United Stales Region 8 Library
Environmental Protection Denver CQ
Agency
&EPA A Special
Information Service:
EMISSIONS
FROM
WOOD COMBUSTION
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'i 3 2->
The materials in this short bibliography were obtained from several
databases, so there is a variation in format. Many of the citations
listed here are from 1986 and 1987 sources. There are many other reports
and articles on the subject which can be accessed through the library.
0CA2.
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EMISSIONS FROM WOOD COMBUSTION
OL!!AMPLrN(/^ND4ANALYSI!5 METHODS FOR USE IN SOURCE APPORTIONMENT STUDIES 10
Ot.TKRM.INI-: IMPACT OH WOOD BURNING ON TINE PARTICLE MASS*
rrvENS rodert k*
I: I'Ac NCI y
I |n!V INTLv .1 9'!u y Yll y N2-4 y P27 1. ( 1 3 )
JOURNAL ARTICLE AEROSOL. SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PROCEDURES WHICH MAY Bl
uslh ro obtain ambi:ent aj:r mlasijrements for input INTO source ai- ORT^nml n
SHJDIES ARE DESCRIBED. THE PROCEDURES AND MEASUREMENTS CAN BE EMPLOYED ^I N
EST IMATING THE IMPACT OF WOOD BURNING ON AMBIENT PARTICULATE LOADINGS.
AMBIENT' WINTERTIME FINE PARTICLE COMPOSITIONS IN CO * AND
ALBUOUEROIJE y NMv ARE USED AS LXAMPLED I OR RECEPTOR MODEL CALCULATION.).
0LA;j;1fsSlN*O<^-Htr"°iMF'ACT OF R[- SI DENT IAL WOOD COMBUSTION US TNG A SOURCE AND
ivi i i r- f i)r modt i... v
111 YI K"> R I CHARD L.
,n.-v>UA pacific: univ,
J l-NV LIE ALT II y SUP OCT 85» U4H» N2, P&2<5) _ _ Twr.AD-
JOURNAL ART LCI L- TWO INDEPENDENT MODELS ARE USED TO DETERMINE T IL Ih ACT
01" RES I Dl.' NT IAL WOOD COMBUSTION ON WINTER PARTICULATE LEVELS IN LAGLL R v 'v
AK. A SOURCE EMISSION MODEL BASED ON A WORST CASE CONDITION LOR W O J
KUHNINO INIIICATHI THAT rtBUIIT W. OF' THK PRrniCTED UIN1ER I'rtRI ILULATE LLVLL
OF 140 MG/CU M IS DUE TO REST DEN TIAL. WOOD (.OMUUSTI ON. A KLCEF TOR MODEL
ACCURATELY PREDICTED TOTAL SUSPENDED PAR TI CUE ATE MATTER CONCENTRATIONS* AND
P ART ICULA TEG C 0 U I. D HI" A P L' 0 R T' I ONE D B E T W E E N M A J 0 R S 0 U R C E S .
1209823 PB86-222924/XAB
Integrated A.i. r Cancer Project* Source Measurement
Leese, K. E. ; McC r 111 i , R. C.
Research Triangle Inst.r Research Triandle F'ark, NC.
Corp. Source CodesJ 045968000
Sponsor! Environmental Protection Aauncu» Research Triandle Pork r N(\ Air
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Report No.: EPA/600/D-86/15?
Jul 86 25p
"i ?PCf. annual meeting, Minneapolis, HN Jun 84. Spur,.sore,I
Fna rJ r iXOa *amc" *»««h Trianale Park, NC. Air and EiwMv
i-ii:JLiit)i?riri^ Research Lah.
Lani-juaues I English
NT IS Prices: PC A02/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8622
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EPA-68-02-3992
Ipw»?= P3pe^ describes tests of four woodstove operating Parameter-, jt luu
h»i* * f i " ratG' W°°d moi*t,jry' wood load* and wood Ivn o. A
tho It*I13K e;:pfrimer,t£»l test design allowed statistical evaluation of
. , f J Parai"et(jr on measured emissions of F-olscyclic aromatic
drocarbons (PAHs)r particulates* total hydrocarbons (THCs)* CO, el emei 1t<>»
and C1-C7 hydrocarbons. The control of burn rate and wood moisture content
111 "f1 statistically significant parameters affecting organic
emissions. Elemental emissions were most significantly affected b\; hum
r j" wood tupe» Overall, significant changes» even reductions in Lnt.il
nic emissions, can be made Just by the way a unnHc+noo •; «= r,
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2.
1224704 PfeH7-119897/XAB
Test Method Evaluations and Emissions Testing for Ratine Uood Stoves
(Final rept. Jun 85-Apr 86)
Cottons» L. E. i Messer* E.
Eridineerinrf-Scienee* Fairfax* VA.
Corp. Source Codest 077489000
Sponsort Radian Corp. v Research I r:i.an<31 co Park* NC.» Elnvi ronmentaJ
Protection As!enca» Research Trian^Le Parky NC. Air and Eno rdv; Engineer u
Research L3b.
Report No.: EPA/600/2-86/100
Oct 86 t 47p
Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp, > Research Tr ian
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3.
1212639 PB86-224326/XAB
Evaluation of Low-Emission Wood Stoves
(Research rept,. (Final))
Shelton* J. Id. * Gay* L. U.
She 1 ton Research* Inc.* Santa Fe? NM.
Corp. Source Codes 1 086397000
Sponsor? California State Air Resources Board* Sac rain eon to.
Report No,: RR-10865 ARB-R-86/279
Jun 86 117p
Sr-onsored by California State Air Resources fiadrdi Sac ram en to.
Languages i English
NTIS Prices! PC A06/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8623
Country of Publication: United States
Emissions and efficiencies of five residential woodburning heaters non-
measured. Measured emissions included particulate matter (PM)* carbon
hi on oxide (CO)* hydrocarbons (HC)* polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH:.;)*
bei i.:ene * oxides of nitrogen (NQx) * total combustibles * elemental eui'lionf
cyanide (CN--)* ammonia (NH3) and creosote. Three fuels were used* alihuii.<..;h
not Lri all appliances -™ dimensional Douglas fir lumber (as specified in
the Oregon and Colorado emissions standards)? seasoned oak logs and dreen
oak logs. The appliances consisted of a conventional airtjJht stove* a
catalytic stove* two non-catalytic advanced technology stoves* and a wood
pellet stove. Appliance effects were strong. All products of j ncoiriplete
combustion (PM* CD* HC* benzene* PAH* elemental carbon* creosote and
combustibles) were lowest for the pellet burner* next, lowest for the
catalytic stove* and highest for the conventional airtight stove.
Descriptors: *Heating equipment* #Stoves* Combustion products* Aromatic
polycyclic hydrocarbons* Carbon monoxide* Cyanides* Ammonia* Nitrogen
oxides
Identifiers: *Wood burning appliances* ^Stationary sources* *Particu late
sampling! *Indoor air Pollution* Houses* Creosote* NTISCARBRA
Section Headings: 13B (Mechanical * Industrial* Civil* and Marine
Engineering--Civi1 Engineering)* 68A (Environmental Pollution and
Control--Air Pollution and Control)* 97R (Energy—Environmental Studies)
5/7/8
04908559 83141559
Mutagenicity of sir samples from various combustion sources.
Holler M* Alfheim I
Mutat Res Jan 1983* 116 (1) p35-46* ISSN 0027-5107 Journal Codet
NNA
Languages! ENGLISH
The emission of mutagens from various combustion sources was compared.
Flue gas samples from power Plants and boilers burning coal? 03 1 and wood
were studied. Little or no mutagenic activity was observed in ssmrles from
big boilers operated under optimal conditions. The mutagenic activity of
emission samples from different boiler systems burning the same fuel varied
considerably. This variation was larger than the difference obtained from
boilers of comparable size utilizing different fuels. The highest mutagenic
activity was observed in samples from a small coal combustion unit*
utilizing the f1uidized-bed technioue. In this esse the activity was
highest without metabolic activation. Extracts from all samples contained
toxic compounds that* in high doses* inhibited mutagenicity.
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4.
1228678 PB87 -853 4 9 5/XA B
Wood Burning Fu maces t Pollution and Env i ronnienis. 1978-1986 ( C l La tions
from the Energy Data Base)
(Rept. far 1978-86)
National Technical Information Servicer Bprindfield* VA.
Corp. Source Codes J 055665000
Jar. 87 58p
Supersedes PB85--8712.18. Prepared :L11 coor-yrat,ion with Departmcr11 of1
Uner^y* Washington* DC.
U.S. iiales oil I.y.
L anriua<1es I En1 i sh Docuinent Typc J Bi b 1 i og r aphy
NT1S Prices! PC N01/MF N01 Journal Annouri cement: GRAI8705
Country of Publication I United States
This b i b 1 i o <2 r a r It y c o r it a i r"i <.> c 11 a t J. o r i s c oncer n i. n g p n 1 L u t :i o r i a n d
u3nv L ronmen I'.al aspects with regards to the use of wood fcn irnjnd rurrnii i1:..
D i. vjcuvi s i oil *_> on air pollution control techniques and environmental imi' oiM,-,
of residential and industrial use of wood furnaces are > n ¦ 1U •> i.
Kesiul 3 t. i ons y measurement* arid analysis of pollutant emi',^! ons (' rum wood
combustion are included. (This updated bibliography contains 122 citations*
19 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)
Descriptors: *Bibliographies? ^Furnaces* *Air pollution control?
Combustion products? Industrial wastes* Gas analysis? Residential buildings
t Environmental impacts; Regulations
Identifierst KWood burning furnaces* Air pollution detection* NTISNTISE?
NTISNERACD
Section Headings? 68A* (Environmental Pollution and Control --Air
Pollution and Control)* 97J* (Enordy—Heating and Cooling Systems)* 89B*
(Building Industry Technology—Architectural Design and Environmenta]
Engineer ins)t 41GE (Manufacturing Technology--General)* 94GE (Industrial
and Mechanical Engineering General)* 88E (Library and In fu rifi at.i. on
Sciences--Reference Materials)
5/7/7
05011810 83244810
Effect of emssions from residential wood stoves on SCE induction in CH0
cells.
Hytonen S* Alfheim I* Sorsa M
Mutat Res Jul 1983* 118 (1-2) p69-75r ISSN 0027-5107 Journal Codet
NN A
Languages? ENGLISH
The SCE-induction capacity of emissions from an airtight horizontal
baffled residential wood stove was investigated in CHQ cells. The sanir le:
were taken under normal.and starved air conditions* from burning birch snd
spruce separately. Both particle Phase and vapour phase were collected. All
samples induced a dose-related response in SCE both with anci w l thout ,i
metabolic activation system* the rat-liver mlcrosoma1 fraction. The burning
conditions in the stove influenced the mutagenicity of the emissions more
than the type of wood* the smoke from wood burning under starved air
conditions was more than one order of magnitude more potent in inducing s
significant SCE response. With all samples* the response in SCE induction
was highest without metabolic activation. The tonicity of the samples*
especially those without S9» limited the dose-r3nge tested.
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5.
Method 5)y
Emissions
G~ ? Uest 1 iny
0M7 (Oregon Method 7)? and
P. R. ? Weanty (3»
T riangle
Park* NC.
Parky NC . ? Environmental
A i r and Erie r <3y End i n&e rin;5
Research
Research
T riangle
T riangle
P a r k y
Park y
NC .
NC,
1212634 PB86-22309A/XAB
Comparisons between MM5 (Modified
Draft ASTM Measurements of Wood Stove
McCrilliSf R. C. ? Merrilly R.
Wagonery B. E.
Engineering-Science i Inc. y Cary* NC.
Corp. Source Codes! 086405000
Sponsor? Radian Corp.» Research
Protection Agencyy Research Triangle
Research Lab.
Report No.J EPA/600/D-86/150
Jul 86 20p
Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp.y
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency?
Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Languages! English
NT IS Prices! PC A02/MF A01 Journal Announcement!
Country of Publication! United States
Contract No.J EPA--68-02-3996
The paper compares three candidate sampling methods—the EPA Modified
Method 5 (MM5)y the Oregon Method 7 (0M7)» and the ASTM proposed Method
P180—preparatory to selecting 3 wood stove operating procedure and related
emission sampling method. (NOTE! The EPA is developing a New Source
Performance Standard for wood burning stoves. This is one of several issues
to be resolved during the development process). Five wood stoves (two
catalyticy one noncatalytic genericy one noncatalytic high efficiency and
one catalytic fireplace insert) were tested. Results showed good
correlations between the emission measurements obtained with each method.
Descriptors! #Air pollution? Stovesy Combustion products? Performance
Identifiers! #Uood burning appliances? Stationary sources? Air sampling?
NTISEPA0RD
Section Headings! 13E< (Mechanical y Industrial y Civil y and Marine
Engineering—Civi1 Engineering)? 68A (Environmental Pollution and
Cont rol--Ai r Pollution and Control)? 97R (Energy—Environmental Studies)
GRAI8623
5/7/6
05170183 84094183
Air pollution emission profiles of toxic and trace elements from energy
related sources! status and needs.
Lioy PJ
Neurotoxicology Fall 1983y 4 (3) pl03-12y ISSN 0161-813X
Journal Code! 0AP
Contract/Grant No.! ES 00260? CA 13343
Languages! ENGLISH
The preceding was by no means a comprehensive analysis on the present
state of knowledge on trace elements in combustion sources* or the
differences that would be expected. However? it does point to avenues and
directions of some of the future research. Also* the needs 1) to resolve
source in areas of great emissions complexity* or 2) to assign sources of
specific hazardous materials. Current efforts are focussed on understanding
the impact of particular sources of pollutants at a receptor site. This
information will provide the means for assessment of any potential hazard
of a source to the general community and the size and mass distribution of
these materials at a receptor. Considering the types arid volume of dsts
necessary to catalog source types and eventually assess community impacts*
the development of a national resource with far more sensitive and accurate
multielement analysis of air pollutants is warranted. Interaction of air
Quality and nuclear analytical research groups in collaborative research
projects should be fostered and commitments made to develop pools of 1 s r ^
and small users.
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6.
5/7/4
05474957 85090957
Short-term bioassays of fractionated emission samples from wood
combustion,
Alfheim 15 Becher Gf Hongslo JK» Lazaridis 65 Lofroth G> Ramd3hl T>
R i v e d a 1 Ej S3lom3a S J Sanner T» Sorsa M
Teratogenesis Carcinog Mutagen 19 8 4 » 4 (6) p459-75> ISSN 0270-3211
Journal Code? VM9
Languages: ENGLISH
Extracts of an emission sample from wood burning? consisting of rarticles
and volatiles» have been fractionated on an HPLC silica sicl column into
five fractions of increasing polarity. Nonfractionated saniples 3rid the
individual fractions have been tested in three different chort-term
bioassayst the Ames Salmonella assay* the sister chromatid exchanse (SCE)
induct:) on-test in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CH0)> and the cpll
transformation test on Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells. Most of the total
activity was found in the volatile part of the sample with all three.1
bioassaysi whereas the particle extract had the highest activity per unit
Bass extracted. The second most polar fraction contained most of the mass
and was also highly 3 ctive iri all assays. The most polar fraction was veri;
potent in the Salmonella assayt but showed only a weak response in the
eukaryotic bioassays. Storage of the s^tii, sles for several months at 0
decrees C revealed that the bacterial mutagens present in the most polar
fraction were labile? the mutagenicity wjs almost totally lost after 1
year's storage.
c / L / A
• • j < 4
0^3W95 HOC TYPE: ARTICLE GENUINE ARTICLE*: SN914 21 REFS
hLLiEHYDE EMISSIONS FROM WOOD-BURNING FIREPLACES (ENGLISH)
1. LPAKI f; dasch JM5 SCRUGGS wf
GM CORPfDEPT ENVIRONtt SCI,RES LABS/WARREN//MI/48090
fcNVlRGNMENTAL SCIENCE 4 TECHNOLOGY , V18, N5» P326-330t 1984
? IM0
5/7/5
05184272 84108272
Mutagenicity testing of high performance liouid chromatosrarhy fractions
from wood stove emission samples using a modified Salmonella assay
reaui ring smaller sample volumes.
Alfheim If Becher Gf Hongslo JKf Rsmdahl T
Environ Mutagen 1984, 6 (1) P91-102, ISSN 0192-2521 Journal Code:
Languages.4 ENGLISH
Organic extracts of emissions from wood combustion hove been fractionated
by hi ah performance liauid chromatography (HPLC) into 25-28 fractions, E.nii
fraction was tested for mutagenic activity in a modified Ames
Salmonella/microsome bioassas reouirina one-third of the test volumes
needed for the ususal test. Direct mutagenic activity was noted
predominantly in the most polar fractions* whereas indirect mutagen i c
activity was associated with the fractions containing polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (F'AH) and with polar fractions probably consisting of
aza-arenes and aromatic amines,
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7.
06174995 87148995
Mutagenicity assay of emission extracts from wood stoves? comparison with
other emission parameters.
Lofroth G* Lazaridis G* Rudlina L
Nordic School of Public Health* Gothenburg* Sweden.
Sci Total Environ (NETHERLANDS) Dec 31 1986* 58 (3) P199-208* ISSN
0048-9697 Journal Code! UJO
Languages! ENGLISH
The emission from wood stoves of several tyres of air pollutants has been
measured under standardized burning conditions with emphasis on the amount
of organic compounds and determination of the mutagenic activity with the
Salmonella /microsome assay. The study corroborates earlier firidinas that
conventional wood stoves can be a significant, source of hydrocarbon arid tar
compounds in the ambient air. The emission of mutagenic compounds comprise
both compounds reouirina mammalian activation and compounds which are
active in the test without exogenous activation. The mutagen i c i t tei ts
show that nitroaromatic compounds are present in wood stove emissions*
although the emission of nitrogen oxides is low. A wood stove constructed
using the downdraft principle emitted much less hydrocarbons and tar* less
mutagenic components and slightly less carbon monoxide than conventional
wood stoves.
0184461 *86-056040
ASSESSING "I HE IMPACT OF RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION USING A SOURCE AND
RECEPTOR MODEL*
ttfcfERS RICHARD L.
AL.AKA PACIFIC UNIV*
J E-NV HEALTH* SEP-0CT 85* V48* N2* P62<5>
JOURNAL ARTICLE TWO INDEPENDENT MODELS ARE USED TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT
L)F RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION ON WINTER PARTICULATE LEVELS IN EAGLE RIVER*
AK. A SOURCE EMISSION MODEL BASED ON A WORST CASE CONDITION FOR WOOD
BURNING INDICATED THAT ABOUT 70% OF THE PREDICTED WINTER PARTICULATE LEVEL
OF 140 MG/CU M IS DUE TO RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION. A RECEPTOR MODEL
ACCURATELY PREDICTED TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER CONCENTRATIONS* AND
PARTICULATES COULD BE APPORTIONED BETWEEN MAJOR SOURCES.
86-07758
S l ns of emission
K e o u g h * J .
Address not stated
ENERGY REV VOL. 13* NO. 2* p. 59* Publ.Yr? 1986
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
Languages? ENGLISH
Heating with wood saves about 100 million bbl of oil/year* according to
the Wood Heating Alliance. The stoves also produce an enourmous amount of
air pollution* including polycyclic organic matter (POM) which contains
carcinogens. Wood stoves could be emitting 7 million tons of particulate
matter-52*000 tons of (POM)* 19 million tons uf carbon monoxide* and
159*000 tons of hydrocarbons-into the atmosphere yearly by 2005* according
to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates. States* the wood stove
industry* and the EPA are concerned about the pollution. Some states arid
cities have adopted emission standards or banned wood-burning under certain
conditions. Prodded by lawsuits brought by New York and the Natural
Resources Defense Council* the EPA intends to propose national emission
standards during January 1987. Catalytic combustors can cut particulate
emissions by as much as 86 percent* while increasing thermal efficiency by
20-30 percent. This article appeared in Sierra 71(1) Jari./Feb. 1986* 22-27.
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8.
07-00056
Receptor- modeling study of Denver winter hsze
L g w 1 <_> * C . U. * Bsumga rdne r * R . E . * Stevens* R . K . » Russuurui» G. M.
A t m o s . Sci . Res. Lab.* U.S. E F' A» Research Triangle Perk * NC 27711* USA
ENVIRON, SCI. TECHNQL VOL. 20i NO. lit pp, 1126-1136* F'ubl.Yri 1986
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
Languages? ENGLISH
A multiple-regression sinale-element tracer method in combination with SO
3r,d N0 sub(::) emissions inventory scaling was used to estimate
i.ouffL- contributions to fine and coarse aerosol mass and light extinction*
Ul Denver during January 1982. Motor vehicles were the laraest
.:mmL nbutor to average fine partice mass (42%) and daytime light extinction
<4//. j. Electric power feneration was next largest* at 23% and 44?.*
respectively. Wood burning contributed 122 and 14X* respectively. The
electric power contribution estimate was based entirely on emission
inventory scaling and thus correspondingly more uncertain. Fine mass
concentrations averaged only half as large as those measured in a similar
field study conducted ir, late 1978. Dunn* h 1 ah-Pol 1 ut 1 on Periods, the
mo 01 vehicle impact during the day and the woodsmoke impact during the
rught were relatively greater than their averages.
76076140 v4nl0
Mechanisms of particle entrainment Z combustion & how they affect
emissions from wood-waste fired boilers
A d am s * T.N.
7th Biennial National Waste Processing Conference & Exhibit (formerly
National Incinerator Conference) A762147 Boston* Massachusetts
23-26 May 76
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Papers in 1976 ASME National Waste Processing Conference Proceeding"
(Book No. 100096)* May 765 $22.50 to ASME members* $45 to non-members
(includes Discussions Booklet to be published Nov 76): ASME Order Dept.*
345 East 47th Street* New York* N. Y. 10017* USA.
7/7/5
86-07782
G^eous tracers ir. receptor modeling: Methyl chloride emission from wood
combust i on
Edgerton* S.A.
Oregon Grad. Cent.* OR* USA 4
DISS. ABST. INT. PT. B - SCI. I ENG VOL. 46* NO. 12* pt.l* Publ.Yr.
1986
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH* Order No. FAD DA8523662.
Languages! ENGLISH . . licird
The mode 1 and the statistical and experin.er.tsl technioues for using
gaseous species to trace sources of particulate sir pollution are
developed. The model is implemented in a simple environment and the results
are compared with those obtained from the concurrent application of other
models. In particular* measurements of elevated concent rati oris of the gas
methyl chloride* CH sub(3)Cl* in the Portland* Oregon area are used to
Quantify the contribution of residential wood combustion to fine
particulate pollution. The method reouires accurate measurements of the gas
to aerosol ratios in the source emissions and knowledge of all sources
contributing to the ambient concentrations of the gases.
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9.
87-00071
Particulate* carbon mono:: ide * and scid emission factors for residential
wood burning stoves
Burnet* P . G . * Edmisten* N . G . * T i e g s * P »E. f H o u c k * J . E . * Yoder i R. A .
OMNI Environ. Serv. Inc.* 10950 S.U. Fifth St.» Suite 1£0* Beaverton* OR
97005- USA
J, AIR P0LLUT. CONTROL ASSOC VOL. 36* NO. 9, pp. 1012-1018*
Pub] ,Yr J 1936
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
Languages! ENGLISH
Emissions from residential wood burning stoves are of increasing concern
in many areas. This concern is due to the magnitude of the emissions arid
the tonic and chemical characteristics of the pollutants. Recent testing of
rJ andard and new technology woodstoves has provided data for developing a
f;¦ rrn 1 y of particulate and carbon monoxide emission factor curve:. This
testing has also provided data ill u strati rig the acidity of woodstove
emissions. The particulate and carbon monoxide curves relate the actual
stove emissions to the stove sire and operating parameters of burn rate*
fuel loading* and fuel moisture. Curves relating stove types to the acidity
of emissions have also been constructed. Test data show actual emissions
v?ry from 3 to 50 grams per kilogram for particles and from 50 to 300 grams
per kilogram for carbon monoxide. Since woodstove emissions are the largest
single category of particulate emissions in many areas* it is essential
that these emissions be Quantified specifically for geographic regions*
allowing meaningful impact analysis modeling to be accomp1ished. Emission
factor? for particles and carbon monoxide are presented from several stove
sizes and burn rates.
87-00295
Ubiauitous occurrence of 2-nitrof1uoranthene and 2-nitrorarene in air
R3mdah] * T.» Zielinska* B. 5 Arey* J.* Atkinson* R.* Winer* A.M.* Pitts-
J.N.* Jr.
Statewide Air Pollut. Res. Cent.* Univ. California* Riverside* CA 92521*
USA
NATURE VOL. 321* NO. 6068* pp. 425-427* Publ.Yri 1986
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
Languages: ENGLISH
Several nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-PAH) ere
d i mct-3ct i ng mutagens and/or ca rc i nogenes * arid are important constituents
nf combustion emissions and ambient air. The<:e nitro-PAH are emitted from
various combustion sources including gasoline and diesel engine exhaust*
aluminium smelting effluent* coal fly ash* wood smoke* and cigarette smoke
condensates. Of these* diesel engine exhaust is the best characterised-
more than 50 nitrated polycyclic aromatic compounds having been identified
by Paputa-Peck. et al.* including 1 -n i t ropy rene (1-NP) as the single most
abundant nitro-PAH. Evidence of the atmospheric formation of nitro-PAH has
come only recently* from observations that 2-nitropyrene (2-NP) end
2-nitrofluorantherie (2-NF) neither of which has been reported to be emitted
from combustion sources* are among the major rut.ro-PAH present in ambient
sir. The authors present data from several locations which demonstrate that
the^p two atmospherically formed nitro-PAH are ubiauitous in trophospheric
ambient air.
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10.
R7-00275
Source emission characterization of residential wood-burning stoves and
fireplaces! Fine r- 3 r t i c 1 e/me t hs 1 chloride ratios for use in chemical ma^s
balance iti o d e 1 i n 3
Fdgerton? S.A.? Khalil? M.A.K.? Racmussen ? R.A.
Environ. Rhys. and Chem. Sect.? Battelle Columbus Div.? Columbus* OH
43201- USA
ENVIRON. SCI. TECHNOL VOL, 20? NO. 8? pp. 803-807, Publ.Yr! 1986
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
Languages! ENGLISH
The results of an experiment to determine the ratio of fine aerosol to
methyl chloride in residential wood burning are presented. Accurate
measu remen ts of this ratio are necessary for receptor models that use
m€>thyl chloride as a uniaue tracer of woodsmoke and for chemical mass
balance (CMB) models that include methyl chloride in the wood-burning
source composition matrix. It is demonstrated how the values of the fine
particle to methyl chloride ratios for various types of wood and burn
conditions may be used in a stratified sampling scheme to determine 3
composite value of the ratio. The ratio is used in 3 CMB calculation to
estimate the wood-burnins contribution to fine particulate concentrations
in a residential neighborhood. Ratios of several hydrocarbon asses to CO
<;ub(2) in residential wood burning are also presented for use in models
that may attempt source reconci1 at ion of hydrocarbon species.
5/7/7
(30070330 v8n?
Air emissions from combustion of wood in spsce-hesting stoves
Hu'lhes • T. W .
M11 n s 3 n t o - E ri v i ron mental
7 r d Annual Air Pollution Control Association Meeting t Exhibition 802
0134 Montreal? Canada 22-27 Jun 80
rt)r Pollution Control Association
Paper Not 80-15.4
Abstracts (En 3) in booklet form? 15 Jul 80? $5.00* APCA? P «0< Bo;; 2861?
Pittsburgh? PA 15230. Papers (End) ordered individually? 14 Jul 80? $3.50
per paper prepaid! Publications Dept.? APCA? above.
Languages! English
Doc Type! CONFERENCE PAPER'
80070161 v8n9
Particulate emissions from wood burning and the implications for health
Butcher? S. S.
Rowdoin College
73rd Annual Air Pollution Control Association Meeting & Exhibition 802
0384 Montreal? Canada 22-27 Jun 80
Air Pollution Control Association
P-?per No! 80-22.5
Abstracts (Eng) in booklet form? 15 Jul 80? $5.00! APCA? P.O. Box 2861?
Pittsburgh? PA 15230. Papers (Eng) ordered individually? 14 Jul 80? $3.50
Ver paper prepaid! Publications E' e p t. ? APCA? above.
Languages! English
Doc Type! CONFERENCE PAPER
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11.
8102555? v9n3
The contribution of wood combustion to national pollutant emissions
J M. ? Allen? J . M . ? Graham? M.S.? Knight? C . V. ? Knight? D.K.? K u b e r g ?
D. W .
Battelle's Columbus Lab.
American Chemical Society 184th National Meeting 8230001 Kansas City?
M0 12-17 Sep 82
American Chemical Society (ACS)
For information please contact? American Chemical Society? A.T. Winstead?
1155 16th St. NU? Washington? DC 20036? USA
Languages? ENGLISH
83039402 V11N7
A comparison of emissions from residential wood/coal stoves and a
residential wood-chip burner
Trupsdale? R.S.
Res. Triangle Inst.
Stationery Combustion NO sub(x) Control 1982 Joint Symposium 8245022
Del les? TX 1-4 Nov 82
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)? Electric Power Research Institute
(EPRI)
1983? Proceedings available? Ms. Janet Runysri? Acurex Corporation? 485
Clyde Ave.? Mountain View? CA 94042? USA? Price? $40.00
Languages? ENGLISH
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12.
(33027722 V11N6
Characterization of wood combustion emissions
Guentheri F.R.* Chesler* S.N.
0 r 3 ? n i c A n a 1 y . Res. D i v . * Natl. Bureau Standards* Uashin3ton* DC 20234
Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy* 34th Pittsburgh Conference
;rid Fxposition 8310046 Atlantic City* NJ 7-12 Mar 83
Society for Analytical Chemists of Pittsburgh (SACP)* Spectroscopy
Society of Pittsburgh (SSP)
Abstracts booklet available to conference registrants. For information on
individual papers please contact authors directly
Languages.' ENGLISH
86-0455?
Uood smoke? Measurement of the mutagenic activities of its ars- arid
psrticulate-phase photooxidation products
Kleindienst* T . E . * Shepson i P.P.* E d n e y * E . 0 i * C1 a x t o n * L . D . * C u p i 11 *
L . T .
Northrop Serv.* Inc.* Environ. Sci.» Research Triangle Park* NC 27709*
USA
ENVIRON. SCI. TECHN0L VOL. 20* NO. 5* pp. 493-501* Publ.Yr? 1986
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
1. ^n^u3f!es! ENGLISH
Dilute mixtures of wood combustion emissions were irradiated in a 22.7-m super(3) Teflon smoa chamber, The
effluent was tested for mutagenic activity by exposing Salmonella
typhimurium)* strains TA100 and TA98* to the filtered aas-phase components.
The particulate matter was tested by usina the plate incorporation
procedure. Without added NO sub(,\')r irradiated dilute wood smoke showed s
measurable increase in mutagenic activity for acs-phsse products only.
Additional NO sub<;;) was added in other i rrsdiatioris to enhance the
formation of aas- and particulate-phase products. Although only lower arid
upper limits were obtainable* the das-phase products showed considerably
more activity (1.1-8.2 revertants/ mu a) in TA100 exposures than did the
particulate product extracts. IJith TA98 the activities of both phases were
comparable on a mass basis. Since the total Quantity of das-phase
components W3S greater than the psrticulate-phase components* the mutagenic
0185041 *86-061445
I HE MAKING OF AN EMISSIONS STANDARD*
h ING JIM
niLQRADO DEF'T OF HEALTH*
wnon N ENERGY* MAR 86* V6 ? N4* P60C4)
.MiUfcNAL ARTICLE AN ADVISORY COMMITTEE FORMED UNDER THE COLORADO AIP
QUALITY COMMISSION IN 1981 FOUND THAT RESIDENTIAL WOOD- AND COAL-BURNING
"SYSTEMS CONTRIBUTE TO VISIBILITY IMPAIRMENT AND TOTAL PARTICULATE
"CONCENTRATIONS. REGULATIONS WERE THEN IMPLEMENTED TO ESTABLISH EMISSION
(STANDARDS FOR RESIDENTIAL UOOD STOVES. A UOOD STOVE CERTIFICATION PROGRAM
WAS ALSO INITIATED. DEBATE BETWEEN REGULATORS AND POLICY MAKERS OVER
PARTICULATE COLLECTION AND FUEL LOADING TEST METHODS IS CHRONICLED.
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13.
1170314 DE86002025/XAB
Enplrlcal Analysis of Residential Woodburnlng Impacts
Llpfert. F. W. : Dupuls, L. R. : Daum. M. ; Srackangast, A.
Brookhaven National Lab.. Upton, NY.
Corp. Source Codes: 004545000; 0936000
Sponsor: Department of Energy. Washington, DC.
Report No.. BNL-51829
Oct 84 41p
Languages: English
NTIS Prices: PC A03/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8606;
NSA1100
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC02-76CH00016
An analysis Is presented of a 1r-qua11ty-re 1 ated problems
associated with use of residential firewood, with emphasis on
the intermounta1n region of the Western United States (defined
as that region between the Continental Divide and the
Cascade/Sierra Mountains. Meteorological dispersion
characteristics are analyzed and compared as are measured
particulate concentrations. A new algorithm for the prediction
of county level wood usage is developed, and results are
presented for the entire country. The intermountaln region is
shown to have the highest potential for air pollution Impacts
due to space heating. and the available particulate
measurements confirm this finding. Specific Impacts due to
wood combustion are not presented, however, pending
development of usage Information on a subcounty level. Since
the most severe Impacts from residential wood combustion
appear to be confined to this one geographic region, a state
or local approach to regulation of wood combustion air
pollution appears to be more appropriate than a Federal level
approach. However, urban air quality Impacts should be
reanalyzed with the new usage data before this recommendation
1s final. (ERA citation 11:003747)
1143544 PB85-218816/XAB
Emission Control Effectiveness of a Woodstove Catalyst and
Emission Measurement Methods Comparison
McCr1111s. R. C. : Merrill, R. G.
Environmental Protection Agency. Research Triangle Park. NC.
Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Corp. Source Codes: 034680076
Report No.: EPA/600/D-85/132
1985 19p
Languages: English
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8521
Country of Publication: United States
The paper gi^es results of measurements of emissions from a
prototype catalytic and a generic noncatalytic stove over a
range of burnrates. For the catalytic stove, simultaneous EPA
Modified Method 5 (MM5) samples were obtained before the
catalyst and in the stack. For both stoves, Oregon Method 7
(0M7) and Condar dilution samplers (CDS) were operated
simultaneously with the MM5 train at the stack location.
Volatile organic samples were obtained by integrated bag
sampler at the stack location. Results show a generally
predictable correlation between MM5, 0M7 and CDS results.
Emission rates, based on MM5. were about twice those based on
0M7 and CDS. Catalyst emission reduction effectiveness (by
MM5) ranged from 72 to 98%. Catalyst Inlet emissions appear to
be affected by the test sequence: a high burnrate test
produced higher emissions when preceded by a low burnrate test
-than when preceded by a high burnrate test. Volatile organic
emissions were about the same at all burnrate on the catalytic
stove and at ^low burnrates on the noncatalytic stove. At a
high burnrate. the noncatalytic stove produced substantially
less. All MM5 samples tested positive for polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons.
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1093154 PB85-105336/XAB
Character1za t i on of Emissions from the Combustion of Wood
and Alternative Fuels in a Residential Woodstove
(Final rept. Feb 81-Mar 84)
Truesda1e. R. S. : Mack. K. L. : White, d. B. ; Leese, K. E
CI el and. J. G. .
Research Triangle Inst.. Research Tr,angle Park. NC.
Corp. Source Codes: 045968000
Sponsor- Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Report No.: RTI/1914-39-01F; EPA/600/7-84/094
Sep 84 143p
Languages: English
NTIS Prices: PC A07/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8501
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EPA-68-02-3170
The report gives results of a comparison of emissions from
the combustion of alternative fuels to those from wood 1n a
residential woodstove, and of a study of the effects of
woodstove operating parameters on combustion emissions.
Overall, oak wood Is the best fuel tested, considering both
emissions and stove operation. Compressed wood logs with
binders and bituminous coal produce the highest emissions of
S02. particulate, and NOx. Compressed wood logs without
binders and treated lumber produce the highest PAH emissions.
Important parameters affecting CO emission levels are fuel
structure and, to a lesser degree, combustion air flow. S02
emission levels are related directly to fuel sulfur content.
NOx emissions are controlled by fuel nitrogen content and
combustion air flow rate. Organic emissions are affected by
fuel consumption rate, fuel structure, and the amount of air
through the stove. Total discharge severities for PAHs
measured during this study Indicate that PAHs are the
pollutants of highest concern In the flue gas effluent stream.
PAH formation is affected by combustion air flow, firebox
temperature, and fuel structure. Bloassay results indicate the
presence of both mutagens and promutagens In the organic
extracts of flue gas samples from both wood and coal
combustion tests.
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