Infrared Spectral Detection of Carboxylic Acids and Aldehydes in
Airborne Particulates. E. Sawicki and T. R. Hauser. Anal Chem
31:523, 1959. ¦ ' otie?^»
Infrared Spectroscopy and Infrared Lasers in Air Pollution Research
and Monitoring. P. L. Hanst. Appl. Spectrosc.. 24:161, 1970.
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198. Instrumental Principles. J. S. Nader. In: Air Sampling Instruments
for Evaluation of Atmospheric Contaminants, 4th Ed., Air Sampling
Instruments Committee ACGIH (ed.). Cincinnati, American
Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, 1972. p. J1-J6.
199. Instrumentation for Monitoring Air Pollutants. A. P. Altshuller.
Analysis Instrumentation, j6:3, 1969.
200. Instruments for Measurement of Nitrogen Dioxide. R. K. Stevens,
T. Clark, R. Baumgardner, and J. A. Hodgeson. Instrumentation for
Monitoring Air Quality, ASTM STP 555, American Society for Testing
and Materials, 1974. p. 44-51.
201. Interaction of Airborne Particles with Gases. B. M. Smith, J. Wagman,
and B. R. Fish. Environ. Sci. Technol., 3^:558, 1969.
202. The Interaction of Ozone with Various Plastic and Metallic Materials
in a Dynamic Flow System. A. P. Altshuller and A. F. Wartburg.
Int. J. Air Water Poll., 4^:70, 1961.
203. Kinetics of Vapor-Phase Hydrocarbon-Ozone Reactions. J. J. Bufalini
and A. P. Altshuller. Canadian J. Chem., 43:2243, 1965.
204. Laboratory Experiences in Analysis of Nitric Oxide with Dichromate
Paper. S. L. Kopczynski and D. Wilson. J. Air Poll. Contr. Assoc.,
18:160, 1968.
205. Light Scatter Instrumentation for Measurement of Atmospheric Par-
ticulates. J. S. Nader, G. C. Ortman, and M. T. Massey. Amer. Ind.
Hyg. Assoc. J., 22^42-48, 1961.
206. Location and Analysis of 2-Deoxy Sugars on Chromatograms and
Pherograms by Fluorescence. E. Sawicki, C. R. Engel, and K. Gerlach.
Talanta, 15:803-809, 1968.
207. Location Method for Amino Acids and Some Amines on Chromatograms
and Electropherograms. E. Sawicki and M. Guyer. Anal. Chim. Acta,
49:182, 1970.
208. A Mass Loading and Radioactivity Analyzer for Atmospheric Parti-
culates. J. S. Nader and D. R. Allen. Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.,
21:300-307, 1960.
209. The MBTH Oxidative Determination of Olefinic Compounds. E. Sawicki,
C. R. Engel, and M. Guyer. Anal. Chim. Acta, 39^:505, 1967.
210. Measurement and Collaborative Testing for Implementation of Air Quality.
A. P. Altshuller. In: Pollution: Engineering and Scientific Solutions.
Barrekette, E. S. (ed.). New York, Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1973.
p. 398-414.
97
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211. Measurements for Atmospheric Oxides of Nitrogen and Ammonia by
Chemiluminescence. J. A. Hodgeson, K. A. Rehme, B. E. Martin,
and R. K. Stevens. In: Proceedings of the 65th Annual Air
Pollution Control Association Meeting, Miami, Florida, Paper
No. 72-12, 1972.
212. Mechanism of Peroxyacetyl Nitrate Formation. P. L. Hanst.
J. Air Poll. Contr. Assoc., 21j269, 1971.
213. Methane Composition of Urban Atmospheres. A. P. Altshuller,
T. A. Bellar, C. A. demons, and E. Vander Zanden. Int. J.
Air Water Poll., 8^:29, 1964.
214. Methodology for Comparison of Open-Path Monitors. W. A. McClenny,
R. E. Baumgardner, Jr., F. W. Baity, Jr., and R. A. Gray. J. Air
Poll. Contr. Assoc., 24, 1974.
215. Modeling of Photochemical Smog. M. C. Dodge. Science, 179:1259, 1973.
216. Modern Aspects of Air Pollution Monitoring. R. K. Stevens and
A. E. O'Keeffe. Anal. Chem., 42:143A, 1970.
217. Modern Methods for Monitoring Atmospheric Sulfur Dioxide.
A. E. O'Keeffe. In: Proceedings 8th Annual Air Pollution Con-
trol Conference, West Lafayette, Indiana, 1969. Paper No. 12.
218. Monitoring Methane in the Atmosphere with a Flame Ionization
Detector. G. C. Ortman. Anal. Chem., 38:694, 1966.
219. More Instrumentation to Monitor More Pollutants More Accurately
with Less Attention. G. C. Ortman and J. W. Scales. J. Air
Poll. Contr. Assoc., 478, 1968.
220. Natural Sources of Gaseous Pollutants in the Atmosphere.
A. P. Altshuller. Tellus, 10:479, 1958.
221. Needs for New Instrumentation for Monitoring the Atmosphere
for Organic Gases and Vapors. A. P. Altshuller. In: Proceedings
Instrument Society of America, 8th National Analysis Instrumen-
tation Symposium, Charleston, West Virginia, 1962. p. 239-24J
222.
Needs in Electronic Instrumentation for Air pnlinn * n
A. E. O'Keeffe. IEEE Transacting n ? Anf"sis-
GE-8(3):145. 1970! beoacieace Electronics,
223. New Colorimetric and Fluorimetric Methods for the Determination
of 1,4-Cyclohexanedione. E. Sawicki and H. Johnson Anal rh-tm
Acta, 34:381, 1966. ¦
224. New Colour Tests for the Larger Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
E. Sawicki and R. Barry. Talanta, _2:128, 1959.
98
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225. The New Look in Air Pollution Instrumentation. A. E. O'Keeffe. In:
Proceedings of the 16th National Symposium Analysis Instrumentation
Division, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 1970.
226. A New Manual Method for Nitrogen Oxides Emission Measurement.
L. A. Dee, H. H. Mortens, C. I, Merrill, J. T. Nakamura, and
F. C. Jaye. Anal. Chem., 45:1477, 1973.
227. New Methods for the Photometric Determination of Primary Amines.
E. Sawicki and H. Johnson. Chemist-Analyst, 55_:101, 1966.
228. New Methods for the Spot-Test Detection and Spectrophotometry
Determination of Formic Acid, E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley, J. Pfaff,
and J. Ferguson. Anal. Chem., 62: 1962.
229. A New Spectrophotometry Method for the Determination of Acrolein
in Combustion Gases and in the Atmosphere, I. R. Cohen and
A. P. Altshuller. Anal~ Chem., 33:726, 1961.
230. Nitric Acid and the Nitrogen Balance of Irradiated Hydrocarbons in
the Presence of Oxides of Nitrogen. B. W. Gay, Jr. and J. J. Bufalini.
Environ. Sci. Techno1., _5:422, 1971.
231. Nitrogen Formation from the Photooxidation of Ethylene in the Pre-
sence of Oxides of Nitrogen. J. J. Bufalini and T. C. Purcell.
Science, 150;1161, 1965.
232. Nitrogen-Oxygen Compounds in Atmospheric Photochemistry. P. L. Hanst
and J. J. Bufalini. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Air
Pollution Meteorology of the American Meteorological Society,
Raleigh, North Carolina, April 5-9, 1971. p. 75-79.
233. Non-Methane Hydrocarbon Air Quality Measurements. A. P. Altshuller,
W. A. Lonneman and S. L. Kopczynski. J. Air Poll. Contr. Assoc.,
23:597, 1973.
234. An Odor Evaluation Apparatus for Field and Laboratory Use.
J. S. Nader. Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 19^:1-7, 1958.
235. The Old, the New and the Future in Air Pollution Instruments.
A. E. O'Keeffe. Clean Air, 7/3): 1973.
236. Optical Properties and Visual Effects of Smoke Stack Plume.
W. D. Conner and J. R. Hodkinson. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,
National Environmental Research Center. Research Triangle Park, North
Carolina. Office of Air Programs Publication No. AP-30. 1967.
P. 1-89.
237. Organic Acids in a Selected Dialysate of Air Particulate Matter.
E. D. Barber, F. T. Fox, J. P. Lodge, Jr., and L. M. Marshall.
J. Chromatofl.. 2^:615, 1959.
99
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238. Organic Spectrophotometry Analysis - A Review. E. Sawicki.
Record of Chem. Progress, 22:249, 1961.
239. Oxidation of n-Butane by the Photolysis of NO2. J. J. Bufalini,
B. W. Gay, and S. L. Kopczynski. Environ. Sci. Technol., 5^:333,
1971.
240. Oxidation of Nitric Oxide in the Presence of Ultraviolet Light and
Hydrocarbons. A. P. Altshuller and J. J. Bufalini. Environ. Sci.
Technol., 3^469, 1969.
241. Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide in Polluted Atmospheres - A Review.
M. Bufalini. Environ. Sci. Technol., _5:685, 1971.
242. Paper and Thin-Layer Electrophoretic Separations of Polynuclear
Aza Heterocyclic Compounds. E. Sawicki, M. Guyer, and C. R. Engel.
J. Chromatog., 30:522, 1967.
243. Paper Chromatographic Identification of Carbonyl Compounds as Their
2, 4-Dinitrophenylhydrazones in Automobile Exhaust. E. D. Barber
and J. P. Lodge, Jr. Anal. Chem., 15:348, 1963.
244. Particle-Size Distribution of Metal Components in Urban Air.
R. E. Lee, Jr., R. K. Patterson, and J. Wagman. Environ. Sci.
Technol., 2^:288, 1968.
245. Performance Specifications for Stationary-Source Monitoring Systems
for Gases and Visible Emissions. J. S. Nader, F. Jaye, and W. D. Conner.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, N.C.
Publication No. 650/2-74-013. 1974.
246. Permeation of Sulfur Dioxide through Polymeric Stack Sampling
Interfaces. C. E. Rodes, R. M. Felder, and J. K. Ferrel.
Environ. Sci. Technol., _7(6) : 545-549, 1973.
247. Photochemical Aspects of Air Pollution. A. P. Altshuller and
J. J. Bufalini. In: Air and Water Pollution. Britton, W. E.
West, R., and Williams, R. (eds.). Boulder, Colorado, Associated
University Press, 1972.
248. Photochemical Aspects of Air Pollution - A Review. A. P. Altshuller
and J. J. Bufalini. Environ. Sci. Technol.. 4^:97, 1965
249. Photochemical Aspects of Air Pollution - A Review. A. P. Altshuller
and J. J. Bufalini. Environ. Sci. Technol., 5:39, 1971.
250. Photochemical Oxidants. B. Dimitriades. Revista del Ciaa XXIV(L\•
45-53, 1973. ' v
251. Photochemical Reactions of Hydrocarbons with Sulfur Dioxide
S. L. Kopczynski and A. P. Altshuller. Int. J. Air Water Poll
6:133, 1962.
100
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252. Photochemical Reactivities of Aromatic Hydrocarbon - Nitrogen
Oxide and Related Systems. A. P. Altshuller, S. L. Kopczynski,
W. A. Lonneman, F. D. Sutterfield, and D. L. Wilson. Environ.
Sci. Technol., 4^44, 1970.
253. Photochemical Reactivities of Exhausts from 1966 Model Automobiles
Equipped to Reduce Hydrocarbon Emissions. A. P. Altshuller,
S. L. Kopczynski, W. A. Lonneman, and D. L. Wilson. J. Air Poll.
Contr. Assoc., r7:ll, 1967.
254. Photochemical Reactivities of n-Butane and Other Paraffinic
Hydrocarbons. A. P. Altshuller, S. L. Kopczynski, D. L. Wilson,
W. A. Lonneman, and F. D. Sutterfield. J. Air Poll. Contr. Assoc.,
19:10, 1969.
255. Photochemical Reactivities of Paraffinic Hydrocarbon-Nitrogen
Oxide Mixtures upon Addition of Propylene or Toluene. A. P. Altshuller,
S. L. Kopczynski, D. Wilson, W. A. Lonneman, and F. D. Sutterfield.
J. Air Poll. Contr. Assoc., 19:10, 1969.
256. Photochemical Reactivity of Benzaldehyde-NOx Mixtures. R. L. Kuntz,
S. L. Kopczynski, and J. J. Bufalini. Environ. Sci. Technol., 7^:1119,
1973.
257. Photochemistry of Atmospheric Samples in Los Angeles. S. L. Kopczynski,
W. A. Lonneman, F. D. Sutterfield, and P. E. Darley. Environ. Sci.
Technol.. ,2:132, 1968.
258. Photochemistry of Atmospheric Samples in New York. J. J. Bufalini
and W. A. Lonneman. Environ. Letters, 4_:95, 1973.
259. Photodynamic Assay of Neutral Subfractions of Organic Extracts of
Particulate Atmospheric Pollutants. S. S. Epstein, N. Mantel, and
T. W. Stanley. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2^:132, 1968.
260. Photodynamic Bioassay of Polycyclic Air Pollutants. S. S. Epstein,
M. Small, J. Koplan, N. Mantel, H. Falk, and E. Sawicki. Arch. Env.
Health, 7.:531, 1963. ~~
261
Photodynamic Bioassay of Polycyclic Atmospheric Pollutants.
S. S. Epstein, M. Small, E. Sawicki, and H. L. Falk. J. Air Poll.
Contr. Assoc.. 15, 174, 1965.
262. Photofragment Detection of NO2. W. A. McClenny, J. A. Hodgeson, and
J. P. Bell. Anal. Chem., 45:1514, 1973.
263. Photooxidation of Acrolein and Acrolein-Nitrogen Dioxide Mixtures.
A. P. Altshuller and I. R. Cohen. Int. J. Air Water Poll.
1:1043, 1963. "
103
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264. Photooxidation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. A. P. Altshuller,
I. R. Cohen, S. F. Sleva, and S. L. Kopczynski. Science, 138:442,
1962.
265. The Photooxidation of Formaldehyde at Low Partial Pressures.
J. J. Bufalini and K. L. Brubaker. In: Chemical Reactions in
Urban Atmospheres, Tuesday, C. S. (ed.). New York, American
Elsevier Publ. Co., Inc., 1971. p. 237-238.
266. Photooxidation of Hydrocarbons in the Presence of Aliphatic
Aldehydes. A. P. Altshuller, I. R. Cohen, and T. C. Purcell.
Science, 156:937, 1967.
267. Photooxidation of Hydrocarbons in the Presence of Aliphatic
Ketones. T. C. Purcell and I. R. Cohen. Atmospheric Environ.,
1:689, 1967.
268. Photooxidation of Propionaldehyde at Low Partial Pressures of
Aldehyde. A. P. Altshuller, I. R. Cohen, and T. C. Purcell.
Canadian J. Chem., 44:2973, 1966.
269. Photooxidation of Propylene with Nitrogen Oxide in the Presence
of Sulfur Dioxide. A. P. Altshuller, S. L. Kopczynski,
W. A. Lonneman, T. L. Becker, and D. L. Wilson. Environ. Sci.
Technol., 2^:696, 1968.
270. Pilot Study of Ultraviolet Radiation in Los Angeles. Nader, J. S.,
(ed.). Public Health Service, U. S. Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare. Cincinnati, Ohio. Publication No. 999-AP-38, 1967.
p. 1-99.
271. Pilot Study of Ultraviolet Radiation in Los Angeles. J. S. Nader.
In: Biologic Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation (with) Emphasis
on the Skin, Vol. I, Urbach, F. (ed.). London, Pergamon Press,
1969. p. 417-431.
272. Plant Damage Caused by Irradiation of Aldehydes. I. J. Hindawi
and A. P. Altshuller. Science, 146:540, 1964.
273. Plastic Containers for Sampling and Storage of Atmospheric
Hydrocarbons Prior to Gas Chromatographic Analysis.
C. A. Clemons and A. P. Altshuller. J. Air Poll. Contr.
Assoc., 14^:176, 1964.
274. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Composition of Air Polluted
by Coal-tar Pitch Fumes. E. Sawicki, F. T. Fox, W. C. Elbert,
T. R. Hauser, and J. E. Meeker. Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 23:482,
1962.
275. Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon Composition of the Atmosphere in
Some Large American Cities. E. Sawicki, T. R. Hauser, W. C. Elbert,
F. T. Fox, and J. E. Meeker. Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J., 2^:137, 1962.
102
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276. Polynuclear Aza Compounds in Automotive Exhaust. E. Sawicki,
J. E. Meeker, and M. J. Morgan. Arch. Env. Health, 11^:773, 1965.
277. Potential for Application of Earth-Oriented Satellites to
Air Pollution. A. P. Altshuller and R. A. McCormick.
In: Space Technology and Earth Problems, Science and
Technology Series, Vol. 23. Tarzana, California, American
Astronautical Society, 1970. p. 69-74.
278. Precision Picogram Dispenser for Volatile Substances.
A. E. O'Keeffe. Anal. Chem., _39:1047, 1967.
279. Preparation of Known Concentrations of Gases and Vapors with
Permeation Devices Calibrated Gravimetrically. F. P. Scaringelli,
A. E. O'Keeffe, E. Rosenberg, and J. P. Bell. Anal. Chem., 42;
871, 1970.
280. Pressure Broadening Effects on Infrared Peak Intensities of
Hydrocarbons. A. P. Altshuller and A. F. Wartburg. Appl.
Spectrosc., 1_5:67, 1961.
281. Primary Standards for Trace Gas Analysis. A. E. O'Keeffe and
G. C. Ortman. Anal. Chem., 38:760, 1966.
282. Problems and Developments in Monitoring Air Pollution Sources,
J. S. Nader. In: Instrumentation for Air Pollution Control,
Transactions of a Symposium, Stern, J. A. (ed.). Hartford,
Connecticut, Connecticut Valley Section Instrument Society of
America, 1968. p. 31-41.
283. Products and Biological Effects from Irradiation of Nitrogen
Oxides with Hydrocarbons or Aldehydes under Dynamic Conditions.
A. P. Altshuller, D. L. Klosterman, P. W. Leach, I. J. Hindawi,
and J. E. Sigsby, Jr. Int. J. Air Water Poll., 10:81, 1966.
284. Progress in Instrumentation and Techniques for Measurement of Air
Pollutants. A. H. Ellison. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Research Triangle Park, N. C, Publication No. EPA-650/2-74-015,
1974.
285. A Proportional Sampler and Airflow Integrator for Auto Exhaust
Studies. W. L. Coffey and J. S. Nader. ISA Conference Pre-Print
No. 2, 1964, p. 1-64.
286. The Quantitative Composition of Air Pollution Source Effluents
in Terms of Aza Heterocyclic Compounds and Polynuclear Aromatic
Hydrocarbons. E. Sawicki, J. E. Meeker, and M. J. Morgan.
Int. J. Air Water Poll., 9.: 291, 1965.
287. Quantitative Composition of the Urban Atmosphere in Terms of
Polynuclear Aza Heterocyclic Compounds and Aliphatic and
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons. E. Sawicki, S. P. McPherson,
t. W. Stanley, J. E. Meeker, and W. C. Elbert. Int. J. Air Water
Poll.. 9:515, 1965.
103
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288. Quenchofluorometric Analysis for Fluoranthenic Hydrocarbons in
the Presence of Other Types of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. E. Sawicki,
T. W. Stanley, and W. C. Elbert. Talanta, 11:1433, 1964.
289. Quenchofluorometric Analysis for Polynuclear Compounds.
E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley, and H. Johnson. Mikrochim. Acta,
1965:178, 1965.
290. Quenchophosphorimetric Analysis for Conjugated Compounds.
E. Sawicki and J. D. Pfaff. Mikrochim. Acta, 1966:322, 1966.
291. Radiochemical Analysis of SO2 Adsorbed on PbC>2. J. L. Durham,
J. Wagman, B. R. Fish, and F. G. Seeley. Anal. Letters, 5:469.
1972.
292. Rapid Estimation of 7H-Benz(de)anthracen-7-one and Phenalen-l-one
in Organic Extracts of Airborne Particulates from 3-Hour Sequential
Air Samples. T. W. Stanley, M. J. Morgan, and J. E. Meeker.
Environ. Sci. Techno 1., 3^:1198, 1969.
293. Rapid ITLC Fluorimetric Methods for the Assay of Phenalen-l-one
and 7H-Benz(de)anthracen-7-one in Polluted Urban Atmospheres.
C. R. Engel and E. Sawicki. J. Chromatog., 37:508, 1968.
294. Rate Constant Measurements Needed to Improve a General Kinetic
Mechanism for Photochemical Smog. M. C. Dodge and T. A. Hecht. In:
Abstract of papers presented at Symposium on Chemical Kinetics Data
for the Lower and Upper Atmosphere, Warrenton, Virginia, September 1974
p. 47-52.
295. Katio of "Sulfur Dioxide of Total Gaseous Sulfur Compounds and
Ozone to Total Oxidants in the Los Angeles Atmosphere - An
Instrument Evaluation Study. R. K. Stevens, J. A. Hodgeson,
L. F. Ballard, and C. E. Decker. In: Determination of Air
Quality, Mamantor, G. and Shultz, W. (eds.). New York,
Plenum Publishing Corporation, 1972. p. 83-108.
296. Reactivity of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Irradiated Automobile
Exhaust. A. P. Altshuller and P. W. Leach. Int. J. Air
Water Poll., <8:37, 1964.
297. Reactivity of Organic Substances in Atmospheric Photooxidation
Reactions. A. P. Altshuller. Public Health Service, U. S.
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Cincinnati, Ohio.
Publication No. 999-AP-14. 1965. p. 713-733.
298. Reactivity of Organic Substances in Atmospheric Photooxidation
Reactions. A. P. Altshuller. Int. J. Air Water Poll., 10:713,
1966. (Revision of PHS Publication 999-AP-14, 1965.)
104
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299. Reactivity of Oxidizing Agents with Potassium Iodide Reagent.
A. P. Altshuller, C. M. Schwab, and M. Bare. Anal. Chem., 31;
1987, 1959.
300. Recent Developments in Techniques for Monitoring Airborne Particulate
Emissions from Sources. J. Wagman. In "Recent Advances in Air
Pollution Control," AIChE Symposium Series No. 137, 7(3:277, 1974.
301. Remote Measurement of Smoke Plume Transmittance Using Lidar.
C. S. Cook, G. W, Bethke, and W. D. Conner. Appl. Optics, 11(8):
1742, 1972.
302. Remote Sensing of SO2 in Power Plant Plumes Using Ultraviolet Absorp-
tion Spectroscopy and Infrared Emission Spectroscopy. H. M. Barnes, Jr,
W. F. Herget, and R. Rollins. In: Anal. Methods Applied to Air
Poll. Meas. Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor Science Publ., Inc., 1974.
303. Removal of Hydrocarbon Exhaust Interferences in Ethylene-Ozone
Chemiluminescent Instruments. W. A. Lonneman. Environ. Letters,
4:117, 1973.
304. Responses of Electron-Capture Detector to Halogenated Substances.
C. A. demons and A. P. Altshuller. Anal. Chem., 38^:133, 1966.
305. Review of Analytical Methods for Atmospheric Oxidants Measurements.
J. A, Hodgeson. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 2^:95, 1972.
306. Review of Analytical Methods for Measurement of Sulfur Compounds in
the Atmosphere. R. K. Stevens. In: Proceedings of 11th Conference
on Methods in Air Pollution and Industrial Hygiene Studies, California
State Department Public Health, Berkeley, California, 1970.
307. A Review of Available Techniques for Coupling Continuous Gaseous Pollutant
Monitors to Emission Sources. J. B. Homolya. In: Anal. Methods Applied
to Air Poll. Meas., Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor Science Publ., Inc., 1974.
308. A Review of Experimental Measurement Methods Based on Gas-Phase
Chemi luminescence. A. Fontijn, D. Golomb, and J. A. Hodgeson. In:
Chemiluminescence and Bioluminescence, Cormier, Hercules, and Lee
(eds.). New York, Plenum Press, 1973. p. 393-426.
309. Revision de los metodos para la determinacion de nitritos y de
precursores de nitritos especialmente de los metodos espectrofoto-
metricos. [Review of Method for the Determination of Nitrites and
Their Precursors with Emphasis on Spectrophotometric Methods.]
E. Sawicki, J. Pfaff, and T. W. Stanley. Revisiones, J>!l, 337, 1963.
310. xhe Role of Carbon Monoxide in Polluted Atmospheres. M. C. Dodge
and J. J. Bufalini. Adv. in Chem. Series, 113:232, 1972.
105
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312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319,
320,
321.
322.
323.
A Sampling Anomaly in the Determination of Atmospheric Sulfate
Concentration. R. E. Lee, Jr. and J. Wagman. Amer Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.,
27:266, 1966.
Sampling Gases from a Hostile Environment. A. E. O'Keeffe. Anal.
Chem., 44:1102, 1972.
Sensitive New Methods for Autocatalytic Spectrophotometric
Determination of Nitrite through Free-Radical Chromogens.
E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley, J. Pfaff, and H. Johnson.
Anal. Chem., 35^:2183, 1963.
Sensitive New Test for Aliphatic, Aromatic, and Heterocyclic
Aldehydes. E. Sawicki and T. W. Stanley. Mikrochim. Acta,
1960:510, 1960.
The Separation and Analysis of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Present in the Human Environment. E. Sawicki. Chemist-Analyst,
53:24, 28, 56, 88, 1964.
Separation and Characterization of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydro-
carbons in Urban Airborne Particulates. E. Sawicki, W. C. Elbert,
T. W. Stanley, T. R. Hauser, and F. T. Fox. Anal. Chem.. 32:810.
1960. ~
Separation and Identification of Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds as
Their 4-Nitrophenylhydrazones by Paper and Thin-Layer Chromatography.
E. Barber and E. Sawicki. Anal. Chem., 40:984, 1968.
Separation and Identification of Phenols in Automobile Exhaust
by Paper and Gas Liquid Chromatography. E. D. Barber, E. Sawicki,
and S. P. McPherson. Anal. Chem., 36^2442, 1964.
Simple Spot Test for Pyrene and Its Derivatives. E. Sawicki and
T. W. Stanley. Chemist-Analyst, 49:77, 1960.
Size Analysis of Acid Aerosols by A Metal Film Technique.
S. W. Horstman, Jr. and J. Wagman. Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J.
28:523, 1967. ~
Size Determination of Atmospheric Phosphate, Nitrate, Chloride,
and Ammonium Particulate in Several Urban Areas. R. E. Lee, Jr.
and R. K. Patterson. Atmospheric Environ., _3:249, 1969.
Size Distribution of Sulfate Aerosols in the Ambient Air.
J. F. Roesler, H. J. P. Stevenson, and J. S. Nader. J. Air
Poll. Contr. Assoc., _L5:576, 1965.
The Size of Suspended Particle Matter in Air. K. T. Whitby, R. E.
Charlson, W. E. Wilson, and R. K. Stevens. Science, 183:1098. 1974.
-------
324. Solvent Effects in Photometric Analysis. E. Sawicki,
T. Winfield, and C. R. Sawicki. Microchem. J., 15^294, 1970.
325. Some Observations on Stoichiometry of Iodometric Analyses
of Ozone at pH 7.0. S. L. Kopczynski and J. J. Bufalini.
Anal. Chem., 43^:1126, 1971.
326. Source and Atmospheric Analyses for Formaldehyde by a
Chromotropic Acid Procedure. A. P. Altshuller and L. J. Leng.
Int. J. Air Water Poll,, 6^:381, 1962.
327. Sources of Polynuclear Hydrocarbons in the Atmosphere. J. E. Meeker,
R. Hangebrauck, and D. J. Von Lehmden. Public Health Service,
U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Cincinnati, Ohio.
Publication No. 999-AP-33. 1967.
328. Spectral Characterization of Nitroarenes and Polycyclic Aldehydes,
Ketones, Quinones, and Amines. H. Johnson and E. Sawicki. Talanta,
13:1361, 1966.
329. Spectrophotofluorometric Analysis of Nonfluorescent Compounds on Paper
and Thin-layer Chromatograms. T. W. Stanley and E. Sawicki. Anal.
Chem., 37:938, 1965.
330. Spectrophotofluorimetric Determination of Aldehydes with Dimedone
and Other Reagents. E. Sawicki and R. A. Carnes. Mikrochim. Acta,
148, 1968.
331. Spectrophotofluorimetric Determination of Formaldehyde and Acrolein
with J-Acid. Comparison with Other Methods. E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley,
and J. Pfaff. Anal. Chim. Acta, 28:156, 1963.
332. Spectrophotofluorimetric Determination of 3-Carbon Fragments and Their
Precursors with Anthrone. Application to Air Pollution. E. Sawicki,
R. A. Carnes, and R. Schumacher. Mikrochim. Acta, 929, 1967.
333. Spectrophotometric Analysis of Aldehydes in the Los Angeles Atmosphere.
A. P. Altshuller and S. P. McPherson. J. Air Poll. Contr. Assoc.,
13:109, 1963.
334. Spectrophotometric Determination of Alkylating Agents with 4-Picoline
and _o-Dinitrobenzene. D. F. Bender, E. Sawicki, and R. M. Wilson.
Analyst, 90:630, 1965.
335. Spectrophotometric Determination of Azulene with Electrophilic Reagents.
E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley, and W. C. Elbert. Microchem. Techniques.
Interscience Publishers, New York, 1962. p. 633-642.
336. Spectrophotometric Determination of Crotonaldehyde. A. P. Altshuller
and I. R. Cohen. Anal. Chem., 33:1180, 1961.
107
-------
337. Spectrophotometric Determination of Formaldehyde and Formaldehyde-
Releasing Compounds with Chromotropic Acid, 6-Amino-l-Naphthol-3-
Sulfonic Acid (J-Acid), and 6-Anilino-l-Naphthol-3-Sulfonic Acid
(Phenyl J-Acid). E. Sawicki, T. R. Hauser, and S. McPherson. Anal.
Chem., 34^:1460, 1962.
338. Spectrophotometric Determination of Olefins. A, P. Altshuller and
S. F. Sleva. Anal. Chem., 33k 1413, 1961.
339. Spectrophotometric Determination of Olefins in Concentrated Sulfuric
Acid. A. P. Altshuller, S. F. Sleva, and A. F. Wartburg. Anal. Chem.,
32:946, 1960.
340. Spectrophotometric Determination of Primary Nitroparaffins by Coupling
with j>-Diazo-Benzene Sulfonic Acid. I. R. Cohen and A. P. Altshuller.
Anal. Chem., 31:1638, 1959.
341. Spectrophotometric Methods for Olefins, Colorimetric Determination of
Conjugated Diolefins. A. P. Altshuller and I. R. Cohen. Anal. Chem.,
32:1843, 1960.
342. Spectroscopic and Laser Methods for Air Pollution Measurement. P. L. Hanst.
In: Proceedings of the 1st European Electro-Optics Markets and Tech-
nology Conference, London, England, 1973.
343. Spectroscopic Methods for Air Pollution Measurement. P. L. Hanst.
Adv. Environ. Sci. Technol., _2:91, 1971.
344. Spot Test Detection and Colorimetric Determination of Aliphatic Aldehydes
with 2-Hydrazinobenzothi.azole. Application to Air Pollution. E. Sawicki
an4 T. R. Hauser. Anal. Chem. , 12:1434, 1960.
345. Spot Test Detection and Colorimetric Determination of Aromatic Amines
and Imino Reteraromatic Compounds with 3-Methyl-2-Benz-Thiazolone
Hydrazone. E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley, T. R. Hauser, W. C. Elbert, and
J. Noe. Anal. Chem., 33^722, 1961.
346. Spot Test Detection and Spectrophotometric Characterization and Deter-
mination of Carbazoles, Azo Dyes, Stilbenes, and Schiff Bases. Appli-
cation of 3-Methyl-2-Benzothiazolone Hydrazone, £-Nitrosophenol, and
Fluorometric Methods to the Determination of Carbazole in Air. E. Sawicki,
T. R. Hauser, T. W. Stanley, W. C. Elbert, and F. T. Fox. Anal. Chem.,
33:1574, 1961.
347. Spot Test Detection and Spectrophotometric Determination of Azulene
Compounds with 2-Hydrazinobenzothiazole or 3-Methyl-2-Benzothiazolone
Hydrazone. E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley, and W. C. Elbert. Microchem. J .
5:225, 1961. "
108
-------
348. Spot Test Detection and Spectrophotometric Determination of Compounds
Containing the £-Hydroxystyryl Group: 3-Methyl-2-Benzothiazolinone
Hydrazone Procedure. E. Sawicki, T. R. Hauser, and S. McPherson.
Chemist-Analyst, 50:68, 1961.
349. Spot Test Detection and Spectrophotometric Determination of Microgram
Amounts of Aldehydes and Aldehyde-Yielding Compounds - A Review.
E. Sawicki. Microchem. Techniques. New York, Interscience Publishers,
1962. p. 59-106.
350. A Stable Ozone Source Applicable as a Secondary Standard for Calibration
of Atmospheric Monitors. J. A. Hodgeson, R. K. Stevens, and B. E. Martin.
ISA Transact., 11:161, 1972.
351. Status of Research and Development in Measurement Technology of Hazardous
Substances in Emissions from Stationary Sources. R. L. Bennett. Environ.
Health Perspect., 4^:96, 1973.
352. Status of Source Measurement Techniques in the United States. J. S. Nader.
In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Environmental Measure-
ments, Geneva, Switzerland, 1973.
353. Stoichiometry in the Neutral Iodometric Procedure for Ozone by Gas-
Phase Titration with Nitric Oxide. J. A. Hodgeson, R. E. Baumgardner,
B. E. Martin, and K. A. Rehme. Anal. Chem., 43:1123, 1971.
354. Storage of Vapors and Gases in Plastic Bags. A. P. Altshuller,
A. F. Wartburg, I. R. Cohen, and S. F. Sleva. Int. J. Air Water Poll.,
6:75, 1962.
355. Structural Effects on the Rate of Nitrogen Dioxide Formation in the
Photooxidation of Organic Compounds - Nitric Oxide Mixtures in Air.
A. P. Altshuller and I. R. Cohen. Int. J. Air Water Poll., J_:7S7, 1963.
356. Studies of Sulfur Compounds on Smoke Particles and Other Solids by
Photoelectron Spectroscopy. L. D. Hulett, T. A. Carlson, B. R. Fish,
and J. L. Durham. In: Determination of Air Quality. New York, Plenum
Press, 1972. p. 179-187.
^57. A Superior Thin-Layer Chromatographic Procedure for the Separation of
Aza Arenes and Its Application to Air Pollution. C. R. Engel and E. Sawicki.
J. Chromatog., 31:109, 1967.
358. Synergistic Effects in the Photooxidation of Mixed Hydrocarbons.
A. P. Altshuller and J. J. Bufalini. Environ. Sci. Technol., 1^:133, 1967.
359. a Technique for Measuring Photochemical Reactions in Atmospheric Samples.
A. P. Altshuller, S. L. Kopczytiski, W. A. Lonneman, and F. D. Sutterfield.
Environ. Sci. Technol., 4:503, 1970.
360.
Techniques in Calibrating Air Pollution Monitors. G. C. Ortman, R. K.
Stevens, and R. L. Chapman. J. Air Poll. Contr. Assoc., 18:479, 1968.
109
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361. Tentative Method for the Calibration of NO, N02> and O3 Analyzers by
Gas-Phase Titration. K. A. Rehme, B. E. Martin, and J. A. Hodgeson.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park, N. C.
Publication No. EPA-R2-73-246. 1973.
362. Tentative Method for Continuous Analysis of Methane in the Atmosphere
(Flame Ionization Method). E. Sawicki, P. R. Atkins, T. Belsky,
R. A. Friedel, D. L. Hyde, J. L. Monkman, R. A. Rasmussen, L. A. Ripperton,
J. E. Sigsby, and L. D. White. Health Lab. Sci., 11:156, 1974.
363. Tentative Method for the Continuous Analysis of Total Hydrocarbons in
the Atmosphere (Flame Ionization Method). E. Sawicki, R. C. Corey,
A. E. Dooley, J. L. Monkman, L. A. Ripperton, J. E. Sigsby, and L. D. White.
Health Lab. Sci., 8^:248, 1971.
364. Tentative Method of Analysis for Cj. through C5 Atmospheric Hydrocarbons.
E. Sawicki, R. C. Corey, A. E. Dooley, J. B. Gisclard, J. L. Monkman,
R. E. Neligan, and L. A. Ripperton. Health Lab. Sci., 1^.23, 1970.
365. Tentative Method of Analysis for Carbonate and Non-Carbonate Carbon in
Atmospheric Particulate Matter. E. Sawicki, P. R. Atkins, T. A. Belsky,
R. A. Friedel, D. L. Hyde, J. L. Monkman, R. A. Rasmussen, L. A. Ripperton,
J. E. Sigsby, and L. D. White. Health Lab. Sci., 10:119, 1973.
366. Tentative Method of Analysis for 7H-Benz(de)anthracen-7-one and Phenalen-
1-one Content of the Atmosphere. E. Sawicki, R. C. Corey, A. E. Dooley,
J. L. Monkman, L. A. Ripperton, J. E. Sigsby, and L. D. White. Health
Lab. Sci., 7^186, 1970.
367. Tentative Method of Analysis for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Content of Atmospheric Particulate Matter. E. Sawicki, R. C. Corey,
A. E. Dooley, J. B. Gisclard, J. L. Monkman, R. E. Neligan, and
L. A. Ripperton. Health Lab. Sci., 7^:31, 1970.
368. Tentative Method of Analysis for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in
Automobile Exhaust. E. Sawicki, P. R. Atkins, T. A. Belsky, R. A.
Friedel, D. L. Hyde, J. L. Monkman, R. A. Rasmussen, L. A. Ripperton,
J. E. Sigsby, and L. D. White. Health Lab. Sci., 11:228, 1974. *
369. Tentative Method of Analysis for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
in Coke Oven Effluents. E. Sawicki, P. R. Atkins, T. A. Belsky,
R. A. Friedel, D. L. Hyde, J. L. Monkman, R. A. Rasmussen, L. A.
Ripperton, J. E. Sigsby, and L. D. White. Health Lab. Sci., 11:218,
1974.
370. Tentative Method of Chromatography Analysis for Benzo(a)pyrene
and Benzo(k)fluoranthene in Atmospheric Particulate Matter.
E. Sawicki, R. C. Corey, A. E. Dooley, J. B. Gisclard, J. L. Monkman,
R. E. Neligan, and L. A. Ripperton. Health Lab. Sci., _7:60, 1970.
110
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371. Tentative Method of Fluorometric Analysis for Aliphatic Hydrocarbons in
Atmospheric Particulate Matter. E. Sawicki, P. R. Atkins, T. Belsky,
R. A. Friedel, D. L. Hyde, J. L. Monkman, R. A. Rasmussen, L. A. Ripperton,
J. E. Sigsby, and L. D. White. Health Lab. Sci., 10:231, 1973.
372. Tentative Method of Microanalysis for Benzo(a)pyrene in Airborne
Particulates and Source Effluents. E. Sawicki, R. C. Corey,
A. E. Dooley, J. B. Gisclard, J. L. Monkman, R. E. Neligan, and
L. A. Ripperton. Health Lab. Sci., Jj56, 1970.
373. Tentative Method of Routine Analysis for Polynuclear Aromatic
Hydrocarbon Content of Atmospheric Particulate Matter. E. Sawicki,
R. C. Corey, A. E. Dooley, J. B. Gisclard, J. L. Monkman, R. E. Neligan,
and L. A. Ripperton. Health Lab. Sci., 7_:45, 1970.
374. Tentative Method of Spectrophotome trie Analysis for Benzo(a)pyrene
in Atmospheric Particulate Matter. E. Sawicki, R. C. Corey,
A. E. Dooley, J. B. Gisclard, J. L. Monkman, R. E. Neligan, and
L. A. Ripperton. Health Lab. Sci., 7_:68, 1970.
375. Tentative Methods of Fluorimetric Analysis for Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
in Atmospheric Particulate Matter. E. Sawicki, P. R. Atkins, T. Belsky,
R. A. Friedel, D. L. Hyde, J. L. Monkman, R. A. Rasmussen, L. A. Ripperton,
J. E. Sigsby, and L. D. White. Health Lab. Sci., 10:231, 1973.
376. The Thermal Oxidation of Nitric Oxide in the Presence of Ultraviolet
Light. J. J. Bufalini and E. R. Stephens. Int. J. Air Water Poll.,
1:123, 1965.
377. Thermodynamic Considerations in the Interactions of Nitrogen Oxides
and Oxy-Acids in the Atmosphere. A. P. Altshuller. J. Air Poll.
Contr. Assoc., _6:97, 1956.
378. Thermodynamic Functions for Nitrogen Dioxide and Nitrous Acid.
A. P. Altshuller. J. Phys. Chem., 61^:251, 1957.
379. Thin-layer Chromatographic Characterization Tests for Basic Polynuclear
Compounds. Application to Air Pollution. E. Sawicki and H. Johnson.
Mikrochim. Acta, 1964:435, 1964.
380. Thin-layer Chromatographic Separation and Analysis of Polynuclear
Aza Heterocyclic Compounds. E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley, J. D. Pfaff,
and W. C. Elbert. Anal. Chim. Acta, 31:359, 1964.
381. Thin Layer Chromatographic Separation and Spectrophotometric Deter-
mination of Benzo(.a)pyrene in Organic Extracts of Airborne Particulates.
T. W. Stanley, M. J. Morgan, and J. E. Meeker. Anal. Chem., 39.:1327> 1967.
382. Thin-layer Chromatographic Separation of Benzo(a)pyrene and Benzo(k)
fluoranthene from Airborne Particulates. E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley,
J.' D. Pfaff, and W. C. Elbert. Chemist-Analyst, 53^:608, 1964.
Ill
-------
383. The 3-Methyl-2-Benzothiazolone Hydrazone Test. Sensitive New Methods
for the Detection, Rapid Estimation, and Determination of Aliphatic
Aldehydes. E. Sawicki, T. R. Hauser, T. W. Stanley, and W. C. Elbert.
Anal. Chem., 33^:93, 1961.
384. TLC-Fluorimetric Analysis for Atmospheric Scopoletin. E. Sawicki and
C. Golden. Microchem. J., 14^437, 1969.
385. Thin-Layer Chromatography in Air Pollution Research. C. R. Sawicki and
E. Sawicki. In: Recent Progress in Thin-Layer Chromatography,
Niederwieser, A. and Pataki, G. (eds.). Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor Science
Pub1., Inc., 1972. p. 233-293.
386. 3-Methyl-2-Benzothiazolone Hydrazone Method for Aldehydes in Air:
Collection Efficiencies and Molar Absorptivities. A. P. Altshuller
and I. R. Cohen. Anal. Chem., 3<8:1418, 1966.
387. 1, 2, 3-Tris (2-Cyanoethoxy) Propane as a Stationary Phase in the
Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Aromatic Hydrocarbons. C. A. Clemons,
P. W. Leach, and A. P. Altshuller. Anal. Chem., 3!5:1546, 1963.
388. Ultraviolet Determination of Nitrogen Dioxide as Nitrite Ion.
A. P. Altshuller and A. F. Wartburg. Anal. Chem., 32^:174, 1960.
389. Ultraviolet, Visible and Fluorescence Spectral Analysis of Polynuclear
Hydrocarbons. E. Sawicki, T. R. Hauser, and T. W. Stanley. Int. J.
Air Water Poll., 2^:253, 1960.
390. Use of Gas-Liquid and Thin-Layer Chromatography in Characterizing
Air Pollutants by Fluorometry. E. Sawicki, T. W. Stanley, S. McPherson,
and M. Morgan. Talanta, 13:619, 1966.
391. Vapor Phase Determination of Olefins by a Coulometric Method,
A. P. Altshuller and S. F. Sleva. Anal. Chem., 34:418, 1962.
392. The Various Quenching Effects in Thin-layer Chromatography. E. Sawicki
and H. Johnson. J. Chromatog., 23:142, 1966.
393. A Versatile High Flowrate Tape Sampler. J. S. Nader. J. Air Poll.
Contr. Assoc., 9^59-62, 1959. ——
394. Volumetric Calibration of Permeation Tubes. A. E. O'Keeffe. Environ.
Sci. Techno1., 3:1275, 1969. ~
395. Volumetric Measurement of Ultraviolet Energy in An Urban Atmosphere.
J. S. Nader and N. White. Environ. Sci. Technol., J9:848, 1969.
396. Window Materials for Use in Infrared Analyses Involving Nitrogen Dioxide.
A. P. Altshuller and I. R. Cohen. Anal. Chem., 31:628, 1959.
397. Workshop on Mathematical Modeling of Photochemical Smog: Summary of the
Proceedings. M. C. Dodge. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Research Triangle Park, N. C. Publication No. EPA-R4-73-010. 1973.
P. 1-41.
112
-------
AUTHOR INDEX
FOR
PUBLICATIONS SUPPORTED BY INTRAMURAL FUNDS
Allen, D. R.
208
Altshuller, A. P. 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 18, 22, 23, 24, 27,
31, 33, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47,
64, 74, 92, 99, 109, 121, 122, 123,
124, 136, 147, 148, 150, 151, 154,
173, 177, 178, 179, 181, 185, 199,
202, 203, 210, 213, 220, 221, 229,
233, 240, 247, 248, 249, 251, 252,
253, 254, 255, 263, 264, 266, 268,
269, 272, 273, 277, 280, 283, 296,
297, 298, 299, 304, 326, 333, 336,
338, 339, 340, 341, 354, 355, 358, 359,
377, 378, 386, 387, 388, 391, 396
CQ
Andrea, J.
Atkins, P. R.
Axt, C. J.
Baity, F. W., Jr. 126' 214
Ballard, L. F. 159' 295
Barber, E. D.
Bell, J. P.
Belsky, T. A.
Bender, D. F.
3, 362, 365, 368, 369, 371, 375
195
Bare, M.
Barnes, H. M., Jr.
Barry, R.
Baumgardner, R.
Becker, T. L. 64, 269
192, 193, 237, 243, 317, 318
299
302
224
28, 48, 81, 126, 200, 214, 353
29, 262, 279
Bellar, T. 40, 66, 69, 92, 120, 136, 138, 145,
148, 155, 178, 213
3, 362, 365, 368, 369, 371, 375
61, 132, 160, 165, 334
113
-------
Bennett, R. L. 351
Bethke, G. W. 301
Black, F. 69,70
Brown, M. 120
Brubaker, K. L. 187, 265
Bufalini, J. J. 96, 98, 147, 176, 182, 187, 188, 203
230, 231, 232, 239, 240, 247, 248,
249, 256, 258, 265, 310, 325, 358, 376
Bufalini, M. 241
Burton, R. 157
Carlson, T. A. 356
Carnes, R. A. 166, 168, 330, 332
Chapman, R. L. 360
Charlson, R. E. 323
Clark, T. A. 157, 159, 200
demons, C. A. 92, 94, 136, 177, 184, 213, 273, 304, 387
Coffey, W. L. 51, 285
Cohen, I. R. 18, 24, 31, 44, 46, 122, 124, 151, 176,
181, 229, 263, 264, 266, 267, 268, 336,
340, 341, 354, 355, 386, 396
Coleman, A. I. 94, 184
Conner, W. D. 14, 130, 189, 194, 236, 245, 301
Cook C. S. 301
Corey, R. C. 363, 364, 366, 367, 370, 372, 373, 374
Crider, W. L. 93
D'Amico, A. 82
Darley, P. E. 186, 257
Decker, C. E. 159, 295
Dee, L. A. 226
114
-------
Dimitriades, B.
Dodge, M. C.
Dooley, A. E.
Draftz, R. G.
Drinker, P. A.
Dudley, J. E.
Durham, J. L.
Dzubay, T. G.
Eisele, M.
Ellestad, T. G.
Ellison, A. H.
Epstein, S. S.
Falk, H.
Felder, R. M.
Ferguson, J.
Ferrell, J. K.
Fish, B. R.
Flesch, J. P.
Fontijn, A.
Fox, F. T.
Friedel, R. A.
Fugman, F. S.
Gay, B. W.
Gerlach, K.
250
2, 96, 175, 215, 294, 310, 397
363, 364, 366, 367, 370, 372, 373, 374
191
128
98
91, 133, 191, 291, 356
39, 54, 67
66
Elbert, W. C. 25, 36, 37, 41, 55, 63, 78, 83, 86, 101,
113, 137, 152, 163, 274, 275, 287, 288,
316, 335, 345, 346, 347, 380, 382, 383
91
183, 284
59, 259, 260, 261
58, 260, 261
246
228
246
133, 201, 291, 356
56, 57
308
55, 62, 113, 237, 274, 275, 316, 346
3, 362, 365, 368, 369, 371, 375
95
111, 187, 188, 230, 239
206
126
Gillmeister, R. J- ^
-------
Gisclard, J. B.
Golden, C.
Goldsmith, J. R.
Golomb, D.
Gray, R. A.
Greenburg, L.
Griffin, R. J.
Grisby, E. M.
Guyer, M.
Hangebrauck, R. P.
Hanst, P. L.
Harrison, W. K., Jr.
Hauser, T. R.
Haynie, F. H.
Hecht, T. A.
Herget, W. F.
Herling, R. H.
Hindawi, I. J.
Hodgeson, J. A.
Hodkinson, J. R.
Homolya, J. B.
Horstman, S. W., Jr.
Howard, J.
Hueper, W. C.
364, 367, 370, 372, 373, 374
167, 384
10
308
126, 214
10
135
34
152, 207, 209, 242
153, 327
11, 12, 111, 197, 212, 232, 342, 343
95
55, 87, 101, 110, 113, 114, 115, 116,
160, 196, 274, 275, 316, 337, 344, 345,
346, 348, 383, 389
65, 100, 108, 146
2, 175, 294
26, 32, 79, 302
80
272, 283
12, 29, 30, 38, 68, 81, 161, 200, 211,
262, 295, 305, 308, 350, 353, 361
236
107, 129, 135, 307
320
157
58
116
-------
Hulett, L. D.
Hyde, D. L.
Jaklevic, J. M.
Jarrett, B. V.
Jaye, F. C.
Joshi, S.
Karches, W. E.
Klosterman, D. L.
Koplan, J.
Kosinski, K.
Kotin, P.
Krost, K. J.
Kuntz, R. L.
Lage, L. J.
Lauch, R. P.
Leach, P. W.
Lee, R. E., Jr.
Lefohn, A. S.
Leng, L. J.
Lodge, J. P., Jr.
Lozano, E. R.
356
3, 362, 365, 368, 369, 371, 375
54
54
226, 245
Johnson, H. 60, 72, 84, 88, 90, 101, 140,
223, 227, 289, 313, 328, 379, 392
59
80
35, 69, 283
64 96, 185, 186, 204, 233, 239
Kopczynski, S. L. 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257,
264,' 269, 325, 359
260
72
58
29, 68, 161, 180
256
66, 123
153
148, 283, 296, 387
93, 195, 244, 311, 321
111
33, 145, 148, 326
192, 237, 243
40, 64, 185, 186, 233, 252, 253,
Lonneman, W. A. 254, 255, 257, 258, 269, 303, 359
98
117
-------
Manary, 0. J.
Mantel, N.
Marshall, L. M.
Martin, B. E.
Massey, M. T.
McClenny, W. A.
McCormick, R. A.
MeMichael, W.
McPherson, S. P.
Meeker, J. E.
Merrill, C. I.
Miller, D. L.
Miller, R. R.
Monkman, J. L.
Moran, J. B.
Morgan, D. R.
Morgan, M. J.
Mortens, H. H.
Mulik, J. D.
Myer, M. E.
Nader, J. S.
80
59, 259, 260
237
81, 211, 350, 353, 361
205
12, 30, 73, 79, 125, 126,
214, 262
277
52
62, 86, 287, 318, 333, 337,
348, 390
77, 86, 149, 153, 156, 160,
274, 275, 276, 286, 287, 292,
327, 381
226
121
115, 117
3, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366,
367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372,
373, 374, 375
80
73
34, 77, 78, 84, 149, 156,
276, 286, 292, 381, 390
226
28, 48, 180
18
14, 51, 95, 104, 106, 128, 130,
131, 139, 144, 158, 198, 205,
208, 234, 245, 270, 271, 282,
285, 322, 352, 393, 395
118
-------
Nakamura, J. T.
Neligan, R. E.
Noe, J.
Norris, C. H.
Nugent, A. E., Jr.
Patterson, R. K.
Patty, R. R.
Payne, W. W.
Penley, R.
Peterson, C. M.
Purcell, T. C.
Ramsay, P.
Rasmussen, R. A
Rehme, K. A.
Rodes, C. E.
Roesler, J. F.
Rollins, R.
Rook, H. L.
226
99, 364, 367, 370, 372, 373, 374
345
56
56
O'Keeffe, A. E. 1, 68, 105, 127, 180, 216, 217,
222, 225, 235, 278, 279, 281,
312, 394
Ortman, G. C. 1, 99, 105, 127, 205, 218, 219,
281, 360
50, 93, 244, 321
73
58
157
97
Pfaff» J- 20, 37, 82, 88, 143, 172, 228,
290, 309, 313, 331, 380, 382
24, 231, 266, 267, 268
157
3, 362, 365, 368, 369, 371, 375
29, 89, 119, 211, 353, 361
Ripperton, L. A. 3, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 367,
368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374,
375
134, 246
322
302
67
-------
Rose, A. H.
128, 158
Rosenberg, E.
Russwurm, G. M.
Sanderson, D. E.
Saltzman, B. E.
Sawicki, C. R. (Engel)
Sawicki, E.
Scales, J. W.
Scaringelli, F. P,
Schumacher, R.
Schwab, C. M.
Seeley, F. G.
Seinfeld, J. H.
Sigsby, J. E.
89, 279
73
173
94, 99, 184
19, 53, 71, 75, 76, 85, 118, 141, 142,
152, 167, 169, 170, 206, 209, 242, 293,
324, 357, 385
3, 6, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 25, 36,
37, 41, 53, 55, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63,
71, 72, 75, 77, 78, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86,
87, 88, 90, 101, 110, 112, 113, 114,
115, 116, 117, 118, 132, 137, 140, 143,
152, 160, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167,
168, 170, 171, 172, 174, 190, 196, 206,
207, 209, 223, 224, 227, 228, 238, 242,
260, 261, 274, 275, 276, 286, 287, 288
289, 290, 293, 309, 313, 314, 315, 316
317, 318, 319, 324, 328, 329, 330, 331
332, 334, 335, 337, 344, 345, 346, 347
348, 349, 357, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366
367, 368, 369, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374
375, 379, 380, 382, 383, 384, 385, 389
390, 392
219
76, 89, 119, 279
152, 332
74, 150, 151, 299
291
2, 175
3, 35, 52, 66, 69, 70, 120, 136, 138,
145, 148, 155, 283, 362, 363, 365,
366, 368, 369, 371, 375
Slater, R.
64
Sleva, S. F.
121, 123, 264, 338, 339, 354, 391
-------
Small, M.
Smith, B. M.
Smith, C. F.
Snowman, L. R.
Spence, J. W.
Spicer, W. S., Jr.
Stanley, T. W.
Stephens, D.
Stephens, E. R.
Stevens, R. K.
Stevenson, H. J.
Sutterfield, F. D.
Tabor, E. C.
Turney, G.
Upham, J. B.
Vander Zanden, E.
Von Lehmden, D. J.
Wagtnan, J.
Wartburg, A. F.
Whitby, K. T.
White, L. D.
White, N.
121
260, 261
201
130
126
65
10
25, 34, 36, 37, 41,
78, 82, 83, 86, 88,
112, 113, 114.
149, 156, 163, 164,
288, 289, 292, 309,
319, 329, 331, 335,
380, 381, 382, 383,
55, 59, 63,
90, 101, 110,
116, 137, 140,
228, 259, 287,
313, 314, 316,
345, 346, 347,
389, 390
150
376
1, 26, 28, 29, 30, 38, 39, 48, 49,
67, 68, 79, 105, 127, 159, 161,
180, 200, 211, 216, 295, 306, 323,
350, 360
173, 322
185, 186, 252, 254, 255, 257, 359
58, 59
189
100, 1°8
213
327
4, 5, 80, 93, 97, 102, 103, 195, 201,
244, 291, 300, 311, 320
18, 202, 280, 339, 354, 388
91, 323
3,362, 363, 365, 366, 368, 369, 371,
375
395
-------
Willeke, K.
Wilson, D. L.
Wilson, R. M.
Wilson, W. E.
Winfield, T.
Wittgenstein, E.
Yunghans, R. S.
91
204, 252, 253, 254, 255, 269
61, 87, 160, 165, 334
91, 323
324
21, 171, 174
98
122
-------
EP1.2 US NERC-RTP, Chemistry
NERC-RTP and Physics Laboratory
! CPL
j ar~74 Annual Report -1974
issi irn rn
EP1.2
NERC-RTP
CPL
AR-74
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