P331-i03483
Biological Monitoring
Volume 2. Tcxic Trace
Animals of the World.
of Toxic "Trace Metals
Metal3 in Plants and
Part I
Dale W.Jenkins
Sarasota; ?L
Prepared for
Environcenal Monitoring Systen3 lab.
Las Vegas, 57
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Technical Information Service
NT1S
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EPA-600/3-80-090
September 1980
cP»1-103^53
BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF TOXIC TRACE METALS
Volume 2. Toxic Trace Metals in Plants and Animals
of the World
Part I
by
Dale W. Jenkins
3028 Tanglewood Drive
Sarasota, Florida 33579
*
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TECHNICAL REPORT DATA /ft/(
(PIczse read Instructions on the reverse before completing) 1 /'U/ f.fl U * /V
1 REPORT NO. 2.
EPA-600/3-80-090
3 RECIPIENT'S ACCESSIOMjNCU
pee? lbsi
4 TITLE AND SUBTITLE
BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF TOXIC TRACE METALS:
Volume 2. Toxic Trace Metals in Plants and Animals
of the World. Part I
5'RE£ept.DAlT^80 ISSUING Date.
6. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION CODE
7. AUTHOR(S)
Dale W. Jenkins
8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NO.
9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS
Dale W. Jenkins
3028 Tanglewood Drive
Sarasota, Florida 33579
10. PROGRAM ELEMENT NO.
11. CONTRACT/GRANT NO.
68-03-0443
12. SPONSORING AGENCY NAME AND ADDRESS
U-S. Environmental Protection Agency—Las Vegas, NV
Office of Research and Development
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Las Vegas, Nevada 89114
13. TYPE OF REPORT AND PERIOD COVERED
14. SPONSORING AGENCY CODE
EPA/600/07
15. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
This report is presented in two volumes, including Volume 2, Parts I, II, and III,
of which this publication is Volume 2, Part I.
16. ABSTRACT
The needs and priorities in using biological accumulator organisms for monitoring
toxic trace metals in plants and animals are analyzed. The toxic trace metals
selected for study are antimony, arsenic, beryllium, boron, cadmium, chromium,
cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, tin, and vanadium. Data on the
toxicity to humans, abundance, production, use and emissions of trace elements are
presented and sources and pathways to plants and animals listed.
Volume 1 of the two volumes evaluates available data for the purpose of selecting
biological monitoring organisms to monitor the 14 selected toxic metals, and
recommends various organisms for use in national and international monitoring systems
and networks. This study is based on the data compilation in Volume 2.
Volume 2 brings together the majority of the significant data on bioaccumulation and
bioconcentration of the 14 trace metals discussed, which are considered to be of most
importance to man and his food organisms. This volume provides a concise reference
of baseline data for delineating the background or "normal" levels of toxic trace
metals as well as levels that occur under various pollutant conditions.
17. KEY WORDS ANO DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a. DESCRIPTORS /
b. IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
c. COSATl f ield/Group
trace metals J
antimony,- arsenicy beryllium, boron,
cadmiumjychromiujri, cobalt, copper, lead,
mercury, nickel, selenium, tin, vanadium
toxicology
bioaccumulation
bioconcentration
monitoring networks
57Y
68G
99D
18. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT
RELEASE TO PUBLIC
19. SECURITY CLASS {This Reportj
iincf asstftfd
21. NO. OF PAGES
51%
20 SECURITY CLASS (This page)
UNCLASSIFIED
22. PRICE
EPA Form 2220-1 (Rev. 4-77) PREVIOUS EDITION IS OBSOLETE
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DISCLAIMER
This report has been reviewed by the Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and approved for
publication. Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect
the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does
mention of trade names, or commercial products constitute endorsement or
recommendation for use.
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FOREWORD
Protection of the environment requires effective regulatory actions
based on sound technical and scientific data. The data must include the
quantitative description and linking of pollutant sources,, transport
mechanisms, interactions, and resulting effects on man and his environment.
Because of the complexities involved, assessment of exposure to specific
pollutants in the environment requires a total systems approach that
transcends the media of air, water, and land. The Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory at Las Vegas contributes to the formation and enhancement
of a sound monitoring-data base for exposure assessment through programs
designed to:
• develop and optimize systems and strategies for moni-
toring pollutants and their impact on the environment
• demonstrate new monitoring systems and technologies
by applying them to fulfill special monitoring needs
of the Agency's operating programs
Volume 1 of the two volumes in this report evaluates available data for
the purpose of selecting biological monitoring organisms to monitor 14 of the
more important toxic metals, and recommends various organisms for use in
national and international monitoring systems and networks. This study is
based on the data compilation in volume two.
Volume 2 brings together the majority of the significant data on
bioaccumulation and bioconcentration of 14 of the trace metals of most
importance to man and his food organisms. This volume provides a concise
reference of baseline data for delineating the background or "normal" levels
of toxic trace metals as well as levels that occur under various pollutant
conditions.
The report was complied primarily to aid those who are seeking the best
biological samplers to use in a biological monitoring system or network, and
will help to show environmental movement, pathways, and sinks for selected
metals in relation to biological organisms. Further information concerning
these volumes and biological monitoring network design may be obtained from
the Exposure Assessment Division at the Environmental Monitoring Systems
Laboratory.
Glenn Schweitzer
Director
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Las Vegas, Nevada
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ABSTRACT
This volume reviews the concentration levels of fourteen selected toxic
trace metals or matalloids in plants and animals of the world except man. The
trace elements, selected on the basis of being-toxic, being common or
widespread, presenting a hazard or potential hazard, and becoming of greater
importance, are antimony, arsenic, beryllium, boron, cadmium, chromium,
cobalt, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, tin and vanadium.
This Volume 2 of two volumes lists data on the bioaccumulation and
bioconcentration of the trace elements to provide the information required to
select the best organisms for biological monitoring as described in Volume 1.
Other objectives are to provide reference baseline data for delineating
background or "normal" levels and levels that occur in polluted environments,
to provide data on levels of trace metals that occur in food of man and
domestic animals, and to show the ecological role organisms play in the
environmental transport, pathways and sinks for these trace elements.
The compiled data are organized phylogenetically by taxonomic order of
organisms for each trace metal. The data presented include the common and
scientific name, geographic location, data on monitoring of environmental
gradients, tissues analyzed, wet, dry or ash basis of measurement and the
authority. The data are presented as ppm, or pCi/g for radioactive elements.
The important toxic metals lead, cadmium, and mercury each have been measured
in about 1,000 species of organisms.
Summaries of data on baselines, monitoring environmental gradients and
selection of monitoring organisms are presented in Volume 1.
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CONTENTS
Volume 1. Biological Monitoring and Surveillance
Page
Foreword ¦ iii
Abstract . - iv
List of Tables vii
Acknowledgements ' x
I. Introduction 1
Monitoring 2
Biological monitoring . . 2
Integrated exposure assessment monitoring 2
Surveillance monitoring 3
II. Definition of Biological Monitoring Requirements 5
Selection of toxic trace metals 5
Toxicity of trace metals to man 6
Toxic trace metals in the environment 14
Needs and priorities for biological monitoring 37
Summary 44
III. Biological Monitoring 46
Value of biological monitoring 46
Concepts and types of biological monitoring 48
Selection of biological monitoring organisms 65
Criteria for selection of biological monitoring organisms ... 67
IV. Biological Monitoring Organisms 160
Human hair 163
Rats 164
Pigeons 167
Domestic animals 168
Higher plants, food plants and crops 170
Mosses and lichens 172
Birds 173
Marine algae 175
Bivalve molluscs 176
Fish 177
V. Biological Monitoring Systems ana Networks 179
Integrated exposure assessment monitoring program 179
Biological surveillance monitoring of the environment
and food 180
National environmental pesticide monitoring networks 183
Proposed national environmental pesticide monitoring
networks. . . ." 186
VI. Literature Cited 189
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CONTENTS (Continued)
Volume 2. Toxic Trace Metals in Plants and Animals of the World
Part I
Page
Foreword iii
Abstract iv
Table of Contents v
Acknowledgements . vii
I. Introduction 1
Sources of data 3
Method of compilation and presentation of data 4
Problems and sources of error in evaluating data. . 7
Species of plants and animals analyzed 8
II. Trace Metals in Biological Organisms 9
Antimony. .......... 10
Arsenic 30
Beryllium 139
Boron 150
Cadmium 172
Chromium. 364
Cobalt 444
Part II
II. Trace Metals in Biological Organisms (Continued) 504
Copper 505
Lead 619
Mercury 779
Part III
II. Trace Metals in Biological Organisms (Continued) 984
Nickel 985
Selenium 1090
Tin 1130
Vanadium 1151
III. Literature Cited 1198
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It is desired to express sincere appreciation to George B. Morgan, Former
Director of the Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory - Las Vegas, for
assistance in planning and conducting this study, and to Dr. Richard E.
Stanley, Deputy Director, for his interest and support.
The kind assistance with references provided by various.libraries and data
centers is gratefully acknowledged, especially the following:
- Library, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Libraries, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C. and Mexico
City.
- Libraries, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, Nevada, and
Washington, D.C.
- Library, National Research Council, Advisory Center on Toxicology,
Washington, D.C.
- Library, Biomedical Sciences Section, Information Center Complex,
Information Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tenn.
(especially Ms. Emily D. Copenhaver)
- Library, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, Fla.
I am most grateful to my wife, Mrs. Joanne F. Jenkins, for excellent
secretarial assistance.
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I. INTRODUCTION
Toxic trace elements, especially those known as toxic metals or heavy
metals, are becoming of greater importance to man as he mines and uses greater
quantities of these metals and increases the pollution of his environment each
year. There is still uncertainty concerning the levels of toxic metals that
can be tolerated in the environment without causing health hazards to man.
This is especially true with regard to long-term low-level exposures that may
produce delayed effects after several decades. There is also the problem of
contamination of biological organisms which serve as food, and the impact of
these toxic materials on domestic animals and agricultural crops.
Bioaccumulation and bioconcentration of toxic elements by certain
biological organisms cause increased interest to be focused on specific
species of plants and animals. Some biological organisms are able to
concentrate toxic metals many thousand times the level of metals found in
aquatic systems. Some organisms can change the chemical form of an element to
a more toxic form.
The presence of toxic trace elements in biological organisms is of great
importance to man since he is dependent upon organisms for all of his food.
The ingestion of toxic metals in food can have direct healh impacts either
immediate or delayed. Toxic metals can also cause illness, death or decreased
production in both animals and plants. The presence of trace elements in the
biological organisms can be used to quantitatively measure the extent of
contamination of man's environment. Changes in levels of toxic elements in
organisms can also be used to show historic trends of pollution levels and to
predict future levels.
In studying the relationships between toxic trace elements and biological
organisms, the major areas of scientific interest and research are: 1)
bioaccumulation, bioconcentration and biomagnification in organisms, 2)
investigations concerning rate and type of accumulation in organisms following
controlled exposure, and 3) toxicity studies to determine biological effects
on organisms, including lethality and delayed effects, and 4) studies of
effects on ecological communities and populations.
This compilation deals only with the first category on bioaccumulation,
bioconcentration and biomagnification, with a small amount of data on
experimental exposure to help delimit the special organisms or organs and
tissues that would be of greatest value for biological monitoring.
The objective of this review (Volume 2) is to bring together the majority
of the significant data available on bioaccumulation, bioconcentration and
biomagnification of the most important toxic metals in biological organisms,
except man. This study also provides data on the amounts of toxic metals that
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occur in food organisms of man including domestic animals, agricultural crops,
fish and shellfish. It provides reference baseline data for delineating the
background or "normal" levels in addition to levels that occur under various
pollutant concentrations of the environment. This review enables selection of
those biological organisms and tissues which could provide the best biological
samplers for establishing a monitoring system or network. It can also be used
to show environmental movement, pathways, and sinks for selected metals in
relation to biological organisms.
These data have been analyzed for use in biological monitoring in Volume
1. They have been summarized to show baseline levels and maximum
concentrations in polluted areas. The data on use of biological organisms to
measure environmental gradients of each trace metal have also been reviewed.
The toxic trace elements were selected on the basis of the following
criteria:
1) The elements are toxic to man and/or his food organisms.
2) The elements are fairly common and widespread.
3) Exposure to elements is sufficient to cause a hazard or potential
hazard.
4) The elements are becoming of greater importance due to increased
production and/or use.
On the basis of these criteria 14 toxic trace elements were selected.
These toxic metals or metalloids are the following: antimony (Sb), arsenic
(As), beryllium (Be), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co),
copper (Cu), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni) , selenium (Se) , tin (Sn),
and vanadium (V). Some of these, such as cadmium, lead and mercury, are of
immediate importance while others, such as beryllium, boron, vanadium and
others, do not appear to be of more than local importance at present. Also,
additional trace elements, such as manganese, zinc and others could have been
considered for inclusion in the list.
While the scope of this compilation is to provide a worldwide and
comprehensive coverage for the selected toxic trace elements, no attempt was
made to make a complete or exhaustive coverage of the world literature as it
is not practical and would result in much duplication. The scope of the
project increased by several times after its initiation due to the
geometrically increasing volume of data appearing each year. It was necessary
to establish a cutoff date in 1977.
In a review article entitled "Trace Metals in Soils, Plants, and Animals"
published in 1972, Dr. Donald J. Lisk states:
"Research dealing with the existence and association of essential metals
in soils and their mobility, reactions, and effects in biological systems
has been extensive. The recent discovery of relatively high levels of
mercury in fish in North America has now focused intense concern on
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numerous other potentially toxic metals such as lead, cadmium, arsenic,
selenium, chromium, nickel, beryllium, antimony, barium, zirconium and
others which may be ubiquitous in ecosystems. This, in turn, has
stimulated a spiraling number of surveys and other investigations of their
effects. It is thus perhaps unfortunate that a reviw such as this could
not instead be prepared five years hence when the expected mountain of new
data will have accrued."
It is now over 5 years hence, the surveys have spiraled, and the mountain
of new data has accrued! This report is an attempt to retrieve, compile, and
partially evaluate the most important part of the accured mountain.
SOURCES OF DATA
The enormous volume ot scientific data on bioaccumulation of toxic metals
in biological organisms is scattered throughout the world scientific and
popular literature. It is published in books, scientific journals of a wide
range of technical disciplines, as well as in international, national, state
and institution journals, proceedings of many scientific meetings and
symposia, journals on methodology of measurement, popular articles and in
newspapers and magazines. The data have been published in 16 or more of the
languages of the world.
The majority of data for this compilation were taken from the original
publications, published in scientific journals and proceedings of scientific
meetings and symposia. Many of these sources provided full details of all or
most of the information required to complete the tabls. However, many foreign
small or obscure journals or reports were not available, so that it was
necessary to us abstracts, citations of data in scientific papers and review
articles. In using these secondary sources, there was often loss of important
detail such as scientific names, geographic location,' tissue used, or whether
reported on a wet, dry or ash basis.
Several reviews have been written on marine or aquatic organisms. The
first major review or compilation of data on bioaccumulation of trace elements
was made on marine organisms by Vinogradov (1953) in his book entitled "The
Elementary Chemical Composition of Marine Organisms" published as a memoir by
the Sears Foundation for Marine Research. While this is an excellent
compilation (wich the usual errors of transcription of most large
compilations) it is unfortunately based on data using the often unreliable
analytical methods of the period 1900 to 1950. While some of these data, e.g.
after 1925, have been quoted for comparison, or in the absence of other data,
many are highly suspect. A report entitled "Accumulation of Trace Metals by
Marine Organisms, Fish-Eating 3irds and Freshwater Fish" by P. T. Johnson
(1973) was contributed to by the present reviewer. This compilation provided
valuable earlier references for the present study. A report by Bernhard and
Zattera (1975) "Major Pollutants in the Marine Environment" reviewed selected
biological data on eight trace metals and included levels in sea water and
sediments. A report by Phillips and Russo (1978) on "Metal Bioaccumulation in
Fishes and Aquatic Invertebrates, A Literature Review" compiled primarily
experimental exposure and uptake studies, and cited some surveys. This study
is mainly outside of the scope of the present review and was not used.
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No comprehensive reviews or compilations of data on concentrations of
trace metals in terrestrial animals or plants was discovered. Various
documents review data on the effects of specific toxic metals such as "WHO
Criteria Documents" and "Reviews of Environmental Effects of Pollutants" by
Oak Ridge National Laboratory and EPA. In addition, reviews on "Medical and
Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants" by the Committee on Medical and
Biologic Effects of Environmental Pollutants, National Academy of Sciences
have summarized information on effects of specific pollutants.
In the Present compilation, review of the literature extended to 1977.
Selected important documents were included after this date, especially for
trace metals for which there was limited data. Compilations for some of the
metals are fairly complete, but for some, such as mercury, it was necessary to
select representative data since the volume of information was extensive and
partly repetitious.
METHOD OF COMPILATION AND PRESENTATION OF DATA
An enormous amount of data on measurement of toxic elements in biological
organisms has been published. It was necessary to compile these data in an
organized, orderly and comparable fashion in order to allow evaluation of
their significance and value, and to determine those species and the specific
tissues best suited for developing efficient and effective biological
monitoring systems and networks.
The most important available data published in the world literature on the
bioaccumulation and bioconcentration of the 14 selected toxic trace mecals
have been compiled for all biological organisms except man. The data are
presented for each toxic trace metal in a series of separate tables. The
tables are organized by phylum and order in phylogenetic sequence starting
with mammals and continuing with birds, reptiles, amphibia, fish, molluscs,
arthropods, echinodrms, and other invertebrates. These are followed by higher
plants (spermatophytes), mosses, lichens, fungi, and algae. In some cases,
the mammals and birds have been divided into aquatic, predatory, or other
groups, arid fish have been divided into marine and freshwater species.
The species are designated with the scientific name, including genus and
species and in some cases subspecies, and usually the common name
(in English). For some species, especially fish, the scientific name has been
changed. The species is then listed under the new scientific name and the
older synonym name (as listed in the publications cited) is included in
parentheses to permit reference to the publications, e.g. Melanogramma
aeglefinus (=Gadus aeglefinus). Latest synonymy has been taken from various
publications, such as Amer. Fish. Soc. (1970) "A List of Common and Scientific
Names of Fishes from the United States and Canada." Where only a non-specific
common name is given, e.g. shrimp, which could belong to any of several genera
or species, the data are presented at the end of the alphabetical list of
scientific names in the taxonomic group to which it belongs.
The geographic location of the collection site of the organism is given by
country, State, or more specific location, or by ocean, sea, gulf, lake or
river. Marine specimens are listed by the country nearst the collection area,
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which usually means offshore from the country or State listed. If data on
pollution contamination and concentration gradients were published, more
specific geographic locations are usually presented.
Data are presented on levels of toxic trace elements in relation to
polluted vs. non-polluted areas. The increase in bioaccumulation or
bioconcentration resulting from pollution sources, whether natural or
resulting from activitis of man, are of great importance in developing a
biological monitoring system. The source of pollution or exposure is
presented, and the metal concentration of exposed organisms is often compared
with controls. If a gradient of the level of metal from a source occurs, and
measurements have been made on biological organisms at different distances
from the source, this has been included in concise form. The data in these
tables using biological organisms to monitor environmental, gradients of trace
element metals have been summarized in Volume 1 to assist in selecting the
best potential monitoring organisms.
The tissue (or organ) of an organism analyzed for trace metal content is
presented if published. This is of great importance since certain tissues or
organs bioaccumulate or bioconcentrate metals at different concentrations in
comparison with other tissus or organs. It is important to select the best
tissue(s) or organ(s) in developing an efficient biological monitoring system.
Analysis of different tissues or organs of the same species are also presented
if published. Some data are also available for comparing the metal contents
of organisms of different size, age, or time of the year. Data on trace metal
concentrations are also included for different years or over historical
periods, if included in the publications.
The basis of calculation of concentration of a metal in an organism is
critical, whether based on live or wet weight (W), dry weight (D), or ash
weight (A). Even though the basis of calculation may be given, there is much
inherent variation. An animal may be killed and drained of blood and drying
may occur, or plants may air dry and wilt during shipment to the laboratory,
yet the specimen may be considered on a live or wet weight basis. Some
specimens are also washed to remove external contamination, and excess water
allowed to air dry before analysis.
Dry weight basis is also variable since the specimen may be air dried (in
high or low humidity) or oven dried at any of various temperatures. This may
result in loss of some of the metal content. For example, it has been shown
under certain conditions that 50 percent of the mercury may be lost by oven
drying the specimens. The difference between live or wet weight and dry
weight is usually about 80 percent but may be 90 percent or more in specific
marine organisms such as comb jellies (Ctenophora) or in certain plants. In
preserved bones, nails, or hair the difference between "wet" and "dry" basis
may be less than 10 percent. The difference between air dry and oven dry can
be considerable in some organisms.
The ash weight basis is probably less variable, but ashing the specimen
can result in losss of the metal content. It is more difficult to convert ash
weight to wet or dry weight for comparison. Ash weight basis formerly was
used more frequently than in more recent studies. It has been used rather
extensively in analyzing trace metal composition of plants.
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Many of Che publications consulted provide excellent details on
methodology and techniques and careful statistical evaluation, but fail to
state the basis for calculation of metal content. They may state that the
specimens have been dried and/or ashed during the process of sample
preparation, but fail to state the basis on which the data are calculated and
presented.
If published papers include comparative wet, dry and ash basis data, these
data are included in this review to help in evaluating and comparing closely
related species for which comparable-basis data are not available.
The data in this report are expressed in parts per million (ppm) on a
weight basis (except data on radionuclides). The data have been compiled from
publications and reports that may present the original results as ppm, or as
any of the following: picograms, nanograms, micrograms, milligrams, or as
grams per gram, per 100 grams, per milligram, or per kilogram. Data are also
presented in the literature as percent (%) per gram, per 100 grams, or per
kilogram, or they are expressed as % times 10~6 or other exponent. All
these were calculated by the reviewer to parts per million to permit better
comparison and for ease of handling and analysis.
Data on content of radionuclides are presented as disintegrations per
minute (dis/min) or more usually as picocuries per gram (pCi/g) or per
milligram (pCi/mg). Limited experimental data on radionuclides are included
because this usually involves uptake studis, which are not within the scope of
this report.
The data on metal contents are often presented as a single figure
representing a mean or a single measurement. Frequently the data include
ranges indicating the minimum and maximum. These are presented by enclosing
them in parentheses. This is frequently followed by the arithmetic mean. If
the standard dviation (SD), or standard error (SE), has been calculated, this
follows the mean with a plus-or-minus (+) sign. If the median or geometric
mean are calculated, these are designated by (med.) or (geom. mean). For some
data, when no arithmetic mean is presented in the publication, the mean has
been calculated by the reviewer and included following the range.
Under "authority", the author (or authors) and the date of publication are
given, which refers to the refernces listed under literature cited.
After careful evaluation, it was decided that the most critical data
needed for selection of potential biological monitoring organisms are those
items considered above. However, it is fully recognized that other
information is highly desirable and would be of value, especially in
evaluating the validity of the data. The information which could not be
included due to space limitations were data on sample collection, sample
preparation (some data are presented in this review on the effects of washing
hair or leaf samples), sample size, analytical equipment and methods used, and
validation (e.g. use of standard comparison samples or adding known quantities
of an element to determine percent recovery). Many of the original
publications consulted, present all or part of this information, while some do
not. Therefore, if this information is needed, the data presented in this
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river should be considered as a reference source for obtaining more detailed
information. Also, since about 20 percent of the data in this voluminous
compilation was taken from secondary sources such as reviews, abstracts,
translations, and summary translations of some foreign articles, consulting
the original publications may be desirable for more specific uses.
PROBLEMS AND SOURCES OF ERROR IN EVALUATING DATA
There has been great improvement in the methods of analysis of toxic trace
metals in biological materials since the compilation of data on toxic metals
by Vinogradov (1953). However, this is a difficult technical field and there
are many inherent problems and possible sources of errors in sampling,
analyzing, and presentation of data.
Collection of samples first requires correct scientific identification of
the species being sampled. There must be an adequate sample, preferably from
a number of individual organisms of the same species. For example, in
analyzing the toxic metals in bivalve molluscs, the weight, size, age, sex,
exposure, temperature, salinity, time of year or season, position of sampling
and coexistence of several metals are of importance (Phillips, 1977). In
sampling animal or human hair to determine trace metal concentrations, the
age, sex, location of hair on body, distance of hair sample from base of hair,
external contamination, type of washing solution and washing procedures are of
importance (Jenkins, 1979). In sampling plant material, the external
contamination of leaves, branches, roots and bark is important. Various
washing procedures with water, alcohol, or detergents may greatly affect the
results (Martin & Little, 1973). Samples should be collected without
contamination from metals in using collecting equipment, knives, and other
dissection equipment, and storage containers.
There is inherent error in sampling, due to loss of blood and body fluids
or plant sap which can affect measurement of body or plant weight.
Unavoidable drying and dessication and washing procedures and removal of
excess moisture is a source of error for live or wet basis measurement. For
making measurements on a dry weight basis, error is possible depending on
whether specimens are air dried (at different relative humidities) or at
different oven temperatures.
Analysis of trace metal content is highly technical and requires use of
modern improved analytical equipment and strict avoidance of any
contamination. To obtain high precision and confidence in the results, it is
necessary to use standard samples, e.g. standardized kale or orchard leaves,
analysis of additions of known quantities of trace element, and
interlaboratory comparison studies. This is most important when measuring
levels near the threshold limits of detection of trace elements, or when the
presence of other elements may affect the results. Interlaboratory
comparisons of analytical procedures has helped greatly to reduce errors.
More recent determinations, using more sophisticated and accurate analytic
equipment and methods, have been given greater credence than earlier
determinations. Some of the earlier data, before 1950, and selected data in
the review by Vinogradov (1953) are presented for comparison only, and most
should be considered as questionable or suspect, especially if the data are
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greatly different from recent data analysed by more reliable equipment and
methods. These older data have rarely been used in selecting proposed
biological monitoring organisms and in analysis of biological monitoring of
environmental gradients of trace elements in Volume 1.
In addition to problems and errors in sampling and analysis, there are
also problems of human error in analysis, computation, copying, typographical,
and printing errors, especially in abstracts, reviews and compilations where
important data are often omitted, e.g. such as whether wet, dry or ash basis
of measurement is used.
Despite all of the inherent and other potential errors in analyzing levels
of trace metal elements in biological organiams, there is often good
correlation of results even from different laboratories in different parts of
the world. The relatively recent progress in improving analytical equipment
and procedures has greatly increased the validity of data. In addition, for
certain trace metals such as mercury, lead, and cadmium, there is often an
adequate amount of confirmatory data for a specific tissue of a single species
based on analyses by various workers, so that it is possible to accept the
confirmed data as probably valid. While data in some studies may not be
completely valid or confirmed, data have been used only for comparative
purposes, such as comparison of levels in different tissues of the same
species, or comparing samples at different distances from a source. These
comparative data may be acceptable if done by the same laboratory.
It is necessary to consider all of these problems and errors and to treat
the data with appropriate scientific reservation, especially older data.
Nevertheless, there now exists an extremely valuable body of highly useful
data on the levels and concentrations of toxic metals in biological organisms.
SPECIES OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS ANALYZED
The extent to which each trace metal has been analyzed in biological
organisms is indicated in the summary of numbers of species of plants and
animals analyzed. This shows that the important toxic metals lead, cadmium,
and mercury have each been measured in about 1,000 species of organisms. If
mercury had been more exhaustively reviewed the figure would increase
substantially. There are also fairly large numbers of species analyzed for
arsenic, chromium, cobalt, copper and nickel. While the number of species
analyzed for beryllium (76 species) and for antimony, boron, and tin are
relatively small, special effort was made to obtain all of the available data
for these trace metals.
Many more species of animals than plants (about two times or more) have
been analyzed for antimony, arsenic, cadmium, lead ana mercury while more
plant species have been analyzed for boron and nickel.
The numbers of species analyzed for each trace metal are probably a good
indication of the level of effort and interest in each trace metal. The
totals for all metals in the summary (vertical columns) includes counting some
of the specis several times since in many cases the same species was analyzed
for several different trace metals.
8
-------
II TRACE METALS IN BIOLOCICAL ORGANISMS.
/ .
%\xv
\.
9
-------
1)
AiiTIMONY Hi llil'.'S'-lA.LS
(2)
o ce c l e s
iioca.; ity
Analysis
Tissue FFM
Authority
rronghorn antelope
Ant i I oca pra a rn s r i csn a
Coyote
Canis latrans
Gui
Cavia corcellus
El:;
Cervus canadensis
Red-bached vole
CIsthrionvtiVS gaoosri
Chipmunk
Euramias so.
Vole
(1)
(2)
Liiaho
Idaho
'/yo-riins
j-oan:
hair (0.1-0.97) Hucka'oee et
".•fyoning
United States liver
" - ¦ j
Sidney
M
mus cle
nair
0.86
(0.09-1.3)
0.67
il. (l?72)
'D (l."-1.9)1.6 Fur
(1976)
D (0.3-0.6)0.5
D (0.5-2.5)1.5
¦>* c= r s i
adrenal D (2.3-9-5)5-1
spleen D (1.6-1.1)2.3
(0.9-13-0)^.2 Euckabee e
al. (1972)
(0.1-0.6)0.3
1 5
— * '-J
P
3Lc?.nk S06C6S indicate ini crTisti on not s'/o.ilcib'LE or not
? indicates Questionable data.
:oiic:
D or A indicates on a. '•'« e1. Drv ot sined *os.s Ls
i'l'"." C2r£s &. si^~le de0vwvii^sti0n 0
values , : 011 owe0 by tr.e ~er.n. 1 S
;'r.. ^r.c ooetric Tie an ?
• ~ f- c C. V J- v O
(51). T,
sir>~_s ^"'U.^csiT
andard deviation, standard error
e indicated as reported. pCi/g :
10
-------
Mountain vole
Hicrotus -ontanus Wyor.ing hair 1.9 Kuckabee et
al. 0-972)
Meadow vole
, tt It no "I
i-iicronus c e nnsv 1 van 1 cus 1.3
Richards ons vole
Microtias rlchardsoni " " C.7
j'icuse
Mus -.US cuius lung W 0.012 Mo 1 ok hi a &
S-nith (196")
kidney w 0.01
soleen W 0.01 "
liver W 0.C07
bone Yi C.C0&
ccher
organs W <0.005 "
15 days after ingestion of So, highest
levels >;ere in tee oh, and flat bones of
skull
Dosed vith 20 "n.g/kg S-r-.ith (1970)
tartar emetic — to
16 hrs. :
plasr.a (0.35-2.35)
RBC W (0.33-5.68)
Occcoileus he-nl onus Idaho hair (0.06-12 .C')L .2
r ^ r,
al. (l?72)
-Mountain goat:
Orear.nu^ ?.T.e"ricanus 1 M 11
3io"^;Dv'r' S ^ 6 6 0
Ovls canadensis Wyo-ning " 1.0
11
-------
Harbor seal
Phcca vitulir.s
inrs'A
Sorex vasrrsns
Zapus orinceos
C-rest Britain blood
" ,
spleen
heart
•nuscle
wyo-ning
hai
C. CQ2-0. OGi Hsrii Iton
f ¦< »^r"< f \
0.02-0.01
w c.orA-o.oco7
kidney W O.OO^-O.COI
liver W 0. OCS-0. CG~,
(0.3-2.5)
l.H*
0 .0
c. 06
Huckabee et
al. (1972)
12
-------
ANTIMONY IK BIRDS
ioecies
(2)
Localitv
Analysis
Tissue PPM
Author it;.
Mallard duck
Anas oiatyrhynchos
^Lack duck
Ariels "^uorioes
White-fronted goose
2 VoliTtop. s
Lesser scauo
Canada
feather D <0.2
D <0.2
D <0.2
D <0.2
KeIsall
(1970)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or-not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
D or A indicates or. a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
13
-------
ANTIMONY IN MARINE FISH
(I)
(2)
Species
Locality
Analysis
Tissue PPM
Authority
SiIverfish
Argyrozcna argyrozona
Atractoscion aeguidens
Bogue
3ooos boocs
Pilchard
CluDea Dilchardus
S.W. Africa muscle W 0.029 Van As et al.
Adriatic Sea
W O.C59
W 0.16
w 0.61
Chrysoblephus gibbiceps S.W. Africa muscle W 0.0020
Wrasse
Ctenolabrus rupestris
Lanternfisn
Diaohus dumerili
Sweden
N.W. Africs
Adriatic anchovy
Sngraulis encrasicholus Adriatic Sea
D 0.2
D 0.022
w 0.51
(1975)
Strohal et al.
(1975)
Van As et al.
(1975)
Noadack &
Hodcack (19^0)
Leatherland e'
al. (1973)
Strohal et
al. (1975)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or •near.. (>:-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), media::, er.c". geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
14
-------
Priest shark
Etomooterus SDinax
N.W. Afri.
liver D (Q.OC3-O.OI) Leatherland et
al. (1973)
Rock cod
Gadus callarius
Great Britain muscle D 0.011
Leatherland &
Burton (197^)
Lanternfish
Hygochun nacrochir
N.W. Africa
D O.C25
Leatherland et
al. (1973)
Kaoeljou
•Johnius hololecidotus S.W. Africa
muscle W O.OlB-SD
0.0C6
Van As et al
(1975)
;hognathus lithognathus
w 0.019
Angler
Loohius piscatorius
W 0.066
i-"eri.uccius caoensis
W O.C75-SD 0.062
Dover sole
Microstomas oacifisus Los Anseles
liver W (0.001-0.007) DeC-oeij et
al. (197*0
Bass
Morons labrax
Great Britain muscle D 0.010
Leatherland &
Burton (197-0
Mullet
Mu^iI richardsonl
S.W. Africa
W 0.02U
Van As et al
(1975)
Hottentot
Pac'nymetooon srar.de
tf 0.19
Sea bream
Pasellus erithrinus
Adriatic Sea
W 0.2^
Strohal et
al. (1975)
Platichthvs ilesus Great Britain muscle D 0.006
Leatherland 3c
Burton (197*0
Sardine
S 2.2T,Q inocs 3CS 11 sti 2
S.W. Africa
w 0.26
Van As et al.
(1975)
Chuo mackerel
Scomber .ianonicus
W 0.19-SD 0.17
15
-------
Atlantic mackerel
Scomber scombrus
Atlantic saury
Scomberesox saurus
Scombroos dubius
YeLlowtail
Seriola pagpei
Sole
Solea solea
Dogfish shark
Saualus acant'nius
Sole
Synaptura marginata
Horse mo-ckersl
Trachurus trachurus
Rouget, sea robin
Triglia caoensis
Kings lip
XiDhurus'canens is
' t T~j ¦ ,
F" £h
Adriatic Sea W 0.52
Great Britain muscle D 0.006
N.W. Africa
S.W. Africa
Adriatic Sea
Sweden
D 0.003
heart D 0.017
liver D 0.007
muscle W 0.055
W 0.057-SD
0. 0^2
Strohal et
al. (1975)
Leatherland &
Burton (197^)
Leatherland et
al. (1973)
Van As et al.
(1975)
W C.kl
D 0.2
Strohal et
al. (1975)
Noddack .&
Noddack (iQ'+O)
S.W. Africa muscle O.lU-SD 0.09 Van As et a.1.
(1975)
Adriatic Sea W 0.05
S.W. Africa muscle W 0.028
W 0.020
Strohal et al.
(1975)
Van As ec al.
(1975)
w. 0.037-
ss 0.032
(0.0005-0.009) Rancitelli et
al. (1969)
(0.0001-0.11)
16
-------
(!)
AriTIKONY IN FRESHWATER FISH
S cedes
Localitv
(2)
Analysis
T i s s ue PPM
Authority
vihitef ish
Alburnus sc.
Danube R.
Austria
D 0.0
Rehv/oldt et
al. (1975)
Aiewiie
Alosa cseudoharensus
Great Lakes whole'
W (O.OOp-O.l) Lucas et al
(197C)
Ansuilla ansuilla
Great Britain muscle D 0.015
Leatherland
& Burton
(197M
Goldfish
Carassius auratus
Great Lakes liver
W (C.G05-0.1) Lucas et al.
(1970)
Laxe herring
resonus arte
f 1
" " w (0.005-0.1)
Lake vjhitefish
Core^or.us cluceaformis " muscle W (0.0022-0.0031) uthe &
Bligh
(1971)
" " " liver W (0.005-0.l) Lucas et al
(1970)
(1)
(2)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates Questionable data.
v/. D or A indicates on a wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
° t \
indicates a single determination or mean. {y.-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (3D), standard
error (SSj, median, and geometric mean are indicated rs reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
17
-------
Carp
Cvcrinus carcic
Danube R.
Austria
Rehvjoldt et
D 0.0 al. (1975)
Northern pike
5sox lucius Great Lakes
White bass
Morone chrysops
(= Roccus chrysops) "
Spotcail shiner
ilotropis hudsonius "
American srielt
CsTerus nordax Lake Erie
YellO".' perch
P0 v- C cl X* L23 V8 S G 6 n "
Trout-perch
Percoasis ot.1sconavcus Great Lakes
Round vhitefish
Prosooiu^i cylindraceun
Lake trout
SaIvelinus na^aycush
New York
".'.'alleys pike
Stisostedicn v L t, r 6un
vifcreuti Great Lakes
muscle W (0.0032-0.00^3) Uthe &
31iSh (1971)
liver W (0.005-0.l) Lucas et al.
(1970)
-whole W (0.005-0.1)
¦nuscle W 0.0035 Uthe &
Biigh (l97l)
W 0.C031
Vr.oLe W (0.005-0.l) Lucas et si.
(1970)
liver VJ. (0.005-0. l)
w (0.005-c.i)
W (0.0^6-0.66) Ton.2: et al.
(1974)
w (c.005-C.I) Lucas et al.
(1970)
18
-------
(1)
ANTIMONY IN LOWER ANIMALS
(2)
Analysis
Species Locality Tissue PPM Authority
MOLLUSC A.
Buttercup
Anodonta cygnea
Northern whelk
Buccinum undatum
Edible cockle
Cerastoderma eiule
Great Britain
(=Cardium eaule,
Black mussel
Choromvt 1 lus meridionalis
Portuguese oyster
Crasscstres ancculata
Ati€ri can oystsr
Crasscstrea virsinica
S.w. Africa
Great Britain
Texas
(1)
(2)
soft
parts D
mantle
cayity D
soft
parts
shell
Leatherlani &
(0.029-0.05^) Burton (197^0
D 0.012
(0.03^-0.063
0.18
W 0.20
0.0
Van As et al.
(1975)
Leatherland &
Burton (197-)
Smith & Wright
(1962)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates Questionable data.
; D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or .Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (>:-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SS), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
19
-------
Atlantic slipper shell
Crepidula fornicata Great Britain
White mussel
Donax sera
Abalone
Haliotus miAae
Periwinkle
Littorina llttoralis Great Britain
Periwinkle
Littorina littorea Great Britain
D (0.038-0.053) Leatherland &
Burton (197^)
Van As et al.
0.18-SD 0.08 (1975)
muscle W 0.083
D 0.12U Leatherland &
Burton (197*0
D (0.095-0.10)
S.W. Africa soft
parts W
Squid
Lolieo vulgaris Adriatic Sea W 0.8k Strohal et al.
(1975)
Blue mussel
Mytllus edulis New Zealand D -*30.0 Brooks &
Rumsby (1965)
Great Britain D (0.0^2-0.OU7)Leatherland &
Burton (197*0
Muss e1
Myt i Lis ^allogrovincialis
Adriatic Sea soft Strohal et
parts W 0.51 al. (1975)
Dog whelk
Nucella laoilluE
Great Britain
D (0.007-0.01^) Leatherland &
Burton (197*0
Octopus
Octoous vulsaris
Adriatic Sea
w 0.92
Strohal et al.
(1975)
Oyster
Ostrea edulis Great 3ritain D (O.OIO- Leatherland &
0.015) 3urton (197*0
Oyster
Ostrea sinuata New Zealand muscle D 80.0 Brooks &
other
organs D <30.0
Rumsby (1965)
20
-------
European limpet
Patella vule-ata
Scallop
Pecten novaezelandiae
Squid
Sepia officinalis
CRUSTACEA
Great Britain
(contam. area)
" (non-contam.)
New Zealand
Great Britain sill
D 0.12
Leatherland &
Burton (197^)
D (0.060-0.070)
D (30.0
0.026
mantle D 0.010
Brooks &
Rumsby (1965)
Leatherland &
Burton (197^)
Decapod
Acanthep'nyra exiiia
Copepod
Acartia claus'
"AnohiDods"
CooeDods
Diolodus annularis
N.W. Africa
Greece
S.V7. Africa
Adriatic Sea
D 0.035
Leatherland e
al. (1973)
D (0.0b-l.l) Zafiropoulos
0.31 & Grinanis
w 0.009
w (0.037-6.1)
-977)
Van As et al.
(1975)
W (0.12-0.l+o) Strchal et al
(1975)
w 0.23
Mysidacid
Eucooia sculoticauia
!T.W. Africa -whole D 0.011
Leatherland e
al. (1973)
Rock lobster
Jasus lalandii
Ccpeood .
Labidocera acutifrons
Decapod
Leander serratus
II .W,
Adriatic Sea
nuscle W 0.12-SD 0.07 Van As et al.
(1975)
¦whole D 0.037
W 0.53
Leatherland e
al. (1973)
itrohal et al
(1975)
21
-------
Euphausid
Meaianyctiohanes norveglca
N.W. Africa
Decapod
Oolophorus S3.
Shrimp
Palaemon elegans
Decapod
Systellasois debilis N.W.
ECHINODEBMATA
whole D 0.037
D 0.055
0.016
Africa D 0.013
Great Britain
Sea urchin
Arbacia lixula Adriatic Sea whole D 5.5
Sea star
Asterias rubens Sweden no
viscera D 0.10
Great Britain D 0.010
Sea urchin
Srissoosis lyrifera Sweden no
viscera
D 0.18
sea urcnin
Echir.aster seoositus Adriatic Sea whole D 0.020
Sea cucumber
Holothuria tubulosa. " " D 0.050
Starfish
Marthasterias glacialis Great Britain D 0.027
Greece whole D 0.020
Serpent star
Oohioder-na lonsicauda Adriatic Sea D 0.010
Leatherland
et al. (1973)
Leatherland &
Burton (197*0
Leatherland et
al. (1973)
Papadopculou
& Kanias
(1976)
Noddack &
lioddack
(19^0)
Leatherland &
Burton (197*0
Noddack &
Noddack
(19^0)
Papadopoulou
Kanias (l97o)
Leatherland &
Burton (197*0
Papadopoulou ~
Kanias (1976)
22
-------
Sea urchin
Paracentrotus lividus Adriatic Sea 'whole D 0.070
PapadopouLou &
Kanias (1976)
Sea urchin
So'naerechinus granularis
Sea cucumber
Stichoous tremulus
Sweden
D 0.13
no
viscera D 0.2-
Noddack &
Noddack (iQho)
TUNICATA
iuracate
Botrvllus schlosseri
Great 3ritain
D 0.26
Leatherlanc
& Burton
(197^)
Tunicate
Ciona intestinalis
Sweden
Greece
D 0.10
whole W 0.0070
0.16
tunic W 0.0050
D 0.15
other than
tunic w
D
0.01£
0.^0
Noddack &
Noddack (19^0)
Papadopoulou
& Kanias (1977)
lunicate
Microcosmus sulcatus
whole N O.Olo
D 0.10
Tunicate
P'/VOSOT.S SO.
Tunicate
Stye la clava
PCRIFERA
N.W. Afri
Great Britain
D 0.02-
D 0.15
Leatherlar.d e>
al. (1973)
Leatherlar.d co
Burton (l97^)
Sponge
rtc. j_i c h i 2. o s.ni 00 b.
Africa
D 0.0;
23
-------
Sponge
Halic'nondria so. Sweden
COELSNTERATA
•Jellyfish
Cyanea capjllata "
" New England
Sea anemone
Metriaium dianthus Sweden
Tealia felina Great Britain
AIILIELIDA
Ragvorn
Mereis diversicolor "
PROTOZOA
Schistosoma nansoni
SCYPKAZOA
Pelasria so. N.W. Africa
CHAETOGNATHA
Arrow or m
Sagjtta so. S.W. Africa
D 0.08 Noddack &
Noddack
whole D 0.l5 "
" A ND Nichoils et al.
(1959)
D 0.23 Noddack &
Noddack (19^-0)
D 0.022 Leatherland &
Burton (197^-)
D 0.031
D 1.0 Sr.ith (1970)
whole D 0.01+3 Leather land
et al. (1973)
W (0.22-1.2) Van As et al.
(1975)
24
-------
Soecies
(I)
ANTIMONY IN HIGHER PLMTS
(2)
Locality
Analysis
Mssue PPM
Authority
"a • "
Angiosperms
Swiss chard
Beta vuL?:sris cicla
United States
(?rown in soil
pH 5.5)
IT T!
IT IT
" PH 6.5
" pH 6.0
" (sludge fortified,
pn 6.5)
IT M TT -- _ _
pn 5.5
D 0.6
D
D
D
D
D
2.2
u.u
11.5
6.:
Bov;en (1966)
Furr et al.
(1976)
r.aie
Brassica oleracea aceohala
northern reee. grass
Calamagrostis canaaens Is N.W. Territories
leaf &
stem
0.07
Rancitelli
et al. (1969)
in 0'Toole
et al. (1971)
(2.^7-15.^)
0'Toole et al.
- /
(1971)
-
Camellia sinensis
lea:
O.O^liSD
C. OC-62 5
Shah e;
(1971)
il.
Orange
Citrus sinensis
0.0000^
In 0'Toole
et al. (1971)
(1)
(2)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
1 indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a 'Jez, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates rf'ge 0:
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (S1"^ , standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/'g = picocuries per gram.
25
-------
Coffee
Coffea arabica
Tobacco
Nicotians tabacim
bean
leaf
(0.C055|4- Shah et al.
0.0158) (1971)
10.6
Nadkarni et
al. (1970)
in cigarette
smoke 1.9
leaf D 2.3
stem D 0.66
Nadkarni &
Ehman (1970)
Ponderosa pine
Pinus conderosa
idahc
tobacco,
cigarette
D
pipe D
cigar D
(0.3-38.0)
(8.5-13.0)
(c.5-1.2)
wood D (0.0023-C.Oll) Sheppard &
Funk (1925)
Wild rose
Rosa acicularis
N.W. Territories
Dist. from
smelter (mi):
leaf &
It II ^ 1
0.^ stem
" 0.8 »
1.8
1.9
D
D
D
D
I.85
1.52
0.79
0.17
O'Toole et
al. (1971)
rjel -rass
Zc'Sters. rn2.r,in«?.
o-rass
Adriatic Sea
Various plant species Florida
United States
(salt-sick &
healthy areas)
w 0.093
0.0
0.0
Strohal et
al. (1975)
Carrigan &
Rogers (l9^0)
Russoff (1937)
26
-------
Plant parts in
children's insitutional
diet (0.209-0.693) Murthy et al.
(1971)
"Honey" New York W (0.001-0.01>+)Tong et al.
(1975)
27
-------
ANTIMONY IN
(l)
ALGAE
Soecies
(2)
Analysis
Locality Tissue FPM
Authoritv
Red alga
Ahnfeltia plicata
Great Britain
D
0.080
Leatherland &
Burton (197*0
Red alga
Chondrus criscus
»
D
0.019
TT
Brown alga
Cystoseira abrotanifolia
Adriatic Sea
W
0.22
Strohal et
al. (1975)
Kelp
Ecklonia maxima
S.W. Africa
W
0.082-SD
0.025
Van As et
al. (1975)
Brown alga
Fucus serratus
Great Britain
D
0.0^7
Leatherland &
Burton (197*0
Brown alga
Fucus versoides
Adriatic Sea
W
O.Ik
Strohal et
al. (1975)
Red alga
Gjgartina rachula S.W. Africa W 0.2k Van As et
al. (1975)
3rown alga
Halidrvs siliauosa Great Britain D 0.060 Leatherland
& 3urton (197*0
(1) ^
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
(2)
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (3E), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
28
-------
Brown alga
Laminaria dis;itata
Brown alga
Lamina ria hyperborea
Brown alga
Laminaria saccharina
Red alga
Porchyra caDensis
Red ribbons
Suhria vittata
Sea lettuce
Ulva lactuca
Sea lettuce
Ulva soo.
Green algae
Algae (marine)
Algae
Great Britain
Great Britain
S.W. Africa
Adriatic Sea
S.W. Africa
Germany,
Dortmund
Bangkok,
Thailand
Danube R.
Austria
D 0.029
frond D 0.09
D 0.016
Leatherland
& Burton
(197M
Lunde (1970a)
Leatherland &
Burton (l97u)
W 0.2liSD 0.15 Van As et al.
(1975)
w 0.23
w 0.067
Strohal et
al. (1975)
W 0.l6±SD 0.09 Van As et al.
(1975)
D (0.1-1.2) Payer et al
OM
D (0.15-0.3)
0.22
0.8
(1975)
Bowen (1966)
D (1.51-7.87) Rehwoldt el
!+.3 al. (1975)
29
-------
(1)
ARSENIC IN MAMMALS
(2)
Soecies
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Fin whale
Balaenootera physalis
Cow
Bos bovis
(1)
(2)
Antarctica
blubber,
oil
muscle,
bone,
blubber,
oil
muscle,
oil
muscle
water
soluble,
muscle
milk,
evap.
unsalted
butter
W 1.8
W 2.3
W 2.h
D 0.36
D 0.9
United States muscle W 1.3
W 0.17
w 0.23
Lunde
(1967)
" (1970)
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g - picocuries per gram.
30
-------
Cow
Bos bovis
m it
ti ri
u 11
muscle
IT ! T
it rt
it n
ft ii
T! II
II IT
M TT
If II
II II
II II
It II
It II
Montana
liver
0.056
W 0.2
W 0.05
Washington,
dairy cattle
downwind from
Cu smelter
10-13 mi hair
milk
Kingsley et
al. (1951)
Lewis (1972)
Orheim et
al. (197*0
blood
11 it __
37 aii.
(controls) hair
" »l H . , ,
mi lk
blood
w (3.7-19.0)
8.9
w (0.007-0.02)
0.013
w (0.023-0.030)
0.0258
W (o.13-o.8U)o.U6
w (0.003-0.01)
0.0025
w (0.001-0.015)
0.0094
Germany
20 X increase of As in hair
& urine 2 X control
Cattle died near Bischoff &
Cu smelter Haun (1939)
calf,
muscle
W (0.005-0.l) Barnard
(1911)
Italy
calf
liver
liver
W 0.008
w 0.52
w 0.15
w O.C63
Pezzeri
(1970)
Orvini et
al. (197^)
31
-------
Cow
Bos bovis
mi lk
w
(0.0005-0.07)Barnard
(1911)
ft tl
United States
mus cle
w
(ND-0.1)0.02 Jelinek &
Corneliussen
(1977)
ft II
It
liver
w
(ND-0.05)0.03
It
If ft
It
milk
w
(ND-0.2)0.02
ft
Northern fur seal
Callorhinus ursinus
Pribilif
Islands
kidney
w
<>0.2
Anas (l97*+)
If tf
II
liver
w
<.0.2
It
Rock squirrel
Callospermophilus lateralis
Utah
II
D (0.1-9.1*)
Shartna &
Shupe (1975)
Guinea pig
Cavia Dorcellus
Maryland
tl
D
(0.06-0.21)
Furr et
al. (1976)
II II
If
kidney
D
(0.01-0.0U)
ft
It II
II
mus cle
D
(0.06-0.12)
It
II II
II
adrenal
D
(0.1-0.5*0
It
11 IT
It
spleen
D
(0.02-0.25)
II
Common dolphin
Delphinus deluhis
New Zealand
liver
W
(0.13-0.8)
Koeman et
al. (1972)
Opossum
Didelphis marsupialis
vira;iniana
Tennessee
D
0.2
Andren et
al. (1973)
Horse
Eauus caballus
Montana
mane
D
(0.0-7.5)
Lewis
(1972)
11 II
II II
" dist. from
smelter 1.0
SSE
" N 1.0
mi
mi
D
D
(2.1-7.5)^.2
(0.0-U.5)l.3
Tt
It
II II
ii ii E
2.9
mi
D
(0.0-^.^)0.3^
32
-------
Horse
Eauus caballus
Montana, dist.
from
" all
smelter 5-3 mi.
mane
other sites
D
D
(0.0-2.3)0.2
0.0
If
If
lung
W
0.7
ft
M
liver
W
0.1
II
II
kidney
W
trace
tl
ft
muscle
W
0.11
tt
It
mane
W
2.0
II
Lewis (1972)
Germany
Dusky dolphin
Lagenorhynchos obscurus New Zealand
Horses died near Cu
smelter
liver
Woodchuck
Marmota rnonax
Mous e
Mus muscuius
United States
Laboratory
kidney
spleen
liver
w 0.52
W 1.3
W 5.6
W 0.0
White-tailed deer
Odocoileus virginiana Tennessee
Bischoff &
Haun (1939)
W (0.13-0.8) Koeman et
al. (1972)
Balassa
(1966)
19 deer killed from arsenic Swiggart et
acid herbicide al. (1972)
liver
kidney
rumen
contents
(1U.7-2M)
18.96
(7.6-33.0)
17.78
(18.0-31.8)
22.5
33
-------
Rabbit
Oryctolagus cuniculus
Switzerland
Feeding As produced local
pigmentation in fur
tf tl
Russia
(fed As)
muscle
W
(1.0-2.0)
tf tt
It
liver
W
3.0
tl It
tt
kidney
W
3.0
tl tl
Rabbits 1 km from power
plant had high
accumulation of As
in fur
tt It
Montana
muscle
W
0.6
Sheep
Ovis aries
New Zealand
Fed 3 "wks dry
Elodea with
3D0 ppm As: kidney
W
3.76
It II
tt tt
It
muscle
W
1.13
It tt
IT II
tt
liver
W
3.07
II II
tt tt
It
wool
D
12.6
II tt
tt tt
It
hoof
D
2.21
tl tt
United States
mus cle
W
0.35
" " Germany Sheep died near
Cu smelter
Common harbor seal
Phoca vitulina Great Britain blood W 0.08-0.03
+
soleen W 0.2-0.1
heart W 0.1-0.05
+
muscle W 0.3-0.1
kidney W 0.3-0.1
34
Robert &
Zurcher
(1950)
Shtenberg
(1938)
TT
ft
Bencko
(1970)
Lewis
(1972)
Lancaster
et al.
(1971)
It
tl
tt
ft
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
Bischoff &
Haun (1939)
Hamilton
(1976)
It
11
It
It
-------
Common harbor seal
Phoca vitulina
Harbour porpoise
Phocoena phocoena
Great Britain liver
North Sea
brain
Whale
Physeter macrocephalus Antarctica blubber,
Rat
Rattus rattus
Squirrel
Sciurus sd.
Surinam dolphin
Sotalia scuianensis
Pig
Sus scrofa
ti ii
n it
oil
liver
brain
Tennessee
Surinam
liver
Italy
W 0.2-0.09 Hamilton
(1976)
W (<0.01-0.16) Koeman et
al. (1972)
W 0.6
United States kidney W 0.0
Lunde
(1967)
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1966)
w (0.0-0.52)
W (0.0-0.W+)
D 0.8
Andren et
al. (1973)
W (0.15-0.19) Koeman et
al. (1972)
United States muscle W 0.06
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
liver W (1.07-l.k)
kidney W 0.0 "
muscle W (ND-0.l)0.02 Jeliiek &
Corneliussen
(1977)
liver W (WD-0.05)0.02 "
muscle W (0.22-0.32) Barela &
Pezzeri
(1966)
W 0.02
Ledet et
al. (1973)
35
-------
Sus scrofa
Bottle-nosed dolphin
Tursiops truncatus
Fox
Vuloes so.
ti it
it n
I! II
whale
Michigan
Fed arsanilic
acid (clinical
signs) liver
Fed high to
low ants. of
h2o
control "
Fron dolphin-
arium, fed
North Sea fish
Vornies et
al. (196?)
5.0
(0.02-3.3)
0.6
w (0.13-0.8)
United States
(wild) kidney W 0.39
heart W 0.25
" lung W O.69
Tennessee B 0.8
Antarctica blubber,
oil W (2.2-2.3)
Koeman et
al. (1972)
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
And re r. et
al. (1973)
Lunde
(1967)
nuscle W O.36
" (1970)
36
-------
(1)
Species
TABLE
Locality
ARSENIC IN BIRDS
(2)
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
Authori ty
Mallard duck
Anas platyrhynchos Canada
feather
D
(0.1-0.2)
0.5
Kelsall
(1970)
" " New York
liver
W
<0.i+
Baker et
al. (1976)
it rt it
muscle
W
<0.ii
ft
Black duck
Anas rubripes Canada
feather
D
(0.1-0.2)
0.17
Kelsall.
(1970)
" " New York
liver
W
<0.1+
3aker et
al. (1976)
tl tt II
muscle
W
<0.U
It
White-fronted goose
Anser albifrons Canada
feather
D
(0.2-0.5)
0.38
Kelsall
(1970)
Lesser scaup
Aythya affinis "
tl
D
(0.1-0.2)0.15
Greater scaup
Aythya marila nearctica
New York
liver
W
<0>
Baker et
al. (1976)
n ti tt tt
muscle
W
-------
Ayt'nya valisineria
New York
liver
W
<0.1+
Baker et
al. (1976)
11 tl
11
muscle
W
<0.1+
It
Tl It
tl
brain
w
-------
Chicken
Gallus aomesticus
White-singed, scoter
Melanitta deslandi
Turkey
Meleasris sallooavo
Portugal
0.013
mus c le W 0.02
kidney
liver
bene
marrow
kidney
Great
Britain
t.us c le
kidney
liver
egg yolk
United States muscle
" i ¦
liver
T!
egg
New York
liver
liver
W 0.05
w 42.2
W (o.o-o.U)
W 0.02
liver W 0.02
W 0.02
w 0.05
W 0.08
w 0.005
W (ND-0.5)
0.08
Kingsley &
Schaffert
(1951)
Costa et
al. (1970)
George et
al. (1973)
Baron (1969)
Barnard
(1911)
Jelinek &
Corneliussen
(1977)
W (ND-0.U)0.08
W (ND-0.2)0.03
w <0.1+
Baker et
al. (1976)
muscle W <0.1+
W O.Oli
irost et
al. (1955)
muscle W 0.03
39
-------
Osprey
Pandion haliaetus
Brown pelican
Pelecanus occidentalis
S. Florida
w <0.10
W <0.10
South
Carolina
Florida
South
Carolina
" " Georgia
Double-breasted cormorant
Phalacrocorax auritus 3. Florida
liver
egg
Starling
Sturnus vulgaris
United States whole body
(1971) except beak,
foot, &
wing
Lansing,
Michigan (l97l)
United States
(urban, 1973)
United States
(rural, 1973)
Ogden et
al. (197^0
Blus et
W (0.076-0.85) al. (1977)
0.31
w (0.07-0.18)0.10
w (0.U7-0.89) "
w (0.29-1.02)
w 0.23
w <0.10
w (0.01-0.0U)
Ogden et
al. (197*0
Martin &
Nickerson
(1973)
W 0.21
W (<0.0^-l.U0) White et al.
0.171-SE C.O63 (1977)
geom. mean O.O85
w (<0.05-0.52)
0.139-SE 0.02^
geom. mean C.057
As in starlings showed 88% increase in
1973 over 1971
Cxocse
down
W 1.2
(1902) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Peacock
feather W 2.5
40
-------
Sparrow
Hawk
Owl
Tennessee
D 0.2
D O.U
D 0.05
Andren et
al. (1973)
41
-------
(1)
ARSENIC IN REPTILES AND AMPHIBIA
(2)
Species
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
Authority
REPTILES
Alligator
Alligator mississipiensis
S. Florida
Crocodile
Crocodylus acutus "
egg
Ogden et
W (0.05-0.2) al. (197*0
w (0.06-0.08)
AMPHIBIA
Toad
Bombina varieeata
Toad
Bufo bufo
(1)
Yugoslavia
Iarija Hg
mine
Poljane
Yugoslavia
Dolenjska
Idrija Hg
mine
liver
W (0.035-0.0i+8)
w (0.036-0.039)
W 0.021
w 0.038
Byrne et
al. (1975)
(2)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
Pci/g = picocuries per gram.
42
-------
Frog
Rana esculenta
Leopard frog
Rana piniens
Frog
Rana tenmoraria
Yugoslavia
Macedonia
Rab
Yugoslavia
Ljubljana
Idrija Hg
mine
liver
thyroid
gland
liver
S. Florida whole
liver
Byrne et
W (0.078-0.UUU) al. (1975)
W 1.0
W (0.107-
0.183)
W 0.07
w 0.0U7
W 0.195
Ogden et
al. (197U)
Byrne et
al. (1975)
43
-------
ARSENIC
IN MARINE FISH
(1)
Species
Locality
(2)
Analysis
Tissue PPM
Authority
Sturgeon
Acipenser
giildenstadti
Caspian Sea
W
1.31
Shtenberg
(1939)
tt
tt
r»
D
5.02
tt
11
tt
Sea of Azov
W
1.39
tt
It
tf
tt
D
5.96
tt
Sturgeon
Acipenser
SD.
New York
W
(0.08-0.M+)
Pakkala et
al. (1972)
tl
tt
Russia
egg W
3.8
Chapman
(1926)
Sturgeon
Acipenser
stellatus
Caspain Sea
W
l.l
Shtenberg
(1939)
tt
tr
tt
D
5.27
It
M
rt
Sea of Azov
W
l.J+5
It
tt
rt
It
D
6.3
tt
(1)
(2)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
44
-------
Spotted wolffish
Anarchichas minor
Barents Sea
W. Greenland muscle
liver
W 2.7
D 1U.3
Shtenberg
(1939)
D (17.0-195.0) Bohn
78.3 (1975)
D (19.3-55.9)
1+0.1
Bay anchovy
Anchoa mitchelli
Blue hake
Antimora rostrata
N.W. Atlantic whole D 2.1
Norway
Windom et
al. (1973b)
W (7.1-10.7) Lunde (1973)
Mid Atlantic
Bight muscle W 21,0
" liver W U.8
Greig et
al. (1976)
Barred cardinal fish
Apogon sd.
Sea catfish
Arius felis
(=Galeichthys felis)
Aspius as Pius
Catfish
Ba^re marinus
Lanternfish
3olinichthys indicus
Turbct
3othina sd.
Menhaden (Machete)
Brevoortia maculata
Grand Bahamas
Island whole
S. Florida
Norway muscle
oil
N. Atlantic
Bermuda
5.03
Taylor &
Bright
(1973)
Ogden et
W (3.12-7.^7) al. (197U)
w 0.9
D <1.0
midsection D <1.0
Lunde (1967)
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Gibbs et
al. (197U)
Great Britain muscle W (0.6-1.8) Cox (1925)
Peru
(0.16-O.5) Echegaray
0.33 (197^)
45
-------
Menhaden
Brevoortia tyrannus
North America
oi 1
W
15.5
(1925) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Cusk
Brosme brosme
Norway
liver
oil
W
1.8
Lunde (1967)
Porgy
Calamus brachysomus
Peru
muscle
1.12
Echegaray
(197^)
CrevalLe jack
Caranx hippos
S. Florida
whole
w
(0.5-0.55)
Ogden et
al. (197*0
Black sea bass
Centropristes striatus
N.W. Atlantic
muscle
D
6.k
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Lanternfish
Ceratoscopelus warminei
Bermuda
midsection
D
(<1.0-1.0)
Gibbs et
al. (197*0
11 If
N. Atlantic
D
a.o
Windom et
al. (1973^)
Atlantic herring
CluDea harensus
Norway
lipid
W
(3.1-20.2)
Lur.de (1973)
ft II
If
meal
D
(2.7-6.9)
II
11 It
Tl
muscle
D
3.8
" (1970)
it ri
II
bone
D
1.9
II
IT It
II
skin
D
7.2
ft
It It
Sweden
muscle
W
(0.16-U.8)
Ljunggren
et al.
(1971)
it rr
Great Britain
W
(0.U-0.8)
Cox (1925)
tt it
Sweden
muscle
W
(0.1-0.3)
II
it ii
Caspian Sea
tt
W
1.5
II
tl 11
Nova Scotia
46
ft
W
l.U
Reinke et
al. (1975)
-------
Atlantic herring
Clupea harengus
Denmark
Sweden
Norway
W. Norway
W 2.0
muscle W 0.2
D 3.9
water
soluble D (5.2-21.6)
D k.2
Eel
Conger sd.
N.W. Atlantic muscle D <1.0
Wrasse
Ctenolabrus rupestris Sweden
Round seal
Decapterus punctatus
Lanternfish
Diaphus dumerili
Lanternfish
Diaphus mollis
I! II
N.W. Africa whole
D 12.0
Spotted trout
Cynoscion nebulosus N.W. Atlantic muscle D 2.5
D 1.8
D 2.7
Bermuda
midsection D <1.0
N.W. Atlantic muscle D <1.0
Sadolin
(1928)
Shtenberg
(1939)
Lunde (1969)
" (1973)
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Noddack &
Noddack
(i9*+o)
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Leatherland
et al. (1973)
Gibbs et
al. (197*0
Windom et
al. (1973b)
"ejerrey
Dontesthes resia
Peru
(0.30-0.52)
0.33
Drepanopsetta platessoides
Barents Sea
W 2.5
D 12.3
icnegaray
(197^)
Shtenberg
(1939)
47
-------
Moray eel
Enchelycore sc.
Bahama Islands whole
Grouper, Rock hind
Spinephelus adscensionis
Red hind
Epinephalus guttatus
Nassau grouper
Epinephalus striatus
muscle
Priest shark
Etmopterus spinax
>i ¦> •
liver
" kidney
" heart
N.W. Africa liver
Damselfish
Eupomacentrus partitus Bahama Islands whole
Little tunney
Euthynnus alleteratus
Squirrelfish
Flamaeo narianus
Rock cod
Gadus callarius
N.W. Atlantic muscle
Bahama Islands whole
Barents Sea
Great Britain muscle
U.79 Taylor &
Bright
(1973)
(0.21-0.5*0
(o.Ul-2.1+8) "
(1.62-13.65)
9.9±SD U.89
(6.58-15.9^)
9.79-SD U.86
(3.^5-8.80)
(h.10-5.95)
D (1.2-1.3) Leatherlana
et al. (1973)
3.96
D 1.1
Taylor &
Bright
(1973)
Windom et
al. (1973b)
(0.75-1.36) Taylor &
Bright
w 3.8
D 18.0
D U.8
(1973)
(1939) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Leatherland
& Burton
(197*0
48
-------
Norway pout
Gadus esmarki
Norway
oil
W
3.2
Lunds (1967)
Gadus macroceDhalus
W
11.8
(1935) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
!t It
W
6.5
It
Atlantic cod
Gadus morhua
Norway
muscle
D
2.2
Lunde (1970)
It ft
tt
bone
D
0.9
tt
ft tt
tt
liver
D
9.8
It
rt tt
IT
skin
D
3.5
II
it ii
Sweden
muscle
W
(0.26-11.0)
Ljunggren
et al.
(1971)
it tt
It
tt
W
(0.2-0.U)
Cox (1925)
tt tt
Norway
oil,
liver
W
(0.8-26.0)
Lunde (1967)
it tt
Great Britain
muscle
W
(0.8-2.0)
Cox (1925)
it tt
Sweden
tt
W
o.h
(1926) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
it It
w
(1.0-3.3)
(1933) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
ir ti
w
13.0
(1928) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Tt It
liver
w
20.0
II
It II
muscle
w
6.0
It
tt tt
tt II
meal
fat
w
D
15.5.
0.7
(1929) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
II
It It
Sweden
(1919)
(0.5-^.1)
Bang
(1919)
49
-------
Atlantic cod
Gadus morhua
Gadus navaga
Greenland cod
Gadus osac
T! M
Cod
Gadus st3.
It M
n n
u t1
Gulf of
Bothnia
Norway
Denmark
muscle
liver
muscle
liver
Newfoundland muscle
New Brunswick "
N.W. Atlantic "
Iceland "
Indiga
River
W. Greenland muscle
muscle
liver
mus c le
D
D
W
W
W
w
(0.26-0.^9) Westermark
(1969)
(3.I+-I+.2)
3.69-2U.3) Lunde (1973)
0.k-0.8) Sadolin
(1928)
0.7-3.2)
O.U-l.5) Kennedy
'.8-SD 0.61 (1976)
O.U-1.5) Penrose et
al. (1975)
1.2-7.*0 Zook et
.5-SD 1.7 al. (1976)
0.3-1.6)
o.8isD O.k "
W 2.U
D 11.8
Shtenberg
(1939)
D (23.9-152.0) Bohn
62.5 (1975)
liver D (7.6-1+6.3)21.9
5^0.0 (max.) Robertson et
al. (1972)
(cited in
Bohn (1975))
(S*^-^^) Westermark
(1969)
(O.26-O.U9)
age 6
0.26
50
-------
Cod
Gadus sp.
Yuyo
Gigartina chamissoi
Fairy basslet
Gramma loreto
Peru
muscle,
age 8-10
" age 10
muscle
Bahama Islands whole
Wrasse
Halichoeres disDilus Peru
Greenling
Hexagrammos sd. W. Canada
Cow shark
Hexanchus griseus
Halibut
Hjppoglossus hippoglossus
Norway
muscle
liver,
oil
Great Britain muscle
Nova Scotia
American plaice
Hippoglossoides platessoides
New Brunswick
" " Newfoundland
Pacific halibut
nipDoglossus stenolenis Gulf of Alaska
0.1+7
0.U9
1.22
Westermark
(1969)
Echegaray
(197*0
(1.51-2.33) Taylor &
Bright
(1973)
1.19
Echegaray
(197*0
LeBlanc &
W (<0.U-0.8) Jackson
W (<0.U-5.9)3.5 LeBlanc &
Jackson
(1973)
LeBlat
Jackst
(1973)
W 5.3
W 0.3
w (0.0-0.3)
w 1.8
Lunde (1967)
(1926) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Ccx (1925)
Reinke et
al. (1975)
Penrose et
D (1.1+-11.7) al. (1975)
W (1.I+-II.7) Kennedy
l+.^SD 3.0 (1976)
W (0.8-3.9) Zook et
1.8-SD 1.0 al. (1976)
51
-------
Longspine squirrelfish
Holocentrus rufus
Huso huso
tt ft
Ratfish
Hydrolagus colliei
Lanternfish
Hygophum hygomi
Bahama Islands whole
Sea of Azof
(U.87-6.12) Taylor &
Bright
W l.Ul
D 6.19
(1973)
(1939) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
W. Canada muscle
W (0.U-10.3)l0.2
LeBlanc &
Jackson
(1973)
Bermuda
midsection D <1.0
Gibbs et
al. (197*0
Lanternfish
Hygophum macrochir
Barred hamlet
Kypoplectrus puella
Pinfish
Laeodon rhomboides
Lanternfish
Lampanyctus photonotus
Lanternfish
Lampany.ctus pusillus
(191^ in alcohol) D 1.3?
(1855 in alcohol) D 7.9*
N.W. Atlantic muscle D <0.1
N.W. Africa whole D 2.5
Bahama Islands
8.56
Windom et
al. (1973^)
Leatherland
et al.
(1973)
Taylor 3c
Bright
(1973)
S. Florida whole
W (2.05-3.52) Ogden et
al. (197*0
Bermuda
midsection D <1.0
Gibbs et
al. (197*0
D <1.0
N.W. Atlantic muscle D 1.0
Windom et
al. (1973b)
52
-------
Leoidophanes indicus N.W. Atlantic muscle
D <1.0
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Yellowtail flounder
Limanda ferrusinea
W (2.1-10.3) Zook et
U.5±SD 3.0 al. (1976)
Lanternfish
Lobiar.chia dofleini
Bermuda
midsection D \2.0
N.W. Atlantic muscle
D <1.0
Gibbs et
al. (197M
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Red snapper
Lut.janus campechanus Gulf of
Mexico
Zook et
W (0.2-1.0) al. (1976)
O.U-SD 0.1
Gray snapper
Lut.janus griseus
S. Florida whole W
(1.1+-2.23) Ogden et
al. (197U)
Black marlin
Makaira indica
N.E. Australia muscle W
liver W
(0.1-1.65) Mackay et
0.6±SE 0.05U al. (1973)
(0.1-2.75)1.0
±se 0.083 "
Blue tnarlin
Makaira nigricans Japan
muscle W (0.1-0.2) Nishigaki
0.77- 0.U3 et al.
(197^)
Capelin
Mallotus villosus Norway
oil
w 13.2
Lunde (1967)
water-
soluble
W
D
7.9
6.1
(1969)
(1973)
Haddock
Melanogrammus aeslefinus
(=Gadus aeglefinus) Great Britain
Sweden
W (0.1-0.6) Cox (1925)
W (0.1-0.2)
10.3
Lunde (1973)
53
-------
Haddock
MeLanografiinus aeglefinus
(=Gadus aeglefinus) 3arents Sea
United States muscle
" N.W. Atlantic "
Norway
Nova Scotia muscle
Washington
Whiting
Menticirrhus saxatilis Great Britain muscle
Silver hake, whiting
Merluccius bilinearis N.W. Atlantic
European hake
Merluccius merluccius Great Britain
Merluza
Merluccius peruanus
Peru
Pacific hake
Merluccius productus N.W. Atlantic
w 3.1+
w 2.87
D 15.6
W 2.17
W (1.8-9.5)
6.6-se 2.8
D 10.8
w 10.0
D (5.U-10.8)
(1933) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
(1939) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
Zook et
al. (1976)
Lunde (1973)
Reinke et
al. (1975)
Cardiff
(1937)
W (0.1-3.3) Cox (1925)
W (0.1-3.3) Chapman
(1926)
W (2.3-5.M Zook et
3.7-SD 0.9 et al.
(1976)
w 0.3
ChaDman
(1926)
W (0.2-0.3) Cox (1925)
(0.05-0.3)
0.18
W (0.2-1.0)
0.6±SD 0.2
Echegaray
(197I+)
Zook et
al. (1976)
54
-------
Dover sole
Microstomus pacificus
S. California muscle
(contam. area)
" (uncontam.
area;
S. California "
Planehead filefish
Monocanthus hispidus Mid. Atlantic
(=Stephanolepsis hispidus) Bight whole
3ass
Morone labrax
Striped bass
Morone saxatilis
Striped mullet
Mugil cephalus
Tollo shark
Mustelus sd.
Grouper
Mycteroperca bonaci
Scamp
Mycteroperca phenax
Tiger grouper
Mycteroperca tigris
Great Britain muscle
N.W. Atlantic
Peru
S. Florida
N.W. Atlantic
United States whole
Peru
mus cle
Bahama Islands
Fowler et
W k.12-SE 0.62 al. (1975)
W 2.U3-SE 0.37
W (l.3-3.l) DeGoeij et
al. (197U)
W 1.5
D 7.1
D 1.8
Greig et
al. (1976)
Leatherland
& Burton
(197*0
Windom et
al. (1973b)
(0.68-1.33) Echegaray
1.02 (197k)
W (1.22-2.51) Ogden et
al. (197*0
d a.o
Windom et
al. (1973b)
liver
W (0.02-0.75) Walsh et
al. (1977)
(O.6-O.96) Echegaray
0.75 (197U)
(0.1-0.17) Taylor &
Bright
(1973)
(0.10-3.82)
(1.0-3.0U)
(0.55-1.16)
55
-------
Ye Hot fin grouper
Mycteroperca venenosa
Bahama
Islands
muscle
(O.lU-2.38)
Taylor &
Bright
(1973)
Shorthorn sculpin
Myoxocephalus scorpi us
W. Greenland
11
D
(19.3-72.3)
U3.i+
Bohn
(1975)
tt II
1!
liver
D
(20.1-126.0)
57.9
tl
Nematonurus armatus
Mid. Atlantic
Bight
muscle
W
(10.0-20.0)
Greig et
al. (1976)
tr ti
II
liver
W
10. h
tl
Yellowfin tuna
Neothunnus macropterus
Japan
muscle
w
(0.5-l.b)
0.98-0.29
Nishigaki
et al.
(197*0
Lanternfish
Notoscopelus caudiSDinosus
Bermuda
midsection
D
<1.0
Gibbs et
al. (197U)
n it
N.W. Atlantic
muscle
D
<1.0
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Pejerrey
Odontesthes regia
Peru
II
(C.3-0.52)
0.33
Echegaray
(197M
Lingcod
Ophiodon elcngatus
W. Canada
tl
W
0.3
LeBlanc &
Jackson
(1973)
Shrimp eel
Ophichthus gomesi
N.W. Atlantic
II
D
1.0
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Palespotted eel
Ophichthus ocellatus
tl
tl
D
1.0
Tt
Yellowhead jawfish
Opistaenathus macrognathus
Taylor &
Bahama Islands whole h.kj Bright
(1973)
56
-------
Jand.bass (Cabrilla) „
3aralaorax nu^eralis Peru
nuscle
Flounder (Lenguado)
Paralichthys adspersus
Flounder
Paralichthys lethostigtna
N.W. Atlantic "
Flounder
Paralichthys gp.
Nova Scotia
Corvina
Paralonchurus peruanus Peru
English sole
Parophrys vetulus
Flounder
Pleuronectes flesus
(=Platichthys flesus)
W. Canada
Sweden
Skagerrak
Norway
Baltic Sea
Norway
Great Britain
Plaice
Pleuronectes platessa Sweden
Great Britain
Norway
oil,
liver
oil,
tissue
oil
(g.63-0.7^) Echegaray
O.69 (197*0
(0.31-O.U)
0.35
D <1.0
W 1.8
2.0
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Reinke et
al. (1975)
Echegaray
(197*+)
W (0.6-11.5)1.1 LeBlanc &
Jackson
(1973)
W (o.58-7.*+0) Ljunggren
et al.
(1971)
W (1.2U-7.*03.5*4-
w (0.58-0.79)0.685 "
D 8.7
w (0.5-0.9)
W (1.U-3.0)
Leatherland
& Burton
(197*+)
(1926) in
Vinogradov
W (l.0-li.0) Lunde (1967)
W (2.0-2.2)
W 6.1
" (1972)
57
-------
Plaice
Pleuronectes platessa Baltic Sea
Japanese
Sea
muscle
W (O.SU-5.7) Ljunggren et
al. (1971)
W 1.25
Shtenberg
(1939)
Mackerel
Pneumatophorus .japonicus
Sweden
Great Britain
Japan
W (6.0-10.0) (1926) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
W (0.3-0.9)0.5 Cox (1925)
w (0.8-3.0)1.7
muscle
D 0.C15
Pollock, coal fish
Pollachius virens
Norway
N.W. Atlantic
Sand sole
Psettichthys melanostictus
W. Canada
Skate
Ra.ja sp. "
Greenland halibut
Heinhardtius hippoglossoides
W. Greenland
W 7.2
liver oil W 3-2
Fukai &
Meinke
(1962)
Lunde (1973)
Lunde (1967)
muscle W (l.l-U.7) Zook et al.
2.U±SD 1.1 (1976)
LeBlanc &
W (0.6-11.5)1.1 Jackson
(1973)
W 16.2
D (lU.7-307.0)
69.8
Bohn (1975)
Pacific bonito
Sarda chilensis
Corvina
Sciaena gilberti
Newfoundland
Peru
liver
muscle
D (23.7-228.0)93.9 "
W (0.2-1.5) Kennedy
0.8^SD 0.U8 (1976)
0.12
(0.07-0.8)0.3^
Echegaray
(197b)
58
-------
Atlantic mackerel
Scomber scombrus
Norway muscle
It , . . t
Liver oil
n . i
oil,
muscle
" water
soluble,
muscle
It
Great Britain muscle
Sweden "
Nova Scotia
Great Britain
Spanish mackerel
Scomberomorus maculatus N. W. Atlantic
liver
Atlantic saury
Scomberesox saurus S.W. Africa muscle
ir it tt , ,
heart
tt tt tt .
liver
Windowpane flounder
Scophthalmus aauosus Long Island muscle
New York
Bight
W (3.0-3.5) Lunde (1970)
w 5.0 " (1967)
D (U.2-7.3)
w 3.1
D (U.7-9.2)
" (1969)
" (1973)
W (0.2-0.5) Cox (1925)
w 0.1
w (0.025-0.oU) (190U)
in Vinogradov
W 1.5
D 9.2
D 2.2
D 1.8
D 2.7
D 5A
D 6.6
D 8.u
w 2.7
W (l.U-2.8)
(1953)
Reinke et
al. (1975)
Leatherland
& Burton
(197*0
Windom et
al. (1973)
Leatherland
et al. (1973)
Greig et
al. (1977b)
59
-------
Windowpane flounder
Scophthalmus aquosus Delaware
Chincoteague
Rousette
Scyllium caniculata Atlantic
Sea perch, Norway haddock
Sebastes marinus Barents Sea
Sea perch
Sebastes sc.
Amberjack
Seriola sd.
Great Britain
Norway
It
Newfoundland
Nova Scotia
W. Canada
muscle W l.S-SE 0.3
W 2.0
D 0.13
W 2.7
D 13.0
muscle W 0.8
liver oil W 1+.3
muscle D 3.3
Greig et
al. (1977b)
(1903) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
(.1939) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Cox (1925)
Lunde (19&7)
" (1970)
W (o.U-l.U) Kennedy
o.sisD 0.36 (1976)
W (0.7-3.2) Zook et
1.3-SD 0.8 al. (1976)
W (<0.3-2.6)0.3 LeBlanc &
Jackson
(1973)
Mid. Atlantic
Bight
Cojinova
Seriolela violacea Peru
Comber
Serranus atricauda Atlantic
W 1.2
0.72
D 0.05
" D C.06
scale D 0.05
Greig et
al. (1976)
Echegaray
(197*0
(1903) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
60
-------
Sole
Solea solea
Great Britain
W 5.2
Chapman
(1926)
Sole
Solea sp.
fl It
II tl
Sprat
Sprattus sprattus
Spiny dogshark
Squalus acanthias
Sweden
Great
Britain
Sweden
muscle W (0.1-0.2) Cox (1925)
W 0.3
W 7.0
W (0.8-1.72) Ljunggren et
al. (1971)
without
viscera
N.W. Atlantic
W. Canada muscle
Italy
Cunner
Tautogolabrus adspersus Newfoundland muscle
" " New Brunswick >1
Striped marlir.
Tetrapterus audax
Albacore, germon
Thur.nus alalunga
Japan
W 6.0
D 10.0
W (1.5-5.6)
3.8
W 0.53
Synaphobranchus kaupi Mid Atlantic
Bight whole W 8.0
Noddack &
Noadack
(19^0)
Windom et
al. (1973b)
LeBlanc &
Jackson
(1973)
Barela &
Pezzeri
(1966)
Greig et
al. (1976)
D 0.6±SD 0.9 Penrose ec
al. (1975)
D (0.0-1.5)
w (0.1-1.5)
1.10^0.15
W (0.7-l.U)
0.91-0.22
Nishigaki et
al. (197*0
61
-------
Albacore, germon
Thunnus alalunga
Bigeye tuna
Thunnus obesus
Tunny, bluefin tuna
Thunnus thynnus
Tinea tinea
Atlantic
Ocean
Japan
Norway
Scad
Trachurus synmetricus murphyi
Peru
Rougetj sea robin
Trigia pini
Atlantic
Swordfish
Xjphias gladius
muscle
muscle
mus cle
Zeus sp.
Kingfish
Blenny
Peru
Japan
Great Britain
United States
D 0.15
w ,(0.3-1.9)
0.91-O.Ul
D 9.6
W O.k
(1903) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Nishigaki
et al.
(197*0
Lunde (1973)
(192U) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Echegaray
(197*0
(c.19-0.77)0.k
D 0.15
D O.0U5
D 0.15
(1903) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
(0.35-1.32) Echegaray
0.72
W (0.2-1.6)
0.61^0.36
W <0.1
w 8.86
Newfoundland muscle D (O.U-0.8)
(197U)
Nishigaki
et al. (197*0
(1925) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Schroeder &
3alassa
(1966)
Penrose et
al. (1975)
62
-------
(1)
ARSENIC IN FRESHWATER FISH
(2)
Species
Locality
Analysis
Tissue PPM
Authority
ALewife
Alosa pseudoharengus
Lake Michigan whole
Wisconsin
muscle
W 0.023
W 0.0
Lucas et
al. (1970)
Kleinert et
al. (197*0
Rock bass
Ambloplites rupestris New York
" " Wisconsin
muscle
United States whole
W (0.03-0.18) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
W (0.10-0.12) Kleinert et
al. (197*0
W (<0.05-0.21) Walsh et al.
(1972)
Catfish
Aineiurus melas
W 0.225
D 1.06
Ellis et
al. (19^1)
(1)
(2)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
1 indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, -(x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
63
-------
Bowfin
Ania calva
tt M
IT If
European eel
Anguilla anguilla
American eel
Anguilla rostrata
Wisconsin
New York
muscle
United States whole
Great Britain muscle
Norway oil,
liver
If . i
oil,
tissue
liver
N.W. Atlantic muscle
Freshwater drum, sheephead
Aplodinotus grunniens Wisconsin
Lake Erie
New York
United States
W 0.0
W 0.0k
Kleinert et
al. (197*0
Pakkala et
al. (1972)
W (0.20-0.22) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W 1.6
W 0.12
D 1.7
W 8.9
W 0.5
0.6
w 1.0
W 0.0
(1933) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
(1928) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Leatherland
& Burton
(197*0
Lunde (1967)
in Vinogradov
(1953)
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Kleinert et
al. (197*0
W (0.09-0.12) Willford
(1971)
W (0.0*+-0.l8) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
w 0.09
Pi 1lay et
al. (197*0
whole
W (0.05-0.16) Walsh et al.
(197U)
64
-------
Atlantic pomfret
Brana brana
(=Abramis brana)
Goldfish
Carassius auratus
Norway
Lake Pskov
Don River
Volga River
Great Britain
Wisconsin
New York
United States whole
River carpsucker
Carp' oo.es carpio "
Quillback
Carpiodes cyprinus Wisconsin
muscle
Longnose sucker
Catost D-nus catostonus United States whole
Bridgelip sucker
Catostomus ^olunbia.nus
Sfhite sucker
Catostonus commersoni New York
muscle
W 0.3
W 2.2
D 12.9
w 2.38
D 11. k
W 1.21
W 0.1+
Lunde (1967)
(1939) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Lake Erie liver W 0.006
muscle W 0.10
(1921+) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Lucas et
al. (1970)
Kleinert et
al. (197*0
W (O.OU-0.06) Pakkala et
al. (1*972)
W (0.06-0.21) Walsh et
al. (1977)
w (0.05-0.28)
W C.O
ivleiner'^ et
al. (197^)
W (0.06-0.17) Walsh et
al. (1977)
v ¦ r rf- r-
" \ ^ • • U'-1 *¦—-!/
w (0.03-0.13) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
65
-------
White sucker
Catostomus comnersoni United States whole
Lake Erie
muscle
Catostomiaae
Flannelmouth sucker
Catostomus latipinnis
Largescale sucker
Catostomus macrocheilus
Klamath sucker
Catostomus snyderi
Cisco, Lake herring
Coregonus artedii
United States
whole
Lake Superior liver
Wisconsin
New York
Lake white fish
Coregonus clupeaformis Lake Superior liver
" " Lake Michigan "
" " Manitoba muscle
" " Lake Ontario "
" " United States whole
New York
nus c le
United States viscera
(polluted area)
W ('0.05-0.lo) Walsh et al.
(1977)
W (O.C9-0.12) Willford
(1971)
W 0.11
D 0.93
Pillay et
al. (197*0
Ellis et
al. (19^1)
W (0.08-0.26) Walsh et
al. (1977)
w (0.05-0.28)
W (C.10-0.12)
W 0.069-0.03 Lucas et
al. (1970)
muscle W 0.1
Kleinert et
al. (197^)
W (0.0^-0.12) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
w 0.oo6^i
0.0007
w 0.021-0.003
w 0.09
w 0.70
Lucas et
al. (1970)
Uthe &
Bligh (1971)
W (O.56-O.6) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W (O.03-0.12) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
w 3.6
Ellis (193*0
66
-------
Lake white fish
Coregonus clupeafornis
Bloater
Coregonus hoyi
Whitefish
Coregonus lavaretus
Whitefish
Coregonus sp.
Whitefish
Coregonus williamsoni
cismontanus
Slimy sculpin
Cottus cognatus
Carp
Cyprinus caroio
United States muscle
(polluted area)
W 2.7
Ellis (1931+)
Lake Superior liver W 0.063-0.017 Lucas et
al. (1970)
Lake Michigan
W 0.012
United States whole W (o.U2-3.^0) Walsh et al.
(1977)
Norway
Gulf of
Finland
liver W <0.1
w 1.25
D b.8
United States muscle W 2.7
D 18.1+
intestine W 3.6
D 20.1
Lunde (1967)
(1939) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Ellis (193*0
Great Lakes
Don River
(0.23-0.37) Thomas
(1972)
Volga River
United States
W 2.1+9
D 7.35
w 1.28
D 6.0
w 0.51
(1939) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Ellis et
al. (19^1)
D 2.35
67
-------
Carp
C.yprinus carpio
United States whole
Shad
Dcrosoma sp.
Northern pike
Esox Lucius
New York
Wisconsin
Lake Erie
muscle
Gizzard shad
Dorosoma cepedianua New York
United States
Lake Erie
United States whole
Lake Ladoga
Caspian Sea
t!
Don River
It
Norway
Germany
Canada
W (O.05-0.52) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W 0.12
0.0-0.1)
W
W
W
w
w
W
Pakkala et
al. (1972)
Kleinert et
al. (197*0
O.lU-0.21) Willford
(1971)
0.0-0.25) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
O.13-L.U7) Pillay et
al. (197U)
0.3^-0.1+0) Willford
(1971)
<0.05-0.32) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W 0.61+5
D 3.855
W 1.28
Ellis et
al. (19UI)
(1939) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
D 7.65
W 1.22
D 6.0
W 1.2
D 6.U
W (0.1 Lunde (1967)
W (C.0-0.11) Thumann (l9^l)
w ((0.05-0.09) uthe & Bligh
(1971)
68
-------
Northern pike
Esox Lucius
Manitoba
Muskalonge
Esox tnasauinongy
Pickerel
Esox niger
It ft
IT II
I! II
Pike
Esox sp.
Mosquito fish
Gambusia affinis
Mosquito fish
Gambusia patruelis
Lake Erie
Sweden
New York
Wisconsin
Great Britain
New York
United States
muscle W <0.05
w 0.09
w <0.05
W 0.026
mus c le
New York
United States whole
Great Britain
S. Florida whole
United States
Uthe & Bligh
(1971)
Ljunggren
et al. (1971)
W (0.03-0.09) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
W (O.O-O.l) Kleinert et
al. (197M
W 0.8
W 0.20
Chapman
(1926)
Pakkala et
al. (1972)
W (0.13-0.73) Ellis et
0.255 al. (19^1)
D 1.125
W (0.03-0.08) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
W (<0.5-0.5) Walsh et
al. (1977)
w 0.3
W 1.0
W 0.07
W 0.1+12
(1919) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Chapman
(192M
Ogden et
al. (1970
Ellis et
al. (19U1)
69
-------
Mosquito fish
G-ambusia patruelis
Bluegill sunfish
Helioperca incisor
Goldeye
Hiodon alosoides
Mooneye
Hiodon tergisus
White catfish
Ictalurus catus
Blue catfish
Ictalurus furcatus
Black bullhead
Ictalurus melas
Brown bullhead
Ictalurus nebulosus
Channel catfish
Ictalurus punctatus
United States
Catfish
Ictalurus so.
Ellis et
al. (19I4-I)
D I.9U
W 0.517
D 2.01
whole W (<0.05-0.28) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W 0.10
W (<0.05-0.20)
W (<0.05-0.11)
w (<0.05-0.16)
W (<0.05-0.21)
Louisiana wild, Zook et
muscle W (0.0-0.3) al. (1976)
0.1±SD 0.1
Mississippi & cultivated,
Arkansas muscle W (0.2-3.1)
2.2±SD 1.3
Lake Erie muscle W (0.07-0.08) Willford
(1971)
United States whole W (<0.05-0.3l) Walsh et
al. (1971)
New York
Wisconsin
New York
W (0.03-O.OU) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
muscle W 0.0
w (0.0-0.09)
Kleinert et
al. (1970
Pakkala et
al. (1972)
70
-------
Saiallaiouth buffalo,
Bullhead catfish
Ictiobus bubalus
Bigmouth buffalo
Ictiobus cyprinellus
Labeo rohita
United States
Paro, India
W 0.705
D 3.037
Ellis et
al. (19^1)
whole W (0.05-0.26) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W 0.57
(1935)'in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Lamprey
Lampetra sp.
!! IT
Lepibema chr.ysops
Spotted gar
Lepisosteus oculatus
Long-nose gar
Lepisosteus osseus
United States
Florida gar
Lepidosteus platyrhincus
whole
W 0.5^7
D 2.75
W 0.U8
D I.9U
w 0.05
Ellis et
al. (19U1)
Walsh et
al. (1977)
W (0.35-O.U) Ellis et
0.367 al. (19^1)
D 1.118
W (<0.05-0.08) Walsh et
al. (1977)
S. Florida
W 0.5
Ogden et
al. (197^)
Redbreast sunfish
Lepomis auritus United States " W (<0.05-0.ll) Walsh et
al. (1977)
Pumkinseed
Lepomis gibbosus Wisconsin muscle W (0.13-0.17) Kleinert et
al. (197^)
" " United States whole W (<0.05-0.16) Walsh et
al. (1977)
71
-------
BluegilL
Lepomis macrochirus
Longear sunfish
Lepomis megalotis
Chub
Leuciscus cephalus
Roach
Leuciscus idus
Burbot
Lota lota
Wisconsin
pools
treated
with As
II fl
II II
It II
I! tt
II II
IT II
muscle
skin &
scale
gill 8c
digestive
tract
liver
kidney
ovary
Wisconsin
S. Florida whole
United States "
Norway
New York
oil
(O.cg-O.19) Gilderhus
(1966)
(0.12-11.6)
I.3
2.U
17.6
II.6
5.9
8.U
muscle W (o.O-O.ll) Kleinert et
al. (197U)
W (0.05-O.09) Ogden et
al, (197U)
w 0.52
Ellis et
al. (19U1)
W ((0.05-0.15) Walsh et
al. (1977)
" T- yv «-
w 0.22
Norway oil W 0.7
Great Britain muscle W 0.5
W <0.1
muscle W 0.19
Lunde (1967)
Chapman
(1926)
Lunde (1967)
Pakkala et
al. (1972)
72
-------
Burbot
Lota lota
Wisconsin
Pike-perch
Lucioperca lucioperca New Ladoga
Don River
Volga River
Kura River
Caspian Sea
" '" Norway
Smallmouth bass
Micropterus dolomieui Wisconsin
Lake Erie
muscle
oil
muscle
New York
United States whole
Largemouth bass
Micropterus salmoides
liver,
oil
W C.l
W 1.8
D 9.2
W 1.88
D 11.9
W 1.02
D 5.2
W 1.2k
D 5.55
W 1.5U
D 6.2
w 0.3
Kleinert et
al. (197^)
(1939) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
(1939) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Lunde (1967)
W (0.0-0.12) Kleinert et
al. (197*0
W 0.22
Willford
(1971)
W (0.03-0.51) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
W (CO.05-0.28) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W 0.622
D 3.09
Ellis et
al. (19U1)
W (7.37-77.31)
UO.O
73
-------
Largejiouth bass
Micropterus sal^ioides
Spotted sucker
Minytrema melanops
White perch
Morone americana
White bass
Morone chrysons
(=Roccus chrysops)
United States -whole
D 1.7U
Ellis et
al. (19^1)
fat 2. 3^
liver W U.5
D 15.0
liver fat U0.5
¦whole
S. Florida
Wisconsin
New York
muscle
United States whole
Lake Erie liver
mus c le
New York "
Wisconsin "
United States
W (<-0.05-0.22) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W 0.05
Ogden et
al. (197U)
W (0.0-0.12) Kleinert
et al.
(197*0
W (0.03-0.16) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
W (0.062-0.253) Ellis et
0.21 al. (19^1)
1.2k
W (<0.05-0.12) Walsh et
al. (1977)
w (<0.05-0.21+)
W O.098 Lucas et al.
(1970)
W (0.18-0.28) Willford
(1971)
W (0.15-0.28) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
W (0.0-0.ll) Kleinert et
al. (197*0
W (0.28-0.1*8) Ellis et
al. C19U1)
74
-------
White bass
Morone chrysops
(=Roccus chrysops)
United States whole
Striped "bass
Morone saxatilis New York
muscle
Redhorse
Moxostoma sp.
ti ir
Wisconsin
United States whole
Peamouth chub
Mylocheilus caurinus
Golden shiner
Notexigonus chrysoleucas
Spot-tail shiner
Notropis huasonius
Lake Michigan
Lake Erie
Salmon
Oncorhynchus gorbuscha Kamtchatka
Chum salmon
Oncorhynchus keta
Okhotsk Sea
Coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch Wisconsin
Lake Erie
muscle
W ((0.05-0.2U) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W (0.23-0.69) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
W (O.O-O.l) Kleinert et
al. (197*0
W (<0.05-0.11) Walsh et
al. (1977)
w (<0.05-0.80)
W (C.55-1.95) Ellis et
0.975 al. (19I+I)
whole D 5.66
W (0.09-0.10) Walsh et
al. (1977)
Lucas et
al. (1970)
(1939) in
Vinogradov
(1-953)
W 0.0C3
w 0.0035-0.003
w 0.9
D 3.5
W 1.5
D 6.0
W (O.O-O.lU) Kleinert et
al. (197*0
W (0.07-0.17) Willford
(1971)
75
-------
Ccho salmon
Oncorhvnchus kisutch New York
Salmon
Oncorhynchus sp.
Rainbow .smelt
Osmerus mordax
United States
W. Canada
muscle W (0.O-O.U9)
w 0.09
Lake Erie
whole
Lake Michigan liver
Great Lakes
Sacramento blackfish
Qrthodon microlepidnotus
Yellow perch
Perca flavescens
United States whole
Lake Erie liver
European perch
Perca fluviatilis
Wisconsin
United States whole
Norway oil
Great Britain
W <0.U
W 0.15
W 0.26
W 0.002
Pakkala et
al. (1972)
Pillay et
al. (197*0
LeBlanc &
Jackson
(1973)
Uthe &
Bligh (1971)
Willford
(1971)
Lucas et
al. (1970)
(0.18-1.09) Thomas
(1972)
W 0.10
Walsh et
al. (1977)
W 0.007-0.002 Lucas et
al. (1970)
muscle W <0.05
Uthe &
Bligh (1971)
W (o.OU-0.05) Willford
(1971)
W (0.0-0.ll) Kleinert et
al. (197U)
W (<0.05-0.l6) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W (<0.1-0.8) Lunde (1967)
W 0.6
Chapman
(1926)
76
-------
Perch
Perca sp.
ft If
It It
Great Britain
New York
muscle
Trout perch
Percopsis omiscomaycus Lake Michigan whole
" " Lake Superior
Sucker-mouthed minnow
Phenacobius mirabilis United States
White crappie
Pomoxis annularis
Black crappie
Pomoxis nigromaculatus New York
whole
muscle
United States whole
New York
Crappie
Pomoxis sp.
Wisconsin
muscle
Round whitefish
Prosopium cylindraceum Lake Superior liver
United States whole
Northern squawfish
Ptychocheilus cregonensis
W 0.6
W 0.57
(1925) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
(1926) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
W (0.03-0.08) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
W 0.0U3-0.012 Lucas et
al. (1970)
w 0.007-0.002
W 0.27
D 1.155
Ellis et
al. (19^1)
W (O.O5-O.3U) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W (0.03-0.16) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
W (0.05-0.1+2) Walsh et
al. (1977)
(<0.1-0.lU) Ullman et
al. (l9ol)
W (o.O-O.l) Kleinert et
al. (197*0
w 0.0056-
O.OO3U
Lucas et
al. (1970)
W (CO.05-0.13) Walsh et
al. (1977)
w (<0.05-0.31)
77
-------
Flathead catfish
PyIodictus olivaris United States whole
W (ND-0.12)
•ellow O'liTS
Roccus inississipoiensis Wisconsin
Loach
Rutilus rutilus
Great Britain
Don River
muscle W 0.0
W 0.1+
Char
Salmo aloinus
Salmo eriox
Norway
muscle,
oil
W 1.06
D U.7
<0.1
(0.1
Walsh et
5.1. (l?77)
Kleinert et
al. (197*0
Chapman
(1926)
Shtenberg
(1939)
Rainbow trout, steelhead
Salmo gairdneri Wisconsin
muscle W (0.0-O.lU)
United States whole W (0.05-0.16)
New York muscle W (0.03-0.09)
W. Canada
Yellowstone cut-throat
Salmo lewisi United States
If M
Tt ft
It tt
Atlantic salmon
Salmo salar
Norway
W <0.1+
2.1+
D I7.b
intestine W 5.3
D 10.6
oil,
liver W 6.7
oil,muscle W 3.1
Lunde (1967)
Kleinert et
al. (1971+)
Walsh et
al. (1977)
Pakkala et
al. (1972)
LeBlanc &
Jackson
(1973)
Ellis et
al. (19^0
Lunde
(1967)
78
-------
Atlantic salmon
Salmo salar
Norway
oil,
muscle
W (0.75-1.73) Ljunggren et
1.02 al. (1971)
Salmon
Salmo sp.
II II
Kura River
W 2.U6
D 6.k2
(1939) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Brown trout
Sal.mo trutta
IT Tl
It II
ft II
1! II
Gulf of
Finland
New York
Wisconsin
muscle
United States whole
Brook trout, speckled trout
Salvelinus fontinalis New York
Splake
Salvelinus fontinalis
Wisconsin
X namaycush
Lake trout
Salvelinus namaycush
New York
Lake Superior liver
Lake Michigan "
New York muscle
II rr. . 1f
Wisconsin
United States whole
w 1.U3
D 5.27
W (0.03-0.2) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
W 0.0
Kleinert et
al. (1971+)
W (0.05-0.23) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W (0.03-0.09) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
muscle W 0.0
W 0.0U
Kleinert et
al. (197^)
Pakkala et
al. (1972)
W 0.08-0.01 Lucas et
al. (1970)
W 0.018^0.003 "
W (0.03-0.3) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
W (0.12-0.35) Kleinert et
al. (197^)
W (0.06-0.68) Walsh et
al. (1977)
79
-------
Fallfish
Semotilus atromaculatus United. States
Sheatfish
Silurus glanis
Don River
Volga River
Sauger
Stizostedion canadense United States whole
Walleye
Stizostedion vitreum Lake Erie
liver
Great Lakes
New York
United States whole
Arctic grayling
Thymallus arcticus
Tench
Tinea tinea
Great Britain
W 0.577
D 2.7
W 3.85
D 25.0
W 3.55
D 13.4
Ellis et
al. (19U1)
Shtenberg
(1939)
w
w
muscle W
W
w
w
Wisconsin muscle W
United States whole W <0.05
(0.05-0.19) Walsh et
al. (1977)
O.O3O-O.O98) Lucas et
al. (1970)
0.11-0.12) Willford
(1971)
0.10-0.12) Pillay et
al. (1972)
0.23-0.95) Thomas
(1972)
0.03-0.3) Pakkala et
al. (1972)
(0.05-0.24) Walsh et
al. (1977)
0.0-0.lo) Kleinert et
al. (1974)
W 0.4
Walsh et
al. (1977)
Chapman
(1926)
80
-------
Vimba vinba Don River 0.85 (1939) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
3M
1.26
81
-------
ARSENIC IN MOLLUSCA
(1)
(2)
Species
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Calico scallop
Aequipecten gibbus
Florida
Atlantic bay scallop
Aequipecten irradians N.W. Atlantic
(=Argopecten irradians)
Massachusetts
Buttercup
Anodonta cygnea
Cholgas
Aulacomya ater
soft W (3.5-5.0) Zook et al.
parts U.2-SD O.U (1976)
W 0.70-SE 0.31 Nelson et
al. (1976)
W (0.5-1.1) Zook et al.
0.7^SD 0.2 (1976)
Great Britain
Aolliceps cornucopia Portugal
Aristeus antennatus
D U.3
cooked W (1.2-8.6)
Peru
muscle
Leatherland
& Burton
(197^)
Costa &
DaFonseca
(1967)
w (U.U-19.6)
(O.56-I.U) Echegaray
(197U)
Northern whelk
Buccinurn undatum
(1)
(2)
Great Britain soft
parts
W (12.O-U9.O) Chapman
2k.O (1926)
D 11.0
Leatherland
& Burton
(197U)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single numbe2
of
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
82
-------
Channeled whelk
Busycon canaliculate Maryland
heart &
tongue
W (1.2-2.2)
1.6±SD 0.3
Zook et
al. (1976)
Long Island muscle W 9.0
Greig et
al. (1977b)
Cockle
Cerastoderma edule
(=Cardium edule)
Great Britain soft
parts
Leatherland
& Burton
D (5.1-6.3) (197U)
mantle
fluid
Washington
Portugal
D 8.U
W (l7.0-i+0.0) Chapman
22.5 (1926)
W 12.8
Cardiff
(1937)
W (1.3-2.U) Costa &
DaFonseca
(1967)
Chiton
Chiton so.
Grand Bahama
Island whole
2.10
Taylor &
Bright
(1973)
Cockle
Clinocardiuni sp.
Portuguese oyster
Crassostrea angulata
(=Gryphia angulata)
W. Canada
Great Britain
soft LeBlanc &
parts W (<0.5-15.6) Jackson
ied. 1.1 (1973)
W (33.0-70.0) Chapman
UU.O (1926)
soft
parts
Portugal
D 10.0
w 3U.0
Leatherland
& Burton
(197U)
Vinogradov
(1953)
W (1.2-3.6) Costa &
DaFonseca
(1967)
83
-------
Rock oyster
Crassostrea comnercialis Australia
soft
parts
W (0.3-3.^)1.2
Mackay et
al. (1975a)
Giant pacific oyster
Crassostrea gigas W. United
States
Jelinfek &
W (<0.1-0.M Corneliussen
0.07 (1977)
American oyster
Crassostrea virginica
D (0.1-1.5) (1919) in
1.0 Vinogradov
(1953)
United States fresh
w 2.9
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1966)
frozen W 2.7
Texas
tinned
soft
parts
D (0.O-I.5) Vinogradov
(1953)
W (o.U-0.8) Chapman
(1926)
D 1.3
Sims &
Presley
(1976)
United States canned W 0.22
Dick &
Pugsley
(1950)
N.W. Atlantic
smoked W 1.0
W (0.5-1.0) (1926) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
D (<1.0-3.6) Windom
a.6 (1972)
W (0.15-0.5*0
<0.2b
United States soft
parts
Jelinek &
W (ND-1.2)0.09 Corneliussen
(1977)
84
-------
American oyster
Crassostrea virginica Long Island
Chesapeake
Bay
Atlantic slipper shell
Crepidula fornicata Great Britain
soft Zook et
parts W (0.6-2.5) al. (1976)
1.0±SD C.5
W (0.6-1.6)
0.8isD 0.3
D (8.1-13.0) Leatherland
& Burton
(197U)
Donax
Donax so.
Peru
1.7
Echegaray
(197*0
Donax
Donax trunculus
Portugal
W (1.8-3.7)
Costa &
DaFonseca
(1967)
Garden snail
Helix hortensis
Periwinkle
Littorina littoralis
Periwinkle
Littorina littorea
Great Britain soft
parts
Newfoundland
Norway
W o.U
D 12.0
Chapman
(1926)
Leatherland
& Burton
(197*0
W (20.0-b0.0) Chapman
21+.8 (1926)
D (lU.0-19.0) Leatherland
& Burton
(197b)
D (U.0-15.0) Penrose et
al. (1975)
oil
W 8b.0
Lunde (1972)
fatty
acid
w 32.0
Portugal soft Costa &
parts DaFonseca
(cooked) W (3.6-6.3) (1967)
85
-------
Squid
Loliso vulgaris
Short squid
Loliguncula brevis
Macoma clam
Macoma sp.
Northern quahog
Mercenaria mercenaria
Machas
Mesmodesma donacium
Portugal
Norway
N.W. Atlantic
soft Costa &
parts W (0.8-7.5) Dafonseca
(1967)
cooked W (O.U-3.3) "
fatty acid W 0.7 Lunde (1972)
D ((1.0-2.1) Windom
<1.2 (1972)
W ((0.27-0.57)
<0.325
W. Canada
soft
parts
N.W. Atlantic
Great Britain
gill
United States soft
parts
Peru
muscle
LeBlanc &
W ((0.5-15.6) Jackson
med. 1.1 (1973/
D (9.0-50.0) Windom
28.0 (1972)
W (1.0-2.5) Zook et
1.8-SD 0.6 al. (1976)
D 5.9
mantle D 7.8
adductor D 1.8
Leatherland
& Burton
(197*0
D 12.2
D (2.0-12.0) Raymont
(1972)
Jelinek &
W (<0.1-1.10 Corneliussen
0.12
(1977)
(0.53-O.89) Echegaray
0.71 (197U)
86
-------
Rock shell
Murex trunculus
Portugal
W (1U.6-26.U) Costa &
DaFonseca
(1967)
Soft shell clam
Mya areaaria
Blue mussel
Mytilus edulis
United States soft
parts
Chesapeake Bay-
Great Britain
Norway
oil
fatty
acid
W 2.0
w (<0.1-0.9)
O.lh
w (1.0-2.5)
1.8-SD 0.6
(1933) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Jelinek &
Corneliussen
(1977)
Zook et
al. (1976)
W (36.O-II9.O) Chapman
80.5 (1926)
D (9.5-15.0) Leatherland
& Burton
(197U)
D (9.O-I5.O) Raymont
(1972)
raw
material D 8.0
W 18.0
W 22.0
Lunde (1970)
" (1972)
water
soluble D 9.7
whole
W. Greenland soft
parts
France
(exposed to
As 100 ;ug/l muscle
D 0.6
" (1970)
" (1973)
Bohn
D (lH.1-16.7) (1975)
(l.3-5.0) Kohn-Abrest
(1951)
(0.0U-0.1)
Sautet et
al. (196U)
87
-------
Blue missel
Mytilus edulis
Mussel
Mytilus magellonicus
Dog whelk
Nucella laDillus
Octopus
Octopus bimaculatus
Octopus
Octopus sp.
Atlantic octopus
Octopus vulgaris
France
shell
byssus
excreta
California
Newfoundland soft
parts
Italy
(fed arsenic)
" (normal)
Peru
Great Britain soft
parts
California
Bahama
Islands
N.W. Atlantic
Portugal
whole
raw
(O.005-0.02) Sautet et
al. (196U)
(2.5-5.0)
(5.5-8.0)
w 0.085
w 69.0
D (1.6-5.3)
Gorgy et
al. (1948)
Vinogradov
(1953)
Penrose
et al.
(1975)
Del Vecchio
W (0.04-3.73) et al.
(1962)
W 0.01
D (l0.5-26.l) Moyana
(1956)
Leatherland
D (16.O-38.O) & Burton
(1974)
tentacle W 0.121
l6.ll
D 24.0
W (2.6-40.3)
Gorgy et
al. (19^8)
Taylor &
Bright
(1973)
Windo.ii
(1972)
Costa &
DaFonseca
(1967)
cooked W (3.0-24.3)
88
-------
Squid
Qmmastrephes sagittatus
Norway
raw
material D 6.5
Lunde
(1970)
water
soluble D 17.0
Oyster
Ostrea edulis
raw
material D 7.6
W 2.6
water
soluble D 9.8
Great Britain soft
tissue
Chaoman
w (3.0-10.0) (1926)
5.5
w 6.0
(l.8-3.l) Kohn-
Abrest
(1951)
D (5.I-6.U) Leatherland
& Burton
(197*0
mantle
cavity
fluids
D 8.U
European limpet
Patella vulgata
Irish Sea
W (l.O-U.7) Peden et
al. (1973)
Scallop
Pecten maximus
Great Britain soft
parts
Norway
D (ll.O-2U.O) Leatherland
& Burton
(197U)
raw
material
w 11.6
Lunde (1970)
water
soluble
lipid
W 18.0
W k.8
" (1972)
89
-------
Scallop
Pecten sp.
Grand Bahama
Island whole
Smooth sea scallop
Placopecten mage Hani cus N ,\-l.
Atlantic
Shark eye
Polineces duplicatus N.W. Atlantic
Almejas, semele
Semele solida
Cuttlefish
Sepia officinalis
Jackknife clam
Solen marginatus
Atlantic surf clam
Spisula solidissima
Conch
Strombus sp.
soft
parts
Peru
Great
Britain
muscle
gill
mantle
Portugal
raw
cooked
raw
cooked
Chincoteague
Maryland muscle
fresh
1.79
Taylor &
Bright
(1973)
Zook et
al. (1976)
W (l.3-2.U)1.6
-SD 0.3
D (3.2-5.0) Windom
h.2 (1972)
1.39
D 73.0
D 198.0
D U9.0
w (6.2-11.5)
W (0.8-6.8)
w (1.92-U.2)
w (1.U-2.7)
Greig et
W 1.3-SE 0.09 al. (1977b)
Echegaray
(197U)
Leatherland
& Burton
(197^)
(1903) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Costa &
DaFonseca
(1967)
w 3.1
Schroeaer
& Balassa
(1966)
dried W 5.63
90
-------
Littleneck clam
Tapes decussatus
Littleneck clam
Tapes .japonica
Dogwinkle
Thais chocolata
Vivipara .japonica
"Clams"
French edible
snail"
"Scallops"
Marine mollusca
Portugal
Japan
Peru
Canada
canned
United States fresh
Great Britain
Pacific
W (3.7-6.6)
D 0.0036?
Costa &
Da Fonseca
(1967)
Fukai &
Meinke
(1962)
(0.2U-U6.08) Echegaray
9.26
(U.6-6.1)
United States frozen W 2.52
D 15.9
w 0.36
W 0.85
w 0.5
W 1.67
(197*0
(193*0 in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1966)
Dick &
Pugs ley
(1950)
Cardiff
(1937)
Chapman
(1926)
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1966)
W (36.O-85.O) Chapman
1+6.0 (1926)
D 3.^9
(1939) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
91
-------
Species
(1)
ARSENIC IN ARTHROPODA
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
(2)
Authority
CRUSTACEA
Decapod
Acanthephyra eximia
Copepod
Acartia clausi
Crayfish
Astacus pallipes
Blue crab
Callinectes sapidus
N.W. Africa
(1)
(2)
Greece
whole
Great Britain
N.W. Atlantic
S. Florida
Chesapeake
Bay
Texas
whole
soft
parts
whole
D 17.0
D (1.6-1+.0)
2.9-0.5
W (1.0-2.0)
1.35
w (0.8-1.5)
Leatherland
et al.
(1973)
Zafiropoulos
& Grimanis
(1977)
Chapman et
al. (1926)
D (l.0-U.U)l.3 Windom
(1972)
W 7.68
W (0.5-1.3)
1.3-SD OA
D 0.6
Ogden et
al. (l97'0
Zook et
al. (1976)
Sims &
Presley
(1976)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
*? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. -Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g " picocuries per gram.
92
-------
Crayfish
Cambarus sp.
S. Florida whole W 0.38
Ogden et
al. (197*0
Crab
Cancer anthonyi
S. California muscle
W (17.29-51.02) Fowler et
al. (1975)
Rock crab
Cancer irroratus
Delaware
w 1.9
Greig et
al. (1977b)
Dungeness crab
Cancer magister
W. Canada
W (2.2-37.8) LeBlanc &
med. 6.5 Jackson
(1973)
Crab
Cancer pagurus
Portugal cooked W (2.1-33
Costa &
DaFonseca
(1967)
Green crab
Carcinus aiaenas
w (2.5-7.0)
Shrimp
Eualus macilentus
Newfoundland e£
W (2.6-12.7) Kennedy
6.7-SD 3.15 (1976)
Mysidacid
Eucopia sculpticauda N.W. Africa
Euphausiidae
Gaamaridae
Newfoundland whole
D 30.0
Leatherland
et al. (1973)
W (1.5-2.3) Kennedy
1.8-SD 0.35 (1976)
W (U.U-8.9)
6.6±SD 3.18
Red crab
Geryon quinauedens
Mantis shrimp
Gonodactylus
Middle Atlantic
Bight muscle
gill
Grand Bahama
Island whole
W 1.6
w 9.1
Greig et
al. (1976)
Taylor &
(1.50-11.96) Bright
(1973)
American lobster
Homarus americanus
Newfoundland muscle
Penrose et
D (3.8-7.6) al. (1975)
93
-------
American lobster
Homarus americanus
Lobster
Homarus sp.
II f!
11 II
It If
Lobster
Homarus vulgaris
Canada
canned W 22.1
Nova Scotia tail
muscle
" hepato-
pancreas
N.W. Atlantic
S. Florida
Great Britain
Portugal
muscle
liver
stomach
contents
cooked
mus c le
whole
Norway
W 0.94
U0.5
22.5
w (0.5-16.0)
10.0
D 0.06
Dick &
Pugsley
(1950)
Reinke et
al. (1975)
Windom
(1972)
(1903) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
W (15.5-18.8) Ogden et
al. (197*+)
D 1I+..5 (max.) (1933) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
W (18.0-^0.0) Chapman
(1926)
w (105.0-110.0)
w 36.0
w 17.0
w (10.8-17.2) Costa &
DaFonseca
W 0.022
w 0.U53
muscle D 5.3
water
soluble D lh.0
(1967)
Barnard
(1911)
Lunde (1970)
94
-------
Lobster
Homarus vulgaris
Sweden
tai 1
muscle
W 8.0
Ljundggren
et al.
(1971)
Copepod
Labidocera acutifrons N.W. Africa
Lecas anatifera
Euphausid
Meganyctiphanes norvegica
N.W. Africa
Baltic Sea
Stone crab
Menipoe mercenaria
Spider crab
Mithrax sp.
Crab
Mursia gaudichaudii
S. Florida whole
Grand Bahama
Island
S. California muscle
D lk.5
D 16.7
D 1+2.0
Leatherland
et al. (1973)
(1929) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Leatherland
et al. (1973)
gonad
digestive
gland
Dublin Bay prawn
Nephraps norvegicus Great Britain muscle
internal
organs
w (1.95-5.5) Ljunggren et
al. (1971)
W (8.97-11.8) Ogden et
al. (197*0
Taylor &
(3.66-5.U7) Bright
(1973)
W (2.10-]0.08) Fowler et
6.23-SE 0.97 al. (1975)
W (3.79-30.5^)
9.19±SE 3.1^
w (3.27-25.80)
12M-SE 2.kk
W (3S.O-IOC.O) Chapman
56.6 (1926)
w (27.0-130.5)
w (20.0-70.0)
39.2
shell
w (5.0-7.0)
95
-------
Dublin Bay prawn
Nephrops norvegicus
Decapod
Oplophorus sp.
Shrimp
Baltic Sea
Portugal
tail
muscle
cooked
N.W. Africa
w 8.0
W (7.2-19.u)
D 23.5
Ljunggren
et al.
(1971)
Costa &
DaFonseca
(1967)
Leatherland
et al. (1973)
Palaemon
elegans
Great Britain
D
16.0
Burton (197^
Shrimp
Palaemon
serratus
Portugal
cooked
W
(1.0-2.7)
Costa &
DaFonseca
(1967)
Deep sea
Pandalus
prawn,
borealis
W. Greenland
80.2 (max.)
Bohn (1975)
11
!l
M
head &
shell
D
(65-9-70.6)68.3 "
ft
l»
It
abdominal
muscle
D
(52.5-70.6)61.6
Tt
ft
Oslo Fjord,
Norway
oil
D
1+2.0
Lunde
(1973)
If
tt
Skagerak
Norway
1!
D
30.0
TT
It
11
It
fatty
acid
W
h.Q
" (1972)
Tt
M
M
oil
W
10.1
!T
IT
11
ft
It
W
13.0
Luzanski
(1936)
ft
II
N.W. Atlantic
W
(3.6-9.^)
6.o±sd 1.9
Zook et
al. (1976)
tt
ft
Newfound land
egg
W
(3.7-iU.o)
Kennedy
(1976)
96
-------
Prawn
Pandalus montagui
Shrimp
Pandalus sd.
Spiny lobster
Panulirus argus
Spiny lobster
Panulirus borealis
Spiny lobster
Panulirus sp.
Spiny lobster
Panulirus vulgaris
Newfoundland egg
Japan
soft
parts
South Carolina
Great Britain
N.W. Atlantic
Florida
tail
muscle
whole
muscle
Florida
W (U.O-I9.6) Kennedy
(1976)
D 0.051
A O.83
Fukai 8c
Meinke
(1962)
W (5.9^-^1«6o) Coulson et
al. (1935)
w 18.9
Chapman
(1926)
W 10.0 (max.) (1933) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
D lU.O
Windom
(1972)
Zook et
W (3.2-9.6) al. (1976)
7.2±SD 1.9
W o.i+5
(190U) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
W (0.0016-0.357)
carapace W (0.076-1.0U)
whole
W (15.5-18.8) Ogden et
al. (197*0
Great Britain muscle W (20.0-1+5.0) Chapman
22 2 ^1no~^
spawn
stomach
contents
w 70.0
(1926)
w (10.0-2^.0)18.0
97
-------
Spiny lobster
Ph r.I {i- ic '/u 1 sar L s
F G1 v~L f=,& L
cooked W (12.0-5^.6) Costa &
DaFonseca
(1967)
Aing crao
Paralithodes ca-nschatica Alaska
body
-nuscle
leg
nuscle
W
(2.6-7.0)
3.8±SD 1.2
(2.3-6.7)
^.3-SD 1.5
Zook et
al. (1976)
Shrimp
Parapenaeus longirostris Portugal
W (1.7-38.2) Costa &
DaFonseca
(1967)
3ro-wn shriup
Penaeus aztecus
Texas
nuscle
W (3.1-5.2) Zook et
U>±SD 0.7 al. (1976)
whole D 0.6
Si713 Sc
Presley
(1976)
White shrimp
Penaeus setiferus
N.W. Atlantic
Texas
Mississippi -nuscle W
Florida
W
(2.2-6.3)3.8 Windon (1972)
¦whole D 3.8
Sims &
Presley (1976)
(l.7-^.k) Zook et al.
3.0-SD 0.8 (1976)
(2.8-7.7)
if.otSD 1.3
Kelp crab
Pusettia producta
California feces A 266.0-7^.0 Boothe
Knauer
(1972)
onriiip
Sabinea seotencarinenta
Newfoundland ea;?
•nusc ie
Kennedy
w (3.9-22.7) (1976)
W (5.U-10.I1)
u.rroTw crao
Stenorhvnchus so.
Bahama
Islands
whole
20.17
Taylor &
Bright
(1973)
98
-------
Decapod
Systellapis debilis
"Crab"
Crayfish
"Prawn"
'Paguri-d crab'
N.W. Africa
Great Britain muscle
Japan
Canada
canned
Nova Scotia
Great Britain
fresh
muscle
spawn
United States canned
Japan
Grand Bahama
Island
D 22.0
w (26.0-70.0)
U9.O
W 10.0
W 79-5
w (20.0-85.0)
25.0
3.7
w (17.0-20.0)
Leatherland
et al. (1973)
Chapman
(1926)
(1933) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Chapman
(1926)
Dick &
Pugs ley
(1950)
Reinke et
al. (1975)
Dick &
Pugsley
(1950)
W (1.0-2.0)
1.3
w (36.0-17U.0)
71.5 (The
sample with
17^.0 was
2^ prawns)
W (6U.0-67.0)
W 1U.5
w (10.5-30.0)
w (15.0-63.8)
5.^5
Chapman
(1926)
(1933) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Chapman
(1926)
Taylor &
Bright
(1973)
99
-------
"Shrimp"
t!
"Bay shrimp"
"Shrimp"
If
It
ft
tl
"Gulf shrimp"
INSECTA
Honeybee
Apis mellifera
II It
tt ft
Tt ft
"insects"
Great Britain muscle
W (12.0-k-C.O) (1926) in
2^.5 Vinogradov
(1953)
canned,
muscle
w (11.0-25.0)
18.0
S.E. United
States
Coulson et
W (1.27-18.80) al. (1935)
Canada
canned
19.9
Dick &
Pugsley
(1950)
Gulf of
Mexico
w (2.5-12.7)
United States shell W 15.3
Johnson &
Braman
(1975)
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
frozen
Nova Scotia
w 1.5
3.9
Reinke et
al. (1975)
Texas
w 1.94
Coulson et
al. (1935)
Victoria
adults, Eagland
dead from (193&)
As spray W (3.22-12.0)
" W (20.8-31.2) Lockemann
(1935)
Victoria larvae,
dead from
As spray W (U.95-13.0)
Eagland
(1936)
United States pupae, dead
from As
dust W 10.0
Eckert &
Allinger
(1936)
Tennessee
D 10.0
Andren et
al. (1973)
100
-------
Soecies
(1)
ARSENIC IN LOWER ANIMALS
(2)
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
Authority
PORIFERA
Sponge
Desmacidon fruticosum
D 0.15
(1903) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Sponge
Ephydatia fluviatilis
fresh
water
D (8.1-12.0)
(1929) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Sponge
Halichondria sp.
Sweden
fresh water
D 5.0
Noddack &
Noddack
(19l0)
Sponge
Halichondria panicea
Sponge
Spongia sp.
Sponge
Spongilla lacustris
(1)
Great Britain
fresh wate:
D 2.8
D 5.5
D (9.1-2^.0)
Leatherland
& Burton
(197^)
(1923) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
(1929) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
1 indicates questionable data.
(2) W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
101
-------
"Sponge"
COELEHTERATA
Jellyfish
Cynaea capillata
Actinian
Chitonactis richardi
Sea anemone
Metridium dianthus
'Hydromedusa'
Grand Bahama
Island whole
Q90
Sweden
Sea of Azof
Sweden
Sea of Azof
D 50.0
D 0.015
D 9.0
D 16.7
Coral
Pocillopora verrucosa Eniwetok Reduces As V to As III
Island
Tealia felina
SCYPHOZOA
Great Britain
D 72.0
Taylor &
Bright
(1973)
Noddack &
Noddack
(19^0)
Vinogradov
(1953)
Noddack &
Noddack
(19I+O)
Vinogradov
(1953)
Pilson
(197*0
Leatherland
& Burton
(197*0
Pelagia sp.
ANNELIDA
Tubificid
Limnodrilus sp.
Clam worm, ragworm
Nereis diversicolor
N.W. Africa
D 11.0
Polychaetes
"Earthworms"
Great Britain
Grand Bahama.
Islands whole
Tennessee
D 13.0
D 5.2
20.68
D 19.0
Leatherland
et al. (1973)
Vinogradov
(1953)
Leatherland
& Burton
(197k)
Taylor &
Bright
(1973)
Andren et
al. (1973)
102
-------
ECHINODERMATA
Sea star
Asterias rubens
Sweden
Great Britain
without
viscera
Sea urchin
Brissopsis lyrifera Sweden
Sand dollar
Echinarachnius parna Newfoundland whole
Sea star
Marthasterias glacialis Great Britain
Sea star
Pisoster ochraceus
Sea cucumber
Stichopus tremulus
Sea urchin
Strongylocentrus
droebachiensis
California
Sweden
without
viscera
Newfoundland gonad
leachate, dist.
from stibnite
¦nine (meters):
n it
M II
!t II
0
35
57
117
180
D U.O
D 10.0
D 8.0
D (1.5-10.8)
D 5.8
D 1.26
D 2.0
Noddack &
Noddack
(19^0)
Leatherland
& Burton
(197*0
Noddack &
Noddack
(I9U0)
Penrose et
al. (1975)
Leatherland
& Burton
(197U)
Gorgy et
al. (19^8)
Noddack &
Noddack
(19^0)
Penrose et
D (1.3-6.0) al. (1975)
D 6.oisD 2.3
D 5.6-SD 1.5
D 3.8-SD 0.9
D 1.35
D 2.1-SD 1.0
103
-------
Sea urchin
Strongylocentrus
droebachiensis
Crinoid
Ophiurida
"Starfish"
TUNICATA
Tunicate
Botryllus schlosseri
Tunicate
Ciona intestinalis
Tunicate
Pyrosoma sp.
Tunicate
Stye la clava
Leachate, dist.
from stibnite
mine (meters):
189
280
Grand Bahama
Island
Norway
oil
fatty
acid
Great Britain
Sweden
N.W. Africa
Great Britain
Penrose et
al. (1975)
D 1.9-SD 0.1
D 3.3±SD 0.5
9.81
(16.1+0-50.90)
Taylor &
Bright
(1973)
w 9.1
W 7.5
D 6.6
D 3.0
D 1.5
D U.8
Lur.de (1972)
Leatherland
& Burton
(197*0
Noddack &
Noddack
(19^0)
Leatherland
et al.
(1973)
Leatherland
& Burton
(197*0
104
-------
ARSENIC IN HIGHER PLANTS
(1)
(2)
Species
Locality
Analysis
Tissue PPM
Authority
Fir
Abies alba
Balsam fir
Abies lasiocarpa
Bentgrass
Agrostis canina
Bentgrass
Agrostis stolonifera
Colonial bentgrass
Agrostis tenuis
Italy
British
Columbia
Great
Britain
(on mine
waste)
wood
t-wig
II If
Great Britain
(on low As
soil)
If t
[on mine
waste)
>1 ii
seed
leaf
0.11
A <1.0
Minguzzi &
Naldoni
(1950)
Warren et
al. (1968)
Porter &
D 1+60.0 (max.) Peterson
mean 350.0 (1975)
D 1,350.0 (max.)
mean 1,000.0
D 3,1+70.0 (max.)
mean 1,1+80.0
D (0.28-3.0)
D 2000.0
D 670.0
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values^ followed by the mean. -Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
105
-------
Colonial bentgrass
Agrostis tenuis
Onion
Allium cepa
ff It
If II
II II
Garlic
Allium sativum
Alder
Alnus so.
Ragweed
Ambrosia sp.
Pineapple
Ananas comosa
Celery
Apium graveolens
dulce
tr it ft
Great Britain
(on mine young
waste) leaf
IT II
old
leaf
New Hampshire
Montana
(smelter area)
top
New York
United States
British
Columbia
twig
stalk
whole
plant
Porter &
Peterson
(1975)
D 100.0
D 1,31+0.0
W (O.lU-O.18) Schroeder
& Balassa
(1966)
Hindawi &
W (0.05-3.2) Neely (1972)
D 3.19
D 0>
W 0.2U
A (1.0
D 1.0
W 0.08
D 0.6
D 2.32
Jones &
Hatch
(19^5)
Elfving et
al. (1978)
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1966)
Warren et
al. (1968)
Williams &
Whetstone
(19U0)
Jadin &
Astruc
(1912")
Williams &
Whetstone
(19^0)
Jadin &
Astruc
(1912)
106
-------
Celery
Apiirn graveoLens
dulce
tr ii
Parsley
Apjum petroselinum
Fern
Athyrium angustatum
Canada
root
New Hampshire
Sagebrush
Artemisia tridentata Wyoming
Sagebrush
Artemisia sp.
Asparagus
Asparagus officinalis
Wild aster
Aster sp.
Locoweed
Astragalus bisulcatus
Locoweed
Astragalus pectinatus
United States
Saltbush
Atriplex confertifolia New Zealand
Oats
Avena sativa
Montana
(near smelter
area) kernel
Canada
gram
D 1.0
Chattopadhyay
et al. (1972)
D (0.2-0.75) Nat. Acad.
Sci. (1977)
W 1.3
D 60.0
D 0.1
D 2.0
D (0.1
D <0.1
W 0.2U
D 3.2
W 0.1
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
D (6.0-28.0) Cannon
12.7 (1969)
" (197^)
Jadin &
Astrue
(1912)
Williams &
Whetstone
(19^0)
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
Headden
(1910)
Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
D (0.09-0.13) Chisholm &
MacPhee
(1972)
107
-------
Oats
Avena sativa
Beet
Beta vulgaris
Swiss chard.
Beta vulgaris cicla
It tl
ii ir
Canada
straw D 0.28
United States root
ft tl
leaf
Montana
(smelter
area)
top
Maryland
United States
Rutabaga
Brassica napobrassica Montana
(smelter area)
Kale
Brassica oleracea acephala
Chisholm &
MacPhee
(1972)
D (<0.1-2.28) Nat. Acad.
Sci.(1977)
w 0.0
W 0.2k
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
Hindawi &
Neely
W (o.o-o.U) (1972)
D 1.27
Jones &
Hatch
(19^5)
D (0.07-3.^8) Nat. Acad.
Sci. (1977)
root D (0.I-I.3)
leaf & Furr et al.
stem D (0.16-0.66) (1976)
w 0.56
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
D (<0.01-0.08) Chisholm
(1972)
W 0.5
D 0.8
Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
Williams &
Whetstone
{I9b0)
D (0.11-0.22) Nat. Acad.
Sci. (1977)
108
-------
Kale
Brassica oleracea acephala top D (0.01-0.99)
D (0.01-0.99)
root D 0.39
Cauliflower
Brassica oleracea botrytis D 0.86
Cabbage
Brassica oleracea capitata
Montana head W (0.0-0.9)
" New York " D (0.1
Brussels sprouts
Brassica oleracea gemmifera
New Hampshire W ND
Kohlrabi
Brassica oleracea gongylodes
Montana
(smelter area) W (0.05-0.1)
Broccoli
Brassica oleracea italica
grown on soil
with Pb arsenate D trace
Turnip
Brassica rapa United States root W 0.0
D <0.01
top D 0.03
Bradicich
et al.
(1969)
Jones &
Hatch
(19^5)
Jadin &
Astruc
(1912)
Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
Elfving et
al. (1978)
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
McLean et
al. (L9M0
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
Chisholm
(1972)
Bradicich
et al.
(1969)
109
-------
Northern reed grass
Calamagrostis canadensis
Scotch heather
Cailuna vulgaris
Chili pepper
Capsicum annuum
Red pepper
Capsicum frutescens
Sedge
Carex sp.
Hickory-
Carya sp.
N.W. Territory
di st• from
smelter(mi.):
0.3
1.0
D
D
0'Toole et
(12.6-89.U) al. (1971)
12.6
19.8
1.8 (highest
soil As
conc.)D
2.3
Great Britain
(low As area)
Great Britain
(on mine waste,
high As site)
United States
11 ti
root
Malaya
(near tin
smelter)
Tennessee
D
89.H
12.9
Porter &
0.33 (max.) Peterson
mean 0.3 (1975)
k,130.0 (max.)
mean 1,260.0
W ND
W
D
0.06
0.0
1.57
0.39
33.0
(0.1-0.U)
Schroe.der
& Balassa
(1966)
Bradicich et
al. (1969)
Jones &
Hatch (19U5)
Peterson
et al.
(1976)
Andren et
al. (1973)
110
-------
Chestnut
Castanea vesca
Italy
France
wood
Coontail
Ceratophyllum derr.ersum
Japanese quince
Chaenomales maulei
Lambs quarter
Chenopodium album
Endive
Cichcrium endiva
Chicory
Cichorium intybus
Lemon
Citrus limon
Grapefruit
Citrus paradisi
Tangerine
Citrus reticulata
New Zealand
(geothermal
area
United States leaf
Italy
Italy
fruit
leaf
Florida
D 0.05
D 0.11
Minguzzi &
Naldoni
(1950)
Jadin &
Astruc
(1912)
Lancaster
et al.
(1971)
D (20.0-1,060.0)
D 971.0
w 0.19
D 1.0
D 0.21
D 0.62
W 0.1
D 0.5
D C.35
Reay (1972)
Schroeder &
Balassa (1966)
Williams &
Whetstone
(19^0)
Von Fellenberg
(1929)
Barela &
Pizzeri
(1966)
Jadin &
Astruc
(1912)
Barela &
Pezzeri
(1966)
Liebig et
al. (1959)"
D (2.0-3.0) Roy (19I13)
Jadin &
D 0.85 Astruc (1912)
111
-------
Orange
Citrus sinensis
Yellow clintonia
Clintorua borealis
Coffee
Coffea arabica
Compsopogon hookeri
Filbert
Corylus aveliana
Hazelnut
Corylus sp.
Gherkin
Cucumis anguria
Canteloupe
Cucumis melo
Cucumber
Cucumis sativus
Squash
Cucurbi-ta maxima
Florida
United States
Quebec (Cu mine
area smelter) leaf
" (control)
treated with
Fb arsenate bean
New Zealand
(in geothermal
area)
New Hampshire
United States
New Hampshire
W 0.11
W 0.0
Miller et
al. (1933)
Schroeder &
3alassa
(1966)
LeBlanc et
D ((2.0-52.0) al. (19714.)
D ((2.0-U.0)
Pereira &
D (0.5-1.5) Echandi
(196U)
D 550.0
D 0.11
D 0.78
D O.lU
W ND
D (0.02-2.U)
Reay
(1972)
Jadin &
Astrue
(1912)
Barela &
Pezzeri
(1966)
Cardiff'
(1937)
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1966)
Nat. Acad.
Sci. (1977)
D (0.023-0.031+) McLean et
al. (19^)
w 0.0
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1966}
112
-------
Pivnpk- n
C'.:cvalij ¦>?. p^po
W 0.09
Jadin &
Astruc
(1912)
Italian cypress
Cupressus sempervirens Italy
wood
L.U
Minguzzi &
Naldoni
(1950)
Carrots
Daucus carota
var sativa
ft ft
ft ff
tt II
It tt
If It
It It
Seeria densa
Water weed
ELodea canadensis
Ehretia microphylla
Spurge
Euphorbia sp.
New Hampshire root
Virgin Islands
Montana
(smelter area)
New York
New Zealand
(geothermal
area)
tt It
Malaya
(near tin
smelter)
top
root
w 0.7U
W 0.0
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1966)
Hindawi &
W (0.0-2.9) Neely (1972)
D 0.32
D (0.0-0.57)
Jones &
Hatch
(19^5)
D (0.03-0.8) Nat. Acad.
Sci. (1977)
D 0.9
D (266.0-310.0)
D (U8.0-700.0)
D 3.0
D 7U.O
Elfving et
al. (1978)
Lancaster et
al. (1971)
Peterson et
al. (1976)
D
-------
Buckwheat
Fagopyrua fas;oo.yrum
- Beech
Fagus sylvatica
Fern
Gleichenia linearis
Japanese millet
Echinochloa crusgalli
var. frumentacea
Soybean
Glycine max
tt tt
tt It
rt ii
Cotton
Gossynium herbaceim
Haplopappus fremontii
Sunflower
Helianthus annuus
United States grain W 1.3
Italy
Malaya
(near tin
smelter)
New York
Japan
United States
wood
D (0.05
bean
D (O.U-1.3)
D 0.9
D 0.08
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
Minguzzi &
Naldoni
(1950)
Peterson
et al.
(1976)
Elfving et
al. (1978)
Kawashiro &
Kondo (1962)
D (0.05-1.22) Ansul Co.
(1971)
fodder
oil
D (0.07-2.12)
D 0.09
tt Tt
t! Tf
tt U
cottonseed
oil W 0.0
D 0.05
leaf
D 0.055
D 1.0
Montana
(smelter
area)
W 3-3
Bradicich
et al.
(1969)
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1966)
Baker et
al. (1969)
Bradicich
et al. (1969)
Williams &
Whetstone
(19^0)
Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
114
-------
Sunflower
Helianthus annuus
D (<1.0-2.0) Cardiff
(1937)
Velvet grass
Holcus lanatus
Barley
Horde an vulgare
it it
It tt
tl tt
tt tt
Sweet potato
Ipomoea batatas
Jasione montana
Black walnut
Juglans nigra
Walnut
Juglans sd.
Lettuce
Lactuca sativa
»l »1
Great Britain
(on mine waste,
high As site)
Porter &
D max. 5oO.O Peterson
mean 350.0 (1975)
United States grain
w 0.85
Montana
(smelter
area)
Washington
kernel
straw
grain
w (0.0-0.9)
W 1U.3
W (0.1
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
Haller et
al. (1969)
D (<0.1-0.55) Nat. Acad.
Sci. (1977)
Great Britain
(on mine waste
high As site)
D 0.0
Bradicic'n
et al.
(1969)
D max. 6,6U0.0 Porter &
mean 2,0U0.0 Peterson
(1975)
W 0.13
Jadin &
Astruc
(1912)
D 0.07
Barela &
Pezzeri
(1966)
New Hampshire
W 0.27
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
Montana
(smelter area)
W (0.0-2.1)
Hindawi &
Neely (1972)
115
-------
Lettuce
Lactuca sativa
root
Lakeweed
Lagarosiphon ma.ior
New Zealand
(geothermal
area)
ft It
Montana
(smelter area)
New Zealand
Sweet pea
Lathyrus odoratus
Duckweed
Lemna sp.
Lentil
Lens culinaris
Leptospermum ericoides New Zealand
(geothermal
area)
Leptospermum scoparium
tt It
Tulip poplar
Liriodendron tulipifera Tennessee
Tomato
Lycopersicon esculentum New Hampshire fruit
Virgin Islands
D 0.12
D 0.1+7
Jones &
Hatch (19^5)
D (O.OI-3.78) Nat. Acad.
Sci. (1977)
Lancaster et
al. (1971)
D (29.0-l,i+50.0)
D 1+05.0
Reay (1972)
Hindawi &
W (0.05-0.l) Neely
(1972)
D 2.5
w 0.1
Lancaster
et al.
(1971)
Jadin &
Astrue
(1912)
Reay
(1972)
D <1.0
D 1.7
D (0.08-0.1+) Andren et
al. (1973)
W (0.0-0.37) Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
w 0.0
(0.01-2.95) Nat. Acad.
Sci. (1977)
116
-------
Tomato
Lycopersicon esculentum
Apple
Malus sylvestris
Alfalfa
Medicago sativa
stem &
leaf
root
New York
fruit
Montana
(smelter area) '
Washington
United States
Scarlet mallow
Malva sp.
Maidapple
Mamordica carenthia Virgin Islands
United States
Montana
(smelter area)
D 6.75
D (0.2
D <0.2
Jones &
Hatch
(19^5)
Geisrnan et
al. (1969)
D (0.26-O.U9) Jones &
Hatch (19U5)
D (0.1
Elfving et
al. (1978)
W (0.05-0.l) Hindawi &
Neely (1972)
W 0.018^0.006 Haller et
al. (1969)
W 0.0
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
D (o.OU-1.72) Nat. Acad.
Sci. (1977)
D 1.0
w 0.29
Williams &
Whetstone
(19^0)
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
W 1.6
Hindawi &
W (O.U-5.7) Neely (1972)
D (0.05-3.38) Jadin &
Astrue
(1912)
117
-------
Alfalfa
Medicago sativa
D (0.05-3.38) Morrison
(1969)
top
root
Melastoma malabathricum Malaya
(near tin
smelter)
Banana
Musa acuminata
Parrot feather
Myriophyllum propinquum New Zealand
(geothermal
area)
D 1.97
D 3.15
D (1.6-3.3)
D 0.06
whole
Tobacco
Nicotiana tabacum
United States leaf
D 456.0
w (0.0-51.0)
Nitella
Nitella hookeri
New Zealand
(geothermal
area)
" (control)
Oreocarya sp.
Mimosa
Mimosa pudica
cigarette D (1.8-15.U)
pipe D (2.0-4.5)
cigar D (1.5-5.8)
whole D 182.0
D 13.0
D (1.0
Malaya
(near tin
smelter)
Jones &
Hatch (19^5)
Peterson et
al. (1976)
Jadin &
Astrue
(1912)
Lancaster
et al.
(1971)
Jenkins
(1972)
Nadkarni &
Ehmann
(1970)
D (32.0-50.0)
Lancaster
et al.
(1971)
Williams &
Whetstone
(19^0)
Peterson et
al. (1976)
118
-------
Clayton's fern
Osmunda claytoniana
Cinnamon fern
Osmunda cinnamomea
Royal fern
Osmunda regalis
Rice
Oryza sativum
Parsnip
Pastinaca sativa
United States
Madagascar
Washington
Garden parsley
Petroselinum crispurn latifolium
Lima bean
Phaseolus limensis
gram
whole
Washington bean
New Hampshire
Bean
Phaseolus spp.
United States bean
W 0.0
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
W 0.21
w 0.U9
w 0.13
W 0.U8
D <0.1
D O.h
Haller et
al. (1969)
Reed &
Sturgis
(1936)
D (<0.07-3.53) Nat. Acad.
Sci. (1977)
D (0.8-5.0) Epps &
Sturgis
(1939)
D 0.2
D (0.1-8.0)
D <0.1
W 0.0
D O.k
Cardiff
(1937)
Haller et
al. (1969)
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
Cardiff
(1937)
W (0.0-0.09) Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
119
-------
Bean
Phaseolus spp.
Montana
green
"bean
Bush "bean
Phaseolus vulgaris
Date palm
Phoenix dactylifera
White spruce
Picea alba
Russia
New York
pod
leaf
bean
vine
root
bean
Canada
(near gold mine.
As contaminated
soil)
(control)
branch
leaf
trunk
root
branch
leaf
trunk
root
120
W <0.05
D trace
D 0.27
D 0.21
D 0.07
D 0.18
D 0.29
D 0.33
D (0.1
W 0.12
Hindawi &
Neely (1972)
Clements &
Munson
(191+7)
Jacobs et
al. (1970)
Machlis
(19U1)
Jones &
Hatch
(19^5)
Kapandze
(19US)
Elfving et
al. (1978)
Jadin &
Astruc
(1912)
Rosehart &
Lee (1973)
(2.8-1U.3)
(2.08-9.5)
(0.3-55.0)
(U5.0-130.0)
2.1
2.1
2.U
1.0
-------
Black spruce
Picea mariana
Quebec
Cu mine
area
leaf
D
(<1.0-96.0)
LeBlanc
et al.
(191b)
Spruce
Picea sp.
British
Columbia
twig
A
(<1.0-13.0)
Warren et
al. (1968)
Lodgepole pine
Pinus contorta
IT
If
A
(13.0-1U.0)
tt
Short-leaf pine
Pinus echinata
Tennessee
D
(0.1-0.2)
Andren et
al. (1973)
White pine
Pinus flexilis
British
Columbia
leaf
A
<1.0
Warren et
al. (1968)
Pinus laricinus
Italy
wood
D
0.13
Minguzzi &
Naldoni
(1950)
Scotch pine
Pinus sylvestris
f!
tt
D
0.05
tl
Peas
Pisum sativum
Virgin
Islands
dried
W
0.09
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1966)
T! 1!
fresh
W
0.0
tl
Washington dried, Haller et
split D <0.1 al. (1969)
D (0.01-0.U) Jones &
Hatch (19^5)
£ ern
Polystichum acrostichoides
United States
Posidonia
Posidonia oceanica
leaf
W 0.2
D O.U5
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1966)
(1913) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
root
D 0.35
121
-------
Pondweed
Potamogeton cheesemanii New Zealand
(geothermal
Pondweed
Potamogeton crispus
Almond
Prunus aaygdalus
Apricot
Prunus armeniaca
Peach
Prunus persica
Douglas fir
Pseudotsuga menziesii
area) whole
" (control) "
New Zealand
(geothermal
area) whole
British Columbia
(in As-bearing
areas & mine) 2nd-yr
stem
" » i j.
lst-yr
stem
rt IT ,
lst-yr
needle
2nd-yr
stem
11 f! o
2nd-yr.
needle
i? tl ,
sten
(max.
" (in non-As stem,
area)
D 1+5.0
D (6.0
D (11.0-1*36.0)
D 0.3
D (0.15-1.5)
Lancaster
et al.
(1971)
Jadin &
Astrue
(1912)
Collins
(1918)
D (0.07-1.5) Bradicich
et al.
(1969)
Warren et
al. (1968)
A (2.0-8,200.0)
A (510.0-2,110.0) "
A (120.0-1,060.0)
A (70.0-1,390.0)
A (25.0-180.0)
) A 8,200.0
needle A (3.0-100.0)
needle D (1+.0-8,000.0) Delavault
& Manson
(1971)
122
-------
Fern
Pteridium latiusculum United States
W 0.73
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
f ern
Pteritis nodulosa
Pear
Pyrus coraiunis
Chestnut oak
Quercus prinoides
Buttercup
Ranunculus aquatilus
Radish
Raphanus sativus
Rhubarb
Rheum rhaponticum
France
Washington fruit
United States
Japan
Tennessee
Wyoming
Montana
(smelter
area)
United
States
skin
acorn
root
root
w 0.3U
0.07
Bertrand
(1920)
W 0.0U6-0.006 Haller et
al. (1969)
W 0.0
W 0.17
D 0.39
D (0.05-0.U)
D 0.1
D 11.0
D 180.0
W trace
W 0.U8
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1966)
Jadin &
Astruc
(1912)
Headden
(1910)
D (0.U-0.6) Tankawa &
Nakane
(1969)
Andren et
al. (1973)
Cannon (197^-)
Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
123
-------
Rhubarb
Rheu-Ti rhaponticu-n
Watercress
Rorippa nasturtium-aauaticum
Wild rose
Rosa acicularis
Sorrel
Rumex acetosella
Sugarcane
Saccharum officinarum
Willow
Salix sp.
Rush
Scirpus sp.
Rye
Secale cereale
Northwest Territories
Dist. from smelter
(miles)
11 11 11
tf ft fl
tf ft I!
ft II ft
O.h
0.8
1.8
1.9
Italy (in As-
containing area)
British
Columbia
New Zealand,
(geotherrnal
area)
leaf 8c
twig
Russia
D <0.1
D (l.SU-2.1)
D 138.0
D 39.1
D 26.9
D 15.U
D 2.0
D 12.0
Williams &
Whetstone
(19^0)
Jadin &
Astruc
(1912)
& Kapanadze
(19^8)
0'Toole et
al. (1971)
Berbenni
(0.9-1.7) (1959)
United States grain W (0.0-0.16)
D <0.1
Pemberton
(193^)
Warren et
A (l.O-U.O) al. (1968)
Re ay
(1972)
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1966)
Shtenberg
(19^0)
124
-------
Millett
Setaria italica
Soopolallia
Shepherdia canadensis
Egg plant
Solanum melogena
Potato
Solanum tuberosum
Russia
United States
British
Columbia
Virgin
Islands
New Hampshire
Russia
twig
root
United
States
Wisconsin
potato
skin
tuber
D <0.1
w 1.03
A ro.l
W 0.82
W 0.0
S'ntenberg
(19U0)
Sc'nroeder
& Balassa
(1966)
Warren et
al. (1968)
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1966)
D (0.18-0.77) Kapandze
(19^8)
D (0.0-6.1U) McLean
(19^)
D O.98
w 0.13
Jones &
Hatch
(19^5)
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
Steevens et
D (0.U-2.U) al. (1972)
1.0
Italy
(As contain-
ing area)
Montana
(smelter
area)
Sweden
leaf
tuber
(0.3-0.6)
Berbenni
(1959)
Hindawi &
Neely
w (0.0-0.1) (1972)
D (0.01-0.05) Chisholm
(1972)
D 0.2
Sihlbom
(1956)
125
-------
Potato
Solanum tuberosum
D (0.0076-1.25) Nat. Acad.
Sci. (1977)
Spinach
Spinacia oleracea
New York
New Hampshire
tuber
D (0.1
W l.l
Elfving et
al. (1978)
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
D (0.0U-2.25) Nat. Acad.
Sci. (1977)
Sudan grass
Sorghum vulgare sudanense
Cocoa
Theobroma cacao
D 0.7
Hershey
chocolate W 0.59
Cedar
Thuya plicata
Spanish moss
Tillandsia usnoides
British
Columbia
United States
twig
A 1.0
Machlis
(19^1)
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1966)
Warren et
al. (1968)
A (<0.1-2.0) Shacklette
geom. mean & Connor
0.79 (1973)
Good monitoring
organism for As
Tridax procumbens
Red clover
Trifolium oratense
Malaya
(near tin
smelter)
D (1.0-122.0)
D 0.37
Peterson et
al. (1976)
Cardiff
(1937)
D (O.H-O.39) Sieczka &
Lisk (1971)
White clover
Trifolium reoens
D 3.6^
Jones &
Hatch
(19^5)
126
-------
Clover
Trifolium sp.
Wheat
Triticum aestivum
Hemlock
Tsuga canadensis
Tulip
Tulipa gesneriana
Cat tail
Tvpha orientalis
United States
Montana kernel
(smelter area)
leaf
Netherlands
New Zealand
(in geothermal
area)
Lowbush blueberry
Vaccinium ansmstifolium
Maine (soil
arsenic) leaf
" (untreated) "
stem
root
D (<0.1-0.17) Morrison
(1969)
D 0.U6
Chisholm
3c MacPhee
(1972)
W (0.17-2.U) Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
W (o.O-trace) Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
D (0.09-0.16) Ansul Co.
(1971)
D (0.007-0.3) Nat. Acad.
Sci. (1977)
D (0.2-0.U) Sinclair et
al. (1975)
w (0.0-3.6)
D 2.0
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
Williams &
Whetstone
(I9to)
D 8.0
D 8.0
D (6.7U-IU.97)
D 0.78
D 0.27
D 2.U
Lancaster
et al.
(1971)
Reay (1972)
Anastasia &
Kender (1973)
127
-------
Ironweed
Vernonia sn.
D
1.0
Williams &
Whetstone
(19^0)
Vetch
Vicia sativa
plant
D
1.22
Jones &
Hatch
(19U5)
1! tt
root
D
7.15
tt
Grape
Vitis sp.
United States
wild
W
0.17
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1966)
rr u
Washington
raisin
D
<0.1
Haller et
al. (1969)
11 M
Europe
juice
0.0
Herrman &
Kretsdorn
(1939)
IT II
tt
skin
0.0
It
it tt
tl
leaf
D
2.3
If
ii it
fruit
D
("0.75-1.2)
Tankawa &
Nakane
(1969)
n tt
It
D
0.05
Daris et
al. (1971)
Cocklebur
Xanthium strumarium
(1.0
Williams &
Whetstone
(19^0)
Corn
Zea mays
United States
grain
W
0.11
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1966)
II M
It tl
meal
W
0.78
II
II II
It II
oil
W
0.0
it
It II
grain
D
(CO.01-0.05)
II
11 11
II
D
(0.05-0.07)
II
128
-------
Corn
Zea mays stalk & Jadin &
leaf W 0.0^+ As true
(1912)
M ft
tt M
" D (0.6-2.5) Woolson
(1972)
" D 0.71 Jones &
Hatch
(19^5)
" " seedlino- D 3.0 Woolson et
al. (1973)
"Forage grasses" (0.1-0.62) Cannon
0.3 (197M
" " (0.1-1^.0)5.^
129
-------
ARSENIC IN MOSS
(1)
(2)
Species
Analysis
Locality Tissue PPM
Authority
Hylocomium splendens
Pleurozium schreberi
Quebe c
Cu mine
area
D (U.0-99-0)
D (1.0-10.0)
LeBlanc
et al.
(197^)
(1)
(2)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet. Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SEJ, median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
130
-------
(1)
ARSENIC IN ALGAE
(2)
Species
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Green alga
As;arum fimbretum
Red alga
Ahnfeltia plicata
Norway
Nova Scotia
Great Britain
Red alga
Alsidium helminthochorton
Brown alga
Asccphyllum nodosum Nova Scotia
Newfoundland
(1)
D k.O
D 2.0
D 39-0
D 0.25
D 38.0
D 0.05
Lunde (1973)
Young &
Langille
(1958)
Leatherland
& Burton
(197b)
(1911) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Young &
Langille
(1958)
(1913) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
D 9'8-SE 2.0 Penrose et
al. (1975)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
(2)
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
131
-------
Brown alga
Ascophyllum nodosum
Newfoundland
(runoff fron
stibnite mine)
Norway
lipid
fatty
acid
Green alga
Casteria castata
Red alga
Ceramium rubrum
United States
Nova Scotia
Green alga
ChaetornorDha melagonium
Green alga
Chlorella ovalis
Green alga
Chlorella pyrenoidosa
Irish moss
Chondrus crisnus
Norway
lipid
Nova Scotia
Great Britain
Green alga
Cladophora rupestris Nova Scotia
Penrose et
+ al. (1975)
D 17.2-SD 2.5
D (7.8-U9.O) Lunde
(1972a)
D (5.2-21.0)
D 1.0
D 7.0
D 5.0
D 0.7
D 0.5
D 5.0
D (5.0-H.O)
W 6.3
D 12.0
D 11.0
D 10.0
Williams &
Whetstone
(19^0)
Young &
Langille
(1958)
Lunde
(1972a)
Young &
Langille
(1958)
Jones (1922)
(1933) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Chapman
(1926)
Leatherland
& Burton
(197^)
Young &
Langille
(1958)
132
-------
Green alga
Cladophora utriculosa
France
Seaweed
Cystophyllum fusi forme Japan
Brown alga
Cystoseira sp.
Green alga
Enterornorpha compressa Great Britain
Green alga
Enterornorpha nana
Brown alga
Fucus digitatus
Brown alga
Fucus evanescens
3rown alga
Fucus nodosus
New Zealand
geothermal area
France
Nova Scotia
Great Britain
D 0.8
D 0.08
(1913) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
(1902) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Brown alga
Fucus serratus
trance
D (122.0- Shimokawa
180.0)152.0 et al.
(1971)
D 0.1+
D 15.O
D ll+.O
D 2.08?
(1913) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Jones (1922)
Lancaster et
al. (1971)
(1902) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
D (30.0-75.0) Young &
Langille
(1958)
D (57.0-60.0) Jones (1922)
thallus D 32.O
filament D UO.O "
D 90.0
D (1+8.0-5^.0) Leatherland
& Burton
D 0.82?
(197*0
(1902) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
133
-------
Brown alga
Fucus serratus
Brown alga
Fucus sp.
tl ff
Brown alga
Fucus spiralis
II II
ff If
Brown alga
Fucus vesiculosus
Norway
lipid
fatty-
acid
Newfoundland
(control)
" (runoff from
stibnite mine)
Norway-
Nova Scotia
Great Britain
France
Norway
It
W. Greenland
Red alga
Gelidiua cartilageneum Nova Scotia
Red alga
Gigartina nanraiillosa Great Britain
Red alga
Gigarcina stellata Nova Scotia
lipid
fatty
acid
D 27.0
D 6.1
D 1.7
Lunde
(1972a)
Fortmann &
Riley (196U)
Penrose et
D 12.1-SD 6.6 al. (1975)
D 17.2-SD 7.S
D 15.0-3^.0) Lunde
(1972a)
D 5.7
D 5.0
D 58.0
D 80.0
D 0.82?
D 35.0
Young &
Langille
(1958)
Jones (1922)
(1902) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Lunde
(1972a)
D 5.1
D (35.2-35.8) Bohn (1975)
D 5.0
Young &
Langille
(1958)
D (6.0-23.0) Jones (1922)
D 10.0
Young &
Langille
(1958)
134
-------
Red alga
Gracilaria confervoides Nova Scotia
Bro-wn alga
Halidrys siliquosa
Great Britain
Red alga
Halopitys pinastroides
Red alga
Halosaccion ramentaceum Nova Scotia
Red alga
Jania rubens
Brovn alga
Laminaria digitata
Great Britain
Nova Scotia
frond
stipe
Great Britain
Norway
lipid
fatty
acid
D 8.0
D 26.0
D UO.O
D 0.2
D 8.0
D 3.0
D 125.0
D 50.0
D 55.0
D kZ.O
D 1+7.0
D 0.5
D 221.0
D 36.0
Young &
Langilie
(1958)
Leatherland
& Burton
(197*0
Jones (1922)
(1913) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Young &
Langilie
(1958)
(1913) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Jones (1922)
Young &
Langilie
(1958)
Leatherland
& Burton
(197U)
(1911) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Lunde
(1972a)
135
-------
Brown alga
Laminaria digitata l_amina
Norway
Brown alga
Laminaria hyperborea
lipid
Brown alga
Laminaria longicrurus Nova Scotia
Brcwn alga
Laminaria saccharina Great Britain
Norway
lipid
Brown alga
Laminaria sp.
Red alga
Laurencia obtusa
Brown alga, kelp
Maerocystis pyrifera
Japanese Sea
California
(calc.)
New Zealand
Lunde
D (107.0-109.0) (1970a)
D 63.0
D 197.0
D 11+2.0
D 52.0
D 70.0
D 1+5.0
D 155.0
D 0.1
D 30.8
D 5.0
D 17.3
" (1972a)
" (1973)
Young &
Langille
(1958)
Jones (1922)
Leatherland
& Burton
(197b)
Lunde (1972a)
(l91l) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Shtenberg
(1939)
(1913) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Gorgy et
al. (19U8)
D (1+8.0-96.O) Boothe &
77.0 Knauer
(1972)
A (72.0-11+1+.0)
116.0-26.0
D 58.O
Wilson &
Fieldes
(19^1)
136
-------
Oscillatoria rubescens Norway
lipid D (0.4-0.5) Lunde (1972a)
Brown alga
Padina pavonia
Brown alga, channel wrack
Pelvetia canaliculata Norway
Seaweed
Phaedactylum tricornutum "
D 0.9
(1913) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
D (15.0-22.0) Lunde (1970a)
lipid D 10.8 " (1972a)
fatty acid D 7.3
lipid D (3.-6-U.8) "
Green alga
Plocamium coccineum
Red alga
Poryphyra sp.
Great
Britain
Nova Scotia
£>eav;eea
Pterygophera californica
United States
Seaweed
Rhodemia pertusa
Red alga
Rhodymenia palmata
Nova Scotia
Sargassum weed
Sargassum filipendula Florida
Sargassum weed
Sargassua fluitans
Sargassum weed
Sargassum spp. "
Red alga
Sphaerococcus coronopifolius
D 10.0
D 0.0
D 12.0
D 1.0
D 10.0
W 5.8
W 19.5
D (H.2-12.7)
D k.O
Jones (1922)
Young &
Langille
(1958)
Williams &
Whetstone
(19^0)
Young &
Langilie
(1958)
Johnson &
Braman
(1975)
(1913) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
137
-------
Green alga
Spongomorpha arcta
Green alga
Ulva lactuca
Green alga
Ulva sp.
Nova Scotia
Japan
Green alga
Ulva latissima
Undaria pinnatifida
Red alga
Wranselia penicillata
Seaweed
Great Britain
Japan
11 A '
Agar
Green laver
Tangleveed
D 8.0
D U.O
D 0.15?
D 1.2
A 5.U
D 8.0
Young &
Langille
(1958)
(1911) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
Fukai &
Meinke
(1962)
Jones (1922)
D (29.0-72.0) Shimokawa
U-2.0 et al.
(1971)
D H.O
(1913) in
Vinogradov
(1953)
D (13.0-33.0) Shimokawa
2U.0 et al.
(1971)
D <0.1
D (0.^-0.9)0.6
D (29.0-91.0)^9.0 "
138
-------
Species
(1)
BERYLLIUM IN ANIMALS
(2)
Locality
Analysis
Tissue PPM
Authority
MAMMALS
Cow
Bos bovis
Australia
mi Ik
A
(nd-c.09)
0.02
Meehan &
Smythe
(1967)
tt It
liver
A
0.05-SD 0.003 Owens &
Gladney
(1975)
Harbor seal
Phoca vitulina
Great Britain
spleen
w<0.005
Hamilton
(1976)
tt tt
tt
heart
W
<0.03
It
tt It
tt
muscle
W
0.02-0.009
ft
tt tt
tt
kidney
w
<0.04
ft
tt tt
tt
liver
w
<3.0
ft
Rat
Rattus rattus
Be is deposited in "bone Taylor and
and some in liver, spleen, Arnold
kidneys and muscle. (l97l)
(1)
(2)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or nean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
139
-------
BIRDS
Mallard
Anas platyrhynchos
New York
liver
Black duck
Anas rubripes
Canada
New York
Canada
White-fronted goose
Anser albifrons 11
Lesser scaup
Ayth.ya affinis "
Greater scaup
Aythya marila nearctica New York
Canvasback
Aythya valisneria
Canada goose
Branta canadensis
Washington
liver
<1.0
muscle <1.0
feather D <0.5
<1.0
muscle <1.0
feather D <0.5
<0.5
<0.5
liver <1.0
muscle
brain
liver
muscle
liver
muscle
brain
egg
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
<1.0
A ND (Be?)
Baker et al.
(1976)
Kelsall
(1970)
Baker etal.
(1976)
Kelsall
(1970)
Baker et al.
(1976)
Richard &
Sweany
(1977)
shell A ND
140
-------
Bufflehead
Bucephala albeola
Chicken
GalLus domesticus
New York
Australia
liver <1.0
muscle <1.0
egg yolk A 0.01
Baker et al.
(1976)
Meehan &
Smythe
(1967)
White-winged scoter
Melanitta deglandi
FISH
Bream
Acanthopagrus sp.
New York
Australia
egg
white
& yolk A 0.006
egg shell
8c yolk A O.OlU
liver
muscle
gut
<1.0
<1.0
A 0.1
A ND
Baker et al.
(1976)
Meehan &
Smythe
(1967)
Blackfish
Girella tricuspidata
Guppy
Lebistes reticulatus
Eel
Leptocephalus sp.?
whole A
gut
(0.08-0.39)
0.23
(C.U6-1.78)
0.99
muscle A 0.01
highest Be conc. in
viscera and intestine
and kidney and ovary,
(exposed to 7Be)
A ND
Slonim &
Da-rim
(1972)
Meehan &
Smythe
(1967)
141
-------
Mullet
Mugil cephalus?
Leatherjacket
Navodon sp.
Bonito
Sarda chiliensis?
"Redfin"
Australia
whole A
gut
muscle
muscle
A
A
A
A
(0.03-0.36)0.21 Meehan
& Smythe
(O.OU-0.71)
(ND-0.07)0.01+
0.01
0.01
(1967)
gut A (0.U8-0.63)0.56 "
INVERTEBRATES
Jelly blubber
Catostylus mosaicus '
American oyster
Crassostrea virginica Texas
Oyster
Crassostrea sp. &
Ostrea so.
Scallop, Tasmanian
Pecten novaezelandiae
Cunjevoi, tunicate
Pyura stolonifera
"Shellfish"
Marine crab
Green prawn
Australia
shell
A ND
<0.1
Smith &
Wright
(1962)
Meehan &
"flesh" A (0.01-0.27) Smythe
0.03 (1967)
"liquid" A (0.01-0.03)0.02
shell A (0.01-0.08)0.01+
A 0.02
"flesh" A (0.10-0.53)
tunic A (0.05-0.30)
"flesh" A (0.07-1.15)
shell A (ND-0.01)
A (0.07-0.17)
A 0.03
142
-------
Starfish Australia whole A 0.02 Meehan &
Smythe
(1967)
"Plankton" " A ND
143
-------
BERYLLIUM IN HIGHER PLANTS
(1)
(2)
Species
Locality
Analysis
Tissue PPM
Authority
Acacia
Acacia sp.
Peanut
Arachis hypogaea
Australia
(0.10-1.06) Meehan &
O.bG Smythe
(1967)
nut
shell
Sagebrush
Artemisia sp.
Birch
Betula sp.
Russia
(0.01-0.03)
0.02
(o.1+1-0.52)
O.U 7
(0.01-0.50) Mursaliev
(1969)
Nickonova
Be indicator
plant A 3.0 (max.) (1967)
Cabbage
Brassica oleracea capitata
Australia
head
0.03
Meehan &
Smythe
(1967)
(1)
(2)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
1 indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. ^ Standard deviation (SDO, standard
error (SE), median and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
144
-------
Hickory
Carya spp.
If fl
M It
Dogwood
Cornus sp.
II ft
Best Be accumulator
plant known
leaf
D 1.0
A 30.0
D >0.1
A >1.0
Griffitts et
al. (1977)
Cedar
Juniperus communis
Lettuce, green
Lactuca sativa
Lupine
Lupinus sp.
Missouri
W. Germany
Australia
needle &
twig D <0.12
head
seed
D 0.33
A 0.02
Connor et
al. (1970)
Zorn &
Diem (197*0
Meehan &
Smythe
(1967)
Tomato
Lycopersicon esculentum
Alfalfa
Medieago sativa
W. Germany
United States
fruit
A
D
0.02
0.2k
Zorn &
Diem (197U)
(Grown in nutrient soln. Romney &
with 16 ppra 3e) Childress
(1965)
leaf &
stem D 27.6
Tobacco
Nicotiar.a tabacum
Rice
Oryza sativa
W. Germany
per D (0.^7-0.7*0 Zorn &
cigarette Diem (197*0
grain D 0.08
(polished)
Bean
Phaseolus vulgaris
Australia bean A (ND-O.Ol) Meehan &
0.01 Smythe
(1967)
145
-------
Engleman spruce
Picea eneelmanni
Lodgepole pine
Pinus contorta
Pine
Pinus so.
Almond.
Prunus amygdalus
Douglas fir
Pseudotsuga taxifolia
Pea
Pisum sativum
Aspen
Populus SP.
Willow
Salix sp.
Potato
Solanum tuberosum
Colorado &
Idaho
Russia
Australia
Colorado &
Idaho
California
Russia
W. Germany
Spanish moss
Tillandsia usnoides United States
Ladino clover
Trifolium sp.
California
A <1.0
A <1.0
Griffitts et
al. (1977)
Be indicator Nickonova
plant A 3.0 (max.) (1967)
nut
A 0.01
shell A 0.01
A vl.O
Meehan &
Srnythe
(1967)
Griffitts et
al. (1977)
(grown in nutrient soln. Romney &
with 16 ppm Be) Childress
(1965)
leaf &
stem D 75.3
Be indicator Nickonova
plant A 3.0 (max.) (1967)
A 3.0 (max.)
tuber D 0,17
whole A 2.0
(grown on Be-treated
kaolin soil)
Zorn &
Diem
(197*0
Shacklette
& Connor
(1973)
Romney &
Childress
(1965)
146
-------
Corn
Zea mays
Eel grass
Zostera sp.
n, 11
Angiosperms
Conifers
Desert shrubs
"Vegetation"
Orchard leaves
France
(with BeSO^ supplement)
Australia
shoot
root
ear
whole
S.W. United
States (desert)
A
A
A
Oastrin et
al. (1967)
(2.^-2.8)
(2.7-2.8)
(8.1-15.7)
A (0.28-1.12) Meehan &
0.60 Smythe
A (0.15-2.00)
O.69
D 0.1
A 1.0
(1967)
Griffitts et
al. (1977)
More Be in twigs
than leaves
A
A
< 2.0
Cannon (i960)
(0.030-0.067) Owens 8c
Gladney
(1975)
147
-------
(l)
BERYLLIUM IN LOWER PLANTS
Species
Locality
Analysis
Tissue PPM
(2)
Authority
MOSSES
"Bryophytes"
in specimens containing
Be (26.3$ contain Be) A 6.0
LICHENS
Lecanora rubina
Parmelia conspersa
Parmelia saxatilis
Umbilicaria hyperborea
Xanthoria elegans
Xanthoria parietina
Colorado
whole
<1.0
<1.0
Shacklette
(1965)
Leroy &
Koksoy
(1962)
A (0.0-trace) Fearon
(1935)
(1.0-3.0) Leroy &
Koksoy
(1962)
<1.0
A (0.0-trace) Fearon
(1935)
(I)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
(2)
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g » picocuries per gram.
148
-------
FUNGI
"Mushrooms"
Australia
Yeast, bakers
ALGAE
"Rockweed algae"
II
"Seaweed"
"Bubbleweed"
whole A 0.12
Meehan &
Smythe
(1967)
A 0.02
A (0.02-0.5^)
0.28
A 0.01
A (0.29-1.02)
0.66
A (0.01-0.05)
0.03-
149
-------
(1)
BORON IN MAMMALS
(2)
Analysis
Species Locality Tissue PPM Authority
Harbor Seal
Phoca vitulina
Great Britain blood
W
2.0 to.k
Hamilton
(1976)
II II
spleen
W
0.5-0.2
II
tr ii
" heart
w
0.1^0.05
It
it n
" muscle
w
0.3±0.1
II
ti ti
kidney
w
0.01*0.01
n
ti ft
liver
w
0.2-0.1
tt
"Mammals"
brain
Q
0.6
Bowen (1966)
1!
heart
D
0.2
tl
tl
kidney
D
0.5
I!
M
liver
D
0.U8
II
If
lung
D
0.2U
IT
If
muscle
D
0.31
tl
f!
skin
D
0.2
II
M
bone
D
5.0
tt
(1)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
(2)
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. ^Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
150
-------
(1)
BORON IN FISH
(2)
Species
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Atlantic herring
Clupea harenaius
Anchove^ta
Engraulis ringens
Atlantic cod
Gadus morhua
California
whole
immature
Lepadogaster gouanij
Haddock
'lelanogr .
[=Gadus aeglefinus)
Melanogrammus aeglefinus
(1)
(2)
D 3.0
W 1.5
Vinogradov
(1953)
A (3.3-3.8) Goldberg
(1962)
D 57.6
w 1.83
D 1.5
D 100.0
(ppm of
sum of
ash cations)
D 17.5
W 3^5
Vinogradov
(1953)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
1 indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. -Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
151
-------
Yellowfin tuna
Neothunnus ^acropterus California
Pollock
Pollachius virens
(=Gadus virens)
Albacore
Thunnus alalunga
Lake trout
Salvelinus nanaycush New York
California
heart
spleen
stomach
blood
eyeball
muscle
gill
whole
immature
muscle
heart
liver
pyloric
caeca
hyoid bone
skin
muscle
bone
Goldberg
(1962)
A 1.5
A 3o
A 150.0
A 1.5
A 5.6
A 39.0
A 1.8
A 9.0
D 6.32
w 1.3
D 35.9
w 6.2k
W (0.25-O.63) Tong et
al. (197*0
Vinogradov
(1953)
A 33-0
A 82.0
Goldberg
(1962)
A 1. C
A 2.7
A (11.0-13.0)
A (l.O-lJ;)
152
-------
(1)
Species
BORON IN MOLLUSCA
Locality Tissue
(2)
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Pteropod
Clione limacina
N.E. United
States
American oyster
Crassostrea virginica Texas
Pteropod
Limacina retroversa
N.E. United
States
Squid
Ommastreohes illicebrosa
Mollusca
whole
shell
hard
tissue
A 90.0
D 5.0
A 50.0
A 1+20.0
D 20.0
D 3-0
Nicholls et
al. (1959)
Smith &
Wright
(1962)
Nicholls et
al. (1959)
Bowen (i960)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
1 indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. -Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
153
-------
(1)
BORON IN CRUSTACEA
Species
Locality
Tissue
(2)
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Common barnacle
Balanus balanoides
Copepcd
Calanus finmarchius
3arents Sea
N.E. United
States
whole
W 2.^+3
D 18.6
W 9.52
D 71.6
A 760.0
Vinogradov
(1953)
Nicholls et
al. (1959)
(+ phytoplankton)
Hermit crab
Supagurus bernhardus
Copepod
Centropagus hamatus
Beach flea
Gammarus locusta
(1)
(2)
Great Britain
N.E. United
States
whole
A 325.0
2 13k.0
D 100.C Webb (1937)
A 160.0
W lli. 5
D 71.U
Nicholls et
si. (1959)
Vinogradov
(1953)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not: applicable.
1 indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or near,, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
154
-------
Shrimp
PalaeT.on sp. 2.5 Vinogradov
(1953)
D 11.3
Spiny lobster
Panulirus sp. W 2.5
D 11.3
Freshwater crayfish
Pota-nobius fluviatilis W 9-03 "
D 31.3
Euphausid
Euphausla krohnii N.E. United Nicholls et
States whole A 0.0 al. (1959)
"Crustacea" D 15.0 Bowen (1966)
155
-------
BORON IN LOWER ANIMALS
(1)
species
Locality
Tissue
(2)
Analysis
PPM AuthorLtv
Great Britain
ECHINODERMATA
Sea star
Asterias rubens
Sea urchin
Echinus esculentus
Sea star
Marthasterias glacialis Sweden
Brittlestar
Ophiocomina nigra
Sea urchin
Paracentrotus lividus
Echinodermata
COELEIITERATA
Coral
Anomocora fecunda
Jamaica
(I)
(2)
D 1,500.0 Webb (1937)
D 300.0 "
Great Britain disc, arm
ovary
coclomic
fluid
D 300.0
D 300.0
D 100.0
Noddack &
Noddack
(19^0)
¦ Weob (1937)
D 300.0
D U6.0
hard tissue D 30.0
D 70.0
3ov/en (1966)
Livingston
& Thompson
(1971)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
1 indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
156
-------
Coral
3athycyanthus maculatus Jamaica
Coral
Caryophyllia clavus '
Coral
Caryophyllia communis "
Coral
Cladocera patriarca "
Jellyfish
Cyanaea capillata N.E. United
States
Coral
Dendrcphyllia sp. Jamaica
Coral
Desmophyllum cristogalli
Coral
Madracis asperula
Coral
Madracis -nirabilis
Coral
Madracis oharensis
Coral
Meandrina areolata
Coral
Meandrina oraziliensis
Coral
Montastrea annularis
Coral
Phyllangia americana
Coral
Porites oori tes
Coral
Scolmia cubens is
D 80.0 Livingston &
Thompson
(1971)
D 65.0
D 50.0 "
D 95.0
Nicholls et
A 100.0 al. (1959)
D 100.0 Livingston &
Thompson
(1971)
D (65.0-75.0)
D 95.O
D (80.0-90.0)
D 80.0
D 110.0
D (55-0-70.0)
D (50.0-65.0)
D 60.C
D (UO.0-50.0)
D (60.0-80.0) "
157
-------
Coral
Solenosuilia variabilis Jamaica
Coral
Trochocyanthus sp.
PORIFERA
Sponge
Aphrocallistes bocageia
Sponge
Spoqgia sp.?
NEMERTEA
Lineus longissimus
AJMELIDA
Polychaete
Nephthys sp.
Annelida
CHAETOGNATKA
D (65.0-80.0) Livingston
& Thonpson
(1971)
D 85.O
in spongin Vinogradov
skeleton A 1,000.0 (1953)
A 5,000.0
A 500.0 Webb (1937)
A 1,000.0
D 2.1 Bowen (1966)
Arrow worm
Sagltta elegans
CTEIJOPHORA
Ccrcb jelly
Beroe cucumis
TUNICATA
N.E. United
States
whole
A 130.0
A 115.0
Nicholls et
al. (1959)
Tuni cate
Salpa fusiform!s
FORAMINIFERA
hard
tissue
A 50.0
D 500.0 Bowen (1966)
158
-------
(1)
BORON IN HIGHER PI.ANTS
(2)
Species
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Pickel weed
Allenrolfea sd.
Russia
Sagebrush
Artemisia tridentata
Nevada
Greenhouse
" (on high E
soil)
Locoweed
Astragalus lentieinosus
greennouse
(1)
(2)
Absorbs large quantities Buyalov &
of B in desert basin Shvyryayeva
brines. Used for prospect- (1961)
ins; for B.
leaf
stem
leaf
stem
leaf
whole
leaf
leaf
stem
D 73-0
D 20.0
Wallace &
Romney
(1972)
D (^5.0-62.0)
D (21.0-5k.O)
D (37.0-71+.0)
D (13^.0-250.0)
D (87.0-156.0)
D 107.0
D U6.0
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable,
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A in-icates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
159
-------
Saltbush
Atriplex canescens
Nevada
greenhouse
stem
D ll+.O
Wallace &
Rodney
(1972)
Saltbush
AtriDlex confertifolia
»?
leaf
D
bO.O
(on high B
soil)
II
D
(52.0-62.0)
(nutrient
soln.)
ft
D
(23.0-U0.0)
tl
stem
D
(9.0-19.0)
1!
root
D
(3.0-21.0)
(field grown)
leaf
D
(60.0-106.0)
(with salts)
IT
D
(23^.0-680.0)
tt
stem
D
(L1.0-9U.0)
M
root
D
(1+9.0-129.0)
greenhouse
leaf
D
37.0
TT
stem
D
1U.0
(nutrient
soln.)
leaf
D
(lU.0-32.0)
11
stem
D
(27.0-^6.0)
IT
root
D
(lU.0-23.0)
cutting
D
(109.0-160.0)
(grown on
soil)
leaf
D
(Uo.0-90.0)
(low salt)
TT
D
(39.0-^1.0)
(high salt)
D (36.0-^3.0)
160
-------
Saltbush
Atriolex hvmenelytra
Nevada
greenhouse
M tl
" (in NaCl)
m tt
ft ti
" (field grown)
" (in B solns.)
leaf
stem
leaf
stem
root
leaf
root
stem
leaf
Saltbush, desert holly
Atriolex pol.ycaroa " greenhouse
Swiss chard
Beta vulgaris cicla
stem
leaf
Watershield
Brasenia schreberi
Maryland
" (on sludge-
amended soil)
Pennsylvania whole
Cabbage
Brassica oleracea capitata
Hickory
Carya sdd.
Maryland
(control)
(grown in soil
& fly ash)
Tennessee branch
Hornwort
Ceratoohyllun demersum Pennsylvania whole
Wallace &
D U6.0 Romney (1972)
D 2^.0
D (£7.0-1+6.0)
D (lU.0-25.0)
D 13.0
D (192.0-1,588.0) "
D (39.0-61.0)
D (23.0-103.0)
D (22.0-155.0)
D 93.0
D 12.0
D (38.O-UO.O) Furr et al,
(1976)'
D (UO.0-^2.0)
D 35.0 Adams et al.
(1973)
Furr et al.
D 21.0
(1977)
D (16.0-1^5.0)
D (7-70) Van Hcok et
al. (197^)
D (25.0-62.0) Adams et
al. (1973)
161
-------
Rabbit brush
Chrysothamnus nauseosus Nevada
greenhouse leaf
Rabbis brush
Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus
M I!
(field)
Blackbrush
Coleog.yne ramosissi.ua
Dodder
Cuscuta nevadensis
Tansy mustard
Descurainia oinnata
Needle spike rush
Eleocharis acicularis
Blunt spike rush
Eleocharis obtusa
Waterweed
Elodea canadensis
Waterveed
Elodea nuttalli
Mormon tea
Eohedra funerea
Mormon tea
Ephedra nevadensis
Mormon tea
Ephedra torrevana
" (grown on
high B
soil)
Nevada
stem
leaf
stem
leaf
stem
leaf
whole
greenhouse top
Pennsylvania whole
shoot
Wallace &
Romney
(1972)
D 1S9.O
D 22.0
D 178.0
D 52.0
D (22.0-50.0)
D (13.O-U9.0)
D (UU.0-78.0)
D (2^.0-30.0)
D 61.0
D (25.0-60.0) Adams et
al. (1973
D (18.0-20.0)
D (22.0-UU.0)
D (35.0-U5.0)
D (12.0-lU.O)Wallace &
Romney
(1972)
D (9-0-55.0)
D (21.0-23.0)
162
-------
Mormon tea
Ephedra viridis
Winterfat
Eurotia ceratoides
Winterfat
Eurotia lanata
Nevada
shoot
Burro bush
Franseria dumosa
Russia
" (grown in
field)
" (high B
soi l)
" (in field)
n it
greenhouse
1! Tt
" (in high B
soil)
" (field)
" (in solns.
of B)
" (field)
I! tr
D (15.0-29.0) Wallace &
Romney
(1977)
Used for prospecting
for B
Buyalov &
Shvyrvayeva
(1961)
Nevada
greenhouse leaf
stem
leaf
stem
leaf
stem
plant
leaf
root
stem
leaf
ri
stem
Wallace &
D 101.0 Ronney
(1972)
D 9.0
D (U3.O-IOU.O)
D (15U.0-278.0) "
D (1^9.0-279.0)
D (17.0-28.0)
D 353.0
D 30.O
D (209.0-31^.0) "
D (31.0-362.0) "
D (70.0-270.0)
D (22.0-U01.0)
D (53.0-973.0)
D 178.6iSD 65.1 "
D U6.0±SD 19.5
163
-------
Spiny hop sage
Grayia soinosa
Nevada
(grown in
field)
(in high B
soil)
" (field)
tf tt
If IT
ft If
Creeping Saint Johns wort
Hypericum adoressura Pennsylvania
Riverbank quillwort
Isoetes riparia
Bog rush
Juncus effusus
leaf
stem
leaf
stem
¦whole
Wallace &
Romney (1972)
D (I+3.O-96.O)
D (36.O-76.O)
D (28.5-36.5)
D (11+.2-20.6)
D 50. USD 18.1
D 2U.2±SD 9.3
D 18.0
D 26.3
Adams et al.
(1973)
D (11.3-22.3)
Rush
Juncus sp.
Krameria
Krameria parvifolia
Larch
Larix occidentalis
Russia
Juniper
Junioerus osteosoerma Nevada
Cedar
Junioerus virginianus Missouri
Nevada
United States
absorbs large quantities Buyalov &
of B, used for prospecting Shvyryayeva
(1972)
leaf
or?, nc.i
Lea:
stem
D 2k.0 Wallace &
Romney (1972)
D (lli.0-16.0) Connor et
al. (1970)
j i'^O-o-5. ; Wallace &
Romney
(1972)
D (18.0-1+3.0)
Used for prospecting
for 3
Carlisle &
Cleveland
(1953)
164
-------
Creosote bush
Larrea divaricata
Nevada
greenhouse
leaf
stem
" (field grown) leaf
" (in high B
soil)
" (field)
Statice
Limonium suffruticosum Russia
Tulip poplar
Liriodendron tuliDifera Tennessee
Ludwigia
Ludwigia palustris anericana
Pennsylvania
Box thorn
Lyeiun andersonii
Nevada
greenhouse
(field)
shoot
stem
Wallace'
D 66.0 Romney
(1972)
D 10.0
D (68.0-192.0)
D (56.0-205.0)
D (52.8-156.0)
D (2!+.7-69.0)
Used for prospecting for Buyalov &
B Shvyryayevs
(1961)
branch
(field)
' (grown in
high 3 soil)
(in nutrient
solns.)
whole
leaf
stem
leaf
stem
root
leaf
stem
D (5-10) Van Hook el
al. (197^)
D 31.3
Adams et
al. (1973)
Wallace
D 163.O Romney
(1972)
D 7.0
D (9.0-2b.0)
D (57.0-123.0)
D (33.0-93.0)
D (26.0-131.0)
D (9.0-19.0)
D (25.0-7^.0)
D 83.^-SD 23.7
D 2^.3-SD 12.6
165
-------
Box thorn
Lyciun pallidum
Boxthorn
Lycium shockleyi
Sweet clover
Melilotus so.
Nevada
(field)
(in high
B soil)
" (field)
tf It
it n
United States
Water milfoil
Myriophyllum brasiliense
Water milfoil
Myriophyllum exalbescens
Water milfoil
Myriophyllum farwelli
Threadlike naias
Naias gracillima
Yellow pond lily
Nunhar aavena
Yellow pond lily
Nuphar variegatum
White water lily
Nymphaea tuberosa
Indian rice grass
Oryzoosis hyaenoides
Nevada
greenhouse
" (field)
Reed canarygrass
Phalaris arundinacea Pennsylvania
Lodgepole pine
Pinus contorta
United States
leaf
stem
leaf
Wallace &
D (60.0- Romney (1972)
lOO.o)
D (7^.0-201.0)
D 63.9-SD 12.7
D 22.9-SD 9.9
D (M.0-50.0)
Used for prospecting for B Carlisle &
Cleveland
(1958)
Pennsylvania whole
D 36.O
Adams et
al. (1973)
D (25.0-U2.0)
D 53.6
D U5.6
D 31.0
D (23.0-30.0)
D 30.3
top
leaf
whole
D 73.0
D (37.0-U2.0)
Wallace &
Romney (1972)
D 11.3
Used for prospecting
for B
Adams et al.
(1973)
Carlisle &
Cleveland
(1953)
166
-------
Shortleaf pine
Pinus echinata
Tennessee branch D (3—50) Van Hook et
al. (197*0
Riverweed
Podostemcn ceratop'nvllum
Pennsylvania whole D UU.3
Adams et
al. (1973)
Knotweed
Polygonum amphibian stipulaceum
D kl.b
Aspen
Populus tremuloiies United States Used for prospecting
for B
Black cottonwood
Populus trichocarpa
Pondweed
Potamogeton amplifolius Pennsylvania
Pondweed
Potamogeton crispus
Pondweed
Potamogeton epibydrus nuttellii
Pond weed
Potanogeton filifornis boreali s
Pond weed
Potamogeton gramineus
Pond weed
Potanogeton illinoensis
Sago pondweed
Potanogeton pectinatus
Pond weed
Potanogeton richardsonii
Pond weed
Potanogeton robbinsii
Pond weed
Potamogeton zosteriformis
whole
Carlisle &
Cleveland
(1958)
D 35.6 Adams et
al. (1973)
D (18.0-50.0)
D (51.6-56.O)
D lUi.c
D Hi.6
D (30.0-55.0)
D 170.0
D 38.O
D 1+0.6
D (33.0-3^.0)
167
-------
Chestnut oak
Que reus prinus
Tennessee
Buttercup
Ranunculus longirostris
branch
D (20-80) Van Hook et
al. (197*0
Pennsylvania whole
D 53.0
Adams et
al. (1973)
Arrowhead
Sagittaria subulata
D (50.6-67.3)
Glasswort
Salicornia herbacea
Severe changes occur in Cannon (l97l)
plants growing on high
B soils, used for prospect-
ing for B
Saltwort
Salsola nitraria
Russia
Used as B indicator
plant in prospecting.
Grows in soils with up
to 36$ 3.
Buyalov &
Shvyryayeva
(1961)
Lizards tail
Saururus cernuus
Pennsylvania whole
D 57.0 Adams et al.
(1973)
Three-square
Scirpus americanus
Great bulrush
Scirpus validus creber
D 16.3
D 16.3
Soolpolallie
Sheonerdia canadensis United States
Used for prospectin;
for B
Carlisle &
Cleveland
(1953)
Squirreltail
Sitanion hystrix
Nevada
too
D 23.0
Wallace &
Romney (1972)
Bur-reed
Sqarsanium anericanum Pennsylvania
whole
D (18.C-70.0) Adams et
al. (1973)
Globe mallow
So'naeralcea ambigua Nevada
leaf
D (89.8-159.0) Wallace &
Romney
(1972)
stem
D (13.5-24.7)
168
-------
Wire gr3.ss
Sporobolus spp.
Stanleya
Stanleya pinnata
Spanish moss
Tillandsia usneoides
Cattail
Typha latifolia
Bladderwort
Utricularia vulgaris
Eel grass
Vallisneria americana
Speedwell
Veronica scutellata
Yucca
Yucca brevifolia
United States
Nevada
Pennsylvania
B detected in all
samples in salt sick,
marginal & healthy areas.
Rusoff (1937)
leaf
United States whole
Nevada
" (grown in
high B soil)
leaf
shoot
D 57.0 Wallace &
Romney (1972)
A (70.0-300.0) Shacklette &
geom. mean Connor (1973)
150.0
D (15.0-30.0) Adams et al.
(1973)
D 37.6
D (38.0-55.0)
D U2.c
D (11.0-21.0) Wallace &
Romney
(1972)
D (38.O-U6.O)
Yucca
Yucca schidiaera
greenhouse • top
" (grown in
high B soil) shoot
" whole
" (seedling) top
It tl
root
" (irrad. &
grown in
high B soil) shoot
D 31.0
D (26.0-108.0)
D (20.0-25.0)
D 30.0
D 11.0
D 67.0-321.0)
169
-------
"Plants"
A HOO
Vinogradov
(1953)
Ave. of over
100 sp. of plants
"Plants"
Pteridophytes
Gymnos perns
Angiosperms
growing on
unmineralized
ground
Florida
A 700
Present in all species
of plants tested.
D 77.0 (ave.)
D 63.O
D 50.0
Cannon (i960)
Carrigan &
Rogers
(19^0)
Bowen (1966)
170
-------
(1)
BORON IN ALGAE
Species
(2)
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Ascoohyllum nodosum
Fucus serratus
Fucus vesicuiosus
Marine algae
p species
"Red algae"
"Brown algae"
OTHER PLANTS
Bacteria
Fungi
Bryophytes
D to 100.0 Oy (19I4O)
Igelsrud et
D (U.2-1U.9) al. (193S)
hard tissue D 60.0
D 120.0
Bower, (i960)
D 5.5 (aye.)
D 5.0
D 20.0
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not. applicable.
" indicates questionable data.
W5 D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single nurber
indicates a single determination or mean., (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the nean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gran.
171
-------
CADMIUM IN MAMMALS
(1)
Species
Locality
Tissue
a i • (2)
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Moose
Alces alces gigas
Short-tailed shrew
Blarina brevicauda
Alaska
hair
D (0.2-1.6) Flynn et
0.8 al. (1975)
Cd was 2 X
higher in July-
Oct. than Nov.-
June in 3-yr.
period "
hair
hoof
D (1.0-1.4)
D (0.7-0.8)
Flynn &
Franzmann
(1974)
Longtailed field mouse
Apodemus sylvaticus
Great Britain liver
kidney
" " testes
W (<0.01-0.28) Jefferies &
French
(1976)
W (<0.01-0.77)
W (CO.01-6.34)? "
whole body W (0.06-0.14)
New Hampshire
(1)
(2)
W 0.4-SD 0.01 Schlesinger
& Potter
(1974)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
172
-------
Short-tailed shrew
Blarina brevicauda
Cow
Bos bovis
II II
II II
If II
II II
If If
II II
It If
II If
II II
II II
II (I
II II
II II
II II
II II
Ohio
Missouri
leg W (0.07-0.63) Curnow et
al. (1977)
liver W (ND-1.29)
Cattle exposed to Cd from Dorn et al.
lead smelter and trucking (1974)
Pb concentrate:
exposed cattle
on test farm:
fall, hair W 1.29
winter, " W 1.74 "
spring, " W 2.80 "
summer, " W 0.67 "
unexposed cattle
on control farm:
fall, hair W 0.06 "
winter, " W 0.13
spring, 11 W 0.05 "
summer, " W 0.04 "
Cd in cattle hair in terminal
summer sample was 12 X higher
than control. "
Missouri
dist. from
smelter (km):
Dorn et al.
(1973)
If II
0.8 liver
" 72.4
(control)
II II
0.8 kidney
" " 72.4
(control)
W 0.9
W 0.24
W 3.7
W 1.4
If II
0.8 diaphragm W 0.1
173
I
-------
Cow
Bos bovis
ft fl
tt tf
fl If
ft If
ft fl
If tl
II ff
ft tf
ft ff
ff tf
tf tf
ff ft
If ff
If ft
ft tt
If ff
Missouri
dist. from
smelter (km):
" " 72.4 diaphragm
(control)
" " 0.8 milk
" " 72.4
(control)
Montana
(near Pb
smelter) milk
" " patella
bone
liver
muscle
Dorn et al.
(1973)
ff ff
tl tt
24.1 km from
Zn smelter liver
tf ft
tf ff
ff tf
kidney
liver
kidney
United States
Germany
leg
muscle
liver
milk
kidney
W 0.1 "
W (0.002-0.0042)
W (0.003-0.0043)
Lewis
(1972)
W 0.02
W 1.4
W 0.2
W 0.4
W (0.2-0.43)
0.34
W (1.03-2.31)
1.67
W (0.33-1.4)
0.76
W (1.53-5.7)
3.04
W (0.22-1.0)
Munshower
(1972)
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1961)
W 0.024
W (0.16-0.2)
W (0.017-0.030)Murthy &
Rhea (1968)
(to 40.0)12.0 Kropf &
Geldmacher
(1968)
174
-------
Cow
Bos bovis
If fl
United States milk
Romania
.W (0.017-0.041) Pinkerton
0.025 med. et al.
muscle W 0.060
(1972)
Rautu &
Sporn
(1970)
fl If
ft fl
Japan
Texas
W 0.054
Ishazaki
et al.
(1970)
liver W 0.22-SD 0.04 Horowitz &
Presley
(1977)
ft ff
Kansas
milk
W (0.0013-
0.0054)
Lagerwerff
& Brower
(1974)
It fl
Japan
muscle W 0.052
Yamagata &
Shigematsu
(1970)
ft ff
liver
W 0.22
fl ff
United States
(1000 cattle) liver
W (0.02-3.17) USDA
0.231 (1971)
ft ff
fl ff
muscle W (0.01-0.90)
0.086
fl If
tt ft
kidney W (0.01-7.82)
0.509
ff fl
Czechoslovakia milk W 0.01
Lener &
Bibr (1970)
ff ff
Germany kidney
(control area)
W 4.7-SD 3.4
Anke et
al. (1976)
tt fl
Germany
(Cd emission
area)
W 29.0-SD 22.0
If ff .
Washington,
D. C. milk
W (0.0031-0.0048)Lagerwerff
0.0044 & Brower
(1974)
i / D
-------
Northern fur seal
Callorhinus ursinus
Dog
Canis familiaris
Coyote
Canis latrans
Washington
coast
Vermont
kidney
(fetus &
1 yr.) W (0.1-6.9)
kidney
(3-20 yr.) W (0.2-15.6)5.2
liver
(fetus &
1 yr.) W (0.5-0.9)
liver
(3-20 yr.) W (1.1-4.6)1.7
Anas
(1974)
liver
United States
W 0.59
kidney W 1.47
W 0.36
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Goat
Capra americana
" D 2.7
" duodenum D 2.5
Miller et
al. (1969)
liver
D 1.6
Germany
(fed 500 ppm kidney
Cd) (male)
Anke et
al. (1976)
If II II
If II II
If If II
II II M
11 If If
kidney
(female)
liver
(male)
liver
(female)
heart
muscle
(male)
heart
muscle
(female)
W 853.0
W 443.0
W 84.0
W 48.0
W 4.7
W 2.4
176
-------
Roe deer
Gapreolus capreolus
Germany
(Cd emission
area)
kidney
W
32.0
Guinea pig
Cavia porcellus
United States
liver
D
(1.8-2.4)
II II
II II
kidney
D
(6.2-10.6)
II It
II II
muscle
D
(0.05-0.1)
II If
II It
adrenal
D
(0.05-0.09)
II II
II II
spleen
D
(0.11-0.19)
II II
United States
(control)
kidney
D
6.2
II II
United States
(fed swiss
chard grown on
sludge forti-
fied soil) "
D
(7.4-10.6)
Elk
Cervus sp.
Finland
liver
D
1.5
II II
It
kidney
D
8.05
II II
II
muscle
D
0.59
Columbia ground squirrel
Citellus columbianus Montana
liver
W
(0.2-1.4)
II II
IT
kidney
W
(1.4-4.0)
Bank vole
Clethrionomys glareolus Great Britain whole body W 0.12
" D 0.45
liver W <0.01
kidney W 0.72
Anke et
al. (1976)
Furr et
al. (1976)
II
II
II
II
ir
fi
Jaakola et
al. (1971)
II
II
Gordon
(1972)
II
Jefferies &
French
(1976)
II
II
177
-------
Common dolphin
Delphinus delphis
Sea otter
Enhydra lutris
Horse
Equus caballus
New Zealand liver
California kidney
Montana
(control) mane
Montana
(near smelter)
Montana
dist. from
W (0.21-1.55)
Koeman et
al. (1973)
D (89.0-300.0) in
Anderlini
(1974)
W (0.2-0.6)0.3 Lewis
(1972)
W (0.6-9.6)1.8
smelter
(mi):
" NE
2.9
" W
9.0
" E
2.6
W
2.9
" SSE
1.0
w
2.4
11 NW
1.4
w
2.2
" N
1.0
w
2.2
" W
3.0
" w
1.7
" E
2.9
w
1.4
11 NNW
1.9
w
1.3
11 WNW
7.6
w
1.3
" E
4.7
w
1.0
Proximity of stacks of
the
correlates with increased levels of
Cd in horse manes and are consistent
with Cd in soil and pasture grass.
3 yr. old horse died,
toxic levels of Cd:
" kidney
" bone
W (228.0-410.0)
319.0
W 1.0
178
-------
Horse
Equus caballus
Montana
3 yr. old horse
died, toxic
levels of Cd:
Lewis
(1972)
Wales
(Smelter
area)
ii ii
Porcupine
Erethizon dorsatum Vermont
Bearded seal
Erignathus barbatus Alaska
liver
spleen
lung
heart
flank
muscle
W 80.0
W 4.1
W (0.6-1.6)1.1
W 0.4
W 3.9
kidney
(normal) W 35.0
liver
(normal) W 1.6
lung
(normal) W <0.1
kidney
(affected) W 330.0
liver
(affected) W 7.5
lung
(affected) W 0.3
heart
W 0.35
kidney
liver
muscle
W 43.4-19.7
W 11.1-10.2
W 0.222-0.292
Goodman &
Roberts
(1971)
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Buhler &
Mate (1973)
179
-------
Gray seal
Halichoerus grypus
Oregon
coast kidney
Great Britain
Dusky dolphin
Lagenomorphus obscurus
New Zealand liver
W 22.0
Buhler et
al. (1975)
Cd accumulated Heppleston
with age in & French
kidney (1973)
W (0.21-1.55) Koeman et
al. (1973)
Woodchuck
Marino ta monax
Field vole
Microtus agrestis
Ohio
Sweden
(smelter
area)
liver
kidney
W ND
Lynch
(1973)
Westermark
et al.
D (0.17-3.9)1.09 (1974)
Mouse
Mus musculus
Sweden
hair (44 days
after injection
of Cd)
W 0.00011-
0.00005
Nordberg &
Nishiyami
(1972)
hair (112
days after
injection
of Cd)
W 0.00007-
0.000033
United States commercial
grown,
kidney
W 0.01-0.3
Schroeder
et al.
(1964)
controls,
kidney
w 0.0
Weasel
Mustela nivalis
Montana
kidney
W 1.87
Munshower
(1972)
Mink
Mustela vison
Ohio
leg bone W ND
Lynch
(1973)
White-tailed deer
Odocoilus virginiensis
Vermont
kidney
W 2.07
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
180
-------
White-tailed deer
Odocoilus virginiensis Vermont
Domestic rabbit
Oryctolagus cuniculus
Sheep
Ovis aries
Tennessee
Ohio
Montana
(near Pb
smelter)
it ii ii
ii ii it
M II II
fat
brain
kidney
liver
muscle
brain
kidney
leg
muscle
liver
leg bone
feral,
liver
feral,
kidney
control,
liver
lamb
liver
W 0.12
W 0.08
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
W (2.1-11.7) Schroeder
& Balassa
(1961)
W 0.35-0.74)
W (ND-0.39) Devendorf
0.07 (1975)
W (ND-0.32)0.02 "
W 0.12-0.17 Lynch
(1973)
W 0.7-0.74
W 0.09-0.08
W 0.27-0.27
W 0.56-0.11
W (3.9-5.8)5.1
Gordon
(1972)
W (19.0-61.0)35.6
W 0.1
control,
kidney W 0.3
United States lamb
kidney W 0.14
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1961)
W 0.14
181
-------
Sheep
Ovis aries
M M
II If
II II
White-footed mouse
Peromyscus leucopus
Deer mouse
Peromyscus m.
maniculatus
Harbor seal
Phoca vitulina
richardi
United States lamb
muscle
Germany
(non-smelter
area) kidney
II II II
liver
Germany
(smelter
area) kidney
II II
liver
W 0.015
W (1.4-2.8)
W (0.51-0.72)
W (12.0-40.0)
W (2.8-3.5)
Ohio
(strip mine
area) leg
II II
Ohio
(non-strip
mine area)
It II
" liver
leg
liver
W (0.02-0.69)
medians
W (ND-1.1)
medians
W (0.12-0.4)
medians
W (0.02-0.22)
medians
New England whole body W 0.4-SD 0.01
California
coast
Harbor seal, common seal
Phoca vitulina Netherlands
Great Britain blood
" " spleen
" " heart
(0.01-0.76)
0.116
(0.05-0.3)
W 0.02-0.01
W 0.1^0.05
W 0.03-0.01
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1961)
Anke et
al. (1976)
Curnow et
al. (1977)
Schlesinger
& Potter
(1974)
Roberts et
al. (1975)
Koeman et
al. (1973)
Hamilton
(1976)
182
-------
Harbor seal, common seal
Phoca vitulina Great Britain muscle
Hamilton
(1976)
" kidney
liver
If
kidney
" " brain
liver
West Scotland "
kidney
spleen
brain
muscle
claw
rib
East Anglia liver
kidney
Great Britain liver,
mother
" " liver,
foetus
kidney,
mother
" " kidney,
foetus
Heppleston
& French
(1973)
Roberts et
al. (1976)
Harbor porpoise
Phocoena phocoena
North Sea
liver
W 0.2-0.1
W 10.0-9.0
W 0.8-0.7
(2.2-22.0)
<1.0
<1.0
W (0.2-1.1)
W (0.1-1.9)
W 0.13-SD 0.06
W 0.15-SD 0.16
W 0.13-SD 0.06
W 0.52-SD 0.33
W 0.41-SD 0.33
W (0.2-0.8)
W (0.1-0.6)
W 0.72
W 0.19
W 1.54
W 0.14
W (0.05-1.2) Koeman et
al. (1973)
ft ft
brain
W (vl0.01-0.15)
183
-------
Rat
Rattus rattus
Gray squirrel
Sciurus carolinensis
Red squirrel
Sciurus hudsonicus
Squirrels
Sciurus carolinensis
& hudsonicus
Surinam dolphin
Sotalia guianensis
United States kidney
W 0.0
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1961)
Vermont
Florida
kidney
W 3.62
kidney, W (3.91-14.93)
urban, 1 yr.
McKinnon et
al. (1976)
" 2 " w 15.9
" " 3 " W 15.9
kidney,
rural
area,
2 yrs.
United States kidney
liver
W (2.04-4.63)
W (7.97-17.35)
W (0.8-2.03)
W 0.73
Ohio
brain
kidney
W 0.086-0.06
W 1.99-2.4
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1961)
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Lynch
(1973)
leg muscle W 0.22-0.18
liver
W 0.92-0.89
leg bone W 0.71-0.46
Surinam
liver
W (0.02-0.058)
Columbian ground squirrel
Spermophilus columbianus
Montana
(control)
immature,
liver W 0.11
Koeman et
al. (1973)
Munshower
(1972)
184
-------
Columbian ground squirrel
Spermophilus columbianus
Montana
Pig
Sus scrofa
11 M
it rt
It ll
ii ll
ri ii
mature,
(control) liver
Munshower
(1972)
ii ii
immature,
kidney
mature,
kidney
Montana
(24 km from immature,
Zn smelter) liver
II II II
If II II
II II II
Montana
(near Pb
smelter)
If II If
Montana
mature,
liver
immature,
kidney
mature,
kidney
liver
kidney
Montana
(control) liver
liver
" kidney
Montana
(24.1 km from
Zn smelter) liver
" kidney
United States kidney
" " muscle
liver
W 0.25
W 0.23
W 1.18
W 0.29
W 0.7
W 0.99
W 3.74
W 1.4
W 4.0
W 0.02
W 0.2
W 0.8
W (0.2-0.43)
W (0.71-2.77)
W (0.15-0.6)
W 0.025
W (0.1-0.2)
Gordon
(1972)
Lewis
(1972)
Munshower
(1972)
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1961)
185
-------
Pig
Sus scrofa
ft 11
If I!
II II
It fl
II II
II II
tl II
United States muscle
Czechoslovakia liver &
kidney
W 0.25
Romania
Japan
muscle
Montana
muscle
liver
heart
liver
kidney
Eastern cottontail
Sylvilagus floridanus United States kidney
W 0.034
W 0.016
W 0.032
W 0.080
W 0.1
W 0.2
W 0.8
W 3.58
Ohio
liver W 0.3
leg muscle W 0.09
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Lener &
W (0.16-1.59) Bibr (1969)
Rautu &
Sporn
(1970)
Ishazaki
et al.
(1970)
Yamagata &
Shigematsu
(1970)
Lewis
(1972)
Gordon
(1972)
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1961)
Bachant &
Schumann
(1971)
kidney W 1.3 "
brain W (ND-0.65) Lynch
0.25*0.19 (1973)
kidney W (0.018-13.47)
1.61-2.17
leg muscle W (ND-0.52)
0.084*0.11
liver W (0.03-1.19)
0.414*0.39
186
-------
Eastern cottontail
Sylvilagus floridanus
Mountain cottontail
Sylvilagus nuttallii
Rabbit
Ohio
Montana
(near Pb
smelter)
tt H If
Germany
leg bone W (0.26-3.59) Lynch
1.0+0.67 (1973)
liver W (ND-2.13)0.12 Devendorf
(1975)
muscle W (ND-Q.181)0.04 "
liver
kidney
kidney
liver
W 9.1
W 53.0
W 0.6
W 0.6
Gordon
(1972)
Kropf &
Geldmacher
(1968)
Badger
Taxidea taxus
Montana
Bottle-nosed dolphin
Tursiops truncatus fed North
Sea fish
liver
W 2.04
Munshower
(1972)
Koeman et
W (0.05-0.3) al. (1973)
Gray fox
Urocyon cinearoargenteus
Ohio
Red fox
Vulpes vulpes
Montana
Ohio
Sweden
smelter
area
Sweden
leg muscle W 0.065
leg bone W 0.56
kidney W 1.35
leg muscle W (ND-0.08)
leg bone W (0.44-0.64)
kidney D (2.6-11.2)
6.0
muscle D (0.04-0.15)
0.08
Lynch
(1973)
Munshower
(1972)
Lynch
(1973)
Westermark
et al.
(1974)
187
-------
California sea lion
Zalophus californianus
liver
W 6.0
in Anas
(1974)
Walrus
Whale
kidney
Oregon coast
1970 kidney
liver
" muscle
1971 kidney
" liver
11 muscle
1973 heart
" kidney
" liver
" muscle
California kidney
Alaska
liver,
mother
kidney,
mother
kidney
liver
muscle
muscle
W 60.0
W 0.7-13.98
W 2.35-1.17
W 0.076-0.033
W (11.5-l2.0)means
W (2.29-3.46) "
W (0.069-0.16) "
W 0.14-0.05
W 1.22-2.11
W 1.61-0.16
W 0.085-0.013
D (18.0-63.0)
Buhler et
al. (1975)
D (4.3-90.0)
10.0
D (68.0-569.0)
97.0
W 51.6-35.5
W 7.70-1.31
W 0.445-0.311
W (0.25-0.4)
0.33
m
Anderlini
(1974)
Martin
et al.
(1976)
Buhler &
Mate (1973)
Ishazaki
et al.
(1970)
188
-------
CADMIUM IN BIRDS
(1)
Species
Locality
Tissue
a i • (2)
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Coopers Hawk
Accipiter cooperi
Mallard
Anas platyrhynchos
Black duck
Anas rubripes
White-fronted goose
Anser albifrons
Great blue heron
Ardea herodias
Arizona
Alberta
New York
ff fl
Alberta
New York
ff ff
Alberta
Ohio
egg
feather
liver
muscle
feather
liver
muscle
feather
breast
muscle
W 0.12-SE 0.023 Snyder et
al. (1973)
in 20 of 24 eggs,
limits of detection
0.015-0.024
D 0.01
<2.0
<2.0
D <0.01
<2.0
<2.0
D 0.01
Kelsall
(1970)
Baker et
al. (1976)
Kelsall
(1970)
Baker et
al. (1976)
W (ND-1.98)
(1)
(2)
Kelsall
(1970)
Hoffman &
Curnow
(1973)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean, i Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
189
-------
Great blue heron
Ardea herodias
Lesser scaup
Aythya affinis
Ohio
Alberta
Greater scaup
Aythya marila nearctica New York
Canvasback
Aythya valisineria
Ruffed grouse
Bonasa umbellus
Canada goose
Branta canadensis
Great horned owl
Bubo virginianus
Vermont
United
States
Ohio
New York
II II
Ohio
liver
feather
liver
muscle
brain
liver
muscle
brain
liver
liver
W ND
D CO.01
2.0
< 2.0
< 2.0
4.0
<2.0
4.0
W 0.88
W 2.04
kidney W 51.35?
leg muscle W <0.001
liver
muscle
brain
<2.0
(C2.0-2.36)
2.0
leg muscle W 0.045
Hoffman &
Curnow
(1973)
Kelsall
(1970)
Baker et
al. (1976)
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1961)
Lynch
(1973)
Baker et
al. (1976)
Lynch
(1973)
190
-------
Bufflehead
Bucephala albeola
American egret
Casmerodius albus
Guillemot
Cephus sp.
11 ii
White ibis
Eudocinus albus
Common puffin
Fratercula arctica
N.W. Atlantic muscle D (0.3-0.4) Windom
(1972)
New York muscle
M II
Ohio
liver
breast
muscle
S. Florida egg
Great Britain liver
ii ii ti
S. Florida
" " muscle
I» If _ ^ _
egg
Great Britain
Angus liver
Great Britain,
Aberdeen "
Great Britain,
Northumb "
Great Britain,
Fames "
Great Britain
St. Kilda
Great Britain,
Clo Mor "
<2.0
(<2.0-2.0)
W ND
W CO.05
D (0.1-13.0)
D (0.2-12.0)
W 0.05
W 9.0
W (<0.5-0.5)
D 5.5
D 6.8
D (2.9-7.5)
D 8.4
D 12.9
D 22.3
Baker et
al. (1976)
Hoffman &
Curnow
(1973)
Ogden et
al. (1974)
Holdgate
(1970)
Ogden et
al. (1974)
Parslow et
al. (1972)
(The St. Kilda and Clo Mor breeding populations
were declining. No other levels of pollutants
were high.) 1
191
-------
Chicken
Gallus domesticus
United
States
Montana
United
States
Germany
liver
muscle
egg yolk
muscle
wing
egg
muscle
Germany, fed
200 ppm Cd
daily
femur
feather
kidney
liver
egg
muscle
femur
feather
kidney
liver
egg
W trace
W 2.0
W 0.15
W 0.06
W 0.31
W 0.09
0.039-0.088
0.61
5.07
0.07
13.57
3.20
0.46
1.23
6.42
0.34
632.0
245.0
0.37
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1961)
Lewis
(1972)
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
USHEW
(1975)
Anke et
al. (1970)
Czechoslovakia egg yolk W 0.120-SE
0.005
Lener &
Bibr
(1971)
192
-------
Chicken
Gallus domesticus
Czechoslovakia egg white W 0.076-SE
0.004
Romania
Japan
egg
muscle
egg
Bald eagle
Haliaeetus leucocephalus
Herring gull
Larus argentatus
United States
Great Britain egg
Lesser black-backed gull
Larus fuscus fuscus 11
Norway
muscle
liver
kidney
Hoo.led merganser
Lop:iodytes cucullatus N.W. Atlantic muscle
Whi :e-winged scoter
Mel.initta deglandi
New York
tf II
liver
muscle
Red- breasted merganser
Mer;;us serrator N.W. Atlantic
W 0.021
W 0.52
liver W 0.53
viscera W 0.20
muscle W 0.027
W 0.015
ND
W (0.03-0.06)
W 0.06
D 1.0
D 4.0
D 10.0
D (<0.1-0.3)
«2.0-2.0)
< 2.0
D (0.1-0.2)
Lener &
Bibr(1971)
Rautu &
Sporn
(1970)
Yamagata &
Shigematsu
(1970)
Ishizaki et
al. (1970)
Krantz et
al. (1970)
Peden et
al. (1973)
Lande
(1977)
Windom
(1972)
Baker et
al. (1976)
Windom
(1972)
193
-------
Black-crowned night heron
Nycticorax nycticorax Ohio
brain
W ND
Hoffman &
Curnow
(1973)
feather W ND
Wilson's petrel
Oceanites oceanicus Hallet,
Antarctica liver
D 20.3-5.8
Anderlini
et al.
(1972)
breast
muscle
bone
D 3.67-2.14
D 0.86-0.35
Palmer,
Antarctica
liver
D 20.7-4.9
breast
muscle
D 3.25-0.97
bone
D 1.42-0.42
Ashy petrel
Oceanodroma homochroa
California
coast
liver
D 53.2-20.5
breast
muscle
D 8.0-4.52
bone
D 1.88-0.85
Snow petrel
Oceanodroma sp.
Antarctic liver
D 27.7-12.2
breast
muscle
D 5.57-1.88
bone
D 0.88-0.17
Ruddy duck
Oxyura jamaicensis
New Jersey liver
W (0.27-1.6) White &
0.61-SE 0.15 Kaiser
(1976)
II It
liver,
adult
W (0.51-1.60)
II It
liver,
immature
W (0.27-0.41)
194
-------
Osprey
Pandion haliaetus
S. Florida egg
W <0.05
Brown pelican
Pelecanus occidentalis Florida
coast
Cormorant
Phalacrocorax auritus
Pheasant
Phasianus colchicus
California
coast
United
States
Ohio
liver
breast
muscle
bone
liver
breast
muscle
bone
egg
S. Florida
S. Carolina "
Florida "
S. Carolina liver
Florida
Georgia "
S. Florida egg
liver
breast
muscle
Ogden et
al. (1974)
Connors et
W (1.32-2.39)1.8 al. (1972)
W (0.25-0.32)0.275 "
W (1.38-1.66)1.66
W (0.62-13.62)4.95 "
W (0.24-0.64)0.392 "
W (1.08-1.96)1.52
W <0.05
Ogden et
al. (1974)
W (0.002-0.008) Blus et
0.004 geom. al. (1977)
mean
W (0.003-0.011)
0.004
W (0.01-0.02)
W (0.21-1.06)
W 0.03
W 0.05
W 0.9
W <0.087 mean
Ogden et
al. (1974)
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1961)
Bachant &
Schumann
(1971)
liver
W 0.773
195
-------
Pheasant
Phasianus colchicus
Eider
Somateria mollisima
Ohio
Illinois
Norway
brain
breast
muscle
feather
femur
kidney
leg
muscle
liver
ovary
blood
kidney
W 0.001 mean Lynch
(1973)
W 0.168 "
W 1.31
W 1.01 "
W 7.45
W 0.078 "
W 0.19 "
W <0.001 "
W (0.07-0.09)
W (0.89-1.46)
Anderson &
Stewart
(1969)
Lande
(1977)
Chipping sparrow
Spizella passerina
fed 109Cd
21 days
II If It
fl ft If
If If II
II II II
muscle
liver
kidney
egg
gut
kidney
liver
feather
D 2.0
D 13.0
D 25.0
D 1.0
Anderson &
W 75.0 n Ci/g Van Hook
W 29.0 n Ci/g
W 14.0 n Ci/g
W 8.0 n Ci/g
(1973)
whole body W 0.007
196
-------
Common tern
Sterna hirundo
Starling
Sturnus vulgaris
New York
Long Island bone
ir it
m 11
tf ti
breast
muscle
liver
kidney
Canada
Lake Ontario bone
II If
!t M
breast
muscle
liver
kidney
W 1.61
W 0.38
W 3.82
W 21.3
W 1.47
W 0.69
W 3.69
W 29.5
City areas with
over 0.1 ppm in
1971:
Phoenix, body less W 0.11
Arizona skin, beak,
feet & wings
Stuttgart,
Arkansas
Bakers field,
California
Lansing,
Michigan
Farmington,
N. M.
Elkins,
West Va.
1971 and 1973
If If If
If fl fl
ff ft If
If If It
W 0.1
W 0.24
W 0.12
W 0.12
Conners et
al. (1975)
Martin &
Nickerson
(1973)
" " " W 0.12
W (CO.05-0.2)
(Collected at 56 sites in 44 states. 46
areas of U. S. below 0.1, 72% contained
0.05 or less.)
197
-------
Starling
Sturnus vulgaris
There was slight increase in Cd levels White et
in 1973 over 1971 in the National al. (1977)
Monitoring Program on starlings.
United States
1971
W (0.05-0.24)
0.048-SE 0.006
geom. mean 0.038
United States
1973
W (<0.05-0.20)
0.056-SE 0.005
geom. mean 0.048
United States
urban, 1973
W (<0.05-0.11)
0.042±SE 0.007
United States
rural, 1973
W (<0.05-0.20)
0.053-SE 0.008
United States kidney W 1.0
Schroeder
Si Balassa
(1961)
liver
W 0.57
Robin
Turdus migratorius
kidney
liver
W 2.03
W 0.55
Mourning dove
Zenaida macroura
Ohio
breast
muscle
W 0.41
Lynch
(1973)
198
-------
CADMIUM IN REPTILES
(1)
Species
Locality Tissue
a i -
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Softshell turtle
Trionyx spinifer
Turtle
Tennessee
(downstream
from plating
industry) kidney
Hudson River,
N. Y.
to 9.87
Robinson
& Wells
(1975)
W (0.005-0.05) Schroeder
(1974)
Crocodile
Crocodylus acutus
Florida
egg
W 0.05
Ogden et
al. (1974)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
(2)
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean, Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
199
-------
CADMIUM IN MARINE FISH
(1)
Species
Locality
Tissue
a i • (2)
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Black bream
Acanthopagrus butcheri Tasmania
Smooth sandeel
Ammodytes tobianus
Flounder
Ammotretis sp.
Catfish
Anarchichas lupus
Wolf fish
Anarchichas minor
Deepbody anchovy
Anchoa compressa
Bay anchovy
Anchoa mitchelli
Great Britain muscle
Tasmania muscle
Norway
W. Greenland muscle
liver
Los Angeles
Bay
W 0.05
D 0.4
W <0.05
D 0.02
W <0.2
W (0.4-12.5)
D 0.7
N.W. Atlantic whole body D 0.6
Eustace
(1974)
Stevens &
Brown
(1974)
Eustace
(1974)
Lande
(1977)
Bollingberg
(1975)
(1)
(2)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. ^ Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
200
-------
Bay anchovy
Anchoa mitchelli
European eel
Anguilla anguilla
American eel
Anguilla rostrata
Texas
whole
body
If I!
II II
D 0.5
Great Britain muscle D 0.03
W (0.12-0.17)
liver W (0.24-0.37)
N.W. Atlantic muscle D <0.1
Sims &
Presley
(1976)
Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
Wharfe &
Van Den
Broek
(1977)
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Blue hake
Antimora rostrata
Striped cowfish
Aracana aurita
Middle Atlantic
Bight muscle
It II II
Greig et
W (<0.09-<0.12) al. (1976)
liver W (0.32-0.36)
Tasmania muscle W 0.14
Eustace
(1974)
Atlantic argentine
Argentina silus Norway
Sea catfish
Arius felis
(=Galeichthys felis) S. Florida
Australia salmon
Arripis trutta Tasmania
Porcupine fish
Atopomycterus nichthemerus
Tasmania
Gafftopsail catfish
Bagre marinus N.W. Atlantic
D 0.02 Lande
(1977)
Ogden et
whole W (0.12-0.15) al. (1974)
muscle W <0.05 Eustace
(1974)
W 0.15
muscle D <0.1 Windom et
al. (1973b)
201
-------
Silver perch
Bairdiella chrysura N.W. Atlantic muscle
Garfish
Belone belone
Great Britain
(off shore) muscle
Great Britain
(in estuary)
Lanternfish
Bolinichthys indicus Bermuda
Mutugoro
Boleophthalmus pectinirostris
Japan
(1970)
Japan
(1974)
Menhaden (Machete)
Brevoortia maculata
Peru
Gulf menhaden
Brevoortia patronus Texas
Jolthead porgy
Calamus bajonada
mid-
section
muscle
whole
Puerto Rico muscle
gill
D 0.4
D <0.05
D 0.9
D 0.9
(0.09-0.12)
(0.02-0.07)
(0.01-0.26)
0.13
D <0.1
D 0.38
W 0.09
D 0.79
W 0.09
intestine D 2.6
W 0.59
vertebrae D 1.3
W 0.76
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Stevens &
Brown
(1974)
Gibbs et
al. (1974)
Yamazoe &
Otubo
(1975)
Echegaray
(1974)
Sims &
Presley
(1976)
Lowman et
al. (1966)
scale D 2.7
202
-------
Jolthead porgy
Calamus bajonada
Pacific porgy
Calamus brachysomus
Elephant shark
Callorhynchus millii
Crevalle jack
Caranx hippos
Puerto Rico scale
Peru
Tasmania
S. Florida
muscle
whole
Silky shark
Carcharhinus falciformis
N.W. Atlantic muscle
liver
kidney
" " brain
" gonad
gill
" " spleen
Oceanic whitetip shark
Carcharhinus longimanus Puerto Rico
Sandbar shark
Carcharhinus milberti
Dusky shark
Carcharhinus obscurus
liver
muscle
liver
brain
pup
W 1.9
0.12
W <0.05
W 0.05
Lowman et
al. (1966)
Echegaray
(1974)
Eustace
(1974)
Ogden et
al. (1974)
Windom et
al. (1973b)
D 1.0
D 5.0
D 2.6
D <0.2
D <0.2
D <0.2
D <0.2
W (0.02-0.56) Lowman et
0.13 al. (1966)
D (0.03-1.3)0.71
D <0.1
D 2.1
D 1.6
D <0.1
D (0.2-0.3)
Windom et
al. (1973b)
203
-------
Anchovy
Catengraulis edentulus Puerto Rico
W
(0.59-2.6)1.3 Lowman et
al. (1966)
(0.15-0.75)
0.36
Black sea bass
Centropristis striatus N.W. Atlantic muscle
D 0.4
Lantemfish
Ceratoscopelus
caudispinosus
Lantemfish
Ceratoscopelus
warmingi
Bermuda
midsection D (0.3-0.5
" preserved D
N.W. Atlantic D
Thick-lipped gray mullet
Chelon labrosus
(= Crenimugil labrosus) Great Britain
Bumper
Chloroscombrus sp. Puerto Rico
Rabbit fish
Chimaera monstrosa
Wrasse
Choerodon sp.
Bearded rockling
Ciliata mustela
Norway
Norway
muscle
Great Britain whole
(0.5-0.8)
(0.7-1.8)
0.7
W 0.08
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Gibbs et
al. (1974)
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Peden et
al. (1973)
D (0.48-1.0)0.78 Lowman et
al. (1966)
W (0.06-0.42)0.17
D 0.01
W <0.002
D 8.1-SD 2.27
Lande
(1977)
Havre et
al. (1973)
Hardisty
et al.
(1974a)
Atlantic herring
Clupea harengus
Norway
D (<0.2-0.2)
D 0.01'
Andersen et
al. (1973)
Lande
(1977)
204
-------
Atlantic herring
Clupea harengus
Conger eel
Conger myriaster
Eel
Conger sp.
Lumpsucker, lumpfish
Cyclopterus lumpus
Scotland muscle
Norway
Japan
N.W. Atlantic
Wrasse
Ctenolabrus rupestris Sweden
Norway
muscle
Great Britain skin
stomach
liver
fat body
kidney
muscle
Shiner perch
Cymatogs.ster aggregata Los Angeles
Bay
White sea trout
Cynoscicn arenarius Texas
Spotted sea trout
Cynoscicn nebulosus
N.W. Atlantic muscle
W (<0.03-0.12) Topping
(1973a)
W (0.004-0.033) Havre et
al. (1973)
D (0.012-0.081)
D (0.028-0.034) Ishio et
al. (1973)
D 0.3
D 3.0
W 0.001
W 1.7
W 0.6
W 1.08
W 0.82
W 1.83
W 0.12
D 0.8
D 1.8
D 0.1
D 0.5
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Noddack &
Noddack
(19 40)
Havre et
al. (1973)
Wright
(1976)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
Sims &
Presley
(1976)
Windom et
al. (1973b)
205
-------
Sea carp
Dactylopagrus carponemus
Tasmania
Stingray
Dasyatis brevicaudatus "
Round scad
Decapterus punctatus N.W. Atlantic muscle
Lanternfish
Diaphus dumerilii
Lanternfish
Diaphus mollis
N.W. Africa whole
W <0.05
W <0.05
D <0.1
D 0.73
Bermuda
midsection D 0.8
N.W. Atlantic
Longfinned pike
Dinolestes lewini
Porgy
Diplodus vulgaris
Tasmania
Israel
muscle
Adriatic anchovy
Engraulis encrasicholus Adriatic Sea skin
gill
muscle
gut
liver
whole
D 0.8
W <0.05
D 0.3
Eustace
(1974)
Windom et
al.(1973b)
Leather-
land et al.
(1973)
Gibbs et
al. (1974)
Windom et
al.(1973b)
Eustace
(1974)
Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
W (0.2-0.6)0.4 Gilmartin
& Rerelante
(1975)
W (0.1-0.3)0.2
W (ND-<0.1)<0.1
W (0.2-0.4)0.2
W (ND-1.4)0.7
W (0.09-0.20)0.1
Northern anchovy
Engraulis mordax
California
D 0.9
Emerson et
al. (1976)
206
-------
Petrale sole
Eopsetta jordani
Grouper
Epitiephelus aeneus
Merou bls.nc
Epinephelus guaza
Red hind
Epinephelus guttatus
Nassau grouper
Epinephelus striatus
"Marine" pike
Esox lucius
II M
ft M
Oregon
muscle
Israel
muscle
Grand Bahama
Isl.
II II tf
It tt If
Gulf of
Bothnia
ft tf It
It II It
liver
muscle
liver
kidney
Priest shark
Etomopterus spinax Norway-
Little tunny
Euthynms alletteratus N.W. Atlantic muscle
Skipjack tuna
Euthynnus pelamis
Peru
head
W (0.008-0.012) Childs &
Gaffke
(1974)
D (0.1-0.2)
Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
D 0.1
(0.02-0.04) Taylor &
0.024-0.008 Bright
(1973)
(0.01-0.09)
0.02±0.02
(0.87-2.19)
Jaakkola
W (0.004-0.13) et al.
(1972)
W (0.034-0.113)
W (0.169-0.339)
D 0.02
D 0.2
D 1.0
D 2.0
W 1.0
Lande
(1977)
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Lowman et
al. (1967)
207
-------
Killifish, mummichog
Fundulus heteroclitus
Rock cod
Gadus callarius
Atlantic cod
Gadus morhua
Rhode Island
(in 0.01 ppm
Cd 21 days)
II II II II
Rhode Island
(control)
II II It
Great Britain
commercial catch
Norway
muscle
Great Britain
muscle &
liver
North Sea
Scotland muscle
Atlantic
Ocean
Norway
Eisler et
al. (1972)
A 7.6
W 0.48
A 5.6
W 0.33
D 0.0
Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
W (0.003-0.012) Havre et
al. (1973)
D (0.013-0.059)
W (0.12-0.26) Peden et
al. (1973)
W 0.12
W 0.18
W <0.05
W <0.03
W (0.0-0.158)
0.048*0.051
D (0.01-0.02)
Portmann
(1972)
Great Britain skeleton W (0.25-1.32)
Topping
(1973a)
Zook et
al. (1976)
Lande
(1977)
Wright
(1976)
skin
stomach
liver
W (0.4-3.5)
W (0.12-0.65)
W (0.06-1.72)
208
-------
Atlantic cod
Gadus morhua
Great Britain fat body W 0.17-0.18
Norway
Iceland
Atlantic
Black-mouthed dogfish
Galeus ipelastomus Norway
School shark
Galiorhinus australis Tasmania
White croaker
Genyonemus lineatus Los Angeles
Bay
Witch
Glyptocephalus cynoglossus
Norway
Rex sole
Glyptocephalus zachirus Oregon
kidney
muscle
gonad
gill
muscle
gill
liver
muscle
muscle
muscle
Wright
(1976)
W 0.99-1.36
W (0.11-1.35)
W 0.09-0.06
W 1.25
D (ND-0.35)
Stenner &
Nickless
(1974)
D (1.2-2.4)
D (ND-1.0) "
W (0.0-0.119) Zook et
0.043-SD 0.119 al. (1976)
W (0.0-0.155)
0.048-0.051
D 0.03
W 0.05
D 1.2
D 0.01
Lande
(1977)
Eustace
(1974)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
Lande
(1977)
W (0.069-0.097) Robertson
et al.
(1972)
D (0.36-0.53)
W (0.012-0.026) Childs &
Gaffke
(1974)
209
-------
Sand goby
Gobius minutus
Great Britain whole
Soldier fish
Gymnopastes marmoratus Tasmania muscle
Wrasse (Doncella)
Halichoeres dispilus Peru
Halosauran
Halosauropsis macrochir Middle Atlantic
Bight muscle
Scaled sardine
Harengula sp.
Puerto Rico
ft If
Red rock gurnard
Heliocelenus papillosis Tasmania
Sea horse
Hippocampus sp. "
Pacific halibut
Hippoglossus stenolepis Alaska
Longspine squirrel fish
Holocentrus rufus Puerto Rico
muscle
II It
Lanternrisn
Hygophum hygomi
D 3.2-SD 0.53
W *0.05
0.04
W <0.12
Hardisty
et al.
(1974a)
Eustace
(1974)
Echegaray
(1974)
Greig et
al. (1976)
D (0.78-1.7)1.08 Lowman et
al. (1965)
W (0.23-0.44)0.31 "
W 0.06
W <0.05
Eustace
(1974)
Bermuda
midsection
W (0.0-0.97) Zook et al.
0.056-SD 0.31 (1976)
D (0.98-4.1)2.2 Lowman et
al. (1966)
W (0.36-1.6)0.84
D (< 0. l-<0. 2) Gibbs et
al. (1974)
preserved
1958-72
D (0.1-1.3)
preserved
1914
D 6.8
preserved
1885
D 1.3
210
-------
Lanternfish
Hygophum hygomi
Middle Atlantic
Bight whole W (<0.07-0.11)
N.W. Atlantic midsection D (O.l
LanternfLsh
Hygophum macrochir
Pinfish
Lagodon rhomboides
N.W. Africa whole
S. Florida
Porbeagle, mackerel shark
Lamna nasus Great Britain liver
D 0.98
W (0.05-0.12)
D <0.05
ft If
Lanternfish
Lampanyctus photonotus Bermuda
Lanternfish
Lampanyctus pusillus
" epigonal
organ D 0.5
midsection D 0.4
N.W. Atlantic
Trumpeter
Latridopsis forsteri Tasmania
Greater ponyfish
Leiognat.hus equulus Thailand
Splendid ponyfish
Leiognat.hus splendens
Ponyfish
Leiognathus sp.
muscle
D 1.6
D (0.4-1.6)
W <0.05
W 0.007
Leionura atun
Tasmania
muscle
W 0.02
W 0.04
W <0.05
Greig et
al. (1976)
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Leatherland
et al. (1973)
Ogden et
al. (1974)
Stevens &
Brown
(1974)
Gibbs et
al. (1974)
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Eustace
(1974)
Huschenbeth
& Harms
(1975)
Eustace
(1974)
211
-------
Spot
Leistomus xanthurus
Texas
muscle
N.W. Atlantic
D 0.2
D 0.5
Lepidophanes indicus N.W. Atlantic midsection D 0.9
Lepidopus caudatus Spain &
Portugal muscle D (ND-0.56)
Conger eel
Leptocephalus wilsoni
Yellowtail flounder
Limanda ferruginea
Sand dab
Limanda limanda
(=Pleuronectes limanda)
Tasmania
Atlantic
Ocean
New York
Bight
if u it
Norway
gill
muscle
muscle
liver
muscle
Grey mullet
Liza ramada
gill
Great Britain skeleton
skin
" " liver
" " kidney
" " muscle
whole
D (2.7-4.3)
W 0.3
W (0.0-0.059)
0.028-0.023
W (0.05-0.1)
W (0.09-0.5)
D 0.7
D 2.5
W 0.47
W 0.26
W 1.38
W 0.21
W 0.18
D 3.0-SD 1.2
Sims &
Presley
(1976)
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
Eustace
(1974)
Zook et
al. (1976)
Greig &
Wenzloff
(1977)
Stenner &
Nickless
(1974)
Wright
(1976)
Hardisty
et al.
(1974a)
212
-------
Lanternf :Lsh
Lobianchia dofleini
Bermuda
midsection D 1.6
Gibbs et
al. (1974)
N.W. Atlantic
D 1.6
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Angler
Lophius piscatorius Norway
muscle
W 0.023
Havre et
al. (1973)
liver
W 2.5
Red snapper
Lutj anus campechanus
Gulf of
Mexico
muscle W (0.0-0.119)
0.057-0.044
Zook et
al. (1976)
Gray snapper
Lutjanus griseus
S. Florida whole
W (0.07-0.11)
Ogden et
al. (1974)
New Zealand whip tail
Macruronus novaezelandiae
Tasmania
muscle
W <0.05
Eustace
(1974)
Grenadier
Macrurus rupestris
Norway
D 0.02
•Lande
(1977)
Black marlin
Makaira indica
N.E. Australia
W (0.05-0.4) Mackay et
0.9±SE 0.009 al. (1975)
liver W (0.2-83.0)
9.2±SE 2.10
Blue marlin
Makaira nigricans
Puerto Rico
D (0.39-1.9) Lowman et
1.0 al. (1967)
I? If
W (0.14-0.4)0.24
St. Thomas
D (0.42-1.9) Lowman et
0.97 al. (1966)
If M
W (0.1-0.4)0.23
Japan
muscle W (0.01-0.15). Nishigaki
0.055*0.048 et al.
(1974)
213
-------
Haddock
Melanogranimus aeglefinus
(= Gadus aeglefinus) (frozen)
N. Atlantic
muscle
Scotland
W 0.08
W 0.09
W <0.03
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1961)
Schroeder
(1974)
Topping
(1973b)
Whiting
Merlangius merlangus
(= Gadus merlangus)
Atlantic
Ocean
Norway
Great Britain
Norway
muscle
Great Britain whole
< 15 cm
muscle
> 15 cm
muscle
liver
gut wall
whole
W (0.0-0.083) Zook et
0.046-SD 0.03 al. (1976)
D (0.02-0.03) Lande
(1977)
W 0.09
D 0.02
Peden et
al. (1973)
Lande
(1977)
W (0.002-0.03) Havre et
al. (1973)
D (0.008-0.13)
D 6.2-SD 0.19 Hardisty
et al.
(1974a)
Wharfe &
W (0.1-0.15)0.13 Van Den
Broek
(1977)
W (0.13-0.28)0.21 "
W (0.13-0.18)0.15
W (0.08-0.21)0.15
D (1.94-2.50) Badsha &
Sainsbury
(1977)
214
-------
Silver hake
Merluccius bilinearis
European hake
Merluccius merluccius
Pacific hake
Merluccius productus
Atlantic croaker
Micropogon undulatus
Atlantic
Ocean
Norway
muscle
liver
Great Britain
Israel
Merluza
Merluccius peruanus Peru
Pacific
Ocean
Texas
Dover sole
Microstomus pacificus Oregon
muscle
whole
muscle
skin
whole
S. California
(polluted) muscle
W (0.0-0.2) Zook et
0.047-0.061 al. (1976)
W (0.003-0.032) Havre et
al. (1973)
W 0.17
W 0.09
D (0.2-0.3)
0.0
W (0.0-0.059)
0.02-0.19
D 0.10
D 0.21
D <0.1
W 0.03
Peden et
al. (1973)
Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
Echegaray
(1974)
Zook et
al. (1976)
Horowitz &
Presley
(1977)
Sims &
Presley
(1976)
Cutshall
& Holton
(1972)
D 0.14
W (0.011-0.014) Childs &
Gaffke
(1974)
Alexander
D (<1.8-<3.0) et al.
(1975)
If If
kidney
D (< 3.2— <4.0)
215
-------
Dover sole
Microstomus pacificus S. California
(polluted) gonad
skin
" " S. California muscle
" gonad
S. California
(outfall) liver
S. California
(control) "
S. California liver
Ling
Molva molva
Norway
muscle
Planehead filefish
Monacanthus hispidus Middle Atlantic
(=Stephanolepis hispidus)whole
Bass
Morone labrax
Striped bass
Morone saxatilis
Great Britain muscle
Long Island
N.W. Atlantic muscle
D (<4.2-<5.2)
D (< 3.0-<4.8)
D '3.0
D <3.0
D 3.8
D 6.4
W (0.19-0.58)
Alexander
et al.
(1975)
McDermott
et al.
(1976)
W 0.003
DeGoeij
et al.
(1974)
Havre et
al. (1973)
Greig et
W (<0.13-0.14) al. (1976)
D 0.03
W 0.249
D 0.796
D <0.01
Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
Zawacki &
Briggs
(1976)
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Rockling
Motella sp.
Great Britain
W 0.06
Peden et
al. (1973)
216
-------
Striped mullet
Mugil cephalus
Peru
Tasmania
muscle
N.W. Atlantic
Japan
Silver mullet, white mullet
Mugil curema S. Florida whole
Mullet
Mugil sp.
II 11
ft If
1! ff
Goatfish
Mullus barbatus
Smooth dogfish
Mustelus canis
Shark
Mustelus mustelus
Spain &
Portugal
muscle
gill
N.W. Atlantic
Israel
muscle
Gummy shark
Mustelus antarcticus Tasmania
muscle
New York
Bight
ft It If
Spain &
Portugal
muscle
liver
muscle
(0.0-0.09)
0.03
W <0.05
W <1.0
D 0.0
D ND
D 2.6
W 0.08
W 0.1
D (0.2-0.7)
W <0.05
W <0.1
W (< 0.l-<0.2)
D ND
Echegaray
(1974)
Eustace
(1974)
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Ishio et
al. (1973)
W (0.05-0.06) Ogden et
al. (1974)
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
Peden et
al. (1973)
Windom
(1972)
Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
Eustace
(1974)
Greig &
Wenzloff
(1977)
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
II tf
gill
D ND
217
-------
Tollo
Mustelus sp.
Scamp
Myctoperca phenax
Tiger grouper
Myctoperca tigris
Yellowfin grouper
Myctoperca venenosa
Peru
whole
Grand Bahama
Isl. muscle
if ti it
M fi if
it ii ii
Four-horned sculpin
Myoxocottus quadrecomis Finland
Leatherjacket
Navodon sp.
Perch
Nemadactylus macropterus
muscle
liver
muscle
kidney
Tasmania muscle
(0.0-0.08)
0.05
(0.01-0.03)
0.018-0.007
(0.01-0.15)
0.02-0.006
(0.63-2.55)
(0.01-0.04)
muscle
D 0.388
W 0.007
D 2.658
W 0.478
W <0.05
W <0.05
Echegaray
(1974)
Taylor &
Bright
(1973)
Jaakkala
et al.
(1972)
Eustace
(1974)
Nematonurus armatus Middle Atlantic
Bight
M II fl
liver
Redspot threadfin bream
Nemipterus peronii Thailand
Inner Gulf muscle
Threadfin bream
Nemipterus sp.
If If II
Greig et
W (<0.1-0.14) al. (1976)
W (1.21-1.33)
W 0.15
W (0.03-0.062)
Huschenbeth
& Harms
(1975)
Yellowfin tuna
Neothunnus macropterus California integument A 1,500.0
Goldberg
(1962)
218
-------
Croaker
Nibea albiflora
Japan
muscle D 0.0
Ishio et
al. (1973)
Seven-gilled shark
Notorhynchus cepedianus Tasmania
<0.05
Eustace
(1974)
Lanternfish
Notoscopelus
caudispinosus
Bermuda
midsection D (0.3-0.5)
Gibbs et
al. (1974)
N.W. Atlantic
D 0.4
Windom et
al. (1973b)
Pejerrey
Odontesthes regia
Peru
muscle
(0.0-0.57)
0.13
Echegaray
(1974)
Shrimp eel
Ophichthus gomesi
N.W. Atlantic
D <0.1
Windom et
al.(1973b)
Palespotted eel
Ophichthus ocellatus
Lingcod
Ophiodon elongatus
Oregon
muscle
D 0.3
W (0.009-0.224) Childs &
Gaffke
(1974)
Atlantic thread herring
Opisthonema oglinum Puerto Rico
D (0.42-1.4)
0.77
Lowman et
al. (1966)
It II
W (0.11-0.32)
0.2
II II
D (0.39-0.76)
0.62
Lowman et
al. (1965)
II II
W (0.12-0.17)
0.15
Silver pomfret
Pampus argenteus
Thailand
W 0.29
Huschen-
beth &
Harms
(1975)
219
-------
Kelp bass, calico bass
Paralabrax clathratus California muscle
Sand bass (Cabrilla)
Paralabrax humeralis
Peru
gonad
liver
integument
heart
eyeball
whole
Flounder (Lenguado)
Paralichthys adspersus Peru
Southern flounder
Paralichthys lethostigma N.W. Atlantic muscle
Texas
Corvina (Coco)
Paralonchurus peruanus Peru
Black pomfret
Parastromateus niger Thailand
English sole
Parophrys vetulus
N.W. Atlantic
Oregon coast
D (2.0-4.0) Stapleton
(1968)
D (3.0-10.0)
D (11.0-24.0)
D (2.0-6.0)
D (2.0-4.0)
D (4.0-6.0)
(0.0-0.04)0.02 Echegaray
(1974)
(0.0-0.06)0.03
D 1.3
D 0.3
0.09
Windom et
al.(1973b)
Sims &
Presley
(1976)
Echegaray
(1974)
W (0.03-0.051) Huschen-
beth &
Harms
(1975)
D (0.081-0.09) Windom et
al.(1973b)
W (0.016-0.017)
D 0.42
Robertson
et al.
(1972)
11 f I
W 0.075
220
-------
White sea perch
Phanerodon furcatus
Cod
Physiculus barbatus
Los Angeles
Bay
Tasmania
muscle
Sand flathead
Platycephalus bassensis Tasmania "
Flounder
Pleuronectes flesus
(=Platichthys flesus) Norway muscle
" " Great Britain
muscle
whole
Plaice
Pleuronectes platessa
(=Platichthys stellatus) "
muscle
liver
gut wall
ovary
North Sea
Scotland muscle
Emerson et
al. (1976)
Eustace
(1974)
D 0.4
W
-------
Plaice
Pleuronectes platessa W. Greenland muscle
(=Platichthys stellatus)
Great Britain
Oregon
liver
gut wall
muscle
W <0.03
Bollingberg
(1975)
W (0.05-0.15) Wharfe &
Van Den
Broek
(1977)
W (0.16-0.21)0.18 "
W (0.20-0.25)0.22
W 0.008-0.002 Childs &
Gaffke
Great Britain skeleton W 0.8
(1974)
Wright
(1976)
skin
W 1.33
stomach
wall
liver
muscle
W 3.96
W 2.91
W 1.44
Pollock
Pollachius pollachius
W 0.46
Peden et
al. (1973)
Pollock, coalfish
Pollachius virens
Massachusetts muscle
Norway
Great Britain gill
W (0.0-0.11) Zook et
0.048*0.036 al. (1976)
W (0.001-0.002) Havre et
al. (1973)
D (<0.005-0.007)
W 3.23
Wright
(1976)
II
skeleton
" skin
W 1.37
W 3.1
stomach
wall
W 2.1
222
-------
Pollock, coalfish
Pollachius virens
Great Britain kidney
muscle
Bluefish
Pomatomus saltatrix Long Island
If II
Sand goby
Pomatoschistus minutus Great Britain whole
Blue shark
Prionace glauca
Common sawshark
Pristiophorus cirratus Tasmania
Wenchman
Pristipomoides aquilonaris
Texas
Great Britain liver
muscle
testis
ovary
epigonal
organ
muscle
muscle
W 4.2
W 0.64
W 0.166
D 1.14
W (0.20-0.28)
0.24
D 3.2-SD 0.5
D (0.05-8.4)
D CO.05
D <0.05
D <0.05
D (<0.05-2.1)
W <0.05
D 0.08
Wright
(1976)
Zawacki &
Briggs
(1976)
Wharfe &
Van Den
Broek
(1977)
Hardisty
et al.
(1974b)
Stevens &
Brown
(1974)
Eustace
(1974)
Horowitz
& Presley
(1977)
skin
viscera
D 0.24
D 2.58
-------
Turbot
Psetta maxima
Spain &
(=Scophthalmus maximus) Portugal muscle D ND
gill
Sand sole
Psettichthys melanostictus
Oregon
Parrotfish
Pseudolabrus sp.
Winter flounder
Pseudopleuronectes
americanus
Blue skate
Raja batis
Skate
Raja clavata
Clearnose skate
Raja eglanteria
Tasmania
muscle
Texas
muscle
skin
New York
Bight
fl tl It
Great Britain
muscle
liver
Spain &
Portugal
II (I
muscle
gill
N.W. Atlantic muscle
" liver
" yolk sac
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
D 4.3
Robertson
D (0.095-0.15) et al.
(1972)
W (0.018-0.03)
W <0.05
Eustace
(1974)
D (0.07-0.19) Horowitz
0.12 & Presley
(1977)
D (0.14-0.4)0.3
W (0.1
W (<0.1-0.29)
W 0.47
Greig &
Wenzloff
(1977)
D 2.45
D 2.9
D 0.6
D <0.2
D 0.5
Peden et
al. (1973)
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
Windom et
al.(1973b)
224
-------
Greenland halibut
Reinhardtius
hippoglossoides
Atlantic guitarfish
Rhinobatos lentiginosus N.W. Atlantic
Cownose ray
Rhinoptera bonasus
muscle
W
(<0.(
1?
D
0.4
liver
D
1.4
stomach
D
0.4
yolk sac
D
0.2
muscle
D
0.2
liver
D
0.6
brain
D
<0.1
stomach
D
0.4
spiral
D
0.5
uterus
D
0.6
(1975)
Windom et
al.(1973b)
Pacific bonito
Sarda chiliensis
(?)
Peru
Japan
whole
0.08
(processed) W 1.14
Echegaray
(1974)
Yamagata &
Shigematsu
(1970)
Pilchard
Sardina pilchardus
Great Britain muscle
D CO.05
Stevens &
Brown
(1974)
Spain &
Portugal
muscle
D (0.3-0.6)
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
If II
gill
D 2.3
Adriatic
Sea
skin
W (0.2-0.5)0.4 Gilmartin
& Revelante
(1975)
225
-------
Pilchard
Sardina pilchardus
Gilt sardine
Sardinella aurita
Longer lizard fish
Saurida elongata
Lizardfish
Saurida sp.
Lizardfish
Saurida undosquamis
Corvina
Sciaena gilberti
Atlantic mackerel
Scomber'scombrus
Adriatic Sea gill
" " muscle
" " gut
liver
11 " whole
Israel
Thailand
Israel
Peru
muscle
muscle
whole
Great Britain muscle
Spain &
Portugal
gill
Great Britain muscle
W (0.1-0.2)0.2 Gilmartin
& Revelante
(1975)
W (ND-<0.1)<0.1
W (ND-0.3)0.1
W (ND-0.4)0.2
W (0.09-0.11)0.1
D (0.5-0.6)
W 0.04
W (0.05-0.15)
D (0.2-0.4)
(0.0-0.07)0.02
D 0.5
D 0.77
D 7.8
D ND
Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
Huschen-
beth &
Harms
(1975)
Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
Echegaray
(1974)
Stevens &
Brown
(1974)
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
226
-------
King mackerel
Scomberomorus cavalla Puerto Rico
If tl
II II
II tl
muscle
D (0.19-1.4)
0.49
W (0.05-0.96)
0.26
D (0.19-1.4)
0.6
W (0.05-0.96)
0.3
Lowman et
al. (1967)
Lowman et
al. (1966)
Spanish mackerel
Scomberomorus
maculatus
Atlantic saury
Scomberesox saurus
Windowpane
Scophthalmus aquosus
Spotted dogfish
Scyliorhinus canicula
Sea perch
Sebastes marinus
N.W. Atlantic muscle
S.W. Africa
heart
liver
Long Island
Sound muscle
New York
Bight
Long Island
Sound
II II II
Spain &
Portugal
Maine
liver
muscle
gill
muscle
D 0.3
D 0.05
D 0.1
D 0.62
W <0.1
W <0.1
W 0.285
D 1.14
D (ND-3.2)
D (ND-0.42)
Windom et
al.(1973b)
Leatherland
et al.
(1973)
Greig et
al. (1977b)
Zawacki &
Briggs
(1976)
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
W (0.0-0.2) Zook et
0.069*0.056 al.(1976)
227
-------
Amberjack
Seriola sp.
Middle Atlantic
Bight muscle
II M II
Coj inova
Seriolela violacea
Queenfish
Seriphus politus
Peru
Los Angeles
Bay
Black-ear bass
Serranus atrobranchius Texas
Sole
Solea solea
Spain &
Portugal
Israel
Barracuda
Sphyraena sphyraena
Scalloped hammerhead
Sphyrna lewini
Israel
liver
whole
muscle
skin
Mackerel trevalley
Serrilela ameculita Tasmania muscle
Siganus rivulatus Israel
Spotted whiting
Sillago punctata Tasmania muscle
muscle
gill
muscle
muscle
N.W. Atlantic
W <0.1
W 0.24
0.05
D 0.9
D 0.14
D 0.28
W 0.05
D 0.2
<0.05
D (0.08-2.1)
D (3.3-4.3)
D 0.2
D 0.3
D <0.1
Greig et
al. (1976)
Echegaray
(1974)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
Horowitz &
Presley
(1977)
Eustace
(1974)
Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
Eustace
(1974)
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
Windom et
al.(1973b)
228
-------
Scalloped hammerhead
Sphyrna lewini N.W. Atlantic liver
Bonnethead
Sphyrna tiburo
Spondyliosoma cantharus Spain &
Portugal
stomach
intestine
muscle
liver
stomach
spleen
ovary
muscle
gill
Sprat
Sprattus sprattus
(=Gadus sprattus)
Great Britain whole
skin
Spiny dogshark
Squalus acanthias
Sweden
muscle
muscle
N.W. Atlantic muscle
" " stomach
11 " spleen
" " liver
yolk sac
Great Britain
D <0.1
D <0.1
D 0.8
Windom et
al.(1973b)
D
D
D
0.4
0.9
0.9
D 0.6
D 0.7
D ND
D 2.9
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
W (0.50-0.60) Wharfe &
0.29 Van Den
Broek(1977)
W 0.84-SD 0.11 Wright
(1976)
W 0.24-SD 0.136 "
Noddack &
Noddack
(1940)
Windom et
al.(1973b)
D 0.0
D 0.4
D 3.7
D 1.4
D 1.0
D 0.2
W (0.07-0.59) Peden et
al. (1973)
-------
California dogfish
Squalus suckleyi Oregon
Dogfish
Squalus sp.
Tasmania
muscle
D (0.06-0.21) Cutshall
0.13 & Holton
(1972)
W <0.05
Eustace
(1974)
Longspined porgy
Stenotomus chrysops
Texas
D (0.05-0.16)0.1 Horowitz
& Presley
(1977)
skin
D (0.14-0.34)0.26
Anchovy
Stolephorus sp.
Thailand
W 0.25
Huschen-
beth &
Harms
(1975)
Synaphobranchus kaupi Middle Atlantic
Bight whole
W 0.12
Greig et
al. (1976)
Lizardfish
Synodus similis
Thailand
W 0.03
Huschen-
beth &
Harms
(1975)
Seawater catfish
Tachysurus sp.
Striped marlin
Tetrapturus audax
Thailand
Japan
muscle
W 0.003
W (0.01-0.03)
0.02-0.0
Nishigaki
et al.
(1974)
Albacore
Thunnus alalunga
Japan
muscle W (0.01-0.02)
0.012-0.0
Albacore tuna
Thunnus albacares
California liver
A 3,500.0
Goldberg
(1962)
Peru
muscle
D 1.0
Lowman et
al. (1967)
Japan
W 0.01
Nishigaki
et al.
(1974)
230
-------
Bigeye tuna
Thunnus obesus Japan
Russel's dark
Trachinotus russellii Thailand
muscle
whole
W (0.01-0.06) Nishigaki
0.027-0.015 et al.
(1974)
W 0.12
Huschen-
beth &
Harms
(1975)
Rough scad
Trachurus lathami
Texas
muscle D (0.08-0.21) Horowitz
0.15 & Presley
(1977)
skin D (0.41-0.42)0.42
viscera D 0.77 "
Scad
Trachurus symmetricus
murphyi Peru
whole
(0.0-0.1) Echegaray
0.04 (1974)
Horse mackerel
Trachurus trachurus
Great Britain muscle
Atlantic cutlass fish
Trichiurus lepturus Puerto Rico
II II
II II
II II
D <0.05
Stevens &
Brown
(1974)
W (<0.005-0.11) Lowman et
0.05 al.(1967)
D (0.13-0.25) Lowman et
0.19 al.(1966)
W (0.029-0.057)
0.044
D (<0.005-0.3) Lowman et
0.2 al.(1967)
Poor cod
Trisopterus minutus
Great Britain whole
Dwarf goatfish
Upeneus moluccensis Israel
muscle
D 8.5-SD 1.23
D (0.2-0.4)
Hardisty
et al.
(1974a)
Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
231
-------
Red hake
Urophycis chuss
White hake
Urophycis tenuis
Swordfish
Xiphias gladius
Viviparous blenny
Zoarces viviparus
New York
Bight
II H II
t! It II
II If II
Peru
Japan
muscle
liver
muscle
liver
whole
muscle
Great Britain skeleton
skin
" " stomach
wall
" " liver
" " muscle
" " gonad
W <0.1
W (0.1-<0.3)
W <0.1
W <0.1
(0.0-0.21)
0.07
W (0.01-0.22)
0.053-0.06
Greig &
Wenzloff
(1977)
Echegaray
(19.74)
Nishigaki
et al.
(1974)
W 0.84-SD 0.35 Wright
(1976)
W 1.91-SD 0.94
W 1.07-SD 0.91
W Oi42-SD 0.14
W 0.29-SD 0.21
W 1.63
232
-------
CADMIUM IN FRESHWATER FISH
(1)
Species
Locality
Tissue
a i • (2)
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Atlantic sturgeon
Acipenser oxyrhynchus New York
W 0.0915-0.021 Lovett et
al.(1972)
Sturgeon
Acipenser sp.
It II
St. Lawrence without
River head &
viscera
W 0.0262-0.0035
W 0.06
Tong et
al.(1972)
Alewife
Alosa pseudoharengus
Lake Michigan whole
W 0.062-0.015 Lucas et
al. (1970)
Wisconsin
muscle
W 0.0
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
Rockbass
Ambloplites rupestris New York
" " Wisconsin
(1)
New York
muscle
whole
W (0.014-0.065) Lovett et
al. (1972)
W 0.0
W (ND- 0.05)
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
Walsh et
al. (1977)
(2)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. ^ Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
233
-------
Bowf in
Amia calva
II fl
fl ft
New York
South
Carolina
Freshwater drum, sheephead
Aplodinotus grunniens New York
whole
Goldfish
Carassius auratus
Alabama
Tennessee whole
Lake Erie "
Louisiana
Mississippi
Tennessee
Lake Erie
Alabama
Lake Erie liver
Wisconsin muscle
Hudson River
Quebec
whole
W 0.016
Wisconsin muscle W 0.0
W ND
Lovett et
al. (1972)
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
Walsh et
al. (1977)
W (0.014-0.0289)Lovett et
al. (1972)
Wisconsin muscle W 0.0
W 0.03
W <0.05
W (0.05-0.28)
W <0.05
W 0.8
W <0.05
W <0.05
W 1.4-1.1
W 0.0
W 0.142
D (0.2-0.4)
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
Schroeder
(1974)
W (0.05-0.8) Berger
(1974)
Walsh et
al. (1977)
Lucas et
al. (1970)
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
Lovett et
al. (1972)
Delisle et
al. (1975)
234
-------
Goldfish
Carassius auratus
River carpsucker
Carpiodes carpio
Quillback
Carpiodes cyprinus
New York whole
Texas "
Tennessee "
Illinois muscle
Wisconsin "
Longnose sucker
Catostomus catostomus Alaska whole
Bridgelip sucker
Catostomus columbianus Oregon
" " Washington
White sucker
Catostomus commersoni New York
ft ft
Maine
Massachusetts
New Jersey
Colorado
New York .
Pennsylvania
Minnesota
Virginia
without
head &
viscera
whole
W (0.52-1.3) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W (ND-0.11)
W <0.05
W (0.004-0.046) Mathis &
0.024 Cummings
(1973)
W 0.0
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
W (<0.05-0.26) Walsh et
al. .(1977)
W ((0.05-0.06)
W (0.07-0.28)
W (0.016-0.023) Lovett et
al. (1972)
W 0.05
W (ND-<0.05)
W (<0.05-0.3)
W (<0.05-0.10)
W <0.05
W <0.05
W (ND-0.06)
W 0.05
W <0.05
Tong et
al. (1972)
Walsh et
al. (1977)
235
-------
White sucker
Catostomus commersoni Tennessee
Wisconsin
Nebraska
whole
Flannelmouth sucker
Catostomus latipennis
Largescale sucker
Catostomus macrocheilus
Utah
Idaho
Washington
Oregon
Washington
Sacramento sucker
Catostomus occidentalis California
Klamath sucker
Catostomus snyderi "
Sucker
Catostomus sp.
Montana
Wisconsin
Teymann's spotted catfish
Clarius batrachus Thailand
Lake herring, cisco
Coregonus artedii
muscle
liver
muscle
muscle
Lake Superior liver
New York
Wisconsin muscle
W <0.05
W 0.05
W 0.05
W <0.05
W (<0.05-0.36)
W (ND-0.13)
W (<0.05-0.16)
W (0.54-0.6)
W (<0.05-0.17)
W (<0.05-0.17)
W 0.6
W 0.79
W 0.0
Walsh et
al. (1977)
Van Meter
(1974)
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
W (0.010-0.07) Huschen-
beth &
Harms
(1975)
W 1.6
W 0.0123
W 0.0
Lucas et
al. (1970)
Lovett et
al. (1972)
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
236
-------
Lake herring, cisco
Coregonus artedii
Hudson River
W 0.16
Lake whitefish
Coregonus clupeaformis New York
Bloater
Coregonus hoyi
Carp
Cyprinus carpio
Lake Superior liver
Lake Michigan "
Montana muscle
11 liver
Canada muscle
Lake Ontario "
Wisconsin whole
Lake Superior liver
Lake Michigan "
whole
Wisconsin "
"New York
Hudson River muscle
kidney
muscle
kidney
Schroeder
(1974)
W
W
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
w
(0.015-0.115) Lovett et
al. (1972)
0.3-0.1
0.09-0.01
0.2
0.65
<0.05
<0.05
Lucas et
al. (1970)
Van Meter
(1974)
Uthe &
Bligh
(1971)
(<0.05-0.2) Walsh et
al. (1977)
0.7-0.4
0.4-0.1
Lucas et
al. (1970)
(<0.05-0.08) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W (<0.05-0.09)
W <0.01
W (0.2-1.2)
Lovett et
al. (1972)
Schroeder
(1974)
W
W
w
New York without head
Saratoga Lake & viscera W
(1.8-39.7)
(0.4-0.67)
20.44
0.14
Tong et
al. (1972)
237
-------
Carp
Cyprinus carpio
Mississippi whole
Wisconsin
Illinois
River
muscle
muscle
Jap an
Indiana whole
Japan
Maryland whole
S. Carolina
Georgia
Alabama
Louisiana
Colorado
Michigan
Pennsylvania
West Virginia
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Montana
Oregon
New Mexico
W (<0.05-1.3)
W 0.0
W (0.011-0.069)
0.035
W (0.01-0.02)
W (0.5-1.4)
W 0.003
W (ND-0.11)
W (ND-<0.05)
W <0.05
W (ND-<0.05)
W <"0.05
W (ND-0.05)
W <0.05
W 0.07
W ND
W (<0.05-0.08)
W (0.05-0.12)
W (0.1-0.12)
W 0.3
W (0.05-0.11)
W '0.05
Berger
(1974)
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
Mathis &
Cummings
(1973)
Yamagata &
Shigematsu
(1970)
Berger
(1974)
Ishizaki et
al. (1970)
Walsh et
al. (1977)
238
-------
Carp
Cyprinus carpio
Arizona
whole
W 0.1
Walsh et
al. (1977)
Nevada
W <0.05
Gizzard shad
Dorosoma cepedianum
Lake chub sucker
Erimyzon sucella
New York
Illinois
Texas
Kansas
Michigan
muscle
whole
W 0.072
Lovett et
al. (1972)
W (0.005-0.068) Mathis &
0.033 Cummings
(1973)
W (ND-0.06) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W (0.27-1.3)
W (0.028-0.055) Mathis &
0.036^0.017 Kevern
(1975)
Northern pike
Esox lucius
Sweden
Norway
whole D (0.66-0.99) Ljunggren
et al.
(1971)
muscle W (0.02-0.1)
bone W (<0.02-0.03)
muscle W ('0.001-0.008)Havre et
al. (1973)
D (<0.005-0.039)
tr ti
ii it
Canada
Lake Erie
New York
W <0.05
W <0.05
Uthe &
Bligh
(1971)
W (0.014-0.045) Lovett et
al. (1972)
II II
M II
without
head &
viscera
Tong et
al. (1972)
W (0.05-0.14)
239
-------
Northern pike
Esox lucius
Wisconsin muscle
W 0.0
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
II ff
Illinois
W (0.013-0.031) Mathis &
0.022 Cummings
(1973)
It tf
If II
New York
Minnesota
whole W (0.31-0.58) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W (ND-C0.05)
Muskelunge
Esox masquinongy
New York
W (0.014-0.03) Lovett et
al. (1972)
II fl
without
head &
viscera
W 0.05
Tong et
al.
(1972)
Chain pickerel
Esox niger
II fl
II II
If fl
without
head &
viscera
W (<0.01-0.031) Lovett et
al. (1972)
W (0.05-0.13)
Tong et
al. (1972)
II 11
Maine
whole
W (ND-<0.05)
Walsh et
al. (1977)
H If
Vermont
W <0.05
Swamp eel
Fluta alba
Thailand muscle
W 0.010
Huschen-
beth &
Harms
(1975)
Mummichog
Fundulus heteroclitus Rhode Island whole
W 0.33
Eisler et
al. (1972)
Goldeye
Hiodon alosioides
North Dakota
(<0.12-0.85) Berger
(1974)
Nebraska
W <0.05
Walsh et
al. (1977)
Montana
W <0.05
240
-------
Goldeye
Hiodon alosioides
Mooneye
Hiodon tergisus
White catfish
Ictalurus catus
Blue catfish
Ictalurus furcatus
Black bullhead
Ictalurus melas
Yellow bullhead-
Ictalurus natalis
North Dakota whole
Wisconsin
New York
(given dose
of Cd)
ir ii ii
ii ii ii
kidney
(4 days)
kidney
(14 days)
kidney
(21 days)
Connecticut whole
New Jersey
California
North Carolina
Florida
Massachusetts
Texas
Missouri
Louisiana
Minnesota whole
Colorado "
Utah "
Michigan muscle
W (<0.05-0.85) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W CO.05
4.0% of total
body
17.6% of total
body
34.0% of total
body
W (0.17-1.5)
Rowe &
Massaro
(1974)
Berger
(1974)
W (0.14-0.56) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W <0.05
W ?0.05
W <0.05
W <0.05
W 0.06
W <0.05
W <0.05
W (<0.05-0.21)
W (ND-<0.05)
W (ND-<0.05)
W ND
W (0.026-0.051) Mathis &
0.039-0.008
Kevern
(1975)
241
-------
Yellow bullhead
Ictalurus natalis
Brown bullhead
Ictalurus nebulosus
Channel catfish
Ictalurus punctatus
Minnesota whole
Arizona "
New York
Ohio whole
New Jersey "
N. Carolina "
West Virginia "
Nevada "
California "
Oregon "
S. Carolina "
Arkansas
Louisiana
Texas whole
Ohio "
Maryland whole
Virginia "
N. Carolina "
Florida
Louisiana "
Texas "
W <0.05
W CO.05
W 0.023
muscle
(cultured)
muscle
Walsh et
al. (1977)
Lovett et
al. (1972)
W (<0.05-0.76) Berger
(1974)
Walsh et
al. (1977)
W <0.05
W (ND-0.12)
W (ND-0.13)
W <0.05
W (ND-<0.05)
W (ND-<0.05)
W <0.05
Zook et
W (0.020-0.152) al. (1976)
0.079-0.052
W (0.0-0.091)
0.046-0.044
W (<0.05-0.17) Berger
(1974)
W (<0.05-0.76)
W <0.05
W ND
W (ND-<0.03)
W (ND-0.06)
W <0.05
W <0.05
Walsh et
al. (1977)
242
-------
Channel catfish
Ictalurus punctatus
Catfish
Ictalurus sp.
Smallmouth buffalo
Ictiobus bubalus
Bigmouth buffalo
Ictiobius cyprinellus
River lamprey
Lampetra fluviatilis
Brook lamprey
Lampetra planeri
Indiana
California
Alabama
Georgia
Texas
Arkansas
Illinois
Wisconsin
Missouri
Mississippi
Illinois
whole
Wisconsin muscle
New York
whole
muscle
whole
Great Britain
whole,
adult
W
<0.05
Walsh et
al. (1977)
W (ND-<0.05)
W 0.16
W 0.02
W 0.0
Schroeder
(1974)
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
W (0.013-0.092) Lovett et
al. (1972)
Roberts et
al. (1975)
Walsh et
al.(1977)
W 0.05
W <0.05
W (<0.05-0.06)
W <0.05
W <0.05
W <0.05
W (ND-<0.05)
W (0.001-0.055) Mathis &
0.032 Cummings
(1973)
W <0.05
D 0.5-SD 0.3
Walsh et
al. (1977)
Hardisty
et al.
(1974b)
D 0.75-SD 0.3
243'
-------
Brook lamprey
Lampetra planeri
Guppy
Lebistes reticulatus
Great Britain ammoecoete D (0.23-1.25)
(grown in 0.1
ppm Cd water)
" " (control)
11 " (grown in 1.0
ppm Cd water
with Cd sludge)
" " (grown in 1.0
ppm Cd water
with no Cd sludge)
Spotted gar
Lepisosteus oculatus Texas whole
Long nose gar
Lepisosteus osseus " "
Short-nose gar
Lepisosteus platostomus Illinois muscle
Florida gar
Lepisosteus platyrhincus
10.5
0.3
14.5
9.0
W 0.05
Hardisty
et al.
(1974b)
Landner &
Jernelov
(1969)
Walsh et
al. (1977)
W (ND-<0.05)
W (0.004-0.085) Mathis &
0.03 Cummings
(1973)
S. Florida whole
W 0.05
Ogden et
al. (1974)
Red breast sunfish
Lepomis auritus
Green sunfish
Lepomis cyanellus
Punkinseed
Lepomis. gibbosus
Florida
Maryland
Nebraska
Wisconsin muscle
Vermont
whole
W <"0.05
W <0.05
W <0.05
W 0.0
Walsh et
al. (1977)
Kleinert et
al. (1974)
W (ND-C0.05) Walsh et
al. (1977)
244
-------
Punkinseed
Lepomis gibbosus
Bluegill
Lepomis macrochirus
Red-eared sunfish
Lepomis microlophis
Roach
Leuciscus rutilus
Massachusetts whole
New York
Alabama
Indiana
Sweden
muscle
whole
(young)
muscle
Wisconsin "
Georgia
S. Florida whole
S. Carolina
Florida
Tennessee
Oklahoma
N. Carolina
Arizona
Alabama
W ND
W <0.05
Walsh et
al. (1977)
W (0.01-0.08) Schroeder
(1974)
W 0.46-0.009 Yost et
al. (1974)
W (0.036-0.038)
0.037
(ND-1.7)0.55 Atchison
(1975)
W 0.0
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
W (0.05-0.5) Roberts et
0.28
al. (1975)
W (0.05-0.09) Ogden et
al. (1974)
W (ND-<0.05) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W ND "
W <0.05
W (ND-<0.05)
W (<0.05-0.05)
W <0.05
0.02
0.5-1.5 cm D (0.16-0.71)
Schroeder
(1974)
Ljunggren
et al.
(1971)
245
-------
Roach
Leuciscus rutilus
Burbot
Lota lota
Sweden
New York
Smallmouth bass
Micropterus dolomieui . " "
ft II
1.5-2.5
cm
bone
muscle
without
head &
viscera
Wisconsin muscle
Alabama
Illinois muscle
Ohio
Hudson R. "
(contaminated)
Maine whole
Maryland
Idaho
Pennsylvania
Largemouth bass
Micropterus salmoides Georgia
D (0.5-2.4)
W <0.057
W <0.007
W <0.01
W (<0.01-0.039)
W (0.05-0.12)
W 0.0
Ljunggren
et al.
(1971)
Lovett et
al. (1972)
Tong et
al. (1972)
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
W (0.01-0.08) Schroeder
(1974)
W 0.005
Mathis &
Cummings
(1973)
W (0.043-0.047) Kelso &
Frank
(1974)
W 12.3
W (ND-<0.05)
W (ND- 0.05)
W (ND-<0.05)
W <0.05
W 0.05
(0.05-0.5)
Schroeder
(1974)
Walsh et
al. (1977)
Roberts et
al. (1975)
Mitre Corp
(1975)
246
-------
Largemouth bass
Micropterus salmoides Michigan
New York
Illinois
Indiana
Indiana
New York
N. Carolina
S. Carolina
Florida
Alabama
New Mexico
Tennessee
Nevada
California
muscle
without
head &
viscera
Wisconsin muscle
S. Carolina whole
S. Florida whole
muscle
whole
(young)
whole
W (0.02-0.048) Mathis &
0.036^0.036 Kevern
(1975)
W 0.05
Tong et
al. (1972)
W (<0.01-0.022) Lovett et
al. (1972)
W 0.0
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
W (<0.05-0.55) Berger
(1974)
W 0.08
Ogden et
al. (1974)
W (0.004-0.06) Mathis &
0.022
(ND-15.98)
0.72
W 0.025-0.005
W 0.068-0.02
W <0.05
W (ND-0.06)
W (ND -<0.55)
W (ND-<0.05)
W ({0.05-0.1)
W (ND-<0.05)
W (CO.05-0.07)
W (<0.05-0.23)
W (0.05
Cummings
(1973)
Atchison
(1975)
Yost et
al. (1974)
Walsh et
al. (1977)
247
-------
Spotted sucker
Minytrema melanops
White perch
Morone americana
White bass
Morone chrysops
(=Roccus chrysops)
jeorgia
Florida
Alabama
Connecticut
New Jersey
New York
Maine
n m
whole
W
Lake Erie liver
New York
Wisconsin muscle
Illinois
W (0.1-0.12)0.11 Roberts
et al.
(1975)
W (<0.05-0.12) Walsh et
al.(1977)
W <0.05
W <0.05
W (<0.05-0.39)
W <0.05
W <0.05
W <0.05
W 0.2
W 0.028
W <0.01
W 0.0
Lucas et
al. (1970)
Lovett et
al. (1972)
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
W (0.004-0.038) Mathis &
0.024 Cummings
(1973)
W (0.007-0.034) Kelso &
Frank
(1974)
W (ND-C0.05) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W (ND-< 0.05)
Yellow bass
Morone mississippiensis
(=Roccus mississippiensis)
Wisconsin muscle
Ohio
New Mexico whole
Utah
W 0.0
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
248
-------
Striped bass
Morone saxatilis
New York
" " without
head &
viscera
Sucker
Moxostoma sp.
Hudson River
Wisconsin muscle
Red horse sucker, shorthead redhorse
Moxostoma macrolepidnotum
Illinois muscle
Maryland whole
Virginia
N. Carolina
New York
Ohio
Montana
Minnesota
Striped mullet
Mugil cephalus
Florida
Alabama
Peamouth chub
Mylocheilus caurinus Idaho
Golden shiner
Notemigonus chrysoleucas Indiana
Hudson River "
(contaminated)
W 0.012
W 0.05
W 0.25
W 0.0
Lovett et
al. (1972)
long et
al. (1972)
Schroeder
(1974)
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
W (0.005-0.031) Mathis &
0.017
Cummings
(1973)
W (0.06-0.09) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W (ND-0.23)
W (ND-0.17)
W <0.05
W <0.05
W 0.32
W 0.06
W (<0.05-0.05)
W (ND-<0.05)
W <0.05
(0.68-0.79) Atchison
0.76 (1975)
W (0.2-68.9)
Schroeder
(1974)
24S
-------
Golden shiner
Notemigonus chrysoleucas Hudson River
(contaminated) kidney
Spottail shiner
Notropis hudsonius
New Jersey whole
Lake Erie
Coho salmon
Onchorhynchus kisutch Lake Ontario
New York
Wisconsin muscle
Striped snakehead
Ophiocephalus striatus Thailand
American smelt
Osmerus mordax
Lake Michigan liver
Canada
Lake Erie
River catfish
Pangasius pangasius Thailand
muscle
Yellow perch
Perca flavescens
Canada
Lake Erie
f! If
IV II
muscle
liver
whole
W (6.4-16.29)
W <0.05
W 0.1^0.03
W 0.0135
W (0.011-0.024)
W 0.0
W 0.017
W 0.07-0.01
W 0.06
W 0.012
W <0.05
W 0.54-0.06
Schroeder
(1974)
Walsh et
al. (1977)
Lucas et
al. (1970)
Lovett et
al. (1972)
Kleinert et
al. (1974)
Huschen-
beth &
Harms
(1975)
Lucas et
al. (1970)
Uthe &
Bligh
(1971)
Huschen-
beth &
Hams
(1975)
Uthe &
Bligh
(1971)
Lucas et
al. (1970)
W (0.039-0.063) Kelso &
Frank
(1974)
250
-------
Yellow perch
Perca flavescens
Lake Erie
ff ft
New York
H II
liver
without
head &
viscera
W 0.016
0.5
W (0.03-0.051)
W 0.11
Lovett et
al. (1972)
Thoniann et
al. (1974)
Tong et
al. (1972)
Perch
Perca fluviatilis
Hudson River
Michigan muscle
Wisconsin "
Maine whole
Vermont
Massachusetts
Maryland
Idaho
California
Pennsylvania
Michigan
Connecticut
W 0.25
Schroeder
(1974)
Norway
muscle
Trout-perch
Percopsis omiscomaycus Lake Michigan whole
Lake Superior
W (0.019-0.073) Mathis &
0.04*0.009 Kevern
W 0.0
W (ND-0.05)
W (<0.05-0.06)
W ND
W <0.05
W <0.05
W (0.07-0.12)
W <0.05
W 0.01
W <0.05
W 0.009
(1973)
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
Walsh et
al. (1977)
Havre et
al. (1973)
W 0.076-0.008 Lucas et
al. (1970)
W 0.14-0.06
>51
-------
White crappie
Pomoxis annularis
Texas
whole
West Virginia "
Indiana "
Illinois "
Missouri "
Nebraska 11
Black crappie
Pomoxis nigromaculatus New York
If II
Wisconsin
Texas
California
Washington
Round whitefish
Prosopium cylindraceum Lake Superior liver
without
head &
viscera
muscle
whole
Northern squawfish
Ptychocheilus
oregonensis
Alaska
Washington
Montana
Idaho
Washington
Oregon
whole
liver
whole
Walsh et
al. (1977)
W <0.05
W (ND-0.05)
W <0.05
W (<0.05-0.3)
W (ND-C0.05)
W <0.05
W (0.012-0.014) Lovett et
al. (1972)
Tong et
al.
(1972)
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
Walsh et
al. (1977)
W 0.05
W 0.0
W 0.05
W (ND-0.13)
W (ND-<0.05)
W 0.4-0.1
W (ND-0.07)
W (0.16-1.7)
W 0.53
W (ND-<0.05)
W (<0.05-1.7)
W (<0.05-0.42)
Lucas et
al. (1970)
Berger
(1974)
Van Meter
(1974)
Walsh et
al. (1977)
-------
Flathead catfish
Pylodictis, olivaris Arkansas
whole
Dace
Reinichthys sp.
Hudson River
(contaminated)
Rainbow trout, steelhead
Salmo gairdneri New York
Brown trout
Salmo trutta
Wisconsin muscle
Colorado "
" whole
" bone
liver
Alaska whole
Arizona "
New York
Wisconsin muscle
Colorado "
11 whole
" bone
" liver
Brook trout, speckled trout
Salvelinus fontinalis New York
W (0.05-0.06) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W 9.1
Schroeder
(1974)
W (0.013-0.027) Lovett et
al. (1972)
W 0.0
W 3.3
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
Roberts et
al. (1975)
W (2.7-3.0)
W (2.8-19.9)
W (1.1-7.4)
W (<"0.05-0.07) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W <0.05 "
W (0.01-0.021) Lovett et
al. (1972)
W 0.0
W (0.0-4.2)
W (0.0-3.0)
W (1.6-26.4)
W (0.0-13.5)
W 23.0
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
Roberts
et al.
(1975)
Lovett et
al. (1972)
253
-------
Brook trout, speckled trout
Salvelinus fontinalis Wisconsin
Colorado
muscle
whole
bone
liver
Lake trout
Salvelinus namaycush New York
It If
without
head &
viscera
Lake Superior liver
New York
muscle
(age 1-
12 yrs.)
Lake Michigan liver
Wisconsin
muscle
whole
Alaska
Sauger
Stizostedion canadense Wisconsin
" " Ohio
" " Iowa
" " Montana
Walleye pike
Stizostedion vitreum Lake Erie
liver
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
Roberts et
al. (1975)
W 0.0
W (0.0-3.1)
W (0.0-6.5)
W (0.0-20.3)
W (0.0-7.7)
W (<0.01-0.0807)Lovett et
al. (1972)
Tong et
al.
(1972)
Lucas et
al. (1970)
W (0.05-0.1)
W <3.0
Tong et al.
(1974)
W (0.0021-0.0063)
W 0.06-0.02
W 0.0
W <0.05
W (<0.07-0.07)
W (<0.05-0.05)
W <0.05
W (ND- 0.05)
W <0.05
W 0.2
Lucas et
al. (1970)
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
Walsh et
al. (1977)
Lucas et
al. (1970)
254
-------
Walleye pike
Stizostedion vitreum Lake Erie
II ft
New York
liver
Arctic grayling
Thymallus arcticus
' without
head &
viscera
Wisconsin muscle
Pennsylvania whole
Washington "
Iowa "
Nebraska "
North Dakota "
Alaska "
W 0.016 Lovett et
al. (1972)
0.2 Thomann
et al.
(1974)
W (0.01-0.064) Lovett et
al. (1972)
W (0.05-0.176)
W 0.0
Tong et
al. (1972)
Kleinert
et al.
(1974)
W (<0.05-0.06) Walsh et
al. (1977)
W (<0.05-0.16)
W 0.05
W <0.05
W <0.05
W (ND-<0.05)
255
-------
CADMIUM IN MOLLUSCA
(1)
Species
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
(2)
Authority
Acaultocardia aculeata Spain &
Portugal
Gastropod
Acmaea digitalis
Clam
Amblema plicata
Blood clam
Anadara broughtonii
Arch shell
Anadara granosa
Blood clam
Anadara granosa
bisenensis
Blood clam
Anadara nipponensis
(1)
California
Illinois
Japan
Thailand
Japan
shell
body
soft
parts
D ND
«2.5-6.2)
(6.7-12.1)
W (0.15-1.41)
0.38
D (0.0-1.204)
W 0.28
D 1.938
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
Graham
(1972)
Mathis &
Cummings
(1973)
Ishio et al.
(1973)
Huschenbeth
& Harms
(1975)
Ishio et
al. (1973)
D (1.601-2.999)
(2)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
256
-------
Blood clam
Anadara satowi
Blood clam
Anadara subcrenata
Anodonta cygnea
Anodonta sp.
Japan
soft
parts
Great Britain
Illinois
shell
soft
parts
Saddle oyster
Anomia walteri
New Zealand
Calico scallop
Aequipecten gibbus Florida
Atlantic bay scallop
Aequipecten irradians Rhode Island
(=argOpecten irradians) (in 0.01 ppm
Cd seawater adductor
21 days) muscle
IJ II M ft
II II It II
ft it ri it
(control)
soft
parts
adductor
muscle
soft
parts
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Ishio et al.
D (1.601-2.999) (1973)
D (1.09-3.353)
D (0.49-9.2) Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
D 1.35-0.26 Anderson
(1977)
D 1.78
W 2.0
Nielsen &
Nathan
(1975)
W (1.57-3.19) Zook et
2.34-0.41 al. (1976)
Eisler et
al. (1972)
A 74.1
W 1.68
A 85.0
W 2.74
A 49.2
W 1.41
A 29.5
W 1.05
W (0.0-0.1) Zook et
0.035-0.031 al. (1976)
W 4.8^SE 0.2 Nelson et
al. (1976)
257
-------
Archidorus britannica
Ribbed mussel
Arcuatela demissus
(=Modiolus demissus)
Ridged mussel
Aulocomya ater
(Cholgas)
Ridged mussel
Aulocomya maoriana New Zealand
Whelk
Buccinum undatum
mantle A 300.0
other soft
Webb (1937)
New England
(control)
New England
(light sewage
sludge)
New England
(heavy sewage
sludge)
Norway
Peru
parts
soft
parts
soft
parts
Great Britain shell
sof t
parts
mantle
foot
digestive
gland
renal
organ
A 100.0
Valiela et
D 1.98-SE 0.09 al. (1974)
D 3.75-SE 0.13
D 7/13-SE 3.24
D 15.6
Anderson &
Neelaktan
(1974)
(0.04-0.73) Echegaray
0.45 (1974)
1.58
Nielsen &
W (0.16-2.40) Nathan
0.94 (1975)
D 0.018
Mullin &
Riley
(1956)
D 31.8
D 0.96
D 0.29
D 68.0
D 17.7
258
-------
Whelk
Buccinum undatum
Great Britain male
gonad
D 24.3
Mullin &
Riley
(1956)
female
gonad
D 11.4
Scotland
Irish Sea
soft
parts
D 2.2
Mackay et
al. (1972)
Scotland
(dump area)
Great Britain
D 5.75
D 2.2
Segar et
al. (1971)
Prosabranch
Bullia digitalis
South Africa whole
body
II It
W (1.58-39.1) Cuthbert et
30.1-SE 3.5 al. (1976)
D (65.7-164.9)
125.3-SE 14.5
ft If
viscera W (107.0-387.6)
203.9-SE 40.4
Channeled whelk
Busycon canaliculatum Long Island
Sound muscle
Greig et
W (0.17-0.21) al. (1977b)
M 11 II
digestive
gland
W (15.7-23.8)
Chincoteague
Inlet
W 7.4
Beaded top shell
Calliostoma zizyphinum Great Britain shell
D 0.049
Mullin &
Riley
(1956)
soft
parts
D 3.05
Spain &
Portugal
D 9.0
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
Snail
Campeloma sp.
Illinois
soft
parts
D 1.76
Anderson
(1977)
259
-------
Cockle
Cerastoderma edule
(=Cardium edule)
New Zealand cockle
Chione stutchburyi
Scallop
Chlamys operculis
Norway
Great Britain soft
parts
mantle
fluids
soft
parts
New Zealand
Great Britain shell
gill
mantle &
viscera
muscle
gonad
soft
parts
kidney
Stenner &
D (4.5-19.3) Nickless
(1974a)
Leatherland
D (0.81-0.92) & Burton
(1974)
D 2.1
D 1.5
W 0.19
A 0.008
D 0.008
A 6.5
D 1.24
A 44.5
D 9.62
A 13.4
D 0.87
A 21.2
D 2.21
W 0.65
D 5.5
W 9.3
D 41.0
Segar et
al. (1971)
Nielsen &
Nathan
(1975)
Mullin &
Riley
(1956)
Bryan
(1973)
260
-------
Scallop
Chlamys operculis
Great Britain digestive
gland
W 7.1
D 27.0
Bryan
(1973)
South African black mussel
Choromytilis meridionalis
South Africa
Clinocardium sp. Oregon coast
Watling &
soft Watling
parts D (1.0-8.0)3.7 (1976b)
W (0.33-0.53) " (1976a)
W 0.019-0.01 Caldwell &
Buhler
(1976)
Corbicula sp.
Japan
soft Yamagata &
parts W 0.07-1.58 Shigematsu
(1970)
Portuguese oyster
Crassostrea angulata Spain &
Portugal
Stenner &
D (2.9-3.5) Nickless
(1975)
Sydney rock oyster
Crassostrea commercialis
Pacific oyster
Crassostrea gigas
Tasmania
New South Wales
Tasmania
W 0.0
Ratkowsky
et al.
(1974)
« (0.1-1.0)0.2
W (0.0-30.69) Ratkowsky
et al.
(1974)
U.S. Pacific
coast
Pringle et
W (0.20-2.10) al. (1968)
1.14
Washington
coast
W (0.80-1.40)
California
(not polluted)
W (0.8-1.0) Ayling
(1973)
California
(polluted)
W (14.0-27.0)
261
-------
Pacific oyster
Crassostrea gigas
South Africa soft
parts
Great Britain
Great Britain
(polluted)
Tasmania
Derwent estuary "
Tasmania
(Tamar estuary) "
Tasmania
Great Britain
(polluted)
I! IV ft It If
Great Britain
(not polluted) "
II If II If 1f
" " " " whole
" gill
" mantle
New Zealand oyster
Crassostrea glomerata New Zealand soft
parts
D 9.0
D (3.7-9.0)
D (2.0-27.0)
Watling &
Watling
(1976b)
" (1976a)
Thornton et
al. (1976)
D (6.0-40.0) Boyden &
32.0 Romeril
(197*0
Thrower &
W (10.1-31.7) Eustace
(means) (1973)
W (2.3-14.6)
(means)
W (2.0-5.7)
(means)
W (1.8-3.8)
D (14.1-26.1)
W (0.2-0.3)
D (1.6-2.2)
W 0.8
W (1.3-1.7)
W (0.8-1.6)
W (0.55-0.75
W (0.12-5.0)
1.3
Darracott &
Watling
(1975)
Nielsen
(1975)
Nielsen &
Nathan
(1975)
262
-------
Oyster
Crassostrea margaritacea
South Africa soft
Krysna parts
D 2.5
Watling &
Watling
(1976a)
South Africa
Langebaan
Lagoon
D 7.0
Atlantic oyster
Crassostrea virginica (exposed to 0.1
ppm Cd in sea-
water, died in
16 weeks) 11
Schuster &
Pringle
(1969)
W (118.2-122.5)
(exposed to 0.2
ppm Cd in sea-
water, died in
15 weeks)
W (96.5-125.8)
(control in
flow-through
seawater)
W (0.21-3.43)
United States
W (3.0-3.66) Schroeder &
Balassa
(1961)
Connecticut
W (0.0-43.0) Roberts et
7.91 al. (1975)
W (0.0-9.6)
D (15.6-28.1) Greig et
al. (1975)
Rhode Island
(in 0.01 ppm
Cd seawater
21 days)
If ft M II
A 52.1
W 1.49
Eisler et
al. (1972)
Rhode Island
(control)
A 9.3
W 0.33
Rhode Island
(at emetic ,
threshold of
over 0.01 ppm Cd)
W (13.0-15.0)
263
-------
Atlantic oyster
Crassostrea virginica New England soft
(control) parts
Valiela et
D 7.18-SE 0.52 al. (1974)
New England
(light sewage
sludge)
D 8.60-SE 0.49
New England
(heavy sewage
sludge)
D 9.45-SE 0.51
Chesapeake
Bay
Bender et
«Q.6->2.5) al. (1972)
Maine to
N. Carolina
W (0.10-7.80) Pringle et
3.10 al. (1968)
N.W. Atlantic
D (1.0-7.7) Windom &
2.4 Smith
(1972b)
Mobile Bay
W (<0.05-1.61) Kopfler &
0.62 Mayer
(1973)
Florida
W 0.2
Nielsen
(1975)
U.S. Atlantic
coast
Schuster &
W (0.08-7.78) Pringle
2.40 (1969)
II II
W (3.1-7.8) Schroeder
(1974)
Gulf of
Mexico
W (0.88-2.6)
Chesapeake
Bay
W (0.375-1.29) Zook et
0.621-0.317 al. (1976)
Massachusetts
W 0.78-0.48 Roberts et
al. (1975)
Long Island
W (1.6-2.37) Zook et
2.06-0.023 al. (1976)
Texas
W (0.05-4.1) Roberts et
al. (1975)
264
-------
Atlantic oyster
Crassostrea virginica Texas
shell
soft
parts
D 0.1
D (2.4-40.0)
Smith &
Wright
(1962)
Sims &
Presley
(1976)
E. United
States
Atlantic slipper shell
Crepidula fornicata Great Britain
Crepidula sp.
San Diego Bay
(<0.6-2.5)
D (0.69-1.4)
W (1.1-4.7)
2.6
Huggett et
al. (1973)
Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
Seba
(undated)
Donax vittatus
Spain &
Portugal
D (ND-1.3)
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
Razor clam
Ensis arcuatus
D 0.3
Clam
Fusconaia flava
Illinois soft Mathis &
parts W (0.36-1.17) Cummings
0.69 (1973)
Top shell
Gibbula cineraria
Spain &
Portugal
D 5.0
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
Top shell
Gibbula lineata
D 6.2
Top shell
Gibbula umbilicalis
Great Britain shell
D 0.029
Mullin &
Riley
(1956)
soft
parts
Spain &
Portugal
D 0.829
Stenner &
D (3.6-7.8) Nickless
(1975)
265
-------
Glycymeris glycymeris
Gonio"basis sp.
Abalone
Haliotis corrugata
Abalone, paua
Haliotis iris
Red abalone
Haliotis rufescens
Snail
Helix aspersa
Great Britain soft
parts
Illinois "
California muscle
D 3.3
Segar et
al. (1971)
D 2.19-0.37 Anderson
(1977)
W (0.28-0.31) Vattuone et
al. (1976)
digestive
gland
New Zealand soft
parts
California
gill
mantle
digestive
gland
W (50.6-82.2)
Nielsen &
W (0.09-0.24) Nathan
0.17 (1975)
D (3.5-20.0) Anderlini
means (1974)
D (2.8-12.8)
means "
D (183.6-1162.7)
means
digestive D 1400.0
gland (max.)
foot
Great Britain
(not polluted) albumin
D (0.17-0.31)
means
Coughtrey &
D 0.24-SE 0.07 Martin
(1976)
gonad
D
0.26-SE 0.02
collar
D
0.24±SE 0.05
skin
D
0.11-SE 0.06
foot
D
0.5-SE 0.06
kidney
D
0.16-SE 0.06
crop
D
0.86-SE 0.01
digestive
gland
D
2.36-SE 0.19
266
-------
Snail
Helix aspersa
Great Britain
(polluted area) (total)
albumin
gonad
collar
skin
foot
kidney
crop
digestive
gland
(non-polluted
area) (total)
Rock scallop
Hinnites multirugosus California
Anacapa Isl.
•muscle
kidney
D 64.71-SE
Coughtrey
& Martin
(1976)
D 0.96-SE 0.41
D 5.04-SE 0.65
D 5.35-SE 1.25
D 6.99-SE 1.04
D 12.35-SE 1.47
D 82.63-SE 8.91
D 115.86-SE 28.53
D 198.45-SE 23.92
D 6.04-SE 0.64
A 300.0 Webb (1937)
W (0.32-0.79) Vattuone et
0.51-SD 0.12 al. (1976)
W (3.8-16.6)
10.1-SD 3.6
digestive
gland &
stomach
W (123.0-288.0)
211.0-SD 51.9
California
Santa Barbara
Isl. muscle
W (0.26-0.68)
0.35-SD 0.12
soft
parts
W (1.8-46.8)
31.2±SD 15.2
Lampsilis sp.
Illinois
viscera
soft
parts
W (2.5-69.4)
46.3-SD 22.6
,+
Anderson
D 2.23-0.27 (1977)
267
-------
Lasmigona sp.
Sea snail
Liparis liparis
Periwinkle
Littorina littoralis
Periwinkle
Littorina littorea
Illinois
Great Britain
soft
parts
Norway
Norway
(near metal
smelter)
Great Britain
Great Britain
Severn Beach
Great Britain shell
D 1.43
Anderson
(1977)
D 16.8-SD 0.87 Hardisty et
al. (1974a)
D (13.7-16.8) " (1974b)
D (0.0-12.5) Stenner &
Nickless
D 20.0
D 3.54
D 178.0
D 0.012
(1974a)
Mullin &
Riley
(1956)
Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
Mullin &
Riley
(1956)
soft
parts
D 1.84
A 10.0
Webb (1937)
Scotland
coast
Great Britain
Great Britain
Severn estuary
(polluted)
Topping
W (0.03-0.5) (1973b)
0.2
D (0.94-1.5) Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
D (8.0-75.0) Nickless et
al. (1972)
Butterworth
et al.
D (100.0-520.0) (1972)
268
-------
Periwinkle
Littorina littorea
Great Britain soft
parts
W (0.25-1.93)
Wharfe &
Van Den
Broek (1977)
Periwinkle
Littorina littorina
Irish Sea
D (15.0-210.0) Butterworth
et al.
(1972)
W (2.0-15.0) Nickless et
al. (1972)
Periwinkle
Littorina saxatilis Norway
D 6.0
Stenner &
Nickless
(1974a)
Squid
Loligo opalescens
Central Martin &
California liver D (22.6-265.5) Flegal
85.0*51.6 (1975)
S. California
D (33.0-233.1)
121.5-57.9
Squid
Loliguncula brevis N.W. Atlantic
D (0.5-0.7)0.6 Windom
(1972)
Macoma
Macoma nasuta
Los Angeles
harbor
Emerson et
D (0.9-1.0) al. (1976)
Hard shell clam, quahog
Mercenaria mercenaria New England soft
(control) parts
Valiela et
D 1.25-SE 0.12 al. (1974)
New England
(light sewage
sludge)
New England
(heavy sewage
sludge)
U.S. coasts
D 2.18-SE 0.13
D 2.08-SE 0.12
W (0.10-0.73) Pringle et
0.19 al. (1968)
Carolina
coast
W (0.1-0.73) Ronk
0.19 (1971)
269
-------
Hard shell clam, quahog
Mercenaria mercenaria N. W. Atlantic soft
parts
" " Massachusetts "
Windom
D (0.2-1.2)0.7 (1972)
W 0.26-0.31 Roberts et
al. (1975)
Great Britain "
D 2.1
Segar et
al. (1971)
Virginia
Chincoteague
W (0.098-0.159) Zook et
0.122±0.02 al. (1976)
Machas
Mesodesma donacium
Peru
(0.32-0.78) Echegaray
0.55 (1974)
Ribbed mussel
Modiolus modiolus
Great Britain
D 5.8
Segar et
al. (1971)
Black mussel
Modiolus neozelanicus New Zealand
W 0.04
Nielsen &
Nathan
(1975)
Softshell clam
Mya arenaria
Chesapeake
Bay
W (0.059-0.293) Zook et
0.184-0.082 al. (1976)
Eastern United
States
Massachusetts
Pringle et
W (0.10-0.90) al. (1968)
0.27
W 0.30-0.33 Roberts et
al. (1975)
Oregon coast
W 0.029-0.018 Caldwell &
Buhler
(1976)
Ocean mussel
Mytilus califomianus California
W (1.43-2.63) Vattuone et
1.88-SD 0.44 al. (1976)
D (2.0-4.9)3.1 Graham
(1972)
shell
D (<2.5-9.2)4.7
270
-------
Common mussel
Mytilus edulis
Great Britain shell
D 0.003
Mullin &
Riley
(1956)
Norway
soft
parts
D 3.21
D (1.9-29.0) Stenner &
Nickless
(1974a)
Norway
(near metal
smelter)
Irish Sea
Great Britain "
Scotland
Irish Sea
If f!
California
shell
W. Greenland
Great Britain soft
parts
D 140.0
W (0.8-12.0) Nickless et
al. (1972)
D (0.4-60.0)
D 2.5 Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
W (0.1-0.93) Topping
0.33 (1973b)
2.0
D 5.1
W 0.57
Segar et
al. (1971)
D (3.1-6.8)5.0 Graham
(1972)
D (<2.5-5.8)4.6
W (<0.4-0.9) Bollingberg
(1975)
Wharfe &
W (0.55-1.50) Van Den
Broek (1977)
Mussel
Mytilis edulis
aotaenus
New Zealand
Tasman Bay
D (<10.0-<20.0) Brooks &
Rumsby
(1965)
271
-------
Mussel
Mytilis edulis
aotaenus
II !I fl
IV II II
II It fl
Australia
Tasmania
soft
parts
Australia
(polluted bay) "
New Zealand "
Mussel
Mytilis galloprovincialig-
Mediterranean
Mussel
Mytilis viridis
Mud snail
Nassarius fossatus Los Angeles
harbor
shell
mantle
gill
viscera
muscle
N.W. soft
Mediterranean parts
Thailand
Shapiro
(0.51-2.95) (1975)
Eustace
(1974)
Talbot et
al. (1976)
Nielsen &
Nathan
(1975)
Fowler &
Benayoum
(1974)
D
W 5.5
D (2.8-83.0)
W (0.26-1.6)
0.63
D 3.94
W 1.3
D 5.41
W 1.78
D 1.26
W 0.42
D 1.21
W 0.4
D 1.44
W 0.48
D 2.08
W 0.95
Fowler &
D (0.4-5.9)1.9 Oregioni
(1976)
W 0.38
D 2.3
Huschenbeth
& Harms
(1975)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
272
-------
Squid
Notodarius gouldi
Tasmania
W <0.05
Eustace
(1974)
Dog whelk
Nucella lanillus
(=Thais lapillus)
Great Britain shell
D 0.082
Mullin &
Riley
(1956)
If fl
D 37.9
If II
soft Nickless et
parts W (31.0-72.5) al. (1972)
Great Britain
Severn estuary
(polluted)
Great Britain
Butterworth
D (62.0-425.0) et al.
(1972)
D 73.0
Segar et
al. (1971)
Great Britain
(polluted area) "
W (16.3-39.0) Peden et al.
(1973)
Great Britain
(control)
W 2.2
Norway
D (13.0-39.0) Stenner &
Nickless
(1974a)
Great Britain
D 21.0
Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
Great Britain
(clean water) "
Stenner &
D (11.0-62.0) Nickless
36.0-SD 14.0 (1974b)
(transplanted
to polluted
Bristol Channel)
1 mo. "
If If If
5 mo. "
D (44.0-93.0)
63.0-SD 18.0
D (167.0-243.0)
211.0-SD 27.0
Great Britain
Bristol Channel "
(polluted)
D (500.0-1,120.0)
780.0±SD 200.0
273:
-------
Dog whelk
Nucella lapillus
Octopus
Octopus vulgaris
Great Britain soft parts
Bristol Channel
(polluted)
N.W. Atlantic
D (31.0-725.0) Nickless et
al. (1972)
D 0.5
Windom
(1972)
W 0.12
Spain &
Portugal
leg
D 8.0
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
Octopus
Octopus sp.
Tasmania
W <0.05
Eustace
(1974)
Herbivorous gastropod
Olivella biplacata California soft
parts
Schwimer
D (2.3-4.2) (1973)
shell
D 0.2-0.4
Squid
Ommastrephes illecebrosa
N. W. Atlantic
A 500.0
Nicholls et
al. (1959)
Squid
Ommastrephes bartrami Pacific Ocean liver
D (71.0-694.0) Martin &
287.0-202.0 Flegal
(1975)
Pacific oyster
Ostrea angasi
Tasmania soft Ratkowsky
parts W (0.24-18.65) et al.
(1974)
Tasmania
W 10.7
Eustace
(1974)
W (<2.0-2.5) Thrower &
Eustace
(1973)
Tasmania
(polluted
estuaries)
W 18.7-SD 4.2
Australia
(polluted bay)
Talbot et
D (35.5-174.3) al. (1976)
274
-------
Oyster
Ostrea edulis
Dredge oyster
Ostrea lutaria
Oyster
Ostrea sinuata
Great Britain soft
parts
South Africa
Great Britain
New Zealand
Tasman Bay
II II II
II II II
Foveaux Strait
& Stewart Is. 11
II II
New Zealand
New Zealand
(control)
II II
II M
II II
II II
muscle
gill
visceral
mass
mantle
heart
W 1.2
D (3.0-5.0)
D 3.1
W 0.5
D 3.2
W 6.0
D 35.0 (max.)
Portmann &
Yardley
(1972)
Watling &
Watling
(1976a)
Darracott &
Watling
(1975)
Brooks &
Rumsby
(1965)
W (0.12-9.0) Nielsen
(1975)
W (1.40-7.90)
5.75
D (8.7-49.6)
W (0.12-7.9) Nielsen &
3.9
D 23.0
D <10.0
D <10.0
D 12.0
D <10.0
D 36.0
Nathan
(1975)
Brooks &
Rumsby
(1967)
275
-------
Oyster
Ostrea sinuata
Pipi
Paphies australis
New Zealand
(100 hrs. in
50 ppm Cd
seawater)
II II
ft M
II It
New Zealand
(normal)
New Zealand
Tasman Bay
New Zealand
soft
parts
white
muscle
striated
muscle
gill
visceral
mass
mantle
heart
soft
parts
muscle
gill
striated
muscle
visceral
mass
kidney
heart
shell
soft
parts
Tuatua
Paphies subtriangulata "
Brooks &
Rumsby
(1967)
D 100.0
D 53.0
D 25.0
D 360.0
D 141.0 "
D 83.0 "
D 285.0
Brooks &
Rumsby
D (<10.0-43.0) (1965)
35.0
D 207.0
D 20.0
D 97.0
D 61.0
D 118.0
D 154.0
D 20.0
Nielsen &
W (0.12-0.14) Nathan
0.13 (1975)
W (0.29-0.34)0.29
276
-------
Toheroa
Paphies ventricosa
European limpet
Patella vulgata
New Zealand soft
parts
Great Britain
Great Britain
(polluted) "
Great Britain
Somerset coast,
Devon (control)
Nielsen &
W (0.07-0.17) Nathan
0.11 (1975)
D 16.4
Mullin &
Riley
(1956)
D (30.0-550.0) Butterworth
et al.
(1972)
W (10.3-118.5) Peden et
al. (1973)
W 2.0
Great Britain
(from Watchet) soft
parts
f! If ft
shell
Great Britain
Severn estuary soft
parts
Great Britain "
Irish Sea
ft II
fi if
Great Britain
W (46.5-78.0)
W (2.7-3.3)
Butterworth
et al.
D (30.0-550.0) (1972)
D (9.0-500.) Nickless et
al. (1972)
D (2.8-35.0) Preston et
al. (1972)
D 31.0
W 5.5
Segar et
al. (1971)
D (62.0-425.0) Butterworth
et al.
(1972)
D (2.7-8.1) Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
277
-------
Limpet
Patella vulgaris (?)
Norway-
soft Stenner &
parts D (15.0-17.0) Nickless
(1974a)
Limpet
Patella sp.
Great Britain
D 4.4
Dutton et
al. (1973)
D 11.0
Stenner &
Nickless
(1974b)
Great Britain
(unpolluted)
(transplanted
to polluted
Bristol Channel
3 mo.)
D (3.5-28.0)
11.0
D (100.0-300.0)
200.0
Bristol Channel
(local specimens)
D (67.0-440.0)
220.0
Scallop
Pecten maximus
Great Britain shell
shell
D
0.001
gill
D
8.5
gonad
D
0.79
muscle
D
(1.86-1.95)
foot
D
6.3
digestive
gland
D
532.0
mantle
D
5.8
renal
organ
D
152.0
liver
A
(500.0-2,000
Mullin &
Riley
(1956)
Vinogradov
(1953)
Scotland
W (0.55-1.03) Topping
0.77 (1973b)
278
-------
Scallop
Pecten maximus Great Britain
If II If If
tl If ff fl
ff tf ff It
ff ff ff ff
If ff If ff
ft If ff If
ff fl fl ft
Scallop
Pecten novaezelandiae New Zealand
If If ff fl
II ft M fl
If ff If tf
If ff If ft
M ft tf ft
ff ff fl If
If If fl If
tf If ff ff
If If ft ff
If If II If
If tl ff II
soft Bryan
parts D 32.5 (1973)
W 4.1
kidney D 79.0
W 15.5
digestive
gland D 321.0
W 91.7
soft
parts D 13.0 "
W 0.37
W (0.14-0.28) Nielsen &
0.18 Nathan
(1975)
stomach W (15.0-329.0)
137.0
gonad W (0.59-2.4)1.5
adductor
muscle W (0.20-0.82)0.51
soft Brooks &
parts D (210.0-299.0) Rumsby
249.0 (1965)
mantle D <20.0 "
gill D <20.0
muscle D <20.0 "
foot D <20.0
visceral
mass D 2,000.0 "
gonad D <20.0 "
shell D <20.0
279
-------
Green-lipped mussel
Perna canaliculus New Zealand
South African brown mussel
Perna perna South Africa
soft
parts
Pond snail
Physa sp.
Illinois
soft
parts
Giant scallop
Placopecten magellanicus
New York Sound
Delaware
(ocean dump
site, polluted)
Pleurobranchus plumula
Pleurocera sp. Illinois
Polineces duplicata N.W. Atlantic
soft
parts
Polineces lewisii
California
Burrowing clam
Protothaca staminea
soft
parts
anterior
shell
posterior
shell
soft
parts
shell
W (0.10-1.0)
0.30
W 0.29
Nielsen &
Nathan
(1975)
Darracott
& Watling
(1975)
Anderson
D 2.97-0.44 (1977)
Zook et
W (0.04-0.234) al. (1976)
0.136*0.053
D (10.1-59.3)
20.9-6.8
A 400.0
Pesch et
al. (1977)
Webb (1937)
Anderson
D 2.31-0.03 (1977)
D (0.1-0.3) Windom &
0.2 Smith
(1972b)
Schwimer
D (0.3-1.6) (1973)
D 1.4-1.9
Purpura lapillus
D 1.1-1.6
D 5.7-SD 0.2
D 2.9-SD 0.1
A 300.0
Graham
(1972)
Webb (1937)
280
-------
Clam
Quadrula quadrula
Illinois soft • Mathis &
parts W (0.31-1.37) Cummings
0.56 (1973)
Clam
Rangia cuneata
Texas
D 0.5
Sims &
Presley
(1976)
Almejas
Semele solida
Peru
0.45
Echegaray
(1974)
Cuttlefish
Sepia officinalis
Great Britain gill
D 0.11
Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
mantle
D 0.03
Solen marginatus
Spain &
Portugal
D 0.9
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
Sphaerium sp.
Illinois
soft
parts
D 1.99-0.19 Anderson
(1977)
Surf clam
Spisula solida
Spain &
Portugal
D 0.7
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
Surf clam
Spisula solidissima
Maryland heart & W (0.0-0.098) Zook et
tongue 0.061*0.03 al. (1976)
E. United
States
muscle
W <0.25
Greig et
al. (1977b)
Surf clam
Spisula subtruncata
Spain &
Portugal
Stenner &
D (2.9-9.4) Nickless
(1975)
Spider snail
Strombus pugilis
Puerto Rico shell
W (4.2-4.6) Lowman
(1966)
muscle
W (0.16-0.18)
281
-------
Spider snail
Strombus pugilis
Dog whelk
Thais emarginata
Thracia distorta
Puerto Rico muscle
soft
parts
Clam
Strophitus sp.
Squid
Symplectoteuthis
oualaniensis
Short-necked clam
Tapes philippinarum
Little-neck clam
Tapes semidecussata
Tegula funebralis
Dog whelk (carocal)
Thais chocolata Peru
Illinois
Pacific
Ocean
Japan
California
California
Spain &
Portugal
liver
soft
parts
shell
soft
parts
shell
soft
parts
shell
D (0.66-0.81) Lowman
(1966)
W (0.11-0.22)
D (0.73-1.4)
W (0.18-0.32)
D (1.1-1.4)
D 2.52
Anderson
(1977)
D (427.0-1,106.0) Martin &
782.0*255.0 Flegal
(1975)
Ishio et
D (0.474-0.832) al. (1973)
Graham
(1972)
D 9.6-SD 1.4
D 9.6-SD 1.4
D (<0.1-4.8)
D (<2.5-9.7)
(0.09-7.9) Echegaray
2.2 (1974)
Graham
D 13.5-SD 0.1 (1972)
D (<2.5-3.3)
D ND
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
282
-------
Venus striatula
Venerupis decussata
Venerupis rhomboides
"Cuttlefish"
"Octopus"
"Clam"
Spain &
Portugal
Japan
edible
parts
D (1.2-7.7)
D 1.6
D (2.8-3.7)
W 0.12-0.18
W <0.01
W 0.16
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
Yamagata &
Shigematsu
(1970)
283
-------
CADMIUM IN ARTHROPODA
CRUSTACEA
(1)
Species
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
(2)
Authority
Decapod
Acanthonephyra eximea N.W. Africa
D 3.0
Leatherland
et al.
(1973)
Copepod
Acartia clausi
Amphipod
Amphipoda sp.
Greece
whole
Norway
D (0.49-0.84) Zafiropoulos
0.61-0.07 & Grimanis
(1977)
D (5.1-8.8) Stenner &
Nickless
(1974a)
Sowbug
Asellus aquaticus
Sweden
D (0.88-6.3) Ljunggren
et al.
(1971)
Sowbug
Asellus sp.
Illinois
whole
2.62-0.66
Anderson
(1977)
Acorn barnacle
Balanus amphitrites
Spain &
Portugal
Stenner &
(10.8-12.1) Nickless
(1975)
Common barnacle
Balanus balanoides
(1)
Great Britain
D (0.146-0.148) Mullin &
Riley(1956)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
(2) W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. ^ Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
284
-------
Barnacle
Balanus perforatus Spain &
Portugal
Stenner &
D (4.5-5.8) Nickless
(1975)
Ghost shrimp
Callianassa californiensis
Los Angeles
harbor
D (0.7-1.9)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
Blue crab
Callinectes sapidus N.W. Atlantic
D (0.2-0.6) Windom
0.4 (1972)
S. Florida
W 0.42
Ogden et
al. (1974)
Gulf of Mexico
(0.06-0.63) Roberts et
al. (1975)
Texas
whole
D 0.1
Sims &
Presley
(1976)
Chesapeake
Bay muscle
W (0.02-0.158) Zook et al.
0.101-SD 0.047 (1976)
Crayfish
Cambarus sp.
Illinois whole D 1.74-0.05 Anderson
(1977)
Rock crab
Cancer irroratus
E. United
States
muscle
Greig et
W (0.08-1.0) al. (1977b)
ft II fl
II II II
digestive
gland
gill
W (1.1-4.8)
W (0.65-2.7)
New York
Bight
larvae D Cl.2-2.6)
" (1977a)
Dungeness crab
Cancer megister
Oregon
W 0.023-0.007 Caldwell &
Buhler
(1976)
Crab
Cancer pagurus
Great Britain muscle
D 0.153
Mullin &
Riley
(1956)
285
-------
Crab
Cancer pagurus
N.W. Atlantic
W (0.03-3.42) Windom
(1972)
Great Britain whole
muscle
W 0.36-SD 0.42 Wright
(1976)
(0.02-8.6) Reynolds &
Reynolds
(1971)
muscle
(male)
(0.17-8.2)
muscle
(female)
(2.1-9.7)
Scotland muscle W (3.60-13.0) Topping
(1973a)
an
organs
W «0.2-2.1) " (1973b)
Great Britain
North Devon
W 5.0
Peden et
al. (1973)
Coastal green crab
Carcinus maenas Norway
D (1.9-6.9) Stenner &
Nickless
(1974a)
D <1.0
Lande
(1977)
Great Britain
Somerset Coast
(polluted)
W (14.3-33.1)
Peden et
al. (1973)
Great Britain
(after 7 wks.
cleansing)
W 16.7
Great Britain carapace
W 2.63-SD 0.40 Wright
(1976)
gill
muscle
W 0.63-SD 0.49
W 0.51-SD 0.18
hepato-
pancreas
W 1.02-SD 0.62
286
-------
Coastal green crab
Carcinus maenas Great Britain gonad
whole
Barnacle
Chthamalus stellatus Spain &
Portugal
Stridulating hermit crab
Clibanarius strigimanus
Tasmania
Copepods (mixed spp.) N.W. Atlantic
Crab
Corystes cassivelaunus Great Britain
Sand shrimp
Crangon vulgaris " " whole
Mycidacid
Eucopia sculpticauda N.W. Africa
Hermit crab
Eupagurus bernhardus Spain &
Portugal
Hermit crab
Eupagurus sp. Great Britain
Euphausiacea
Euphausia pacifica Oregon whole
If ft ft It
W 0.92-SD 0.45 Wright
(1976)
W 0.98-SD 0.32
W (0.75-3.00) Wharfe &
Van Den
Broek (1977)
Stenner &
D (5.1-6.3) Nickless
(1975)
Eustace
W <0.05 (1974)
D (0.9-3.1)1.7 Windom
(1972)
D 0.149 Mullin &
Riley (1956)
D (4.9-124.8) Hardisty et
al. (1974b)
W 3.50-SD 2.10 Wright
(1976)
D 2.0 Leatherland
et al.
(1973)
Stenner &
D (2.9-7.9) Nickless
(1975)
D 1.31 Mullin &
Riley (1956)
W (0.045-0.36) Robertson
et al.
(1972)
D (0.33-2.8)
237
-------
Gammarus sp.
Red crab
Geryon quinquedens
American lobster
Homarus americanus
Illinois
whole
D <0.5
Middle Atlantic
Bight muscle
gill
Rhode Island
(in 0.01 ppm whole
Cd 21 days) lobster
I! II
II If
n tv ti
if li if
Rhode Island
(control)
If II
II II
II If fl
fl If
II If
II If
muscle
exo-
skeleton
gill
viscera
whole
lobster
muscle
exo-
skeleton
gill
W <0.1
W 0.81
A 5.4
W 0.72
A 11.7
W 0.25
A 4.4
W 0.88
A 31.3
W 0.87
A 37.5
W 1.21
A 5.3
W 0.51
A 10.0
W 0.2
A 4.1
W 0.59
A 17.2
W 0.49
Anderson
(1977)
Greig et
al. (1976)
Eisler et
al. (1972)
288
-------
American lobster
Homarus americanus
Rhode Island
(control) viscera
A 33.8
Eisler et
al. (1972)
European lobster
Homarus vulgaris
II II II
United States
N.W. Atlantic
Scotland
tail
liver
claw
gonad
gill
muscle
Copepoda
Labidocera acutifrons N.W. Africa
Leander serratus
Great Britain whole
Lysmata seticaudata Mediterranean
Sea
whole
W 1.21
W 0.25
D (<0.1-0.5)
<0.2
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1961)
Windom
(1972)
W (0.02-0.20) Topping
0.08 (1973b)
W (3.60-8.75)
4.88
W (0.05-0.15)
0.11
W (0.22-0.40)
0.30
W (1.25-4.15)
2.50
W (<0.03-0.09)
D 9.8
Leatherland
et al.
(1973)
W 2.80-SD 0.91 Wright
(1976)
W 0.41
D 1.7
Fowler &
Benayoun
(1974)
exo-
skeleton
viscera
W 0.76
D 3.15
W 0.91
289
-------
Lysmata seticaudata Mediterranean
Sea viscera
muscle
eye
moult
D 2.76
W 0.09
D 0.39
W 0.42
D 1.26
W 1.26
D 5.46
Fowler &
Benayoun
(1974)
Freshwater prawn
Macrobrachium rosenbergii
Thailand
muscle
W 0.06
W 0.15
Eustace
(1974)
Maia squinada
Spain &
Portugal
brown
muscle
D 0.46
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
tf II
white
muscle,
shell
D 0.74
It II
Euphausid
Meganyctiphanes norvegica
N.W. Africa
white
muscle,
leg
D 0.69
D 0.25
Leatherland
et al.
(1973)
Stone crab
Henippe mercenaria
S. Florida
W (0.05-0.76) Ogden et
al. (1974)
Crab
Mursia gaudichaudii S. California gonad
W (0.2-18.1) Fowler et
5.89-SE 2.17 al. (1975)
digestive
gland
muscle
W (0.2-38.4)
14.62-SE 4.8
W (0.6-1.0)
0.8-SE 0.19
290
-------
Lobster
Nephrops norvegicus Spain &
Portugal
head
D (3.4-6.3)
Stenner &
& Nickless
(1975)
muscle
D 0.7
tail
muscle
D 3.3
head &
soft parts
D 32.0
Decapod
Oplophorus sp.
N.W. Africa
D 13.0
Leatherland
et al.
(1973)
Beach hopper
Orchestoidea californiana
California
whole Bender
body D (12.5-25.0) (1975)
Beach hopper
Orchestoidea corniculata
D (12.5-25.0)
Crayfish
Orconectes sp.
Illinois whole D 1.60-0.50 Anderson
(1977)
Hermit crab
Pagurus bernhardus
Spain &
Portugal
D (2.9-7.9)
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
Shrimp
Palaemon (Leander)
adspersus
trace
Petkevich &
Stepanyuk
(1970)
Shrimp
Palaemon elegans
Great Britain
D 0.31
Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
Pink shrimp
Pandalus borealis
Gulf of
Mexico
W (0.0-0.2) Zook et
0.069-0.066 al. (1976)
Florida
W 0.09
Ogden et
al. (1974)
291
-------
Prawn
Pandalus jordanii Oregon
whole Cutshall
body D (0.18-0.96) & Holton
0.49 (1972)
edible
part
D (0.23-1.06)0.62
D (0.54-1.0) Robertson
0.82
et al.
(1972)
Spiny lobster
Panulirus argus
N.W. Atlantic
W 0.648
Windom &
Smith
(1972b)
D 2.4
Spiny lobster
Panulirus borealis
Florida
tail W (0.059-0.233) Zook et al.
muscle 0.133-SD 0.054 (1976)
Spiny lobster
Panulirus interruptus S. California muscle
W (0.07-0.18) Vattuone et
al. (1976)
hepato-
pancreas
W (5.63-29.34)
Spiny lobster
Panulirus st».
S. Florida
W (0.09-0.21) Ogden et
al. (1974)
Atlantic Ocean
W 0.133-SD
0.054
Zook et
al. (1976)
King crab
Paralithodes camschatica
Alaska
leg W (0.0-0.158)
muscle 0.072-SD 0.049
body W (0.02-0.189)
muscle 0.121-SD 0.047
Brown shrimp
Penaeus aztecus
Gulf of
Mexico
Texas
whole
W (0.0-0.119) Roberts et
0.045-0.044 al. (1975)
D <0.1+
Sims &
Presley
(1976)
292
-------
Brown shrimp
Penaeus aztecus
Texas
muscle D (0.05-0.33) Horowitz &
0.16 Presley
(1977)
exo-
skeleton
D (0.32-0.89)
0.50
viscera
D (1.40-3.50)
2.55
W (D.0-0.119) Zook et al,
0.045*0.044 (1976)
W (0.04-0.24) Sidwell &
0.09-SD 0.06 Loomis
(1976)
Blue leg king prawn
Penaeus latisulcatus Thailand
W 0.19
Huschenbeth
& Harms
(1975)
Prawn
Penaeus merguiensis
W 0.046
Tiger prawn
Penaeus monodon
W (0.1-0.13)
Green tiger prawn
Penaeus semisuleatus
W 0.01
White shrimp
Penaeus setiferus
Gulf of Mexico
off Mississippi
Florida
W (0.056-0.112) Zook etal.
0.079-SD 0.022 (1976)
W (0.0-0.076)
0.049-SD 0.023
N.W. Atlantic
(<0.1-0.5) Windom &
<0.2
Smith
(1972b)
S.E. United States
D <0.2
Windom
(1972)
Shrimp
Penaeus spp.
United States
W 0.25
Schroeder &
Balassa
(1961)
293
-------
Copepod
Pleuromamma xiphias Puerto Rico
m 11
f? I!
Crayfish
Procambarus gracilis Indiana
Crayfish
Procambarus sp.
Kelp crab
Pugettia producta
Illinois
Decapos
Systellaspis debilis N.W. Africa
Fiddler crab
Uca pugilator
Copepod
Undinula vulgaris
Canada
(exposed to
10 ppm Cd
72 hrs.)
tr ft it
Puerto Rico
If fl
II II
tail
whole
California feces
gill
hepato-
pancreas
A (8.0-36.0)
W (0.32-1.4)
D (2.7-12.0)
W 0.11-0.05
D 2.77-0.04
D 13.0
Martin
(1970)
Yost et
al. (1974)
Anderson
(1977)
A (ND-3.2) Booth &
Knauer
(1972)
Leatherland
et al.
(1973)
0'Hara
(1973)
(10.2-92.0)
(6.5-200.2)
A (7.0-27.0)
W (0.21-1.1)
D (2.3-9.0)
Martin
(1970)
294
-------
CADMIUM IN ARTHROPODA
INSECTA
DIPTERA
Beach fly
Coelopa vanduzeii
California adult
larva
D (10.0-149.7) Bender
(1975)
D 35.0
Blood worm
Chironomid larvae
Indiana
whole
body
Illinois
Fruitfly
Drosophila athabasca Missouri
(control)
Fruitfly
Drosophila robusta "
Fruitfly-3 species
Drosophila athabasca Missouri
Drosophila melanogaster dist. from
Drosophila robusta smelter (km):
f If If If tf It II ft
f ft If tf If If If If
tf tf
ff ft
ff If
tf ft
" 0.16
" 0.8
" 1.6
" 3.2
f ff ff ff ft fl ft ft ff
I ff fl ff ft fl tf ff fl
8.0
8.0
(hotspot)
W 0.19
W 4.3
D 2.17
It If ff If ft
ft fl ff
32.2
D 8.1-0.9
D 7.4-1.4
D 4.9-0.2
D 4.6*0.2
D 3.8-0.6
D 9.7-1.2
D 2.6-0.1
Yost et
al. (1974)
Anderson
(1977)
D (1.5-4.1) Lower
2.8 (1974)
D (1.2-2.3)
1.7
Beach fly
Fucellia rufitibia California adult
D (10.0-149.7) Bender
(1975)
295
-------
Beach fly
Fucellia rufitibia
Blackfly
Simulium sp.
California
Midge
Glyptotendipes sp. Idaho
Illinois
larva
whole
body
larva,
whole
body
D 35.0
16.0
D 2.53
Bender
(1975)
Funk et
al. (1973)
Anderson
(1977)
COLEOPTERA
Water beetle
Berosus sp.
Water beetle
Dineutes sp.
Helophorus sp.
Lady bug beetle
Hippodamia sp.
Tropisternus sp.
Illinois
California
Illinois
larva
adult
larva
D <0.5
D <0.5
D <0.5
D 0.0
D <0.5
Anderson
(1977)
Bender
(1975)
Anderson
(1977)
NEUROPTERA
Alderfly
Sialis sp.
Sweden
whole
body
D (0.17-11.0)
Ljunggren
et al.
(1971)
EPHEMEROPTERA
Mayfly
Baetis sp. Idaho " 70.0 Funk et
al. (1973)
Mayfly
Baetis sp. Illinois nymph D <0.5 Anderson
(1977)
Mayfly
Hexagenia sp. " " D <0.5 "
296
-------
Mayfly
Potamanthus sp.
Mayfly
Stenonema sp.
Illinois
nymph
D 6.33
D 5.55-0.46
Anderson
(1977)
ODONATA
Damselfly
Agrion splendens
Damselfly
Amphiagrion sp.
Dragonfly
Anax j unius
Damselfly
Argia sp.
Damselfly
Senagrion sp.
Sweden
Illinois
Sweden
larva
adult
nymph
larva
D (5.8-9.7)
D (0.95-2.0)
D <0.05
D <0.05
D <0.05
D 1.5
Ljundggren
et al.
(1971)
Anderson
(1977)
Ljundggren
et al.
(1971)
0RTH0PTERA
Cricket
Acheta domestica
Tennessee
(fed 109cd0)
Retained 8% Andersen et
in 12 days al. (1973)
Cricket
Pteronemobius sp.
Tennessee
(¦^^Cd added
to field)
0.42
TRICHOPTERA
Caddis fly
Cheumatopsvche
Illinois
larva
Caddis fly
Hydropsyche pellucidula
Sweden
D 1.49-0.46
D (0.28-1.5)
Anderson
(1977)
Ljundggren
et al. (1971)
297
-------
Caddis fly
Hydropsyche sp.
Caddis fly
Hydropsyche sp.
HEMIPTERA
Belostoma sp.
Water boatman
Notonecta sp.
Ranatra sp.
Sigara sp.
ARACHNIDA
Wolf spider
Lycosa sp.
Idaho
whole
body
45.0
Funk et
al. (1973)
Illinois larva D 1.52-0.76 Anderson
(1977)
adult
D <0.05
D <0.05
D <0.05
D <0.05
Tennessee Andersen
(fed on' l^CdO et ai.
crickets for (1973)
30 days) D 0.03
298
-------
CADMIUM IN ECHINODERMATA^
Species
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Sea star
Asterias rubens
Great Britain
Sweden
without
viscera
Norway
D 1.66
D 1.6
D (1.1-1.7)
A 30.0
Mullin &
Riley (1956)
Leatherland
& Burton
(.1974)
Noddack &
Noddack
(1940)
Webb (1937)
D (10.0-18.0) Stenner &
Nickless
(1974a)
Spain &
Portugal
Russia
D (0.6-12.0)
D 1.1
" (1975)
Malyuga
(1941)
Sea urchin
Brissopsis lyrifera Sweden
without
viscera
D 0.03
Noddack &
Noddack
(1940)
(1)
(2)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
299
-------
Red starfish
Coscinasterias calamaria
Asteroid
Echinus esculentus
Tasmania
Great Britain
Echinoid
Henricia sanguinolenta 11
Echinoid
Luidia ciliaris "
Sea star
Marthasterias glacialis "
Sand dollar
Mellita lata
Brittle star
Ophiocomina nigra
Puerto Rico
Great Britain
Sea urchin
Paracentrotus lividus ovary
Mud starfish
Patiriella regularis Tasmania
Sea star
Pisaster brevispinus S. California ray
gonad
stomach
hepatic
caecum
Sea star
Pisaster sp.
California
(outfall,
polluted)
W 0.6
D 0.325
D 1.12
D 14.8
D 1.46
Eustace
(1974)
Mullin &
Riley (1956)
D (4.0-4.7) Lowman et
4.3 al. (1966)
D (0.94-0.963) Mullin &
Riley (1956)
A 30.0
A 30.0
W 0.7
Webb (1937)
Eustace
(1974)
D (0.7-2.4) Schwimer
(1973)
D 0.6-0.8
D (1.9-3.6)
D (7.1-46.3)
D 46.3-20.6 Graham
(1972)
300
-------
Echinoid
Porania pulvillus
Great Britain' skin,
aboral
surface
D 16.3
A 26.9
Mullin &
Riley
(1956)
inter-
radial
septa
D 13.1
A 17.7
Sea urchin
Psammechinus miliaris
D (0.435-0.45)
Asteroid
Spatangus purpureus
without
gut
gut and
contents
D 0.24
D 0.81
Echinoid
Stichastrella rosea
D 6.3
Sea cucumber
Stichopus tremulus
Sweden
Purple sea urchin
Strongylocentrotus franciscanus
California
"Sea cucumber"
"Sea urchin"
Japan
without
viscera
gonad
edible
part
soft
parts
D 2.6
W 0.57
W 0.076
W 0.076
Noddack &
Noddack
(1940)
Vattuone et
al. (1976)
Yamagata &
Shigematsu
(1970)
301
-------
CADMIUM IN LOWER INVERTEBRATES^
PROTOZOA
A 1 * C2)
Analysis
Species Locality Tissue PPM Authority
Foraminifera
Ramulina sp. Great Britain whole D (2.18-2.24) Mullin &
Riley (1956)
CADMIUM IN LOWER INVERTEBRATES
CTENOPHORA
"Comb jellyfish" New York Greig et
Bight whole D (1.8-2.4) al. (1977a)
CADMIUM IN LOWER INVERTEBRATES
SCYPHOZOA
Pelagia sp. N.W. Africa whole D 5.3 Leatherland
et al.
(1973)
CADMIUM IN LOWER INVERTEBRATES
PORIFERA
Sponge
Halichondria sp. Sweden D 1.10 Noddack &
Noddack
(1940
^Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
(2)
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-^y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
302
-------
Sponge
Halichondria panicea Great Britain
Brittle cup sponge Puerto Rico
Pliable cup sponge
If ft II
II II
II II
D 1.85
D 0.85
D (1.2-2.5)
2.1
D (2.0-4.5)
3.3
W (0.25-1.0)
0.61
Mullin &
Riley ( 1956)
Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
Lowman et
al. (1966)
CADMIUM IN LOWER INVERTEBRATES
C0ELENTERATA
Coral
Alcyonium digitatum Great Britain
Cerianthus sp.
Jellyfish
Cynaea capillata
California
Sweden
D 1.15
D 0.9
D 11.0
Mullin &
Riley (1956)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
Noddack &
Noddack
(1940)
Coral
Eusmilia fastigiata
Puerto Rico
D (3.5-4.4)
4.0
Lowman et
al. (1966)
Coral
Meandrina neandrite
II II
D (2.9-4.6)
4.2
Sea anemone
Metridium dianthus
Tealia felina
Sweden
Great Britain
D 0.4
D 0.07
Noddack &
Noddack
(1940)
Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
303
-------
"jellyfish"
New York
Bight
D 2.1
Greig et
al. (1977a)
CADMIUM IN LOWER INVERTEBRATES
NEMERTEA
Lineus longissimus
A 20.0
Webb (1937)
CADMIUM IN LOWER INVERTEBRATES
TUNICATA
Ascidiacea sp.
Tasmania
whole
Botryllus schlosseri Great Britain
Ciona intestinalis Sweden
California tunic
Pyrosoma sp.
Sea squirt
N.W. Africa
San Diego
Bay
internal
organs
W 0.2
D 2.7
D 0.6
D 3.0
D 1.2
D 0.44
W (CO.1-0.5)
0.2
Eustace
(1974)
Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
Noddack &
Noddack
(1940)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
Leatherland
et al.
(1973)
Seba
(undated)
CADMIUM IN LOWER INVERTEBRATES
ANNELIDA
Earthworm
Alabophera sp.
Tennessee
whole
D (3.1-9.3)
5.7
Van Hook
(1974)
304
-------
Earthworm
Allolobophora chlorotica
Allolobophora trapezpides
Allolobophora turgida
Lumbricus terrestris Maryland
dist. from high-
All species
way (meters):
1 " 3
11 ii
it 11
it ii
6.1
12.2
24.4
" 48.8
" Patuxent
(control)
Cirriformia luxuriosa California
Earthworm
Eisenia rosea
Leech
Erpobdella sp.
Illinois
(control)
Illinois
(exp. 55 cm
sludge)
Illinois
(exp. 110
cm sludge)
Sweden
D 12.6
D 8.8
D 8.3
D 6.9
D 7.1
D 3.0
D (1.0-1.8)
D 2.0
D 18.0
D 30.0
D (0.34-1.7)
Gish &
Christensen
(1973)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
Illinois
(1972)
Lundggren
et al.
(1971)
Leech
Erpobdella sp.
Illinois
whole
D 3.8-0.3
Anderson
(1977)
Tubificid worm
Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri
Limnodrilus longissimus
W (0.5-3.2)1.1 Mathis &
Cummings
(1973)
A 0.02
Vinogradov
(1953)
305
-------
Earthworm
Lumbricus sp.
Lumbrineris sp.
Nephthys sp.
Notomastus tenuis
Earthworm
Octolasium sp.
Oligochaetes
Leech
Placobdella sp.
Polychaete
Sigambra tentacula
Tubificid worm
Tubifex tubifex
Tennessee
California
Tennessee
whole
Sandworm
Nereis diversicolor Great Britain
California
Tennessee
Idaho
Indiana
Illinois
California
Illinois
whole
whole
whole
body
D (3.1-9.3)
5.7
D 1.3
A 0.0
D (0.08-3.6)
W (0.2-0.5)
D 0.6
D (3.1-9.3)
5.7
W 4.3
230.0
D <0.5
Van Hook
(1974)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
Vinogradov
(1953)
Bryan &
Hummerstone
(1973a)
Wharfe &
Van Den
Broek (1977)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
Van Hook
(1974)
Funk et
al. (1973)
Yost et
al. (1975)
Anderson
(1977)
D (1.3-8.3) Emerson et
al. (1976)
W (0.5-3.2) Mathis &
1.1 Cummings
(1973)
306
-------
CADMIUM IN HIGHER PLANTS
(1)
Species
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Mountain maple
Acer glabrum
Norway maple
Acer platanoides
Red maple
Acer rubrum
Rocky
Mountains
Tl I!
leaf
stem
leaf
stem
Connecticut leaf
twig
United States leaf
Tennessee
A 1.6-3.06
A 4.9-2.0
D 0.09
D 0.17
D (0.5-2.0)
1.0±SE 0.1
D (0.5-2.0)0.7
-SE 0.1
D 1.7
D 0.17
Shacklette
(1972)
Smith
(1973)
Hanna &
Grant
(1962)
Van Hook
et al.
(1974)
branch D 0.34
trunk D 0.24
^Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
(2)
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
307
-------
Silver maple
Acer saccharinum
Sugar maple
Acer saccharum
Bunch grass
Agropyron sp.
Onion
Allium cepa
II If
II II
United States leaf
United States "
Connecticut "
twig
New Hampshire twig &
& Vermont leaf
Milfoil
Achillea millefolium Germany
leaf
Idaho
(near PO^ processing
plant)
United States bulb
Montana
Canada
leaf
bulb
Great
Britain
Czechoslavakia
Romania
D 0.1
D 0.21
D (0.5-1.5)
1.0-SE 0.1
D (0.5-1.5)
0.8-SE 0.1
D (0.0-5.0)
D 0.02
0.04
Hanna &
Grant
(1962)
Smith
(1973)
Ernst
(1975)
Gough &
Severson
D (2.0-250.0) (1976)
W 0.01
W (0.1-0.5)
D (0.63-1.5)
D (0.25-3.1)
D (0.93-1.4)
W (0.01-0.09) Thomas et
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
Hutchinson
et al.
(1974)
al. (1972)
W 0.047-SE 0.003 Lener &
Bibr
(1971)
W 0.0077
Rautu &
Sporn (1970)
308
-------
Onion
Allium cepa
Japan
bulb
Welsh onion
Allium fistulosa
Leek
Allium porrum
Garlic
Allium sativum
Germany
(control)
Germany
(polluted)
Japan
(500 m from
refinery)
Japan
(unpolluted)
Great Britain
Czechoslavakia
Ragweed
Ambrosia artemisiifolia
Ragweed
Ambrosia elatior
(in 100 ppm
Cd solution)
(in 250 ppm
Cd solution)
(in 500 ppm
Cd solution)
leaf &
stem
leaf
Pineapple
Ananas comosus
Big bluestem grass
Andropogon gerardii
Missouri
fruit
(canned)
stem &
leaf
W 0.012
Ishizaki et
al. (1970a)
W (0.003-0.018) Yamagata &
Shigematsu
(1970)
,+
Anke et
W 0.08-0.06 al. (1976)
W 0.4-0.19
Kobayashi
(1972)
D 14.0
D 1.0
W (0.02-0.09) Thomas et
0.04 al. (1972)
W 0.077-SE 0.001 Lener &
Bibr (1971)
D 0.46
480.0
Prince
(1957)
Illinois
(1972)
3,080.0
4,700.0
0.059
A 0.5
D 0.03
USHEW
(1975)
Shacklette
(1972)
309
-------
Bluestern grass
Andropogon sp.
Indiana
Tennessee
Anemone
Anemone cylindrica Indiana
Celery
Apium graveolans dulce (Cd in soil
0, control) stalk
(Cd in soil
2.5 ppm) "
(Cd in soil
10.0 ppm) 11
(Cd in soil
0, control) leaf
(Cd in soil
2.5 ppm) "
(Cd in soil
10.0 ppm) "
" " " Czechoslavakia stalk
" Great Britain
" Ontario
leaf
root
Apios americana
Indiana
D 0.55
Yost et al.
(1975)
D 0.21-SD 0.06 Huckabee &
Blaylock
(1973)
D 1.2
Yost et al.
(1975)
Haghiri
(1973)
D 1.26
D 5.83
D 14.87
D 0.83
D 3.77
D 10.77 "
W 0.058isE 0.013 Lener &
Bibr(1971)
W (v0.01-0.05) Thomas et
0.04 al. (1972)
D (1.14-2.02) Hutchinson
et al.
D (0.73-4.3)
D 4.4
(1974)
Yost et al.
(1975)
Kinnikinnik
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Colorado
A 5.0 geom.
mean
Shacklette
(1972)
stem
D 0.23
310
-------
Kinnikinnik
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi
Colorado
leaf
Pink
Armeria calaminaria Germany "
Big sagebrush
Artemisia tridentata
ssp. tridentata
h ir if
f! tf M
Idaho
(dist. from
PO^ factories):
" " 3 km upwind
" " 3 km downwind
Asparagus
Asparagus officinalis Japan
(500 m from
refinery)
Aster
Aster sp.
Oats
Avena sativa
Indiana
Montana
Sweden
Sweden
(4 km NW Cd
alloy plant)
Canada
leaf
root
grain
D 0.21
D 1.1
Shacklette
(1972)
Ernst
(1975)
Gough &
Severson
(1976)
D (23.0-38.0)
D (78.0-130.0)
D 9.0
D 2.42
Kobayashi
(1972)
Yost et
al. (1975)
(increased Cd in John et al.
soil increased (1972)
Cd in root but
not in top)
W 0.6
Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
W (0.005-0.048) Kjellstrom
et al.
(1974)
W (0.081-0.108)
D 0.8
Hutchinson
et al.
(1974)
D 2.0
D 0.6
311
-------
Oats
Avena sativa
Beet
Beta vulgaris
Birch
Betula sp.
grain
Germany
(control)
Germany
(polluted)
Montana
Swiss chard
Beta vulgaris cicla Maryland
(control)
Maryland
(grown on sludge
fortified soil)
S.W. Missouri
(on mineralized
ground) leaf
If M ft If
II II M ft
If I? ft If
twig
wood
bark
Rutabaga
Brassica napobrassica Montana
Kale
Brassica oleracea acephala
" (polarographic)
D 3.9
,+
W 0.21-1.48
W (0.1-2.5)
D 1.2
D (3.3-4.1)
D 18.0
D 14.0
D 6.5
D 21.0
W 0.3
D 1.0
D 0.89-0.16
D 1.0-0.1
John (1973)
Anke et
W 0.04-0.04 al. (1976)
+,
Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
Furr et
al. (1976)
Cannon
(1974)
Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
Shacklette
(1972)
Cheuca et
al. (1969)
Shacklette
(1972)
" (neutron activation)
D 0.384
312
-------
Cauliflower
Brassica oleracea botrytis
Canada
leaf
root
head
leaf
root
D (0.55-1.03)
D (0.49-1.3)
D 0.52
D 4.8
D 1.8
Hutchinson
et al.
(1974)
John (1973)
Cabbage
Brassica oleracea capitata
Montana
" Japan
leaf
" United States
" Romania
" Japan
" United States
" Great Britain
" Canada
root
" Japan
(1200 m from outer
refinery) leaf
Hindawi &
W (<0.05-0.4) Neely
(1972)
W (0.12-0.022) Yamagata &
Shigematsu
(1970)
W 0.07 Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
W 0.0 Rautu &
Sporn
(1970)
W 0.009 Ishazaki
et al.
(1970)
W 0.034 Fulkerson
& Goeller
(1973)
W (0.01-0.15) Thomas et
0.04 al.(1972)
tt II IT tl M
inner
leaf
D (0.6-2.3)
D (0.48-2.6)
D 7.0
D 3.0
Hutchinson
et al.
(1974)
Kobayashi
(1972)
313
-------
Cabbage
Brassica oleracea capitata
Montana
?I It I? T„~
Jap a,n
Brussels sprouts
Brassica oleracea gemmifera
Great Britain
Kohlrabi
Brassica oleracea gongyloides
Montana
" United States
If If
leaf
head
" Germany
(control)
" Germany
(polluted)
Broccoli
Brassica oleracea italica
leaf
root
D 12.0
W 0.012
W (0.01-0.11)
0.03
W (0.1-0.2)
W 0.09
W 0.052
W 0.0,8-0.05
W 0.42-0.33
D 2.7
D 6.5
Gordon
(1972)
Yamagata &
Shigematsu
(1970)
Thomas et
al. (1972)
Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Fulkerson
& Goeller
(1973)
Anke et
al. (1976)
John (1973)
Turnip
Brassica rapa
Japan
(450 m from
refinery)
M ii n
root
leaf
D 5.0
D 15.0
Kobayashi
(1972)
Germany
(control)
W 0.19-0.12
Anke et
al. (1976)
Germany
(polluted)
W 5.87-3.75
314
-------
Scotch heather
Calluna vulgaris
Tea
Camellia sinensis
Sweden
Japanese
green tea
leaf
United States instant
tea
Germany
Bluebell
Campanula rotundifolia Germany
Pepper
Capsicum frutescens
(Cd in soil
0, control)
(Cd in soil
2.5 ppm)
(Cd in soil
10.0 ppm)
Missouri
Australia
Sedge
Carex stricta
Shagbark hickory
Carya ovata
Hickory
Carya spp.
Indiana
Missouri
Tennessee
instant
leaf
stem
leaf
0.73 g Cd/ha Tyler et
al. (1973)
W 2.5
W 0.008
(0.29-0.32)
infusion W 0.01
W 0.008
D 0.95
D 0.76
D 3.82
D 6.28
<0.5
D 0.63
D 0.47
D 1.27
D 0.38
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1961)
Kropf &
Geldmacher
(1968)
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Ernst
(1975)
Haghiri
(1973)
Missouri
Univ. (1972)
Beavington
(1975)
Yost et
al. (1975)
Shacklette
(1972)
Van Hook et
al. (1974)
315
-------
Hickory
Carya spp.
Tennessee
twig
branch
bole
root
D 0.93
D 0.39
D 0.33
D 0.33
Van Hooket
al. (1974)
Sticky laurel
Ceanothus velutinus
Colorado
0^ litter D 0.62
litter D 0.20
branch D 0.03
Coontail
Ceratophyllum demersum Michigan
D (0.048-0.291)
0.164-0.036
Rabbit brush
Chrysothamnus sp. Montana
(leaves collected Cd in airborne dust)
Tangarine
Citrus reticulata
Orange
Citrus sinensis
United States
Japan
United States fruit
W 0.02
W 0.003
(0.0-0.43)
0.04
Yellow clintonia
Clintonia borealis
Japan
Canada
dist. from
smelter (km):
fl If II
II II I!
W 0.002
Shacklette
(1972)
Mathis &
Kevern
(1975)
Munshower
(1972)
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Ishazaki
et al.
(1970a)
US HEW
(1975)
Yamagata &
Shigematsu
(1970)
LeBlanc et
al. (1974)
1.1
1.9
D 4.6
D 15.7
316
-------
Yellow clintonia
Clintonia borealis
Coffee
Coffea arabica
Dogwood
Cornus florida
Hawthorn
Crataegus monogyna
Canada
(dist. from
smelter (km)):
Coreopsis
Coreopsis lanceolata Indiana
Coreopsis
Coreopsis tripteris
Tennessee
3.0
5.0
6.3
8.3
11.0
seed
(ground)
instant
instant,
dried
ground
twig
branch
bole
leaf
Great Britain unwashed
leaf
Sugi, Japanese cedar
Cryptomeria japonica Japan
(smelting
area)
D 5.0
D 3.2
D 2.8
D <0.4
D <0.4
W 0.32
W 0.006
W 2.27
W 0.35
D 4.4
D 4.85
D 0.40
D 0.04
D 0.31
D 1.10
D 6.04-0.98
LeBlanc et
al. (1974)
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Yost et
al. (1975)
Van Hook et
al. (1974)
Little
(1973)
High levels of Ishizaki
Cd in rings et al.
from 1910-1943 (1970a)
317
-------
Cucumber
Cucumis sativus
Pumpkin
Cucurbita pepo
Curly top grass
Danthonia spicata
Carrot
Daucus carota
Great Britain
Japan
United States
United States
New York
root
Great Britain "
Czechoslavakia
Japan
Japan
(700 m from
refinery)
Canada
leaf
root
New York
Kansas
(smelter)
Washington, D.C.
W 0.01
D <0.1
0.028
W 0.3
D 0.96
Thomas et
al. (1972)
Kobayashi
(1972)
Williams &
David
(1973)
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Cannon
(1969)
W (0.09-0.22) Thomas et
0.13 al. (1972)
W 0.086-SE 0.024 Lener &
Bibr(1971)
W 0.041
W 0.05
D 10.0
D (0.99-1.5)
D (0.43-0.98)
D O.96
D 8.0
D 1.5
Ishizaki et
al'. (1970)
Yamagata &
Shigematsu
(1970)
Kobayashi
(1972)
Hutchinson
et al.
(1974)
Cannon
(1969)
Lagerwerff
& Brower
(1974)
It
318
-------
Hairgrass
Deschampsia flexuosa
Sweden
(polluted area) leaf
II It M
II II II
root
leaf
litter
Crowberry
Empetrum nigrum
Horsetail rush
Equisetum arvense
Sweden
Indiana
Horsetail
Equisetum fluviatile Nova Scotia
(above ground)
Scouring rush
Equisetum hyemale
Heath
Erica tetralix
Nova Scotia
(below ground)
Indiana
Sweden
Eryngo
Eryngium yuccifolium Indiana
Euphorbia
Euphorbia corollata
Euphrasia stricta
Beech
Fagus grandifolia
Fescue grass
Festuca ovina
Germany
United States
leaf
Germany
leaf
D 7.6
D 11.0
D 12.0
0.1 g/ha
D 2.0
D (0.92-6.08)
D (3.59-5.54)
D 0.87
0.69 g/ha
D 0.37
D 0.86
D 0.4
W 0.04
D 0.13
Tyler
(1972)
Yost et
al. (1975)
Ray &
White
(1976)
Yost et al.
(1975)
Tyler
(1972)
Yost et
al. (1975)
Ernst
(1975)
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Ernst
(1975)
319
-------
Red fescue grass
Festuca rubra
Tall fescue
Festuca sp.
Wales
dist. downwind
from industry (km):
1.5
3.0
5.0-6.0
6.5
16.0
Wales
(uncontaminated,
18 km upwind)
Wales
(uncontaminated
grass hay)
Wales
(contaminated
grass hay)
Tennessee
(109Cd added
to area)
Wales
time after closing
Zn/Pb smelter (mo.):
0
3
9
11
n it
Maryland
dist. from
road (m):
II II II
II It It
8
16
Goodman &
Roberts
(1971)
D 40.0
D 9.0
D (2.5-3.0)
D 0.7
D (1.3-1.4)
D 0.8
D 1.0
D 9.0
D (0.002-0.01)
D 48.0
D 11.0
D 9.0
D 7.0
D (0.75-0.95)
D (0.63-0.73)
Andersen
et al.
(1973)
Roberts &
Goodman
(1973)
Lagerwerff
& Specht
(1970)
320
-------
Tall fescue
Festuca sp.
Soybean
Glycine max
n i»
II I!
If tf
II It
If If
Maryland
dist. from
road (m):
Tennessee
32
Strawberry
Fragaria virginiana Indiana
Bedstraw
Galium obtusum
(Cd in soil plant
10 ppm) top
(Cd in soil
50 ppm) "
(Cd in soil
100 ppm) "
Ohio
(sludge-treated
soil) bean
leaf
ff II ff
(with Cd dust
in soil 29 ppm
+ lime)
(58 ppm Cd + lime)
(116 ppm Cd + lime)
(29 ppm Cd, no lime)
(58 ppm Cd, no lime)
(116 ppm Cd, no lime)
(control + lime)
(control, no lime)
Lagerwerff
& Specht
(1970)
D (0.48-0.50)
D 0.279-SD 0.5 Huckabee &
Blaylock
(1973)
D 0.89
D 1.8
D 13.0
D 24.0
D 26.0
2.4
10.2
D 4.7
D 5.3
D 13.0
D 17.0
D 23.0
D 36.0
D 1.5
D 1.0
Yost et
al. (1975)
Haghiri
(1973)
Kirkham
(1974)
Andersen
et al.
(1973)
321
-------
Soybean
Glycine max
Kansas
( 2 km from
smelter)
If II fl
II II II
Sunflower
Helianthus divaricatus Indiana
Sunflower
Helianthus occidentalis "
stem
leaf
pod
Sunflower
Helianthus sp.
Hoeleria cristata
Barley
Hordeum vulgare
Hypoxis hirsuta
American holly
Ilex opaca
Montana
Indiana
leaf
Japan
(0.4 to 2.5 km
from mine
refinery)
fl If
Montana
Sweden
(1963-1971)
Indiana
gram
leaf
grain
United States leaf
D 2.9
D 5.8
D 1.0
D 1.72
D 5.16
W 1.0
D 1.01
6.8
4.0
W (0.1-1.2)
W 6.3
Lagerwerff
et al.
(1973)
Yost et
al. (1975)
Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
Yost et
al. (1975)
Kobayashi
et al.
(1970)
Kobayashi
et al.
(1970)
Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
Kjellstrom
W (0.025-0.045) et al.
(1975)
D 7.7
D 5.2
Yost et
al. (1975)
Hanna &
Grant
(1962)
322
-------
Rush
Juncus sp.
Indiana
D 0.39
Yost et
al. (1975)
Juniper
Juniperus communis
ssp. nana
Colorado
II If It
leaf
branch
D 0.11
D 0.26
Shacklette
(1972)
Red cedar
Juniperus virginianus Missouri
stem &
leaf
D 0.1
Missouri
(near lead
smelter ore
trucks)
A 9.3
Connor et
al. (1971)
Missouri
(control)
Missouri
A 2.8
A (1.7-1.8)
D (0.098-0.11) Connor et
al. (1970)
D 0.56 max. "
Mountain laurel
Kalmia latifolia
United States leaf
D 0.43
Hanna &
Grant
(1962)
Lettuce
Lactuca sativa
(control)
(Cd in soil
2.5 ppm)
(Cd in soil
10.0 ppm)
Missouri
(smelter
town)
II II II
United States
root
leaf
D 2.80 Haghiri
(1973)
D 11.50
D 27.10
Hemphill
et al.
D (2.0-98.3) (1973)
D (3.29-34.5)
0.062-0.124 US HEW
(1975)
323
-------
Lettuce
Lactuca sativa
Canada
Duckweed
Lemna minor
Duckweed
Lemna valdiviana
Blazing star
Liatrxs spicata
Australia
(near Cu
smelter)
Montana
(grown in
smelter area)
Montana
(grown at
Missoula)
United States
Kansas-smelter
Washing ton, D.C.
leaf
root
leaf
Connecticut
(polluted
lake)
Canada
Indiana
whole
plant
Orchid
Liparis lilifolia
Sweet gum
Liquidambar styraciflua
Missouri
Tulip poplar
Liriodendron tulipifera
Tennessee
stem
leaf
twig
324
D 1.9
D 2.3
D 4.5-1.2
D (4.0-28.0)10.6
D (<1.0-1.2)
D (0.3-0.5)
Hutchinson
et al.
(1974)
Beavington
(1975)
Gordon
(1972)
D 3.8
D 0.84
D 17.0?
7.2
D 4.79
D 1.9
D 0.41
D 0.29
D 0.05
Shacklette
(1972)
Lagerwerff
& Brower
(1974)
Cowgill
(1970)
Hutchinson
& Czyrska
(1972)
Yost et
al. (1975)
Shacklette
(1972)
Van Hook et
al. (1974)
-------
Tulip poplar
Liriodendron tulipifera
Tennessee
branch D 0.03
bole D 0.03
root D 0.15
Van Hooket
al. (1974)
Lithospermum canescens Indiana
01 litter D 0.79
02 litter D 1.00
D 0.94
Perennial ryegrass
Lolium perenne
Birdsfoot trefoil
Lotus comiculatus
Lupine
Lupinus perennis
Great Britain
(near smelter)
Germany
Indiana
leaf
Tomato
Lycopersicum esculentum
Ohio
(sludge-treated
soil) fruit
leaf
United States fruit
Netherlands
Italy
Japan
(near smelter)
Japan
fruit
(canned)
D 50.0 (max.)
D 0.02
D 0.7
0.5
6.1
W 0.03
W 0.25
(0.02-0.05)
fruit
D 2.0
W 0.032
Yost et
al. (1975)
Little &
Martin
(1972)
Ernst
(1975)
Yost et
al. (1975)
Kirkham
(1974)
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Nilsson
(1970)
Kobayashi
(1972)
Ishizaki et
al. (1970)
325
-------
Tomato
Lycopersicum esculentum
Apple
Malus malus
If fl
IV If
II If
II II
If If
II II
Romania
" Kansas
(smelter area)
" Washington, D.C.
11 Great Britain
fruit W 0.013
fl
Missouri
Germany
(control)
Germany
(polluted)
Canada
United States juice
If If
apple-
sauce
Montana
Japan
Romania
D 1.8
D 0.28
W (0.01-0.08)
0.02
fruit (<0.5-0.75)
fruit W 0.03-0.01
Rautu &
Sporn
(1970)
Lagerwerff
& Brower
(1974)
Thomas et
al. (1972)
Missouri
Univ.
(1972)
Anke et
al. (1976)
W 0.18-0.18
leaves sprayed r0ss &
with CdCl2 trans-Stewart
ferred to fruit (1969)
higher Cd content
in peel than pulp "
(0.0-0.264) US HEW
0.023 (1975)
(0.0-0.18)
0.007
W ((0.05-0.1) Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
fruit W (0.002-0.004) Yamagata &
Shigematsu
(1970)
W 0.0065
Rautu &
Sporn
(1970)
326
-------
Apple
Malus malus
Alfalfa
Medicago sativa
Peppermint
Mentha piperita
Minuartia verna
Horsemint
Monarda fistulosa
Mulberry
Morus sp.
Japan
fruit
Germany
(control) fruit
Germany
(polluted)
Arizona
United States
Utah
Montana
Montana
(near smelter)
Missouri
(1.7 km from
smelter)
leaf
Germany
Indiana
leaf
Japan
dist from
refinery (km):
W 0.004
Connecticut blossom D 24.0
Ishazaki et
al. (1970)
Cowgill
(1970)
W 0.07-0.09 Anke et
al. (1976)
W 0.11-0.07
D (0.021-0.035) Shacklette
(1972)
D (0.02-2.4)
D 0.026
D 1.0 Gordon
(1972)
W (0.3-3.2)
D 2.5
115,
Cd taken up
in plants
readily
D 0.65
D 0.93
Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
Lagerwerff
et al.
(1972)
Gordee et
al. (1960)
Ernst
(1975)
Yost et
al. (1975)
Kobayashi
(1972)
II M
II II
0.4 leaf
D 17.0
327
-------
Mulberry
Morus sp.
If ft
II II
ft II
Banana
Musa acuminata
Japan
dist from
refinery (km):
" " 1.0 leaf
2.5
Japan (control) "
fruit
Water milfoil
Myriophyllum spicatum
Naiad
Naj as guadulepensis Oklahoma
(control)
Oklahoma
(Cd added
0.007 ppm)
Oklahoma
(Cd added
0.9 ppm)
Tobacco
Nicotiana tobacum
Virginia
Water lily
Nuphar luteum
Greece
Sweden
Kobayashi
et al.
(1972)
D 7.0
D 3.3-4.0
D 1.0
W 0.03
W 0.011
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Ishazaki et
al. (1970)
Coefficient of Makhonina&
accumulation Gileva
was 10,110 (1968)
(highest tested)
+ Cearley &
A 7.1-SD 1.7 Coleman
(1974)
A 60.4-SD 1.7
A 4,357.9-SD 89.9
(70% of Cd in Nandi etal.
leaf passes into (1969)
smoke in cigarette)
2.01
0.89
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1961)
D (0.52-1.8) Ljundggren
et al.
(1971)
328
-------
Water lily
Nuphar luteum
Illinois
Blackgum
Nyssa sylvatica
Olive
Plea europea
Rice
Oryza sativa
II II
II II
II H
II II
II It
II II
II It
Tennessee
Spain
Japan
Japan
stem
root
leaf
branch
leaf
bole
D (0.048-0.175) Mathis &
0.102 Kevern
(1975)
D (0.038-0.049)
0.041
D (0.069-0.928)
0.291
D 0.06
D 0.38
D 0.12
1.22
Van Hook et
al. (1974)
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
polished has3.5- Moritsugu&
4 x Cd of un- Kobayashi
polished grain. (1964)
grain
(polished) W 0.06
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
grain
(brown)
root
straw
grain
W 0.04
(0.19-0.27)
(0.05-0.1)
(0.01-0.02)
1.0
(0.18-1.19)
Williams &
David
(1973)
Yamagata &
Shigematsu
(1970)
Kobayashi
(1970)
329
-------
Sourwood
Oxydendron arboreum
Tennessee
twig
D 0.21
Parsnip
Pastinica sativa
leaf
branch
bole
United States
D 0.84
D 0.24
D 0.15
W 0.14
United States
(control)
W 3.0
United States
(fertilizer with
7.25 ppm of Cd is
a Cd accumulator)
Canada leaf D (0.6-0.9)
root D (1.1-3.1)
Princess tree
Paulownia tomentosa Tokyo
(in city) leaf (0.7-1.3)
Lousewort
Pedicularis canadensis Indiana D 2.5
Parsley
Petroselinum crispum Czechoslavakia leaf W 0.088
Canary grass
Phalaris sp. United States (0.02-0.048)
Bean
Phaseolus spp. " " W (0.01-0.04)
Van Hook et
al. (1974)
It
II
fl
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1961)
Schroeder
& Balassa
(1963)
II
Hutchinson
et al.
(1974)
tl
Maeno
(1971)
Yost et
al. (1975)
Lener &
Bibr (1971)
Williams &
David
(1973)
Corneliussen
(1972)
330
-------
Bean
Phaseolus spp.
Kidney bean
Phaseolus vulgaris
United States fresh
" " canned
Missouri root
(near smelter)
fl ft II
pod
United States
Kansas
(smelter area)
Washington, D.C.
Montana
United States
Japan
W 0.01
W 0.03
Schroeder.
et al.
(1967)
D (0.76-39.8) Hemphill et
7.05
D (0.5-8.5)
2.36
0.018
0.0
<0.5
D 0.73
D 0.24
W 0.1
W 0.07
W 0.019
al. (1973)
US HEW
(1975)
Missouri
Univ. (1972)
Lagerwerff
& Brower
(1974)
Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
(Uptake of Cd Francis &
was lOx with Rush
iron chelate (1973)
at pH 4.6)
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Ishizaki et
al. (1970)
Phlox
Phlox pilosa
Indiana
D 0.75
Yost et
al. (1975)
Ground cherry
Physalis heterophylla
Norway spruce
Picea abies
Connecticut leaf
D 1.0
D (0.5-1.0)0.7 Smith (1973)
±SE 0.2
331
-------
Norway spruce
Picea abies
ft H
Black spruce
Picea mariana
Colorado blue spruce
Picea pungens
Pieris japonica
Lodgepole pine
Pinus contorta
var. iatitolia
Connecticut twig
Sweden
Englemann's spruce
Picea englemannii Colorado
root
wood
bark
twig
needle
stem
leaf
Quebec
dist. from
smelter (km):
0.5 leaf
1.1
1.9
3.0
4.8
6.3
8.3
11.0
Colorado
stem
United States leaf
Colorado
stem
332
D (0.5-1.0)
0.8-SE 0.2
D (1.5-2.7)
D <0.1
D 2.5
D (2.7-5.4)
D (0.4-1.0)
D 0.22
D 0.05
D 0.7
D 2.3
D 2.1
D 1.1
D 1.7
D <0.4
D <0.4
D <0.4
D 0.03
D 1.2
D 0.38
Smith
(1973)
Tyler
(1972)
Shacklette
(1972)
Le Blanc et
al. (1974)
Shacklette
(1972)
Hanna &
Grant
(1962)
Shacklette
(1972)
-------
Lodgepole pine
Pinus contorta
var. latifolia
Short-leaf pine
Pinus echinata
Limber pine
Pinus flexilis
Ponderose pina
Pinus ponderosa
var. scopulorum
ft ft It
Colorado
Tennessee
Missouri
Missouri
(near ore
trucks)
Colorado
leaf
twig
branch
bole
root
stem &
leaf
needle
stem &
leaf
stem
leaf
D 0.21
D 0.48
D 0.26
D 0.30
D 0.21
D 0.30
Shacklette
(1972)
Van Hook et
al. (1974)
0^ litter D 0.26
O2 litter D 0.60
D 0.42
Shacklette
(1972)
D (<0.5-0.96) Bolter et
al. (1973)
A 20.0
stem D 0.14
leaf D 0.1
D 0.22
D 0.11
White pine
Pinus strobus
Pine
Pinus sp.
United States
United States
D 0.9
W 0.05
Hanna &
Grant
(1962)
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
333
-------
Garden pea
Pisum sativum
Blue grass
Poa sp.
Aspen
Populus tremula
Poplar
Populus sp.
United States
Kansas
(smelter area)
Washington, D. C.
Indiana
Solomon's seal
Polygonatum biflorum Indiana
Russia
Quaking aspen
Populus tremuloides Colorado
bark
stem
leaf
Indiana
S.W. Missouri
(on old mine
dump)
II II II If
ft If II If
II If II II
leaf
twig
wood
bark
Potamogeton richardsoni
Nova Scotia leaf &
stem
" " root
W 0.04
D 0.7
D 0.42
D 0.37
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Lagerwerff
& Brower
(1974)
Yost et
al. (1975)
D (0.25-0.49) Lagerwerff
& Specht
(1970)
D 0.5
D 1.6
D 0.77
D 0.45
D 7.35
Yost et
al. (1975)
Malyuga
(1941)
Shacklette
(1972)
Yost et
al. (1975)
Cannon
D 40.0 (1974)
D 45.0
D 22.0
D 37.0
Ray &
D (0.65-4.86) Whlte (1976)
D (1.32-6.73)
334
-------
Apricot
Prunus armeniaca
United States fruit
(canned)
fruit
W 0.01
0.011
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
US HEW
(1975)
Peach
Prunus persica
Choke cherry
Prunus virginiana
Indiana
Douglas fir
Pseudotsuga menziesii Colorado
stem
leaf
0.003
D 0.39
D 0.2
D 0.07
Yost et
al. (1975)
Shacklette
(1972)
Pear
Pyrus communis
Great Britain fruit
skin
W (0.01-0.09) Thomas et
0.03 al. (1972)
W (0.01-0.04)
0.02
flesh W (0.01-0.09)
0.02
White oak
Quercus alba
United States
Missouri
Tennessee
leaf
0.013
US HEW
(1975)
D ((0.5-0.96) Bolter et
al. (1973)
D 0.12
Van Hook et
al. (1974)
Pin oak
Quercus palustris
Missouri
branch
bole
stem
Connecticut leaf &
twig
D 0.03
D 0.05
D 0.16
Shacklette
(1972)
D (1.5-3.0) Smith
2.3-SE 0.2 (1973)
335
-------
Pin oak
Quercus palustris
Willow oak
Quercus phellos
Chestnut oak
Quercus prinus
Oak
Quercus robur
Red oak
Quercus rubra
Post oak
Quercus stellata
Black oak
Quercus velutina
United States leaf
D 2.4
Missouri
Tennessee
stem
leaf
D 0.28
D 0.16
twig D 0.29
branch D 0.11
bole D 0.02
root D 0.34
0^ litter D 0.42
O2 litter D 0.81
Great Britain unwashed
leaf
,+
Tennessee
leaf
D 0.35
branch D 0.08
bole D 0.11
Missouri
stem
leaf
D 0.11
Hanna &
Grant
(1962)
Shacklette
(1972)
Van Hook et
al. (1974)
Little
D 6.82- 1.33 (1973)
Van Hook et
al. (1974)
Shacklette
(1972)
D (<0.5-0.96) Bolter et
al. (1973)
Indiana
new growth D 0.5
Tennessee
branch
leaf
D 0.7
D 0.69
Yost et
al. (1975)
Van Hook et
al. (1974)
336
-------
Black oak
Quercus velutina
Tennessee
branch
bole
D 0.3
D 0.14
Van Hook et
al. (1974)
Oak
Quercus sp.
Radish
Raphanus sativus
United States leaf
W 0.09
Rhubarb
Rheum rhapsontic-um
Japan
Montana
Japan
(1.2 km from
refinery)
H t! H If
Canada
Japan
leaf
root
leaf
root
top
root
Kansas
(smelter area) stalk
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
(200 m from Lagerwerff
highway, 40% (1971)
of Cd was from
air)
W 0.017
W 0.6
D 15.0
D 3.0
D 2.5
D 1.1
D 1.57
D 0.51
W 0.017
Yamagata &
Shigematsu
(1970)
Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
Kobayashi
(1972)
D 2.6
Hutchinson
et al.
(1974)
Haghiri
(1973)
Yamagata &
Shigematsu
(1970)
Lagerwerff
& Brower
(1974)
Washington, D.C. "
D 0.57
337
-------
Sumach
Rhus aromatica
Winged sumach
Rhus capallina
Smooth sumach
Rhus glabra
Poison ivy
Rhus radicans
Wild gooseberry
Ribes sp.
ft rv
Water cress
Rorripa nasturtum-
aquaticum
Wild rose
Rosa Carolina
Rudbeckia hirta
Indiana
Missouri
Missouri
Indiana
Colorado
stem
leaf
Great Britain leaf &
stem
Indiana
D 0.5
D 0.11
D 0.14
D 0.52
D 0.08
D 0.07
W (0.01-0.04)
0.02
D 0.61
D 9.25
Yost et
al. (1975)
Shacklette
(1972)
Yost et
al. (1975)
Shacklette
(1972)
Thomas et
al. (1972)
Yost et
al. (1975)
Sour dock
Rumex acetosa
Sugar cane
Saccharum officinarum
Germany
Willow
Salix alba
leaf
Great Britain unwashed
leaf
D 0.16
0.0083
0.1
cane pulp 0.04
cane sugar 0.06
Ernst (1975)
Mahaffey et
al. (1975)
US HEW
(1975)
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
D 7.85-1.24
Little
(1973)
338
-------
Willow
Salix nigra
Willow
Salix sp.
fl fl
I! II
Aquatic fern
Salvinia natans
ff fl
Rye
Secale cereale
Pink
Silene cucubalus
Smilacina stellata
Eggplant
Solanum melongena
tr ii
ii ii
Potato
Solanum tuberosum
If II
Connecticut catkin D 25.0?
Cowgill
(1970)
Indiana
Colorado
stem
D 9.4
D 1.5
Yost et
al. (1975)
Shacklette
(1972)
leaf
D 0.97
(control)
(in 1.0 ppm Cd
aquatic culture)
2.1
6400.0
Hutchinson
& Czyrska
(1972)
Sweden
W (0.01-0.021) Kjellstrom
et al.
(1974)
Germany
Indiana
leaf
D 0.02
D 1.44
Ernst
(1975)
Yost et al.
(1975)
Japan Kobayashi
(700 m from et al.
mine refinery) (41.0-61.0) (1969)
Japan fruit D 8.0 Kobayashi
(1972)
" D 8.0 Shacklette
(1972)
United States tuber W 0.03 Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Germany " (0.18-0.2) Kropf &
Geldmacher
(1968)
339
-------
Potato
Solanum tuberosum
Goldenrod
Solidago sp.
Germany
(control)
Germany
(polluted)
United States
tuber
tuber
Japan
Czechoslovakia
Romania
Japan
Japan
(800 m from
refinery)
Montana
Great Britain
Canada
leaf
tuber
United States
New York
Anke et al.
W 0.04-0.03 (1976)
W 0.31-0.39
(0.01-0.08) Corneliussen
(1972)
0.046
0.057
0.041
W 0.092-
SE 0.002
W 0.017
W 0.038
D 2.0
Mahaffey et
al. (1975)
US HEW
(1975)
Yamagata &
Shigematsu
(1970)
Lener.&
Bibr (1971)
Rautu &
Sporn (1970)
Ishizaki et
al. (1970)
Kobayashi
(1972)
W (CO.05-0.2) Hindawi &
Neely (1972)
W (0.01-0.17) Thomas et
0.08 al. (1972)
D (0.86-1.5) Hutchinson
et al.
(1974)
D (0.45-1.05)
D (0.05-0.3) Shacklette
(1972)
Indiana
D 0.36
D 1.0
Cannon
(1970)
Yost et
al. (1975)
340
-------
Saltgrass
Spartina alternifolia S.E. Atlantic
(salt marshes)
N.W. Atlantic leaf
Sorghum
Sorghum vulgare
Spinach
Stdnacia oleracea
Grass
Stipa spartea
Snowberry
Symphoricarpus
occidentalis
Buckbush
Symphoricarpus
orbiculatus
Kansas stem
leaf
seed
United States fresh
leaf
Romania
United States
II It
leaf
Japan
Indiana
Colorado stem
leaf
D (0.1-1.9)
0.5
D 0.5
D 4.7
D 5.4
D 1.6
W 0.45
W 0.064
0.057
D (0.6-1.2)
W 0.095
W 0.128
D 0.24
Missouri
stem
D 0.09
D 0.12
D 0.41
Windom
(1974)
Windom &
Smith
(1972)
Lagerwerff
et al.
(1973)
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Rautu &
Sporn
(1970)
US HEW
(1975)
Shacklette
(1972)
Yamagata &
Shigematsu
(1970)
Ishizaki et
al. (1970)
Yost et
al. (1975)
Shacklette
(1972)
341
-------
Yew
Taxus sp.
ft tt
Tetradymia sp.
Connecticut leaf
twig
Montana
Turtle grass
Thalassia testudinum Puerto Rico
II II
D (0.5-2.5) Smith
1.2-SE 0.2 (1973)
D (0.5-4.1)
2.0-SE 0.4
(leaf collected Munshower
Cd in airborne (1972)
dust)
D (1.9-2.6) Lowman et
2.2 al. (1966)
W (0.29-0.45)
0.34
Grass
Themeda sp.
Pennycress
Thlaspi alpestre
Thymus serpyllum
Spanish moss
Tillandsia usneoides
United States
Germany
leaf
United States
Florida,
Mississippi,
Louisiana
Wandering jew
Tradescantia phiensis Indiana
0.028
D 4.83
D 0.3
Williams &
David
(1973)
Ernst
(1975)
(excellent bio- Shacklette
indicator for & Connor
Cd from smelter,(1973)
roadside, urban,
or industry)
A (0.8-27.0)
geom. mean 7.9
geom. dev. *1.65 "
A >20.0
D 0.93
Yost et al.
(1975)
Red clover
Trifolium pratense Germany
(control)
.+
Anke et
W 0.05-0.05 al. (1976)
342
-------
Red clover
Trifolium pratense
Germany
(polluted)
W 0.35-0.22
Anke et
al. (1976)
Wheat
Triticum aestivum
United States bread
(whole
wheat)
bread
(white)
Japan
(0.4-1.2 km
from mine
refinery)
W 0.15
W 0.22
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
6.8
Kobayashi
et al.
(1970)
Germany
(control) grain
Germany
(polluted)
Montana
Sweden
(control) grain
flour
" bran
Sweden
(6.5 tons/ha
sewage sludge) grain
(58 tons-/ha ") "
Sweden, 1918 "
1920 "
1925
1930
1935
Anke et
W 0.02-0.06 al. (1976)
W 0.47-0.23
W (0.1-1.5) Hindawi &
Neely
(1972)
D 0.067-SE
0.007
D 0.033
D 0.148
D 119.C-SE 0.005
D 257.0-SE 0.009
Linnman et
al. (1973)
W 0.024
W 0.013
W 0.022
W 0.037
W 0.015
Kjellstrom
et al.
(1975)
343
-------
Wheat
Triticum aestivum
Eastern hemlock
Tsuga canadensis
Sweden, 1940 grain
1949
1955
1960
1965
Cattail
Typha angustifolium Indiana
Japan
Sweden
(4 km from
Cu plant) "
Sweden
(control) "
United States hard
soft
" " durum
Connecticut leaf
" twig
needle
twig
United States leaf
W 0.014
W 0.019
W 0.043
W 0.050
W 0.038
W 0.025
Kjellstrom
et al.
(1975)
Ishizaki et
al. (1970)
Kjellstrom
et al.
W (0.081-0.181) (1975)
W (0.029-0.053) "
D 0.1-SD 0.02 Zook et al.
(1970)
D 0.07-SD 0.02
D 0.13-SD 0.01
D (0.5-1.0)0.9 Smith
±SE 0.1 (1973)
D (0.5-1.8)1.2
-SE 0.2
0.083- Huckabee &
SE 0.052 Blaylock
(1973)
0.326-SD 0.181
D 0.6
D 1.71
Hanna &
Grant
(1962)
Yost et
al. (1975)
344
-------
Elm
Ulmus glabra
Great Britain
(near smelter) leaf
D 50.0
Little &
Martin
(1972)
Great Britain
(10-15 km
from smelter)
D 0.25
Great Britain
(in smelter
area)
unwashed
leaf
Little
(1973)
D (30.0-55.0)
Great Britain
(% removed washed
in deionized water
62.0%)
Great Britain
(% removed washed
in detergent water
78.0%)
Bilberry
Vaccinium myrtillus
Great Britain
(% removed washed
in 5% HN03 98.9%)
Great Britain
(% removed washed
in 1% HN03 98.7%)
Sweden
leaf &
stem
D 4.4
Tyler
(1972)
Dryland blueberry
Vaccinium pallidum
Missouri
leaf
D (<0.5-0.96) Bolter et
al. (1973)
Cowberry
Vaccinium vitis idaea Sweden
leaf &
stem
D 3.2
Tyler
(1972)
Violet
Viola calaminaria Germany
leaf
D 0.02
Ernst
(1975)
Grape
Vitis riparis
Indiana
D 0.42
Yost et
al. (1975)
345
-------
Grape
Vitis sp.
Corn
Zea mays
II M
If II
It II
ft II
II It
If If
It II
II It
It It
II II
II II
II 11
n ii
it it
Romania
W 0.007
United States hybrid
Ohio
(in sludge-
treated soil) grain
leaf
If M
II If It II
(non-polluted)
(polluted area)
Romania
United States leaf
" " grain
" " husk
Ontario leaf
" root
" flower
Japan grain
United States
United States
(grown in
sludge-treated
soil) fruit
" " " " leaf
346
W 0.12
1.0
13.9
D 0.1
D 2.0
W 0.0
1.0
D 0.96
0.67
D 0.7
D 0.4
D 1.2
D 0.5
W 0.033
I.03
II.6
Rautu &
Sporn
(1970)
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Kirkham
(1975)
Shacklette
(1972)
Rautu &
Sporn
(1970)
Prince
(1957)
Hutchinson
et al.
(1974)
Kobayashi
(1972)
Fulkerson
& Goeller
(1973)
Kirkham
(1974)
-------
Zizia aurea
Indiana
D 0.6
Yost et
al. (1975)
Eel grass
Zostera marina
"Grass"
Black Sea
Spain &
Portugal
Norway-
Canada
(N.E. from Pb
smelter (m)):
II .1 II 3q
" " " 170
" (N from Pb
smelter (m)):
" " 80
ii 17Q
" (Ave. all directions,
80)
" (Ave. all directions,
170)
D 0.23
D (2.0-5.3)
D 2.8
D 4.0
D 3.0
D 3.8
D 1.0
D 2.4
D 1.8
Vinogradov
(1953)
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
De Koning
(1974)
347
-------
CADMIUM IN MOSSES, LICHENS, AND FUNGI
MOSSES
CD
Species
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Anomodon rostratus
Missouri
Atrichum angustifolium
Brachythecium rivulare Tennessee
109
(uptake of Cd
in 12 days)
Cirriphyllum illecebrum
Missouri
Dicranum scoparium
Dicranum sp.
Eurhynchium hians
Tennessee
Tennessee
(uptake of
in 12 days)
109
Cd
Eurhynchium praelongum Great Britain
(near smelter)
(1)
(5.2-5.6)
(ave.)
(5.2-5.6)
(ave.)
(1.0-2.0)
(5.2-5.6)
(ave.)
(5.2-5.6)
(ave.)
0.421^SD
0.143
(1.0-2.0)
D 148.0
Shacklette
(1972)
Huckabee et
al. cited
in Fulker-
son & Goeller
(1973)
Shacklette
(1972)
Huckabee &
Blaylock
(1973)
Huckabee et
al. cited in
Fulkerson &
Goeller (1973)
Little &
Martin
(1972)
(2)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. ^ Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
348
-------
Eurhynchium sp.
Great Britain
Bristol
dist. from
Zn smelter (mi):
if it ii n 2 4
ii H it tt 2 9
it it it ii
6.0
Fontinalis antipiretica
Hedwigia ciliata
Hylocomium splendens
Hylocomium sp.
Sweden
Missouri
(windward of
urban area)
(to 100 km
away f rom
urban area)
Quebec
(Cu smelter
area)
Quebec
(control)
S. Scandinavia
N. Norway
N. Finland
(Lapland)
S. Finland
Hypnum compressiforme Sweden
(polluted forest)
Sweden
(normal Cd)
Sweden
(polluted areas)
Burkitt
et al.
(1972)
D 86.0
D 148.0
D 49.0
D (1.6-17.0)
A (5.2-5.6)
(ave.)
(3.0-4.0)
1.0
D (<0.5-12.0)
Ljundggren
et al.
(1971)
Shacklette
(1972)
Jaakkola et
al. (1971)
LeBlanc et
al. (1974)
D 1.1
D (0.8-1.5) Ruhling &
Tyler
(1973)
D <0.1
D 0.18
D (0.49-0.70)
D 30.0
D (0.7-1.2)
Tyler
(1972)
Ruhling
(1971)
D (7.5-81.7) " (1969)
349
-------
Hypnum compressiforme Wales
dist. from smelter
industrial area (km);
1.5
" " 3.0
" 8.0
8.0
6.5
25.0
1 (upwind)18.0
Hypnum compressiforme
var. filiforma
S. Sweden
(control)
Time after
closure of
Zn/Pb smelter
(mo) :
fl f!
It M
tl fl
If It
If fl
If ff
ft ff
" 0
" 1
" 8
Endemic moss at
time of closure
low contamination
site (control)
Leucobryum glaucum Missouri
Mnium affine
Pleurozium schreberi Quebec
Cu smelter area
Quebec
(control)
Goodman &
Roberts
(1971)
D dead
D dead
D 9.5
D 4.5
D 1.0
D (1.0-3.0)
D 1.8
D 0.76
Ruhling &
Tyler
(1970)
(ng Cd/cm /day Roberts &
by moss bags) Goodman
(1973)
(D" 35.0-SE 9.0)
(D" 5.0-SE 1.0)
(D" 1.3-SE 1.0)
D (1.39-7.6)
D (0.6-2.5)1.6
-SE 0.14 "
A (5.2-5.6) Shacklette
ave. (1972)
A (5.2-5.6)
ave. "
D (<0.5-4.4)
D CO.5
LeBlanc et
al. (1974)
350
-------
Polytrichum commune Missouri
Polytrichum sp.
Tennessee
Sphagnum angustifolium
S. Finland
Great Slave
Lake, N.W.T.
S. Finland
Sphagnum balticum
Sphagnum fuscum " "
" " Finland
" " Great Slave
Lake, N.W.T.
" " Edmonton,
Alberta
Sphagnum magellanicum S. Finland
" " S. Sweden
Sphagnum squarrosum Great Britain
(and related species) (exposed in moss bags)
" " (collected/day)
(mapped contour lines
of Cd contamination
around Zn & Pb smelter
area using moss bags)
A (5.2-5.6)
ave.
Shacklette
(1972)
D 0.383-SD 0.114
Huckabee &
Blaylock
(1973)
D 0.18
D 0.19
D 0.63
D 0.56
D (0.17-0.47)
0.3
D 0.2
D 0.17
D 0.45
D 1.0
Pakarinen
& Tolanem
(1976)
Ruhling &
Tyler
(1970)
Little &
Martin
(1974)
(1.93-
2.84)2.56
^g/g/day
(mapped contours from 0.225-0.3 g/g/day)
Sphagnum sp.
Antarctica
K. Haakan
Goodman et
D 0.12-0.84 al. (1973)
351
-------
Sharpiella striatella Tennessee
(uptake of Cd
in 12 days)
(1.0-2.0)
Huckabee et
al. cited in
Fulkerson &
Goeller (1973)
CADMIUM IN MOSSES, LICHENS, AND FUNGI
LICHENS
Cladonia alpestris
Finland, Lapland
(unpolluted area)
Finland
(6 mos. after
close of Zn
smelter)
Finland
(unpolluted areas)
Finland, Lapland
(unpolluted areas)
Cladonia cristatella Pennsylvania
Cladonia rangiferina Missouri
(growing on
dolomite)
Jaakkola et
D (0.1-0.2) al. (1973)
D 1.0
D (0.3-0.4)
D (0.05-0.43) " (1971)
0.13
D 22.0
0.19
Nash (1975)
Shacklette
(1972)
Cladonia rangiformis Germany
Cladonia squamosa
Cladonia uncialis
Cladonia sp.
Lasallia papulosa
Micarea trisepta
Pennsylvania
Antarctica
K Haakan
Pennsylvania
(Zn smelter
area)
Pennsylvania
(control)
Pennsylvania
(near Zn
smelter)
D 0.41
D 10.0
D (3.0-32.0)
D 0.24
D 32.0
D 1.0
D (33.0-320.0)
Ernst
(1975)
Nash (1975)
Goodman et
al. (1973)
Nash (1975)
352
-------
Parmelia baltimorensis
Parmelia caperata
Parmelia clavulifera
Parmelia conspersa
If II
Parmelia physodes
Parmelia plittii
Parmelia taractica
Parmelia tinctorum
Parmelia sp.
Parmelia sp.
Stereocaulon spp.
Washington,
D. C. (1938)
(1958)
(1970)
(1971)
Connecticut
(1971)
Japan
(urban area)
Hale
(1975)
Pennsylvania
Sweden
(polluted forest)
Pennsylvania
Japan
(urban area)
Great Britain
(near smelter)
Great Britain
Bristol
dist. from Zn
smelter (mi):
ii ii n
M ii
Finland
1-3
6.0
Umbilicaria mammulata Pennsylvania
Umbilicaria spp. Finland
5.0
6.0
9.0
6.0
5.0
Saeki et
D 1.14-SD 0.55 al. (1977)
D 0.59-SD 0.11
D 0.84-SD 0.33
D 32.0 Nash (1975)
D 12.0
D 30.0
D 4.0
Tyler (1972)
Nash (1975)
II
Saeki et
D 0.70-SD 0.19 al. (1977)
Little &
D 90.0 (max.) Martin
(1972)
Burkitt et
al. (1972)
D (72.0-90.0)
D 20.0
Cd strikingly in Ferry et
concentrated al. (1973)
D 5.0
Nash (1975)
Cd strikingly in Ferry et
concentrated al. (1973)
353
-------
Umbilicaria pustulata Finland
(on siliceous
rocks)
(30.0-3000.0)
in Ferry et
al. (1973)
Verrucaria nigrescens Pennsylvania
(near Zn
smelter)
334.0
Nash (1972)
"Lichens"
Pennsylvania
Cd more toxic in Ferry et
& important al. (1973)
than S0„
15 species lichens
Finland
A (10.0-300.0) Lounamaa
(1956)
A (30.0-600.0)
CADMIUM IN MOSSES, LICHENS, AND FUNGI
FUNGI
Gem-studded puffball
Lycoperdon perlatum
"Mushroom"
Connecticut
(near highway) sporophores
unwashed D 2.62
II II II
II II It
II II II
II II II
Great Britain
McCreight
& Schroeder
(1977)
sporophores
washed D 3.12 "
sporophores
(max.) D 5.34 "
gleba D 1.71 "
base D 0.0 "
W (0.01-0.02) Thomas et
0.02 al. (1972)
354
-------
CADMIUM IN ALGAE
(1)
Species
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
(2)
Authority
Acanthopeltis japonica Japan
D 0.1
Ishibashi
et al.
(1964)
Red alga
Ahnfeltia plicata
Great Britain
D 0.0
Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
Allaria esculenta
Anabaena sp.
Russia
Indiana
D 1.0
D 0.22
Malyuga
(1941)
Yost et
al. (1974)
Brown alga, knotted wrack
Ascophyllum nodosum Great Britain
Norway
(polluted)
D 0.349
(1.5-11.5)
Mullin &
Riley (1956)
Stenner &
Nickless
(1974a)
Norway
(non-polluted)
Norway
Russia
D
D
D
D
(1.0-1.5)
«0. 7-1.0)
Haug et al.
(1974)
((0.1-2.0) Lande (1977)
(0.29-0.34) Malyuga
(1941)
(1)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
(2) W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. t Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
355
-------
Bossea sp.
S. California
W (2.39-2.72)
Vattuone et
al. (1976)
Red alga
Bryothamnium triquetrum
Puerto Rico
Lowman et
A 6.0 (ave.) al. (1966)
Chara
Chara fragilis
Indiana
D (<0.2-0.2) Yost et
al. (1974)
Irish moss
Chondrus crispus
Spain &
Portugal
D 4.9
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
Brown alga
Chorda filum
Norway
(non-polluted)
D (ND-3.5) " (1974a)
Norway
(polluted)
Spain &
Portugal
D (0.9-20.0)
D 0.7
" (1975)
Green alga
Cladophora glomerata Sweden
D (2.0-6.0) Hagerhall
(1972)
Green alga
Cladophora sp.
Idaho
(contaminated)
36.0
Funk et
al. (1973)
Green alga
Codium fragile
Green alga
Codium sp.
Green alga
Codium taylori
Korea
Great Britain
Puerto Rico
D 0.52
D 0.865
A 5.0 (ave.)
Kim (1972)
Mullin &
Riley (1956)
Lowman et
al. (1966)
Red alga
Corallina officinalis Norway
D 3.0
Stenner &
Nickless
(1974a)
Great Britain
D 0.858
Mullin &
Riley (1956)
356
-------
Red alga
Corallina officinalis Spain &
Portugal
Cymodocea sp.
Puerto Rico
M ft
fl II
Stenner &
D (4.4-6.2) Nickless
(1975)
D (2.0-3.1) Lowman et
2.3 al. (1966)
W (0.15-0.49)
0.23
Cystophyllum sisymbrioides
Korea
Delesseria sanguinea Spain &
Portugal
Desmarestia viridis Japan
Ecklonia stolonifera Korea
S. California
Egregia laevigata
Eisenia bicyclis
Japan
Green alga
Enteromorpha linza Korea
Green alga
Enteromorpha intestinalis
Sweden
Green alga
Enteromorpha prolifera Korea
Green alga
Enteromorpha sp.
Norway
(non-polluted)
Norway
(polluted)
Bladder wrack
Fucus ceranoides
D CO.02
D 4.1
D 0.1
Kim (1972)
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
Ishibashi
et al.
(1964)
D (0.03-0.82) Kim (1972)
W (0.94-1.14) Vattuone et
al. (1976)
D 0.3
Ishibashi
et al.
(1964)
Norway
D (0.02-1.2) Kim (1972)
Hagerhall
D (1.0-10.0) (1972)
D (0.14-0.72) Kim (1972)
Stenner &
D (0.7-3.2) Nickless
(1974a)
D (2.7-13.0)
D (3.2-8.2)
357
-------
Wrack
Fucus distichus
W. Greenland
W (0.57-8.0)
Bollingberg
(1975)
Wrack
Fucus inflatus
Wrack
Fucus serratus
Wrack
Fucus spiralis
Bladder wrack
Fucus vesiculosus
Russia
Norway
(non-polluted)
Norway
(polluted)
Great Britain
Great Britain
Portland
Great Britain
Severn Estuary
Russia
Norway
Great Britain
Great Britain
Bristol Channel
South Wales,
Aberavon Beach
Great Britain
Severn Estuary
D 0.16
Malyuga
(1941)
Stenner &
D (2.3-3.2) Nickless
(1974a)
D (3.1-13.0)
D 0.792
D 0.3
Mullin &
Riley (1956)
Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
D 53.0
D (0.29-0.34) Malyuga
(1941)
D 5.9
Stenner &
Nickless
(1974a)
D (2.03-2.08) Mullin &
Riley (1956)
D (2.0-75.0) Nickless et
al. (1972)
D (0.7-11.0) Nickless
9.3 (1973)
Butterworth
D (15.0-220.0) et al.
(1972)
D 1.7-0.24
Preston et
al. (1972)
35 «
-------
Bladder wrack
Fucus vesiculosus
Great Britain
Severn Estuary
(1961)
(1970)
W. Greenland
Norway
Norway
(polluted)
Preston et
al. (1972)
D (0.05-21.0)
D (0.4-20.8)
W (0.57-8.0) Bollingberg
(1975)
D 1.0
Lande (1977)
Stenner &
D (4.7-12.5) Nickless
(1974a)
Red alga
Galaxaura marginata
Red alga
Gelidium sp.
Red alga
Gigartina stellata
Red alga
Gracilaria caudata
Norway
(non-polluted)
Great Britain
Irish Sea
Great Britain
Bristol Channel
(polluted)
If ft If II
Great Britain
Cornish Coast
Puerto Rico
Japan
Norway
Gliopeltis furcata Korea
D (1.8-2.8)
D (0.10-4.30) Fuge &
James (1974)
D (6.07-25.60)
13.81-SD 7.31
D (3.82-19.5) Morris &
Bale (1975)
Bradfield et
D (0.9-8.5) al. (1976)
A 6.0
D 0.2
Lowman et
al. (1966)
Ishibashi et
al. (1964)
Puerto Rico
D (0.6-1.3) Stenner &
Nickless
(1974a)
D (0.65-1.26) Kim (1972)
A 6.0 (ave.) Lowman et
al. (1966)
359
-------
Red alga
Gracilaria cornea
Brown alga
Halidrys siliquosa
Puerto Rico
Great Britain
A 6.0 (ave.) Lowman et
al. (1966)
D 0.43
Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
Halimeda gracilis Indian Ocean
D 0.312
Mullin &
Riley (1956)
Halimeda opuntia
Puerto Rico
Korea
Ishige sinicola
Hizikia sp. "
Laminaria digitata Great Britain
Norway
Korea
Brown alga
Laminaria japonica
Brown alga
Laminaria reliosa
Brown alga
Laminaria saccharina Great Britain
Brown alga
Laminaria sp.
Russia
S. California
A 5.0 (ave.) Lowman et
al. (1966)
D 0.60 Kim (1972)
D (0.41-1.18)0.97 "
D 0.134 Mullin &
Riley (1956)
D 0.15 Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
D (2.3-4.3) Stenner &
Nickless
(1974a)
D (0.14-0.38) Kim (1972)
D (0.13-1.18)
D 0.35
D 0.14
Leatherland
& Burton
(1974)
Malyuga
(1941)
W (0.44-0.81) Vattuone et
al. (1976)
360
-------
Red alga
Laurencia obtusa
Puerto Rico
A 6.0 (ave.)
Lowman et
al. (1966)
Red alga
Lithophyllum sp.
Red alga
Lithothamnion sp.
Green alga
Lyngbia mayuscula
Great Britain
Puerto Rico
D 0.358
D 0.844
Mullin &
Riley (1956)
A 5.0 (ave.) Lowman et
al. (1966)
Lyngbya sp.
Indiana
D 0.35
Yost et
al. (1974)
Brown alga
Macrocystis pyrifera California
A (2.9-3.8) Boothe &
3.4-0.4 Knauer
(1972)
(calc.) D (1.93-2.53)2.25
Brown alga
Macrocystis sp.
S. California blade
W 0.85-SD 0.21 Vattuone et
al. (1976)
Green alga
Nostoc muscorum
Oscillatoria sp.
Nova Scotia
accumulated Makhonina
Cd & Gileva
(1968)
D (0.85-0.98) Ray & White
(1976)
Brown alga, channel wrack
Pelvetia canaliculata Great Britain
Norway
Phormidium sp.
Indiana
Phyllaria dermatoidea Russia
D (0.5-0.508) Mullin &
Riley (1956)
D (1.3-1.8) Stenner &
Nickless
(1974a)
D <1.0 Lande (1977)
D 1.02-0.13 Yost et
al. (1974)
D 0.1
Malyuga
(1941)
361
-------
Laverweed
Porphyra pseudolinearis
Laverweed
Porphyra tenera
Laverweed
Porphyra umbilicalis
Laverweed
Porphyra yezoensis
Sargassum weed
Sargassum fulvellum
Sargassum weed
Sargassum horneri
Sargassum weed
Sargassum sp.
Green alga
Spirogyra sp.
Brown alga
Turbinaria turbinata
Korea
Japan
Korea
Great Britain
Irish Sea
Korea
Carribean Sea
Texas
Indiana
Puerto Rico
D (0.08-0.10) Kim (1972)
D (0.085-4.046) Ishio et
al. (1973)
D (0.04-0.67) Kim (1972)
Preston et
D (0.05-0.97) al. (1972)
D 0.27
Kim (1972)
D (0.11-0.31) Kim & Won
0.18 (1974)
D (0.57-1.48) Kim (1972)
D 0.3
D (1.3-5.2) Forster et
3.1 al. (1972)
D (1.25-2.38) Horowitz &
1.82 Presley
(1977)
D 2.33-0.41 Yost et
al. (1974)
A 6.0
Lowman et
al. (1966)
Green alga
Udotea flabellum
D (0.75-1.7)
0.69
W (0.18-0.79)
0.45
Green alga
Ulva lactuca
Norway
D (0.9-1.5) Stenner &
Nickless
(1974a)
362
-------
Green alga
Ulva lactuca
Green alga
Ulva sp.
Green alga
Valonia ventricosa
Zvgnema sp.
Spain &
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Japan
Undaria pinnatifida Korea
Puerto Rico
Indiana
D (0.5-2.0)
A 5.0 (ave.)
D 0.2
Stenner &
Nickless
(1975)
Lowman et
al. (1966)
Ishibashi
et al.
(1964)
D (0.03-0.60) Kim (1972)
D 0.63
natural
cultured
sporophyll D (0.02-0.25)
blade D (0.20-0.56)
D (0.22-3.2)
0.44
sporophyll D (0.14-0.32)
0.23
A 5.0 (ave.)
D 2.33-0.41
Kim & Won
(1974)
Lowman et
al. (1966)
Yost et
al. (1974)
3.63
-------
(1)
CHROMIUM IN MAMMALS
Soecies
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
(2)
Authority
Pronghorn antelope
Antilocaora americana Idaho
(1)
(2)
hair
(l.9-6Uc.o) Huckabee et
al. (1972)
II
II
Wyoming
TT
(0.3-130.0)
Tl
Cow
Bos
bovis
United
bone
Schroeder e
States
marrow
W
0.03
al. (1962)
II
II
M
mus cle
W
0.09
TT
Tl
f 1
M
whole milk
W
0.01
Tl
tt
Tl
tl
milk, skim
dried
D
0.07
tl
tt
fl
tf
calf liver
D
1.67
Toeofer et
al."(1973)
tf
t!
tl
muscle
D
0.37
TT
tt
tt
TT
milk, skim
D
0.13
TT
II
tt
tf
butter
D
0.15
tt
II
tt
Texas
liver
D
o.uisD 0.0
Horowitz &
Presley
(1977)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not aDplicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. ± Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reoorted.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
364
-------
Coyote
Canis latrans
Wyoming
hair
(0.7-12.0)
Huckabee et
al. (1972)
Guinea pig
Cavia corcellus
United
States
liver
D
(1.1-1.9)
Furr et al.
(1976)
ft tf
ft
kidney
D
(1.7-3.U)
ft
IT 11
It
muscle
D
(1.8-3.U)
tf
ft IT
tt
adrenal
D
(5.6-9.5)
tf
It tt
tt
spleen
D
(3.0-6.0)
It
Elk
Cervus canadensis
Idaho
hair
(1.9-570.0)
Huckabee et
al. (1972)
Cppossum
DidelDhis virs;iniana
Tennessee
D
0.6
NRCC (1976)
Porcupine
Erethizon dorsatum
Wyoming
hair
0.9 ¦
Huckabee et
al. (1972)
It tt
tt
quill
00
•
o
tt
Chipmunk
Eutamias sd.
tt
hair
29.1
tt
Vole
Microtus lonscicaudus
Idaho
ff
1.7
ft
Mountain vole
Microtus montanus
Wyoming
ft
(U.7-180.0)
It
Meadow vole
Microtus pennsylvanicus "
fl
(5.6-8.2)
It
Richardson's vole
Microtus richardsoni
It
ft
10.0
tf
Mouse
Mus t.us cuius
with 0.1 ppm
Cr in food &
water
kidney
W
O.36
Schroeder et
al. (196U)
tt tt
tt
liver
W
0.12
11
It II
ft
heart
W
0.67
tt
365
-------
Mouse
Mus muscuius
with 0.1 ppm
Cr in food &
Schroeder et
el. (L96U)
water
lung
W
0.28
It
tl
tl
spleen
w
O.Ul
II
II
tl
tt
w
O.36 ave. mean
If
If
It
With 5.1 ppm
Cr in food &
water
kidney
w
0.86
II
ft
ft
If
liver
w
0.51
It
II
tt
It
heart
w
1.7
It
II
ft
It
lung
w
0.95
II
ft
tt
tt
spleen
w
1.83
tt
II
II
II
w
1.23 ave mean
tt
Mule deer
Odocoileus hemionus
Mountain goat
Oreamnus americanus
Idaho
Sheep
Ovis aries
Bighorn sheep
Ovis canadensis
Common harbor seal
Phoca vitulina
United
States
Wyoming
Great
Britain
hair
(13.O-630.o)Huckabee et
al. (1972)
(U.O-5.5)
lamb
muscle
hair
W 0.12
0.0
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
Huckabee et
al. (1972)
blood
spleen
heart
muscle
kidney
liver
Hamilton
W 0.03-SD 0.01 (1976)
W O.OOUtSD 0.001
W 0.007
W O.OliSD c.003
W 0.01-SD 0.005
W 0.006±SD 0.00^
366
-------
Rat
Rattus rattus
New
England
(laboratory)
liver
D
(0.149-0.50)
Schroeder &
Nason (1976)
it it
II
lung
D
(1.8U-2.1U)
tt
TT tt
It
heart
D
(2.30-3.82)
It
ft tt
Tt
kidney-
D
(1.79-2.1*7)
II
tt It
ft
spleen
D
(3.01-U.03)
Tt
Squirrel
Sciurus so.
Tennessee
D
0.8
NTRCC
(1976)
Cotton rat
Sigmodon hiSDidus
tt
pelt,
control
W
0.092^0.007
Taylor et al
(1975)
It tt
Tennessee
exposed to
drift from
cooling tower
pelt
W
1.056-0.133
ft
ft It
Tennessee
hair,
control
W
0.395-0.021
tt
ft ft
" exposed
to drift
hair
w
397-0.555
It
ft It
" 100-130 m
from source
pelt
w
(0.93-1.2)
1f
Tt II
tt It
hair
w
(3.9-^.8)
It
ft tt
There was a 10 fold
increese in Cr in
both pelt and hair
It
¦when rats ate vegetation
with high levels of Cr
Tennessee
heart
W
(0.105-0.12U)
It
liver
W
(O.OU6-O.160)
tt
kidney
W
(0.087-0.12 M
tt
spleen
W
(0.1*03-0.713)
If
lung
W
(0.289-0.292)
367
-------
Cotton rat
Sis:aiodon hiSDidus
Tennessee
bone
W
(0.160-0.U60) Taylor et
al. (1975)
tt II
It
muscle
W
(0.23^-0.288)
rt it
II
intestine
W
(1.006-1.0U6)
n ii
If
pelt
W
(0.092-1.056)
IT ft
IT
hair
W
(0.395-U.397)
Shrew
Sorex vasrans
Wyoming
hair
15.0 Huckabee et
al. (1972)
pig
Sus scrofa
muscle
W
0.1 Schroeder et
al. (1972)
Red fox
Vulpes fulva
Tenessee
D
0.8 NRCC 91976)
Western jumping mouse
ZaDUS princeos
Wyoming
hair
(23.O-U5.O) Huckabee et
al. (1972)
368
-------
(1)
CHROMIUM IN BIRDS
(2)
Analysis
Species Locality Tissue PPM Authority
Mallard
Anas platyrhvnchos
Canada
feather
D
0.05
Kelsall (1970!
Black duck
Anas rubrioes
tt
ii
D
0.05
tt
White-fronted goose
Anser albifrons
ft
ii
D
0.05
11
Lesser scauo duck
Aythya affinis
TT
it
D
0.05
ft
Barrow goldeneye
Bucephala islandica
low levels
gut, blood
of Cr^ only
, lungs
in Davis et
al. (1958)
Crow
Corvus brachyrhynchos
Tennessee
D
1.0
Andren et
si. (1973)
Chicken
Gallus domesticus
United
States
breast
muscle
W
0.26
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
rt ir
tt
gizzard
W
0.11
tt
it »t
It
skin
W
0.27
rt
ft t!
ft
egg
W
0.16
tt
(1)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
(2)
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated ss reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
369
-------
Chicken
Gallus domesticus
muscle
D
0.37
Toepfer et
al. (1973)
tt t!
egg
D
0.7
M
Lesser black-backed gull
Larus fuscus fuscus Norway
muscle
D
1.0
Lande (1977)
If II IT
ft
liver
D
1.0
If
if tt tr
ft
kidney-
D
1.0
tt
Sparrow
Passer domesticus
Tennessee
D
1.0
Andren et
al. (1973)
Brown pelican
Pelecanus occidentalis
Florida
egg
W
(0.005-0.067)
geom. mean
0.01^
1
Blus et al.
(1977)
If tf
South
Carolina
ft
W
(0.001-0.15)
geom. mean
0.011
tf
tt ft
If
liver
W
(0.026-0.056)
"
II It
Georgia
tt
W
0.020
If
It tf
Florida
W
(0.0U9-0.110)
1
Eider
Somateria mollissima
Norway
muscle
D
1.0
Lande (1977)
tt tf
tt
liver
D
1.0
tt
If ft
If
kidney
D
1.0
It
It It
If
egg
D
1.0
It
Hawk
Tennessee
D
1.0
Andren et
al. (1973)
Owl
ft
D
0.2
tt
Partridge
United
States
gizzard
W
0.13
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
370
-------
CHROMIUM 115 MAF.TI.T.: F'TSr!
I2j
L-r3
Locality ¦ Tissue
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Atlantic wolffish
Anarchichas lupus
Deepbody anchovy
Anchoa compressa
Sablefish
Anoplopcma fimbria
Blue hake
Antimora rostrata
Greater silver smelt
Argentina silus
Norway
California muscle
Oregon
New Jersey muscle
" liver
Norway
Silverfish
Argyrozona argyrozona S. Africa
Atractoscion aecuidens "
(1)
muscle
D 1.0
D 0.8
Lande (1977)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
W (O.O-U3.O) Seymour &
pCi/g Cr^ Lewis (196M
W <0.61
W (co.52-0.59)
D 1.0
W <0.1
W 0.0
Greig et al.
(1976)
Lande (1977)
Van As et
al. (1975)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
(2)
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
371
-------
Bogue
Boops "hoops
Mediterranean muscle
internal
organs
Filamented rattail
Chalinura filifera
Rabbitfish
Chimaera monstrosa
Oregon
Norway
Chrysoblephus gibbiceps S. Africa muscle
Herring
Clupea harengus "
Shiner perch
Cymatogaster aggregata California
Sand sea trout
Cynoscion arenarius
Texas
D 0.22
D 0.5
D 1.0
W <0.1
D 1.0
D 2.0
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
W 7.2 pCi/g Seymour &
Cr5l Lewis
(196U)
Lande (1977)
Van As et
al. (1975)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
skin
D (5.5-8.3)6.9 Horowitz &
Presley
(1977)
D (3.5-3.3)3.7
Porgy
Diplodus vulgaris
Northern anchovy
Engraulis mordax
Anchovy
Engraulis ringens
Grouper
Epinephelus aeneus
Israel
California
Pacific
Israel
air
bladder
muscle
muscle
D (1.8-2.7)2.6
D 1.0
D 2.5
Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
A (c.11-0.16) Goldberg
(1962)
D 1.0
Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
372
-------
Merou "blanc
Epjnephalus guaza
Israel
muscle
Priest shark
Etmopterus spinax Norway
Atlantic cod
Gadus morhua
N.E. Atlantic muscle
Black-mouthed dogfish
Galeus melastomus
Iceland
Norway
White croaker
Genyonemus lineatus
California
muscle
Rex sole
Glyptocephalus zachirus Oregon
Halosauran
Halosauropsis macrochir New Jersey muscle
Pacific halibut
Hippoglossus stenolepis Gulf of
Alaska
Longspine squirrelfish
Holocentrus rufus Puerto Rico
Lanternfish
Hygophum hygomi
New Jersey whole
Surf smelt
Hypomesus pretiosus Oregon
Kabeljou
Johnius hololepidotus S. Africa
muscle
D 2.U Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
D 1.0 Lande
(1977)
W (0.0-0.16) Zook et al.
0.07-SB 0.05 (1976)
W (0.0-0.20)
0.12-SD 0.06
D (1.0-2.0) Lande
(1977)
D 0.3 Emerson et
al. (1976)
W (0.0-7.7) Seymour &
pCi/g Cr^ Lewis (196k)
W (0.98-1.17) Greig et
al. (1976)
W (O.O5-O.U7) Zook et
0.18-SD 0.11 al. (1976)
W (10.0-11.0) Lowman et
10.5 al. (1966)
W <0.1+9 Greig et al.
(1976)
W 8U.0 pCi/g Seymour &
Cr51 Lewis (196U)
Van As et
W 0.72-SD 0.97 al. (1975)
373
-------
Yellowtail flounder
Limanda ferruginea Long Island muscle
IT IT - .
liver
N.E. Atlantic muscle
Lithognathus lithognathus
S. Africa
Angler
Lophius piscatorius "
Red snapper
Lut.janus campechanus Gulf of
Mexico
Grenadier
Macrurus rupestris Norway-
Blue marlin
Makaira nigricans Japan muscle
Haddock
Melanogrammus aeglefinus
(=Gadus aeglefinus)
N.W. Atlantic muscle
Norway -
Whiting
Merlangius merlangus
Silver hake, whiting
Merluccius bilinearis Maine
muscle
Hake, stockfish
Merluccius capensis
S. Africa
W (<0.1-0.2)
W ((0.1-0.2)
w (0.0-0.29)
0.09±0.09
W 0.11
W <0.1
Greig &
Wenzloff
(1977)
Zook et al.
(1976)
Van As et
al. (1975)
Zook et al.
W (c.0-0.50) (1976)
0.12±SD 0.13
D 1.0
Lande (1977)
W (C. 0^.-0,03) Nishiyaki
0.06-0.02 et al.
(197^)
W 0.02
D 0.3U
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
Toepfer et
al. (1973)
W (0.0-0.22) Zook et al.
0.12-SD 0.07 (1976)
D (1.0-2.0) Lande (1977)
D 1.0
W (0.0-0.26) Zook et al.
0.09±SD 0.09 (1976)
W 0.26-SD 0.UU Van As et
al. (1975)
374
-------
European hake
Merluccius merluccius
Israel
muscle
D
(2.2-2.7)
Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
Pacific hake
Merluccius productus
Washington,
Oregon
tt
W
(0.0-0.23) Zook et al
0.09-SD 0.07 (1976)
Atlantic croaker
Micropogon undulatus
Texas
tl
D
7.3
Horowitz &
Presley
(1977)
tf It
ft
skin
D
U.8
ft
Dover sole
Microstomus pacificus
California
W
(0.0-1.1)0.5
Fowler et
al. (1975)
1! tf
tt
muscle
D
<0.2
McDermott
et al.
(1976)
Tt ft
II
gonad
D
(<0.2-0.9)
tl
It tl
tl
liver
D
(<0.2-0.6)
tf
tt tt
It
kidney-
D
(0.2-0.5)
tt
tl ft
ft
heart
D
(<0.2-0.U)
Tt
Planehead filefish
Monocanthus hispidus New Jersey
(=Stephanolepis hispidus)
whole
W
<0.52
Greig et
al. (1976)
Striped bass
Morone saxatilis
Long Island
W
0.613
Zawacki &
Briggs
(1976)
tt tf
It tf
D
1.96
It
Mullet
Mugil richardsoni
S. Africa
muscle
W
<0.1
Van As et
al. (1975)
Goatfish
Mullus barbatus
Israel
!t
D
(2.4-4.9)
Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
375
-------
Smooth dogfish
Mustelus canis
Long Island
muscle
W
<0.3
Greig &
Wenzloff
(1977)
ft II
11 tt
li ver
w
<0.8
ft
Nematonurus armatus
New Jersey
muscle
w
<0.68
Greig et
al. (1976)
It 11
It
liver
w
<0.86
It
Yellowfin tuna
Neothunnus raacropterus
Pacific
whole
A
(c.oU-o.3)
Goldberg
(1962)
It It
It
blood
A
0.05
11
M II
tt
pyloric
caeca
A
1.20
tl
It II
tt
eyeball
A
0.07
tl
If It
tt
white
muscle
A
0.03
tl
II II
It
dark
muscle
A
0.07
It
It »
ft
gill
A
0.05
II
II It
11
heart
A
0.35
tt
tl II
tl
intestine
A
O.OU
11
ff ft
tt
integument
A
0.i6
11
tt tt
It
spleen
A
0.11
It
tt II
It
stomach
A
0.06
It
tt II
tt
in stomach
(squid)
A
0.06
tt
Tt It
Japan
W
(0.05-0.00)
0.09-0.01
Nishigaki
et al. (197*0
Hottentot
PachymetoDon prande
S. Africa
muscle
W
3.0
Van As et
al. (1975)
376
-------
Sea "bream
Calico bass
Paralabrax clathratus
Flounder
Paralichthys sp.
White sea perch
Phanerodon furcatus
Pollock
Pollachius virens
California
muscle
D
0.03
Fukai &.
Broquet
(1965)
internal
organs
D
0.25
(t
dorsal
muscle
D
(1.3-1.7)
Stapleton
(1968)
ventral
muscle
D
l.U
n
gonad
D
(2.0-2.6)
ti
liver
D
(1.0-1.5)
11
integument
D
(l.U-1.9)
it
heart
D
(0.9-1.7)
11
eyeball
D
(U.8-5-5)
11
United States muscle
skin
California muscle
N.W. Atlantic
W
W
0.01
0.18
c.6
Schroeder
et al. (1962)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
W
(O.0-0.18) Zook et al.
0.08-SD 0.07 (1976)
Bluefish
Pomatomus saltatrix Long Island
Wenchman
Pristipomoides aquilonarus
Texas
w 0.1+98
D 1.22
muscle D 2.U
Zawacki &
Briggs (1976)
Horowitz &
Presley
(1977)
skin
viscera
377
D
D
3.5
^.5
-------
Winter flounder
Fseudopleuronectes americanus
Texas
Pilchard
Sardina pilchardus
Gilt sardine
Sardine11a aurita
Lizardfish
Saurida undosquamis
Chub mackerel
Scomber .japonicus
Atlantic mackerel
Scomber sccmbrus
Windcwpane flounder
Scophthalmus aquosus
muscle
skin
Long Island muscle
Israel
internal
organs
muscle
Israel
S. Africa
Mediterranean
muscle
internal
organs
Long Island
New York
Bight
Delaware
Maryland
Horowitz &
D (O.6-7.^)3.3 Presley
(1977)
D (2.9-7.UJU.U
W (<0.5-0.5) Greig &
Wenzloff
(1977)
Mediterranean muscle D O.lU
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
D 0.3
D (2.1-3.U) Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
D (0.6-2.2) Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
W O.65-SD 0.85 Van As et
al. (1975)
D 0.05
D O.k
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
W 0.6-SE 0.3 Greig et
al. (1977b)
W <0.5
W <0.5
W <0.2
378
-------
Windovpane flounder
Scophthalmus aquosus Long Island
Ocean perch, redfish
Sebastes marinus
Rock fish
Sebastodes spp.
Queenfish
Seriphus politus
Yellowtail
Seriola pappei
Amberjack
Seriola sp.
n if
Maine
Oregon
S. Africa
Black-ear bass
Serranus atrobranchius Texas
Sip;anus rivulatus Israel
Sole
Solea solea "
Barracuda
Sphyraena sphyraena "
Spiny dogs'nark
Saualus acanthius Sweden
liver
muscle
skin
muscle
w 0.386
D I.5U
Zawacki &
Briggs
(1976)
muscle W (0.0-0.23) Zook et al.
O.lOiSD 0.08 (1976)
W (0.0-15.0) Seymour &
pCi/g Cr-^ Lewis (196^)
California muscle D 0.7
Emerson et
al. (1976)
W 1.0—SD 1.8 Van As et
al. (1975)
New Jersey muscle W <0.52
w <1.26
D 7.2
D U.9
D l.k
Greig et
al. (.1976)
Horowitz &
Presley
(1977)
Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
D 1.1
D (1.7-2.0)
without
viscera D 0.2
Noddack &
Noddack (19^+0)
379
-------
Long-spined porgy
Stenotonus chrysops
Texas
Synaphobranchus kaupi New Jersey
Sole
Synaptura marginata
Striped marlin
TetraDturus audax
Albacore
Thunnus alalunga
S. Africa
Japan
Pacific
muscle
skin
viscera
whole
spleen
heart
gall-
bladder
liver
pyloric
caeca
stomach
dorsal
muscle
D (0.9-3.2)2.0 Horowitz &
Presley
(1977)
D (3.5-15.0)8.1
D 3.8
W <0.U2
Greig et
al. (1976)
muscle W 1.3±SD 1.8 Van As et
al. (1975)
W (0.02-0.13) Nishigaki
0.08^0.04 et al.
(197*0
A 35.0 Goldberg
(1962)
A 0.04
A 0.1
A 0.0U
A 0.0U
A 0.03
A 0.06
Japan
midline
muscle
muscle
A 0.0U
W (0.03-0.07) Nishigaki
O.OUIO.Ol et al.
(197^)
Albacore tuna
Thunnus' albacares
Mexico to
Panama
Zook et
W (0.0-0.lU) al. (1976)
0.07-SD 0.05
380
-------
Big eye tuna
Thunnus obesus
Rough scad
Trachurus lathami
Horse mackerel
Trachurus trachurus
Sea robin
Triglia capensis
Sea robin
Triglia sp.
Dwarf goatfish
Upeneus moluccensis
Red hake
Urophycis chuss
White hake
Urophycis tenuis
Swordfish
Xiphias gl^dius
Xingklip
Xiphiurus capensis
Mexico to
Panama
¦ Texas
S. Africa
Texas
Israel
Long Island
Japan
S. Africa
muscle W (0.02-0.26) Nishigaki
0.07*0.05 et al.
skin
viscera
D (2.7-5.0)
3.9
(197*4-)
Horowitz &
Presley
(1977)
D (2.8-1+.6)3.7
D 3.8
muscle W O.lU
W <0.1
Van As et
al. (1975)
" D (0.9-3.9)2.5 Horowitz &
Presley
(1977)
skin D (2.2-5.0)3.1
muscle D (2.0-4.1) Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
Greig &
Wengloff
(1977)
W <0.2
liver W <0.2
muscle W <0.2
liver W <0.2
muscle W (0.03-0.28) Nishigaki et
O.Oo-O.Ol al. (1974)
W 0.92-SD 1.54 Van As et
al. (1975)
381
-------
CHROMIUM IK FRESHWATER FISH
(1)
(2)
Species
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Whitefish
Alburnus so.
Danube River
Alewife
Alosa pseudoharengus Lake Michigan whole
II ft rr.
Wisconsin
Rockbass
Ambloplites rupestris
Bowfin
Amia calva
Freshwater drum
Aplodinotus grunnieris
Goldfish
Carassius auratus
Q,uillback
Carpioides cyurinus
Illinois
muscle
(1)
(2)
D (0.21-
0.98)0.5
Reywoldt et
al. (1975)
W 1.1-SE 0.5 Lucas et al.
(1970)
Kleinert et
al. (197U)
W 0.0
W 0.0
W 0.09
W (0.0-0.01+)
W 0.0
w 0.0
W (0.02-0.60) Ma this &
0.21 Cummings
(1973)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
382
-------
Largescale sucker
Cetastomus
macrocheilus
Sucker
Catestomus so.
Columbia
River
Wisconsin
Cisco, Lake herring
Coregonus artedii
Lake whitefish
Coregonus cluoeaformis
Slimy sculpin
Cottus cognatus
Carp
Cyprinus carpio
Gizzard shad
Dorosoma cenedianum
Northern pike
Esox lucius
It I?
tl tt
II II
Moose Lake
Lake Ontario
Great Lakes
Wisconsin
Illinois
Danube River
Illinois
highest Cr^ is in blood, Davis et
liver, kidney and spleen al. (1958)
muscle
muscle
Moose Lake &
Lake St. Pierre
Lake Erie
Illinois muscle
Wisconsin
W (c.0-0.2)
W 0.0
W 0.033
W 0.017
Kleinert et
al. (197>0
Uthe & Bligh
(1971)
Catfish
Ictalurus sdd.
(0.09^-0.U8) Thomas (1972)
W (o.0-0.27) Kleinert et
al. (19710
W (0.02-0.U6) Mathis &
0.16 Cummings
(1973)
D (0.21-0.98) Reywoldt et
0.5 al. (1975)
W (0.10-1.06) Mnthis &
0.^5 Cummings
(1973)
Uthe & Bligh
w (<0.026-0.035) (1971)
w <0.031
W (0.02-0.22) Mathis &
0.13 Cummings
(1973)
W (0.0-0.09) Klei nert et
al. (197M
w 0.03
383
-------
Bigraouth buffalo
Ictiobius cyprinellus Illinois
muscle W (0.02-0.53) Mathis &
0.13 Cummings
(1973)
Shortnose gar
Lepisosteus platostomus Illinois "
W (0.10-0.20)
0.1b
Pumpkinseed
Lepomis gibbosus
Blue gill
Lepomis macrochirus
Burbot
Lota lota
Wisconsin
W 0.08
w (0.0-0.07)
W 0.0
Kleinert et
al. (197U)
Smallmouth bass
Micropterus dolomieui
Illinois
Largemouth bass
Micropterus salaoides Wisconsin
Illinois
w (0.03-0.18) "
muscle W (0.0!+-0.27) Mathis &
0.16 Cummings
(1973)
W (0.0-0.07) Kleinert et
al. (197^)
muscle W (0.0U-0.2U) Mathis &
0.11 Cummings
(1973)
White bass
Morone chrysops
(=Roccus chrysops)
Illinois muscle W (0.0U-0.08)
0.06
Wisconsin W (0.0-0.0^) Kleinert et
al. (197*0
Red horse sucker
Moxostoma macrolepidotum
Illinois
muscle W (0.07-0.15) Mathis &
0.09 Cummings
(1973)
Redhorse
Moxostoma sp.
Wisconsin
W 0.0U
Kleinert et
al. (197U)
384
-------
Spottail shiner
Notropis hudsonius
Lake Michigan whole
Lake Erie
American smelt
Osmerus mordax
" " Great Lakes
Coho salmon
Oncorhynchus kisutch Wisconsin
mus cle
Yellow perch
Perca flavescens
Wisconsin
Trout-perch
Percopsis omiscomaycus Lake Michigan whole
Crappie
Pomoxis sp.
Lake Superior
Wisconsin
Yellow bass
Roccus mississippiensis
Rainbow trout
Saltno gairdnerii
Brown trout
Salmo trutta
Brook trout
Salvelinus fontinalis
Lake trout
Salvelinus naymaycush
Lake Cayuga
New York
W 0.9-SE 0.5 Lucas et al.
(1970)
W 10.0?
w 0.03U
(0.063-0.35) Thomas (1972)
Uthe & Bligh
(1971)
W 0.0
Lake Erie muscle W <0.065
Kleinert et
al. (197U)
Uthe & Bligh
(1971)
W (o.O-O.l) Kleinert et
al.' (197U)
W 1.6±SE 0.2 Lucas et al.
(1970)
w <3.0?
age in -
years 1
W (0.0-0.1)
w 0.01+
w (0.0-0.09)
w (0.0-0.09)
W 0.0
W 0.08
W 0.0052
w 0.0023
Kleinert et
al. (197U)
Tong et al.
(197k)
385
-------
Lake trout
New York
years
3
w
0.0032
(197U)
!t
h
w
0.00U1
11
tl
5
w
0.012
tt
It
6
w
0.0128
tt
tl
7
w
0.011
fl
ft
8
w
0.0052
tl
II
9
w
0.010
II
II
10
w
0.011
II
tl
11
w
0.032
tt
ir
12
w
0.090
ft
Walleye
Stizostedion vitreum Wisconsin
W (o.O-O.lU)
Kleinert et
al. (197^)
Great Lakes
(0.069-O.U3) Thomas
(1972)
386
-------
Soecies
TABLE 18. CHROMIUM IN MOLLUSCS
(I)
Locality
Analysis
Tissue PPM
(2)
Authority
Limpet
Acmaea digitalis
California
shell
D 5.7
Graham
(1972)
soft
parts
Calico scallop
Aequipecten gibbus
Florida
Atlantic bay scallop
Aeouipecten irradians Massachusetts
Clam
Amblema plicata
Illinois
Common northern buccinum
Buccinum undatuT. Scotland
(1)
(2)
D (7.1-2U.2)
W (0.0-0.23) Zook et al.
o.ioisD 0.06 (1976)
W (0.0-0.15)
0.05-SD 0.05
W (0.6-9.9)^.^ Mathis &
Cummings
(1973)
D 25.0
Mackay et
al. (1972)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
1 indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
387
-------
Channeled whelk
Busycon canaliculatum Long Island muscle
Chincoteague
Long Island
digestive
gland
Pteropod
Gavolinia quadridentata Gulf of Aquaba
Pteropod
Cavolinia unicata "
Scallop
Chlamys opercularis Great Britain soft
parts
Scallop
Chlamys septemradiata Scotland
Black mussel
Choromytilis Tieridionalis
S. Africa "
Pteropod
Clio pyr amidata
Portuguese oyster
Crassostrea angulata
(=Gryphaeaangulata)
Pacific oyster
Crassostrea gigas
Gulf of Aquaba
France soft
coast parts
Oregon
Pacific
coast - U.S.
W <0.8
W <0.5
W <0.5
w <0.8
Greig et
al. (1977b)
(O.U3-U.91) Turekian et
al. (1973)
0.50-0.19
D 2.2
D 1+2.0
Bryan
(1973)
Mackay et
al. (1972)
W O.loiSD 0.06 Van As et
al. (1975)
D l.U
Watling &
Watling
(1976b)
(1.13-^.09) Turekian et
al. (1973)
D 0.5
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
W (0.0-15.0) Seymour &
pCi/g Cr51 Lewis
(196U)
Pringle et
W (0.10-0.30) al. (1968)
388
-------
Pacific oyster
Crassostrea gigas
American oyster
Crassostrea virsgnica
Tasmania
New England
D 7.9
Ayling
(1973)
W ((0.12-3.37) Schuster &
Pringle
(1969)
ft tf
ft II
20 wks in 0.05
ppm Cr W (5.81-6.28)
20 wks in 0.1
ppm Cr W (10.87-11.^9)
Texas
shell
Atlantic slipper shell
CreDidula fornicata
Atlantic soft
coast-U.S. parts
Mobile Bay
Chesapeake Bay
Long Island
Great Britain
Pteropod
Cresius acicula
White mussel
Donax serra
Octopus
Eledone -nose hat a
Gulf of Aquaba
S. Africa
soft
parts
Mediterranean whole
D <1.0
Smith &
Wright
(1962)
Pringle et
W (0.01+-3.1+0) al. (1968)
0.U0
W (<0.1-3.3) Kopfler &
0.35 Mayer (1973)
W (0.0-0.15) Zook et al.
0.09±SD 0.06 (1976)
w (0.12-0.51+)
0.19±SD 0.12
W 0.3
D 2.0
Segar et
al. (1971)
(1.70-2.71) Turekian et
al. (1973)
+ Van As et
W 0.2U-SD 0.03 al. (1975)
D 0.12
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
389
-------
Clam
Fusconaia flava
Abalone
Haliotis midae
Red abalone
Haliotis rufescens
Illinois
soft
parts
S. Africa
California gill
Mathis &
W (1.1-11.6)7.7 Cunmings
(1973)
W 0.50-SD 0.25 Van As et
al. (1975)
D (0.5-^.^) Anderlini
(197U)
mantle D (0.0-13.0)
Squid
IIlex sp.
ft fl
II II
fi n
Pteropoda
Limacina retroversa
Squid
Loligo vulgaris
Bent-nose macoma
Macoma nasuta
Texas
digestive
gland D (l.U-13.2)
muscle
with skin D (3.0-^.7)
6.1
muscle D (O.U-ll.o)
5.^
viscera D (2.7-7.1)
3.9
pen
New England
South Atlantic
France soft
coast parts
California
D 3.1
A <1.0
ND
D 0.07
Horowitz
& Presley
(1977)
Nicholls et
al. (1959)
Turekian et
al. (1973)
Fukai 8c
Broquet
(1965)
D (19.1-22.2) Emerson et
al. (1976)
Northern quahog
Mercena'ria mercenaria
Great Britain
W 0.16
Segar et
al. (1971)
390
-------
Northern quahog
Mercenaria mercenaria
Great Britain
United States
E. United
States
D 0.79
Segar et al.
(1971)
W (0.19-5.80) Pringle et
0.31 al. (1968)
W (0.06-0.6U)
0.17-SD 0.17
Northern horse mussel
Modiolus modiolus
Irish Sea
w 0.03
Segar et
al. (1971)
D O.lU
Murex
Murex trunculus
Mediterranean soft
parts D 0.9
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
Soft shell clam
Mya arenaria
Oregon
Atlantic
coast „
United States
W (0.0-78.0) Seymour &
pCi/g Cr^ Lewis (196U)
W (0.0-0.U3) Zook et al.
0.23±SD 0.12 (1976)
W (0.10-5.0) Pringle et
0.52 al. (1968)
Californian mussel
Mytilus californianus
Oregon
California
shell
W (C.O-ll+O.O) Seymour &
pCi/g Cr^ Lewis (196U)
D ('<5.7-1^.2) Graham
(1972)
soft
parts
D (<1.5-7.8)
Pacific
Coast
United States
D (1.2-1.8) Alexander &
Rowland
(1966)
California digestive Alexander &
gland D (0.8-61.0) Young (1976)
Common mussel
Mytilus edulis
New Zealand
D (9.0-2U.0) Brooks &
16.0 Rumsby (1965)
391
-------
Common mussel
Mvtilus edulis
New Zealand
mantle
D
<3.0
Brooks &
Rumsby
(1965)
It It
II
gill
D
10.0
II
ft ft
II
muscle
D
<3.0
If
It tt
It
visceral
mass
D
29.0
tt
tt It
It
intestine
D
<3.0
tt
tt rt
11
foot
D
<3.0
tt
it rt
tt
gonad
D
<3.0
n
tt tt
tt
shell
D
<3.0
ft
ft ii
tt
soft
parts
D
1.0
ll
tt tt
Mediterranean
rt
D
1.0
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
tt tt
Belgium
it
D
(0.56-2.0)
1.23
Bertine &
Goldberg
(1972)
tt 11
Netherlands
tt
D
6.6
rt
it ii
Irish Sea
Great Britain
it
W
0.17
Segar et al.
(1971)
tt it
II
it
D
1.5
tt
tt M
California
shell
D
5.7
Graham (1972)
tl It
It
soft
parts
D
(<1.5-7.6)
U.o
If
tl tt
Oregon
W
(0.0-1U0.0)
pCi/g Cr51
Seymour &
Lewis (196U)
it rt
Norway
soft
parts
D
(U.O-i+9.0)
Lande (1977)
tt it
If
shell
D
(1.0-2.0)
tt
392
-------
Common mussel
Mytilus eduLis
Mediterranean soft
parts
California
digestive
gland
D (0.5-28.8)
7.5
D (2.0-15.2)
Mus se1
Mytilus galloprovincialis
Mediterranean
Giant western nassa
Nassarius fossatus
Eastern mud nassa
California
D (0.5-28.8)
D 12.1
Fowler &
Oregioni
(1976)
Alexander
et al.
(1975)
Fowler &
Oregione
(1976)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
Nassarius obsoletus
Oregon
W
(0.0-5.3L
pCi/g Cr?1
Seymour &
Lewis (196U)
Nut clam
Nucula sulcata
Scotland
soft
parts
D
18.0
Mackay et
al. (1972)
Squid
Ommastrephes illecebrosa
New England
A
<1.0
Nicholls et
al. (1959)
Oyster
Ostrea sinuata
New Zealand
D
(2.0-6.0)
3.0
Brooks &
Rumsby
(1965)
It If
ft
mantle
D
(3.0
ft
It It
ft
gill
D
(3.0
tt
tt It
ft
muscle
D
(3.0
It
tt tt
rt
kidney-
D
<3.0
ft
It II
it
heart
D
9.0
tt
If If
tt
shell
D
<3.0
II
Limpet "
Patella intermedia
France
coast
soft
parts
D
0.8
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
393
-------
Limpet
Patella intermedia
Limpet
Patella vulgata
France
coast
Israel
at dischargf
pipe
" not at dis-
charge pipe
Israel
Norway
Fukai &
Giant pacific scallop
Pecten caurinus Oregon
(=Patinopecten caurinus)
Scallop
Pecten .jacobaeus
Scallop
Pecten maximus
France
coast
Great Britain
Scallop
Pecten novae-zelandiae New Zealand
shell
D
0.07
Broquet
(1965)
soft
parts
D
(18.5-23.2)
Navrot et
al. (197*0
t!
D
(9.7-lU.O)
11
shell
D
(9.3-10.1+)
ft
D
(7.0-17.0)
Lande (1977)
D
(1.0-2.0)
W
(3.8-18.0)
pCi/g Cr5
Seymour &
Lewis (196U)
soft
parts
D
1.1
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
ft
D
1.3
Bryan (1973)
D
(3.0-23.0)
16.0
Brooks &
Rumsby (1965)
mantle
D
(3.0
T!
gill
D
1U5.0
tT
muscle
D
<3.0
II
visceral
mass
D
8.0
tr
intestine
D
2k.0
tt
kidney
D
17.0
n
foot
D
8.0
tt
gonad
D
<3.0
n
394
-------
Scallop
Pecten novae-zelandiae New Zealand shell
Atlantic
deep sea scallop
Placopecten magellanicus
Delaware
E. United States
Common Pacific littleneck
Protothaca staminea California
Clam
Quadrula quadrula
Pacific razor clam
Siliqua patula
Surf clam
Spisula solidissima
Pteropod
Styliola tubula
Illinois
Oregon
Virginia
Delaware
Chincoteague
South Atlantic
soft
parts
shell
soft
parts
Littleneck clam
Tapes decussatus Mediterranean
(=Venerubis decussatus)
D <3.0
Brooks 8c
Rumsby
(1965)
W
(0.89-6.88) Pesch et
3.08 al. (1977)
(O.0-0,12) Zook et al.
0.06-SD 0.0U (1976)
D
D
W
w
heart &
tongue W
<1.5
<5.7
Graham
(1972)
Mathis &
(1.8-8.3)^.7 Cummings
(1973)
(O.O-38.O) Seymour &
pCi/g Cr^ Lewis (196*0
Zook et al.
(0.20-0.69) (1976)
0.39-SD C.15
W <0.7
W <0.5
Greig et
al. (1977b)
(0.66-0.72) Turekian et
al. (1973)
D 1.6
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
Littleneck clam
Tapes semidecussata California shell D
10.3-SD 0.7 Graham (1972)
soft parts D 10.3-SD 0.7
395
-------
Beaded periwinkle
Tectarius muricatus Puerto Rico soft Lowman et
parts W (3.0-12.0)7.1 al. (1965)
D (13.O-U2.0)21.8
Black tegula
Tegula funebralis
Short-spired dogwinkle
Thais enarginata
California
Oregon
California
Venus shell
Venus verrucosa
shell
soft
parts
shell
Mediterranean soft
parts
W 68.2
w U3.52
Stevenson et
al. (1966)
D (<5.7-15.3) Graban (1^72)
D (<1.5-12.2)
W (O.O-U.3) Seymour 5c
pCi/g Cr^ Lewis
D 1.5
D (<5.7-10.5)
D 0.5
(1964)
Graham
(1972)
Fukai Sc
Broquet
(1965)
396
-------
(1)
CHROMIUM IN ARTHROPODA
(2)
Species
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
Authority
CRUSTACEA
Decapoda
Ghost shrimp
Callianassa californiensis
California
Blue crab
Callinectes sapidus
Crab
Cancer anthonyi
Rock crab
Cancer irroratus
Chesapeake
Bay
California
muscle
gill
New York Bight
(1)
D (3.^-5.7)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
Long Island muscle
New York Bight "
Delaware "
Chincoteague "
Long Island digestive
to Chincoteague gland
W (0.07-0.35) Zook et al.
0.18±SD 0,09 (1976)
W (0.I-O.5) Fowler et
al. (1975)
W 0.6±SE 0.12 Greig et
al. (1977b)
W <0.5
w <0.3
w <0.5
w (0.U-1.2)
w (0.80-2.5)
D (<3.5-35.2) " (1977a)
(2)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable
1 indicates questionable data.
I
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry cr Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard error
(SE), median and geometric mean are indicated as reported. pCi/g =
picocuries per gram.
397
-------
Shore crab
Carcinus maenas
Sand shrimp
Crangon allmani
Sand shrimp
Crangon crangon
Crab
Eriphia verrucosa
Red crab
Geryon quinquedens
American lobster
Homarus americana
Mediterranean soft
parts
Norway "
Scotland "
soft
parts
Belgium
soft
parts
New Jersey
United States claw
muscle
D O.U
D 8.0
Mediterranean carapace D 0.3
D 0.01+
D (o.OU-2.1)
carapace D O.U
D 0.7
W <0.52
W 0.0
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
Lande (1977)
D (9.O-I3.O) Mackay et
al. (1972)
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
Bertine &
Goldberg
(1972)
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
Greig et
al. (1976)
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
tail
muscle
W 0.0
digestive
gland W 0.33
shell
W 0.0
Rock lobster
Jasus lalandii
S. Africa
W 0.08-SD 0.08 Van As et
al. (1975)
398
-------
Crab
Mursia gaudichaudii California
W HD
Fowler et
al. (1-975)
Pink shrimp
Pandalus borealis
Prawn
Pandalus montagui
Spiny lobster
Panulirus borealis
N.W. Atlantic
Scotland
Florida
King crab
Paralithodes camschatica
Alaska
soft
parts
tail
muscle
body
muscle
leg
muscle
W (0.0-0.25) Zook et al.
O.lotSD 0.07 (1976)
Mackay et
D (17.0-20.0) al. (1972)
W (O.O6-O.31) Zook et al.
0.1^-SD 0.08 (197b)
W (0.0-0.2*0
O.loiSD 0.09
w (0.0-0.30)
0.13-SD 0.09
muscle D 0.09
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
Shrimp
Parapenaeus longirostris
Mediterranean soft
Brown shrimp
Penaeus aztecus
Texas
parts D 0.11
carapace D 0.5
muscle D (0.1+-3.8)2.1 Horowitz &
Presley
(1977)
exoskeleton D (7.6-17.3)10.6 "
viscera D (3.1J-5«3)i+.0 "
W (0.0-0.19) Zook et al.
o.ioisD 0.06 (1976)
White shrimp
Penaeus setiferus
Mississippi
Florida
399
w (0.15-0.25)
0.19-SD 0.0k
w (0.0-0.11)
0.05±SD 0.01
-------
Crab
Pisa nodiues
Mediterranean whole
D 1.1
Rock shrimp
levels of Cr^
Texas
Fukai &
Broque t
(1965)
Long-eyed swimming crab
Podophthalmus vigil Washington gills absorb very high Sather
(1967)
Kelp crab
Pugettia producta California feces A (ND-7.6) Boothe &
**.1-3.3 Knauer
(1972)
muscle D (l.8-i+.2) Horowitz &
2.8 Presley
(1977)
exoskeleton D (0.5-2.7)1.7
Copepoda
Copepod
Acartia clausi
Copepod
Centropagus hamatus
and t.ypicus
Copepod
Clausocalanus so.
Paracalanus sp.
Mediterranean whole
Greece
New England
Mediterranean
D 1.5
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
D (1.51-5.25) Zafiropoulos
3.26 & Grimanis
(1977)
A 260.0
D 2.1
D 2.1
Nicholls et
al. (1959)
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
Isopoda
Slater
Ligia pallasii
Oregon
whole W (0.0-27.0)
pCi/g Cr^l
Seymour &
Lewis
(196U)
400
-------
Cirripedia
Goose barnacle
Mitella polynerus
IT It
>1 II
Euphausiacea
Euphausia krohnii New England
Euphausids S. Africa
(with copepods)
INSECTA
Termite
Odontotermes transvaalensis &
Trinerviterrnes dispar Rhodesia
It It It
It ft tt
Oregon
Washington stem
body
worker
soldier
queen
W (0.0-12.0) Seymour &
pCi/g Cr^i- Lewis (196U)
D 3.6 Alexander &
Rowland
(1966)
D lh.0
A <1.0 Nicholls et
al. (1959)
Van As et
W (0.05-0.15) al. (1975)
Wild (1975)
D 1,500.0
D" 300.0
D 20.0 "
401
-------
(1)
CHROMIUM IN ECHINODERMATA
(2)
Species
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Sea urchin
Arbacia lixula
Sea Star
Asterias rubens
Greece
Sweden
whole
without
viscera
Starfish
Astropecten irregularis Mediterranean whole
Sea urchin
Brissopsis lyrifera
Sea urchin
Echinaster sepositus
Sea urchin
Echinometra lucunter
Sea cucumber
Holothuria forskalii
Sweden
Greece
Puerto Rico
Mediterranean
without
viscera
whole
(1)
(2)
D 13.0
D 0.02
D 1.2
D 0.02
D 0.83
w 1+3.2
D 0.3
Papadopoulou
et al. (1976)
Noddack &
Noddack
(19^0)
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
Noddack &
Noddack
(19^0)
Papadopoulou
et al. (1976)
Stevenson et
al. (1966)
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates cn a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
402
-------
Sea cucumber
HoLothuria tubulosa
Greece
whole
D 0.80
Papadopculou
et al. (1976)
Starfish
Marthasterias glacialis
D 1.6
Serpent star
0 phi ode ma longi cauda '
Brittle star
Ophiothrix suensoni Puerto Rico
D 0.1+6
w 2U.17
Stevenson et
al. (1966)
Brittle star
ODhiura texturata
Mediterranean whole
Paracentrotus lividus Greece
whole
D 0.8
D k.8
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
Papadopoulou
et al. (1976)
Sea urchin
Parechinus sp.
S. Africa
W <0.1
Van As et
al. (1975)
Starfish
Pisaster ocnraceus
Pacific coast
United States
Alexander &
D (3.5-12.3) Rowland
(1966)
Sea cucumber
Stichcpus regalis
Mediterranean without
viscera D 1.1
Fukai &
Broque t
(1965)
Sea cucumber
Stichopus tremulus
Sweden
D 0.9
Noddack &
Noddack
(19^0)
Sea urchin
Tripneustes esculenta Puerto Rico testis
w 19.9
Stevenson et
al. (1966)
403
-------
CHROMIUM IN LOWER ANIMALS
(1)
Species
(2)
Locality
Analysis
Tissue PPM
Authority
PORIFERA
Sponge
Halichondra sp.
Sweden
D 0.2
Noddack &
Noddack
(19^0)
COELENTERATA
Coral
Anomacora fecunda
Sea anemone
Anthopleura
xanthigrammica
W. Atlantic
Ocean
Oregon
Coral
Bathycyathus maculatus W. Atlantic
Ocean
Coral
Caryophyllia clavus
Coral
Caryophyllia communis
(1)
(2)
D 2.0
Livingston
& Thompson
(1971)
W (0.0-27.0) Seymour &
pCi/g Cr^ Lewis (196U)
D U.O
D <2.0
D 3.0
Livingston &
Thompson
(1971)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable,
1 indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the aiean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard error
(SE), median and geometric mean are indicated as reported. pCi/g -
picocuries per gram.
404
-------
Cerianthus sp.
California
D 2.U
Emerson et
al. (1976)
Coral
Cladocera patriarca
W. Atlantic
Ocean
D 2.0
Livingston &
Thompson
(1971)
Jelly fish
Cynaea capillata
New England
A
0.6
Nicholls et
al. (1959)
II II
Sweden
D
1.3
Noddack &
Noddack
(19^0)
Jelly fish
New York Bight
D
-------
Coral
Phyllangia americana W. Atlantic
Ocean
Coral
Porites porites
Coral
Scolmia cubensis
Coral
Solenosmilia variabilis
Coral
Trochocyanthus sp»
D <2.0
D (2.0
D (2.0-5.0)
D (0.9^-<2.0)
D 1.5
Livingston
& Thompson
(1971)
CTEN0PH0RA
Comb jelly
Beroe cucumis
Comb jellyfish
ANNELIDA
New England
New York Bight
A 1.0
Nicholls et
al. (1959)
D (<3.5-8.8) Greig et
al. (1977a)
Polychaete worm
Aphrodite aculeata
Mediterranean whole
Polychaete worm
Cirrifonnia luxuriosa California
Palolo worm
Eunicia sp.
Polychaete worm
Hermione hystrix
Puerto Rico
Mediterranean whole
D 1U.7
D (U.8-75.3)
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
W (l6.9-20.9) Stevenson et
al. (1966)
D 8.1
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
51
trivalent Cr Chipman
not accumulated (1967)
hexavalent Cr^
is accumulated "
406
-------
Polychaete won
Hertnione hystrix
Mediterranean
Tubificid worm
Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Illinois
Earthworm
Lumbricus spp.
(and others)
Lumbrineris sp.
Polychaete worm
Nephthys sp.
Polychaete worm
Notomastus tenuis
Polychaete worm
Sjgambra tentacula
Tubificid worm
Tubifex tubifex
Tennessee
California
Illinois
W l.U
W (U.0-21.0)
10.0
D 5.0
D 10.2
A 600.0
D 33.0
D (9.3-21.6)
W (U.0-21.0) Mathis &
10.0 Cummings
(1973)
Chipman
(1967)
Mathis &
Cummings
(1973)
NRCC (1976)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
Webb (1937)
Emerson et
al. (1976)
TUNICATA
Tunicate
Ciona intestinalis
California
Greece
Cr51 in tests but not
in soft parts
tunic
internal
organs
whole
tunic
D 7.0
D 13.3
W 0.21+
D 5.5
W 0.075
D 1.9
Towns ley
(1962)
Emerson et
al. (1975)
Papadopoulou
& Kanias
(1977)
407
-------
Tunicate
Ciona intestinalis
I! II
Tunicate
Microcosmus sulcatus
11 ii
Tunicate
Salpa fusiforrnis
CHAETOGNATHA
Arrow worm
Sagitta elegans
II If
Arrow worm
Sagitta sp.
Greece rest of Papadopoulou
body W 0.25 & Kanias
(1977)
D 6.1
whole W 1.10
D 6.6
New England A <1.0 Nicholls et
al. (1959)
New England A 1.0 Nicholls et
al. (1959)
W 0.02
S. Africa
(with copepods) W (0.0-3.6) Van As et
al. (1975)
408
-------
Species
(1)
CHROMIUM IN HIGHER PLANTS
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
(2)
Authority
Norway maple
Acer platanoides
Red maple
Acer rubrum
11 II
IT tt
It II
Silver maple
Acer saccharinum
Sugar maple
Acer saccharum
(1)
(2)
Connecticut leaf
twig
United
States
green
leaf
red
leaf
leaf
Connecticut
D (1.2-6.2) Smith
2,8-SE 0.2 (1973)
D (1.1-2.3)
1.6±SE 0.1
Schroeder
et al.
(1962)
D 0.11
A 1.8
D 0.20
A 3.2
D (0.27-0.38)
D 0.27
D (1.2-3.U) Smith
1.9-SE 0.3 (1973)
Hanna &
Grant (1962)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
1 indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. ± Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
409
-------
Suger maple
Acer saccharum Connecticut twig D (1.8-3.10
2.3-SE 0.2
" " New Hampshire branch D (0.3-H.0)
" " United States leaf D O.38
Bent grass
Agrostis stolonifera Scotland
on serpentine shoot A (35.0-82.0)
Scotland
chromite
tailings " A (25.O-65.O)
Onion
Allium cepa Great
Britain W (0.0U-0.83)
0.19
" " United States W (0.01-0.02)
Leek
Allium porrum Great Britain W (0.02-0.16)
0.08
D (0.28-1.0)
Onion
Allium schoenoprasum Finland A (l.O-lO.O)
Alder
Alnus incana
Aloe
Aloe spp.
A (1.0-30.0)
A 17.0
Amaranth
Amaranthus spp.
Pineapple
Ananas comosus
A 38.O
w (0.02-0.09)
0.0b
Smith
(1973)
M
Hanna &
Grant (1962)
Shewry &
Peterson
(1976)
11
Thomas et
al. (197*0
Schroeder
et al.
(1962)
Thomas et
al. (197*0
Le Riche
(1968)
Lounamaa
(1956)
Baumslag &
Keen (1972)
M
Thomas et
al. (197*0
410
-------
Anisotome aromatica New Zealand
on serpentine
Celery
Apium graveolens
dulce
Common thrift
Armeria maritima
Great Britain
Scotland
on serpentine shoot
A 115.0
Lyon et al.
(1970)
W (0.08-0.12) Thomas et
0.11 al. (197U)
Shewry &
A (lUO.O-253.0) Peterson
(1976)
non-
serpentine "
on chromite
tailings ¥
Big sagebrush
Artemisia tridentata tridentata
Idaho
downwind from
phosphate
plant
" upwind
" downwind 3 km
" upwind 3 km
Breadfruit
Artocarpus altilis
Panama
fruit
Asparagus
Asparasus officinalis Great Britain frozen
Wallrue spleenwort
Asplenium rutamuraria Austria
on serpentine frond
Forked spleenwort
Asplenium septentrionale
Finland
A lk.0
A 23.0
Gough &
Severson
(1976)
D (30.0-500.0)
D (15.0-200.0)
D (270.0-UoO.O)
D (77.0-117.0)
D 2.0
W 0.01
canned W (0.01-0.18)
A 66.0
Swing et
al. (1969)
Thomas et
al. (197*0
Shewry &
Peterson
(1976)
Lounamaa
A (1.0-1000.0) (1956)
411
-------
Maidenhair spleerraort
AsoieniuiTi trichoaianes Finland
Saltbush
Atriplex confertifolia Nevada
Oats
Avena sativa
M It
Beet
Beta vulgaris
T! If
tt If
White birch
Betula papyrifera
Birch
Betula verrucosa
leaf
stem
root
on serpentine leaf &
stem
Great Britain
Swiss chard
Beta vulgaris cicla Maryland
top
root
leaf &
stem
United States
United States leaf
Finland
Kale
Brassica oleracea acephala
Kentucky
A (1.0-100.0) Lounamaa
(1956)
Wallace &
Romney
(1972)
D O.k
D (0.1
D 0.1
Pratt
D (3.0-11.0) (1966)
United States oatmeal W 0.06
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
root W (O.01-0.03)
W (0.01+-0.12) Thomas et
0.08 al. (197U)
D (0.8-1.2) LeRiche
(1968)
D (0.3-1.1)
D (l.O-l.l)
W 0.06
D 0.19
A 3.2
Furr et al.
(1976)
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
A (l.0-60.0) Lounamaa
(1956)
Nadkarni &
D 0.33-0.06 Ehmann
(1970)
412
-------
Cauliflower
Brassica oleracea botrytis
United States flower
Cabbage
Brassica oleracea caDitata
leaf
Great Britain
Brussels sprouts
Brassica oleracea gemmifera
Kohlrabi
Brassica oleracea gongylodes
fresh
frozen
United States
Broccoli
Brassica oleracea italica
Turnip
Brassica raDa
Great Britain
United States leaf
Northern reed grass
Calamasrostis canadensis
Scotch heather
Calluna vulgaris
Canada
Finland
leaf
Scotland
on serpentine shoot
on chromite
tailings
Tea
Camellia sinensis
Pepper
CaDsicu'm anr.uum
leaf
United States fruit
W 0.02
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
W (0.01-0.06)
Thomas et al.
W (0.05-0.29)0.15 (197*0
w (o.oi-o.6U)o.iU "
w (0.08-0.25)0.16
w 0.0
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
W (0.06-0.33) Thomas et
0.19 al. (197U)
W (0.OU-O.O6) Schroeder et
al. (1962)
0'Toole et
D (0.59-21.9) al. (1971)
A (1.0-100.0) Lounamaa
(1956)
Shewry &
A (252.0-1+17.0) Peterson
(1976)
A 190.0
0.177-SD 0.022 Shah et
al. (1971)
W 0.19
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
413
-------
Bush red pepper
Capsicum frutescens
United States fruit
D 1.28
W 0.01
Toepfer et
al. (1973)
Schroeder
et al. (1962)
Sedge
Carex pendula
Hickory
Carva spp.
Cassinia banksii
Cassinia cunninghami
Tennessee
New Zealand leaf
on serpentine
Cassinia vauvilliersii
Cassinia vauvilliersii
var. serpentina
non-serpentine
Cerastium
Cerastium holosteoides Scotland shoot
on serpentine
D 0.12
A 52.0
Horowitz et
al. (197*0
D (0.2-0.U) Van Hook et
al. (19714-)
Lyon et al.
(1970)
A (52.0-60.0)
A (815.0-1,300.0) " (1971)
A (13.0- 30.0)
A (13.0-U,600.0]
A 173.0
She-wry &
Peterson
(1976)
on chromite
tailings
A 1+5.0
Cerastium
Cerastium nigrescens Scotland
Grapefruit
Citrus paradisi
on serpentine
Lip fern
Cheilanthes marantae Austria
on serpentine
Great Britain
A ll+l.O
A 1+6.0
W (0.01-0.07) Thomas et
0.01+ al. (197*0
Orange
Citrus 'sinensis
fruit W (<0.01-0.05)
0.02
414
-------
Orange
Citrus sinensis
Coconut
Cocos nucifera
Panama
fruit
leaf
fruit
Coffee
Coffea arabica bean
Coprosma parviflora New Zealand
on serpentine
Cucumber
Cucumis sativus
Great Britain
United States fruit
Summer squash
Cucurbita sp.
Brittle bladder fern
Cystopteris fragi-lis
Finland
Dacrydium biforme New Zealand
on serpentine
Orchard grass
Dactylis glomerata United States shoot
flower
leaf
sheath
stem
Daphne
Daohne mezereum
D 0.31
Toepfer et
al. (1973)
D (C.2-10.0) Pratt (1966)
D 0.15
<0.0U0
Ewing et al.
(1969)
Shah et al.
(1971)
Lyon et al.
A (UU.0-7^0.0) (1970)
W (0.15-0.2) Thomas et
0.17 al. (197U)
W (0.01-0.03) Schroeder et
al. (1962)
W 0.02
A (3.0-300.0) Lounamaa
(1956)
Lyon et al
A (36.O-UU.Oj (1970)
Finland
D 1.30
A 22.5
D 0.5
D 1.5
D 0>
D 0.1
A (3.0-100.0)
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
Davey &
Mitchell
(1968)
Lounamaa
(1956)
415
-------
Carrot
Daucus carota
Great Britain
United States root
top
root
Wavy hair grass
Deschampsia caespitosa Finland
Finland pink
Dianthus superbus "
Dicoma niccolifera Rhodesia
Draccphyllum filifolium
var. collinum New Zealand
on serpentine
Dracophyllum pronua
Dracophyllum uniflorum
Canada waterweed
Elodea canadensis
11 11
tt 11
Crowberry
Empetrum nigrum
Finland
Encephalartos lehmanii
Mormon tea
Ephedra gerardiana
Horwetail
Equisetum giganteum
3eech
Fagus grandifolia
United States leaf
W (<0.01-0.13) Thomas et
0.08 al. (197*0
W (o.0-0.03) Schroeder et
al. (1962)
(0.UU-0.9^) LeRiche
(1968)
(0.03-0.09)
A (3.0-100.0) Lounamaa
(1956)
A (3.0-100.0)
A 30,000 Wild (l97Ub)
A 300.0
A U,l+00.0
A 2,900.0
D 0.U3
Lyon et al.
(1970)
Horowitz et
al. (197*0
A (3.O-6CO.O) Lounamaa
(1956)
D (0.05-0.53) Horowitz
et al.
(197*0
D (O.U5-0.56)
D 0.^5
D 0.26
Hanna &
Grant
(1962)
416
-------
Beech
Fagus grandifolia
Fescue grass
Festuca ovina
United States leaf
Finland
Scotland
on serpentine shoot
Red fescue
Festuca rubra
on chromite
tailings
Scotland
on serpentine
Fescue grass
Festuca vivioara
Strawberry
Fragaria vesca
Gentian
Gentiana corynbifera New Zealand
on serpentine
Ginkgo
Ginkgo biloba
Hebe odora
tt tf
Barley
Hordeum vulgare
New Zealand
on serpentine
" not serpentine
Washington grain
leaf
Hybanthus floribundus Australia
Hymenanthera alpina New Zealand
on seroentine
D 0.29
A 5.6
Schrceder et
al. (1962)
A (3.0-IOO.O) Lounamaa
(1956)
A 132.0
A (63.0-93.0)
A (35.0-1*9.0)
A 32.0
D 0.3!+
Shewry &
Peterson
(1976)
Toepfer et
al. (1973)
Lyon et al.
A (1+00.0-5,^00.0) (1970)
D 0.20
Horowitz et
al. (197^)
Lyon et al.
A (13.0-8,500.0) (1970)
A (l8.0-<30.0) " (1971)
D (0.016-0.030) Haller et
al. (1969)
D 7.6
Pratt (1966}
D (C.04-12.0) Cole (1973)
Lyon et al.
A (70.0-6,000.0) (1970)
417
-------
Holly
Ilex opaca
Sweet potato
Ipomoea batatas
Joniper
Juniperus communis
United States leaf
Panama
tuber
Rush
Juncus articulatus Scotland
on serpentine shoot
Finland
D (0.06-0.37) Hanna &
Grant (1962)
D (0.1-0.2) Ewing et al.
(1969)
A 77.0
United States berry- D 0.U9
A lli. 5
Shewry &
Peterson
(1976)
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
D (0.37-0.6U) Horowitz et
al. (197*0
A (1.0-30.0) Lounamaa
(1956)
Eastern red cedar
Juniperus Virginians Missouri
twig & Connor et
needle D (3.O-U.3) al. (1970)
Mountain laurel
Kalmia latifolia
United States leaf
D (0.08-0.62) Hanna &
Grant (1962)
Lettuce
Lactuca sativa
Great Britain
United States leaf
W (0.12-0.21) Thomas et al.
0.17
W 0.07
head W (b.02-0.13)
(197^)
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
Fern
Lastrea pnegopteris
Finland
A (3.0-300.0) Lounamaa
(1956)
Lentin
Lens culinaris
United States seed
D 0.09
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
418
-------
Leptospermum scopariu-m
New Zealand
on serpentine
A
(210-9,000.0)
Lyon et
al.
(1970)
ft tt
" not on
serpentine
A
((30.0-220.0)
" (1971)
Tulip poplar
Liriodendron tulipifera Tennessee
D
(0.1-0.2)
Van Hook et
al. (197^)
ft tt
D
0.37
Horowitz et
al. (197*0
Honeysuckle
Lonicera xylosteum
Finland
A
(1.0-10.0)
Lounamaa
(1956)
Tomato
Lycopersicon esculentum Great Britain
W
(0.16-0.37)
0.2U
Thomas et
al. (197M
M TT
United States
fruit
W
0.01
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
Lycopodium
Lycopodium australianum
New Zealand
on serpentine
A
7,700.0
Lyon et al.
(1970)
Lycopodium
Lycopodium circinatum
D
(0.33-0.59)
Horowitz et
al. (197^)
Apple
Malus malus
Great Britain
skin
W
(0.07-0.13)
0.1
Thomas et
al. (197U)
It If
ft Tt
fruit
W
(0.06-0.16)0.11
t) TT
United States
TT
D
0.13
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
IT ft
If Tf
TT
W
0.02
tf
n »
tt Tt
II
A
5.9
It
It TT
ft If
leaf
D
0.33
If
TT ft
Tt tt
TT
A
3.2
ft
ft TT
ft If
skin
D
l.ij-8
Toepfer
419
-------
Apple
Malus malus
fruit
Cassava
Manihot utilitissima
Alfalfa
Medicago sativa
Mint
Mentha spicata
Metrosideros umbellata
Molinia coerulea
Plantian
Musa paradisiaca
Banana
Musa sapientum
Washington
Panama
tuber
United States shoot
?T 1!
New Zealand
on serpentine
Finland
Panama
fruit
Forget-me-not
Myosotis monroi
Myrsine divaricata
Tobacco
Nicotiana tabacum
Panama
New Zealand
on serpentine
Kentucky
burley,
leaf
D 0.09
Toepfer
(1973)
D 0.037-0.001 Haller et
al. (1969)
D (0.15-1.5) Ewing et al.
(1969)
D 0.09
A l.o
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
Foster (1963)
W (0.0-2.0)pCi/g
A 20.0
Lyon et al.
(1970)
A (3.O-6O.O) Lounamaa
(1956)
D (0.1-1.2) Ewing et al.
(1969)
D 0.38
Toepfer et
al. (1973)
D (0.1-0.5) Ewing et
al. (1969)
Lyon et al.
A (1*60.0-3,500.0) (1970)
A (52.0-850.0)
D 2.5
Nadkarni &
Ehmann (1970)
cigarette,
leaf D (0.25-6.3)
pipe, leaf D 2.8
cigar, leaf D (3.1-6.2)
420
-------
Beech
Nothofagus soLandri New Zealand
var. cliffortioides on serpentine
Notothlaspi australe " "
Lyon et
A (36.O-UU.O) al. (1970)
A (200.0-1,300.0)
Fern
Oohioglossum pendunculosum
D 0.1+5
Horowitz et
al. (197U)
Rice
Oryza sativa
Japan
gram
w 0.0U
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
Washington
w 0.05
D (0.027-0.035) Ha Her et
al. (1969)
Panama
D 0.6
Ewing et al.
(1969)
Parsnip
Pastinica sativa
United States root
leaf
W 0.13
w (0.08-0.19)
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
Avocado
Persea americana
Panama
fruit
D 0.003
Ewing et al.
(1969)
Lima bean
Phaseolus limensis
Washington bean
D 0.027-0.010 Haller et al.
(1969)
Bush bean
Phaseolus vulgaris
United States
W (0.05-0.08) Schroeder et
al. (1962)
Panama
California root
D 0.05
D 1.6
Ewing et al.
(1969)
Wallace &
Romney (1977)
stem
leaf
D 0.3
D 0.6
421
-------
Phormium colensoi
Phyilocladus alpinus
New Zealand
on serpentine
It If
Water plant
Phyllospadix iwatensis Sea of Japan
Norway spruce
Picea abies
tl If
If II
Red spruce
Picea rubra
ti ri
Heath
Pieris .japonica
Pimelia suteri
Short leaf pine
Pinus echinata
Ponderosa pine
Pinus oonderosa
Scotch pine
Pinus silvestris
Eastern white pine
Pinus strobus
Connecticut leaf
twig
Finland
United States leaf
II II IT
it tt tr
New Zealand
on serpentine
Tennessee
Idaho
Finland
wood
United States leaf
II II
n ri
A 700.0
A (13.0-52.0)
D 8.8
Lyon et al.
(1970)
Saenko et
al. (1976)
D (2.3-3.^) Smith (1973)
2.6±SD 0.1+
D (U.6-5-7)
M-sd O.U
A (l.0-100.0) Lounamaa
(1956)
D 0.2h
A 6.9
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
D (0.01-0.60) Hanna &
Grant (1962)
Lyon et al.
A 3,200.0 (1970)
D (0.1-0.3) Van Hook et
al. (197U)
D (0.02-0.9) Sneppard &
Funk (1975)
A (1.0-60.0) Lounamaa
(1956)
D 0.1+9
A 15.8
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
. , . Hanna &
D (0.25-2.U) Grant (1962)
422
-------
Pea
Pisum sativum
Plantain
Plantago maritima
Great Britain
Washington seed
Scotland
on serpentine
W (0.12-1.13) Thomas et
0.38 al. (197*0
D 0.03^0.011 Haller et
al. (1969)
A 91.0
Shewry &
Peterson
(1976)
it n "...
on chromite
tailings
n it 11 , .
non-serpentine
Sycamore, American plane tree
Platanus occidentalis United States leaf
Podocarpus
Podocarpus totara New- Zealand
on serpentine
Polygon a turn odoratum Finland
Polypody fern
Polypodium vulgare "
European aspen
Populus tremula "
Quaking aspen
Populus tremuloides United States leaf
A (16.0-56.0)
A 5.0
D 0.23
A 80.0
Hanna &
Grant (1962)
Lyon et al.
(1970:
A (1.0-60.0) Lounamaa
(1956)
A (1.0-300.0)
A 3.0
D 0.25
A U.O
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
Eel grass
Posidonia oceanica
Self heal
Prune 1-1 a vulgaris
Mediterranean
Scotland
on serpentine
D (I.3-I.9) Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
A 82.0
Shewry &
Peterson
(1976)
423
-------
Apricot
Prunus armeniaca
Garden plum
Prunus domestica
canned
Great Britain "
" " x. t-
fresh
United States fruit
Peach
grunus persica
Wild cherry
Prunus serotina
Fern
Psilotum triquetrum
Pulmonaria saccharata
Mountain ash
Pyrus americana
Pear
Pyrus communis
II f?
if rt
!! ?T
ft t!
t! It
fruit
leaf
If IT
United States leaf
Great Britain skin
it rt
fruit
United States "
whole
fruit
pericarp
peel
Thomas et
W (0.02-0.08)0.OU al. (197^)
W (<0.01-2.6U)
W (<0.01-0.01)
W 0.01
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
W (0.03-0.06) Thomas et
0.05 al. (197*+)
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
W 0.01
D 0.57
A 7.9
D (0.27-0.97) Horowitz et
al. (197U)
D 0.U3
D 0.70
A 7.7
w (0.2-0.5)
0.3
w (0.7-0.32)
0.18
W 0.01
D 0.03
D 0.50
D 0.85
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
Thomas et
al. (197*0
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
Pratt
(i960)
424
-------
Pear
Pyrus communis
Pin oak
Quercus palustris
Chestnut oak
Quercus prinus
Red oak
Quercus rubra
Garden radish
Raphanus sativus
Rhubarb
Rheum rhaponticum
Washington fruit
United States leaf
twig
leaf
Tennessee
United States leaf
it ti
ii ii
it it
acron
root
stem
Great Britain
Rhododendron
Rhododendron roseum United States leaf
European black currant
Ribes nigrum Great Britain
Water cress
Rorippa nasturtium-
aauaticum
Wild rose
Rosa acicularis
Haller et
al. (1969)
Smith (1973)
Hanna &
Grant (1962)
Van Hook et
al. (197*0
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
D 0.029-0.001
D (2.3-12.5)
3.8-SD 0.8
D (1.2-5.7)
2.8iSD 0.i+
D (0.10-0.58)
D (C.05-0.3)
D 0.17
A 9.2
D 0.02
A 0.9
W 0.0
W 0.02
W (0.01-1.8U)
0.66
D (0.06-0.38)
w (0.02-0.08)
0.03
w (0.05-0.31)
0.16
N.W. Territories leaf & D (3.5-3.9) O'Toole et
fruit al. (1971)
Thomas et
al. (197b)
Hanna &
Grant (1962)
Thomas et
al. (197^)
425
-------
Rose
Rosa ma.ialis
Red raspberry
Rubus idaeus
Blackberry
Rubus sp.
Boysenberry
Rubus sp.
Blackberry
Rubus saxatilis
Sour grass
Rumex acetosella
Finland
United States fruit
Scotland
on serpentine shoot
Finland
on serpentine
Sugar cane
Saccharum officinarum Panama
Sasiina sp.
Water fern
Salvinia auriculata
Scotland
on serpentine
Saxifrage
Saxifraga granulata Finland
on serpentine
Rye
Secale cerealis
United States seed
whole
Ontario on
sludge-
amended soil
A 100.0
A (1.0-30.0)
W 0.0
w (0.0-0.9)
pCi/g
A 103.0
Lounamaa
(1956)
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
Foster
(1963)
Shewry &
Peterson
(1976)
Lounamaa
A (1.0-10.0) (1956)
D 0.7
D 0.02
Ewing et
al. (1969)
Toepfer et
al. (1973)
A (lll.0-3k^.0)Shewry &
Peterson
(1976)
D (l.O-U.U) Horowitz et
al. (197*0
Lounamaa
A (1.0-10.0) (1956)
W 0.05
W 0.0U
D (2.2-3.3)
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
Bates et
al. (1975)
426
-------
Seaum
Sedum teleohium
Finland
on serpentine
Selaginella
Selagineila willdencwii
Moss campion
Silene acaulis
Silene maritima
Silene otites
Silene vulgaris
Potato
Solanum tuberosum
European ash
Sorbus aucuparia
Spinach
Soinacia oleracea
Scotland
on serpentine
non-serpentine
" on serpentine
" on chromite
tailings
" non-serpentine
Austria
on serpentine
United States tuber
old
new
Great Britain
tuber
Finland
Great Britain
United States leaf
Lounamaa
A (l.0-1000.0) (1956)
D 0.1+3
A 1+1.0
A 16.0
A 7U.0
A 10.0
A 9.0
A 36.O
A 20.0
W 0.0
D 0.55
D 0.57
W (0.C6-0.U)
0.15
D 0.002
Horowitz et
al. (197*0
Shewry &
Peterson
(1976)
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
Toepfer et
al. (1973)
Thomas et
al. (197M
Pratt (1966)
A (l.0-30.0) Lounamaa
(1956)
W (0.12-0.28) Thomas et
0.2 al. (197*0
W (0.O-C.05) Schroeder et
al. (1962)
427
-------
Spinach
Spinacia oieracea
Chickweed
Stellaria roughii
Meadow succisa
Succisa pratensis
Sutera fodina
Yew
Taxus sp.
II II
New Zealand
on serpentine
Scotland shoot
on serpentine
Connecticut leaf
twig
Thalassia testudinurc Puerto Rico
Cocoa
Theobroina cacao
Thymus drucei
ft tl
IT M
Thymus serpyllur.
Panama
bean
Scotland
on serpentine shoot
on chromite
tailings
" non-serpentine "
Austria
on serpentine
Finland
Arborvitae
Thu.ia occidentalis United States leaf
If tt ft If II
11 II II I! , ,
bud
D 1.03
Toepfer et
al. (1973)
Lyon et al.
A (350.0-3,600.0) (1970)
A 59.0
Shewry &
Peterson
(1976)
A U8,000 Wild (l97^b)
D (2.3-5.7)
3.9ISE 0.3
D (2.3-16.3)
6.0ISE l.U
W 10.5
D 0.50
Smith (1973)
Stevenson et
al. (1966)
Ewing et al.
(1969)
Shewry &
A (108.0-152.0) Peterson
(1976)
A (22.0-87.0)
A 32.O
A 27.0
A (3.0-lOO.O) Lounamaa
(1956)
D 0.35
A 6.7
A 0.0
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
428
-------
Spanish moss
TiLlandsia usneoides United States whole
plant
White clover
Trifolium reDens
Wheat
Triticum aestivum
Eastern hemlock
Tsuga canadensis
shoot
flour
Tl If , j
seed
Arizona grain
!1 T!
leaf
grain
Connecticut leaf
twig
leaf
Cranberry
Vacciniur. macrocarpon
Blueberries
Vaccinium sp.
Vaccinium vitis-idaea Finland
Cowpea
Vicia cracca
jelly
A (7.0-1,500.0) Shacklette
geom. mean & Connor
57.0
D 0.3^
(1973)
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
D (0.17-0.38) Zook et al.
(1970)
D (0.003-0.0U3) Welch &
Cary (1975)
D 0.1
Cannon
(1969)
A 3.U
D (U.5-II4..8) Pratt (1966)
W 0.08 Schroeder et
al. (1962)
D (1.2-U.6) Smith
2.8-SE O.U (1973)
D "(1.2-U.6)
3.5-SE O.U
D (C.37-0.56) Hanna &
Grant
W 0.0
D 0.22
(1962)
Thomas et
al. (197*0
Toepfer et
al. (1973)
A (l.O-lOC.O) Lounamaa
(1956)
A (10.0-100.0)
429
-------
Viscaria vulgaris Finland
Grape
Vitis sp.
it it
Fern
Woodsia ilvensis
Corn
Zea mays
tl 11
11 It
11 It
II If
it tf
Eel grass
Zostera asiatica
Eel grass
Zostera sd.
'Black pepper'
If If
United States raisin
Finland
Panama
seed
United States kernel
It If ...
oil
cornmeal
Arizona
gram
Sea of
Japan
Mediterranean
A (1.O-3OO.O) Louna.naa
(1956)
D 0.075-0.011 Haller et al.
(1969)
W 0.02
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
A (3.0-30.0) Lounamaa
(1956)
D 0.25
W 0.02
W O.kl
Ewing et
al. (1969)
Schroeder
et al.
(1962)
D (0.06-0.13) Toepfer et
al. (1973)
D 0.1
A 3.1+
D U.3
D U.2
2.26
D 0.38
Cannon
(1970)
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Fukai &
Broque t
(1965)
Schroeder et
al. (1962)
Toepfer et
al. (1973)
430
-------
CKRCKTUK II'1 L0"':1
Soe2i;s
Locality
Tissue
(2}
'Vnalysi s
PPM "
_Authority
MOSSES
Hylocomium splendens
Hynnum cupressiforme
(0
(2)
Finland
S. Sweden £:
Norway
Sweden
N.E. Gotland
Skane
Sweden, museum
specimens,
(1870-1969)
" in region of
ferro alloy plant
ft - If
normal
A (10.0-IOO.O) Lounamaa
(1956)
D (U.0-6.0)
D (<1.0-1.5)
D (5.3-1^.0)
D k.5
D 7.9
D (1.0-15.0)
D 12,000.0
D 10.0
Ruhling &
Tyler
(1973)
" (1969)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g - picocuries per gram.
431
I
-------
Hypnum cupressiforme
Marchantia polymorpha
Polytrichum commune
Rhacomitrium lanuginosum Finland
Sphagnum acutifolium
Sphagnum angustifolium S. Finland
Great Slave
Lake, N.W.T.
Sphagnum balticum S. Finland
Sphagnum fuscum "
Finland
" " Great Slave
Lake, N.W.T.
" " Edmonton,
Alberta
Sphagnum magellanicum S. Finland
Tortella tortuosa Finland
Horowitz et
al. (197^)
D 8.0
D (l.O-lU.O)
D 2.5
A (lOO.0-300.0) Lounamaa
(1956)
Horowitz et
al. (197*0
Pakarinen &
Tolonen
(1976)
D 7.0
D 2.2
D 0.6
D 2.3
D 2.8
D (2.0-7.8)5.0
D 0.5
D 2.h
D 3.0
A (10.0-300.0) Lounamaa
(1956)
LICHENS
Cladina alpestris
Gladonia retipora
Lecanora rufcina
Finland
Colorado
Parmelia centrifuga Finland
A (10.0-1,000.0)
D U.6
A 30.0
Horowitz et
al. (197*0
Leroy &
Koksoy
(1962)
A (10.0-300.0) Lounamaa
(1956)
432
-------
Parmelia centrifuga
Parmelia conspersa
Parmelia saxatilis
Peltigera canina
Peltigera rufescens
It ft
If tt
11 tf
Tt tt
!1 It
tt tt
Stereocaulon paschale
Umbilicaria hyperborea Colorado
Xanthoria elegans A
FUNGI
Alcuria aurantia D
Aspergillus nicrocysticus D
Bulgaria inquinans D
Clavulina cinerea D
Elaphomyces granulatus D
Hypoxylon fragiforme D
Finland
on serpentine
Colorado
A
A
Finland
Great Britain
Distance from
steel smelter 0 m
100 m
270 m
i+UO u
610 m
780 m
910 31
Finland
Lounamaa
600.0 (1956)
(50.0-150.0) Leroy &
Koksoy
(1962)
(200.0- Lounamaa
10,000.0) (1956)
(6.0-30.0)
Seaward
(1973)
127.b
6k. 26
61.37
32.76
U1.9
2^.8i+
25.81
(10.0-30.0) Lounamaa
(1956)
(l00.0-150.0)Leroy &
Koksoy
(1962)
Horowitz et
al. (197U)
150.0
2.7
27.0
1.1
1.1
0.^3
0.65
433
-------
Lycoperdon pyriforne D 3.0 Horowitz et
al. (197M
Scleroderma verucosa D 9.0
Stereua -hirsutua D 3• 3
"Mushroom" W 0.0U Toepfer et
al. (1973)
D 1.27
434
-------
(1)
CHROMIUM IN ALGAE
(2)
Species
Locality
Tissue
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Brown alga
Agarum cribosum
Sea of Japan
Red alga
Ahnfeltia plicata
Amphiroa fragilissima Puerto Rico
Anacystis nidulas
Aphanizomenon flos-aquae
Knotted wrack
Ascophyllum nodosum Scotland
Norway
Great Britain
(1)
(2)
D (l2.05-lU.19) Gryzhankova
et al. (1973)
D 11.8
D 2.9
w 12.9
D 1.2
D 9.0
D (0.7-1.9)
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Horowitz et
al. (197*0
Stevenson
et al.
(1966)
Horowitz et
al. (197*0
Black &
Mitchell
(1952)
W 0.U7
D (1.0-13.0) Lande (1977)
D (2.2-2.8) Foster (1976)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
1 indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard error
(SE), median and geometric mean are indicated as reported. pCi/g ¦
picocuries per gram.
435
-------
Red alga
Bryothamnion triaueturn Puerto Rico
W U.71
Stevenson et
al. (1966)
Caulerpa prolifera
D 11.0
Horowitz et
al. (197*0
Red alga
Ceramium gardneri Oregon
W (J45.O-I9O.O) Seymour &
pCi/g Cr5i Lewis (196U)
Chara
Chara fragilis
D 0.82
Horowitz et
al. (197M
Red alga
Chondrus yendoi
Sea of Japan
D 9.0
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Brown alga
Chorda filum
n m
D (2.37-3.08) Gryzhankova
et al. (1973)
D 6.2
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Brown alga
Chordaria maggelanica
D 5.31-SD 0.6l Gryzhankova
et al. (1973)
Green alga
Cladophora fascicularis Puerto Rico
W 0.61
Stevenson et
al. (1966)
Brown alga
Coccophora langsdorfii Sea of Japan
D 2.29
Gryzhankova
et al. (1973)
Green alga
Codium eloneatum
Mediterranean
D 0.!+
Fukai &
Broque t
(1965)
Green alga
Codium isthomocladus Puerto Rico
w 8.13
Stevenson et
al. (1966)
Green alga
Codium sp.
Sea of Japan
D (U.70-5.70) Gryzhankova
et al. (1973)
436
-------
Green alga
Codium tomentosum
Green alga
Codium yessoensis
Red alga
Corallina virgata
Brown alga
Costaria costata
Israel
Bay of Japan
Israel
Bay of Japan
Cymopolia barbata Puerto Rico
Brown alga
Cystoseira fimbriata Mediterranean
Brown alga
Cystoseira myriophylloides
Green alga
Derbesia marina
Brown alga
Dictyopteris .justii
Oregon
Puerto Rico
Brown alga
Dictyosphaeria cavernosa
Brown alga
Dictyota dichoto'ga
Sea of Japan
D (2.6-2.7) Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
D 21.9
D 6.7
D 3-5
W 11.73
D 1.0
D- l.U
Seymour &
W 94.0pCi/g Cr51 Lewis^
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Roth &
Hornung
(1977)
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Stevenson et
al. (1966)
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
W 1.78
Stevenson et
al. (1966)
W (1.9-8.5)^.6 Lowmann et
al. (1965)
D (16.0-33.0)
25.5
W 10.33
Stevenson et
al. (i960)
D 1.87-SD 0.2k Gryzhankova
et al. (1973)
437
-------
Brown alga
Dict.yota divaricata
Kelp
Ecklonia maxima
Puerto Rico
S. Africa
Green alga
Enteromorpha linza Mediterranean
Green alga
Enteromorpha prolifera Bay of Japan
Green alga
Enteromorpha ralfsii France coast
Green alga
Enteromorpha sp.
Mediterranean
Sea of Japan
Green alga
Enteromorpha tubulosa Oregon
Red alga
Eudocladia muricata
w 0.U9
Stevenson et
al. (1966)
W 0.13-SD 0.15 Van As et
al. (1975)
D 1.6
D 23.U
D 0.9
D O.U
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
D (U.55-6.35) Gryzhankova
et al. (1973)
W 0.0 pCi/g
Cr?1
W 0.0 pCi/g
Cr51
Seymour &
Lewis (l96b)
Bladder wrack
Fucus ceranoides
Wrack
Fucus furcatus
Wrack
Fucus serratus
France coast
Oregon
Scotland
D 0.6
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
W (0.0-55.0) Seymour &
pCi/g Cr^ Lewis (196U)
D (0.7-2.6)
Black &
Mitchell
(1952)
W O.lU
438
-------
Wrack
Fucus spiralis Scotland D (0.9-3*7)
If IT
Bladder wrack
Fucus vesiculosus
M If
ff ff
ff ff
It
If
France coast
Great Britain
W 0.68
D (1.5-1.8)
W 0.35
D (0.6-1.0)
D (3.8—U.5)
Red alga
Gigartina rachula S. Africa W 0.23
Red alga
Gigartina spp. Oregon W (o.0-110.0)
pCi/g Cr51
Brown alga
Heterochordaria abietina
Bay of Japan D 8.7
Red alga
Jania rubens Mediterranean D U.l
Brown alga
Laminaria cichorioides Bay of Japan D 6.7
Brown alga
Laminaria cloustoni Scotland frond D (1.2-1.5)
D 0.9
Brown alga
Laminaria digitata " " D (O.U-l.l)
D (1.5-1.8)
Black &
Mitchell
(1952)
II
If
If
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
Foster
(1976)
Van As et
al. (1975)
SejTiour &
Lewis
(1969)
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Black &
Mitchell
(1952)
439
-------
Brown alga
Laaiinaria digitata
Scotland
stipe
frond
stipe
Brown alga
Laminaria .japonica Bay of Japan
Brown alga
Laminaria saccharina
Red alga
Lithophyllum incrustans Mediterranean
Brown alga
Macrocystis pyrifera
California
Green alga
Monostroma zostericola Oregon
Brown alga
Padina gymnospora
Puerto Rico
Channel wrack
Pelvetia canaliculata Scotland
Wrack
Pelvetia wriehtii
Sea of Japan
D (c.b-2.9) Black &
Mitchell
(1952)
w (0.15-0.31)
w (0.23-0.32)
D 2.9
D 6.0
D 12.1
D 0.1*2
w 9.31+
D (0.6-1.2)
W 0.28
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Horowitz et
al. (197*0
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
A (2.0-9.2) Boothe &
5.0-SD 3.5 Knauer
(1972)
Robertson
et al.
(1972)
W 0.0 pCi/g Seymour &
Cr^ Lewis
(196b)
Stevenson et
al. (1966)
Black &
Mitchell
(1952)
D 3.79-SD 0.3^+ Gryzhankova
et al. (1973)
440
-------
Wrack
Pelvetia wrightii Sea of Japan
D 6.5
Saenko et
aL. (1976)
Brown alga
Pelvetiopsis limitata Oregon
W 0.0 pCi/g Seymour &
Cr^ Lewis {l$6k)
Green alga
Penicillus caoitatus Puerto Rico
w 7.19
Stevenson et
al. (1966)
Red alga
Polysiphonia .laponica Sea of Japan
D 22. k
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Red. alga
Polysiphonia spp.
Oregon
W (0.O-6.9). Seymour &
pCi/g Cr^ Lewis (196U)
Laverweed
Porphyra capensis
S. Africa
W 0.U7-SD 0.30 Van As et
al. (1975)
Laverweed
Porphyra spp.
Oregon
W (O.O-36.0) Seymour &
pCi/g Cr^ Lewis
(196U)
Red alga
Prionitis spp.
w (0.0-100.p)
pCi/g Cr^1
Red alga
Pterochondria spp.
W 0.78 pCi/g
Cr51
Red alga
Ptilota filicina
Bay cf Japan
D 6.0
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Red alga
Rhodomela larix
Sea of Japan
D 15.7
Sargassum
Sargassum lengiderum Puerto Rico
W 2.19
Stevenson et
al. (1966)
Sargassum
Saraassum miyabei
Sea of Japan
D 1.73-SD 0.10 Gryzhankova
et al.
(1973)
441
-------
Sargassum
Sargassum pallidum
Sea of Japan leaf Gryzhankova
blade D 1.62-SD 0.05 et al. (1973)
Sargassum
Sargassum sp.
Red ribbons
Suhria vittata
Red alga
Tichocarpus crinitus
Green alga
Udotea flabellum
Sea lettuce
Ulva fenestrata
Sea lettuce
Ulva lactuca
swim +
bladder D 7.1U-SD 0.35
cauliform
part D U.61-SD O.36
D 3.9
Texas
S. Africa
Sea of Japan
Puerto Rico
Sea of Japan
Oregon
France coast
Saenko et
al. (1976)
D (1.2-2.6)1.6 Horowitz &
Presley
(1977)
W 0.87-SD 0.11 Van As et
al. (1975)
D 2.2liSD O.98 Gryzhankova
et al. (1973)
W (C.Ul-100.0) Lowman et
28.0 al. (1967)
D (0.5-110.0)
36.0
D 1.23±SD 0.15 Gryzhankova
et al. (1973)
D 3.5
Saenko et
al. (1976)
W (0.0-18.0) Seymour &
pCi/g Cr^J- Lewis (196U)
D l.U
Fukai &
Broquet
(1965)
Mediterranean
D 0.U
442
-------
Sea lettuce
Ulvaria splendens
Sea of Japan
D 1.1
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Sea lettuce
Ulva spp.
S. Africa
W C.^SD 0.38 Van As et
al. (1975)
443
-------
(1)
COBALT IN MAMMALS
Species
Locality
Analysis
Tissue PPM
Authority
Cow
Bos boyis
Co highest in liver, Comar &
heart, kidney and Davis
pancreas. (19V7)
Russia
liver
0.35
Skoropostiznaya
(1957)
It
It
<1
fat
0.0
u
11
M
United States
muscle
W
(0.08-0.91+)
Schroeaer et
al. (1967)
11
IT
tr
kidney
W
0.0U
ft
tt
It
11
liver
W
<0.16
II
tt
tt
tt
fat
W
CO.25
rr
IT
tt
tt
milk
W
(0.02-0.06)
ti
It
tr
tt
evaporated
milk W
0.32
ti
T!
tt
East Asia
milk
W
O.OOh
Leung (1973)
(1)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable,
1 indicates questionable data.
(2)
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
444
-------
Dog
Canis fa-ni liar is
Coyote
United States kidney W 0.26
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
Canis latrans
II
11
W
0.26
IT
IT tt
East Asia
milk
W
0.0
Leung (1973)
Guinea pig
Cavia porcellus
Maryland
(fed on swiss
chard grown on
sludge soil)
liver
D
(o.u-o.6)
Furr et al.
(1976)
ft ft
II ft
kidney
D
(0.2-C.3)
II
If II
II tt
mus cle
D
(0.2-0.3)
ft
II tt
ft ft
adrenal
D
(0.37-1.8)
It
It tt
n ft
spleen
D
(0.12-0.50)
IT
Horse
Eauus caballus
United States
red blood
cells
W
0.0U
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Porcupine
Erethizon dorsatura
It
heart
c. 13
tr
¦vhite-tai led -."leer
Odocoilus virginiensis
kidnev
oram
bneep
Cvus ari
It fl
w C.36
w (c.07-0.32)
W 0.37
lamb,
muscle W (0.01-0.27)
Co highest in liver,
he artj kidney, and
pancreas.
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
Keener et
al. (1951)
tt rt
East Asia
¦nuscle W C.002
Leung (1973)
445
-------
Harbor seal
Phoca vitulino
Racoon
Procvon lotor
Laboratory rat
Rattus rattus
Gray squirrel
Sciurus carolinensis
Pig
Sus scrofa
Great Britain blood
" spleen
" heart
" muscle
" kidney
" liver
United States kidney
" liver
" heart
lung
s pleen
" fat
W 0.02-0.01 Hamilton
(1976)
w <0.05
W <0.01
w 0.03-0.02
W 0.03^0.01
W 0.02-0.005
W (0.10-0.12) Schroeder et
al. (1967)
W (0.06-0.28)
w. (0.13-0.29)
W 0.16
w (0.09-0.26)
w (0.22-0.65)
red blood
ceils W (0.03-0.Ok)
liver V7 0.55
Co highest in liver,
heart, kidney and
Dancreas "
Braude et
al. (19^9)
United States nuscle
liver
fat
East Asia muscle
W (O.il-O.23) Schroeder et
21.(1-967)
W O.u-1
W C.OU
w 0.011 Leung (1973)
446
-------
Red fox
'/uioes vulgea United States liver V Q.36 Schroeder ei
, tt tt it r _ ^
Ba o W C. 76
" heart W <2.98
whole W 0.37
foot W <1.26
wing &
Leg W 1.^8
al. (1967)
447
-------
COBALT IN BIRDS
(1)
Soecies
Locality
Tissue
(2)
Analysis
PPM
Authority
Mallard
Anas olatyrhyncnos
Canada
feather
D
<0.05
KelsalL
(1970)
Black duck
Anas rubripes
11
ft
D
<0.05
Noddy tern
Anous stolidus
Eniwetok
not in
tissues
excreted Co
57,58,59
Lowman 0-963)
Lesser scoup duck
A.yth.ya affinis
Canada
feather
D
<0.05
Kelsall (1970)
White-fronted goose
Anser albifrons
ft
It
D
<0.05
tt
Ruffed grouse
Bonasa umoellus
United States liver
T.r
0.20
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
Swiflet
CoLlacalia inexDectata
East Asia
dried
nest
W
0.051
Leung (1973)
Fairy tern
C-yris alba
Eniwetok
not in
tissues
excreted
Co57,58,59
Lowman
(1963)
(1)
Blank spaces indicate information net available cr not applicable.
? indicates questionable .data.
(2)
W3 D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. -Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
448
-------
Chicken
Gallus domesticus egg Skoropostizhnaya
white 0.03*+ (i957)
ft If
0CTCT
yolk O.06S "
" " United States " W 0.12 Schroeder et
al. (1967)
M I! II
PCTC
white W 0.06
whole W 0.10
peer
U !l M . T7 /-n »
wing W 0.29
" " " T T 7 r\ m "
leg W 0.21
" " East Asia whole W 0.102 Leung (1973)
yolk W 0.225
white W C.OCli
chick W 0.08U
449
-------
(1)
COBALT IN MARINE FISH
(2)
Species
Locality
Analysis
Tissue PPM
Authority
Sablefish, black cod
Anoploooma fimbria
Oregon
White croaker
Argyrosomus argentatus Japan
Silverfish
Argyrozona argyrozona S. Africa
Atractoscicn aequidens "
Ghost shark
Callorhincus callorhincus Chile
liver
muscle
skin
muscle
viscera
bone
mus cle
W (O.0-0.37) Seymour &
pCi/g Co&C Lewis (196^)
(0.0-0.09)
pCi/g Co"0
W (0.020-0.0i+8) Ichika-wa &
Ohno (197^)
W (0.0025-0.0085)
w (0.02^-0.032)
w (0.0087-0.037)
:Kin
w 0.0026
W O.OCUl
W 0.028
Van As et
al. (1975)
Ichikawa
& Ohno
(197^)
(1)
(2)
muscle V 0.0015
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable,
? indicates questionable data.
V/, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
450
-------
Porgy
Chrysophrys .Tia.i or
Pacific saury
Cololabis saira
Dolphin
Corghaena hippura
Wrasse
Ctenolabrus ruDestris
Yellow porgy
Dentex tnaerocanus
Surf perch
Ditrema teimncxi
3ig-eye sardine
EtruT.eus -aicroous
Atlantic cod
Gadus norhua
Jaoan
Epst ksii
Jaoan
Sweder
South
America
Japan
skin W 0.033
¦nuscle 0.0053
oone
adult
Ichibav/a &
Ohno (1gyh)
W 0.125 Leung (197:
skin W 0.020
liver W 0.0003
less
viscera D 3.8
Ichikawa &
Ohno (197^)
Noddack &
Noddack
(19^0)
muscle Vf 0.003*+
viscera W C.C-59
•p.uscle W 0.0 IS
viscera W 0.107
tiuscle W (0.013-0.011+)
Ichikava &
Ohno (l97k)
V: 0.012
A 2.7
Malyuga
(19^6)
D O.33
w 0.065
immature A 2.3
D O.hz
w 0.076
451
-------
Tiger shark
Galeocerdo cuvieri
v;an
Sex sole
Giyptoceohslus zachirus Oregon
Shad
Harengula zunasi Japan
Kabeljon
Johnius hololeoidotus S. Africa
Seabass
Lateolabr&x .janonicus East Asia
Flounder
Lj-nanda hgrzensteini Japan
Lithognathus lit'nosnathus
S. Africa
Angler
Lophius piscatorius
Blue merlin
Makaira nigricans
liver W C.O ^ Folsom &
pCi/kg CooU Young (1365)
muscle W (0.0-0.1^) Seymour &
pCi/a; Co Lewis (196^)
oone
skin
Puerto Rico liver
W 0.011
W 0.057
Ichikawa &
Ohno (197U)
muscle W 0.0022 Van As et
±SD 0.0001+ al. (1975)
W O.O^b
Leung (1973)
W (0.012-0.089) Ichikawa &
Ohno (197^)
muscle W (0.0027-0.011)
w 0.0031
w 0.0062
W 0.5 dpm/g
Co57
W O.J. dpT:/g
CooC
Van As et
al. (1975)
Lovnan et
al. (1966)
Haddock
Melanogrammus aeslefinus
(=Gadus aeglefinus)
Silver hake
Merluccius bilinearis
A U. 2
D 0.53
w 0.01
A 10.0
D l.L
W 0.28
Malyuga
(19^6)
Vinogradov
(1953)
452
-------
Hake, stockfish
Merluccius caoensis
S. Africa muscle W 0.0037 Var. As et
iSD 0.0011 al. (1975)
Hake
Merluccius s;ayi
South America
W 0.0026
Ishikawa &
Ohno (197^)
viscera W 0.035
Dover sole
Kicrostomus Dacificus Oregon
muscle
liver
W (0.0-0.09) Seymour &
pCi/g Co°^ Lewis (196U)
w (0.0-0.09)
pCi/g Co°0 "
Los Angeles
(sewer
outfalls)
w (0.037-0.061)
DeGoei.j et
al. (197^)
S. California
(control) muscle
Fowler et
W (0.1-0.5) al. (1975)
" (contan. area) " W (0.1-0.2)
Striped bass
Morone sa^atilis
Long Island
w 0.109
Zawacki So
Briggs
(1976)
D 1.31
Goatfish
Mulloidichtvs samoensis Guam
W 20 uuc/g Seymour
Co57 (1963)
W 2 wWg Co°^ "
File fish
Navcdon modestus
Japan
skin W (0.028-0.066) Ichikawa &
Ohno (197^)
muscle W (C.0027-0.OO36)
Atlantic thread herring
Ooisthonema oglinum Puerto Rico
A (15.0-50.0) Ting & Vega
31.0 (1969)
Smelt
Osmerus eoerlanus
A 10.0
Malyuga
(19^6)
Q l.k
W 1.1
453
-------
Hottentot
Pach.ynetooon arande
S. Africa
Calico bass, sand bass
Paralabrax clashratus California
Grunt
Parapristipo-na trilineatum
Japan
English sole
Paroohrys vetulus
Green cod
Pollachius virens
Oregon
Bluefish
Pomatonus saltatrix
Long Island
Flyingfish
Prognichthvs asoo
Japan
Pilchard
Sardinocs nelanostica East Asia
Sardine, pilchard
Sardinoos ocellata S. Africa
uuscle W 0.0020
dorsal
muscle
ventral
muscle
D (l.k-2.2)
D (1.2-U.3)
gonad D (3.6—U. )
liver D (l.U-1.9)
integument D (lA-l.S)
heart D (1.2-1.7)
eyeball D (5.1-5.2)
skin W 0.06U
bone W O.Oi+O
A 2.h
D 0.1a
W 0.07
W 0.995
D 2.11
skin W 0.038
muscle W 0.0013
v 0.033
Van As et
al. (1975)
Stapleton
(1968)
Ichikawa &
Ohno (197^)
liver W 0.0 pCi/g Seymour &
Co^® Lewis (196^)
Mai vug a (l9^c)
Zawacki &
Briggs (1976)
Ichikawa &
Ohno (197'0
W 0.021 Leung (1973)
van ns
11. (1975)
454
-------
False whiting
Sciaena deliciosa
Pacific ocean perch
Sebastes alutus
X=Sebastodes alutus)
Stingfish
Sebastes inernis
Rock fish
Se'oastes spo.
Yellowtail
Seriola canoei
Peru
Mackerel
Scomber .iaponicus
Chub mackerel
Sccmber .japonicus
Scombrops dubius
Windowpane flounder
Scophthalmus aquosus Long Island
Japan
S. Africa
Oregon
Japan
Oregon
S. Africa
Yellowtail
Seriola auinaueradiata Japan
Sana smelt
Silla^o sihama
East Asia
Japan
muscle W 0.00^1
viscera
skin
Icnikawa &
Ohno (19711)
'¦1 G.28k
muscle W (0.0025-0.0099)
liver W (o.051-0.071)
muscle W 0.020
±SD 0.017
w 0.003U
W 0.321
D 3.25
muscle W (0.0-0.09) Seymour &
pCi/g Levis (196^)
Van As et
al. (1975)
Zawacki &
Briggs (1976)
W 0.0037
W 0.013
Ichikawa &
Ohno (197*0
liver W (0.O-O.37) Seymour &
pCi/g Co0® Lewis (196U)
muscle W 0.008 Van As et
±SD 0.001+9 al. (1975)
W 0.0055
viscera W 0.015
muscle W 0.022
Ichikawa &
Ohno (197'-)
Leung (1973)
viscera W (0.05^-0.202) ichikawa &
Ohno (197*0
muscle W (0.0022-0.00*;2)
455
-------
Spiny dog shark
Saualus acanthius
Sweden
File fish
Stephanoleois cirr'nifer Japan
less
viscera D 0.1
muscle W 0.00H
viscera
W 0o02^i
NoddacK &
Noddack
(19^0)
Ichikawa &
Ohno (l97!0
Sole
Synaptura marginata
Albacore
Thur.nus alalunsa
S. Africa
muscle W 0.0031
-O.OGOk
N. Pacific liver
S. Pacific
Van As et
al. (1975)
W l60.0±SE 20.0 Folsom &
pCi/kg Young (1965)
w 30.0-5.0 ,
pCi/kg Co^O "
Horse mackerel
Trachurus ,japonicus Japan
gall
bladder
A 3 0.0
skin W 0.131
Goldberg
(1962)
Ichikawa &
Ohno (197^)
Horse mackerel
Trachurus trachurus
East Asia
3. Africa
Tiuscle W 0.C097
w 0.0U2
w 0.0081
Leung (1973)
Van As et
al. (1975)
Sea robin
Trislia capensis
W 0.011
Swordfish
Xjohias gladius
Xingklip
XiDhiurus caoensis
"Cod"
East Asia
S. Africa
United States
w 0.009
W 1.21
Leung (1973)
W 0.0032 Van As et
±SD 0.0013 al. (1975)
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
' T /-1 _ , 11
oxe it
w 7.21
456
-------
(1)
COBALT IN FRESHWATER FISH
(2)
Species
Locality
Analysis
Tissue PPM
Authority
Sturgeon
Acioenser so.
Bleak
Alburnus alborella
New York
A lev/if e
Alosa pseudoharengus
River carpsucker
Carpiodes cyprinus
White sucker
Catastomus commersoni
Italy
muscle,
bone &
skin
muscle
bone
scale
Tong et
al. (1972)
W 0.13
A 1.2-SE 0.23 Merlini et
al. (1971)
A 0.07-SE 0.01
A 0.0
Lake Michigan whole W 0.029-0.01^ Lucas et
al. (1970)
Illinois
New York
-nuscle W (0.0U-0.12) Mathis &
•nuscle,
bone &
skin
0.0S7
W 0.3^
Cummings
(1973)
Tong et
al. (1972)
Lake herring
Coregonus artedii
Lake Superior liver W 0.020
Lucas et al.
(1970)
(1)
(2)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable,
1 indicates Questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
457
-------
Lake v/hitefish
Coregonus cluoeaformis Lake Superior
" " Lake Michigan
Bloater
Coregonus hoyi
Lake Superior
Lake Michigan
liver W 0.010
w 0.036^
0.005
Lucas et al.
(1970)
W 0.012-0.001
W 0.0U0±0.006
Whitef ish
Coregonus macroDhthalmus
Carp
Cyprinus carpio
Gizzard shad
Dorosoma cepedianum
Northern pike
Esox lucius
Italy
Austria
New York
Illinois
New York
Merlini et
muscle A 0.6^SE 0.13 al. (I97l)
bone A O.lUtSE 0.0U
scale A 0.2U±SE 0.09
kidney D 0.032
liver D 0.076
muscle D O.OOU
Rehvolt et
al. (1976)
Done
I!
muscle &
skin
D 0.067
w 0.03
Tong et al.
(1972)
muscle W (0.03-0.10) Mathis &
0.068 Cumnings
(1973)
W (0.10-0.25)
0.l6
w (0.03-0.11)
0.07
muscle,
bone &
skin
w (0.16-^.7)
Muskellunge
5sox masauinongy
W (0.33-1.7) Tong et
al. (1972)
Chain pickerel
Esox niser
W (c.07-0.32)
458
-------
Bigm.ou.th 'buffalo
Ictiobius cyprinellus Illinois
muscle W (0.06-0.12) Mathis £c
0.08l Cummings
(1973)"
Shortnose gar
Lepisosteus platostomus
w (0.11-0.18)
0.15
Blue gill
Leootnis macrochirus
United States
W 3.72
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
Smallmouth bass
Micropterus dolomieui Illinois
muscle W (O.IU-O.16) Mathis &
0.15 Cummings
(1973)
New York
muscle,
bone &
skin
w (0.16-1.6)
Tong et
al. (1972)
Largemouth bass
Micropterus salmoides
Illinois
muscle W (0.06-0.18) Mathis &
0.09 Cummings
(1973)
New York
muscle,
bone &
skin
w (0.15-0.29)
Tong et
al. (1972)
White bass
Morone chrysops
(=Roccus chrysops)
Striped bass
Morone saxatilis
Lake Erie
New York
Shorthead redhorse
Moxostoma macrolepidotum
Illinois
Spottail shiner
Notroois hudsonius
Lake Erie
liver
muscle,
bone &
skin
muscle
whole
W 0.0U3-0.002 Lucas et
al. (1970)
w 0.13
Tong et
al. (1972)
W (0.05-0.11) Mathis &
O.O83 Cummings
(1973)
w 0.025-0.00^ Lucas et
al. (1970)
jake Michigan
W 0.0^2-0.015
459
-------
American smelt
Osmerus mordax
Lake Michigan liver
w I3.0±k.0 Lucas et
al. (1970)
Yellow perch
Perca fLavescens Lake Erie
Trout perch
Percopsis omiscomaycus Lake Michigan
Lake Superior
Black crappie
Pomoxis nigromaculatus New York
Round whitefish
Prosopium cylindraceun Lake Superior
Lake trout
Salve Linus namaycush "
" Lake Michigan
New York
Rudd
Scardinius erythroohthalmus
N. Italy
IT IT II
II II II
walleye
Stizostedion vitreum Lake Erie
New York
w 0.12-0.060
whole W 0.02^^0.002
W 0.022^0.005
muscle, Tong et
bone & al. (1972)
skin W 0o03
liver W 0.0^7-0.008 Lucas et
al. (L970)
w 0.031^0.003
" W 0.03o±0.00^ "
muscle, Tong et al.
bone & (1972)
skin W (0.06-O.U2)
muscle A Q.l+3iSE 0.09 Merlini et
al. (1971)
bone A C.OS^SE 0.01
scale A O.lStSE 0.03
Liver W 0.0^5-0.025 Lucas et
aL. (L970)
muscle, Tong et
bone & al."(1972)
skin W (o.09-^.7)
460
-------
(1)
COBALT IN iMOLLUSCS
Species
(2)
Locality
Analysis
Tissue PPM
Authority
Copepod
Acartia clausi
Greece
whole D (0.19-1.3) Zafiropoulos
& Grimanis
(1977)
Freshwater clam
Amblema Dlicata
Illinois
soft Mathis &
parts W (0.U-1.2)0.7 Cummings
(1973)
Arch shell
Anadara uranosa
Sea hare
Apiysia sp.
Bombay
W 0.11
liver D trace
Bhatu et
al. (1968)
Fox &
Ramage
(1531)
Gastropod
Archidoris tuberculata
Great Britain
Fteropod
Cavolinia quaaridentata Gulf of Aquaba whole
D (0.31-0.3^)
(0.06^-0.199) Turekion et
al. (1973)
Pteropod
Cavolinia unicata
(1)
(2)
0.08UI0.003
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
1 indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. iStanaard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/'g = picocuries per gram.
461
-------
Cockle
Cerastoderma edule
(=Cardium edule)
D 2.1
W 0.^3
Vinogradov
(1953)
Scallop
Chlamys opercularis Great Britain
soft
parts
D 0.33
Bryan (1973)
Black mussel
Choromytilus meridionalis
S. Africa
D (0.9-3.0)
W 0.038±SD
0.006
Watling &
Watling
(1976b)
Van As et
al. (1975)
Pteropod
Clio pyramidata
Gulf of
Aquaba
whole
Turekian et
(0.078-0.176) al. (1973)
Pteropod
Clione limacina
N.W. Atlantic
A 30.0
Nicholls et
al. (1959)
Pacific oyster
Crassostrea gigas
Oregon
Washington
Great Britain
soft
parts
W (0.C-0.7) Seymour &
pCi/g Co"0 Lewis (196U)
W (0.10-0.20) Pringle et
al. (1968)
D (2.2-3.5) Boyden &
Romeril
(197*0
Oyster
Crassostrea gryphoides Bombay
W 0.06
Bhatt et
al. (1968)
Atlantic oyster
Crassostrea virginica
W <0.12
Shuster &
Pringle
(1969)
Texas
shell
D <1.0
Smith &
Wright
(1962)
Atlantic Coast soft
United States parts
Pringle et
W (0.06-0.20) al. (1968)
0.10
W (o.lU-O.lS) Schroeder et
al. (l9o7)
462
-------
Pteropod
Cresius acicula
Gulf of
Aquaba
whole
Turekian et
(0.057-0.1U9) al. (1973)
White mussel
Donax sera
S. Africa soft Van As et al.
parts W 0.038isD 0.02^ (1975)
Freshwater clam
Fusconaia flava
Illinois
w (0.5-1.3)
0.8
Mathis &
Cummings
(1973)
Glycimerus glycimerus Irish Sea
D 0.9
Segar et
al. (1971)
Abalone
Haliotis gigantea
East Asia
¦muscle W 0.009
Leung (1973)
Abalone
Haliotus midae
S. Africa soft Van As et
parts W 0.025- al.' (1975)
SD 0.007
Abalone
Haliotis sd.
podium D 0.0
Vinogradov
(1953)
Sponge
Irciniq strobilina
Puerto Rico
A 0.0 ai^mg
Co60
Lowman et
al. (1967)
Squid
Illex illecebrosus
Atlantic Folsom
Grand Bank liver W O.p pCi/kg Young
Coo0 (1965)
Octopus
JaDatella heathi
Oregon
W 0.07 pCi/kg Seymour'
Co^O Lewis
(196^)
Clam
Katelysia marmorata Bombay
soft W (0.01.-0.2'-) 3b;
parts 0.10 °.L,
fvw:
Gastropod
Lambis lambis
Guam
W (59.0-231.0) Seymour
MUc/g Co^7 (1963)
w (2.0-19.0)
Wic/g Co°0
463
-------
Pteropod
Limacina retroversa N.W. Atlantic whole
South Atlantic
A 20.0
Nicholls et
al. (1975)
(l.Ol-l.OU) Turekian et
al. (1973)
Squid
Loligo ooalescens
California liver W 0.0 pCi/kg Folsom &
Quahog, hard shell clam
Mercenaria mercenaria Atlantic Coast soft
United States parts
" " Great Britain
Coo0
Young (1965)
W (0.10-0.20) Pringle et
0.20 al. (1968)
D U.3
Segar et
al. (1971)
Clam
Meretrix meretrix Bombay
W (0.09-0.52) Bhatt et
0.25 al. (1968)
Clam
Meretrix so.
East Asia
w 0.U09
Leung (1973)
Horse mussel
Modiolus agriceta
Horse mussel
Modiolus modiolus
Okinawa
Irish Sea
W 1+0.0-SE li.O Folsom &
pCi/kg Co^O Young (1965)
D 5.5
Segar et
al. (1971)
Squid
Moroteuthis robusta
Oregon
W (0.0-1.0) Seymour &
pCi/g Co0® Lev;is (lS>6h)
Sof'tshell clam
Mya arenaria
w (0.0-0.53)
pCi/g Co°^
Atlantic Coast
United States
W (0.10-0.20) Pringle et
0.10 al. (1968)
Intertidal mussel
Mytilus.californianus S. California
W 10.0-SE 0,1 Folsom &
pCi/kg Co0^ Young (1965)
464
-------
Common mussel
Mytilus edulis
Oregon
Mediterranean
Yugoslavia
Great Britain
BeIgium
Netherlands
soft
parts
D 1.7
w 0.33
D 12.0
D 1.6
Webb (1937)
W (0.0-0.3*0 Seymour 2c
pCi/g Co Lewis (196U)
Fowler &
D (O.U-5.9) Oregioni
(1976)
Lulic &
Strohal
(197*0
Segar et
al. (1971)
D (1.21-2.23) Bertini &
1.7^ Goldberg
(1972)
D 2.27
Mussel
Mytilus galloprovinciali s
Mussel
Mytilus viridis
Mediterranean
Bombay
Fowler &
D (0.5-7.'+) Oregione
(1976)
w 0.0
3'natt et
al. (1968)
Mud snail
Nassarius obsoletus
Octopus
Octopus vulgaris
Squid
Ommastreohes illecebrosa
regon
N.E. United
States
Scallop
Pecten caurinus Oregon
(=Patinopecten caurinus)
whole
edible
parts
W (0.0-0.10)
pCi/g Co"0
W 0.106
A 3.0
Seymour &
Lewis
(196U)
Nicholls et
al. (1959).
W (O.O-O.OU) Seymour 2c
pCi/g Co00 Lewis (196^)
465
-------
Scallop
Pecten islandicus
Scallop
Pecten maximum
Scallop
Pecten yessoensis
Pen shell
Pinna sp.
Sea scallop
Placopecten magellanicus
Irish Sea
Great Britain
East Asia
Delaware
(dump site)
Pleurobranchus olumula
Freshwater clam
Quadrula quadrula
Cuttlefish
Seoia spp.
Pacific razor clam
Siliqua patula
Squid
Stenoteuthis bartrami
Illinois
East Asia
Oregon
soft
parts
kidney
whole
soft
parts
edible
parts
iOilr
parts
N.E. Pacific liver
Hokkaido coasl
W 0.015
D 0.068
D 8.5
D 0.25
W 0.372
D 60.0
Malyuga
(19<+6)
Segar et
al. (1971)
Bryan (1973)
Leung (1973)
Fox &
Ramage
(1931)
D (0.29-1.02) Pesch et
0.56
250.0
al. (1977)
Vinogradov
(1953)
Mathis &
W (0.6-1.6) Cummings
1.2 (1973)
w 0.013
Leung
(1973)
W (0.0-0.7],) Seymour &
pCi/g Co°® Levis (196'+)
W (l,100.0- Folsom &
3,800.0) , Young
pCi/kg Co (1965)
W 0.0 pCi/kg ''
uo
60
Pteropod
Styliola turbula
South Atlantic whole
(0.U09-0.571) Turekian et
al. (1973)
466
-------
Clam
Sunetta donacina
Bonoay
Squid
Synolectoteuthis oualaniensis
Okinawa
Short-necked clam
Tapes philippinarum
Tridacna clam
Tridacna sd.
M M
MC i tt
ocallops
ii«, ?!
Llams
Molluscs
Japan
Guam
Palau
E. United
States
Puerto Rico
soft
parts W 0.(
liver W 600.0
soft
kidney
soft
parts
Bhatt et
al. (1968)
Folsom
Youns;
pCi/kg Co°° (1965)
Ichikawa &
parts W (o.HO-0.22) Ohno (I97U)
foot &
mantle W (0.110-0.5^0)
gill &
viscera W (0.O96-O.180) "
W 23^+0-30.0 Seymour
Wic/g Co57 (1963)
w (16.0-29U.0)
jiyc/g Co^O "
W 2.25
W 0.33
A ±50.0
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
Lowman et
al. (1966)
467
-------
Species
COBALT IN ARTHROPODS
(1)
(2)
Locality
Analysis
Tissue PPM
Authority
CRUSTACEA
Copepod
Calanus finmarchius
Crayfish
Cambarus longulus
longirostrls
It It
N.E. United
States
Tennessee
whole
.60
A 3.0
<5.0
Nicholls et
al. (1959)
Wiser &
Nelson
(1961+)
Co was concentrated
in gut, hepatopancreas
and integument, relatively
little in blood, muscle,
and gut
Copepod
Centropagus hematus
and typicus
Euphausid
Euphausia krohni
United States
whole
A U.O
A 5.0
Nicholls et
al. (1939)
Nicholls et
al. (1959)
Lobster
Homarus americanus
(1)
(2)
E. United States muscle W (0.07-\0.l6) Schroeaer et
al. (1967)
3lank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (3E), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
468
-------
Hvas araneus
A 1.1+
Malyuga
(1939)
D 0.77
w 0.15
Rock lobster
Jasus lalandii
S. Africa muscle W 0.0039- Van As et
SD 0.0015 al. (1975)
Decapod
Leander adsDersus
Russia
0.0
Petkevich
Stepanyuk
(1970)
Gooseneck barnacle
Leoas anatifera
N.E. Pacific whole
W Uo.oisE k.O Folsom &
pCi/kg Co^O Young (1965)
Gooseneck barnacle
Lepas anserifera
N. Borneo
W lO.O^SE k^O
pCi/kg Co°0
Isopod
Lisia pallasii
Oregon
W (0.0-0.6^)
pCi/g Coo0
Seynour &
Lewis (196^)
Barnacle
Mite 11a polymerus
W 0.0 pCi/g
C06O
Sea crab
Neptunus spp.
Spiny lobster
Panulirus sp.
East Asia
muscle W 0.007
W 200.0
Leung (1973)
Vinogradov
(1953)
Shrimp
Peneus orientalis
Japan soft
parts W (0.0lU-0.020) Ichikawa &
Ohno (197-)
" carapace W (0.030-0.036)
Shrimp
Peneus sop.
East Asia muscle W 0.03^-
Leung (1973)
Copepod
Pleuromamma xiohias
Puerto Rico whole A. (20.0-50.0)
37.0 Martin (1970)
D 12.3
469
-------
Kelp crab
Pugettia producta
Copepod
UndinuLa vulgaris
"Shrimp"
California feces A (ND-0.9)
Puerto Rico whole
E. United
States
Puerto Rico
nuscle
whole
Soothe &
Knauer
(1972)
A (25.0-60.0)
J+4.0 Martin (1970)
D 1U.3
W 0.12
W 1.81
A ±20.0
Schroeder
et al. (1967)
Lowman et
al. (1966)
INSECTA
Hyalophora cecroaia
(=Cecropia)
Anthaeria polyphemus
(=Polyphenus)
Praying mantis
Paratenodora sinensis
New England pupa W 0.21
cocoon W 2.55
Schroeder
et al.
(1967)
pupa W 0.36
adult W (1.32-2.52)
470
-------
(l)
COBALT IH LOWER ANIMALS
Analysis
Species Locality Tissue PPM Authority
CTENOPHORA
Comb jelly
Beroe cucumis N.E. United Nicholls et
States whole A <1.0 al. (1959)
CHAETOGNATHA
Arrow worn
Sagitta elegans " " A 110.0
PORIFERA
Sponge
Halichondra sd.
Sweden
D 0.05
Noddack &
Noddack
(19U0)
Sponge
Spheciospongia vesDaria
Puerto Rico
A (2.8-13.0) Lowrnan et
dis./mg Co al. (1967)
ANNELIDA
Polychaete
Aohrodita aculeata
(1)
(2)
D 25.0
Vinogradov
(1953)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable,
1 indicates questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean, i Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
471
-------
Sand worn
Arenicola marina
Gulf of
Kola
Tubificid worm
Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri
Illinois
Myxicola infundibulum
Tubificid ;vorm
Tubifex tubifex
COELENTSRATA
Coral
Anomacora fecunda
Illinois
W. Atlantic
Ocean
Coral
Bathycyanthus maculatus
Coral
Caryoahy111 a clavus
Coral
Caryoohyllia communis
Coral
Cladocera patriarca
Jellyfish
Cynaea capillata
HE United
States
Sweden
Ccral
Dendrophyllia sp.
W. Atlantic
Ocean
Ma lyuga
(19^6)
A 9-5
D 5.5
W 2.0
Mathis &
W (0.2-2.5)1.6 Cummings
(1973)
D 20.0
Vinogradov
(1953)
W (0.2-2.5)1.6 Mathis &
Cummings
(1973)
D 1.5
D 1.3
D 7.0
D <2.0
D <2.0
whole A 3*0
D 1.9
D 7.1
D 2.0
Livingston
& Thompson
(1971)
Hicholls et
al. (1959
Nodlack &
Noddack
(19^0)
Livingston
& Thompson
(1971)"
472
-------
Coral
De smoohyllum cristogalli W. Atlantic
Ocean
Livingston
D (l.0-l6.0) Sc Thompson
(1971)
Coral
Madracis asperula
D 3.0
Coral
Madracis mirabilis
D (0.061-0.17)
Coral
Madracis pharensi;
D 0.077
Coral
Meandrina areolata
D 0.0k
Coral
Meandrina braziliensis
D (0.058-0.067)
Sea anemone
Metridium dianthus
Sweden
D 1.7
Woddack &
Noddack
(19U0)
Coral
Mcntastrea annularis
W. Atlantic
Ocean
Livingston
D (0.06^-0.12) Sc Thompson
(1971)'
Coral
Phyllanscia americana
D 2.0
Coral
Porites porites
W. Atlantic
Ocean
D ((2.0-2.0,
Coral
Scolmia cubensis
D (0.053-0.^7)
Coral
Solenosmilia variabilis
D (<0.2-105.0)
Coral
Trochocyanthus so.
D lU.O
2CHIN0DERMATA
Sea urchin
Arbacia lixula
Greece
whole D 0.32
Papadoooulou
et al."(1976)
473
-------
Sea star
Asterias rubens
Sweden
Sea urchin
Brissopsis lyrifera
Sea cucumber
Cucumaria frondosa
Sea urchin
Echinaster sepositus Greece
Sea cucumber
Kolothuria tu'oulosa
Starfish
Marthasterias gjlacialis
Serpent star
0 phi ode ma longicauda
Sea urchin
Paracentrotus lividus
Sea urchin
Parechinus sc.
Sea urchin
Sohaerechinus granular!
S. Africa
Sea cucumber
Stichoous trenulus
Greece
Sweden
without
viscera D 0.9
D 3.0
D 2.0
D 0.67
whole D O.38
" D 0.11
D 0.090
D 0.20
D 0.23
W 0.C06
whole D 0.66
without
viscera D 1.2
Noddack &
Noddack
(19^0)
Malyuge.
(19^1)
Noddack &
Noddack
(19U0)
Malyuga
(19^1)
Papadopoulou
et al. (1976)
Van As et
al. (1975)
Papadopoulou
et al. (l97o)
Noddack &
Noddack
(19^0)
oea urchin
Stronglylocentrus oulcherri-nus
Japan
Sea cucu-nber'
Starfish
Puerto Rico
ovary
whole
Ishikawa &
W (0.071-0.08^) Ohno (197*0
w (0.0082-0.019)
A >30.0
Low-nan et
al. (i960)
474
-------
TUNICATA
Tunicate
Ciona intestinalis
Tunicate
Microcosmus sulcatus
Red bait
Pyura nicrocos-nus
iumcate
Salca fusifornis
Sweden
Greece
S. Africa
NE United
States
whole D 2.3
w 0.022
D 0.52
tunic W 0.017
D O.hh
other than
tunic W 0.050
D l.U
whole D 0.31
D 1.9
W 0.075
A <1.0
Noddack &
Noddack
(19^0)
Papadopoulou
& Kanias
(1977)
Van As et
al. (1975)
Nicholls 51
al. (1-959)
475
-------
Species
(1)
COBALT IK HIGHER PLANTS
(2)
Locality
Analysis
Tissue PPM
Authority
Sugar maple
Acer saccharum
Maple
Acer sp.
Balsam fir
Abies balsaT.ifera
Quack grass
Acrrocyron reper.s
Red top grass
Agrostis alba
Onior.
Allium cepa
(1)
New England
Canada
W (0.07-1.L^) Schroeder et
al. (1967)
bough D 0.08
Warren &
Delavault
(1957)
United States
D (0.1-C.6)
D 0.09
D 0.08
Beeson et
al. (19V7)
bulb
East Asia
New England
0.13
W 0.13
Bertrand <3:
Mokragnatz
(1930)
Leung (1973)
W (O.O6-O.18) Schroeder et
al. (1967)
Blank spaces indicate information net available or not applicable.
? indicates questionable data.
(2)
w, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean. (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. - Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
476
-------
Green onion
Allium porrum
Garlic
Allium sativum
Alder
Alnus rugosa (?)
Pineapple
Aranas comosug
Custard apple
Anona reticulata
Peanut
Arachis hypogaea
Big sagebrush
Artemisia tridentata
Russis
East Asia
bulb
0.26
Skoropostizhnaya
(1957)
w 0.001 Leung (1973)
New England
Canada
w 0.009
W 0.32
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
bough
D (0.06-0.25) Warren &
Delavault
(1957)
East Asia fruit W 0.0C16 Leung (1973)
United States hay-
East Asia nut
United States "
Lower Dahomey
W 0.0C2
0.08
W 0.375
W 0.37
D 0.6c
Nevada
stem
leaf D (0.5-2.6)
Jackfruit
Artocarpus heterophyllus
Athyrium augustum
seed
Salt bush
Atriplex canescens
New England
Nevade
W 0.007
W 0.2^
leaf
Mitchell
(1951)
Leung (1973)
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
Cresta et
al. (1975)
D (0.5-2.3) Wallace &
Romney (l972)
Leung (1973)
Schroeder et
al. (l9o7)
D (1.0-1.7) Wallace &
Romney
(1972)
477
-------
Salt bush
Atriplex confertifolia Nevada
(experimental) leaf
stem
tf ft If M
root
i! tt r? - _
leaf
Salt bush
Atriplex hyrnenelytra "
Cats
Avena sativa bran
D (0.1-0.6)
D (0.1-1.6)
D (1.0-5.0)
D (0.5-1.6)
D (1.0-1.2)
0.01
Wallace &
Romney
(1972)
Bertrand &
Mokragnatz
(1930)
Bilimbi
Averrhoa bilimbi
Canada
United States whole
Scotland
East Asia
grain trace
hay (0.02-0.7) Bowstead et
al. (19^2)
(0.03-0.23) Mitchell
(1951)
D (C.OO3-O.O3) Burridge
(1970)
grain W 0.019 Leung (1973)
fruit W 0.002
Carambola
Averrhoa carambola
W 0.002
Bamboo
Bambusa spp.
and others
Barberry
Berberis vulgaris
Swiss chard
Beta vulgaris cicla
m tr
shoot W 0.003
New England
United States
Maryland leaf &
(on sludge- "stem
amended soil)
W (0.13-0.56) Schroeder et
al. (1967)
D 0.09
Hurwitz &
Beeson (19^)
D (l.5-3>l) ?urr et al.
(1976)
478
-------
3eet
Beta vulgaris
Mangel
Beta vulgaris
Bog birch
Be tula glandulosa
Paper birch
3etula papyrifera
Birch
Betula sp.
Rape
Brassica napus
Cabbage
Brassica oleracea
var. caoi tata
it ti ft
it n
'Turnip
Brassica rapa
3ro-ne grass
Bronus inernis (1)
United States root D
Alaska
leaf
twis;
Canada
Russia
Russia
United States
Canada
(0.05-0.09) Hurwitz &
Beeson (19^)
top D (0.39-C.Ul)
leaf D (0.16-0.5^)
D 0.51
twig D 0.U2
Kubota et
al. (1970)
D 0.i+0
D 0.30
bough D (0.03-0.25;
Warren &
Delavault
(1957)
(0.10-0.12) Meleshko
(1957)
United States head D 0.07
Beeson (19^1)
Hurwitz &
(0.07-0.2U) Beeson (19UU)
3: Skoropostizhnaya
(1957)
w 0.55
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
leaf Q (0.03-1.07) Hurwitz &
Beeson (19^)
(0.03-0.09) Beeson et al.
(19^7) &
Arthur et al.
(1953)
479
-------
Bluejoint grass
Calamag;rostis canadensis Alaska
Canada.
Pepper
Capsicum sativum
Papaya
Carica papaya
NWT
East Asia
New England
East Asia
Virgin Islands
Rabbitbrush
Chrysothamnus viscidflorus
Nevada
leaf
stem
Russia
East Asia
Water melon
Citrullus vulgaris
Lime
Citrus aurantiifolia
Pomelo
Citrus grandis
Orange, tangerine
Citrus reticulata
Clethra barbinervis Japan
East Asia
Sea grape
Cocoloba uvifera
D O.lU
Kubota et
al. (1970)
O'Toole et
D (0.83-5.78) al. (1971)
fruit W 0.003
Leung (1973)
W (o.OU-0.20) Schroeder et
al. (1967)
.W 0.00U
Leung (1973)
W (0.05-0.10) Schroeder et
al. (1967)
D 0.5
D 0.5
0.18
fruit W 0.001
D 0.2
fruit W 0.11
Wallace &
Romney
(1972)
Meleshko
(1957)
Leung (1973)
Bertrand &
Mokragnatz
(1930)
Leung (1973)
W 0.003
leaf A (lOO x other Yamagata &
plants tested) Murakami
(1953)
A 700
Virgin Islands fruit W 0.^5
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
480
-------
Coconut
Cocos nucifera
East Asia
Virgin Islands
kernel
Coffee
Coffea arabica
bean
Black brush
Coleogyne ramosissima Nevada
leaf
stem
Sweetfern
Comptonia peregrina
Canada
Ontario
Dist. from Ni
smelter (mi):
1.0
i.b
k.S
6.5
8.U
18.0
31.0
Rattlebox
Crotalaria cobalticola Katanga
W 0.039
w (0.0U-0.2I4)
0.002
D 0.10-SD
0.0078
D (trace-2.6)
D (t
race
Leung (1973)
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
Bertrand &
Mokragnatz
(1930)
Shah et al.
(1971)
Wallace &
Romney (1972)
Hutchinson &
Whitby (1973)
D 10.0
D 12.0
D 7.0
D 7.0
D 5.0
D 5.0
D 7.0
(indicator of Co)
Bermuda grass
Cynoaoh dactylon
Pumpkin
Cucurbita oepo
United States
A 17,700.0
(max.)
D (o.OU-0.15)
NASA (1968)
Duvigneaud
Cast Asia
fruit
W 0.002
(1959)
Arthur et
al. (1953)
Beeson et
al. (19U7)
Leung (1973)
481
-------
Dodder
Cuscuta nevadensis
Orchard grass
Dactylus glomeratus
Carrot
Daucus carota
Wavy hair grass
Deschamosia flexuosa
SaLt grass
Distichlis spicata
Yam
Dioscorea alata
Duriam
Durio zibethicus
Nevada
United States
¦whole
leaf
root
East Asia
New England
Canada, Ontario
Dist. from Ni
smelter (mi):
1.0
k.6
6.5
B.k
" " 12.0
31.0
East Asia root
New England
D 0.5
D 0.08
0.31
0.02
W 0.002
Wallace &
Romney (1972)
Seeson et al.
(19^7)
Bertrand &
Mokragnatz
(1930)
Leung (1973)
W (0.0U-0.16) Schroeder et
al. (1967)
D 32.5
D 12.0
D 5.5
D 8.0
D 5.5
D 5.5
Hutchinson &
Whitby (1973)
(0.15-0.66) Vinogradov
(195M
w 0.03
Leung (1973)
W (0.06-0.08) Schroeder et
al. (1967)
East Asia
fruit
W 0.00^
Leung (1973)
482
-------
Waterweed
Elodea sp. Italy
Millet
Eleusine coracana East Asia
Mormon tea
Ephedra funerea Nevada
Mormon tea
Ephedra nevadensis "
Mormon tea
Ephedra torreyana "
Mormon tea
Ephedra viridis "
Fireweed
Epilobium angustifolium Alaska
Horsetail
Equisetum sp. "
Centipede grass
Eremoc'hloa ophiaroides United States
Cotton grass
Eriophorum so.
Winterfat
Eurotia lanata
Buckwheat
Fagopyrum sagittatum
Beech
Fasus grandifolium
Alaska
Nevada
New England
¦whole A l8.oiSE 2.7 Merlini et
al. (1971)
gram
shoot
leaf &
stem
leaf
strain
bark
wood
leaf
W 0.261+
Leung (1973)
D (trace-2.0) Wallace &
Romney (1972)
D (trace-l.o)
D (2.0-5.0;
D (2.0-6.0)
D O.lU
Kubota et
al. (1970)
D 1.22-SD 1.27
0.0U
D 0.15
Mitchell
(1951)
Kubota et
al. (1970)
D (trace-U.6) Wallace &
Romney
(1972)
O.36
Bertrand &
Mokraenatz
(1930l
1.10
(0.05-0.09)
D 0.35*
W 0.16
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
483
-------
Fig
Ficus carica
Strawberry, wild
Fragaria vesca (?)
Burro bush
Franseria dutiosa
Soy bean
Glycine nax
M tt
Spiny hop sage
Grayia spinosa
Okra
Hibiscus esculentus
Johnson grass
Holeus halepensis
Barley
Hordeum vulsare
Sweet potato
Ipomoea batatas
0.20
Bertrand &
Mokragnatz
(1930)
Russia
Nevada
leaf
s tieM
(O.10-0.12) Meleshko
(1957)
D (trace-2.7) Wallace &
Romney
(1972)
{ ¦ ¦, - \
V ice -... j j
United States hay
East Asia
Nevada
seed
leaf
0.05
w 0.195
Mitchell
(1951)
Leung (1973)
D (1.0-2.1) Wallace &
Ro-nney
(1972)
East Asia fruit W 0.006 Leung (1973)
United States
0.08
Mitchell
(1951)
sram
D (0.0012-0.003) Haller et
al. (1969)
East Asia
United States
East Asia
W 0.20
Leung (1973)
(0.02-0.03) Hurwitz &
Beeson (19^)
root W 0.215 Leung (1973)
Black walnut
Juglans nigra
nut
0.05
Bertrand &
Mokragnatz
(1930)
Cedar
Juninerus communis
Canada
bough D 0.01
Warren &
Delavault
(1957)
484
-------
Juniper
JuniDerus osteosoerma Nevada
leaf D 0.5
Wallace &
Romney (l?72)
Cedar
JuniDerus virginianum Missouri
twis, &
leaf
D <0.6
Connor et
al. (1970)
Krameria
Krameria parvifolia Nevada
leaf
D trace
Wallace 5c
Romney
(1972)
stem D (trace-1.^)
Lettuce
Lactuca sativa
Calabash
Lagenaria spp.
Langsat
Lansinum domesticum
Creosote bush
Larrea divaricata
Tamarack, larch
Larix laricina
Labrador tea
Ledum groenlandicum
Lentil
Lens lentil
Lespedeza
LesDedeza cur.eata
East Asia
New England
East Asia
Nevada
leaf D (O.C5.O.23) Bertrand &
Mokragnatz
(1930)
W 0.1U0 Leung (1973)
" W (0.10-0.1^) Schroeder et
al. (1967)
fruit W 0.001
W 0.002
" (experimental) "
stem
Canada
Leung (1973)
leaf D (trace-l.l) Wallace &
Romney (1972)
D (1.0-1.1)
D (trace-0,9)
bough D (0.06-0.15) Warren &
Delavault
(1957)
D (O.Ok-O.75!
East Asia seed W 0.179 Leung (1973)
United States
(0.03-0.73) Mitchell
(1951)
485
-------
Lily
Liliun lonsiflorum
Composite
Linosyris villosa
Lupine
Lupjnus sp.
Lycium
Lycium andersoni
leaf
petal
pollen
stigma
style
Russia
(indicates Ni-Co deposits
in Ural mts.)
Alaska
Nevada
Lycium pallidum
Lycium shockLeyi
Tomato
Lycopersicum esculentum
Apple
Malus malus
East Asia
New England
United States
East Asia
New England
leaf
stem
leaf
fruit
0.016
0.133
0.07
0.056
1.182
Yamada (1953)
leaf &
stem D 0.12
Mango
Mangi fera indica
East Asia
D (1.2-2.7)
D (trace-l.l)
D (0.5-1.5)
D 0.5
0.10
w 0.09
w (0.05-0.06)
D 0.0219-SD
0.0003
W 0.00U
w (0.25-0.3*0
W <0.2
w 0.003
Vinogradov
(195*0
Kubota et
al. (1970)
Wallace &
Romney (1972)
Bertrand &
Mokragnatz
(1930)
Leung (1973)
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
Haller et
al. (1969)
Leung (1973)
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
Leung (1973)
486
I
-------
Cassava
Manihot esculenta
Alfalfa
Medicago sativa
East -Asia
Lower Dahomy
Canada
root
hay
Horseradish, dish tree
Moringa oleifera
Banana
Musa saoientum
Italy
United States
East Asia
leaf
fruit
Water milfoil
Myriophyllun sp.
Water cress
Nasturtium officionale
Swamp black gum
Nyssa aquatica
Virgin Islands
Italy
w 0.009
Leung (1973)
D (0.30-1.0) Cresta et
al. (1975)
(O.01-0.62) Arthur et
al. (1953)
Bowstead et
al. (1914-2)
(0.01-0.62) Cambi (1950)
(0.01-0.62) Mitchell
(1951)
w 0.009
W 0.006
w 0.05
Leung (1973)
Schroeder et
al. (1969)
whole A 19.9-SD 2.8 -Merlini et
al. (1971)
0.15
United States
Black gum
Nyssa sylvatlca biflorum "
Tobacco
Nicotiana tabacum Kentucky
Leaf excellent for
Co surveys
D 800.0
Bertrand &
Mokragnatz
(1930)
Lazar Sc
Beeson
(1956)
leaf
stem
D (o.kk-1.7)
D 1.9
NacLkarni &
Ehmann (l970)
Pondweed
Na,1 as sd.
Italy
whole A 3«8-SE 0.3 Merlini et
al. (1971)
487
-------
Water lily
Nuphar sp.
Rice
Oryza sativa
Indian ricegrass
Oryzopsis hynenoides
Cinnamon fern
Osmunda cinnamomea
Claytons fern
Osmunda clayt onia
Royal fern
Osmunda recalls
Para grass
Panicum purpurescens
Dallis grass
PasDalun dilatatum
Italy
•whole A 1.7-SE 0.15 Merlini et
al. (1971)
polished Bertrand &
grain (0.006-0.13) Mokr agnatz
(1930)
Japan
straw
East Asia
Lower Dahomey
Nevada
top
United States
South Carolina
(0.U2-9.3) Kandatsu &
Mori (1957)
grain D (0.018-0.027) Haller et
al. (1969)
W (0.009-0.Oi+2) Leung (1973)
D (0.10-0.20) Cresta et
al. (1975)
D 0.5
New England frond W 0.25
W 0.18
Wallace &
Romney
(1972)
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
w 0.13
D 0.07
Beeson et
al. (19^7)
D (0.03-0.15)
D (0.03-0.15) Mitchell
(1951)
Bahia grass
Pasoalu^i notatum
Vasey grass
PasDalum urvillei
United States
D 0.03
D 0.08
Beeson et
al. (19^7)
488
-------
Passionfruit
Passiflora quadrangular!?
Parsnip
Pastinica sativa
Lima bean
Phascolus lunatus
Mungo bean
Phaseolus mungo
Field bean
Phaseolus vulgaris
East Asia
New England
East Asia
fruit W 0.007 Leung (L973)
root
seea
(French)
Russia
(wax)
United States
(field)
United States
V 0.C12
W 0.18
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
W 0.078 Leung (1973)
w 0.165
0.07
D 0.1
C.01
D 0.01
Skoropostizhna
(1957)
Hurwitz &
Beeson (19^)
Bertrand &
Mokragnatz
(1930)
ieeson
(19^1)
California
root
D 3.'
Timothy
Phleum Dratense
Reed grass
Phrasmites sd.
White spruce
Picea abies
stem
leaf
United States bean
East Asia "
United States
Italy-
whole
Wallace &
Romney (1977)
D 0.3
D 0.1+
D 0.058^SD 0.002
Haller et al.
(1969)
w 0.068 Leung (1973)
D (0.01-0.08) Beeson et
al. (19^7)
A 2.5-SE O.56 Merlini et
al. (1971)
New England needle W 0.0^
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
489
-------
Black spruce
Picea nigra
Lodgepole cine
Pinus contorta
Ponderosa pine
Pinus ponderosa
White pine
Pinus strobus
Guava
Pisidium gua.java
Pea
Pisurr. sativum
31uegrass
Poa annua
Kentucky bluegrass
Poa oratensis
Canada
bough D (0.15-0.7)
Warren &
Delavault
1957)
(
D 0.25
Washington wood
D (0.007-0.067) Sheppard &
Funk (1975)
New England needle W 0.08
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
East Asia fruit W 0.002k Leung (1973)
seed
Russia
United States
(0.03-0.15) Bertrand 2c
Mokragnatz
(1930)
(0.03-0.15) Meleshko
(1957)
0.15
D 0.128
Mitchell
(1951)
Kaller et
al. (1369)
New England
East Asia
United States
W 0.01-0.2^) Schroeder
et al.
W 0.035
(1967)
Leung (l973)
D (0.13-0.25) Beeson et al
(19^7)
D (0.13-0.25)
Canada
D (0.13-0.25) Arthur et al.
(1953)
Christmas fern
Polvstichu-n acrosticoides
Nev; England
w 0.31
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
490
-------
Balsam poplar
Pooulus balsa-nifera
Cottonwood
Pooulus so.
Quaking aspen
Populus treT.uloid.es
Pondweed
Pctaxogeton so.
Apricot
Prunus arneniaca
Cherry
prunus sp.
Black cherry
Prunus serotina
Canada
Alaska
Bracken
Pteridium latiusculum
Ostrich fern
Pteritis nodulosa
Pasque flower
Pulsatilla pater.s
Pear
Pyrus communis
Italy
Canada
New England
bough D 0.3
Warren &
Delavault
(1957)
leaf
D (0.1-C.3)
D 1.13
Kubota et
El. (1970)
twig D 0.35
whole A 8.0±SE 1.0 Merlini et
al. (1971)
Bertrand &
Mokragnatz
(193C)
leaf D O.lf
fruit D 0.03
D 0.005
bough D 0.02
W 0.27
W 0.28
W 0.17
Plants become white in presence of Ni-Co Vinogradov
deposits in Ural nts. (195^)
.Warren &
Delavault
(1957)
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
fruit
pulp
0.18
Bertrand
Mokragnatz
(1930)
United States
D 0.010-0.0002 Ha Her et
al. (1969)
491
-------
Pear
Pyru s coT.Tiu.nl:
Radish
Raphanus sativa
New England
Russia
New England
f rui t
pulp VJ 0.32
0.3
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
Skoropostizhnaya
(1957)
Sumach
Rhus sd.
ft It
Natal grass
Rhynchelytriu-n roseum
Wild rose
Rosa acicularis
United States
Canada, N.W.T.
Dist. fron shelter
(¦ni):
root W (O.CU-O.II) Schroeder et
al. (1967)
leaf W 0.3^
w 0.1+5
seed W 0.27
D 0.05 Beeson et
al. (19^7)
O'Toole et
al. (1971)
T! It
tl 11
IT II
II It
0.1+ fruit &
leaf
0.3 "
1.8. "
1.9 "
Ruooia spiralis
Wi How
Salix sp.
Wi iiow
Salix sdd.
Caspian Sea
Canada
D l.lk
D 1.09
D 0.79
D 0.06
D 66.0
Vinogradov
(195^)
bough D (0.08-0.35) Warren &
Delavault
(1957)
Alaska
II It
Rye
Seeale cereale
Catchfly
Silene cobaltica
East Asia
Katanga
leaf D 1.80
twig D 0.5?
grain v
-------
Squirreitail grass
Sitanion hystrix
Eggplant
Solarium melongena
Potato
Solanux tuberosum
Mountain ash
Sorbus americana
Spinach
Soinacia oleracea
Wiregrass
Soorcbolus sd.
3asswocd
Tilia aaiericana
Nevada
East Asia
New England.
New England
United States
top
United States
East Asia tuber
leaf
berry
Lower Dahomey
United States
New England
D 0.5
fruit W 0.005
w (0.03-0.1)
leaf W 0.33
D 0.06
W 0.06
Wallace &
Ro-nnsy ( 3-972)
Leung (1973)-
Schrceder et
al. (1967)
Beeson (19^1)
Leung (1973)
(0.01+-0.06) Bertrand &
Mokragnatz
(1930)
W (0.07-0.lU) Schroeder et
al. (1967)
W 0.23
W 0.07
(O.07-1.2) Bertrand &
Mokragnatz
(1930)
D (0.07-1.2) Hurwitz &
Beeson
(l^)
New England leaf W 0.3^
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
D (3-30-5.50) Cresta et al.
(1975)
0.03
W 0.17
Mitchell
(1951)
Schroeder et
al. (1967)
493
-------
Spanish hogs
Tillandsia usnoides
S. United
States
White clover
TrifoLiurr. recens
Wheat
Triticum aestivum
whole
New Zealand Spinach
Tetrasjonia expansa United States
Red clover
Trifolium pratense Japan
" " Scotland
New Zealand
Canada
United States grain
bran
TJ II
grain
tf ft -> »
Russia
" United States whole
" " East Asia grain
Blueberry
Vaccinium aagustifoliua Canada, Ontario
Dist. from Ni
smelter (mi):
1.0
l.b
h.6
6.5
S.k
" 31.0
494
Shacklette
(<0.007-0.070) & Connor
geon. nean
0.0098-0.OCI83
good indicator of
Co
(1973)
D 0.09
1.3
Hurwitz &
Beeson (19M+)
Kandatsu &
Mori (1957)
(0.08-0.28) Heith (1970)
(0.17-U.6)
D 0.01
0.01
(0.01-0.Ok)
Askew &
Dixon (1937)
Arthur et
al. (1953)
Beeson (l$hl)
Bertrand &
Mokragnatz
(1930)
Skoropostizhnaya
(1957)
(0.05-0.15) Mitchell (1951)
W 0.11 Leung (1973)
D 10.0
D 8.0
D 6.8
D 8.0
D 5.5
Hutchinson &
Whitby (1973]
D 5-5
-------
Blueberries
Vaccinium sp.
Vetch
Vicia cracca
Cowpea
Vigna unguiculata
SD.
Grape
Vitis sp.
Yucca
Yucca brevifolia
Yucca
Yucca schidigera
Corn
Zea mays
t! tt
tt II
It II
tt It
tl tt
TT TT
Canada
bouzh
United States
East Asia
pea
hay
seea
D (O.07-0.75) Warren &
Delavault
(1957)
(0.03-0.35) Mitchell
(1951)
D (0.06-0.31) Hurwitz &
Beeson
(l?M)
(0.05-0.12) Mitchell
(1951)
W 0.188
Leung (1973)
United States raisin D 0.001-SD Haller et
0.0005 al. (1969)
Nevada
leaf D (0.5-0.8)
shoot D <0.5
Wallace &
Rodney
(1972)
United States kernel
Russia "
East Asia
Lower Dahoxey "
United States "
(0.01-0.02) Mitchell
(1951)
(O.01-0.02) Skoropostizhnaya
(1957)
W 0.22^
D 0.30
D 0.01
Leung (1973)
Cresta et al.
(1975)
Beeson (19^1)
United States
(0.01-0.02) Bertrand &
Mokragnatz
(1930)
D (O.01-0.02) Hurwitz &
Beeson (l9^)
495
-------
Ginger
Zingiber officinale
Eel grass
Zostera asiatica
Eel grass
Zostera marina
Eel grass
Zostera nana
East Asia
Sea of Japan
Black sea
Caspian Sea
root
W c.019
D 3-9
D 30.0
D 15.0
Leung (1973)
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Vinogradov
(1953)
496
-------
(1)
COBALT IN ALGAE
(2)
Soecies
Locality
Analysis
Tissue PPM
Authority
Brown alga
Agarujn cribosum
Red alga
Ahnfeltia Dlicata
Alaria esculenta
Sea of Japan
Nova Scotia
Gulf of Kola
Brown alga, knotted wrack
Ascophyllum nodosum Nova Scotia
Scotland
Gulf of Kola
(1)
(2)
D 0.9
D 0.1+9
A 1.7
A 0.1+5
W 0.078
D 0.1+0
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Young &
Langille
(1958)
Malyuga
(19u6)
Young &
Langille
(1958)
D (0.1+1-0.73) Black &
Mitchell
W 0.17
1.2
(1952)
Malyuga
(19^6)
Blank spaces indicate information not available or not applicable.
? indicates Questionable data.
W, D or A indicates on a Wet, Dry or Ashed basis. A single number
indicates a single determination or mean, (x-y) indicates range of
values, followed by the mean. ± Standard deviation (SD), standard
error (SE), median, and geometric mean are indicated as reported.
pCi/g = picocuries per gram.
497
-------
Brown alga, knotted wrack
AscoDhyllum nodosum Gulf of Kola
0.22
Malyuga
(19^6)
M It
tt
0.007
It
Green- alga
Caulerpa racemosa
Texas
D
(2.0-4.2)
Harriss
(1965)
Red alga
Ceramium gardneri
Oregon
W
°'77
pCi/g Co
Seymour &
Lewis (196U)
Red alga
Chondrus crispus
Nova Scotia
D
0.39
Young &
Langille
(1958)
>T T t
ft
D
(0.22-0.3^)
ft
Red alga
Chondrus yendoi
Sea of Japan
D
1.1
Saenko et al
(1976)
Brown alga
Chorda filum
»T
D
2.7
tt
Brown alga
Costaria costata
tt
D
0.6
rr
Green alga
Codiur. yessoensis
If
D
0.3
n
Green alga
Derbesia marina
Oregon
D
3.2 ,
pCi/g Co
Seymour &
Lewis (196I+)
Brown alga, kelp
Ecklonia maxima
S. Africa
W
0.006U-
0.0021
Van As et
al. (1978)
Red alga
Endocladia muricata
Oregon
W
0.0 s -
pCi/g Co
Seymour &
Lewis
(196U)
Green alga
Enteromoroha Drolifera
Sea of Japan
D
9.8
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Green alga
Enteromorpha tubulosa
Oregon
498
W
0.0
pCi/g Co60
Seymour &
Lewis (196k)
-------
Wrack
Fucus furcatus
Wrack
Fucus serratus
Wrack
Fucus sDiralis
Wrack
Fucus vesiculosis
Red alga
Gigartina rachula
Red aiga
Gigartina sdd.
Oregon
Scotland
Gulf of Kola
Scotland
Neva Scotia
Great Britain
Bristol Channel
S. Africa
Oregon
Red alga
Kalosaccion ra:nentaceu.n Nova Scotia
W
(0.0-1.7) Seynour &
pCi/g Co Lewis (196^)
D (0.147-0.63) 31ack &
Mitchell
(1952)
W 0.12
A 5.3 Malyuga
(19^6)
D 1.3
W 0.23
D (1.39-2.0)
w 0.37
D (0.65-0.91)
W 0.21
D 0.66
Black &
Mitchell
(1952)
Young &
Langille
(1958)
Fuge &
(5.5-U.3) Ja*es
(197^)
W 0.018-0.003 Van As et
al. (1975)
W (0.0-0.87) Seymour &
pCi/g Co^O Lewis (196U)
D oM
Young &
Langille
(1958)
499
-------
Hesperophycus sp.
Brown alga
Laninaria cichcroides
Brown alga
Laninaria cloustoni
Brown alga
Laninaria digitata
Oregon
Sea of Japan
Scotland
Nova Scotia
Broun alga
Laminaria hyperborea Scotland
Brown alga
Laminaria longicruris Nova Scotia
Brown alga
Laminaria saccharina
Gulf of Kola:
W
(0.05-0.1*7)
pCi/g Co°®
D
2.6
frond
D
(0.21-0.56)
n
D
(0.21-0.31)
tr
D
(0.22-1.1+6)
stipe
D
(O.U3-O.92)
frond
W
0.03
stipe
W
0.07
D
0.25
frond
D
0.19
stipe
D
0.52
frond
D
0.39
rr
D
O.lU
D
0.51
frond
D
0.11
stipe
D
0.07
A
k.h
D
0.15
W
0.13
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Mitchell
(1952)
Young &
Langilie
(1958)
Black &
Mitchell
(1952)
Lunde (1970a)
Young &
Langille
(1958)
Malyuga
(19l6)
500
-------
Brown alga
Laminaria spp.
Oregon
W ° ?C^g
C o
Seymour &
Lewis (196H)
Brown alga, kelp
Macroeystis pyrifera
California
D l.k
A (0.3-O.U)
0.3^0.05
Vinogradov
(1953)
Boothe &
Knauer
(1972)
Green alga
Monostrona zostericola Oregon
W 0.0 , Seymour &
pCi/g Co ^ Lewis (196U)
Brown alga, channel wrack
Pelvetia canaliculata Scotland
D (0.37-1.3) Black &
Mitchell
(1952)
Brown alga
Pelvetiopsis limitata Oregon
W 0.03 /-n Seymour &
pCi/g Co Lewis (196^)
Brown alga
Pelvetia wrishtii
Phyllaria so.
Sea of Japan
Gulf of Kola
D 2.2
A 1.9
D 0.U6
w 0.067
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Malyuga
(19u6)
Red alga
Phvllophora nembranifolia
Nova Scotia
D 6.25
Young &
Langille
(1958)
Red alga
Polysiphonia ,1 aponcia Sea of Japan
D 5.3
Saenko et al.
(1976)
Red alga
Polysiphonia spp.
Oregon
W 0.0 Sejmour &
pCi/g Co°® Lewis (196U)
Red alga
Porphyra capensis
S. Africa
W 0.05^-0.013 Van As et al.
(1975)
Red alga
Ptllota filicina
Sea of Japan
D k.5
Saenko et
al. (1976)
501
-------
Red alga
Rhodomela larix
Sea of Japan
D 5.^
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Red alga
Rhodynenia palmata
Brown alga
Sargassum pallidum
Green alga
Spongomorpha arcta
Red ribbons
Suhria vittata
Nova Scotia
Green alga
Ulva fenestrata
Green alga
Ulva lactuca
Green alga
Ulva spp.
M !l
Sea of Japan
Nova Scotia
S. Africa
Brown alga
Turbinaria turbinata Puerto Rico
Sea of Japan
Nova Scotia
Gulf of Kola
Great Britain
Oregon
S. Africa
D 0.13
D 1.6
D 0.09
W 0.0l±8±
0.00U
A 31.0
D 0.9
D O.69
D (1.55-1.57)
A 5.5
D 1.1
W 0.22
D (U.0-40.0) Bovden
(1975)
W (0.0-0.1) Seynour &
pCi/g Co°® Lewis (196U)
W 0.033-0.013 Van As et
al. (1975)
Young 8c
Langille
(1958)
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Young 8c
Langille
(1958)
Van As et
al. (1975)
Lowman et
al. (1966)
Saenko et
al. (1976)
Young 8c
Langille
(1958)
Malyusa
(19^6)
502
-------
"Green algae"
Puerto Rico
A 20.0
Lawman et
al. (1966)
Red algae
A 26.0
503
-------
EPA Library Region 4
1017257
2 2 m-
>
DATE DUE
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