Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians
Box 900
Belcourt, North Dakota 58316
SUBMITTED TQ: U,3,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
T.M. LAKE WATER QUALITY
ASSESSMENT
June 1
¦ -4* *t
Prepared By: Ronald 7X Og"i? Turtle Mt, Natural Resources Laka W»*$ sr.Quality
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TURTLE MOUNTAIN LAKE WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT
JULY, 1991 THRU JUNE, 1992
PREPARED FOR:
THE
TURTLE MOUNTAIN BAND OF CHIPPEWA INDIANS
AND
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION VIII; DENVER, CO
Written and Prepared by:
Ronald D. Davis
Turtle Mountain Natural Resources Department
Lake Water Quality Program
May, 1993
U.S. EPA Region 8 us
Denver Colorado
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY i
I. INTRODUCTION 1
II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 3
III. DATA BASE DEVELOPMENT 5
IV. CONSIDERATIONS AND CASE STUDIES 8
BELCOURT LAKE 8
JARVIS LAKE 10
WHEATON LAKE 12
GORDON LAKE 14
V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 16
BIBLIOGRAPHY 18
APPENDIX A 19
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TURTLE MOUNTAIN BAND OF CHIPPEWA
LAKE WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT STUDY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Clean Lakes Program began in 1972 under Section 314 of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act and was amended in 1987 by
adding a new section 518 entitled "Indian Tribes". This Act
authorizes EPA to treat federally recognized Indian Tribes as
States for financial assistance. The Turtle Mountain Band of
Chippewa received treatment as a State in 1989 and subsequently a
Lake Water Quality Assessment (LWQA) grant was issued in 1990 under
Section 314 of the Clean Lakes Act. The purpose of the LWQA was to
assess the current status of lake water quality on the Turtle
Mountain Reservation (TMR) lakes. The information collected under
this program was intended to provide a framework in which
comparisons and trends can be made for future assessments, for
protection of current conditions, and for the development of lake
management strategies/practices.
The Turtle Mountain LWQA study consisted of an assessment on
four lakes associated with the TM Chippewa Indian Reservation:
Belcourt, Gordon, Jarvis, and Wheaton lakes. The data derived from
the project was used to classify the lakes according to their
trophic status of biological productivity as measured by physical,
chemical, and biological parameters. The trophic state of a lake
is determined by a number of factors including latitude, altitude,
climate, watershed characteristics, soil types, human activities,
and lake morphometry. The three broad factors seem to be the most
important are climate, nutrient supply, and lake depth.
The study examined the water quality of four Tribally managed
lakes. All four lakes studied are within close proximity to each
other and have similar designated uses:
> Fisheries
> Immerse recreation - swimming, skiing, etc.
> Limited contact recreation
> Stock watering and wildlife habitat
The population within a 20-mile radius is estimated to be around
20,000. The four lakes surveyed on the TMR occur at elevations
ranging from 2012 to 2135 feet above sea level. The latitude of
the four lakes range from 48° 52'30 at Belcourt Lake to 48° 55'30" at
Jarvis and Gordon Lakes, which is very close to the Canadian Border
located on the 49th degree latitude. The Turtle Mountains have a
wide variety of seasonal temperature extremes varying from 90°F to
100° F in the summer to temperatures of -30° F to -40° F in the
winter. The lakes are quite shallow, having mean depths less that
15 feet. The lakes vary in size from 56 acres at Wheaton Lake to
593 acres at Belcourt Lake.
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The same parameters were analyzed on each of the four lakes,
with an emphasis on Belcourt Lake, due to the proximity of the lake
to the majority of the population. The lake water samples that
were taken on monthly basis from Belcourt Lake and analyzed by the
North Dakota State Department of Health and Consolidated
Laboratories in Bismarck, ND. The samples from the other three
lakes - Jarvis, Gordon, and Wheaton Lakes - were taken on a
quarterly basis. Samples were collected from July, 1991 throughout
June, 1992. Sampling stations were located at mid-depth in the
deepest portion of the lakes.
The field parameters that were analyzed monthly at surface and
bottom depths on all four lakes were: total depth and sample
depth, temperature, conductivity, alkalinity (surface), pH,
dissolved oxygen, and secchi transparency. The parameters that
were sent to the North Dakota State Laboratory for analysis each
month were: total phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus, nitrite
+ nitrate, ammonia (N) , chlorophyll-a, and total suspended solids.
In addition, the following parameters were analyzed by the State
Laboratory on a one time basis from each lake (see Appendix A) :
calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, sodium,
bicarbonate, carbonate, chloride, sulfate, total hardness, total
dissolved solids, sodium adsorption ratio, and total kjeldahl
nitrogen.
Trophic status was assessed for each lake in the assessment
data base using Carlson's Trophic State Index (TSI). This index
was developed from the interrelationships of summer Secchi trans-
parency and epiliminic concentrations of chlorophyll-a and total
phosphorus. The resulting index value generally range from 0 to
100 with increasing values indicating more eutrophic conditions.
This data reflects the current conditions of the lakes,
although temporary and spatial fluctuations do occur naturally.
Table 1 summarizes the chemical information collected on the four
lakes. In many respects, these lakes were found to be very
similar. As is evident from the dissolved oxygen and temperature
plots, under ice cover concentrations of oxygen become critical in
all four lakes.
Belcourt Lake, which was emphasized in this assessment, had a
TSI of 64.6. This indicates that the lake is moderately eutrophic.
Because of these conditions, Belcourt Lake is a high priority for
a Phase I study which would specifically document the causes of the
problem and recommend remediation measures. Currently, the Bureau
of Indian Affairs is proposing to eliminate the resident fish
population and restock the lakes with more desirable species.
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The second most eutrophic lake in the assessment is Jarvis
Lake with a TSI of 62.5. Since all three index values were very
similar, it is assumed that the index provides an accurate
representation of the lake's condition. Jarvis Lake would also be
an appropriate candidate for a Phase I study. This is impacted by
cattle and associated feedlot activities in the watershed.
Gordon and Wheaton Lakes had a similar TSI values at 50.9 and
49.8 respectively. Phosphorus and chlorophyll-a TSI values
indicate a mid-eutrophic condition, while transparency indicates a
oligotrophic/mesotrophic status. Neither of these two lakes have
shoreline development or livestock feedlots which impact the lakes.
It is important that measures be taken to ensure that water quality
is not impaired in the future.
Table 1. Carlson Trophic Index Values
BELCOURT GORDON WHEATON JARVIS
Secchi 56.55 38.62 39.75 62.50
Total P 68.07 58.41 56.62 62.45
Chlorophyll-a 69.20 55.73 53.16 62.66
TSI Mean 64.61 50.92 49.84 62.53
In the near future, a thorough study of the watershed
characteristics and sources of pollution (point and non-point)
would be in priority for the Tribe's next lake project. A Phase I
Clean Lakes study may be proposed, which would include Belcourt and
Jarvis Lakes.
It is of the utmost importance that all people, especially
Native Americans, take the lead to preserve and protect all natural
resources - particularly water. Our creator does not want us to
destroy our natural resources for if we destroy these invaluable
and irreplaceable assets, we will be destroying ourselves.
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-1-
Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa
Lake Water Quality Assessment Report
I. INTRODUCTION
The Clean Lakes Program began in 1972 under Section 314 of
the Federal Water Pollution Control Act and was amended in 1987 by
adding a new section 518 entitled "Indian Tribes." This Act
authorizes the EPA to treat federally recognized Indian Tribes as
States for financial assistance, as well as other certain
provisions. Section 518 establishes three broad tests an Indian
Tribe must meet before treatment as a State is authorized. The
Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa has recieved treatment as a State
since 1989, when it recieved a Section 106 grant of the Clean water
Act.
The purpose of this assessment is to collect and generate
data- on four Turtle Mountain (TM) lakes- that will provide a
framework in which comparisons and trends can be made not only for
future assessments, but also protection of current conditions and
generate information which will be useful in lake management
practices.
The report is divided into four chapters and an appendix
that includes the data that is used in this report. The following
is a brief summary of each chapter:
Project Description - This chapter will provide a general
discussion of the Turtle Mountain Lake Water Quality Assessment
Program (TMLWQA).
Data Base Development - This chapter includes the sampling,
analytical, and data analysis procedures that were used in this
assessment.
Considerations and Case Studies - This chapter discuss each of the
four lakes in the TMLWQA in detail and also will identify a number
of factors or "considerations" that should be taken into account
when setting water quality standards that are suitable for
protecting uses of lake resources from further deterioration or for
improving or expanding use of this resource. Such factors as
trophic status, lake morphometry and mixing status, fisheries, land
and watershed uses, and user expectations will be considered in
this chapter.
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-2-
Conclusions and Recommendations - This chapter will discuss the
assessment that brought together a body of information on the water
quality of TM lakes. It was not intended to address all aspects of
lake management, as lake management includes a number of other
issues including fisheries, macrophytes, watershed and shoreline
protection- to name a few, although some of these issues are
discussed as they relate to water quality.
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-3-
II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Each lake in the Clean Lakes Program requires a monitoring
plan. The Turtle Mountain Lake Water Quality Assessment (TMLWQA)
Program consisted of an assessment of four lakes on the TM Chippewa
Indian Reservation or adjacent to it -Belcourt, Gordon, Jarvis, and
Wheaton lakes. The purpose of the project was to classify the
lakes according to their trophic status or biological productivity
as measured by physical, chemical, and biological parameters, with
the lakes with the lowest biological productivity or lowest
concentrations of plant nutrients called oligotrophic, and the
lakes with high concentrations of plant nutrients or biological
productivity called eutrophic. Lakes with characteristics between
oligotrophic and eutrophic are called mesotrophic. The trophic
state of a lake is determined by a number of factors including
latitude, altitude, climate, watershed characteristics, soil types,
human activities, and lake morphometry. Three broad factors seem
to the most important -climate, nutrient supply, and the lake
depth. Generally, lakes in colder climates tend to be less
productive, while warmer climates promote more eutrophic
conditions. The mean depth is extemely important when determining
trophic status. Most oligotrophic lakes tend to be deepest and the
shallower the lake the more the eutrophic the conditions tend to
be. By the same token, the effect that depth has plays a major
role in reducing nutrient concentrations (USEPA, 1980) -the
solution to pollution is dilution.
The four lakes in the TMLWQA occur at elevations ranging from
2012 to 2135 feet above sea level. The latitude of the four lakes
range from 48°52'30" at Belcourt Lake to 48®55'30" at Jarvis and
Gordon Lakes, which is very close to the Canadian border located on
the 49th degree latitude. The Turtle Mountains have a wide variety
of seasonal temperature extremes varying from 90"F to 100°F in the
summer to temperatures of -30"F to -40°F in the winter, with wind
chill factors much colder. The lakes are quite shallow, as the
mean depth of each lake will affirm: Belcourt Lake= 12.5 feet,
Gordon Lake= 15 feet, Jarvis Lake= 11 feet, and Wheaton Lake= 12
feet. The lakes vary in size from 56 acres at Wheaton Lake to 593
acres at Belcourt Lake.
The TMLWQA examines the water quality of four Tribally managed
lakes. The same parameters were analyzed on each of the four lakes,
with an emphasis on Belcourt Lake- due to the proximity of the lake
to the majority of the population. The lake water samples that
were taken from Belcourt Lake were analyzed by the North Dakota
State Department of Health and Consolidated Laboratories in
Bismarck, D on a monthly basis. The samples were either driven
directly to the lab or were shipped via Federal Express. The
samples from the other three lakes- Jarvis, Gordon, and Wheaton
Lakes- were delivered to the State Lab on a quarterly basis.
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-4-
The parameters that were analyzed in the field each month for each
of the four lakes in the assessment were as follows:
-Depth
-Temperature (top & bottom)
-Conductivity (top & bottom)
-Alkalinity (top)
-pH (top & bottom)
-Secchi disk (transparency)
-Dissolved oxygen (top & bottom)
The parameters that were sent to the State Lab for analysis every
month were as follows (one meter below surface):
-Total phosphorus
-Total dissolved phosphorus
-Nitrites/nitrates
-Chlorophyll a
-Total suspended solids
-Ammonia
The following parameters were analyzed by the State Lab one time
from each of the four lakes (one meter below surface) for comparison
purposes (see Appendix I):
-Total phosphorus -Anion sum
-Ammonia -Calcium
-Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen -Chloride
-Nitrite -Iron
-Alkalinity -Magnesium
-pH -Manganese
-Conductivity -Potassium
-Bicarbonate -Sodium
-Carbonate -Sodium %
-Total hardness -Sulfate
-Total dissolved solids -Cation sum
-Sodium adsorption ratio
Due to unfortunate and unanticipated circumstances, a
infinitesimal amount of work was completed towards the watershed
and drainage area characteristics and also in the areas of point
and non-point sources of pollution. The contributing factors that
lead to these inauspicious happenings were mainly a shortage of
time, money, and also the lack of expertise in these areas.
However, a general understanding of these areas may be all that is
needed for all the TM Chippewa Tribe's requirements at this point.
In the near future, depending on the funds that are available, a
thorough study of the watershed characteristics and sources of
pollution (point and non-point) would be in sequence for the
Tribe's next project (Phase I), which could include Belcourt and
Jarvis Lakes.
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-5-
III. DATA BASE DEVELOPMENT
The data that was used for this assessment was collected from
four Tribal lakes- Belcourt, Jarvis, Gordon, and Wheaton, with an
emphasis on Belcourt Lake. The measurements that were used include
the physical characteristics such as temperature, sample depth,
secchi disk depth, and lake stratification and mixing. The
chemical characteristics that were measured include conductivity,
pH, alkalinity, dissolved ions (phosphorus, nitrites/nitrates,
ammonia), and dissolved oxygen. Also measured were the biological
characteristics, including chlorophyll-a, total suspended solids,
and macrophytes (species). The data was collected by the TM Lake
Water Quality staff of one.
Water quality data was collected from July, 1991 throughout
June, 1992 on a monthly basis, with the samples taken from Belcourt
Lake sent in to the ND state Lab every month and the samples taken
from Gordon, Jarvis, and Wheaton Lake sent in to the State Lab on
a quarterly basis, however, as stated earlier certain parameters
were sampled for each month on each of the four lakes- such as
depth, temperature, conductivity, alkalinity, pH, secchi disc, and
dissolved oxygen- and were analyzed by the TM staff. Sampling
stations were located at midlake at the greatest depth. The
samples were collected with an alpha sampler water bottle with a
maximum volume of 4.2 liters. The samples that were to be field
tested were all analyzed immediately, except for alkalinity and
titration of dissolved oxygen (fixed in field immediately) , however
the relatively short distances from the wet lab, located at the
Natural Resources building in Belcourt, enabled the samples to be
brought back and either analyzed (D.O. & alkalinity) or prepared
for delivery to the State Lab within six hours from the time of
collection.
The methods that were employed by the ND State Lab for
analysis are displayed in Table 2. The method that was used for
determining total phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus,
nitrates/nitrates, and ammonia was flow injection analysis with a
precision of 5% and accuracy of 7-10% as shown in Table 2. The
method that was used to determine total suspended solids was
gravimetric means with a precision of 10% and accuracy of 10%.
Chlorophyll-a samples were chilled and wrapped in aluminum foil
immediately after being filtered through 4.7 cm diameter glass
microfibre filters within six hours of collection. The samples
were analyzed at the State Lab by spectrophotometer and corrected
for pheophytin, according to Standard Methods (APHA, 19 89). A
Fisher Scientific Accument Model 1002 pH meter was used to measure
pH. The pH meter was calibrated each sampling event with standard
buffer solutions of 4.00, 7.00, and 10.00. The method that was
used to determine alkalinity in the wet lab was by titration and
Gran Analysis, also in accordance with Standard Methods. Due to
problems that were encountered in determining color
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TURTLE MOUNTAIN CLEAN LAKES PROGRAM
TABLE 2 : Data Quality Objectives for Deteetability, Accuracy, and'Completeness
SITE
(a)
VARIABLE
METHOD
(Reference)
(b)
LAB
REPORTING
UNITS
REQUIRED
DETECTION
LIMITS '
(Expected
Range)
PRECISION
(%)
ACCURACY
(Absolute
Bias)
COMPLETENESS
2
Alkalinity
Titration and
Gran Analysis
eq/L
<10 mq/L
(L0-500»
107.
10%
90%
2
Conductance
Conductivity
Cell & Meter
pS/cm
10-1000
27.
5%
90%
i
2
Dissolved
Oxygen
Winkler-
Azide
mg/L
¦
2
PH
pH electrode
& meter
pH units
(3-8)
+.1 (field)
+• 1
90%
1
Secchl Disk
Transparancy
Secchi Disk
meters
90%
1
Temperature
Probe
Centigrade
0-30° C
3
Total
Phosphorus
Flow Injection
Analysis
mg/L
(<0.01)
5%
7%
>95%
3
Total
Dissolved
Phosphorus
Flow Injection
Analysis
mg/L
(<0.01)
5%
7%
795%
3
Nitrates
Flow Injection
Analysis
mg/L
K0.01)
5%
7%
>95%
3
Nitrites
Flow Injection
Analysis
mg/L
(<0.005)
5%
7%
>95%
3
Chlorophyll a
Spectrophotometrie
ug/L
(<10)
10%
10%
>•95%
3
Total
Suspended
Solids
' Gravimetric
mg/L
<4
10%
10%
>95%
3
Ammonia
Flow Injection
Analysis
mg/L
(<-0.01)
5%
"l0%
?95%
3
Total
Kjeldahl
Nitrogen
Flow Injection
Analysis
mg/L
« 0.1,)
5%
10%
>95%
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_ea; -U_
Site
Variable
Method
Lab R.U.
R.D.L.
Precision
Accuracy
Completeness
3
Conductivity
Conductivity Cell
and Meter
umhos/cm
(CI)
2\
5%
>95%
3
Alkalinity
Auto Titrator
mg/L
U2)
3*
5%
>95%
3
PH
pH Electrode & meter
pH units
NA(Z-12)
10.1
10.1
>95%
3
Bicarbonate
Auto Titrator
mg/L
(•£0.5)
35
5%
>95%
3
Carbonate
Auto Titrator
mg/L
K0.5)
3'i
5%
>95%
3
Total
Hardness
Calculated
mg/L
>95%
3
Total
Dissolved
Solids
Calculated
mg/L
>95%
3
Sodium
Absorption
Ratio
Calculated
None
>95%
3
Anion
Sum
Calculated
me/L
;>95%
3
Calcium
Inductively
CouDled Plasma
mg/L
<0.01
75
10%
>95%
3
Chloride
Flow Injection
mg/L
(£5)
5%
7%
? 9 5%
3
Iron
Inductively Coupled
P1 asma
ma /L
<0.01
1%
10%
>9 5%
3
Manganese
Inductively Coupled
P1^ smfl
ma /L
CO . 005
1%
10%
?95%
3
Magnesium
Inductively Coupled
P1 Ft Pima
ma /L
£0.1
7%
10%
>95%
3
Potassium
Inductively Coupled
P 1 pi sma
ma /L
<0.5
7%
10%
>95%
3
Sodium
Inductively Coupled
ma /L
<0.01
7%
10%
>95%
3
Sodium %
Calculated
%
^9 5%
3
Sulfate
Flow Injection
n ma/r.
<5
5%
7%
>9 5%
3
Cation Sum
Calculated
me/L
;?9 5%"
a) 1= lake site; 2= field laboratory; 3= analytical laboratory
b) For the most part, the EPA approved method is listed (40 CFR 136). Standard Methods is also listed as a reference, 16th ed.
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-6-
changes, the pH meter was used to determine end points, with the
phenolthalien alkalinity end point at 8.3 and the total alkalinity
end point at 4.5. Conductivity tests were performed in the field
with a YSI Model 33 S-C-T meter and conductivity cell. The meter
was calibrated on each sampling event with conductivity calibration
standards of 0.01 and 0.001 megohms according to manufacturers
specifications. Analysis for dissolved oxygen were accomplished by
the means of a Hach dissolved oxygen test kit which correspond with
the Winkler-Azide method. Under this method the samples were
treated with manganous sulfate (pre-measured pillows) and alkaline
iodide-azide reagent to form an orange-brown precipitate. Upon
acidification of the sample, this floe reacts with iodide to
produce free iodine as I3--, in proportion to the oxygen
concentration. The iodide is then titrated with sodium thiosulfate
to the starch-iodide end point.
Due to relatively short holding times, the samples that were
sent to the State Lab for analysis were filtered, preserved (as
required), cooled on ice, and delivered to the State Lab within 24
hours. One quart of unfiltered and unpreserved lake water was
prepared each month for the State Lab to analyze for total
suspended solids. The sample for total dissolved phosphorus was
filtered and preserved with sulfuric acid and sent to the State lab
in a 200 ml container. A 200 ml container was also sent in for
total P, nitrate/nitrite, and ammonia that was preserved with
sulfuric acid and unfiltered. Only one month there was a problem
that was encountered because the samples were not delivered within
the 24 hour holding time by Federal Express- for which a refund was
recieved. In July, 1991 the samples for total dissolved phosphorus
exceeded the 24 hour holding time. But, since the samples were
preserved and cooled, the results should be representative of the
lakes conditions (Rathke, 1991), although a second set of samples
were sent in to the Lab for additional analysis of total
phosphorus. Due to the relatively short holding times, it was
determined that it was easier to drive the samples down to the
State lab in Bismarck, rather than to use a carrier. Although this
was slightly more expensive and time-consuming (400 miles round
trip) , this assured that the samples were there within the holding
times and also required less handling of the samples.
Trophic Status was assessed for each lake in the assessment
data base using Carlson's Trophic State Index (TSI) (Carlson, 1977) .
This index was developed from the interrelationships of summer
Secchi transparency, and epilimnetic concentrations of chlorophyll-
a and total phosphorus. TSI values are calculated as follows:
In SD
TSI(SD) = 10(6 - In 2)
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-7-
2.04 - 0.68 in Chi
TSI(Chi) = 10(6 - In 2 )
48
in TP
TSI (TP) = 10 (6 - in 3 )
with chlorophyll-a and total phosphorus in ug/1 and Secchi disk in
meters.
The resulting index values generally range from 0 to 100 with
increasing values indicating more eutrophic conditions (with one
exception of some very high TP measurements of the TSIP values will
exceed 100) . The trophic states for the index are defined by using
each doubling of the Secchi transparency as the standard for the
division between each state, i.e. each the transparency doubles
from some base value a decrease in TSIS of 10 units occurs and a
new trophic state will be identified. Because the relationship
between Secchi and total phosphorus is a simple inverse function a
doubling of total phosphorus causes TSIP to increase by 10 units.
The TSI scale and corresponding trophic states are noted in Figure
1. There may be discrepancies that exist between th TSIP, TSIS,
and TSIC values for a given lake, due to the nature of this data
compilation. These discrepancies may require the user to further
evaluate the data to determine which data refects the trophic
status of a lake. If there is a substantial difference between the
TSI values of a given lake (e.g. >5 units) , it is necessary to
determine which index value(s) more accurately reflects the trophic
conditions of the lake. This data reflects the current conditions
of the lakes, although temporary and spatial fluctuations do occur
naturally.
-------
Carlson Trophic Index
Belcourt Lake Gordon Lake Jarvis Lake Wheaton Lake
Total P
Chlorophyll a EIIIlI Secchi disk
TSI
Figure 1
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-8-
IV. CONSIDERATONS AND CASE STUDIES
BELCOURT LAKE
County: Rolette Township: 162N
Latitude: 48 deg. 52 min. 30 sec. Range: 70W
Longitude: 99 deg. 45 min. 30 sec. Section(s): 5,6,7,8, & 9
Area: 593 acres Average Depth: 12.5 ft.
Volume: 7412 acre-feet Watershed/Lake Area:
Origin of Basin: Glacial Thermal Stratification: yes
Major Inflows/Outlets: none (stagnant)
Lake Uses
1. Fisheries
2. Immerse recreation - swimming, skiing, etc
3. Limited contact recreation
4. Stock watering and wildlife habitat
Estimated Population within 20-mile radius: 20,000
Ownership status: Checkerboarded w/ Deeded government, Tribal, and
Trust
Public interest: varies
Chemical parameters
Samples
Concentration
Secchi disk depth (meters)
12
1.27
Total Phosphorus (ug/L)
12
84.0
Chlorophyll a (ug/L)
12
41.83
Alkalinity (mg CaCo3/L)
phenolthalien alkalinity (pH
8.3) 11
3.09
total alkalinity (pH 4.5)
12
235.17
pH (top)
12
8.66
(bottom)
12
8.45
Total suspended solids (mg/L)
12
7.17
Dissolved phosphate as P (mg/L)
12
0.05
Nitrate/nitrite nitrogen (mg/L)
12
0.125
Ammonia (mg/L)
12
0.169
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)
(top)
12
5.65
(bottom)
12
4.53
Conductivity (umhos/deg. C)
(top)
12
400/9.08
(bottom)
12
398.25/9.23
Depth (feet)
12
18.25
TSI Values Mean: 64.61
Secchi disk 56.55
Total phosphorus 68.07
Chlorophyll a 69.20
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-9-
Aquatic Plants
Type of vegetation: cattail and bullrush
Watershed Description
Soil Association within watershed:
Bottineau loam - 3 to 9% slopes
Bottineau loam - 9 to 25% slopes
Kelvin loam - 3 to 9% slopes
Kelvin loam - 9 to 25% slopes
Metigoshe sandy loam - 3 to 9% slopes
Metigoshe sandy loam - 9 to 25% slopes
Divide loam
Eramosh peat
Algal Species and Plant Species: N/A
Fisheries
Mainly bass-panfish-walleye-northern pike & millions of bullheads.
Suffered partial winterkill during winter of 1991-92, due to low
oxygen levels.
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OUGOTROPHIC
25 30 35
MESOTROPHIC
40 45 50
EUTROPH1C
55 60.
HYPEREUTROPHIC
65 .70 75 80
TROPHIC STATE
INDEX
TRANSPARENCY
(METERS)
CH LOROPHYLL-A
(PPB)
TOTAL
PHOSPHORUS
(PPB)
80 100
150
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I'X^.v///
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Mi
10
15
20 25 30 40 50 60
41.83
80 100
150
&«««*:
liXvXw:
A
84.0
FIGURE 1.
CARLSON'S TROPHIC STATE INDEX. Taken from NALMS
BELC0URT LAKE
(1988).
-------
Belcourt Lake
Dissolved Oxygen/Temperature
Mg/L &°C
20
July Aug 8ept Oct Nov Deo Jan Feb Mar April May June
Bi Dissolved oxygen K3 Temp.
1 meter below aurfaoe
July 1991 thru June 1992
Dissolved oxygen/Temp.
Mg/L &'C
jl
¦
1
1 1
m
h L j j i jll
July Aug 8ept Oot Nov Deo Jan Feb Mar April May June
DB Dissolved oxygen SM3 Temp.
1 meter above bottom
-------
Belcourt Lake
Secchi disk/Chlorophyll a/Total P
Meters; ug/L x 100; mg/L
July August 8apt Oct Nov Deo Jan Feb Mar April May June
July 1991 thru June 1992
Secchl (meters)
Chloro a (ug/L) SI TP (mg/L)
-------
B-8 t C 0 1) H T 1 A MS
Turtle Ktn. Indian Reservation
Eoletto County. North Dakota
T 162 N, R 70 W, Sece. 5,6,7,
8,9
Scale: 8" - 1 mile
Average Depth 12J feet
SurfacA Area 593 acres
Volume 7U2 acre-feet
-------
-10-
JARVIS LAKE
County: Rolette
Latitude: 48 deg. 55 min. 30 sec.
Longitude: 99 deg. 4 6 min.
Area: 260 acres
Volume: 2,860 acre-feet
Origin of Basin: Glacial
Township: 163N
Range: 7 0W
Section(s): 19 & 20
Average Depth: 11 ft.
Watershed/Lake Area:
Thermal Stratification;
yes
Major Inflows/Outlets: none (stagnant)
Lake Uses
1. Fisheries
2. Immerse recreation - swimming, skiing, etc
3. Limited contact recreation
4. Stock watering and wildlife habitat
Estimated Population within 20-mile radius: 20,000
Ownership status: Tribal and Deeded Government
Public interest: varies
Chemical parameters
Samples
Concentration
Secchi disk depth (meters)
12
0.84
Total Phosphorus (ug/L)
4
74.0
Chlorophyll a (ug/L)
4
13.0
Alkalinity (mg CaCo3/L)
phenolthalien alkalinity (pH
8.3) 11
14.73
total alkalinity (pH 4.5)
12
253.25
pH (top)
12
8.82
(bottom)
12
8.33
Total suspended solids (mg/L)
4
12.75
Dissolved phosphate as P (mg/L)
4
0.029
Nitrate/nitrite nitrogen (mg/L)
4
0.01
Ammonia (mg/L)
4
0.359
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)
(top)
12
5.4
(bottom)
12
2.7
Conductivity (umhos/deg. C)
(top)
12
450/9.2
(bottom)
12
455/8.7
Depth (feet)
12
19 .8
TSI Values
Secchi disk
Total phosphorus
Chlorophyll a
Mean: 62.53
62.5
62.45
62.66
-------
-11-
Aquatic Plants
Type of vegetation: cattail and bullrush
Watershed Description
Soil Association within watershed:
Kelvin loam - 3 to 9% slopes
Kelvin loam - 9 to 25% slopes
Metigoshe sandy loam - 3 to 9% slopes
Algal Species and Plant Species: N/A
Fisheries
Mainly walleye. Suffered severe winterkill during winter of 1991-
92, due to low oxygen levels. Jarvis Lake was restocked in the
spring of 1992 with rainbow trout, but due to low water levels and
expected low oxygen levels, the lake has a good chance of another
winterkill in the winter of 1992-93.
-------
OUGOTROPHIC MESOTROPHIC EUTROPHIC HYPEREUTROPHIC
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 . 65 , 70 75 80
TROPHIC STATE
INDEX
TRANSPARENCY
(METERS)
CHLOROPHYLLS
(PPB)
TOTAL
PHOSPHORUS
(PPB)
1
¦
§1
¦
1
1
¦
¦
111
iiiiiiifi
ill
0.5
—2 "—
0.84
3 4 5 7 10 15 20 30 40 60 80 100 150
Siii
13?b
15 20 25 30 40 50 60 80 100
FIGURE 3. CARLSON'S TROPHIC STATE INDEX. Taken from NALMS (1988).
JARVIS LAKE
-------
Jarvis Lake
Dissolved oxygen/Temperature
mg/L &0 C
July Aug Sept Oct Nov Deo Jan Feb Mar April May June
Dissolved oxygen
Temp.
1 meter below aurfaoe
July 1991 thru June 1992
Dissolved oxygen/Temp.
mg/L &°C
July Aug 6ept Oct Nov Deo Jan Feb Mar April May June
H Dissolved oxygen EM Temp.
1 meter above bottom
-------
Jarvis Lake
Total P/Secchi disk/Chlorophyll a
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
July Aug 8ept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar April May June
July 1991 thru June 1992
H TP(mg/L) H Secchl(metera) ill Chloro a(ug/L)
Total P & Cholorophyll quarterly basla
mg/L; metere; ug/L x 100
s
i
rf
¦ I
t
I
i
-i
i I i i
MM
1
M
1 1
H
j
H
H
i=
N \
i
I
i mmml
- |m
_j!| i
H
-------
JAKVIS LAKE
TURTLE MOUNTAIN AGENCY
ROLETTE COUNTY, NORTH DAKOTA
T163N, R71W, Sections 21,22 & 28
Scale: 1" = 660'
Average Depth: 11'
Surface Area: 260 Acres
Volume: 2,860 acre feet
-------
-12-
WHEATON LAKE
County: Rolette Township: 163N
Latitude: 48 deg. 55 min. Range: 71W
Longitude: 99 deg. 47 min. 30 sec. Section(s): 25 & 30
Area: 56 acres Average Depth: 12 ft.
Volume: 672 acre-feet Watershed/Lake Area:
Origin of Basin: Glacial Thermal Stratification: yes
Major Inflows/Outlets: none (stagnant)
Lake Uses
1. Fisheries
2. Immerse recreation - swimming, skiing, etc
3. Limited contact recreation
4. Stock watering and wildlife habitat
Estimated Population within 20-mile radius: 20,000
Ownership status: Tribal
Public interest: varies
Chemical parameters Samples
Secchi disk depth (meters) 12
Total Phosphorus (ug/L) 4
Chlorophyll a (ug/L) 4
Alkalinity (mg CaCo3/L)
phenolthalien alkalinity (pH 8.3) 11
total alkalinity (pH 4.5) 12
pH (top) 12
(bottom) 12
Total suspended solids (mg/L) 4
Dissolved phosphate as P (mg/L) 4
Nitrate/nitrite nitrogen (mg/L) 4
Ammonia (mg/L) 4
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)
(top) 12
(bottom) 12
Conductivity (umhos/deg. C)
(top) 12
(bottom) 12
Depth (feet) 12
Concentration
4 .07
38.0
< 10
11.7
302.25
8.66
8.45
2.75
0.022
0.01
0.136
7.4
4.46
513/9.2
507/8.7
20
TSI Values
Secchi disk
Total phosphorus
Chlorophyll a
Mean: 49.84
39 .75
56 .62
53.16
-------
-13-
Acruatic Plants
Type of vegetation: cattail and bullrush
Watershed Description
Soil Association within watershed:
Kelvin loam - 3 to 9% slopes
Kelvin loam - 9 to 25% slopes
Algal Species and Plant Species: N/A
Fisheries
Mainly walleye-panfish-northern pike. Wheaton Lake had good oxygen
levels throughout the winter of 1991-92, and no problems were
encountered from low oxygen levels.
-------
0L1G0TR0PHJC MESOTROPH1C EUTROPHIC HYPEREUTROPHIC
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
TROPHIC STATE
INDEX
.;.>VAV.y.yA;,
.VW/.'.WAV,
•y-y^A^w^1
«*.»yAW.W,
55 60
WxSSM-
65
.70
75
80
•Xy.vX^Iw ' vXyk<\\\vw!
Xv/X'.WXi'
xyA^xw
XWX4W»> YjYttX&ySS.- SKSSSK
:y/>xw//»: w»>x,»x« vv>w
XWWWW' wKssSy
15
10 8 7 6 5
A
49.84
2
1.5
0.5
0.3
TRANSPARENCY
(METERS)
CHLOROPHYLL-A
(PPB)
TOTAL
PHOSPHORUS
(PPB)
w$@m
'XvXvX
l-Xv.'.;.;.;
•XW'»
>:<'*<•:<•
!»X«>!
•Xv.'*
is
%v.v
•>X%w
*SgS
.V.W.N
.•'•AVA
!-XvX'XvM
•XvXs^y/'
MP
/.v.v/avX'.v.'/.
•IvX'tv/X'X'f'Xv
'•XvX«caav.«w;
X*X%,XvX,X,Xy I
•XvXvXv.sw.*. •
4.07
0.5
4 5
10
15 20 30 40 60 80 100 150
x«x-x*:*x-Kj;
!wXv>X'X,XwX
vX^XyXSiXv'wX;
I'X^XvX^xW:
x'vx->x-:;xwx-x
:-x::->:-x-:-XvX-x::
l-jXy/Xy/^vlw.;
I<;XvXwa
$0-
¦;i£x-
X;XX*
¦XvX'X""
>%::&&•
vXX'X'X/I
W&i
:WwXy
xi?x5:W
.y.y.y^y/.;
*
:f>:;X:X;
v>:vw<«
.y.vv.vXv.
¦!WW?Sv
*
10
15
A
10.0
20 25 30 40 50 60 80 100
150
: jIvXw.vavjJ.v^vIv
V.V.V^.V.V.;
.y.v.'.v.sv.v,
^X'XvX'Xv.' ¦
.V//.V//.V
S'&*££x*X'
.¦.v/.v.y.
:<«««•:
:«.v.»x
Ssss
sv/Wv.'X;
::vx<<-xcs-
—r
38.0
'.SV/AV/
x-n^j-x:
:>N\y.>X(
SSHK
X-XW/l-X
FIGURE 4. CARLSON'S TROPHIC STATE INDEX. Taken from NALMS (1988)
WHEAT0N LAKE
-------
Wheaton Lake
Dissolved oxygen/Temperature
mg/L & C
261
July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May June
BB Dissolved oxygen HS Temperature
1 meter below surface
July 1991 thru June 1992
Dissolved oxygen/Temperature
mg/L & C
251
July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May June
HI Dissolved oxygen EH Temperature
1 meter above bottom
-------
Wheaton Lake
Secchi disk/Chlorophyll a/Total P
Meters; ug/L; mg/L x 100
July August 8ept Oot Nov Deo Jan Feb Mar April May June
July 1991 thru June 1992
S3 Secchi (meters) KM Chloro a «10 ug/L) MM TP (mg/L)
-------
WHEATON LAKE
TURTLE MOUNTAIN RESERVATION
ROLETTE COUNTY, NORTH DAKOTA
T163N, R70W, Sections 25 S. 30
Scale: 1" = 660'
Average Depth: 12'
Surface Area: 56 Acres
Volume: 672 acre feet
-------
-14-
GORDON LAKE
County: Rolette
Latitude: 48 deg. 55 min.
Longitude: 99 deg. 46
Area: 164 acres
Volume: 2,460 acre-feet
Origin of Basin: Glacial
Major Inflows/Outlets: nc
Lake Uses
Township: 163N
30 sec. Range: 70W
Section(s): 19 & 30
Average Depth: 15 ft.
Watershed/Lake Area:
Thermal Stratification: yes
e (stagnant)
1. Fisheries
2. Immerse recreation - swimming, skiing, etc
3. Limited contact recreation
4. Stock watering and wildlife habitat
Estimated Population within 20-mile radius: 20,000
Ownership status: Tribal
Public interest: varies
Chemical parameters Samples
Secchi disk depth (meters) 12
Total Phosphorus (ug/L) 4
Chlorophyll a (ug/L) 4
Alkalinity (mg CaCo3/L)
phenolthalien alkalinity (pH 8.3) 11
total alkalinity (pH 4.5) 12
pH (top) 12
(bottom) 12
Total suspended solids (mg/L) 4
Dissolved phosphate as P (mg/L) 4
Nitrate/nitrite nitrogen (mg/L) 4
Ammonia (mg/L) 4
Dissolved oxygen (mg/L)
(top) 12
(bottom) 12
Conductivity (umhos/deg. C)
(top) 12
(bottom) 12
Depth (feet) 12
Concentration
4.40
43.0
13
9.27
233.83
8.69
8.46
3.25
0.036
.00 25
0.121
7.7
5.5
347/9.2
507/9.2
24.5
TSI Values
Secchi disk
Total phosphorus
Chlorophyll a
Mean: 50.92
38.62
58.41
55.73
-------
-15-
Acruatic Plants
Type of vegetation: cattail and bullrush
Watershed Description
Soil Association within watershed:
Kelvin loam - 3 to 9% slopes
Kelvin loam - 9 to 25% slopes
Metegoshe sandy loam - 3 to 25% slopes
Eramosh peat
Algal Species and Plant Species: N/A
Fisheries
Mainly walleye-panfish-northern pike. Gordon Lake had good oxygen
levels throughout the winter of 1991-92, and no problems were
encountered due to low oxygen levels.
-------
20
TROPHIC STATE
INDEX
OUGOTROPHIC
25 30 35
MESOTROPHIC
40 45 50
EUTROPHIC
55 60 .
HYPEREUTROPHIC
65 , 70 75 80
>v.\syX>w/,
50792
ML.™
¦ • y»A^yiv\vvy.
IS
10 8 7 6 5
1.5
0.5
0.3
TRANSPARENCY
(METERS)
CHLOROPHYLL-A
(PPB)
TOTAL
PHOSPHORUS
(PPB)
aft
I
•
•.'.vX'.
mM
iPH
i^a&ssS:
¦
XvJvXwX'Xw
w//Ay>XvMy.
0.5
A
4. AO
2
4 5
10
15 20 30 40 60 80 100 150
>:-y .
:¥»#&&*
II
>/ '.'Xyy. ftl&X
v.w.wAsvy,
¦VV/M'VX£;
•IvIwl'Xs;,
mm
.;wa-
:««*>
:vA>:
X%£
-------
Gordon Lake
Dissolved oxygen/Temperature
mg/L & C
25 i
July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May June
BH Dissolved oxygen HS Temperature
1 meter below eurfaoe
July 1991 thru June 1992
Dissolved oxygen/Temperature
mg/L & C
IJ
- _ i
!i
| § | | |
m
§ i
i §
J
|||
lifclj j jI
July Aug Gept Oct Nov Deo Jan Feb March April May June
IU Dissolved oxygen Effl Temperature
1 meter above bottom
-------
Gordon Lake
Total P/Secchi disk/Chlorophyll a
mg/L; meters x 10; ug/L x 100
July Aug 6ept Oct Nov Dee Jan Feb Mar April May June
July 1991 thru June 1992
TP (mg/L)
Secchl (meters) EB Chloro a (ug/L)
Total P & Cholorophyll quarterly basis
-------
GORDON LAKE
TURTLE MOUNTAIN RESERVATION
ROLETTE COUNTY , NORTH DAKOTA
T 163N, R70W, Sections 19 & 30
Scale: 1" <= 660'
Average Depth: 15'
Surface Area: 164 Acres
Volume: 2,460 acre feet
-------
-16-
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The originator of the Carlson Trophic Index, Robert E.
Carlson, makes an emphasis that the number that is generated by
this process (Carlson Trophic Index) is only an index of the
trophic status of a lake and does not define trophic status. Total
phosporus and chorophyll are considered only as indicators of a
more broadly defined concept and not as a basis of a definition of
trophic status. The best trophic status indicators vary from lake
to lake and also from season to season, so the indicators should be
chosen with certain discretion. Carlson also suggests that
chlorophyll-a values are best for estimating algal biomass,
especially if the values are corrected for phoephytin and should be
given priority for its TSI value.
The Carlson Trophic Index is numerical rather than
nomenclatural, which allows for a large number of individual lake
classes rather than three to five distinct ones. A trophic state
index is not the same as a water quality index and quality is best
kept seperate from the concept of trophic status. One of the major
problems with existing terminology is that eutrophic is often
associated with poor water quality. Water quality, whether
excellent or poor, depends on the use of that water and the
attitudes of the people that make use of that water (Carlson,
1977) .
Belcourt Lake, which was emphasized in this assessment, with
an index of 62.61 on the Carlson Trophic Index indicates that it
has moderately eutrophic conditions. Because of these conditions
Belcourt Lake would be a prime candidate for a Phase I study, which
would pin point what are underlying causes for these conditions.
Because of overwhelming numbers of bullhead fish, the idea of
killing the Belcourt Lake is currently being considered by the
Bureau of Indian Affairs (who is currently responsible for the
management of the lakes), but if more studies of the lake are to be
conducted, killing the lake would not be recommended at this point
in time (Rathke, 1991). But, if available funds for further
studies on Belcourt Lake are not available, it may be the best
management practice to go ahead and kill the lake to prevent the
populations of bullheads from increasing and deteriorating
conditions even further.
A comparison of the data that was collected from Belcourt Lake
on June 6, 1985 and on June 24, 1991 indicates that of the twenty-
one parameters measured, there were increases in fourteen of those
parameters (see Appendix 1) , this could be seen as an obvious
deteriorating condition. On the other hand, seven of those
parameters actually decreased. This would demonstrate the need for
a further and more thorough study of this lake.
-------
-17-
The second worst lake in the assessment on the Carlson Trophic
Index is Jarvis Lake with a index of 62.53, with all three of the
values in the Trophic Status Index (TSI) very similar in values,
with the secchi disk value at 62.5, total phoshorus at 62.45, and
the chlorophyll value at 62.66. Due to the fact that it is unusual
for all three of the values to be the same, it should be a very
accurate representation of the lakes true conditions. Jarvis Lake
would also be a candidate for further studies in a Phase X
monitoring study. One of the main problems with the lake seems to
be the livestock that is currently being reared directly next to
the shoreline of the lake. This lake also suffered a major
winterkill in the winter of 1991-92, due to oxygen levels depleted.
Jarvis Lake was restocked in the spring of 1992 with 20,000 rainbow
trout and 20,000 walleye. Unless better aeration systems are put
into place in Jarvis Lake (for which there may be lack of funds)
and more control over the watershed to eliminate the cattle
feedlots, it would seem to be useless to stick any more money or
time into this lake.
The last two lakes in the assessment - Gordon and Wheaton Lake
- have similar TSI values, with Gordon Lake at a value of 50.92 and
Wheaton Lake at a value of 49.84. Perhaps the two lakes are so
similar because they both have relatively little development on the
shoreline and also have little or no livestock feedlots near the
lakes. Another reason the lakes may have such similar TSI values
is the fact that the two lakes are located very close to each other
(a couple hundred yards seperate the two shorelines) and quite
possibly may have been connected together at one point in time.
Although the total phosphorus and chlorophyll values for both of
the lakes indicate mild euthrophic conditions for both of these two
lakes, the secchi disk value indicates that these lakes are
relatively clean, with the secchi disk visible nearly all the way
to the bottom of the lake in the spring, fall, and winter, making
these two lakes the cleanest lakes in the assessment by far. It is
very important that measures be taken to prevent any further
deterioration of these lakes so that they may provide recreaton for
future generations.
It is of the utmost importance that people, especially Native
Americans, take the lead to preserve and protect all natural
resources - particularily water. Our creator does not want us to
destroy our natural resources, for if we destroy these invaluable
and irreplacable assets, we will be destroying ourselves.
-------
-18-
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. American Public Health Association. 1980. Standard Methods
for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. Fifteenth
Edition. 1134 pages.
2. Carlson, R.E. 1977. A Trophic State Index for Lakes. Limnol.
Oceanog. 22. pp 361-69.
3. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. 1990. Minnesota Lake
Water Quality Assessment Report. 2nd Edition. 95 pages.
4. Rathke, David. 1991. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Region VIII. Personal Communication.
5. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1980. Clean Lakes
Program Guidance Manual. 103 pages.
-------
-19-
APPENDIX I
LAKE WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT DATA COMPARISON
1985 (Belcourt Lake only) - 1991 (Belcourt, Jarvis, Gordon, &
Wheaton Lakes)
Sampling Date
BELCOURT LAKE
6/6/1985
6/24/1991
Parameter
Result
Unit
Total Alkalinity (CaC03)
209.
243.
mg/1
Ammonia (N)
0.112
0.00
mg/1
Bicarbonate (HC03)
241.
230.
mg/1
Carbonate (C03)
7.
33.
mg/1
Chloride
3.5
6.4
mg/1
Total Hardness (as CaC03)
296.
271.
mg/1
PH
8.5
9.06
Percent Sodium
3.2
6.3
%
Total Dissolved Solids (C)
283.
303.
mg/1
Total Phosphate as (P)
0.041
0.084
mg/1
Sodium Adsorption Ratio
0.12
0.22
Conductivity
465.
592.
umhos/cm
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
1.56
2.28
mg/1
Nitrate as (N)
0.019
0.010
mg/1
Calcium (Ca)
38.6
26.7
mg/1
Iron (Fe)
0.046
0.027
mg/1
Magnesium (Mg)
48.6
49.6
mg/1
Manganese (Mn)
0.028
0.106
mg/1
Potassium (K)
3.50
11.9
mg/1
Sodium (Na)
4.60
8.4
mg/1
Sulfur as sulfate (S04)
59.
54.
mg/1
-------
-20-
APPENDIX I
T.M.L.W.Q.A. Data (con't.)
Sampling date: 6/24/1991
Parameter
LAKE
JARVIS GORDON WHEATQN Unit
Conductivity
657.
.0
522.
.0
762,
.0
umhos/cm
Total Dissolved Solids
361.
262.
393.
mg/1
Total Hardness (as CaC03)
340.
247.
347.
mg/1
Total Alkalinity
247.
225.
312,
mg/1
PH
9.
.18
9.
!l4
9.
! 06
Iron (Fe)
0,
.016
0,
.006
0.
.007
mg/1
Manganese (Mn)
0.
.067
0.
.014
0.
.022
mg/1
Calcium (Ca)
25.
.1
24.
.7
28.
.6
mg/1
Magnesium (Mg)
67.
.4
44.
.9
66.
.9
mg/1
Sodium (Na)
9.
.9
7.
.6
10.
.5
mg/1
Potassium (K)
18.
.5
10.
,5
13.
.6
mg/1
Carbonate (C03)
42.
36.
47.
mg/1
Bicarbonate (HC03)
216.
202.
285.
mg/1
Sulfate as (S04)
86.
35.
82.
mg/1
Chloride
6.
!o
3.
,9
3.
!s
mg/1
Ammonia (N)
0.
.082
0.
,009
0.
.019
mg/1
Hydroxide (OH)
0.
0.
0.
mg/1
Phosphate (Total) (P)
0.
! 068
0.
!oi6
0.
! 027
mg/1
Nitrate + Nitrite (N) Total
0.
.008
0.
,016
0.
.017
mg/1
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen
3.
.01
1.
,52
2.
.02
mg/1
Hardness (Total)
20.
14.
20.
gr/gal
Percent Sodium
5.
.9
6.
! 3
6.
.2
%
Sodium Adsorption Ratio
0.
.23
0.
.21
0.
.25
NOTE: One sample taken for comparison purposes at a later date.
------- |