United States Office of Air Quality EMB Report 85-CCT-2
Environmental Protection Planning and Standards October 1986
Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711
NEHSAP —
Cooling Towers
Chromium
Emission Test
Report
Department
Of Energy
Paducah Gaseous
Diffusion Plant
Paducah,
KentucKy
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EMISSION TEST REPORT
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY
PADUCAH GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANT
PADUCAH, KENTUCKY
ESED 85/02
, n • iv EMB NO. 86-CCT-2
Lsiis'sry Kegaos IV
US Eavsroaasesia! Protection Agaocy
345 Csasiksd Sireet
Ailaata, Georgia 30365 :¦'$*
Prepared By
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc.
Post Office Box 12291
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
Contract No. 68-02-4336
Work Assignment Nos. 3 and 5
PNS: 3503 and 3505
EPA Task Manager
Dan Bivins
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Emission Measurement Branch
Emission Standards and Engineering Division
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
October 1986
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1
2.0 PROCESS OPERATION 2-1
2.1 Process Description 2-1
2.2 Process Conditions During Testing 2-5
3.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS 3-1
3-1 Hexavalent Chromium and Total Chromium Emissions 3~5
3.1.1 Standard-Efficiency Drift Eliminators 3~8
3-1.2 High-Efficiency Drift Eliminators 3~9
3.2 Drift Size Distribution 3"10
3.2.1 Sensitive Paper 3~10
3-2.2 Paired Train Particle Sizing 3"12
3.3 Summary of Analytical Results for Hexavalent 3~15
3-3-1 Cooling Water Samples 3~15
3-3-2 Impinger Train Samples 3~l8
3-3-3 Absorbent Paper 3~19
3-3-4 Blanks, Quality Assurance Samples,
and Recovery Samples 3~19
3-4 Absorbent Paper Sampling 3"22
3.5 Drift Rate Determination 3~24
4.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND TEST METHODS 4-1
4.1 High-Efficiency Riser Cells No. 6 and 7 (Sampling
Location A) 4-1
4.2 Standard-Efficiency Riser Cells No. 4 and 5
(Sampling Location B) 4-6
4.3 Hot Water Riser Pipes 4 & 5 and 6 & 7 (Sampling
Locations C and D) 4-6
4.4 Cold Water Well (Sampling Location E) 4-8
4.5 Ambient Meteorological Station 4-8
4.6 Velocity and Gas Temperature 4-8
4.7 Molecular Weight 4-8
4.8 Chromium Collected by Inpinger Trains 4-8
ii
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)
4.9 Chromium In Cooling Water 4-9
4.10 Drift Sizing Using Aligned Nozzle and Disc Trains 4-9
4.11 Sensitive Paper Testing 4-11
4.12 Absorbent Paper Testing 4-12
5.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE 5-1
APPENDICES
A TEST RESULTS AND EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS A-l
Hexavalent Chromium and Total Chromium A~3
Particle Size for Hexavalent Chromium and Total Chromium A-31
ESC Water Flow and Sensitive Paper Data A-49
Hexavalent Chromium Emissions in Milligrams per Million Btu's
and Micrograms per Gallon of Water Flow A-58
Cooling Tower Drop Sizing Train Results A-59
Example Calculations A-6l
B FIELD AND ANALYTICAL DATA B-l
Drift Field Data B-4
Particle Size Distribution Field Data NZ-DI Runs B-20
Sample Inventory B-30
Hexavalent, GFAA, and ICAP Chromium Analysis B~34
NAA Total Chromium Analysis B-56
C SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES C-l
Draft Propeller Anemometer Method C-3
Draft Cooling Tower Method C-ll
ESC Measurements , , C-42
Particle Sizing ("Disc" and "Aligned Nozzle") C-51
D CALIBRATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE DATA D-l
E MRI PROCESS DATA E-l
Observations During Tests E~3
Meteorological Data E-ll
F TEST PARTICIPANTS AND OBSERVERS F-l
iii
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No. Page
2.1 Schematic of RCW system 2-2
2.2 C-637 Tower Arrangement at Department of Energy 2-3
Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant
4.1 Sampling Locations for Testing Conducted on
Cooling Tower C-637~2A 4-2
4.2 Cutaway View of Fan Cell Stack on Cooling Tower C-637-2A
Showing Equipment Locations and Nozzle Traverse Plane 4-5
4.3 Section of Cooling Tower C-637~2A Showing Sampling
Locations for ESC Sensitive Paper and Water Flow
Measurements 4-7
iv
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LIST OF TABLES
Table No. Page
2.1 Summary of Operating Parameters and Meteorological
Data During Tests 2-6
3.1 Testing Schedule for Cooling Tower 637"2A at Paducah
Gaseous Diffusion Plant 3~3
3-2 Summary of Fan Stack Gas Conditions 3~6
3.3 Summary of Hexavalent and Total Chromium Emissions
Based On Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption (GFAA) 3"7
3-4 Summary of Sensitive Paper (SP) Drift Size Data 3~H
3.5 Summary of Particle Sizing Data for High-Efficiency
Drift Eliminators Using Disc Train (Cut Size <15 um)
And Absorbent Paper (Cut Size >30 um) 3~l4
3.6 Summary of Analytical Results for Cooling Water Samples 3~l6
3.7 Mineral Content and Other Characteristics of Selected 3~l8
Cooling Water Samples
3-8 Summary of Analytical Results for Chromium 3~20
3.9 Comparison of Measurement Methods for Total Chromium 3~23
Emissions
3.10 Water Flow Rate Measurements 3~25
3.11 Comparison of Measurement Methods for Drift Rates 3~27
4.1 Sampling Plan for Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant 4-3
v
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
During the week of June 23, 1986, Entropy Environmentalists, Inc.
(Entropy), under contract to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency's
Emission Measurement Branch, conducted an emission measurement program at the
Department of Energy's (DOE) Gaseous Diffusion Plant in Paducah, Kentucky. The
plant is operated by Martin-Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. for the DOE. The
purpose of the measurement program was to provide support data on chromium
emissions from cooling towers in support of a possible chromium standard under
the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAPS).
Comprehensive testing was conducted on the cooling tower designated
C-637-2A at the Paducah plant. This cooling tower was selected for source
testing for the following reasons:
o Five riser cells of the cooling tower are equipped with standard-
efficiency drift eliminators and two riser cells are equipped with
high-efficiency drift eliminators allowing for a direct comparison of
emissions from two types of drift eliminators. This comparison allows
for an estimate of the impact of retrofitting standard cooling towers
with high-efficiency drift eliminators.
o A chromate-based water treatment program is used for the cooling towers
at this facility. The target level for chromate, added as sodium
dichromate, in the cooling water is 18 to 20 parts per million (mg/L).
The analysis of the cooling water samples collected during the testing
program indicated that the target level was being maintained.
o The facility allowed the addition of sodium bromide (NaBr) to the
cooling tower water for further evaluation of bromide as a surrogate
compound for cooling tower drift emissions testing. (These results
will be included in a separate report concerning cooling tower
screening methods and testing surrogates).
o The water flow rates to the individual cooling tower riser cells were
adjustable so that the riser cells being tested could be operated at
near-design water flow rates. During the testing due to low process
cooling demand, the waterflow to the riser cells not being tested was
diverted to the cells being tested to provide design heat load
conditions. (The emissions determined in these tests were not typical
of plant operations since the plant does not normally operate at design
levels.
1-1
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© Cooling tower C-637-2A provided test personnel and their equipment good
access to the outlet stacks; all fan cell stacks are located at the
same elevation with no major obstructions that would hinder movement
between cells.
The cooling tower emissions were characterized using a Method 13_type
impinger train following the draft cooling tower test method (Appendix C) to
collect the drift from the cooling tower exhaust. The impinger contents were
analyzed by Research Triangle Institute (RTI) for total chromium content by
solubilizing the chromium with nitirc acid and using graphite furnace atomic
absorbtion (GFAA). The velocity of the airflow through each fan cell was
determined using a propeller anemometer following the draft method (Appendix
C). The gas temperature and percent moisture were also determined. The
corresponding cooling water samples collected during each sampling run were
analyzed by RTI for hexavalent chromium using the diphenylcarbizide wet
chemical method and by North Carolina State University (NCSU) for total
chromium in the filtered residue using Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA).
Sampling was also conducted using an "aligned nozzle train" and a "disc train"
(see Chapter 4), to determine the percentage of chromium emissions associated
with particles smaller than a certain particle size (approximately 15 um).
An independent determination of the drift rate and drift size distribution
was conducted by personnel from Environmental Systems Corporation (ESC) using
their Sensitive Paper (SP) system and microscopic analysis. ESC personnel also
conducted the water flow measurements in the recirculating water pipes to each
of the riser cells being tested. For this, ESC used calibrated pitot tubes and
a methodology similar to EPA Methods 1 and 2 for air velocity measurements.
A sampling protocol using absorbent paper (AP) in a sensitive paper holder
was evaluated as part of an effort to develop a potential screening technique
for cooling tower emission testing and to determine the percentage of chromium
1-2
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emissions associated with particles greater than a certain particle size
(approximately 30 um). These AP's were analyzed for total chromium content by
NCSU using NAA.
Mr. Joe Hennon and Mr. Rodney Gibson of Midwest Research Institute (MRI)
monitored the operating conditions of the cooling tower and determined when
conditions were suitable for sampling. Mr. Dan Bivins (EPA Task Manager) of
the Emission Measurement Branch (EMB) and Mr. Stan Cook of the Kentucky
Department for Natural Resources and Environmental Protection, Division of Air
Pollution Control were present to observe the testing program. Mr. R. Bruce
Wrinkle, Technical Services, of Martin-Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. served as
the contact for the facility.
This report is organized into several sections addressing the various
aspects of the testing program. Immediately following this introduction is the
"Process Operation" section describing the process involving the cooling tower
tested, the cooling tower system, and the control equipment in the tower.
Following the "Process Operation" section is the "Summary of Results" section
presenting tables summarizing the test conditions, the calculated emission and
drift rates, the drift size distribution, and the analytical results. The next
section, "Sampling Locations and Test Methods" describes and illustrates the
various sampling locations for the emissions testing program and then explains
the sampling strategies used. The final section, "Quality Assurance",
describes the procedures used to ensure the integrity of the sampling and
analysis program. The Appendices present the Test Results and Example
Calculations (Appendix A); Field and Analytical Data (Appendix B); Sampling and
Analytical Procedures (Appendix C); Calibration and Quality Assurance (Appendix
D); MRI Process Data (Appendix E); and Test Participants and Observers
(Appendix F).
1-3
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2.0 PROCESS OPERATION
2.1 PROCESS DESCRIPTION
The Department of Energy facility at Paducah, Kentucky, is operated
by Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. This facility enriches uranium in
the U235 isotope using a gaseous diffusion (cascade) process. The
diffusion process involves pressure-induced flow of the uranium
hexafluoride (UF6) process gas through microporous barriers. The heat of
compression is removed from the process gas by thermosyphon refrigerant
systems to control the operating temperature. The refrigerant is
vaporized in process gas coolers and is transferred to water-cooled heat
exchangers where it is condensed before it returns to the gas coolers (see Fig-
ure 2-1). Recirculating cooling water (RCW) is pumped from a basin to
the process condensers and returned to the cooling towers where waste
process heat is rejected to the atmosphere. Indirect cooling of the UF6
is used for safety and reliability considerations.
The cooling tower system selected for source testing is designated
C-637-2A. A sketch of the C-637 cooling tower arrangement is shown in Fig-
ure 2-2. The C-637-2A tower is a 7-cell Marley crossflow design with two
fans per riser cell and is equipped with both typical-(herringbone) and
high-(Thermatec Spectra) efficiency drift eliminators. Riser cell Nos. 1
through 5 are equipped with typical-efficiency drift eliminators and
redwood splash fill. The high-efficiency drift eliminator riser cells
Nos. 6 and 7 contain polyvinyl chloride (PVC) splash fill.
The tower was originally constructed in the early 1950's with redwood
splash fill and herringbone drift eliminators in all the riser cells.
Riser cells Nos. 6 and 7 were recently modified by the installation of the
PVC splash fill and Thermatec Spectra drift eliminators. The water
systems of towers C-637-2A and C-637-2B are served by a common pumphouse
that has a total nominal capacity of 160,000 gallons per minute
(gal/min): six pumps rated for 20,000 gal/min each, and four pumps rated
for 10,000 gal/min each. Each of the tower systems is constructed with a
water basin having a capacity of 4.2 million gallons. Makeup water from
the Ohio River is softened and clarified and then supplied through a
30-inch pipeline to the pumphouse.
2-1
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n- 114 vapor
Figure 2-1. Schematic of RCW system.
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SYSTEM OA IA
PARAMEIEH
VALUE
PARAMEl£R
C.I).P.
TOWER
NORTH
IOWER AGE, TEARS
A I RE LOW CAI'ACITr OF EACH FAN, Fr3/HIN
TOtAL AI RE LOW RAJE, FT5/MIN
RECIRCULATING WAIER FLOW RAIE, GAL/D
NO. OF RISER CELLS
NO. Of FAN CELLS PER RISER CELL
BLOWDOWN
31
610,000
8.5 3mI06
101,6»I06
7
2
TO BLEND
PUMP
MOUSE
C-637-2B (NORTH)
i r
o
O SO
L
0|0;0j0
bjoToio"'
o
o|o
1 1 1 1 1 1
' 4 ' , , 4
' 4 ¦
DIAMETER OF FAN SIACKS, It 22
BASIN CAPACITr--N0RTH AND 4.2»I06
SOUTH, GALLONS EACH
POMP SI 21 . GAL/MIN
6 PUWS ( I ,250 HP 20,000
4 PUMPS I 450 l*> 10,000
FAN MOTOR SIZE, HP 75
WATER
DISTRIBUTION
DECKS
C-637-2A (SOUTH)
FAN CELL NOS
©
1
©
l__
©
L._
©
1
©
_J
© ©
©
©
©
©
©
© G
1 1 1 1 1 1
4 3
RISER
NOS.
CELL
MAKEUP
WATER
PROCESS BUILDING
Figure 2-2. C-637 Tower arrangement at Department of Energy
Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant.
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Two 60-inch cooling water supply and return loops ("G" and "H") are
used to recirculate the tower water through the process building. The
return lines of each loop are connected by a "crossover" pipeline that
allows water to be directed to either the C-637-2A or 2B tower for
cooling. Another "crossover" pipeline interconnects the process cooling
water supply lines. The recirculating water enters the tower after the
flow is split into seven branches (riser pipes) that serve each of the
seven riser cells. The flow from each of the riser pipes is split and
conveyed into the water distribution decks of each of the two fan cells.
The water distribution decks are located directly above the splash
fill sections of the fan cells and equipped with gravity flow nozzles for
even distribution of the recirculating water in a cascade over the fill
material. Propeller fans measuring 22 feet in diameter that are located
in the stack of each cell provide 610,000 cubic feet per min (ft3/min) of
induced horizontal airflow through the fill sections. The air becomes
entrained with water droplets and residual particles from evaporated water
droplets as it passes through the fill section.
The air flows through a drift eliminator designed to remove large
water droplets before they exit the tower through the fan stack. The
drift eliminator removes water droplets primarily by causing direction
changes in the air, which cause impaction of the water droplets on a
surface. The water droplets and residual particles from evaporated water
droplets that remain in the exhausted air are considered to be "drift."
Drift contains the constituents of both the ambient air and the cooling
water including the water treatment chemicals. By this process,
hexavalent chromium is emitted to the ambient air.
Sodium bichromate with a target concentration of 18 to 20 mg/i is
added to the recirculating cooling water to inhibit corrosion in the heat
exchangers. Chromate additions are made manually, and the chromate levels
are measured daily. A chlorine residual of 0.5 mg/a is the target
concentration for providing control of biological organism levels in the
recirculating water. Chlorine is continuously injected into the system at
a constant flow rate. The pH of the water is monitored continuously by a
pH probe and meter. Additions of sulfuric acid are manually controlled to
maintain the 6.0 to 6.1 target pH range. The calcium hardness is
2-4
-------
maintained at concentrations between 350 and 500 mg/i in the recirculating
water by controlling the blowdown rate.
2.2 PROCESS CONDITIONS DURING TESTING
The C-637-2A cooling tower operating parameters were monitored
throughout the test period to ensure that proper conditions existed. The
operating parameters monitored were the fan motor amperage, pump outlet
pressures, total water flow, basin water temperature, return water
temperature, chlorine addition rate, makeup water flow rate, pH, wet well
temperature, and blowdown rate. Meteorological data were obtained from
the National Weather Service at the Paducah Airport for each day that
tests were performed and included hourly observations of dry bulb
temperature, dew point, wind speed, and wind direction. Table 2.1 is a
summary of the cooling tower operating parameters and meteorological data
recorded and obtained during the test period.
The cooling tower was not operating at the recirculating water design
capacity during the tests due to low process cooling demands. It was
necessary to increase the water flow rates of the riser cells being tested
to between 90 and 100 percent of design capacity (8,074 to 8,971 gal/min,
respectively) by directing some of the recirculating water in the riser
cells not being tested to the riser cells that were being tested. This
was accomplished by partially closing the isolation valve for the riser
cells not being tested. Additionally, the distribution of the riser cell
water to each of the fan cells was balanced by adjusting the individual
flow control valves on each fan cell until the depth of water in the
distribution decks appeared equal. The blowdown rate was maintained at
zero throughout the test period to minimize the loss of sodium bromide
that was added to the recirculating water as a tracer chemical.
On Monday, June 23, the recirculating water flow rates on riser cells
Nos. 4 and 7 were adjusted while ESC personnel measured the waterflow
rates. Waterflow rates were established at 8,500 gal/min and
8,600 gal/min for riser cells Nos. 4 and 7, respectively. At 9:25 a.m. on
Tuesday, June 24, the first test runs on riser cells Nos. 4 and 7 (fan
cells Nos. 8 and 14) began. A second waterflow measurement on riser pipe
No. 7 indicated that the flow was at 85 percent of capacity or
2-5
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TABLE 2.1. SUMMARY OF OPERATING PARAMETERS AND METEOROLOGICAL DATA DURING TESTS
lest series
lest series
lest series
lest series
lest series
lest series
lest series
lest series
Par dneter
No. 1
No. 2
No. 3
No. 4
No. 5
No. 6
Ho. 7
No. 8
Udte
6/24/06
6/24/86
6/25/86
6/25/86
6/26/86
6/26/86
6/27/86
6/27/86
Recirculating waterflow.
qa l/fiin
"G" loop
19.640
19.400a
18.750
19,020
19.270
19,140
19,270
19,270
¦M" loop
14.230
13,690
14.060
14.230
14.230
14.230
14.230
14.230
Riser 4
8.122
8.122
8,562
Riser 5
8.404
8,203
8.203
8,261
Riser 6
8.879
8.630
8.630
8,623
Riser 7
7,244
7.244
8,270
8,330
8.3J0
halt anperijqe. drops
Cell 7
66-68
66-67
67-68
67 68
67-68
67-68
Cell B
63-64
63-64
64
63 64
64
64 65
Cell 9
67-68
67
66-67
67
68
67-68
68 69
67 68
Cell 10
72-73
72-73
72-73
72-73
72-73
73 74
72-73
7? 73
Cell 11
70
70
70-72
70-71
70-71
69-70
71-72
70 7 1
Cell 12
65-76
66
66
65 66
64-65
66 67
66-67
66 67
Cell 13
74
74
72-74
72-73
72-73
Cell 14
71-72
71-72
71-72
71-73
71-72
Hdkeup water flow, (jjl/nin
2.420
2,420
2.260
2.500
2.400
2,240-2,590
2,240-2,500
2.450
lotdl wdter pressure. ps hi
76
77-78
77-79
74-77
76
74-76
76
75 76
Wdter temperature, "1
Bds in
• north
93-95
91 9?. 5
92-97. 5
95-99
95-97
93
87-88
88
• south
85-86
85-86
87-89
89-90
83-85
88 90
87
87
"G" return
132
132
131-132
132
131
131
132
13?
"IT leturn
126-127
125 126
125
125
124 126
125
124
124
Wet we 11
91 92
91
90-92
93-94
92
91-92.5
91. 5-91.8
92 92. 5
Blowdowii idle, qdl/nin
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Water clients tr y
Control/feed
• pll
6.04
6.05
6.0-6.05
6.05-b.08
6. 06-6.08
6.06-6. 10
6 02 6 11
5 98 6.02
• ch1 or tne, 1 b/d
240
?40
240
240
240
240
240
?40
• Oiocol, gal/d
4.5
4. 5
9.0
9.0
0
0
9.0
9.0
>nt inucd)
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TABLE 2.1 (continued)
Test series lest series lest series Test series Test series lest series lest series Test series
Parameter No. 1 No. 2 No. 3 Ho. 4 No. 5 No. 6 No. 7 No. B
Lab anaiys is (Dai)y)
• pit
6.0
6.0 6.1
6.1
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.2
• res idua 1 Cl^ ("9/ &)
0.54
0. 54
0.82
0.82
• Ca hardness. (09/ 8,)
431
431 42?
422
422
422
426
426
• Chfcxidte, CrO (19/£)
IB. 1
IB. 1 17.9
17.9
18.9
18.9
IB. 4
18. 4
• lotal dissolved
2,149
2,149
2,199
2,199
sol ids, (oq/K>)
Neteoroloq ical Data
wind speed, nph
5-8
3-9 8-9
6-8
6-8
8-12
9 13
12 13
wind direction, (00-360)
330060
340-060 060-090
050 - 0 90
140-180
160-190
210-230
190- 210
ambient tenperature, UF
BJ-87
88-90 78-81
81-84
82-88
91-92
84-89
89-92
dew point temperature. "f
67-/0
65-70 57-59
59-60
64-65
70-73
72-73
72-73
a"G" and "H" loop waterflows
were taken front
venturi readings, and the riser waterflows
were taken with a pttot tube.
In test
No. 2, the total
flows fro« the
two net hods
differ by about 2 percent.
probably due to
the fact that the venturi readings were in
the botton
10 percent of their
range.
rv>
i
-------
7,500 gal/min. The reason for this variation is not known, but a leak in
the pi tot tube may have contributed to a measurement error on Monday.
Inspection of the drift eliminator in fan cell No. 13 indicated the
presence of a significant water leak into the outlet of the fan side of
the drift eliminator section. As a result, the drift rate for riser cell
No. 7 should be higher for the June 24 test runs than for test runs on~
riser cell No. 7 that were performed on Friday, June 27. A broken redwood
plank in the water distribution deck was replaced on Wednesday, June 25,
to correct the problem. The tests on riser cell No. 7 were successfully
repeated on Friday, June 27. The remaining tests on riser cell Nos. 4, 5,
and 6 were completed under acceptable conditions with respect to the test
plan and Cooling Tower Institute guidelines.
2-8
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3.0 SUMMARY OF RESULTS
Note: The test program at the Paducah Facility was the first cooling tower
test for standards setting purposes conducted by EPA. A methods development
test had been previously conducted at a pilot scale cooling tower; however,
since the cooling water in the pilot scale tower used for methods
development/evaluation testing did not contain chromium, several of the
sampling and analytical procedures that had previously worked for EPA's
chromium testing at other industries had to be revalidated for testing at
cooling towers. One of these procedures involved concentrating the impinger
and rinse sample from about 500 ml to about 25 ml. This procedure had been
used in previous testing to provide greater analytical accuracy. In every
case, tests showed that no appreciable chromium residue remained in the
concentrating beaker. As an additional check on this procedure for cooling
tower testing, several of the beakers used for concentrating the samples from
the Paducah test were rinsed with aqua regia and this rinse was analyzed for
chromium. The beakers were, in this case, found to have a significant
residue. By the time that it was discovered that the residue was significant,
the other beakers used for concentrating the samples had been inadvertently
rinsed and the remaining residue was lost. The impinger train data is
therefore biased low. (Based on the other test programs, the impinger data is
estimated to be about 1/3 of the actual value.) All the other data should
still be valid. The impinger train data presented in this report is shown with
greater than (>) preceding the reported value. No adjustment is made to the
data and the test results have very limited value with respect to their repre-
sentativeness of the cooling tower emissions.
3-1
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Tests were conducted to determine the mass emission rates of hexavalent
chromium and total chromium from cooling tower C-637~2A at the Department of
Energy's Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant in Paducah, Kentucky. The mass
emission rate tests involved using a Method 13~type impinger train to sample
four fan stacks on two riser cells equipped with standard-efficiency drift
eliminators and four fan stacks on two riser cells equipped with -
high-efficiency drift eliminators. The testing schedule that was followed for
cooling tower C-637~2A is presented in Table 3-1- The results of these tests
are discussed briefly below and in detail in Section 3*1.
The pollutant mass rate for hexavalent chromium, calculated by the ratio of
areas (PMRa) method, for the fan cells on risers 4 and 5 equipped with
standard-efficiency drift eliminators averaged >580 and >463 milligrams per
hour (mg/hr), respectively. The PMRa for the fan cells on risers 6 and 7
equipped with high-efficiency drift eliminators averaged >343 and >373 mg/hr,
respective- ly. These results clearly show lower emissions of hexavalent
chromium from the two riser cells equipped with high-efficiency drift
eliminators compared to the riser cells with standard-efficiency drift
eliminators.
The drift size distribution (drift being defined here as cooling water
entrained in the exit air and emitted to the atmosphere in droplet form), along
with the drift rate was determined by Environmental Systems Corporation (ESC)
using their sensitive paper (SP) technique. The results of the SP testing
suggest that the drift emissions from the fan cells equipped with standard-
efficiency drift eliminators had an average mass mean diameter of 448 um. The
fan cells equipped with high-efficiency drift eliminators showed an average
mass mean diameter for the drift emissions of 357 um.
Another method was evaluated for determining the percentage of the mass of
hexavalent chromium in particles smaller than a certain size (approximately
15 um under these sampling conditions). The sampling protocol involved using a
3-2
-------
TABLE 3.1. TESTING SCHEDULE FOR COOLING TOWER 637-2A AT PADUCAH GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANT
Date
(1986)
Sample Type
Riser Cell 4
Fan Cells 7 and 8
(Standard-Efficiency)
Riser Cell 5
Fan Cells 9 and 10
(Standard-Efficiency)
Riser Cell 6
Fan Cells 11 and 12
(High-Efficiency)
Riser Cell 7
Fan Cells 13 and 14
(High-Efficiency)
Run
No.*
Test Time
24 h clock
Run
No.*
Test Time
24 h clock
Run
No.*
Test Time
24 h clock
Run
No . *
Test Time
24 h clock
6/23
Particle size
Particle size
DI7-(l4)-l
NZ7-(l4)-l**
1550-0742++
1551-0741++
6/24
Ch romi um
Chromium
Particle size
Particle size
4-(8,7)-l
4-(7,8)-2
0925-1206
1258-1520
DI5-(10)-2**
NZ5-(10)-2
1626-0755
1627-0756
7-(13,14)-1+
7-(14,l4)-2+
0924-1231
1302-1515
6/25
Chromium
Chromium
Particle size
Particle size
5-(10,9)-3
5-(9.10)-4
0915-1140
1222-1444
6-(12,11)-3
6—(11,12)—4
Dl6-(12)-3
nz6-(12)-3
0914-1145
1222-1445
1515-1915
1515-1915
6/26
Chromium
Chromium
Particle size
Particle size
4-(7.8)-6
1312-1520
5-(10,9)-5
0825-1036
6-(12,ll)-5
0825-1043
7-(14.13)-6
DZ7-(14)-4
NZ7-(14)-4
1312-1537
1600-2000
1600-2000
6/27
Chromium
Chromium
Chromium
Chromium
Particle size
Particle size
di6-(11)-5
NZ6-(ll)-5
0831-1231
0831-1231
7-(14.13) -7
7-(13 .14)-8
7-(14 ) -9
7-(13)-9
0823-1050
0829-1046
1114-1214
1110-1229
* Run numbers for chromium runs indicate: Riser Cell - (Fan Cell(s)) - Run.
Run numbers for particle size runs indicate: Technique/Riser Cell - (Fan Cell) - Run.
•* Run aborted due to sampling train malfunctions.
~ Results for these runs not presented because water flow to the riser during testing was too low.
+~ Overnight testing.
-------
set of paired trains; one, referred to as the "disc train," was designed to^
capture only the smaller particles and the other, a Method 13~type train with
the nozzle aligned directly into the flow of the fan exhaust (referred to as
the "aligned nozzle train"), was designed to capture all sizes of drift
particles. Data from a screening technique being evaluated utilizing absorbent
paper (AP), was also used for particle sizing purposes. The data were used
based on collection by the AP in a SP holder of particles over 30 urn (under
these sampling conditions).
The paired train particle sizing data suggest that ~35 to ~50 percent of
the hexavalent chromium emissions from the cells equipped with high-efficiency
drift eliminators are associated with particles less than 15 um. The paired
train particle sizing runs on cells equipped with standard-efficiency drift
eliminators did not produce any valid data because of sampling train
malfunctions. The AP data for the cells with high-efficiency drift eliminators
suggest that >28.0 to >95 percent of the chromium emissions are associated
with particles greater than 30 um. For the cells with standard-efficiency
drift eliminators, the AP data suggest that <104.6 to <209 percent of the
chromium emissions are associated with particles greater than 30 um. The
particle sizing results and the differences between the two methods are
discussed in detail in Section 3-2.
The analytical results for the hexavalent chromium and residue chromium in
the cooling water samples arid the total chromium in the impinger samples are
presented in Section 3-3 along with the analytical results for the blanks,
quality assurance samples, and recovery samples. The results of the analysis
of the absorbent papers, which are being evaluated as a screening technique for
cooling tower emissions, are also presented in Section 3-3. and the technique
is discussed in Section 3-4.
3-4
-------
Drift rate calculations based on the water flow to the riser cells, the^
concentration of chromium in the cooling water, and the mass emission rates
calculated for the impinger train samples are presented in Section 3*5• Drift
rate calculations from the SP data are also presented and the drift rates
calculated by the various methods are compared.
3.1 HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM AND TOTAL CHROMIUM EMISSIONS
The mass emission rates for hexavalent chromium and total chromium from two
of the riser cells equipped with standard-efficiency drift eliminators and the
two riser cells equipped with high-efficiency drift eliminators were
determined. Sampling was conducted isokinetically with the percent isokinetic
rate values for the sampling runs ranging from 95•37^ to 102.5% (see Table 3-2).
The sampling runs were typically 2 hours in length, with a single traverse
on each of the two fan stacks on a single riser cell comprising a single
sample. Exceptions to this were runs 7~(13)~9 and 7-(l^)-9 which were
conducted simultaneously and were one hour in length with a single traverse
conducted on each fan cell.
The hexavalent chromium emissions in the drift were calculated using the
values for the total chromium emissions and the ratio of hexavalent-to-total
chromium in the cooling water. The assumption was made that the chromium
emissions from the cooling tower fan stack maintained the same ratio of
hexavalent-to-total chromium measured in the cooling water.
The concentration of hexavalent and total chromium in the emissions, in
milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (mg/dscm), in micrograms per gallon of
water flow to the fan cell (ug/gal), and in micrograms per million Btu's of
heat removed (mg/10^ Btu), and the mass emission rates of hexavalent and total
chromium, in milligrams per hour (mg/hr) are presented in Table 3.3 for each
sampling run. These results are based on the total chromium analysis
3-5
-------
TABLE 3.2. SUMMARY OF FAN STACK GAS CONDITIONS
Run
Date
Test Time
Volumetric
Flow Rate
Stack
Moisture
Isokinetic
No.
(1986)
24 h clock
a
Actual
b
Standard
Temperature
Rate
acmh
acfh
dscmh
dscfh
6
x 10
&
x 10
6
x 10
6
x 10
C
F
%
%
Standard-Efficiency Drift Eliminator, RiBer Cell 4. Fan Cells 7 and 8
4-(8,7)-1
6/24
0925-1206
1.038
36.63
0.906
32.00
38
100
6.5
98.5
4-(7,8)-2
6/24
1258-1520
1.056
37.27
0.908
32.06
40
104
7.3
97.9
4-(7,8)-6
6/26
1312-1520
0.982
34.66
0.839
29.61
41
106
7.8
97.3
Average
1.03
36.2
0.884
31.2
40
103
7.2
Standard-Efficiency Drift Eliminator, Riser Cell 5, Fan Cells 9 and 10
5-(10,9)-3
6/25
0915-1140
1.051
37.12
0.903
31.90
41
105
7.5
98.5
5-(9,10)-4
6/25
1222-1444
1.014
35.80
0.867
30.62
41
106
7.8
99.3
5-(10,9)-5
6/26
0825-1036
1.045
36.89
0.908
32.05
39
102
6.9
98.2
Average
1.04
36.6
0.893
31.5
40
104
7.4
High-Efficiency Drift Eliminator, Riser
Cell 6,
Fan Cells 11 and 12
6-(11,12)-3
6/25
0914-1145
0.969
34.20
0.892
31.49
30
86
4.2
95.3
6-(11,12)-4
6/25
1222-1445
0.857
30.27
0.768
27.13
34
93
5.3
98.9
6-(12,11)-5
6/26
0825-1043
0.929
32.79
0.834
29.46
34
93
5.3
101.3
Average
0.92
32.4
0.831
29.4
33
91
4.9
High-Efficiency Drift Eliminator, Riser
Cell 7,
Fan Cells 13 and
14
7-(14,13)-1*
6/24
0924-1231
1.048
37.00
0.953
33.66
32
89
4.6
95.7
7-(14,14)-2*
6/24
1302-1515
0.912
32.19
0.811
28.65
35
95
5.6
96.6
7-(14,13)-6
6/26
1312-1537
0.887
31.31
0.794
28.04
34
94
5.4
102.5
7-(14,13)-7
6/27
0823-1050
1.003
35.42
0.875
30.89
38
101
6.7
95.4
7-(13,14)-8
6/27
0829-1046
0.848
29.94
0.777
27.45
31
87
4.3
99.3
7-(14)-9
6/27
1114-1214
1.002
35.39
0.864
30.52
40
104
7.2
96.1
7-(13)-9
6/27
1110-1229
0.779
28.22
0.710
25.08
36
96
5.8
98.8
Average
0.90
32.1
0.804
28.4
36
96
5.9
; *Results for these runs not included in averages because water flow rate to riser during testing was too low.
• " ^
Volumetric flow rate in actual cubic meters per hour (acmh) and actual cubic feet per hour (acfh) at
stack conditions.
b
j Volumetric flow rate in dry standard cubic meters per hour (dscmh) and dry standard cubic feet per
hour (dscfh).
1
3-6
-------
TABLE 3.3. SUMMARY OF HEXAVALENT AND TOTAL CHROMIUM EMISSIONS BASED ON GRAPHITE FURNACE ATOMIC ABSORPTION (GFAA)
Run
Date
Hexavalent Chromium**
Total Chromium**
No.
concentration
mass emissions
concentration
mass emissions
(mg/dscm) x 10
ug/gal
mg/10^ Btu
mg/hr
—3
(mg/dscm) x 10
ug/gal
mg/10^ Btu
mg/hr
Standard-Efficiency Drift Eliminator, Riser Cell 4
4-(8,7)-l
6/24
>0.385
>0.41
>1.94
>344
>0.386
>1.42
>1.94
>3^5
(7.8)-2
6/24
>0.612
>2.23
>3.09
>544
>0.618
>2.2 5
>3.11
>549
4-(7,8)-6
6/26
>1.044
>3-50
>4.94
>852
>1.052
>3.53
>4.98
>859
Average
>0.680
>2.38
>3.32
>580
>0.685
>2.40
>3.34
>584
Standard-Efficiency Drift Eliminator, Riser Cell 5
5-(10,9)-3
6/25
>0.439
>1.59
>2.55
>391
>0.478
>1.73
>2.11
>426
5-(9,lO)-4
6/25
>0.878
>3-08
>4.87
>757
>0.929
>3.26
>5.15
>801
5-(10,9)-5
6/26
>0.268
>0.98
>1.36
>240
>0.272
>0.98
>1.37
>242
Average
>0.528
>1.88
>2.93
>463
>0.560
>1-99
>3-10
>490
High-Efficiency Drift Eliminator, Riser Cell 6
6-(12,ll)-3
6/25
>0.748
>2.46
>4.18
>637
>0.757
>2.49
>4.23
>644
6-(ll,12)-4
6/25
>0.145
>0.42
>0.76
>110
>0.145
>0.42
>0.76
>110
6-(12,ll)-5
6/26
>0.332
>1.09
>1.67
>281
>0.335
>1.09
>1.67
>281
Average
>0.408
>1.32
>2.20
>343
>0.412
>1.33
>2.22
>3^5
High-Efficiency Drift Eliminator, Riser Cell 7
7-(l4,13)-l*
6/24
>2.656
>9.72
>14.08
>2427
>2.668
>9.78
>14.14
>2438
7~(14)-2*
6/24
>0.229
>0.72
>1.13
>180
>0.230
>0.73
>1.13
>181
7-(l4,l3)-6
6/26
>0.459
>1.48
>2.00
>369
>0.455
>1.49
>2.01
>371
7-(l4,l3)-7
6/27
>0.407
>1.36
>1.93
>340
>0.409
>1.37
>1.94
>342
7-(13,l4)-8
6/27
>0.423
>1.31
>1.86
>327
>0.425
>1.32
>1.87
>329
7-(13)-9
6/27
>0.469
>1.32
>1.87
>329
>0.471
>1.33
>1.88
>331
7-(l4)-9
6/27
>0.599
>2.00
>2.83
>498
>0.602
>2.01
>2.84
>501
Average
>0.471
>1.49
>2.10
>373
>0.472
>1.50
>2.11
>375
*Results for these runs not included in averages because water flow rate to riser during this testing was too low.
**Values for chromium are biased significantly low due to loss of chromium during sample concentration.
-------
conducted by RTI using GFAA with the hexavalent chromium values being
calculated using the ratio of hexavalent-to-total chromium in the cooling water
samples for that run. The hexavalent and total chromium values are repre-
sentative of the emissions from a single fan stack on the corresponding riser
cell. The mass emission rates were calculated using the ratio of the fan stack"
area to the sampling nozzle area, the catch weight of total chromium, the
calculated catch weight of hexavalent chromium, and the sampling time (see
Appendix A for example calculations).
3-1.1 Standard-Efficiency Drift Eliminators
Fan Stack Conditions and Isokinetic Sampling Rate - A summary of the fan
stack conditions for the standard-efficiency drift eliminator fan cells tested
is presented in Table 3-2. The volumetric flow rates were fairly constant on
all the standard-efficiency fan cells tested. On riser cell 4, the volumetric
flowrate averaged 1,030,000 actual cubic meters per hour (36,200,000 actual
cubic feet per hour), and oh riser cell 5 averaged 1,040,000 actual cubic
meters per hour (36,600,000 actual cubic feet per hour). The stack temperature
averaged 40°C (103°F) for both riser cells. The moisture content by volume for
riser cells 4 and 5 was T-^% and 7-4$, respectively. The isokinetic sampling
\¦ *
rates were well within the allowable limits for all six runs.
Hexavalent Chromium Emissions - The emission concentrations and mass
emission rates for hexavaient chromium for the test runs of fan cells on the
risers equipped with standard-efficiency drift eliminators were fairly
consistent (see Table 3»3)- The hexavalent chromium concentrations for riser
cells 4 and 5, respectively, averaged >0.00068 and >0.00053 milligrams per dry
standard cubic meter of exhaust gas; >2.38 and >1.88 micrograms per gallon of
water flow to the fan cells; and >3-32 and >2.93 milligrams per million Btu's
of heat removed from the water. The hexavalent chromium mass emission rates
3-8
-------
averaged >580 and >463 milligrams per hour for the fan cells on risers 4 and 5.
respectively.
Total Chromium Emissions - The emission concentrations and mass emissions
for total chromium were also consistent for the fan cells on risers 4 and 5
(see Table 3>3)- The total chromium concentrations for riser cells 4 and 5.
respectively, averaged >0.00069 and >0.00056 milligrams per dry standard cubic
meter of exhaust gas; >2.4 and >2.0 micrograms per gallon of water flow to the
fan cells; and >3*3 and >3.1 milligrams per million Btu's of heat removed from
the water. The total chromium mass emission rates for the same two riser cells
averaged >584 and >490 milligrams per hour, respectively.
3.1.2 High-Efficiency Drift Eliminators
Fan Stack Conditions and Isokinetic Sampling Rate - A summary of the fan
stack conditions for the high-efficiency drift eliminator fan cells is also
presented in Table 3-2. The volumetric flow rates were fairly constant on all
the high-efficiency fan cells tested. On riser cell 6, the volumetric flowrate
averaged 920,000 actual cubic meters per hour (32,400,000 actual cubic feet per
hour), and on riser cell 7 averaged 900,000 actual cubic meters per hour
(32,100,000 actual cubic feet per hour). The stack temperature averaged 33°C
(91°F) for riser cell 6 and averaged 36°C (96°F) for riser cell 7. The
moisture content by volume for riser cells 6 and 7 was 4.9# and 5.9#,
respectively. The isokinetic sampling rates were also well within the
allowable limits for all ten runs on the high-efficiency cells.
Hexavalent Chromium Emissions - The emission concentrations and mass
emission rates for hexavalent chromium for the test runs on the fan cells on
t- '
the two risers equipped with high-efficiency drift eliminators are also
presented in Table 3-3. The hexavalent chromium concentrations for riser cells
6 and 7 averaged >0.0004l and >0.00047 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter
3-9
-------
of exhaust gas; >1.3 and >1-5 micrograms per gallon of water flow to the fan
cells; and >2.2 and >2.1 milligrams per million Btu's of heat removed from the
water, respectively. The mass emission rates for these two riser cells
averaged >343 and >373 milligrams per hour, respectively. The two runs
conducted on July 24, 1986 on riser cell 7 are not considered representative
because the water flow to the distribution basins was too low during testing;
therefore, the results for these runs were not included in the averages.
Total Chromium Emissions - The emission concentrations of total chromium
for the fan cells on risers 6 and 7. respectively, averaged >0.0004l and
>0.00047 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter; >1.3 and >1.5 micrograms per
gallon of water flow; and >2.2 and >2.1 milligrams per million Btu's of heat
removed from the water. The mass emission rates of total chromium for the same
two riser cells averaged >345 and >375 milligrams per hour, respectively.
The average PMRa for total chromium for the fan cells on riser cells 4
and 5 equipped with standard-efficiency drift eliminators was >537 mg/hr. For
the fan cells on riser cells 6 and 7 equipped with high-efficiency drift
eliminators, the average PMRa for total chromium was
>360 mg/hr.
3.2 DRIFT SIZE DISTRIBUTION
3.2.1 Sensitive Paper
The drift size distribution, as well as the drift rate, was measured by
ESC, using their sensitive paper (SP) technique, for each fan cell on the four
riser cells tested by Entropy. The total flux, the mean particle diameter for
mass and particle count, the mass emission rate, and a drift rate expressed as
a percent of water flow to the fan cell are presented in Table 3-4 for the
eight fan cells.
3-10
-------
TABLE 3.4. SUMMARY OF SENSITIVE PAPER (SP) DRIFT SIZE DATA
Riser Cell,
Fan Cell
Date
Total Flux
Mean Diameter
Mass Emission
Rate
grams/sec
Water
Flow
gpm
Drift
Rate
%
mass
2 6
(ug/m /aec) x 10
count
2 6
(#/ra /sec) x 10
mass
um
count
um
Riser Cell #4
r-» co
6/24
6/24
0.301
0.935
16.3
26.4
447
512
38
76
5.01
37.4
4061
4061
0.0020
0.0146
Riser Cell #5
5.9
5.10
6/25
6/25
0.722
0.575
19.9
21.1
398
433
82
60
28.9
19.1
4102
4102
0.0112
0.0074
Riser Cell #6
6.11
6.12
6/25
6/25
0.026
0.099
7.05
10.9
271
367
38
47
1.05
3.63
4315
4315
0.0004
0.0013
Riser Cell #7
7.13
7.14
6/27
6/27
0.018
0.021
5.64
2.75
376
416
40
48
0.72
0.82
4164
4164
0.0003
0.0003
3-11
-------
The mass mean diameter of the drift is that particle diameter at which half
the drift mass is composed of particles with diameters larger than the mean
diameter and half the mass is composed of particles with diameters smaller than
the mean diameter. For riser cells 4 and 5 equipped with standard-efficiency
drift eliminators, the mass mean diameter for the drift particles ranged from
398 to 512 micrometers (um) and averaged 448 um. For riser cells 6 and 7
equipped with high-efficiency drift eliminators, the mass mean diameter ranged
from 271 to 4l6 um and averaged 358 um. The type of drift eliminator appears
to have an effect on the particle size distribution with the high-efficiency
drift eliminator removing more of the larger particles.
3.2.2 Paired Train Particle Sizing
Two methods were used for estimating the percent of hexavalent chromium in
two particle size ranges. The first method involved the use of paired trains
with an "aligned nozzle train" and a "disc train" (described in Section 4.10).
The aligned nozzle train, which was used as a reference measurement, was
designed to collect all particle sizes isokinetically. The disc train was
operated at the same sampling rate as the nozzle train and was designed to
collect primarily the smaller particles (less than about 15 um). The purpose
of the paired train particle sizing was to determine the percent of the
chromium emissions associated with the smaller particles.
The second particle sizing method, the absorbent paper (AP) technique, was
evaluated as a screening method for cooling tower testing. Southern Research
Institute's (SoRI) Aerosol Science Division calcuated the cut sizes for both
particle sizing methods. Using the fan cell velocity and the inside diameter
of the disc train probe, SoRI calculated the diameter of particles collected at
50 percent efficiency (D,__) by the disc train. The D,__ for the disc train runs
pU 5U
ranged from 12.8 to 16.1 um (see Appendices A and C) with those particles
3-12
-------
less than that size being collected. The for the AP sampling device, which
collected primarily larger particles (30 um and up), ranged from 2k.4 to 30-9
vim with particles larger than that size being collected.
The ratios for the paired train measurements of hexavalent chromium
emission rates for runs 3. 4 and 5 (runs 1 and 2 were aborted) for fan cells
12, 14, and 11, respectively (equipped with high-efficiency drift eliminators)
are shown in Table 3-5* Since runs 1 and 2 were aborted, the percent of
chromium associated with a particle size less than 15 um could not determined
for these two runs. Compared to the nozzle train, the disc train collected ~35
to ~50 percent of the hexavalent chromium. (Since both numbers are based on an
undetermined amount, the bias on the results are unknown.) This suggests that
a significant portion of the chromium emissions from the fan cells equipped
with high-efficiency drift eliminators are associated with particles less than
15 um in diameter.
The second particle sizing method involved using the AP device attached to
the traversing impinger train. The percent of the chromium associated with
particles greater than the 30 um cut size was calculated using the ratio of the
PMRa values for the AP device and the corresponding impinger (IMP) train run
values (see Table 3-5)• The ratio of the AP to impinger train values averaged
<104.6 percent and <209 percent for riser cells 4 and 5, respectively. For the
riser cells with the high-efficiency drift eliminators (cells 6 and 7) the
ratios ranged from <28.0 to <95-4 percent.
The sum of the collection (percent hexavalent chromium) by the AP device
and the disc train should approximate the collection (100 percent) by the
nozzle train. While the AP samples were not collected in a paired train
configuration with the paired particle sizing trains, they were paired with the
impinger trains as they traversed the stack. The sum of disc-to-nozzle
3-13
-------
TABLE 3.5. SUM1ARY OF PARTICLE SIZING DATA FOR HIGH-EFFICIENCY DRIFT ELIMINATORS
USING DISC TRAIN (CUT SIZE <15 urn) AND ABSORBENT PAPER (CUT SIZE >30 um)
Run
No.
Emission Rate
~ 6
Cr *
Ratio of Disc
to Nozzle
Run
Nos.
Emission Rate
+6
Cr *
Ratio of
Absorbent Paper to
Disc Train
plus Absorbent
Train Value
Impinger Value
Paper
mg/hr
%
mg/hr
avg.
%
%
High-Efficiency Drift Eliminators, Riser Cells 6 and 7
16-12-3
>99.4
50
6-(12.11)-3(AP)
6-(11.12)-4(AP)
142
442
292
<78.1
<128
Z6-12-3
>197.1
6-(12,ll)-3(IMP)
6-(11,12)-4(IMP)
>637
>110
>374
17-14-4
>70.9
~ 35
6-(12.11)-5(AP)
7-(14,13)-6(AP)
510
111
310
<95.4
<130
NZ7-14-4
>204.4
6-(12,ll)-5(IMP)
7-(14.13)-6(IMP)
>281
>369
>325
DI6-11-5
>208.4
~ 49
7-(14.13)-7(AP)
7-(13,14)-8(AP)
92.6
95.0
93.8
<28.0
<77
NZ6-11-5
>426.2
7-(14,13)-7(IMP)
7-(13,14)-8(IMP)
>340
>327
>334
Standard-
Efficiency Drift Eliminators, Riser Cells 4 and 5
4-(8,7)-1(AP)
4-(7,8)-2(AP)
4-(7,8)-6(AP)
343
343
1135
607
<104.6
4-(8,7)-1(IMP)
4-(7,8)-2(IMP)
4-(7,8)-6(IMP)
>344
>544
>852
>580
5-(10,9)-3(AP)
5-(9,10)-4(AP)
5-(10,9)-5(AP)
815
1032
1052
966
<209
5-(10,9)-3(IMP)
5-(9,10)-4(IMP)
5-(10,9)-5(IMP)
>391
>757
>240
>463
~Values for chromium are biased significantly low because of loss of chromium during sample concentration.
3-14
-------
percents and AP-to-traversing train percents for the three runs are also
presented in Table 3«5« The sums of the two percentage ratios for runs 3t
and 5 were <128, <130, and <77 percent, respectively.
3.3 SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM AND TOTAL CHROMIUM
3.3-1 Cooling Water Samples
Two analytical techniques (see Figure 4.4) were used for the analysis of
hexavalent chromium and total chromium in the cooling water samples. A portion
of each cooling water sample was analyzed by RTI for the hexavalent chromium
concentration using the diphenylcarbizide colorimetric procedure. Another
10-ml aliquot of each cooling water sample was filtered through a 1.0 um
pore-size Teflon filter. The filter, which was used to catch the insoluble
trivalent chromium (Cr+^) residue, was then analyzed for total chromium by
NAA. The sum of the hexavalent chromium (Cr+^) and the residue on the filter
(Cr+^) then represents the total chromium content of the cooling water.
The results of the hexavalent chromium analysis of the cooling water
samples presented in Table 3*6 show a range of 7-64 to 8.62 micrograms per
milliliter (ug/ml) of hexavalent chromium. These results are close to the
facility's target value for chromate in the cooling water. The target value of
18 to 20 ug/ml chromate corresponds to 8.1 to 9-0 ug/ml of hexavalent chromium
after correcting for the molecular weight difference between chromium and
chromate. The relative error of RTI's hexavalent chromium analysis was + 1.0#
(see Table 5-1 in Section 5) for a 1 ug/ml hexavalent chromium solution
prepared by Entropy by a 100-fold dilution of a 100 ug/ml hexavalent chromium
audit sample acquired from the U. S. EPA, Quality Assurance Division (QAD).
3-15
-------
TABLE 3.6. SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR COOLING WATER SAMPLES
Sample
Run
Sample
No.
Chromium
No.
Type
Analyzed
(ug/ml)
Riser Cell 4
4-1
Cooling Water (Cr+6)
P-l
7-97
4-1
Cooling Water (Cr+3)
1-R
0.013
4-1
Cooling Water (Total Cr)
7.98 *
4-2
Cooling Water (Cr+6)
P-2
7-99
4-2
Cooling Water (Cr+3)
2-R
0.080
4-2
Cooling Water (Total Cr)
8.07 *
4-6
Cooling Water (Cr+6)
P-3
8.62
4-6
Cooling Water (Cr+3)
3-R
0.068
4-6
Cooling Water (Total Cr)
8.69 *
Riser Cell 5
5-3
Cooling Water (Cr+6)
P-4
8.04
5-3
Cooling Water (Cr+3)
4-R
0.208
5-3
Cooling Water (Total Cr)
8.25 *
5-4
Cooling Water (Cr+6)
P-5
7.64
5-4
Cooling Water (Cr+3)
5-R
0.450
5-4
Cooling Water (Total Cr)
8.09 *
5-5
Cooling Water (Cr+6)
P-6
8.52
5-5
Cooling Water (Cr+3)
6-R
0.105
5-5
Cooling Water (Total Cr)
8.63 *
Riser Cell 6
6-3
Cooling Water (Cr+6)
P-7
8.09
6-3
Cooling Water (Cr+3)
7-R
0.090
6-3
Cooling Water (Total Cr)
8.18 *
6-4
Cooling Water (Cr+6)
P-8
8.09
6-4
Cooling Water (Cr+3)
8-R
0.022
6-4
Cooling Water (Total Cr)
8.11 *
6-5
Cooling Water (Cr+6)
P-9
8.52
6-5
Cooling Water (Cr+3)
8-r
0.061
6-5
Cooling Water (Total Cr)
8.58 *
3-16
-------
TABLE 3-6 (continued)
Sample
Run
Sample
No.
Chromium
No.
Type
Analyzed
(ug/ml)
Riser Cell 7
7-1
Cooling Water (Cr+6)
P-10
7-99
7-1
Cooling Water (Cr+3)
10-R
0.036
7-1
Cooling Water (Total Cr)
8.03 *
7-2
Cooling Water (Cr+6)
P-ll
7-99
7-2
Cooling Water (Cr+3)
11-R
0.043
7-2
Cooling Water (Total Cr)
8.03 *
7-6
Cooling Water (Cr+6)
P-12
8.50
7-6
Cooling Water (Cr+3)
12-R
0.055
7-6
Cooling Water (Total Cr)
8.56 *
7-7
Cooling Water (Cr+6)
P-13
8.32
7-7
Cooling Water (Cr+3)
13-R
0.053
7-7
Cooling Water (Total Cr)
8.37 *
7-8
Cooling Water (Cr+6)
P-14
8.29
7-8
Cooling Water (Cr+3)
14-r
0.043
7-8
Cooling Water (Total Cr)
8.33 *
7-(13)-9
Cooling Water (Cr+6)
p-15
8.29
7-(13)-9
Cooling Water (Cr+3)
15-R
0.041
7-(l3)-9
Cooling Water (Total Cr)
8.33 *
7-(14)-9
Cooling Water (Cr+6)
P-16
8.32
7-(14)-9
Cooling Water (Cr+3)
16-R
0.048
7-(l4)-9
Cooling Water (Total Cr)
8.37 *
* This value represents the total chromium content of the cooling water and
is the sum of the hexavalent chromium (Cr+6) measured by the diphenylcarbizide
wet chemical method and the trivalent chromium (Cr +3) which is the chromium
measured by NAA in the filtered residue of the cooling water sample.
3-17
-------
The levels of trivalent chromium determined using NAA shown in Table 3-6
ranged from 0.013 to 0.^50 ug/ml. The ratios of hexavalent chromium to total
chromium in the cooling water ranged from 0.9^4 to 0.999 (94.4^ to 99•9%
hexavalent chromium). The percent hexavalent chromium value determined for
each water sample collected was used to calculate the hexavalent chromium
emissions from the total chromium emissions measured by the impinger train for
that corresponding run.
The first and last cooling water samples collected were also analyzed for
calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), pH, and
conductivity. The results of these analyses are presented in Table 3-7-
TABLE 3.7. MINERAL CONTENT AND OTHER CHARACTERISTICS OF
SELECTED COOLING WATER SAMPLES
Run
Sample
Cr
Ca
Mg
Mn
Na
+ 6
Cr
ph
Conduc t ivi ty
No .
ug/ml
ug/ml
ug/ml
ug/ral
ug/ml
ug/ml
rmhos/cm
4-1
P-l
7 - 9^
155
86.0
<0.005
381
7-97
6.08
2956
7-(l4)-9
p-16
8.17
157
81.0
0.008
383
8-32
5.88
3027
3-3-2 Impinger Train Samples
The impinger train samples, consisting of the impinger contents and rinses,
the probe rinses, and the filter, were analyzed principally by RTI using
graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAA). The chromium in each sample was
first solubilized using nitric acid so that the GFAA analysis which measures
only soluble chromium would yield results for total chromium. A small
correction factor was added to the sample results to account for a prior NAA
analysis of a small aliquot of each sample (see example calculations in
Appendix A). The analytical results for the samples from each impinger train
3-18
-------
run and each paired train particle sizing run are presented in Table 3-8. „Each
result was blank corrected using the results of a DI water or a DI water filter
blank.
3-3-3 Absorbent Papers
The analytical results for the absorbent paper measurements are also
presented in Table 3-8. For these samples, the entire 47mm paper was submitted
directly to NCSU for NAA. The results in Table 3-8 were blank corrected using
the analytical results for a blank AP (Sample No. P-44).
3.3.4 Blanks, Quality Assurance Samples, and Recovery Samples
The results of the analyses for the blanks, the quality assurance samples,
and the recovery samples are also presented in Table 3-8. Blanks for the
cooling water analysis consisted of a DI water blank filtered through the
1.0 um pore-size Teflon filter with the filtrate being collected for analysis.
The filter and a 1.0-ml aliquot of the DI water filtrate were submitted separ-
ately for analysis. The blanks for the Method 13~type impinger trains and
paired particle sizing trains consisted of a blank Teflon filter identical to
the ones used in the sampling trains and 500 ml of DI water concentrated to
approximately 25 milliliters, and just DI water alone concentrated. Each
analytical result was blank corrected using the appropriate blank value. The
results of the analyses of the quality assurance samples (audit samples
described above) are also presented in Table 3-8 and discussed in Section 5.0.
To assess the recovery of chromium following the concentration of the
impinger samples, two approaches were taken. First, a 500 ml sample of DI
water was spiked with 1.0 ug of hexavalent chromium and the sample was
concentrated to approximately 25 ml. The concentrated sample was submitted for
NAA and the percent recovery for chromium was calculated to be 67-5 percent.
3-19
-------
TABLE 3.8. SUMMARY OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR CHROMIUM
Total
Total
Run
Sample
Sample
Amount of
Chromium
Chromium
No.
Type
No.
Sample
by NAA
by GFAA***
Analyzed
(ug)
(ug)
Standard-Efficiency Drift Eliminator, Riser Cell 4, Cooling Tower C-637-2A
4-(8,7)"l
Impinger Contents &. Filter
P-18
25-7502g
>0.9481
4-(8,7)-l
Absorbent Paper
P-18-P
13.2 cm
25.743
4-(7.8)-2
Impinger Contents & Filter
P-19
25.8359?g
>1.4246
4-(7,8)-2
Absorbent Paper
P-19-P
13.2 cm
25.844
4-(7,8)-6
Impinger Contents L Filter
P-20
26.9903?g
>2.2278
4-(7.8)-6
Absorbent Paper
P-20-P
13.2 cm
83.976
Standard-Efficiency Drift Eliminator, Riser Cell 5. Cooling Tower C-637"2A
5-(l0.9)-3
Impinger Contents & Filter
P-21
28.3754_g
>1.1040
5-(lO,9)-3
Absorbent Paper
P-21-P
13.2 cm
61.181
5-(9.l0)-4
Impinger Contents & Filter
P-22
28.0081 g
>2.2023
5-(9.lO)-4
Absorbent Paper
P-22-P
13.2 cm
78.566
5-(lO,9)-5
Impinger Contents & Filter
P-23
28.0585Pg
>0.6664
5-(10,9 -5
Absorbent Paper
P-23-P
13.2 cm
78.009
High-Efficiency Drift Eliminator, Riser
Cell 6, Cooling Tower C-637~2A
6-(12,11)-3
Impinger Contents &. Filter
P-24
26.3816 g
>1.6158
6-(12,11)-3
Absorbent Paper
P-24-P
13.2 cm
11.024
6-(ll,12)-4
Impinger Contents &. Filter
P-25
29-3659Pg
>0.2878
6-(12,11)-4
Absorbent Paper
P-25-P
13.2 cm
32.968
6-(12,ll)-5
Impinger Contents & Filter
P-26
27-^259 g
>0.7389
6-(l2,ll)-5
Absorbent Paper
P-26-P
13.2 cm
37.941
High-Efficiency Drift Eliminator, Riser
Cell 7. Cooling Tower C-637~2A
7-(l4,13)-l
Impinger Contents & Filter
P-27
27.8211
>6.1154
7-(l4,13)-l
Absorbent Paper
P-27-P1
13.2 cm^
6.553
7-(l4,l3)-l
Absorbent Paper
P-27-P2
13.2 cm
3.765
7-(l4,l4)-2
Impinger Contents &. Filter
P-28
28.5594_g
>0.4719
7-(l4,l4)-2
Absorbent Paper
P-28-P
13.2 cm
4.424
7-(l4,13)-6
Impinger Contents & Filter
P-29
26.9700 g
>0.9307
7-(l4,13)-6
Absorbent Paper
P-29-P
1,736 cm
8.797
7-(l4,13)-7
Impinger Contents L Filter
P-30
27.08l7?g
>0.8875
7-(l4,13)-7
Absorbent Paper
P-30-P
13.2 cm
7.447
7-(13.l4)-8
Impinger Contents & Filter
P-31
25-8959?g
>0.8241
7-(l3,l4)-8
Absorbent Paper
P-31-P
13.2 cm
7.628
7-(13)-9
Impinger Contents & Filter
P-32
26.5688pg
>0.4318
7-(i3)-9
Absorbent Paper
P-32-P
13.2 cm
6.066
7-(1^)-9
Impinger Contents & Filter
P-33
26.1163 g
>0.6489
7-(1*0-9
Absorbent Paper
P-33-P
13.2 cm
3.087
(continued)
3-20
-------
TABLE 3•8. (continued)
Total
Total
Run
Sample
Sample
Amount of
Chromium
Chromium
No.
Type
No.
Sample
by NAA
by GFAA***
Analyzed
(ug)
(ug)
Particle Sizing, High-Efficiency Drift Eliminator, Riser Cells 6
and 7
DI7-(1*0-1
Disc Particle Sizing
P-34
27.0821 g
>3.9289
Dl6-(12)-3
Disc Particle Sizing
P-35
25.8623 g
>0.5007
DI7-(14)-4
Disc Particle Sizing
P-36
26.5216 g
>0.3636
Di6-(ll)-5
Disc Particle Sizing
P-37
27.0918 g
>1.0752
nz7-(i4)-i*
Nozzle Particle Sizing
P-1001
29.2290 g
>38.5229
nz6-(12)-3
Nozzle Particle Sizing
P"39
28.199 g
>0.9423
NZ7-(i4)-4
Nozzle Particle Sizing
P-40
28.401 g
>1.0792
NZ6-(ll)-5
Nozzle Particle Sizing
P-4l
25.1155 g
>2.0823
Particle Sizing, Standard-Efficiency Drift Eliminator, Riser Cell 5
DI5-(10)-2*
Disc Particle Sizing
P-1002
26.3918 g
>0.9842
NZ5-(10)-2
Nozzle Particle Sizing
P-38
28.4093 g
>5.2074
Blanks, Quality Assurance, and Recovery Samples
Impin & Filter-Blank Value
*#
0.1
Impin 1 & Rinse-Blk Value
*#
0.1
Impin 2- Blank Value
*#
0.04
Impin 3 & Filter-Blk Value
*#
0.02
Absorbent Paper Blank
P-44
0.331
DI H_0 Blank (Filtrate)
17-F
0.018
DI H_0 Blank (Residue)
17-R
0.039
QA Sample 1
P-46
1 ug Cr
1.227
QA Sample 2
P-47
100 ug/L Cr
86.2 (ug/L)
QA Sample 2
P-48
0.1 ug Cr ,
0.081
Cone. Recovery
P-51
1.0 ug Cr
0.675
Residue Recovery
P-52
13.923
Residue Recovery
P-53
<0.05
Aqua Regia Blank
P-54
<0.05
*#Runs aborted due to sampling train malfunctions.
Blank values calculated from GFAA results for samples: P-42, P-43, Blank-f,
***Blank, Blank 1, and Blank 2.
Values for chromium are biased significantly low because of loss of chromium
during sample concentration.
3-21
-------
For the second approach, any possible residue remaining in two of the
containers used to concentrate the impinger samples was dissolved with aqua
regia by sonication and this solution was submitted for NAA. The two
containers were selected based on the GFAA analysis, with the sample having the
lowest concentration of soluble chromium (P-27) and one with the highest
concentration of soluble chromium (P-38) being selected. The residue recovered
from sample P-52 (from P-27), as measured by NAA contained 13.923 ug of total
chromium and sample P-53 (from P-38) contained less than 0.05 ug. The results
of the concentration recovery sample and residue recovery samples suggested
that the sample concentration procedure may have been a source of analytical
variability. Later tests, in which the residue in all beakers used for
concentrating samples was measured confirmed this possibility and the residue
values were included in the sample results.
3.4 ABSORBENT PAPER SAMPLING
A sampling protocol using absorbent paper (filter paper) was evaluated as
part of an effort to develop a screening method for cooling tower emission
testing. The absorbent paper, held in a device similar to the SP holder, was
exposed to the rising drift emissions by being attached to the traversing
impinger train. The traversing AP allowed the use of the impinger train
results as a reference to determine the sample collection efficiency of the
AP's. The AP catch of total chromium was determined by placing the AP directly
into a 2-ml vial and submitting the sample for NAA.
A PMRa for each of the AP tests was calculated using the exposed area of
the paper (diameter of 4lmm) (see Appendix A). These results are presented in
Table 3>9 for comparison with the PMRa's calculated for the impinger train
samples. The PMRa values for the AP's are generally greater than the PMRa's
calculated for the impinger trains for the standard-efficiency drift eliminator
3-22
-------
TABLE 3.9. COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENT METHODS FOR TOTAL CHROMIUM EMISSIONS
Pollutant Mass Rate by Ratio of Areas (mg/hr)
Drift
Total Chromium
Total Chromium by
Run
Eliminator
by Impinger Train *
Absorbent Papers
Number
Design
(GFAA)
(NAA)
Riser Cell No. 4
(8,7)-1
Standard
> 345
352
4-(7,8)-2
Standard
> 549
354
4-(7,8)-6
Standard
> 859
1.149
Average
> 584
618
Riser Cell No. 5
5-(10,9)-3
Standard
> 426
837
5-(9,10)-4
Standard
> 801
1,075
5-(10,9)-5
Standard
> 242
1,067
Average
> 490
993
Riser Cell No. 6
6-(12,ll)-3
High
> 644
151
6-(ll,12)-4
High
> 110
451
6-(12,ll)-5
High
> 281
519
Average
> 345
374
Riser Cell No. 7
7-(l4,13)-l**
High
> 2438
l4l
7-(14,14)-2**
High
> 181
61
7-(l4,13)-6
High
> 371
120
7-(l4,13)-7
High
> 342
102
7-(l3.l4)-8
High
> 329
104
7-(13)~9
High
> 331
166
7-(14)-9
High
> 501
84
Average
> 375
115
* Values for chromium are biased significantly low because of loss of
chromium during sample concentration.
** Results for these runs not included in averages because water flow
rate to the riser during testing was too low.
3-23
-------
tests and lower than the impinger train PMRa's for the high-efficiency drift
eliminator tests. This could be partly explained by the 30 um cut size
calculated for the AP device, with only particles greater than 30 um being
collected, and the association of the majority of the chromium emissions with
particles less than 15 um (see Section 3*2.2).
The evaluation of this screening method will continue on future cooling
tower tests and a separate report will be produced summarizing the results of
the screening tests. Also in the screening test summary report, the evaluation
of the use of sodium bromide as a surrogate for cooling tower emission tests
will be discussed.
3-5 DRIFT RATE DETERMINATION
Drift rates for each sampling run were calculated as a percent of water
flow to the individual risers being tested (see Appendix A). The water flow
measurements, determined by ESC, are presented in Table 3>10. When used for
the drift rate calculations, the water flow values shown in Table 3-10 were
divided by two to estimate the water flow to an individual fan cell, since the
PMRa values used to calculate the drift, rates were for individual fan cells.
The drift rates from the impinger train results and the AP results were
calculated using the PMRa for hexavalent chromium, and the ratio of hexavalent
chromium-to-total chromium in the cooling water at the time of the sampling
run. The assumption was made that the concentration of chromium in the drift
was the same as the concentration of chromium in the cooling water. The drift
rates for the impinger train samples and the AP samples were calculated using
the following formula:
% Drift Rate = Cr+6 PMRa (mg/hr) x 1 hr/60 min x 1Q
+6
Cr in water (mg/1) x water flow (gpm) x 3-785 L/gal
3-24
-------
TABLE 3.10. WATER FLOW RATE MEASUREMENTS
Flow Rate
Date
Time of
Ambient
Flow
Purpose of Test/
Test #
Measurement
Temperature
Rate
Comments
F
gpm
Riser Cell #4
4
6/23
15:00
87
8399
Check for tower set-up
5
6/24
12:00
87
8122
Pre-drift test measurement
14
6/26
13:00
91
8985
Post valve adjustment check
15
6/26
13:30
92
8562
Post valve adjustment check within limits
Riser Cell #5
7
6/24
15:00
90
8404
Post valve adjustment
10
6/25
9:00
75
8203
Pre-drift test check
11
6/26
8:00
78
8261
Post test check
Riser Cell #6
8
6/24
15:30
89
8879
Post valve adjustment
9
6/25
8:00
72
8630
Pre-drift measurement check within limits
12
6/26
8:30
82
8623
Post test check
Riser Cell #7
1
6/23
13:00
85
9113
Check for tower set-up
2
6/23
13:47
85
9394
Post valve adjustment check
3
6/23
14:15
87
8522
Post valve adjustment check
within
limits
6
6/24
13:30
89
7244
Pre-drift test measurement
13
6/26
12:00
89
8222
Post valve adjustment check
within
limits
16
6/26
14:10
92
8270
Post valve adjustment check
wtihin
limits
17
6/26
15:30
91
8752
Post test check
18
6/27
8:00
85
8328
Pre-test check
Flow rate should be divided by two to estimate flow rates for individual fan cells within a specific riser.
3-25
-------
The calculated drift rates for each run are presented in Table 3-H•
Drift rate as a percent of water flow was also calculated using the mass
emission rate of drift (not chromium) determined by the ESC SP method. The
drift was assumed to have a specific gravity of 1 gram per milliliter (g/ml).
The drift rate was calculated from the ESC data using the following formula:
./ tn . #>. t-v . Mass Emission Rate x 60 sec/min . .A1/
% Drift Rate = x lOO* — -
1 g/ml x water flow (gpm) x 3785-3 ml/gal
The calculated drift rates from the SP results are presented in Table 3-H as
the average fan cell drift rates for each riser cell tested.
3-26
-------
TABLE 3.11. COMPARISON OF MEASUREMENT METHODS FOR DRIFT RATES
Drift Rate as a Percent of
Water Flow
Drift
Run
Eliminator
Impinger Train *
Absorbent Paper
Sensitive Paper
Number
Design
(GFAA)
(NAA)
(NAA)
Riser Cell No. 4
4-(8,7)-l
Standard
> 0.0047#
0.00482
4-(7.8)-2
Standard
> 0.00752
0.00482
4-(7.8)-6
Standard
> 0.0102%
0.01432
Average
> 0.00742
0.00802
0.00832
Riser Cell No.
5
5-(lO,9)-3
Standard
> 0.00572
0.01092
5-(9.lO)-4
Standard
> 0.01132
0.01432
5-(io.9)-5
Standard
> 0.00292
0.01332
Average
> 0.00662
0.01282
0.00932
Riser Cell No.
6
6-(12tll)-3
High
> 0.00812
0.00192
6-(ll,12)-4
High
> 0.00142
0.00572
6-(l2,ll)-5
High
> 0.00342
0.00622
Average
> 0.00432
0.00462
0.00092
Riser Cell No.
7
7-(l4,13)-l**
High
> 0.03712
0.00192
7-(l4,l4)-2*#
High
> 0.00282
0.00082
7-(l4,13)-6
High
> 0.00472
0.00152
7-(l4,13)-7
High
> 0.00432
0.00132
7-(l3,l4)-8
High
> 0.00422
0.00132
7-(13)-9
High
> 0.00422
0.00212
7-(14)-9
High
> 0.00642
0.00112
Average
> 0.00482
0.00152
0.00032
* Values for chromium are biased significantly low because of loss
of chromium during sample.
** Results for these runs not included in averages because water flow
rate to the riser during testing was too low.
3-27
-------
4.0 SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND TEST METHODS
This section describes the sampling locations and test methods used to
characterize emissions from the mechanical draft crossflow cooling tower at the
Department of Energy's Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant in Paducah, Kentucky.
Eight fan cell stacks (four each on two high-efficiency riser cells and two
standard-efficiency riser cells) on cooling tower C-637-2A were sampled to
measure chromium emission and drift rates, drift size distribution, and exhaust
gas velocity. In addition, the water flow was measured to each of the four
riser cells tested and cooling water samples were taken from each of the four
riser cells for analysis of hexavalent and total chromium. Meteorological
data collected by the National Weather Service (NWS) at the Paducah Airport was
used for calculations. The relative positions and the type of testing
conducted at each location are shown in the simplified process flow diagram
(see Figure 4.1) and accompanying Table 4.1. The subsections which follow
further describe each sampling location and the applicable test methods.
4.1 HIGH-EFFICIENCY RISER CELLS NO. 6 and 7 (Sampling Location A)
Emissions testing for chromium and drift emissions, and drift size
distribution determinations by several methods were conducted at the two riser
cells (Nos. 6 and 7 with high-efficiency drift eliminators) on crossflow
Cooling Tower C-637-2A (Sampling Location A). As shown in Figure 4.1, each
riser cell had two fan cells; fan cell Nos. 11 and 12 were associated with
4-1
-------
N
WATER DISTRIBUTION
DECKS
C-637-2A (SOUTH)
I I
© ©
A — —
© ©
© ©
B
® ©
©! ©
© j ©
© | ©
|
I
i i
A A A f f A A
7 6 5 T 4 3 T 2 T
RISER CELL NOS.
"H" SUPPLY
"H" RETURN
MAKEUP
WATER
FIGURE 4.1. SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR TESTING CONDUCTED ON COOLING TOWER C-637-2A
-------
TABLE 4.1. SAMPLING PLAN FOR PADUCAH GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANT
Sample Type
Sampling
Location
Number
of Runs
Methods+
Total Chromium
and Drift Emissions
A
3*
EPA Method 13~type impinger
train w/GFAA analysis
Total Chromium
and Drift Emissions
B
6
EPA Method 13~type impinger
train w/GFAA analysis
Drift Size
Distribution
A,B
4 (A)
1 (B)**
Disc train w/GFAA analysis
Drift Size
Distribution
A,B
4 (A)**
1 (B)
Aligned nozzle train w/GFAA
analysis
Drift Size
Distribution
A.B
9 (A)
6 (B)
Absorbent paper w/ NAA analysis
Drift Size
Distribution
A.B
4 (A)
4 (B)
Propeller anemometer and ESC
Sensitive Paper System (SP) with
microscopic analysis
Recirculating Water
Flowrate
C,D
At least
once per
day when
testing
riser cell
Calibrated pitot tube traverse
Cooling Water
Samples
E
16 Grab
Cr and NAA (Cr ) analysis
Meteorological Data
Paducah
Airport
(NWS)
Hourly
Dry bulb temperatures, humidity,
wind speed, and wind direction
+GFAA - Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption; NAA - Neutron Activation Analysis;
ICAP - Inductively-Coupled Argon Plasmography
*
Results from two runs in this group not presented because water flow to the
riser during testing was too low.
**
One run from these groups aborted due to sampling train malfunction.
-------
riser cell No. 6 and fan cell Nos. 13 and 14 were associated with riser cell
No. 7-
Each fan cell stack was approximately 22 feet in diameter at the plane of
the fan blade and 23.5 feet in diameter at the exit plane (see Figure 4.2).
Sampling probes connected to sampling train boxes containing the impingers were
introduced into the flow from the exit of the fan cell stack and were suspended
from a monorail to facilitate traversing the stack. The plane of the nozzle
was located approximately 15 inches below the stack exit plane. The propeller
anemometer used to measure the axial component of the exhaust gas flow was
located 3 to 5 inches above the sampling point.
A Method 13~type impinger train was used for chromium and drift emissions
sample collection. Each fan stack was traversed along one axis at 12 points
following the draft method (Appendix C). Equivalent testing (one traverse
each) of the two fan cell stacks comprising one riser or two traverses of the
same fan cell stack constituted one run and yielded one sample. Each of the 24
points was sampled for 5 minutes for a total of 120 minutes of sampling per
run. Propeller anemometer data was taken at each traverse point during
sampling to be used in calculating the mass emission rate.
Absorbent paper testing (see Section 4.12) was conducted in conjunction
wtih the impinger train testing. The absorbent paper in an SP holder was
attached to the traversing impinger train probe and exposed to the same drift
emissions that the impinger train was sampling.
Paired train test runs using the "disc" and "aligned nozzle" particle
sizing trains (see Section 4.10) were all conducted at a single point in the
particular fan cell tested. All of the paired train runs except for the first
one were 240 minutes in length; the first run was conducted overnight and was
952 minutes in length.
4-4
-------
TRAVERSE POINTS
1 AXIS
12 POINTS/AXIS
12 TOTAL POINTS
23.5' DIA.
POINT
95 OF
DIAMETER
DISTANCE
FROM INSIDE
WALL
1
2.1
5.625"
2
6.7
17.875"
3
11.8
31.5"
4
17.7
47.25"
5
25.0
66.75"
6
35.6
95"
7
64.4
172"
8
75.0
200.25"
9
82.3
219.75"
10
88.2
235.5"
11
93.3
249.125"
12
97.9
261.375"
i
ui
JL
9"
T~
15"
23.5'
MONORAIL
PROPELLER
ANEMOMETER
- 6'
f
27"
JL
SAMPLING
TRAIN
22'
FIGURE 4.2. CUTAWAY VIEW OF FAN CELL STACK ON COOLING TOVER C-637-2A SHOVWG SAMPLW3
EQUPMENT LOCATIONS AND NOZZLE TRAVERSE PLANE.
-------
The sensitive paper (SP) particle size distribution testing was conducted
once on each fan cell in riser cells 6 and 7. Each fan cell was tested at
twelve equal area points (see Figure 4.3). Sensitive papers of 47 mm diameter
were exposed at each test point. Exposure times were selected as to produce
samples with a sufficient number of stains to allow confidence in the resultant
droplet size distribution, but also prevent overlapping stains. Local updraft
air velocity values were taken at each of the twelve equal area points using a
Gill propeller anemometer and a Fluke digital multimeter.
4.2 STANDARD-EFFICIENCY RISER CELLS NO. 4 AND 5 (SAMPLING LOCATION B)
Emissions sampling for chromium and drift size distribution determinations
by the methods described above were also conducted on two of the riser cells
(Nos. 4 and 5) on cooling tower C-637-2A having standard-efficiency drift
eliminators (Sampling Location B).
Fan cell Nos. 7 and 8 were associated with riser cell No. 4 and fan cell
Nos. 9 and 10 with riser cell No. 5- All tests conducted at Sampling Location
B were performed as described for those conducted at Sampling Location A. One
of the paired train test run using the "disc" and "aligned nozzle" particle
sizing trains was longer than the standard 240 minutes at 929 minutes and was
conducted overnight on the first day of testing.
4.3 HOT WATER RISER PIPES 4 & 5 ^d 6 & 7 (Sampling Locations C and D)
Circulating water flow rate was determined by traversing the hot water
riser pipe of each riser tested using a calibrated pitot tube. The pitot
differential pressure was recorded at ten equal area points on the pipe
diameter for each riser. The pitot tube traverse procedure and calibration
data can be found in Appendices C and D, respectively.
4-6
-------
POINTS
7-12
MEASUREMENT PLANE
OF FAN STACK
CELL 7
CELL 6
CELL 5
CELL 4
IA
Q
HW
RISER
Q
HW
RISER
P)HW
RISER
fVw
RISER
VALVE FOR
PITOT ACCESS
* TYPICAL MEASUREMENT
PLANE OF FAN STACK
NOTE: TEST CELLS 4 AND 5 CONTAINED
"LOW EFFICIENCY" DRIFT ELIMINATORS
AND TEST CELLS 6 AND 7 CONTAINED
"HIGH EFFICIENCY" DRIFT ELIMINATORS
FIGURE 4.3
SECTION OF COOLING TCfrJER C-637-2A SHOWING SAMPLING
LOCATIONS FOR ESC SENSITIVE PAPER AND WATER FLOW
MEASUREMENTS
-------
4.4 COLD WATER WELL (Sampling Location E)
During each emissions test run, a cooling water sample was taken from the
recirculating water in the cold water well in the pump house. These samples
were taken by hand and stored in 500 ml glass jars. Each sample was analyzed
by HTI for hexavalent chromium (wet chemical method). Aliquots of each water
sample were filtered through 1.0 urn pore-size Teflon filters and the filter,
which was designed to catch the insoluble trivalent chromium (Cr+^) residue,
was analyzed for total chromium by NCSU using NAA.
4.5 AMBIENT METER0L0GICAL STATION
Meterological data collected on an hourly basis by the National Weather
Service at Paducah Airport (see Appendix E) were used for calculations; these
data are summarized in Chapter 2.
4.6 VELOCITY AND GAS TEMPERATURE
A propeller anemometer was used to determine the total flow velocity in the
axial direction at each sampling point as described in the draft test method
(see Appendix C). The temperature at each sampling point was measured using a
thermocouple and digital readout.
4.7 MOLECULAR WEIGHT
Flue gas composition was essentially that of the ambient air drawn into the
cooling tower via the fan. Therefore, the dry molecular weight and composition
of air was used.
4.8 CHROMIUM COLLECTED BY IMPINGER TRAINS
Method 5~type sampling procedures, as described in the Federal Register,*
were used with the Method 13-type trains to measure chromium and drift
4-8
-------
emissions at Sampling Locations A and B (see draft test method in Appendix,C).
Sampling trains consisted of a heated, glass-lined probe and a series of
Greenburg-Smith impingers (two containing 100 ml of deionized-distilled water,
one empty and one with silica gel) with a 3~inch nominal Teflon filter located
between the third and fourth impinger. A deionized distilled water rinse of
the nozzle, probe, appropriate filter holder portions, and impingers of the
sampling train was made at the end of each test. This rinse was added to the
impinger and filter sample. The entire sample was typically concentrated to
approximately 25 or 30 ml.
The total chromium content of the cooling tower exhaust samples was
determined by RTI using graphite furnace atomic absorption (GFAA) with prior
solubilization of the chromium in the sample using nitric acid.
4.9 CHROMIUM IN COOLING WATER
Cooling water samples collected were analyzed by RTI for hexavalent
chromium using the diphenylcarbizide wet chemical method. Also, a 10-ml
aliquot of each cooling water sample was filtered through a 1.0 um pore-size
Teflon filter, and the residue on the filter (insoluble trivalent chromium) was
analyzed for total chromium by NCSU using NAA (see Figure 4.4).
4.10 DRIFT SIZING USING ALIGNED NOZZLE AND DISC TRAINS
Paired aligned nozzle and disc trains were used to estimate the percent
chromium in drift particles smaller than a certain size. The disc train
consisted of the impinger train set-up described in Section 4.8 with the
exception that no nozzle was attached to the probe and a plexiglass disc was
*40 CFR 60, Appendix A, Reference Methods 2, 3t and 5. July 1, 1980.
4-9
-------
FIGURE 4.4. FLOW CHART FOR ANALYSIS OF COOLING WATER SAMPLES.
3505DR0I4
4-10
-------
attached in the plane of the flow around the opening of the probe. This
configuration was designed to collect the majority of drift particles less than
a certain diameter.
The aligned nozzle train was run at the same time as the disc train at the
same single sampling point to serve as a reference measurement for collection of
all sizes of drift particles. It was identical to the impinger train used. The
nozzle was aligned directly with the flow at the point sampled; the exact flow
direction and delta P at that point was determined using a three-dimensional
pitot tube.
The catches from each train were analyzed as previously described for the
chromium emissions and drift testing.
4.11 SENSITIVE PAPER TESTING
Sensitive Paper (SP) testing was used to measure drift rate and size
distribution. The SP testing relies on droplet collection by inertial impaction
on water-sensitive paper held perpendicular to the flow. This paper is
chemically treated so the impinging droplet generates a well-defined blue stain
on the pale yellow background of the paper. The size and shape of the stain and
the droplet size were correlated by calibrating the SP system with a mono-
disperse water droplet generator over a range of droplet sizes and impaction
velocities.
Processing of exposed SP's consisted of measuring the stain diameters using
a microscrope and a semi-automated GRAF PEN digitizer linked to a microcomputer
which groups stain counts by size range. A computer program employing
calibration curves for specific droplet sizes and impaction velocities was used
to correlate stains with their original droplet sizes. In addition, a
correction factor was applied which incorporated the collection efficiency of
each droplet size range.
4-11
-------
4.12 ABSORBENT PAPER TESTING
Absorbent paper (Whatman™ 5^1 filter paper) held in a sensitive paper
sampling device was attached to each traversing impinger train to collect drift
emissions. This was part of an effort to evaluate screening techniques for
cooling tower testing. Absorbent paper samples were analyzed for total chromium
by NAA.
4-12
-------
5-0 QUALITY ASSURANCE
Because the end product of testing is to produce representative emission
results, quality assurance is one of the main facets of stack sampling.
Quality assurance guidelines provide the detailed procedures and actions
necessary for defining and producing acceptable data. Two such documents were
used in this test program to ensure the collection of acceptable data and to
provide a definition of unacceptable data. These documents are the EPA Quality
Assurance Handbook Volume III, EPA-600/4~77~027 and Entropy's "Quality
Assurance Program Plan," which has been approved by the U. S. EPA, EMB.
Relative to this test program, the following steps were taken to ensure
that the testing and analytical procedures produce quality data.
® Calibration of field sampling equipment. (Appendix D describes
calibration guidelines in more detail.)
• Checks of train configuration and calculations.
• On-site quality assurance checks of sampling train components.
® Use of designated analytical equipment and sampling reagents.
Pre- and post-test calibrations were performed for each of the meter boxes
used for sampling. Calibrations were also performed for the temperature
sensing equipment, nozzles, water flow pitot tubes, anemometer sensor, and the
entire propeller anemometer apparatus. Appendix D includes the calibration
data sheets for each dry gas meter used for testing and data sheets for the
calibrations of the other sampling equipment mentioned.
5-1
-------
Audit solutions were used to check the analytical procedures of the
laboratories conducting the chromium analyses. Table 5-1 presents the results
of these analytical audits. The audit tests show that the analytical
techniques were good.
An additional check of the concentration procedure used for the impinger
samples was made to evaluate the recovery of chromium. The results of the
analysis of this sample (P-51) by NAA showed a relative error of -32.5#.
The sampling equipment, reagents, and analytical procedures for this test
series were in compliance with all necessary guidelines set forth for accurate
test results as described in Volume III of the Quality Assurance Handbook.
5-2
-------
TABLE 5.1. AUDIT REPORT CHROMIUM ANALYSIS
Plant: Task No.: 3SOS~
Date Samples Received: Co]3, 9-t /o j&C* Date Analyzed: $/&C?
Samples Analyzed By: 7 7 NCSH—
Reviewed By: P ($>/¦?fyJ C6>vcr. SC£> Date of Review: SQ,
Sample
Number
ug/mL
+6
Cr or Cr
Source of
Sample
Analytical
Technique
Audit
Value
Relative
Error, %
P-4^
1-0jUqImL Cr*
Q/R>/6£T
Cr^
1.0/ M-&
4-/.0
P" 4U
'J
/ U6 Cr
/AAA
y>
IKlrn
-f-ZZ.7-
P'i?
' J
/00m. 2. wljl
— (3. 8
P~H
0.1 Ufi Cr
QAD/eer
NA-A
O.Ob\ la,
~ltt>
PS!
A.O Cr
QkblBBZ
Czmc A'/AAA
J
D-b7> m«
-3ZS
s J
t
5-3
-------
APPENDIX A.
TEST RESULTS AND EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS
A-l
-------
A-2
-------
PLANT Poducoh Gaseous Diffusion DATE 05-24-86
SAMPLIW3 LOCATION 637-2A, Riser 4, FC8/7 RUN NUT-BER 4-8,7-1
OPERATOR SSH NOZZLE • 508
BAR. PRESS., in. Hg 29.660 NOZZLE DIAMETER, in. 0.313
STATIC PRESS., in. H20 0.000 METER BOX NUMBER N-3
LEAK TEST VACUUM, in.Hg 14.000 METER BOX AH@ 1.914
LEAK RATE, CFM 0.004 ASSUMED MOISTURE, 95 6
FILTER NUMBERS
CO I
*
*
Sample
Dry Gas
Pitot Vel.
Orifice
AH
Gas Meter
Pump
Pitot
Imp. Exit
Stack
Point.
Time
Meter Reading
Head
(in. H20)
Temp.
Voc.
Anemometer
Temp.
Temp.
No.
(Min.)
(Cu.Ft.)
(in.H20)
Desired
Actual
(deg. F)
(in.Hg)
(sc)MV
(degJ)
(deg.F)
8-1
0/0
703.332
0.090
0.85
0.85
86
2.0
300
67
100
8-2
5.0
705.700
0240
224
224
86
7.0
499
62
110
8-3
10.0
709.200
0.260
2.52
2.52
88
7.5
519
62
99
8-4
15.0
713270
0.350
3.37
3.37
91
10.0
596
63
98
8-5
20.0
718.000
0.360
3.61
3.61
93
10.0
608
61
91
8-6
25.0
722.970
0.090
0.82
0.82
95
3.5
300
61
113
8-7
30.0
727.770
0.020
0.16
0.16
92
1.0
127
65
91
8-8
35.0
728.410
0.140
1.45
1.45
92
4.5
378
63
81
8-9
40.0
731.150
0290
2.90
2.90
93
4.5
520
62
84
8-10
45.0
735.380
0.300
2.93
2.93
96
8.0
553
63
98
8-11
50.0
739.750
0.320
3.14
3.14
98
9.0
582
64
108
8-12
55.0
744.990
0.002
0.02
0.02
100
7.0
50
64
112
7-1
60/0
746.523
0210
2.04
2.04
93
7.0
457
66
91
7-2
5.0
750.600
0.170
1.64
1.64
94
6.5
409
63
90
7-3
10.0
754.280
0.310
3.05
3.05
94
9.0
571
63
104
7-4
15.0
758.880
0.320
3.06
3.06
94
9.0
586
64
117
7-5
20.0
763260
0.370
3.49
3.49
93
10.5
622
64
113
7-6
25.0
768200
0.003
0.03
0.03
93
1.0
57
65
111
7-7
30.0
769.750
0.002
0.02
0.02
90
1.0
52
65
113
7-8
35.0
770.950
0.370
3.59
3.59
88
1.0
618
63
99
7-9
40.0
774250
0.380
3.73
3.73
90
10.0
624
63
95
7-10
45.0
779.530
0.330
322
322
90
9.0
579
64
94
7-11
50.0
784.360
0.350
3.38
3.38
92
9.0
596
65
98
7-12
55.0
789.350
0.340
3.37
3.37
92
10.0
593
66
96
FINAL
120/0FF
794262
DIFF/AVG.
90.813
0.19796
2276
92
100
Leak
Check
A-3
-------
PLANT Poducoh Gaseous Diffusion DATE 06-24-86
SAr-VLWIG LOCATION 637-2A, Riser 4, FC7,8 RUNNUf-CER 4-7,8-2
OPERATOR SSH NOZZLE « 507
BAR. PRESS., in. Hg 29.650 NOZZLE DIAMETER, in. 0.304
STATIC PRESS., in. H20 0.000 METER BOX NUMBER N-3
LEAK TEST VACUUM, inXg 12.500 METER BOX AH@ 1.914
LEAK RATE, CFM 0.002 ASSUMED MOtSTIRE, SB 6
FILTER NUMBERS
Sample
Sanple
Dry Gas
Pitot Velocity
Orifice
AH
Gas Meter
Pimnp
Pitot
Imp. Exit
Stock
Point.
Time
Meter Reading
Head
(in. H20)
Temp.
Vac.
Anemometer
Temp.
Temp.
No.
(Min.)
(CuJt.)
(in.H20)
Desired
Actual
(deg. F)
(in.Hg)
(sc) MV
(deg.F)
(degj)
7-1
0/0
794.500
0.330
2.87
2.87
87
8.0
583
64
96
2
5.0
799.030
0.330
2.86
2.86
88
8.0
582
61
97
3
10.0
804.100
0.360
3.09
3.09
86
8.0
602
61
93
4
15.0
808.350
0.380
328
3.28
87
8.5
622
62
95
5
20.0
813.270
0.370
320
320
90
9.0
618
62
100
6
25.0
817.760
0.0016
0.01
0.01
91
9.0
41
63
111
7
30.0
819.127
0.0034
0.03
0.03
89
1.0
60
62
110
8
35.0
820.840
0210
1.74
1.74
89
7.0
469
62
116
9
40.0
822.340
0.310
2.62
2.62
90
8.0
576
64
117
10
45.0
826.377
0.360
3.03
3.03
90
9.0
610
65
108
11
50.0
831.050
0220
1.94
1.94
93
9.0
471
66
90
12
55.0
835.000
0.190
1.65
1.65
93
5.5
437
66
93
8-1
60/0
838.480
0.180
1.60
1.60
91
5.0
427
61
88
2
5.0
842.000
0200
1.74
1.74
91
5.0
446
61
89
3
10.0
845.440
0.340
2.97
2.97
91
8.0
588
62
93
4
15.0
849.800
0.330
2.83
2.83
92
8.5
583
62
103
5
20.0
854.200
0.350
2.94
2.94
93
8.5
604
62
112
6
25.0
858.820
0.0021
0.02
0.02
94
1.0
47
64
114
7
30.0
860.000
0.0025
0.02
0.02
92
1.0
51
65
111
8
35.0
860.430
0.300
2.61
2.61
92
1.0
564
65
107
9
40.0
864.350
0.300
2.53
2.53
94
8.0
563
65
115
10
45.0
868.434
0260
2.19
2.19
93
7.5
526
67
118
11
50.0
872.580
0210
1.81
1.81
94
7.0
475
66
114
12
55.0
876220
0.190
1.66
1.66
95
6.5
453
66
113
120/0FF
879.674
DIFF/AVC.
85.174
020279
2.052
91
104
-------
PLANT
SAMPLING LOCATION
OPERATOR
BAR. PRESS.,in.Hg
STATIC PRESS., in. H20
LEAK TEST VACUUM, in.Hg
LEAK RATE, CFM
Poducoh Gaseous Diffusion
637-2A, Riser 4, FC 7,8
SSH
29.720
0.000
12.500
0.0030
DATE
RUN NUMBER
NOZZLE •
NOZZLE DIAMETER, in.
METER BOX NUMBER
METER BOX AH@
ASSUMED MOISTURE/
06-26-86
4-7,8-6
507
0.304
N-3
1.914
Sample Sample Dry Gas PitotVel. Orifice AH Gas Meter Pump Pitot Imp. Exit Stack Leak
Point. Time Meter Reading Head (in.H20) Temp. Voc. Anemometer Temp. Temp. Check
No. (Min.) (Cu.Ft.) (in.H20) Desired Actual (deg.F) (in.Hg) (sc)MV (deg.F) (deg.F)
7-1
0/0
726.500
0.280
2.40
2.40
87
7.0
539
67
103
2
5.0
729.700
0260
224
2.24
86
7.0
522
64
103
3
10.0
733.800
0280
2.35
2.35
86
7.0
535
63
104
4
15.0
737.870
0.340
2.91
2.91
87
8.5
592
63
101
5
20.0
742.300
0.360
3.04
3.04
88
9.0
609
62
105
6
25.0
746.980
0.0025
0.02
0.02
88
1.0
51
62
111
7
30.0
747.739
0.0032
0.030
0.030
87
1.0
58
62
110
8
35.0
748.130
0280
2.32
2.32
87
7.0
541
63
115
9
40.0
752.140
0220
1.86
1.86
88
7.5
474
63
102
10
45.0
755.760
0230
1.97
1.97
88
6.0
492
63
108
11
50.0
759.470
0.130
1.11
1.11
89
6.5
361
65
96
12
55.0
782.510
0.120
1.05
1.05
89
4.5
353
65
97
8-1
60/0
765235
0.130
1.09
1.09
87
4.0
358
68
95
2
5.0
768.020
0.130
1.15
1.15
87
4.5
367
65
94
3
10.0
771.000
0290
2.49
2.49
88
8.0
545
64
99
4
15.0
775.000
0.310
2.64
2.64
91
8.0
569
64
108
5
20.0
779.300
0.330
2.84
2.84
94
8.0
594
64
114
6
25.0
783.800
0.0007
0.01
0.01
95
1.0
27
65
114
7
30.0
784.160
0.0015
0.01
0.01
92
1.0
40
65
113
8
35.0
784.420
0270
227
2.27
90
7.5
529
66
110
9
40.0
788.550
0.310
2.67
2.67
92
8.5
575
66
112
10
45.0
793.050
0260
2.16
2.16
92
8.5
520
66
115
11
50.0
797.000
0230
1.98
1.98
91
7.5
494
67
110
12
55.0
800.690
0220
1.89
1.89
92
6.5
483
66
111
120/0FF
804.315
F/AVG.
77.815
0.1748
1.771
89
106
A-5
-------
ISOKINETIC SAMPLING TRAIN FIELD DATA & RESULTS TABULATION
PLANT:
Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Paducah,
Kentucky
RUN if
DATE SAMPLING LOCATION
OPERATOR
4-8,7-
•1
6/24/86 Cooling Tower 637-2A, Fans
7
8c
8
Stephen
S. Helms
4-7,8-
2
6/24/86 Cooling Tower 637-2A. Fans
8
&
7
Stephen
S. Helms
4-7,8-
¦6
6/26/86 Cooling Tower 637-2A, Fans
7
&
8
Stephen
S. Helms
4-8.7-1
4-7.8-2
4-7,8-6
Run Start Time
925
1258
1312
Run Finish Time
1206
1520
1520
Net Sampling Points
24
24
24
Theta
Net Run Time, Minutes
120.00
120.00
120.00
Dia
Nozzle Diameter, Inches
0-313
0.304
0.304
Cp
Pitot Tube Coefficient
0.840
0.840
0.840
Y
Dry Gas Meter Calibration Factor
1.002
1.002
1.002
Pbar
Barometric Pressure, Inches Hg
29.66
29.66
29.72
Del ta
H
Avg. Pressure Differential of
2.280
2.050
1-770
Orifice Meter, Inches H20
Vm
Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry ACF
90.813
85.174
77.815
tm
Dry Gas Meter Temperature, Degrees F
92
91
89
Vm(std)
Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry SCF*
86.735
81.451
74.783
Vic
Total Volume of Liquid Collected
128.0
136.0
133-8
in Impingers fe Silica Gel, mL
Vw(std)
Volume of Water Vapor, SCF*
6.025
6.402
6.298
ZH20
Moisture Content, Percent by Volume
6.5
7-3
7-8
Mfd
Dry Mole Fraction
0-935
0.927
0.922
Md
Estimated Dry Molecular Wt, Lb/Lb-Mole
28.84
28.84
28.84
Ms
Wet Molecular Weight, Lb/Lb-Mole
28.13
28.05
27-99
Pg
Flue Gas Static Pressure, Inches H20
+0.00
~ 0.00
O
O
O
+
Ps
Absolute Flue Gas Press., Inches HG
29.66
29.66
29-72
ts
Flue Gas Temperature, Degrees F
100
104
106
Delta
P
Average Velocity Head, Inches H20
0.1979
0.2028
0.1748
vs
Flue Gas Velocity, Feet/Second
26.17
26.63
24.76
A
Stack/Duct Area, Square Inches
55.990
55.990
55.990
Qsd
Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Dry SCFM*
533.384
534,290
493.548
Qaw
Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Wet ACFM
610,553
621,217
577.715
%I
Isokinetic Sampling Rate, Percent
98.5
97-9
97-3
• 68
Degrees F -- 29-92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
(continued next page)
A-6
-------
4-8,7-1
4-7,8-2
4-7.8-6
Hexavalent Chromium Emissions:
mg
Catch, Milligrams
( 946.6 )
(l.4l0.5 )
( 2,210.4)
gr/DSCF
Concentration, Grains per DSCF*
( 0.1684 )
(0.2672)
( 0.456l)
Lb/Hr
Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRa)
( 759-3 )
( 1.199)
(1.880)
Total Chromium Emissions:
(l,424.6 )
( 2,227.8)
mg
Total Catch, Milligrams
( 948.1 )
gr/DSCF
Concentration, Grains per DSCF*
( 0.1687)
(0.2699)
( 0.4597)
Lb/Hr
Emission Rate. Lbs/Hour (PMRa)
( 760.5 )
( 1.211 )
(1.894)
FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE:
Degrees Fahrenheit
100
104
106
deg. F
Degrees Centigrade
38
40
41
deg. C
AIR FLOW RATES x million:
Actual Cubic Meters/hr
1.0375
1.0556
0.9817
acmh
Actual Cubic Feet/hr
36-6332
37.2730
34.6629
acfh
Dry Std. Cubic Meters/hr*
0.9063
0.9079
O.8386
dscmh
Dry Std. Cubic Feet/hr*
32.0030
32.0574
29.6129
dscfh
HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
(385.4213)
(611.5643)
(i043.8319 )
mg/dscm
Concentration, gr/dscf*
(0.168424)
(0.267245)
( 0.456141 )
gr/dscf
Emissions (PMRa), lb/hr
(759.2819)'
(1199-3643) ( 1879-5285 )
lb/hr-a
Emissions (PMRa), kg/hr
( 344.4042)
( 544.0221)
(852.539])
kg/hr-a
TOTAL CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
(386.0320)
( 617.6778 ) (
1052.0488 )
mg/dscm
Concentration, gr/dscf*
(0.168691)
( 0.269917 )
(0.459731)
gr/dscf
Emissions (PMRa), lb/hr
( 760.4850)
(1211.3537 ) ( 1894.3239)
lb/hra
Emissions (PMRa), kg/hr
( 344.9499)
( 549-4603 )
(859.2502)
kg/hr-a
68 Degrees F -- 29-92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
) = x 10"fi
A-7
jsntdmtwv
-------
PLANT Poduooh Goseous Diffusion DATE 06-25-88
SAMPLING LOCATION 637-2A, RiserS, FC 10,9 RUNNUf-BER 5-10,9-3
OPERATOR SSH NOZZLE * 507
BAR. PRESS., in. Hg 29.750 NOZZLE DIAMETER, in. 0.304
STATIC PRESS., in. H20 0.000 METER BOX NUMBER N-3
LEAK TEST VACUUM, inJ-lg 11.667 METER BOX AH® 1.914
LEAK RATE, CFM 0.0017 ASSUMED MOISTURE, % 6
Sample Sample Dry Cos Pitot Vel. Orifice AH 60s Meter Pump Pitot Imp. Exit Stock Lnk
Point. Time Meter Reading Head (in.H20) Temp. Voc. Anemometer Temp. Temp. Che^-
No.
(Min.)
(CuJt.)
(m.H20)
Desired
Actual
(deg.F)
(in.Hg)
(sc) MV
(deg.F)
(degJ)
10-1
0/0
457.670
0.080
0.64
0.64
76
2.0
283
64
108
2
5.0
459.890
0280
229
229
76
2.0
537
59
109
3
10.0
463.370
0.370
3.06
3.06
77
7.0
622
59
110
4
15.0
467.970
0.370
3.07
3.07
80
9.5
620
60
109
5
20.0
472.600
0.340
2.81
2.81
82
9.5
596
60
113
6
23.0
477.080
0.0012
0.01
0.01
82
9.0
36
62
111
7
30.0
477.780
0.0016
0.01
0.01
81
1.0
41
62
110
8
35.0
477.920
0.350
2.93
2.93
81
7.0
604
63
108
9
40.0
482250
0.350
2.91
2.91
83
9.0
605
63
112
10
45.0
486.762
0.340
2.88
2.88
82
9.0
593
64
103
11
50.0
491.200
0250
2.12
2.12
84
9.0
502
64
96
12
55.0
495280
0230
2.02
2.02
85
7.5
488
64
95
9-1
60/0
499.169
0.090
0.78
0.78
82
3.5
311
63
108
2
5.0
501.890
0.300
2.50
2.50
82
7.5
560
63
110
3
10.0
505.400
0.350
2.96
2.96
86
7.0
609
63
112
4
15.0
510.000
0.360
2.97
2.97
85
8.5
616
64
117
5
20.0
514.490
0.340
2.90
2.90
86
8.5
601
64
111
6
25.0
519.050
0.0009
0.01
0.01
87
8.5
32
65
104
7
30.0
520.000
0.0015
0.01
0.01
86
1.0
40
65
105
8
35.0
521.130
0250
2.19
2.19
86
6.0
509
65
96
9
40.0
525.000
0.310
2.73
2.73
86
6.5
555
65
83
10
45.0
528.950
0.330
2.83
2.83
88
8.0
580
65
98
11
50.0
533.410
0260
229
229
88
7.0
521
66
98
12
55.0
537.570
0250
2.19
2.19
88
7.0
503
66
91
120/OFF
541.585
DFF/AVG.
83.784
02012
2.046
83
105
A-8
-------
PLANT Poducoh Gaseous Diffusion DATE (fc-25-Sfc
SAMPLING LOCATION 637-2A, RiserS, FC9,10 RUN NUMBER 5-9,10-4
OPERATOR SSH NOZZLE • 508
BAR. PRESS., in. Hg 29.750 NOZZLE DIAMETER, in. 0.313
STATIC PRESS., in. H20 0.000 METER BOX NUMBER N-3
LEAK TEST VACULH1, miig 14.000 METER BOX 1.914
LEAK RATE, CFM 0.0040 ASSUMED MOISTURE, % 6
Sample
Sample
Dry Gas
Pitot Vel.
Orifice
AH
Gas Meter
Pump
Pitot
bnp. Exit
Stack
Leak
Point.
Time
Meter Reading
Heod
(in. H20)
Temp.
Vac.
Anemometer
Temp.
Temp.
Check
No.
(Min.)
(Cu.Ft.)
(in.H20)
Desired
Actual
(deg. F)
(in.Hg)
(sc)MV
(degf)
(deg-F)
9-1
0/0
541.800
0280
2.58
2.58
83
9.0
543
67
118
2
5.0
546.600
0.290
2.66
2.66
84
9.0
551
64
118
3
10.0
550.500
0.320
2.99
2.99
86
9.0
578
63
113
4
15.0
555.380
0.330
3.15
3.15
89
10.0
593
63
114
5
20.0
560.000
0.300
2.86
2.86
92
10.0
561
63
112
6
25.0
564.570
0.0005
0.01
0.01
90
9.0
24
64
106
7
30.0
565.500
0.0035
0.03
0.03
88
1.0
61
64
108
8
35.0
565.700
0260
2.56
2.56
88
1.0
519
64
97
9
40.0
569.880
0.300
2.86
2.86
86
7.5
551
64
96
10
45.0
574.363
0.300
2.90
2.90
85
8.5
555
65
98
11
50.0
579.000
0.190
1.89
1.89
89
6.0
441
65
92
12
55.0
582.840
0.150
1.47
1.47
89
6.0
389
65
92
10-1
60/0
586.057
0.070
0.70
0.70
86
2.5
273
63
101
586.057
2
5.0
588.440
0.190
1.83
1.83
85
2.5
445
61
103
586.158
3
10.0
592.090
0.380
3.61
3.61
86
11.0
624
61
103
4
15.0
597.010
0.380
3.63
3.63
87
11.0
625
62
103
5
20.0
602.000
0.360
3.41
3.41
88
11.0
617
63
114
6
25.0
607.380
0.0029
0.03
0.03
89
11.0
55
63
112
7
30.0
607.300
0.0025
0.02
0.02
87
1.0
51
63
111
8
35.0
608.000
0270
2.56
2.56
87
7.5
533
65
111
9
40.0
612.310
0270
2.52
2.52
88
8.0
530
65
113
10
45.0
616.500
0250
2.35
2.35
89
8.0
507
65
108
11
50.0
620.730
0230
226
226
90
7.5
487
67
97
12
55.0
624.870
0200
1.91
1.91
90
7.5
448
67
98
0
120/OFF
628.654
0.101
DIFF/AVG.
86.753
0.1867
2.116
88
106
0.101
A-9
-------
PLANT Poducoh Gaseous Diffusion DATE 06-26-%
SAMPLHG LOCATION 637-2A, Riser 5, FC 10,9 RUN NUMBER 5-10,9-5
OPERATOR SSH NOZZLE« 508
BAR. PRESS., in. Hg 29.720 NOZZLE DIAMETER, in. 0.313
STATIC PRESS., in. H20 0.000 METER BOX NUMBER N-3
LEAK TEST VACUUM, in.Hg 14.333 METER BOX iH# 1.914
LEAK RATE, CFM 0.0013 ASSUMED MOISTURE, 95 6
Sample Sample
Point. Time
No. (Min.)
Dry Gas
Meter Reading
(Cu.Ft.)
Pitot Vel.
Head
(in.H20)
Orifice AH
(in. H20)
Desired Actual
Gas Meter Pump Pitot Imp. Exit Stack Lea«
Temp. Vac. Anemometer Temp. Temp. Che~'-
(deg.F) (in-Hg) (sc)MV (degf) (degJ)
10-1
0/0
628.900
0.140
1.34
1.34
73
5.0
384
66
102
2
5.0
631.970
0280
2.59
2.59
73
8.0
535
63
103
3
10.0
636200
0.370
3.48
3.48
75
10.0
625
62
108
4
15.0
540.800
0.360
3.32
3.32
77
10.0
611
62
110
5
20.0
645.550
0.330
3.10
3.10
78
10.0
593
63
113
6
25.0
650.230
0.0007
0.01
0.01
80
1.0
27
63
111
7
30.0
650.863
0.0004
0.004
0.004
78
1.0
21
63
110
8
35.0
651.013
0.300
2.75
2.75
77
9.0
556
64
110
9
40.0
655.350
0.390
3.59
3.59
78
9.0
636
64
111
10
45.0
660.000
0.300
2.87
2.87
80
11.0
558
64
101
11
50.0
664.830
0290
2.83
2.83
81
9.0
547
65
94
12
55.0
669.100
0220
2.14
2.14
81
7.0
475
65
94
9-1
60/0
673.173
0250
2.34
2.34
80
7.5
503
67
100
2
5.0
677.400
0.260
2.49
2.49
81
7.5
519
64
101
3
10.0
681.670
0.330
3.10
3.10
82
8.0
582
64
104
4
15.0
686.380
0.350
326
326
82
10.0
606
65
113
5
20.0
691.160
0.320
3.01
3.01
82
10.0
581
65
112
6
25.0
695.WW
0.0030
0.03
0.03
82
9.5
56
65
103
7
30.0
696.860
0.0024
0.02
0.02
80
1.0
50
65
102
8
35.0
696.980
0220
2.11
2.11
79
7.0
474
66
95
9
40.0
701.050
0290
2.84
2.84
81
8.5
541
66
87
10
45.0
705.550
0280
2.79
2.79
84
8.5
534
67
87
11
50.0
710.000
0210
2.10
2.10
84
7.0
465
67
89
12
55.0
714.130
0.190
1.81
1.81
83
6.0
433
68
90
120/0FF
717.574
DIFF/AVG.
88.547
02001
2247
80
102
A-10
-------
ISOKINETIC SAMPLING TRAIN FIELD DATA k RESULTS TABULATION
PLANT: Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Paducah,
Kentucky
RUN #
DATE SAMPLING LOCATION
OPERATOR
5-10,9-3
5-9,10-4
5-10,9-5
6/25/86 Cooling Tower 637-2A, Fans
6/25/86 Cooling Tower 637-2A, Fans
6/26/86 Cooling Tower 637-2A, Fans
9
9
9
&
&
&
10
10
10
Stephen S. Helms
Stephen S. Helms
Stephen S. Helms
5
-10,9-3
5-9.10-4 5
-10,9-5
Run Start Time
Run Finish Time
915
1140
12 22
1444
825
1036
Net Sampling Points
24
24
24
Theta
Net Run Time, Minutes
120.00
120.00
120.00
Dia
Nozzle Diameter, Inches
0.304
0.313
0.313
Cp
Pi tot Tube Coefficient
0.840
0.840
0.840
Y
Dry Gas Meter Calibration Factor
1.002
1.002
1.002
Pbar
Barometric Pressure, Inches Hg
29-75
29-75
29-72
Delta H
Avg. Pressure Differential of
Orifice Meter, Inches H20
2.050
2.120
2.250
Vm
Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry ACF
83-784
86.753
88.547
tm
Dry Gas Meter Temperature, Degrees F
83
88
80
Vm(std)
Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry SCF*
81.547
83.681
86.618
Vic
Total Volume of Liquid Collected
in Impingers 8. Silica Gel, mL
140.0
149.6
136.0
Vw(std)
Volume of Water Vapor, SCF*
6.590
7-04o
6.402
XH20
Moisture Content, Percent by Volume
7-5
7-8
6-9
Mfd
Dry Mole Fraction
0-925
0.922
0-931
Md
Estimated Dry Molecular Wt, Lb/Lb-Mole
28.84
28.84
28.84
Ms
Wet Molecular Weight, Lb/Lb-Mole
28.03
28.00
28.09
Pg
Flue Gas Static Pressure, Inches H20
+ 0.00
+0.00
+ 0.00
Ps
Absolute Flue Gas Press., Inches HG
29.75
29-75
29-72
ts
Flue Gas Temperature. Degrees F
105
106
102
Delta p
Average Velocity Head, Inches H20
0.2012
0.1867
0.2001
vs
Flue Gas Velocity, Feet/Second
26-52
25.58
26.36
A
Stack/Duct Area, Square Inches
55.990
55.990
55.990
Qsri
Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Dry SCFM*
531.616
510.363
534,108
Qaw
Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Wet ACFM
618,599
596,746
614,870
XI
Isokinetic Sampling Rate, Percent
98.5
99-3
98.2
* 68 Degrees F -- 29-92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
(continued next page)
A-ll
-MTRODV
-------
5-10,9-3
Hexavalent Chromium Emissions:
mg Catch, Milligrams ( 1,013-8)
gr/DSCF Concentration, Grains per DSCF* ( 0.1919)
Lb/Hr Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRa) ( 862.0)
Total Chromium Emissions:
mg Total Catch, Milligrams ( l,104.o)
gr/DSCF Concentration, Grains per DSCF* ( O.2089)
Lb/Hr Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRa) (938.7)
FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE:
Degrees Fahrenheit 105
Degrees Centigrade 4l
AIR FLOW RATES x million:
Actual Cubic Meters/hr 1.0511
Actual Cubic Feet/hr 37-1160
Dry Std. Cubic Meters/hr* 0.9033
Dry Std. Cubic Feet/hr* 31.8970
HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm* (439-0422)
Concentration, gr/dscf* ( O.I91856)
Emissions (PMRa), lb/hr ( 862.0458)
Emissions (PMRa), kg/hr (39I.OI71)
TOTAL CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm* (478.1048)
Concentration, gr/dscf* ( O.2O8925)
Emissions (PMRa). lb/hr (938 - 7^39)
Emissions (PMRa), kg/hr (425-8067)
( 2.079-8)
(0.3836)
(1.668)
( 2.202.3)
(0.406l)
(l,766)
( 658.3")
(o.U73 )
( 528.0 )
(666.4 )
(0.U87 )
( 534.5 )
106 102 deg. F
4l 39 deg. C
1.0140
35-8047
0.8672
30.6218
1.0448 acmh
36.8922 acfh
0.9076 dscmh
32.0465 dscfh
( 877.7244) ( 268.3992 ) mg/dscm
lp.383554) (o.U7287 ) gr/dscf
(l668.2384) (528.03 22) lb/hr-a
(756.6996) (239.511^ kg/hr-a
(929-4223) (271.7017 )mg/dscm
(0.406145) (0.II8730) gr/dscf
(1766.4974 ) ( 534.529^ lb/hra
( 801.2691 ) (242.4582) kg/hr-a
( ) = x 10
68 Degrees F -- 29-92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
-6
A-12
"NTROPV
-------
PLANT Poducah Gaseous Diffusion DATE 06-25-86
SAMPLII© LOCATION 637-2A, Riser 6, FC12,11 RUN WJMBER 6-12,11-3
OPERATOR DR NOZZLE * 608
BAR. PRESS., m. Hg 29.750 NOZZLE DIAMETER, in. 0299
STATIC PRESS., in. H20 0.000 f"ETER BOX NUT-BER N-17
LEAK TEST VACUUM, in.Hg 12.000 METER BOX AH? 1.76
LEAK RATE, CFM 0.0017 ASSUMED MOISTURE, 95 6
Sample Sample
Point. Time
No. (Min.)
Dry Gas
Meter Reading
(Cu.Ft.)
Pitot Vel.
Head
(inH20)
Orifice AH
(in. H20)
Desired Actual
Gas Meter Pump Pitot Imp. Exit Stock Leok
Temp. Vac. Anemometer Temp. Temp. Check
(deg. F) (in.Hg) (sc) MV (deg.F) (degJ)
12-1
0/0
955.433
0.180
1.38
1.38
94
5.0
415
60
73
2
5.0
958.890
0.280
2.17
2.17
96
7.0
520
60
74
3
10.0
962.900
0.300
2.33
2.33
98
8.0
540
60
77
4
15.0
967210
0.310
2.36
2.36
100
8.0
560
60
94
5
20.0
971.560
0290
223
223
102
8.0
540
60
90
6
25.0
975.780
0.0400
0.31
0.31
102
3.0
200
60
86
12
30.0
977.400
0.1400
1.09
1.09
101
5.0
365
60
71
11
35.0
980.450
0250
1.95
1.95
101
7.0
490
60
73
10
40.0
984.440
0.320
2.54
2.54
102
9.0
560
60
75
9
45.0
989.040
0.300
2.36
2.36
103
8.0
550
60
85
8
50.0
993.370
0.310
2.39
2.39
103
8.0
560
60
92
7
55.0
997.760
0.040
0.30
0.30
104
3.0
200
60
93
11-1
60/0
999.435
0.070
0.54
0.54
101
3.0
260
68
79
2
5.0
1001.570
0.110
0.84
0.84
101
4.0
325
60
79
3
10.0
1004.260
0.170
1.33
1.33
102
5.0
410
60
81
4
15.0
1007.580
0240
1.90
1.90
103
7.0
490
60
82
5
20.0
1011.570
0290
229
229
105
8.0
540
60
84
6
25.0
1015.900
0.0300
026
026
105
2.0
185
60
94
7
30.0
1017.000
0.0400
028
028
104
2.0
190
60
92
8
35.0
1018.900
0.170
1.32
1.32
104
6.0
420
60
98
9
40.0
1022210
0210
1.61
1.61
104
6.0
465
60
98
10
45.0
1025.920
0220
1.70
1.70
104
7.0
480
60
102
11
50.0
1029.660
0240
1.86
1.86
105
7.0
500
60
100
12
55.0
1033.640
0.140
1.05
1.05
106
5.0
370
60
92
120/OFF
1036.663
IFF/AVG.
81.162
0.1790
1.516
102
86
A-13
-------
PLANT Paducah Goseous Diffusion DATE 06-25-86
S AWL WG LOCATION 637-2A, Riser6, FC11J2 RUNfftJM&R 6-11,12-4
OPERATOR DR NOZZLE • 607
BAR. PRESS., in. Hg 29.660 NOZZLE DIAMETER, in. 0.305
STATIC PRESS., in. H20 0.000 METER BOX NUMBER N-7
LEAK TEST VACUUM, in.Hg 10.333 METER BOX AH@ 1.79
LEAK RATE, CFM 0.0000 ASSUMED MOISTURE, 96 6
Sample
Sample
Dry Gas
Pitot Vel.
Orifice
AH
Gos Meter
Pump
Pitot
Imp. Exit
Stack
Point.
Time
Meter Reading
Head
(w.H20)
Temp.
Vac.
Anemometer
Temp.
Temp.
No.
(Min.)
(Cu.Ft.)
(inJCO)
Desired
Actual
(deg.F)
(inUg)
(sc)MV
(degf)
(deg.F]
11-1
0/0
388.546
0.100
0.80
0.80
84
3.0
310
68
83
2
5.0
391.0®)
0.130
1.08
1.08
85
4.0
360
60
84
3
10.0
394.120
0.160
1.32
1.32
86
5.0
400
60
87
4
15.0
397.400
0260
2.16
2.16
87
6.0
510
60
86
5
20.0
401.470
0200
1.67
1.67
89
5.0
450
60
89
6
25.0
405.110
0.0400
0.30
0.30
89
2.0
190
60
91
7
30.0
406.700
0.0400
0.32
0.32
88
2.0
200
60
96
8
35.0
408.380
0.100
0.78
0.78
87
3.0
315
60
101
9
40.0
410.920
0.140
1.15
1.15
88
4.0
385
60
105
10
45.0
414.050
0240
1.94
1.94
87
6.0
505
60
111
11
50.0
417.870
0.180
1.45
1.45
90
5.0
430
60
104
12
55.0
421.290
0.050
0.39
0.39
90
2.0
220
60
98
11-1
60/0
423236
0.050
0.41
0.41
90
2.0
220
68
84
2
5.0
424.720
0.100
0.84
0.84
91
3.0
315
60
83
3
10.0
427.900
0250
2.11
2.11
92
6.0
500
60
84
4
15.0
431.860
0260
2.18
2.18
94
7.0
520
60
97
5
20.0
436.070
0270
225
225
95
7.0
530
60
100
6
25.0
440210
0.0300
023
0.23
96
2.0
170
60
100
7
30.0
441.200
0.0300
026
0.26
93
2.0
180
60
103
8
35.0
443.130
0200
1.60
1.60
93
5.0
450
60
102
9
40.0
446.710
0.180
1.49
1.49
93
5.0
430
60
98
10
45.0
450220
0260
220
220
93
6.0
515
60
89
11
50.0
454270
0230
1.95
1.95
94
6.0
480
60
84
12
55.0
458230
0.130
1.10
1.10
95
4.0
360
60
83
120/0FF
461.327
DIFF/AVG.
72.731
0.1375
1249
90
93
Leo*
Che '
A-14
-------
PLANT Paducoh Gaseous Diffusion DATE 06-26-86
SAMPLW3 LOCATION 637-2A, Riser 6, FC12,11 RUN NUhteER 6-12,11-5
OPERATOR DR NOZZLE » 607
BAR. PRESS., in. Hg 29.720 NOZZLE DIAMETER, in. 0.305
STATIC PRESS., in. H20 0.000 METER BOX NUMBER N-7
LEAK TEST VACUUM, in.Hg 11.667 METER BOX AH@ 1.79
LEAK RATE, CFM 0.0020 ASSUMED MOtSTURE, % 6
Sample Sample
Point. Tim?
No. (Min.)
Dry Gas
Meter Reading
(CuJt.)
Pitot Vel.
Head
(in.H20)
Orifice AH
(in. H20)
Desired Actual
Gas Meter
Temp,
(deg. F)
Pump
Voc.
(in.Hg)
Pitot
Anemometer
(sc)MV
Imp. Exit
Temp.
(deg.F)
Stock
Temp.
(deg.F)
12-1
0/0
612.267
0.160
1.30
1.30
77
5.0
390
68
73
2
5.0
615.370
0.270
2.29
2.29
79
7.0
520
60
77
3
10.0
619.580
0.360
2.98
2.98
82
9.0
600
60
85
4
15.0
624.420
0.360
2.93
2.93
85
9.0
610
60
100
5
20.0
629.200
0.330
2.70
2.70
87
8.0
580
60
96
6
25.0
633.860
0.0400
0.30
0.30
88
2.0
195
60
99
7
30.0
635.500
0.0300
0.250
0250
85
2.0
180
60
102
8
35.0
637.050
0210
1.66
1.66
85
6.0
460
60
101
9
40.0
640.620
0200
1.62
1.62
87
6.0
450
60
97
10
45.0
644.320
0240
1.99
1.99
86
6.0
500
60
97
11
50.0
648.250
0230
1.91
1.91
88
6.0
480
60
87
12
55.0
652.140
0.100
0.85
0.85
89
5.0
320
60
86
11-1
60/0
654.942
0.070
0.57
0.57
88
3.0
260
68
81
2
5.0
657.150
0.110
0.92
0.92
88
4.0
330
60
81
3
10.0
689.980
0.160
1.39
1.39
89
5.0
405
60
81
4
15.0
663.300
0220
1.87
1.87
90
6.0
470
60
82
5
20.0
667.200
0250
2.06
2.06
90
6.0
500
60
90
6
25.0
671.330
0.0300
026
0.26
91
2.0
180
60
97
7
30.0
672.900
0.0400
029
029
89
2.0
190
60
94
8
35.0
674.410
0200
1.65
1.65
89
6.0
460
60
105
9
40.0
678.060
0210
1.72
1.72
91
6.0
470
60
106
10
45.0
681.850
0.180
1.41
1.41
91
5.0
430
60
112
11
50.0
685.220
0210
1.67
1.67
92
6.0
465
60
110
12
55.0
688.160
0.070
0.53
0.53
92
6.0
260
60
103
Leak
Check
120/OFF
DIFF/AVG.
692.592
80260
0.1617
1.463
87
93
A-15
-------
ISOKINETIC SAMPLING TRAIN FIELD DATA k RESULTS TABULATION
PLANT: Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Paducah, Kentucky
RUN # DATE SAMPLING LOCATION OPERATOR
612,11-3
611-12-4
612,11-5
6/25/86 Cooling Tower 637-2A. Fans
6/25/86 Cooling Tower 637-2A. Fans
6/26/86 Cooling Tower 637-2A, Fans
11
11
11
8.
&
&
12
12
12
B. Dwain
B. Dwain
B. Dwain
Ritchie
Ritchie
Ri tchie
612.11-3
611-12-4
612,11-5
Run Start Time
Run Finish Time
914
1145
1222
1445
825
1043
Net Sampling Points
24
24
24
Theta
Net Run Time, Minutes
120.00
120.00
120.00
Dia
Nozzle Diameter, Inches
0.299
0.305
0.305
Cp
Pitot Tube Coefficient
0.840
0.840
0.840
Y
Dry Gas Meter Calibration Factor
0.991
1.010
1.010
Pbar
Barometric Pressure, Inches Hg
29-75
29.66
29.72
Delta H
Avg. Pressure Differential of
Orifice Meter, Inches H20
1.520
1.250
1.460
Vm
Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry ACF
81.162
72.731
80.260
tm
Dry Gas Meter Temperature, Degrees F
102
90
87
Vm(std)
Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry SCF*
75.All
70.096
77.974
Vic
Total Volume of Liquid Collected
in Impingers & Silica Gel, mL
70.0
82.7
91.8
Vw(std)
Volume of Water Vapor, SCF*
3-295
3-893
4.321
ZH20
Moisture Content, Percent by Volume
4.2
5-3
5-3
Mfd
Dry Mole Fraction
0.958
0.947
0.947
Md
Estimated Dry Molecular Wt, Lb/Lb-Mole
28.84
28.84
28.84
Ms
Wet Molecular Weight. Lb/Lb-Mole
28.38
28.27
28.27
Pg
Flue Gas Static Pressure, Inches H20
~ 0.00
+ 0.00
+0.00
Ps
Absolute Flue Gas Press., Inches HG
29-75
29.66
29.72
ts
Flue Gas Temperature, Degrees F
86
93
93
Delta p
Average Velocity Head, Inches H20
0.1790
0.1375
0.1617
vs
Flue Gas Velocity, Feet/Second
24.43
21.63
23-A3
A
Stack/Duct Area, Square Inches
55.990
55.990
55,990
Qsd
Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Dry SCFM*
524.892
^52.235
490.960
Qaw
Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Wet ACFM
569,966
504,534
546,571
XI
Isokinetic Sampling Rate, Percent
95-3
98.9
101.3
* 68 Degrees F -- 29-92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
(continued next page)
A-16
MTROPV
-------
612.11-5
Hexavalent Chromium Emissions:
mg Catch. Milligrams
gr/DSCF Concentration, Grains per DSCF*
Lb/Hr Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRa)
Total Chromium Emissions:
mg Total Catch, Milligrams
gr/DSCF Concentration, Grains per DSCF*
Lb/Hr Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRa)
FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE:
Degrees Fahrenheit
Degrees Centigrade
AIR FLOW RATES x million:
Actual Cubic Meters/hr
Actual Cubic Feet/hr
Dry Std. Cubic Meters/hr*
Dry Std. Cubic Feet/hr*
HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
Concentration, gr/dscf*
Emissions (PMRa), lb/hr
Emissions (PMRa), kg/hr
TOTAL CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
Concentration, gr/dscf*
Emissions (PMRa), lb/hr
Emissions • (PMRa), kg/hr
* 68 Degrees F -- 29.92 Inches of
( ) = x 10"6
( 1,598.0 )
(287.0)
(733.6)
( 0.3270)
( O.O6319)
(0.1452)
( 1.405)
(242.4)
( 619.7)
(l .615.8)
(287.8)
(738.9)
( 0.3307)
( 0.06336)
(0.1462 )
( l .420)
(243.1)
(624.2 )
86
93
93
deg. F
30
34
34
deg. C
0.9685
0.8573
0.9287
acmh
34.1980
30.2721
32.7943
acfh
0.8919
0.7684
0.8342
dscmh
31-4935
27.1341
29.4576
dscfh
( 748.3498)
( 144.5951 )
( 332.2586)
mg/dscm
( 0.327019)
( 0.063186)
(0.14519])
gr/dscf
(l404.6224)
( 242.Ul8 )
(619.7048)
lb/hr-a
( 637-1255)
(109.9697)
(281.0931)
kg/hr-a
( 756.6856)
(144.9982 )
(334.6591)
mg/dscm
( 0.330662)
(0.063362 )
(o.l46242)
gr/dscf
( 1420.2684)
(243.1176 )
(624.1819)
lb/hra
( 644.2224 )
(110.276^
(283.1239)
kg/hr-a
(Hg)
A-17
ENTROPY
-------
PLANT Poducoh Gaseous Diffusion DATE 06-24-66
SAMPLING LOCATION 637-2A, Riser 7, FC14,13 RUN NUMBER 7-14,13-1
OPERATOR DR NOZZLE • 608
BAR. PtttSS., in. Hg 29.660 W3ZZLE DIAMETER, m. 0299
STATIC PRESS., in. H20 0.000 METER BOX NUMBER N-17
LEAK TEST VACUUM, in.Hg 12.250 METER BOX 1.76
LEAK RATE, CFM 0.000 ASSUMED MOISTURE, 9S 6
FILTER NUMBERS Teflon
Sample
Sample
Dry Gas
Pitot Vel.
Orifice
AH
Gas Meter
Pump
Pitot
Imp. Exit
Stack
Leak
Pomt.
Time
Meter Reading
Head
(in. H20)
Temp.
Vac.
Anemometer
Temp.
Temp.
Che<'
No.
(Min.)
(Cu.FO
(in.H20)
Desired
Actual
(deg. F)
(in.Hg)
(sc)MV
(deg.F)
(deg J)
A-1
0/0
785.492
0.050
0.42
0.42
88
3.0
230
60
83
2
5.0
787260
0.110
0.87
0.87
88
5.0
335
60
80
3
10.0
789.940
0.250
1.89
1.89
89
11.0
510
60
97
793 '3
4
15.0
793.960
0.280
2.10
2.10
101
7.0
540
60
97
793241
5
20.0
798.080
0.320
2.46
2.46
106
8.0
570
60
94
6
25.0
802.720
0290
2.30
2.30
108
7.0
540
60
84
12
30.0
807.060
0.050
0.38
0.38
109
3.0
220
60
87
11
35.0
808.850
0.310
2.41
2.41
110
8.0
555
60
87
10
40.0
813.300
0.300
2.35
2.35
112
8.0
550
60
90
9
45.0
817.720
0.300
2.36
2.36
113
8.0
550
60
89
8
50.0
822200
0.340
2.71
2.71
114
2.0
520
60
90
7
55.0
826.960
0.310
2.45
2.45
115
8.0
560
60
90
B-1
60/0
831.577
0.090
0.75
0.75
114
4.0
310
60
90
CO
2
5.0
834.170
0250
1.96
1.96
114
7.0
500
60
89
831.572
3
10.0
838200
0220
1.77
1.77
116
6.0
470
60
83
4
15.0
. 842.050
0.310
2.49
2.49
117
8.0
335
60
81
5
20.0
846.640
0290
2.37
2.37
118
7.0
540
60
80
6
25.0
851.120
0.040
0.31
0.31
118
2.0
200
60
92
12
30.0
852.740
0.190
1.49
1.49
116
6.0
440
65
94
11
35.0
856.470
0240
1.92
1.92
117
7.0
500
60
96
10
40.0
860.370
0240
1.88
1.88
118
7.0
495
60
96
9
45.0
864.300
0290
225
225
118
7.0
540
60
95
8
50.0
868.620
0260
2.05
2.05
119
7.0
510
60
90
7
55.0
872.860
0.040
0.31
0.31
119
2.0
200
60
90
0.168
6
120/0FF
874.448
0 ~~2
DIFF/AVG.
88.716
0.20751
1.760
111
89
4
A-18
-------
PLANT Paduoah Gaseous Diffusion DATE 06-24-86
SAMPLHG LOCATION 637-2A, Riser 7, FC14,14 RUN NUMBER 7-14,14-2
OPERATOR DR NOZZLE • 607
BAR. PRESS., in. Hg 29.600 NOZZLE DIAMETER, in. 0.305
STATIC PRESS., in. H20 0.000 METER BOX NUMBER N-17
LEAK TEST VACUUM, inUg 12.000 METER BOX AH
-------
PLANT Poduooh Gomous Diffusion DATE 06-26-86
SAMPLING LOCATION 637-2A, Riser 7, FC14,13 Rltfl NUMBER 7-14,13-6
OPERATOR DR NOZZLE • 608
BAR. PRESS., in. Hg 29.720 NOZZLE DIAMETER, in. 0299
STATIC PRESS., in. H20 0.000 t"ETER BOX NUMBER N-7
LEAK TEST VACUUM, in.Hg 11.667 METER BOX AH@ 1.79
LEAK RATE, CFM 0.0010 ASSIMED MOISTl^E, % 6
Somple Sample Dry Gas Pitot Vel. Orifice AH Gas Meter Pump Pitot Imp. Exit Stock Leave
Point. Tfrne Meter Reading Head (in. H20) Temp. Voc. Anemometer Temp. Temp. Che*
No. (Min.) (Cuft.) (inJCO) Desired Actual (deg. F) (in.Hg) (sc)MV (deg.F) (deg.F)
14-12
0/0
700.672
0.070
0.55
0.55
89
3.0
270
68
93
11
5.0
702.840
0.240
1.86
1.86
89
6.0
500
60
96
10
10.0
706.530
0.310
2.34
2.34
90
7.0
560
60
95
9
15.0
710.880
0.400
3.09
3.09
93
9.0
640
60
94
8
20.0
715.830
0.330
2.54
2.54
95
7.0
580
60
95
7
25.0
720.300
0.0400
0.30
0.30
97
2.0
200
60
94
6
30.0
721.940
0.0400
0270
0270
95
2.0
190
60
95
5
35.0
723.470
0.150
1.16
1.16
95
4.0
390
60
92
4
40.0
726.630
0210
1.58
1.58
96
5.0
460
60
98
3
45.0
730230
0260
1.98
1.98
95
6.0
510
60
93
2
50.0
734.180
0.170
1.31
1.31
95
5.0
410
60
87
1
55.0
737.530
0.090
0.71
0.71
96
3.0
300
60
85
13-12
60/0
740.077
0.050
0.38
0.38
94
2.0
230
68
106
11
5 JO
741.910
0.140
1.06
1.06
94
4.0
380
60
103
10
10.0
744.900
0.022
1.63
1.63
94
6.0
475
60
107
9
15.0
748.520
0270
2.08
2.08
95
7.0
530
60
106
8
20.0
752.620
0240
1.87
1.87
96
6.0
500
60
98
7
25.0
756.520
0.0300
026
026
97
2.0
185
60
93
6
30.0
758.040
0.0400
027
027
96
2.0
190
60
97
5
35.0
759.570
0.160
124
124
95
5.0
400
60
88
4
40.0
762.760
0230
1.77
1.77
95
6.0
475
60
85
3
45.0
766.680
0250
1.93
1.93
95
6.0
500
60
88
2
50.0
770.470
0200
1.56
1.56
96
5.0
450
60
89
1
55.0
774.000
0.070
0.52
0.52
97
3.0
260
60
89
120/OFF
776.140
DIFF/AVG.
75.412
0.1471
1.344
95
94
A-20
-------
ISOKINETIC SAMPLING TRAIN FIELD DATA &
RESULTS TABULATION
PLANT: Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Paducah, Kentucky
RUN #
DATE SAMPLING LOCATION
OPERATOR
71^.13-1
714.14-2
714.13-6
6/24/86 Cooling Tower 637-2A, Fans 13
6/24/86 Cooling Tower 637-2A, Fan 14
6/26/86 Cooling Tower 637-2A, Fans 13
& 14
k 14
B. Dwain
B. Dwain
B. Dwain
R1tchie
Ritchie
Ri tchie
714.13-1
714.14-2
714.13-6
Run Start Time
Run Finish Time
924
1231
1302
1515
1312
1537
Net Sampling Points
24
24
24
Theta
Net Run Time, Minutes
120.00
120.00
120.00
Dia
Nozzle Diameter, Inches
0.299
0.305
0.299
CP
Pitot Tube Coefficient
0.840
0.840
0.840
Y
Dry Gas Meter Calibration Factor
O.991
0.991
1 . 010
Pbar
Barometric Pressure, Inches Hg
29.66
29.66
29.72
Delta H
Avg. Pressure Differential of
Orifice Meter, Inches H20
1.760
1.500
1.340
Vm
Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry ACF
88.716
80.570
75-412
tm
Dry Gas Meter Temperature. Degrees F
111
120
95
Vm(std)
Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry SCF*
80.934
72.316
72.186
Vic
Total Volume of Liquid Collected
in Impingers &. Silica Gel, mL
82.0
91.0
87.0
Vw(std)
Volume of Water Vapor, SCF*
3-860
4.283
4.095
ZH20
Moisture Content. Percent by Volume
4.6
5-6
5.4
Mfd
Dry Mole Fraction
0.954
0.944
0.946
Md
Estimated Dry Molecular Wt. Lb/Lb-Mole
28.84
28.84
28.84
Ms
Wet Molecular Weight. Lb/Lb-Mole
28.34
28.23
28.25
Pg
Flue Gas Static Pressure, Inches H20
+ 0.00
~0.00
+0 .00
Ps
Absolute Flue Gas Press., Inches HG
29-66
29.66
29.72
ts
Flue Gas Temperature, Degrees F
89
95
94
Delta p
Average Velocity Head. Inches H20
0.2075
0.1547
0.1471
vs
Flue Gas Velocity, Feet/Second
26.44
23.00
22.37
A
Stack/Duct Area, Square Inches
55.990
55.990
55.990
Qsd
Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Dry SCFM*
560,981
477.453
467.373
Qaw
Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Wet ACFM
616,712
536,468
521,901
21
Isokinetic Sampling Rate, Percent
95-7
96.6
102.5
* 68 Degrees F -- 29-92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
(continued next page)
A-21
ENTROPV
-------
714.13-1 714.14-2 714.13-6
Hexavalent Chromium Emissions:
mg Catch, Milligrams
gr/DSCF Concentration, Grains per DSCF*
Lb/Hr Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRa)
Total Chromium Emissions:
mg Total Catch, Milligrams
gr/DSCF Concentration, Grains per DSCF*
Lb/Hr Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRa)
FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE:
Degrees Fahrenheit
Degrees Centigrade
AIR FLOW RATES x million:
Actual Cubic Meters/hr
Actual Cubic Feet/hr
Dry Std. Cubic Meters/hr*
Dry Std. Cubic Feet/hr*
HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
Concentration, gr/dscf*
Emissions (PMRa). lb/hr
Emissions (PMRa), kg/hr
TOTAL CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
Concentration, gr/dscf*
Emissions (PMRa), lb/hr
Emissions (PMRa), kg/hr
(6.088.0)
( I.I61)
( 5.35l)
( 6.115.4)
( 1.166)
( 5.375 )
89
32
1.0479
37.0027
0.9532
33-6589
( 2656.4806)
( 1.160847)
( 5351.2775)
(2427.2967)
( 2668.4365)
( 1.166071)
( 5375.3617)
( 2438.221l)
(469.4 )
( 0.1002)
( 396.5)
(471.9)
( 0.1007)
( 398.6)
95
35
0.9116
32.1881
0.8113
28.6472
(924.7"
(0.1977
(812.8
( 930.7
( 0.1990
(818.1
94 deg. F
34 deg. C
0.8868 acmh
31-3141 acfh
0.7942 dscmh
28.0424 dscfh
(229.2315) ( 452.3876 )mg/d scm
(0.10017l) ( 0.197687 ) gr/dscf
(396.5232) ( 812.8000 ) lb/hr-a
(179-8598) ( 368.6796 ) kg/hr-a
(230.4524) ( 455-3229 ) mg/dscm
(0.100705) (0.198970) gr/dscf
(398.635l) ( 818.0739 ) lb/hra
(180.8177) ( 371.0718 ) kg/hr-a
* 68 Degrees F -- 29-92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
( ) = x 10-
A-22
ENTROPY
-------
PLANT Poducoh Gaseous Diffusion DATE 06-27-86
SAMPLWG LOCATION 637-2A, Riser 7, FC14,13 RUN NUMBER 7-14,13-7
OPERATOR SSH N0Z2.E * 507
BAR. PRESS., in. Hg 29.720 NOZZLE DIAMETER, in. 0.304
STATIC PRESS., in. H20 0.000 METER BOX NlfrffiER N-3
LEAK TEST VACUUM, in.Hg 14.000 METER BOX AH@ 1.914
LEAK RATE, CFM 0.0063 ASSUMED MOISTURE, % 6
Sample
Point.
Sample
Time
Dry Gas
Meter Reading
Pitot Vel.
Head
Orifice
(in. H20)
AH
Gas Meter
Temp.
Pump
Vac.
Pitot
Anemometer
Imp. Exit
Temp.
Stack
Temp.
Leak
Check
No.
(Min.)
(Cu.Ft.)
(in.H20)
Desired
Actual
(deg. F)
(in.Hg)
(sc) MV
(deg.F)
(deg.F)
14-1
0/0
804.532
0.220
1.870
1.870
86
6.5
470
66
95
2
5.0
808.000
0.240
2.060
2.OK)
83
6.5
492
61
92
3
10.0
811.730
0.310
2.620
2.620
85
7.5
567
61
105
4
15.0
815.950
0.330
2.780
2.780
88
9.0
580
62
103
5
20.0
820.170
0.280
2.420
2.420
91
9.0
535
62
98
6
25.0
824.370
0.0030
0.0300
0.030
95
8.5
55
62
101
7
30.0
825.370
0.0026
0.0200
0.020
93
1.0
52
62
103
8
35.0
825.640
0280
2.370
2.370
92
8.5
535
63
105
9
40.0
829.600
0.380
3280
3280
91
8.5
628
63
103
10
45.0
834.200
0.360
3.110
3.110
93
11.0
607
63
100
11
50.0
839.000
0.230
1.960
1.960
93
7.5
485
63
103
12
55.0
842.680
0.180
1.560
1.560
93
7.0
432
64
102
13-1
60/0
845.965
0250
2220
2220
89
7.0
508
68
93
845.965
2
5.0
850.110
0.330
2.840
2.840
89
8.0
576
62
94
846.1
3
10.0
854.460
0.380
3290
3290
91
11.0
619
62
94
4
15.0
859.100
0.430
3.800
3.800
93
11.0
663
62
93
5
20.0
864.000
0.330
2.860
2.860
93
11.0
575
63
93
6
25.0
868.870
0.0024
0.0200
0.020
93
1.0
50
63
100
7
30.0
869.170
0.0004
0.0030
0.003
91
1.0
21
63
101
8
35.0
869.530
0280
2.370
2.370
91
8.5
537
64
106
9
40.0
872.900
0.150
1.310
1.310
92
5.5
402
64
110
10
45.0
876.442
0.120
1.020
1.020
92
5.0
355
64
111
11
50.0
879200
0.120
1.040
1.040
92
5.0
358
65
111
12
55.0
882.110
0.120
0.970
0.970
92
5.0
348
65
113
0
120/OFF
884.577
0.135
FF/AVG.
79.910
0.1849
1.909
91
101
0.135
A-23
-------
PLANT Poducoh Gaseous Diffusion DATE 06-27-86
SAMPLING LOCATION 637-2A, Riser 7, FC13,14 RUNNUMKR 7-13,14-8
OPERATOR DR NOZZLE• 608
BAR. PRESS., in. Hg 29.720 NOZZLE DIAMETER, in. 0299
STATIC PRESS., in. H20 0.000 METER BOX NUMBER N-7
LEAK TEST VACUUM, in.Hg 10.667 METER BOX AH@ 1.79
LEAK RATE, CFM 0.0010 ASSUMED MOISTURE, 96 6
Sample
Sample
Dry Gas
Pitot Vel.
Orifice
AH
Gas Meter
Pump
Pitot
imp. Exit
Stack
Point.
Time
Meter Reading
Head
(in. H20)
Temp.
Vac.
Anemometer
Temp.
Temp.
No.
(Min.)
(Cu.Ft.)
(in.H20)
Desired
Actual
(deg. F)
(in.Hg)
(sc) MV
(deg.F)
(deg.F:
13-12
o
"•s.
o
920.554
0.060
0.410
0.410
85
2.0
240
68
105
11
5.0
922.430
0.150
1.160
1.160
85
4.0
400
60
102
10
10.0
925.530
0.250
1.910
1.910
87
6.0
510
60
98
9
13.0
929.440
0.280
2.100
2.100
89
6.0
530
60
95
8
20.0
933.500
0.280
2.160
2.160
91
7.0
530
60
88
7
25.0
937.650
0.0400
0.3000
0.300
91
2.0
195
60
77
6
30.0
939.300
0.0300
02600
0260
89
2.0
180
60
80
5
35.0
940.800
0.130
1.020
1.020
88
4.0
360
60
80
4
40.0
943.760
0.180
1.390
1.390
89
5.0
420
60
81
3
45.0
947.190
0230
1.780
1.780
88
6.0
480
60
85
2
50.0
950.930
0220
1.710
1.710
90
6.0
470
60
86
1
55.0
954.600
0.090
0.700
0.700
90
3.0
300
60
85
14-12
60/0
957.143
0.030
0200
0200
88
1.0
160
68
76
11
5.0
958.510
0.110
0.910
0.910
88
4.0
330
60
64
10
10.0
961.260
0.310
2.450
2.450
89
7.0
560
60
82
9
15.0
965.630
0.300
2260
2260
90
7.0
550
60
95
8
20.0
969.870
0240
1.820
1.820
91
7.0
490
60
92
7
25.0
973.750
0.0300
0.2000
0200
91
1.0
160
60
86
6
30.0
975.070
0.0300
02600
0260
90
2.0
180
60
80
5
35.0
976.650
0.120
0.970
0.970
89
4.0
350
60
79
4
40.0
979.470
0.170
1.340
1.340
90
5.0
415
60
85
3
45.0
982.860
0.170
1.340
1.340
91
5.0
420
60
92
2
50.0
986.180
0.130
0.960
0.960
92
4.0
360
60
98
1
55.0
988.980
0.090
0.660
0.660
92
3.0
300
60
103
120/0FF
991.394
DIFF/AVG.
70.789
0.1367
1.178
89
87
Lew
Cher'-
0'
0
A-24
-------
ISOKINETIC SAMPLING TRAIN FIELD DATA & RESULTS TABULATION
PLANT: Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Paducah, Kentucky
RUN # DATE SAMPLING LOCATION
OPERATOR
714.13-7 6/27/86 Cooling Tower 637-2A. Fans 13 8> 14
713.14-8 6/27/86 Cooling Tower 637-2A. Fans 13 14
Run Start Time
Run Finish Time
Net Sampling Points
Net Run Time, Minutes
Nozzle Diameter, Inches
Pitot Tube Coefficient
Dry Gas Meter Calibration Factor
Barometric Pressure, Inches Hg
Stephen S. Helms
B. Dwain Ritchie
Theta
Dia
Cp
Y
Pbar
Delta H
Vm
tm
Vm(std)
Vic
Vw(std)
XH20
Mfd
Md
Ms
Pg
Ps
ts
Delta p
vs
A
Qsd
Qaw
11
Avg. Pressure Differential of
Orifice Meter. Inches H20
Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry ACF
Dry Gas Meter Temperature, Degrees F
Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry SCF*
Total Volume of Liquid Collected
in Impingers & Silica Gel, mL
Volume of Water Vapor, SCF*
Moisture Content, Percent by Volume
Dry Mole Fraction
Estimated Dry Molecular Wt, Lb/Lb-Mole
Wet Molecular Weight, Lb/Lb-Mole
Flue Gas Static Pressure, Inches H20
Absolute Flue Gas Press., Inches HG
Flue Gas Temperature, Degrees F
Average Velocity Head, Inches H20
Flue Gas Velocity, Feet/Second
Stack/Duct Area, Square Inches
Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Dry SCFM*
Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Wet ACFM
Isokinetic Sampling Rate, Percent
714.13-7
823
1050
24
120.00
0.304
0.840
1.002
29.72
1 -910
79-910
91
76.544
116.0
5.460
6.7
0-933
28.84
28.11
+ 0.00
29-72
101
0.1849
25-30
55.990
514.891
590.275
95-4
713.14-8
829
1046
24
120.00
0-299
0.840
1.010
29-72
1.180
70.789
89
68.475
66.0
3-107
4-3
0.957
28.84
28.37
+0.00
29-72
87
0.1367
21-39
55.990
457,448
498,942
99-3
68 Degrees F -- 29-92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
(continued next page)
A-25
3ITROPV
-------
714.13-7
713.1^-8
Hexavalent Chromium Emissions:
mg Catch, Milligrams
gr/DSCF Concentration, Grains per DSCF*
Lb/Hr Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRa)
Total Chromium Emissions:
mg Total Catch, Milligrams
gr/DSCF Concentration, Grains per DSCF*
Lb/Hr Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRa)
FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE:
Degrees Fahrenheit
Degrees Centigrade
AIR FLOW RATES x million:
Actual Cubic Meters/hr
Actual Cubic Feet/hr
Dry Std. Cubic Meters/hr*
Dry Std. Cubic Feet/hr*
HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
Concentration, gr/dscf*
Emissions (PMRa), lb/hr
Emissions (PMRa), kg/hr
TOTAL CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
Concentration, gr/dscf*
Emissions (PMRa), lb/hr
Emissions (PMRa), kg/hr
( 88I.9)
( 0.1778)
(749.9)
( 887.5)
( 0.1789)
( 754.7)
101
38
1.0030
35-4165
0.8749
30.8935
( 406.8841)
( 0.177803)
( 749.8897)
( 340.1440)
( 409-4678)
( 0.178932 )
( 754.6514 )
( 342.3038 )
( 819.8 )
( 0.1848 )
( 720.6 )
( 824.1 )
( 0.1857 )
(724.4 )
87 deg. F
31 deg. C
0.8478 acmh
29.9365 acfh
0-7773 dscmh
27-4469 dscfh
(422.8o8o) mg/dscm
(o.l8476l) gr/dscf
(720.5942) lb/hr-a
(326.8558) kg/hr-a
(425.0257) mg/dscm
(o.l8573l) gr/dscf
(724.3738) lb/hra
(328.5702) kg/hr-a
* 68 Degrees F -- 29-92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
( ) = x 10
-6
A-26
"NTROPV
-------
PLANT Poduoah Gaseous Diffusion DATE 06-27-86
SAhFLHG LOCATION 637-2A, Riser 7, FC14 RIW NUMBER 7-14-9
OPERATOR SSH NOZZLE« 507
BAR. PRESS., in. Hg 29.720 NOZZLE DIAMETER, in. 0.301
STATIC PRESS., in. H20 0.000 METER BOX NUMBER N-3
LEAK TEST VACUUM, fri.Hg 13.000 METER BOX AH
-------
PLANT Poducoh Gaseous Diffusion DATE 06-27-86
SAMPLING LOCATION 637-2A, Riser 7, FC13 RUN NUMBER 7-13-9
OPERATOR DR NOZZLE * 607
BAR. PRESS., in. Hg 29.720 NOZZLE DIAMETER, in. 0.305
STATIC PRESS., in. H20 0.000 METER BOX NUMBER N-7
LEAK TEST VACUUM, inUg 13.750 METER BOX Art? 1.79
LEAK RATE, CFM 0.0000 ASSUMED MOISTURE, % 6
Sample
Sample
Dry Gas
Pitot Vel.
Orifice
&H
Gas Meter
Pwnp
Pitot
Imp. Exit
Stack
Point.
Time
Meter Reading
Head
(in. H20)
Temp.
Vac.
Anemometer
Temp.
Temp.
No.
(Mm.)
(Cu.Ft.)
(in.H20)
Desired
Actual
(deg. F)
(in.Hg)
(sc)MV
(deg.F)
(deg J)
13-12
0/0
991.562
0.030
0230
0230
91
1.0
170
68
103
11
5.0
992.960
0.220
1.790
1.790
92
4.0
480
60
108
10
10.0
996.700
0.150
1.190
1.190
95
3.0
390
60
106
9
15.0
999.930
0200
1.600
1.600
95
4.0
450
60
105
8
20.0
1003.500
0.250
2.090
2.090
96
5.0
510
60
100
7
25.0
1007.680
0X1300
02100
0210
98
1.0
160
60
94
6
30.0
1009.050
0.0300
02400
0.240
97
1.0
170
60
95
5
35.0
1010.700
0.040
0.340
0.340
95
2.0
200
60
88
4
40.0
1012.340
0.180
1.480
1.480
95
5.0
420
60
88
3
45.0
1015.870
0.210
1.760
1.760
95
6.0
460
60
90
2
50.0
1019.550
0220
1.860
1.860
97
6.0
470
60
88
1
55.0
1023.400
0.070
0.570
0.570
98
3.0
260
60
88
60/CFF
1025.552
DIFF/AVG.
33.841
0.11%
1.113
95
96
Leak
Chei
A-28
-------
ISOKINETIC SAMPLING TRAIN FIELD DATA t RESULTS TABULATION
PLANT: Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant, Paducah, Kentucky
RUN # DATE SAMPLING LOCATION
OPERATOR
7-14-9
7-13-9
6/27/86 Cooling Tower 637-2A, Fan 14
6/27/86 Cooling Tower 637-2A, Fan 13
Stephen S. Helms
B. Dwain Ritchie
Run Start Time
Run Finish Time
Net Sampling Points
Theta Net Run Time, Minutes
Dia Nozzle Diameter, Inches
Cp Pitot Tube Coefficient
Y Dry Gas Meter Calibration Factor
Pbar Barometric Pressure, Inches Hg
Delta H Avg. Pressure Differential of
Orifice Meter, Inches H20
Vm Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry ACF
tm Dry Gas Meter Temperature, Degrees F
Vm(std) Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry SCF*
Vic Total Volume of Liquid Collected
in Impingers & Silica Gel, mL
Vw(std) Volume of Water Vapor, SCF*
ZH20 Moisture Content, Percent by Volume
Mfd Dry Mole Fraction
Md Estimated Dry Molecular Wt, Lb/Lb-Mole
Ms Wet Molecular Weight, Lb/Lb-Mole
Pg Flue Gas Static Pressure, Inches H20
Ps Absolute Flue Gas Press., Inches HG
ts Flue Gas Temperature, Degrees F
Delta p Average Velocity Head, Inches H20
vs Flue Gas Velocity, Feet/Second
A Stack/Duct Area, Square Inches
Qsd Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Dry SCFM*
Qaw Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Wet ACFM
XI Isokinetic Sampling Rate, Percent
* 68 Degrees F -- 29-92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
7-14-9
1114
1214
12
60.00
0.304
0.840
1.002
29.72
1 -920
40.167
97
38.062
63.0
2.965
7.2
O.928
28.84
28.05
+ 0.00
29.72
104
O.1832
25.28
55.990
508,593
589.771
96.1
7-13-9
1110
1229
12
60.00
0.305
0.840
1.010
29.72
1.110
33-841
95
32-375
42.0
1-977
5-8
0.942
28.84
28.21
+ 0.00
29.72
96
0.1189
20.16
55.990
418,032
470.411
98.8
(continued next page)
A-29
-------
7-14-9
7-13-9
Hexavalent Chromium Emissions:
mg
gr/DSCF
Lb/Hr
mg
gr/DSCF
Lb/Hr
Catch, Milligrams
(645.2 )
( 429 ¦ 7)
Concentration, Grains per DSCF*
(0.2616 )
( 0.2048)
Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRa)
( 1.097 )
( 726.o)
Total Chromium Emissions:
Total Catch, Milligrams
( 648.9 )
¦e-
<-0
t—1
CD
Concentration, Grains per DSCF*
( 0.2631 )
( 0.2058)
Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRa)
( 1,104 )
(729.5 -
!
FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE:
Degrees Fahrenheit
104
96
deg. F
Degrees Centigrade
40
36
deg. C
AIR FLOW RATES x million:
Actual Cubic Meters/hr
1.0021
0.7993
acmh
Actual Cubic Feet/hr
35.3863
28.2247
acfh
Dry Std. Cubic Meters/hr*
0.8642
0.7103
dscmh
Dry Std. Cubic Feet/hr*
30.5156
25.0819
dscfh
HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
(468.7258)
Concentration, mg/dscm*
( 598.6464 )
mg/dscm
Concentration, gr/dscf*
( 0.261601 )
(0.204827)
gr/dscf
Emissions (PMRa), lb/hr
( 1097.2419 )
(725.9737)
lb/hr-a
Emissions (PMRa), kg/hr
( 497.7001 )
(329.2959)
kg/hr-a
TOTAL CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
(602.0795 )
(471.0165)
mg/dscm
Concentration, gr/dscf*
(0.263101)
(0.205828)
gr/dscf
Emissions (PMRa), lb/hr
( 1103.5343
( 729.5216)
lb/hra
Emissions (PMRa), kg/hr
( 500.5543)
(330.9052)
kg/hr-a
( ) = x 10
68 Degrees F -- 29-92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
-6
:A-30
rNTROPV
-------
PLANT
SAMPLING LOCATION
OPERATOR
BAR. PRESS., in. Hg
STATIC PRESS., in. H20
LEAK TEST VACUUM, in.Hg
LEAK RATE, CFM
Poducah Gaseous Diffusion
637-2A,
OR
29.600
0.000
15.000
0.0020
Riser 7, FC 14
DATE
RUN NUMBER
NOZZLE •
NOZZLE DIAMETER, in.
METER BOX NUMBER
METER BOX AH@
ASSUMED MOISTURE, %
06-23,24-86
PL-D1-7-14-1
DISC
N-17
1.76
6
Sampl* Sompto Dry Gas Pitot Vel. Orifio* AH Gas Met®r Pump Pitot imp. Exit Staok L«ok
Point. Time Meter Reading Head (in.H20) Temp. Vac. Anemometer Temp. Temp. Check
No. (Min.) (Cu.Ft.) (in.H20) Desired Actual (deg.F) (in.Hg) (sc) MV (deg.F) (deg.F)
1 0/0 950.823 0.280 2.250 2.250 95 8.0 NA 60 95
2-W off 1785.429 2.230 131
DIFF/AVG. 834.606 02800 2.250 113 95
A-31
-------
ISOKINETIC SAMPLING TRAIN FIELD DATA & RESULTS TABULATION
PLANT: Martin Marietta, (EMB), Paducah, Kentucky
RUN # DATE SAMPLING LOCATION
DI7-14-1 6/23/86 637-2A, Riser #7. FAN #14
Run Start Time
Run Finish Time
Net Sampling Points
Theta Net Run Time. Minutes
Dia Nozzle Diameter, IncheB
Cp Pitot Tube Coefficient
Y Dry Gas Meter Calibration Factor
Pbar Barometric Pressure, Inches Hg
Delta H Avg. Pressure Differential of
Orifice Meter, Inches H20
Vm Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry ACF
tm Dry Gas Meter Temperature. Degrees F
Vm(std) Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry SCF*
Vic Total Volume of Liquid Collected
in Impingers & Silica Gel, mL
Vw(std) Volume of Water Vapor, SCF*
ZH20 Moisture Content, Percent by Volume
Mfd Dry Mole Fraction
Md Estimated Dry Molecular Wt, Lb/Lb-Mole
Ms Wet Molecular Weight, Lb/Lb-Mole
Pg Flue Gas Static Pressure. Inches H20
Ps Absolute Flue Gas Press., Inches HG
ts Flue Gas Temperature, Degrees F
Delta p Average Velocity Head, Inches H20
vs Flue Gas Velocity, Feet/Second
A Stack/Duct Area, Square Inches
Qsd Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Dry SCFM*
Qaw Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Wet ACFM
%I Isokinetic Sampling Rate, Percent
* 68 Degrees F -- 29-92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
OPERATOR
B. Dwain Ritchie
DI7-U-1
1550
1U2
1
952.00
0.300
0.840
0-991
29.60
2.250
834•606
113
757.901
955-0
44.952
5-6
0.944
28.84
28.23
+ 0.00
29.60
95
0.2800
30.97
55.990
641,650
722,476
98.1
(continued next page)
A-32
NTROPY
-------
DI7-14-1
Hexavalent Chromium Emissions:
mg Catch, Milligrams
gr/DSCF Concentration, Grains per DSCF*
Lb/Hr Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRc)
Total Chromium Emissions:
mg Total Catch. Milligrams
gr/DSCF Concentration, Grains per DSCF*
Lb/Hr Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRc)
FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE:
Degrees Fahrenheit
Degrees Centigrade
AIR FLOW RATES x million:
Actual Cubic Meters/hr
Actual Cubic Feet/hr
Dry Std. Cubic Meters/hr*
Dry Std. Cubic Feet/hr*
HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
Concentration, gr/dscf*
Emissions (PMRc), lb/hr
Emissions (PMRc). kg/hr
TOTAL CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
Concentration, gr/dscf*
Emissions (PMRc), lb/hr
Emissions (PMRc), kg/hr
( 3.905-4)
( 0.07952)
(437-4 )
( 3.928.9)
( 0.08000)
(440.0)
95 deg. F
35 deg. C
1.2276 acmh
43.3486 acfh
1.0903 dscmh
38.4990 dscfh
( 181.9774) mg/dscm
( 0.079522) gr/dscf
(437-3582) lb/hr-c
( 198.3822 ) kg/hr-c
( 183.072A ) mg/dscm
( 0.080000 ) gr/dscf
(439.9899 ) lb/hrc
(199.5759 ) kg/hr-c
* 68 Degrees F -- 29.92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
) = x 10"6
A-33
ENTROPY
-------
PLANT
SAMPLING LOCATION
OPERATOR
BAR. PRESS., in. Hg
STATIC PRESS., in. H20
LEAK TEST VACUUM, in.Hg
LEAK RATE, CFM
Poducoh Gaseous Diffusion
637-2A, Riser 7, FC 14
BFR
29.720
11.000
0.0025
DATE
RUN NUMBER
NOZZLE 9
NOZZLE DIAMETER, in.
METER BOX NUMBER
METER BOX AH@
ASSUMED MOISTURE, %
06-26-86
PS-NZ-7-14-4
609
0.301
N-7
1.76
6
Sample Sample
Point. Time
No. (Min.)
Dry Gas
Meter Reading
(CuFt.)
Pitot Vel.
Head
(in.H20)
Orifice AH
(in. H20)
Desired Actual
Gas Meter Pump Pitot Imp. Exit Stack Lec
Temp. Vac. Anemometer Temp. Temp. Che
(deg. F) (in.Hg) (sc) MV (deg.F) (deg.F)
14-1 0/0
240/OFF
DIFF/AVG.
776.324
920.352
144.028
0.130 1.040 1.040 94
0.1300 1.040 94
5.0
370
95
95
A-34
-------
PLANT
SAMPLING LOCATION
OPERATOR
BAR. PRESS., In. Hg
STATIC PRESS., in. H20
LEAK TEST VACUUM, in.Hg
LEAK RATE, CFM
Poducah Gaseous Diffusion
637-2A, Riser?, FC 14
BFR
29.720
11.000
0.0020
DATE
RUN NUMBER
NOZZLE *
NOZZLE DIAMETER, in.
METER BOX NUMBER
METER BOX AH@
ASSUMED MOISTURE,!
06-26-86
PS-D1-7-14-4
N-17
6
Sample Sample Dry Gas Pitot Vel. Orifice AH Gas Meter Pump Pitot Imp. Exit Stock Leak
Point. Time Meter Reading Head (in. H20) Temp. Vac. Anemometer Temp. Temp. Check
No. (Min.) (Cu.Ft.) (in.H20) Desired Actual (deg.F) (in.Hg) (sc) MV (deg.F) (deg.F)
14-1 0/0 195.804 0.130 1.040 1.040 94 5.0 370 95
240/0FF 338.449
DIFF/AVG. 142.645 0.1300 1.040 94 95
A-35
-------
ISOKINETIC SAMPLING TRAIN FIELD DATA «. RESULTS TABULATION
PLANT: Martin Marietta, (EMB). Paducah. Kentucky
RUN # DATE SAMPLING LOCATION
OPERATOR
DI7-14-4 6/26/86 637-2A, Riser #7, FAN #14
NZ7-14-4 6/26/86 637-2A. Riser #7. FAN N\k
Run Start Time
Run Finish Time
Net Sampling Points
Net Run Time, Minutes
Nozzle Diameter, Inches
Pitot Tube Coefficient
Dry Gas Meter Calibration Factor
Barometric Pressure, Inches Hg
Barry F. Rudd
Barry F. Rudd
Theta
Dia
Cp
Y
Pbar
Delta H
Vm
tin
Vm(std)
Vic
Vw(std)
XH20
Mfd
Md
Ms
Pg
Ps
ts
Delta p
vs
A
Qsd
Qaw
XI
Avg. Pressure Differential of
Orifice Meter, Inches H20
Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry ACF
Dry Gas Meter Temperature. Degrees F
Volume of Metered Gas Sample. Dry SCF*
Total Volume of Liquid Collected
in Impingers & Silica Gel, mL
Volume of Water Vapor, SCF*
Moisture Content, Percent by Volume
Dry Mole Fraction
Estimated Dry Molecular Wt, Lb/Lb-Mole
Wet Molecular Weight, Lb/Lb-Mole
Flue Gas Static Pressure, Inches H20
Absolute Flue Gas Press., Inches HG
Flue Gas Temperature, Degrees F
Average Velocity Head. Inches H20
Flue Gas Velocity, Feet/Second
Stack/Duct Area, Square Inches
Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Dry SCFM*
Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Wet ACFM
Isokinetic Sampling Rate, Percent
DI7-14-4
1600
2000
1
240.00
0.300
0.840
0-991
29.72
1 .040
142.645
94
134.117
167.0
7.861
5-5
0.945
28.84
28.24
+ 0.00
29.72
95
0.1300
21.06
55.990
438.334
491.231
100.8
NZ7-14-4
1600
2000
1
240.00
0.301
0.840
1.010
29.72
1.040
144.028
94
138.014
173-0
8.143
5.6
0.944
28.84
28.23
+0.00
29.72
95
0.1300
21.06
55.990
438.201
491,264
103.1
* 68 Degrees F -- 29-92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
(continued next page)
A-36
ZNTROPY
-------
DI7-14-4
NZ7-14-4
Hexavalent Chromium Emissions:
mg
gr/DSCF
Lb/Hr
mg
gr/DSCF
Lb/Hr
Catch, Milligrams
( 361.4)'
(l,072.8)
Concentration, Grains per DSCF* (0.04159)
( 0.1200)
Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour
(PMRc) (156-3)
(450.5)
Total Chromium Emissions:
Total Catch, Milligrams
(363-6)
(1.079.2)
Concentration, Grains per DSCF* (0.04184)
(0.1207)
Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour
(PMRc) (157.2)
(453-3)
FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE:
Degrees Fahrenheit
95
95 deg. F
Degrees Centigrade
35
35 deg. C
AIR FLOW RATES x million:
Actual Cubic Meters/hr
0.8347
0.8348 acmh
Actual Cubic Feet/hr
29.4738
29.4758 acfh
Dry Std. Cubic Meters/hr*
0.7448
0.7446 dscmh
Dry Std. Cubic Feet/hr*
26.3000
26.2921 dscfh
HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
( 95-1708)
( 274.4985 ) mg/dscm
Concentration, gr/dscf*
(0.041588)
( 0.119952 ) gr/dscf
Emissions (PMRc), lb/hr
( 156.2536)
( 450. 5414 ) lb/hr-c
Emissions (PMRc), kg/hr
( 70.8754)
( 204.3620 ) kg/hr-c
TOTAL CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
( 95.7422)
(276.1490 ) mg/dscm
Concentration, gr/dscf*
(0.041838)
(0.120673 ) gr/dscf
Emissions (PMRc), lb/hr
( 157.1917)
(453.2503 ) lb/hrc
Emissions (PMRc), kg/hr
( 71.3009)
(205•5907 ) kg/hr-c
* 68 Degrees F -- 29-92
Inches of Mercury (Hg)
) = X 10
-6
A-37
ZMTROPY
-------
PLANT
SAMPLING LOCATION
OPERATOR
BAR. PRESS., in. Hg
STATIC PRESS., in. H20
LEAK TEST VACUUM, in.Hg
LEAK RATE, CFM
Poducoh Gaseous Diffusion
637-2A, Riser 6, FC 11
BFR
29.720
12.500
0.0020
DATE
RUN NUMBER
NOZZLE 9
NOZZLE DIAffcTER, to.
METER BOX NUMBER
METER BOX AH®
ASSUMED MOISTURE, %
(K-27-86
PS-DH6-11-5
RAC-3
1.68
6
Sample Sample
Dry Gas
Prtot Vel.
Orifice
AH
Gas Meter
Pump
Pitot
Imp. Exit
Stock
LeaK
Point. Time
Meter Reading
Head
(in. H20)
Temp.
Vac.
Anemometer
Temp.
Temp.
Che-'
No. (Min.)
(Cu.Ft.)
(in.H20)
Desired
Actual
(deg.F)
(in.Hg)
(sc)MV
(deg.F)
(deg.F)
11-3 0/0
715.600
0.330
2.490
2.490
98
8.0
580
57
98
240/OFF
943.861
DIFF/AVG.
228261
0.3300
2.490
98
98
A-38
-------
PLANT
SAMPL8K3 LOCATION
OPERATOR
BAR. PRESS., in. Hg
STATIC PRESS., in. H20
LEAK TEST VACUUM, in.Hg
LEAK RATE, CFM
Poducah Gaseous Diffusion
637-2A, Riser 6, FC 11
BFR
29.720
12.500
0.0035
DATE
RUN NUMBER
NOZZLE •
NOZZLE DIAMETER, in.
METER BOX NUMBER
METER BOX AH®
ASSUMED MOISTURE, %
06-27-86
PS-NZ-6-11-5
609
0.301
N-17
1.76
6
Sample Sample Dry Gas Pitot Vel. Orifice AH Gas Meter Pump Pitot Imp. Exit Stack Leak
Point. Time Meter Reading Heod (in. H20) Temp. Vac. Anemometer Temp. Temp. Check
No. (Min.) (Cu.Ft.) (in.H20) Desired Actual (deg. F) (in.Hg) (sc) MV (deg.F) (deq.F)
11-3 0/0 338.545 0.330 2.490 2.490 97 8.0 580 54 98
240/OFF 554.542
DIFF/AVG. 215.997 0.3300 2.490 97 98
A-39
-------
ISOKINETIC SAMPLING TRAIN FIELD DATA & RESULTS TABULATION
PLANT: Martin Marietta, (EMB). Paducah, Kentucky
RUN # DATE SAMPLING LOCATION
OPERATOR
DI6-11-5 6/27/86 637-2A, Riser #6, FAN #11
NZ6-11-5 6/27/86 637-2A. Riser #6. FAN #11
Run Start Time
Run Finish Time
Net Sampling Points
Net Run Time, Minutes
Nozzle Diameter, Inches
Pitot Tube Coefficient
Dry Gas Meter Calibration Factor
Barometric Pressure, Inches Hg
Barry F. Rudd
Barry F. Rudd
Theta
Dia
Cp
Y
Pbar
Delta H
Vra
tm
Vm(std)
Vic
Vw(std)
ZH20
Mfd
Md
Ms
Pg
Ps
ts
Delta p
vs
A
Qsd
Qaw
%1
Avg. Pressure Differential of
Orifice Meter, Inches H20
Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry ACF
Dry Gas Meter Temperature, Degrees F
Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry SCF*
Total Volume of Liquid Collected
in Impingers & Silica Gel, mL
Volume of Water Vapor, SCF*
Moisture Content, Percent by Volume
Dry Mole Fraction
Estimated Dry Molecular Wt. Lb/Lb-Mole
Wet Molecular Weight. Lb/Lb-Mole
Flue Gas Static Pressure. Inches H20
Absolute Flue Gas Press., Inches HG
Flue Gas Temperature, Degrees F
Average Velocity Head, Inches H20
Flue Gas Velocity, Feet/Second
Stack/Duct Area, Square Inches
Volumetric Air Flow Rate. Dry SCFM*
Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Wet ACFM
Isokinetic Sampling Rate, Percent
DI6-11-5
831
1231
240.00
0.300
0.840
0.992
29.72
2.490
228.261
98
213.990
295-0
13.886
6.1
0.939
28.84
28.18
+0.00
29.72
98
0.3300
33-67
55,990
693.132
785.608
101.8
NZ6-11-5
831
1231
240.00
0.301
0.840
0.991
29.72
¦ 2.490
215.997
97
202.713
279-0
13-133
6.1
0-939
28.84
28.18
+0.00
29.72
98
0.3300
33-^7
55.990
693,188
785.594
95-7
68 Degrees F -- 29-92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
(continued next page)
A-AO
ZMTRQPY
-------
DI6-11-5
NZ6-11-5
mg
gr/DSCF
Lb/Hr
mg
gr/DSCF
Lb/Hr
Hexavalent Chromium Emissions:
Catch, Milligrams
Concentration. Grains per DSCF*
Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRc)
Total Chromium Emissions:
( 1.072.6)"
(0.07735)
( 459.5)
( 2.077.2 )
(0.1581)
( 939-6 )
Total Catch. Milligrams
(l,075.2)
( 2,082.3 )
Concentration, Grains per DSCF
(0.07754)
( 0.1585)
Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRc)
( 460.7)
(941.9)
FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE:
Degrees Fahrenheit
98
98
deg. F
Degrees Centigrade
37
37
deg. C
AIR FLOW RATES x million:
Actual Cubic Meters/hr
1-3349
1.3349
acmh
Actual Cubic Feet/hr
47.1365
47.1357
acfh
Dry Std. Cubic Meters/hr*
1.1778
1.1779
dscmh
Dry Std. Cubic Feet/hr*
4l.5879
41.5913
dscfh
HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
( 177.0062 )
( 361.8700)
mg/dscm
Concentration, gr/dscf*
( 0.077349 )
(0.158132)
gr/dscf
Emissions (PMRc), lb/hr
( 459.5426 )
(939.5612)
lb/hr-c
Emissions (PMRc), kg/hr
( 208.4449 )
(426.1775)
kg/hr-c
TOTAL CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
(177-4436)
( 362.7655)
mg/dscm
Concentration, gr/dscf*
(0.077540)
( 0.158524)
gr/dscf
Emissions (PMRc), lb/hr
(460.6780 )
( 941.8862)
lb/hrc
Emissions (PMRc), kg/hr
(208.9599 )
( 427.2320)
kg/hr-c
* 68 Degrees F -- 29-92 Inches
of Mercury (Hg)
) = x 10"
A-41
IMTROPy
-------
PLANT
SAMPLING LOCATION
OPERATOR
bak. rKtss, m. Hg
STATIC PRESS., in. H20
LEAK TEST VACUUM, in.Hg
LEAK RATE, CFM
Poduooh Gaseous Diffusion
637-2A, Riser 5, FC 10
DR
rg.otw
0.000
15.000
0.0020
DATE
RUN NUMBER
NOZZLE •
NOrZLt DIAMtTtK, m.
METER BOX NUMBER
METER BOX
ASSUMED MOISTURE, %
06-24,25-86 -
PS-NZ-5-10-2
609
0.301
N-3
1.91
6
Sample Sample Dry Gas PitotVel. Orifice AH Gas Meter Pump Pitot Imp. Exit Stack Lec
Point. Time Meter Reading Head (in. H20) Temp. Vac. Anemometer Temp. Temp. Chei
No. (Min.) (Cu.Ft.) (in.H20) D«ir«d Aotual (deg.F) (in.Hg) (so) MV (deg/) (degJ)
A-1 0/0 880.506 0.180 1.490 1.490 91 8.0 68 100
1437.427 82 7.0
DIFF/AVG. 576.921 0.1800 1.490 87 100
A-42
-------
ISOKINETIC SAMPLING TRAIN FIELD DATA 8. RESULTS TABULATION
PLANT: Martin Marietta, (EMB), Paducah, Kentucky
RUN H DATE SAMPLING LOCATION
NZ5-10-2 6/24/86 637-2A. Riser #5, FAN #10
Run Start Time
Run Finish Time
Net Sampling Points
Theta Net Run Time, Minutes
Dia Nozzle Diameter, Inches
Cp Pitot Tube Coefficient
Y Dry Gas Meter Calibration Factor
Pbar Barometric Pressure, Inches Hg
Delta H Avg. Pressure Differential of
Orifice Meter, Inches H20
Vm Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry ACF
tm Dry Gas Meter Temperature, Degrees F
Vm(std) Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry SCF*
Vic Total Volume of Liquid Collected
in Impingers & Silica Gel, mL
Vw(std) Volume of Water Vapor, SCF*
£H20 Moisture Content, Percent by Volume
Mfd Dry Mole Fraction
Md Estimated Dry Molecular Wt, Lb/Lb-Mole
Ms Wet Molecular Weight, Lb/Lb-Mole
Pg Flue Gas Static Pressure, Inches H20
Ps Absolute Flue Gas Press., inches HG
ts Flue Gas Temperature, Degrees F
Delta p Average Velocity Head, Inches H20
vs Flue Gas Velocity, Feet/Second
A Stack/Duct Area, Square Inches
Qsd Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Dry SCFM*
Qaw Volumetric Air Flow Rate. Wet ACFM
XI Isokinetic Sampling Rate, Percent
* 68 Degrees F -- 29-92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
OPERATOR
B. Dwain Ritchie
NZ5-10-2
1627
756
1
929.00
O.301
0.840
1.002
29.66
1.490
576.921
87
554.969
819.O
38.550
6.5
0-935
28.84
28.13
+0.00
29.66
100
0.1800
24.96
55.990
508.690
582.287
92.3
(continued next page)
A-43
ENTROPY
-------
NZ5-10-2
Hexavalent Chromium Emissions:
mg Catch, Milligrams
gr/DSCF Concentration, Grains per DSCF*
Lb/Hr Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRc)
Total Chromium Emissions:
mg Total Catch, Milligrams
gr/DSCF Concentration, Grains per DSCF*
Lb/Hr Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRc)
FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE:
Degrees Fahrenheit
Degrees Centigrade
AIR FLOW RATES x million:
Actual Cubic Meters/hr
Actual Cubic Feet/hr
Dry Std. Cubic Meters/hr*
Dry Std. Cubic Feet/hr*
HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
Concentration, gr/dscf*
Emissions (PMRc), lb/hr
Emissions (PMRc), kg/hr
TOTAL CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
Concentration, gr/dscf*
Emissions (PMRc), lb/hr
Emissions (PMRc), kg/hr
(4,917.7)
(0.1367)
(596.3)
(5,207.4)
( 0.1448)
(631.4 )
100 deg. F
38 deg. C
0.9894 acmh
34.9372 acfh
0.8644 dscmh
30.5214 dscfh
(312.9376 ) mg/dscm
(0.136750 ) gr/dscf
(596.2557)lb/hr-c
(270.4568 )kg/hr-c
(331.3727 ) mg/dscm
(0.1^4805 )gr/dscf
(631.3809) lb/hrc
(286.3893 )kg/hr-c
* 68 Degrees F -- 29-92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
) = x 10~6
A-44
"MTROPV
-------
P NT
3... FLING LOCATION
OPERATOR
B .PRESS., in.Hg
5 TIC PRESS., in. H20
LEAK TEST VACUUM, in.Hg
L < RATE, CFM
Poducoh Gaseous Diffusion
Paducah, Kentucky
BFR
29.660
0.000
11.500
0.0000
DATE
RUN NUMBER
NOZZLE «
NOZZLE DIAMETER, in.
METER BOX NUMBER
METER BOX AH@
ASSUMED MOISTURE, %
06-25-86
PS-D1-6-12-3
N-7
1.79
6
Sample Sample Dry Gas Pitot Vel. Orifice AH Gas Meter Pump Pitot Imp. Exit Stack Leak
F it. Time Meter Reading Head (in. H20) Temp. Vac. Anemometer Temp. Temp. Check
(Min.) (Cu.Ft.) (in.H20) Desired Actual (deg.F) (in.Hg) (sc)MV (deg.F) (deg.F)
"-1 0/0
Dirr/AVG.
461.468 0.150
612.085
150.617 0.1500
1.170
1.170
1.170
90
90
4.0
380
58
80
80
A-45
-------
PLANT
SAMPLING LOCATION
OPERATOR
BAR. PRESS., in. Hg
STATIC PRESS., in. H20
LEAK TEST VACUUM, in.Hg
LEAK RATE, CFM
Poducoh Gaseous Diffusion
637-2A, Riser 6, FC12
BFR
29.660
0.000
11.500
0.0035
DATE
RUN NUMBER
NOZZLE *
NOZZLE DIAMETER, in.
METER BOX NUMBER
METER BOX AH$
ASSUMED MOISTURE, %
06-25-86
PS-NZ-6-12-3
609
0.301
N-17
1.76
6
Sompte Sample Dry Gas Pitot Vel. Orifice AH Gas Meter Pump Pitot hip. Exit Stack Leak
Point. Time Meter Reading Head (in. H20) Temp. Vac. Anemometer Temp. Temp. Che
No. (Min.) (CuJt.) (in>120) Desired Actual (deg. F) (in.Hg) (sc) MV (deg.F) (deg.F)
12-1 0/0 36.840 0.150 1.170 1.170 tOO 5.0 380 56 80
240/OFF 186.572
DIFF/AVG. 149.732 0.1500 1.170 100 80
A-A6
-------
ISOKINETIC SAMPLING TRAIN FIELD DATA & RESULTS TABULATION
PLANT: Martin Marietta, (EMB), Paducah, Kentucky
RUN # DATE SAMPLING LOCATION
OPERATOR
DI6-12-3 6/25/86 637-2A, Riser #6, FAN #12
NZ6-12-3 6/25/86 637-2A, Riser #6, FAN #12
Run Start Time
Run Finish Time
Net Sampling Points
Net Run Time, Minutes
Nozzle Diameter, Inches
Pitot Tube Coefficient
Dry Gas Meter Calibration Factor
Barometric Pressure, Inches Hg
Barry F. Rudd
Barry F. Rudd
Theta
Dia
Cp
Y
Pbar
Delta H
Vm
tm
Vm(std)
Vic
Vw(std)
XH20
Mfd
Md
Ms
Pg
Ps
ts
Delta p
vs
A
Qsd
Qaw
XI
Avg. Pressure Differential of
Orifice Meter, Inches H20
Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry ACF
Dry Gas Meter Temperature, Degrees F
Volume of Metered Gas Sample, Dry SCF*
Total Volume of Liquid Collected
in Impingers & Silica Gel, mL
Volume of Water Vapor, SCF*
Moisture Content, Percent by Volume
Dry Mole Fraction
Estimated Dry Molecular Wt. Lb/Lb-Mole
Wet Molecular Weight. Lb/Lb-Mole
Flue Gas Static Pressure, Inches H20
Absolute Flue Gas Press., Inches HG
Flue Gas Temperature, Degrees F
Average Velocity Head, Inches H20
Flue Gas Velocity, Feet/Second
Stack/Duct Area, Square Inches
Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Dry SCFM*
Volumetric Air Flow Rate, Wet ACFM
Isokinetic Sampling Rate, Percent
DI6-12-3
1515
1915
1
240.00
0.300
0.840
1.010
29.66
1.170
150.617
90
145.131
111.0
5.225
3-5
0.965
28.84
28.46
+0.00
29.66
80
0.1500
22.25
55,990
485,349
518,964
98.6
NZ6-12-3
1515
1915
240.00
0.301
0.840
0.991
29.66
1.170
149.732
100
139.036
103.0
4.848
3-4
0.966
28.84
28.47
+ 0.00
29.66
80
0.1500
22.24
55.990
485.782
518.860
93-7
• 68 Degrees F -- 29-92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
(continued next page)
A-47
ZNTROPY
-------
mg
gr/DSCF
Lb/Hr
mg
gr/DSCF
Lb/Hr
DI6-12-3
NZ6-12-3
Hexavalent Chromium Emissions:
Catch, Milligrams
( 495-2)
(940.0 )
Concentration, Grains per DSCF*
(0.05266)
( 0.1043 )
Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRc)
(219-1)
(434.4 )
Total Chromium Emissions:
Total Catch, Milligrams
(500.7)
(942.3 )
Concentration, Grains per DSCF*
(0.05324)
( 0.1046 )
Emission Rate, Lbs/Hour (PMRc)
( 221.5)
(435.5 )
FLUE GAS TEMPERATURE:
Degrees Fahrenheit
80
80 deg. F
Degrees Centigrade
27
27 deg. C
AIR FLOW RATES x million:
Actual Cubic Meters/hr
0.8818
0.8816 acmh
Actual Cubic Feet/hr
31.1379
31.1316 acfh
Dry Std. Cubic Meters/hr*
0.8247
0.8254 dscmh
Dry Std. Cubic Feet/hr*
29.1210
29.1469 dscfh
HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
( 120.4967 )
( 238.7560) mg/dscm
Concentration, gr/dscf*
(0.05265^)
( 0.104333) gr/dscf
Emissions (PMRc), lb/hr
(219.0539 )
( 434.4273) lb/hr-c
Emissions (PMRc), kg/hr
( 99.361])
( 197.0527) kg/hr-c
TOTAL CHROMIUM EMISSIONS:
Concentration, mg/dscm*
(121.8374 )
( 239.3452) mg/dscm
Concentration, gr/dscf*
(0.053241)
( 0.104591) gr/dscf
Emissions (PMRc), lb/hr
(221.4913 )
( 435.4995) lb/hrc
Emissions (PMRc), kg/hr
(100.4667 )
( 197.5391) kg/hr-c
* 68 Degrees F -- 29.92 Inches of Mercury (Hg)
) = x 10"6
A-A 8
ZMTROPY
-------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
11
15
16
17
18
Table 5.1
Hater Flow Rate
Measurements
Ambient
Time of Riser Temperature Flow Rate Purpose of Test/
Date Measurement # (°F) (GPM) Comments
6/13/86
6/23/86
6/23/86
6/23/86
6/24/86
6/21/86
6/21/86
6/24/86
6/25/86
6/25/86
6/26/86
6/26/86
6/26/86
6/26/86
6/26/86
6/26/86
6/26/86
6/27/86
1 3:00
1 3:15
11:15
15:00
12:00
13:30
15:00
15:30
8:00
9:00
8:00
8:30
12:00
1 3:00
13:30
14:10
15:30
8:00
7
7
4
4
7
5
6
6
5
5
6
85
85
87
87
87
89
90
89
72
75
78
82
89
91
92
92
91
85
9113 Check for tower set-up
9394 Post-valve adjustment
check
8522 Post-valve adjustment
check within limits
8399 Check for tower set-up
8122 Pre-drift teat measurement
7244 Pre-drift test measurement
8404 Post-valve adjustment
check within limits
8879 Post-valve adjustment
check within limits
8630 Pre-drift measurement
check within limits
8203 Pre-drift test check
8261 Post test check
8623 Post test check
8222 Post valve adjustment
check within limits
8985 Post valve adjustment
check
8562 Post valve adjustment
check within limits
8270 Post valve adjustment
check within limits.
8752 Post test check
8328 Pre test check
-------
Table 5.2
Air Velocity and Drift Measurement Data
ft
Measurement Distance Into
Posltlon
Fan cell (Inches)
7
8
9
10
1 1
12
13
1 4
1
5.62
7.71
7.99
2.2
2.15
3.78
5.35
4.48
2.55
2
18.83
8.31
8.38
7.25
8.15
8.85
9.38
9.29
7.10
3
33.16
10.76
9.28
9.90
10.17
10.43
10.80
11.13
1 0.60
4
49.71*
10.16
9.93
10.25
10.78
10.60
11 .65
1 2.35
11.65
5
70.25
8.28
9.95
10.78
10.95
11.30
11 .65
11 .48
1 1 .22
6
99.47
it *
0.95
-0.28
-0.8
-0.66
-0.37
-0.63
-1.85
7
181 .53
0.83
-0.30
-0.8
-1.85
-0.19
01 .33
-1 .85
8
210.75
10.66
11 .49
10.60
11.65
10.87
10.94
12.70
9
231.26
10.29
12.18
10.43
10.25
1 0.87
10.78
11 .40
10
247.84
10.13
9.90
9.73
9.55
9.82
9.29
10.60
11
262.17
7.87
9.20
8.85
8.85
7.37
9.81
8.85
12
275.38
7.53
4.48
4.48
7.24
5.35
4.48
2.73
i
Ln
O
* «
Based on fan diameter of 281 inches
* *
Sp machine problems caused loss of this data
-------
SUMMARY DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION
AREA SAMPLED
16.65 M2
EPA-ENTROPY CELL
~ 7
I
LOG
MASS
COUNT
% MASS
% COUNT
D(LOU)
D (HI)
D(HI)
FLUX
FLUX
SMALLER
SMALLER
UM
UM
UG/M2/SEC
~/M2/SEC
*****
*****
*****
**********
**********
**********
**********
1
10.
20.
1.301
9.55E+02
5.40E+05
0.317
55.330
2
20.
30.
1.477
5.73E+02
7.00E+04
0.507
62.500
3
30.
40.
1.602
1.48E+03
6.58E+04
0.998
69.240
4
40.
50.
1.699
2.49E+03
5.23E+04
1.827
74.594
5
50.
60.
1.778
4.65E+03
5.34E+04
3.373
80.063
6
60.
70.
1.845
6.84E+03
4.76E+04
5.645
84.934
7
70.
90.
1.954
1.67E+04
6.22E+04
11.183
91.303
8
90.
110.
2.041
1.83E+04
3.50E+04
17.271
94.887
9
110.
130.
2.114
1.60E+04
1.77E+04
22.598
96.702
10
130.
150.
2.176
1.64E+04
1.14E+04
28.039
97.870
11
150.
180.
2.255
2.08E+04
8.86E+03
34.966
98.778
12
180.
210.
2.322
1.69E+04
4.36E+03
40.591
99.224
13
210.
240.
2.380
1.79E+04
3.OOE+03
46.544
99.532
14
240.
270.
2.431
9.07E+03
1.04E+03
49.557
99.639
15
270.
300.
2.477
1.53E+04
1.26E+03
54.645
99.768
16
300.
350.
2.544
1.89E+04
1.05E+03
60.914
99.876
17
350.
400.
2.602
1.29E+04
4.66E+02
65.193
99.924
18
400.
450.
2.653
9.37E+03
2.33E+02
68.306
99.948
19
450.
500.
2.699
1.54E+04
2.74E+02
73.411
99.976
20
500.
600.
2.778
4.84E+03
5« 56E+01
75.021
99.981
21
600.
700.
2.845
1.38E+04
9.61E+01
79.613
99.991
22
700.
800.
2.903
8.94E+03
4.05E+01
82.583
99.995
23
800.
900.
2.954
0.00E-01
O.OOE-Ol
82.583
99.995
24
900.
1000.
3.000
O.OOE-Ol
O.OOE-Ol
82.583
99.995
25
1000.
1200.
3.079
0.00E-01
O.OOE-Ol
82.583
99.995
26
1200.
1400.
3.146
5.24E+04
4.56E+01
100.000
100.000
TOTAL
MASS FLUX=
3.01E+05
UG/M2/SEC
TOTAL
COUNT FLUX=
1.63E+07
~/M2/SEC
MASS MEAN DIAMETER= 447, UM
COUNT MEAN DIAMETER= 38. UM
MASS EMISSION RATE= 5.01E+00 GRAMS/SEC
A-51
-------
SUMMARY
DROP SIZE
DISTRIBUTION
AREA SAMPLED
39.96 M2
FPA-ENTROPY CELL
~8
I
I.UK
MASS
COUNT
X MASS
X COUNT
IKL.OU >
D(HT >
IKHI)
FLUX
FLUX
SMALLER
SMALLER
UM
UM
UG/M2/SFC
~/M2/SEC
*****
*****
*****
**********
**********
**********
********.
1
10.
20.
1.301
7.01E+01
3.97E+04
0.007
6.013
2
20.
30.
1.477
1.94E+02
2.37E+04
0.028
9.600
3
30.
40.
1 .602
9.00E+02
4.01F+04
0.124
15.679
4
40.
50.
1.699
9.56E+03
2.OOE+05
1.147
46.055
5
50.
60.
1.778
5.24E+03
6.02F+04
1.708
55.180
6
60.
70.
1.815
7.35E+03
5.11E+04
2.494
62.929
7
70.
90.
1.954
2.36F+04
8.82E+04
5.022
76.296
8
90.
110.
2.041
2.62F+04
5.01F.+04
7.827
83.887
y
no.
130.
2.1 14
2.89E+04
3.19E+04
10.914
88.723
10
130.
150.
2.176
2.93E+04
2.04E+04
14.043
91.810
li
150.
180.
2.255
4.40E+04
1.87E+04
18.751
94.64/
12
180.
210.
2.322
4.55E+04
1.17E+04
23.618
96.424
13
210.
240.
2.380
4.17E+04
6.99E+03
28.078
97.484
14
240.
270.
2.431
4.04E+04
4.65E+03
32.398
98.189
15
270.
300.
2.477
2.96E+04
2.44E.+03
35.566
98.560
16
300.
350.
2.544
6.15F+04
3.42E+03
42.147
99.079
17
350.
400.
2.602
5.68F+04
2.06E+03
48.224
99.391
18
400.
450.
2.653
4.66E+04
1.16E+03
53.203
99.566
19
450.
500.
2.699
5.66E+04
1.01E+03
59.253
99.719
20
500.
600.
2.778
6.51E404
7.47E+02
66.209
99.832
21
600.
700.
2.845
6.42E+04
4.47E+02
73.079
99.900
22
700.
800.
2.903
6.51E+04
2.95E+02
80.038
99.944
23
800.
900.
2.954
4.48E+04
1.39E+02
8A.828
99.966
24
900.
1000.
3.000
8.68E+04
1.93E+02
94.110
99.99^
25
1000.
1200.
3.079
1.17E+04
1.69E+01
95.366
99.997
26
1200.
1400.
3.146
0.00E-01
0.00E-01
95.366
99.997
27
1400.
1600.
3.204
0.00E-01
0.00E-01
95.366
99.99:
28
1600.
1800.
3.255
4.33E+04
1.68E+01
100.000
100.000
TOTAL MASS FLUX- 9.35E+05 IK5/M2/SFC
TOTAL COUNT FI.IJX= 2.64E+07 */M2/SFC
MASS MEAN IUAMETER= 512. IJM
COUNT MEAN JJlAME7ER= 76. UM
MASS EMISSION RATE= 3.74E+01 GRAMS/SEC
A-52
-------
SUMMARY DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION
AREA SAMPLED3 39.96 M2
EPA-ENTROPY CELL *9
T
LOG
MASS
COUNT
X MASS
% COUNT
D(LOU)
D (HI)
D
-------
I
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
V
10
11
12
13
14
IS
16
17
IB
IV
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
SUMMARY
DROP SI7.K
IUSfRJPUTTON
AREA SAMPLED
= 33.30 M2
EKA-ENTRUPY CELL
txO
LOB
MASS
COUNT
2 MASS
D(LOU)
IKHI)
IKHI)
FLUX
FLUX
SMALLER
UM
UM
UB/M2/st:r;
~/M2/SEC
*****
«**X*
*****
**********
********** -
**********
10.
20.
1.301
3.52E+02
1 .99F.+05
0.061
20.
30.
1.477
3.16E+02
3.87E+04
0.116
30.
40.
1.602
1.26E+03
5.60F.+04
0.335
40.
50.
1 .699
2.89E+03
6.06E+04
0.838
50.
60.
1.778
4.27E+03
4.90C+04
1.581
60.
70.
1.845
6.06F.+03
4.22E+04
2.636
70.
90.
1 .954
1.80E+04
6.72F.+04
5.771
90.
1 10.
2.041
2.22E+04
4.25E+04
9.640
110.
130.
2.114
2.30E+04
2.54E+04
13.644
130.
150.
2.1 76
2.20E+04
1.53E+04
17.468
ISO.
180.
2.255
3.32F.+04
1.41F:+04
23.240
180.
210.
2.322
3.40F+04
8.75H+03
29.146
210.
240.
2.380
3.23E+04
5.41E+03
34.760
240.
270.
2.431
2.87F +04
3.30E+03
39.744
270.
300.
2.477
2.69E+04
2.22E+03
44.424
300.
350.
2.544
3.61E+04
2.01E+03
50.709
350.
400.
2.602
2.95E+04
1.07E+03
55.834
400.
450.
2.653
2.79E+04
6.94E+02
60.689
450.
500.
2.699
1.88E+04
3.36F.+02
63.967
500.
600.
2.778
3.33b'+04
3.82E+02
69.763
600.
700.
2.845
3.93L+04
2.73E+02
76.597
700.
800.
2.903
4.11E+04
1.86F.+02
83.745
BOO.
900.
2.954
6.40F.+04
1.99E+02
94.870
900.
1000.
3.000
9.1 6B.+03
2.04E+01
96.464
1000.
1200.
3.079
1.65L"+04
2.36FJ+01
99.325
1200.
1 400.
3.146
3.HBE+03
3.37E+00
100.000
TOTAL MASS FLUX= 5.75E+05 UB/M2/SE0
TOTAL. COUNT FLUX= 2.11E+07 */M2/SE0
MASS MEAN DIAMETKR= 433. IJM
COUNT MEAN UIAMETER= 60. UM
MASS EMISSION RA1E= 1.91£+01 GRAMS/SEC
I A-54
-------
SUMMART DROP SIZE DISTRIBUTION
AREA SAMPLED= 39.96 M2
EPA-ENTROPY CELL #11
LOG
MASS
COUNT
% MASS
% COUNT
D(LOU)
D(HI).
D < HI)
FLUX
FLUX
SMALLER
SMALLER
UM
UM
UG/M2/SEC
~/M2/SEC
*****
*****
*****
**********
**********
**********
**********
1
10.
20.
1.301
8.74E+01
4.95E+04
0.331
28.053
2
20.
30.
1.477
3.02E+02
3.69E+04
1.475
48.961
3
30.
40.
1.602
6.72E+02
2.99E+04
4.024
65.937
4
40.
50.
1.699
1.10E+03
2.31E+04
8.207
79.051
5
50.
60.
1.778
1.16E+03
1.33E+04
12.601
86.593
6
60.
70.
1.845
1.15E+03
8.00E+03
16.962
91.128
7
70.
90.
1.954
2.19E+03
8.17E+03
25.267
95.761
8
90.
110.
2.041
1.66E+03
3.16E+03
31.548
97.555
9
110.
130.
2.114
1.60E+03
1.77E+03
37.617
98.559
10
130.
150.
2.176
1.21E+03
8.43E+02
42.212
99.037
11
150.
180.
2.255
1.58E+03
6.70E+02
48.187
99.417
12
180.
210.
2.322
1.71E+03
4.39E+02
54.655
99.666
13
210.
240.
2.380
1.16E+03
1.95E+02
59.064
99.776
14
240.
270.
2.431
1.29E+03
1.48E+02
63.950
99.861
15
270.
300.
2.477
1.05E+03
8.64E+01
67.922
99.910
16
300.
350.
2.544
1.05E+03
5.82E+01
71.885
99.943
17
350.
400.
2.602
1.19E+03
4.32E+01
76.406
99.967
18
400.
450.
2.653
3.02E+02
7.50E+00
77.550
99.971
19
450.
500.
2.699
1.06E+02
1.89E+00
77.951
99.972
20
500.
600.
2.778
2.94E+03
3.38E+01
89.110
99.991
21
600.
700.
2.845
1.62E+03
1.12E+01
95.239
99.998
22
700.
800.
2.903
4.14E+02
1.87E+00
96.809
99.999
23
800*
900.
2.954
0.00E-01
0.00E-01
96.809
99.999
24
900.
1000.
3.000
8.42E+02
1.87E+00
100.000
100.000
TOTAL MASS FLUX= 2.64E+04 UG/M2/SEC
TOTAL COUNT FLUX= 7.05E+06 */M2/SEC
MASS MEAN D1AMETER= 271. UM
COUNT MEAN DIAMETER= 38. UM
MASS EMISSION RATE= 1.05E+00 GRAMS/SEC
A-55
-------
SUMMARY DROP SIZF DISTRIBUTION
AREA SAMPLED
36.63 M2
EPA-ENTROPY CELL
~ 12
I
LOR
MASS
COUNT
7. MASS
% COUNT
D(LOU)
D(HI)
)) < H1)
FLUX
FLUX
SMALLER
SMAI.LER
UM
t/M
UG/M2/SEC
~/M2/SEC
*****
*****
*****
**********
**********
**********
**********
1
10.
20.
1 .301
6.65E+0I
3.76E+04
0.067
12.662
2
20.
30.
1.477
4 ~ 74E-.+02
5.79E+04
0.544
32.141
3
30.
40.
1.602
1.21E+03
5. 3BF.+04
1.761
50.230
4
40.
50.
1.699
2.87E+03
6.01E+04
4.653
70.466
5
50.
60.
1.778
2.43E+03
2.79F+04
7.100
79.842
6
60.
70.
1 .845
2.99E+03
2.0RE+04
10.117
86.844
7
70.
90.
1 .954
4.5BE+03
1.71E+04
14.737
92.597
8
90.
110.
2.041
4.36E+03
B.32E+03
19.129
95.396
9
1 10.
130.
2.114
4.27E+03
4.72E+03
23.431
96.984
10
K<0.
150.
2.176
3.49E+03
2.43E+03
26.947
97.801
11
150.
1H0.
2.255
6.04E+03
2.57E+03
33.037
9B.665
12
180.
210.
2.322
5.52E+03
1.42F+03
3B.601
99.143
13
210.
240.
2.3H0
4.7BE+03
8.01 F.+02
43.415
99.413
14
240.
270.
2.431
5.32E+03
6.13E+02
48.781
99.619
IS
270.
300.
2.477
4.70F.+03
3.87t+02
53.513
99.749
16
300.
350.
2.544
4.71E+03
2.62E+02
58.265
99.838
17
350.
400.
2.602
4.31E+03
1.56E+02
62.612
99.B90
1H
400.
450.
2.653
3.55E+03
B.B4E+01
66.194
99.920
19
450.
500.
2.699
2.42E+03
4.30F+01
68.628
99.934
20
500.
600.
2.778
B.42E+03
9.66E+01
77.113
99.967
21
600.
700.
2.845
5.29E+03
3.6BE+01
82.445
99.979
22
700.
BOO.
2.903
6.77E+03
3.07F+01
89.271
99.990
23
BOO.
900.
2.954
7.89E+03
2.45E+01
97.224
99.998
24
900.
1000.
3.000
2.75E+03
6.14E+00
100.000
100.000
TOTAL
MASS FLUX= 9
.92E+04
U15/M2/SEC
TOTAL
COUNT FLUX"
1.09E+07
' #/M2/sec
MASS MEAN DIAMETER=
367. IJM
COUNT MEAN DIAMETER- 47. UM
MASS EMISSION RATE= 3.63E+00 BRAHS/SEC
A-56
-------
SUMMARY IJROP S1ZF DISTRIBUTION
area sampled
39.96 M2
F.PA-ENTROPY CELL
~ 13
--
T
LOR
MASS
COUNT
Z MASS
Z COUNT
D(LOW)
D(HI)
D(HI )
FLUX
Fl. IJX
SMALLFR
SMAI. L.HR
UM
UM
IJG/M2/SEC
~/M2/SEC
*****
*****
*****
**********
**********
**********
**********
10.
20.
1.301
3.22E+01
1.82E+04
0.178
12.927
'
20.
30.
1.477
2.04E+02
2.49E+04
1 .305
30.563
A
30.
40.
1.602
R.42F+02
3« 75E+04
5.964
57.152
A
40.
50.
1.699
1.76E+03
3.68E+04
15.679
83.234
50.
60.
1.778
9.32E+02
1.07H+04
20.835
90.817
60.
70.
1 .845
7.71F+02
5.36E+03
25.101
94.617
7
70.
90.
1.954
1.1 0F.+O3
4.09E+03
31.167
97.516
90.
110.
2.041
1.02E+03
1.96E+03
36.833
98.902
110.
130.
2.1 14
4.79F+02
5.29E+02
39.481
99.277
X V
130.
150.
2.1 76
5.12E+0?
3.56F.+02
42.311
99.529
11
150.
180.
2.255
7.11F.+ 02
3.02F.+02
46.246
99.743
180.
210.
2.322
4»35E+02
1.12E+02
48.654
99.823
210.
240.
2.380
4.10E+02
6.88E+01
50.923
99.872
14
240.
270.
2.431
5.38E+02
6.20E+01
53.902
99.915
;
270.
300.
2.477
3.55E+02
2.93E+01
55.865
99.936
,
300.
350.
2.544
6.57E+02
3.65E+01
59.498
99.962
JL /'
350.
400.
2.602
2.33E+02
8.45E+00
60.788
99.968
1 M
400.
450.
2.653
2.26F.+02
5.62E+00
62.038
99.972
450.
500.
2.699
9.47F+02
1.69E+01
67.275
99.984
i
500.
600.
2.778
4.90E+02
5.62E+00
69.986
99.988
21
600.
700.
2.845
0.OOF—01
0.00F.-01
69.986
99.988
700.
BOO.
2.903
0.00E-01
0 * 00E-01
69.986
99.988
:
800.
900.
2.954
5.42F.+03
1.69F+01
100.000
100.000
TOTAL
MASS FLUX=
1.81E+04
IJG/M2/SEC
TOTAL
COUNT Fl. UX=
5.64E+06 #/M2/SK(;
MASS MKAN D1AMETER= 376. IJM
COUNT MEAN UXAMETER= 40. UM
MASS EMISSION RATE= 7.22F.-01 (JRAMS/SEC
A-57
-------
HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EMISSIONS IN MILLIGRAMS PER MILLION BTU'S AND MICROGRAMS PER GALLON OF HATERFLOH
COOLING TOMER 637-2A, PADUCAH GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANT
Hexavalent
Chroaiua
Hater
inlet Basin Dry
Inlet Air Inlet Air Outlet Air Evaporative
Emissions
Flo*
Teep. Teap. Air Flow
Enthalapy Huaidity
Humdity
Heat Loss
Run
(lb/hr)
-3
2,050,750
128
88 2,485,010
25.0
0.005
0.0482
153.52
2.55
1.59
5-(9,101-4
2,140,500
128
89 2,385,298
26.2
0.006
0.0502
155.43
4.87
2.95
5-(10,9)-5
2,065,250
128
82 2,496,695
29.7
0.008
0.0444
176.54
1.36
0.97
Average
2,085,500
128
86 2,455,668
27.0
0.006
0.0476
161.83
2.93
1.83
High-Efficiency Drift Eliainator,
, Riser Cell 6, Fan Cells 11 and
12
6-(l2,ll)-3
2,157,500
128
88 2,453,071
25.0
0.005
0.0270
152.29
4.18
2.46
6-(ll,12)-4
2,157,500
128
89 2,113,427
26.2
0.006
0.0341
144.87
0.76
0.42
6-(12,11>-5
2,155,750
128
84 2,294,934
29.7
0.008
0.0341
167.98
1.67
1.09
Average
2,156,917
128
87 2,287,144
27.0
0.006
0.0317
155.05
2.20
1.32
High-Efficiency Drift Eliainator
, Riser Cell 7, Fan Cells 13 and
14
7-<14,13>-l
1,811.000 * 129
85 2,622,114
32.8
0.012
0.0414
172.38
14.08
11.16
7-114,14)-2
1,811,000
* 129
85 2,231,835
32.8
0.011
0.0469
159.78
1.13
0.B3
7-(14,13)-6
2,067,500
128
84 2,439,049
35.2
0.012
0.0502
184.64
2.00
1.49
7-(14,131-7
2,082,500
128
87 2,294,934
36.3
0.014
0.0502
175.91
1.93
1.36
7-(13,14)-8
2,082,500
128
87 2,294,934
36.3
0.014
0.0502
175.91
1.86
1.31
7-(14)-9
2,082,500
128
87 2,294,934
36.3
0.013
0.0502
176.15
1.87
1.32
7-<13)-9
2,082,500
128
87 2.294,934
36.3
0.013
0.0502
176.15
0 07
£ • uv
1.99
Average
2,079,500
128
86 2,323,757
36.1
0.013
0.0502
177.75
2.10
1.49
* Results for these runs not included in the averages because waterf1ow to the riser was too low during testing.
A-58
-------
Southern Research Institute zooon,™ bo..-"?: bo- r,-
November 18, 1986
Scott C. Steinsberger
ENTROPY Environmentalists Inc.
P.O. Box 12291
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2291
Dear Scott:
Enclosed is a summary table with particle size cut values for the data
you sent me from the three cooling tower tests.
If you have any questions, feel free to call me.
Sincerely yours
Head, Aerosol Science Division
ADW/fea
Enclosure
Project: 6112
A-59
-------
COOLING TOWER DROP SIZING TRAIN RESULTS - PADUCAH GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANT
Disc/Nozzle Train Run No.
13^5 average
Stack Gas Velocity (ft/s) 30.97 22.25 21.06 33*67
Disc Train D50 Cut Size (um) 13-30 15*69 16.13 12.76 14.47
Disc Train Probe D50 Cut Size (um) 5*37 6-34 6.52 5*15 5*85
Absorbent Paper D50 Cut Size (um) 25.44 30.02 30.85 24.40 27.68
A-60
-------
EXAMPLE PARTICULATE TEST CALCULATIONS
Paducah Gaseous Diffusion Plant
Paducah, Kentucky
Run No. 4-8,7-1
VOLUME OF DRY GAS SAMPLED AT STANDARD CONDITIONS
(Pbar + Delta H/13.6)
Vm(std) = 17.64 * Y * Vm *
(460 + tm)
( 29.660 + 2.28 /13.6)
Vm(std) = 17.64 * 1.0020 * 90.813 *
(460 + 92.0 )
Vm(std) = 86.735
VOLUME OF WATER VAPOR AT STANDARD CONDITIONS
Vw(std) = 0.04707 * Vic
Vw(std) = 0.04707 * 128.00 = 6.025 SCF
PERCENT MOISTURE, BY VOLUME, AS MEASURED IN FLUE GAS
%H20 = 100 * Vw(std) / (Vw(std) + Vm(std))
6.025
%H20 = 100 * 6.5%
6.025 + 86.735
DRY MOLE FRACTION OF FLUE GAS
Mfd = 1 - %H20/100
Mfd = 1 - 6.5% = 0.935
WET MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF FLUE GAS
Ms = (Md * Mfd) + (0.18 * %H20)
Ms = ( 28.84 * 0.935 )+ ( 0.18 * 6.5 )= 28.14 LB/LB-MOLE
A-61
-------
EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS Page 2
Run No. 4-8,7-1
ABSOLUTE FLUE GAS PRESSURE
Ps = Pbar + Pg / 13.6
Ps = 29.660 + ( 0.000 / 13.6) = 29.66
AVERAGE FLUE GAS VELOCITY [Note: (Delta p)avg is square of avg sq. root]
(Delta p)avg * (460 + ts)
vs = 85.49 * Cp * SQRT[ ]
Ps * Ms
0.1979 * (460 + 100.0 )
vs = 85.49 * 0.840 * SQRT [ ]
29.66 * 28.14
vs = 26.17 FT/SEC
DRY VOLUMETRIC FLUE GAS FLOW RATE @ STANDARD CONDITIONS
60 Tstd Ps
Qsd = * Mfd * vs * A * *
144 ts + 460 Pstd
60 528 29.66
Qsd = * 0.935 * 26.17 * 55990 * *
144 100.0 + 460 29.92
Qsd = 533,561 SCFM
WET VOLUMETRIC STACK GAS FLOW RATE @ FLUE GAS CONDITIONS
Qaw = 60/144 * vs * A
Qaw = 60/144 * 26.16 * 55990 = 610,513 ACFM
PERCENT ISOKINETIC OF SAMPLING RATE
Pstd 100 (ts + 460) * Vm(stsd)
%I = * *
Tstd 60 Ps * vs * Mfd * Theta * Area-Nozzle, sq.ft.
29.92 100 ( 100.0 + 460) * 86.735
%I * *
528 60 29.66 * 26.17 * 0.935 * 120.0 *0.000534
98.6 %
A-62
-------
GRAINS PER DRY STANDARD CUBIC FOOT : - HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM (GFAA)
EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS Page 3
Run No. 4-8,7-1
GRAINS PER DRY STANDARD CUBIC FOOT : - HEXAVALENT CHROMI1
7000 ugs
gr/DSCF = *
453,592 Vm(std)
7000 0.9466
gr/DSCF = * = 0.168 x 10E-6
7000 0.9466
POUNDS PER HOUR - PMRa
PMRa = *
Time Area of Nozzle
60 min 1 ugs Area of Stack
Lb/Hr = * * *
453,592 1000 Theta (min) Area of Nozzle
60 min 1 0.9466 55,990.0
Lb/Hr = * * *
453,592 1000 120 0.077
Lb/Hr = 0.759 x 10E-3
A-63
-------
Run No.
EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS - Page 4
4-(8,7 )-l
POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION - AIRFLOW
Mass (mg) 35.34 ft3
Vol. Metered (dscf) m3
mg
dscm
0.000947
86.735
35.34 ft2
m3
0.385690 mg/dscm
POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION - WATER FLOW TO FAN CELL
PMRa (mg/hr)
Water Flow Rate (gal/min)
1,000 ug/mg
60 min/hr
344.4042
8,122
1,000 ug/mg
60 min/hr
0.707 ug/gal
POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION - EVAPORATIVE HEAT LOSS
Evaporative Heat
Loss (MMBTU/hr)
(Lltl + Ghl) - (LI - G(ae2 - ael)) * t2
10E6 BTU/MMBTU
ael = Entering air humidity (lbs/lb) 0.0120
ae2 = Exiting air humidity (lbs/lb) 0.0416
G = Air flow (lbs dry air/hr) 2,493,037
hi = Entering air enthalpy (BTU/lb) 32.8
LI = Hot water lfow (lbs/hr) 2,030,500
tl = Hot water temperature (Degrees F) 129
t2 = Cold water temperature (Degrees F) 85
Evaporative Heat
Loss (MMBTU/hr)
177.386 MMBTU/hr
mg/hr
MMBTU/hr
1.942 mg/MMBTU
A-64
-------
EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS Page 5
Run No. 4-(8,7)-l
MASS EMISSION RATE (RATIO OF AREAS) - ABSORBENT PAPERS
Mass (ug)
~
Sample Time (hrs)
25.743
2
,001 mg Stack Area ( in2)
* ...
ug
Area exposed paper
6.452 cm2
in2
.001 mg
* *
ug
55,990 6.452 cm2
*
13.2 cm2 in2
352.3 mg/hr
DRIFT RATE - ABSORBENT PAPER
Mass Emission Rate (mg/hr) * 1 hr/60 min * 100
Water conc.(mg/L) * Water Rate (gpm) * 3.785.1/gal
352.3 * lhr/60min * 100
7.97 * 4061 * 3.785 1/gal
0.0048%
DRIFT RATE - IMPINGER TRAIN
Mass Emission Rate (mg/hr) * 1 hr/60 min * 100
Water conc.(mg/L) * Water Rate (gpm) * 3.785 1/gal
344.4 * lhr/60min * 100
7.97 * 4061 * 3.785 1/gal
0.0047'
DRIFT RATE - SENSITIVE PAPER
Mass Emission Rate (g/sec) * 60sec/min * 100
Water Rate (gpm) * 1 g/ml * 3,785.4 ml/gal
5.0 * 60 sec/ min * 100
7.97 * 4061 * 3.785 1/gal
0.0020%
A-65
-------
EXAMPLE CALCULATIONS Page 6
Run No. 4-(8,7)-l
TOTAL CHROMIUM IN IMPINGER AND DI AND NZ SAMPLES
B * A * 0.001 L/gram = C
C - J = D
2 g (ml)
F * = G
E
D + G = H
A = Sample weight sent for GFAA analysis (grams)
B = Sample concentration (GFAA) (ug/L)
C = Total chromium in GFAA sample (ug)
D = Blank corrected total chromium in GFAA sample (ug)
E = Original sample weight sent for NAA analysis (grams)
F = Total chromium calculated and reported from NAA (ug)
G = Total chromium contribution from 2 ml NAA aliquot (ug)
J = Appropriate blank (ug)
H = Total chromium for sample (ug)
Note: Letters refer to columns in table which follows.
A-66
-------
PADUCAH GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANT - Paducah, Kentucky
A
B
c
D
E
F
G
H
Blank
Total
Total
Sample
Total
Corr .
Original
Cr calc .
Cr in
Total
Sample
Cone .
Cr
Tot. Cr
Sample
2ml Aliq.
2ml Aliq.
Cr per
Sample
I.
D.
Wt.
(GFAA)
(GFAA)
(GFAA)
Wt.
(NAA)
(NAA)
Sample
grams
ug/L
ug
ug
grans
ug
ug
ug
Pad
p-18
Impin
&
Filter
4.3034
I96.O
0.8435
0.7435
25.7502
2.6350
0.20^7
0.9A81
Pad
P-19
Impin
&
Filter
4 .6358
283.0
1-3119
1.2119
258359
2.7470
0.2126
1.4246
Pad
P-20
Impin
&
Filter
4. i4o6
486.0
2.0123
1.9123
26.9903
4.2570
0.3154
2.2278
Pad
P-21
Impin
&
Filter
3-5772
282.0
1.0088
0.9088
28.3754
2.7700
0.1952
1.1040
Pad
P-22
Impin
&
Filter
5.6077
355-0
1.9907
1.8907
28.0081
4.3630
0.3116
2.2023
Pad
p-23
Impin
&
Filter
5.0116
116.0
0.5813
0.4813
28.0585
2.5960
0.1850
0.6664
Pad
P-24
Impin
&
Filter
4.4658
338.0
1.5094
1.4094
26.3816
2.7220
0.2064
1.6158
Pad
P-25
Impin
&
Filter
5-0737
66.0
0.3349
0.2349
29.3659
0.7770
0.0529
0.2878
Pad
P-26
Impin
&
Filter
3-^993
223.0
0.7803
0.6803
27.4259
0.8030
O.O586
0.7389
Pad
P-27
Impin
&
Filter
5-0574
1108.0
5-6036
5-5036
27.8211
8.5110
0.6118
6.1154
Pad
P-28
Impin
&
Filter
5.3118
94.0
0-4993
0.3993
28.5594
1.0360
0.0726
0.4719
Pad
P-29
Impin
&
Filter
5.1312
180.0
0.9236
0.8236
26.9700
1.4440
0.1071
0.9307
Pad
P-30
Impin
&
Filter
3.6901
238.0
O.8782
0.7782
27.0817
1.4800
0.1093
0.8875
Pad
P-31
Impin
&
Filter
4.3627
188.0
0.8202
0.7202
25.8959
1.3460
0.1040
o.824i
Pad
P-32
Impin
&
Filter
3-7671
119.0
0.4483
0-3483
26.5688
1.1100
0.0836
0.4318
Pad
p-33
Impin
&
Filter
4.1260
143.0
0.5900
0.4900
26.1163
2.0750
0.1589
0.6489
Pad
P-42
H20 &
Filt Blank
4.3522
61.5
0.2677
0.2677
25.5400
0.7750
0.0607
0 3283
Pad
P-43
Paducah
H20 Blank
4.0417
16.0
0.0647
Pad
P-34 Disc Part. Sizing
4.0716
906.0
3-6889
3.5889
27.0821
4.605
0.3401
3-9289
Pad
P-35 Disc Part. Sizing
4.0961
139-0
0.5694
0.4694
25.8623
0.405
0.0313
0.5007
Pad
P-36 Disc Part. Sizing
5.6286
75-0
0.4221
0.3221
26.5216
O.55O
0.0415
0.3636
Pad
P-37 Disc Part. Sizing
4.0302
259.0
1.0438
0.9438
27.0918
1-779
0.1313
1.0752
Pad
P-1002 Disc Part. Sizing
4.4762
221 .0
0.9892
0.8892
26.3918
1.253
0.0950
0.9842
Pad
P-1001 Nozzle Train
5-9283
638O.O
37.8226
37.7226
29.2290
0 . 000
0.0000
37-7226
Pad
P-1001 Nozzle Train
5.0301
179-0
0.9004
0.8004
"
38.5229
Pad
P-38 Nozzle Train
4.4970
1076. 0
4.8388
4.7388
28.4093
6.657
0.4686
5.2074
Pad
P-39 Nozzle Train
3-4851
280.0
0.9758
0.8758
28.1990
0.937
0.0665
0.9423
Pad
P-40 Nozzle Train
4.4815
239.0
1.0711
0.9711
28.4010
1-535
0.1081
1.0792
Pad
P-41 Nozzle Train
4.7885
4l4.0
1.9824
1.8824
25.1155
2 . 510
0-1999
2.0823
Pad
P-48 QA-2
4-3335
43.0
0.1863
0.0863
NA
ERR
Pad
Concentration Recovery
4.3162
188.0
0.8114
0.7114
ERR
Pad
52-C Residue Recovery
5-3726
86.0
0.4620
0.3620
ERR
Impin & Filter-Blank Value
Impin 1 & Rinse-Blank Value
Impin 2-Blank Value
Impin 3 & Filt-Blank Value
j
(GFAA)
Ug
0.1
0.1
0 . 04
0.02
A-67
-------
APPENDIX B.
FIELD AND ANALYTICAL DATA
B-l
-------
B-2
-------
Preliminary Field Data
PLAN I NAME a*i-q^ P'
(^t>uX£><4. Ku
ua vjr'
LOCATION
SAMPLING LOCATION
DUCT DEPTH
FROM INSIDE FAR WALL TO OUTSDE OF PORT
NIPPLE LENGTH —
DEPTH OF DUCT
WIDTH (RECTANGULAR DUCT)
EQUIVALENT DIAMETER-
P, _ 2" DEPTH x WIDTH _ 2?
E— DEPTH+ WDTH (
)(
)_
DISTANCE FROM
PORTS TO NEAREST
FLOW DISTURBANCE
DIAMETERS
LPSTREAM DOWNSTREAM
STACK ARPA- ^ = ^C> IN2
DRAW HORIZONTAL IINE THROUGH DIAMETERS
LOCATION OF TRAVERSE POINTS IN CIRCULAR STACKS
A
6
8
10
12
14
16
IE
20
22
24
1
6.7
4.4
3.2
2.6
2.1
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.3
1.1
1.1
2
25.0
14.6
10.5
8.2
6.7
5.7
4.9
4.4
3.9
3.5
3.2
3
75.0
29.6
19.4
14.6
11. B
9.9
8.5
7.5
6.7
6.0
5.5
4
93.3
70.4
32.3
22.6
17.7
14.6
12.5
10.9
9.7
8.7
7.9
5
85.4
67.7
34.2
25.0
20.1
16.9
14.6
12.9
11.6
10.5
6
95.6
80.6
65.e
35.6
26.9
22.0
IB. 8
16.5
14.6
13.2
7
89.5
77.4
64.4
36.6
26.3
23.6
20.4
18.0
16.1
e
96.8
85.4
75.0
63.4
37.5
29.6
25.0
21.8
19.4
9
91.8
82.3
73.1
62.5
3B.2
30.6
26.2
23.0
10
97.4
88.2
79.9
71.7
61.8
36. B
31.5
27.2
n
93.3
85.4
78.0
70.4
61.2
39.3
32.3
12
97.9
90.1
83.1
76.4
69.4
60.7
39.8
13
94.3
67.5
81.2
75.0
66.5
60.2
14
9£ .2
91.5
85.4
79.6
73.8
67.7
IS
i
95.1
B9.1
63.5
78 .2
72.6
16
98.4
92.5
87.1
82.0
77.0
11
,
95.6
90.3
85.4
80.6
ie
I
96.6
93.3
8B.4
83.9
19
;
96.1
91.3
86.8
20
1
98.7
94.0
89.5
21
i
96.5
92.1
22
1
98.9
94.5
23
i
96.6
24
i
96.5
LOCATION OF TRAVERSE POINTS IN RECTANGULAR STACKS
2
3
L
5
6
7
8
&
10
11
12
1 i
25.0
16.7
12.5
10.0
6.3
7.1
6.3
5.6
5.0
4.5
4.2
2
75.0
50.0
37.5
30.0
25.0
21.4
18.8
16.7
15.0
13.6
12.5
3 1
83.3
62.5
50.0
41.7
35.7
31.3
27.6
25.0
22.7
20.8
* !
87.5
70.0
58.3
50.0
43.8
3e.9
35.0
31.8
29.2
5 1
90.0
75.0
64.3
56.3
50.0
45.0
40.9
37.5
6
91.7
78.6
68.8
61.1
55.0
50.0
45.8
i
92.9
81.3
72.2
65.0
59.1
54.2
8 1
93.8
83.3
75.0
68.2
62.5
9 1
94 .4
85.0
77.3
70.8
10
95.0
86.4
79.2
11'
95.5
87.5
95. 8
e
MTROPY
B-3
11 more than 6 and 2 dlaoetere and if duct
dia. 1b less tnan 2A", use 8 or 9 points,--'
VELOCITY
d < ah nr w s
UP DOWN
2.0
1.75
1. 5^-'
(
5 4- 1.25
PARTICULATE
/
12
16
20
0.5
24 or 25
Point
i or
DUCT
DEPTH
DISTANCE
FROM INSIDE
WALL
DISTANCE
FROM OUTSIDE
OF TORT
1
2.\
2
Wit
3
|U
31'A-
4
)?>.*¦
Wiq 4? ft
5
Z>.a
r-
o
TS.l-
°l-s ^5"
7
W-Y
\rx- i
8 >S.o
200%
za^'/vf
9
Sl.3
z,ic?yj 2i«r%
10
8&.1-
1 3s" lL 23SVl.
II ^3.3
12
2-56
13
14
15
16
17
18 |
I
IS
20
1
1
21
22
|
23
24
NVIRONMENTALISTS, INC
-------
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
COMPANY NAME
ADDRESS
SAMPLING LOCATION,
na-rr C, ~ 2 4 C
Lrti* Matrirff*. ~ Pop
KM 'Tnu/fv C3)~^
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, IN.
TEAM LEADER.
HG 2. ^ 6 £
tfr1
JC.
STAT I
k
RUN NUMBER 4" D ~ 1
TIME START O'f 2
TIME FINISH 12 O Q
TECHNIC 1ANS V/K 5
PRESSURE, IN.
JL
h2o
"ZT
SAMPLING TRAIN LEAK TEST VACUUM, IN. HG. .
SAMPLING TRAIN LEAK RATE, CU. FT./MIN. -?)*&()£ D-fOj" O.QOZ
EQUIPMENT CHECKS
~~77> I TOTS, PRE-TEST
' PI TOTS, POST-TEST
OBSAT SAMPLING SYSTEM
' tfdlap bag
^THERMOCOUPLE @ )10 °F
IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS
REAGENT BOX .
METER BOX J/' f
UMBILICAL
SAMPLE BOX
PROBE Z ~ /$
NOZZLE
~y
DIAMETER 6 fJ
T/C READOUT SSt ^
T/C PROBE _
ORSAT PUMP _
TEDLAR BAG _
2.- //)
FILTER #
TARE
NOMOGRAPH SET-UP
NOMOGRAPH #.
fftf
Ah
ra
/, ">'1
METER TEMP
% MOISTURE
1XL.
C FACTOR
STACK TEMP.
REF. AP
no
SAMPLE
POINT
CLOCK
TIME,
MIN.
DRY GAS
METER
READING,
CU. FT.
PI TOT
READING
( AP) ,
IN. H2O
ORIFICE
SETTING ( AH) ,
IN. H20
GAS
METER
TEMP.
°F
PUMP
VACUUM
IN. HG
GAUGE
n ts
IMLTSR
¦B9K-
^EMP.
°F
IMP.
EXIT
TEMP.
°F
STACK
TEMP.
°F
LK. CHECK |
READINGS
IDEAL
ACTUAL
cs
so
7o?3V
O.0°!
Ci'fi
O.ff
? .r>
30r>
l°o
2
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0 .
2.24-
2.24-
rt,
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4-1*
6 2,
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3
ID
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? fz
3. £2
717
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4
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7*!. is
0.29
2.
73
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7. &
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7- >
c%4
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0.2 1
2.C4-
2.0o
0.1*7
I.64-
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C.-S'
40 9
£ ?
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'yflizr
0 -3!
3. or
14
1-0
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O.J2.
3.06
3.0&
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£4
ih
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0 .063
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6$-
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if
4-0
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?-7?
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JT7'^
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3.3X
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3,3n
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£> £>
4 94. 2^
—p ¦ ¦
U,0
vM " (Tap)2" Ah " tm"
CKITDHDV
-------
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
COMPANY NAME
ADDRESS
SAMPL *
DATE
' MaZ-TIK) MatP/^TTA / £&£T
NG LOCATION fayg*7 14 (5) F. C .13
(*~~?4-'$*>L> TEAM LEADER 1>K- K TE
TEAM
IN. HG
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE,
SAMPLING TRAIN LEAK TEST VACUUM, IN. HG
SAMPLING TRAIN LEAK RATE, CU. FT./MIN. P-PP/ Q.ffih) Q.&t)0
ST
STATIC PRESSURE, IN. HjO
U LL
RUN NUMBER 7- I4r '
TIME START
TIME FINISH
ICIANS BP
o
D-ndO
EQUIPMENT CHECKS
«— PITOTS. PRE-TEST
JH. PI TOTS, POST-TEST
ORSAT SAMPLING SYSTEM
EDLAR BAG
^ THERMOCOUPLE
@
20L
FILTER #
TefLD Ki
TARE
IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS
REAGENT BOX
METER BOX /"7
UMBILICAL P
SAMPLE BOX
PROBE SbHtfLT
NOZZLE.
log
DIAMETER
1EL
T/C READOUT
T/C PROBE A-
ORSAT PUMP I
TEDLAR BAG
OCOI4-
NOMOGRAPH SET-UP NOMOGRAPH
\nu _ C FACTOR
METER TEMP STACK TEMP
% MOISTURE PL* _ REF. AP
Ah
0
/
SAMPLE
PP INT
CLOCK
TIME,
MIN.
DRY GAS
METER
READING,
CU. FT.
"PI TOT
OR1F1CE
SETT 1NG (AH),
IN. H20
GAS
METER
TEMP.
°F
PUMP
VACUUM
IN. HG
GAUGE
IMP.
EXIT
TEMP.
°F
STACK
TEMP.
°F
LK. CHECK
READINGS
•BOX
SEMP.
.4-Z_
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COMPANY NAME
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PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
COMPANY //J—A/A^l E~T XA 1^0^
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PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
NAME - Z) 0£-
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PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
COMPANY NAME Mailtim Mae/etta
ADDRESS pj&DTAH.Ky,
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COMPANY NAME
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COMPANY NAME
ADDRESS _
A/a/2-T/aJ MtkRuZTTA-l-2>
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SAMPLING LOCATION
DATE. fe-25 TEAMLEADER
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ENTROPY
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PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
COMPANY NAME
MfiPTIA) HktlETTtfhoP:
ADDRESS PA&UCAH, KY- f— : ¦
SAMPLING LOCATION &?37 - 2X/<1? , £".£ ¦
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barometric pressure, in. hc
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ENTROPY
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PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
COMPANY
ADDRESS
N»ur M*ejt=rrrA !!)&&
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COMPANY NAME hkbuc*4 ]^lfrpcxs^QA) R-^att RUN NLIMBER~PS' jM- ' k' (1J Vl
£ l| TIME START ¦Qfe'?) \
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PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
(=?JlSg*>u.J
SAMPLING LOCATION C-IV? -ZA
COMPANY NAME
ADDRESS
date
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PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
ps-br-^-z-
COMPANY NAME
ADDRESS
MaZJIU MAdZJtLTTAfbbL
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i-iatf 6,-24
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RUN NUMBER 'PS'l>h'
TIME START llfilla
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ENTROPY
-------
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
hiuuriu MA£j£-rrt
jVhtea-2-
COMPANY NAME
ADDRESS
SAMPLING LOCATION
FiuPFuJtlb -
DATE Lo~24-~&L' L-TS-QJe* I^EAM LEADER HP£
PRESSURE, IN. HG
RUN NUMBEFTp^1'
TIME START 11^>'Z
TIME FINISH msA
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SAMPLING TRAIN
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STAT IC
i5_ JjE
TECHNICIANS _
PRESSURE, IN.
h2o
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PITOTS, PRE-TEST
PITOTS, POST-TEST
ORSAT SAMPLING SYSTEM
^TEDLAR BAG
THERMOCOUPLE @ C
IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS
AJ-3
REAGENT BOX
METER BOX
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SAMPLE BOX. z4-
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POINT
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TIME,
MIN.
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IN. HG
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F1LTER
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IMP.
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TEMP.
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LK. CHECK
READINGS I
IDEAL|ACTUAL
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ENTROPY
-------
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
MaZTik) MMLlEXTJLlboiE
a *>s»»>• i j-i 1/ \/
RUN NUMBER FS~ A ) Z ~k\
TIME START /S44
TIME FINISH /°l 4^~
COMPANY NAMF. . , ,^.1—¦ . ^
ADDRESS —
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TECHNIC IANS
STAT IC PRESSURE, IN.
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EQUIPMENT CHECKS
PITOTS, PRE -TEST
PITOTS, POST-TEST
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TEDLAR BAG
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IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS
REAGENT BOX
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POINT
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TIME,
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METER
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PI TOT
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r il ietf?
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READINGS
IDEAL
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12.-1
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ENTROPY
-------
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
NAUT Ma&-Tjk)
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COMPANY
ADDRESS
SAMPLING LOCAT
nUTF L.g - "2jCt
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE,
SAMPLING TRAIN LEAK
SAMPLING TRAIN LEAK
,QN 7 . rrWJf
-&>£* TEAM LEADER SPiCl
2°>-72-
RUN NUMBER "P"
TIME START
TIME FINISH
TiToO
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RATE, CU. FT.
STATIC
TECHNICIANS _
PRESSURE, IN.
HzO
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F ILTER #
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REAGENT BOX _
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SAMPLE
POINT
CLOCK
TIME,
MIN.
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METER
READING,
CU. FT.
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PUMP
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LK. CHECK
READINGS
IDEAL|ACTUAL
14-1
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ENTROPY
-------
PARTICULATE FIELD DATA
COMPANY NAME 77^ M -
ADDRESS -
SAMPLI
DATE !*2 t-S 1
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE, IN. HC O
ING LOCATION Q*i^aLf/f
6>"2-3 . LrTTA-Qb TEAM LEADER SSF£-
RUN NUMBER =f
TIME START I5*pf
SAMPLING TRAIN LEAK TEST VACUUM,
SAMPLING TRAIN LEAK RATE. CU. F1
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STATIC PRESSURE,
TIME FINISH 0*74-/
TECHNICIANS
IN.
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IN. HG.
,/MIN. D
EQUIPMENT CHECKS
"PITOTS, PRE-TEST
PITOTS, POST-TEST
"ORSAT SAMPLING SYSTEM
fEDLAR BAG
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TARE
IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS
NQ771 F*^ DIAMETER
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SP' I T/C PROBE ^ - I j
SAMPLE BOX y ORSAT PUMP
(o~l TEDLAR BAG _
REAGENT BOX
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PROBE
NOMOGRAPH SET-UP
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% MOISTURE
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35
SAMPLE
POINT
CLOCK
TIME,
MIN.
DRY GAS
METER
READING,
CU. FT.
PI TOT
READING
(AP).
IN. H2O
OR 1F1CE
SETT ING (AH) ,
IN. H?0
GAS
METER
TEMP.
°F
PUMP
VACUUM
IN. HG
GAUGE
FILTER
BOX
TEMP.
°F
IMP.
EXIT
TEMP.
°F
STACK
TEMP.
°F
LK. CHECK
READ1NGS
IDEAL
ACTUAL
/
o/o
<30.517 .
o.2£>
Z.2L£
z.z3 e/
7
aJ/4
(p2-
^<5
37^.9/^
1
1 1
1
\
1 1 I
I
1 1 1
1
1
1 1
1
i
1 1
1
|
1 1
l
1
l
1 1 1
1
i i l
1
1 1
|
1
1 1 1
|
I ! 1 1 I
|
1 1 1 r | |
1 1 !
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
/zse.4ot ,0.1%
'M
( y'bP)'
B-29
Ah
'M
ENTROPY
fib"1
T (.'
-------
PADUCAH SAMPLE INVENTORY FOR ANALYSIS BY NAA July 3, 1986
Date
Sampled
Sample
Description
Sample
ID
Sample
Analysis
06/24/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Filtrate
1-F
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/24/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Filtrate
2-F
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/26/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Filtrate
3-F
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/25/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Filtrate
4-F
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/25/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Filtrate
5-F
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/26/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Filtrate
6-F
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/25/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Filtrate
7-E_ .
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/25/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Filtrate
8-F
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/26/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Filtrate
9-F
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/24/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Filtrate
10-F
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/24/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Filtrate
11-F
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/26/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Filtrate
12-F
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/27/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Filtrate
13-F
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/27/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Filtrate
14-F
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/27/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Filtrate
15-F
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/27/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Filtrate
16-F
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
07/02/86
Deionized
Water Blank Filtrate
17-F
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/24/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Residue
1-R
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/24/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Residue
2-R
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/26/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Residue
3-R
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/25/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Residue
4-R
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/25/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Residue
5-R
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/26/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Residue
6-R
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/25/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Residue
7-R
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/25/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Residue
8-R
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/26/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Residue
9-R
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/24/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Residue
10-R
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/24/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Residue
11-R
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/26/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Residue
12-R
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/27/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Residue
13-R
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/27/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Residue
14-R
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/27/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Residue
15-R
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/27/86
Cooling
Tower
Water
Residue
16-R
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
07/02/86
Deionized
Water Blank Residue
17-R
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/24/86
Absorbent
Paper
P-18-P
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/24/86
Absorbent
Paper
P-19-P
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/26/86
Absorbent
Paper
P-20-P
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/25/86
Absorbent
Paper
P-21-P
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/25/86
Absorbent
Paper
P-22-P
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/26/86
Absorbent
Paper
P-23-P
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/25/86
Absorbent
Paper
P-24-P
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/25/86
Absorbent
Paper
P-25-P
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/26/86
Absorbent
Paper
P-26-P
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/24/86
Absorbent
Paper
P-27-P1
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/24/86
Absorbent
Paper
P-27-P2
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/24/86
Absorbent
Paper
P-28-P
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/26/86
Absorbent
Paper
P-29-P
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/27/86
Absorbent
Paper
P-30-P
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/27/86
Absorbent
Paper
P-31-P
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/27/86
Absorbent
Paper
P-32-P
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
06/27/86
Absorbent
Paper
P-33-P
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
07/03/86
Adsorbent
Paper Blank
P-44
NAA
Cr
Br
Na
07/03/86
QA Sample
1
P-46
NAA
Cr
Br
B-30
-------
PADUCAH SAMPLE INVENTORY FOR ANALYSIS BY RTI July 7, 1986
Date Sample Whole
Sampled Description Sample Sample Analysis
06/24/86 Cooling Tower Water
06/24/86 Cooling Tower Water
06/26/86 Cooling Tower Water
06/25/86 Cooling Tower Water
06/25/86 Cooling Tower Water
06/26/86 Cooling Tower Water
06/25/86 Cooling Tower Water
06/25/86 Cooling Tower Water
06/26/86 Cooling Tower Water
06/24/86 Cooling Tower Water
06/24/86 Cooling Tower Water
06/26/86 Cooling Tower Water
06/27/86 Cooling Tower Water
06/27/86 Cooling Tower Water
06/27/86 Cooling Tower Water
06/27/86 Cooling Tower Water
06/24/86 Sampling Train
06/24/86 Sampling Train
06/26/86 Sampling Train
06/25/86 Sampling Train
06/25/86 Sampling Train
06/26/86 Sampling Train
06/25/86 Sampling Train
06/25/86 Sampling Train
06/26/86 Sampling Train
06/24/86 Sampling Train
06/24/86 Sampling Train
06/26/86 Sampling Train
06/27/86 Sampling Train
06/27/86 Sampling Train
06/27/86 Sampling Train
06/27/86 Sampling Train
06/23/86 Disc Particle Sizing
06/24/86 Disc Particle Sizing
06/25/86 Disc Particle Sizing
06/26/86 Disc Particle Sizing
06/27/86 Disc Particle Sizing
06/23/86 Nozzle Part. Sizing
06/24/86 Nozzle Part. Sizing
06/25/86 Nozzle Part. Sizing
06/26/86 Nozzle Part. Sizing
06/27/86 Nozzle Part. Sizing
07/07/86 EEI DI Water W/Filter
07/03/86 QA Sample 1
07/08/86 QA Sample 2
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
P-
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
P-10
P-ll
P-12
P-13
P-14
P-15
P-16
P-18
P-19
P-20
P-21
P-22
P-23
P-24
P-25
P-26
P-27
P-28
P-29
P-30
P-31
P-32
P-33
P-34
P-1002
P-35
P-36
P-37
P-1001
P-38
P-39
P-40
P-41
P-42
P-45
P-47
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
RTI
Cr+6,Minerals
Cr+6
Cr+6
Cr+6
Cr+6
Cr+6
Cr+6
Cr+6
Cr+6
Cr+6
Cr+6
Cr+6
Cr+6
Cr+6
Cr+6
Cr+6,Minerals
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr:NAA
Cr+6
Cr
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br, Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
Cr,Br,Na
B-31
-------
PADUCAH SAMPLE INVENTORY FOR ANALYSIS BY NAA July 10, 1986
Date
Sample
Whole
Sampled
Description
Sample
Sample Analysis
06/24/86
Sampling
Train
P-18
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/24/86
Sampling
Train
P-19
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/26/86
Sampling
Train
P-20
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/25/86
Sampling
Train
P-21
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/25/86
Sampling
Train
P-22
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/26/86
Sampling
Train
P-23
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/25/86
Sampling
Train
P-24
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/25/86
Sampling
Train
P-25
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/26/86
Sampling
Train
P-26
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/24/86
Sampling
Train
P-27
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/24/86
Sampling
Train
P-28
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/26/86
Sampling
Train
P-29
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/27/86
Sampling
Train
P-30
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/27/86
Sampling
Train
P-31
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/27/86
Sampling
Train
P-32
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/27/86
Sampling
Train
P-33
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/23/86
Disc Particle Sizing
P-34
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/24/86
Disc Particle Sizing
P-1002
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/25/86
Disc Particle Sizing
P-35
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/26/86
Disc Particle Sizing
P-36
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/27/86
Disc Particle Sizing
P-37
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/23/86
Nozzle Part. Sizing
P-1001
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/24/86
Nozzle Part. Sizing
P-38
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/25/86
Nozzle Part. Sizing
P-39
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/26/86
Nozzle Part. Sizing
P-40
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
06/27/86
Nozzle Part. Sizing
P-41
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
07/07/86
EEI DI Water W/Filter
P-42
RTI
Cr:NAA
Cr,Br,Na
Paducah
Water Blank
P-43
NAA
Cr,Br,Na
07/08/86
QA Sample 2
P-48
NAA
Cr, Br
07/07/86
Concentration Recovery
P-50
NAA
Cr, Br
07/07/86
Concentration Recovery
P-51
NAA
Cr, Br
07/08/86
Cone. Residue Recovery
P-52
NAA
Cr,Br,Na
07/08/86
Cone. Residue Recovery
P-53
NAA
Cr,Br,Na
04/13/86
Hi-Vol No. 5045260
A-01
NAA
;Cr,Br,Na
04/13/86
Hi-Vol No. 5045258
A-02
NAA
;Cr,Br,Na
05/14/86
Hi-Vol No. 5045573
A-03
NAA
;Cr,Br,Na
05/14/86
Hi-Vol No. 5045575
A-04
NAA
;Cr,Br,
Na
B-32
-------
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
64
65
66
67
L06
75
77
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
GASEOUS DIFFUSION PLANT - Paducah, Kentucky
Sample I.D.
Pad P-18 Impin & Filter
Pad P-19 Impin & Filter
Pad P-20 Impin L Filter
Pad P-21 Impin & Filter
Pad P-22 Impin & Filter
Pad P-23 Impin & Filter
Pad P-24 Impin & Filter
Pad P-25 Impin. & Filter
Pad P-26 Impin & Filter
Pad P-27 Impin & Filter
Pad P-28 Impin & Filter
Pad P-29 Impin & Filter
Pad P~30 Impin & Filter
Pad P-31 Impin & Filter
Pad P-32 Impin &. Filter
Pad P-33 Impin & Filter
Pad P-42 H20 L Filt Blank
Pad P-43 Paducah H20 Blank
Pad P-34 Disc Part. Sizing
Pad P-35 Disc Part. Sizing
Pad P-36 Disc Part. Sizing
Pad P-37 Disc Part. Sizing
Pad P-1002 Disc Part. Sizing
Pad P-1001 Nozzle Train
Pad P-1001 Nozzle Train
Pad P-38 Nozzle Train
Pad P-39 Nozzle Train
Pad P-40 Nozzle Train
Pad P-4l Nozzle Train
Pad P-48 QA-2
Pad Concentration Recovery
Pad 52-C Residue Recovery
Run No.
4-8,7-1
4-7,8-2
4-7,8-6
5-10,9-3
5-9,10-4
5-10,9-5
6-12,11-3
6-11,12-4
6-12,11-5
7-14,13-1
7-14,14-2
7-14,13-6
7-14,13-7
7-13,14-8
7-13-9
7-14-9
DI7-14-1
DI6-12-3
DI7-14-4
DI6-11-5
DI5-10-2 * Run Aborted
NZ7-14-1 * Run aborted
NZ5-10-2
NZ6-12-3
NZ7-14-4
NZ6-11-5
B-33
-------
. WET CHEMICAL ANALYSIS SHEETS
DATE RECEIVED: If- / 1- rC, DATE ANALYZED /( -fl A //-z-o
ANALYST: (%• * CLIENT: ^
analyte: X£/ r.*
RTI # CLIENT # &PA-A- SAK»L£ CONCENTRATION ICP
Tom] ugy ^ ng/g ug/*L
_J /9C Uf
v ZZ"b «fl
_2 yy ^ a-rz-
Jt Z g-Z- 2-"2- g-
?.r.r 3&g
k l(U 1
n ; 3S y
Ll t'.r
Of ' Z- Zj Zl>f
/ p ; o / o r i rro
_iZ_ _£L
/*- i f o t r l
13 -zi 2 ~z-( fr
i f / ry frf
lL_ ni _2i_
il i
-------
QUALITY CONTROL REPORT FORM
EL EMENT Cr - 6 PA-A
Date I!-) 7/if- ^
Analyst &. /V).
a*,
(0^
• SRM or CHECK STD.
Certified or Prepared conc. / 0
Averace Recorted Cone. I % \
% Difference £3
• DUPLICATES 3°
Concentration A /V ? ppl A-3 x 100 =
Concentration 5 / tf 0 l> (A-rB/2)
®- RECOVERY A-pptt C
C so iked ( ) - C unspiked ( )_ x 100 =
C True Spiked ( )
Method of Standard Additions Employed? yes no A
Highest Std run TO pti Flame a///^ Flameless
Lowest Std run 2 p p ^ N9Q/C7H7
Detection Limit / l/r » t? kLr/Ci^z.
Blank levels smipl? 3KG. Corr. yes 1/ no
2,e *****
COMMENTS:
B-35
-------
ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS SHEETS
DATE RECEIVED: I' /f 7 / DATE ANALYZED: n / /•» -
ANALYST: R . « CLIENT: £n
ANALYTE: Chro~" * -> X CP— Q-FA-A
MATRIX:
ATOMIZATION (EXCITATION)
MODE: FLAME a.Conventional FLAMELESS d.Furnace X-
(checlc one) b.Hydride " e.Hg Cold
c.ICAP - Vapor
Wavelength 35"7. ¥ *> **
SI i t O'1 «
LIGHT SOURCE TYPE: Hollow Cathode
(check one) Electrodeless Discharge
Other
ATOMIZATION/EXCITATION CONDITIONS
a. Flame: Fuel ; flow cc/min
(convention) Oxidant flow cc/min_
Burner type;
b. Flame: Fuel ; flow cc/min_
(hydride) Oxidant ; flow cc/min_
Purge Gas ; flow cc/min
Sample Vol ml.
B-36
-------
c. Reducing Agent
ATOMIZATION CONDITIONS (Continued)
NaBH.
d. ICAP
Zinc
Nebulization Rate
Torch Height
Other
cc/sTiin
ran
e. Furnaces
Dry
Char
¦z.o
_s @
^s §
Atocnizeg-^W's @
Purge Gas s @
ly-o
Z-^oo
O
'Z
_"c
'Z
#cc/min
Flow Mode: Interrupt ^ Normal
Cuvette type p U //W
Matrix Modification
f. Hg Cold Vapor Sweep Gas
Sample Vol.
Sample Pretreatment
Reducing Agent NaBH^
(check one) SnCl^
9
ml
cc/min,
Standardization Mode
(check one) a.
b.
c.
direct calibration Y
spike
standard additions
Standard Analysis: Concentration
0 -g-SI ty, I
Absorbance
CD
hi
Mean
aoiL
0 • ILl
P. Z ?(p
Regression Constants m ,b
Correlation Coefficient R~ $, f9 Q V
£LJ*o CsU-rrt c*rrr.
B-37
-------
WET CHEMICAL ANALYSIS SHEETS
DATE RECEIVED: //- 1 V ^ DATE ANALYZED /Z~/y V-7*
ANALYST: ^///s^ CLIENT: ^
T7
ANALYTE: ^ ^
RTI # CLIENT # G-PA4 SA»L£ CONCENTRATION XC P
Toc*J- ug^ L Wi ug/' L
q*>6, __£££
_A-L _LLi -LL3L
U -77 jtV-
_L2- _l£l —LH
kf //7 L 9/7
4 ^ ______ Z 2-
IP . -L?f 2$Q-
1! HiH 1-? L
~?1 4-3 S~o
. / P? -g>*-g-/9g>
^
"7^ ^ro 7.5-^Q
Hi _ZJ±
^ 7 17f _J_L±
B-38
-------
WET CHEMICAL ANALYSIS SHEETS
DATE RECEIVED: /i - DATE ANALYZED //-^ ^
ANALYST: CLIENT: (rL /,
ANALYTE: T& J-*,, f
v'"3»
i3L
T
RTI # CLiEKT # G-PVU SA*>L£ CONCENTRATION IcF
T«««i u
-------
QUALITY CONTROL REPORT FORM
EL EttENT Ct-
Date / 3- - 9 —fC
Analyst ./v? > kJ>! ir+
• SRM or CHECK STD.
Certified or Prepared conc. If- 0
Average Reported Cone. / £ T /, *?» 7
% Difference */. ^ ?¦
DUPLICATES 1 4
Concentration A ^ ^ A-3 x 100 = T- ¦
Concentration B -? 5 (A+3/2)
RECOVERY ( /V/*.
•~s/ )
C spiked ( ) - C unspiked ( )_ x 100 -
C True Spiked (" )
Method of Standard Additions Emoloved? ves no
Highest Std run ' Flame Flameless^
Lowest Std run N2O/C2E2
Detection Limit Air/C2R2
Blank levels BKG. Corr. yes no
COMMENTS
B-40
Figure 3. Qualify control report form for merhoc
-------
ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS SHEETS
/z-/
DATE RECEIVED: DATE ANALYZED: /' ¦ J~r-
-------
ATOMIZATION CONDITIONS (Continued)
c. Reducing Agent NaBH^
Zinc
d. ICAP Nebulization Rate cc/min
Torch Height ^ rim
Other
e. Furnaces Dry 3 o s @ / */ o *c
Char -LQ s @ fi *C
Atomize s @ 74, 00 *C
Purge Gas s @ 3Q 0 'cc/min
Flow Mode: Interrupt 7^- Normal
Cuvette type „ /tJ-Ars —
Matrix Modification rv\f A/P-, K
Al '
f. Hg Cold Vapor Sweep Gas ? cc/min.
Sample Vol. ml
Sample Pretreatment
Reducing Agent NaBH^
(check one) SnCl^
Standardization Mode
(check one) a. direct calibration /\
b. spike
c. standard additions
Standard Analysis: Concentration Absorbance Mean
v py y
1 . 15~%
yv ,^1
Regression Constants m
Correlation Coefficient R
»b
6. E"42
-------
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS SHEETS ,
7/7/s-d. Cr 7/fc/S'k ^
DATE RECEIVED: nllT/tOi*y
ANALYTE: Cr"^ to±*JL Ci^frcp)
RTI #
£=L.
P'Z.
f- 3
LaL
£_C
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?-2
£_J_
P-i°
P-n
P-iz
P-/3
P-!H
h
/L
0
P'l&
&-t
Rz2=
CLIENT #
5Ane
SAWLE CONCENTRATION
Total ug
4oE!?*kr
_l_if-
iAl
ZJO
2J4z-
ft,34-
-7, ?7
£.4/
JW2-
#¦£>7
2.32-
ug/mL C r
7-^7
_2ill
g, ?2- g. 3-
2. QLf
t, 53-
8.01
fr-5 2.
r7,c}'l
1-11
%.5o
±.
g,/7
g, /7
/. Qfl /. Of
W.«/6
y?t.o5
B-A3
-------
ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSES SHEETS
DATE RECEIVED; 7/it/ ( C^^/PATE ANALYZED: 7 / / f 6
££
ANALYST: /4t^Aa CLIENT:
ANALYTE: (V ^
ATOMIZATION (EXCITATION) to[o^r\c Cu
MODE: FLAME a.Conventional FLAMELESS d.Furnace
(check one) b.Hydride e.Hg Cold
c.ICAP Vapor
Wavelength
SI it
LIGHT SOURCE TYPE: Hollow Cathode
(check one) Electrodeless Discharge
Other
ATOMIZATION/EXCITATION CONDITIONS
a. Flame: Fuel ; flow cc/min
(convention) Oxidant ; flow cc/min
Burner type;
b. Flame: Fuel ; flow cc/min
(hydride) Oxidant ; flow cc/min
Purge Gas ; flow cc/min
Sample Vol ml. ,,
B-44
-------
c. Reducing Agent
ATOMIZATION CONDITIONS (Continued)
NaBH,
d. ICAP
Zinc
Nebulization Rate
Torch Height
Other
cc/min
mm
e. Furnaces
Dry
Char
Atomize
Purge Gas
_s 0
_S @
_S 0
S @
;c
_#c
_°c
°cc/min
Flow Mode: Interrupt
Cuvette type
Matrix Modification
Normal
f. Hg Cold Vapor Sweep Gas
Sample Vol.
Sample Pretreatment
Reducing Agent NaBH^_
(check one) SnCl4
ml
cc/min,
Standardization Mode
(check one) a.
b.
c.
direct calibration
spike
standard additions
X
Standard Analysis: Concentration
O
Absorbance
O ,Q.O%°
/, QJli.
Mean
Regression Constants m
»b
Correlation Coefficient R - .9 9 9 ^ B_A5
-------
ICP
Analysis Sheet
Date Received
Client
Date Analyzed
7 / / /
Analyte (s) C.V , dcX. . Mq
, M«. Ml.
Analyst
/ /
& Vc/i x e
/ )aJ//^Of1
' 1 7
Matrix \AJ
> )
Torch Power
3
f " '
Nebulizer Pressure
3- 3
ps 1
Nebulizer Flow Rate _ £ mL/min
w
i
-E-
Element
Wavelength
Window
Integrat ion
Linear Range
BKG
I/E
I/E
(nm)
( nm)
(sec)
( ppm)
corr.
cor r.
coor
CV
M
(i)
(2)
3- 0 S" • 3"5"
/. O
Wo
L
0*
3 76 .^0
M
/. o
6~ DO
L
Ma
3L Jl/
M
J. o
R
7
Mn
c? -6 7 /
M
/. 0
3. S"
0
hf
S~?9. fT?
M
/. o
/ &~v~v
L
Calibration Mode a. direct calibration
b. spike
c. standard additions
Calibration Standards - see ICP print out attached.
-------
QUALITY CONTROL REPORT FORM
ELEMENT_ n ,4n / LTSLv
Pats *7 / ! J?&
An sly s u ir s> ^ p m
Averaae Recorted Cone. / £> o
% Difrerence
« DUPLICATES
Concentration A o. 01 A-3 x 100
Concentration B a . o a. (A+3/2 )
• RECOVERY
C spiked ( ) - C unspikea ( )_ x 100 =
C True Spiked (" )
Method of Standard Additions Employed? yes no_
Highest Std run _*T. 0 o X CP i/ rlameless
Lowest Std run M2O/C2K?
Detection Limit jp pph Air/C2E2
3lank levels 3KG. Corr. yes 1/"
COMMENTS
B-47
Figure 3. Quality control report form for method
validation s~uay.
-------
Date
L/-L
QUALITY CONTROL REPORT FORM
EL SMENT (LaUi
£* &
fj
Analyst A///,
L±a
SRM
or
CHECK STD . iS
¦7<¥
J£L
Certified or Prepared cone. )on
Average Reported Cone. / 01, n n rr\
% Difrerence
O-
• DUPLICATES
Concentration A /s~7
Concentration B /
¦7^
J2X,
A-3
-ft
try
(A+3/2)
x loo = g, s~
RECOVERY
C soiked (
) - C unspiked (
) x 100 =
C True Spiked (
Method of Standard Additions Emoloved? ves
no /X
Highest Std run / 0. o p p X (LP S Flanieiess_
Lowest Std run N2Q/C2H2
Detection Limit /
3lank levels
Air/C2H2_
3KG. Corr. ves
^ n.
COMMENTS:
B-A8
Figure 3. Quali-y concrol repor- form for method
validation study.
-------
QUALITY CONTROL REPORT FORM
Date 7 // / cf £
ELEMENT Mac
Analyst d^.^Lsre / Wiho
£>
• SRM
or CHECK STD.
Certified or Prepared conc.
/ & > 0 p p
£23-
Average Reported Cone. 7. 7 p n\t^
% Difference
J7
DUPLICATES
Concentration A_
Concentration B"
? I. o
jip.
pp
A-3 x 100 = jl .
(A+3/2)
© RECOVERY
C soiked (
) - C unspiked (
) x 100 =
C True Spiked (
no
Method of Standard Additions Employed? yes_
Highest Std run /d, O pp ^ T£P ?lameless_
Lowest Std run
Detection Limi t / o o p p L
3lank levels
N20/C2H2_
A i r / C 2 H
3KG. Corr. ves
no
COMMENTS
B-49
Figure 3. Quality control report form for method
-------
QUALITY CONTROL REPORT FORM
'f
ELEMENT
Data 7 /l / JrC,
Analyst /u/,
m SRM or CHECK STD. ^
Certified or Prepared conc. /. g op A „ ^
Average Recorted Cone.
' 0.9-Tjj pptrr
% Difference 7
• DUPLICATES
Concentration A < o, /> a .*r pp** A-3 x 100 =
Concentration B < p. o o.<~ h p (A+3/2)
• RECOVERY
C spiked ( ) - C unspiked ( )_ x 100 =
C True Spiked (" )
Method of Standard Additions Employed? yes no ^
Highest Std run J0. oo pp™ ~r/>p >/ Flameless
Lowest Std run N2O/C2H2
Detection Limit £~~ ppl Air/C2H2
3lank levels 3KG. Corr. ves no \y
COMMENTS:
B-50
Figure 3. Quality control report form for method
-------
QUALITY CONTROL REPORT FORM
ELEMENT_
Date 7///V4
Analyst Q, so h r e /1aJi/s-q
n
SRM
or CHECK STD.
Certified or Prepared conc._
Averaae Recorted Cone. '
/ o o
ML.
¦Pi
rf> /»7
% Difference
£-
• DUPLICATES
Concentration A 3 y> n ^
Concentration B 3 7 7 p n
• RECOVERY
C soiked (
A-3 x 10 0 = /.
(A+3/2)
) - C unsDiked (
) x 100 =
C True Spiked (
)
Method of Standard Additions Employed? yes
no
Highest Std run /Q
7V1
yi/7
TCP
: iameiess
Lowest Std run
Detection Limit / an m
3lank levels
n20/c2h2.
Air/C2K2_
BKG. Corr. ves
no
COMMENTS:
B-51
Figure 3. Quality control reporr form for method
-------
EL NM CH SEC
CR 205.55 A 1.0
RAW-CONC CDNC
0. GOO 0. 000
5. 000 5. 000
0 0 0 0
E# INTENSITY
99 40
3 16716
NM CH
9. 94
H
1 n
B# INTERSI TV
99 11 ->
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RAW-CON''
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0
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EL NM
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SEC
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INTENSITY
CONC
^ A
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370.
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253772
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30.693
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370.
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61
A
1627
0. 01
V
-------
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OPERATOR »WP
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TIME NAM
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417
=324 52
0. 00
10. 00
CDNC
0. 00
10. 00
0 0
-------
Date(s) of Analysis: *7 // / tf (=> Analyst: Q/nh^e / luVWS
Identity of Folder(s) Containing Data Sheets, Strip Charts and Calculat
E 1 em en t
Sample Number
P-!
P-/&,
T-to
7- 7
t-h
C. r
7¦ 9Y
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0,030
6.03b
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B-54
-------
Sample Type: Ceo((«
on s:
: /1(4 Notebook No., Pg . No.'s Showing Sample Weights 7
U*UJ t
"7 /?£¦ " ^—Ze
e*> <*v
Rep 1 Icates
Chec k Samples
OA Sam p1e
OA Spike
P-f
P-IC
T-/0
Expec-
ted
Found
E x pec-
ted
F ound
Expec-
ted
Found
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ted
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-
B-55
-------
NUCLEAR ENERGY SERVICES
ACTIVATION ANALYSIS REPORT
CLIENT Dr. William DeWees
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc.
Box 12291
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709
P. 0. No.
Report No.
Date of Report
Phone
03-4336-05
333275
7/24/86
781-3550
EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS
13 2
18 Hr. Irradiation - 1.5 x 10 n/cm -sec.
Monitored Decay
800 Sec. Counts On An Ortec 35%, 25%, and 21% GeLi Detectors Coupled
To An ND6620 Computerized Gamma Detection System
ANALYSIS RESULTS
DATA TABLES ATTACHED
Issued by:
/// /
.Jack N. Weaver
Head, Nuclear Services
: B-56
LOCATED AT:
^ ^ fr'TciiMiwcociTv/D/iicir.u n c. -97rqi;/pmonP' (Q10\ 737-3347
-------
TABLE 1
NAA Of Filters And Solutions
(ugrams element/sample received)
Sample Description Cr Br
1-F
15.351
+
0.9%
0.782
+
4.7%
971.27
+
1.0%
2-F
14.568
+
1.0%
1.055
+
3.5%
1034.58
+
1.0%
3 —F
14.233
+
1.0%
0.796
+
4.7%
980.85
+
1.0%
4-F
13.229
+
1.0%
0.903
+
4 .3%
995.93
+
1.0%
5-F
13.752
+
1.3%
0.876
+
4.1%
984.49
+
1.1%
6-F
15.643
+
0.8%
0.746
+
4 .5%
849.02
+
1 . 0%
1-F
14.395
+
0.9%
0.792
+
3.5%
815.56
+
1.1%
8-F
13.023
+
1.0%
0. 824
+
4 .2%
932.71
+
1. 0%
9-F
13.590
+
0.9%
0.863
+
4.1%
971.27
+
1.0%
10-F
13.975
+
0.9%
0.918
+
4.0%
759.70
+
1.1%
11 —F
15.022
+
0.9%
1.022
±
4.0%
996.19
+
1.0%
12-F
12.944
+
0.9%
0.715
+
4 .7%
816.69
+
1. 0%
13-F
14.169
+
0.9%
0.739
+
3.6%
899.47
+
1.0%
14-F
13.411
+
1.0%
0.738
+
4.6%
972.20
+
1.0%
15-F
11.717
+
1.1%
0.744
+
4 . 9%
976 .69
+
1.0%
16 -F
13.331
+
0 . 9%
0 . 708
+
4.6%
803.78
+
1.1%
17-F
0.018
+
20.0%
0.024
+
20.0%
<0 . 100
1 —R
0.129
+
12.7%
0.095
+
5.6%
7.631
+
5. 5%
2-R
0. 798
+
2.7%
0.073
+
6.0%
1.773
+
12.8%
3-R
0.683
+
3.3%
0.057
+
7.9%
1 .617
+
11. 9%
-------
TABLE 1 Continued
NAA Of Filters And Solutions
(ugrams element/sample received)
Sample Description Cr Br Na
4-R
2.080
+
1.6%
0.069
+
7.3%
1.262
+
13.8%
5-R
4 .496
+
1.0%
0.080
+
7.0%
0.496
+
20.0%
6-R
1.054
+
2.5%
0.057
+
8 .2%
2.170
+
13.3%
7-R
0. 901
+
2 .8%
0.102
+
5.1%
12.001
+
3.8%
8-R
0. 216
+
7.6%
0.028
+
14 . 9%
1.957
+
11.8%
9-R
0.605
+
3.6%
0.043
+
9 .6%
0.482
+
20.0%
10-R
0. 364
+
5.0%
0.053
+
8.5%
6.468
+
6.1%
11-R
0. 430
+
4 .3%
0. 040
+
10.4%
0.809
+
19.3%
12-R
0. 553
+
4.1%
0.085
+
6.4%
1. 957
+
12.9%
13-R
0. 532
+
2.4%
0.063
+
6 . 9%
5 . 303
+
5 .3%
14-R
0. 431
+
3.1%
0. 077
+
5.8%
0.959
+
16 .3%
15-R
0.409
+
3.2%
0. 034
+
10.5%
0.522
+
17.6%
16-R
0.476
+
3.1%
0.069
+
7.2%
3.859
+
6. 3%
17-R
0.039
+
17.0%
0.013
+
20.0%
0. 498
+
20. 0%
P-18-P
25.743
+
0 .4%
3.077
+
0.8%
409.43
+
0.6%
P-19-P
25.844
+
0.4%
1.880
+
1.2%
293.71
+
0.7%
P-20-P
83.976
±
0.4%
4.809
+
1.3%
2224.26
+
0.4%
P-21-P
61.181
+
0.4%
7. 218
+
0.9%
1967.60
+
0.4%
P-22-P
78.566
+
0.4%
7.325
+
1.1%
2674.46
+
0.4%
P-23-P
78.009
+
0.2%
3.521
+
0.9%
1136.27
+
0.3%
-------
TABLE 1 Continued
NAA Of Filters And Solutions
(ugrams element/sample received)
Sample Description
Cr
Br
Na
P-24-P
11.024
+
0.6%
0.923
+
1.8%
251.54
+
0.8%
P-25-P
32.968
+
0.7%
5.047
+
1.1%
2158.89
+
0.4%
P-26-P
37.941
+
0.5%
3.481
+
1.4%
2104 .40
+
1.4%
P-27-P1
6. 553
+
0.8%
0.990
+
1.7%
317 .29
+
0.7%
P-27-P2
3.765
+
1.0%
0.830
+
1.7%
160.23
+
0.9%
P-28-P
4.424
+
1.0%
0. 551
+
2.1%
114.21
+
1.1%
P-29-P
8.797
+
0.6%
0.950
+
1.7%
415.34
+
0.6%
P-30-P
7.447
+
0.9%
3.786
+
0.8%
1072.55
+
0.4%
P-31-P
7.628
+
0.7%
0.884
+
1.7%
342.83
+
0.6%
P-32-P
6.066
+
0.9%
0.631
+
2.1%
315.68
+
0.6%
P-33-P
3.087
+
1.3%
0. 394
+
2.2%
146.45
+
0.9%
P-4 4
0.331
+
5.6%
0. 135
+
4 .3%
12.406
+
3.5%
P-46
1.227
+
4.2%
0.945
+
2.7%
0.932
+
20.0%
NOTES: (1.) Standards used in the analysis of these unknowns and NBS SRMS were National
Bureau of Standards elemental solutions and EPA Spec Industries NAA solu-
tions .
(2.) These Cr results are based on a seven day sample decay. After a fourteen
day radioactive decay, the samples will be counted again for Cr results.
(3.) Other elements easily detected in the 1-R through 17-R series were Hg, Cd,
As, Sb, Zn, Ni, Fe, Co, Ag, and Mo.
-------
TABLE 2
QA Analysis Of NBS 1084 SRM
Sample Description ugrams Cr/gram SRM
NBS
SRM
1084
99.281
(100.0
+
3.0)
NBS
SRM
1084
101.15
(100.0
+
3.0)
NBS
SRM
1084
102.14
(100.0
+
3.0)
NBS
SRM
1084
103. 95
(100 . 0
+
3.0)
NBS
SRM
1084
100.77
(100.0
+
3.0)
NBS
SRM
1084
100.76
(100.0
+
3.0)
w
i
o
QA NOTE: The values shown in brackets are the certified or best known values for Chromium
in this NBS Standard Reference Material processed and analyzed together with your
samples.
-------
TABLE 3
QA Analysis Of NDS SRMS
(ugrams element/gram sample)
Sample Description Cr Br Na
NBS SRM 1632-A 32.860 (34.4 + 1.5) 41.691 (41.0 ± 4.0) 816.86 (840.0 ± 40.0)
NBS SRM 1632-A 33.221 (34.4 + 1.5) 41.114 (41.0 + 4.0) 818.64 (840.0 ± 40.0)
NBS SRM 1632 21.130 (20.2 + 0.5) 20.588 (17.7 ± 0.4) 407.05 (380.0 ± 25.0)
NBS SRM 1572 7.952 (8.2 + 1.6) 166.21 (160.0 ± 20.0)
NBS SRM 1566 5081 . 25 (5100 .0 ± 300.0)-
QA NOTE: The values shown in brackets are the certified or best known values for these elements
in these NBS Standard Reference Materials processed and analyzed together with your sam-
ples.
-------
NUCLEAR ENERGY SERVICES
ACTIVATION ANALYSIS REPORT
CLIENT Dr. William G. DeWees
EntroDv Environmentalists, Inc.
Box 12291
Research Triangle Park, N.C. 27709
P. O. No.
Report No.
Date of Report
Phone
03-4336-06
333275-A
8/08/86
781-3550
EXPERIMENTAL PARAMETERS
13 2
18 Hr. Irradiation - 1.5 x 10 n/cm -sec.
Monitored Decay
1000 Sec. Counts On An Ortec 35%, 25%, And 21% GeLi Detectors Coupled
To An ND662 0 Computerized Gamma Detection System
ANALYSIS RESULTS
DATA TABLES ATTACHED
Issued by:
B-62
^Jack N.Weaver
Head, Nuclear Services
LOCATED AT:
^ ct a tc j imwroc itv /d M cm U M n OTCOC/DWnWC- 797.^^47
-------
TABLE 1
NAA Of Trace Elements In Combined Filters And Solutions
(ugrams element/total sample)
Sample Description
Cr
Br
Na
P-18
3.023
+
1.5%
3.628
+
6 .0%
107.011
+
6 .5%
P-19
3.135
+
1.5%
9.517
+
2.4%
1205 . 490
+
1.8%
P-20
4.645
+
1.0%
5.861
+
3.0%
1193.160
+
1. 8%
P-21
3.158
+
1.5%
6 . 358
+
3.0%
799.954
+
2 .8%
P-22
4 . 751
+
1.0%
8.281
+
2.4%
1061.362
+
1.8%
P-23
2 . 984
+
1.5%
4. 802
±
6.0%
756.255
+
2.8%
P-24
3.110
+
1.5%
5.124
+
3.0%
315.795
+
3.5%
P-25
1.165
+
2.4%
5.781
+
3.0%
377.368
+
3.5%
P-26
1.191
+
2.4%
4 .188
+
6.0%
295.488
±
3.5%
P-27
8 .899
+
1.0%
29.999
+
1.3%
248.813
+
4.0%
P-28
1.424
+
2.0%
11.975
+
2.1%
490. 565
+
3.0%
P-29
1. 832
+
1.8%
4 . 552
+
6.0%
492.509
+
3.0%
P- 30
1. 868
+
1.8%
4.018
+
6.0%
556.014
+
3.0%
P- 31
1.734
±
1.8%
5.095
+
3.0%
609.630
+
2.8%
P-32
1.498
±
2 .0%
3.277
+
6.0%
492.013
+
3.0%
P-33
2.463
±
1.5%
0. 348
+
12.0%
4 82.885
+
3.0%
P- 34
4.993
+
1.0%
39.276
+
1.0%
1291.195
+
1.8%
P- 35
0.793
+
3.0%
4 .145
+
6.0%
377 .167
+
3.5%
P-36
0. 938
+
3.0%
4.457
+
6.0%
561.667
+
3.0%
P- 37
2.167
+
1.5%
6.439
+
3.0%
637.276
+
2.8%
-------
TABLE 1 Continued
NAA Of Trace Elements In Combined Filters And Solutions
(ugrams element/total sample)
Sample Description
Cr
Br
Na
P-38
7.045
+
1.0%
23.859
+
1.5%
2537.74
+
1.0%
P-39
1. 325
+
2.0%
4.174
+
6.0%
516.338
+
3.0%
P-40
1.923
+
1.8%
5.331
±
4.0%
723.636
+
2.8%
P-4 1
2. 898
+
1.5%
6 .037
±
3.0%
1119.275
+
1.8%
P-4 2
0.775
+
3.0%
0.942
+
3.0%
75.275
+
8.0%
P-4 3
<0.05
1. 238
+
6 . 9%
91.234
+
7.0%
P-48
0.081
±
15.0%
0.348
+
3. 8%
3. 571
+
15.0%
P-51
0.675
+
3.0%
1.040
+
7.0%
19.667
+
14.0%
P-52
13.923
+
0.7%
86 . 215
+
1.6%
39.747
+
12.0%
P-52-C
<0.05
1.141
+
6. 9%
30.872
+
12.0%
P-53
<0.05
103.09
+
1. 5%
<0.75
P-54
<0.05
165.11
+
1.2%
<0.75
P-1001
*
*
•k
P-1002
1.641
±
1.8%
8. 957
+
2.4%
744.08
±
2.8%
A-01
12.491
±
8.5%
20.198
+
2.9%
149,122.6
±
0.4%
A-0 2
16.514
±
6.7%
13.516
+
2.9%
167,722.6
±
0.3%
A-03
25.843
±
4 . 9%
14 .447
+
4 . 5%
190 , 253. 2
±
0.3%
A-04
14.899
±
7.4%
20.385
+
3.1%
165,298.4
±
0.3%
*NOTE: P-1001 had too much cobalt in the sample for detection of other elements.
-------
TABLE 2
QA SRM Analyses
(ugrams element/gram sample)
Sample
Description
Cr
NBS
SRM 1084
103.51
(100.0
+
3.0)
NBS
SRM 1084
98.407
(100.0
+
3.0)
NBS
SRM 1084
98.362
(100.0
±
3.0)
NBS
SRM 1632
35.406
(34.4
+
1.5)
NBS
SRM 1632
34.128
(34 .4
+
1.5)
Br
Na
NBS SRM 1566
NBS SRM 1566
on NBS SRM 1566
ui
NBS SRM 1566
NBS SRM 1566
NBS Cr Std. Solution
NBS Cr Std. Solution
NBS Cr Std. Solution
100.00 (100 ugrams Cr)
99.990 (100 ugrams Cr)
100.79 (100 ugrams Cr)
41. 237
(41.0
±
4.0)
39.472
(41.0
+
4.0)
52.751
(55.0
+
5.0)
5050.48
(5100.0
+
300.0)
54 . 678
(55.0
+
5.0)
5093.33
(5100.0
+
300.0)
53.573
(55.0
±
5.0)
5050.79
(5100.0
+
300.0)
55.024
(55.0
+
5.0)
5098.57
(5100.0
+
300.0)
55.020
(55.0
+
5.0)
5106.39
(5100.0
+
300.0)
QA NOTE: The values shown in brackets are the certified or best known values for these elements in these
NBS Standard Reference Materials processed and analyzed together with your samples.
-------
APPENDIX C.
SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES
C-l
-------
DRAFT METHOD - 6/19/86 &U) Q*hd ,
' ~t>p Alof- ®«o-h or £,k-
METHOD^)- DIRECT MEASUREMENT GF GAS VELOCITY AND VOLUMETRIC FLOWRATE
UNDER CYCLONIC FLOW CONDITIONS (PROPELLER ANEMOMETER)
1. Applicability and Principle
1.1 Applicability. This method applies to the measurement of gas
velocities in locations where cyclonic flow conditions exist and gas
temperatures range from 0° to 50°C (e.g. cooling tower exhausts).
1.2 Principle. A propeller anemometer is used to measure gas velocity
directly. The area of the stack cross section at the sampling location is used
to calculate volumetric flowrate, and temperature and pressure measurements are
used to correct volumes to standard conditions.
2. Apparatus
Specifications for the apparatus are given below.
2.1 Propeller Anemometer. A vane axial propeller anemometer capable of
measuring gas velocities to within 2 percent. The manufacturer's recommended
range (all-angle) shall be sufficient for the expected minimum flow rates at
the sampling conditions. Temperature, pressure, moisture, corrosive
characteristics, and sampling location are factors necessary to consider in
choosing a suitable propeller anemometer.
2.2 Data Output Device. A digital voltmeter, analog voltmeter, stripchart
recorder, data-logger, or computer capable of displaying propeller anemometer
output to within 1 percent and at a minimum frequency of 1 reading per minute.
2.3 Temperature Gauge. Same as Method 2, Section 2.3 for volume
correction to standard conditions.
2.4 Barometer. Same as Method 2, Section 2.5 for volume correction to
standard conditions.
2.5 Calibration Equipment.
2.5.1 Synchronous Motor. A variable speed synchronous motor capable of
providing a known constant rotational speed to the input shaft of the propeller
anemometer for purposes of comparing and adjusting the output signal to known
values.
2.5-2 Bearing Torque Disc. A variable torque applicator capable of
applying a range of torques to the input shaft of the propeller anemometer from
0 to the manufacturer's recommended "poor performance" criterion.
C-3
-------
2.5-3 Wind Tunnel. A wind tunnel capable of providing stable velocities
over the expected range of velocities to be measured. Air flow should be fully
developed turbulent flow in the axial direction only. Means shall be available
to quantify ambient temperature and pressure for correction to standard
conditions. Means shall also be available to rotate the propeller anemometer,
within the wind tunnel, through 180° (+90° of the centerline) and note the
angle of rotation in 10° increments.
2.5-4 Calibration Pitot Tube. Same as Method 2, Section 2.7 for
determination of wind tunnel velocities tc within 1 percent.
2.5-5 Differential Pressure Gauge for Calibration Pitot Tube. Same as
Method 2, Section 2.8 for use with the standard pitot tube during wind tunnel
velocity determinations.
3 - Procedure
3.1 Proper Mounting of Propeller Anemometer. Attach the propeller
anemometer to a suitable device (probe, rail, rod, etc.) to facililtate
traversing the stack/duct cross-section. Ensure that all flow obstructions
created by (1) the sampling support equipment (rail, etc.) are a minimum of 2
propeller diameters downstream of the propeller and (2) the sampling equipment
(nozzles) are a minimum of 2 inches upstream of the propeller and have a
maximum obstructive area (projected area) 10% the size of the propeller's area
of rotation. Ensure that the propeller anemometer is properly aligned with the
centerline of the stack/duct and stably mounted (vibration and subsequent
misalignment will create serious errors in the velocity and volumetric flow
rate results). Connect electrical connections for velocity data recording as
shown in Figure
3.2 Cross Sectional Area. Determine the stack/duct dimensions at the
sampling location. Include the total area (at the sampling location) without
regard to the velocity in the stack.
3-3 Zero Output System. Zero all recording devices by carefully bringing
the propeller anemometer to a stand-still. Record ambient temperature and
pressure data and note time and date as shown in the example data sheet
Figure-2.
3.A Determination of Gas Velocity. Measure the gas velocity and
temperature at the traverse points specified by Method £T or other applicable
method. (Note: Due to the size of most propellers, traverse points within 10
cm of a side-wall will be unmeasureable.) Alternatively, based on the
preliminary traverse or the previous measurement, the stack temperature may be
C-4
-------
X = 2" Minimum Dimension
Y = 2 Propeller Diameters Minimum Dimension
FigureiM-1. Propeller Anemometer Positioning and Mounting in Cooling Tower Fan Stack.
-------
FIGURE "?fc-2. EXAMPLE VELOCITY AND VOLUMETRIC FLOWRATE DATA SHEET
Plant/Location
Date Run
Operators Time (start/finish)
Stack/duct dimensions m (in.)
2 2
Cross sectional area m (in. )
Anemometer ID no. Calibration Date
Anemometer electromechanical ratio
Anemometer axial/rotational velocity ratio
Ambient Temperature °C (°F) Barometric Pressure mm Hg (in. Hg)
Traverse
Stack/Duct Temp.
Anemometer Output
Gas Velocity
point no.
tg. °C (°F)
Ts. °K (°R)
V , mV
a
v , rpm
r
v , m/s (A/s)
C-6
-------
measured at a single point if the gas temperatures at all points were within
5°F of the average temperature.
4. Calibration
4.1 Propeller Anemometer. The propeller anemometer shall be calibrated
before its initial use in the field. Both electro/mechanical and performance
parameters shall be checked during calibration according to the procedures
supplied by the manufacturer. Calibration procedures in 4.1.1, 4.1.2 and 4.1.3
shall be conducted before the initial field use. Calibration procedures in
4.1.3 shall be conducted for each propeller in use and whenever the structural
integrity of a propeller or shaft/generator housing is in question.
4.1.1 Generator Output Test. To assess the integrity of the electrical
output, a variable speed synchronous motor to rotate the propeller anemometer
input shaft at known rotational velocities will be required. A minimum of two
speeds shall be used to check the electrical output of each shaft/generator
housing. The two speeds chosen shall fall on either side of the expected shaft
velocities under field use.
Couple the synchronous motor to the anemometer input shaft according to the
manufacturer's specifications (to ensure no slippage occurs). Attach an output
device to the anemometer electrical outputs and start motor. Obtain the first
rotational test speed and record the anemometer output in either mV DC or rpm.
Obtain the second rotational test speed and record the anemometer output.
Continue with additional rotational test speeds if applicable. Repeat each
test speed in order to obtain a total of three output readings for each speed.
Average the three output readings from each rotational test speed applied
and compare these results with the manufacturer's specifications (e.g., linear
rpm/mV ratio). Results should compare with specifications to within 2 percent.
4.1.2 Bearing Torque Test. To assess the integrity of the mechanical
bearings supporting the input shaft, a bearing torque test shall be conducted.
Attach to the anemometer input shaft a torque applicator (e.g., bearing torque
disc) which will apply a range of known, repeatable torques beyond the
manufacturer's "poor performance" criterion. Starting with a 0.1 gm-cm torque,
continually increase the applied torque in 0.1 gm-cm increments until the shaft
begins to turn. Record the applied torque required to create shaft rotation
and repeat two times. Results from all three tests should be below the
manufacturer's specification for "poor performance." Conduct this check after
the non-axial flow calibration to document the torque required during the
calibration.
C-7
-------
4.1.3 Non-Axial Flow Test. Assess the representativeness-of
manufacturer's angular flow calibration curve by conducting a wind tunnel test
on each propeller in use and generating a percent response-vs-wind angle curve
for comparison. Attach the propeller anemometer to the wind tunnel to allow a
full 180° rotation (+90° from the center line) within the tunnel. Connect all
other apparatus to display/record anemometer outputs.
With the wind tunnel operating at 15 to 25 fps, determine the velocity at
the propeller location using a standard pitot, differential pressure gauge,
barometric pressure and temperature. Starting with the propeller anemometer
oriented into the direction of flow (0°) rotate and record the output readings
at 10° increments from 0° to + 90° and 0° to - 90°. Plot these results on a
percent response-vs-wmd angle graph and compare to the manufacturer's
specifications. Differences should be within 3 percent at each point for the
100^ axial flow response. Using the 100% axial flow response compute a
velocity result and compare it to the velocity results measured using the
standard pitot probe. This difference should be within 3 percent of the pitot
probe results at 0°. Repeat this test at a velocity of 25 to 40 fps; compute
the percent deviations as above.
Note: If the results of the propeller anemometer initial calibration tests
are not within the required specifications, then either corrective maintenance
should be implemented to correct the deficiencies or the equipment in question
should be considered unsatisfactory and replaced.
4.1.4 Field Use and Recalibration.
4.1.4.1 Field Use. When the propeller anemometer is used in the field,
the manufacturer's electromechanical ratio and axial/rotational velocity ratio
shall be used to perform the velocity calculations.
4.1.4.2 Recalibration. After each test run, both a bearing torque check
and a generator output test shall be conducted. If the bearing torque check is
more than twice the torque recorded after calibration or is in the range of
"poor performance" as described by the manufacturer, the anemometer must be
repaired or replaced and the run repeated. The generator output test results
must be within 5 percent of the predicted value or the system must be repaired
or replaced and the run repeated. Alternatively the tester may opt to conduct
both checks at the conclusion of all runs. However, if both criteria are not
met, all runs must be repeated.
If both checks meet the above criteria and a visual inspection of the
propeller shows no apparent changes, no additional calibrations must be
conducted. Whenever the propeller anemometer fails to meet either of the
C-8
-------
above requirements or the propeller becomes damaged, a complete recalibration
as described in 4.1.1, 4.1.2 and 4.1.3 must be conducted.
4.2 Temperature Gauge. After each test series, check the temperature
gauge at ambient temperature. Use an American Society for Testing and
Materials (ASTM) mercury-in-glass reference thermometer, or equivalent, as a
reference. If the gauge being checked does not agree within 2 percent
(absolute temperature) of the reference, the temperature data collected in the
field shall be considered invalid or adjustments of the test results shall be
made, subject to the approval of the Administrator.
4.3 Barometer. Calibrate the barometer used against a mercury barometer
prior to the field test as described in Method 2.
5. Calculations
Carry out the calculations, retaining at least one extra decimal figure
beyond that of the acquired data. Round off figures after the final
calculation.
5-1 Nomenclature.
2
A = Stack cross-sectional area, m .
s
C = Constant, anemometer manufacturer's electromechanical ratio,
e
rpm/mV.
C^ = Constant, anemometer manufacturer's axial/rotational velocity
ratio, cm/rev.
^bar = ®arome^r^-c pressure, mm Hg.
= Average static pressure, mm Hg.
Q = Volumetric flow rate at standard conditions (20°C and
5 3
760 mm Hg), m /min.
Tg = Absolute stack temperature, °K.
t = Stack temperature, °C.
s
V = Anemometer voltage output, mV.
6
v^ = Rotational velocity, anemometer output, rpm.
vg = Stack gas velocity, m/sec.
5-2 Velocity.
v = C V
r e a
v = C v /100 (Eq. PA--2)
s r r —
= C C V /100
r e a
(Eq. n -1)
C-9
-------
5-3 Volumetric Flow Rate.
Qs = As- vs (Eq'
= 60 A C C V /100
s r e a
6. Bibliography
1. Gill, G.C., H.W. Carson, and R.M. Holmes. A Propeller-Type Vertical
Anemometer. J. Applied Meteorology, December 196A.
2. Gill, G.C. The Helicoid Anemometer. Atmosphere, Vol. 11, No. 1973•
C-10
-------
DRAFT METHOD - 6/19/86 OmJu
METHOD r"- DETERMINATION OF CHROMIUM EMISSIONS
FROM COOLING TOWERS
1. Applicability and Principle
1.1 Applicability. This method applies to the determination of hexa-
valent chromium (Cr+^) and total chromium emissions from cooling towers. - The
drift mass rate can be estimated from the chromium mass emission rate using
the concentration of chromium in the cooling water, if the assumption is made
that the concentration of chromium in the cooling water is the same as that
in the drift. The use of bromide as a surrogate for measuring emissions from
cooling towers with low concentrations of chromium is also presented.
1.2 Principle. Chromium emissions are collected from'the exit of the
cooling tower cell(s) using an impinger train for sample collection and the
propeller anemometer for velocity measurement. The impinger train is the
same design as described in EPA Method 13 with the exception that the filter
«
is made of Teflon™ and a propeller anemometer is used in place of the pitot
tube. The collected samples are analyzed by Neutron Activation Analysis
(NAA) (Citations 1, 2, and 3 of Bibliography).
2. Range, Sensitivity. Precision, and Interferences
2.1 Range. For a minimum analytical accuracy of +_ 15 percent, the lower
limit of the range is 0.05 ug total sample catch for chromium and 0.005 ug
for bromide. This accuracy can only be obtained when the NAA laboratory is
told that the sample concentration is extremely low so that a long irradia-
tion time can be used (i.e., 24 hours). The upper limit is controlled by
both the irradiation time and distance of the sample from the radiation
source, and therefore, there is no upper limit.
2.2 Sensitivity. A minimum detection limit of 0.05 ug of Cr or 0.005 ug
of Br should be observed.
2.3 Precision. The overall precision of the sample collection and
analysis for a tower containing 4 ppm of Cr+^ (4 ug/ml) in the cooling water
and emitting 0.001 percent drift is about 35 percent with a 95 percent
confidence interval. The bromide mass emissions could be one tenth of the '
chromium concentration above and meet a similar precision. A higher chromium
content and/or a higher drift rate should improve the precision. No
precision measurements have been made for towers emitting less chromium.
* Mention of trade names or specific products does not constitute endorsement
by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency.
C-ll
-------
When less chromium is expected, sampling times should be increased to collect
the minimum amount of chromium (0.05 ug) , or bromide should be added to the
cooling water and measured as a surrogate compound.
2.4 Interference. Sodium can interfere with the measurement of chromium
by NAA. Since sodium has a short half-life, the sodium interference can be
minimized by allowing the samples to radiate for approximately 14 days prior
to analysis. In studies conducted by EPA, approximately 100 ppm of sodium in
cooling water did not effect the analytical accuracy. No interferences are
reported for the analysis of bromide by NAA.
3.0 Apparatus
3.1 Sampling Train. A schematic of the sampling train used in this
method is shown in Figure Cf-1. Commercial models of this train are
available.
The operating and maintenance procedures for the sampling train are
described in APTD-0576 (Citation 3 in the Bibliography). Since correct usage
is important in obtaining valid results, all users should read APTD-0576 and
adopt the operating and maintenance procedures outlined in it, unless
otherwise specified herein. The sampling train consists of the.following
components:
3-1.1 Probe Nozzle. Stainless steel (316) or glass with sharp, tapered
leading edge. The angle of taper shall be <30° and the taper shall be on the
outside to preserve a constant internal diameter. The probe nozzle shall be
of the button-hook or elbow design, unless otherwise specified by the
Administrator. If made of stainless steel, the nozzle shall be constructed
from seamless tubing; other materials of construction may be used, subject to
the approval of the Administrator.
A range of nozzle sizes suitable for isokinetic sampling should be
available, e.g., 0-32 to 1.27 cm (1/8 to 1/2 in.)—or larger if higher volume
sampling trains are used—inside diameter (ID) nozzles in increments of 0.16
cm (1/16 in.). Each nozzle shall be calibrated according to the procedures
outlined in Section 6.
3.1.2 Probe Liner. Borosilicate or quartz glass tubing with a heating
system capable of maintaining a gas temperature at the exit end during
sampling of 120 + l4°C (248 * 25°F), or such other temperature as specified by
an applicable subpart of the standards or approved by the Administrator for a
particular application. (The tester may opt to operate the equipment at a
temperature lower than that specified.) Since the actual temperature at the
outlet of the probe is not usually monitored during sampling, probes
C-12
-------
Temperature
Indicator
Yoltage Meter
Propeller
Anemometer
-2"- 4"
1.9-25 cm
Probe
Thermocouple
Heated Prooe
Nozzle
Thermocouple (behind)
Filter Holder
With Teflon
Filter
Thermometer
©
Calibrated Orifice —T
Thermometers
©
Flow Control Valves—7
/ Vacuum
F™ / Gauge
X Coarse
(—
, ©,
;
Dry Gas
Meter
Inclined Manometer
FigureSampling Train for Measuring Cooling Tower Emissions.
C-13
-------
constructed according to ATPD-O58I (Citation 5 of Bibliography) and utilizing
the calibration curves of APTD-0576 (or calibrated according to the procedure
outlined in APTD-0576) will be considered acceptable.
In potentially explosive atmospheres, the probe shall not be heated. A
cyclone or equivalent should be used to collect the condensed water and drift.
Whenever practical, every effort should be made to use borosilicate or
quartz glass probe liners. Metal liners (e.g., 316 stainless) which contain
chromium are not allowed.
3.1.3 Propeller Anemometer. A propeller anemometer as described in
Section 2.1 of Method pfr- , or other device approved by the Administrator. The
propeller anemometer shall be attached to the sampling train (as shown in
Figure fn -1) to allow constant monitoring of the stack gas velocity. The
center of the propeller anemometer shall be placed 2 to 4 inches directly above
the nozzle and aligned with the nozzle opening. The propeller anemometer shall
have known electromechanical and axial/rotational velocity ratios which have
been verified during calibration (see Section 4 of Method ^A_).
3-1.4 Data Output Device. A digital or analog millivolt meter, stripchart
recorder, data-logger, or computer as described in Section 2.2 of Method PA .
This output device shall be used for the measurement of the voltage output from
the propeller anemometer.
3.1.5 Impingers. Four impingers connected as shown in Figure C-T^l with
ground-glass (or equivalent), vacuum-tight fittings. For the third and fourth
impingers, use the Greenburg-Smith design, modified by replacing the tip with a
1.3 cm inside diameter (1/2 in.) glass tube extending to 1.3 cm (1/2 in.) from
the bottom of the flask. For the second impinger, use a Greenburg-Smith
impinger with the standard tip. The tester may use modifications (e.g.,
flexible connections between the impingers or materials other than glass),
subject to the approval of the Administrator. Place a thermometer, capable of
measuring temperature to within 1°C (2°F), at the outlet of the fourth impinger
for monitoring purposes.
3.1.6 Filter Holder. Borosilicate glass, with a glass frit filter support
and a silicone rubber gasket. Other materials of construction (e.g.. Teflon™,
Viton) may be used, subject to the approval of the Administrator. The holder
design shall provide a positive seal against leakage from the outside or around
the filter. The holder shall be attached between the third and fourth impinger.
3.1.7 Metering System. Vacuum gauge, leak-free pump, thermometers capable
of measuring temperature to within 3°C (5.4°F), dry gas meter capable of
C-14
-------
measuring volume to within 2 percent, and related equipment, as shown in
Figure tf-1. Other metering systems capable of maintaining sampling rates '
within 10 percent of isokinetic and of determining sample volumes to within 2
percent may be used, subject to the approval of the Administrator. When the
metering system is used in conjunction with a propeller anemometer, the
system shall enable checks of isokinetic rates.
Sampling trains utilizing metering systems designed for higher flow rates
than that described in APTD-0581 or APTD-057& may be used provided that the
specifications of this method are met.
3-1.8 Barometer. Mercury, aneroid, or other barometer capable of
measuring atmospheric pressure to within 2.5 mm (0.1 in.) Hg. In many cases,
the barometric reading may be obtained from a nearby national weather service
station, in which case the station value (which is absolute barometric
pressure) shall be requested and an adjustment for elevation differences
between the weather station and sampling point shall be applied at a rate of
minus 2.5 mm (0.1 in.) Hg per 30 m (100 ft) elevation increase or vice versa
for elevation decrease.
3.1.9 Flue Gas Temperature. A temperature sensor as described in
Section 2.3 of Method ?A- . The temperature sensor shall be attached to the
sampling probe in a configuration such that the tip of the sensor extends
beyond the leading edge of the probe sheath, does not touch any metal, and is
in an interference-free arrangement with the nozzle. As an alternative (as
described in Method Pi- ), if all points are within 5°F of the average stack
temperature, the temperature of the stack may be determined at a single
point.
3.1.10 Cooling Water Sample Bottle. A glass or polyethylene bottle 25
ml or greater is required to collect a cooling water sample during each run.
3.1.11 Equipment for Sampling in Potentially Explosive Areas. Class I
Division 1 Locations: Currently available equipment cannot be readily
modified for use in Class I Division 1 locations.
Class I Division 2 Locations: Two gas monitors are required to continu-
ously monitor the atmosphere both at the cooling tower discharge point and
the area around the meter box. The gas monitors must be of the continuous
type (LEL meters or similar devices) and equipped with an alarm that indi-
cates when 40 percent of the lower explosive limit (LEL) has been reached.
The meter box must be equipped with an explosion-proof switch to shutdown all
power to the box in case of an emergency. The electrical cord running to the
meter box must be SO-type line and must be equipped with an explosion-proof
plug.
C-15
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3.2 Sample Recovery. The following items are needed:
3-2.1 Probe-Liner and Probe-Nozzle Brushes. Nylon bristle brushes with
a handle (at least as long as the probe) of Nylon, Teflon™, or a similar
material which does not contain chromium. The brushes shall be properly
sized and shaped to brush out the probe liner and nozzle.
3.2.2 Wash Bottles—Two. Glass wash bottles are recommended;
polyetheylene wash bottles may be used at the option of the tester.
3.2.3 Glass Sample Storage Containers. Chemically resistant, boro-
silicate glass bottles, for water washes, 500-ml or 1000-ml. Screw cap
liners shall either be rubber-backed Teflon™ or shall be constructed so as to
be leak-free. (Narrow mouth glass bottles have been found to be less prone
to leakage.) Alternatively, polyethylene bottles may be used.
3.2.^1 Graduated Cylinder and/or Balance. To measure condensed water to
within 1 ml or 1 g. Graduated cylinders shall have subdivisions no greater
than 2 ml. Most laboratory balances are capable of weighing to the nearest
0.5 g or less. Any of these balances is suitable for use here and in
Section ^10,2- .
3.2.5 Plastic Storage Containers. Air-tight containers to store silica
gel.
3-2.6 Funnel and Rubber Policeman. To aid in transfer of silica gel to
container; not necessary if silica gel is weighed in the field.
3.2.7 Funnel. Glass or polyethylene, to aid in sample recovery.
3.3 Sample Preparation for Analysis. The entire aqueous sample must be
concentrated to a volume such that the concentrated sample, transfer rinse,
and Teflon™filter may be placed into a vial suitable for NAA analysis. The
largest suitable vial is typically 30 ml. The laboratory conducting the NAA
analysis should be contacted and the proper screw-type vials obtained prior
to sample concentration. The sample concentration step may be conducted by
the NAA laboratory. A suitable screw-type vial is the 30-ml Nalgene™ Oak
Ridge Polyallomer centrifuge tube with special seal screw cap which can be
obtained from Fisher Scientific, Catalog No. 05-563~10E. A Securline™ Lab
Marker (Precision Dynamics Corporation) or any other indelible marker that
will not cause interference during analysis shall be used to mark the vials.
3.4 Analysis. The analysis is to be conducted by Neutron Activation
Analysis (NAA). Since the number of available NAA facilities is small, no
analytical equipment specifications are listed. The accuracy of the NAA
results are assessed with a performance audit sample.
C-16
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4. Reagents
Unless otherwise indicated, all reagents must conform to the speci-
fications established by the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American
Chemical Society. Where such specifications are not available, use the best
available grade.
4.1 Sampling. The reagents used in sampling are as follows:
4.1.1 Water. Since approximately 300 to 400 ml of distilled water is
used as the impinger reagents and for sample cleanup, significant levels of
chromium (or bromide) must not be present in the water. Water blanks may
need to be run prior to sampling to ensure that the chromium content is less
than 0.1 part per billion (0.1 ug per liter). This can be accomplished by
concentrating one liter of the water and analyzing by NAA. If the field
sample analysis for bromide is to be conducted by NAA, the water must contain
less than 0.01 parts per billion (0.01 ug per liter).
4.1.2 Filters. Teflon™ or equivalent filters with 0.5 micron or smaller
pore size. The filter must have a chromium blank value of less than 0.005 ug
chromium per filter (or 0.0005 ug bromide, if bromide is the analyte). Many
glass fiber filters exceed these limits for chromium and should not be used.
4.2 Sample Recovery. The reagents used in sample recovery are as
follows:
4.2.1 Water. Since approximately 300 to 400 ml of distilled water is
used as the impinger reagents and for sample cleanup, significant levels of
chromium (or bromide) must not be present in the water. (See 4.1.1 for
further information.)
4.3 Sample Analysis. The following is needed for sample analysis:
4.3.1 Performance Audit Sample. A performance audit sample shall be
obtained from the Quality Assurance Division of EPA and analyzed with the
field samples. The mailing address to request the samples is:
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Environmental Monitoring System
Quality Assurance Division
Source Branch, Mail Drop 77~A
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711
5. Procedure
5.1 Sampling. The complexity of this method is such that to obtain
reliable results, testers should be trained and experienced with the test
procedures.
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5.1.1 Pretest Preparation. All the components shall be maintained and
calibrated according to the procedure described in APTD-0576, unless
otherwise specified herein.
Weigh several 200- to 300-g portions of silica gel in air-tight
containers to the nearest 0.5 g. Record the total weight of the silica gel
plus container, on each container. As an alternative, the silica gel need
not be preweighed, but may be weighed directly in its impinger or sampling
holder just prior to train assembly.
Check filter visually against light for irregularities and flaws or
pinhole leaks. Label filters of the proper diameter on the back side near
the edge using numbering machine ink. Alternatively, the filter holder, or
other means of tracking the filter to ensure that the filter is recovered
with the proper sample, may be used. The filters are not preweighed since
the analysis is a chemical determination.
5.2 Determination of Measurement Site. Due to the configuration of
cooling towers, Method 1 cannot be used to determine measurement sites.
Following are several alternatives for determining measurement sites for
cooling towers.
5.2.1 Selection of Number of Fan Cells to be Tested. For towers with
three or less cells, all cells shall be tested. For towers with 4 or 5
cells, at least 3 cells shall be tested. For towers with 6 or more fan
cells, a minimum of half of the cells shall be tested.
5.2.2 Criteria for Selecting Cells and Traverse Direction. The
following criteria must be met:
(a) Every run must consist of two traverses.
(b) Every equal area cell must be represented by at least two runs.
(c) A single traverse direction may be used for all towers containing
more than one cell.
(d) Based on the prevailing winds, the extreme inward and outward cells
are initially identified and selected for sampling.
(e) After identifying the extreme inward and outward cells, the
remaining cells to be sampled (sufficient to equal required minimum)
are selected at random.
(f) The mass emission rate for the tower is the sum of the averages for
each of the equal area cells.
(g) The traverse direction at the stack exit may be selected by the
tester.
(h) The order for sampling the cells may be selected by the tester.
(i) All runs must be consecutive; none may be conducted simultaneously.
(j) When a tower contains two distinctly different types of mist
eliminators, the cells with different mist eliminators must be
considered in the same manner as if the cells have different areas.
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The following six examples are given to better define the approach for
selecting the cells to be sampled. Circles represent fan cells, the small,
rectangles show the recommended location for scaffolding, and the dotted
lines indicate traverse directions. Cells on towers with multiple fan cells
are selected in pairs to reduce the amount of scaffolding needed to conduct
the testing. The order of the sample runs and traverses presented are only
examples and the order is left to the tester.
e Three runs will be conducted with a traverse in both directions.
© The Mass Emission Rate is the average of the three runs.
EXAMPLE 2
EXAMPLE 1
Traverse
Runs (TR)
1,2,3
Prevailing wind
direction is not
used to select the
traverse direction;
tester may select
the most convenient
directions at 90 apart.
TR 1,2,3
TR 1,1,3
TR 2,2,3
Prevailing wind
direction is not
used in the
selection of
cells; the tester
may select the
most convenient
traverse direc-
tions .
C-19
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e For Runs 1 and 2 each cell is traversed twice; for Run 3 both cells
are traversed once,
o The Mass Emission Rate would be the average of the three runs
multiplied by two.
EXAMPLE 3
TR 3,3
TR 2,2
Prevailing
Wind
c Cells 1 and 3 will be tested based on the prevailing winds,
c A coin toss selects Cell 4.
c Each cell is traversed twice.
c The Mass Emission Rate is the average of the three runs calculated
using the combined area of all four cells.
EXAMPLE 4
©
©
TR 1
TR 1
TR 2
TR 2
Prevailing
Wind
TR 4,4
TR 3 TR 3
©
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o Cells 1 & 3. and 12 & 14 are selected based on the prevailing winds,
which eliminates for selection their representative equal area cell
pairs of U 2 and 13 & 11, respectively,
c Cells 5 & 7, 6 & 8, 7 & 9. and 8 &. 10 are available for selection,
c Cells 6 & 8 are selected by a random drawing which eliminates their
equal area cell pair 7 & 5-
c Therefore, Cell 9 is traversed twice, since it is not yet
represented by another equal area cell.
e Run 1 is a traverse of Cells 12 and lA; Run 2 is a traverse of Cells
6 and 8; Run 3 is a traverse of Cells 1 and 3; and Run 4 is two
traverses of Cell 9-
c The Mass Emission Rate is the average of Runs 1, 2, and 3 calculated
using the area of the twelve cells that they represent plus Run 4,
using the area of the two cells it represents.
EXAMPLE 5
Cells 2, 3. and 5 have the same area.
Cell 1 is much larger, but is located on the same tower.
o Cells 2 and 5 are selected based on the prevailing winds.
fc Cell 3 was selected by a flip of a coin,
c. Cell 1 must be represented by two runs.
c Cells 2, 3. and 5 are traversed twice for Runs 1, 2, and 3,
respectively.
o Cell 1 is traversed two times each for Runs 4 and 5.
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© The-Mass Emission Rate is the average of Runs 1, 2, and 3 calculated
using the area of Cells 2, 3. and 5 plus the average of Runs 4
and 5 using the area of Cell 1.
EXAMPLE 6
c Cells 1 &. 10 and 5 & 6 were selected based on the prevailing winds,
c Cells 2&3. 3&4, 7 & 8, and 8 & 9 are available for selection.
Cells 8 and 9 were selected by random drawing,
c Cell 11 will be traversed twice because it has no other
representative cell,
c Run 1 will traverse Cells 1 and 2.
c Run 2 will traverse Cells 5 and 6.
c Run 3 will traverse Cells 8 and 9-
e Run 4 will traverse Cell 11 twice.
c The Mass Emission Rate is the average of Runs 1, 2, and 3 calculated
using the area of the 10 cells traversed plus the average of Run 4
calculated using the area of Cell 11.
5.2.3 Criteria for Selecting Traverse Points. The following criteria
must be met:
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(a) The traverse line may be located in any plane near the exit of the
cell. The tester may alternatively select any plane that is not
affected by the wind to a greater degree than the cell exit plane
(i.e., for a large cells—an access door in the cell stack or a
point 2 feet above the cell on a calm day).
(b) Twelve points shall be sampled on each traverse for a minimum of 5
minutes per point. The points shall be located on the traverse line
at the percentage of the diameter as shown below:
Point 1 - 2.1% Point 2 - 6.7# Point 3 -11.8*
Point 4 -11.1% Point 5 - 25.0# Point 6 - 35-6#
Point 7 - 63.4# Point 8 - 15-0% Point 9 - 82.3#
Point 10 - 88.2# Point 11 - 93-3# Point 12 - 31.3%
(c) No point shall be closer than 9 inches from the wall. All points
that are calculated at less than 9 inches from the wall shall be
relocated at 9 inches .from the wall.
5-3 Preliminary Determinations. Select the cells and the sampling
points as described in Section 5-2. Determine the stack pressure,
temperature and the range of velocities using Method P/V . Determine the
moisture content with a wet and dry bulb thermometer, or assume saturation at
the stack temperature and calculate the moisture.
Select a nozzle based on the range of velocities, such that it is not
necessary to change the nozzle size in order to maintain isokinetic sampling
rates. During the run, do not change the nozzle size.
Select a total sampling time greater than or equal to the minimum total
sampling time based on 5 minutes per point and 2 hours per run.
The sampling time at each point shall be the same. It is recommended
that the number of minutes sampled at each point be an integer or an integer
plus one-half minute, in order to avoid timekeeping errors.
5-4 Preparation of Collection Train. During preparation and assembly of
the sampling train, keep all openings where contamination can occur covered
until just prior to assembly or until sampling is about to begin.
Place 100 ml of deionized distilled water in each of the first two
impingers, leave the third impinger empty, and transfer approximately 200 to
300 g of preweighed silica gel from its container to the fourth impinger.
More silica gel may be used, but care should be taken to ensure that it is
not entrained and carried out from the impinger during sampling. Place the
container in a clean place for later use in the sample recovery.
Alternatively, the weight of the silica gel plus impinger may be determined
to the nearest 0.5 g and recorded.
C-23
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Using a tweezer or clean disposable gloves, place a labeled (identified)
filter in the filter holder. Be sure that the filter is properly centered
and the gasket properly placed so as to prevent the sample gas stream from
circumventing the filter. Check the filter for tears after assembly is
completed.
A glass liner or equivalent must be used. Install the selected nozzle
using a Viton A O-ring or Teflon™ ferrules. Mark the traverse monorail or
other system to denote the proper distance in the exit plane of the cells for
each traverse run with equal diameter cells.
Set up the train as in Figure £f*-l, using (if necessary) a very light
coat of silicone grease on all ground glass joints, greasing only the outer
portion (see APTD-0576) to avoid possibility of contamination by the silicone
grease.
Place crushed ice around the impingers.
5.4.1 Leak-Check Procedure.
5.4.1.1 Pretest Leak-Check. A pretest leak-check is recommended, but
¦not required. If the tester opts to conduct the pretest leak-check, the
following procedure shall be used.
After the sampling train has been assembled, leak-check the train at the
sampling site by plugging the nozzle and pulling a 380 mm (15 in.) Hg vacuum.
Note: A lower vacuum may be used, provided that it is not exceeded during
the test.
The following leak-check instructions for the sampling train described in
APTD-0576 and ATPD-O58I may be helpful. Start the pump with bypass valve
fully open and coarse adjust valve completely closed. Partially open the
coarse adjust valve, and slowly close the bypass valve until the desired
vacuum is reached. Do not reverse direction of bypass valve; this will cause
water to back up into the probe. If the desired vacuum is exceeded, either
leak-check at this higher vacuum or end the leak-check as shown below, and
start over.
When the leak-check is completed, first slowly remove the plug from the
inlet to the nozzle, and immediately turn off the vacuum pump. This prevents
the water in the impingers from being forced backward into the probe and
silica gel from being entrained backward into the filter holder.
5.4.1.2 Leak-Checks During Sample Run. If, during the sampling run, a
component (e.g., filter assembly or impinger) change becomes necessary, a
leak-check shall be conducted immediately before the change is made. The
C-24
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leak-check shall be done according to the procedure outlined in Section
5.4.1.1 above, except that it shall be done at a vacuum equal to or greater
than the maximum value recorded up to that point in the test. If the leakage
rate is found to be no greater than 0.00057 m /min (0.02 cfm) or 4 percent of
the average sampling rate (whichever is less), the results are acceptable,
and no correction will need to be applied to the total volume of dry gas
metered; if, however, a higher leakage rate is obtained, the tester shall
either record the leakage rate and plan to correct the sample volume as shown
in Section 7.3 of this method, or shall void the sample run.
Immediately after component changes, leak-checks are optional; if such
leak-checks are done, the procedure outlined in Section 5*4.1.1 above shall
be used.
5.4.1.3 Post-Test Leak-Check. A leak-check is mandatory at the
conclusion of each sampling run. The leak-check shall be done in accordance
with the procedures outlined in Section 5-4.1.1, except that it shall be
conducted at a vacuum equal to or greater than the maximum value reached
during the sampling run. If the leakage rate is found to be no greater than
0.00057 m /min (0.02 cfm) or 4 percent of the average sampling rate
(whichever is less), the results are acceptable, and no correction need be
applied to the total volume of dry gas metered. If, however, a higher
leakage rate is obtained, the tester shall either record the leakage rate and
correct the sample volume as shown in Section 7*3 of this method, or shall
void the sampling run.
5.4.2 Sampling in Class I Division 2 Locations. The following proce-
dures must be conducted in addition to all plant safety requirements. Plant
regulations take precedent over any requirements stated below. The following
steps must be taken to allow testing at cooling towers in a Class I Division
2 area (as classified in accordance with API RP 500A):
(1) The plant safety officer must first monitor the area and deem it safe.
(2) Proper personnel safety equipment must be obtained and properly
utilized during the test.
(3) A gas monitor (LEL or similar device) must be used to continuously
monitor the atmosphere both at the cooling tower discharge and in the
area around the meter box. The gas monitor must have an alarm that is
set to indicate when 40# of the lower explosive limit (LEL) is
obtained in either area.
C-25
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(4) The sample collection equipment in the cooling tower discharge stream
must not contain any electrical components with the exception of the
generator in the propeller anemometer which generates less than one
millivolt.
(5) The electrical cord running to the meter box must be a SO-type line
and must be equipped with an explosion-proof plug.
(6) The meter box must be equipped with an explosion-proof switch to
shutdown all power in case of an emergency.
(7) All power to the meter box must be shutdown using the explosion-proof
switch any time the alarm sounds on the LEL meter or the plant alarm
sounds.
(8) The testers must evacuate the area of the cooling tower if the LEL
alarm sounds and the safety officer must deem the area safe prior to
the return of any testing personnel.
5.4.3 Cooling Tower Operation and Ambient Conditions. Based on
communications with the Cooling Tower Institute (Citation 5 of the
Bibliography), the following guidelines are recommended which relate to tower
operating parameters and ambient environmental conditions during testing:
(1) Ambient Wind Speed: Ideally the average wind speed during the drift
measurement should be less than 5 to 6 miles per hour. More
realistically, the average wind speed, measured in an open and
unobstructed location within 100 feet upwind of the tower at a point 5
feet above basin curb elevation, should not exceed 10 miles per hour.
Wind gusts should not exceed 15 miles per hour and should not exceed 1
minute duration.
(2) Heat Load: Drift measurements may be taken with or without heat load
(on a mechanical draft cooling tower).
(3) Ambient Temperature and Humidity: Drift measurements may be taken at
any non-freezing ambient temperature/humidity condition.
(4) Stability of Test Conditions: Variations in average ambient air
temperatures should not exceed the following limits during the drift
measurement period:
***Wet-bulb temperature - 2°F per hour
***Dry-bulb temperature - 5°F Pei" hour
(5) Water Flow: The drift measurements should be taken at normal
operating waterflow conditions, i.e., design flow + 10%.
C-26
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(6) Water Quality: Drift measurements should not be taken during
temporary upset conditions in water chemistry, i.e., the cycles of
concentration for the circulating water at the time of the drift
measurement should be within a reasonable proximity of normal levels.
(7) Tracer Element Selection; The tracer element used should be unique to
any of the ambient airborne minerals in the environment. The test
procedure should provide for analysis of the ambient air to ensure
this.
5.5 Train Operation. During the sampling run, maintain an isokinetic
sampling rate (within 20 percent of true isokinetic unless otherwise specified
by the Administrator).
For each run, record the data required on a data sheet such as the one
shown in Figure cT-2. Be sure to record the initial dry gas meter reading.
Record the dry gas meter readings at the beginning and end of each sampling
time increment, when changes in flow rates are made, before and after each
leak-check, and when sampling is halted. Take other readings required by
Figure Cf-2 at least once at each sample point during each time increment and
additional readings when significant changes (20 percent variation in velocity
head readings) necessitate additional adjustments in flow rate.
To begin sampling, position the nozzle at the first traverse point with the
tip pointing parallel to the axis of the fan. Immediately start the pump, and
adjust the flow to isokinetic conditions. Standard isokinetic sampling
nomographs are designed for use with a Type "S" pitot and will have to be
modified for use with the propeller anemometer. Isokinetic sampling rate and
calculation programs using the Hewlett-Packard 4l are available from EPA
(Citation 6 of Bibliography). Traverse the cell as required by Method _.
If the pressure drops across the filter becomes too high, making isokinetic
sampling difficult to maintain, the filter may be replaced in the midst of the
sample run. It is recommended that another complete filter assembly be used
rather than attempting to change the filter itself. Before a new filter
assembly is installed, conduct a leak-check (see Section 5-^-1 -1) - The
pollutant catch shall include the summation of all the filter assembly
catches.
At the end of the sample run, turn off the coarse adjust valve, turn off
the pump, remove the probe and nozzle from the stack, record the final dry gas
meter reading, and conduct a post-test leak-check, as outlined in Section
5.4.1.2. Also, conduct a bearing torque check on the propeller anemometer and
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FIGURE Cf~2. CHROMIUM FIELD DATA FORM
Plant
City
Location
Operator
Da te
Run number
Sample box number
Meter box number
Meter All 0
Remarks
Traverse
point
number
Sampllng
time
(0), min
Clock
time,
(24 h)
Vacuum
nTn
(in.) Mg
St ack
tempera-
ture
(V,
°C (°F)
Anemometer
output,
millivolt
or rpm
Velocity,
m/s
(ft/sec)
Pressure
differ-
ential
or1f ice
meter (AH),
mm
(in.) II20
Gas sample
volume (V ),
-i iai
mJ (ftJ)
Gas sample
temp, at dry
gas meter
Temp.
of gas
leaving
condenser
or last
impinger
°C (°F)
Inlet,
°C(°F)
Outlet,
°C(°F)
Total
Max
Avg
Total
Avg
Avg
Max
Meter calibration (Y)
Probe liner material
Probe heater setting
Ambient temperature
Barometric pressure (P^)
Assumed moisture
Statis pressure (Pg)
Anem. electromechanical ratio
Anem. axial/rotational velocity ratio
mm (in. ) II^O
Nozzle identification number
Hozzle diameter mm (in.)
Thermometer number
Final leak rate
m /min (ctm)
mm (In. ) Hg Vacuum during leak check
Bearing torque check
Constant rpm check
Filter number
mm (In.) Hg
-------
a constant rpm check on the electrical system. The torque must not exceed
twice the torque when calibrated. If the torque check does not meet the"
requirements, clean and/or replace the propeller anemometer and repeat the
run. Alternatively, the torque check may be conducted after the last run. If
it does not pass, all runs must be repeated. The constant rpm check of the
electrical system must be within 5 percent of the calibration value. If the
system does not meet the requirements repair or replace the system and void
the run. Alternatively, the check may be conducted after the last run. If it
does not pass, all runs must be repeated.
5.6 Calculation of Percent Isokinetic. Calculate percent isokinetic (see
Calculations, Section 7) to determine whether the run was valid or another
test run should be made (80 to 120# isokinetic). If there was difficulty in
maintaining isokinetic rates due to source conditions, consult with the
Administrator for possible variance on the isokinetic rates.
5.7 Collection of Cooling Water Sample. A cooling water sample shall be
collected during each run. The sample should be collected once during each
run using a glass or polyethylene bottle from a location that would be
representative of water entering the cooling tower. Alternatively, the tester
may assume that all the chromium in the tower is in the hexavalent state and,
therefore, need not collect cooling water samples to correct the data for
non-hexavalent chromium. This assumption can only be made for chromium mass
emission measurements. The concentration of chromium must be determined to
calculate the drift rate.
5.8 Sample Recovery. Begin proper cleanup procedure as soon as the probe
is removed from the stack at the end of the sampling period. Wipe off all
external matter near the tip of the probe nozzle and place a cap over it to
keep from losing part of the sample.
Before moving the sample train to the cleanup site, remove the probe from
the sample train, wipe off the silicone grease, and cap the open outlet of the
probe. Be careful not to lose any condensate, if present. Remove the filter
assembly, wipe off the silicone grease from the filter holder inlet, and cap
this inlet. Remove the umbilical cord from the last impinger, and cap the
impinger. After wiping off the silicone grease, cap off the inlet to the
first impinger and any open impinger inlets and outlets. The tester may use
ground-glass stoppers, plastic caps, or serum caps to close these openings.
Transfer the probe and filter-impinger assembly to an area that is clean
and protected from the wind so that the chances of contaminating or losing the
sample is minimized.
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Inspect the train before and during disassembly, and note any abnormal
conditions. Treat the samples as follows:
5-8.1 Container No. 1 (Probe, Filter, and Impinger Catches). Using a
graduated cylinder, measure to the nearest ml, and record the volume of the
water in the first three impingers; include any condensate in the probe in
this determination. Transfer the impinger water from the graduated cylinder
into this polyethylene or glass container. Add the filter to this container.
(The filter may be handled separately using procedures subject to the
Administrator's approval.) Taking care that dust on the outside of the probe
or other exterior surfaces does not get into the sample, clean all
sample-exposed surfaces (including the probe nozzle, probe fitting, probe
liner, first three impingers, impinger connectors, and front half of the
filter holder) with deionized distilled water. Use less than 500 ml for the
entire wash. Add the washings to the sampler container. Perform the
deionized distilled water rinses as follows:
Carefully remove the probe nozzle and rinse the inside surface with
deionized distilled water from a wash bottle. Brush with a nylon bristle
brush, and rinse until the rinse shows no visible particles, after which make
a final rinse of the inside surface. Brush and rinse the inside parts of the
Swagelok fitting with deionized distilled water in a similar way.
Rinse the probe liner with deionized distilled water. While squirting the
water into the upper end of the probe, tilt and rotate the probe so that all
inside surfaces will be wetted with water. Let the water drain from the lower
end into the sample container. The tester may use a funnel (glass or
polyethylene) to aid in transferring the liquid washes to the container.
Follow the rinse with a probe brush. Hold the probe in an inclined position,
and squirt deionized distilled water into the upper end as the probe brush is
being pushed with a twisting action through the probe. Hold the sample
container underneath the lower end of the probe, and catch any water and
particulate matter that is brushed from the probe. Run the brush through the
probe three times or more. Rinse the brush with deionized distilled water,
and quantitatively collect these washings in the sample container. After the
brushing, make a final rinse of the probe as described above.
It is recommended that two people clean the probe to minimize sample
losses. Between sampling runs, keep brushes clean and protected from
contamination.
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Rinse the inside surface of each of the first three impingers (and
connecting glassware) three separate times. Use a small portion of deionized
distilled water for each rinse, and brush each sample-exposed surface with a
nylon bristle brush, to ensure recovery of fine particulate matter. Make a
final rinse of each surface and of the brush.
After ensuring that all joints have been wiped clean of the silicone
grease, brush and rinse with deionized distilled water the inside of the
filter holder (front-half only). Brush and rinse each surface three times or
more if needed. Make a final rinse of the brush and filter holder.
After all water washings have been collected in the sample container,
tighten the lid so that water will not leak out when it is shipped to the
laboratory. Mark the height of the fluid level to determine whether leakage
occurs during transport. Label the container clearly to identify its
contents. This cleanup must be conducted for each of the test runs.
5.8.2 Container No. 2 (Sample Blank). Prepare a blank by placing an
unused Teflon™ filter in a container and adding a volume of water equal to the
total volume in Container No. 1. Process the blank in the same manner as for
Container No. 1. Only one sample blank must be collected for each test
series.
5.8.3 Container No. 3 (Silica Gel). Note the color of the indicating
silica gel to determine whether it has been completely spent and make a
notation of its condition. Transfer the silica gel from the fourth impinger
to its original container and seal. The tester may use a funnel to pour the
silica gel and a rubber policeman to remove the silica gel from the impinger.
It is not necessary to remove the small amount of dust particles that may
adhere to the impinger wall and are difficult to remove. Since the gain in
weight is to be used for moisture calculations, do not use any water or other
liquids to transfer the silica gel. If a balance is available in the field,
the tester may follow the analytical procedure for Container No. 3 in 5-10-2.
5.9 Sample Preparation For Analysis. Note the liquid levels in Containers
No. 1 and No. 2 and confirm on the analysis data form (FigureCf^ or similar
form) whether or not leakage occurred during transport. If noticeable leakage
has occurred, either void the test run or use methods, subject to the approval
of the Administrator, to correct the final results. Treat the contents of
each sample container as described below:
5-9-1 Container No. 1 (Probe Filter and Impinger Catch). Condense the
entire sample to a volume which can be transferred to the vial for NAA
C-31
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analysis. The vial when closed must have some headspace. Also, the vial must
be cleaned as described in Section 5-9-3- To condense the sample, place the
sample or a portion of the sample in a flask which is covered with a watch
glass and heat to 105°C. After the liquid contents are removed from the
container, transfer the Teflon™ filter to the previously cleaned screw-type
vial. Rinse the sample container and place the rinse with the sample. If
difficulty is obtained in evaporating the sampling without bumping, a few
Teflon™ chips may be added. Do not take the sample to dryness. Transfer the
condensed sample and the rinsing of the flask into the same vial with the
Teflon™ filter. Seal the vial. Alternatively, the sample may be placed in a
small leak-free screw-type bottle (that has been cleaned as described in
5.9-3) and shipped to the NAA laboratory for transfer to the sample vial. If
desired the NAA laboratory may conduct the sample concentration and transfer
step.
5.9*2 Container No. 2 (Sample Blank). Treat in the same manner as
described in Section 5-9-1 above.
5-9-3 Preparation of Sample Vials. Prepare sample vials in the following
manner. Initially clean all vials with soap and water, rinse with tap water,
soak for 48 hours in the rinse solution, and finally rinse with deionized
distilled water. After the vials have dried, mark each on both sides with the
sample identification number using a permanent pen (see 3-3)- Record all
sample identification numbers on Figure Cl"~3 or similar analytical form.
5-9-4 Preparation of Cooling Water Samples. Shake the cooling water
sample container to suspend any settled solids. Immediately take out a 10 ml
aliquot and filter through a vacuum unit constructed of plastic or glass, to
accumulate a 47 mm diameter, 3-0 u pore size Teflon filter. Transfer the
filtered residue (including filter) to a cleaned screw-type vial. Pipette 1.0
ml of filtrate into a separate cleaned screw-type vial. Record the vial
identification number on the analytical data form. This step can be omitted
if the tester assumes that all the chromium in the cooling water is in the
hexavalent state.
5-9-5 Preparation of Performance Audit Sample. Pipette the volume of
audit sample as indicated in the EPA audit instructions into a cleaned vial
(or bottle). The audit sample will be used to assess the accuracy of the NAA
procedures.
C-32
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FIGURE V- 3. SAMPLE PREPARATION AND ANALYTICAL DATA FORM
Plant name
Sample location
NAA laboratory
Silica Gel Run 1 Run 2 Run 3
Run ID Nos.
Final wt, gm
Initial wt, gm (minus)
wt gained, gm
Cooling Water Samples Run 1 Run 2 Run 3
Sample ID Nos.
Volume filtered (V 2_)'
NAA results of residue (M ., ), ug
residue °
Volume of filtrate (V _) , ml
cw2 r
NAA results of filtrate (Mj-,r+ ) , ug
Emission Rate Samples Run 1 Run 2 Run 3
Sample ID Nos.
Liquid level checked
NAA results, ug
Blank value, ug (minus)*
Mass collected (M ) , ug
¦"¦Blank value must be less than or equal to 0.01 ug. If this value is
exceeded, subtract 0.01 ug.
Performance Audit Sample
Sample ID No. NAA results ug
C-33
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5.10 Analysis.
5.10.1 NAA Analysis. The NAA procedures are not described due to the
small number of NAA facilities. The NAA laboratory should be informed that
the total mass of chromium in each vial should be in the range of 0.05 to 10
ug. This information will provide them the proper levels to set their
irradiation time. Samples will typically be counted about 14 days after
irradiation to allow the sodium present in the samples time to decay and,
thus minimize its interference in the analysis.
5.10.2 Container No. 3« Weigh the spent silica gel (or silica gel plus
impinger) to the nearest 0.5 g using a balance. This step may be conducted
in the field.
6. Calibration
Maintain a laboratory log of all calibrations.
6.1 Probe Nozzle. Probe nozzles shall be calibrated before their
initial use in the field. Using a micrometer, measure the inside diameter of
the nozzle to the nearest 0.025 mm (0.001 in.). Make three separate
measurements using different diameters each time, and obtain the average of
the measurements. The difference between the high and low numbers shall not
exceed 0.1 mm (0.004 in.). When nozzles become nicked, dented, or corroded,
they shall be reshaped, sharpened, and recalibrated before use. Each nozzle
shall be permanently and uniquely identified.
6.2 Propeller Anemometer. The propeller anemometer assembly shall be
calibrated according to the procedure outlined in Section 4 of Method
6.3 Metering System. Before its initial use in the field, the metering
system shall be calibrated according to the procedure outlined in APTD-0576.
Instead of physically adjusting the dry gas meter dial readings to correspond
to the wet test meter readings, calibration factors may be used to correct
mathematically the gas meter dial readings to the proper values. Before
calibrating the metering system, it is suggested that a leak-check be
conducted. For metering systems having diaphragm pumps, the normal
leak-check procedure will not detect leakages within the pump. For these
cases the following leak- check procedure is suggested: make a 10-minute
3
calibration run at 0.00057 m/min (0.02 cfm); at the end of the run, take the
difference of the measured wet test meter and dry gas meter volume; divide
the difference by 10, to get the leak rate. The leak rate should not exceed
0.00057 m^/min (0.02 cfm).
C-34
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After each field use, the calibration of the metering system shall be
checked by performing three calibration runs at a single, intermediate
orifice setting (based on the previous field test), with the vacuum set at
the maximum value reached during the test series. To adjust the vacuum,
insert a valve between the wet test meter and inlet of the metering system.
Calculate the average value of the calibration factor. If the calibration
has changed by more than 5 percent, recalibrate the meter over the full range
of orifice settings, as outlined in APTD-0576.
Alternative procedures, e.g., using the orifice meter coefficients, may
be used, subject to the approval of the Administrator.
Note: If the dry gas meter coefficient values obtained before and after
a test series differ by more than 5 percent, the test series shall either be
voided, or calculations for the test series shall be performed using which-
ever meter coefficient value (i.e, before or after) gives the lower value of
total sample volume.
6.4 Probe Heater Calibration. The probe heating system shall be
calibrated before its initial use in the field according to the procedure
outlined in APTD-0576. Probes constructed according to APTD-O58I need not be
calibrated if the calibrations curves in APTD-0576 are used.
6-5 Temperature Gauges. Use the procedure in Section 4.3 of Method _ to
calibrate in-stack temperature gauges. Dial thermometers, such as are used
for the dry gas meter and condenser outlet, shall be calibrated against
mercury-in-glass thermometers.
6.6 Leak-Check of Metering System Shown in Figure fcT-1. That portion of
the sampling train from the pump to the orifice meter should be leak-checked
prior to initial use and after each shipment. Leakage after the pump will
result in less volume being recorded than is actually sampled. The following
procedure is suggested (see Figure 5~4 of Method 5): close the main value on
the meter box. Insert a one-hole rubber stopper with rubber tubing attached
into the orifice exhaust pipe. Disconnect and vent the low side of the
orifice manometer. Close off the low side orifice tap. Pressurize the
system to 13 to 18 cm (5 to 7 in.) water column by blowing into the rubber
tubing. Pinch off the tubing, and observe the manometer for one minute. A
loss of pressure on the manometer indicates a leak in the meter box; leaks,
if present, must be corrected.
C-35
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6.7 Barometer. Calibrate against a mercury barometer as described in
Method?^-.
6. Calculations
Carry out calculations, retaining at least one extra decimal figure
beyond that of the acquired data. Round off figures after the final
calculation. Other forms of the equations may be used as long as they give
equivalent results.
6.1 Nomenclature
2 2
A = Cross-sectional area of nozzle, m (ft ).
n 2 2
A = Cross-sectional area of cell(s), m (ft ).
s
B = Water vapor in the gas stream, proportion by volume.
¦fB
Cr = Concentration of hexavalent chromium in cooling water, ug/ml.
Cr = Concentration of total chromium in cooling water, ug/ml.
I = Percent of isokinetic sampling.
L = Maximum acceptable leakage rate for either a pretest leak
B
check or for a leak check following a component change;
equal to 0.00057 m^/min (0.02 cfm) or ^ percent of the
average sampling rate, whichever is less.
L. = Individual leakage rate oberved during the leak check
conducted prior to the "i " component change (i = 1, 2,
3
3...n), m /min (cfm)
3
L = Leakage rate observed during the post-test leak check, m /min
P
(cfm)
+6 = Mass of hexavalent chromium in cooling water sample, ug.
Cr
M = Total amount of chromium matter collected, ug.
n
M .. = Mass of chromium residue in cooling water sample, ug.
residue
M = Molecular weight of water, 18.0 g/g-mole (18.0 lb/lb-mole).
w
P, = Barometric pressure at the sampling site, mm Hg (in. Hg).
bar
P = Absolute stack gas pressure, mm Hg (in. Hg).
s
P , = Standard absolute pressure, 760 mm Hg (29-92 in. Hg) .
R = Ideal gas constant, 0.06236 (mmHg)(m )/( K)(g-mole)
[21.85 (in- Hg)(ft3)/(°R)(lb-mole)].
T = Absolute average dry gas meter temperature
m
(see FigureC{/-2) , °K (°R).
T = Absolute average stack gas temperature (see Figure CT-2),
°K (°R).
T , = Standard absolute temperature, 293°K (528°R).
s td
C-36
-------
V = Total volume liquid collected in impingers and silica gel
lc
(see Figure CT-3), ml.
V = Volume of gas sample as measured by dry gas meter,
m o
dm (dcf).
V , = Volume of gas sample measured by the dry gas meter,
EQ ( S td) o
corrected to standard conditions, dsm (dscf).
V , = Volume of water vapor in the gas sample, corrected to
w(stu) «
standard conditions, sm (scf).
Vcwi = Volume of cooling water sent for NAA or Cr+^, ml.
V = Volume of cooling water which represents residue sent for NAA,
cw 2
ml.
v = Stack gas velocity, calculated by Method , Equation 2-9,
s
using data obtained from Method fA , m/sec (ft/sec).
V = Dry gas meter calibration factor.
AH = Average pressure differential across the orifice meter (see
Figure 07"-2) , mm ^0 (in. ^0) .
© = Total sampling time, min.
©1 = Sampling time interval, from the beginning of a .run until the
first component change, min.
0^ = Sampling time interval, between two successive component
changes, beginning with the interval between the first and
second changes, min.
0p = Sampling time interval, from the final (n^) component change
until the end of the sampling run, min.
13*6 = Specific gravity of mercury.
60 = Sec/min.
100 = Conversion to percent.
7-2 Average Dry Gas Meter Temperature and Average Orifice Pressure Drop.
See data sheet (Figure Qf-2).
7-3 Dry Gels Volume. Correct the sample volume measured by the dry gas
meter to standard conditions (20°C, 760 mm Hg or 68°F, 29-92 in. Hg) by using
Equation tf-1.
m .7 v T /K + AH/13.6
V . . = V Y std / bar J
m(std) m I
T I pTI
m \ std
C-37
-------
¦ K1 Vm Y Pbar * '"W'6'
T Equation Cr~l
m —
Where: = O.3858 °K/mm Hg for metric units.
= 17.64 °R/in. Hg for English units.
Note: EquationCT-1 can be used as written-unless leakage rate observed ~
during any of the mandatory leak-checks (i.e., the post-test leak-check or
leak-checks conducted prior to component changes) exceeds L . If L or L.
a pi
exceeds L , Equation CT-1 must be modified as follows:
a —
(a) Case I. No component changes made during sampling run. In this
case, replace V in EquationCT-1 with the expression:
rv. - °lp " Ve]
(b) Case II. One or more component changes made during the sampling
run. In this case, replace V in EquationCf-1 by the expression:
m —
n
[V - (L. - L ) 0 - Z (L. - L ) 0. - (L - L ) 0 ]
m 1 a . _ 1 a 1 p a p
i=2
and substitute only for those leakage rates (L. or L ) which exceed L .
1 p a
7.4 Volume of Water Vapor.
P R T «.*
V = V ^ Std _ v y
W^Std) 1C MP 2 lc Equation(7f-2
w std -
¦31
Where: K_ = 0.001333 ffln/ml for metric units.
= 0.94707 ft /ml for English units.
B _ Vw(std)
WS V , . + V , ,, Equation 0^3
m(std) w(std) -
Note: In saturated or water droplet-laden gas streams, two calculations of
the moisture content of the stack gas shall be made, one from the impinger .
analysis (EquationCT-3)1 and a second from the assumption of saturated
conditions. The lower of the two values of B shall be considered correct.
ws
The procedure for determining the moisture content based upon
C-38
-------
assumption of saturated conditions is given in the Note of Section 1.2 of
Method 4. For the purposes of this method, the average stack gas temperature
from FigureCT-2 may be used to make this determination, provided that the
accuracy of the in-stack temperature sensor is + 1°C (2°F).
7.6 Total Chromium Weight. Determine the total chromium catch from the
sum of the weights obtained from Containers 1 and 2 less the blank (see
FigurecT~3)• Note: Refer to Section 4.1.5 to assist in calculation of
results involving two or more filter assemblies or two or more sampling
trains.
7.7 Conversion Factors.
From To
scf m
g/ft3 gr/ft3
g/ft3 lb/ft3
g/ft3 g/m3
7-8 Isokinetic Variation.
7.8.1 Calculation From Raw Data.
100 T [K_ Vn + (V Y/T )(P. +AH/13.6)]
2 _ s L 3 lc m'm'v bar ' J
60 0 v- P A EquationCr-4
s s n -
Where: K„ = 0.003454 (mm Hg)(m3)/(ml)(°K) for metric units.
= 0.002669 (in. Hg)(ft )/(ml)(°R) for English unit.
7.8.2 Calculation From Intermediate Values.
Multiply By
0.02832
15.43
2.205 x 10"3
35.31
T V . . P . . 100
j s m(std) std
T v 9 A P 60 (1-B T
std s n s ws
T V ,
„ s m(std)
=
ps vs An 6 (1_BWS^ Equation C^"5
Where: Kl = 4.320 for metric units.
= 0.09450 for English units.
C-39
-------
7-9 Acceptable Results. If 80 percent £ I 120 percent, the results
are acceptable. If the results are low in comparison to the standard and "I"
is beyond the acceptable range, or, if "I" is greater than 120 percent, the
Administrator may opt to accept the results. Use Citation 4 to make
judgements. Otherwise, reject the results, and repeat the test.
7.10 Concentration of Chromium in Cooling Water.
c Mp +6
Cr .
V EquationfT-6
cw^ -
„ _ +6 ^residue
Cr = Cr +
V Equation cf-1
cw^ —
Note: If all the chromium in the cooling water was assumed to be in the
hexavalent state, then Cr+^ would equal 1.
7.11 Pollutant Mass Rate.
mm M A 60 Cr+6
PMR = n s
a Equation cf-8
0An 454,000,000 Cr
= Kc M A Cr+6
5ns
0A Cr
n
Where: K_ = 0.1322 x 10 ^ both units.
5
8. Bibliography
1. Cox, X. B., R. L. Linton, and F. E. Butler. Determination of Chromium
Specialization in Environmental Particles; Multitechnique Study of
Ferrochrome Smelter Dust. ES&T, Vol. 19, No. 4, April 1985-
2. Entropy Environmentalists, Inc. Emission Test Report: Munters
Corporation, Fort Meyers, FL, ESED 85/02b. Draft report prepared for
the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency under Contract No.
68-02-4336, Work Assignment No. 3. June 1986.
3. Butler, F. E., J. E. Knoll, and M. R. Midgett. Chromium Analysis at a
Ferrochrome Smelter, A Chemical Plant and a Refractory Brick Plant.
JAPCA, 36:581-584, 1986.
C-40
-------
4. Rom, Jerome J. Maintenance, Calibration, and Operation of Isokinetic
Source Sampling Equipment. Environmental Protection Agency, Research
Triangle Park, NC, APTD-0576, March 1972.
5. Martin, Robert M. Construction Details of Isokinetic Source-Sampling
Equipment. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park,
NC, APTD-0581, April 1971.
6. Letter Communication. From John W. Cooper, Jr., P. E. of the Cooling
Tower Institute to Pamela C. Bellin of Midwest Research Institute,
concerning cooling tower operating parameters and ambient conditions
during emission testing, March 2k, 1986.
7. Clay, Frank. Source Test Calculation and Check Programs for
Hewlett-Packard 4l Calculators. U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, EPA 3^0/l-85~0l8, September 1985-
C-41
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ESC MEASUREMENTS
Instrumentation - ESC used the following instruments to collect data during
test:
1. Sensitive Paper System
Manufacturer: Environmental Systems Corporation
Description: A special filter medium is chemically treated to produce a
distinct color change when wetted. Droplets impinging on
the papers produce blue stains which may be correlated with
droplet size. The system operator records updraft velocity
and selects exposure times which yield serviceable
concentrations of stains. Knowing exposure times and
updraft velocities, analysts studying the papers with
microscopes can calculate droplet size and size
distribution.
2. Air Speed (Updraft at Exit Plane)
Manufacturer: R. M. Young Company
Model: 27106 Gill Propeller Anemometer
Description: A generato:—type anemometer with excellent linearity and
off-axis response. Used to measure fan updraft velocity to
establish isokinetic sampling air flow rate. Readout is by
digital voltmeter. In conjunction with this sensor, the
operator measures the air flow direction with a vane-type
sensor to make a correction for off-axis flow, if necessary.
C-42
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3. Digital Voltmeter
Manufacturer: John Fluke Manufacturing Company
Model: 8022B
Serial Nos. 2920260, 2920262
Description: Three (3) 1/2 digit DVM used to measure output signals
corresponding to fan updraft velocity and velocity vector.
C-43
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PITOT TUBE MEASUREMENT PROCEDURE
1. Remove tube and inspect - remove tip protection cap.
2. With appropriate couplings connected (typically 2" NPT - male), pull rein-
forcing sleeve and "stinger" fully inside coupling and screw coupling snugly
into gate valve (tighten with pipe wrench).
3. Open valve fully, after making sure once again the stinger is fully
retracted. With valve fully open, push pltot tube stinger through the rein-
forcing sleeve. Lock into place and purge manometer and lines of all air.
Zero the manometer (i.e., no differential pressure should be indicated, with
total pressure and static pressure ports reading "static" prior to
inserting tube in pipe).
4. Slowly insert pitot tube into pipe until a deflection is detected. Mark the
tube clearly at the stuffing box. Push tube fully across the pipe until it
contacts the other side. Mark tube clearly again and retract until zero
deflection is seen again. Check this point with previous mark. Measure
distance between marks and add 3/16" to indicated diameter (for offset in
static/total sensing port location). Compare this diameter to the nominal
diameter of the pipe.
5. Calculate and mark measurement stations. No fewer than 20 stations per
diameter should be used for pipes greater than 36" diameter. Check to see
if manometer is zeroed and initiate traverse. Visual readings of manometer
should be no less than one minute. Periodic checks using 25-50 instan-
taneous manometer readings averaged and compared with the "eyeball" average
at a single point should be conducted.
6. Other perpendicular traverses should be conducted similarly with center-point
readings compared from each traverse for consistency.
7. Ambient temperature and water temperature should be measured during traverse
to correct manometer balancing fluid and water density, respectively.
8. Pitot tube tip should be inspected for blockage/damage before and after each
traverse.
9. Any anomalies or problems, such as vibration, apparent backflow, etc. should
be noted.
C-44
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SECTION 1
INSTRUCTIONS
>! 2
[ INSTRUCTIONS FOR USE OF
{OR ROD) and MANOMETER
C"
HANOLE
CLAMP SCREW
INDEX
I CORPORATION COCK
( I'CUEAR OPENING ) """*
HEXAGONAL BODY
CALIPER TURNED 180*
FOR WITHDRAWAL
'/V/V¦///?////,¦/<>, , / ///,
Fig. I—Pipe CallpT.
IN these instructions the various operations are
stated in their natural order oi progression, and
each subject is completely treated in its paragraph
for easy reference.
Pip* Caliper—See Fig. I.
This instrument consists of a brass rod which passes
through an eccentric stuiiing-boz. The lower end is
hook shaped, and to the other end is attached an
index collar and handle.
To attach the caliper, pull the rod all the way up
and sCTew the stuffing-box on the corporation cock,
making a water-tight joint with the leather washer.
Open the corporation cock and push the rod in
until it touches the pipe. (See Fig. 1.) Turn rod 180°.
Measure the distance between index collar and stuff-
ing-box. Pull rod up until hook just touches the pipe.
Again measure from stuffing-box to index collar. The
inside diameter of pipe is equal to the difference be-
tween these two measurements plus one inch, the
one inch being added for the length of the hook.
Caution should be taken to push the rod against
the walls of the pipe slowly and gently, since the
pipe may be coated with tubercles and incrustations,
or there may be sand- or sediment on the bottom.
Should the rod be pushed too forcefully against the
pipe, these interior conditions would not be detected.
Remember that' it is the actual working diameter of
pipe, as near as can be determined, that should be
used in flow calculations.
SIMPLEX PITOT ROD
Description
The Simplex PFA Pitot Rod illustrated in Fig. 2 is a
pair of tubes in a casing. One tube transmits the Ref-
erence pressure received at the side orifices, and the
other tube transmits the Impact pressure received at
the Impact orifice, which faces the flow.
The Simplex Rod is provided with a split clamp
which holds the tube in position and prevents it be-
ing pushed out by the water pressure, a stuffing-box
which can easily be packed with any suitable pack-
ing and a stop collar near the orifice end of the rod
to limit the withdrawal of the rod through the stuffing-
box.
Rod-Corporation Connection
The threads of the connection nut of the Simplex
rod and of the pipe caliper fits a 1" Mueller Corpora-
tion Cock. The requirements of the corporation cock
are for a male thread 1V2" O.D—twelve threads per
inch and a 1" clear opening. Where other makes of
corporation cocks are employed, an adapter should
be provided having male threads to fit the Simplex
item and female threads to fit the corporation cock.
C-45
-------
Attaching Pitot Red
Before attaching Pitot Rod to corporation cock, be
sure to remove the protecting cap from the orifice
end, then see that the tube is fully drawn up so that it
will escape corporation plug. Screw connection nut
on corporation cock, making a water-tight joint by
the leather washer.
Have all cocks on Pitot Rod closed, and then open
the corporation. Open the air cocks at top of Pitot
Rod to blow the air out of tube and also out of top of
pipe, should any be lodged there.
Push the Rod in until it touches the pipe, and meas-
ure the distance irom index collar to traverse scale
ilange. Pull the Rod out a distance equal to the radius
of the pipe minus V> inch and secure the Rod in this
position by tightening the clamp collar, and at the
same time being sure that the arrow on the crown
casting of Rod points in the direction of the How.
If the direction of the flow is unknown, this can be
determined by the use of the manometer connected
to the Pitot Rod. Observe the deflection in manometer
when arrow on crown casting points along the pipe
in one direction. Then revolve the Pitot Tube 160° so
that the arrow points along the pipe in the opposite
direction. The water will be flowing in the direction
that produces the greater deflection of the liquid in
manometer.
SECTION 1
INSTRUCTIONS
CROWN CASTING
ROD CLAMP
COLLAR
STUFFING BOX
CONNECTION NUT
TRAVERSE SCALE FLANGE
CAUSE CLASS
CLEANING
BRUSH
STOP COLLAR —*
r
TAG I 3
AIR COCKS
STOP COCKS
INDEX COLLAR
TRAVERSE SCALE
HOLDER
Fig. J Mwwitftf.
Fig. 2—Pttot Mod.
PROTECTING
CAP
C-46
-------
Ttimrr
INSTRUCTIONS
PAG* 4
OIU£WAT*D
TMAVCMC SCALE
s^r=n=
i-!"~\ L-.
VtJLOCrTT cuw
C1 ^S^CATI
F)9. 4—7rwr»r*j*f—*q««/ Ar+m H*ik*4.
The Pitot Rod located as described above has its
oriices at the center oi the pipe. This is the usual
location lot How determination when connected to
recorder or manometer.
MANOMETER—See Figu 3, 4
Description
In principle this instrument is a U-tube.
The top assembly is provided with fittings which
connect to each side and in turn to each other through
valve (e). Plug cocks (i) and (r) and air cocks lai)
and (ar) are also provided at this point on the
manometer. (See Fig. 4.)
The top assembly is easily removable for pour-
ing liquid into manometer or for the insertion of the
cleaning brush. The glass should always be clean
so that the liquid will not cling to the surface, but
will form a clear and even meniscus in each side.
This is especially important when the deflection of
the liquid is small.
A manometer connected to a Simplex Pitot Rod
constitutes one of the simplest forms of a meter for
indicating the rate of flow.
Connecting Manometer to Phot Rod
The manometer may be connected with two lengths
of hose, either directly to the Pitot Rod at (D and £R),-
as shown in Fig. 4, or it may be connected at (D
and (R) at the Recorder (Fig. 10) when the latter is
connected to the Pitot Rod. While using the mano-
meter thus connected, shut oft the Recorder by closing
cocks (I) and (R) on Recorder. Whenever the mano-
meter is being filled with liquid or is blown off for
expelling possible collections of air from it, always
first close cocks (D and CR) at Recorder. Likewise,
whenever air is being blown from Recorder always
first close cocks (I) and (R), thus shutting off the mano-
meter to prevent the danger of blowing the liquid from
same. (See Fig. 10J
FILLING MANOMETER WITH LIQUID AND
BLOWING OUT AIR
Remove wing nut on top of manometer. Lift off top
assembly, exposing holes to glass. Pour liquid, previ-
ously mixed (as explained on Page 6), through a
funnel into either hole.
It is usually desirable to fill the manometer half
full of liquid, since the maximum deflection equal to
the length of a glass tube will be obtainable by this
amount of liquid.
C-47
-------
Having poured liquid into manometer, replace the
top assembly and tighten wing nut. Fill, manometer
with water and expel all air from hose connections
and manometer. Care must be exercised not to blow
out the liquid. To guard against this keep one side of
the manometer closed while blowing out air from the
other side. For example, to blow air through the
Impact line, have all cocks at manometer closed
except open (a,) and open (i). Opening and closing
(i) several times during the procedure will facilitate
filhng the gauge glass with water, Bince this will give
more opportunity lor the air torn the glass to escape
through (ai). Close (i) and (a,). Likewise, fill the other
side with water and expel air by opening (ar) and (r).
Having thus blown till no air appears, close (r),
and finally, to insure that no air is trapped in the by-
pass connection, open cock (e) and having (ar)
open, slightly open (r). Close (r) before the liquid
reaches the top ol the glass. Close (a>) and (e) and
open (i) and (r), when the manometer will be in
service and the deflection oi the liquid is a measure
of the velocity oi the water flowing by the oriiices
of Pilot Tube.
Cock (e) is an equalizing cock and when open the
pressures in the two glasses tend to equalize. When
(e) is open the liquid in each glass should come to
the same level provided either (i) or (r) or both are
closed. It is necessary that at least one be closed.
This enables the operator to prove that no air is
in the manometer.
When the deflections of the liquid are to be ob-
served ior velocity indications, cocks (e), (ai) and
(ar) are closed and cocks (i) and (r) are open.
LIQUID FOR MANOMETER
SECTION 1
INSTRUCTIONS
ATMOSPHERE
WATER
LIQUID
When measuring low velocities use a low specific
gravity and ior high velocities use a heavier mixture
of liquid. If the velocity being measured is so high
that it will deflect the liquid in the manometer more
than the length of the glass, then it will be necessary
to use a heavier liquid.
The liquid usually used in the manometer is a mix-
ture of carbon tetra-chloride and benzine or benzol,
colored with a small quantity oi red coloring powder.
The liquids are mixed in such proportions that the
resultant mixture will have any desired specific
gravity between the limits of 1.10 and 1.60. Specific
gravities of 1.25 and 1.50 are most commonly used.
Tlie specific gravity of carbon tetra-chloride is
about 1.60, and ii this liquid is too light, then ior a
heavier liquid use bromofonn. whose specific gravity
is about 2.96. This likewise can be mixed with carbon
tetra-chloride to obtain gravities between 1.60 and
2.96. Bromoform in its commercial state usually con-
tains some alcohol. For this reason it should be
washed with water and then filtered through filter
Fig. far SpteMe Gravity.
paper before using in manometer. Do not inhale
its fumes.
For differential pressures too great for the above-
named liquids use mercury, whose specific gravity
is 13.5B.
Specific Gravity Determination
The specific gravity of the liquid or mixture can be
determined by pouring same in a glass cylinder and
floating a hydrometer in the liquid. The lighter the
liquid, the deeper will the hydrometer be submerged.
Read the specific gravity on the hydrometer scale
at the surface of the liquid.
C-48
-------
i SECTION 1
j INSTRUCTIONS
PAGE 6
If a hydrometer is not available or other range of
liquid gravity is employed, the specific gravity can
easily be determined in the following manner:
Pour the liquid to be checked into the manometer
and then pour some water into one side of the
manometer, which will deflect the liquid. There may
be water in one side only or in both sides of the
manometer, and it is only necessary to have more
water in one side than in the other so as to produce
a deflection of the liquid. In the interest of close
accuracy it is advisable to have as large a deflection
as possible. It will be understood that for the deter-
mination of the specific gravity both legs of the
manometer are open to atmosphere, that is, cocks
(at) and (aP) are open and cocks (i) and (r) are closed
if the manometer is connected to the Pitot Rod. Do
this at least twice in order to cross check the result.
The specific gravity of the liquid then is
a — b
S = when there is water in both sides
d
a
and S = — when water is in one side only, in
d which case b equals zero,
where S = specific gravity of liquid
a = larger water column on liquid
b = smaller water column on liquid
d = defection of liquid.
Temperature affects the specific gravity. There-
fore a determination of specific gravity as detailed
above will give the proper value only if made di-
rectly before and/or after the test.
Mixing Liquids
Having decided on the specific gravity ol the
liquid mixture to be used, the iormula below will be
found helpful and time saving.
S- — S.
T =
B
where S-
S.
S>
T
B
S. — S«
specific gravity of mixture
specific gravity of carbon tetra-
chloride
specific gravity of benzol
volume oi carbon tetra-chloride
volume of benzol
SIMPLEX,CONTROLS k/l As*"'A
Siction. No. Si Dote -JL J jJP-
Nom>nol Dio._U5 | 531
.QlS
l
1 £.5e ' 2o.oo S.o <¦ | Sm
.87 6 |
- / i Zl-oo] 2.0.0°! (s.o9 { 5.-77
/.c 2.6;
1 -2 ! 2 I.S°; 11 0 0 j rz,qcj ! 5.C75"
I.00S
1 -2> ! 2 1.00i £>.o.o°| 5. 00 | Z.lS"
.
! - (d i ( 1.2S I <4 00] a.^Z. | 4.S2
.695
| 1 Itotal IS-fc.75 IL5.84-I
! 1 i AV6. ! 4.11 ! 5.4-
-------
SIMPLEX CONTROLS smi B
stolon Nn ^
Nominal DiaJ^__Colip«red AreoIA=Ji^.^tq.tL
Indicote in cwcle all tops, 8 position of pitot red tor litis traverse.
Traverse coef. C=_'_2i?_"L'
Station foctor F-D$£i2S£.
During troverse
For field da to see tneets A not.
I nentum M I P L A h/P , tVfST
JlE.JiIi.J2.
looking up-stream
SECTION 1
INSTRUCTIONS
fig. 7—Typical Fiottfog »l Tmwrif Carve tf»» Flf. A.
TUi vaiaa (.1571) it tt< relative nltelty V utf
Vm
else til* Trsvar** Caaftcieef —— = C.
Vc
TRAVERSE STATIONS—See Fig. 4
Wherever a main is tapped iar the purpose oi
measuring the flow oi water, let it be called a station
and named or designated by an assigned number.
When selecting a location ior a station always, ii
possible, select a point in the pipe line where there
is a considerable length oi straight pipe line, where
the flow will be undisturbed by valves, tees, or bends.
Tap the pipe at the selected location ior a one-inch
corporation cock. The tap is usually made on the top
of the pipe. It may, however, be made at the side oi
the pipe or at any other point on the circumference
It is desirable that the pipe be not tapped so deep
that the corporation cock will extend through pipes
ar.d project beyond the inside surface oi the wall oi
the pipe...
When it is impossible to make tap in a long straight
length oi pipe, say where the nearest up-stream
valve, tee, or bend is less than 20 or 30 diameters
from the station, then two taps about 90° apart with
one about 4" to 6" ahead oi the other should be
tapped in the pipe.
For steel pipes first attach a strap service clamp
to pipe.
An accurate record should always be made and
kept on file giving the location oi all stations and the
distance of same from at least two fixed landmarks.
PIPE TRAVERSE—See Figs. 4, 6, 7
The object of making the pipe traverse by the uee
oi the Pitot Rod and the manometer is to ascertain
the relation between the mean velocity and the cen-
ter velocity in the pipe. The Pitot Tube measures
velocity^ only at the point in the pipe where the ori-
fices are located. If the oriiices of the Pitot Tube be
moved along the diameter of the pipe it will be
noticed that the velocities are different for different
locations of the oriiices, and that they gradually in-
crease as we approach the center of the pipe. There-
fore, to accurately determine the quantity of water
flowing it is necessary to know the traverse coeffi-
cient, C = V-/V<, that is the relation of the mean
velocity to the center velocity.
The method to be employed in making the traverse
is thai oi dividing the pipe into imaginary rings or
annuli having equal areas, and then taking readings
of the deflections of the liquid in the manometer when
the oriiices of the Pitot Tube are placed at a point i
each ring such that a circle through that point wi
divide the ring into two equal areas.
This is illustrated in Fig. 4. Refer to the right-har
lower corner where circular cross-section of a pi;
is shown. Here the pipe is divided into five rings
equal area. Ri is the radius to the orifice locatic
for the first ring. R2 is the radius to the oriiice locatic
for the second ring. Rj is the radius to the circui
ierence of ring (a). The area of ring (a) equals the
area of ring (bl. The rings (a), (b), (c), (d), (e),
(f), (g), (h), (i) and (j) have equal areas end the
area oi any one oi these is equal to half the area of
any one of rings, 1. 2. 3. 4, or 5.
The oriiice locations ior any size pipe may be cal-
culated by formula (15) page 13 or they may be
selected from the table of oriiice locations on page 15.
C-50
-------
Southern Research Institute
2000 Ninth Avenue Sou:n/PO Box 55305/Birmingham Alabama 35255-5305/(205)_323-6592
August 13, 1986
Mr. Bill DeWees
Entropy Environmentalists
P.O. Box 12291
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2291
Dear Bill:
I would like to expand on the results I gave you on the phone
concerning your tests at Paducah. As I understand it, your team ran the
paired trains that we recommended, one train being a conventional isokinetic
impinger train and the other an impinger train sampling from a tube with a
disk-shaped collar positioned at 90 degrees from the direction of gas flow.
Our best estimate on the collection behavior of this train comes from the
theory of Zebel (In Recent Developments in Aerosol Science, Edited by David
T. Shaw, Wiley, NY, 1978). The only experimental data we know of was for a
geometry with a slightly different collar by Liu and Pui (Aerosol Sampling
Inlets and Inhalable Particles, Atmospheric Environment, 15, 589-600, 1981).
According to Zebel"s paper, the collection efficiency of drops by the disk
train should be given by the equation below:
Eff = 1 + 1.09 STK
where
STK = V pCD2/9ud
and V = gas stream velocity (cm/sec)
p = droplet density (1 gm/cm3 in this case)
C = Cunningham correction factor (« 1 for this size)
D = droplet diameter (cm)
y = gas viscosity (about 180 x 1O"6 poise)
d = sampling tube inner diameter (cm)
Although their geometry is slightly different from our setup, the
equation fits the data of Liu and Pui fairly well when the correct tube
diameter is assumed (see Figure 1). Table 1 contains calculated D5Q values
(1)
(2)
C-51
-------
Southern Research Institute
Mr. Bill DeWees
August 13, 1986
Page 2
for the four "90° train" runs. Note that while the calculated is on the
order of 13-16 um, the efficiency curves are broad, and significant
collection occurs at higher droplet sizes. The calculated collection
efficiencies for the velocities encountered by the "90° trains" at Paducah
are plotted in Figure 2. I have also done a convolution (see Table II) of
the calculated collection efficiency of the 90° train with one of the size
distributions reported by ESC. If their size distributions are good in the
smaller size range, the 90° trains should collect less than 10 percent of
the drift mass. I do have some questions about their technique, though,
which I will discuss below.
Although you did not directly ask us to analyze the ESC technique, I
felt a word about it was in order. The most definitive experimental work of
which we are aware is that of May and Clifford (The Impaction of Aerosol
Particles on Cylinders, Spheres, Ribbons and Discs, Ann. Occup. Hyg. 10,
83-95, 1967), which gives efficiency curves for the disk body impactor such
as those used for our study. I have enclosed a copy of their results (their
Figure 7) which illustrates it. In their plot the parameter P=A/£ is given
by half the value of STK in equation 2 (where d now is the paper disk
diameter). Thus P is proportional to the square of the droplet diameter D.
Using this data the disk Djq value expected for the velocity range covered
can be calculated and are included in Table I.
I draw two conclusions from the May and Clifford data. First, it is
probably a decent approximation to assume that the sum of the collection by
the paper disk and the 90° train will be approximately the same as the
isokinetic nozzle train for all sizes, with the greatest error of
approximation occurring for particles about 20 urn. The efficiency curves
for a disk impactor and those of the 90° sampling train are fairly "sloppy"
in terms of particle size separation. The paper disk collects large
droplets, and the 90° train collects the smallest droplets, with near unit
efficiency. Thus both significant ends of the size spectrum are collected
well.
A second point I should emphasize is that the sensitive paper results
are subject to some question below about 25-50 m. While presumably ESC can
distinguish spots corresponding to 10-20 ym size droplets, they may
underestimate the actual flux of these drops. The Ranz and Wong (IMpaction
of Dust and Smoke Particles, Industial and Engineering Chemistry, 44,
1371-81, 1952) collection efficiency used by ESC to establish correction
factors does not seem to be fitted by the experimental data seen on Figure 7
of May and Clifford.
C-52
-------
Southern Research Institute
Mr. Bill DeWees
August 13, 1986
Page 3
The relative contribution of droplets in the 10-50 ym size range may
not be significant for the low efficiency drift eliminators in this study.
However, the sensitive paper may significantly underestimate the small
droplet flux downstream of higher efficiency collectors or in any duct where
a condensation droplet mode exists.
Please let me know if I can be of further help.
Sincerely yours
Ashley D. ^Wi'lliamson
Head, Aerosol Science Division
ADW/fea
cc: Dan Bivins
Project 6112
SoRI-EAS-86-755
C-53
-------
Table I. Calculated D^q Values
Duct Velocity
Run Number ft/sec
1 30.97
3 22.25
4 21.06
5 33.67
Calculated q values, ym
Right Jungle
Train Paper Disc
13.3 25.5
15.7 30.1
16.1 30.9
12.7 24.4
C-54
-------
FIGURE 1: ZEBEL'S THEORY AND LIU'S DATA
2 diameters are assumed for Liu's inlet
70 -
K
K 60 -
0 50 -
1 J
30 -
20 -
10 -
o H—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—i—
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.1B 0.2
STOKES NUMBER
innel inlet Zebel's theory O d~funnel outlet
FIGURE 2: ZEBEL'S THEORY
Velocities - 31. 34, 22, it 21 ft/sec.
PARTICLE IMPACTION DlAMETER(micron)
n. c r
-------
TABLE II. COLLECTION OF ASSUMED SIZE DISTRIBUTION BY RIGHT ANGLE TRAIN
PART.
ZEBEL* i
ASPIRATION
EFF.
SIZE DISTRIBUTION COLLECTED
BY RIGHT ANGLE TRAIN
DIA.
v =
v =
V =
v =
ASSUMED
v =
v =
v =
v =
( urn)
31 . 0
33. 7
22. 3
21. 1
SIZE DIST
31.0
33. 7
23. 3
21,1
5
88
87
91
91
O
O
CO
vy
701. 6
694. 1
726. 8
730. 4
1 5
44
42
52
54
955
422. 2
402. 4
500. 9
514. 0
25
22
21
28
30
573
1 27. 2
11 9. 0
1 62. 9
169. 3
35
1 3
1 2
17
1 8
1 480
1 88. 0
174.6
249. 3
260. 9
45
8
7
11
11
2490
201. 5
1 86. 4
271 . 8
285. 4
55
6
5
8
8
4650
258. 8
238. 9
352. 6
370. 9
65
4
4
6
6
6840
277. 0
255. 4
379. 5
399. 7
80
3
2
4
4
1 670
45. 3
41 . 7
62. 3
65. 7
1 00
2
2
2
3
1 830
32. 1
29. 5
44. 3
46. 8
1 20
1
1
2
2
1 600
1 9. 6
1 8. 0
27. 1
28. 6
1 40
1
1
1
1
1 640
14. 8
1 3. 6
20. 5
21. 6
165
1
1
1
1
2080
1 3. 5
1 2. 4
18. 8
1 9. 8
1 95
0
0
1
1
1 690
7. 9
7. 3
11.0
11.6
225
0
0
0
1
1790
6. 3
5. 8
8. 7
9. 2
255
0
0
0
0
907
2. 5
2. 3
3. 4
3. 6
285
0
0
0
0
1 530
3. 4
3. 1
4. 7
4. 9
325
0
0
0
0
1 890
3. 2
2. 9
4. 4
4. 7
375
0
0
0
0
1 290
1. 6
1. 5
2. 3
2. 4
425
0
0
0
0
937
0. 9
0. 8
1 . 3
1. 4
475
0
0
0
0
1 540
1. 2
1 . 1
1 . 7
1. 8
550
0
0
0
0
484
0. 3
0. 3
0. 4
0. 4
650
0
0
0
0
1 380
0. 6
0. 5
0. 8
0. 9
750
0
0
0
0
894
0- 3.
0. 3
0. 4
0. 4
850
0
0
0
0
0
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
950
0
0
0
0
0
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
11 00
0
0
0
0
0
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
0. 0
1 300
0
0
0
0
5240
0. 6
0. 5
0. 8
0. 8
TOTAL i
PARTICLE FLUX:
461 80
2330.2
2212.4
2856.7
2955. 3
FRACTION OF PARTICLE
MASS COLLECTED:
0.0504 0.0479 0.0618 0.0639
C-56
-------
>x
o
c
T> 0 5
I 04U
u
o
8- oil
02
0-1
0
! 1 i
1 I I
I I
I^M^. t
7i
T~
'^o
M
Lr^
t -Vl O ;
^ ' c,
/ y
/ *10
May and Clifford (eiperirrental)
Gregory (experimental)
Longmuir ard BtodgeH (theoretical)
Ronz end Wong (tlieorstiCGl)
Brun et "/ (metmwical)
I ¦ i i I
0 06 0 1
0-2
0-4 0-6 0-3 10
6 8 10
20
40
P=\/L
Fig. 6. Experimental and theoretical impaction efficiency of long ribbons.
and Herrmann (1949) also found that their experimental E was substantially lower
than the theoretical prediction.
Discs
Figure 7 r.ho\vs,j3a«t5irthe same picture as Fig. 6 in tKe^r»lation between theory
and experim£»f1md needs little further comment except that discs h^re^eceived. less
attention^™ the literature than the other geometrical forms.
1 0
0-9
o e
ki
07
x
o
c
Ob
o>
u
*—
n-«
a>
c
o
0-4
o
o
u.
F
0 3
—'
0 •£
0-1
C
1
!
i
i i i
'! _.
j 11|
i
!
I
I
l
1
1
! j | Discs
K
~"i !
1 ^
•
1
1
1
! i
i
1
i
l i i
! 1
! 1 l
/
*
i
H
i Hi i X
/W
Hi
mil y! urn
o
-co
hi
;:ii /l J/il 1 li
O Gregory cri S'eCmcn (experimented)
— Ranz end Wong (theoretical)
! 1 1 1 III
MM/
s.
—o
/ !&
• , ^
! i!
'M; /
111 /
I" ! ! i !l
~ 1 1 M : •
'A !i/o 1'"
1
1
I I
; i
006 0-i
- OZ
0-4 0-6 0-3 1-0
S B 10
20
40
P- \/l
[ig. 7. Experimental and theoretical impaction efficiency of discs.
Accuracy C~57
Scatter of values from the replicate determinations at each point was very small
at the lower end of the curves (large objects, small particles, low wind speed) but
tended to become much larger at the upper end of the curve, the spread sometimes
-------
APPENDIX D.
CALIBRATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE DATA
D-l
-------
CALIBRATIONS
All measuring equipment Entropy uses is initially calibrated before use.
Equipment which can change calibration is both checked upon return from each
field use and is also periodically recalibrated in full. When an instrument
is found out of calibration, it is so noted in the report and appropriate
adjustments are made to the final results. The equipment is then repaired and
recalibrated or retired as needed. Specific equipment is handled as follows:
• Propeller Anemometer - All propeller anemometers were calibrated
and/or checked using the procedures in the draft test method for the
use of the propeller anemometer. This included a full calibration in
the wind tunnel at 10 increments of flow alignment angles from -90
to +90 . The electrical system was checked with a constant rpm motor
to ensure proper outputs. The bearing torque on the anemometer shaft
was checked with a bearing torque check device. All propeller
anemometers used in this program meet the requirements as specified by
the EPA draft method.
Dry Gas Meter and Orifice Meter - All Entropy meter boxes are
calibrated upon purchase and at least once every six months against a
secondary test meter (one calibrated against a wet test meter)
according to their usage history. Basic procedures are outlined in
the EPA Publication No. APTD-0576. The only differences are in the
choice of flow rates used and the volumes metered at each flow rate.
After each field use, quick checks are performed to ensure delta H@
changes of less than 5%- These checks compare the orifice against the
dry gas meter. If greater than 5% changes occur, recalibration and
repair are instituted.
Nozzles - Each nozzle is calibrated upon purchase, and thereafter
whenever it becomes apparent that the nozzle has become damaged. Each
nozzle is inspected upon return to laboratory from each field use.
The diameter is measured on five different axes, with the high and low
readings differing by no more than 0.004 inches as a tolerence.
Temperature Measuring Instruments - After each field use, the
thermocouples or thermometers are calibrated against an ASTM precision
mercury-in-glass thermometer across a wide range of temperatures. If
the initial reading is not within + 1.5% of the absolute temperature
reading of the standard thermometer, the instrument is adjusted until
it is in the acceptable range.
Three-Dimensional Pitot Tube - Prior to field use, the 3-D pitot
tube was calibrated in the wind tunnel using the procedures described
in EPA Method 1A. The pitot tube meets all requirements of the
Method.
D-3
-------
R R
Magnehelic Gauges - After each field use, each Magnehelic
Gauge is calibrated against an inclined manometer at three different
settings (low, medium, high) over the range of the individual gauges.
If the readings differ more than + 5# from the manometer readings, the
Magnehelics are recalibrated.
Barometer - After each field use, each barometer is checked
against a mercury barometer.
D-4
-------
CALI BRAT ION DATA
UNITED SENSOR TYPC DAT 3 -D I MENS IONAL PROBE
COMPANY NAME
PROBE * 1 •D.
E '3Z3 - *7 LENCTH ' T ' *7' SERIAL £
-7
D*TF OF- r-Al 1 BRAT ION "7 " F S" TESTER
FOR STD. P » TOT
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IN . H O
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2 T s p "
"E-"6'. (o IN.Hr TEMP 7 9 °r VELOCITY
i
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YAW ANGLE TEST
f - \
1 - O ¦ C :
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P 1 TCH
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0. Cu
—
0 .ol 0
6 .7 to
-0. /3&
/-Of
0
-20 | 0 ¦
-------
PITOT TUBE INSPECTION DATA SHEET
the impact pressure opening plane or the pjtot tvbc
SHALL BE EVEN W|T» OR ABOVE THE rOTZLE EhTHTf PLANE.
DEGREE INDICATING LEVEL POSITION FORN
DCTIRMININC Y . THEN CALCULATING Z.
DC GA£E I NO I CAT 1 NO
LEVEL "POSITION FOR
OETEF?* I N I NC 0 .
DEGREE INDICATING LCVEL POSITION
FOR DETEW-MNING A. AND A,
^3
DCG«EC INDICATING LEVEL POSITION
FOR DCTEW* I N I NG 8. AND B,
level?
p = P. 4- 0.063"
* a d -
Comments:
(r
I certify tnat pitot tube/probe number c?" / insets cr exceeds all
specifications, criteria and/or applicable design features and is hereby
assigned a pitot tube calibration factor of 0.84.
Signature
Date -7>Uuk 4- 19 05
*SEE i0 CFR 60, VOL.42 NO. 160 METHOD H. VERIFY THE MINIMUM
2 INCH SETBACK OF THE THERMOCOUPLE AND THE MINIMUM 3/4 INCH
SEPARATION BETWEEN THE PITOT TUBE AND THE NOZZLE AS SHOWN AT
THE TOP OF THIS PAGE
D-7
-------
PITOT TUBE INSPECTION DATA SHEET
THERMOCOU*"
THE IMPACT PRESSURE OPENING PLANE Or THE PITOT TUBE
SMALL BE EVEN WITH OR ASjOVE THE NOZZLE ENTRT PLANE.
DE&RCE INDICATING LEVEL POSITION FOR\^ DEGREE I NO I CAT I N<5
" ~ ~ ] LT.TL POSITION 'OR
DCTEKMlNINC Q .
/ ~ o
DEGREE INDICATING LEVEL POSITION
FOR DETERMINING A, AND A
'~7~
OCCREC INDICATING LEVEL POSITION
FOR DCTCF94INING B AND B
level?
|
obstructions?
/Up
damaged?
tfd i
0 0
-10 c a]_ < +1°
CM
0
0 0
-10 < c2 < +10
3"
i
r 0 „ r 0
-5 < 3n < +5
r i
0 0
-5 < B2 < +5
/'
Y
t° i
9
0'
A
0. WS i
1.05 D. < p <1.5
0-4&
1.05 D < P < 1.5 D
0-4-3S |
3/16" c D < 3/8"
6-ZH
A tan y < 0.125"
t otS ,
A tan 0 < 0.03125"
P '
i> = K + 0.063"
¦ a b -
Comments:
Tiber b 3
meets or exceeds all
I certify that pitot tube/probe numbe
specifications, criteria and/or applicable design features and is hereby
assigned a pitot tube calibration factor of 0.84.
Signature
Date 4 1585
/
*SEE 40 CFR 60, VOL.42 NO, 160 METHOD 2. VERIFY THE MINIMUM
2 INCH SETBACK OF THE THERMOCOUPLE AND THE MINIMUM 3/4 INCH
SEPARATION BETWEEN THE PITOT TUBE AND THE NOZZLE AS SHOWN AT
THE TOP OF THIS PAGE.
D-8
-------
I 1*0 i ^UCiIUNS:
NOZZLE BOX # £
1) Use most recently dated diameter n/\TF
2) When revising, mark through last
diameter and update master in office * Re(|uce c_£ilctor by 0.05 for 1/8 ln- no2J.Us
THIR
DATE
D REVISION
DIAMETER
SECOI
DATE
W REVISION
DIAMETER
FIRS'
DATE
REVISION
DIAMETER
1M1TIAL
niAME't ER
NOZZLE
It
12/7ur'i
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601 *
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602 *
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603
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604
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605
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ft
606
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610
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: >h.r(: ,-J/h
^36/
611
1 9
613
0.
614
O' SO(
615
-------
NOZZLE NUMBER:
Da ta
initials
Dia . 1
Dia . 2
Dia . 3
Dia . 4
Dia . 5
Ave tag e
|
ST
•/<6f
• l&L,
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-------
NOZZLE NUMBER: to Ql
Date
Initials
Dia . 1
Dia . 2
Dia . 3
Dia . 4
Dia . 5
Average
\Z-7-Szl S t
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. )/8S~
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jan oAbn
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. m
• \i6
. 171
y-n-zf
Alt
, 116,
Alt
. /77
./Ti 0. 1 if
10-24.
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¦ 180
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• l?t
• i?t o.n?
|
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NOTE: All diameters measured in inches.
e
NTBOPY D-ll
NVinONMENTAU8TB,INC
-------
NOZZLE NUMBER: h £)3
Data
Initials
Dia . 1
Dia . 2
Dia . 3
Dia . 4
Dia . 5
Averag e
ST
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£-t$Z- j
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0,173
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. 178
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•177
• 177
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Entbopv
IM VI RONMEIMTAUBTa, I IMC.
-------
NOZZLE NUMBER:
Date
Initials
Dia . 1
Dia . 2
Dia . 3
Dia . 4
Dia . 5
Averag e
12-2-81
5r
. 244
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0
NOTE: All diameters measured in inches.
e
NTTOPY D-13
mmmamm
NVIRONMENTAU8TB,INC
-------
NOZZLE NUMBER:
Date
Initials
Dia . 1
Dia . 2
Dia. 3
Dia . 4
Dia . 5
Average
ll-2-dl
sr
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fVI I MUMV D-14
nvironmentaubtb,inc
-------
NOZZLE NUMBER:
Date
Initials
Dia . 1
Dia . 2
Dia . 3
Dia . 4
Dia . 5
Average
n -i-bi
sr
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irvrraoPY D-15
E
rJVioonjr^/iervJTAUSTB. inc.
-------
NOZZLE NUMBER: b ^
D3 t2
Initials
Dia. 1
Dia . 2
Dia. 3
Dia . 4
Dia . 5
- —
Average
/t- is'Sz
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NTPOPY D- 1 6
NVIBONMEVTAU8T8,INC
-------
NOZZLE NUMBER: (Q. I O
D3 t2
Initials
Dia . 1
Dia . 2
Dia . 3
Dia . 4
Dia . 5
Averag e
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£>>311
7-
-------
NOZZLE NUMBER: (*(f
Da t2
Initials
Dia . 1
Dia . 2
Dia . 3
Dia . 4
Dia . 5
Average
!Z-Z ~?Z
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1
1
1
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1
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NOTE: All diameters measured in inches.
-------
NOZZLE NUMBER: U>/Z
Da ts
Initials
Dia . 1
Dia . 2
Dia . 3
Dia . 4
Dia . 5
Averag e
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wmopy D-19
NVIRONMEI\rrAU8TS,INC.
-------
NOZZLE NUMBER:
D3 te
Initials
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Dia . 2
t
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-------
NOZZLE NUMBER:
Date
Initials
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Dia . 2
Dia . 3
Dia . 4
Dia . 5
Average
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-------
NOZZLE NUMBER:
Date
Initials
Dia . 1
Dia . 2
Dia . 3
Dia . 4
Dia . 5
Average
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n, */
-------
TEMPERATURE SENSING EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION DATA
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: / DATE: 9 £ CALIBRATED BY: "77
MERCURY-IN-GLASS REFERENCE NUMBER: J2 0 f <2 ^ ^ AMBIENT TEMP.; £
CALIBRAT1ON
SYSTEM USED
POTENTIOMETER
1.D. NUMBER
THERMOCOUPLE/
THERMOMETER
I.D. NUMBER
REFEREIS
THERMON
TEMPERA
Tq (°F)
CE
ETER
lTURE
Tc (°F)
MEAN
TEMPERATURE
OF Hg COLUMN
Tm (OF)
THERMOCOUPLE/
THERMOMETER
TEMPERATURE
Tt (°F)
ATB
<1.5'
;('*< Uj4t
0 0 6 ^
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CORRECTED TEMPERATURE = Tc = TQ + .00009 (TQ-20) (T0-Tm)
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE = AT =» [(TC,°F + 460) - (Tt.°F + 460)] X 100 £1.5%
TC,°F + 480
ENTROPY
-------
TEMPERATURE SENSING EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION DATA
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: DATE : CALIBRATED BY: TT""
MERCURY-IN-GLASS REFERENCE NUMBER; /?£/ ??/ _ AMBIENT TEMP.;
£
CAL1BRAT1 ON
SYSTEM USED
POTENTIOMETER
I.D. NUMBER
THERMOCOUPLE /
THERMOMETER
1.D. NUMBER
REFERENCE
THEHMOKCTER ...
TEMPERATURE
Tq (°F) |tc (°F)
MEAN
TEMPERATURE
OF Hg COLUMN
Tm (OF)
THERMOCOUPLE/
THERMOMETER
TEMPERATURE
Tt (°F)
A
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CORRECTED TEMPERATURE = Tc = TQ +.00009 (TQ-20)(T0~Tm)
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE = AT = [(TC,°F + *6Q) - (Tt,°F + *«o)] X 100 <1 . 3*
TC,°F + 460
D-24
ENTROPY
-------
TEMPERATURE. SENSING EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION DATA
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE : o0 DATE: £ CA1_ IBRATED BY: 7T~
MERCURY- IN-GLASS REFERENCE NUMBER: /^// 5V AMBIENT TEMP.:
& JT
CALIBRATION
POTENTIOMETER
THERMOCOUPLE/
REFERENCE
. MEAN
THERMOCOUPLE/
AT8
SYSTEM USED
I.D. NUMBER
THERMOMETER
THERMOMETER
.TEMPERATURE
THERMOMETER-
~"<1.5
1.D. NUMBER
TEMPERATURE
OF Hg COLUMN_
TEMPERATURE ..
Tq (°F)
Tc (°F)
Tm (°F)
Tt (°F)
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5*1
|.£
• */-
-------
TEMPERATURE SENSING EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION DATA
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: DATE: e3-c3/-^ CALIBRATED BY: 7T
MERCURY-IN-GLASS REFERENCE NUMBER; 1101 IS) AMBIENT TEMP.;
S.
CAL1BRATION
SYSTEM USED
POTENTIOMETER
I.D. NUMBER
THERMOCOUPLE/
THERMOMETER
1.D. NUMBER
REFERO
THEfMO*
TEMPER/
Tq (°F)
ICE
(ETER
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Tc (°F)
MEAN
TEMPERATURE
OF Hg COLUMN
Tm (Op)
THERMOCOUPLE/
THERMOMETER
TEMPERATURE
Tt (°F)
A'
.i1-5
Tc&
far//
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3/
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-------
TEMPERATURE SENSING EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION DATA
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: DATE: q}-QLI'^L CALIBRATED BY: ff
mercury-in-glass reference number
: /4U?Xl
AMBIENT TEMP.:
a
CALIBRAT1ON
SYSTEM USED
POTENT IOMETER
1-D. NLftBER
THERMOCOUPLE/.
THERMOMETER -
1.D. NUMBER
REFEREN
THEIWOM
TEMPERA
T0 (°F)
CE^,_.
ETERz
lTURE
Tc (°F)
MEAN .
TEMPERATURE
OF Hg COLUW4
Tm (OF)
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TEMPERATURE
Tt (°F)
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CORRECTED TEMPERATURE = Tc =¦ T0 + . 000 0# (To-Z0) (TQ-Tm)
Lo Am'
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE =¦ AT
[(Tc,°F + *60) - (Tt>°F + «60)] X 100
-------
TEMPERATURE SENSING EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION DATA
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: Jg. ft DATE : 2.-2 7-&C CALIBRATED BY: ~ //
MERCURY- IN-GLASS REFERENCE NUMBER: /X V ^L AMBIENT TEMP.; L 7
i 5
CALIBRATION
SYSTEM USED
POTENTIOMETER
I.D. NUMBER
THERMOCOUPLE/
THERMOMETER
I.D. NUMBER
REFEREh
THERMOK
TEMPER/
Tq (°P)
ICE
IETER
kTURE
Tc (°F)
MEAN
TEMPERATURE
OF Hg COLUMN
Tm (°F)
THERMOCOUPLE/
"THERMOMETER
TEMPERATURE
Tt (°F)
At
£1.5%
Sor//AJa UUteK-
o o^'
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4-1
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Z/o
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CORRECTED TEMPERATURE = Tc = TQ +-.0000# (To~20) (TQ-Tm)
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE = AT = [(TC,°F + **<>) ~ (Tt>°F + *«<>)] X 100 <1.5%
TC,°F + 480
D-28
EN" ROPY
-------
TEMPERATURE SENSING EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION DATA
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE : 7. V 0 DATE: CALIBRATED BY: // ~~
MERCURY--IN-CLASS REFERENCE NUMBER; / fCs / % ^ / AMBIENT TEMP.: 6) 7
B S
CAL1BRATION
POTENTIOMETER
THERMOCOUPLE/_
-REFERENCE
MEAN
THERMOCOUPLE/
AtB
SYSTEM USED
1.D. NUMBER
THERMOMETER
-THEFMOMETER
TEMPERATURE I
THERMOMETER •'
<1.5
INUMBER
TEMPERATURE
OF Hg COLURM
TEMPERATURE —
TQ (°F)
Tc (°F)
Tm (°F)
r+
*»-s
o
2
OIL'
Oof
v-v
4oO
MlD
IZZ
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3 99
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Ll-t/
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391
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/ 2.2-
3,97
|.qq
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J 99
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t>(l>
if-z.
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3 9!T
lMe,
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l/o3
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0/3
4oo
<4 04
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3
oo r
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7-7
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0/5
7-7
-^0-6
MID
/ 2(7
•Vb
7-7
Uoo
qoq
! 2^
I.OW r
CORRECTED TEMPERATURE - Tc = TQ +- .00009 (TQ-20) (TQ-Tm)
rEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE = AT = [(Tc>°F + *«<>) ~ (Tt,°F + *«0)j X 100
-------
TEMPERATURE SENSING EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION DATA
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: ^ DATE: S" 6' CALIBRATED BY: ~ /T~
MERCURY-IN-GLASS REFERENCE NUMBER: /yr/ AMBIENT TEMP. : (e 7
CAL1BRAT1ON
SYSTEM USED
POTENT1OMETER
I.D. NUMBER
THERMOCOUPLE/
THERMOMETER
I.D. NUMBER
REFERENCE
THERMOMETER
TEMPERATURE
MEAN
TEMPERATURE
OF Hg COLUW4
THERMOCOUPLE/
THERMOMETER
TEMPERATURE
3
J
/. "¦
1
oo ?
1
4-0 0
yid
3 9 7
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t
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L-7
4oo
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318
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400
mo
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0*3
5-/0
ton
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mo
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doc
ll^
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/
39?
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4oo
HlO
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1
nof
4oo
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4oo
l(/d
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V
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l/'O
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H0°t
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46 6
L6H
CORRECTED TEMPERATURE = Tc = TQ + .0000 9 (TQ-20) (T0-Tm)
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE = AT = [(TC,°F + *60) - (Tt,°F + *80)] x 100 <1 . 3*
TC,°F + 460
_ D-30
ENTROPY
-------
TEMPERATURE SENSING EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION DATA
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE : cP- f- DATE: j?" -j/'SL CALIBRATED BY: *~7T
MERCURY-IN-GLASS REFERENCE NUMBER; / %/ % ) AMBIENT TEMP.: L (
•
m o r
//-*
3f
3<-f
6 r
3/
• u
on<~
//-*
3V.
"5^
C, 4
Si
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34
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34
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24
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34
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4-/f
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31
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4-/!
34
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34
6f
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S-/o
34
(o 4
31
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31
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34
4,4
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34
a
3/
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CORRECTED TEMPERATURE » Tc = TQ + .00008 (TQ-20) (Tq"^)
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE = AT = [(TC,°F + *60) - (Tt,°F + 460) ] x 100 <1 . 3%
TC,°F + 460
D-31
ENTROPY
-------
TEMPERATURE SENSING EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION DATA
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE; p? DATE: CALIBRATED BY: //
MERCURY-IN-GLASS REFERENCE NUMBER; g26 /JL AMBIENT TEMP. ; ^
& 5
CALIBRAT1ON
SYSTEM USED
POTENTIOMETER
I.D. NUMBER
THERMOCOUPLE/
THERMOMETER
I.D. NUMBER
REFEREf
THERMO*
TEMPER/
T0 (°F)
CE
1ETER
ITURE
Tc (°F)
MEAN
TEMPERATURE
OF Hg COLUMN
Tm (°F)
THERMOCOUPLE/
THERMOMETER
TEMPERATURE
Tt (°F)
At
<_I.5e.
u \mtf~
coir
d-n
Z/O
IZZ-
2-/3>
. /5
/
oo-r
4-/(
2JC
IZ.Z,
Z/3
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2/3
,/5
//-%
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z/s
,/5
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1-/0
ZlO
ZlZ
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Z/f
,/5
1
0/3
1-/0
Z'O
tsiZ,
/ 2,Z—
2/d
1
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Z/Q
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Z./i_
1
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ZrtO
Isll—
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1
n-o
<2/0
7,1'L-
ti*
ZtZ,
1
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Z/O
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Z-fO
1
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2./ C
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viz.
n 9
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z/o
ziz.
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2-/0
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z/i
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Z/O
?J-^
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Z/O
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2- it
Z^6
ti-u
ft?
Zd
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o /3
sw/
'tils
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Z//
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Z/o
¦^,11,
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V/
o/Z
3-«
2-/0
141,
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Z,/o
'>
OfI
3~0
Z/O
HI,
/n
CORRECTED TEMPERATURE = Tc = T0 + .00009 (To-Z0)(TQ-Tm)
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE = AT = [(Te,°F + *60) - (Tt,°F + A6Q) ] x 100 <1.3%
TC,°F + 460
D-32
ENTROPY
-------
TEMPERATURE SENSING EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION DATA
TOMETRIC PRESSURE : 3tO ¦ 0 o DATE: 3 ~J> tJ' 81 CALIBRATED BY: " //
RCURY-IN-CLASS REFERENCE NUMBER: c2 6 /^ AMBIENT TEMP. : C ^
CAL I BRAT 1 ON
POTENT1OMETER
THERMOCOUPLE/
REFERENCE
MEAN
THERMOCOUPLE/
AT®
I SYSTEM USED
I.D. NUMBER
THERMOMETER
THERMOMETER
TEMPERATURE ¦
THERMOMETER
<1.5*
-
1
1.D. NUMBER
TEMPERATURE
-0 (°T) |tc (°D
OF Hg COLUMN
m (Otm
-m 1 - '
TEMPERATURE
i
diZ/AJc ¦£. I r>~
' o* n
1 o/3
I O ItJ-
-£iL
s~- %
r- y
¦2-/Q
Z/o
Z/Q
Z/a
2/2- I
Z^/-z—I
7/7 I
7/7 I
/<£
-------
TEMPERATURE SENSING EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION DATA
3d. O f) DATE: 3"cP CAL IBRATED BY: *" //
MERCURY-IN-CLASS REFERENCE NUMBER; / 9 (, / / AMBIENT TEMP.; L0
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE:
CALIBRATI ON
SYSTEM USED
~EiZizZ
POTENT1OMETER
1.D. NUMBER
no !
oof
ml
THERMOCOUPLE/
THERMOMETER
I.O. NUMBER
U-d
REFERENCE
THERMOMETER
TEMPERATURE
Tn (°T) (O?)
i
MEAN ^THERMOCOUPLE/
TEMPERATURE THERMOMETER
TEMPERATURE
or Hg column
(°T)
Jl±-
3>J
J^L
22U
J3£_
¦TT1
u y
£
-------
TEMPERATURE SENSING EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION DATA
E [OMETR1C PRESSURE: Jo-DATE : 3-^-U CALIBRATED BY: //
> JCURY-IN-CLASS REFERENCE NUMBER; /n/ g$-/ AMBIENT TEMP. : 6 *>
IAL 1 BRAT 1 ON
POTENT1OMETER
THERMOCOUPLE/
REFERENCE
MEAN
THERMOCOUPLE/
AT8
| SYSTEM USED
1.D. NUMBER
THERMOMETER
THERMOMETER
TEMPERATURE
THERMOMETER .
<1.5*
1.D. NUMBER
TEMPERATURE
OF Hg COLUMN
TEMPERATURE
1
-Q K.I
Tc (°F)
m 1 OT"\
Tt (°F)
Vr 0/^ 1 on i I ^-4 ! Vo6 I H/D 1 120
*£t}C\ 1 /1 / S
\ 007 1 4-4 1 4n o I *///? 1 / / 9
38$ 1-2,-5 3
1 1 ^/.? \ 4-^ l 11 // #
3 1 /. Uf
\ f)/*A 1 4-4 \iAnd 1 UIO 1 ^
1/. Z.6>
1 1 III
1
1 I 1 1 1 I
1
1 1 III
1
1 ! Ill
1
1 1 1 III
1
1 1 III
1
1 1 1 1 N 1
1
1 1 1 III
I
I- 1 III
1
1 1 III
1
1 1 1 III
1
1 1 III
1
1
1 1 1 III
1
1 1 III
1
, 1 1 III
1
I 1 1 III
1
1
III '
1
1 1
1 1 1
1
1 1
1 ! 1
1
1
1 1 1
1
1 1
1 1 1
1
1 ]
1 1 i
1
1
1 1 1
1
1 1
I
1 I 1 III
1
"•3RRECTED TEMPERATURE = Tc = ?0 + . 000 0 9 (To-2 0) (T0-Tffl)
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE » LT = [(Tc,°F - A60) - ~ ^60)] X 100 <1.5%
Tc,°r -r 460
D-35
ENTROPY
-------
TEMPERATURE SENSING EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION DATA
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE: cJ '7-7/1 DATE: S-27-tC. CALIBRATED BY: " // ^
MERCURY- IN-C-ASS REFERENCE NUMBER; /9WZS}
AMBIENT TEMP.: 1°
CALIBRAT1 ON
POTENTIOMETER
THERMOCOUPLE/
REFERENCE
MEAN
THERMOCOUPLE/
ATb
SYSTEM USED
I.D. NUMBER
THERMOMETER
THERMOMETER
TEMPERATURE
THERMOMETER
<1.3*1
I.D. NUMBER
TEMPERATURE
OF Hg COLUMN
TEMPERATURE
-q (°F) |rc (°r)
Tn {°5")
T*. f®*")
ITCm>~\
ZT-
3 ?-
1 3 2-
132
1
76
1±-
Jo_
7o
JUL.
J°T - ^60) - fTt,°T - *60)] X 100 C.5S.
:;,u: T 460
D-36
ENTROPY
-------
TEMPERATURE SENSING EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION DATA
ROMETRIC PRESSURE : qP 9- 7/9 DATE: 3 "g3 CALIBRATED BY: *"//""
RCURY -IN- CLASS REFERENCE NUMBER : r^Lfi/ 3- VS L AMB I ENT TEMP . : (fc/
CALIBRAT1 ON
SYSTEM USED
POTENT1OMETER
1 .3. NUMBER;—;
THERMOCOUPLE/
.-THERMOMETER - -
1.2. NUMBER
REFERENCE
. THERMOMETER r-T-
TEMPERATURE
r0 (°t)|tc{0j)
MEAN
TEMPERATURES
OF Hg COLUMN:
m (Oz*\
•W * * '
THERMOCOUPLE/
THERMOMETER—-
TEMPERATURE:,—
ATB
: <1.5%
T*.
1 Anil;Ale U)a7&/1
00
S-?
2 /B
//?
Ujatz o i*J
2-e 0
JUL
Zi4-
J>oe>/- TbP
&oa I- I^XT7Prv
2>fQ
JjJL
n4
\ 2-/Q
n%
*2,/4
"2-/o
no
lit
j5~ao - TO?
2-/o
AX
z a
j?TZ)Q- /Sg7ro^
V
2'/o
II v
2'3
i
I
CORRECTED TEMPERATURE = Tc = Z0 + . OOOOS (ro~20) (Tq-Tjj,)
TEMPERATURE DIFFERENCE = iT = [CT;.°T - A60) - * *60)] X 100 <1.5*
-C ' -
460
D~37
ENTROPY
-------
TEMPERATURE SENSING EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION DATA
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE : sp 9- *7 / DATE: 3-^7-Ki CALIBRATED By: //
MERCURY- IN-CL ASS REFERENCE NUMBER ; / /a / % 5 / AMBIENT TEMP.; T?$1o
CALIBRAT1 ON
SYSTEM USED
POTENTIOMETER
I.D. NUMBER
THERMOCOUPLE/
THERMOMETER
I.D. NUMBER
REFERENCE
THERMOMETER
TEMPERATURE
MEAN
TEMPERATURE
OF Hg COLUMN
i
THERMOCOUPLE/
/THERMOMETER
1
pXMPERATURE
AT8
<_1.3*
T0 (°T)
rc (°rj
| Tt (°D
/At l oos
s'-ri
!
/!>
Vo 7
U)#TLouJ
JM-
Jr£_
4o4
J£o_
c£.Ot> ! -Tap
tjo 0
//o
l-c3#g» 1>-(Unt>t
Ud o
/r 6
tl ~ @>oTnr\
*JQO
!7rO
do 0
lf^5~0 0- Tor1
L?y?
J Z-o
j? y*?
v
.
-------
Calibration by:
c±_
Standard Meter Number: I D 1 ~!D5~1 Standard Meter Gaiiuna: l-Ddl*-
Date: U - %'jp Barometric Pressure in. Hg
*Date:
*Barometric Pressure (P^):
in. Hg
Standard Meter
Meter Box Metering System
Gas
Volume
ft3
Temp.
Time
(9)
min.
Orifice
Setting
(AH)
in. H20
Gas
Volume
Temp.
°F
Coeff.
(V
Ah8
in. HO
2
S.S72-
12-
IO.Q
0.5 0
5.9 33
~7%
1.
Mk1
1Z
10-0-
0- 6>
3-9SZ
.Wits
1.
1.%lt I
n
10-0
Z. I
7Z-
\0-o
II. 1U%
<\2>
1. Ddl*7
(.
Average
1. 0 6 Z<\
). <-11
* V. * (t, + 460) * P.
Y ds ds __d b
d Vd * + 46°) * (pb + H/13.6)
0.0317 *Ah
Ah
Pb * (td + 450)
(tds + 460) * ©
Y , * V .
ds ds
D-39
ZNTROPY
-------
Calibration by
: I . I
Standard Meter Number: lOllOS~7 Standard Meter Gaiiuna: l.OO"Z-
Date: Barometric Pressure (P^): fL-c\ in. Hg
*Date:
*Barometric Pressure (P^):
in. Hg
Standard Meter
Meter Box Metering System
Gas
Volume
ft3
Temp.
'W
° F
Time
(9)
min.
Orifice
Setting
(AH)
in. H^O
Gas
Volume
\oo
tO.Q
o.So
W. ion
m
1- 0DS
l.frt
B. o?>8
Ur
fn.O
'LAO
8 .ooH
74
/. 01 z
/•
?. OCTb
w
10. o
rZ.io
g.ooL
"7*7
1. 6/5
1.?V
\1.DZZ
w
tn.o
y. XD 1IZ. 03 Z.
80
/. oW
I.?1!
a. on
I#*
(DO
'-fro
IZ.oSil
tl>
I. o /S
1
Average
fhol
Ll°!
y = __Ids_l!ds.:.i!d_:_^°L!-!b
d Vd * (tds + 460) * (Pb + H/13-6)
0.0317 *Ah
Ah *
^ P, * (t, + 460)
D a
(tds + 450) * 9
Y. * V,
ds ds
B-AO
INTROPY
-------
Calibration by: 1 • ~CLU^noS"7 Standard Meter GaSruna: 1- 60 2-
Date: M-i o " %Lp Barometric Pressure (p^)- ."So---, in. Hg
*Date:
~Barometric Pressure (Pb):
in. Hg
Standard Meter
Meter Box Meter
ing System
Gas
Volume
(Vds>
Temp.
Time
(©)
Orifice
Setting
(AH)
Gas
Volume
(vd)
Temp.
^d)
Coeff.
ft3
° F
min.
in. H20
ft3
°F
(Yd»
in. H 0
2
IO-0
O-'oO
"7%
1. 0£>3>
\.n\p
I0.O
O.SD
M.OSI
-lie
1. oo W
l.iS
1AW
I0
-------
Calibration by:
Standard Meter Number: (?9'3 3Z.3 Standard Meter Galnma: I. d
Date: Barometric.Pressure "2-5 . ^fP in. Hg
*Date:
*Barometric Pressure (P^):
in. Hg
Standard Meter
Meter Box Metering System
Gas
Volume
(Vds>
Temp.
'W
Time
(9)
Orifice
Setting
(AH)
Gas
Volume
¦ °\°\\c\
1.753
1. "7*S S
\Z..3S 3
n i
\o-c>
1Z- I
1.
Average
.^13
l.^7U
Y^. * v^. * (t, + 460) * P^
Y ds ds __d b
d Vd * (tds + 460) * (Pb + H/13-6)
0.0317 *Ah
Ah„ *
Pb * (td + 460)
(tds + 46°) * ©
Y , * V .
ds ds
D-42
ENTROPY
-------
CALIBRATION BY:
METER BOX NUMBER: SO -
DATE:
*DATE:
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE ( P^) : 3j\-& 1N- HC
~BAROMETRIC PRESSURE [P
B
IN. HG
STANDARD METER NUMBER: /,<->/>f) T
COEFFICIENT ( YDS
.97
NOMINAL
FLOW
RATE
I Q 1
CFM
STANDARD DRY CAS METER " jMETER BOX METERING SYSTEM
CAS
VOLUME
lVDS>
FT 3
TEMP.
!tds)
°F
TIME
( 0 ]
M IN.
OR IF ICE
SETT ING
( A H)
IN.H20
GAS
VOLUME
FT3
TEMP.
( td )
°F
/-^
(2.. b> 7"
/O -O C>
U-IO
1
76
¦3)^' 1 ^ 7
//) : :
x. \o
*¦ a
*¦ Iff
/r>
X - iD
? • /h
£>- a rt G - S D
/j,. to.is4
\
1
I
AKa
0.031*? • AH
It, * 460) * e~|2
as
ds
* 4*0> * K
v ds ds d b
:<1 v. * It - 460) * tF » AH/U.6)
d os b
NOMINAL
FLOW
RATE
("5]
CFM
METER BOX METERING SYSTEM
FLOW
RATE
(qdJ
CFM
ORIFICE
FACTOR
(OF)
COEFF.
(Yd)
A H @
IN. H 0
Z
/•^
10-99/1 )¦?/$
\0*ffi2 /-Pl^
o. ^
\o.9?<& /.FZ#
0.99S3 /-
-------
CALIBRATION BY:
/My
METER BOX NUMBER:
ML -Z
DATE: 3^/7^
gc,
BAROMETRIC PRESSURE |P
J: 11.W- IN- MC
~DATE:
~aAROMETRIC PRESSURE (P
1
J =
IN. HG
STANDARD METER NUMBER:
m ii 9
>1
COEFFICIENT { Y„«^ J: ,
11VO
NOM t NAL
STANDARD DRY CAS
METER
METER BOX METERING SYSTEM
FLOW
RATE
fa)
GAJS
VOLUME
tVDS>
TEMP.
( 'ds'
TIME
( 9 )
OR1FICE
SETTING
[ Ah)
OAS
VOLUME
IV
TEMP.
I'd )
C~M
FT 3
°F
MIN.
IN.H,0
FT3
° F .
4-. 117
c.'¦?
10: on
o.Cjo
4-, 7.7/7
9^
4.7^7
b9(
lO'.bo
X
4.\TL
' <27
l.ZIk
(rfZ*
iQ:oo
7..LO
lo¦ on
¦z.i
10 >
11. 411
6*
ID: oo
+.«o
f?_. 4--U
!<=•
!n1
19: oo
±.4
1-L.^Ch
NOMINAL
METER BOX METER INC SYSTEM
FLOW
RATE
FLOW
RATE
ORIFICE
FACTOR
(Q)
(qdJ
COEFF.
A H @
CFM
CFM
(OF)
(V
IN. H20
n. \ .\*in
I
0¦
0. °\^Z&\ I. icLH
l.L> 3S
0.
1.7^
0.^3 24 /- 73 2-
"1 2
|
o.o:i7 • tr
-
460) • 1
"1 » • (: » «W)
Td*
*Vd. J
as j
T • V • tt
ds ds
» 4*0)
* ?b
14 V. * U, * 460)
4 4s
4«/ia.6)
AVERAGE
OMll
l/.fc7S
D-44
-------
Dry Gas Meter Identification : b % 3 £• -yz 3
Calibration by:
ML
Date=
•Date: W) - gfr
(Barometric Pressure (Pb): 30 .. 1~t/ iri- "g
'Barometric Pressure (Pb): "1-9in. Ilg
NTRDPY
NVIRaNMEINrrALIBTS,INC.
Approx .
Flow
Fate
(Q)
cfm
Spi rometer
Dry Gas Meter
Pressure
(Ap)
in. 1120
Time
(0)
mi n.
F1 ow
Ra te
(CJ)
c fm
He ter
Meter
coerr.
(Yds)
Avg .
Me ter
Coeff.
<*ds>
Gas
Voluwe
(Vs)
ft3
Temp.
(ts)
°F
Gas
Volume
<\
$2.?
-Zi>b9
*/
.ciD
IS-00
.-&0(o
l-D±o4
%-G £7 ^
ISO!
tfl
.+0
17.. CO
.Tfl!
) J)111
*9 AS)
VO.C
4.17/9
11
p. ftrr
i$. on
4i^9lon
r*r
ftO.G
4.7*70
1&
, K?
10. CO
. -M2l
t .02-lX
4. 4l 1
. srC
(0.00
Aioz
i.Ot 14
U->0
5. ~K
nv.4
±.-ZOfo
iC
l.\0
10. DO
.C2.1l
1-Oll.Z
19.1
£ .nAl^
T1
i.j.DD
.XDC,1
^."2-/4
$0
2^fc^X
<41.1
/£>. 4rll-
*1
4./C
is.on
1.0 4-0
/.P0/4
1D (o C (p
4.1.1
/D^5~l4
4./C
it) qd
1
-------
Dry Gas Meter Identification: J
Calibration by:
M4^
Date:
•Date: ll-Oo
In . Ilg
Barometric Pressure (P5): 3 I ~L^
"Barometric Pressure (Pj,): ~l_fj . $ in. Mg
Entropy
N V1 n a PJ M E rsTTA U B TO, IM c.
Approx .
Flow
Rate
Gas
Volume
(Vs)
ft3
Temp.
(ts)
°F
Gas
Volume
(vds>
ft3
Temp.
11*1
^.4
cl oo?r
£0
C.Cn
(0.09
LIZ-LI
.q0) + ' /
(17-61)
))
(Pb) (Vg)
. + ""J f
-------
Calibration by: f-K
Dry Gas Motor Io
M 0\c
<¦(. OU't.
* o.
0
/£> ¦ O
**'/?/
/ tJOn 1
m . in
Ti. 3
L/. DU 1
$0
o.v^
/o 0
OMol\
1. Olio
^¦1
M. OU> 5
Sfc
d *s>
/c>. 0
PWO^f
1.
u . 0^4-
nc\ i
UOiS
<60
\>i>
/O 6 5
l.ODZS
b .\b> U
L?. oittf
\.1s1S
/£> O
0¦ koif
/. 6^3
La. (01^
Til
U - 0\ 5
0
c) ^iSS
/ . 0//0
0-\O
e. i
n°\.l
~7 . cl'iU>
V 5s
ID-a
n. l*iV'V
i.oCH
?• 13Z-
-rh.n
f. ob 3
*<">
"Z- Mo
to.o
0.7^/3 7
!.0\vl
IN
_ZL3>.
it £
T 'YlCr
^ MS
(O c>
D.T\Z<>
1.VI00
\.o
;o- ii.?
i n l
_%o
ro
-s. *is
10 (_7
0 .*Y\ 0 1
i).
SO
C ^
\o. 0
i . V-c^i 2.
0 • H'132-
\1. "Slr^
¥
i-X-
D
IO O
/. ^cTil
C>.°lrl3S
iz.. ^13
n%,<(
^,174
£-3
to O
1. Z03 1
0. no ^-S
Yds
(Vs) (L(ls + 1160)
(ts ~ l,6n) (pb *¦ ( p /
(rb) (V«)
Q = (17.61)
(ta «- '160) (3)
-------
Dry Gns Meter Identification: Id 170S*7
Da te : Barometric Pressure (Pb):
¦Date: "Barometric Pressure (Pb):
Calibratlon by
in . Ilg
in. Ilg
mttiopy pAO^ Z. e4 t
NVIRONMEWTAUBT8,INC.
Approx.
Flow
Rate
(Q)
cfm
Spi rometcr
Dry Gas McLer
Pressure
(Ap)
in. lljO
Time
(0)
mi n.
Flow
Rate
Gas
Volume
(Vg)
ft3
Temp.
(ts)
°F
Gas
Volume
,-(
nK,H
1 q. Mt/te
~7.Sb>
IDO
1. m tv
1W . 3ci<\
It V
-------
Dry Gas Meter Identification: / O | "7 O 5^~7
Calibration by:
Date: ^ ~ l!~ %*
Temp.
(ts)
Ga 3
Volume
^ds ^
Temp.
Pressure
(A p)
Time
(0)
Flow
Rate
(0)
Meter
Meter
Coeff.
Avg .
Meter
Coeff.
cfm
f t3
°F
ft3
°F
in. H2O
mi n.
c fin
(^ds)
1 ll
is
- 0. 4
I 0 - C-2-
0. 140 5
0.
Q-. SSol
11
Q.. «i 4
1 s
— O, 4
K?. O
0. ?Ll/ka-
-75
- 'S
/«- O
0.^^-7
!
0 . IcpO
• 2-4-7-7
n°i
IS
-l.s
to.o
O. tfO~i 2.
o.qw*.
• an3
C>. '331
nip
-I.S
ID -O
0. 2^7
o.<\-im
~74
^ 6-
-
- 2-. 4
10-O
0.-79^
0. hi-iy
did
0.0
1. Cioi,
o.°i'TZ°i
•
Y j =
(Vs> (tds + '(60) (Pb)
D -
( 17 fill 1
(P5>
n/,„i ft.. + nfin) (ph + ( p / 13.6))
(ts + '(60) (9)
-------
Dry Gas Meter Identification: 101 ^7Q5>~7
2—- 11 - &lo Barometric Pressure (P^)
"Barometric Pressure (Pj})
Da te
*Da te
Calibration by:
in. Ilg
in. Hg
IMTROPY
NVIRDNMENTALIBTBjINC.
Approx .
Flow
Rate
(Q)
c fm
spirometer $ 2-t£0'2.
Dry fins Meter
Prcssure
(A p)
in. II2O
Time
(0)
min.
Flow
Ra te
(Q)
c fm
Me ter
Meter
Coeff.
(Yds)
Avg .
Meter
CoefT.
-
iO.O
1. 1 ^14
O•<11^0
1. Llo
H. 14 43
il
14. ^ Z-l
lb
-
lO-O
£• Hi Ul
in
1 4- °H9
1 Cp
-
lO, O
D. 0|7€S
1 M. "Jz-U I
ii
iq.
1(p
-US
\O.D
1.1^11
c. ^ 1 llci
\ #
Yx-
J
> - ^
). f
? xn
Cx V w
~ V—
(V3) )
0 = ( 17.6M)
(Pbj (V3)
(l.a ~ '160) (9)
-------
Date: G> -2>& " Time: /3 /OO
Client: 1£imK Auditor: Ay S
P^ar* in. Hg. Meter Box No.: rp?ftC-~3
AH0: /,£>8 Pretest Y: (bPfr \1
<2
Orifice
gauge
reading
A Hg
in. H^O
Dry gas
meter
reading
¦ v./v
ftj
Meter
Tenroeratures
Duration
Of
run
0
min.
VTf
/. 68
?06.3oo
q°i / q:f
10
IMS.1HH
U3/9>
Dry Gas
meter
volume
V
m
ft3
Meter
temperature
average
t
m
°F
Pretest
Y
0.97Y
1.03Y
Calculated
Y
c
Audit
0.97Y < Y < 1.03Y
Acceptable
T-.z+i
0.^8^3
l&l
I.G2.I
Calculated Y
c
10
[0.0319 (tm + 460)"
1/2
10
ro.03i9( to\ «¦ 460)1
1/2
V
m
P.
bar
( w.?z. )
Figure Meter box audit.
D-51
-------
Date: £ - 2 £ - Time: )64£ - )0S^
Client: 'J)QAuditor: S £ f7
^bar*: ? *9 ¦ 9 2. in. Hg. Meter Box No.: N ~ ^
AHg,: /. ^ / 4 Pretest Y: / .£? D 2- 4
Orifice
gauge
reading
A H„
in. H^O
Dry gas
meter
reading
Vv?
ft*
Meter
Temperatures
Duration
of
run
0
min.
VTf
I- J/f
7/^. loo
V2
10
ro
Dry Gas
meter
volume
V
Meter
temperature
average
t
m
r
Pretest
Y
0.97V
1.03Y
Calculated
Y
c
Audit
0.97Y < Y < 1.03Y
Acceptable
2
<6 I
0. ^9252^
/. o2+£0 3^
f' #3^472
Calculated Y
c
10
rO.0319 (tm * 460)"
1/2
10
ro.03i9( + 460)1
1/2
V
m
P.
bar
( l.tesh
< ]
Figure 4. Meter box audit.
D-52
-------
Date: (£> - Z b" - 8(3 Time: I \ •g>°
Client: 1;MIS ~ ue.\e>^ Auditor:
P, : .29.^?"5~ in. Hg. Meter Box No.: ^
bar
AHn: I."3-^ Pretest Y: |.C>|
@
Orifice
gauge
reading
AHg
in.
Dry gas
meter
reading
Vvf
ftj
Meter
Temperatures
Duration
of
run
0
min.
VTf
i.TJ
32\.c> o&
10
38
-------
Date: Co-7J& 'S6s> Time: 11 '-OS
Client: Auditor: X). (ZiTCJAt EI
'2^.72- in. Hg. Meter Box No.: /y] - 7
AH^: 1.7^ Pretest Y: /.Qj
Orifice
gauge
reading
4 "a
in. H^O
Dry gas
meter
reading
Vvf
ftj
Meter
Temperatures
Duration
of
run
0
min.
VTf
/. 7e>
lOO. SUT^
S3"
10
L33.DO&
<3o"
Dry Gas
Meter
meter
temperature
Pretest
Calculated
Audit
volume
average
Y
Y
0.97Y < Y < 1.03Y
V
m 3
ft3
t
m
°F
0.97Y
Acceptable
1.03Y
7.55f
e>2_
i.oie>
Calculated Y
c
10
rO.0319 (tm + 460)"
1/2
10
[0.0319( 32- + 460)1
1/2
V
m
P.
bar
(7.55*4")
( )
Figure 4. Meter box audit.
D-54
-------
Date: - "2M> - &L? Time: //•'3O
Client: Auditor: 2). &iTCjH1£
Pbar>: 20?. 7 "2^ in- Hg. Meter Bpx No.: AJ-/7
AH^: /.7^ Pretest Y: £>.*33/3
Orifice
gauge
reading
AHa
in. H^O
Dry gas
meter
reading
Vvf
ft3
Meter
Temperatures
Duration
of
run
0
min.
Ti/Tf
ttU
\es.u>(*z~
10
/gs./^
Dry Gas
meter
volume
V
m 3
ft"5
Meter
temperature
average
t
m
°F
Pretest
Y
0.97Y
1.03Y
Calculated
Y
c
Audit
0.97Y < Y < 1.03Y
Acceptable
7.
32°
0.9
l.oiS
I .Oil £>
Calculated Y
c
10
["O.O319 (tm + 460) "
1/2
10
ro.o3i9( ^>2 + 4b0)i
1/2
V
m
P.
bar
( 7. S&>)
( zs.72^ )
Figure 4. Meter box audit.
D-55
-------
ly1 T / / /
htf/i JdP-Ts
JlAU&ZATlbU OF PK&PJELLLEFL AtiEMDMETERS -£,'/8~3L
XZ-
Au^kqmbtei^^l
KPM's MdltageChv) °^.^%i/).
250 zz.r„r>
I /2r>^> 332L 3.(^1
/5QO 4-1S ___ 3.6/
JSoo Sod 3.Q>o
!
A MBMOMETZJZ #= 2.
RPM'* \/pL-rA^,^/^v) <*r»?>m/rt?)
Soo 2.5O _ 3.&Q
12.00 332, 3.67
15do 4-1U 3. (o I
l&QD Soo 3>.leO
-<= 3.&1
„ AhEMDMETEZ ^3
RPtf'^> S/qlta&e 6*>v)
3^ 25Q 3.^£>
/ZdP 333 3.6£
!SOn 4-11* 3.L1
/Boo Soo ~3.Ce>Q
~~ 3. CpO>
D-56
-------
Caurratiom c>f Propeller AUEMorfaTBRS c-fB-Bc,
! :£>£_
{
J A ueMometex. & 4-
]
i
J
I gPM's Vn/.-r/^g/^v") ^C^/mv)
9oo ?4S 3.CJ-b
/ZjDO
33/
3.63
ISOO
4/3
3.63
/o
3. C?C>
i
i
I Zoo
331
3.63
i
!
iSOO
4-11
3.65
I
|
/3oo
3.64-
1 cx^3.C> 3
j
Tufz Maria&iutV of 77/E. Re^ult^ Lf{B' Ad. ^
or 3.&D ^/m V _£hgo_lZL-B-^L&_EZ>___F0R_____ ALU F/y^
D-57
-------
ID,
Tests
QUEg^
jgr-CJ*i,
a
£.2
O- 3 0r
O. 3
Q>. 3 0r ~ £AT
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-------
*jrf) .i .C£ovJ~*
Cali brat i on
of
Two Standard Simplex Pitot Tubas (WF 6 (PFA 233B) and WF6A)
f or
Environmantal Systems Corporation
Knoxvilli, Tinncisai
Two 6-ft. long standard Simplex tubas (WF 6 and WF 6A) were
calibrated at two spaada batwaan 7 and 10 fps in a 24-in.
spiral—rivatad pipa lina (tuba lengths ara approximata). Tha
lina has a 30-foot tast taction of 24-inch aaamlaaa steal pipa
whose thicknaas is 3/6 inches and whoae internal diameter at the
traverse location is 1.937B ft (based on a aeries Df eight
internal diametral measurements at tha traveraa location). Water
was pumped through the pipe line by means of a 20 x 20-in.
centrifugal pump driven by a 200 HP synchronous motor running at
600 rpm.
The actual flow rate was obtained volumetrical1y by timing the
riaa of a float gaga in a tank which had a uniform area of 199.7
sq.ft. The elapaad time was indicated by means of a digital
stop watch reading to 0.01 sec. Rise distances of B to 9 ft were
employed. Horizontal and vertical traverses were taken at a test
station some 97 ft downstream from a long radius bend with rough
turning vanes and some 14 ft upstream from another bend. Two
eats of traverse ports are available! for normal length tubas,
truely vertical and horizontal traverses can be made) for tubes
of extended length, the "vartical" port is 20 degrees off from
true vertical so as to allow the tube to extend into a 5-ft deep
channel while the "horizontal" port is 100 degrees from true
vertical ao as to allow the tube to clear other laboratory
pipes. The former ports were used in these calibrations. Each
traverse consisted of velocity readings at 17 points. The Pitot
tube positions tabulated and used in plotting the accompanying
graphs are based on the distance of the impact hole of the Pitot
from the pipe wall on the far side Df the pipa from the
attachment device. Pressure differentiala were obtained with a
differential pot—type manometer using carbon tetrachloride as
the gage fluid) these observations were read in feet, tenths,
and hundreths. In obtaining manometer differentials, it was
necessary to average the fluctuations over a period of time
(usually a minute or so).
The calibration coefficients have been evaluated both in terms
of a pipe velocity based on the actual pipe area and on an area
rsrrsctcu fur the blockage effects of the Pitot tube. The area
of the pipe at the test section was evaluated to be 2.9493
sq.ft. The area of the Pitot tube exposed to the flow when
inserted to each reference position was calculated (sea attached
blockage calculation sheet). The average of these areas (0.0301
sq.ft. for PFA 233B) has been taken as the blockage area. The
let area of the pipe for this Simplex was, therefore, Anet ¦=
2.9493 — 0.0301 ¦ 2.9192 sq.ft. The net pipe velocity would be
ihe total flow rate as measured volumetrical1y divided by this
D-60
-------
areaj ¦>0>t Vnet ¦ Q/Anet ¦ 30.2027/2.9172 - 10.3461 fps for the
trtvtrati at the. largest -flow rate. The nominal valoclty for'
this flow rata Mai Vnom ¦ 30.2027/2.9493 ¦ 10.2406 fps.
The gaga raadlngt, the valocitln calculated therefrom, and
~thar partinant information from tha tait runs ara tabulated on
the accompanying data sheets and computer printouts. The average,
indicated velocity from the Pitot tube Mas calculated by
averaging tha fourtnen velocities determined at the mid-areas of
equal-area annuli (values at traverse locations lf 9, and 17,
not at mid-areas, Mare excluded). These experimental points were
plotted and a smooth curve Mas drawn throughthem.Thesecurves
appear in the accompanying figures. Where any of the
experimental points deviated substantially from this smooth
curve (usually Mhere there is evidence of vibration), a velocity
value from the smooth curve was substituted for the indicated
velocity. These values are also listed on the data (computer)
sheets as adjusted velocities.
The procedure for averaging the velocity values at equal area
innuli is in accord Mith an accepted procedure (cf, the ABliE
report of Fluid Meters). The procedure for substituting curve"
¦values for indicated values is based on the following line of
reatoningt Manometer readings, at locations Mhere tube vibration
or other flow abnormalities occur, can and do vary considerably
I from normal values. When the tube is vibrating, the manometer
readings usually increase. Inclusion of these higher values in
the coefficient calculations reduces the tube coefficient below
that which would obtain without the vibration. Gince vibration
fcf the tube depends on many factors (tube extension, flow
Velocity, packing stiffness, mass and elastic characteristics of
the rod, flow fluctuation severity, etc.) and since in field use
ajthese factors could well come together differently than in the
¦calibration runs, it is felt that such readings should be
Replaced with values taken from the smooth curve through the
ooints free of vibration or other abnormalities. From many,
Bnany previous calibration runs using this test station, the
general shapes of the velocity profiles, modified by Pitot tube
blockage, are wel.l known.—Accordingly, the—smooth-curves — (drawn—
gnoring "contaminated" values) can be produced with quite a
iigh degree of confidence. At the same time, it must be stated
that not all velocity determinations suspected on the basis of
actile and/or audible signals of being influenced by vibration
urn out to deviate significantly from the smooth curve drawn
hrough the mean of the points. Contrariwise, when there is no
tactile or audible evidence, it is not assured that the tube is
ibration free and the velocity points might register higher
han normal on the velocity profile. In the case of the present
tests, tactile and audible evidence of vibration did appear at
any of the traverse positions Mhen testing these unreinforced
inplsxss. In fact, for Tube 6A, when the tube Mas extended
OMards the opposite Mall, the vibrations became quite violent.
net adjusted coefficient has been calculated using the
Adjusted traverse velocities and the average pipe velocity based
on the pipe area corrected for Pitot tube blockage. This
¦calibration coefficient is calculated by dividing the net pip*
B*«locity determined volumetrical1y (10.3461 fps for the example
case shown above) by the average adjusted Pitot tube velocity as
follows* C ¦ 10.3461/12.4165 m 0.6333 (horizontal high velocity
D-6]
-------
:r*vcrsc -for PFA 2336 (WF6). In the writtr '¦ vitM, a coefficient
>ased on adjusted Pitot velocities and a pipe velocity -corrected
or blockage must be used for interpreting measurement• made in
lipes of other sizes. The following table summarizes the
calculation of the coefficients.
4 second method of interpreting the data which accounts for
3itot tube blockage in each individual velocity determination is
^resented in Appendix A. This method allows the velocity profile
to be plotted free, so to speak, of blockage effects. The
profile® shown on the accompanying graph(s) are skewed because
af the presence of the rod and concomitant flow blockage. With
this second Interpretation, this skewedness can be effectively
-emoved. As can be seen in the summary tables, the coefficients
are little affected.
3ased on the traverses at velocities between 7 and 10 fps, the
coefficient recommended for use with standard Simplex tube PFA
233B is 0.B466, for PFA (WF6A), it is 0.B52A. In using
these values, the flow area should be taken as corrected for
Pitot blockage (with tube extended halfway across the pipe or,
more precisely, using an average of the blocking areas figured
for each reference position. Bee attached sheets and the BASIC
computer program for blockage calculations). If either the
nominal or corrected average coefficients are used, the
appropriate methods must be used to determine the average
indicated or corrected velocity as well as the nominal pipe
veloci ty.
It should be noted that both of these Simplex tubes calibrated
on the high side of many Simplex calibrations. Exactly the same
procedures are employed in each test. The reason why some tubes
calibrate high, some low, some average is not known. Quite
possibly, slight differences in geometric configuration are
responsible. There is also the possibility that there is a
definitive variation of coefficient with pipe velocity. In
general, the coefficient of a wel1-designed Pitot tube is
velDeity-invariant, unless wide ranges in velocity are
considered. In our calibration of Simplex tubes, the
coefficient usually appears to decrease with increase in pipe
velocity although the variation is never very large — a band of
plus or minus one percent contains most of the data points. In
these present calibrations, there was a consistent trend in this
same direction. The direction of traverse, whether vertical or
horizontal, did not seem to be a crucial factor in the
calibrations.
Recently, a calibration test of a reinforced Simplex gave a
rather clear indication as to a possible reason why some tubes
give higher coefficients. At the request of a client who was
ou»«r ving Liife calibrations and to eliminate the necessity of
moving the Simplex rod inside the reinforcing tube, a long IB to
20 in. nipple was put between the valve and the Pitot. This
nipple was some ordinary schedule pipe found in the laboratory.
During the course of the calibrations, when the Pitot was taken
in and out of the test pipe, the forces of tightening the nipple
caused the nipple to distort. By the end of the calibration the
nipple was quite bent and showed it. When the results were
analyzed, it was found that the coefficient increased gradually
and consistently as time of day progressed or as the pipe Mas
-------
becoming mor
ling a h«
•libratlon was right
_he sams situation did
and more distorted. When we retested
vy ichtdulc nipple of the mam*
average of many tacts.
tha sama tuba
langth, tha
at tha avaraga o-f many tests. To be sura,
not obtain in these present calibrations
with regard to a long nipple. However« th
ould be obtained with a standard
directly across
soma-—chord—-of
circle.
od was bent so that it did not traverse
pipe on a diameter but -went—off
ross-sectional
, unv ¦iine type of result
unreinforced Simplex if its
on
the
-t he-
Si gni
M. E.CIark
Table. Calculation Df Pitot Coefficients
Standard Simplex PFA 2336 (WF 6)<6 ft. long)
Traverse Horiz. Vert. Horiz. Vert.
Nom Velocity
Q/Apipe fps 7.273 7.273 10.241 10.241
Ave Ind Vel 6.773 6.602 12.627 12.427
Nom Ind C 0.6291 0.6456 0.6110 0.6240
Ave Nom Ind C 0.6274
Net Velocity
Q/Anet fps 7.346 7.348 10.346 10.346
Ave AdJ Vel 6.657 6.463 12.416 12.346
Net Adj C 0.6466 0.6662 0.6333 0.6360
Ave Net Adj C 0.6466
Ave Corr Vel 6.566 6.394 12.266 12.216
Corr Adj C 0.6491 0.6665 0.6335 0.6383
Ave Corr Adj C 0.846B
Apipe »2.9493 sq.ft. Anet ¦ 2.9192 sq.ft.
D-63
-------
Tabla. Calculation of Pitot Coifficienta
Standard Simplex PFA
Norn Velocity
Q/Apipa fpa
Ave Ind Vel
Norn Ind C
Av« Nom Ind C
Net Velocity
Q/Anet fpa
Ave Adj Vel
Net Adj C
Ave Net Adj C
Ave Corr Vel
Corr Adj C
Ave Corr Adj C
Apipe
Horiz. Vert.
7.273 7.273
B.B56 B.731
0.7966 0.B159
7.350 7.350
B.703 B.673
0.8445 0.B474
B.610 B.5B1
0.B447 0.B477
2.9493 sq.ft. Am
-------
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-------
APPENDIX E.
MRI PROCESS DATA
E-l
-------
E-2
-------
Date
Time
OBSERVATIONS DURING TESTS
Description
06/23/86 10:50 a.m. Begin pinching water in risers 5 and 6.
11:45 a.m. Begin No. 7 riser water flow measurement.
15:45 p.m. Turned on CUP tower riser cell to achieve
<9,400 gal/min in riser No. 7. Unable to
use valving on 4, 5, and 6 to reduce flow to
less than 9,200 gal/min in No. 7 riser.
16:46 p.m. ESC indicated a centerpoint velocity reading
in riser No. 7 of 17.5 to 18 in.
16:50 Set up particle sizing experiment on fan cell
No. 13. (Front cell of riser No. 7).
06/24/86 8:00 a.m. ESC indicates waterflow in riser No. 7 at
-8,600 gal/min (96 percent of design flow).
8:30 a.m. ESC indicates waterflow in riser No. 4 at
-8,500 gal/min.
9:25 a.m. Start Test No. 1.
11:30 a.m. Complete walk-through by MRI and ESC personnel
of even number fan cells and cell No. 13.
Cell No. 13 showed some leakage from
distribution deck to fan side of drift
eliminator.
12:30 p.m. Stop Test No. 1.
12:58 p.m. Start Test No. 2.
14:00 p.m. ESC rechecked waterflow in riser No. 7 and
found flow to be 7,500 gal/min (85 percent
of design). Reason for the variation is not
known. Will reset riser Nos. 5 and 6 after
test completed.
Leakage into No. 13 cell downstream of DE will
be repaired June 25 while riser Nos. 5 and 6
are tested. Another riser cell will be
turned on to accept additional flow.
15:15 p.m. Stop test No. 2.
15:30 p.m. Inspected the riser cells to check for visible
windage loss. None detected. Previous a.m.
checks indicated no windage loss.
E-3
-------
TEST 3
Date Time Description
06/25/86 8:00 Tower and pumphouse walk-through. Conditions
looked normal—pump pressure slightly higher
at 78; basin temperature lower at -84°F.
Riser cell No. 6 = 8,500 gal/min at 8:30.
Cell No. 13 being repaired. Fan and H20 off
distribution decks; look good.
8:35 Gave Entropy "GO".
9:14 Start Test No. 3.
10:15 Change trains.
10:30 No. 8 south fan back on.
10:45 Confirmed trains back up.
11:00 Scatter in north basin temp.
-------
TEST 4
Date Time Description
06/25/86 12:15 Wet well -temperature = 92.5°F. -Should be 90-
to 91°F. Bruce Wrinkle called for
adjustment (add 2 fans on north bank)
otherwise H20 flow would change.
12:22 Start Test 4.
12:55 Asked for more cooling in north basin.
13:25 Checked the distribution.
13:50 Asked Bruce Wrinkle to check distribution on
riser No. 5. Bruce Wrinkle agreed that it
was somewhat out of balance but not enough
to change during a test (50 min to go).
14:00 Pointed out to Bruce Wrinkle that to H20
press, dropped from -80 to -74 over course
of day—okay since no major change in H20
flow—informed plant that circular charts
for today were mislabeled pumphouse "C-633"
instead of C-637.
E-5
-------
TEST 5
Date Time Description
06/26/86 8:30 Entropy says that flow on riser No. 4 on
Tuesday, June 24, was 8,400 gal/min. No
need to retest on Friday.
8:00 Walk-through—all systems go. Measured RCW
return water temperature at -134°F.
8:20 Flow = -8,300 gal/min—gave Entropy "go."
8:25 Start
8:30 Wet well temp starting to rise—all fans off
in north loop—asked for cooling in north
basin—turned on two fans.
9:40 Talked to Beth Elliott, plant escort. She
escorted Ken Hennon and Fred Hopkins,
MRI/CTI during efficiency tests on C-637 in
fall of 1985—1 could probably obtain data
from these tests.
10:40 Spot checked basin temperature in chemical
addition pit = 89°F by CTI thermometer
10:50 Switch to Nos. 4 and 7 risers.
11:35 Wet well temperature dropping fast (2°F in
45 min) adjust in north bank—drop
corresponds to increase in makeup H20—
increase in makeup is automatic because of
basin level—turned off fan in north loop
and increased wet well temperature.
11:50 Some H20 cascading in both cells Nos. 13 and
14—called Rod and agreed to proceed on
Nos. 13 and 14 after temperature lines out.
12:15 Flow in riser No. 4 -9,000 gal/min—asked
plant to pinch down on No. 4 which should
also raise flow in riser No. 7; some doubt
as to whether valve on No. 4 is operable.
(continued)
E-6
-------
TEST 5 (continued)
Date Time Description
12:30 Temperature in wet well lining out—noticed.
increase in loop G basin temperature,
probably due to shutting off fan in north
loop.
12:40
Parameters look to be within range for "go".
-------
TEST 6
Date Time Description
06/26/86 Flow in 7 = 8,300 flow, in 4 = 9,000
Pinched valve on No. 4 5-turns; flow in 4 =
8,900
13:00 Told plant to pinch 4 another 5 turns and then
gave Entropy "go" to test—ESC will run full
traverse on Nos. 4 and 7 during test.
Makeup H20 flow is decreasing and wet well
temperature is increasing. Will want to
activate fan in north loop during the
test.
The test is being made with a small amount of
H20 cascading in cell Nos. 13 and 14—poor .
H20 distribution on No. 14 deck.
13:12 Start
13:25 Fan Nos. 9 and 10 turned on. Gave Bruce
Wrinkle list of needed data: (a) chem
addition; (b) lab results; (c) weather data;
CTI report; and (d) correction factors for
circular charts. Everything possible to Joe
Hennon by 11:00 a.m., June 27, and remainder
to be mailed to Rodney Gibson.
13:30 ESC reports 8,600 gal/min on riser No. 4 (full
traverse).
13:40 Walk-through on top—no change.
14:00 ESC reports 8,300 gal/min on riser No. 7.
E-8
-------
TEST 7
Date Time Description
06/27/86 7:30 Arrive plant—process appears normal. Walk-
through top side—okay.
8:15 ESC reports 8,332 gal/min—gave Entropy
"go."
8:23 and Start
8:29 Small amount H20 cascading in Nos. 13 and 14.
-------
TEST 8
Date Time Description
06/27/86 11:15 Start
12:32 Stop
E-10
-------
MFI-IOB
(10-031
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
NOAA
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE
SURFACE WEATHER OBSERVATIONS
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-------
APPENDIX F.
TEST PARTICIPANTS AND OBSERVERS
F-l
-------
-------
SAMPLING PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS AND OBSERVERS
Name
Organization
Responsibility
Dan Bivins
EPA, Emission Measurement Branch
EPA Task Manager
Barry F. Rudd
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc.
Project Coordinator
D. Dwain Ritchie
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc.
Sampling Team Leader
Stephen S. Helms
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc.
Sampling Team Leader
Daniel J. Swart
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc.
Sampling Technician
Robert W. Bridges
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc.
Sampling Technician
W. Kent Spears
Entropy Environmentalists, Inc.
Sampling Technician
Carl Wilbur
Environmental Systems Corporation
ESC, Technical Director
Brian Margetts
Environmental Systems Corporation
Field Engineer
John Lewis
Environmental Systems Corporation
Field Engineer
Rodney Gibson
Midwest Research Institute
Process Monitoring
Joe Hennon
Midwest Research Institute
Process Monitoring
R. Bruce Wrinkle
Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc.
Facility Contact
Stan Cook
Kentucky Department for Natural
Resources and Environmental
Protection
Observer
F-3
-------
— 1
DATE DUE
-------
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