HEALTH IMPACTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN
ENERGY-DEVELOPMENT IMPACTED COMMUNITIES
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Based on a Report Prepared for the Office of Energy Activities
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Region VIII
Denver, Colorado 80203
Under Contract No. 68-01-1949
N. L. Hammer, Project Officer
By
COPLEY INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
7817 Herschel Avenue
La Jolla, California 92038
January 1977
V
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0(11
rm
HEALTH IMPACTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION IN ENERGY-DEVELOPMENT
IMPACTED COMMUNITIES
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Based on a Report Prepared for the
Office of Energy Activities
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Region VIII
Denver, Colorado 80203
Under Contract No. 68-01-1949
N.L. Hammer, Project Officer
By
COPLEY INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
7817 Herschel Avenue
La Jolla, California 92038
January 1977
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Illl
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION 1
BACKGROUND 3
THE STUDY AREA 7
APPRAISAL OF CURRENT HEALTH IMPACTS 11
ADEQUACY OF AVAILABLE HEALTH INFORMATION 19
HEALTH EFFECTS RESULTING FROM DEVELOPMENT OF
ENERGY RESOURCES 29
CONSIDERATIONS IN PROVIDING HEALTH SERVICES 33
PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATING HEALTH EFFECTS 35
RECOMMENDATIONS 39
PROJECT PARTICIPANTS 41
APPENDIX A - LIST OF ENERGY-DEVELOPMENT IMPACTED
COMMUNITIES 43
APPENDIX B - NAMES OF COMMUNITIES LISTED, BY STATES, IN
GROUPINGS OF SIGNIFICANTLY IMPACTED, MODERATELY
IMPACTED, AND POTENTIALLY IMPACTED AS A
RESULT OF ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS
ATTRIBUTABLE TO ENERGY DEVELOPMENTS 49
APPENDIX C - OFFICES, AGENCIES, RESPONSIBLE OFFICIALS
AND OTHER SOURCES OF DATA RELATED TO
HEALTH EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE
DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY RESOURCES 55
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iiii
INTRODUCTION
This summary is the condensation of a report prepared by Copley
International Corporation under contract with the Environmental Protection
Agency, Office of Energy Activities, Denver, Colorado. The work that pro-
vided the basis for this report was designed to assist EPA in evaluating the
environmentally-related health impacts associated with developing energy
resources in Federal Region VIII. This Region consists of the states of
Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming.
The following specific tasks were performed between January 5 and
September 5, 1976, in accomplishing this work:
Means were explored for appraising the current extent of health
impacts in affected communities.
The scope and adequacy of pertinent health information available
in state repositories was determined and readily available material
was summarized and evaluated.
The potential health impacts resulting from development of energy
resources were identified and evaluated.
Approaches and economic considerations in providing health services
in communities affected by energy developments were defined.
Formats and protocols were developed for collecting and consolidating
data needed for adequate planning to prevent or reduce adverse health
effects related to energy developments.
Results of these activities are summarized in subsequent sections of this report.
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Illl
BACKGROUND
The rapid initiation and expansion of energy-development activities,
beginning in the early 1970's, have a profound effect on the environment and
and lives of citizens in the Mountain Plains Region. Many of the adverse
effects have been reflected in health-related impacts associated with com-
munity environmental services. These impacts affect health of residents
in the community and the availability of personal health services to the com-
munity. The intensity of the effects and inherent ability of communities
promptly to cope with potentially detrimental conditions usually has been
related inversely to the size of the community affected. Public officials in
the Region generally have dealt for the past two decades with problems as-
sociated with declining populations. They have not faced problems resulting
from expanding populations and rapid industrial growth.
The communities that first experienced impacts from development of
energy resources usually had little advance notice of the pending development
and scant experience that provided bases for effective response. Guidelines
for anticipating potential problems, developing plans, and initiating appropri-
ate action generally were not available. In many communities, long entrenched
attitudes and patterns of living were related to nonindustrial activities and to
preservation of existing environmental conditions. The prevalent value systems
generally were not compatible with the initial manifestations of activities asso-
ciated with development of energy resources. Newcomers frequently were
dissatisfied with community services and became frustrated or resigned to
adjustment for a temporary stay. A sense of belonging to the community
generally was not sought by them or fostered by the established residents.
For these and many other reasons, a wide spectrum of health-related prob-
lems soon emerged.
The sequential repetition or concurrence of causes and effects can
easily be visualized: population influx, depletion of available housing, ac-
quisition of mobile and temporary housing, inadequate water supply and se-
wage disposal, deterioration of environmental hygiene, increase in disease,
unmet demand for medical services, and so on. Overt contamination of the
environment occurred in some areas because of inadequate sewage and solid
waste disposal. Substantial increases, as much as ten-fold, in the use of
community mental health services have been documented. This most likely
reflects the reactions to stressful living conditions. Communities, institutions,
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industry, individuals, and other components of society reacted, and the resulting
interventions prevented or aborted many potentially untoward conditions. Local
resources usually were severely taxed.
At various points in the course of events, the individual states and com-
munities, agencies of the Federal government, industries, and other organizations
became involved. They provided the initiative to develop competence for planning
community services in the areas adversely affected by development of energy re-
sources. These efforts have made substantial contributions toward formulating
solutions for existing problems and in preventing occurrence or worsening of
others. As a result, more orderly arrangements have been made for working
relationships between industry, state and Federal governments, communities,
and other concerned organizations. Some states have enacted legislation regu-
lating the siting of major facilities. Among other effects, this assures more
adequate lead time for planning and promotes regulation of other factors to re-
duce the extent of impact. Assistance programs now are better defined, although
much apparently still needs to be done along this line.
Guidelines are being formulated for planning to deal with the special aggre-
gation of problems relating to impacts of energy developments. Such guidelines
already are available locally for some functional areas, e.g., housing, law en-
forcement, health, and education. An indication of the improved competence, and
confidence, in some communities is indicated by the optimism with which further
local energy developments are viewed. Some communities have weathered the
initial impacts and now have planning organizations staffed and operating. Com-
munity resources have been augmented or developed to meet current and antici-
pated needs, and the prevalent community attitude indicates willingness or enthu-
siasm to accept further growth. In some instances there is local opposition to
developing new communities to serve energy developments. This may occur
where the development sites are within commuting distance of established com-
munities that have experienced and solved problems associated with similar
activities. The apparent concensus is that the established communities should
share the perceived advantages of the new industrial enterprise.
The advances in coping with impacts attributable to energy developments
do not suggest that all, or even a substantial body, of such problems have been
solved. Some communities that first experienced significant impacts are facing
worsening conditions because of additional developments in their commuting
area. "Front-end" funds for planning and physical developments often are diffi-
cult to come by, although some states do have various forms of severance taxes,
plans for prepayment of taxes, or other means for providing such funds. Uncer-
tainties about plans of developers, cancellation and rescheduling of projects,
judicial delays, jurisdictional disputes, and other circumstances discourage or
preclude advance planning in some areas. For a variety of other reasons re-
lating to traditions of local government, some communities cannot undertake
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planning far enough in advance of initiating energy developments to make the
process effective in reducing or preventing predictable adverse impacts. In
a few situations, the prevalent concensus is that the development should not
happen and the community should not do anything about it.
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iiii
THE STUDY AREA
A total of 212 impacted communities, or other local political jurisdic-
tions, were identified during the course of this study. (See Appendix A.)
The number constantly is growing as additional developments are activated.
Also, some affected communities may not have come to the attention of the
project team. The approximate geographic location of the communities
identified are indicated in Figure 1. The number of communities by counties
is shown in Figure 2.
The population of the majority of communities involved in this study
was less than 1,000 persons. More than 80 percent had less than 2,500
residents.
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iiii
APPRAISAL OF CURRENT HEALTH IMPACTS
Unfavorable conditions in the impacted communities readily are
apparent by subjective observation. However, procedures and data re-
quirement for assessing health impacts associated with development of
energy resources are not adequately defined. Objective, quantitative
assessment of conditions is essential to establishing priorities for re-
medial or preventive actions within communities. Such assessment also
is required for comparing the extent of need among communities. Conse-
quently, exploratory efforts have been made to determine the usefulness
of specific indicators of adverse conditions and to define the needs for
additional types of data. In this connection, the Mountain Plains Federal
Regional Council conducted surveys to secure available data for calendar
years 1974 and 1975 on selected factors related to impacts experienced by
communities as a result of energy developments. Data were obtained by
questionnaires, completed by local officials, concerning: (1) rates of
population increase, (2) availability of housing, (3) adequacy of water sup-
ply, (4) accessibility of medical services, and (5) availability of resources
for planning.
Indicators of Adverse Health Effects
The data collected by the FRC were analyzed to determine the re-
liability of the measured variables as indicators of adverse health condi-
tions and to assess requirements for other data. The criteria selected as
indicative of adverse conditions are shown in Table 1. These criteria were
chosen, in some instances arbitrarily, to enable analyses of the data avail-
able and are not necessarily those that should be employed in future studies.
As is apparent, some of the factors considered in this analysis are
interrelated and some are dependent upon other factors. However, since
one objective of this study was to explore various means for comparing the
relative intensity of health effects, all of the factors were taken into account
and evaluated as though they were equally significant.
Extent of Impact
The extent of adverse health effects present at any time obviously
depends on the nature and magnitude of impacts and the effectiveness of
community responses in meeting the impacts. A community with adequate
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Table 1. Criteria for determining adverse conditions associated with development
of energy resources.
Population
Community of < 1,000 pop. with annual rate of increase about
Community of 1,001-2,500 pop. with annual rate of increase about
Community of 2,501-5,000 pop. with annual rate of increase about
Community of > 5,000 pop. with annual rate of increase about
6 %
8%
10%
12%
Housing
Ratio of population to housing : > 3 persons/dwelling unit
Water Treatment System
Capacity used > 75 percent
Sewage Treatment System
Capacity used > 75 percent
Distance to Physician
> 15 miles
Distance to Hospital
> 50 miles
Distance to City of 25,000 Population
>100 miles
Availability of Planner
None Available
Availability of Plan
None or adopted before 1972
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financial resources, an effective planning organization, and no serious con-
straints to providing personal and community health services could, no doubt,
deal effectively with impacts that would create difficult circumstances in com-
munities where less satisfactory conditions prevail. Such factors are difficult
to quantitate and were beyond the scope of this analysis. Accordingly, the ex-
tent of impact was determined by considering only the adverse conditions indi-
cated in Table 1.
The communities which had more than six adverse conditions were
designated as significantly impacted, those with four to six adverse conditions
as moderately impacted, and those with three or fewer adverse conditions as-
potentially impacted. There are obvious objections to using all factors with-
out assigning comparative weights on the basis of presumed relative signifi-
cance. Such a procedure does not distinguish between relatively independent
and highly dependent variables, or between highly significant and compara-
tively insignificant factors. Efforts were made, accordingly, to define more
sensitive indicators of adverse health effects.
The factors for which data were available were analyzed singly and
in various combinations. It was found that communities judged to be signif-
icantly impacted by use of any of the indicators tested were, in most instances,
also classified as significantly impacted by using a combination of indicators.
This combination of indicators identified the simultaneous occurrence of ad-
verse conditions of population increase, water supply, and facilities for sewage
disposal. Obviously, the concurrence of adverse conditions associated with
these three factors have a potential for creating critical, hazardous health
problems.
Data on all factors were available for 39 communities. In addition to
these, data were available for population, water supply, and sewage disposal
facilities for 33 communities. The latter communities were classified as
significantly impacted, moderately impacted, or potentially impacted according
to the following criteria:
Significantly Impacted - Adverse population conditions for either
the 1970-1974 period, or 1974-1977 period, or for both periods;
and, adverse conditions for both water supply and sewage disposal.
(See Table 1.)
Moderately Impacted - Adverse population conditions for either
the 1970-1974 period, or 1974-1977 period, or for both periods;
and, adverse conditions for either water supply or sewage disposal.
Potentially Impacted - Adverse conditions for population only for
either the 1970-1974 or the 1974-1977 period, adverse conditions
for either water supply or sewage disposal, or adverse conditions
for both water supply and sewage disposal.
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Data on population, but not for the other factors described above, were
available for 48 additional communities. These communities were classi-
fied as significantly impacted if adverse conditions were reported for both
periods, as moderately impacted if for only one period, and potentially
impacted if for neither period.
In addition to using the criteria for identifying adverse conditions
indicated in Table 1, the communities also were classified by criteria based
upon weighted variables, as indicated in Table 2. Aggregated scores were
developed for each community using the same combinations of factors em -
ployed for the unweighted variables. More communities were classified as
significantly impacted by employing the weighted variable, and this proce-
dure probably is more sensitive than that which considers the factors as
equally significant.
Classification of Communities
The communities classified by any of the methods used are listed in
Appendix B. These data are summarized in Table 3. It will be noted that
the data were insufficient for classifying 92, about 43 percent, of the 212
communities available for study. These 92 communities were, however,
designated as potentially impacted since any community identified for in-
clusion in this study may be presumed, at the least, to be potentially im-
pacted by energy developments.
Reliability of Procedures
The data in Appendix B and Table 3 do not reflect the relative effi-
ciency of procedures for classifying communities as to the relative extent
of health impacts. As indicated previously, the communities for which
data were available concerning all factors were classified first; next to
be classified were the communities for which data were available on pop-
ulation, water supply, and sewage disposal; then the communities for which
only population data were available; and, finally, the communities for which
data were inadequate were designated as potentially impacted. Sufficient
data were not available for valid, comparative evaluation of the various
procedures. Furthermore, there are no objective means for determining
the accuracy of these, or of any other, procedures for evaluating the ex-
tent of health impacts.
Needs for Additional Data
A significant result of these initial efforts was the identification of
additional data requirements that should be considered in designing future
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Table 2. Weights assigned to factors for measuring extent of health impacts resulting from
development of energy resources.
Population
1. Ratio of 1974:1970 population.
2. Ratio of 1977:1974 population.
(Available population data were used
for comparison with 1970 Census)
<
1.00
0
3.01
- 3.50
14
1.01
- 1.25
2
3.51
- 4.00
16
1.26
- 1.50
4
4.01
- 4.50
18
1.51
- 1.75
6
4.51
- 5.00
20
1.76
- 2.00
8
5.01
- 5.50
22
2.01
- 2.50
10
5.51
- 6.00
24
2.51
- 3.00
12
>
6.00
26
Housing
1. Ratio of 1974 population to number of
dwelling units in community in 1974.
2. Ratio of 1977 projected population to
number of dwelling units in community
in 1974.
1.00
- 3.00
0
3.01
- 4.00
1
4.01
- 5.00
2
5.01
- 6.00
3
6.01
- 7.00
4
>
7.00
5
Water Treatment System
Sewage Treatment System
Percent of capacity used: 0-25
0
Percent of capacity used: 0-25
0
26 - 50
1
26 - 50
1
51 - 75
2
51 - 75
2
76 - 90
3
76 - 90
3
91 - 100
4
91 - 100
4
No aystem
5
No system
5
Distance to Physician
Distance to Hospital
In community 0
In community 0
< 15 miles 1
< 15 miles 1
15 - 50 miles 2
15 - 50 miles 2
> 50 miles 3
> 50 miles 3
Distance to City of 25,000 Population
0
- 14 miles
0
15
- 49 miles
1
50
- 99 miles
2
100
- 200 miles
3
>
200 miles
4
Availability of Planner
Availability of Plan
Community, county, or regional 0
State only 1
None 2
Adopted since 1972 0
Adopted before 1972 1
No plan 2
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Table 3.
Number of communities, by state, identified as significantly impacted, moderately impacted, or potentially impacted as
a result of adverse effects attributable to energy developments in Region VEtt. Type of data used in evaluating extent of
impact is indicated.
Number of Communities Identified with Indicated Extent of Health Impact by Using Data on the Factors Noted
State
Significantly Impacted
Moderately Impacted
Potentially Impacted
All
Factors
Population
Water
Sewage
Population
All
Factors
Population
Water
Sewage
Population
All
Factors
Population
Water
Sewage
Population
Data Inade-
quate or not
available
Colorado
9
9
8
2
3
0
1
0
0
13
Montana
1
0
2
2
2
1
0
0
1
7
North Dakota
0
0
0
3
1
1
3
0
10
7
South Dakota
1
0
1
2
1
1
0
0
2
1
Utah
0
8
1
0
0
7
0
0
5
54
Wyoming
11
6
3
4
3
5
0
0
0
10
All States
22
23
15
13
10
15
4
0
18
92
All Combination of
Factors
60
38
114
Total Communities*
212
* Includes 14 Utah counties.
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evaluations of health effects associated with energy activities. Data require-
ments and procedures for collection are discussed in subsequent sections of
this summary.
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iiii
ADEQUACY OF AVAILABLE HEALTH INFORMATION
An adequate data base is essential for tenable assessment of health
effects associated with energy developments. In order to determine the
availability and adequacy of pertinent data and information, an evaluation
was made of the accessibility and usefulness of material in state and other
repositories of health information. An initial step was the identfication of
specific data needed for evaluating current and potential health problems,
for developing preventive and remedial programs, and for evaluating the
results of such programs. The attributes that should be evaluated in this
connection include: (1) health status of the population, (2) trends in popu-
lation changes, (3) community environmental services, (4) environmental
quality, and (5) health services. The specific factor that should be con-
sidered and the items of data needed for evaluating them are indicated in
Table 4.
Availability of Data and Information
The requisite data and potential sources are of three general types:
Vital statistics and other demographic data compiled by state
repositories of health information.
Information and data concerning community environmental facil-
ities -- e.g., water supplies, sewage disposal facilities, solid
waste disposal -- usually available from local or state agencies
responsible for environmental sanitation.
Information relating to public and personal health services,
including systems for organization and delivery of services,
developed by health planning agencies, local and state depart-
ments of health services, and organizations of providers of
health services.
No single state or regional agency obtains all types or every item of data
needed for the comprehensive analyses and planning required to deal with
health effects resulting from development of energy resources. Most of
the states in Region VIC develop and maintain data at the state level relating
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Table 4. Considerations in evaluating health status and environmental conditions.
Attribute to
be Evaluated
Factors That
Should be Considered
Data Required
Health status of
population
Causes of mortality
Crude rates of mortality
Age and cause specific rates of mortality
Comparative rates of mortality, age and cause specific, for comparable
local, county, or state jurisdictions
Comparative rates of mortality, state and national
Relative significance of leading causes of death
Causes of morbidity
Same as for mortality data
Annual and seasonal rates of communicable diseases
Current health
problems
Annual trends in occurrence of deaths and disease, age and cause specific
Recent and current outbreaks of infectious diseases
Trends in use of treatment facilities for specific causes
Trends in
population
Annual rates of
population change
Rates of births
Rates of natural population change
Annual estimates of population
Project population: short-range annually for next five years; long-range at
five-year intervals
Age composition of
population
Age specific estimates and projections as above
Community
environ-
mental
services
Water supply
Type(s) of source(s) and capacity
Type and capacity of treatment facilities
Type and capacity of water storage facility
Geographic extent and capacity of distribution system
Proportion of dwelling units served by system
Percent of system capacity used, by system components
Sewage disposal
Type and capacity of treatment facility
Geographic distribution and capacity of collecting system
Type and capacity of effluent and solids disposal systems
Proportion of dwelling units served by system
Percent of system capacity used, by system components
Solid waste disposal
Type and capacity of disposal system
Type and capacity of collecting system
Geographic coverage of collecting system
Proportion of residences and businesses served by system
Bsrcent of system capacity used, by system components
Environmental
quality
Food sanitation
Recent and current outbreaks of food-borne toxins and pathogens
Result of inspections of food processing and food handling establishments
Environmental
sanitation
Recent and current occurrence of rodent and arthropod -borne pathogens
Condition of premises hygiene
Air quality
Air quality data
Noise
Noise intensity measurements
Health services
Riblic health
services
Recent, current, and long range trends in occurrence of communicable
diseases
Rates of fetal and infant mortality
Rates of childhood diseases and deaths
Rates of maternal deaths
Rates of Immunization for communicable diseases
Personal health
services
Rates and trends in morbidity and mortality compared with state and
national statistics
Type, number, capacity, and accessibility of facilities for health services
Type, number, and location of personnel to provide health services
Health service area
Delineation of primary, district, and regional health service area
-20-
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to vital statistics, certain health facilities, environmental quality, and other
factors depending on priorities in the various states. Each state also has an
energy office that is responsible for developing information and policy concerning
energy activities, but these offices are not appropriate sources for the specialized
data related to health effects. Some types of data, e.g., vital statistics, are
maintained by counties, but the detailed information needed for evaluation and
planning for local communities usually has been developed through local efforts.
Only in the last few years have programs been organized to determine data re-
quirements and to collect or compile the material specifically applicable to local
needs. Effective arrangements still have not been made in many areas.
All of the states in Region VIII are participating in the Cooperative Health
Statistics System developed by the National Center for Health Statistics. The
status of development for the components of this system in the various states is
shown in Table 5. Full implementation obviously is years in the future.
Limitations of Available Data
The data readily available from repositories and agencies responsible
for their collection were not adequate to provide reliable indications of health
effects resulting from development of energy resources. Analyses must nec -
essarily be made for individual communities but little useful information on
specific health effects had been collected at this level. Other needs apparent
from this review were as follows:
Information is needed concerning the schedule for developing the
energy resources affecting communities. It is necessary, for
example, to know the anticipated magnitude and dates when pop-
ulation increases are expected. This information is needed as
far in advance as possible in order that communities can make
arrangements to accommodate increases in population. Similarly,
advance notice is needed when reductions will occur.
Population estimates are needed on an annual basis to enable ac-
curate projection of needs for rapidly changing population. Age-
specific projections are essential for effective planning of health
services.
Morbidity and mortality data should be developed for local com-
munities. The usual processes for collecting these data do not
provide timely information for planning or detection of associa-
tion between health indicators and energy development activities.
-21-
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Table 5. Status of implementing components of the Cooperative Health Statistics System in states of Region VIII.*
Status of Component Development
State
Vital
Statistics
Manpower
Statistics
Health
Facilities
Statistics
Hospital
Care
Statistics
Health
Interview
Statistics
Ambulatory
Care
Statistics
Long-Term
Care
Statistics
Colorado
Operating
Approved
Operating
Montana
Operating
May be
approved 1977
North Dakota
May be
approved 1977
South Dakota
May be
approved
1977 or 1978
May be
approved
1977 or 1978
Utah
May soon be
approved
Wyoming
May soon be
approved
May soon by
approved
Operating
*Source of information: DHEW - Region VIE
-------
Information is needed on the capacity and scope of services avail-
able from all types of health facilities. These include public health
offices and clinics, mental health centers, diagnostic and treatment
centers, extended care facilities, nursing homes, and hospitals.
Data are needed concerning all types of personnel available to
provide health services. Included are physicians, dentists,
public health nurses, nurse practitioners, physicians' assistants,
and emergency medical technicians.
Data should be obtained concerning all components of water supply
systems. These should include type and capacity of water source,
treatment facilities, and storage. The geographic coverage of the
distribution system, number and percent of residences served also
should be determined.
Similar data are needed concerning facilities for sewage disposal.
Additionally, the method and capacity of effluent discharge should
be determined.
The means for securing these and other data indicated in Table 4 are considered
in a later section.
Sources of Future Data and Information
Responsibilities for compiling or developing data and information perti-
nent to local communities is vested in various state agencies and regional plan-
ning organizations. These organizations are identified in Appendix C. The
primary focal point for health information probably will be the Health Systems
Agencies organized under the National Health Planning and Resources Development
Act of 1974 (P.L. 93-641). This law provides for designation of State Health
Planning and Development Agencies. In Region VDI, the agencies designated will
presumably be the same agencies selected under previous health planning legisla-
tion (P.L. 89-749). Provision also is made for delineation of Health Service Areas
and for appointment of Health Systems Agencies. The boundaries of proposed and
designated agencies are shown in Figure 3 and the names of these agencies are
indicated in Appendix C.
Responsibilities of the Health System Agencies include collection and
analyses of data to provide information concerning:
The status and determinants of health of residents in the health
service area.
The status of the health care delivery system in the area and the
use of the system by residents of the area*
-23-
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COLORADO
FEDERAL REGION VIII
Fig. 3 Health Service Areas
-------
The effect the area's health care delivery system has on the
residents' health.
The number, type, and location of the area's health resources,
including health services, manpower, and facilities.
The pattern of utilization of the area's health resources.
The environmental and occupational exposure factors affecting
immediate and long-term health conditions.
When they become fully operational, the health planning agencies will
be effective resources to provide technical assistance in health planning for
communities impacted by energy developments. In the interim, individual
communities, counties, and planning areas have necessarily undertaken health
planning with local resources. This matter, including procedures for obtaining
and processing needed data, is considered further in a later section of this
summary.
Full-time, adequately staffed, health planning organizations have been
unavailable to the majority of communities involved in this study. The many
reasons for this situation include: lack of resources, priorities imposed at
Federal and state levels that precluded adequate attention to substate areas,
inadequate guidelines because of the newness of health planning organizations,
recently emerged necessity for health and other types of planning in the im-
pacted communities, and many other factors. The typical pattern has been
for communities to acquire the services of a planner, either a generalist or
a specialist, who undertook to organize planning for the community in all
functional areas. As staff requirements were defined, additional specialists
were secured and organizational processes were developed for categorical
and comprehensive planning. Orderly, objective approaches to establishing
priorities were undertaken only after emergencies or the most urgent situa-
tions were handled. In some instances adequate guidelines, planning proce-
dures , and technical or financial assistance were not available from higher
levels of government. The health planning that has been done was accom-
plished in this context.
Effective health planning obviously cannot be done in isolation, inde-
pendent of planning for other community services. The health problems of
a population are inextricably interwoven with considerations of other func -
tional areas, such as education, law enforcement, recreation, transportation,
and many others. The planners in all specialities must relate to complemen-
tary efforts of others to assure maximum benefit from use of community
resources. Such coordination is potentially best provided through the district
or regional planning agencies for substate areas. The boundaries of designated
-25-
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areas for five states in Region VIII are shown in Figure 4. Substate planning
areas have not been designated for Wyoming, but city and county agencies have
been organized for some jurisdictions. The planning agencies concerned with
communities involved in this study are listed in Appendix C.
-26-
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'—-,-oSc—t-^TANa
NORTH DAKOTA
Bume 1 IftOlfTTC | 1
_ ¦ #1---, r_j/i \ /
tMMiu "7 I? |MCHO«Y rBAM«rns^ ^
UTAH t
FEDERAL REGION VIII
Fi«r. 4 District and Regional Planning Areas
-------
mi
HEALTH EFFECTS RESULTING FROM DEVELOPMENT OF
ENERGY RESOURCES
Readily available data were analyzed to identify the specific health
impacts that were occurring or could be anticipated in the study areas.
As indicated in the previous section, data relating to individual communi-
ties were lacking in most instances and were meager at best. Some generali-
zations are possible, however, from antecedent experiences and inferences
from the literature.
Types of Health Effects
Two general groups of health effects were considered in evaluating
the causal influences of energy developments: (1) the possible etiologic
significance of processes used in the various industrial activities, and
(2) the effects attributable to conditions resulting from rapid increases in
population with consequent crowding and need for health services that ex-
ceed the capacity of existing agencies and resources.
Health Effects Associated with Industrial Processes. The study of
health effects related to industrial activities was confined to impacts experi-
enced in the residential environments of communities, in contrast to the
industrial environment of workers. An evaluation was made of potential
health effects from the toxins and irritants that could be produced by energy
development activities in Region VIII. Available information indicates that
no widespread adverse health effects are likely under existing conditions.
Current programs for monitoring air quality and controlling pollution from
new industrial sources appear adequate to minimize risks to human health.
Similar procedures for dealing with water pollution are being implemented.
Health Effects Associated with Rapid Growth of Communities. The
greatest potential impacts on health attributed to energy developments result
from boomtown conditions as a consequence of rapid population growth. The
adverse effects are of two types: (1) those that impact community environ-
mental services such as water supplies, sewage disposal, and solid waste
disposal and, (2) those that have direct adverse effects on people. When
community environmental services become inadequate, contamination of the
environment may occur. Depending on the kind of contamination, the possi-
bility of occurrence of various communicable diseases is enhanced. For
example, overuse of sewage disposal systems, or inadequate arrangements
-29-
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for sewage disposal, may result in contamination of the ground surface or
water supplies with fecal material. This may result in dissemination of
enteric pathogens capable of producing disease such as typhoid and infant
diarrhea. The latter is associated with a high death rate among children
under one year of age, and is an indication of the general sanitation of the
environment. Inadequate disposal of solid wastes may result in creating
harborage for rodents or insect vectors of various pathogens capable of
producing disease in humans. Inadequate water supply is detrimental to
maintenance of personal hygiene which, in turn, is conducive to transfer
of pathogens between persons. Many types of intestinal pathogens are
transmitted by person-to-person contact.
Those impacts that have a direct effect on people include the diseases
associated with crowding and deprivation of health services. Crowding, for
example, favors the spread of airborne pathogens such as the agents causing
influenza and the common cold, as well as childhood diseases such as mumps,
measles, poliomyelitis, and others. Crowding, in common with other condi-
tions, has a more insidious effect in producing stress that results in mental
illness, child abuse, alcoholism, and other behavioral disorders. Another
manifestation of rapid population growth may be the inability to obtain health
services because of increased demands for a limited supply. This may re-
sult in a smaller proportion of children being immunized against preventable
diseases, fewer screening tests for tuberculosis and other diseases, and
less follow-up on active cases of tuberculosis and venereal diseases. In
addition, prevention of serious manifestation of diseases may be reduced
because of inability of the population to secure early treatment.
Rapid and significant population growth also enhances the possibility
of adverse health effects of air pollution by increasing the amount of vehicu-
lar emissions. The rate of automotive and other accidents also is known to
increase disproportionately to population growth in boomtown situations.
Occurrence of Adverse Environmental Conditions and Health Effects.
Although precise quantitative data are lacking, some largely subjective re-
ports reflect the occurrences postulated above. Overt contamination of the
ground surface with sewage was reported for several communities but there
was no evidence of associated occurrence of disease. Increases in rates of
venereal diseases were reported among temporary construction workers
and among residents of a nearby Indian reservation. Increases in attendance
at mental health clinics were reported in several communities; some were
on the order of ten-fold increases. Similarly, unquantitated increases in
alcoholism, child abuse, and crime have been observed.
The available data and testimony of officials did not, however, reflect
any epidemics or notable outbreaks of disease as a direct result of energy
-30-
-------
development, nor was there evidence of sustained or widespread environmental
contamination resulting from inadequate sewage or solid waste disposal or from
inadequate water supplies. This is not to imply that potentially dangerous condi-
tions have not occurred, but existing laws, ordinances, and regulations were
adequate to effect preventive or remedial action by diligent public health and
other officials. Water supplies -- especially distribution systems for trailer
parks, mobile home areas, and expanding construction of permanent housing - -
often could not be developed rapidly enough to keep up with demands. The ca-
pacity of existing sewage collecting and disposal systems also were exceeded
in some communities. Other community services, such as solid waste disposal,
lagged behind increasing demands in some instances. Many acute situations
developed that were solved or are being solved without catastrophic or sustained
detrimental effect on human health or community sanitation.
-31-
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iiii
CONSIDERATIONS IN PROVIDING HEALTH SERVICES
The most commonly expressed concern about health impacts was the
actual or perceived inadequacy of medical services. The degree of accessi-
bility of a physician and a hospital desired by many residents was not possible
in many communities. The reaction has been to attempt recruitment of physi-
cians and to undertake other measures in an effort to sustain the prevailing,
traditional means for providing therapeutic medical care. These efforts have
not been effective in most communities and considerable dissatisfaction was
evident. It is obvious that available alternatives for providing personal health
services have not been considered in many communities. Also, in some states
and substate areas, an adequate framework for planning health services does
not exist. For example, health service areas have not been defined and guide-
lines for regional health services have not been developed for many areas.
Economic Aspects of Providing Adequate Health Services
Plans for providing personal health services and community environ-
mental services must take into account the incremental requirements for
specific services. These are determined by the magnitude and rates of pop-
ulation growth and the duration of need for services. In many of the affected
communities, transitory increases of population occurred followed by a de-
cline. This resulted in only slight net expansion of the population in the
community prior to the beginning of energy development activities. In many
instances, in the absence of adequate opportunity and resources for advance
planning and arrangements for needed services, reactions seem to have re-
sulted in costly investments in long-lived facilities. Needs often could ade-
quately have been met apparently at less cost and with greater efficiency.
Because of population size, geographic location, and other factors,
many communities probably will not be able to recruit and retain physicians
and operate hospitals where an extensive scope of services is provided.
With appropriate system organization, several options are available for de-
livering the health services necessary to meet the needs of the communities.
Such services may be provided through local clinics, which can be organized
in a variety of ways, with established arrangements for communication and
transportation to secure the types of services that are not readily available.
The cost of operating such clinics in communities of Region VIII is estimated
-33-
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at $100,000 - $150,000 for a one-physician facility, and between $190,000 -
$225,000 for a two-physician facility. Physicians and other professional
personnel may be provided by arrangements made with established federa -
tions or health service corporations. Where the size of population does not
warrant the full-time services of a physician, primary care can be provided
by a physicians' assistant or nurse practitioners who work under remote
supervision of a physician.
If permanent facilities are not required for a sustained population
increase, temporary arrangements may be made to provide less costly com-
munity environmental services. Basic to such arrangements are accurate
estimates of anticipated magnitude and duration of population growth. Com-
munity planning must also be adequate to define the needs for services and to
determine constraints of topography for storm drainage, soil types for waste
disposal, sources of water, and availability of land for disposal of solid
waste.
-34-
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mi
PROCEDURES FOR EVALUATING HEALTH EFFECTS
As indicated in the foregoing sections, the extent of adverse health
effects has been inversely related to the ability of communities to evaluate
potentially detrimental situations and promptly to initiate preventive actions.
One of the conspicuous detriments to effective planning has been the lack of
appropriate guidelines and procedures. Formats are needed in order that
pertinent, available data and information can be consolidated in a form ap-
plicable to needs of local communities. Methods that may be adapted for
use in communities for conducting surveys and for developing data by other
means also are required. Planning models specifically designed for use in
communities of Region VIII are needed in order that all appropriate options
for meeting local requirements can be considered. Too often, important,
costly decisions have been made intuitively or to conform with traditional
practices because of inadequate data or the lack of awareness of more effec -
tive alternatives.
For example, as mentioned in the preceding section, many small
communities have expended large sums of money and energy in attempting
to recruit physicians without success. Scant attention was given to defining
specific needs for health services and considering the various alternatives
for meeting the needs defined. The facts are that small communities cannot
be self-sufficient in providing the extensive scope of modern health services
available today. A generation ago, or even 15 years ago, technology was
much less developed and the orientation and supportive needs of medical
graduates was vastly different from now. Many communities, where physi-
cians trained a generation ago have been practicing, probably will be unable
to recruit a replacement. Planning for health services must take into account
such realities. Consideration must be given to the alternatives for meeting
health needs on a regional basis and for using alternative providers, such as
nurse practitioners and physicians' assistants, where circumstances are not
favorable for continuing traditional methods of delivering health services.
Need for Guidelines and Procedures
Experience gained during the course of this work indicated that guide-
lines or procedures were needed for accomplishing the following planning
activities related to health impacts:
-35-
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Identifying data required to define and quantitate health problems.
Developing procedures for compiling or for developing the required
data.
Outlining formats for recording and displaying data.
Devising methods of analysis and interpretation.
Selecting means for converting the data compiled or developed
into information useful as guides in developing programs.
Development of Procedures Manual
To this end, a set of procedures and guidelines were devised as sug-
gestions and indications of approaches. These guidelines can be used to
communities where personnel are locally available or readily accessible from
participants in responsible regional or state agencies. The procedures were
provided as a separate report entitled "Procedures for Evaluating Health
Impacts Resulting from Development of Energy Resources."
The methods described are flexible and may easily be adapted to
local situations. Data requirements and methods for meeting them within
the constraints of local resources are outlined. The met s escr
were designed to use currently available data to the fullest extent poss e,
and formats are provided that indicate ways of consolidating these data.
The Procedures Manual provides a means of systematically assembling
existing or easily available data in a useful and readily access orm.
The manual also outlines methods for collecting data when they are not
available.
The following is a brief summary of the types of information and
applications considered in the manual:
General Information Concerning Energy Development. Information
on the type(s) and location(s) of energy development activities is nee e to
anticipate possible health effects. Especially important are accurate ta,
obtained as far in advance as possible, concerning the number of persons
that will be employed each year that the activity will be in progress. It is
not anticipated that such information would be developed by a survey ques
tionnaire or telephone interview. The procedures were designed so that t e
process of gathering the needed information would be a means of establishing
or strengthening rapport between industry and community representatives.
-36-
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Physical and Demographic Profile. Information is needed concerning
historical background, physical characteristics, climate, land use, economy,
cultural and social characteristics, population, and health in order to develop
the bases for occurrence of present and anticipated health problems. Data
are required for trends in population, by age, for five or more years before
the energy development commenced, and for a projection of the annual popu-
lation for at least five years after the development is initiated. Data also are
needed concerning the trends in numbers and causes of deaths and illnesses.
The information developed from these and other data is required to
define the health problems indigenous to the areas and to anticipate those
that may occur as a result of energy developments. Also, the antecedent
data on disease and deaths provide valuable indications of the general health
status of the population, the effectiveness of health services, and the economy
of the community.
Community Environmental Conditions. Procedures are provided for
conducting a block-by-block or area-by-area environmental survey to identify
and quantitate the various types of land use; type, number, and condition of
dwelling units; type and adequacy of water supply, sewage disposal, and solid
waste disposal; and premises sanitation. These data preferably should be
obtained before impacts occur in order to assess prevalent conditions in the
community and to anticipate where new problems may occur or where old
ones may be intensified. Surveys conducted after impacts begin are invalu-
able in quantitating adverse conditions. These surveys aid in precisely lo-
cating the area and determining the relative intensity of occurrence.
Current Status of Health. The procedures for gathering subjective
impressions and obtaining objective data about health status are necessarily
the most extensive in the manual. In some ways, these data are the most
difficult to obtain and to interpret. Provisions are made for obtaining data
on a few hundred items, although it is unlikely that any single community
would wish to include all of these in a survey. The survey instruments are
designed so that the factors pertinent for the community can be selected and
used in a format that meets the needs of the individual community. Provisions
are made in the survey instruments for collecting data concerning the following:
• Awareness and opinions concerning community health services.
Awareness and preferences concerning selected public health and
welfare services.
Characteristics of residency, dwelling units, and premises.
Household health profiles and patterns of health services.
-37-
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Current and potential health status and sources of services.
Household income.
Procedures are outlined as follows: how to select the sample of
population from which to obtain data, how to secure the items of data deemed
pertinent, how to consolidate and interpret the data, and how to display and
present the information developed.
Resources for Health Services. Gathering information concerning
the personnel and physical facilities for providing health services is essen-
tial for every community. Not only do expenditures for health services and
facilities account for a large proportion of individual and community expenses,
but planning for health services that are adequate but not excessive for com-
munity needs is one of the most arduous and often controversial tasks faced
by the community. Formats for health planning, conceptual plans for deliv-
ering health services, and objective data all are required. The procedures
provide for inventories of all types of personnel and facilities concerned
with providing health services, for determining the capacity and extent to
which facilities are used, and for defining the various types of health service
areas.
Applications of Information. Methods are provided for consolidating
and interpreting the information resulting from the various compilations and
surveys in order to provide a coherent, documented account of existing con-
ditions and available resources. Means also are suggested for identifying
specific problems and for defining alternative solutions.
-38-
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iiii
R EC OMMENDATIONS
In accordance with the specifications for this study the following rec-
ommendations are proposed to improve data collection at the community level
and to improve public understanding of the relationships bewteen energy devel-
opments and health impacts.
Recommendation 1
The manual "Procedures for Evaluating Health Impacts Resulting from
Development of Energy Resources," with appropriate revisions to conform to
EPA formats, should be distributed to energy-development impacted communi-
ties, both those currently identified and those which later may be affected.
Recommendation 2
The appropriate Federal agencies, the Western Governors' Regional
Energy Policy Office, and the individual states should solicit the assistance of
the Health Resources Administration of DHEW in giving priority attention to
developing and supporting Health Planning and Resources Development activi-
ties and the Cooperative Health Statistics System in Region VHI.
Recommendation 3
The format for periodic collection of data from energy-development
impacted communities by the Mountain Plains Federal Regional Council should
be expanded to obtain additional needed data identified in this report; specifically,
annual population projections during construction phases of energy-development
projects, dates developments commenced or projected dates of initiation, dur-
ation of construction phase and total longevity of project(s), additional informa-
tion on community environmental facilities, and more detailed information con-
cerning health services.
Recommendation 4
An appropriate Federal office should serve as a clearinghouse for in-
formation concerning energy development activities that affect state and local
-39-
-------
communities. This office should establish channels for regular dissemination
and exchange of information to all governmental jurisdictions that potentially
may be affected.
Recommendation 5
Each state should designate an agency, preferably the state planning
office, to develop annual population projections for at least five years in
advance for counties and individual communities affected by energy develop-
ments. These projections should take into account alternative developments
of energy resources and other recognized demographic variables.
Recommendation 1 is submitted as a means for both improving the
development of information and enhancing public understanding of health
problems associated with development of energy resources. Adapting the
survey procedures outlined for use in local communities and assembling
available data in the formats so devised, along with the new data developed
by these procedures, would go far toward achieving the data required to
develop plans to cope with health impacts. Citizen participation, as en-
visioned in the survey procedures, is an effective means for stimulating
awareness and interest in the problems faced by the communities. Public
distribution of appropriate information obtained by conducting the suggested
procedures would reach a wider audience.
The intention of Recommendation 2 is to further enhance the scope,
quality, and application of information developed for the communities. Ef-
fective encouragement for health and other functional planning at the state
level is essential for developing efficient community programs.
Recommendations 3 and 4 are proposed to assure consolidation of
pertinent available information from the states and communities and acces-
ibility of such information to the states and communities.
Recommendation 5 identifies a basic, essential function that should
be initiated or extended immediately.
-40-
-------
iiii
PROJECT PARTICIPANTS
This project was conducted under the direction of Melvin H. Goodwin, Jr.,
Ph.D., Epidemiologist, Director of Health Studies, Copley International
Corporation. Others who participated substantially included the following:
MarianO. Doscher, M.B.A., Senior Industrial Economist, CIC
R. David Flesh, B.S.E., M.S., M.B.A., Group Director,
Environmental Sciences, CIC
Betty Fraser, Editorial Assistant, CIC
Ellen Gore, Manuscript Typist, CIC
Alan B. Humphrey, Ph.D., Biostatistician, Consultant
Victoria Jones, Research Analyst, CIC
John W. Klock, Ph.D., Sanitary Engineer, Consultant
Catherine C. LeSeney, M.D., M.P.H., Epidemiology and Health
Services Planning, Consultant
Andrew W. Nichols, M.D., M.P.H., Health Systems Planning,
Consultant
Joyce Revlett, Project Coordinator, CIC
Thomas E. Shipman, M.S., Survey Programs Manager, CIC
Aldona Vaitkus, M.S., Biostatistician, Consultant
Katherine W. Wilson, Ph.D., Director of Air Quality Studies, CIC
Grateful acknowledgement is made to Mr. N. L. Hammer, Project Officer
for the Environmental Protection Agency, for his guidance and attention through-
out the course of this work. Special thanks are due to the many Federal, state,
and local officials who provided the information that comprised the basis for
these analyses. Those mentioned by name in this report are by no means all
who contributed time and expert assistance in this effort.
-41-
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iiii
APPENDIX A
List of energy-development impacted communities.
-43-
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1111
ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IMPACTED COMMUNITIES
COLORADO
Planning Region
Northeastern Colorado Council of
Governments
Denver Regional Council of
Governments
Huerfano-Las Animas Area Council
of Governments
San Juan Basin Regional Planning
Commission
District 10 Regional Planning
Commission
County
Morgan
Adams
Arapahoe
Las Animas
Dolores
Delta
Community
Brush
Bennett
Strasburg
Byers
Deertrai]
Aguilar
Cokedale
Starkville
Dove Creek
Bowie
Cedar edge
Crawford
Delta
Hotchkiss
Lazear
Orchard City
Paonia
Redland Mesa
Rogers Mesa
Gunnison
Somerset
-------
Planning Region County
San Miguel
Colorado West Area Council of Garfield
Governments
Mesa
Moffat
Rio Blanco
Northwest Colorado Council of Jackson
Governments
Pitkin
Routt
Community
Egnar
Slick Rock
Carbondale
Glenwood Springs
Grand Valley
New Castle
Rifle
Silt
Collbran
DeBeque
Fruita
Gateway
Grand Junction
Palisade
Craig
Dinosaur
Maybell
Meeker
Rangely
Walden
Redstone
Hayden
Oak Creek
Phippsburg
Yampa
-2-
MONTANA
pinnninjr Region County Community
High Plains Provisional Council for Daniels Scobey
District One
Not in organized planning districts
Big Horn
Custer
McCone
Crow Agency
Decker
Hardin
Lodge Grass
Wyola
Miles City
Circle
Powder River Broadus
Rosebud
Ashland
Birney
Colstrip
Forsyth
Lame Deer
Rosebud
Treasure
Hysham
-------
NORTH DAKOTA
planning Region County
Lewis and Clark 1805 Regional Burleigh
Council for Development
McLean
Mercer
Morton
Oliver
Roosevelt-Custer Regional Dunn
Council
Community
Bismarck
Coleharbor
Garrison
Mercer
Turtle Lake
Underwood
Washburn
Wilton
Beulah
Golden Valley
Hazen
Pick City
Stanton
Zap
Glenn Ullin
Hebron
Mandan
New Salem
Center
Dodge
Dunn Center
Halllday
Killdeer
Manning
Stark
Dickinson
SOUTH DAKOTA
Planning Region
Sixth District Council of Local
Governments
County
Butte
Fall River
Harding
Lawrence
Meade
Pennington
Community
Belle Fourche
Edgemont
Hot Springs
Buffalo
Camp Crook
Spearfish
Whitewood
Sturgis
Rapid City
-------
UTAH
Planning Region County
Five County Association of Beaver
Governments
Garfield
Iron
Kane
Washington
Six County Commissioners Sevier
Organization '
Community
Beaver
Mllford
Miner sville
Antimony
Boulder
Cannonville
Escalante
Panguitch
Tropic
Cedar City
Paragonah
Parowan
Glendale
Helt Marina
Kanab
Orderville
Enterprise
Hilldale
Hurricane
La Verkin
Santa Clara
St. George
Snow Canyon
Washington
Annabella
Aurora
Elsinore
Glenwood
Koosharem
Monroe
Redmond
Richfield
Salina
Sigurd
Wayne
-6-
Bicknell
Capital Reef
Loa
Planning Region
Community
Uintah Basin Association of Daggett
Governments
Duchesne
Uintah
Mountainlands Association of Summit
Governments
Southeastern Utah Association of Carbon
Governments
Emery
San Juan
Manila
Altamont
Duchesne
Myton
Roosevelt
Tabiona
Tridell
Vernal
Coalville
East Carbon City
Helper
Hiawatha
Price
Sunnyside
Wellington
Castle Dale
Cleveland
Elmo
Ferron
Green River
Huntington
Orangeville
Blandlng
Montlcello
-7-
-------
WYOMING
Planning Region
Gillette-Campbell County Planning
Office
Rawlins-Carbon County Planning
Office
Douglas -Converse County Planning
Office
Northeast Wyoming Three County
Joint Power Board
Fremont County
City of Lander
Buffalo-Johnson County Planning
Office
Regional Planning Office
County
Campbell
Carbon
Converse
Crook
Weston
Fremont
Johnson
Hot Springs
Washakie
Community
Gillette
Elk Mountain
Elmo
Hanna
Hanna/Elmo
Medicine Bow
Rawlins
Douglas
Glenrock
Moorcroft
Newcastle
Jeffrey City
Riverton
Lander
Buffalo
Kaycee
Therm opolis
Worland
Lincoln-Uinta Counties Planning
Office
Casper-Natrona County Planning
Office
Lincoln
Uinta
Natrona
Diamondville
Kemmerer
Evans ton
Fort Bridger
Lyman
Mountain View
Casper
Evansville
Mills
Planning Agency County
Platte County Joint Planning Office Platte
Community
Chugwater
Guernsey
Wheatland
Sheridan Area Planning Office Sheridan Big Horn
Dayton
Ranchester
Sheridan
Story
Sweetwater County Sweetwater Granger
Green River
South Superior
Wamsutter
Rock Springs Planning Office Rock Springs
No city/county planning agency Goshen Fort Laramie
Torrington
Park
Meeteetse
-------
iiii
APPENDIX B
Names of communities listed, by states, in groupings of significantly
impacted, moderately impacted, and potentially impacted as a result
of adverse health effects attributable to energy developments.
-49-
-------
Names of communities listed, by sates, in groupings of significantly
impacted, moderately impacted, and potentially Impacted as a result
of adverse health effects attributable to energy developments in
Region VHI. Combinations of factors used in classifying communities
are indicated.
Significantly Impacted Communities
State, Community
Data Used to Rate Communities
Population,
All Factors
Water, Sewage
Population
Colorado
Bennett
X
Carbondale
X
Cedaredge
X
Cokedale
X
Collhran
X
Craig
X
Crawford
X
De Beque
X
Deer trail
X
Dinosaur
X
Fruita
X
Glenwood Springs
X
Grand Valley
X
Hayden
X
Meeker
X
New Castle
X
Oak Creek
X
Orchard City
X
Palisade
X
Paonia
X
Rangely
X
Rifle
X
Silt
X
Strasburg
X
Walden
X
Yampa
,1
-------
Significantly Impacted Communities
State, Community
Data Used to Rate Communities
Population,
All Factors
Water, Sewage
Population
Montana
Colstrip
X
Forsyth
X
Lame Deer
X
North Dakota
No Communities
South Dakota
Camp Crook
X
Edgemont
X
Utah
Cedar City
X
Enterprise
X
Escalante
X
Hurricane
X
Kane County
X
Panquitch
X
Parowan
X
St. George
X
Tropic
X
Wyoming
Big Horn
X
Buffalo
X
Diamondville
X
Douglas
X
Evansville
X
Fort Rridger
X
Gillette
X
Glenrock
X
Granger
X
Green River
X
Hanna
X
-2-
Signiflcantly Impacted Communities
State, Community
Data Used to Rate Communities
Population,
All Factors
Water, Sewage
Population
Wyoming (cont'd)
Lyman
X
Medicine Bow
X
Mountain View
X
Ranchester
X
Rock Springs
X
South Superior
X
Story
X
Wamsutter
X
Wheatland
X
-3-
-------
Moderately Impacted Communities
State, Community
Data Used to Rate Communities
Population,
All Factors
Water, Sewage
Population
Colorado
Aguilar
X
Delta
X
Grand Junction
X
Hotchkiss
X
Starfcvllle
X
Montana
Circle
X
Hardin
X
Hysham
X
Lodge Grass
X
Miles City
X
North Dakota
Beulah
X
Bismarck
X
Halliday
X
Killdeer
X
Stanton
X
South Dakota
Buffalo
X
Hot Springs
X
dwarfish
X
Whltewood
X
Utah
Beaver
X
Beaver County
X
Daggett County
X
Duchesne County
X
Garfield County
X
Iron County
X
Washington County
X
-4-
Moderately Impacted Communities
State, Community
Data Used to Rate Communities
Population,
All Factors
Water, Sewage
Population
Wyoming
Casper
X
Chugwater
X
Dayton
X
Evanston
X
Fort Laramie
X
Lander
X
Meeteetse
X
Moorcroft
X
Newcastle
X
Rawlins
X
River ton
X
Torrington
X
-------
Potentially Impacted Communities
State, Community
Data Used to Rate Communities
Population,
Data Not Available
All Factors
Water, Sewage
Population
or Inadequate
Colorado
Bowie
X
Brush
X
Byers
X
Dove Creek
X
Egnar
X
Gateway
X
Lazear
X
May bell
X
Phippsburg
X
Red land Mesa
X
Redstone
X
Rogers Mesa
X
Slick Rock
X
Somerset
X
Montana
Ashland
X
Birney
X
Broadus
X
Crow Agency
X
Decker
X
Rosebud
X
Scobey
X
Wyola
X
^orth Dakota
Center
X
Coleharbor
X
Dickinson
X
Dodge
X
Dunn Center
X
Garrison
X
Glen UUin
X
Golden Valley
X
Hazen
X
Hehron
X
Mandan
X
-6-
Potenttally Impacted Communities
State, Community
Data Used to Rate Communities
Population,
Data Not Available
All Factors
Water, Sewage'
Population
or Inadequate
North Dakota (cont'd)
Manning
X
Mercer
X
New Salem
X
Pick City
X
Turtle Lake
X
Underwood
X
Washburn
X
Wilton
X
Zap
X
South Dakota
Belle Fourche
X
Rapid City
X
Sturgis
X
Utah
Altamont
X
Annabella
X
Antimony
X
Aurora
X
Blcknell
X
Blandlng
X
Boulder
X
Cannonville
X
Capital Reef
X
Carbon County
X
Castle Dale
X
Cleveland
X
Coalville
X
Duchesne
X
East Carbon City
X
Elmo
X
Elsinore
X
Emery County
X
Ferron
X
Glendale
X
-7-
-------
Potentially Impacted Communities
State, Community
Data Used to Rate Communities
Population
Data Not Available
All Factors
Water. Sewage
Population
or Inadequate
Utah (cont'd)
Glenwood
X
Green River
X
Helper
X
Helt Marina
X
Hiawatha
X
Hilldale
X
Huntington
X
Kaaab
X
Koorsharem
X
La Verkin
X
Loa
X
Manila
X
Milford
X
Miner svi lie
X
Monroe
X
MonUcello
X
Myton
X
Qrangevllle
X
Qrderville
X
Paragonah
X
Price
X
Redmond
X
Richfield
X
Roosevelt
X
Salina
X
San Juan County
X
Santa Clara
X
Sevier County
X
Sigurd
X
Show Canyon
X
Summit County
X
Somyside
X
TaUona
X
Trldell
X
Uintah County
X
Vernal
X
Washington
X
Wayne County
X
Wellington
X
-8-
PotentiaUy Impacted Communities
State, Community
Data Used to Rate Communities
Population,
Data Not Available
All Factors
Water, Sewage
Population
or Inadequate
Wyoming
Elk Mountain
X
Elmo
X
Guernsey
X
Jeffrey City
X
Kaycee
X
Kemmerer
X
Mills
X
Sheridan
X
Thermopolis
X
War land
X
-9-
-------
Illl
APPENDIX C
Offices, agencies, responsible officials, and other sources of data
related to health effects associated with development of energy resources.
-55-
-------
FEDERAL, REGIONAL, AND MULTISTATE AGENCIES
FEDERAL
U .S. Environmental Protection Agency Region VIII
Office of Energy Activities
1860 Lincoln Street
Denver, Colorado 80203
Hione: 303/837-5914
N . L. Hammer
Colorado:
Federal Building and U .S . Courthouse
500 Gold Avenue, S .W .
Albuquerque , New Mexico 87101
Hone: 505/474-2155
Perry C . Brackett, Chief
Office of Environmental Health
U .S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Region Vm
Federal Office Building
1961 Stout Street
Denver, Colorado 80202
Hicne: 303/837-4461
Hilary H. Conner, MD.
Regional Health Administrator
Michael Liebman, Liaison Officer
National Center for Health Statistics
Ralph C. Barnes, Director
Division of Prevention
James E . Ver Duft, Chief
Health Banning Branch
Dean Hunger ford, Director
Division of Health Service
George Rold
Office of Intergovernmental Affairs
Federal Regional Council
1961 Stout Street
Denver, Colorado 80202
Phone: 303/837-2751
Russell W. Fitch, Representative
Federal Energy Administration
U .S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
Indian Health Service Area Offices
Montana and Wyoming:
2727 Central Avenue
P.O. Boot 2143
Billings, Montana 59103
Hione: 406/585-6452
REGIONAL COMMISSIONS
Old West Regional Commission Montana
Room 306-A Nebraska
Fratt Building North Dakota
Billings, Montana 59102 South Dakota
Phone: 406/245-6711 Wyoming
Beth Givens
Information Specialist
Four Corners Regional Commission
3535 East 30th Street Arizona
Suite 238 Colorado
Farmington, New Mexico 87401 New Mexico
Hione: 505/327-9626 Utah
Carl A. Larson
Executive Director
MULTISTATE OFFICES
Fort Union Regional Task Forces
State Capitol
Bismarck, North Dakota 58505
Phone: 701/224-2916
Sheila Miedema
Project Coordinator
Montana
North Dakota
South Dakota
Wyoming
Western Governors' Regional Energy Policy Office
4730 Oakland Street
Denver, Colorado 80239
Hione: 303/371-4280
Donald A. Rapp
Resources Planner
Arizona
Colorado
Montana
Nevada
New Mexico
North Dakota
South Dakota
Utah
Wyoming
Richard ]. Anderson, Assistant Area Director
Environmental Health and Engineering Programs
North Dakota and South Dakota:
Aberdeen Area, IHS
115 4th Street, S.E.
Aberdeen, South Dakota 57401
Phone: 605/782-7553
Bill F. Pearson, Chief
Office of Environmental Health
Utah:
Navajo Area, IHS
P.S.BoxG
Window Rock, Arizona 86515
Phone: 602/871-5851
Donald G. Myer, Assistant Area Director
Environmental Health and Engineering Programs
-56-
-------
COLORADO
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Colorado Department of Health
4210 Bast 11th Avenue
Denver, Colorado 80220
Phone: 303/388-6111
Edward G. Dreyfus, M.D., M.P.H.
Executive Director
Extension 315
Thomas M. Vernon, M.D., Chief
Epidemiology Section
Extension 252
Robert E. Fontaine, M.D.
Epidemic Intelligence Service ( ELS) Officer
Extension 252
Orlen J. Wiemann, Chief
Milk, Food and Drug Section
Engineering and Sanitation Division
Extension 265
Donald J. Davids, Chief
Records and Statistical Section
Extension 237
(Health Information)
E. P. Pugsley, Ph.D., Director
Engineering and Sanitation Division
Extension 325
STATE PLANNING AGENCY
Region 4 - El Paso, Park, and Teller Counties
Pikes Peak Area Council of Governments
27 East Vermijo Avenue
Colorado Springs, Colorado 80903
Phone: 303/471-7080
Michael Meehan, Executive Director
Region 5 - Lincoln, Elbert, Kit Carson, and
Cheyenne Counties
East Central Council of Governments
Box 28
Stratton, Colorado 80836
Phone: 303/348-5562
Maryjo M. Downey, Director
Region 6 - Crowley, Kiowa, Otero, Bent, Prowers,
and Baca Counties
Lower Arkansas Valley Council of Governments
Bent County Courthouse
Las Animas, Colorado 81054
Phone: 303/456-0692
James N. Miles, Executive Director
Region 7 - Pueblo County and City of Pueblo
Pueblo Area Council of Governments
1 City Hall Place
Pueblo, Colorado 81003
Phone: 303/545-0562
State Planning Department Fred E. Weisbrod, Executive Director
1525 Sherman Street, Room 617
Denver, Colorado 80203 Region 8 - Saguache, Mineral, Rio Grande, Alamosa,
Phone: 303/892-3310 Conejos, and Costilla Counties
M.E. Nightingale
State Planning Director
REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSIONS
Region 1 - Sedgwick, Phillips, Yuma, Logan,
Washington, and Morgan Counties
Northeastern Colorado Council of Gov'ts
P. O. Box 1782
Sterling, Colorado 80751
Phone: 303/522-0040
John Harrington, Executive Director
Region 2 - Larimer and Weld Counties
Larimer-Weld Regional Council of Gov'ts
201 East Fourth Street, Room 201
Loveland, Colorado 80537
Phone: 303/667-3288
San Luis Valley Council of Governments
Adams State College, Box 123
Alamosa, Colorado 81101
Phone: 303/589-7925
Rondall Phillips, Director
Region 9 - Dolores, Montezuma, La Plata, San Juan
and Archuleta Counties
San Juan Basin Regional Planning Commission
1911 North Main
Durango, Colorado 81301
Phone: 303/259-1440
Lynn Vandegrift, Planner-In-Charge
Region 10 - Gunnison, Delta, Montrose, Ouray,
San Miguel, and Hinsdale Counties
District 10 Regional Planning Commission
107 S. Cascade, P. O. Box 341
Richard D. MacRavey, Director
Region 3 - Denver, Adams, Arapahoe, Boulder,
Jefferson, Douglas, Clear Creek and
Gilpin Counties
Denver Regional Council of Governments
1776 South Jackson Street, Suite 200
Denver, Colorado 80210
Phone: 303/758-5166
Robert D. Farley, Executive Director
-------
REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSIONS (Cont'd)
Region 11 - Garfield, Moffat, Mesa, and
Rio Blanco Counties
Colorado West Area Council of Governments
1400 Access Road, P.O. Box 351
Rifle, Colorado 81650
Phone: 303/625-1723
Steve Schmitz, Director
Region 12 - Routt, Jackson, Grand, Summit,
Eagle, and Pitkin Counties
Northwest Colorado Council of Governments
Holiday Centex Bldg., P. O. Box 737
Frisco, Colorado 80443
Phone: 303/468-5445
Lee Wiilsey, Director
Region 13 - Lake, Chaffee, Fremont, and
Custer Counties
Upper Arkansas Area Council of Governments
425 1/2 Main Street, Box 510
Canon City, Colorado 81212
Phone: 303/275-8350
Frank Cervi, Director
Area III
Western Colorado Health Systems Agency, Inc.
P. O. Box 2007
Grand Junction, Colorado 81501
Phone: 303/858-3643,- Fruita
Carroll E. Rushold, Vice-Chairman
STATE ENERGY OFFICE
Governor's Office
State Capitol Building, Room 127
Denver, Colorado 80203
Phone: 303/892-2471
Burman Lorenson, Director
SOURCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC DATA
Colorado Department of Local Affairs
Division of Planning
1845 Sherman
Denver, Colorado 80203
HEALTH PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
(Designated focal point in development process)
Colorado Department of Health
4210 East Eleventh Street
Denver, Colorado 80220
Phone: 303/388-6111
Edward M. Dreyfus, M.D., Director
Present State Comprehensive Health Planning Agency
EmmettG. Zerr, Jr., Director
Comprehensive Health Planning
Extension 356
HEALTH SYSTEMS AGENCIES
Area I
Central Northeast Colorado Health Systems
Agency, Inc.
1600 South Albion, Suite 400
Denver, Colorado 80222
Phone: 303/861-8811, Ext. 242
Joseph Barrow, President
Area n
Southeastern Colorado Health Systems Agency
Agency, Inc.
West Fourth and Washington Street
Leadvllle, Colorado 80461
Phone: 303/486-0230, Ext. 260
Tom Nord, President
-58-
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MONTANA
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
State Department of Health and Environmental
Sciences
Cogswell Building
Helena, Montana 59601
Arthur C. Knight, M.D., Director
Phone: 406/449-2544
Martin D. Skinner, M.D., Chief
Preventive Health Services Bureau
Phone: 406/449-2645
Harry F. Hull, M.D.
Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) Officer
Phone: 406/449-2645
Vernon E. Sloulin, Chief
Environmental Services Bureau
Phone: 406/449-2408
John C. Wilson
State Registrar
Phone: 406/449-2614
(Health Information)
Benjamin F. Wake, Administrator
Environmental Sciences Division
Phone: 406/449-3454
STATE PLANNING AND RESOURCES AGENCIES
Department of Intergovernmental Relations
1424 Ninth Avenue
Helena, Montana 59601
Phone: 406/449-3757
Harold M. Price, Administrator
Division of Planning
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS
Capitol Station
Helena, Montana 59601
Phone: 406/449-3757
Judith H. Carlson, Director
C.R. Draper, Administrator
Research and Information Systems
Harold M. Price, Administrator
Division of Planning
Barbara Garrett, Planner
Division of Planning
Department of Natural Resources and Conservation
32 South Ewlng
Natural Resources ftiiMing
Helena, Montana 59601
Phone: 406/449-3780
Gary Wicks, Director
Albert C. Tsao, Administrator
Energy Planning Division
DISTRICT PLANNING COUNCILS
District 1 - Daniels, Phillips, Roosevelt, Sheridan,
and Valley Counties
High Plains Provisional Council for District One
P.O. Box 836
Scobey, Montana 59203
Phone: 406/487-5026
V.C. Tousley, Administrator
District 4 - Blaine, Hill, and Liberty Comities
Bear Paw Development Corporation of
Northern Montana
P.O. Box 1549, Hill County Courthouse
Havre, Montana 59501
Phone: 406/265-9226
Tony Preite, Executive Director
District 6 - Fergus, Golden Valley, Judith Basin,
Musselshell, Petroleum, and Wheatland
Counties
Central Montana District Six Council
P.O. Box 302
Roundup, Montana 59072
Phone: 406/343-2547
Ralph Glldroy, Director
District 11 - Mineral, Missoula, and Raralli Counties
District Eleven Council of Governments
c/o Board of County Commissioners
Missoula County Courthouse
Missoula, Montana 59801
Wilfred V. Thibodeau
PLANNING COORDINATORS
Rosebud County
Eldon Rice, Planning Coordinator
Rosebud County Office Building
Forsyth, Montana 59327
Phone: 406/356-7551
Big Horn County
Rusty Rokita, Planning Coordinator
Big Horn County Courthouse
Hardin, Montana 59034
Phone: 406/665-2874
HEALTH PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
(Designated focal point in development process)
State Health Planning and Resource Development
Agency
510 Logan Street
Helena, Montana 59601
Phone: 406/587-3121
Robert Johnson, Director
-59-
-------
HEALTH SYSTEMS AGENCY
Montana Health Systems Agency
P. O. Box 302
Roundup, Montana 59072
Phone: 406/323-2547
Ralph Gildroy, Governing Board Chairman
STATE ENERGY OFFICE
Montana Energy Advisory Council
State Capitol
Helena, Montana 59601
Phone: 406/449-3773
Theodore H. Clack, Staff Coordinator
SOURCES OF DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Department of Community Affairs
Capitol Station
Helena, Montana 59601
Phone: 406/449-3780
C.R. Draper; Administrator
Research and Information Systems
-------
NORTH DAKOTA
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
North Dakota Department of Health
State Capitol
Bismarck, North Dakota 58505
Jonathan B. Weisbuch, M.D.
State Health Officer
Phone: 701/224-2371
Willis H. Van Heuvelen, Chief
Environmental Health and Engineering
Phone: 701/224-2371
Kenneth Mosser, Director
Communicable Disease Control
Phone: 701/224-2376
Kenneth W. Tardif, Director
Environmental Sanitation and Food Protection
Phone: 701/224-2382
Richard Blair, Director
Division of Health Statistics
Phone: 701/224-2360
STATE PLANNING AND RESOURCES AGENCIES
State Planning Division
State Capitol, Fourth Floor
Bismarck, North Dakota 58501
Phone: 701/224-2818
Austin Engel, Director
Bonnie Austin Banks, Assistant Director
State Board for Vocational Education
State Office Building
900 East Boulevard
Bismarck, North Dakota 58501
Phone: 701/224-3187
Ted Renner
Ike Ellison, Natural Resources Coordinator
Governor's Office
State Capitol
Bismarck, North Dakota 58505
Phone: 701/224-2200
Coal Impact Information Project
Cooperative Extension Service
North Dakota State University
Fargo, North Dakota 58102
Phone: 701/237-7392
Fort Union Regional Task Forces
North Dakota Legislative Council
State Capitol
Bismarck, North Dakota 58505
Phone: 701/224-2916
Sheila Mledema, Project Coordinator
REGIONAL PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS
Region 1 - Divide, McKenzle and Williams Counties
Willlston Basin RC&D
Law Enforcement Center
512 Fourth Avenue, NE
Willlston, North Dakota 58801
Phone: 701/572-8191
Region II - Bottineau, Burke, McHenry, Mountrail,
Pierce, Renville, and Ward Counties
Souris Basin Planning Council
Minot State College
Dakota Hall, Room 116
Minot, North Dakota 58701
Phone: 701/839-6641
Lloyd Hendrickson, Executive Director
Region m - Benson, Cavalier, Eddy, Ramsey,
Roulette, and Towner Counties
North Central Planning Council
P. O. Box 651
Devils Lake, North Dakota 58301
Phone: 701/662-8131
Richard Mullins, Director
Region IV - Grand Fork, Nelson, Pembina, and
Walsh Counties
Red River RC&D
P. O. Box 633
Grafton, North Dakota 58237
Phone: 701/352-3550
Julius Wangler, Executive Director
Region V - Cass, Ransom, Richland, Sargent,
Steele and Traill Counties
Lake Agassiz Regional Council
319 1/2 North Fifth Street
Fargo, North Dakota 58102
Phone: 701/235-7885
Robert Conklin, Executive Director
Region VI - Barnes, Dickey, Foster, Griggs,
La Moure, Logan, Mcintosh, Stutsman
and Wells Counties
South Central Dakota Regional Council
701 Third Avenue, SE
Jamestown, North Dakota 58401
Phone: 701/252-8060
Maurice Zink, Executive Director
Region VII - Burleigh, Emmons, Grant, Kidder, McLean,
Mercer, Morton, Oliver, Sheridan and
Sioux Counties
Lewis and Clark 1805 RCD
P. O. Box 236
Mondan, North Dakota 58554
Phone: 701/663-6587
Duncan Warren, Project Director
Region VQI - Adams, Billings, Bowman, Dunn, Golden
Valley, Metlinger, Slope and Stark Counties
Roosevelt-Custer Regional Council
19 West First Street
Dickinson, North Dakota 58601
Gilbert Schwandt, Project Coordinator
Ron Kledrowski, Executive Director
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HEALTH PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
(Designated focal point in development process)
State Department of Health
Capitol Building
Bismarck, North Dakota 58501
Phone: 701/224-2372
Jonathan B. Weisbuch, M.D., Director
Present State Comprehensive Health Planning Agency
Edward L. Sypnieski, Director
Division of Health Planning
Phone: 701/224-2894
SOURCES OF DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
State Board for Vocational Education
State Office Building
900 East Boulevard
Bismarck, North Dakota 58501
Phone: 701/224-3187
Ted Renner
Social Science Research Institute
University of North Dakota
University Station .
Grand Forks, North Dakota 58201
HEALTH SYSTEMS AGENCY
Area 1
Western North Dakota Health Systems Agency
219 North Seventh Street
Bismarck, North Dakota 58501
Sister Anita Wolf, President
DISTRICT HEALTH UNITS
Custer District - Mercer, Oliver, Morton, Grant
and Sioux Counties
Custer District Health Unit
2102 Avenue NW
P.O. Box 185
Mandan, North Dakota 58554
Phone: 701/663-4243, Ext. 46
Frailly E. Gilchrist
Area Public Health Administrator
First District - McLean, Sheridan, Ward, McHenry,
Burke, Renville, and Bottineau Counties
First District Health Unit
801 11th Avenue SW
Minot, North Dakota 58701
Phone: 701/852-1376
O.S. Uthus, M.D., Executive Director
Southwestern District - Dunn, Stark, Billings, Golden
Valley, Slope, Hettinger, Bowman,
and Adams Counties
Southwestern District Health Unit
Pulvar Hall, Dickinson College
P.O. Box 1208
Phone: 701/227-0171
JohnE. Fields
Area Public Health Administrator
STATE ENERGY OFFICE
Governor's Office
Capitol Building
Bismarck, North Dakota 58501
Phone: 701/224-2200
Charles Metzger, Ph.D.
Energy Advisor for
Governor Arthur A. Link
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SOUTH DAKOTA
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
South Dakota State Department of Health
State Office Building #2
Pierre, South Dakota 57501
Ms. Judith K. Call
Secretary of Health
Phone: 605/224-3361
James D. Corning, Director
Communicable Disease Control and
Laboratory Services
Phone: 605/224-3143
Howard Hutchings, Chief
Section of Environmental Sanitation
Phone: 605/224-3141
William Johnson
Office of Public Health Statistics
Joe Fosse Office Building
Pierre, South Dakota 57501
Phone: 605/224-3355
(Health Information)
Sherman Folland, Ph.D., Health Economist
Health Manpower and Linkage Project
STATE PLANNING AND RESOURCES AGENCIES
State Planning Bureau
State Capitol Building
Pierre, South Dakota 57S01
Phone: 605/224-3661
Dan Bucks, Commissioner
Department of Environmental Protection
State Office Building
Pierre, South Dakota 57501
Phone: 605/224-3351
Dr. AllynO. Lockner, Secretary
PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT DISTRICTS
District I - Brookings, Clark, Codington, Deuel,
Grant, Hamlin, Kingsbury, Lake,
Miner, and Moody Counties
Planning and Development District I
401 1st Avenue, NE
Watertown, South Dakota 57201
Phone: 605/886-7224
Lowell D. Richards, Director
District n - Clay, Lincoln, McCook, Minnehaha,
Turner, and Union Counties
Planning and Development District H
(South Eastern Council of Governments)
208 East 13th
Sioux Palls, South Dakota 57102
Phone: 605/336-1297
William B. Choate, Director
District HI - Aurora, Bon Homme, Drule, Charles Mix,
Davison, Douglas, Gregory, Hanson,
Hutchinson, Jerauld, Sanborn and Yankton
Counties
Planning and Development District in
Yankton County Courthouse
P.O. Box 687
Yankton, South Dakota 57078
Phone: 605/665-4408
Herman Tushaus, Director
District IV - Beadle, Brown, Day, Edmunds, Faulk,
Hand, Marshall, McPherson, Spink,
and Roberts Counties
Planning and Development District IV
310 S. Lincoln
Aberdeen, South Dakota 57401
Phone: 605/229-4740
J. C. Wright, Director
District V - Armstrong, Buffalo, Campbell, Carson,
Dewey, Haakon, Hughes, Hyde, Jones,
Lyman, Mellette, Perkins, Potter, Stanley,
Sully, Todd, Tripp, Walworth, and
Ziebach Counties
Planning and Development District V
365 1/2 S. Pierre Street
P.O. Box 640
Pierre, South Dakota 57501
Phone: 605/224-1623
Dennis W. Potter, Director
District VI - Bennett, Butte, Custer, Fall River,
Harding, Jackson, Lawrence, Meade,
Pennington, Shannon, Washabaugh,
and Washington Counties
Sixth District Council of Local Governments
306 East Saint Joe, P.O. Box 1586
Rapid City, South Dakota 57701
Phone: 605/342-8241
Larry Finnerty, Director
HEALTH PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
(Designated focal point in development process)
Ms. JudithK. Call
Secretary of Health
Department of Health
State Office Building #2
Pierre, South Dakota 57501
Phone: 605/224-3361
Present State Comprehensive Health Planning Agency
Donald G. Kurvink, Director
Comprehensive Health Planning
Phone: 605/224-3693
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HEALTH SYSTEMS AGENCY
South Dakota Health Systems Agency, Inc.
216 East Clark Street
Vermillion, South Dakota 57069
Phone: 605/624-4446
Donald Brekke, Agent of Record
STATE ENERGY OFFICE
Office of Energy Policy
State Capitol Building
Pierre, South Dakota 75701
Phone: 605/224-3603
Max Gors, Director
John Culbertaon, Deputy Director
SOURCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Rural Sociology Department
Agricultural Experiment Station
South Dakota State University B
Brookings, South Dakota 57006
'William Bergan
University of South Dakota
Vermillion, South Dakota 57069
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UTAH
STATE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES
Utah State Division of Health
44 Medical Drive
Salt Lake City, Utah 84113
Lyman J. Olsen, M.D., M.P.H.
Director of Health
Phone: 801/533-6111
Talra Fukushima, M.D., M.P.H.
Deputy Director of Health
Phone: 801/533-6191
E. Arnold Isaacson, M.D., M.P.H.
Deputy Director of Health for
Community Health Services
Phone: 801/533-6111
Alan G. Barbour, M.D.
Epidemic Intelligence Service ( EIS) Officer
Phone: 801/533-6135
MervinR. Reld, Director
Bureau of Sanitation
Environmental Health Services
Phone: 801/533-6163
Lynn M. Thatcher
Deputy Director of Health for
Environmental Health Services
Phone: 801/533-6121
Howard M. Hurst, Director
Bureau of Environmental Health
Phone: 801/533-6121
John Brockert, Director
Bureau of Statistical Services
554 South 300 East
Salt Lake City, Utah 84111
Phone: 801/533-6168
(Health Information)
STATE PLANNING AGENCY
Office of the State Planning Coordinator
State Capitol Building, Roam 118
Salt Lake City, Utah 84114
Phone: 801/533-5356
Burton L. Carlson
State Planning Coordinator
Megan A. Fried land
Resources Analyst
MULTI-COUNTY ASSOCIATIONS OF GOVERNMENT
Bear River - Box Elder, Cache and Rich Counties
Bear River Association of Governments
Cache County Courthouse-Room 210
Logan, Utah 84321
Phone: 801/752-1799
Bruce King, Executive Director
Wasatch Front - Davis, Morgan, Salt Lake, Tooele,
and Weber Counties
Wasatch Front Regional Council
424 West Center Street
Bountiful, Utah 84010
Phone: 801/292-4469
Will Jeffries, Executive Director
Mounta Inland - Summit, Utah and Wasatch Counties
Mountainland Association of Governments
160 East Center Street
Provo, Utah 84601
Phone: 801/377-2262
Homer Chandler, Executive Director
Six County - Juab, Millard, Piute, Sanpete, Sevier,
and Wayne Counties
Six County Commissioners Organization
P.O. Box 725
Richfield, Utah 84701
Phone: 801/896-4675
Marvin J. Ogden, Executive Director
Five County - Beaver,. Garfield, Iron, Kane and
Washington Counties
Five County Association of Governments
145 East 100 South
St. George, Utah 84770
Phone: 801/673-3548
Neal F. Chrlstensen, Executive Director
Uintah Basin - Daggett, Duchesne and Uintah Counties
Uintah Basin Association of Governments
P. O. Box 867
Roosevelt, Utah 84066
Phone: 801/722-4518
Clint Harrison, Executive Director
Energy Planning Council
303 Uintah County Building
Vernal, Utah 84078
Phone: 801/789-2300
Chuck Henderson, Director
Southeastern - Carbon, Emery, Grand and San Juan
Counties
Southeastern Association of Governments
P.O. Drawer A1
Price, Utah 84501
Phone: 801/637-1396
JesseS. Turtle, Executive Director
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HEALTH PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
(Designated focal point in developmental process)
Paul S. Rose, Director
Department of Social Services
Room 221, State Capitol Building
Salt Lake City, Utah 84114
Phone: 801/328-5331
Present State Comprehensive Health Planning Agency
Comprehensive Health Planning Agency
243 East Fourth South
Salt Lake City, Utah 84111
Phone: 801/533-5525
Stewart Smith, Director
HEALTH SYSTEMS AGENCY
Utah Health Systems Agency
Room 118, State Capitol Building
Salt Lake City, Utah 84114
Phone: 801/533-5245
Burton L. Carlson
State Planning Coordinator
STATE ENERGY OFFICE
Department of Natural Resources
State of Utah
Room 438, State Capitol Building
Salt Lake City, Utah 84114
Phone: 801/533-5356
Clifford R. Collings
State Energy Coordinator
SOURCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Office of State Planning Coordinator
Room 118, State Capitol Building
Salt Lake City, Utah 84114
Phone: 801/533-5245
Burton L. Carlson
State Planning Coordinator
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WYOMING
STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
Wyoming Division of Health and Medical Services
State Office Building West
Cheyenne, Wyoming 82002
Lawrence J. Cohen, M.D.
Administrator
Phone: 307/777-7275
H. S. Parish, M.D., M.P.H.
Assistant State Administrator for Division of
Health and Medical Services
Phone: 307/777-7511
Robert L. Coffman, Director
Food and General Sanitation Division
Phone: 307/777-7358
Jo Ann Amen, Deputy State Registrar
Vital Records Services
Division of Health and Medical Services
Department of Health and Social Services
Cheyenne, Wyoming 62001
Phone: 307/777-7312
(Health Information)
STATE PLANNING AND RESOURCES AGENCIES
Department of Economic Planning and Development
720 West 18th Street
Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001
Phone: 307/777-7284
Sherman Karcher, Director
Department of Environmental Quality
Water Quality Division
Hathaway Building
Cheyenne, Wyoming 82002
Phone: 307/777-7781
Arthur E. Williamson, Administrator
Wyoming Community Development Authority
P.O. Box 634
Casper, Wyoming 82602
Phone: 307/265-0603
CITY-COUNTY PLANNING AGENCIES
Lincoln-Unita Counties Planning Office
P.O. Box 389
Kemmerer, Wyoming 83101
Phone: 307/877-3707
Glenn Payne, Director of Planning
Department of Housing and Community
Development
P.O. Box 269
Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001
Phone: 307/638-8977
Peter L. Inniss, Director of Planning
Rawlins -Carbon County Planning Office
P.O. Box 953
Rawlins, Wyoming 82301
Phone: 307/423-5613
Bill Houle, Director of Planning
Casper-Natrona County Planning Office
Intermountaln Building
Casper, Wyoming 82601
Phone: 307/235-6503
Charles L. Davis
City-County Planner
Sweetwater County
County Building
P.O. Box 791
Green River, Wyoming 82935
Phone: 307/875-2611, ext. 42
Dennis Watt
County Planner
Sweetwater County Priority Board
1682 Denver Drive
Rock Springs, Wyoming 82901
Peter Poletto
Executive Director
Regional Planning Office
County Courthouse
Basin, Wyoming 82410
Phone: 307/568-2566
Newell Sorensen
Director of Planning
(Hot Springs, Washalie, and Big Horn Counties)
Laramie-Albany County Regional Planning Office
Room 402, Albany County Courthouse
Laramie, Wyoming 82070
Phone: 307/742-3166
Nick Verma
City-County Planning Director
Douglas-Converse County
City HaU
Douglas, Wyoming 82633
Phone: 307/358-3462
A1 Straessle
City-County Planner
Gillette-Campbell County
400 South Gillette Avenue
P.O. Box 540
Gillette, Wyoming 82716
Phone: 307/682-5289
Joe Racine
City-County Planner
Platte County Joint Planning Office
P.O. Box 718
Wheatland, Wyoming 82201
Phone: 307/322-9128
~avid Sneesby
Planning Director
Sheridan Area Planning Agency
County Courthouae
Sheridan, Wyoming 82801
Phone: 307/672-3426
Les jayne
Plawiiig Director
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CITY-COUNTY PLANNING AGENCIES (Cont'd)
HEALTH SYSTEMS AGENCY
City of Lander
City Hail
Lander, Wyoming 82520
Phone: 307/332-2588
Tom Curren
Planning Director
Northeast Wyoming Three County Joint Powers Board
7 North Seneca
Newcastle, Wyoming 82701
Phone: 307/746-2433
Dick Winter, Director
(Niobrara, Crook, and Weston Counties)
Rock Springs Planning Office
Rock Springs, Wyoming 82901
Phone: 307/362-6892
Bill Banks
City Planner
Fremont County
County Courthouse
Lander, Wyoming 82520
Phone: 307/332-5371
Ron Martin
Planning Director
Buffalo-Johnson County Planning Office
Box 204
Buffalo, Wyoming 82834
Phone: 307/684-7648
Rich Douglass
Planning Director
INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATION
Southwest Wyoming Industrial Association
638 Elias
Rock Springs. Wyoming 82901
Phone: 307/382-4190
Kim Briggs
Executive Director
Wyoming Health Systems Agency
P.O. Box 812
Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001
Phone: 307/635-2426
Roy W. Stickel, President
STATE ENERGY OFFICE
Department of Economic Planning and Development
720 West 18th Street
Cheyenne, Wyoming 82002
Phone: 307/777-7284
John Niland
John Goodier
SOURCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Economic Research Unit
State Planning Coordinator's Office
720 West 18th Street
Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001
Division of Business and Economic Research
University of Wyoming
P.O. Box 3295
Laramie, Wyoming 82071
Phone: 307/766-5141
Dr. Mike Joehnk, Director
HEALTH PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT AGENCY
(Designated focal point in planning process)
Lawrence Cohen. M.D., Director
Department of Health and Medical Services
State Office Building
Cheyenne, Wyoming 82001
Phone: 307/777-7277
Present State Comprehensive Health Planning Agency
Lawrence Bertilson, Director
Comprehensive Health Planning
Phone: 307/777-7361
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