1979 Bibliography
of
Small Wastewater Flows
Compiled by
The Professional Staff
€PA Smoll Wastewater Flows
Clearinghouse
€Pfl Small Wastewater Flows Clearinghouse
Centennial House
West Virginia University
Morgantown, UUV 26506

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'\\Vj
.vBtlc3>
1979 Bibliography
of
Small Wastewater Flows
EPA Grant No. R-806526-01
Compiled by
The Professional Staff
EPA Small Wastewater Clows
Clearinghouse
EPA Small Wastewater Flows Clearinghouse
Centennial House
West Virginia University
Morgantown, WV 26506
Region III Library
Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. Environments! Protection Agency
Rdglon HI Information Resource
Center (3PM52)
841 Chestnut Street
Phftatopfaia, PA 1910/

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i
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The contents of this publication were prepared under a grant (R-806526-01)
funded by the Environmental Protection Agency under the authority of and as
provided by the 1977 Clean Water Act.
This volume was compiled, edited and published through the combined
efforts of the EPA Small Wastewater Flows Clearinghouse professional staff.
Since the formation of the Clearinghouse, the goal has been to assemble a valid
data base to assist all persons concerned with small wastewater flows.
The following people participated in the production of the 1979 volume:
Denis J. Lussier, Technical Project Officer, Environmental Protection Agency
James F. Kreissl, Technical Consultant, Environmental Protection Agency
John Brewer, Enviro Control, Inc.
M. Dayne Aldridge, Project Director, WVU Energy Research Center
Marian L. Jones, Project Manager, WVU Energy Research Center and EPA Small
Wastewater Flows Clearinghouse
Roman J. Olynyk, Technical Editor, WVU Energy Research Center and EPA Small
Wastewater Flows Clearinghouse
Clearinghouse Staff
Senior Scientists
Lindsay A. Triplett
Cheryl D. Buckley
Janet G. Jenkins
Sheila L. Wolfe
Graduate Assistants
Raul Zaltzman, Civil Engineering
Charles R. Jenkins, Civil Engineering
Paul G. Moe, Agricultural Science
William A. Sack, Civil Engineering
Willem A. van Eck, Agricultural Science
Computer Consultants
Tara Lanier
Nancy Lorince
Greg White
Linda Wigington
Yenumula V. Reddy
Ramarao G. Hota
DISCLAIMER
This publication contains materials prepared for the Environmental
Protection Agency Technology Transfer Program, and approved for publication.
Approval does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and
policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade
names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.

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ii
PREFACE
This publication contains abstracts and indexes of alternative treatment
and collection systems from domestic and foreign literature as searched by
Enviro Control, Inc., and the professional staff of the EPA Small Wastewater
Flows Clearinghouse (SWF). Both technical and non-technical reports and
information are included.
The subject matter researched includes innovative and alternative
wastewater treatment systems for small communities, the sparsely populated
areas of larger communities and individual on-site systems.
This bibliography contains information that is applicable to:
-	septic tanks and subsurface disposal systems;
-	other on-site systems, Including dual systems;
-	small systems serving clusters consisting of a small number of
households or commercial users, each user with average annual dry
weather flows of under 25,000 gallons per day;
-	six-inch and smaller gravity sewers carrying partially or fully treated
wastewater or carrying raw wastewater as part of limited conveyance
systems which serve clusters of households and small commercial
establishments;
-	pressure and vacuum sewers;
-	the above and other alternative sewers that are specifically exempted
from the collector sewer interceptor designations and that are not the
subject of EPA collection system policy; and
-	other treatment or conveyance works that employ alternative technologies
and that serve communities with populations of 3,500 or less or the
sparsely populated areas of larger communities.
This is the first publication, and each year a revised and updated edition
will be made available to the public.

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iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS	i
DISCLAIMER	i
PREFACE	ii
HOW TO USE THE COMPILATION	1
HOW TO USE THE INDEXES	2
ORDERING INFORMATION	3
ABSTRACT LISTING	4
TITLE INDEX	113
AUTHOR INDEX	128
STATE INDEX	136
TAXONOMY INDEX	137

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HOW TO USE THE COMPILATION
Each abstract is listed by accession number in the abstract entry section.
A sample abstract is provided below to show how to locate items in the abstract
listing.
1 &
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
ACC# :
AUTHOR:
AFFIL :
TITLE :
SOURCE:
COST
YEAR
TEXT
10. CON
L000001 *
Fripp, J.L., Jr.
Georgia Department of Transportation, Atlanta, GA
Centralized Management of Small Plants
National Conference on Less Costly Wastewater Treatment
Systems for Small Communities; 1977; pp. 77-79 (EPA-600/
9-79-010; NTIS Report No. PB 293 254/AS)
$6.50
1978
Describes Georgia's system of dealing with safety rest
area wastewater treatment plants. Plants are septic
tanks, activated sludge followed by secondary treatment
by polishing ponds, and activated sludge followed by
rapid sand filtration. Presents the major topics
considered in constructing and successfully operating
small treatment plants. (SWF)
NTIS
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
1.	SWF accession number - - identification number sequentially assigned to
documents as they are processed. The accession number refers to the entry
in the abstract section where the complete bibliographic information, the
abstract of the document and the availability of the information can be
found.
2.	* - The asterisk denotes that the document is reported by the National
Technical Information Service as being available, but a copy is not
available in the SWF Clearinghouse. When the accession numbwer has no
asterisk, a copy of the publication is stored in the Clearinghouse.
3.	Author(s) name.
4.	Author's affiliation as indicated on publication.
5.	Title of publication.
6.	Source of publication (book, journal, report, proceedings), publisher and
number of pages.
7.	Cost from contact cited. SWF price code is listed and the code is explained
in the section "ORDERING INFORMATION"
8.	Date published.
9.	Text 	 the abstract.
10. Con 	 contact where document may be obtained.

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2
HOW TO USE THE INDEXES
Users can identify documents of interest by scanning the abstract listings
or by using the title index (listed by order of accession number), the taxonomy
index, the author index or the state index.
Title Index
The title index is arranged by accession number for easy cross-reference
from the numbers in other indexes.
Taxonomy Index
The taxonomy index enables the user to search for information in either a
general or a specific subject area. An accession number is included for each
document under the subject heading.
Author Index
Documents can be located by the name of the author. Accession numbers are
provided as in the taxonomy index.
State Index
Accession numbers are listed under the names of the states. These entries
refer to information specifically concerned with the individual state under
which it is listed.

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3
ORDERING INFORMATION
The citation contains a contact source where the document can be obtained.
Libraries are the recommended source of the documents listed in the
Bibliography.
One photocopy of a document listed without an asterisk following the
accession number can be obtained from SWF Clearinghouse subject to copyright
law limitations. The reproduction costs are cited below and are based on the
number of pages in the documents. Number of pages for each document is notd ate
the end of each source citation, so the price for reproduction can be
determined by using the following scale:
Photocopies
Number of pages
Price (Includes postage)
1 - 25
26 - 50
51 - 75
76 - 100
Each additional 25 pages
$1.75
2.50
3. 50
4.75
1.35
Address orders to:	EPA Small Wastewater Flows Clearinghouse
Centennial House
West Virginia University
Morgantown, WV 26506
Orders must specify:	Accession number of document and your name and
address.
Method of payment:	Enclose check or money order payable to:
West Virginia University
Additional copies of the 1979 Bibliography of Small Wastewater Flows
may be obtained by sending your name, address, and seven dollars* to:
West Virginia University Bookstore
West Virginia University
Morgantown, WV 26506
* Make check payable to WVU Bookstore

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ABSTRACT LISTIRG
ACC# : L000001
AOTHOB: Fripp, J.L., Jr.
AFFIL : Georgia Department of Transportation, Atlanta, 6A
TITLB ; Centralized Hanagenent; of Snail Plants
SOURCE: Rational Conference on Less costly wastewater Treatment Systems for
Snail Communities; 1977; pp. 77-79 (EPA-600/9-79-010; BTIS Report Ho.
PB 293 254/AS)
COST : $6.50
TBAB : 1978
TBXT : Describes Georgia's system of dealing with safety rest area wastewater
treatment plants. Plants are septic tanks, activated sludge followed by
secondary treatment by polishing ponds, and activated sludge followed by
rapid sand filtration. Presents the najor topics considered in con-
structing and successfully operating snail treatment plants. (SUP)
COW : BTIS
5285 Port Foyal Boad
Springfield, VA 22161
ICC* : L000002
AOTHOB: Kalb, K.B.; Bernardin, F.E.; Coviello, A.J.
AFFIL : Thetford Corp., Haste Treatment Products Division, Ann Arbor, HI
TITLE : Effects of Toilet Usage Patterns on Onsite Treatment Systens
SOOBCE: Individual Onsite Wastewater Systens; Proceedings of the Fourth Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1977; pp. 153-166
TBAB s 1978
TBXT : The design of an on-site wastewater treatment facility should consider
toilet usage patterns. Patterns vary widely, it was found that a
fivefold difference in organic or hydraulic loading can be experienced,
depending on the type of facility. Toilet usage in a household, a
factory, an office, and public restroons was deternined. The usage
patterns were sonitored fron five weeks to sixteen nonths. Statistics
and tables were presented for toilet uses per capita, per hour per day,
per day per week, and per nonth per year. Implication of use patterns
on design of treatment facilities were discussed. (SWF)
COR : Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, HI 48106
ACCI : 1.000003
AUTHOR: Guttornsen, D.
AFFU : Agriculture University, Institute of Hicrobiology, As, Worway
TITLB : Sone Aspects of Composting Toilets with Specific Reference to Their
Function and Practical Applications in Horway
SOOBCE: Individual Onsite Rastewater Systens; Proceedings of the Fourth Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1977; pp. 145-151
YEAR : 1978
TBXT : Presents the results of perfornance tests on the 21 nodels of conposting
toilet* available commercially in Rorway. Host nodels neet, or nearly
meet, the criteria established by the Horld Health Organization. The
toilets were separated into three najor groups by structure and nethod
of operation. The groups were the large box type, the large sloping
floor type, and the snail toilets with electric heating elenents. Each
toilet was operated for 150 days. The following parameters were re-
corded: weight reduction in the waste, tenperature in the conposting
container, numbers of E. coli, and the survival of salnonella and
poliovirus. (SRF)
COR : Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, HI 48106
L000004
Abney, J.L.
Parrott, Ely s Hurt Consulting Engineers; Lexington, Itr
Integration of Onsite Disposal in a 201 Facilities Plan
individual Onsite Rastewater Systens; Proceedings of the Third Rational
Conference: Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1976; pp. 277-299
1977
Presents an alternative for elininating inefficient disposal without
installing a centralized collection and treatment system. The system
consists of individual septic tanks, effluent sewers, and clustered sub-
surface disposal sites. Includes detailed construction costs and a
sumnary of the possible effects of inplementing the system. (SWF)
Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, HI 48106
ACC# : L000005
AOTHOB: Raldorf, L.E.
AFFIL : Appalachian Regional Connission, Washington, D.c.
TITLE : The Boyd County Demonstration Project - A System Approach to Individual
Bural sanitation (An Opdate)
ACC* :
AOTHOB:
AFFIL :
TITLB :
SOOBCE:
TBAB :
TEXT :
COR

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5
SOURCE: Individual Onsite Wastewater Systems; Proceedings of the Third Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1976; pp. 235-243
TEA ft : 1977
TEXT : 1 systems approach to individual hone treatment of wastewater was
attempted at the Boyd county, Kentucky demonstration project. By
foraing a sewer district, individual systeas can be collectively
financed and aanaged without using conventional centralized treatment.
The project uses aerobic systeas with a coabination of subsurface
disposal, spray irrigation, streaa discharge, recycled wastewater and
evapotranspiration. Experience obtained, recoaaendations for siailar
projects and sources of funding are described. (SWF)
COR : Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, HI 48106
ACC* ; L000006
AUTHOR! Carcich, I.e.; Hetling, L.J.; Farrell, R.P.
AFFIX : EPA, Washington, D.C.
TITLE : A Pressure Sewer Systea Demonstration
SOURCE: RTIS Report Ruaber PB-214 409/5 (BPA/R2-72-091), (GPO Stock Ruaber
BP1.23/2;72-091); 225 pages
TEAR S 1972
TEXT : A field deaonstration of 12 Grinder Puap (GP) units was perforaed for
a 13 aonth period in Albany, Rew iork. Pressures, water usage, operating
tiaa, overflow occurrences, total nuaber of operations, and siaultaneous
operations were reported for the duration of the project. The proto-
type GP units registered an undesirably high number of aalfanctions:
loss of prine by puap, and grease clogging of pressure sensing tube.
The effectiveness of asail, non-metallic pipes transporting aacerated
wastewater under pressure was successfully demonstrated. Extensive
cheaical saapling proved that pressure sewer waste was 100 percent
stronger but contained 50 percent less contaainants on a ga/capita/day
basis. Settleability tests on the pressure sewer waste showedno
significant differences over conventional wastewater. (SRP)
COR : RTIS
5285 Port Royal Rd.
Springfield, VA 22161
ACC# : 1000007
AUTHOR: Hudson, J.F.
AFFI1 : Urban systeas Research 8 Engineering, Inc.; Cambridge, HA
\/ TITLE : Environmental impact of on-site Systems
SOURCE: Rational Conference on Less Costly Rastewater Treataent Systeas for
Snail Coaaunities; 1977; pp. 29-32 (EPA-600/9-79-010; RTIS Report Ho.
PB 293 254/AS)
COST : $6.50
TEAR : 1978
TEXT : Discusses the environmental impacts of making on-site treatment systems,
especially septic tank systeas,- aore coaaon. Failures caused by lack of
aaintenance, probleas related to septage treatment and disposal, the
economic effects of on-site versus conventional systems, and ways to
avoid adverse environmental impacts of septic tanks are described. (SRP)
COR : RTIS
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
ACC* : L000008
AUTHOR: Forren, R.K.
AFFIL : Rest Virginia state Departaent of Health, East Charleston, RV
TITLE : Certification of Contractors
SOURCE: Individual Onsite Rastewater Systeas; Proceedings of the Fourth Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1977; pp. 119-121
TXAR : 1978
Text : Briefly presents Rest Virginia's contract certification prograa for
septic tank installecs. After two years of iBfleeeating a contract
certification prograa, sanitarians la lest Virginia are reporting a
significant iaproveaent in the quality and design of septic tank systeas
inspected in the field. (SRF)
COR : Ann Arbor Science Publishers, lac.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, HI 48106
ACC* l	L000009
AUTHOR:	Pearson, K.C.
AFFIL :	Interlink Life Support Systeas, Inc., Costa Hesa, CA
TITLE :	Innovation in Rastewater Technology: The Challenge of the 1980*s
SOURCE:	Individual Onsite Rastewater Systeas; Proceedings of the Third Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1976; pp. 301-305
TEAR :	1977

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6
TEXT : Presents a snuir; of the three levels or resistance to the widespread
use of on-site sewage treatment. The levels are aesthetic and functional
performance, skepticism of a large proportion of public health bodies in
the country, and the political problems of conflicting views of various
groups. Each aspect is briefly presented. (SRF)
CO* : Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann arbor, HI 48106
ICC# : L000010
AOTHOB: Converse, J.C.; Otis, B.J.; Bouaa, J.
AFFI1 : University of Risconsin, Hadison, tl
TITLE : Design and Construction Procedures for Pill Systeas in Perneable Soils
with High Rater Tables
SOURCE: Saall Scale Waste Hanageaent Project; University of Risconsin;30 pages
TEAR : 1975
TEXT : Describes design and construction procedures for a fill (sound) systea
allowing the disposal and treataent of doaestic wastewater when less
than three feet of peraeable soil (percolation rate faster than 60
ainutes/inch) are present between the bottoa of the seepage bed and high
groundwater. Includes saaple plans and tables for the design of a fill
systea for level or sloping ground. Though it is experiaental, the
systea design was based on research findings conducted over a four-year
period. (SWF)
COR : saall Scale Waste Hanageaent Project
1 agriculture Hall
University of Risconsin
Hadison, RI 53706
ICC# : 1000011
AOTHOB: Toppan, R.C.
AFFIL : Department of Buaan Services, Augusta, HE
TITLE t State agency Hanageaent Plans and Approval Practices for Haine
SOOBCE: Individual Onsite Wastewater Systeas; Proceedings of the Third Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1976; pp. 215-219
TEaB : 1977
TEXT : The development of Haine's on-site wastewater treataent and disposal
regulations is described. Since 1974 a statewide perait procedure,
enforced by licensed pluabing inspectors, has been used. Provisions for
greywater disposal, aalfunctioning existing systeas and experiaental
systeas are briefly discussed. (SRF)
COR : Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann arbor, HI 48106
acc# : L000012
AOTHOB: Bowne, R.c.
AFFIL : Oregon Department of Public works, Douglas county, OB
TITLE : Collection alternative: The Pressure Sewer
SOOBCE: Individual Onsite Rastewater Systeas; Proceedings of the Third Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1976; pp. 171-186
TEaB : 1977
TEXT : Dessribes the use of pressure sewers as a collection alternative in
Slide, Oregon to replace drainfields of which 60 percent showed
evidence of failure. Presents the hardware and aaintenance requirements,
costs, and various applications of pressure sewer systeas. (SRF)
COR : ann arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann arbor, HI 48106
ACC# : L000013
AOTHOB: Beed, S.I.
AFFIL : Departaent of Social and Health Services, Olyapia, WA
TITLE : State Prograas and Perspectives
SOOBCE: Individual Onsite Wastewater Systeas; Proceedings of the Fourth Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1977; pp. ?7-34
TEAB : 1978
TEXT : Identifies the shortcoaings of relying on detailed coapliance standards
in the rapidly evolving field of on-site wastewater treataent. Becoa-
aends the increased use of perforaance standards as an alternative. The
aajor role of federal, state and local environaental health organiza-
tions ,should be to provide leadership for public involveaent and for the
cooperation of all concerned parties in deteraining priorities and
goals. (SRF)
COR : Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, HI 48106
ACC# : 1000014
AOTHOB: Helbourn, J.; Quick, G.
AFFIL : Departaent of Public Health, San Diego, CA

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7
TITLE : Local Experiences with alternative Systems: Salvation, Circumvention, or
Cop-Out
SOURCE: Individual Onsite wastewater Systems; Proceedings of the Fourth national
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation: 1977* dd 35-40
YEAH : 1978	v
TEXT : Discusses circumstances leading to the increased use of individual on-
site wastewater treatment in California. Septic tank soil absorption
system design criteria, alternative sewage system requirements and pro-
posed research topics concerning the use of individual sewaqe disposal
are identified. (SWF)	*
COB : inn Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
inn arbor, HI 48106
ACC# : L000015
&0THOB: Feige, W.A.; Oppelt, E.T.; Kreissl, J.F.
AFFIL : Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OR
TITLE : An Alternative Septage Treatment Hethod: Lime Stabilization/Sand-Bed
Dewatering
SOURCE: Mis Report Ro. PB-245 816/4ST (EPA/600/2-75/036) ; 64 pages
TEAS : 1975
TEXT : Few desirable methods exist for disposing of the sludge that is
periodically pumped from septic tanks. This report describes the result
obtained from a pilot study of one alternative septage treatment meth-
od - lime stabilization followed by covered sand-bed dewatering. The
study was conducted in two phases. Phase I (four months) consisted of
the general, chemical, and biological characterizations of the incoming
septage. Attempts were made to thicken the material via stirring,
polyelectrolyte addition, and lime additon. Phase II (nine months)
concerned itself with the application of lime septage onto covered sand
beds. Four experimental runs were conducted to assess the feasibility of
such an approach. The septage was limed to pH 10.5, 11.0, and 11.5 and
applied at eight inch (20.3 cm.) depths. Underdrainage and cake
characteristics were monitored and practical sand-bed application rates
were determined. A materials balance of chemical constituents around
the system was made. A cost estimate for the treatment of septage at
small treatment plants via this method is included. (RT)
COR : HTIS
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, VA 22161
ACC# : L000016
AUTHOR: Rose, c.w.
AFFIL : USDA; Farmers Home Administration, Washington, D.C.
TITLE : Onsite Systems: Farmers Home Administration
SOURCE: Individual Onsite Wastewater Systems; Proceedings of the Fourth Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1977; pp. 21-26
TEAR : 1978
TEXT : Describes the Farmers Home Administration's involvement in planning
waste treatment systems through financial aid to farmers, rural families
and communities. Also presents a view of the current status of on-site
treatment, regional planning concepts, pressure sewer systems, and Ten
State sti.ndards, as they relate to Farmers Borne Administration. (SWF)
CON : Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, HI 48106
ACC# : L000017
AUTHOR: Abney, J.L.
AFFIL j Parrott, Ely 6 Hurt, Lexington, Kl
TITLE : Fountain Run, Kentucky (Case study)
SOURCE: Rational Conference on Less Costly Wastewater Treatment Systems for
Small Communities; 1977; pp. 54-67 (BPA-600/9-79-010; RTIS Report Ro.
PB 293 254/AS)
COST : <6.50
TEAR : 1978
TEXT : Presents an alternative, proposed for installation in Fountain Bun,
Kentucky, to centralized collection and treatment. The system consists
of individual septic tanks, effluent sewers, and clustered subsurface
disposal sites. Includes detailed construction costs and a summary of
the possible effects of implementing the system. (SWF)
COR : RTIS
5285 Port Royal Road
Springfield, ta 22161
ACC* : L000018
AUTHOR: stryker, B.W.; Steele, W.T.
AFFIL : University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
TITLE : Hanagement of Rural Septic Systems utilizing the natural Resource Con-
servation District Specialist Program
SOURCE: Individual onsite Wastewater Systems; Proceedings of the Fourth Rational
Conference; Rational sanitation Foundation; 1977; pp. 85-118

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8
TUB i 1978
TEXT : Several conservation districts in Veraont bare insured the proper
installation of sewage systems through the District Specialist Prograa.
The specalist, provided through a cooperative arrangement betveen the
district and a town, is responsible for site evaluation, system design
and inspection. Soil survey data and site evaluation, rather than just
percolation tests, provide the basis for systea design. (SWF)
CO* : Ann arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, HI 48106
ACC* : 1000019
AUTHOR: Rhett, J.T.
AFFIX. : EPA, Rater Prograas Operations, Washington, D.C.
TITLE : Onsite Systeas: EP&'s Construction Grants Prograa
SOURCE: Individual Onsite Wastewater Systems; Proceedings of the Fourth national
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1977; pp. 15-20
TEAR : 1978
TEXT : Describes changes in the Enviromental Protection Agency's Construction
Crants Prograa as they relate to both increased funding of treatment
facilities for ssall co¦¦unities and to eligibility of on-site waste-
water systems. (SWF)
COM : Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1125
Ann Arbor, HI 48106
ACC# : L000020
AUTHOR: Hoxie, D.C.; Hinckley, w.w.
AFFIL : Departaent of flusan Services, Augusta, HE
TITLE : Factors Affecting Acceptance of Waterless Toilets - The Haine Experience
SOURCE: Individual Onsite Wastewater Systeas; Proceedings of the Fourth Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1977; pp. 167-172
TSAR : 1978
TEXT : Explores Haine*s experience with waterless toilets since 1974, their
acceptance as a aethod of huaan waste disposal, and the factors
affecting their future use. Briefly discusses cost and seven coaaon
uses of waterless toilets. (SWF)
COR : Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, HI 48106
ACC* : X.000021
AUTHOR: Dines, A.J.
AFFIL : A.J. Dines Associates, Inc., Ann Arbor, HI
TITLE : lapleaentation of Onsite Wastewater Hanageaent Arrangeaents-Overcoaing
Incentives for Inaction
SOORCE: Individual Onsite Wastewater Systeas; Proceedings of the Fourth Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1977; pp. 69-77
TBAR : 1978
TEXT : Four factors are responsible for Halting implementation of on-site
treataent systeas: habit, uncertainty, political alignments, and respons
to recoaaendaticns of external origin are briefly discussed in terns of
their plan liaiting tendencies. Recoaaendations for dealing with each
factor are presented. (SWF)
COR : Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, HI 48106
ACC* : L000022
AUTHOR: HacSregor, A.S.; Johnson, 6.H.
AFFIL : Roy F. Weston, Inc., West Chaster, PA
TITLE : Hanageaent Districts - A Key to lapleaenting an Onlot Disposal Alterna-
tive
SOORCE: Individual onsite wastewater Systeas; Proceedings of the Fourth Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1977; pp. 41-49
TBAR : 1978
TEXT : Presents the role of management districts in bringing about wastewater
treatment programs based on long-term reliance on on-site treatment. The
structure and function of a management district is also described. (SWF)
COR : Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, HI 48106
ACC* : L000023
AUTHOR: Polheaus, T.D.; Friedman, D.S.
AFFIL : Boy F. Weston, Inc., west Chester, PA
TITLE : An Application of the Onlot Hanagament concept: Objectives, Re-
sponsibilities, and Costs
SOORCE: Individnal Onsite Wastewater Systems; Proceedings of the Fourth Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1977; pp. 53-67
TEAR : 1978

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9
TEXT : in application of the Management district concept as it applies to
on-site wastewater treatment is presented. Topics covered, include
applying the system in the Pocono Bountains resort area, a summary of
on-lot disposal aethods, responsibilities of the district, and costs of
implementing the system. (SWF)
COB : inn Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Bos 1425
inn Arbor, HI 48106
L000023
flaurer, G.E.
Departaent of Environmental Besources, Harrisbarg, PA
Certification of sewage Enforcement Officers: An Onsite Banagement
Alternative
Individual Onsite wastewater Systeas; Proceedings of the Fourth National
Conference; national Sanitation Foundation; 1977; pp. 123-128
1978
Describes Pennsylvania's certification procedure for sewage enforcement
officers as a tool to manage on-site sewage treatment. Includes elements
of the state sewage program and the sewage enforcement officer's
certification, responsibilities, and duties. (SRF)
Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, HI 48106
L000025
Rise, R.B.; Pressley, T.A.; Austern, B.B.
EPA Bunicipal Environmental Research laboratory, Cincinnati, OB
Partial characterization of chlorinated organics in saperchlorinated
Septages and Sized Sludges
RTIS Report Ho. PB-281 529/8ST (EPA/600/2-78/020) ; 30 pages
1978
The chlorinated organic materials produced by applying the Purifaz (S)
process to a septage and a sized primary/secondary sludge
were studied to assess the types, amounts, and distribution of chlori-
nated organics present. Total organic chlorine in the solids phases
was determined by Schoniger-flask combustion, concentrated hexane-
ether extracts of the liquid phases were also analyzed for total
chlorine by microcolorimetric titration; these sane extracts were then
analyzed by GC/HS for individual organic compounds. Belium-purgeable-
organics in the liquid phases were also determined by GC/BS. Liguid
phases froa one Purifax (R) installation were analyzed for TOC, ids,
and TSS to furnish engineering cost data for applying filtration/carbon
adsorption as a Purifax-treatment adjunct. (RT)
HTIS
5285 Port Royal Rd.
Springfield, VA 22161
L000026
Brandes, B.
Ontario Binistry of the Environment, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Accumulation Rate and Characteristics of Septic Tank Sludge and Septage
Journal of the Rater Foliation Control Federation, 50(5): 936-943
1978
Properties of sludge and septage depend on strength of raw wastewater.
Longer detention tines improved decomposition and lowered the rate of
sludge accumulation. Additional results of monitoring three two-
compartment septic tanks for two years revealed that septage accumula-
tion is approximately 200 liter/person/year. land required for septage-
disposal of 2.5 million people in Ontario is 14 sguare km. Data is given
for the contaminant concentration of the supernatant, sludge and septage
for each septic tank. (SRF)
ACC* s	L000027
AOTBOR:	D' Aragon, P.
AFFIL :	Quebec, Canada
TITLE :	Sawage Treatment Tank
SOURCE:	0.3. Patent Ro. 3,888,767
TEAR :	1975
TEXT :	Describes a sewage treatment tank with separate compartments which can
digest sewage in successive stages by anaerobes and aerobes. (SRF)
ACC* : L000028
AOTBOR: Fetter, C.R., Jr.; Sloey, R.E.; spangler, F.L.
AFPZL : University of Iisconsin, Oshkosh, RI
TITLE : Potential Replacement of Septic Tank Drain Fields by Artificial Barsh
Rastewater Treatment Systems
SOORCE: Ground Rater, 14(6): 396-402
TEAR : 1976
TEXT : Individual subsurface liguid waste disposal has been cited as a source
of groundwater contamination. Wastewater treatment systems using
emergent marsh vegetation planted in a gravel substrate in a plastic-
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lined trench could be used to treat septic tank effluent. * pilot plant
treating nnchlorinated primary municipal effluent achieved the following
redactions in mass: five-day BOD-77 percent; COD-71 percent; orthophos-
phate-35 percent; total phosphorus-37 percent; nitrate-22 percent; and
coliform bacteria-99.9 percent. While such treatment is possible only
daring the growing season, it could be useful at summer cottages,
caaping areas, resorts and roadside rest areas. Harsh treatment systeas
are inexpensive to operate and are virtually automatic. (10)
ICC# : 1000029
author.- h/j
AFFIL : EPA, Environaental Research Inforaation Center, Washington, D.C.
TITLE : Onsite Wastewater Disposal Alternatives-federal, State and Local
Involvement
SOOBCE: EPA Beport Ho. 440/3-77-020, 11 pages
TEAR : 197B
TEXT : This case history in 208 Hater Quality Management Planning reviews
and evaluates wastewater systeas employed in the south Kennebec Valley
Begion of Maine. A survey revealed that SO percent of the disposal
systeas are within 30 aeters of the shoreline; 33 percent are improperly
maintained; and about five percent are actually aalfunctioning.
Becommended possible remedies include cluster systems, improved
individual on-site disposal, water use reduction, pumping waste to more
suitable soils, waterless toilets and regular pumping of holding tanks.
Possible funding and implementation is also reviewed. (SHF)
L000030
Galonian, G.E.; Aulenbach, D.B.
Bio-Environmental Engineering Division of Rensslaer Polytechnic
Institute, Troy, Hr
Phosphate Beaoval from Laundry Wastewater
Journal of the Hater Pollution Control Federation, 45(8)s 1708-1717
1973
Acceptable levels of phosphate removal froa laundry wastewater was
accomplished in laboratory studies by using an American Laundry
Hachinery Industries System in conjunction with chemical coagulants at
a pH range of 9.5-10.0. Precipitation tests of phosphate removal
efficiencies were run on three chemicals: calcium chloride, alum, and
ferric chloride. Calcium chloride was found to be the most efficient and
ferric chloride the least efficient. (SWF)
L000031
Grethlein, H.E.
Dartmouth College, Hanover, HH
Anaerobic Digestion and Heabrane Separation of Domestic Hastewater
Journal of the Hater Pollution Control Federation, 50(4): 754-763
1978
Septic tank treatment systems using semi-permeable membranes are
described and evaluated. Laboratory and pilot plant studies indicate
that these systems exceed secondary effluent standards and increase
anaerobic decomposition rates in the septic tank by a factor of three to
four times. A general diagram of the basic system is included. (SWF)
L00D032
Harkin, J.B.; Jawsoa, H.D.; Baker, F.6.
University of Wisconsin, Soil Science C Water Besource Center, Madison,
VI
causes and Bemedy of Failure of Septic Tank seepage Systems
Individual Onsite Hastewater Systeas; Proceedings of the Second Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1975; pp. 145-157
1976
Hydrogen peroxide was used on failed septic systems in an attempt to
unclog the seepage beds. Laboratory columns and field systeas showed
that hydrogen peroxide added directly to the seepage beds will
solubilize sulfide depositions that clog soil pores. Preventive treat-
ment is recommended over remedial treatment of failed septic systems.
See L000102. (SHF)
Ann Arbor Science Publishers, inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, HI 48106
ACC* : L000033
AUTHOR: Johnson, H.; Brie, D.H.
AFFIL : EPA Office of Research 6 Development, Washington, D.C.
TITLE : Ground-Hater Pollution Aspects of Land Disposal of sewage from Remote
Recreation Areas
SOORCE: Proceedings of the Third Rational Groundwater Quality Symposium; 1976:
pp.47-54
TEAR ; 1977
TEXT : Hastewater injection into subsurface soil is a reliable, low cost method
for the disposal of liquefied campground sewage. Pilot tests of the
wastewater injection treatment were conducted in Michigan'* Hiawatha
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Rational Forest, Ho significant amount of bacterial or viral con-
tamination of groundwater was encountered in the test wells located near
the injection site, except under extreme conditions. Limiting con-
ditions are explained in a set of proposed guidelines governing the
fatare use of soil injection as a leans of treatment. (SWF)
1000034
Jewell, H.J.; Howley, J.B.; Perrin, D.R.
Cornell University, Ithaca, IT
Treatability of Septic Tank Sludge
Proceedings of the Bural Environmental Engineering Conference on Hater
Pollution Control in Low Density Areas; 1975; Paper Ho. 28; pp. 445-477
1975
Laboratory studies indicated that centralized aerated lagoons, or
aerobic digestion units, provided the best means of treating septage.
Twenty-four samples of septage obtained fros a local contractor supplied
the feed for the seven aerated lagoons, 14 aerobic digestion units and
one anaerobic digestion unit. Dewatering septage with sand drying beds
was found to be unfeasible. However, aerobic treatment or cheaical
additives substantially increased dewatering rates. Foaaing and odor
were aajor probleas with aerobic systens due to the presence of house-
hold detergents in the septage. Conventional septage treatment by
existing municipal facilities was judged to be inadequate. See L000090.
(SWF)
University Press of Hew England
Hanover, HH 03755
L000035
Jones, P.H.
University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Low Cost Wastewater Treatment Facilities for Bural Areas
Proceedings of the Bural Environmental Engineering Conference on Hater
Pollution Control in Low Density Areas; 1975; Paper Ho. 25; pp. 371-388
1975
Treatment plant design and process selection for wastewater treatment
facilities in rural areas are discussed. Ten selected wastewater treat-
ment plants in Ontario, Canada are compared on the basis of size, cost,
plant efficiency and process selection. (SWF)
University Press of Hew England
Hanover, HH 03755
ACC* : L000036
HUTHOB: Lent, D.S.
AFFIL : Hilitary Technology Department, Fort Belvoir, TA
TITLE : Treatment of Power Laundry Hastewater Utilizing Powdered Activated
Carbon and Cationic Polyelectrolyte
SOUBCEs Proceedings of the Industrial Haste Conference; 1977; Volume 30;
pp. 751-759
YBAB S 1977
TEXT : Power laundry wastewater can be effectively treated by a powdered
activated carbon/polymer/coagnlation process. The effluent can be reused
or discharged into receiving waters in compliance with EPA guidelines.
Besults of the commercial testing of the system conducted at Sterling
Laundry in Hashington, D.C., from October 15, 1973, to February 21, 1974
are presented. (SHF)
ACC* : L000037
AUTH0B: Siegrist, B.
AFFIL : University of Wisconsin, Hadison, Wl
TITLE t waste Segregation as a Heans of Enhancing Ossite Wastewater Hanagement
SOUBCE: Journal of Environmental Health, 40(1): 5-8
TEAR : 1977
TEXT : Segregation of in-house wastes into blackwater (sewage) and greywater
streams results in better disposal by conventional methods. Elimination
of the garbage grinder and toilet from the remaining household waste-
water stream, by use of a aonconveatienal toilet system, yields
simplified wastewater treatment. Benefits include surface disposal and
outside reuse of the greywater fraction as veil as conservation of water
resources and the recycling of valuable nutrients to the soil. (SWF)
ACC* : L000038
AUTHOR: Siegrist, B.; Witt, H.; Boyle, H.C.
AFFIL : University of Wisconsin, Hadison, HI
TITLE : Characteristics of Bural Household Hastewater
SOUBCE; ASCI Journal of Environmental Engineering Division, 102(EE3): 533-548
YBAB i 1976
TEXT t Water use and wastewater quality were aonitored in 11 hones for four
weeks. Five categories of water consumption and wastewater production,
toilet, clothes washing, bathing, dishwashing and water-softening were
established. Data on the individual water and wastewater streams are
summarised in a secies of tables and charts showing the major sources
of water consumption and wastewater contribution. (SHF)

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L000039
Traverse, C.E.
lake Waynewood, lake Ariel, Pi
Method and Apparatus for Aerobic Sewage Treatment
U.S. Patent Ho. 4,002,561
1977
Describes a septic tank mechanise for physically reducing floe particles
to an optiaum size in order to achieve a aaxiaua rate of aerobic de-
composition. The aechanisa also provides optiaum aeration of the system.
(SWF)
L000040
Saner, U.K.: Boyle, B.C.; Otis, B.J.
University of Hisconsin, Hadison, hi
Interaittent Sand Filtration of Household wastewater
ASCE Journal of Environmental Engineering Division, 102 (EE4)s 789-803
1976
The combination of an aerobic treatment unit or septic tank with inter-
aittent sand filters provides a treated effluent which will seet
current surface discharge effluent standards. Four systens were studied,
two septic tank systeas and two aerobic treataent units, at field sites
in Wisconsin fiom September 1973 to February 1975. Effluent quality
data were presented along with cost comparisons for the various systeas.
(SWF)
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coir
L000041
Bell, H.F.
Bell construction Co., Hatteson, IL
Beviving the Septic Tank
Civil Engineering, 47(12): 83-84
1977
General suggestions for installation of seepage fields and recommended
practices for improved on-site sewage disposal are discussed. The septic
tank is often criticized because of ignorance as to what a septic tank
system is designed to accomplish. (SWT)
L000042
Bouna, J.; Converse, J.C.; Otis, B.J.; Walker, W.G.; Ziebell, W.A.
University of Wisconsin, College of Agriculture * Life Sciences,
Hadison, WI
A Hound Systea for Onsite Disposal of Septic Tank Effluent in slowly
Permeable Soils with Seasonally Perched Water Tables
Journal of Environmental Quality, 4(3): 382-388
1975
Slowly permeable soils with seasonal high water tables cannot be used
for conventional subsurface disposal of septic tank effluent. An
alternative mound system is described which consists of soil-covered
seepage trenches on top of 60 em. of sand fill deposited on the original
soil surface. The bottom area of the mound is sufficiently large to
allow soil absorption of effluent considering the low conductivity of
the subsoil, which was measured in-situ with the crust test procedure.
Honitoring data for four experimental mound systems and design and
construction criteria are discussed. (AU)
L000043
Bouma, J.
University of Wisconsin; Hadison, >X
Hew concepts in Soil survey Interpretations for On-site Disposal of
Septic Tank Effluent
Soil Science Society of America Proceedings, 38(6): 941-946
1974
Advocates the use of soil survey information in designing on-site waste
disposal systens. soil potential is emphasized instead of soil limita-
tions. Hydraulic conductivity, degree of purification, and design of
on-site systems are main factors to be considered in developing a
workable soil absorption system. (SWF)
L000044
Tyler, E.J.; Laak, B.j HcCoy, E.; Sandhn, S.S.
University of Wisconsin, Hadison, WI
The soil as a Treataent systea
Proceedings of second Rational Hoae Sewage Treataent Symposium; 1977;
ASAE Publication 5-77; pp. 22-37
1978
The effectiveness and acceptability of soil disposal systens depends on
the type of soil underlying the treatment system. Physical, chemical,
and biological factors affecting soil absorption systens are ezaained.
(SWF)
American Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Wiles Boad
St. Joseph, HI 49085

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13
ICC* : L000045
AUTHORs carcich, 1.6.; Hetling, L.3.; Farrell, P.P.
AFFIL : Hew York state Departaent of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NT
TITLE : The Pressure Sewer: A Hew Alternative to Gravity sewers
SOOBCE: Civil Engineering, 44(5): 50-53
TBAB s 1974
TEXT : nse of grinder pumps to discharge household sewage into small diameter
pressure sewers greatly reduced the cost of installing treatment systems
in a 12-house area in Albany, Hew York. Elimination of infiltration and
other extraneous flows, such as downspouts and foundation drainage,
reduced sewage voluae by two-thirds over conventional sewers, thus
saving additional costs. (SWF)
ACC* : L000016
AUTHOR: Dyaent, B.
AFFIL : H/A
TITLE : Truck-Tankers Clean Septic Tanks in Bural Areas
SOOBCE: Rater And Sewage Works, 125(1): 49
ISAB : 1978
TEXT : Sludge froa septic systeas can be disposed of by injecting it eight to
ten inches into the soil. This method of disposal has been approved for
use in Clarence, Hew York, by state and county health departments.
Equipment used in the process is described. (SWF)
ACC* : L000047
AOTHOB: El Hashar, A.H.
AFFIL : university of Hansoura, Department of Hechanical Engineering,
Alexandria, Egypt
TITLE : The Separation of Shower and Laundry Wastewater Using Zr-Paa B.o. Hea-
branes
SO0BCB: Desalination, 23(1-3): 1-18
TEAB : 1977
TEXT : This paper describes the reverse osmosis tests which were carried out
on shower and laundry wastewater using dynamically formed zirconium
oxide-polyacrylate membranes which were formed in-situ. Performance
data consisting of solute rejection and product water flux, as depending
on several operating parameters, are presented. These parameters are:
operating pressure, circulation velocity, and feed concentration. Data
presented include rejections of organic material (TOC), ammonia, urea,
and several icnic species. (AD)
ACC* : L000048
AOTHOB: Gibbs, H.H.
AFFIL : Ecology Division, Departaent of Science and Industrial Besearch, Taupo,
New Zealand
TITLE : Study of a Septic Tank System on a Lake Shore: Temperature and Effluent
Flow Patterns
SOOBCE: Hew Zealand Journal of Science, 20(1): 55-61
TEAB : 1977
TEXT : By using groundwater temperature mapping techniques, it was determined
that because of high groundwater table in the area, septic tank effluent
wits contaminating Lake Taupo, Hew Zealand. See L000059. (SWF)
ACC* : L000049
AOTHOB: Harshaft, A.
AFFIL : Interstate Electronics corporation, Arlington, VA
TITLE : The Plight and Promise of On-Site Wastewater Treatment
SOOBCE: Compost Science, 17(5): 6-12
TEAB : 1976
TEXT ; The expanded use of on-site wastewater treatment systems has been hin-
dered because current opinion favors sewers and centralised waste
treatment facilities. The disadvantages of sewered central waste
facilities are cost, depletion of groundwater and eutrophication. Ad-
vantages of on-site systeas and a list of their manufacturers are also
presented. (SWF)
ACC* : L000050
AOTHOB: KleiB, S.A.
AFFIL : university of California, Sanitary Engineering Besearch Laboratory,
Berkeley, CA
TITLE : HTA Beaoval in Septic Tank and Oxidation Pond Systeas
SOUBCE: Journal of the Rater Pollution Control Federation, 45 (1): 78-86
TEAB : 1974
TEXT : Degradation of trisodiom nitrilotriacetate (HTA), a possible substitute
for phosphate in detergents, was studied by four pilot-scale septic
tank and leaching field systeas for nine months. Besults indicate
that a 23 percent removal of HTA could be achieved in the septic
tank and that complete decomposition occurred in aerobic percolation
fields, though anaerobic fields could degrade only 10 percent of the
HTA. (SWF)

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14
ICC* : LOO0051
AUTHOR: Ligaan, K.; Hutzler, H. ; Boyle, w.C.
AFFIL : Baxter 6 Woodman, Inc., Crystal Lake, II
TITLE : Household Wastewater Characterization
SOUBCEi ASCE Journal of the Environaental Engineering Division, 100(EE1):
201-213
1MB : 1971
TEXT : A survey of residents in urban and rural coaaunities in Wisconsin was
condacted froa January to Hay 1972. The study showed that peak waste-
water flows occurred at 8-9 a. a. and 6-7 p. a. Froa this data, simulated
loading rates were developed for use in wastewater treatment and dis-
posal studies. (SWF)
L000052
Loabardo, P.
Pio Loabardo and Associates, Boston, HA
Septage coaposting
Coapost Science, 18(6): 12-14
1977
The 1976 Behoboth pilot project in Hassachusetts showed that septage can
be econoaically and successfully treated by coaposting. The addition of
sawdust as a bulking agent was reported to be beneficial. Tables showing
septage characteristics and aetals concentration are included. (SWF)
ACC# : L000053
AUTHOB: Hagdoff, F.B.; Bonaa, J.; Keeney, D.B.
AFFIL : University of Wisconsin, Baalson, WI
TITLE : Coluans Bepresenting Hound-Type Disposal Systeas for Septic Tank
Effluent: I. Soil-water and 6as Belations
SOUBCE: Journal of Environaental Quality, 3(3): 223-228
YEAB : 1974
TEXT : Perforated and non-perforated coluans were used to approziaate a aound
disposal systea. Crusting at the interface of the subsurface seepage bed
and the soil, with both types of coluans eaployed, occurred as the
levels of COD and total solids increased at the interface. With crusting
caae ponding and near-aerobic conditions in the soil pores. (SWF)
ACC* : L000054
AUTHOB: Hagdoff, F.B.; Keeney, D.R.; Bouaa, J.; Ziebell, W.A.
AFFIL : University of Wisconsin, Hadison, WZ
TITLE s Columns Bepresenting Hound-type Disposal Systeas for Septic Tank
Effluent: II. nutrient Transforations and Bacterial Populations
SOUBCE: Journal of Environaental Quality, 3(3): 228-234
YEAR : 1974
TEXT : Soil aaterials, arranged as 60 ca. of fill over 30 ca. of silty loaa to
siaulate the percolating bed of a aound, iaproved the quality of
percolated septic tank effluent. Coaplete reaoval of fecal indicators,
nearly coaplete COD reaoval and significant decreases in nitrogen and
concentrations were achieved. (SWF)
ACC* : L000055
AUTHOB: Bounds, T.
AFFIL : Douglas County Public Works Departaent, Douglas County, Oregon
TITLE : Pressure Sewers (with 61ide/Idleyld Case Study)
SOUBCE: Rational Conference on Less Costly Wastewater Treatment Systeas for
Saall Coaaunities; 1977; pp. 45-53 (EPA-600/9-79-010; WTIS Beport Wo.
PB 293 254/AS)
COST : $6.50
YBAB : 1978
TEXT : A survey of 500 hoaes in Slide, Oregon, revealed that 60 percent of the
drainfields showed soae form of failure. Econoaic considerations dic-
tated the use of pressure sewers as a Beans of wastewater conveyance.
Alternative disposal systeas, sounds, sand filters and evapotranspira-
tion beds were coapared in teras of cost, site criteria, and efficiency.
(SWF)
CO! : ITIS
5285 Port Boyal Bd.
Springfield, VA 22161
ACC* : L000056
AUTHOB: Hagdoff, F.B.; Keeney, D.B.
AFFXL : University of Wisconsin, Hadison, WI
TITLE : Hutrient Bass Balance in Coluans Bepresenting Pill Systeas for Disposal
of Septic Tank Effluents
SOUBCE: Environmental Letters, 10(4): 285-294
YBAB : 1975
TEXT J Coluans representing the vertical dimensions of a fill-type disposal
systea were sectioned and analysed after prolonged leaching with septic
tank effluent. Carbon and I accuaulated aainly in and just below the
crust (clogged surface) on top of the 60 ca. sand layer. Depletion of
both c and I froa the 30 ca. silt loan layer at the bottoa of the coluan
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was large enough to result in a net loss of these constituents from the
soil materials. The Materials, as arranged in the coluans, reaoved
nearly all of the influent COD and about 22 percent of the N. (AO)
L000057
Parker, D.E.; Lehr, J.H.; Roseler, B.C.; Paeth, B.C.
Wisconsin Departaent of Health and Social Services, Hadison, HI
Site Evaluation for Soil Absorption Syateas
Proceedings of the Second national Hose Sewage Treataent Syaposiua;
1977; ASAE Publication 5-77; pp. 3-15
1978
Site conditions needed for conventional soil absorption s;steas and
alternate systeas are identified along with adverse conditions where
absorption systeas should not be permitted. Resource aaterials for
preliminary site evaluation are discussed and a detailed site evaluation
procedure is suggested. Other iteas, such as perait applications,
political factors and regional differences in site evaluation are also
discussed. (AD)
American Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Hiles Road
St. Joseph, HI 49085
L000058
Sikora, L.J.; Corey, R. B.
University of Bisconsin, Hadison, VI
Fate of nitrogen and Phosphorus in Soils Onder Septic Tank Haste
Disposal Fields
Transactions of the ASAE, 19(5): 866-870
1976
Probable nitrogen fores in soils under septic tank waste disposal fields
are predicted by correlating obseived soil aoisture tensions with
aeration status. The conditions beneath most waste disposal fields are
sufficiently aerobic for nitrate to be the probable nitrogen fors. The
probable phosphorus fora would depend upon many factors including
mineral content and pH of the soil. Due to high P concentration in
septic tank wastes, both sorption and decoapositiqn-precipitation re-
actions anst be considered when determining P wovesent, only in soils
with little sorption capacity would the pollution potential of phos-
phorus froa septic tank waste be considerable. (AU)
ACCi : L000059
AUTHOR: Gibbs, H.H.
AFFIL : Ecology Div., Departaent of scientific and Industrial Research, Taupo,
Hew Zealand
)TITLE : Soil Renovation of Effluent froa a Septic Tank on a Lake Shore
SOURCE: Hew Zealand Journal of Science, 20(3): 255-263
TEAR : 1977
TEXT : nitrogen, phosphorus, and bacterial contamination in lake Taupo, Hew
Zealand, has been linked to the presence of septic tanks constructed
over shallow groundwater tables near the lake. Flow patterns froa
septic tanks were deterained by thermal mapping of sites near the lake.
Distinct possibilities of health hazards occurring in the area were
found to exist. See L000048. (SHF)
ACC* : L000060
AUTHOR: Reneau, R.B.; Pettry, D.E.
AFFIL : Tirginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, TA
TITLB : Hoveaent of Coliform Bacteria froa Septic Tank Effluent through Selected
Coastal Plain Soils of Virginia
SOURCE: Journal of Environmental Quality, 4(1): 41-45
TEAR : 1975
TEXT : Hovament of total and fecal coliform bacteria froa septic tank effluent
through three Tirginia Coastal Plain soils was monitored in-situ over a
two-year period. These soils were considered to be marginally suited
for sanitary disposal of domestic wastes because of fluctuating seasonal
vatar tables and/or restricting layers. Since septic effluent moved
predominantly in a horizontal direction in these soils as a result of
slowly peraeable subsurface horizons, a series of piezometers were in-
stalled to collect samples at selected distances and depths froa the
source (subsurface drainfield) in each of the soils studied. Generally
the most-probable-numbers (HPH) of both total and fecal coliforas de-
creased significantly with horizontal distance and depth. At the Varina
location total and fecal coliform counts were observed to decrease at
6.1 m., above a relatively iaperaeable plinthic horizon. At the Solds-
boro and Beltsville sites large reductions in both total and fecal
coliform counts were noted within 13.5 m. Few detectable fecal coliforas
were present below the restricting layers at all three sites. On the
basis of these results, it seems unlikely that coliform bacteria would
move into the permanent groundwater system. (AO)

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ICC* : L000061
AUTHOR: Saith, B.B.
kTTIL : ¦/»
Tins : Baking Septic Tank Systeas fork
SOOBCB: Coapost Sci«nc«, 17(4): 27
nil : 1976	,	J	,
TEXT : iieruMi housing itrdopmnt in the mountainous region of California
has brongbt concern for prwtDt and future control of the sanitary
systeas. This narrative by a health officer describes a prograa for
upgrading septic tanks and installing alternates waste a*thods that
the coaaunity prefers over "sewering the whole county". (SBF)
ICC* : L000062
IQTBOB: Theckwell, B.L.
IFFXL : consulting Engineer, Yucaipa, CI
TITLE : Septic Tank Efficiency (I Discussion)
SOOBCB: ISCB Journal of the Bnvironaental tngineering Division, 102(BB6):
1304-1305
TBIB : 1976
TBZT : I discussion of "Septic Tank Efficiency" by Tiraraghavan (ICC*
L000069). Design practices in England, Taiwan and southern California
are given for comparison. Other seans of treating septic tank effluent
to laprove its quality are also stated. (SBF)
ICC* : 1000063
IQTBOB: Sobsey, B.D.; Ballis, C.; Balnick, J.U
IFFXL : Baylor University, College of Bedicine, Bouston, TX
TITLE : Chesical Disinfection of Bolding-Tank Sewage
SOOBCB: Ipplied Microbiology, 26(5): 861-866
TUB : 197#
TBXT : I nusber of chesical disinfectants were evaluated for their bactericidal
and virucidal effectiveness in holding tank sewage. It was found that
the disinfection efficiencies of forsaldehyde, benzalkoaiua chloride,
cetylprridiaiua chloride, and methylene blue were narkedly inproved if
the pB of the sewage was raised fros 8.0 to 10.5. (hen foraaldehyde,
beacalkoaiaa chloride, and aethylene blue were tested with either two-
week holding tines with no sewage additions or ten-day holding tines
with dally sewage additions, disinfection effectiveness was saintained
as long as the sewage pH was kept at 10.5 and the disinfectant concen-
tration was kept at 100 sg/liter or nore. Calciua hypochlorite, sine
sulfate, and phenol were found to be relatively ineffective disinfec-
tants for holding tank sewage. (10)
ICC* : 100006%
10TB0B: Boreas, E.
IFFII : Department of Buaan services, lugusta, BB
flTLB : Baiae's Perspective on conposting Toilets and llternate Greywater
Systems
lOOBCB: Compost Science, 18(4): 18-19
niB i 1977
!BXT : Baine first persitted the use of conposting toilets and greywater
systeas in 1974. If properly designed and aaintained, these systems can
operate effectively. The status of these systeas and their pertinent
state regulations are presented. The originality of flaine*s state code
is emphasized. (SWF)
CC* : 1000065
OTBOB: Troyan, J.J., et.al.
FFIL t Brown 8 Caldwell, Bugene, OB
XTXB : cost-Effectiveness of On-site and coanunity sewerage llternatives
OOBCB: Civil Engineering, 47(12): 84-89
BIB : 1977
EXT : Outlines a procedure for assessing the cost-effectiveness of wastewater
treatment alternatives. The need to assume equal service and to consider
technical and administrative feasibility, while coeparing systems is
emphasised. Idvantages, disadvantages, limitations and cost factors
for evaluating septic (ST)-soil absorption systems, ST-mound systeas,
ST-evapotranspiration systeas, ST-sand filter systeas, conventional
gravity sewers, small diameter gravity sewers, pressure sewers and
vacuum sewers are described. (SBF)
X* t 1000066
ITBOB: Tenraskas, B.J.; Baker, F.B.j Bouma, J.
PFXL : University of fiseoasia, Badisoa, «I
CUB : Soil Bottling and Drainage in a Bollic Hapludalf as Belated to suit-
ability for Septic Tank Construction
WB6B: Soil science of inerica Proceedings, 38(3)> 497-501
IIB : 1974
OCT : septic tank effluent disposal feasibility in a fine silty Bollic Hap-
ludalf, with a mottled subsoil overlying permanently unsaturated sand,
was investigated by seasuring K values and soil drainage rates in situ.
Mottles with chroaas of two inside peds in the silty clay loaa sabsoil

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17
indicated reducing conditions and channel and plane neoferrans indicated
oxidative conditions in the larger pores. Physical data showed high K
values and drainage rates at saturation, doe to channels and planes, bat
a very strong drop of these values upon desaturation. Lack of extended
saturation of the entire subsoil Bakes possible excavation of the silt
cap and construction of a septic tank seepage bed in the underlying
sand. (AO)
ACC* : L000067
AOTHOB: Heneau, R.B., Jr.; Pettry, D.E.
APFIL : Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Oniversity, Blacksburg, ?A
) TITLE : Hovenent of Hethylene Blue Active Substance fros Septic Tank Effluent
through Two Coastal Plain Soils
SOOBCE: Journal of Environmental Quality, 4(3): 370-375
TEAS : 1975
TEXT : Hethylene blue active substances (HBAS) concentration as a function of
distance and depth in soils with high perched water tables were eoni-
tored as part of a study, supported by the Virginia Department of Health
to determine aovement of septic pollutants through natural soil systens.
The soils studied were Varina and 6oldsboro. Piezoaeters were placed at
selected distances and depths froa the drainfield in the direction of
groundwater flow to determine both vertical and lateral aovement. Also
soil adsorption studies were conducted on selected horizons froa these
¦oils to detersine the influence of adsorption on distance traveled
and biodegradation. Horizontal movement of HBAS in both soils were
generally lisited to 3.0 ¦ or less. Sol adsorption studies indicated
that these soils were capable of adsorbing large guantities of linear
alkyibenzenesulfonate (LAS), but inefficiently under saturated condi-
tions as indicated by adsorption of approxiaately 65 percent of the
original for all three levels eaployed. (AO)
ACC# : L000068
AOTHOB: Tiraraghavan, T.
APFIL : ADI Ltd., Predericton, lew Brunswick, Canada
TITLE : Septic Tank Efficiency (Closure)
SOOBCE: ASCE Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, 103(EE4): 743
TEAB : 1977
TEXT : The increase of detention tise in designing septic tanks should also
increase their suspended solids reaoval efficiency. (SBF)
ACC* : L000069
AOTHOBt Tiraraghavan, 1.
APFIL : ADI Ltd., Predericton, few Brunswick, Canada
TITLE : Septic Tank Efficiency
SOOBCE: ASCE Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, 102(EE2):
505-508
TEAB : 1976
TEXT : Septic tank performance ol a twelve member family dwelling in Quebec in
1973 showed a 1SS reaoval of 20 percent and a 50 percent reaoval of BOD
and COD. Low total suspended solids and bacterial removals in the septic
tank Indicated that a quiescent settling tank should follow the septic
tank, thus preventing re-entrainment of sedisented material into the
effluent stream. There was no appreciable removal of indicator organism
through the septic tank. However, removals of over 80 percent of
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa were consistent through treatment in the septic
tank. (S«P)
ACC* : L000070
AOTHOB: Wooding, B.H.
APPIL : Penn State Oniversity, College of Agriculture, University Park, PA
^TITLE : Alternate Hethods of Effluent Disposal for On-Lot Hone Sewage Systems
SOOBCE: Pennsylvania State Oniversity Extension Service; Special Circular 214;
1976; 15 pages
TEAB : 1976
TEXT : This pamphlet prepared by the Penn State Cooperative Extension service
serves as a guide to the homebuilder and the homeowner who needs to
build, replace, or repair an on-site system. Elevated sand mounds, sand-
lined beds and trenches, aerobic sewage treatment system standards,
oversized absorption areas, effluent distribution systems, and shallow
placement absorption systems are discussed. Information as to permis-
sible soil and site conditions, site preparation, design and construc-
tion, size of necessary absorption areas and a decision-making matrix
for selection of the appropriate subsurface absorption area is included.
(SIP)
ACC* s L000071
AOTHOB: fteneau, B.B., Jr.
APPIL : Virginia Polytechnic Institute S State Oniversity, Dept. of Agronomy,
Blacksburg, VA
TITLE : Influence of Artificial Drainage on Penetration of Coliform Bacteria
from Septic Tank Effluents into Vat Tile Drained Soils
SOOBCE: Journal of Environmental Quality, 7(1): 23-30

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18
TEftB : 1978
TEXT : The penetration of total and fecal colifora bacteria froa septic tank
drainage fields into wet tile drained soils classified as Typic and
fteric Ochraqualts was studied froa 1974 to 1976. These bacteria were
aonitored in groundwaters at selected distances froa the septic tank
drainage fields in the direction of groundwater flow and were .compared
to colifore densities in control wells and in tile outfalls. The oatfall
froa the stud; area was normally less than 200 fecals/100 al. coapared
to less than 3.0/100 al. in oatfall waters froa a control area. Fecal
colifore densities of the oatfall froa the study area were soae tenfold
less than the bacterial quality of the receiving streaa. Colifora
densities in groundwaters decreased as a logarithaic function of
distance. (ftU)
ICC# : 1000072
*0THOB: llleaan, D.; Jenkins, S.; Hedstroa, a.; Pochop, L.
WHL : B/ft
TITLE : Pilot Plant Treataent of Recreational Area Vault Toilet Baste
SOUBCE: Journal of the iater Pollution control Federation, 47(2): 377-385
TMH : 1975
TEXT : ft two-cell aerated lagoon systea for the treataent of vault toilet
wastes in the fledicine Bow Bational Forest (Byoaing) was investigated
through the use of on-site pilot lagoons. Biocheaical oxygen deaand was
reduced by over 99 percent, the effluent having very little tarbidity,
odor, or color. Baising the operating teaperature of the first cell by
eight degrees to 15 degrees Centigrade did not significantly change the
lagoon's biocheaical oxygen deaand reaoval efficiency or the quality of
the effluent when the systea was operated for 30 to 35 days. Irrigation
of the efflaent onto soil colaim with growing native plants caused
aarked increases in growth rates with no noticeable adverse effects or
danger of groundwater contaaination. (10)
ftCC* : L000073
AUTHOR: aooding, a. H.
ftFFIl : Pena State University, College of ftgrigulture, University Park, p»
TITLE : Boa* sewage Disposal
SOURCE: Pennsylvania State University Extension Service; Special Circular 212;
1976; 21 pages
TEftB : 1976
TEXT : ft description and listing of rules, regulations and practices for
selection, installation, construction and eaintenance of on-site saall
wastewater flow systeas is given. Discussion and guidelines for use of
soae alternative systeas is included. This publication presents in a
clear and succinct fora aany of the aost popular hoae sewage disposal
aethods for rural areas. (SBP)
ICC# : L000074
ftUTBOB: ftnonyaous
ftFFIL : B/ft
TITLE : lew fterobic Batch Process Beplaces Septic Tanks
SOUBCE: Bater and Sewage Borks, 122(3): 46-47
TEftB : 1975
TEXT > ft three-stage batch aerobic treataent systea is described: in the inlet/
surge/aeration chaaber (Stage 1) raw sewage is aixed with a prefixed
aaount of air and biological growths; in the aeration/settling chaaber
(Stage 2) secondary breakdown of organic aatter is achieved by farther
agitation with diffused air; the effluent frpa Stage 2 is puaped into a
chlorine detention chaaber (Stage 3) for its disinfection before dis-
charge. Settled sludge is returned into the Stage 1 chaaber. (SBP)
ICC* : 1000075
ftUTHOB: Sayaer, s.
ftPFIL : l/ft
TITLE : lew Visibility for On-site Baste Treataent Systeas
SOUBCE: Coapost science, 17(5): 12-14
TEftB : 1976
TEXT : Low residential areas in Rassachusetts can be econosically served by
on-site systeas, with as auch as 79 percent savings. However, though
Mthods of on-site wastewater treataent are aow being atudiad, publi-
cised and daaonatrated, their acceptance is lacking becauae of insuffi-
cient data on systeas and their long-tera effects (e.g. coapostina
toilet), ft tabulated suaaary of Boa-Sewered Baste Hanageaent Deaonatra-
tion Projects is included. (SBF)
ICC* :	L000076
ftUTHOB:	ftnonyaous
ftFFXL :	l/ft
TITLE :	Portable Plant Beets Tertiary Bequireaents
SOUBCE:	ftaerican City Bagaxine, 86 (3): 63
TEftB :	1971

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19
EXT : Tertiary reguiraents for wastewater have been aet by aeans of a portable
activated sludge/ultrafiltration unit at Pike's Peak, Colorado. The
test plant can treat up to 15,000 gallons per day, while producing only
0.06 gallons of sludge per 1000 gallons of effluent. (SWF)
CC# s 1000077
UTHOR: Lee, 0.6.
FFIL : Bousing and urban Development, Washington, D.C.
'ITLE : HDD's Response to the Bousing Crisis - Current Bztent of Agency In-
volvement
iOURCE: Individual Onsite Wastewater Systess; Proceedings of the Third Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1976; pp. 43-51
1977
Presents a suaaary of BOD's efforts to cope with rural-urban population
shifts and the environmental ispacts such a shift entails as related to
sewage treatment. A work statement that explains BOD's objectives in
dealing with these aforementioned problems is outlined. (SWF)
Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, 81 48106
BAB
'BIT

iCC# : 1000078
OTHORs Appelgren, W.; Jorsback, J.; Baesland, 6.; Olsson, B.R.
iFFIL : Saltsjobaden, Sweden
IITLE : Sewerage System for Bouses Particularly in Rural Areas
iOUBCE: U.S. Patect Office Official Gazette, 884(2): 578
BAB : 1971
!BXT : Patent claims that solid and semi-solid impurities can be removed from
household wastewater by aeans of a centrifugal filter-type mechanical
strainer. The effluent produced is suitable for pumping into a narrow
sever. The filter can be disposable or renewable. (Sir)
iCC# : 1000079
LOT HOB: Dearth, K.
iFFIL : BPA, flunicipal Constructions Division, Washington, D.C.
IITLE : O.S. EPA Response to PI 92-500 Belating to Rural Wastewater Probleas
IOURCE: Individual Onsite Wastewater Systems; Proceedings of the Third Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1976; pp. 37-41
[BAR s 1977
CEXT : Presents BPA's three-step grants procedure established to cover all
phases of the wastewater treatment works construction program. Discusses
briefly the applicability of section 201 grants to various on-site
systems. (SWF)
:OB : inn Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, BI 48106
kCC# : 1000080
kOTBOB: Blankenship, b.B.
IFFIL : Irving, TX
TITLE : Automatic Incinerating Orinal
IOURCE: U.S. Patent office Official Gazette, 896(3): 841
FBAB : 1972
TEXT : A waterless urinal comprised of a bowl having a drain which opens into
an insulated electric incinerator having a pan in the bottom thereof
and switch aeans actuated by use of the urinal for activating the heater
of the urinal for a period of time. (AO)
ICC# : L000081
UJTBOR: Leich, B.B.
IFFIL 1 B/A
riTIB : Severless Sanitation: Clean Water Act Strengthens On-Site Ideas
500BCB1 Compost Science, 19: 32
TBAB : 1978
TBXT : Discusses the Clean Water Act provisions for establishing a national
clearinghouse of information on on-site, individual, or alternative
sewage disposal systems. Procedures and reguirements for procuring
grants from EPA to construct such systems are also presented. (SWF)
ICC# : 1000082
IOTBOR: Bouaa, J.
IFFIL : Soil Survey institute, wageningen, The Betherlands
riTLB t unsaturated Flow During Soil Treatment of Septic Tank Effluent
5O0BCE: ASCB Journal of Environmental Engineering Division, 101(BB6): 967-983
fBAB : 1975
rBXT t Unsaturated flow as a parameter to achieve adeguate purification of
septic tank effluent is discussed. Column studies and field monitoring
of homes in Wisconsin showed that the capacity of the soil to accept,
conduct, and purify septic tank effluent is determinable only if
appropriate hydraulic conductivity (k) curves are available for the soil
in question. a suggested empirical design criteria for field systems
is presented. (SWF)

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20
ICC* : L000083
1OTHOB: Burant, H., Jr.
AFFIL : Rothschild, HI
TITLE : Savage Sludge and Garbage Grinder
SOURCE: U.S. Patent Office Official Gazette, 897(4): 1272
YEAR : 1972
TEXT : Patent for a sewage sludge and garbage grinder that moves sludge
radially outward to the cutters and trough through slots to the outlet.
(SWF)
ACC* : L000084
AUTHOR: Carcich, I.G.; Farre11, R.P.; Hetling, L.J.
AFFIL : Mew York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, HY
TITLE : Pressure Sewer Demonstration Project
SOURCE: Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 44(2): 165-175
TEAR : 1972
TEXT : in investigation of the potential applications of pressure sewers by
the Hew York state Department of Environmental Conservation's Research
and Development unit is discussed. The features of a pilot demonstration
project serving 12 townhouses in Albany, lew York are described.
Features and criteria for selection of the components utilized, in-
cluding the monitoring equipment and evaluation programs, are discussed.
The evaluation of the system or its performance are not discussed in
this paper. (SWF)
ICC* : L000085
AUTHOR; Claanch, R. W.
AFFIL : Rev Orleans, LA
TITLE : Sewage Disposal System with Reusable Flush Medium
SOURCE: U.S. Patent Office Official Gazette, 900(1): 12
YEAR : 1972
TEXT : Patent provides for the use of a recyclable flushing medium in place of
water for disposing of toilet wastes and then separating the flushing
medium from the waste. (SBF)
ACC# : L000086
AUTHOR: coolbroth, F.
AFFIL : Coolbroth-Sitton Septic Tanks, Inc., Minneapolis, HI
TITLE : The Sewage Osmosis Concept to Eliminate Ground Hater Pollution
SOURCE: Proceedings of Second Annual Illinois Private Sewage Disposal Symposium;
1977s pp. 97-102
YEAR : 1977
TEXT : The movement of water through clay soils was investigated. This investi-
gation showed how to increase the lateral movement of water through
clay. In the experiments, dissimilar materials were buried on opposite
ends of a lined bed or on opposite sides of drainfield trenches, and an
electrical potential of one volt direct current between cathode end
anode was created. The enhanced upward movement of water and gases
through the soil by capillarity was stated to be the greatest benefit
of this scheme. (SWF)
ACC* : L000087
AUTHOR: Cross, F.
AFFIL : Soil Conservation Service, Information Division, Washington, D.C.
TITLE : Hound Systems Aid in Sewage Disposal
SOURCE: Soil Conservation, 36(3): 63
YEAR : 1970
TEXT : Describes a variation of the "Hodak sound system" used by residents
of Clark County, Wisconsin, to remedy the problem of disposing sewage
into non-percolating soil found in that area. (SWF)
ACC* : L000088
AUTHOR: Goodman, G.J.
AFFIL : Choaeday, Laval, Canada
TITLE : Septic to Aerobic Sewage Treatment Conversion Apparatus
SOURCE: U.S. Patent Office Official Gazette, 893(2): 564
YEAR ] 1971
TEXT : This patent describes how septic tanks can be converted to aerobic
treatment units by adding • system of baffles and countercurrent air
diffusers. (SWF)
ACC* : L000089
AUTHOR: Healy, K.A.; Laak, R.
AFFIL : University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
TITLE : Site Evaluation and Design of Seepage Fields
SOURCE: ASCE Journal of the Environmental Engineering Division, 100 (EE5):
1133-1146
YEAR : 1974
TEXT : Septic tank effluent can be indefinitely absorbed by soil if the
application rate is kept below a certain level, which is a function of
soil permeability. This acceptance rate is independent of whether the
soil is flooded continuously or intermittently. Groundwater flow below

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21
a seepage field is, in aany cam, a function of the hydraulic con-
ductivity of the ground surrounding tha fiald. Tachniqaas foe site
evaluation of soil peraeability, depth to watar table, and depth to any
iapervious strata ara praaantad along with dasign exaaples. (SWF)
ACC# : L000090
AOTHOB: Jewell, V.J.; Bowley, J.B.; Perrin, D.B.
AFFIL : Cornall University, Ithaca, IT
TITLE : Design Guidelines for Septic Tank Sludge Treataent and Disposal
SOOBCB: Progress in Rater Technology, 7(2): 191-205
COST s
YE1H : 1975
TBZT : Laboratory studies indicated that centralised aerated lagoons, or
aerobic digestion units, provided the best aeans of treating saptaga.
Twenty-four saaples of saptaga obtained froa a local contractor supplied
the feed for tha seven aerated lagoons, 14 aerobic digestion units and
one anaerobic digestion unit. Devatering saptaga with sand drying beds
was found to be unfeasible. However, aerobic treatsant or chesical
additives substantially increased devatering rates. Foasing and odor
vera najor probleas vith aerobic systeas due to the presence of house-
hold detergents in the septage. Conventional saptaga treataent by
existing aunicipal facilities was judged to be inadequate. See L000034.
(SWF)
1,000091
Janicek, 6.P.; Siapson, H. B.
AIBVAC, Rochester, II
Tacuua Sewage Transport and Collection
Pollution Engineering, 5(9): 76-79
1973
The physical and aconosic requireaants of vacuua sewage collection
systeas and soaa of their component design details are discussed. Con-
struction, aaintenance, operation costs and personnel requiresents of
preaaure/vacuua systeas are coapared to traditionally sewered systess.
(SWF)
1000092
Kroschel, B.L.
Farallonea Institute, Berkeley, CA
Experiences with Owner-Built Onsite Waste Banageaent Systeas in
California
Individual Onsite Wastewater systess; Proceedings of the Fourth Bational
Conference; Bational Sanitation Foundation; 1977; pp. 173-187
1978
Describes the Farallones Institute's two-year experiaent with its design
for a batch-type coaposting privy and suggested aodificationa for ia-
proved operation. Includes a general description of owner-bailt on-site
toilets in which water is conserved and waste is recycled to the soil.
Also describes the design and operation of a drua privy and a solar
waste pasteurising oven. Health issues involved in the use of coaposted
huaan waste as a soil aaendaent are discussed. (SWF)
COW : Ann Arbor science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Irbor, BI 48106
ICC# :
10TH0B:
AFFIX :
TITLE :
SOOBCB:
YBAB
TBZT :
ACC# i
10TH0B:
AFFIL :
TITLE :
SOOBCB:
TBAB 1
TEXT
ACC« : L000093
A0TBOB: Stafford, b.t.
kFFIL : O.S. Senate, Washington, D.c.
TITLE : Keynote Address to the Fourth Bational Conference on Individual Onsite
wastewater Systeas
SOOBCB: Individual Onsite Wastewater Systess; Proceedings of the Fourth Bational
Conference; wational Sanitation Foundation; 1977; pp. 5-1*
TBAB : 1978
TBZT : Discusses sose proposed aaendaents to the 1972 Federal water Pollution
Control Act and environaental objectives for rural areas: asking
privately owned wastewater systess under public saaageaent eleigible
for federal funding, establishing a national clearinghouse for the
dissesination of inforsation on alternative treataent, requiring
rural states to use at least four percent of their construction grant
aoney for alternative treataent facilities, and allowing two percent
of aach state's construction grant allotaeat to be used for adainistra-
tioa of grant prograas. (SWF)
COB : Ann Arbor Science Publishers, lac.
P.O. Box 1*25
Ann Arbor, HI 48106
ACCt :	L000094
AUTHOR:	Bouna, J.; Converse, J.C.; Hagdoff, F.B.
AFFZL >	University of Wisconsin, Hadison, WI
TITLE t	Dosing and Besting to Isprove Soil Absorption Beds
SOOBClt	Transactions of the ASAB; 17(2): 295-298
YIAB :	1974

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22
TBXT : The practical significance of dosing (as opposed to continuous trickle)
nbsufact seepage beds is explored. Field studies over a ten aonth
period were conducted in a 28 inch seepage trench with effluent dosing
controlled by a tiae clock relay control box. The average aeasured
loading was 0.8 gal/sq. ft./day, which is 33 percent higher than the
current Wisconsin State health code value. Besalts indicate a dual-
trench dosing systes conld provide a longer life expectancy for a
leaching field with a saaller area. (SIF)
ACC* : 1000095
APTBOB: Holcer, T.l.
AFFIL : University of Connecticut, storrs, CT
TITLE : Liaits to Growth and Septic Tanks
SOOBCB: Proceedings of the Baral Environnental Engineering Conference on Hater
Pollution Control in Low Density Areas; 1975; Paper lo. 6; pp. 65-74
TEAS : 1975
TEXT i The effect of septic tank effluent on groundwater quality aay be a
Halting factor for population growth. Data review of groundwater
quality showed that, based on recharge, septic tank effluent could
substantially contaainate groundwater if a large aaount is discharged
into regions where groundwater circulates in a very thin zone near the
surface. The suitability of an area for the use of conventional septic
tank systeas was found to be a function of potential leaching field
failure, groundwater contaaination, and population density. The
particular exaaple discusses the bill area of eastern Connecticut. (SAP)
COR : University Press of lew England
Hanover, IB 03755
ICC* : L000096
AOTHOB: Cotteral, J.A., Jr.; lorris, D.P.
inil : Brown t Caldwell, San Francisco, CA
TITLE : Septic Tank Systeaa
SOOBCB: ASCE Journal of the sanitary Engineering Division, 95(SA4): 715-746
TBAB : 1969
TBXT : Surveys show that 30 percent of the septic systeas in Harin and Alaaeda
Counties, California, are failing. The failure rate of these systeas is
generally 100 percent within 12 years. Becoaaendations and regulations
for septic task systeas ia Sarin County are discussed. A coaparative
table of regulationa for septic systeas for selected counties in
California is incladed. Seasons for septic tank systea failure att
possible reaedial aeasures are discussed in detail. Several survey
saaaary tables are provided. (SIP)
ACC# : L000097
AOTHOB: GodSard, B.K.
AFFIL : Departaent of Bnvironaental Besources, Barrisburg, PA
TITLE : The Social, Econoaic and Political Zapacts of Onlot Sewage Diaposal
SOOBCB: Individual Onsite lastewater Systeas; Proceedings of the Third lational
Conference; lational Sanitation Foundation; 1976; pp.15-20
TBAB : 1977
TEXT : General discussion of the econoaic, political, and social iapact of on-
site sewage disposal in Pennsylvania. The liaited availability of
suitable land (30 percent nationally) for on-site systeaa is of aajor
iaportance to planners. Bevision or expansion of regulations on on-site
alternatives can actually aake aore land suitable. Inforaation gaps be-
tween the technical or regulatory agency and the general public were
cited as political and social bulwarks against environnental plans and
progress. (SIF)
CO! : Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, HI 48106
ACC* : L000098
AOTHOB: Hiddendorf, l.B.
AFFIL s Peaasylvania Departaent of Bnvironaental Beaourcea, Harriaburg, PA
TITLB : Hanageaent Guidelines for Conventional and Alternative Onaite Sewage
Syatess-Pennsylvania
SOOBCB: Individual Onsite lastewater Syateas; Proceedings of the Third lational
Conference; lational sanitation Foundation; 1976; pp. 195-200
TEA! : 1977
TEXT : Presents the uae of a perait issuance prograa as a aanageaent tool for
on-site treataent systeas in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania's aanageaent
systea is discussed in soae detail. (SIP)
COl : Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ana Arbor, Bl 48106
ACC* : L000099
AOTHOB: Droakard, A.J., Jr.; stinsoa, J.B.
AFFIL : Hansfield, OH
TITLE : Apparatus for Pneuaatic Transportation of Sanitary lasts froa a Toilet
to a Holding Taak

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23
SOUBCB: U.S. Patent Office Official Gasette, 898(4): pp. 1118-1119
YEAB : 1972
TEXT : Patent describes a system for pneumatically transporting sanitary toilet
waste to holding tank by using a vacua* pump to reduce the pressure in
the holding tank transfer conduit and in the lacerating portion of the
toilet. (SWF)
ACC# : L000100
AUTHOR: Evans, J.L.
AFFIL : Ohio Department of Health
TITLE : The Ohio Experience with Innovative On-site Savage System Designs
SOOBCE: Proceedings of second Annual Illinois Private Sewage Disposal Sysposium;
1977; pp. 132-1*7
TEAB : 1977
TEXT : 1 critical assessment of Ohio's sanitary code as it relates to design
features of innovative on-site sewage systess. (SWF)
ICC# : L000101
IOTHOB: Glenn, D.B.; Federico, J.G.
IFFIt : General Electric Company, Philadelphia, Pi
[ITLE : The Ispact of Pressure Sewers on the Wation*s Water Besources
50UBCB: water Besoorces Bulletin, 7(5): 1081-1092
IEAB s 1971
rEXT : Pressure sewer systess are coapared with conventional gravity sewer
systess. The benefits of pressure sewers are cited. Iteeized cost coa-
parisons are presented for pressure and gravity sewers for a hypotheti-
cal community's sewer systes. (SWF)
ICC# : 1.000102
IOTHOB: Harkin, J.H.; Jawson, H.D.
IFFIL : University of Wisconsin, Radison, WI
riTlE : Clogging and Unclogging of Septic Systes Seepage Beds
!OUBCE: Proceedings of Second Annual Illinois Private Sewage Disposal Sysposium;
1977s pp. 11-21
rSAB : 1977
[EXT : Hydrogen peroxide was used on failed septic systess in an attespt to
unclog the seepage beds. Laboratory coloans and field systess showed
that hydrogen peroxide added directly to the seepage beds will solabi-
lls* sulfide depositions that clog soil pores. Preventive treatsent is
recossended over remedial treatment of failed septic systems. See
L000032. (SWF)
ICC# : L000103
IOTHOB: Jones, E.E., Jr.
lFFIL : OSDA, Beltsville Agricultural Besearch center, Beltsville, HD
IITLE : Improving Subsurface Disposal Systes Performance
IOUBCE: Proceedings of Second annual Illinois Private Sewage Disposal Symposium;
1977; pp. 64-82
IEAB s 1977
!BXT : Reviews past work of other researchers with regard to septic tank
effluent disposal performance and useful life expectancy of the sub-
surface disposal systems. Data for determining the life expectancy of
a system for various soils is presented. Improvement of leaching bed
lifa expectancy by use of alternate bed loading schemes is discussed.
(SWF)
,cc# : L000104
iUTHOB: Kemper, J.H.
FFIL : Hollywood, Cl
ITLB : Recirculating Toilet System and Filter Therefor
lOOBCB: U.S. Patent Office Official Gaxette, 898(3): 870
BIB : 1972
'EXT : Portable toilet system with a perforated setal filter having openings
which allow a ainimal liguid flow rate into the interior of the filter.
This prevents movement of wastes and paper which tend to block the
filter openings when in operation. (SWF)
CC# : L000105
UTBOB: Kemper, J.H.
FFIL : Los Angeles, CA
ITLE : Self-contained Becirculating Sanitary Systes
OUBCB: U.S. Patent Office Official eaiette, 891(3): 865
BAB : 1972
EXT : Patent for a recirculating toilet systes whereby a manually activated
diaphragm pump supplies flushing sedius to a bowl. A portion of the flow
is diverted to drive a pump which delivers a deodorising chemical into
the storage tank. (SWF)
CC# :	L000106
UTHOB:	Jay, F.A.; Kroesche, J.L.
FFIL :	Lockwood, Andrews ( levnan, Austin, TX
ITLE :	state Park Gets Good Treatment

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2«
SOOBCB: Batar and Hastes Engineering, 13(11): 65-66, 71
TBftB
text
1976
Pressurized collection networks with variable capacity • robl-M
tanks and an effluent Irrigation systes were used to coebat pro i
engendered by topography, soil, and effluent	. 7(1 oan
lake State P«k, Texas. Seasonal flow variations of 3,000 to 70,000
gallons per day dictated the use of a flexible •*tsn***"a#ratt p
The selection of the design criteria is discussed. (S»rj
ICC* : 1000107
fttJTHOR: Lagstron, 6.2.
ftFFli : stockhola, Sweden
TITLB : Electric Toilet
SOOBCB: U.S. patent Office Official saxette, 894(2): 072
TMB s 1972	. . _ •	fin
TBXT ; Patent for incinerating toilet waste by seans of a built-in e
coabnation cbaaber and grid, ft flue and a renovable ash box
featured. (SWF)
»CC«
ACTTHOH:
1FFI1 s
TITLB :
SOOBCB:
TUB :
TBXT s
ftcc# :
ftOTBOB:
IFFii :
TITLB s
SOOBCB:
TBftB t
TBXT :
»CC# ;
ftOTBOB:
ftFFIl :
TITLB :
SOOBCB:
YBftB i
TBXT :
ftcc# :
ftOTBOB:
ftFFIL .
TITLB :
SOOBCB:
TBftB :
TBXT :
COB
1000108
lelch, H.H.
Bethesda, HD
Better later Besources Through Sewerless Sanitation
Water Resources Bulletin, 13(2): 401-407
1977
Central discussion of alternative, on-site waste disposal systeas now
available or under development. Aerobic treatment units, recycling,
cosposting, incinerating and closed-loop toilets, as well as pressure
systeas, are briefly described. (SWF)
L000109
BecCallus, B.
C. flacCallua-Consulting Engineers, Fort Washington, L.I., IT
Treat Septic-Tank Bastes Separately
ftaerican City Bagazine, 86(1): 48-09
1971
ft waste treatnent systee was built in 1965 in Babylon, BT, to handle
cesspool and septic tank puspage. The scavenger wastes (septage) are
treated with chlorine to fore hypochlorous acid an^ nascent oxygen-
Organic natter is converted into a stable, nonodorous sludge by -e
Purifax (B) chesical oxidixer. The facility, in operation for four
years, reguires slnisal maintenance and is operated with fees collected
fron puapers. (SWF)
1000110
BacGregor, ft.; Tuffey, T.J.
*oy F. Beaton, Inc., lest Chester, ?ft
On-Lot Disposal Banageaent Districts	, _	.
Proceedings of Second ftnaual Illinois Private Sewage Disposal symposium,
1977} pp. 148-158
1977
Provides a rationale for on-site wastewater systeas as an alternative
or prelude to centralised gravity sewers in low density or developing
areas. Banagesent is a requirement for either interia or long-term
reliance on on-site systeas. Describes the concept of On-lot Disposal
Hanageaent Districts, "coaaunity absorption fields" and options for
their structure, function, and role in planning for growth. (SWF)
L000111
Killer# J.C.
University of Delaware; Bewark, DB	.
Bltrate Contamination of the fater-Table ftguifer by Septic Tank Systess
in the coastal Plaia of Delaware
Proceedings of Bnral Bnviroaental Engineering conference on water
Pollution Control in low Density ftreas; 1975; Paper Bo. 11; pp- 121-133
1975
Investigation to determine the causes of nitrate contasination of well
water in two suburban areas were undertaken when high levels of
the substance were found. Bitrates were not found la areas where
the abundance of water disallowed the change of aaaonia and organic
nitrogen into nitrate. Bitrates were, however, found in abundance in
the well saaples from arena with peraeable soli and septic tanks which
rarely overflowed. The findings tend to support the belief that septic
teaks have detrlaental effects on grouad water in areas with high
density suburban development.
: Oniversity Press of Bew Bngland
Banover, BH 03755
ftCC# : 1000112
BUTBOB* Borrlll, 6.B., III; Toler, 1.6.
IFF II : B/J

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25
icci :
10TH0B:
iffil :
TITLE s
SOOBCB:
mi :
TEXT s
TITLE : Effect of Septic Tank Hastes on Quality of Hater, Ipswich and Shawsheen
Biver Basins, Massachusetts
SOOBCB: U.S. Geological survey, Journal of Besearch, 1(1): 117-120
YBIB : 1973
Tazt : Hany housing projects in tka aetropolitan araa of Boston are beyond
the reach of aunicipal sewer systeas. Baste water disposed of through
septic tank or cesspool systess percolates to ground water reservoirs
and eventually reaches the streams. The dissolved solids load in the
streaas receiving septic tank effluent is increased by an aaount that
can be predicted froa the housing density, in the study area,
highway deicing salts are the only aaterials other than septic tank
discharge that contribute to water quality degradation. The effect
of these salts on the relationship with housing density is elisinated
by subtracting the specific conductance due to soldias chloride fron the
¦easured specific conductance of a water sasple. The difference is
called residual conductance and is proportional to the dissolved
solids content sinus the concentration of sodiua chloride, (to)
L000113
Otis, B.J.; Bousa, J.; Walker, 1.6.
Oniversity of Wisconsin, Hadison, hi
Unifora Distribution in Soil ibsorption Fields
Proceedings of the Second Rational Groundwater Quality Syaposiua; 197*;
pp. 81-89
197*
Failure of septic tank absorption systess causes: (1) inadequate
infiltration of effluent into soil due to soil clogging or an increase
in loading which results in surfacing septic tank effluent, and (2)
inadequate purification in the soil during percolation because of short
travel tiaes which can be due either to presence of very perneable,
shallow soils or to local overloading. Inadequate purification nay
result in pathogenic pollution of private well water supplies. Failures
of the second type can be prevented through proper design and operation
of the soil absorption field. Omifora distribution of the septic tank
effluent over the entire soil absorption field is necessary to relieve
this situation. (10)
ICC# : L000114
lOTHOBt Sproul, O.J.
kFFIL : Dniversity of Baine, Orono, HE
tITLI t Tiros Hovenent into Groundwater froa Septic Tank Systess
SOOBCB: Proceedings of the Bural Environmental Engineering Conference on Hater
Pollution Control in Low Density ireas; 1975; Paper Ho. 12; pp. 135-1*4
rilB : 1975
TEXT : Hethoda of predicting the capacity of a septic tank soil absorption
systen to reaove viruses are discussed. Criteria necessary to
evaluate these aethods are briefly outlined with aany references
cited. Tiruses appear in water that has been subjected to dosestic
wastewater contamination. Provides evidence for the need to assess the
discharge aethods in order to reduce well water and surface water con-
tamination. (SHF)
:OH : Oniversity Press of Hew England
Hanover, HH 03755
ICC# : L000115
10TH0B: Bouaa, J.
IFFIL : Oniversity of Wisconsin, College of agriculture and Life Science,
Hadison, HI
TITLE : Innovative On-site Soil Disposal and Treatment Systeas for Septic Tank
Effluent
SOOBCB: Proceedings of the Rational Hone Sewage Disposal Syaposiua; 1974;
IS1E Publication Proc-175; pp. 152-162
TEIE J 1975
rBXT : The process of designing an adequate soil absorption systea should
consider: 1) level of purification desired, 2) range of natural and
san-lnduced hydraulic conditions of the soil, and 3) hydraulic
conditions necessary to achieve the desired purification level, k
systea design should incorporate construction and management
techniques that will achieve theme desirable hydraulic conditions.
Design implications of four soil typem are demcribed. (SHF)
COH : American Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Hilem Boad
St. Joseph, HI 49085
ICC# :	L000116
I0THOB:	Greanstein, B.I.
IPFIL :	H/l
riTLE >	The Beleaguered Bole of the Septic Tank
SOOBCB!	Proceedings of the national Hone Sewage Disposal Syapomium; 1974;
iSIE Publication Proc-175; pp. 14-16
TUB t	1975

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26
TEXT : the Florida Septic Tank Association was foraed to unify "P11®
contractors in the state. Their parpose is to emphasize the laportanc
of on-site systeas to Florida*s econoaic growth and health. Priaary
goals, principles, and policies of the association are explained, (s
COR : Aaerican Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Road
St. Joseph, HI 49085
ICC* : L000117
IDTBOB: Jones, E.E., Jr.	,
AFFIL : o.S. Departaent of agriculture, agriculture Besources Service,
Beltsville, HD	.
TITLE s Doaastic later Use in Individual Hones and Hydraulic Loading of ana
Discharge froa Septic Tanks	-«<»¦.
SOUBCE: Proceedings of the Rational Roae Sewage Disposal syaposiua: is".
ASAE Publication Proc-175; pp. 89-103
TEAB : 197ft	.
TEXT : Field studies of septic tank perforaaoce showed that efficiency was
directly related to hydraulic loading in the septic tank. It was
found that high rate interaittent dosing of the disposal fields,
rather than continuous reduced rate loading, was conducive to gooa
effluent distribution and prevention of field clogging. (SWF)
CO! : iaerican Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Boad
St. Joseph, BI 49085
ACC# r L000118
AOTBOB: Green, K.B.; diver, D.O.
1FFIL : University of Wisconsin, Badlson, >1
TITLE : Beaoval of Virus froa Septic Tank Effluent By Sand Coluans
SOOBCE: Proceedings of the National Hose Sewage Disposal syaposiua; 197ft;
ASAE Publication Proc-175; pp. 137-143
TUB : 1975
TEXT : Sand coluans were laboratory tested to deteraine their effectiveness
for virus reaoval. Three variables tested were coluan conditioning,
hydraulic dose rate and teaperature. Effectiveness was seasured
in teras of virus inactivation, detention, or reaoval. The sand was
shown to reaove poliovirus effectively froa septic tank effluent. «
effectiveness of virus reaoval was proportional to the coluan lengtn.
The sand was less retentive of viruses at low teaperatures and at
high fluid saturation. (SWF)
CO* • iaerican Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Boad
St. Joseph, BI 49085
ACC# : L000119	,
AOTHOBs Laak, B.; Kolega, J.J.; Cosensa, B.J.; Weinberg, B.S.; Winnaberger, J.
AFFIL : University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT	_	.
TITLE : Feasibility Studies on Utilixing Sodiua Bicarbonate with Septic Tank
Systeas
SOOBCEt Proceedings of the Rational Boae Sewage Disposal Syaposiua; 197«»;
ASAE Publication Proc-175; pp. 202-209
TSAB : 1975
TEXT s Discussion of a nuaber of experiaents in which concentrations or
sodiua bicarbonate were added to septic tank and laboratory experlaent-
atlon cylinders. The cheaical aay enhance the buffering capacity
solids digestion in the tank, reduce suspended solids, and affect soil
clogging, but these results were preliainary and inconclusive. (SWF)
COR : Aaerican Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Riles Boad
St. Joseph, BI 40985
ACC* : L000120
AOTBOB: Karikari, T.J.; Beer, C.B.; Saith, B.J.
AFFXL ? Xowa state University of Science and Technology, Aaes, IA
TITLE : Treataent of a Besidentlal Septic Tank Effluent in an Aerobic Lagoon
SOOBCE: Proceedings of the Rational Boae Sewage Disposal Syaposiua; 1974;
ASAE Publicaticn Proc-175; pp. 144-151
TBAB s 1975
TEXT : Laboratory experiaents related soil depth to perforaance of leachfields,
and the change in quality of raw septic tank effluent after treataent
in an aerobic lagoon was evaluated on the basis of COD, BOD, aasonia-
nitrogen, Kjeldahl-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, orthoshosphate, and
total solids. Results show loading rates and soil depth effected
treataent efficiency. COD and TS reduction was not significant and
phosphorus absorption efficiency reached saturation levels after six
weeks. Tabulated data for each paraaeter are included.(SWF)
COR : Aaerican society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Riles Boad
St. Joseph, BI 49085

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27
ICC* : L000121
AUTHOR: Hagdoff, F.R.; Bouaa, J.
AFFIL : Oniversity of Vermont, Burlington
TITLE : The Development of Soil Clogging in Sands Leached with Septic Tank
Effluent
SOORCE: Proceedings of tba Bational Boaa Sewage Disposal Symposium; 1974;
ASAB Publication Proc-175; pp. 37-47
TEAB : 1975
TBZT : Describes an experisental study of cruat development in sand columns
dosad irith septic tank effluent. Field and laboratory tests raTeal soil
clogging is caused by isotropic organic compounds and opagaa organic
fragnants in tba soil poras. Tensioaeters saasarad tba hydraulic
conductivity through crusts, while their resistance to flow was
evaluated using a physical flow coapntar aodal. (SWF)
CO* : American Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Boad
St. Joseph, HI 49085
ICC# : 1000122
AOTHOB: Hatelski, B.P.
AFFIL s Penn State University, Oniversity Park, PA
TITLE : The Field Percolation Bate of Pennsylvania Soils for Septic Tank
Drainage Fields
SOOBCB: The Pennsylvania State Oniversity, Agricultural Experiment station;
Progress Report #345; 35 pages
YEAR : 1975
Text t Listing of percolation rates for aodal profiles of 90 Pennsylvania soils
based on 2000 field tests taken froa 250 sites in 41 counties. The
variation in results is discussed in relation to aeasured and observed
soil characteristics. (SWF)
ICC# : L000123
AOTBOB: HcGauhey, P.H.
ftPFIL t Oniversity of California, Berkeley
TITLE : Septic Tanks and Their Effects on the Environaent
SOOBCB: Proceedings of the Bucal Environmental Engineering Conference on water
Pollution Control in Low Density Areas; 1975; Paper Bo. 4; pp. 43-54
YSAB s 1975
Text : The various percolation systems; cesspools, narrow trenches
and seepage beds, deep trenches and seepage pits, sand filters and
evapotransporation systems, are briefly described and evaluated in
teras of treataent effectiveness and environmental impact. (SWF)
COB : Oniversity Press of Bew England
Hanover, BB 03755
ACC# : L000124
A0THOB: Beneau, R.B., Jr.; Pettry, D.E.
AFFIL : Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Oniversity, Blacksburg, YA
TITLE : Phosphorus Distribution from Septic Tank Effluent in Coastal Plain Soils
SOOBCB: Journal of Bnviromental Quality, 5(1): 34-39
YBAB : 1976
Text : Phosphorus (P) accumulation in two soils with high perched water tables
were aonitored as a function of distance and depth to determine the
fata of P from septic effluent in natural soil systems. The soils
studied were Yarina and Goldsboro sandy loans. Piezometers were placed
at selected distances and depths froa the drainfield in the direction
of groundwater flow to determine both vertical and lateral P movement.
Soil P was fractionated to determine the type and extent of soil P
fractions adjacent to the drainfield. (AO)
ACCt : L000125
AUTHOR: Brandes, H.
AFFIL : Binistry of the Environment, Pollution Control Branch, Toronto, Canada
TITLE : Effective Phosphorus Removal by Adding Alum to Septic Tank
SOOBCB: Journal of the Hater Pollution Control Federation, 49(11): 2285-2296
TEAS : 1977
TEXT : In rural areas where no proper soil mantle for subsurface wastewater
disposal is available, the main contaminants must be removed from the
wastewater before the septic tank effluent leaves the tank. An
origional method of alum dosing is presented, along with its results in
terns of removal of phosphorus and other contaminants. An excellent
mixing of the alum with the raw wastewater was obtained by regularly
injecting portions of liquid alum into the tank with each flushing of
the toilet. At a ratio of Al:P*2.0, a 96 percent removal of P was
achieved and total and fecal coliforn counts dropped to 8000 and less
than 1000/100 ml, respectively. The sludge accumulation rate increased
from 62 to 146 1/y. (AO)
ACC# :	L000126
AOTBOB:	Bailey, J.; Wallaan, H.
AFFIL :	General Dynamics Corp., 6roton, CT
TITLE :	A Survey of Bousehold Waste Treatment Systems

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28
SOOBCE: Journal of Hater Foliation Control Federation, 13(12): 23U9-60
TUP s 1971	.
TEXT : Individual residential waste treatment equipment was evaluated basea
field data and manufacturer's information. Anaerobic and aerobic
systems are described and compared by initial cost, operating cost an
effluent quality. Varying soil conditions were taken into considera-
tion. (SWF)
ACC« : L000127
AUTHOR: Calabro, J.F.; Cosenza, B.J.; Kolega, J.J.
AFFIL : Pennsylvania Water and Gas Coapany, Scranton, PA
TITLE : Bacteriophages Recovered Froa Septage
SOOBCE: Journal of later Pollution Control Federation, »4(12): 2355-58
YBAB : 1972	. .
TEXT : A study was made to (a) determine the presence of bacteriophage in
septage where nunbers of coliforss are sarkedly reduced, (b) examine
their morphology and host specificity and (c) detect any biological
effects of linear alkyl sulfonate (LAS) on phage attachment in the
systea. Three active filtrates were recovered, and two distinct
aorphological types were observed with an electron microscope. The
short-tail phage infected Citrobacter Freundii, Escherichia coli, an
cell wall sutants of Salmonella Typhimurium, and a long-tail phage
specific for Shigella Plexneri. Host specificity suggested three
different types. Only rough strains of hosts were found to be sus-
ceptible to phage. Concentrations of LAS normally encountered in
septage showed no deleterious effect on the phage and host aodel syst
used. (AO)
ACC# : L000128
AOTBOB: Carcich, 1.6.; Betling, L.J.; Parrell, B.P.
AFFIL : lew York state Departsent of Environmental Conservation, Albany, ¦ »
TITLE : Pressure Sewer Demonstration	.
SOOBCE: ASCE Journal of Enviroaental Engineering Division, 100 (EE1): 25-*o
IBAB : 197H
TEXT : Project demonstrates the feasibility of pressure sewers as a viable
alternative to conventional gravity sewers. The 12 units tested ln .
Albany, lew York, over a 13 month period proved to be mechanically
after some initial problems were resolved. The system consists or
individual in-home grinder pumps that force macerated solids and
liquids through 1-1/» inch plastic pipe to larger pressurised sewer
mains. Extensive automatic monitoring equipment was used to documen
effectiveness. (SWF)
ACCt : L000129
AOTBOB: Leich, B.B.
AFFIL : l/A
TITLE : Oil-Flushed Toilets Sain
SOOBCE: Compost Science, 18(1): 25
IBAB : 1977
TEXT : Brief description of the oil flushed toilet systea, its operating
experience in several national park facilities, and the potential
use ln residential and marine conditions. (SWF)
ACC# : L000130
AOTBOB: Wilson, 6.E.; Buang, J.Y.C.
AFFIL : Eutek, Inc., Sacramento, CA	.
TITLE : Case Study: Cost Effective Evaluation of On-Site Wastewater Banagement
Systems in Onsewered Areas
SOOBCE: Proceedings of the Illinois Private Sewage Disposal Symposium; 1978;
pp, 67-111
IBAB j 1978
TEXT s Provides criteria for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of on-site
wastewater management programs, oses a case study of Stinson Beach,
California, as an example of planning for on-site wastewater treatment.
Discusses the incorporation of a community's needs and values in the
planning process. (SWF)
ICC# : L000131
AOTBOB: Bhett, J.T.
AFFIL : EPA, Deputy Assistant Administrator for water Programs Operations,
Washington, D.C.
TITLE » OWPO policy
SOOBCE: Bational Conference on Less Costly Wastewater Treatment Systems for
Small communities; 1977; pp. 80-82 (BPA-600/9-79-010; ITIS Beport lo.
PB 293 254/AS)
COST : $6.50
TBAB : 1978
TEXT : A brief review of BPA policy elements as they concern discussions at
the 197* conference on "Less costly Wastewater Disposal Systems to
Small Communities". (SWF)

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29
CO!
ICC* :
IOTBOB:
IPPIL :
TITLE :
SOOBCE:
COST :
TEIB
TEXT :
ICC* j
IOTBOB:
IPPIL :
TITLE t
SOOBCE:
TEIB :
TEXT :
¦TIS
5285 Port Boyal Road
Springfield, ?l 22161
LOO0132
Sikora, L.J.; Reeney, D.B.
Oniveraity of Bisconain, Badiaon, BI
Denitrification of Bitrified Saptic Tank Bfflaant
Journal of tba Water Pollution Control Federation, *8(8): 2018-25
1976
Describes a detailed laboratory analysis of tha affacta of aethanol aa
an energy source to danitrify septic tank affluent. Danitrlflcatlon
rataa vara obtalnad froa packed colanna fad with dilate nitrifiad saptic
tank afflaant. Continuous flow froa tha coluan was analyzed and
evaluated for carbon levels, ozidation-radnction potantial, and exit
gaa products. Tha kinatics of tha systaa vara evaluated and a datailad
discussion of tha raanlts is incladad. (SIP)
L000133
Sharpe, a.
Pennsylvania Stata Oniveraity, Oniversity Park, PI
Water Conservation and Wastewater Beduction in tha Boaa
Pennaylvania Stata Oniveraity, Bxtansion Service, Circular 184, 9 paqaa
1975
This (cooperative ezteasion service) bulletin discusses and illustrates
water saving appliancas and devices for use in rasidantial hoaas. it
inclndas cost calculations which eaphaaize savings in wastas consuap-
tion, sawaga flow and energy. (SBP)
ICC# : L000134
IOTBOB: Didal, D.L.
IPPIL : Stata Oniveraity of Baw York, Syracuse, BT
TITLE : Coaparing Toilat coapost Bith Othar Organic Basta Soarcas
SOOBCE: Coapost Science, 19(2): 33-30
IBIB : 1978
TEXT : Tha rasults of cospost ckaaical analysis froa aight aallbank toilats
indicatad that tha toilat is wall salted aa a soil aaendaent. Coapari-
sons of aallbank toilat coapost, digastad sawaga sludge and farayard
aanara with ita organic setter, nntriant eleaents, and heavy aatal
contant ara discassad and graphically prasantad. (SBP)
ICC# : L000135
1OTROB: Cooper, B.C.; Golueke, C.O.
IPPIL : Oniveraity of California, Barkalay, CI
TITLE i Public Baalth lapects of On-Sita Basta Traataant
SOQBCB: Cospost Scianca, 18(3): 8-11
TEIB : 1977
TEXT : Pactors affacting tha public haalth aspacts of wasta disposal ara
discussed with considerations to tha aisconceptions of wastewater
traataant and ransa. Agents of disaasa, tha concentration of the agent,
tha host rasponaa, and tha aannar of contact collectively gives rise to
concern for suitability of traataant systaas. In approach to assess
public health aapects with probability aatriz ia suggested. (SBP)
ICC* : L000136
IOTBOB: Spohr, O.B.
IPPIL : Departaent of Public Borks, Glen Bnrnie, BD
TITLE : Bunicipal Disposal and Traataant of Saptic Tank Sludge
SOOBCE: Public Borks, 105(12): 67-68
TEIB : 1974
TEXT : Discussion of aanagaaent guidelines for the disposal and traataant of
saptic tank sludge in a aunicipal wastawatar plant, based on observa-
tions in Inne irnndel county, Baryland. (SBP)
ICC* : L000137
IOTBOB: Sanson, B.L.
IPPIL : SIECO, Inc., colunbus, IB
TITLE : Design Procedure for a Bural Pressure Sewar Systaa
SOOBCE: Public Borks, 104(10): 86-87
TEIB J 1973
TEXT : Description of a research and desonstration project studying tha
appropriate design and operation of a pressure sewer systea linked to
individual grinder puaps in two Indiana lakeside coaaunities. (SBP)
ICC* : L000138
IOTBOB: Leich, B.H.
IPPIL i B/I
TITLE : Protecting Bater Supplies Through sewerless sanitation
SOOBCE: Bkistics, 43(254): 22-27
TEIB J 1977

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30
TEXT : Conventional sewage disposal has created nuaerous probless. Aerobic
tanks, biological tanks, coaposting toilets, incinerating toilets, oil
flashed toilets and pressure or vacuua toilets are described as alterna-
tives to conventional sever systeas. (SRF)
ICC# : 1000139
lOTHOB: Hesbitt, P.H.; Seldsan, R. I.
1FFIL : Institute for local Self-Beliance, Washington, D.C.
TIT1B : Cities Heed Sewerless Toilets
SOOBCB: Building Systeas Design, 73(3): 11-17
II1B : 1976
TBXT : The exhorbitant cost of expanding sewage treatseat facilities in
Washington, D.C., is discussed. It is sore sound, econoaically and
environaentally, to reduce the flow of wastewater than it is to expand
trectaent facilities. Sewerless toilets have the potential to signifi-
cantly reduce the need for increased capacity. Various options are
described. (SWF)
ACC# : 1000140
lOTHOB: Kolega, J.J.
1FFI1 : University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
TITLE : Design Curves for Septage
SOOBCB: Water and Sewage forks, 118(5); 132-135
1MB ; 1971
TBXT : Based on the laboratory analysis of over 180 Connecticut septage sam-
ples, cuaulative percentage curves were developed for all sajor septage
characteristics as an aid in the design of treatment facilities. (SWF)
*CC# t 1000141
lOTHORs Pullerton, B.I.
AFFIL : Chrysler Corporation, Space Division, Hew Orleans, It
TXT1B : Waterless Sanitation for Best Areas
SOOBCB: later and sewage works, 121(6): 86-88
YB1B : 1974
TBXT : Describes a closed loop no-discharge, nonbiological sewage disposal
systea using nineral oil as the flush fluid to transport hisan waste.
The flushing fluid carries waste froa conventional coaaodes to a sepa-
ration tank where the sewage is separated by gravity. The fluid is
filtered, purified and reused indefinitely. Disposal is by burning in
a pollution-free incinerator, (AO)
ICC* : 1000142
AOTHOB: Saith, P.J.
It'll : lew York State Departaent of Health, Division of Sanitary Engineering,
Albany, IT
TITLE : New Tork State Standards for Individual Household Systess
SOOBCB: Individual Onsite Wastewater Systeas, Proceedings of the Third Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1976; pp. 211-214
YEAR : 1977
TBXT : Describes recent experience of Hew York State in updating its standards
for on-site wastewater treataent. (SRF)
COR : inn Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Inn Arbor, HI 48106
ACC# : 1000143
lOTHOB: Bernhart, A.P.
AFFI1 : University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
TIT1E : Beturn of Effluent Rutrients to the Ratural Cycle Through Evapotranspira
tion and Subsoil-Infiltration of Doaestic Wastewater
SOOBCB: Proceedings of the Rational Hoae Sewage Disposal Syaposiua, 1974;
IS1E Publication Proc-175; pp. 175-181
YBAB : 1974
TBXT : Hunan wastes contain aany nutrients necessary for plant life and,
therefore, should be reapplied into cycle of nature. The author
suggests that today*s centralised sewage collection and disposal
practices, as opposed to on-site systess, waste valuable nutrients. The
author suggests criteria for a two part "effluent re-use" systea, con-
sisting of a treataent tank and a seepage bed. (SRF)
CO* • Aaerican Society of agricultural Engineers
2950 Riles Bd.
St. Joseph, HI 49085
ACC# : 1000144
lOTHOB: Bennett, E.B.; linstedt, K.D.; Felton, J.T.
IFFII : Oniversity of Colorado, Boulder, CO
TXT1B : Rural Hoae Wastewater characteristics
SOOBCB: Proceedings of the Rational Hone Sewage Disposal Syaposiua; 1974;
ASAE Publication Proc-175; pp. 74-78
YEAB : 1974

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31
TEXT
cow
ACC» :
AUTHOR:
AFFIL :
TITLE :
SOURCE:
rut t
TEXT t
Evaluation of in-hoa« flow patterns, surge peaks, and waste strength
characteristics is discussed. Plow patterns and surge peaks are a
function of the life style of the occupants. Toilet and garbage
disposal wastes account for about 75 percent of the COD but only 1/3
of the flow. Tabulated characteristics of hose wastewater sources is
included. (SWF)
Aaerican Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Bd.
St. Joseph, HI 19085
L000145
Baker, P.6.
University of Wisconsin, Hadison, WI
A Hodel for Planning and Location of On-site Waste Disposal Systess
later Resources Bulletin, 14(1): 144-156
1978
A sodel that incorporates perforsance data about several wastewater
aanagesent systeas is discussed. Pros these data the expected
behavior of an individual wastewater systes or group of systeas can
be predicted within liaits. Also, the behavior of a wastewater systes
can be treated as the product of the perforsance probabilities of its
individual coaponents. The sodel can be used on a regional scale
facilitating land use planning by allowing accurate estisates of
perforaance for a prospective wastewater aanageaent systes. At this
scale, it can allow the iapact evaluation of new wastewater technology
on land use in a region. (AO)
ACC# : L000146
AUTHOR: Aulenbach, D.B.; Clesceri, W. L.; Toffleaire, J: Ferris, J.J.
AFFIL : Bensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Tcoy, IT
TITLE : Thirty-Pive Tears of Use of a natural Sand Bed for Polishing a
Secondary-Treated Effluent
SOURCE: Proceedings of the Sural Bnvironaental Engineering Conference on later
Pollution control in Low Density Areas; 1975; Paper Wo. 18; pp. 227-240
YEAH : 1973
TEXT : Reports the past and present studies of secondary sewage effluent
applied for over 35 years to natural sand beds at a treataent plant at
a snail lew fork resort cossunity. Data indicated that the polishing
beds can substantially reduce BOD, coliforas, nitrogen, and phosphate,
is expected, the effluent fros the natural sand beds resulted in an
increased level of alkalinity, chlorides, and dissolved solids in the
a re a's natural groundwater. (SWF)
COW : University Press of Wew England
Hanover, WH 03755
ICC* : L000147
AUTHOR: W/A
AFPIL : AWWA Research Foundation, Denver, CO
TITLE : Water Recycling at Highway Rest Stations
SOURCE: Hunicipal wastewater Reuse Wews; April, 1979; Wo. 19; pp. 21-23
TEAR : 1979
TEXT : This wastewater treataent and recycling study sponsored by the Virginia
Highway and Transportation Research Council has indicated that water
reuse for toilet flushing at rest areas was both efficient and econon-
ical. Results indicated tht 95 percent of the water could be recycled
and that BOD reduction by biological oxidation is not hindered by the
recycled water guality. Extended aeration functioned at the low pH and
high asaonia nitrogen levels present in the systea. Schesatic flow
diagraa is included. (SWF)
COW : AWWA Research Foundation
6666 W. Quincy Ave.
Denver, CO 80235
ACC# : L000148
AUTHOR: Otis, R.J.; Boyle, W.C.
APPIL : University of Wisconsin, Hadison, WI
TITLE : Perforsance of Single Household Treataent Units
SOURCE: ASCE Journal of the Bnvironaental Engineering Division, 102(BE1): 175-
189
TEAR : 1976
TEXT : Report of a field study evaluating the perforsance of conventional
septic tanks and aerobic units under norsal residential use conditions.
Results of laboratory analyses of periodic effluent saaplings are
presented in tables and graphs. While BOD reaoval in aeration units
is significantly higher, the figure still exceeds natural effluent
criteria. Aeration units achieve alnost cosplete nitrification. Design
and operation aodifications are suggested which aay help achieve high
guality effluent froa aerobic units. Their annual cost is calculated to
be alaost five tises that for septic tanks. (SWF)

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32
ICC* : 1000149
aUTHOB: HanIon, J.
aFPIL : l/a
TITLE : a Problem That won't Plush away
SOOBCB: lew Scientist, 75(1061) s 166-167
TUB : 1977
TBXT : Discusses alternatives to the ass of severs and public health isplica-
tions in developing countries as addressed at a conference in Oxford on
Sanitation in Developing Countries. (SIF)
acc* : 1000150
aUTHOB: Laak, B.
aFPIL ; University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
TITLE : a Graywater soil Treatment Systes
SOOBCB; Cospost Sciences, 18(6): 29-32
TBaB s 1977
TBXT s The characteristics of greywater are described, criteria are given 'or
the design of greywater treatsent tanks, fixed sedia up flow filters and
¦oil absorption fields. The effectiveness of the filter and tank for
redacing levels of BOD, SS, Tl, PO, and grease fros greywater are cos-
pared. (SWF)
*CC» ;	1000151
aoriOB:	leich, h.h.
affil :	b/a
TITLE :	Sewerless Sanitation: Water Shortage Hay Stimulate Sanitary Innovations
SOUBCE:	cospost science, 18(2): 17
TBaB :	1977
TBXT :	Discussion of the use and operating probless of large and ssall compost-
ing toilets in Scandinavia and Hanitoba. (SWF)
»cc« : L000152
aOTHOB: Bouaa, J.
• Soil Survey Institute, wagenigen, Betherlands
TITLB : Unsaturated Flow During Soil Treatment of Septic Tank Bffluent
SOUBCE: asCE Journal of the Environsental Engineering Division; 103(BB3): 509-
510
TBaB : 1977
TBXT : This review of L000289 disagrees with the postulate "that adequate
pathogen resoval does not require unsaturated flow." It further
questions the validity of the arguments and data utilised to arrive to
the postulate. (SfF)
ICC# : L000153
IUTH0B: Converse, J.C.
aFPIL i university of Wisconsin, Badison, II
TITLE : Distribution of Dosestic Baste Bffluent in Soil absorption Beds
SOOBCB: Transactions of the asas, 17(2): 299-304, 309
TBaB : 1974
*BXT : Prototype studies on the effluent distribution of soil absorption beds
revealed that intermittent dosing helped to reduce uneven effluent dis-
tribution. Hole spacing in perforated distribution pipes asd flow rates
affected distribution of effluent significantly, a sinisas flow rate of
2.5 sinutes and a hole spacing of three feet (holes upward) was recom-
mended for four inch rigid plastic or bitusinous fiber pipe. For sani-
fold lateral pressurised systess using one inch PTC laterals, perfora-
tions were recossended at thirty inch spacings and a flow rats of 3.5
cfa. (SiP)
*cct : 1000154
BQTHOB: Binaeberger, J.B.T.; Weinberg, U.S.
: s*Ptic	Syatess, Berkeley, ca
IiTt : **n*'icial Effects of Baking Soda added to Septic Tanks
TBAB ^ ml"1 °* EnTlr0BMBtal Health, 38(5): 322-6
TXXT : although there is no proper beneficial effect fros any of 1200 septic
tank additives, this California field experiment showed that baking soda
and other flocculants can help decrease hydraulic in active zones by
lowering the concentration of suspended solids in septic tanks. (SWF)
ICC* : L000155
aUTBOB: Tost, K.J.
AFPIL : Coate Burial fault. Inc., lest liltom, OH
1 Sewage Treatment System including Bffluent Evaporator
SOOBCBJ U.S. Patent Bumber 3,907,679
TBaB : 1973
TBXT : *«tent for a horizontal coiled plastic conduit system that contacts
effluent fros a buried tank with atmospheric air. The purpose is to
evaporate water and discharge the vapor into the atmosphere, air flow
is supplied by a pump. (SIP)

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33
ICC* : 1000156
IOTBOB: Pltll, 6.D.
APPIL : Department of Social and Health Services, Olyapia, ba
TITLE : The Adequacy and Uniformity of Begulations for on-site Bastewater Dis-
posal - A State viewpoint
SOOBCE s Rational Conference on Less costly Bastewater Treatment Systems for
Ssall Communities; 1977; pp. 20-28 (EPA-600/9-79-010; BTIS Beport Bo.
PB 293 254/AS)
ZOST : 16.50
rBAB : 1978
TEXT : Dissussed the origin and current status of state regulations dealing
with on-site wastewater treataent. Although local health departaents
are the implementers of on-aite regulations in most states, state pro-
gras administration is generally deficient of standards and evaluation
criteria. Includes tables of state design requirements for septic tank
capacity in gallons by nunber of bedrooms, absorption field design
features and sizing methods. (SIP)
:o* s bus
5285 Port Boyal voad
Springfield, *A 22161
L000157
Sikora, L.J.; Kenney, D.B.
¦/A
Laboratory studies on Stisulatlon of Biological Denitrification
Proceedings of the Bational Hose Sewage Disposal Symposium; 1974; ASAB
Publication Proc-175; pp. 61-73
1975
Initial studies to evaluate organic substrates and colusnar flow methods
for biological denitrification are discussed. Batch studies indicate
that fluid energy sources such as methanol and paper mill sludges
exhibit higher rates of denitrification than solid energy sources such
as peat and oat straw. Continuous flow column studies with a methanol
energy source exhibit rapid denitrification, but gas release and cell
accumulation problems remain unanswered. Details of materials and
methods are discussed. (SWF)
American Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Boad
St. Joseph, BI 49085
iCC# : L000158
OTHOR: talker, B.6.; Bousa, J.; Kenney, D.B.; Bagdoff, P.B.
iPPIL : university of Bisconsin, Badison, BI
TTLE : Bitrogen Transformations During Subsurface Disposal of Septic Tank
Effluent in Sandst I. Soil Transformations
lOORCBt Journal of Environmental Quality, 2(4): 475-480
'BIB : 1973
'EXT : soil physical and chemical studies of five subsurface septic tank seep-
age beds were conducted to determine the biochemical transformations of
nitrogen and its potential for ground-water pollution. Effluent
was found to be ponded in all the seepage beds examined due to the
presence of an impeding layer, a "crust", at the boundary between
the gravel bed and adjacent soil. The atmospheric composition of the
soil crust and below crust were measured. (AD)
cc# ; L0001S9
OTHOB: walker, w.e.; Bonaa, J.; Kenney, D.B.; Olcott, P.6.
PPIL t University of Bisconsin, Badison, BI
TTLE : Bitrogen Transformations During Subsurface Disposal of septic Tank
Effluent in Sandst II. Ground later Quality
OUBCE: Journal of Environmental Quality, 2(4): 521-525
BAB : 1973
EXT > eroandwater observation wells were installed in the immediate vicinity
of four septic tank effluent soil disposal systems. Potentiometric maps
were constructed from measurements of the groundwater level at each site
to establish the direction of aovement. Groundwater samples were
pumped from each well to establish patterns of B enrichment in the
ground water around the seepage beds and to evaluate the performance of
these disposal systems in sands in terms of nitrogen removal, soil dis-
posal systems of septic tank effluent in sands were found to add sign-
ificant quantities of nitrate to underlying groundwater. The data
obtained suggest that in sands, the only active mechanism of lowering
the nitrate content is by dilution with uncontaninated groundwater. (AO)
CC« : L000160
OTBOB: Binaeberger, J.B.T.
PPIL i Binaeberger Consultants, Berkeley, CA
RLE > Byon's Septic-Tank Practices corrected
OBBCEi Proceedings of the Bational Hone Sewage Disposal Synposiun; 1974; ASAE
Publication Proc-175; pp. 215-221
TEAI J 197S
ICC* :
IOTHOB:
IPPIL :
riTLB :
SOOBCE:
FBAB :
(EXT :

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3«
TBXT
CO!
: Byon's percolation test was developed In 1926 with insufficient under-
standing of soil hydraulics and of the need for standardization. Author
suggests several improvements in use and interpretation of the test by
assuming sidewall absorption in disposal trenches, increasing the life
span of systess by resting of alternating beds, and hoaeowner assistance
froa public utility districts. (SRF)
: Anerican Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Riles Road
St. Joseph, Hi 49085
CO*
ACC# :
AOTBOB:
APPIL s
TITLB :
SOUBCE:
mi
tnt :
tCC* : L000161
AUTHOR: Bauaann, B.B.; Jones, B.B.; Jakubowski, B.H.; Bottinghaa, B.C.
APPIL s Iowa state University, lies, IA
TITLB : Septic Tanks
SOOBCB: Proceedings of the Second Rational Hoie sewage Treatment sysposius;
1977; ASAE Publication 5-77; pp. 38-53
TBAB : 1977
TBXT ; i discussion of the design, operation and aaintenance of the septic
tank. Includes recoaaended tank sixes, a typical chenical analysis of
sewage, sludge, scua data, general tank design, hydraulic, considera-
tions, as well as a schematic detail of septic tanks, septic tank
psrforaance data are expressed in graphs and tables. (SWT)
American Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Riles Boad
St. Joseph, HI 49085
L000162
Joeres, B.F.; Quigley, J.T.
University of Risconsin, fladison, n
Cost comparison of Rater Collection and Disposal Alternatives
Proceedings of the Second Rational Boae Sewage Treetaent Syaposiua;
1977; ASAE Publication 5-77; pp. 251-259
1977
Describes the use of a computer model to select and sixe components for
incorporation into a complex wastewater management system. Alternative
collection, treatment and disposal system can be tailored to the needs
of a geographically diverse service district. A Lake Michigan island,
used as a specific design example, requires periodic surface vehicle
transport of wastewater from domestic holding tanks to regional waste-
water treatment facilities. (SRF)
Amecican Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Riles Boad
St. Joseph, HI 49085
L000163
Laak, B.O.; Crates, P.J.
University of Connecticut, storrs, CT
Sewage Treatment by a septic Tank
Proceedings of the Second Rational Bone Sewage Treatment Symposium;
1977; ASAE Publication 5-77; pp. 54-59
1977
The basic operation cf a septic tank is described. An explanation of
the biological treatment process, advantages and disadvantages of septic
tanks, factors influencing anaerobic digestion, and maintenance proce-
dures are briefly described. (SIP)
American Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Boad
St. Joseph, hi 49085
COR
ACC#
ACTHOB:
APPIL :
TITLB :
SOOBCB:
TBAB :
TBXT :
COR
ACC# : L000164
AOTBOP: Langford, B.B.
AFPXL : Peabody Barnes, inc., Hansfield, OB
TITLE s Effluent Pressure Sewer systems	. .. . . . .
SOOBCB: later pollution control Federation 1977 Annual Beeting, Philadelphia, pa
TBAB ! 1977	.
TBXT : Provides detailed descriptions of effluent pressure sewer systeas, in-
cluding design, hardware, cost, septage disposal, operation, aaintenance
and economics. Describes the advantages of effluent pressure sewer
systeas over gravity sewers and grinder pus P systeas. identifies ana
describes past research and effluent pressure systeas currently in
operation. (SIP)
ACC* : L000165
AOTHOB: Bachaeier, B.B.; Hattson, L.L.
APPIL : Oniversity of Minnesota, St. Paul, BR
TITLE : Performance of Alternating Seepage Mds in Ontonagon Clay
SOOBCB: Proceedings of second national Boae Sewage Treataent Syaposiua; 1977;
ASAE Publication 5-77; pp. 1B5-192
TBAB s 1978
TEXT : Two identical seepage beds were constructed on an ontonagon clay soil
and monitored for three years to fletetaine the effect of resting and
dosing on the hydraulic conductivity of the soil. The effectiveness of

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35
••wag* treatsent and various construction techniques >«r« also consid-
ered. Becossendations concerning dosing catas, resting periods, effects
of precipitation, and techniques for construction of beds on ontonagon
clay are presented. (SWF)
COW : American Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Riles Boad
St. Joseph, HI 49085
ACC# : L000166
10?BOB: Pear]r, H.S.; Groves, K.S.
AFFIL : Hontana State University, Bozeman, HT
TITLE : The Inflaence of Septic Tank Drainfields on Groundwater Quality in
lreas of High Groundwater
SOOBCE: Proceedings of the Second lational Boae Sewage Treatsent Syaposius;
1977; A SAB Publication 5-77; pp. 218-225
TUB : 1978
TEXT : The extent to which groundwater quality was affected by a septic tank
drainfield was investigated. The drainfield was located 1.2 s. above
the groundwater table on an alluvial terrace near Bozesan, Hontana.
Samples were taken over a five aonth period froe 10 wells located in the
top 30 cs at the saturated strata, and they were analyzed for each of
the following: BOD, COD, TOC, alkalinity, hardness, nitrate, phosphate
(OBTHO), chloride and fecal colifors. Only nitrate concentrations ex-
ceeded health standards in three out of the ten wells. (Sir)
COB : American Society of agricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Boad
St. Joseph, HI 49085
ACC# : L000167
AUTHOR: Clayton, J.a.
AFFIL : Fairfax County Health Department, Fairfax, T»
TITLB j in Analysis of Septic Tank Survival Data from 1952 to 1972 in Fairfax
County Virginia
SOOBCE: Proceedings of the Rural Environmental Engineering Conference on Water
Pollution Control in Low Density Areas; 1975; Paper Ho. 7; pp. 75-87
TBAB 5 1975
TBXT : Careful planning and evaluation of the soils where the absorption field
is to be located have been reported to be responsible for high success
rates of septic tank systess in this county. Results of a "survival
rata" survey showed that the average life of individual sewage disposal
systess is 20-30 years and that not less than 92 percent of all systems
installed during the past 20 years are still functioning. Tabulated
survey data are included along with related diagrass. (SWF)
COW : University Press of Hew England
Hanover, BH 0375S
ICC# : L000168
1OTHOB: Clark, L.K.; Bblen, J.E.
AFFIL : C 6 G Engineering, Sales, OB
TITLB : Demonstrating the Feasibility of Vacuum and Pressure Sewers
SOOBCE: Public Works, 108(4): 81-84
TBAB : 1977
TEXT : An BPA-assisted study was conducted to determine the feasibility of
using vacuum and pressure sewers as a means of collecting effluent fros
septic tanks and raw waste streams and transporting then to a central-
ise! sewage collection systes. The pressure sewer collects septic tank
effluent and pumps it to the closet interceptor line. The vacuum sewer
draws air through small diameter pipes connected to small susps, receiv-
ing a raw wastewater from residences. This wastewater is also pumped to
the interceptors. Details concerning design, installation, operation
and maintenance are included. (SVF)
ICC* : L000169
IOTHOB: Buhner, J.O.; Luecke, D.; Sharpin, B.
AFFIL : Beta Systems, Inc., Cambridge, Hi
TITLE : Hater Ose and Wastewater and Besiduals Generation in Bouseholds:
Potential for Conservation
SOOBCE: Proceedings of Second Rational Boss Sewage Treatment Symposium; 1977;
ASAE Publication Proc-175; pp. 260-267
TEIB : 1977
TBXT : The potential and cost-effectiveness of water using/conserving compon-
ents was investigated, A high and low water use baseline was developed
for two hypothetical families. Water savings was evaluated in terms of
investment cost/unit of water for each component in both households.
(SWF)
COB : American Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Bd.
St. Joseph, HI 49085

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36
ICC# : L000170
10THOR: Lenaing, D.I.; Heraanson, B.B.	wi
IFFU : Depart.ent of Social and Health Ser*iceB'	'
TITLE : Han&gea.nt Guidelines for On-site	Systea	sy.po.ioa; 1977;
SOURCE: Proceedings of Second Rational Hose Sewage ir
ISIE Publication 5-77; pp. 236-242
TBIR s 1977	. -«ni«tt« environaental
TEXT : centralized aanageaent is necessary to	* . .anagement concept
impact of on-site sewage systems. Discussion erf fck* ¦•W	^
includes identifying the need for: 1)	¦¦ wnagement bodies
site evaluation; 2) use of existing public	fl2sibtiity in
to insure persanence and financial *ol7*BC*J ~.-i-tics, and 4) de-
the level of sanagesent depending on	personnel. Banage-
fining levels of competency for manageaent «!¦*•*•
sent systea programs in Washington are described.
CO! j laerican Society of agricultural Engineers
2950 Miles Rd.
St. Joseph, HI 09085
ICC* : 1000171
IDTBOB: Sauar, D.K.; Boyle, B.C.	«t
IF?It s Wisconsin Department of Batural Besources, Badison, »a _ t wateC Flows
TITLE s Intaraittent Sand Filtration and Disinfection of Saall w	1977.
SOOBCE: Proceedings of Second Bational Hoae Sewage Treataen 1
IS1B Publication 5-77; pp. 164-17*
tMT s I study involving the intersittent sand	jjf-J'vl^he^small
effluent and aerobically treated effluent «a. conducted byhe saa^
Scale waste Banagement project at the Oniversity of lMtion and
1976. Disinfection of the sand filter effluent by	of the
ultraviolet light irradiation was also	treatment methods
study was to evaluate the effectiveness of these wa .	Surface
to achieve a water quality acceptable for surface d	? sethod for
discharge of treated wastewater is an alternative d P	can not
ho... where conventional septic tank - soil absorption syatess
be used. (10)
COB s laerican Society of agricultural Engineer.
2950 Wiles Rd.
St. Joseph, BX 49085
ICC* : L000172
AUTHOR: Viraraghavan, 1.; Warnock, R.6.	Canada
IFFXI. : Oniversity of Ottawa, Dept. of Civil Engr., Ottawa, Ont
TITLE : Treatment Through Soil of Septic Tank Effluent	nanaq.aent,
SOOBCE: Proceedings of International conference on Land for
Ottawa, Canada, October 1-3, 1973
TOT : I field investigation is in progress to	tile°field*in a
aingle-faaily septic tank systea with •"	environaental condi-
ruril household in Quebec under seasonally	,hoth cheaical and
tions. The ais is also to investigate the change, (both ^heaica^ ^
bacteriological) in water quality that.occttF-a^'considered are air
soil filtration. Bnviron.ental parameters being considered are
temperature, snow cover, and depth of unsaturated
ICC* : L000173
IOTBOB: Pate, P.	.. .. ... lt
IFFIL : Jefferson County Department of Bealth, Birmingham, ai.
TIME t Onsite Wastewater Disposal: I Local Government Diiem	Bational
SOOBCE: Individual onsite wastewater systems} ^^077! H 67-73
Conference; Bational Sanitation Foundation; 1977j pp. «>'
TOT » Discusses the dilemma facing Jackson ^nty. llabana, concerning
cost of expanding and upgrading an existing JimW aawer system ^
an increased reliance on on-site wastewater syste • .-J inforaation
need for additional research on on-site ¦y-teas.	^oaplaint.
on number of on-site systems being installed and n m
received concerning on-site wastewater systems. ( *1
COB : Inn Irbor Science publishers. Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Inn Irbor, HI 48106
ICC* : 1000174
IOTHOR: Qua, E.L.j Sweet, H.R.; Illian, J.R.
IFFIL : Oregon Department of Environmental Quality, Water Quality Divi »
JtXTLE : Sobsurface°S«wage Disposal and Contamination of Ground water in Bast
Portland, Oregon
SOQRCEt Ground Water, 12(6)t 356-368
TB1R : 1974

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37
TEXT : This report describes the geology, hydrology and hydrogeology in a 30
«?• ii> unsewered area in Hultnomah County, Oregon. Subsurface disposal
of dosestic waste from cesspools, seepage beds asd drainage fields in
this area has contaainated the groundwater and has affected the quality
of surface water in an adjacent area downgradient fros the unsewered
area. Hitrate levels (4.7 to 11.86 mg/1) were present in wells which
tap the upper portions of the saturated cone in the unsewered areas.
(SIP)
1000175
Sawhney, B.L.; Hill, D. B.
Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, Hew Haven, CT
Phosphate Sorption Characteristics of Soils Treated with Dosestic Waste
Hater
Journal of Environmental Quality, *(3): 342-346
1975
Phosphate sorption capacitie* of several Connecticut soils having widely
different physical and chesical characteristics were determined in the
laboratory using dilute P solutions. Although sorption capacities of
the soils varied over a four-fold range, calculations based on these
determinations revealed that soils surrounding drainfields of septic
tank systems can effectively remove P from waste water for a number of
years, (AU)
L000176
Cover, I.; Luccian, P.
¦ational Sanitation Foundation, inn Arbor, HI
An Operators view of Performance: Sanitation District *3, Boyd County,
Kentucky
Individual Onsite Wastewater systems; Proceedings of the Fourth Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1977; pp. 135-143
1978
Discusses the operation of the individual aeration treatment units in-
stalled in Boyd county, Kentucky. Includes the technical details of
installation, effluent disposal, and maintenance. (SHF)
Ann Arbor science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, HI 48106
L000177
Cohen, S.; Wallsan, H.
General Dynasics Corporation, Electric Boat Division, Groton, CT
Demonstration of Haste Plow Seduction Proa Households
EPA Report Number 670/2-74-071, 111 pages
1974
A two-year demonstration program evaluated water savings, costs, perfor-
mance and acceptability of various mater-saving devices for households.
Heters were attached to water-using fixtures in order to monitor water
use. Detailed results are given including extensive data on performance
of components used and flow reductions achieved. (SHF)
L000178
Hinneberger, J.H.T.
Governor*s Office of Appropriate Technology, Sacramento, CA
A Consultant's Overview of On-site Heeds
national Conference on Less Costly Hastewater Treatment Systems for
Small Communities; 1977; pp. 73-76 (EPA-600/9-79-010; HTIS Report Ho.
PB 293 2S4/AS)
$6.50
1978
Presents the On-site Hastewater Hanagement District (OSHHD) Concept and
the benefits that can be derived from its usage. Discusses management
of on-site treatment, possible guidelines, the qualification of pro-
prietary devices, and an overview of needs. (SHF)
HTIS
5285 Port Royal Boad
Springfield, VA 22161
ACC# > 1000179
AUTHOR: Clift, H.A.
AFPIt : H.A. Clift 8 Associates, Inc.
TITLE : Experience with Pressure Sewerage
SOURCE: ASCE Journal of the Sanitary Engineering Division, 94(SA5): 849-865
TEAR > 1968
TEXT : The transport of sewage and waste liquids by means of a closed-to-atmos-
phere pressure sewer system is described. Pressure sewerage offers a
substantial reduction in sewer construction costs in locations or under
conditions adverse to gravity sewerage, such as sparsely settled areas,
irregular topography, sand, wet or marshy soils, tidal areas, lake
settlements and areas of high rock. Experience with pressure sewerage
over a three-year period at ladcliff, Kentucky, is described, including
factors influencing its use, design considerations, economies obtained
ACC#
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38
ICC*
totBOB:
kPFIL :
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iffil :
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and operational and Maintenance procedures developed. Information la
included on availability and perforaance characteristics of individual
puaping units. Estimated costs of two proposed projects involving
pressure sewerage are given. (Sir)
L000180
SepPt E.
California State Department of Health
Disposal of Doaestic Bastewater by Billside Sprays
Journal of the Environaental Engineering Division, kSCE, 99(EE2): 109-
121
1973
Population pressures are creating waste disposal probless which threaten
the, high quality of aountain waters. Land confinesent of sewage in
California's aountain areas has proven sore reliable than other methods
in controlling disposal probless. Spray irrigation of hillsides is a
method of land confinement which is being used by 100 small systems
located in foothill and mountain areas. This method is most suitable
for the disposal of seasonal flows and on soils with good infiltra-
tion capacity. Summarises California's experience with hillside
sprays and analyzes the use of adequate reliability features for the
protection of public health. (S«F)
1000181
Stone, 8.
Balph stone and company. Inc., Los kngeles, Ck
Disposal of Domestic Wastewater by Hillside Sprays, Discussion by Balph
Stone
1SCE Journal of the sanitary Engineering Division, 99(EE6): 96»-965
Construction and operating experiences for hillside spray systems **e
discussed, including critical observations made for visits of particular
Included are suggestions to avoid problems incurred with these
disposal systems, such as reduced soil permeability, and excessive plant
growth. The author cites proper design, construction, and operation as
the main means of avoiding these difficulties, klso discussed is the
operation of subsurface leach lines placed in hillside areas. (SWF)
L000182
¦alt*, J.P.
Colorado State University, Tort Collins, CO	J „
Nethods of Geologic Evaluation of Pollution Potential at Hountain Home-
sites
Ground Hater, 10(1): »2-«8
1972
Investigations of geologic, topographic, and hydrologic conditions at
over 100 homesites in the Rocky Hountains of north-central Colorado
have resulted in the development of objective criteria for evaluating
pollution potential at mountain homesites. In addition# the results of
these investigations indicate that contamination of water wells may be
decreased significantly where geologic conditions are considered in the
••lection of sites for leach fields and wells, (to)
L000183
Raman, T.; Chaklader, «.
Central Public Health Engineering Research Institute, Sonal Lab., Horli,
Bombay, India
Opflow Filters for Septic Tank Effluents		
Journal of Hater pollution Control Federation, I*(8): 1552-1560
1972
uptxow filters are a simple and inexpensive aethod for treating septic
tank effluents In rural and suburban cossunities. Such filters can
achieve bio-cheaical oxygen demand removal efficiencies of up to 75
parcent and can operate at hydraulic loading rates slightly greater than
those for low-rate trickling filters. Halntenance is sisple, head
losses are low, and the filters can operate continuously and unattended
for long periods. (k0)
L000184
Rockefeller, k.; Lindstrom, C.
«/l
Greywater for the Greenhouse
Compost Science, 18(5): 22-25
1977
Describes the yearlong use of greyvater for greenhouse Irrigation in
Hassachusettes. tastewater goes through a roughing filter
and is autoaatically paaped through 1-1/2 inch PTC leach pipes into four
foot deep soil boxes. The effluent froa the aoil boxes is biologically
and cheaically stable. The relationships between the greenhouse and the
greywater involving water purification, heat exchange, nutrients supply
and plant growth ace explained. Potential problem are identified. (SH?)

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39
ACC# : L000185
AUTHOR: Schmidt, K.D.
AFPXL : Harshbarger and Associates, Tucson, AZ
TITLE : Bitrate in Ground Bater of the Presno-clovis Betropolitan Area, CA
SOUBCE: Sround Bater, 10(1): 50-62
Till j 1972
TEXT : Batural concentrations of nit rat* are quite low in most ground waters
in tha eastern part of the San Joaquin Valla?. High nitrata contents
ara ralatad to sewage effluent percolation ponds, septic tank disposal
systems, industrial wastewaters, and agricultural fertilisers. Bydrolo-
gic factors are closely related to the occurence of nitrate. Transmis-
sibility of tha aquifer, hardpan development in the soil, canal recharge
and cobble cones in the subsurface are the primary factors of importance
litrata is stratified ini the aquifer beneath unsewered setropolitan
areas and highest contents occur in the upper 50 or 60 feet. Bater
quality hydrographs were used to show long- and short-term trends in
nitrate. Chloride and nitrate hydrographs, trilinear diagrass, the
distribution of other constituents, and hydrologic data were used to
effectively delineate sources of nitrate in areas where numerous
potential sources were present. Conclusions fros groundwater data agree
well with previous studies in other areas beneath unsewered tracts and
near sewage treatment plants in which attention was focused priearilyy
on the soil or the unsaturated zone. (AO)
ICC# t L000186
LOTBOB: I/A
lFFIL t Environmental Protection Agency, Bashington, D.C.
IITLE : Onsite Bastewater Disposal Alternatives - A Bethodology for Evaluation
IOOBCE: EPA Bo. 440/3-77-021
'BAH : 1978
!BXT t Bethods for evaluating on-site wastewater disposal ere outlined in this
case history of a 208 Bater Quality Banagenent plan. A Bassachusetts
regional planning council needing to revise their areawide planning
progran developed this evaluation sethodology to ieplesent decision
making. The sethods developed led to iaproved water quality because
of the decision to upgrade and reconstruct on-site aystess. Sugges-
tions are included for surveys, determining future needs, and im-
plementing findings. (SBP)
iCC# : L000187
iOTBOB: Binneberger, J.fl.T.; Anderaan, B.B., Jr.
lFFXL : Binneberger Consultants, Berkeley, CA
^ITLE : Public Banagement of Septic-Tank Systems is a Practical Bethod of
Baintenance
IOOBCE: Journal of Environmental Bealth, 35(2): 145-146
EAB : 1972
IBXT : Article proposes a total management concept whereby a district agency is
responsible for all sewage disposal practices including septic tank
systems. Presents three case studies in California where this concept
was applied successfully. (SBP)
iCC# : L000186
tOTBOB: Bajagopal, B.; Patterson, B.L.; Canale, B.P.; Armstrong, J.B.
iPPIL : Duke University, Durham, BC
!XTLE : Bater Quality and Economic Criteria for Bural Bastewater and Bater
Supply Systems
IOOBCE: Journal of the Bater Pollution Control Federation, 47(7): 1834-1847
fEAB : 1975
fEXT : Bastewater disposal and water supply alernatives for Grand Traverse Bay,
Bichigan, were evaluated on the basis of effects on groundwater quality
and cost criteria. Cost equations were developed for individual and
community wastewater disposal and water supply systems. The resalts
indicated that community systems for rural populations of 1000 to 5000
were uneconomical. Bajor findings were integrated into a computer sys-
tem which provided wastewater disposal, water supply costs, and ground-
water quality information on the basis of population growth and land use
alternatives. Bural areas in transition to urban centers were the
prise targets. (SBF)
ACC# : L000189
AOTBOB: Converse, J.C.; Carlile, B.L.; Peterson, 6.B.
AFFXL : University of Bisconsin, Badison, BX
TITLE : Bounds for the treatment and Disposal of Septic Tank Effluent
SOOBCE: Proceedings of Second Bational Bone Sewage Treatment Symposium; 1977;
ASAE Publication 5-77; pp. 100-119
YSAB : 1977
TEXT : A mound system (Bisconsin) for septic tank effluent where natural soil
does not permit installation of conventional leaching fields is dis-
cussed. The systes consists of a septic tank, a pumping or a siphon
chamber, and the sound. Septic tank capacity is sized according to con-
ventional criteria. Pump or siphon components are designed to provide
for uniform distribution of flow into and within the sound. The mound

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40
consists of fill aaterial; an absorption area, a cap to provide a barri-
er to infiltration, and a topsoil cover to provide a barrier to infil-
tration, and a topsoil cover to provide a Medina for vegetation cover.
Alternative design scheaes and criteria are presented, including sasple
calculations. (SRF)
COW : iaerican Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Biles ltd.
St. Joseph, HZ 49085
L000190
Corey, B.B.; Tyler, B.J.; Olotn, H.U.
University of Risconsin, fladison, SI
Effects of Rater Softener Ose on Peraeability of Septic Tank Seepage
Fields
Proceedings of Second Rational Hose Sewage Treataent Syaposina; 1977;
ISIE Publication 5-77; pp. 226-234
1977
The effect of brine disposal froa water softener regeneration on soil
absorption fields was studied. It was found that reduction of hydraulic
conductivity 
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41
wri asad to size the BT anit. Different schemes of loading and cor-
relating actual BT and estimated BT were analized. A cost comparison
for a proposed BT systea was aade. in the proposed scheae the waste-
water is confined within the cell by an isperaeable liner which allows
the liquid to escape only by evaporation or evapotranspiration. Con-
struction requireaents for the proposed systea were also discussed.(SIP)
COI : American Society of Agricultual Engineers
2950 Riles Bd.
St. Joseph, HI 49085
COB
ICC# :
AUTHOR:
AFPII s
riTLB ]
300BCB:
fBAB :
IBXT :
ACC* : L000194
AUTHOB: Stewart, D.B.
AFPXL t Dane County Begional Planning Coanission, Hadison, >1
TITLE : Alternative Bethods of Regulating Onsite Dosestic Sewerage Systeas
S00BCB: Individual Onsite Rastewater Systeas; Proceedings of the Third Rational
Conference; Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1976; pp. 53-66
TBAB : 1977
TEXT : Describes the types of controls in each of the following categories of
regulatory techniques: 1) direct control on systea, 2) control on
actors (installers and inspectors), 3) indirect controls, and 4) unfair
or unlawful controls. Provides suggestions for iaproving regulations
concerning the initial installation, operation and aaintenence, and
failing systes phases of on-site systess regulation. Discusses the
implications that innovative systeas pose for regulation of on-site
wastewater treatment and disposal. (SRF)
Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Boi 1425
Ann Arbor, Hi 46106
L000195
Sauer, D.K.
Oniversity of Risconsin, Hadison, RX
Treataent Systeas Required for Surface Discharge of Onsite Rastewater
Individual Onsite Rastewater Systess; Proceedings of the Third Rational
Conference: Rational Sanitation Foundation; 1976; pp. 113-129
1977
The effectiveness of intersittent sand filtration of septic tank and
aerobic treatment unit effluent, followed by disinfection, was examined
to determine whether BOD, SS, and fecal coliforas had met water quality
standards. Results indicate BOD and TOC levels are significantly re-
duced. Bitrification was almost complete and orthophosphate concentra-
tion was reduced by 20 percent. Fecal colifors count was reduced, but
disinfection was required in order to reach recommended levels. labora-
tory and field studies conducted over several years showed little dif-
ference, especially after chlorination, in the quality of the aerobic
unit - sand filtered effluent and septic tank - sand filtered effluent.
A cost analysis of initial capital costs, annual operation and mainte-
nance is tabulated. (SBF)
Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, BI 48106
L000196
Beed, S.C.; Buzzell, T.
O.S. Army Cold Begion Resources and Eng. Laboratory, Hanover, RH
Land Treataent of Rastewaters for Rural Coaaunities
Proceedings of the Bural Environmental Engineering Conference on Rater
Pollution Control in Low Density Areas; 1975; Paper Ro. 3; pp. 23-40
: 1975
> Three basic types of land treatment of wastewater are described in
detail: rapid infiltration, spray irrigation, and overland flow. De-
sign criteria for each systes are summarised with regard to site
characteristics, pretreatsent requirements, and the actual application
technology. Equations for estisating land requireaents are presented
with an example. Cost comparison data with adjusted cost figures for
each systes are included. (SBF)
COB : Univesity Press of Bew England
Hanover, RH 03755
ICC* : L000197
AUTHOR: Plews, 8.
IFFXL : Department of Social and Health Services, On-site Sewage Disposal,
Olympia, RA
IXTLB : Hanagement ouidelines for Conventional and Alternative Onsite Sewage
Systeas - Rashington State
SOORCE: Individual Onsite Rastewater Systems; Proceedings of the Third Rational
Conference: Rational sanitation Foundation; 1976; pp. 187-193
: 1977
: control and maintenance of on-site sewage systems needs supervision by
some type of management group. This group should have a definite struc-
ture supported by guidelines that furnish financial solvency, permanency
JOB
icc« :
IOTHOB:
irriL :
riTLE :
SOURCE:
fBAB
tEXT
riAB
raxT
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42
and an iapleaentation policy. This article suggssts bom guidelines
that ikoill be Included in a aanageaent contract. (SIP)
COI t Ann Arbor Science Publishers, lac.
P.O. Box 1425
ian Arbor, HI 48106
X• t 1000198
DTHOB; Parker, D.B.
PBI1 : Wisconsin Dspartaant of Haalth and social Services, Hadiaon, II
ZT1B ; Soil Evaluation of Sit*a for Absorption Systeaa
9CBCB: Individaal Ooaita wastewater Systess; Proceediags of tha Third lational
Conference; lational Sanitation Ponndation; 1976; pp. 139-145
BAB j 1977
¦XT x Pactora iaportant in aita evaluation for aoil absorption ayateaa are
discussed, soil percolation tests provide soae data, bat detailed soil
saps and aoil pits caa greatly aid avalaation. The factors which aast
be considered are soil peraeability, depth to bedrock, seasonally satar-
ated sones, slope, and surface flooding. (Sir)
01 : Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1*25
Ann Arbor, Hi 48106
CC« t 1000199
OTIOBl Otis, I.J.
PPX1 i university of lisconsla, college of Engineering, Hadiaon, wi
HIS t Oasite Wastewater facilities for ssall Coaannities and SabdiTisions
OWBCE; Individual onsite Wastewater Systeas; proceedings of the Third lational
Conference; lational Sanitation Poundatioa; 1976; pp. 245-275
111 t 1977
BIT : Outlines the advantages and disadvantages of non centralised alterna-
tives to wastewater treataent. Bxasplss of the alternative systess are
discsssed. Presents an in-depth case study involving a cosaunity's need
to decide between central facilities or ssall localised soil absorption
field systess. Includes a tabulated saaaary of varioas alternative
costs. (S«P)
!OI : Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1125
Ann Arbor, II *8106
LCC# : L000200
LOT101; Otis, I.J.; Boyle, I.e.; Sauer, O.K.
IPPII t University of Wisconsin, ladisoa, II
PXT1B s The Perforsance of Household Wastewater Treataent Waits Under Pield
Conditions
S00BCB; Proceedings of the lational lose Sewage Disposal Syaposias; 1974; ASAB
Publication Proc-175; pp. 191-201
rSAB t 1975
tnt i Data collected over a two year period fros nine field installations in
Wisconsin hoses indicated that none of the systess studied - septic
tank, aerobic treataent, or intersittent sand filter - set surface dis-
charge requirements. Aerobic units and sand filter systsss did provids
better treataent than did tha septic systess. Hainteaance considera-
tions and cost of each systes ara provided along with tables of treat-
sent data for each Installation and systes observed. (SIP)
ICC# t 1000201
AOTBOBt Unas, I.W.; Bennett, B.B.; loehne, J.A.
APFX1 ; Illinois Dept. of Health, Office of Bnvironsental Health, Spriagfield,
XI
TXTIB ; Alternate Systess for Bfflusnt Treataent and Disposal
SOOBCBi Proceedings of the Second lational Hose Sewage Treatseat Syaposias;
1977; ASAB Publication 5-77; pp. 137-148
IBAB ; 1977
TEXT : Thrse effluent treataent and disposal systess; granular filters, aerobic
lagoons and evaporation were briefly disenssed. Bsphaals was placed on
design criteria and field perforsance, but practical at hoae uss in-
tonation was also presented. Three types of granalar filters wsre
discussed; burled, intersittent and recirculation. Evaporation systeas
lncludsd coabination seepage area and evapotraaspiratlon bed, aad aoa-
dlscharging evapotraaspiratlon beds. All three ssthods were suggested
for single fsallies, schools, ssall industries and ssall auaicipallties.
Bach alternative aethod was econosical, easily designed and aaintained.
(SBP)
COI t Aserlcaa Society of Agricultural lagineers
2950 Biles' Boad
St. jossph, II 49085
ACC8 ;	1000202
AWTBOB:	saurer, «.b.
APPIl ;	Departaeat of Bavironaental Besources, larrisburg, PA
tnil ;	Pield Application; Sand Hound aid Bvapotranapiration Systess
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*3
SOOBCB: Individual Onsite mtmtu Systeas; Proceedings of the Third Bational
Conference; Bational Sanitation Foundation; 1976j pp. Vi-101
IfIt i 1977
TXXT : Tka use of aand sounds and aTapotranapiration bada for wastewater dia-
poaal systeaa in Pennsylvania is discussed. Xvapotranspiration ia not
aa effective in thia atata aa it ia in aora arid atataa because of the
¦attar eliaata. Additional rainfall can cause overflow and consequently
failure. sand eound systeas parfora battar in wet eliaataa bat aany
fail because of poor design or incorract aand aadia. (SIP)
COR j tan arbor scianca Publishers, inc.
P.O. Box 1*25
inn irbor, HI 48106
ICC* : L000203
10TH0B: taabart, D.J.; HcKls, H.L.
IPPIL < U.S. irny Corpa of Engineers, Huntington, ¦*
TITLX : Daar Craak Lake - On-Land Wastewater Traataant Syataa
SOOBCB: Pood, Fertilizer, and igricultural laaidaaa; Procaadinga of tha Bintk
cornall agricultural faata Hanageaent Confaranca; 1977; pp. 79-93
TB1B i 1976
TXXT : Tha Daar craak Laka (Ohio) wastewater traataant ayataa traata wastewater
froa a naarby caaping site. Tha wastewater conaiata aainly of trailar
sewage and aatarial froa showerhouses. Tha traataant ayataa includaa a
stabilization pond, chlorina contact chaabar and apray irrigation eqnip-
aant. Poar three-acre apray fialda, aach with a diffarant cover crop,
vara taatad for yiald and nutriant uptaka. Baaulta show grasses,
alfalfa and aoybaana can ba grown when tha application rata ia laaa than
ona inch par week. Tha aoil absorption syataa reaoves nitrogan, phoe-
phorua, and BOD aufficiantly to aaat drinking water atandarda. (SWF)
COB : inn irbor Scianca Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1125
inn irbor, HI *6106
ICC* : 100020*
I0THOB: Saundara, D.H.C.
IPPIL : Hiniatry of tha Bnvironaent, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
TITLB t in Overview of Dispoaal Optional Tha Ontario Prograa
SOOBCB: Individual Onaita Wastewater Syataaa; Procaadinga of tha Third Bational
Confaranca; Bational Sanitation Foundation; 1976; pp. 75-86
TBIB : 1976
TXXT ] Thia broad-scoped diacuaaion of Ontario's aewage disposal prograa da-
tails iagislation, tha six aain types of savaga systaas categorized by
Ontario Bagulation 229/7*, and problaas associatad with tha prasant
staadards for on-sita aawaga diaposal. i briaf discussion of currant
rasaarch activities conductad by tha Ontario ippliad Sciancaa Saction
concludaa this articla. (SBP)
COB : inn irbor Scianca Publiahara, Inc.
P.O. Box 1*25
Inn irbor, HI *8106
ICC* 3 1000205
I0THOB: Sawhney, B.L.; Starr, J.L.
IPPIL : Tha Connacticut igricultura Xxpariaant Station, Bav HaTan, CT
TITLB i Hovenent of Phorsphorus froa a Saptic Systaa Drainfiald
SOOBCB: Journal of tha watar Pollution Control Padaration, *9(11): 2238-22*2
TXiB : 1977
TXXT < Baport of an investigation of tha aoveaent of phosphorus in saptic tank
affluant froa drainfiald tranchas. Saapling of affluant solution shoved
aovaaant of P downward and horizontally. Only with a high or parchad
groundwatar tabla ia thara a potential for P contanination of ground-
water^ (SWP)
ICC* : L000206
I0THOB: Kolaga, J.J.; Daway, i.W.
IPPIL t oniveristy of Connacticut, Storrs,-CT
TITLB : Saptaga Disposal Practices
SOOBCB; Proceedings of the Bational Hone Sewage Disposal Syaposuia; 197*; ISIB
Publication Proc-175; pp. 122-129
TBIB l 1975
TXXT ; septage characteristics and alternative septage disposal sethods are
discaased. coats for soil injection systeas, nanicipal and state re-
gulations, and responsibilities for septage handling and disposal in
Connecticut are detailed. (SWP)
COB i Inerican society of igrlcultural ingineers
2950 Biles Bond
St. Joseph, HI *9085
ICC* : L000207
IOTHOBt Johnson, B.W.; Brasfield, J.P.; Seville, B.
IPPIL < 0.8. Pepartaent of igricultura. Soil conservation Services, Gainesville,
PL
TITLB : Using soil Survey Intonation to Plan Hoae Sewage Disposal Systeas
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84
SOOBCBt Proceedings of the national bom Sewage Disposal Syeposiua; 1978; * SIB
Publication Proc-175; pp. 210-214
TUB : 1975
TBXT : The as* of soils intonation foe planning disposal systeas is explained.
Tkt choice of a suitable sits for a boss sewage disposal systee sboald
dapand on the soil characteristics. A datailad discussion of soil sur-
vey progress, soil saps, and pertinent soil characteristics ara pre-
••ntad. (SBP)
001 i Anerican Sociaty of Agricultural Bnginaars
2950 Bliss Boad
St. Joseph, 81 *9085
ICC# : 1000208
A0TB0B: Bines, B.; Pavreau, B.B.
APPXL : Ospartsant of Public Health, Cbaspaign and Barion, XL
TXTLB s Becirculating Sand Filters; An Alternative to Traditional Sewage
absorption Systens
SOOBCBt Proceedings of tha Bational Bosa Sewage Disposal Syaposius; 1971; Wll
Publication proc-175; pp. 130-136
TBAB t 1975
*ni t Beseareh indicates that tha as* of a recirculating sand filter can
produce septic tank effluent of a high quality, the systea consists of
a septic tank, recirculation tank, sand filter, disinfection apparatus
and appropriate punps. 1 diagras of tke systea and data for four souths
of operation at* presented. (Sir)
C°B : leerlean society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Boad
St. Joseph, BX *9085
ACC8 t L000209
AOTBOBt Ball, B.«.
irriL t University of Baine, orono, bb
TXTLB » A Conceptual Bodel of Butrient Transport in Subsurface Soil
SOOBCBt Proceedings of the Bural Bnvlronaental Bngineering Conference on later
Pollution Control in Low Density Areas; 1975; Paper Bo. 5; pp. 55-88
TUB t 1975
TBXT x k sodel of how nutrients sight sove through the soil i* proposed. Soil
bacteria convert organic nitrogen to nitrate, which soves through soil
- water systens with ease. Sone specific soils "fix" large anounts of
phosphorus, yet there is suspicion that phosphorus can also be brans-
ported via soil - water novenent. These observations are presented,
following an extensive literature review coabined with a data evalua-
tion. (SBP)
COB t University Press of Bee Bngland
Banover, BB 03755
ICC* t L000210
AOTBOBt Praako, B.
APPXL i Saskatchewan Departsent of Agriculture, Beglna, Canada
TXTLB t Above around Sewage Disposal in Bural Saskatchewan
SOOBCBt Prooeedings of the Bational Bone Sewage Disposal syeposiua; 1978; ASAB
Publication Proc-175; pp. 163-167
TBAB J 1975
TBXT t Because of the cold clinate, special wnstewator treatBent and disposal
systeas are required in Saskatchewan. An open discharge sewage Jet
systea which periodically sprays septic tank effluent directly on the
soil surface nenr trees and vegetation is described. Sewage lagooas are
also reconnended fee use in this clinate. roc consunitles with popula-
tions less than 300, a plastic, saall coeaanlty sewage systea is des-
cribed. Bfflaeat is paaped fron individual septic tanks into a lnrge
conuunity lagoon. Brief descriptions and applications of each systen
are presented. Besic design intonation is included. (SBP)
COB t Aueclcan Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Boad
St. Joseph, B3 89085
ACC# < L000211
AOTBOBt cox, B.B.; Balker, B.B.
kTTTL j Virginia Vater teaources Besearch center, Bedford, TA
TXTLB « Legal Controls Applicable to Snail Sewage Disposal Systens
SOQBCRt Proceedinga of Second Annual Illinois Private Sewage Disposal syapoaiuu;
1977| pp. 51-63
TBAB t 1977
TBXT s the nuture of federal, state, local and private controls over on-site
wastewater systens is reviewed, ¦edifications are recoaaeaded concern-
lag restrictions oa soil abaorptloa systeas, iacreased coordination of
activities with water quality usageneat prograas in each state and an
increased state coatrol ewer local regulatory bodies, a coapreheasive
approach to eavixoaaeataX aanageaeat is coasidered aecessary for aay
effective resolatiea of wastewater lssae. (SfP)
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45
ICC* S L000212
AOTBOBt l>ey, B.T.
mil : Carl c. Crane, Inc.
TIT LB : Coat-Hinded coaaunlty chooses saall Diaaeter Gravity s rata a
SOSKli Watar Sewage Borks, 125(6)1 58-61
TBII j 1978
TBXT t The co¦¦unity of Westboro, Bisconsia, choaa a snail diaaeter gravity
sever ayataa foe wastewater collaction, treatment, and disposal aftac
otkar solutions proved to ba too expensive. The linaa vera inatailed to
convey septic tank affluent froa aacb private hoaa to collaction points;
lift stations vara aaployad where necessary. The collected effluent was
than transferred through conventional sewers to the coaaunlty soil
absorption field in the northern area of town where the soil type was
aost favorable for treatment. This project was brought about because
the state of Viiconsin ordered leatboro to stop discharging septic tank
effluent into a class ZZZ trout streaa. (SIP)
ICC* j 1000213
AUTBOBt Cooper, A.; Bezek, J.B.
APPIL t Bezak, Henry, Beisenheiaer • flende, Inc., Libertyvilla, XL
11TLB j septage Disposal in Bastewater Treataent Plants
SOUBCBt Individual Onsita Bastewater Syatensj Proceedings of the Third Bational
Conference; Bational sanitation Foundation; 1976; pp. 147-169
TBAB : 1977
TBXT : Techniques currently used to treat septage are described in detail in
this article. Baphasis is on disposal by wastewater treataant plants.
Other techniques include land disposal, aerated lagoons, coaposting, BIF
Purifax processing, and cheaical treataeat. Aerobic and Anaerobic pro-
cessing are briefly discussed. Cost estiaates for each aathod are
briefly presented. (SBP)
COB i Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Ann Arbor, II *8106
ACC# t L000214
AOTBOBt Converse, J.C.; Anderson, J.L.; liebell, i.A.; Booaa, j.
APPIL : University of Biscoasin, Badiaon, BI
TITLB : Pressure Distribution to Iaprove Soil Absorption Systaas
SOUBCBt Proceedings of the Bational Bone Sewage Disposal Syaposiua; 1974; ASAB
Publication Proc-175; pp. 104-115
TBAB t 1975
TBXT : soil absorption systaas can ba iaproved through the use of pressure dis-
tribution systeas. The authors stress the iaportanee of using properly
sized, subaersible puaps to distribute tha effluent evenly over the
field, seven distribution systeas were studied; five of thea for two
years. General recoaaendations fox best systen perfoxaance are in-
cluded. Data are represented by tables and graphs. (SBP)
COB : Aaacican Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Boad
St. Joaeph, BI 49085
ACC# t L000215
AUTBOBt Brandaa, B.; Chowdhry, B.A.; Cheng, B.B.
APPIL : ont. Binist. of the Environ., Toronto, Quebec, Canada
TITLB : Bxpariaental Study on Beaoval of Pollutants froa Doaestic Sewage by
Underdrained Soil Filters
SOOBCBt proceedings of the Bational Boae Sewage Disposal Syaposiua; 1974; ASAB
Publication Pxoc-175; pp. 29-36
TBAB t 1975
TBXT t Three coloan filters and 10 underdrained filter beds were used to treat
saptic tank effluent froa seven houses in Ontario, Canada for a period
of five years. Bed and, a by-product of aluainua extractioa froa
bauxite, used in conjunction with aediaa sand, is effective in reaoving
phosphorus, BOD-5, suspended solids, and fecal coliforas froa doaestic
sewage. Clayey silt - 35 percent clay and 57 percent silt - when added
to sand, achieved better reaovals than did the red and. Phosphorus
reaoval by liaestone and clayey silt was also satisfactory. (SBP)
COB t Aaerican Society of Agricultaral Bngineers
2950 Biles Boad
St. Joseph, BI 49085
ACC* t L000216
AOTBOBt flooding, B.B.
APPIL x Pennsylvania State University, Oniversity Park, PA
TITLB t flood Septic Tank Care Avoids Probleas
SOOBCB; Boards Dairyaaa, 117(7); 452-453
TBAB i 1972
TBXT ; Provides practical tips on construction and aaintainance of a conven-
tional septic tank systea. Includes diagraas of a typical systea and
directions for aeasuriag scaa and sludge accnaulatlon. (SBP))
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•6
kCC# : 1000217
tOTHOt: Banaatt, B.B.; linstadt, R.D.; Palton, J.
IPPX1 t Ihiftrilty of Colorado, toaldir< CO
nm : Co* pari son of saptic luk and Itroblc irutHDt Onits: Tka Ispact of
Baatavatar TtcittioM on Thaaa Syataaa
SOOBCBs Procaadings of tha Sural Bnvlronsantal Bnginaaring Confaranca on Batar
Pollution control in Low Dansity kraas; 1975; Papar Bo. 9} pp. 95-108
mi : 1975
TIXT : Peasants a study to datarsina hoaa vaatavatar eharactaristies and to ra-
lata thasa to tba suecass of tha traataant and disposal tachniqaa a sad
by tka hosaovnar. Baaalta indieata thraa-fourtha of tha pollution load
froa individual hoaas is eontainad la about ona-third of tha total
affluaut voluna. Plow load and sargas hava a nagativa iapact on tha
oparation of sattling tanks. Briaf discussions and comparisons of
saptic tanks, aarobic traataant units, and avapotranspiration bads and
tkair applications in Colorado ara includad. (SIP)
COB i onivarsity Prass of la* England
Banovar, BH 03755
BCC8 * 1.000218
IOTBOB: Bousa, J.; Convarsa, J.C.; Carlson, J.s Bakar, P.O.
inn t Vaivarsity of Biseoasin, Badison, BI
TXTLI t Soil lbsorption of Saptic Tank Bffluant in Bodarataly Parsaabla Pina
Silty soils
SOOBCB: Transaction of tha kSkl, 18(6): 1094-1099
TUB t 1975
TUT t Six subsarfaca saapaga systaas vara aonitorad to datarsina raasona for
failara in aodarataly paraaabla fiaa silty soils. Ponding in thraa of
tka six saapaga systaas was attrlbutsd to soil compaction during con-
struction and to biological clogging. Two innovativa saapaga systaas
wara dasignad to ovarcoaa thasa problaas. onca-a-day dosing, with agaal
distribution of tka affluant, allowad for a kigkar laval of soil fauna
activity than was obsarvad in coavantional saapaga fialds. (SIP)
kCC# : 1000219
kVTBOB: Bouaa, J.
*PPn : Onivarsity of Bisconsin, Badison, «I
TXTll i Saptic Tanks Bow Possibla on Baacly kll Soil Typas
SOOBCB: Crops 8 Soils, 27(5): 8-10
TUB : 1975
TUT : Soil typa and eharactaristies ara tka dataraining factors of wastawatar
disposal via saptic tanks, sound systaas and avapotranspiration systaas.
Soil potsntial to absorb and traat wastawatar can ba tastad by savaral
saaas, yat rasults do axhiblt variability. Tha author briafly dascribas
tka usa of innovativa systaas baing rasaarchad at tha Onivarsity of
Bissoasin. I prassura distribution systaa for affluant application to
soil is dascribad. (SBP)
kCC# t £000220
kOTBOB: Krlvak, J.
kPPXl : O.S. Bnvironaantal Protaction kgancy, Hatar Planning Div., Bashington,
	 B.C.
TXTLB i 208 Prograa
SOOBCB: Bational Confaranca on Lass Costly Bastawatar Traataant Systaas for
Saall Coaaunitiasi 1977; pp. 83-85 (BM-600/9-79-010; BUS Baport Bo.
PB 293 254/kS)
COST : 86.50
TUB : 1978
TUT : Explains tha 208 prograa as it ralatas to baaaficial aspacts for saall
coaaunity facility planaing and policy dacisioas, sinca 208 calls for
eonsldaratioa of altarnativas to aaat cost-affactiva raguiraaants,
aavironaantal standards, and social aeonoaie objactivas. (SBP)
COB : BTis
5285 Port Boyal load
Spriagfiald, ?k 22161
ICC# : 1000221
kOTBOB: Bandar, B.B.
irrxi : O.S. Dapartaant of kgricultura. Soil Coasarvatioa Sarvica
[RIB : Soils and Saptic Tasks
IOBBCB: O.S. Dapartaant of kgricoltura, kgricultura Xaforaation Bullatin Bo.
3*9, 12 pagas
tUB : 1971
tin t k ooapandiua of prooadaras aad guidalinas for avaluating a sita for
construction of a saptic systas. Dascribas how factors sack as soils,
topograpky, gaology, aad kydrology can ba istarpratad for asa in tka
avaluation. Isolates lastructions for asiag a soil aap, calcalating tka
sita of an absorption fiald, aad aakiag a paroolation tast. (SBPJ
ICC* : 1000222
kOTROli kadarsoa, J.L.; Grossaaa, B.B. j laaly, It.k.j Skaggs, B.
ITTTL i Onivarsity of BiscoasiB, Badison, BX
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•7
TITLE : Sit* Tasting for the Design of Septic Systeas
SOOBCB: Proceedings of Second Bational loaa Sewage Tcaataant Syaposiua; 1977;
ISM Publicaton 5-77; pp. 16-21
!ttl : 1977
TBXT t The iaportanca of aita characterication and tasting as a reguireaent for
design of subsurface treatment systeas is discassed. I list of a site*s
characteristics that shovld be aeasvred and why, and a description of
the nost coneonly used Methods for aeasureaent with consents on their
effectiveness is provided. (SWF)
COB > iaerican society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Biles load
St. Joseph, 41 <9085
L000223
Bellen, w.L.
Lake cosnty Health Departaent, laukegan, IL
The leed for Iaproving Septic Systes Bepair Practices
Proceedings of Second innual Illinois Private Sewage Disposal Sysposias;
1977; pp. 1-10
1977
Describes probleas encountered with failing septic systeas and possible
resedies of these probleas, short of replacing an entire systes. The
need for better jadgesent and knowledge in the selection and location
of on-site processes is substantiated. The experiaental use of hydrogen
peroxide to rejuvenate leaching fields is discussed, an on-site process
selection table based on soil properties is presented. (SIP)
L000224
Patterson, D.B.j Langlots, L.l.
Indiana state Board of Bealth, Indianapolis, IB
i survey and Discussion of Soae innovative On-site Sewage Disposal
Systeas Installed in Indiana
Proceedings of second innual Illinois Private Sewage Disposal Syapoaiua;
1977; pp. 103-115
1977
Presents an evaluation of hone aeration-type sewage disposal anits.
Probleas encountered were vide variation of treataent provided by
various units and poor aaintanance of units and/or the coaponents by
owners. Systes owners do not replace calciun hypochlorite tablets. The
results of an effluent aoaitoring prograa where saaples were taken froa
62 on-site aerated systeas, including seven different units, are
susaarised for average values of BOD-5, TS, S3, TP and fecal colifora.
The need for strict aonitoring of the syteas to insure their proper
operation is stressed. (SVF)
L000225
Patterson, L.
Salt Lake City, 0T
Coabustion Toilet
O.S. Patent Office Official Oasette, 901(3): 783
1972
Patent for a device which deposits toilet waste onto a pivotal,
suspended receptacle which is then rotated to a coabaation position;
gases are reaoved via a flue. The receptacle then advances to a cooling
position before again receiving waste. (SBF)
L000226
Pretorius, w.i.
Bational Institute for water Besearch, Pretoria, South Africa
Septic Tank Diac Onits
later Pollution control, 74(2): 196
1975
Treating and upgrading septic tank effluent can be accosplishad, using
a rotating disc unit (BD0) consisting of two or aore stages. The BD0
is not detriaentally affected by low dissolved ozygea concentrations
characteristic of septic tank effluent and it is able to accoaodate flow
fluctuations. The potential to achieve both nitrification and denltrl-
fication with the application of IDO's is proposed. (SBF)
ICC# t L000227
10TB0B: Beid, I.C., Jr.
iFPIL : University of Washington, Seattle, It
TITLB t Design of lastewater Disposal systeas for individual Dwellings
SOOICBt Journal of later Pollution Control Faderation, *3(10)< 2004-2010
MB x 1971
TBXT : in extended aeration systes for use in individual dwellings was devel-
oped and tested. The unit consists of four separate operations) prisary
aeration, secondary aeration, sediaeatation, and chloriaation. in air-
lift systes is used for nixing and aerating the wastewater, and plate
settlers are uaed for sludge separation. The initial phase of the pro-
ject was a laboratory study conducted on a aodel of the plaat. This
study allowed the exaainatloa of the efficiency of the plate settlers
icc* i
IOTHOB:
iPPIL :
TITLB :
SOOBCB:
YBiB
TBXT :
iCC« t
iOTHOB:
kPFIL :
TITLB :
SOOBCB:
TBiB :
TBXT :
ICC# I
iOTHOBJ
iPPIL I
TITLE :
SOOBCB:
IBiB :
TBXT :
icc# :
iUTBOB:
iPPIL :
TITLE :
SOOBCB:
TEiB :
TBXT :
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18
and the overall efficiency of the systea. Based on the results of the
laboratory work, a fall-seal* plant was constructed to handle 300 gpd
(1.1 ca n/day). This plant was operated for five souths with average
blocheslcal oxygen denand and suspended solids renoval efficiencies of
96 percent. The operating cost of the plant ranged fron SO.0* to SO.12/
day in 1970. Chlorinated efflaent was thought to be suitable for toilet
flashing. The work was done in Anchorage, Alaska, by the Bnvironaental
Engineering Section of the Arctic Research Center. (AO)
ICC# : L000228
AUTHOR: Beneau, B.B., Jr.
APPIL : Virginia Polytechnic Institute * state 0.; Dept. of Agronosy; Blacks-
bar g, TA
TITLB : Changes in Inorganic litrogenoas Conponnds fron Septic Tank Bfflnent
in a Soil with a Fluctuating Water Table
SO0BCB: Journal of Bnvironaental Quality, 6(2): 173-178
TBAB : 1977
TBXT : Changes in assonia, nitrite, and nitrate were nonitored in-sita for
soil sanples fron 1972-1975 in a Virginia Coastal Plain soil having a
fluctuating water table. Amaonia-R in solution above the plinthic
horicon decreased with increasing distance fros the drainfield in the
direction of groundwater flow. Bitrite and nitrate concentrations did
not change significantly with distance above the plinthic horlson, but
they did accumulate in the plinthic material beginning at a 1.27 seter
distance fros the drainfield. Bitrification adjacent to the drainfield
was possibly inhibited by high oxygen deaand, high assonia content, and
general anaerobic conditions present. Areas where denitrification was
postulated to occur had redox potentials of approximately +200 nV
(adjusted to 25 degrees Centigrade and pB 7.0). Bitrite and nitrate
that soved into the plinthic horizon had not undergone denitrification.
The data is summarized and tabulated, for each set of paraneters
evaluated. (SWP)
ACCi t L000229
ARBOR: Bodale, B.
APPIL i Bodale Press, inc., Bsaaus, PA
TITLB : goodbye to the Plush Toilet
SOtTRCK: coapost science, 12(6): 24-25
TBAB : 1971
TBXT : The flush toilet is criticized as wasting water, nutrients and noney.
It also contributes to solid and liquid waste disposal probless.
Becycling husan wastes back to the soil is advocated. The clivus
Bultras composting toilet is described. (SBP)
ACC# t 1000230
AUTHOR: Boosa, T.D.
APPIL i Best Hartford, CT
TITLB i Plashing Device
SOUBCB: O.S. Patent Office Official gazette, 895(5): 1617
TBAB : 1972
TBXT : Patent for a flushing device that conserves water by regulating the
amount of flush water. A slideable float is provided to prevent back-
siphoning in case of water supply failure. (SBP)
ACC# : 1.000231
AOTHOB: Boss, C.I.
APPIL : OSDA
TITLB : Bural Bastes: ideas Beeded
SOOBCB: water and Wastes Bngineering, 9(2): «6-«7
TBAR I 1972
TXZT : The need for alternative collection and disposal systems for rural
areas is discussed. Pressurized, small-diameter mains and solids size
reduction are seen as viable solutions toward obtaining a low-cost,
dependable system for rural waste management. (SBP)
ACC* : L000232
AOTBOBt Busse1mann, h.b.
APPIL : Illinois State University, Bormal, IL
TITL1 : Bo Discharge Treatment Systems
SOOBCB: Proceedings of second Annual Illinois Private Sewage Disposal Symposiums
1977} pp. 83-96
TBAB : 1977
TBXT : Brief description and illustrated discussion of the siz sajor types
of no-discharge systems: 1) Conventional holding tank systesi 2) non-
conventional holding tank system) 3) zero discharge system, on-site
waste treatment; 4) zero discharge system, om-site incineration} 5) zero
discharge system, on-site composting} and 6) zero discharge system,
evapotranspiration. (SWP)
ACC* : L000233
AOTBOBi Kreissl, J.P.
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19
mil < U.S. IiTiroutattl Protection Agency* luiciptl InTiiouwttl iMmrck
Laboratory, Cincinnati, 01
TITLB t 0. S. SPA lupoan to PL 92-500 Belating to Bural lastewater Problaaa
SOOBCBt Individual Onaita Wastewater Syataaai Proceedings of tha Third latioeal
conference: latioaal Sanitation Poandatlont 1976; pp. 21-36
TUB t 1977
TBXT i Praaanta tha response of IPl'i offloe of leaearck and Developaent to
the aandatea of sections 10* and 105 of PL 92-500. Topics indada
advanced collection technology, on-site alternative aysteas, septic
tank aludge handling, and cost estisates of on-site alternatives. (Sir)
COS t Inn Arbor Science Publishers, inc.
P.O. Bos 1125
inn lrbor, II 48106
»CC« i L000234
AOTBOBt Veda, S.
AFFXL t Kanagava-ken, Japan
TXTLB < Plashing Toilet Apparatus
SOOBCBt O.S. Patent Office Official Oasatta, 896(3)t 8«1
TUB i 1972
TBXT t A patent device with a large aater-bolding chaaber that provides, wash-
vatar for sany toilets is substituted for the conventional-type toilet
with a single water closet. (SIP)
ICC* t L000235
IDTHOBs Taaaickle, L.
AFFXL t Tansickle Construction Coapaay
TXTLB i Probleaa of On Site Sewage Disposal
SOOBCBt Proceedings of sacond Annual Illinois Private Savage Disposal Syaposiaat
1977| pp. 22-27
TUB I 1977
TBXT t A sewage disposal contractor explains that honebailders east consider
the special characteristics of a building lot when choosing a certain
typa of on-site treataeat aalt. Case stadias involving aerobic systeas
that have been proved satisfactory are briefly dlscassad. Proper design
and operation of an aerobic treataeat systea is eaphaslaed. (SIP)
ACC8 t L000236
AUTHORS Tiraraghavan, I.| larnock, B.O.
APPIL < University of Ottawa, Dept. of civil Baginaeriag, Ottawa, Canada
TXTLB t Oroandwater Pollution fros a Septic Tile
SOOBCBt later. Air, and Soil Pollution, 5(3)t 281-287
TBAB t 1976
TBXT t A soil's ability to reaove pollutants fros septic tank afflaent was
invastigatad. The characteristics of the groundwater below an existing
septic tlla field were stadied during the saaser of 1973. The concen-
trations for cheaical coastitaents were found to be nach lower in tha
groandwater coapared to the septic tank afflaentt however, these were
guite high coapared to background levela for the groandwater In the
area, indicating the pattern of pollution that is taking place. This
article la suaaarixed in L000237. (AO)
ACCt i L000237
AOTBOBt Tiraraghavan, T.j larnock, B.8.
APPIL I Oniversity of Ottawa, Dept. of Civil Bngineering, Ottawa, Canada
TXTLB i eroandwatar Quality Adjacent to a Septic Tank Systea
SOOBCBt Journal of Aaerican later lorks Association, 68(11)t 611-61*
TBAB t 1976
TBXT t Efficiency of a septic tank systea near Ottawa, Canada, receiving
doaastic. wastes fros a rural household under seasonally varying con-
ditions was studied. Pledaoat and pontine soils wore prevalent in the
area. The unsaturated soils reaoved high aaoants of BOD, TSS, 80C, etc.,
with the exception of phosphates. Daring loading, a general riM of
contaainant occurred in the groundwater adjacent to the tila. Daring
periods of high water tabla, the travel of pollataats was dacraased
and their dilation increased. Tha pollatant concentration, as. indicated
by COD and BOD, anaoala nitrogen and chlorides, decreased significantly
with distance froa the tlla and. This article is a saaaarixed version
of L000236. (SIP)
ACCd t L000238
AOTBOBt letxel, B.D.
AFFIX t larahfiald, IA
TXTLB t Coapaet Sewage Treataeat Apparatus
SOOBCBt O.S. Patent office Official Oasatta, 903(5)t 1582
TBAB t 1972
TBXT t Patent for a coapact hoasiag that iaclades an apparatas which laltlally
clariflaa sewage by anaerobic dacoapoaitloa, priaary sedlaeatatloa and
flotation, and cheaical reduction of BOO and oollforas. Pinal olarlCioa-
tioa is performed by aecoadary aedlaeatatloa, flotatioa aad filtratioa.
(•IF)
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50
ACC* t L000239
lOTIOlt Toon?, A.B., Jr.
AFPIL : Ccoiijliu Corporation
TITLB : Soils Infiltration and Evaporation of Wastewater by larobic Processes
SOOBCB: Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Technical Booting of the Institute of
Bnvironsental Sciences; pp. 115-117
nil : 1977
T1XT : Individual aarobic traataant anita and tha aaana of treating their
effluent by aarobic drainage fields and by evapotranspiration bads
ara discassad. Tho installation ragoiraaants of an evapotranspiration
bod aro outlined. (SIP)
ICC* : 1.0002*0
inn, s University of lisconsin, Badison, II
TITLB : Oaa of Soil for Disposal and Traataant of Soptic Tank Bffluent
SOOBCB: Proceedings of tha Sural Environmental Inginoaring Confaraoca on watar
Pollotion control in Low Dansity Areas; 1975; Paper Bo. 8) pp. 89-91
TUB < 1975
TSXT i The Saall Scala lasta lanaganant projact at tha University of Wisconsin
is discassad. Alternative solutions for slowly paraaabla soils and soils
with high groundwater tablas aro prasantad. A saall sap of soil condi-
tions in Wisconsin is featured. (SWP)
COB t University Prass of Bow Bngland
Banover, BB 03755
ICC* > 10002*1
AVTBOB: Barbarick, K.A.; farrick, 1.1.) Post, D.P.
APPXL < University of lrisona, Tucson, II
TITU t Parcolatioa Tasts tor Soptic Tank Suitability in Southern Aricona Soils
SOOBCB: Journal of Soil and Bator Conservation, 31(3): 110-112
TUB i 1976
YRT t Percolation tests vara conducted for soptic tank saitability in nine
southern Iritona soils to determine relationships between tho percola-
tion rate and test disaster and to correlate the rates with selected
¦oil parameters, coefficients of variability for the percolation rata
at each sit* varied froa seven to *8 percent. 1 natheeatical relation-
ship and a regression analysis to relate percolation rate to test-hole
geoaetry were used. The predicted theoretical percolation rate of a
test-hole 10 centimeters in diaaeter was 2.5 tises«that for a hole 30
cn. in diaaeter and approximated the experimental results. (SfPfr
ICC* : 1.0002*2
AOTBOB: Leia1eke, j.b.
AVFIL i Illinois Bnvironmental Protection lgency, Springfield, IL
,*ITLB t State Perspective - Facilities Planning for Saall Onsewered cosaunitias
in Illinois
SOOBCBi Bational Conference on Less Costly Bastewater Treatment syateaa for
Small Communities; 1977; pp. 86-92 (BPA-600/9-79-010; BTIS Beport Bo.
PB 293 258/AS)
COST i S6.50
TUB : 1978
TBXT t Cost-effectiveness concerns led to the conclusion that many unsevered
communities would be economically better off to correct aeptic tank
malfunctions and/or to study on-site alternatives, rather than to in-
stall sewer systess. "Bo action" is an Illinois response to studying
alternatives to conventional, centralised sever systess. Coals and
guidelines for "no action" are Included. (SBP)
COB : BTIS
5285 Port loyal Boad
Spxiagfield, V* 22161
ACC* : 1000243
AtJTBOB: Cain* J.B.; Beatty, B.T.
AFFIL t University of tisconsia, Badison, II
UTLl < Disposal of Septic Tank Bffluemt in Soils
SOQBCSt Journal of Soil and Bater Conservatioa, 20(3): 101-105
TUB x 1965
TUT : This report, based on a review of the literature of certain aspects of
on-site sewage disposal, includes discussions of the use of soil survey
information for identifying sites suitable for septic tank waste
disposal systems, the importance and neamurement of soil permeability,
the possible sources of soil clogging, and the contamination of ground-
water by effluent froa septic tanks. The authors emphasise the need for
intelligent land use planning, sound soning, and strict sanitation
ordinaaces. (AO)
ICC* < 10002**
AOTBOB: Crabs, J.B.
AFFIL : Bulti-Plo Inc., Dayton, OB
TITLB t Sizing, Design and Application factors im Borne Sewage Treataent systeas
SOOBCBi Proceedings of the Bational lose Sawage Disposal Symposium; 197*; 1SAB
Publication Proc-175; pp. 182-190
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51
Till J 1975
TJIT i The factors affecting sizing, flow and organic loading arc ezplaiaed,
and the operation of an aerobic treataent systea is discussed. Typical
application azaaplas ara given and a simplified systen daaign la »i-
plainad briefly. (SBF)
COI > Aaerican society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Hoad
St. Joseph, II *9085
ICC# t 10002*5
AOTBOBs Bokaa, D.L.S ffhiteaide, B.P,
AFFXL t Bichigan stata University, Agricultural Bzperiaent station. Bast
Lansing, HI
TITLB i parforaanca of Saptic Tank Diapoaal Fielde in Bepresentative Michigan
Soils
SOOBCBt Bichigan Agricultural Bxperinant station Besearch Baport 157j 15 pagas
TBIB > 1972
IBXT t Suaaarixed soil aap data ara nsad to agnata the parforaanca of prasant
sewage disposal systais with soil texture. soil paraaability and texture
ara coaparad with parcolation rata. Basalts show saan parcolation ratas
(BPS) and par¦•abilities dacraasa as tha soil texture bacoaaa coarsar.
Saasonal variations of parcolation ratas exist, tharafora tasts for
parcolation should ba nada aarly ia tha yaar or aftar considerable
preaoaking. An iaproved prasoaking aethod 1s recoasended. Tabulated
results are included, with disposal field parforaanca, profile textures,
estiaated load/trench area ratioa and field age paraaeters coaparad.
(SWF)
ICC* « L000246
AOTBOBi Beer, C.B.t Saith, D.L.O.j Bffert, O.D.j Saith, B.J.
AFFIL < Iowa state University, Anas, I*
TXTLB J Analysis and Parforaanca of a Sewage Osaosis Systea
SOOBCBt Proceedings of tha second Bational lose Sewage Treataent Syaposiuaj
1977i ASAB Publication 5-77j pp. 193-201
TSAB t 1977
TBXT < Analysis was conducted on the perforaance of a sewage osaosis systea
that was claiaed to operate via electrolysis, galvanic cell and electro-
osaoais. Besearchers found that the energy supply required to operate
the systea via electrolysis was inadeguate. An electrocheaical call
cannot siaultaneously be galvanic and electrolyte as claiaed by the
licensee. Laboratory nodals and field studies at two installation sites
(one being a aite where a conventional field had failed) were used to
obtain data. The laboratory atudy laated 35 daya. Field installation
site I produced 362 days of useable data. Field site IX was purposely
overloaded and produced 101 days of useable data. The difference in
absorption rates at sites I and XI were greater than expected. Site II
will have the sewage osBonis systea installed and a follow-up report on
its perforaance is pending. (SIP)
COB : Aaerican society of Agricultural Bngineers
2950 Biles Boad
St. Joseph, BX «9085
ACC# t L000217
AUTBOB: Bonaa, J.) Converse, J.C.; liebe11, l.A.; Bagdoff, F.B.
AFFIL t Oniversity of Bisconsin, Badison, II
TXTLB t An Bxperiaental Bound Systea for Disposal of Septic Tank Bffluent in
Shallow soils over Creviced Bedrock
SOOBCBt Proceedings of the international Conference on Land For Baste Banage-
aentt 1973| pp. 367-377
T»B | 1973
TBXT i The conventional aethod of subsurface disposal of liguid waste cannot
be applied in shallow soils over creviced bedrock. A aound systea with
60 ca (two feet) of sandy fill between a soil-covered seepage bed and
the original topsoil was designed to provide disposal and treataent of
septic tank effluent. Bffluent was puaped into the seepage bed four
tiaes a day throagfc a plastic pipe 3.1 ca ia diaaeter, leading to a aan-
ifold and four PTC laterals 2.5 ca ia diaaeter. Six 5.1 aa. holes were
located 75 ca. apart ia each lateral, iasariag even distribution of
effluent during each dosaga in tha seepage bad. Preliaiaary aoaitoring
data of an axperiaental field systea shoved stroag reductions of fecal
indicators, BOD, and COD. Beaoval of B occurring ns nitrate was in-
adeguate due to nitrificatioa ia the well-aerated aound, and further
studios are in progress to iaprove B reaoval. Tha ayatea Waa operated
without probleaa during the winter. (AO)
ACC* < L0002M
ASTBOBi Ooldstein, S.B.J Boberg, B.J., Jr.
AFPXL i Systea Scieaeea Inc., Bethesda, BD
TXTLB i laatewater Treataent Systeas for Baral Coaaunities
SOOBCBt Conuission on Bural Batert 35« pages
vata i K13
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52
TBXT : k guide to available ijitau and coipouMti for rural wastewater treat-
aent. Provide* a definitive approach to aaall aawaga treatment eystees,
the role of soils la wastewater disposal, traditional aad altarData
approachea to syteaa daaigu, operations and cost of traataant ayataas.
lotanda to assist designers aad planners of rural wastewater traataant
facilitias in laying oat praliBinary ayataa plans. Provides potantial
cliente, governaent aganciaa, loan guarantors and lagislators with
sufficient inforaation on available alternatives with which to aaka
an inforaed dacision on effective vastavatar traataant. (SIP)
ICC* : 1000249
lOTBOti Stavart, D.B.
kPPXL » Oaiversity of Bisconsin, Collaga of kgricnlture ( life Science, Badison,
¦I
TXT1X : Legal, planning and Bcoaoaic Considarations of On-Site Sewerage Sytaaa
900BCB: Procaadings of tka Batioaal Boaa sewage Disposal Syapoaiuat 197*; ISIB
Publication Proc-175; pp. 222-230
Till j 1975
< Saggeatioaa for iaproviag ragolations daring tka installation, oparation
and aaiateaeace, and tka failing phasa of oa-site ayataaa ara listad
and described. (s»P)
CO* * kaericaa society of Igricultural Bngineers
2950 liles load
St. Joseph, IX *9085
*CC# t 1000250
109101: sikora, L.J.; Bent, B.O.; Coray, B.B.; Beeney, D.B.
t Oniversity of Bisconsin, Badison, BX
TXTIS i Septic Bitrogen aad Phosphorus Beaoval test systes
SOOtcit around water, 1« (5)j 309-314
TUB : 1976
WW J I gravity flow vertical sand colons, followed by a horiaontal colaan
containing dolosite ox calcite aedioa, was laboratory tested for hose
reaoval of nitrogen and pkosphoros. Bitrogen reaoval was hlgk wken
nitrification with aetkanol addition was ased. Pkosphoros reaoval failed
after ona aoath probably beeaaae of aIlea growth on the aedlaa. kir
ports naintained aerobic conditions in the sand colaan wkere nitrifica-
tion occurred. The otkar colaan was tke site of denitrlfication aad
phosphorus reaoval. (SBP)
kOC« t 1000251
kVTBOBi Sehwlesov, B.F.
UR1 » BSDft
Wll t Rose Sewage Diaposal Systeaa - Past aad Present
SOVICBt Proceedings of the Batioaal Boaa Sewage Disposal Syaposiuaj 1974) 1S1B
Publication Pzoc-175< pp. 2-8
TBAB j 1975
Tin « Brief historical accouat of hone waste disposal systess, followed by
	 a dlscassioa of current trends in systes design and research. (SBP)
60V t kaericaa Society of Agricultural Bngineers
2950 Biles Boad
St. Joseph, BX 490*5
&0C« t L000252
IVTBOBi Viraraghavaa, t.
tWt t BOX ltd., Prederictoa, Bew Braaawiek, Canada
Wll t Travel of Bicroorganlaas f roa a Septic Tile
SOVtCls Batar, kir, and Soil Pollatloa, 9(3)t 355-362
TUB i 1975
TtXT I as investigation aoaitored tke koriaoatal travel of iadicator sicro-
ocganisa fron tke end of a septic tile la tke dlrectloa of grouadwatar
flow. Tke aicroorganiss lsvels exhibited a decliaiag tread with distance
away free the tile ead. Beoauae tke aaaaterated depth of soil available
fer alotaotfuiaa vertical travel was Halted, relatively hlgk levels of
orgaalsss were foead la tke grouadwatar eves at a koriaoatal distance
of 15.2S a. fsoa the ead of tke septic tile, (it)
ICC# t LOO0253
lBTBOBt Tiraragkavaa, T.
kPPH t in ltd., Prederictoa, lew Braaswick, caaada
TXTU « Xntlaeaca of Teaperatare oa tke Perforaaace of Septic Taak Systeaa
SM*Cls Batar, k&s, aad Soll Pollatloa, 7(1) t 103-110
mi I 1977- -
**** < Boaaekold kot water tiaefcarged late a septic taak syetes kept tke
teaperature of tke llguid la tke septic taak aad dralaage field above
ftutiag dariag a 15-aoatk investigatioa la Ottawa, Caaada. Tke aystaa
did operate aore efficleatly la the reaoval of BOD aad COD wkea soil and
•It teaperatares sere higher, i table of aeaa aoathly air, soil aad
wastewater teaperatares aad graph of pereeat redactloa of BOD aad
orthopkosphate at differeat soil teaperatares are included. (SWP)
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53
ACC* i L000254
AOTWOB: Titittgktni, 1.; Warnock, B.8.
ami t University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
TITLB t Efficiency of a Septic Tils Sritti
SOOBCBs Jontnal of the water Foliation Control Federation, *8(5)t 934-944
YBAB i 1976
TBXT t Field investigations carried ont fron Deceaber 1972 to Pebraary 1974
in Ontario, Canada, shoved that Fiednont and Fontiac soils had the
ability to renove 75-90 percent of the SS, BOD, nitrate, COD, and
soluble organic carbon fron septic tank effluent. Deductions of phos-
phate were in the 25-50 percent range. Bfficiencies of the aysteas
ranged fron 80-90 percent in the suaaer and fell to 70-75 percent in
the winter. (Sip)
ICC* s L000255
AUTBOBs Berthold, 8.«.
APPIL : lew Orleans, LA
TXTLB > Septic Tank Systea
SOOBCBi Patent Bo. 3,564,854
YBAB j 1971
TBXT i Partially sabnerged septic tank systen with indaced air flow to aid
sewage deconposition is described. Baffle prevents backflo* of air that
is pnaped fron inlet, through tank and exits discharge line. (SWF)
ICC* : 1000256
AOTBOBs Khly, J.
AFFIL > 1/1
TITLB s Bacetrack Sewage Flant solves Diaaitt's Sanitation Froblens
SOOBCBs Bater 8 Sewage Borks, 118(9)t 302-303
TB1B s 1971
TBXT j Oxidation ditch sewage treataent facility was installed in Diaaitt,
Texas. Wastewater travels 300 feet areaad a "racetrack" (oxidation
ditch type) and is pnaped to a clarifier with revolving scraper. Solids
are drawn off to n drying bed and are later sold as fertiliser, later
flows froa the clarifier into snail-diked retention ponds and overflows
into a nearby lake. Lake water is used for fara irrigation. (SWF)
ICC* t L000257
AOTlOBs Waldorf, l.b.
IPPIL j Appalachian Begional coaaission, Washington, D.C.
TITLB < Boyd County Denonstration Project
SOOBCBs lational conference on Less costly wastewater Trentaeat Systeas for
Saall Coaauuities; 1977j pp. 68-72 (IFA-600/9-79-010j BTIS Beport Bo.
FB 293 254/AS)
COST : $6.50
TBAB : 1978
TBXT i Presentation describes the Boyd Coaaty deaonstration project and pro-
vidaa suggestions for future grants that would pertain to sewage
treataent in rural inerica. The project supports the aerobic treataent
unit an a workable alternative for the hoaeowner. Forty-seven faailies
served by 36 individunl hone units nnd two nulti-fanily units partici-
pated in the project, six aanufacturers were represented with 16 strenn
dischnrge units, two sprny irrigation units, one evapotranspirntion
unit and 19 subsurface field discharge units. Four recycle units
serving five hones produced clenr, odorless water. Froblens thnt arose
fron the eguipnent nnd with the grant are included. (SBF)
COB j BTIS
5285 Port Boyal Boad
Springfield, TA 22161
ICC* < L000258
AUTBOBs Sieball, W.I.] Anderson, J.L.j Bouaa, J.» BcCoy, B.
APPXL > University of Wisconsin, Badison, WI
TITLB > Fecal Bacteriat Beaoval froa Sewage by Soils
SOORCBs ASAB Paper 75-2579 for Aaaual fleeting
TBAB t 1975
TBXT * Colaaa experlaeats deternised the fecal ooliforn reaeval capability of
a sandy soil and a clayey soil. Desalts indicated that N ca. of sandy
soil will reaove large auabers of fecal indicators and pathogens* bat
n deeper aaouat would be necessary for coaplete renoval. Flo* aad teap-
eratare greatly affected the reaoval process, sixty ca. of clayey soil
reaoved fecal Indicators very effectively, but becaaae of the less
perseable nature aad the characteristic air-filled soil pore, fecal
coliforas could sove through the soil without being renoved nnd would
lntar surface as an indicator of pollution. Tests were conducted on
several variables. Both dosing aad continaoaa flow studies were con-
ducted. A lengthy list of references are provided with the article.(SWF)
ACC* J L000259
AUTBOBs Leieh, B.H.
AFP XL t B/A
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5«
rui
mr
»¦
CXTll i Sevarlaas Sanitation: Saver varaaa sewerlees Hathoda - i Report by a
Congressional Coaaittee
50CICB: iconpost science, 18(4): 26
1*11 s 1977
tRT : Key lmw of testisony given on dosestic wastewater treataent to the
louse Subcosuittee on the Invironuent and the ltnosphere (Docuaent iro.
106). Discusses tha controversy of centralised wastewater treataent
versus on-slta disposal systsss and tha total lack of incentives for
oa-sita ayataaa. (SIP)
ICC# t 1000260
LOT BOS: lona, j.
IPPIt : university of lisconsin, University Extension < Dept. of soil science,
ladisoa, II
FXTll : evaluation of tha Field Parcolation Taat and an Alternative Procedure
to Vast Soil Potential for Disposal of Saptic Tank affluent
JOUBCI: soil science Sociaty of laerica Proceedings, 35(6): 871-875
fill : 1971
HIT : in order to provide a reliable alternative to the conventional perco-
lation test, an alternative procedure was researched in lisconsin.
leasureeent of k values in-aita, as a function of soil soisture tension,
is proposed as a field test to determine soil potential for effluent
disposal. I field experiaent with dosing of effluent was Bade to deaon-
strate that systes aanageaent will dateruine which K values froa the
¦ensured range will apply to the flow systes at any given tlae. (10)
ICC# : 1000261
roraoi: Bill, i.e.
iPPIt : Wisconsin Bureau of Bnvironaental Health, ladisoa, IX
mil : soil Testing Certification
XHTICl* Individual Onsite lastewater Systeasi Proceedings of the Pourtk lational
Conference; lational sanitation Poundationt 19771 pp. 129-134
» 1978
t Discusses the development and operation of the lisconsin progras for
conducting soil tests to evaluate sites for septic tank systess. (SIP)
: inn Irbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1*25
Inn Irbor, II *8106
LCC# j 1000262
IMF8011 Sena, C.l.
IPPIL i lational lavironaental Bealth issoclatlon
mil : Current Status on On-site lastewater lanagenent
MVKIt Journal of Invironsental lealth, 40(5): 279-285
rill : 1978
fix* : maples of state and local regulatory progress are presented, le-
ferances relating to recent publications stunning froa research are
briefly discussed. Two tables give requirements tor septic tank and
absorption field design for each individual state. The need for a new
handbook which would Include all available on-site technologias and the
need to resolve differences in*opinion between planners, installers,
and regulators of ou-site systess are esphaslsed and briefly docuaented
(SIP)
ICC# I 1000263
IVMOlt laar, i.d.
IPPIt ( Bureau of Invironsental 6 Occupational Bealth, Lansing, n
mil : leport on the Ten State Cosslttee for Onsite Sewage Systess
lOOIClt Individual onsite lastewater systess] Proceedings of the Third lational
Conference; lational Sanitation Poundationt 1976: pp. 201-204
: 1977
: Brief sussary of progress aada by the Tea State Cosslttee for on-slta
savage systeas 1975-1977. The coaaitte* serves as a nediua for standi-*,
procedures and the exchange of policies over the tea state reaion at
the flreat Lakes-Opper Mississippi liver Basin. Their final resort
expected to be published in 1979. (SIP)	'
» lu Irbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Inn Irbor, IX 48106
ICC* : 1000264
I WHO* j Bailey, J.; fallaan, B.
IPPIL t general pynasics corp., Blectric Boat Division, Qroton. CT
tXYll t flow Induction of taste later fros Bouseholda
later and Sewage lorks, 118(3): 68-70
1971
la evaluation of currently available household flow reduction and traat-
sent scheses is presented, pindings show that water savino device. ««
30-50 percent on water charges, loaeownei'acccptaace of such devices
Is cluiaed and supported with survey datfc. Cosplete waste treataent an*
scheaes for reuse of reclaimed water in the hose are found to £
ini
mr
sow
sooici:
rail :
RR :
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55
practical at this tiM. Bator saving suggestions and estiaatad cost
savings irt pr«snt«i. (SWF)
CC# t L000265
(ITBOB: litbtlli B.k.; hto, D.H.j Deininger, J.P.; McCoy, E.
PPIL : University of aisconsin, Madison, *1
ITLB : Ose of Bacteria in lssassing Vast* Treataent and soil Disposal Systaas
OUBCEi Proceedings of tha Bational Boae Sewage Disposal Syaposiua; 1974; ftSIB
Publication Proc-175; pp. 58-73
11B j1975
BIT t Bacteriological analysis of safetic tank, sound and aerobic treatment
effluents is presented. Population ranges and aeans for fecal strepto-
cocci, fecal coliforna, total colifores, pseadoaonas aeruginosa and
total bacteria are listed. Proa the data, it was coacluded that donestic
savage Bust be disinfected even after on-site treatment. (SIP)
OB » kaerican Society of agricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Boad
St. Joseph, HI 09085
CC# : L000266
UTflOB: aaonyaoua
FPU 1 B/A
IIll t Low Pressure sewer Systen with arinder Puaps Provides Bastewater
Collection Versatility
OOICB: Bater and Sewage Borks, 120(11)t 58-59, 89
BIB < 1973
BXT : Low pressors sewer syeteas with grinder paaps can solve aaay probleas
for areas where gravity sewers sight be costly or aet applicable. This
systea has no infiltration probleas, requires little or ao bedding, and
the saall dianeter pipes can be laid following land coatours, Grinder
puaps puap the sewage and reduce the sise of solids to mit the pressure
and flow requireaents of saall diamter pipes. This concept could be
used to connect previously non-sewered areas with present gravity
sewers. (SBP)
CC# t 1000267
OTHORs Billiaas, T.C.
PPIL j Billiaas and Borks, Grand Baplds, BZ
1TLB > Plastic Pipe, Pressure Sewers, Bark Expansion
OQBCB: Bater and Bastes Engineering, 12(11)s 85-87
Bill i 1975
BXT : Description of the first polyethylene pipe collection systen. Grinder
puaps and pressure sewers nre incorporated into ths systea serving a
resort town with fluctuating population. Bastewater is treated la four
aerated lagoons and then sent to two 16-acre storage ponds for later
drawdown and disposal on 18 irrigation fields. (SBP)
CC# : L000268
OTHOBt aaonynous
PPIL t B/k
TTLE : Pressure Sewer Systeas Gain Bew Popularity
OOBCEt Bater and sewage Borks, 12 (2): 81-87
BIB : 1975
'EXT i Advantages and disadvantages of pressure sewer systeas are discussed.
Grinder punp systeas and septic tank effluent pusping systeas are
exaaiaed la light of recent experience with these schenes. The concept
of pressure-piping sewage is recognised as a growing and viable alterna-
tive to conventional gravity systeas. (SBP)
iCC# j 1.000269 (
,OTHOBt Puaaley, B.B.
lPFXL : Colorado Departaent of Health, Denver, CO
IXTLS < Individual Onsite Bastewater Systea Haaageaeat in Colorado
lOOBCBx Individual Onsite Wastewater systeas; Proceedings of the Third Bational
Conference; Bational Saaitation Foundation; 1976; pp. 205-209
EkB I 1977
;nt i Genaral state and looal regulations governing on-site wastewater treat-
neat aalts in Colorado are discussed briefly. BequireBents for dosiga
and installation of on-site scheaes and the perait prooedare are sua-
aarlzed. (SBP)
:OB : Inn krbor Science Publishers, Inc.
P.O. Box 1425
Inn krbor, BI 48106
kCC* t	L000270
iOTHOBi	Porto, D.D.
lPPIL i	EC08, inc., ailston. Ha
?ITLS i	Bhat's in the Future for Coapostlng Toilets
lOOBCEt	Cospost Sciences, 18 (4) t 16
EkB I	1977
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56
mi t
nxf :
001
ICC* 1
aoriot:
imi «
TITII 1
S00ICI:
rut i
tixt i
T1ZT s It otktIh of rcspou* to ragolatory and political Issues regarding th«
acceptance of coaposting toilets and on-site *ait*»at»r	Iden-
tifies the iMi for continued research, battar inforaation diaseaination
and technical training prograaa. (SIP)
aCC# J 1000271
MtBOVS lostf L*V«	.
Mil i California eovernor'a office of appropriate Technology, sacraeeato, c»
ntll : Validating On a it* Treataant in California
SOUBC1: Individual onaita lastewater Syataaa; Proceedings of the Pourtn aation-
al Conference; lational sanitation Foundation; 1977; pp. 79-83
1978
General overview of California1a afforta to nake on-eite tr«ati«nt^a
riabla alternative to tha ceatralized collection and treataant or doa-
astic wastewater. Tka rola of tie governor's office of appropriate
technology ia deacribed. (SIP)
inn arbor Science Pab 11 altera, inc.
P.O. Box 1425
ann arbor, II *8106
1000272
Saito, J.j Pugii, S.
Iltssbishi Rayon Inginearing Co.* LTD., Tokyo, Japan
later le-lse by Oltra-Piltration in Individual wilding
Desalination, 23(1,2,3): 183-193
*m	. w- .
Traataant of wastewater by an ultrafiltration unit waa evaluated by a
Japanese-based coapany. The unit waa tubular-type, proceeded by a bar
screen aad a flow equaliser. lesalts show that oltraflitratloneanra
cycle 50 percent of an office building's wastewater without
operator attendance, a polyacrylonitrile aeabraae	to be quite
capable aad filtered out suspended solids, colloids, high aolecuiar
weight organica, bacteria and viruses. Cost estiaates (yen) are in-
cluded. (SIP)
acc* : 1000273
MSTHOti Bealy, l.a.; leak, 1.
iPPIL i Oaiversity of Connecticut, storrs, CT
TITII : Frobleas with ifflueat Seepage Pields
solicit later and Sewage lorks, 121(10): 64-67
WIT t Coaaecticut study determined the losg-ters efflueat
the soil interface and evaluated the hydraalic
grouad at proposed seepage field sites. Sesults indicate that a succes-
sfal seepage field aust have sufficient aoll^intarfaca ao tha 'cceptance
rate does not exceed three gpd/cublc feet apdelghtgpd/cttblctaatfor
day aad clean sand, respectively. The groand
auat have enough hydraulic conductivity to absorb affluent faater than
it is released. This depends on peraeabillty, the ground water table,
aad any laperseable boundaries that say exist.	?f evalu-
ating a site's perseability are discussed. Detailed test results aad
descriptions are not given, only referenced. (SIP)
ICC* : 100027*
aiTIOI: love, S.
tvrn t i/a
TXCU : ha Idea In lead of Bethinking: the Plash Toilet
SOOICIt Salthsonian, 6(2): 61-66
mi : 1975
TUT i leviev of alternatives to flush toilets, including freese toilets,
aethana recovery toilets, divas aultrua, and nuaerous innovative
aethods. The average locth haerlcaa faally usss 35,200 gal/yr of water
for toilet fluahlng. ivea If water is available ia abundance, the
growing scarcity of sMtgy resouroes seeded to support centralised
water treatsent facilities Bay lapose llaits on the flush toilet. (SIP)
IOC* : 1AM27S
aOTKIl Iw, I.T.
iPPXl i later lesearch centre, Stevenage laboratory, Sldar lay, Stevenage,
	 lertfordshlre, ingland
TXT1S : Sewage Treatnent for saall coaaunities
S0VICI: Baviroaaeatal Conservation, 1(2): 145-152
mi : 197*
TRT : the problens that arise in user-operated saall vaetevater facilities
are discussed, and the range of treataant aethoda auitable for varloua
regolresents are deacribed in thin paper. The waste traataant facllitiea
discussed are septic tanks, aerobic lagoons, activated sludge treataant,
and several types of biological filters. Tertiary treataent by the Banka
clarifier fitted to hins teak, grass plot, and traataant lagoon is
described. The uss of these systess in Britain is eaphaalsed. (Sip)
kCC« : 1000276
aiTIOI: liddleton, i.i.
aPPXl : corps of ingineers, St. louis District, Design Branch, St. Louia, HO
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57
TIT LB t Irpandlng lut< later irNtiut Coaaidaratioaa at Corp* of Enginaar*
Becreation trail
SOOBCB: later Resources Bulletin, 9(tji 155-159
Till i 1973
TBZT : The nany changes la the wastewater traataant reguireaents at St. Louis
District Corps of Engineers projects over tha past few yaara tra dis-
cussed. Bxtended aaratlon plant, followed by filtration, is tie process
used is aost of tba areas. Tha traataant plant operators have becoae
key aeabers of the project operation teaa. I discussion of tha Dis-
trict's operator training progran is presented along with the operator's
job requirenents. Through a Spring inspection of all treataent plants
in the District, a aechaniss has been provided for encouraging feedback
to the design engineer froa the operator. (ftO)
ftCC* : L000277
ftUTIOBt Laak, B. j Bsaly, *.ft.; Bardisty, D.I.
irTIL t Oaiversity of Connecticut, Storrs, CT
TITLB t Bational Basis for Septic Tank Systea Design
SOOBCSt Around later, 12(6)> 3*8-352
TBftl s 197«
TBZT : Design of septic tank aad subsurface seepage systeas includes three
requisites: sound hydraulics, higher loading rates for leaching fields,
and preservation of groundwater quality. A aatheaatical relationship to
predict the required site of a leaching field is presented with its
paraseters. Beans to achieve reduced pollation potential are proposed.
(SWF)
ftCC* t L000278
ftQTBOBt Popkin, B.l.i Bandixen, T.«.
imt t U.S. Public Bealth Service, Indian Bospltal, tual, M
riTLB : Feasibllty of Zaproved Subsurface Disposal
SOOBCB: ftSCB Journal of the Sanitary Bngineering Division, 9*(St2): 271-281
TBftR : 1968
TBZT : ft nodified design for septic tank-soil absorptioa systeas, based on
iateraittent dosing of septic tank effluent, is suggested in this paper.
The design is based on soil evaluation aad is independent of hoae site.
The values calculated for the aodified systea are tabulated and coapared
with those found in "Banual of Septic Taafc Practice". The comparisons
show the eodifled systeas to require less area aad to be cost-effective.
The expected life of the proposed systeas is purported to be longer
thaa that for conventional designs. (SIF)
ICC* t L000279
ftOTBOB: tiaaie, T.F.
IFTIL : Town of Haasfield, ftsslstant Bealth Officer, Bansfield, CT
TZTLB j Feasibility of Iaproved Subsurface Disposal (Discussion)
SOOBCB: ftSCB Journal of the Sanitary Bngineering Division, 9« ft Prototype Ozonation Baste Treataent Systea for the O.S. ftray
SOOBCBt International Syaposioa oa Oione for later aad Bastewater Treataent,
Firat Proceedinga, pp. 183-093
mi t 1975
mi > fta osoaatlon waste treataeat systea consistiag of aa aerobic digeater,
ozonator, aad filter was tested by the O.S. ftray1s Sanitary Sciences
Division. Besults indicate BOD redaction of over 80 perceat, a TOC
reduction of 70 percent, aad a 93 percent reduction of suspended solids
when all three units are utilised. Ozonation alone is responsible for
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58
roof»l« of 33 par cent BOO, 12 perceat IOC, 9 percent Hipndii colli*.
Potential applications, perfornance, and probleas associated with tha
oxoae systea ara detailed. (s«f)
KW » International Ozona Institute
Utttkuy, CT
LCC» > 1000282
WTBOI: liaaeberger, J.H.T.
lFFIL i B/A
tXTlB t sanitary surveys ana survival curves of Saptlc Tank Systeas
lOOBCBt Journal of Bnvironaeatal Health, 30 CI)s 36-39
mi t 1975
W* i A 'nrrinl curve" is prasantad as a cost coaparison aethod for cobbubI-
ty savors vs. continued saptic tank practices. The survival carva is
coaputed fron surveys of failad saptic systeas by noting if tka systan
failad and, if so, skat year after it was installed. I California case
stady is cited, instructions for coaputiag a survival carve ara pro-
vided. (SIP)
ICC* j 1000283
LOT BOB] Spies, K.B.
IFFll t Oregon Dept. of Bnvironaental Qaality, land Quality Division
WU j *ky ve Beed Alternative Oa-Slte systeas
lOOBCBt Ooapost science, 17(4)> 25
TOB j 197$
«*t t Oregon is searcking for alteraative on-site aevage systeas beeaase
agricultural land ia ao loager allowed to be developed for koaaing or
ooaaercial aitea. also, ia aaay locations natural barriers ara unfavor-
able to septic tank systeas. carrsatly, only five alteraativea kave been
peraittedi evapotraaspiratioa, aoand disposal beds, latereltteat saad
filters, evapotraaapiratioa-absorption, aad coapoatiag toilets. Aa
experieeatal prograa has bees set ap to stady aad collect data froa
field installations of aev aad differsat types of sevage treataeat and
disposal for the hoaeovaer. (SB?)
kCCt i 1000264
kBTBOBl 1/1
Wll j Vaivarsity of laskiagtoa, Seattle, M
IOU t & Stady of Bigkvay Best Area lastsvater Diapoaal
lOOBCBt Pablic Works, 103(12)i 70-7*
(BAB i 1972
niT t Preaeat kighvay rest area disposal systeas sere evalaated with apecial
attention givea to operational probleas. Bost probless vers fooad to ba
eitker design related or eguipaent aalfaactiona. Available vaate aaaage-
aeat aetkod* vers also evalaatsd, inclading koldiag taaks, stabilisation
posts vitk spray irrigatioa, and rscirculatiag ckeaical toileta.
Beceaaeadationa pertaiaiag to tke operation of road aide reat area vaate
aanagesent systeas are givea by tke aatkors. (swrf
IOC* I 1090285
IBTBOBi litt, B.) Siegrist, B.| Boy Is, B.C.
WTO t Vaivarsity of Biscoasia, Badisoa, BZ
n*lB i Baral Boaaekold Vaatavatar Ckaractoristics
SOOBCBt Proseediags of tke Batioaal Boae Sevage Diapoaal syapoaiaat 197*; ASAB
Publication Proc-T75j pp. 79-88
mi s 1975
Wt t Describes tke results froa aoaitocing sater use aad vaatevater guality
ia 11 rural koaaskolds. fables reveal fregaency aad gaality of vater
ooaaaaed/faaily/eveat, asaa vaatevater coatribation by event ag/cap/day,
tactetiological ckaracteristies/event aad also iacludss a coaparison of
tkis data vitk other vater usage studiss. 8raphe depict daily aad veekly
floe pattesas. (SBP)
i Aaericaa Society of Agsicaltaral Bngiaeera
2950 Biles Boad
St. Jossph, BX *9085
ACC# | 100028C
ABTBOBt Bill son, S.B.} Beed, S.A.; Bevaaa, J.O.
mil j OSDA Agricultural Bessarck service, Oniveraity of Barylaad, college
Park, id
*1*11 x Kw Cost Baral Sevage Systea
SOOBCBt Prosaediags of tke Batioaal boss Ssvage Disposal syaposiaai 197«j isit
Publication Proc-175; pp. 231-237
mi « 1975
i Aa alteraative, lov cost central collection ayatea vaa designed for
th« 31-kose Srady B. Taylor Sabdivisioe ia »t. Aadrev, Alabaaa. Znter-
taaks vitk tvo cospartseats aad clarifier tabes ara assd for
lifustfing the vasts. Saall diasetsr pvc pipes traaaport the vaate to
a oae-tkird acts lagoon aad to as avaporatioa poad. ceatrifagal pnapa
are used ia sevea hoses vkere tke gravity flov of tke vaatevater ia
iaadeguate. (SBP)
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59
COB t Aeericaa Society of ifrleiltutl HaliMra
2950 Biles Bond
St. Joseph, II *9085
ICC* t LOO0287
lOTBOBt «ittf I.L.
irril t Borth Dakota state liiTwiitT, rarfo, 10
mil » Iintyfin Tears with the lodak lasts Disposal Systss
SOOBCBt Procssdiags of ths Bational Boss Sewage Disposal Syaposiaat 1971) A5AE
Pablicatioa Proc-175j pp. 168-17*
Till i 1975
TBXT < Ths Bodak Basts Disposal Systss coasists of a ssptle task, paapiag
ohaabsr and a raissd bad of saad aad gravel for ths disposal field. It
is ased where soil coaditioas are aot adeqaate for a coaveatioaal soil
absorption systsa. Experience with the systss is described; dlagrans
shoving construction details are iaclvded. criteria for a lagooa as a
rsplaceaent for the drainage field is also given. (8IF)
COB t Aasrlcan society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Boad
St. Jossph, IX *9085
ICC* i 1000288
AOTBOBt Bright, J.B.
iffXI < Xnvironaental Xaprovesent Ageacy, Tasagas, BB
TITLE < Batar Quality and Solid Baste Probleas in Baral Bev Mexico aad Sose
Solations
SOOBCBt Proosedings of the Baral Bavironnental Bagineering Conference on Bater
Pollution control la Low Density Areass 1975) Paper *17| pp. 217-225
TUB t 1975
till t Specific probleas and solatioas associated with eater sapply, sewage
disposal, and solid wastes la Bew lexioo are discussed in this present-
atioa to the Baral Baviroaeaatal Bagineering Coaferesce. tack of aa
adeqaate regalatory process is cited as a sain obstacle to progress.
(SBP)
COB > Oaivsrsity Press of Ben England
lanover, BB 03755
ACC# t L000289
A09BOBS B/l
AFFIl : Bational Sanitation Poaadation, Ann arbor, IX
TITLE : Bational saaitatloa Foundation Proposed Standard Bo. 80 for Xadividaal
Aerobic Bastsvatsr Treataeat plants
SOOBCBt Bational Sanitntion Poaadation
TBAB I 1978
MXT t Presents ths Bational sanitation Foundation's (BSF) propossd revisions
to its standard Bo. 80 on iadividaal aerobic vastswater trsatseat
plants. Changss include the addition of the BSF's policies rslatiag to
ths ass of ths BSP ssal, Inspections and associated reports, tsst and
test rsports, and on-slts inspection sad ssrvics records. I tsst proto-
col for siaulating stressss oa systess is also iacladsd. (SBF)
COB i Bational sanitation Foundation
BSP Building
inn Arbor, BX *8105
ACC# t L000290
AOTBOBt Lawrence, C.B.
AFFIL t Oniversity of Oklahosa Health Services Center
TXTLB i Septic Tnnk Perforsnnee
SOOBCBt Joaraal of Bnvironnentnl Bealth, 36(3): 226-228
TUB t 1973
TBXT J Septic tank perforsaacs say bs Halted to physical trsatasat when a
curreat design is assd. Study shows that chsalcal aad biocheaical trsat-
sent levels are often lower than generally expected froa previous si-
perlence. Two hoasshold ssptic taaks operatiag ander field conditions
wsrs saapled four tiaes per day. The only treatasat attribatsd to ths
taaks was a redactioa ia ssttlsabls solids aad saspsadsd solids. Author
saggeats use of salti-coapartasat taaks to sahaacs biological dscoaposi-
tioa, incraass lifs spaa of ths satire systss asS saxisizs ssttliag.
(SBF)
ACC* t L000291 •
AOTBOBt Aaerican Society of Civil Bngineers
AFFXL t Assrican society of Civil lagineers. Be* Tork
TXTLX i Bilvaakee Stady Area
SOOBCBt BTXS Beport Bo. PB-186 003, 99 pages
COST t BC $6.00/BF 83.00
TBAB t 1968
TBXT t Part of aa ovsrall ressarch stady bslng condactad by the Aaerican
Society of Civil Bngineers (ASCI) to dsteraiae the feasibility of
ssparatlng conbinsd sevsraga by using n systsa of pressare coadaits to
convey sanitary sewage froa iadividaal stractares to aa existing inter-
ceptor. Xncladea a detailed description of plasbiag changes rsgalrsd
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60
to separata sanitary wastes fron roof drains, and the work required
to install a grinder-storaga-punp unit in aacb building capable of
discharging conainuted sawaga to a pressure collection systen located
in the public right-of-way. i cost estisate of two alternative pressure
sever layouts has been aade and coapared to the cost ote^ccoaplishing
in-house separation and area collection of wastes by the Conventional
gravity sewer systea. (IT)
COI : ms
ICC* : 1000292 *
I0THOI: laerican Society of Civil Engineers
ITFIL : laerican society of civil Engineers, lev York
TITLE : Beport on Pressure Sewerage Systes. Suaaer street Separation Study Irea
Boston, Hassachusetts
SOOICBi ITIS Beport lo. PB-186 000, 86 pages
COST : IC S6.00/HF S3.00
mi ; 1968
TOT : Result of a study of the 50-acre Saaaer Street Separation Stady Area
of Boston, Hassachvsetts. The aain objective of this report is to
evaluate and ccapare the conventional gravity separation aethod (the
construction of a new gravity sanitary sewerage systea) and pressure
aethods (the construction of new pressure sanitary sewerage systeas
consisting of puaping facilities and force Bains). Based upon estiaatee
of present and future sanitary sewage flows, the Project Staff prepared
three sewer systea designs. The following engineering investigations
were also conducted: a stady of revisions necessary on a typical build-
ing to ln-house pluabing for separation of store water and sanitary
sewage both for gravity and pressare separation of stora water and
sanitary sewage both for gravity and pressure separation and Including
a description of the physical probleas involved and coastraction cost
estiaates for these revisions: a review of the layouts for the systea
of pressare separation of the entire stady area prepared by the Project
ataff and the preparation of construction cost estlaates for the
systeas. The concept of hanging pressure sanitary conduits within
exiatlng coabined sewers alao has beea evaluated. (IT)
COI t ms
*CC# t L000293 •
BOTBOBi Bailey, J.B.; Benoit, B.J. | Dodson, J.I.J Bobb, J.H,; lallaan, H.
IFFZI t Seneral Dynaaics Corporation, flrotoa, CT
TITll t I Study of Plow Baductlon and Treataeat of Baste later froa Households
SOUBCB: ITIS Beport lo. PB-197 599/451, ®PO Stock Bo. 167.13/8-llOSOfKB,
168 pages
COST t BC 88.00/BF S3.00
mi t 1969
TUT t The literature on hoasehold water quantity and quality regulreaenta
was reviewed, an average water use pattern postulated, and the aaount
of water atfed in various household functloas was eatiaated. coaparlsons
of different water saving devices were aade on a cost basis, later
gaallty is considered froa three points of viewt health, aesthetics,
and engineering auitability. laste disposal probleas of hoaes not
connected to central sewerage systeas ware discussed. Septic tanks,
chaage of phase processes, aeabrane processes, electrolytic processes,
and other processes were evaluated, aalnly on a coat basis. Host of the
aethods considered do not appear to be suitable for Individual houae-
holda at this tiae, but with changes la econonic factors and technical
laproveaents, aoae of them aethods aay be attractive fer fature use. 1
survey of hoaeowners, architects-englaeera, plaabers and plaablag eqaip-
aeat aaaafacturera ms coadacted to obtain representative reactions to
aethods used to control water gaallty and quantity and wastewater
«*MtMat processes. (IT)
CO| i ms
ICC* t 1000298 *
IDTBOB> Beaaeartaer, b.j.j Baiters, c. r.
OTU t Irctic Health lasearch Center, lachorage, II
TITll s Treataeat of Ondilated ffaaaa laste by the letivated sludge Process
SOOBCBl BTI8 Beport lo. &D-605 257, 2 pagea
COST i BC $8.00
TUB t 1968
TtXT t 1 laboratory activated sludge systea was operated to coafirs field
investigations which indicated that a 823 gallon recirculating activated
aludge systea could adequately treat the aadilated haaaa wastes froa
ten aen for at least six aoaths aad provide aa efflaeat acceptable for
use as a flushing fluid. In addition, the level aad the effects of high
pH on odor production waa observed, aad the ieportanee of pH control
b«twe*a six and aeven was daaoastrated. The estiaated water saviags for
toilet Clashing was estiaated at greater than 90 percent. (IT!
COB s BTXS
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61
ICC* t 1000295 *
hOTBOBt Bartizan, T.I.j Thoaas, I.E.; BcBahaa, 1.1.; Coultar, J.B
ftPFIL t Bobart I. Taft sanitary Bnginaariag Cantar, Cincinnati, OH
TIT1B : Bffact of Food Waata flrindars on Saptic Tank systaaa. Baport to the
Padaral Boosing idainistratlon
SOOBCBt litis Baport Bo. PB-229 563/2, 119 pagaa
COST I BC S9.00/BP *3.00
TB1B t 1961
TBXT t Tha objactlvaa of this atudy hava baan thraafoldt dataraination of tha
affact of ground food wastas on tha ratas of accuaolation of acua and
sludga, dataraination of tha affact of ground food waataa on tha rata
of failura of soil absorption systaas, and dataraination of tha affact
of groand waataa on tha "starting" of digostion in tha aaptic tank. (RT)
COB : BTX3
*CC# X L000296 *
lOTBOBt Bandizan, T.t.; Thoaas, B.B.; Coaltar, J.B.
IFFZL i Bobart 1. Taft sanitary Bnginaariag Cantar, Cincinnati, OB
TZTLB : Baport of a Study Sponsorad by tha Padaral Boosing idainiatration to
Dawalop Practical Dasign Critaria for Saapaga Pita as a Bathod for
Diaposal of Saptic Tank Bffluant
SOOBCBt BTZS Baport Bo. PB-216 931, 252 pagas
COST t BC S15.00/BF <3.00
YBAB l 1963
TBXT t Tha stody is davotad antiraly to tha problan of introdocing saptic tank
affloant into tha soil. Tha raport datarainas ondar what conditions
saapaga pits ara a satisfactory aaans of disposing of saptic tank
affloant at individual housaholds, daviaas practical tasts for jadging
tha suitability of soils for saapaga pits, and idsntifias dasign, coa-
stroction, and adainistrativa control practicaa dasirabla for good pit
parforaanca. (BT)
COB t BTXS
ICC# i L000297 •
lOTBOBt Bandizan, T.v.j Baibal, S.B.
IFPIL i Bnvironnantal Baalth Cantar, Cincinnati, OB
TXTLB t Study on Saptic Tanka and Saptic Tank Disposal Systann
SOOBCBt BTZS Baport Bo. PB-216 760, 2« pagas
COST t BC ft.00/BF S3.00
TB1B t 1951
TBXT t Saptic tank dasign, installation, and naintananea, and tha soil absorp-
tion systaas tharaof, ara discossad in tha raport. (BT)
COB t BTZS
ICC* t L000298 *
lOTBOBt Bandizan, T.B.j Thonas, B.B.; Cooltar, J.B., Sr.
IFFZL t Bobart l. Taft sanitary Bnginaariag cantar, Cincinnati, OB
TITLE t Davalop practical Dasign Ctitaria for Saapaga Pita aa a Bathod for
Disposal of Saptic Tank Bffluant
SOUBCBI BTZS Baport Bo. PC-180 506, 254 pagas
COST I BC S10.75/BP 13.00
TB1B t 1963
TBXT t This stody, to dawalop practical dasign critaria for aaapaga pita, la
ona of a sarias of sinilar stadias which incloda a thorough awalaation
of aoll absorption systans in actual oaa. savaral thousand faniliaa in
widaspraad sactioas of tha country suppliad infornation and paraittad
tha azanination of systaas at thalr individual honas. (BT)
COB t BTXS
ICC* t LOO0299 •
lOTBOBt Bannatt, B.B.j Linatadt, K.D.
1FPXL t Colorado stata onivarslty, port Collins, CO
TXTLB : individual Boaa vastawatar Charactarisation and Traataant
SOOBCBt BTZS Baport Bo. FC-245 259/7SI, 1M pagas
COST t BC 17.25/BP S3.00
TUB t 1975
TBXT i Disposal of wastawatar froa isolatad hoaas in nountain and rural loca-
tions in Colorado prasanta unlgua aad difficult problaaa. Tha purposa
of tha study was to avaluata tha flow and pollution pattaraa froa
indiwidaal honas and to avalaata axlatiag andnotaatial traataant
aathods. Piald avaluatloa off hoa* eeeteentet now aad pollational
charactaristics was aocoaplishad. Data Cor individual fiztaraa aad
appliancas wara obtalnad with aaasaraaaat of aany pollatioaal para-
aatara. 1 briaf avaluatloa of tha hoaa traataant aathoda was accoa-
plishad. (BT)
COB t BTXS
ICC* I L000300 •
lOTBOBt Banaatt, I.B.i Llnstadt, E.D.j Palton, J.
&PPZL t Onivaralty of Colorado, Dapt. of Ciwil I Bnvirosaantal Bnginaariag,
Bouldar, CO
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62
TITLE ;
SOOBCB:
COST s
mi
TEXT j
COI
ICC# :
AOTBOB:
iTTIl s
TITLE j
SOOBCB*
COST :
TBI :
TEXT :
COI :
ACC# ;
AOTBOB:
mn :
TITLE j
SOOBCB:
COST s
TEA I s
TEXT :
COI j
ICC* t
AOTBOBt
irrn s
title >
SOOBCB:
COST t
mi »
TEXT :
COB
coaparison of Septic Tank and iarobic Treatment Onits.
Wastewater Variations on These Systeaa
BTIS Beport Buaber PB-2«0 186/7ST, 31 P«g«®
BC $•.50/BP $3.00
¦atar aea patterns for individual hoaea	aarbaaeDdia-
cluding sinks, shower bath, dishwasher, washing	I ? M 0f a
posal and toilets. Flo* characteristics were	*L°"f°each
aatar nsa chart recorder. Pollution strength ^harac	-d B0D
of the wastewater discharges are also Ptaaented. These incluae^oD,^
COD, SS, BBAS, PO*, and tenperature. IndlTi4ualbo»a "®"	ith
aent alternative of septic tank with leaching fi*"' ".P" . co.t «a
evapotranspiration bed and aerobic ayateaa are evalu
efficiency standpoint. (BT)
BTIS
1000301 *
Bennett, S.B.j Beidnan, J.*.; Kreiaal, 3.P.	««r,icaa. Baahington,
District of Coluabia Departaant of Bnvironaental services, «a»n
Peaaibility of Treating septic Tank Baste by Activated Sludge
BTIS Beport Bo. PB-272 105/8ST, 71 pages
BC S5.25/HP S3.00
This study evaluated the iapact of household "•P^g#t*4$itiOB**aa°
annicipal activated sludge treataaat plants. s*J*a' lod 4n a 7500
evaluated on a continuoui basis over a *o«-aonth period in a ««
1/day (1980 gpd) pilot plant. The ••?*»*• "!~£&g i£«nS to tha
wastewater priaary affluent in a *«riea of inct'a 1¦ « x „Bit receiving
activated sludge unit. Besults were cospared to a	. t#a iB the
priaary affluent only. Shock load studies were . tests, septage
pilot plant syatea and with a -rlaa of batch	.""ion testa,
addition was found to be feasible on	fc.r a continuous or
septage addition was found to be feasibla	uo„ feeding atudies
intaraittent basis. Tha response	characteristics. COD
depended upon the organic 1®*ai?2*2« ~nld be handled without severe
loadings below three g COD/g BLVSViay coold be .#ptage was added,
upset. Onaccliuated ayateaa also reapondad wall vnen^
and substantial organic reaovals ware obtained
short tiae. (BT)
BTIS
L000302 *
Balloy, L.	«ttt Denver. CO
Environmental Protection kganey.Bagioo"^' Baatawatar Traataant
Beport on the Plant Evaluation at Old raitaru*
Plant - Yellovatone Bational Park	Twnnai 1» naoea
BTIS Beport Bo. PB-277 7«3/1ST (EP»/90fl/3"77/00»), n pagaa
BC S4.00/HP S3.00
The Batibal Park service has recently coatrnctadt****^^®*" To*enaur«
water tteataent facilities at the	. tfc superintendent of
that thair new facilities perfora as	the EPA to
tha Tellowatona Bational Park requested assistance rroa weera z
train park personnel in process control Procedures ana to provioe per
foraance evaluations of£JJJeJtion-dtnitrificatior, process
«*Ue"n JSItSSrSciUty. Tha report deacribas tha recoaaandetiona
aada to iaprova the process. (BT)
BTXS
L000303 *
Environaental°Irotection Agency, tag ion	Tr.,*..nf
Beport on the Plant Evaluation at Pishing Bridge Baatawatar Traataant
Plant, Tellowatona Bational Park	u 	
BTIS Beport Bo. PB-278 177/1ST (EPA/908.3-77/005), 3» pagaa
HC t«.SO/IP S3.00
The Bational Park sarvice haa recently constructed several new waate-
water traataant facilities at tha tellowstone Bational Park. To enaure
that thair new facilitiea perfora as expected, the superintendent of
Tellowstone Bational Park raguaatad assistance froa the EM to train
park personnel in process control procedures, and to provide per-
foraance evaluations of treataent facilities for the activated sludge
and secondary traataant process. Specific technical assistance was
regit eated for tha nitrification-danitrification facility located at
Fishing Bridge. Two waaka of troubleshooting on-site technical
assistance waa conducted and is described la the report. (BT)
BTXS
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63
ICC# : L000304 *
1OTBOB: Boogay, B.i.; Crawford, T.I.
IFFIL i Departaent of the Bavy, Washington, D.C.
TITLE : Systea for Transporting Wastewater by Vacoaa
SOOBCB: MIS Baport Buaber ID-DOOtt 377/8ST
COST : BC S4.00/BF S3.00
TBIB : 1977
TBXT : in apparatus is provided for re-forsing wastewater slugs in a vacuus
transport disposal ayataa. The apparatus coaprisas a containar inter-
posad into tha vastavatar transport tubs of ths disposal systea and
having a singla inlat and two outlats. Ths singla inlat cosprisas a
siapla opaning and is locatsd nsar tha top of ona and of tha containar.
it tha opposita and of ths containar, ona of tha outlats is locatsd naar
tha botton and coaprisas a sispla opaning while tha othar outlat is
locatsd naar tha top and coaprisas a ball-float valve. (IT)
COB : BTXS
ICC* t L000305 *
10THOB: Bowen, B.B.; Baveas, J. 6.
IFFIL : laerican society of Civil Engineers, Bew lork
TITLB : Pinal Baport to tha Issrican Sociaty of Civil Bnginaars on Task 7 and
Task 9
SOOBCB: BTIS Baport Busbar PB-185 992, 59 pagss
COST : BC S5.25/BF $3.00
TBIB i 1967
TBXT : Ths schass undar invsstigation includss tha convayanca of aewage froa
spacial grindsr - storags - pusp units in individual hoass by aaans of
prsssura tubing. In turn, ths prsssura tubing fros sach hoaa would dis-
charga into a public prsssura conduit. For larga buildings, standard
cosainutor - storags - paap assaablias would discharga through rigid
pipa into a pressurised public conduit. Ths systas would bs kapt undar
positiva prsssura at all tisas. (BT)
COB : BTIS
ICC* : L000306 *
lOTBOB: Brown, B.J.
AFFIX. : Bational Tachnical laforsation Sarvica, Springfield, *1
TITLB t Saptic Tank and Bousshold Sawaga Systass Daaign and oss (Citations fros
ths BTIS Data Bass)
SOOBCB: BTXS Baport Busbar PS-78/0509/6ST, 13* pagss
COST : BC S28.00/BF S3.00
TBIB : 1978
TBXT : Ths bibliography of Federally-funded rasaarch prasants abstracts on tha
design and regulations for ssptic tanks, as wsll aa non-septic treataent
systass. subjects includsd are soil propsrties, water pollution, re-
gulations, and planning for ssptic systeas. (This updated bibliography
contains 128 abstracts.) (BT)
COB : BTXS
ICC* : L000307 a
IDTBOB: Brown, B.J.
IFFIL : Bational Technical laforsation Sarvica, Springfield, »l
TITLB : Septic Tank and Bousshold Sswage Systeas Design and Oss (Citations froa
the Engineering Index Data Bass)
SOOBCB: BTIS Bsport Busbar PS-78/0510/MT, 157 pages
COST : BC S28.00/BF S3.00
TBIB : 1978
TBXT : The bibliography provides worldwide research reports on septic tanks and
othsr sswage traatssnt units ussd for housshold sewage systeas. con-
struction aaterials, dssign, ssrvice life, and a cosparison of systsas
are described. The suitability of soils for drainage and adsorption to
prsvent pollution of ground water fron bacteria and viruses are dis-
cusssd. Purification processss and ths snvironsental constraints of
disposal systeaa are included. (This updated bibliography contains 150
abstracts.) (BT)
COB : BTIS
ICC* : L000308 *
IDTBOB: Carlile, B.I. j Stewart, L.«.; Sobssy, B.D.
IFFIL : Borth Carolina state onivsrsity, Dept. of Soil Sciences, Baleigh, BC
TITLB : status of Ilternative Systeas for Septic Bastes Disposal in Borth Caro-
lina
SOOBCB: BTIS Baport Busber PS-272 817/8ST (B.C. State Onivsrsity's Bsport Bus-
ber 0BC-S6B-108), 18 pages
COST : BC SH.00
TBIB : 1977
TBXT : Dys studies indicate that ssptic tank systsss in the study area contri-
bute significant contaaination to nearby shsllfish harvesting waters via
surface and subsurface flow, surface ponding of septic tank effluent
during periods of rainfall constitutes a potential health hazard through
possibls dirsct contact with thass wastes, continusd dependence on con-
ventional septic tank systsss for area waste treataent will result in
-------
64
further degradation of area water resources. Studies such as these and
fros evidence of vast acres of shellfish waters closed, provide convinc-
ing evidence that the 'carrying capcity' or use potential of land sites
have already been exceeded in aany coastal areas of the state. If
septic tanks are indiscriminately installed in the area, then a reason-
able estisate is that approxiaately 90 percent will not function prop-
erly and will fail to sone degree within the first year's use. (IT)
CO* s ms
ICC* : L000309 *
iUTHOH: Chan, H.L.; Edwards, J.; Boberts, B.; Stedinger, B.; Wilson, L.
Ami - Energy Besources Conpany, Inc., Caabridge, Bassactiusetts
TITLE : Household later Conservation and Wastewater Plow Seduction
SOOBCE: ms Beport luaber PB-265 578-5ST, 168 pages
COST s BC 88.00/BP 13.00
TEiB : 1976
TEXT : The report studies the legal and economic aspects of devices and poli-
cies to reduce water and wastewater flows. The report examines building
and plumbing codes fros selected areas to see whether or not they pro-
vide constraints on the introduction of water-saving devices and con-
siders state laws to see whether they permit pricing scheaes which en-
courage conservation, k computer model is developed, using water de-
mand functions and cost functions from the literature, to determine the
benefits to consumers and producers of various pricing systems.
Through use of a second computer model, benefits are calculated for
various replacement strategies in the adoption of water-saving devices,
(ft
COB : BTI3
hOC« i 1000310 *
iOTBOBt Chan, B.1.j Bdwards, J.t Boberts, I.; Stedinger, B. j Wilson, I.
1PPX1 : Energy Besources Conpany, inc., Cambridge, II
TITLE i Wastewater plow Beduction Stady
SOQBCE: BTIS Beport Buaber PB-257 636/1ST, 227 pages
COST s BC S9.50/BP $3.00
1MB j 1975
TEXT j the study Investigates the cost-effectiveness of water-saving options
contributing to the reduction of wastewater flows fros households. The
water-saving options analysed Include household water-conserving de-
vices, metering and pricimg schemes, as well as local ordinances and
national policies. (BT)
COB : BTIS
ICC* I L000311 *
10TI0B: Clark, B.D.
iPPIL t Pacific Borthwest later laboratory, corvallis, OB
TXT1I t Bvaluation of Extended aeration Treatment at Becreation hreas
SOOBCBi ITIS Beport Bumber PB-208 *36 (Pacific Borthwest Water Laboratory's Be-
port lumbar PB-8) (Working Paper 68), 9* pages
COST t BC 86.00/IP S3.00
MM i 1970	, ,
TEXT s The objectives were to define basic waste characteristics from recrea-
tion areas, evaluate existing treatment processes, and to develop a
guide for the planning and design of wastewater treatment facilities at
recreation areas. The two viator recreation areas included Timberline
Lodge on Ht. Hood, approximately 50 miles east of Portland, Oregon, and
Crystal Bountain ski irea near it. Bainier lational Park, approximately
50 miles east of Tacoaa, lashiagton. She two summer areas included Sun-
set Bay State Park, also on the Oregon coast, approximately five miles
north of tendon. The problems of designing these systems are dlscusied.
Such factors as variations in pfl and flow present design difficulties.
(«t|
CM t Itis
»CC# I IQ00312 *
IDTBOBt Clark, B.D.
*wn t Pacific Borthwest later laboratory, corvallis, OB
TOM i Basic Waste Characteristics at linter Becreatioa kreas
SOQBCEt ITIS Beport lumber PB-208 837 (Pacific lorthwest later laboratory's Be-
port lusber PB-7), 88 pages
COS* t BC •6.00/1* $3.00
TUB t 1969
TEXT t Findings are summarised of surveys at three wiater sports areas to det-
ermine basic wastewater characteristics and recommend criteria for use
in the design of treatment facilities. The three sites selected were
Crystal Bountain Ski Area near It. Bainier Batioaal Park, Iashington;
tisberltte lodge on It. Rood, Portland, Oregoni aad Bachelor Butte Ski
hrea, Oregon. The quantity of various wastewater paraneters discharged
la a linear function of number of fall-time employees, aad either or
both total visitors and overnight guests depending on the facilities,
this relationship was verified by multiple linear regression analysis
techniques, statistically significant but highly variable relations
-------
65
were davalopad for cos, BOD-5, auapaadea bo119a, total Kjelflahl nitro-
gen and total phoaphatM. Methods for estimating design organic loading
and daaign aolida loading war* developed. (HT)
COR ] RTIS
1CC8 : L000313 *
AUTHOR* Clark, B.D.; Dostal, I.A.
AFFIX i pacific lorthwaat watar Laboratory, Corvallis, OB
TITLE i Evaluation of luti Traataant System cheaawa Indian School
SOURCE: ITXS Report Ruaber pb-208-435 (Pacific Rorthwest Watar Laboratory's Re-
port Rusber FR-6) ,63 pages
COST i HC 85. 25/HF S3.00
TBAB l 1966
TBXT < The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) operates a nine south school for 900-
1,000 Indians at Cheaava, approxiaately two ailes north of Sales,
Oregon. The waste treatsent plant for the school is unique in this
area, consisting of a facultative sechanically aerated lagoon followed
by a two-acre polishing pond and chlorination. I sampling progras was
established to detersine raw waste load and characteristics! solids and
BOD reaoval in aerated lagoons; sludge accusulation in aerated lagoons;
¦PI level in aerated lagoons; adequacy of aerator for sizing and oxygen-
ation; effect of polishing pond on BOO, DO, HP! and SS; effect of chlor-
ination on BOD, DO, RPR, and SS; and operation and maintenance costs and
requirements. (>T)
COI t ITXS
ICC* t
ACTBOBI
AFFIL t
TITLE i
SOOBCZi
COST 1
TEAR i
TSXT J
COI
L000314 *
Coastal Plains Regional Coaaission, lashingtou, D.C.
coastal Plains Begional Coaaission, laahlngton, D.C.
Harlne Besources Facility, Dare County, forth Carolina
ITXS Beport luaber BIS-IC-73-0155-D, 23 pages
HC 84.00
1973
The project involves construction of a larine Resource Facility which
will include a single building of 32,000 square feet, a septic tank
drain field sewage systea, and parking areas for approximately 206 ears,
on a 25 acre site, sussary of environaental iapacts and adverse
environmental effects. (IT)
ITXS
ACM i L000315 •
AUTHOR! Coulter, J.B.
AFFIL I Bobart A. Taft sanitary Bagineering Center, Cincinnati, OR
TITLE > Suburban sewerage Systens
SOURCE! RTXS Report luaber PB-216 *89, 18 pages
COST ! HC 84.00/HF <3.00
TBAB I 1957
TBXT t There are four coauon solutions to the problems of suburban sewage dis-
posal. Although there is no general agreement on the acceptability of
all of these methods, listed in order of usual preference tkey aret con-
nection to an existing publicly financed sewerage system, construction
of a privately financed couuunity sewerage systea, construction of a
treatsent systea for each house with •on-lot1 disposal of the effluent
in, soil and provision for an individual treatment systea for each house
with discharge of effluent to stors drainage. (R!)
COR ! RTXS
ACC8 I L000316 •
AUTHOR! coulter, J.B.
AFFXL ; Robert A. Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, Cincinnati, OR
TITLE t Sewage Disposal Systems Applicable to Subdivisions
SOURCE; RTXS Report Ruaber PR-217 475, 12 pages
COST t HC t«.00/HP 83.00
TBAB 1 1957
TEXT t subjects discussed included! individual household systems, coamunity
systens, lagoons, and the anaerobic contact process. (RT)
COR ! RTXS
ACC4 i L0Q0317 *
AUTHOR: coulter, J.B.
AFFIL I Robert a. Taft sanitary Rnginaering Center, Cindaaatl, oi
TITLE ! Septic Tank Design Economic Factors Involved
SOOBCBi RTXS Report Runber PB-217 276, 30 pages
COST i HC 84.00/HF 83.00
TBAB ! 1955
TEXT i In light of present knowledge, tkere is no single best design for a
septic tank. Acceptable performance can be obtained with a wide range
of freedom in design. The report reviews the current design status.(RT)
COR i RTIS
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66
ftcc* :
10TB0B
ippil
TITLE
SOOBCE
COST
TUB
TEXT
COM :
ICC*
IOTBOB
IFFIL
TITLE
SOOBCE
COST
mi
TEXT
COB ;
1CC« :
10TB0B:
ippil :
TITLE :
SOOBCE:
COST ;
TEAB :
TEXT :
COB :
ICC* t
lOTBOBt
IPPIL :
TITLE t
SOOBCE:
COST :
TUB :
TEXT j
COI
*CC#
L000318 *
Coulter, J.B.
Environaental Health Centar, Cincinnati, OH
Septic Tanks and Disposal Fields
BTIS Report Buaber PB-215 199, 27 pages
HC S4.50/HF $3.00
The report describes results obtained ftoa	gar-
ascertain the effects certain additives - «'septic tanks,
bage, detergent., water softeners - have on residential septi
(»T)
¦TIS
L000319 *
Coulter, J.B.; Kopp, J.F.s Thieaann, !>•*•
Environaental Health center, Cincinnati, OH	Toilet Bastes
Investigation of a Proposed Becirculation systes for Toilet
BTIS Beport Buaber PB-216 101, 20 pages
BC 14.00/HP S3.00
Two trials of a proposed systea for the	"^^ctional^nlta: •
aade. The systea investigated consisted of ***	Ih# bydraalical-
grlnder-tjpe toilet, a receiving tank and a snail	tU toilet,
ly driven grinder was located below the bowl in	contents through
The puap, operating continuously, f*cif"1**lnder and the liquid to
the toilet, furnishing power to drive thegrind ton»t boal »*re
flush the toilet, solid particle.	«*und and carried in
flushed into the grinder where they were nj*lj ' receiving tank on
the liquid by gravity flow fro. the;toilet to the	T)
BTIS
L000322 *
10TBOB: Daneker, J.B.; Fraxel, B.B.
IFFIL : laerican society of Civil Engineers, Bew York
Control Techniques for Pressurised Sewerage Systeas
l«Tfl		••	AA" '¦** 4-4		
TITLI
SOOBCE: BTIS Beport Buaber PB-186 007 (TB-11), 31 pages
COST : BC 14.50/HP $3.00
TEIB : 1968
-------
67
TEXT t Tli* ASCB Coabined Sever Separation Project relates to feasibility
studies of hypothetical pressure sewerage systeas. This technical aea-
orandua is one of the reference background inputs for the three systen
studies under Task 4 covering pressure control for pressurised sewerage
systess. (IT)
COW : RIl
ACC# : 1000323 *
AOTHOB: Drobny, B.L.
AFFIL t Bavil Civil Engineering Lab, Port Hueneae, CA
TITLE : Survey of Antarctic water supply and waste Disposal Facilities, Prac-
tices, and Problems
SOOBCB: MIS Beport Wuaber AD-617 533 (TW-H-708), 2 pages
COST J HC $4.00
TBAR : 1965
TEXT : Low tesperature conditions initiate physical, biological and chesical
changes in the environment, significant probleas exist in the design,
construction and operation of facilities for the distribution of water
and for the collection, treatment, and disposal of waste, A survey of
water supply and waste disposal probleas at existing United States sta-
tions in the Antarctic is presented. Problem areas are identified, and
potential research and developaent efforts are suggested. (WT)
cow : WTXS
ACC# ] L000324 *
AUTHOR: East Tennessee Developaent District, Knoxville, TW
AFFIL : East Tennessee Developaent District, Knoxville, TW
TITLE : Water and Wastewater Plan, Anderson, Blount, and Knox Counties, Tennes-
see. Toluae II. Wastewater collection and Treatment
SOOBCBJ WTIS Beport Wuaber PB-212 738 (East Tennessee Developaent District's
Report wuaber BT-SA-18-2-72), 171 pages
COST t HC $12.50/HP S3.00
TEAB > 1972
TBXT j A report on the planning of collection and treataent facilities to aeet
the wastewater needs in the Knoxville, Tennessee, SBSA through 1990. At
the present tine, wastewater service is available principally within
aunicipal Units, in the sore densely inhabited areas of certain utility
districts, and to a few reaota Industrial sites, General inventories
of all existing wastewater systems are presented. Bany areas served by
septic tank installations have soils unsuitable for proper septic tank
operation. Forecasts indicate that additional collection and treataent
facilities will be required. Integrated wastewater systeas are devel-
oped for each county in two stages through 1990. Priorities for provid-
ing the recommended improvements are established, with consideration
being given to timing and financing of the recommended improvements.(WT)
OB i WTIS
CC# t L000325 *
OTHOB: Environmental Protection Agency, Surveillance and Analysis Division,
Athens, 6A
FFIL : Environaental Protection Agency, Surveillance and Analyis Division,
Athens, GA
ITLE t waste Source and water Quality Studies, Surf city. Worth Carolina and
vicinity
OORCEi WTIS Beport Wuaber PB-264 974/7ST, 175 pages
OST : HC S8.00/BF S3.00
BAB : 1976
EXT : Water quality investigations were conducted in the vicinity of Surf
City, Worth Carolina to deteraine the background water quality, sources
of bacterial contaaination of shellfish-growing waters and to evaluate
the iapact of septic tank systeas on surface and grouadwater quality.
Study results revealed that septic tank systeas degrade the quality of
the shallow groundwater and contribute significant bacterial contamina-
tion to shellfish-growing waters via surface runoff. Surface ponding of
septic tank leachates during periods of rainfall constitutes a sanitary
nuisance and a potential health haxard. (WT)
0W : WTIS
CC# : L000326 *
OTHOB: O.S. Environaental Protection Agency, water Qualtiy and Won-Point Source
Control Division, Washington, D.C.
FFIL : O.S. Bnvironaental Protection Agency, Water Quality aad Bon-Point Source
Control Division, Washington, D.C.
ITLE : Groundwater Pollution froa Subsurface Excavations
DORCB: WTIS Beport Wuaber PB-257 323/6ST (BPA/430/9-73-012), 240 pages
OST : HC $9.50/BF S3.00
BAB I 1973
BIT : Topic areas cover: source identification and evaluation; control
aethods, processes, and procedures (pollution froa wells, pollution froa
other subsurface excavations, such aa lagoons, basins, pits, septic
systeas, landfills, sewecs, tanks, and pipelines). (BT)
5W : WTIS
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61
IOC# t 1000327 •
tOTBOBt Soldateia, S.l.t lak» T.D.j rovler, B.C.; Fob, S.S.
IPPXl : Bite* Corporation, Hctaan, Tt
imi t k Study of S«l«ct«d Economic and ItTlroMtatil upteti of Individual
Bob* Baatevater Treataent Syateaa
SOOICB: BTXS Baport Buaber PB-209 962 (Bltre Corporation's Baport Buaber B72-
*5), 22* pagea
COST i AC S9.25/BP $3.00
1MB t 1972
TKT t k taTlw of lniiTltul hoaa vast avatar traataant ayataa technology, ea-
phaaiaiag aoil abaorption ayataaa, indicatea current ayataa daaign, in-
atallation, and operational practicaa do not raflact what la knovn about
aevage-eoll intaractiona. A raintrodoction of individual *!»'« taehn®-
letT on a videapread baaia vhare applicable vould raaolt in •"/J;1"** ,
redaction in the total coat of providing traataant to the nev individual
hoaa popolation ia the 1970-1990 period. (IV)
COB t BTXS
kCC« t LOO0328 *
IBTBOBt Ooldatein, S.B.} leak, T.D.
JLPPX1 t litre corporation, BcLean, Ik	.
mil t & latin of On-site Doaeatic savage Treataent procaaaaa and Syatea 11-
teraativea
SOOBCBi IK! Baport Baaber PB-209 956 (Bltre Corporation'^ Baport Bnabar BTP-
368), 24 pagea
COS* j BC S4.00/BP $3.00
TUB » 1972
*M* : Puadaaeatal propertiea of individual houeehold aevage and aevage treat-
aeat procaaaaa, iacladiag biological digeation, are revieaed.
¦«*i»ss *oc individual doaeatic vaatevatar treataent ayataaa are dea-
cribed ia taraa of their treataent capabilitiea aa veil aa their phyai-
	 cal ««d aconoaic characteriatlca. (BT)
COB l BTXS
IOCI t 1000329 *
¦"f?11	»•*•» IcBulty, K.J.} aoldaaith, B.L.t Kleper,	Orant, D.C.
kTTIl j kbcor inc.. Balden leaearch oiviaion, ffllaiagton, Bt
TXTLl i Bvalaation of Beabraae Separation Procaaaaa, carbon idsorption, ana
Ouonation for Treataent of BIST Boapital Baataa
SOOBClt BTXS Baport Baaber ID-1030 057/tST, *56 pagea
COST t BC 114.SO/BP S3.00
TUB t 1976
Till t The objective ia the developaeat of a coapaet, MOO gallon-par-day nit*
treataent ayatea to prooeaa non-eanitary vaatea (ahovar, operating rooa,
kitehea, laboratory, a-ray, aad laaadry) froa the operation of a BOST
iray field hoapital. The ayataa la to be capable of operating in^aithar
of tao aodeat 1) vaate treataent for •reaae• aithln the hoapital coa-
plea, aad 2) •vaate treataent* for diacharge to the eaviroaaeat vita
alaeltaaeoaa 1 vater treataent* i.e., deaalination of brackieh vater ror
aae vithin the hoapital coaplex. The eegaeace of anit proceaaea ael-
aotad for evalaatioa for the «reuse< aode vaai aaate egaaliaation, ultra
filtration, reverae oaaoaia, carbon adaorption, oaonation_aad^chlorina-
tlofte Oft tkt bull of tliii tosta it vii ooftolvAod tkit tho ooloctoa
segaeaoe of aait procaaaaa, carboa adaorption excluded, appeared to be
effective In producing vater of reaae guality vithia the ayataa deaign
eonatralats. (BT)
COB J BTIS
hoc# I 1.000330 •
won Oaarise, t.J-i Baabeaek, l.l.
htm t Cheatcic, Inc., Roaeaoat, It	. _ _
TXTtl t Oevalopaant aad Teat lag of a taatevater Becycler and Beater
SOSlCXt BTXS leport Baaber PB-266 961/2*T, 106 pagea
COST l BC S6.50/BP S3.00
TBI! t 1976
TBXT x The cesalte of thia prograa have deaoeatrated the feeelbility of an
aatoaatic mad aelf-coataiaed appliance that oaa recover aad atore aaable
hot vater froa aaate laaadry vater, aalag essentially the aae* aaoaat of
•Mt» » aa egaivaleat capacity vater heater. It has beea shova that
thia aait can increase the solids coaoeatration of vaatevatar froa
laaa than tao percent to at least 29.1 percent. Booaoaic faaaibllity,
therefore, la not deaoastrabla at present oa a large scale. Boaever,
ahoald vater coat increase or tha cost of the appliaaee decreaae, a
viable deaand for hoaaehold vater recovery aith the appliaaee voald be
possible. (BT)
COB t BTXS
ACC4 I 1000331 •
ASTBOBi Ball, 1.1.
MVXl t Baiversity of Baine, later Beaoareea Beseareh Ceater, Orono, HI
tXCLS i later Quality Degradation by Septic Task Drainage
SOOBCBi BTXS Beport Baaber PB-195 307, 9 pagea
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69
COST i BC St.OO/BP S3.00
mi > 1970
TBXT t phosphorae retention of Heine soils was atndied la the Mass, Plaistad,
and Paxton soil series. Paraeeters investigated incladed pB, teapera-
tare, soil, particle finf Initial soluble phosphorus concentration in
the systea, end tiae of exposure. *11 thraa soils exhibited a signifi-
cant capacity for phosphoras retention, bat this capacity coald be ax-
haneted. Therefore, eztreae car* should ba ased la locating septic tank
dralnfield wastewater disposal ayataas adjacent to lakes or other snr-
faea waters tkat say bs subjected to oalta«al oatropklcatioa. Roreover,
freezing and thawing aay allow pkospkoru* iaitally ratainad in tha soil
to b« aora oasily laachad into sarface watars. (IT)
cos t ins
ICC# I L000332 «
lOTBOBs iaadf T.D.; lllliaas, R.R.
1FFZI, i tray Rngineer Raterways Bxperleent Station, ricksharg, ax
T2T1S : rha tola of sewege Lagoons at corps of engineers lacraatioa Areas
SOVBCBi BTXS Report laaber IB-1047 833/9ST (lray Bngineer«s Report laaber IBS-
¦P-l-77-5), S8 pages
COST t BC S5.25/BF S3.00
YBkB : 1977
TBXT t 1 sarvey was condacted to establish tke geographic diatrlbation, tha
design, perforaance aaccesses aad failares of the aore tkan 200 Corps
recreation area lagooas nationwide. Steps are reooaaended for iaprowiag
lagoon waste treataeat at recreation areas based oa carreat knowledge
aad areas of needed research are identified. (IT)
COS « *TI5
ICC* t 1.000333 *
1UTH0R] Harrisoa, B.A.
1 mi : Rational Technical Zaforaatioa Service, Springfield, v»
TXTLB < septic Tanks. I Bibliography with Abstracts
SOORCBt BTXS Report Basber C0B-73-11712/9 (ITZS-IIl-73-062), 61 pages
COST i BC 820.00/BP S20.00
TUB j 1973
TBXT x the BTZSearoh bibliography contalas 56 selected abstracts of research
reports retrieved asiag the BfZS on-line search systea - BXTSearch. The
abstracts iaclade soil stadias, water pollntion, plaaaiag, aad design of
septic systeas. (IT)
coir t itzs
ICC# t L00033H *
AUTBOBi Bellier, I.I., Jr.| Cadaan, T.I.
APPZL i University of Berylaad, later Besoaroes Rssearch Ceater, college Park,
ID
TZTLB j Transient Analysis of a state Park extended leratioa laetewater facility
SOURClt ITZS Report laaber PB-232 957/1 (Oniversity of Barylaad Beport Baaber
n-2«), 20* pages
COST » BC S9.25/BP S3.00
YBAB J 1973
TBXT t Bxperlneatal data on the traasient operation of the exteaded aeration
wastewater treataent plant at Pennsylvania1s Prince Qallitxla State Park
were collected, aad the systea has been aatbeaatically sodeled. Three
satheaatlcal aodels were developed for the siaalatloa. (IT)
col t ITZS
*CC# i 1000335 *
AUTBORt Jenkins, S.R.t Bols, P.J.
ITT11 t inborn University, Engineering Bxperieent statioa. It
TZTLB t Transpiration aad Bwaporatioa of Sewage Bfflaeat
SOURCEi ITZS Report Baaber PR-278 3B9/2ST, 84 pages
COST t BC 86.00/nr B3.00
TUB l 1976	, ^
TBXT t Treataeat of llgald wastes froa roadside cosfort statioas with relative-
ly aaall, transient efflaeat volaaes oftea involves prohibitive opera-
tion aad aslateaaace costs. Also, existing lagooas aad septic teaks aay
be aaable to aaet new state aad federal restrictions on waste dis-
charges. Therefore, expexineats sec* ooadmeted te develop practice
sero-diecherge prooedaree Cat atUlsttf the oeaf twtir»tlon phend-
eenon te dispose of sewage efflaeat. Tee eepeaete wtwiilMi «•» con-
dacted. za the first experiment, iapervioas evapetraasplxttiea Baits
were coastracted la rectaagalar exeevations. Both raw doeeetic waste
aad settled dosestic waste were peeped iato or sprayed onto the aaits,
and the evapotransplratioa rate was determined through a water balaace.
Za tha secoad experieeat, efflaeat froa a two-stage lagoon was sprayed
oa an area vegetated with grass aad shrabs. Basalts iadicate that the
operatloa of a well-designed, lagoon-fed spray Irrigation systea will be
aa aconosical, eeologicallf-sonad aethod for disposing of lignid wastes
froa roadside rest areas. (BT)
COB t mi
-------
70
ICC* :
ftUTBOlt
kTTTL t
imi »
SOOlCll
COST
mi
nn
CO! j
ICCI t
Ml 1011
IPPIL J
TXT11 t
3001CI:
COST
TUB
T1XT
001 i
*CC# t
lirioit
irm t
TITLE j
SOOICIt
cost t
Tiki t
nn t
COI 1
ICC* t
19*101*
irm »
TXTll t
SOOICIt
COST t
mi t
TUT t
1000336 *
Jmiift, J.L.j rtnktn, D.l.
nittrni Oil Products Coapany, rlaid Systaas Diviaon, San Diago, Cft
lavarsa osaosis Study on HOST lut««tt«r Traataant
1TXS Baport laabac ID-101* 270/3ST, 103 pagas
HC $6.SO/IP S3.00
1975
¦~illation of ravaraa oaaoaia to iaprova tha quality of brackish watar,
to clam up wastawatar to pravant pollution, and to fornish watar for
rausa la discussad. Tha aajor problas la tha raaoral of organic* froa
tha final product aitar. Tha following aathoda wata triad to raaova
organic*: 1) evaluation of a non-callulosic sasbrana with graatar or-
r*j*®tion and vidar pi tolaranca than coiaarcially available
ctllvloN acttat* MibciAM ond«r siivltUd timid coaditlow for th«
555* 'laid hoapital aystai (tha non-eallnloaic aaibrana bain9 tha BS-
100 coatad in tabular aodules having 1/2 inch dlaaatar tubas)j 2) ra-
dicad praaaira ait stripping to raaova tha volatile organics of low
aolecular weight which ara tha laaat rejectad by tha aaabranaa;
3) foaiing of tha wart a which carriaa ont aoaa of tha organics with tha
foaat I) adaorption or absorption or a aathod to tia up tha organic*
¦uch that thay will ba battar rajactad by tha aaabranas and 5) two-
¦taga versus single stage reverse oaaoaia oparation. (IT)
ITXS
100033? *
Jones,	8>F>
Texas Oniwaraity at Dallaa, laatitata for inwironaantal Sciences, *ien-
ardaon, TX
Saptic Tank Diapoaal Syataaa as Phoaphorna sources for Sorfaca Batars
J*1® ¦•port Habar Pl-276 689/7ST, 7« pagaa
¦C S5.25/1P S3.00
1977
* *-yaar groundwater aonitoring atady waa coadactad in tha iiaediate
vicinity of an actlv* saptic tank waatawatar disposal "Tataais_tha
sandy substrata in larnatt Coanty of northwastarn lisconsia to dataralne
tha potantial for this aathod of wastawatar disposal to contributato
excaasira fartilisatlon of surfaca aatars. Tha results of this **,iaT
confira tha conclusions, drawn froi siiilac stidiaa in other	that
phoaphorus froa saptic tank waatawatar disposal sy*t*a effluent is
usually not raadily tranaportad throagh tha groundwater. Therafora,
¦•Ptic tank waatawatar disposal systaas ganarally do not contribute
aignificant aaounta of phosphorus to surfaca watara to contribata to
their excessive fartilisatlon. (IT)
ITXS
CO*
ICC*
1000338 •
Kasianko, B.J.
tsarlets Sociaty of Civil ingiieers, lew lork	1b
Develop and Piald Tast Bathod of Installing Prassura Conduits
biaad Sawara (Task 7)
*TIS Baport Buabar PB-186 005, »5 pagaa
¦C •#.50/1P S3.00
19«»	-	a ,
Tha atady discissad ia this raport concarns tha feasibility and dasign
of 1 hmgar systaa to support sanitary aawaga pressire conduits suspend-
ad in existing walk-through straat sawars. (IT)
ITXS
L000339 •
Kolaga, J.J.: Dewey, i.I.1 cosaasa, l.J.1 laonard, l.L.
Storrs agricultural ixpariaaat station, CT
Traataant and Disposal of lastas Puapad fros Saptic Taaks
ITXS Baport luabar PB-272 656/OST, 170 pagas
¦C S8.00/1P S3.00
1977
Tha «t«dy idantifiad aathoda of traating aad disposing of saptic tank
aludga (saptaga). Biological, chaaical, and physical propartlas of
aaptaga wara deter ui aad and oirvas vara davslopad for dasigning saptaga
tcaatiaat fiailitiaa. Two processes war* taatad for traating and dis-
posing of saptaga. ft banch aad pilot prooasa that radicad BOD-5, COD,
aid ijalftihl aitrogaa by 93 pareant ox aora consisted of anaarobic
dlgaatlon-aaratlon-aand filtratioa. Considaration was given to traating
saptaga in publicly ovnad wastawatar traataant plants with Municipal
wastawatar. Criteria
(Ml
ITXS
for dasirabla racaiwlng facilltias wara developed.
t L0003*0 ~
109101i Kraissl, J.P.
inn t lashington Stata University, Pullaan, 11
flfLK t lista Traatnant for Sull Plows
SOOICIt ITXS laport Buabar PB-219 950/3, 25 pagas
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71
COST S BC 84.00/BF 13.00
Till t 1971
TBXT » Ikt report nntji tto probltn ol vast* traataaat in rural irtii. It
daacribaa various traataaat altaraatlvaa and givaa coat aatiaataa. (IT)
CO! t ITXS
ICC* t 1000341 *
lOTBOBi Olyapic latioaal Poraat, Olyapia, laahington
mil i olyapic latioaal Foraat, Olyapia, it
TXTLB J Laka Qaiaaalt savaga Collactioa and Traataaat Facility
SOOlCBt ITIS laport laabar IIS-H-74-0233-F, 80 pagaa
COSf 1 BC S7.50/BP <3.00
TUt J 1974
TBXT i Tha olyapic latioaal Poraat propoaaa to conatract a aavaga collactioa
and traataaat facility to abata pollatioa aaanatiag froa poraat Sarvica
facilitiaa on tha South Skora of taka Qaiaaalt. Tha aatira projact la
ia Braya Harbor Coaaty, laahington. Tha traataaat plaat aad drainfiald
¦ita propoaad would occapy approxiaataly 5.5 acraa of laad aithia tha
boaadary of tha approziaataly 8,900 acra Soath Qaiaaalt lldga roadlaaa
araa. savironaaatal iapacta ara diacnaaad. (IT)
COB i ITIS
ICC# s L000342 *
kOTBOlt Lackaaa, J.
UTO t Xlliaoia Inatltata for Baviroaaaatal Qaality, Chicago, It
TXTLB i Praaaarisad saaar Collactioa systaaa
SOOlCBt ITIS laport laabar Pf-216 166/9, 41 pagaa
COST % BC 84.50/BP 83.00
TBAI t 1972
TBZT i Baviaa of tha carraat tachaology of praaaariaad aaaar collection syataa
aaiag tha grinder paap. Daaiga critaria ara givea, as aall aa racoaaea-
datloaa for farthar raaaarch aad developaeat. Teatative gaidaliaaa ara
¦at for aaa ia praaaariaad aaaar collection ayataaa. (it)
COB t ITIS
ICC# I L000343 *
kOTBOIt LeOroe, P.O.> Drobny, I.t.
1PFIL i Baval Civil laginaariag lab.. Port laaaaaa, C»
TXTLB i Tiraaaa ia Polar Sanitation, i titaratara leviea
SOOlCBt BTXS laport laabar ID-645 601, 19 pagaa
COST I BC S4.00/BF 13.00
TBI! I 1966
TUT i Tha litaratara aaa reviewed to collact iaforaatioa oa which to baaa aa
aatlaata of tha thraat to tha haalth of polar caap paraoaaal poaad by
vlraaaa is ha aaa aaata. It ia coadadad (1) that tha aacoatrolled aaata
diapoaal practlcaa charactaxiatie of polar caapa aaka thaaa araaa priaa
targata for tha a pre ad of viraa disease, aad (2) that tha axiatiag has-
arda coald ba aignificantly redaced by (a) tha aaa of chaaical toilata,
(b) aaata iaciaaratioa, aad (c) saparchloriaatioa of driakiag aatar
followed by dachloriaatioa prior to coaaaaptioa. (IT)
COI t ITIS
&CC« l 1000344 *
iOTBOU Lent, D.s.	.	. ,
1PFXL t Iray Bobility Bgaipaaat laaaarch and Developaeat Coaaaad, Fort Belvoir,
»
TITLB t Proeaaa Daaiga for Traatiag shoaar lastewatar by Oltrafiltratioa
SOOICIt ITIS laport laabar ID-1043 716/OST, 177 pagaa
COST t BC 19.00/BF *3.00
TBXT ! This raport investigatea aaataaatar traataaat by altrafiltratloa. &
two-part aodal la propoaad whara, iaitially, tha ayataa ia at aaataady
atata canaad by tha foraatioa of tha boaadary layar. Latar, tha syataa
coaas to a ataady atata ahaa tha rata of tha boaadary layar foraatioa
aad dacay raach eoastaat raises. Tha aaataady atata portion ia deserib-
ad by aa exponential agaatioa aad tha ataady atata portloa ia daacribad
by a liaaar agaatioa. Tha aodal aaa evalaated oa tao aaparata altrafil-
tratloa ayataaa aith aach syataa atiliaiag a diffaraat aaabrana coafig-
aratloa. Thasa coafigaratioaa aara tha spiral-aoaad coafigaratiai shiah
fit tha aodal aa atatad aad tha holloa-fiber ooafigaration vhieh fit
aaly tha aaataady atata portion of tha aodal daa to dally reaeval of tha
boaadary layatt. (IT)
COI < ITZS
ICC# 1 L000345 *
iOTBOIt Lotaa, 1.8.	.	__
IPPXL > Oaiveraity of Baiaa, Laad aad latar Baaoarcaa Inatltata, oroao, BB
TXTLB t Saptic Tank Bfflaaat Boveaeat Throagh soil
SOOlCBt ITIS laport laabar PB-261 36S/5ST, 62 pagas
COST X BC 16.00/BF S3.00
mi I 1976
-------
72
TBXT : Tli* rat* and «zt*nt of phosphorus and nitrogen noveaent in aelected
Baina aoila vara atudied and andar continuous and intaraittant loading.
Conditions approximating thosa of saptic tank adsorption fiaXda vara
aiaalated. Saptic tank adsorption fiald ajateaa should have aeveral
treaches and a larg* total length of trench in ordar to ainiaixe the
aoveaent of phosphorus and contaaination of groundwater. (IT)
COB j MIS
ICC* :	10003*6 *
10TB0B:	BacKenxie, T.O.
iPPIL :	Bnvironnental Baalth Cantar, Cincinnati, OB
TXTLB :	Pundaaentala Governing Saptic Tank Dasign and Installation
SOOBCB:	BTXS Beport Buaber PB-217 562, 19 pagaa
COST l	BC H.00/HF S3.00
TUB t	1950
TXZT :	Tha raport dascribas critaria and suggested standards for tha installa-
tion and aaintananca of household savage disposal systeae. (>T)
COB x	BTXS
ICC* : 1.000397 *
J"!?1!	J"l* 1	D.B.; Beadstreaa, B.
TITLB J Laborator**!**"^?^*1?	station, Vickaborg, BX
seal*	* f*lot.plant Evaluation of Intaraittant Loading on Saall-
soom. a??! .f ?fd*d	Biological Syateaa
ra?":	;?";c "-"M
TBXT 1	in*ol»«4 developaent of a aathaaatical aodal to predict tha
a co"P1*t*1T aixed activated aludge ayataa under inter-
i"9 COBditi°BB» dafiaed for this study as tine-dependent
ni-.*??. ? *ad organic loadings. Tha aodal was verified first vith lab-
J Jl froB * k*«ci-»c»l« axtandad aeration *yatea and than ilth
a.*...??. ? ? prototype axtandad aeration package treataaat plant.
davaloping tha atudy included affluent quality, dia-
aoivea oxygen uptake, and othar perforaance indicators ralatad to bio-
t0 int«aittant loading conditions. Basalts in tU' labor-
Ph««a of this study indicate that an axtandad aeratioa activated
1,111 gan*rally parfora satisfactorily andar intaraittant
i conaition«. Biological avalaation indicated that tha aniaal
popaiationa within tha reactor vara chiefly responsible for tha fluctua-
co> btis* th* P*rfor"«nc*	ayataa. (BT)
BCC« l
UIIOIl
inn i
TITIB i
Balveraity of Baine, land and Bater lasources ZBStitata, Orono, Baina
Onivereity of Bain*, land and iatar Besourcas Institute, orono,
Baaaarch Beeda Balating to On-site Treataent of
aary of Borkahop Bald at tha Oaiversity of Baina at orono, hag. 10 11,
1977)
SOOBCBt BTIS Beport Baabar PB-280 989/5ST, 10 pagaa
BC S4.00/BP $3.00
1976
Th* parpos* of th* workshop was to identify	°
to on-sit* sawag* disposal. Principal saggestione aade during and fol-
low ing th* workshop at* euaaarixed. This report doesaoteaaaarlie
stata-of-tha-art inforaation presented at tha vorkshop.but rather out-
Unas araas in which kHwMft should ba expandad. lBtaadad to be^ a
atap toward a coaprah*naiva regional research prograa, tha raport is in
two partst an oatlina of topic area/probleaa/reaearch naads and elabor-
ationa upon principal r*a*arch needs. (BT)
COB i wis
COST
TUB
TBXT
IOC* i
hotbob>
urn i
rau «
8
-------
73
titib t
SOOBCEi
COST 1
urn t
ini t
BC t«.50/HP
1976
COB : BTIS
ICC* t 1000351 *
lOTBOBf BcBrida, B.I.
iPPIl « University of Colorado, Dept. of civil sad Bnvlronaeatnl Engineering,
Boalder, CO
TXT1B < Individaal loa« larobic Bastewater Treatment systeas
SOOBCIi BTIS Baport Baabar PB-226 *78/6, 121 nou
COST I BC I6.50/BF S3.00
YB&B t 1972
TBXT : The use of aerobic systeas is daacribad including anit functions, types
of anits available, and problaaa aad racoaaaadationa for iaproveaant.
larobic anita under experiaental coaditiona vara observed to prodoca a
battar effluent than a aaptle tank. Bovever, tha perforaance as claiaad
by tha nanufacturers, coald ba nlaleatiag to hoseowners. Tha raaalts of
taata ran on tha aaits located ia tha field show that tha aaita ara
aeeting tha aaaefaet*rers standards aboat 20 parcaat of tha tiaa. These
anita average only aboat M paroant redaction la BOD. This is aasaalng
an incoaing BOO of 2S0 ng/liter. In soaa caaaa, tha tasts showed an
inflaaat BOD greater than this. (BT)
COB I BTXS
ICC* : 1000352 *
AOTBOB: Bancy, «.J., Jr.; Borrls, B.K.B.; Stainbrook, s.B.
BPPI1 » Departaant of tha Intarior, »aahingtoa, B.C.
TITLE i Underwater Storage Task
SOOBCBt BTXS Baport Baabar PB-226 99 VB| (MT-1PPI-799 »5«/MTBBT-3 572 506),
12 pages
COST > BTXSt Bot Available* Coaaissionar of Patents: 10.50
TUI t 1969
TBXT t Tha pataat ralataa to a collapsible storaga task aaad for tha teaporary
holding of savaga in an aadarvatar environnent. (BT)
COB t BTXS
ICC* : L000353 *
IDTBOB: BcCarthy, J.J.i Chyrek, B.B.
AFP II : Bray Radical Bioangiaaaring Basaarch and Developaent lab.. Pott Datrick,
BD
TITLE : Evaluation of a Vapor Coapraasion Distillation Onit for Laundry Baste-
vatar Baasa
SOOBCBt BTXS Baport Baabar ID-10*5 765/5ST, *5 pagaa
COST > BC f«.SO/BP S3.00
IEll i 1977
TBXT > A noninal six gallon par hoar vapor eosprassion distillation anit (VCDO)
fabricated by Cheatric, lac., of Bosaaont, Illinois, was avalaatad. Tha
anit was designed to distill wastewater nsiag lass than 300 watt-hours
of energy par gallon of recovered water. The object of tha avalaatloa
•as to aaasara prodact water gnallty and energy ase rates* aad to ami-
tor operation and aainteaanca over an extended ran period. Coaparad to
tap water, product water qaallty froa tha laandry wastewater feed was
lowar la turbidity, total solids, and conductivity, but higher in total
organic carbon and cheaical oxygen denand. Bnergy aae waa very depen-
dent on the operation of the storage tank heater. Bnergy ase rates for
the VCDO were high because of lnteraittant operation of the anit, lack
of adequate operator controls, aad aaiateaaace probleas. aalntenanee
problaaa proved to be a aource of considerable difficulty. operatlM of
the VCDO was teralnated whea foaa froa tha concentrated wastewater began
to carry-over into the prodact water. (BT)
COB i BTXS
ICC* t 1000354 •
AOTBOBi BcCarthy, J.J.; Cowan, B.P.J Chian, B.S.K.; Peteraaa, B.B.
APPll t Aray Bedlcal Bioenglneering Besearch and Developaent lab.. Port Datrick*
BD
TXT1I < Evaluation of an Air Stripping-Osone contactor Systea
SOOBCBj BTXS Baport Baabar AD-A0M 082/7ST, «2 pages
COST I BC S«.SO/BP S3.00
TBI I t 1977
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n
**** * 1	OM-(Urt«r seals Of~oxonm contactor mi evaluated at the 0,3.
hray Bedical Bicengineering lasearch and Develop Bant Laboratory,
the contactor, built bj life Systans, lac., of Cleveland, Ohio, consis-
ted of six ipttjti coluni in series pttctitl by an ox on* icnbbtr oc
precontactor. Bvalnation included defining the fluid ragiae insida^the
colonss, investigating ths effectiveness of pre-stripping, and aonifcor-
ing the oxidation of (elected laboratory wastewater cosponents throjigh-
oat the oxidation procsss a* veil a* aeafaring roc and cor. Bffacts of
oxone concentration and 0* light on the kinetics and aechanisss of ot-
^ ^ wnle carbon oxidation vera explored, (ft)
*CC# t L000355 e
AOTBOli Bcftahaa, i.i.t Bendlxen, t.t.
•v-?i *	*• Tsft Sanitary Engineering Caster, Cincinnati, OH
titlb : Depth of Croond Cover over Shallow lbaorption Systess as an Znflnanca on
,r„.ri. **ptlc Tank soil Perforaanca
sootCH BtXs Baport Bnaber FB-229 833/9, 21 pages
CM* t K M.75/BP $3.00
TUB i 1961
**** 1 J" »¦ effort to deteraina if septic tank absorption systas perforaanca
*s infloenced by the depth of ground cover over the systas, data fron
•36 isdlvldaal septic tank systess have been reviewed. The data encos-
*i»e clissta areas and a variety of soils ranging fron the very
poorly drained Iredells of Rechlenbarg county to the excessively drained
Co* » ms*'1*1* *a8(1* ¦ichigaa. (Bt»
*CC» : 1000356 *
fJJJ!®1' *c»herson, B. B.; Tscker, t.S.) Bobbs, *.*.
Wit j haerlcan society of Civil Bngiassrs, *ev fork
IM1B x Binlava transport fa loci ty tor Pressarixed Sanitary Sewers
SOBBCBi BUS Baport Busbar PB-166 013 (BSC* Bsport Basher t*-71, 25 pagas
OOSt t tc $4.00/BF $3.00
mi % 1967	,	«
T8XT i Besaarch was coedactad on sanitary "»•»• transport velocities. Tne
final raaaarch xeport is cited in the first part of	the first
end sajor part of this aeaorandua is a saaaary intarpertatlon o hat ^
*«port giving general criteria applicable to th*	flov *£2
daits and setting forth tentative findings for open cJ"**1 "®"* 2*
second part of this sesorandns defines the
by tha project staff for tha study of three hypothetical ptsssarlxed
	 sanitary sewerage systess. (KT)
COB t Btls
ICC6 t L000357 *
maOBj BOherson, B.B.	_ .
WH I leerlean Society of Civil Engineers, Be* rork
mil t Innovation: i Cass stadT		...
•OBBCB* BtZS Bsport Baaber PB-232 166/9 (ISC* Baport Basbet TB-21», 66 "pages
»8t j BC $S.2S/B7 $3.00
WB t 1976	,
ra*t » voar arbsn water reaourca cass stadias are	***¦•"* *o*
elucidating cassation lnfsrancas on tha process of technological innova-
tion! San tranclsco sastsr plant Chicago onderflow plant land disposal
of waatewater; and pressare waatewater saver systess. hll font are in-
statces where innovation coscspts havebeen successfully applied, and
thsy «r« all ccnceraed with sstsr gaality natters. Consideration is
given to isdaatrial parallels, the tolas of individuals verses groaps in
JjuoMtea, and certain characteristic* of aoss leading innovative local
govarnaent adainistrators. klso taken into accoant are related sabjects
of technology transfer and poblic technology. (BT)
COB t BUS
hCC* t L00035S *
I tit BOB* Bekosh, G.; Baaos, D.
ItflL j Oenartl siectric co., Be-Bntry and Invironsental Systess Division, nil-
	 adelphia, Pennsylvania
IXtLB j Pressare sever Denoeatration at the Borough of Phoenixville, M
SOOXCX: ms teport Vasbsr PB-224 45d/«, «W> Stock Busbar BP1.23/2:73-2-70. 71
pages
cost : BtIS BC S5.25/BP S3.00» 6PO Paper Copy, $1.00
mi j 1973
r*xt t I site aas selected at the Boroagh of frhoenixville, Pennsylvania, which
profits* a saxlaaa variable exercise of a pressors ssver systas. the
project proved over a aix-aonth period that a aaltlple residence pres-
sure sever systss can adegaately store peak loads of vastsvatar and
grind sad pump vastssatsr through sssll-disaster plastic pip# to the
existing conventional gravity sever, boring the project, data vere
collected vhich provided inforaatioa concerning the installation, opera-
-------
75
tion ud nitt«nuct of the lyatu, it« technical parforaanca, the var-
iations In that perforaanee during the sii-aonth period and tha char-
ictitlitici of tha vaatavater aa (tlltanl to tha existing gravity
sever. (it)
COB > BTXS
»CC# t L000359 *
kOTHOBi Bailor, I.
inn i Cold Bagions Research and Engineering Lab., Banovar, ih
TXTLB > cold Bagions science and Bnglneering Monograph 3, s act ion I2ds utilities
on Pacaanant snovfialda
SOOBCBt WIS Report Buaber ID-699 337, 43 pagea
COST l HC $«. 50/BF $3.00
IM> t 1969
TEXT t Tha topica covered la tha aoaograph include vatar supply, vaata dis-
poaal, heating, ventilating aad firs protaction at lnatallationa built
on polar lea sheets. Tha aactioa on vatar supply diacnaaaa ensrgy re-
guiraaanta, conanaption rates, and aatar quality and treatBent, tech-
niqaes and aqoipsent for salting saov aad lea, and vatar diatribation
systaas. 1 Buaber of actual vatar supply systeas ara daacrlbad In da-
tail. Tha aactioa on vaata disposal daala vith savage aad savage sinks,
latriaaa, garbage, trash aad aerap aad radioactive vaata. Bxaaples of
sanitation systess at polar basas ara daseribad ia soaa datail. (BT)
COI t ITIS
ICC# s L000360 *
AOTBOB: University of Binnaaota, latar Kasoarcas lasaarch Caster, Hinneapolis,
Hinnaaota
kFPlL » University of Binaasota, latar Basourcas lasaarch caatar, fllaaaapolis,
BI
TXT1B i latar pollution toy Butrienta-Soarces, Iffacts aad Cevtrol
309SCXi ITXS laport Busbar PB-1S9 798 (tMC-»ull-13), 83 pages
COST : BC S6.00/BF $3.00
TBkB i 1969
TBXT : Tha Bullatia iacludas tha papars prasaatad at a conference on 'Battiest
Pollution - sources, Iffacts aad Control* held in liaaeapolis, Binna-
aota oa Jan. 8, 1969. Tha papara, all individually abstractad, in-
clude tha folloving titleat Butriaats aad Other Foraa of Pollution,
Diagnosing Pollutioa in Uks Binaetonka, Iffact of Batrophication oa
Pish and Belated or«aaisas, Bealth Aspects, surface aad aroand laters,
kniaal lasts Diaposal Probleaa and Treads in Binaasota, Baaagiag Live-
atock Wastes to Control Pollution, luaoff and Sediaent as Butriant
sourcaa, controlling Butrianta aad orgaaic Toxicants la Kaaoff, Traat-
aaat of Bunicipal Baatas, Septic Taak Bffluaats, later Pollution in la-
ctational Areas - Sourcas aad Control, Sattiag Vatar Quality Staadarda
and Bagulating Butriant Sourcaa, and Xaplaaaatiag Pollution Control.(IT)
COB : BTXS
ICC* t L000361 *
A0TB0B< Bitchell, D.
kFTIL : University of hrkaasaa, Vatar Basourcaa laaearch canter, Fayetteville,
TXTLB j laproving Design critaria for saptic Tank systeaa
SOOBCBt BTXS Baport Buabar P8-262 006/OST (Pub-*2), »7 pages
COST : BC $8. 50/BF S3.00
IB1I j 1976
TBXT t This study detersinad tha biodagradation capacity of various sices and
dapths of vaahad river gravel. Tha raaulta of the laboratory aaalyais
of influent and affluant vastavatar ara diacassad as they relate to the
establishaent of tha aost officiant biodagradation sixe and depth of tha
colaaa. ha absorption fiald vith aa addition of tvalva iachaa of gravel
passing a nuabar * siavs vith a coefficient of uniforaity of 30 and aa
effective sisa of 0 sub 10 of 0.4 aicroaeters, voald provide COO raaoval
of 90 percent or abova at ainiaua dosaga rates calculatad according to
Bullatia Bo. 9 by the Arkansaa State Dapartaent of Bealth. (BT)
COB t ITXS
kCC# t 1000362 •
AOTBOBt Bilaa, B.	.
inn j tfnifrarsity of Califoraia, Vatar Basourcas Caatar, Davis, Ck
TXTLB t Beaideatial later coaaarvation
SOOBCBt BTXS Baport Baabar PB-253 253/9ST, <71 pages
COST i BC S18.50/BF 83.00
TBXT t k non-technical raport is prssaatad for hoaaovaars, buildsrs, develop-
ers, architects, plaanars, utility cospany sanagers, plaabiagvare aanu-
factarera, and lavaakars vho ara seeking says to radace raaidantial
vatar ooasusptloa. 1 •typical1 raaidantial coasuaptlon profile is
praaantad, along vith a brief history of hov vatar haa ban assd in tha
hose. Poar typas of constraints suet be satisfisd before any Innovation
la vatar conaarvatlon can be iaplaaentad: econoaic, Institutional,
soclocultural aad tachaological. Tha iapact of aach of thasa factors
-------
76
COB
is diacnaaad. Over four dozan coaaarcially available davicaa which
affact watar ccnauaption in tha hoaa ara avaluatad. In an attaapt to
diacovar futura trnlt, a aurvay waa nada of tha ralavant aaroapaca
technology, including Apollo and Skylab ayataaa, aa vail aa tha ayataas
lastallad in ccaaarcial jat aircraft, traina, and ahipa. Bacant patant
applications »ara diacovarad. Four acanarioa ara laid oat to shov tha
hoaaownar different atratagiaa for reducing water conaaaption. (IT)
: ITZS
IOC# :
AUTBOB:
irrn »
TXT1I :
SOOBCBs
COST l
Till J
nzT t
COW :
ACC# *
imaoit
inn x
mn t
SO0ICX!
COST t
mi x
tin i
coi
1000363 *
¦ational Cantar for Urban and Industrial Health, Cincinnati, Ohio
Bational cantar for orban and Industrial Health, Cincinnati, OH
¦anaal of Septic-Tank practica
BTXS Baport Buaber PB-216 240, 101 pagea
BC I7.S0/BF $3.00
1967
Coatantat aaptic tank - aoil abaorption ayataaa for private residences;
aaptic tank - aoil abaorption ayataaa for inatitntaa, racraational araaa
and othar aatabliahaanta. (IT)
BZZS
100036* *
¦ational Park Service, Soathwest Begion, Santa Fa, Bew Bexlco
Bational Park Service, Southwest Bagion, Santa Fa, BB
Boada and otilitiaa. Billow Craak Bacraation Sita, Baron Beservolr,
Baa Bexlco
BTXS Baport Bnabar IXS-BB-73-0622-F, 75 paaaa
BC 16.25/HP S3.00
1973
Tha raport daacribaa tha propoaal to construct roads, parking araas,
underground otilitiaa, a coafort atation and sewage lagoon at Billow
Craak Bacraation sita. Bio Arriba County, Baa Baxico. A ainor aaonnt of
nataral vegetation will ba daatroyad by tha construction. Tha proposal
will incraasa visitation, which, la tarn, will have an affact on tha
aconoay of tha araa. (BT)
ITXS
SOOBCBt
COST t
mi t
TUT X
ACC# : 1000365 *	_ .
AOTBOBi Bational Park Service, Southwest Bagion, Santa Fa„ law Baxico
AFP XI j Bational Park Sarvica, Soathwest Bagion, Santa Fa, BB
TXT1S x pollution Abateaent Projact. carlabad Carverna Baltonal far*,
Baxico
BTZS Baport Bnabar BXS-BB-73-0054-F, 3« pagas
BC M. 90/IP S3.00
1973
Tha Bational park Sarvica propoaaa to canatrnct a new	J
ayataa for tha principal Cavarna Baa Araa of Carlabad Caverna Bational
lark, Bav Baxico. Tha naw ayataa will nan a
aawar ayataa} additional aawar Una will extend	J®®*
rataation vaata traataant lagoona. Tha aajor
will ba banaflclal, in that it vill anhanca both tha nataral and aocial
anvironnant of tha park thsoagh tha eliainnion of	.
odor aad pollntion problaas. Advaraa iapacts	cannot
ara tha avaporation of 8,000,000 gallona of	par yaar and tha des-
trnction of vegetation at localised aitas. (IT)
BTZS
1000366 •
¦ational laral later Aaaociatioa, Bashlngton, 0.c.
Bational. laral latar Association, Baahington, B.C.
laral latar and Saaar Systaas problaas, laads, xssaes, oppMtnaitiea,
aadooalat A laport on tha Proceedinga of	Organixational
Conference of tha latioaal laral latar Association (1st) laid is
oklahoaa City, oklahoaa, oa April 15 aad 16, 1976
ITXl Baport Bnabar *1-271 9I6/5ST, »7 pagea
BC M.SVir *3.00
W6	, , .
Thia raport daacribaa aad briafly dafinaa tha principal problaas, iseaea
opportunities aad goala which have a aigmificant iapact upon tha atabl-
lity aad growth of raral watar and aawar aysteas throughout this conn-
try. Tha aoarca for thia aatarial la tha sariaa of coafaranca sasslons
hsld by rapraaaatativaa of sight stata laral Batar Aaaociationa at tha
orgaaiaational aaating in oklnhoaa City. Tha procaadinga vara hanvily
oriented toward watar anpply systaas. (IT)
COI I ITXS
ACC# I 1000367 •
AlKIOli lalton, J.B.i Silvar, 1.1.1 Orahnn, J.T.
AFFH « Raval civil Inginearlag laboratory, fort laaaaaa, ca
TXT11 * A Flotation Bathod far tha Traataant and clarification of Tnllow Soap-
la aad laundry taata latar
solicit WIS laport Inabar AD-499 551/OST, 15 pagaa
COB
ACC# I
AOTIOl|
A FPU X
mtt i
solicit
COST t
TBAB t
TBXT >
-------
77
COST I BC S*.00/BP *3.00
TUB t 1957
TRT i Tha aathod of clarification is baaad on tka foraatioa of alaainaa hydro-
rid a floe which, oa coagulating, aatrapa tha vaata aatarial in tha
vatar. Tha floe la aubsaqaaatly aaparatad fcoa tka aala bod; of vatar
by a flotation procaaa and la fiaally raaovad by a aaehanical alndga
akiaaar. (BT)
COI > btzs
acca t 1000368 *
anion Baviroaaaatal Protactioa kgancy, lagioa it, Atlanta, 81
WFIL i Bnylronaantal Prot action agaacy, Itfloi IT, Itlanta, «|
TXTll t Ocaan oatfalla and Othar Rathoda of Yraatad fastavatar Dlapoaal la
Soathaaat Florida, Transcript of Procaadiaga Bald la laka forth, Florida
January 21, 1973, liaai Baach, Florida, Janaary 26, 1973, Fort Laudar-
dala, Florida, Janaary 27, 1973
SOOBCBt ItlS Baport lo. 81i-Fl-73-0*91-P-1, 7*5 pagaa
COSY » BC M0.00/BF S3.00
TUI t 1973
TBXT t in axaalnation of tha iapact oa aaa aad hia anvironaaat of traatad
vaatavatar dicpoaal aathoda ia Soathaaat Florida. Tha stady araa la
dafiaad aa Pala Baach, Broaard, aad Dad* coaatiaa, aad thair contiguous
lalaad and coaatal vatars. Bacaaaa Moral la* ragairaa that aaooadary
traataant vith filainfaction ba provided for all vaatavatar Aiachargaa,
tha raport looks at tka iapaet tfarloaa vaatavatar disposal aatkoda vill
kava. Tka aatkoda ooaaidarad ara: diseharga to tha oeaaa via o«aaa
oatfalls, diacharga to frask aatar oaaala aad to astaariaa aatars,
lajaction into tka akallov aad daap groaadvatar avaifara, discharge
into tka avargladaa, aad laad diapoaal by irrigatioa, a pray raaoff, aad
percolation. Xa addition, tka aavlroaaaatal iapaet of oaatlaaed aaptic
tank disposal aad «ao action", ia tha saaaa of ao 1earovaBeat la aatkods
of dispoaal ovar carraat practicaa, ara praaaatad. Tha statasaat takas
into eoaaidoratioa aaataaatar floss projected by looal, state, and
fadaral aganciaa aa thay ralata to axiating or propoaad faeilltlas. (BT)
COB » VTIS
acc# » 1000369 •
kVTBOBt Bacaabia-Santa Boaa lagloaal Planning Coaacil, Panaacola, fi
1FPZ1 i Bscaabia-Saata Boaa Bagioaal Planaiag Coaacil, psaaaeola, PL
TRIB : Betropolitaa panaacola Fir* laar Savar Plan
SOOftCBt ITZS Baport Bo. PB-200 132 (BSBBPC-71-0*1, 223 pagee
COST 1 BC S9.2S/BP S3.00
TUB t 1971
TBXT t Tka raport develops a aastar plan for sevaraga baaad oa ratioaal
planning aad pollatioa coatrol critaria. critical alaasats of tka aaatar
plaa ara racoaaandad for constraetion as aa iasadiata five-year prograa.
Iaplaaantation coata an aatiaatad to ba S36.2 aillioa for Saata Bosa
Coanty. To ractify past akort-coaiaga of fragaantad ayataaa in tka arban
araaa, a aingla urban utility ia racoaaandad. Zaplaaaatatiea guidelines
relative to organisation, adainiatration, and financing ara sat forth.
Zsolated ladividual ayataaa ara racosaaadad for oatlyiag developed
araaa. (BT)
COB t ITZS
ICC* J 1000370 •
aOTBOB: Farrall, b.f.
aVFXl t aaarican,Sociaty of civil Bagiaaara, Bav lotk
TZT1B t advanced Developaaat of Boaaakold Paap-Storaga-erindar Onit (Taak 6)
SOOBCBi BTZS Xaport lo. PB-106 00*, 81 pagas
COST I BC.BJ.ftO/BF 83.00
TUB i 1948
TSXT t la part of tka BSCS Projact oa saparatioa of Coablaad Severe, a con-
tractor fcaa developed aad conatractad tha flrat prototypa of a Paap-
Storaga-Orindar (PSfl) aait aaitabla for iatallatioa in iadivldaal hoaaa.
Tha faactioas of griadiag, paapiag aad bacfcfloa preveatloa ara provided
la an integral aaaaably ahieh can ba lovered lato placa oa a fleld-
lastallad staal or coaorata taak. fat)
COB t BTZS
ICC* t 1000371 •
I0TB0Bi Farrall, i.p.
aPFSl t aaarican sociaty of Civil Bagiaaara* Bav fork
TXTll t loag-Tara oparation of Baatavatar Obaarvatioa statloaa (Task 2)
SOOBCIt BTZS Baport Bo. PB-183 99*, 53 pagaa
COST t BC 8S.23/BP 83.00
TUB t 1968
TSXT t Tha raport eoataiaa data and aaaaary of observations obtalnad by
ooatiaalag oparatloa of two oaetea-bailt vaatavatar obaervatiea statloaa
loeatad at prlvata rasidaacas la loaievllle, Kea tacky. Za tkaaa stations
all vaatavatar originating la tha koaaa vaa groand aad paapad aadar
pressure tkroagk dO-foot leagtha of aaall diaaatar PTC tabiag. (BT)
cob t BTZS
-------
78
iCCt : L000372 *
*SSL
anil j Foster-Hiller laaociatea, inc., Balthaa, Hi
TITIB t Ktlliiurj s«ilft of a Household |«(in Grinder
SOOBCSi BTIS leport Bo. PB-256 503/KSt, 1*« page*
COS* i BC S7.25/BF 13.00
IU1 t 1973
TUT : I preliainary deaign for a single-faaily household refuae grinder vac
developed during tfcli progrua as part of an overall. study to evaluate
the technical feasibility of transporting ground kotnhoU refuse
through existing severe. Tha grindar radacaa aoat of tha coaponanta of
household rafuaa Into a slurry foraad vith tha non-fecal coaponent of
household vater and transports it through tha housa sever lataral to
saver whara it is aixed with tha rast of tha vater. Tha systes requires
a aodificatiou in household pluabing and a storaga tank to ssparata and
ator* tha aon-fecal coaponsnt of vaatevater. (BT)
cos i btxs
hoc* t L000373 *
iotbobi Ford, s.b.
hWIl * Un Tuellities tag. Support Igency, Bessarch ( Tach. 01*»> Fort
Belvoir, u
n*l* t Feaaiblllty of secycling Laundry sastevaters at military Quartaraastar
laundries
SODRCli miliport Bo. *0-1038 705/OS T (8S1FHSI-BT-2016), •« pagas
COST I «C SV.50/BF $3.00
7UI I 1P77
TWT : It acoaoaic analysis of racycling iray iastallation laundry yastevuter
Is dstailsd. Oaaga, costs* dasigns, coaparisoas, and assaaptions ars
presented in datail. (BT)
COS : BTIS	'
iCCf t
imaoit
arrn t
TITLB l
SOOBCBi
COST >
TUB i
TBZT t
COB i
hCC* I
lOTBOBt
hPPtl i
TXT11 I
SOOBCZt
COST
TUB
TBXT
COB
t
100037a *
Fraaciugues, B.B., Jr.} araen, i.J., Jr.	. .HS
irsy Bnginaar Batervays Bxperiaent Station, *^"Cor'; of Bnginaars
Tatar Osage and Ustnittr characterisation at a corp» »
Becreation lrea	„ .. naoes
BUS Bsport Bo. 10-1021 58V8ST (BBS-W-I-76- V»
HC IH.50/MF S3.00
Ths 0.3. Arsy Bnginaar Batarvays Bxperisent	i'tion^n^aatar
a fisld aoaitoring study to collsct ¦®m®i**Li2lMtions. Tha objective
usaga, vaatavatar production, andvaatacharactw	Oiatricts in
of this affort vas to develop guidance that vili	tt
optiaising tha Assign and opsration of racraation arsa vaswva* r
aaaagaaant systsss. (BT)
BTIS
1.000375 *
Triad, C.| Bassburg, B.j Butlar, S.	Division, Bashington.
Bational Buraau of Standards# Tsehnical hsalyai
A Sarvay of tha sanitary Conditions of	^"tandards Baport
BTXS Baport Bo. COB-7»-10%7»/6 (Bational Buraau or stanoaru «epor*
Bo. B8SB-73~2«8), 84 pagas
HC S6.00/HF S3.00
tha3Coss«ait! Health Service (CBS| of	«Msibilit^of' oro-
Mucation, and Bslfare has baan assigaad tha w.ponvibiUty of pro
M»!Su.u!tr'»'>SI>t»W»t WSilU'S «««.«
ragions of tha onited Statas. & dascription of tha findioga of tha
survey is provided iu bath tabular and
tha limitations in tha procedures uaad in	-1* *lso
includad, and changes aca suggaatad vhich could ba iacorporated into
futura survsys. (BT)
BTIS
ICCt t
lUTBOB:
inn t
TXTl* X
SOOBCBi
COST I
TBAB t
TBXT I
L000376 *
Tadaral Batar pollution Control ldainistration, Bashington, 0.C.
Federal Batar pollution Control Administration, Bashington, D.C.
h Priser on Baatavatar Traatsant
BTIS Bsport Bo. PB-215 846, «P0 Stock Bo. BP2.2tB28/2, 27 pagas
BTXfft BC SB.50) WO Pa par Copyi SO.55
1973
Tha aathods uaad nov and procaasas being davalopad for the futura to
treat sssicipal vastes ass explained. This includes topics ast
secondary treatment; lagoons and septic tanks; coagulation-sadisanta-
tionj adsorption; electrodialysisi blending of treated vatar; cheaical
-------
79
oxidation} polyaers and pollution} and coaaon savage traataant tara-
iaology. (IT)
cob t ins
ICC* I L000377 *
AOTBOBs Padaral later Quality kdainistration, Bashlngton, d.c.
WI1 t Padaral «atar Quality ldainiatrition, Washington, D.c.
TITIB > Savage Traataant racilitiaa for Padaral installations
SOOtCI: ITIS Beport Bo. PB-215 9<17, 256 pages
COS* I BC 115.00/BF S3.00
YBAB t 1970
TBXT J & training prograa is offered to supervisors, engineers, and other
federal paraonnal raaponaibla for design, construction, or aanagasant
of savage disposal facilitiss at fsdaral installations. The coarsa
iacladss vasts traataant sstkods wkick ars applicable to fadaral in-
stallations such as Bational Parks, Forest Service caaps, saall
ailitary installations, hospitals, sckools and prisons. (BY)
COB l BTIS
*CC« t 1000378 *
iniOlt Ooldatein, S.B.} Beak, T.D.} Fowler, B.C.} Poh, 3.S.
IFFII t Bitre corporation, Bdeaa, U
TITIB t l Study of selected Bconoaic and InviroBaental Aspects of Individual
Bone Bastevater Traataant Systeaa
SOOBCBt BTZS Beport Bo. PB-218 0«7/9 (Bitre Corporation's Beport Bo. 872-95),
263 pages
COST t BC S10.75/BF 13.00
1MB < 1972
TBXT t Evaluates the potential effectiveness of Individual hoae waste treataent
systeas and estiaates the cost isplicatioas of increased see of systess.
k raviev of previous research into septic tuk aystea failures is
suaaarised. Bconoaic factors vkick caa govera the ckoice between in-
dividual and collective systess are reviewed. The results of several
econoaic analyses of the probles are discussed. 1 Bitre-developed
econonic aodel is used to generate both the tise streea and the total
preaent value of future costs of sewage treataent on a aational basis
for projected new individual hoses, consideration is gives to individual
and central systeas. (BT)
COB l BUS
ICC# t 1000379 *
tOTBOBt Bendricks, O.F.j Bees, S.B.
IfFIL < SIBCO, inc., Colusbes, IB
TITLB : Bconoaical Besidential Pressure Sever Systes with Bo Bffluaet
SOOBCBt BTIS Beport BO. PB-249 195/9ST, 76 pages
1 BC S6.00/BF S3.00
t 1975
t In econoaical pressure sewer systea with no polluting effluent was
designed, constructed, and sonitored for effectiveness. The treataent
process, aerobic and anaerobic lagoon storage with sabseguent irrigation
of the effluent, yielded no sore than noraal voluso of runoff. Opera-
tional probleas with tke pressure systes resulted fros inefficient
hose grlnder-punp units. These problees were greatly reduced when
coanercially sanufactured hoaa units becaae available. The treataent
process functioned as anticipated. (BT)
< BTIS
t 1000380 *
in?BOBS Bobbs, B.F.
IFFIX. I Aaerican Society of civil engineers, Bew Tork
TIT1B i lelationship of Sewage Characteristics to Carrying Velocity for Pressure
sewers
SOOBCBt BUS Report Bo. PB-185 991 (ISCB Report Bo. B-2598), 102 pages
COST t BC S6.50/BF S3.00
TBIB t 1969
TUT t Binisua carrying velocities for solid phase setter in ssooth plastic
two inch, three inch, four inch, sir inch, and eight inch pressure pipes
at aero slope have been studied for coasinuted and uncoasinuted raw
sewage. Data froa the coapreheasive testing of the three inch preaawce
pipe indicated that the siaisas velocity far soeariaf aad the ainisua
velocity where depositing takee place vera essentially tke saae. Tke
velocities appeared to be lndepeadeat of tke ooacoatratloa, aad sise
distribution of suspended natter aad "sand". Rewever, tke velocities
appaated to be dependent upon the sise distribution of fixed solids, or
sore likely the "sand," that aceuaulated oa the bottos of the pipe and
was the sost difficult to seour and the first to deposit. (BT)
COB t BTIS
ICC* t 1000381 *
tOTBORs lawton Betropolitan Area Plaaaing cosaissioa, OB
AFPI1 i lawton Betropolitan Irea Flanalag coaalssioa, OB
COST
YBftB
TBXT
COB
1CC«
-------
80
TXTLB t comprehensive Long-Bangs Sewerage Plan for the Lawton aetropolitan
trm
SOOBCB: MIS Beport Bo. PB-184 656, 90 page*
COST : HC 16.00/HF S3.00
YB1B : 1969
TBXT : content*: Lawton savaraga collection (fitn; Miagt flow* and (Hijt
quality; wastes; existing savage traataant facilities: deficiencies;
corrective aeasures; and future needs; town and coaaunity sewerage
systeas; individual sewage disposal traits; Port sill aewage traataant
facilitia*. (IT)
COB : BTZS
ICC* : L000382 *
kOTHOi: Florida Department of coutoitf Affairs, TachDical Assistance Division,
Tallahassee
1FFIL t Florida Departaent of Coaannity iffairs. Technical Assistance Division,
Tallahassee
TITLE t Lake County Florida, sanitary wastewater Treataent and Disposal as
Belated to Developsent
SOOBCB: BTIS Beport Bo. PB-207 102, 1*8 pages
COST i BC S7.25/BF $3.00
TS1B I 1971
TBXT t The study «as conducted in Lake County, Florida, for the parpose of
relating the existing technical data concerning soil, water and develop-
ment characteristics to sanitary wastewater treataent and disposal. It
is intended, fron evaluation of this information, to determine those
areas which are unsuited for septic tank developeent. (BT)
COB t BTIS
tCC« i L000383 e
BUTBOBx University of Bebraska, later Besoarces Center, Lincoln, Bebraska
IFFII : University of Bebraska, water Beaources. Center, Lincoln, BB
TXTLB t water Probleas in the Baral Environseat; alternative solatloas for vster
Supply end Wastewater Disposal. Proceedings of a Conference Held at
Lincoln, Bebraska, on Bovesber * and 5, 1976
SOOBCBi BTIS Beport fluaber PB-279 775/1ST, 1*2 pages
COST j BC S7.25/BF S3.00
TUB j 1978
TBXT i This conference considered rural water supply and wastewater disposal
probleas, including both quality sad quantity. The soclo-econoslc and
technological aspects of alternative solutions to rural water probleas
and the various impacts involved in changing or inproving the current
situation were examined. Future research and related needs to solve
various rural water probleas were outlined. The conference focused on
domestic and farastead use of water and included considerations of
supply cystous ranging froa that required for an individual hone to that
regalred for a saall community. 
-------
81
nation about «uch nUt is iaparfact. From the results, it is aviflant
that special attention numt be paid to greywater, sine* it is the grey-
water that snpplias such a large proportion of primary (diract) polln-
tioa. (IT)
CO! : HIS
ACC# t L000386 •
lUTHOBs Parker, c.B.
aFPXL t TA Highway and Transportation BaMarch Council, Charlottasvilla, T1
TITLE : Water lease at Highway lest ureas: Evaluation phase
SOOBCE: RTIS Baport Bunber PB-278 542/6ST, 90 pages
COST J HC S6.00/HF S3.00
TB&B : 1977
TBXT : The limited availability of water and the stringent standards on waste-
water affluent at rest areas led to the development of a water recycle-
reuse system to treat flash water from water closets, this report des-
cribes the evaluation of the water recycle-rease system installed at the
rest area on X-81 at Fairfield, Virginia. (IT)
CO* i BTXS
ACC* : L000387 »
AUTHORt Patterson, J. I.; linear, B.a.; ledved, T.K.
ITTTt : Illinois Institote for Environmental Quality, Chicago, XL
TXTLX i Septic Tanks and the Environment
SOURCE! ITIS Report Iamber PB-204 519, 105 pages
COST t IC S6.50/BP S3.00
YBAB I 1971
TBXT t The report reviews and evaluates available literature on septic tanks,
and influence of septic tanks on pmblic health and environmental qua-
lity. The consistently poor performance of septic tanks indicates that
other waste disposal methods are necessary in densly populated areas and
that more rigorous regulation of design criteria, installation, and
operation are reguired in sparsely inhabited areas suitable for septic
tank Installations. The report is intended to form the basis for ap-
propriate administrative or legislative action in Illinois. Xts biblio-
graphy contains 127 items. (IT)
col t I*IS
ICC# t L000388 •
auTioit Pfeffer, J.T.
IPPIL : University of Illinois, Department of civil Engineering, Urbana-Chaa-
paign, XL
TXTLB i Best area Wastewater Treatment and Disposal
SOUBCEt BTXS import lumber PB-2%6 061/6ST
j BC S5.25/HP S3.00
I 1974
t The continued developnent of the Interstate highway rest areas has ea-
phasized the need for improved water supply and wastewater treatment
systess. in analysis of the rest are* usage provided information regard
ing the guantity and guality of wastewater as well as the variation in
wastewater flow. This information has been used to evaluate potential
wastewater treatment systens for rest areas, process stability under
widely fluctuating loadings, simplicity of operation and aesthetic
qualities were the major criteria used to evaluate the systems, a
sunnary of the reports on Phases 1 and 2 of this project is presented.
(BT)
t BTXS
I L000389 *
AUTBOBt Public Bealth Service, later and Sanitation Investigation, Cincinnati,
Ohio
arriL i public Bealth Service, later and Sanitation Investigation, Cincinnati,
OBlo
TXTLB t BBPl-USPBS Household Sewage Disposal Project. Beport and appendices
SOOBCBi BTXS Beport Bunber PB-260 259/7ST, 144 pages
COST t BC S7.25/HP S3.00
TUB I 1948
nXT : a second report covering primarily project developments from aug. 1,
19*7, to January 19*8 is presented. Progress on 18 objective items is
individually reported. See LOO0391. (BT)
COB t BTXS
ACC* t L000390 *	, ,
aoTBOBt Public Bealth Service, later and Sanitation imvestigations, Cincinnati,
Ohio
Ifflt < Public Bealth service, later and Sanitation investigations, dnelnnuti,
OB
TXTLB t Progress Beport of BRfc - USPBS flousehold Sewage Disposal
SOOBCBt BTXS Beport Bunber PB-260 175/SST, 80 pages
COST » BC S6.00/BP S3.00
TBftS I 19*7
COST
TEaS
TBXT
COB
ACC*
-------
82
TEXT : The Household Sevage Disposal Project, inaugurated in 1946, required
eaphasls on special testing and investigation work. Specific areas ex-
amined include: literature review; investigation of existing installa-
tions; operation of septic tanks and subsurface systeas; saapling; lab-
oratory investigation of soil clogging; 10- and 20-year cleaning inter-
vals; extreae freezing conditions; effect of tree and shrubbery roots;
effects of residential garbage grinding; distribution boxes; investiga-
tion of tank proportions; discharge of grease; relationship to sodiuu
and calcias to soil-clogging action; relationships asong seepage, evap-
oration, and transpiration; nee aethods of disposal; and developaent of
standards. (BT)
COB : BTIS
*CC» : LOO0391 *
*OTHOP; Public Health Service, Division of Sanitary Engineering Services, Wash-
ington, D.C.
ITTll : public Health service. Division of Sanitary Bngineering Services, Wash-
ington, D.C.
TIT1B : Hanaal of Septic-Tank practice. Developed in cooperation with the Joint
Coauittee on Rural Sanitation
SOOBCBt BTIS Report Buaber PB-218 226, 96 pages
COST : HC $7.50/HF $3.00
YEAR i 1959
mi : The Manual on septic tank practices has been prepared for use as a guide
by health agencies, building officials, installers, and others, to aeet
the need for an authoritative treatise on the subject. (BT)
COB s BTIS
»CCt j L000392 •	,	.
AOTBOB: Public Health Service, Division of Sanitation, Washington, p.c.
AFFXl : Public Health Service, Division of Sanitation, Washington, D.c.
TXTlB : Trailer Court Sanitation With suggested ordinances and Begulations
SOURCE: BTIS Report Buaber PB-260 121/9ST, 31 pages
COST : HC BW.50/BF S3.00
TEAB : 1953	,
TBXT : Parked trailers can create unsanitary conditions by iaproper disposal of
sewage and refuse. These conditions can endanger the health and safety
not only of the trailer occupants, but of residents of adjacent areas as
well. This nanual incorporates recosnendations froa a variety of
sources, including neabers of the Conference of state Sanitary Engin-
eers. areas covered are: site provisions; service buildings; water
supply; sewage disposal; refuse disposal; insect and rodent control;
electricity and fuel; fire protection, alterations, repairs and addi-
tions] restrictions on pets; restaurants; and coaaunicable diseases.
Fourteen references are included. (BT)
BTIS
1000393 *	.
Public Health Service, Division of Bnvironaental Bngineering and Food
Protection, Washington, D.C.
Public Health Service, Division of Envlronnental Bngineering and Food
Protection, Washington, D.C.
Bnvironaental Health Quide for Hobile Hone Parks with a Becoaaended or-
dinance
BTIS Report Bunber PB-260 084/9ST, 39 pages
HC S4.50/HP $3.00
1966
The purpose of this guide is to provide the latest envlronnental health
guidelines to persons responsible for or concerned with planning, de-
signing, operating, and aaintaining nobile hone parks, and for reference
in developing federal# state, or local ordinances, laws or regulations
applicable to aobile hoae parks. A conpanion guide is available entitl-
ed "Bnvironaental Health Ouide for Travel Trailer Parking Areas."
Topics covered include site planning, nobile hone stands, water supply,
sewage disposal, refuse handling, insect and rodent control, electrical
distribution, fuel supply and storage, fire protection and safety, and
a suggested ordinance. References are included. (BT)
COB t BTIS
ACC9 i 1000399 *
AUTHOR: Puchtler, B.; Reid, B.; Christianson, C.
AFFXl ; Corvallis Envlronnental Research lab., Arctic Envlronnental Research
Station, College, AK
TXTlB t later Related Utilities for snail Connunities in Rural Alaska
SOORCBt BTIS Report Buaber PB-259 964/5ST (BPA/600/3-?6/10«), 8« pages
COST : BC 16.00/BF $3.00
TEAR : 1976
TBXT : The 'Alaska Tillage Demonstration Projects* were authorised by Section
113, P.O. 92-500 (86 STAT 816), for the purpose of denonstrating aethods
to iaprove sanitary conditions in native villages of Alaska, central
COB t
ACC# J
AUTHOBt
AFFI1 t
TIT1E >
SOORCBt
COST :
TEAR :
TBXT :
-------
83
coanunity facilities hay* bean constructed in tbe native Tillages of
Bnaonak and Hainwright to provide a safe water supply; toilets, bathing
and laundry facilities; 'an4^sewgev land waste disposal. (>T)
COR : WIS
ICC* t L000395 *
AUTHOR! Raid, L.C., Jr.
AFFIL : Departsent of Health, Education, and Helfare, Hashington, D. c.
TITLB t Individual Household Aerated Haste treatment Systea
SOURCE: HTIS Report Huaber PB-232 513/2; (PAT-APPL-16 456, PATEHT-3 807 563), 6
pages
COST : HTIS: Price Hot Available; Patent Office Copy: SO.50
YBAB : 197*
TEXT < The patent describes a systei for the treatment of sewage froa houses or
ssall apartaents eaploying an air lift for circulation, agitation, oxy-
genation, redaction, and coasinution. The biological aass and other
solids are separated froa the water by the use of inclined plane set-
tlers which perait the activated sludge to settle out. (HT)
COH : HTIS
ACC* t
AUTHORJ
AFPII :
TITLB J
SOURCE:
COST :
TEAR :
TEXT :
COH
:
ACC* 1
AUTHOR:
AFFIL i
TITLE :
SOURCE:
COST :
TEAR
TEXT :
COH
L000396 •
University of Rhode Island, Hater Resources Center, Kingston
University of Rhode Island, Hater Resources center, Kingston
The Rhode Island Hater Resources Research Prograa, Annual Report (7th)
HTIS Report Buaber PB-209 892, 62 pages
HC S5.25/HF S3.00
1971
The report reviews research carried out by the Rhode Island Hater Re-
sources Center. Bethods were sought for reaoving high concentrations of
iron and sanganese froa groundwater. Pollution of a water supply source
by groundwater seepage froa septic tanks, sewage lagoons and refuse
fills has been followed. Social aad econoaic probleaa of groundwater
pollution were studied; groundwater in Rhode Island offers a least cost
alternative to surface iapoundaent. (HT)
HTIS
L000397 *
Robert A. Taft Sanitary Bngineering Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
Robert A. Taft Sanitary Bngineering Center, Cincinnati, OH
Special Study of Sewage Treataent Facilities at Haaaoth Cave Rational
Park, Kentucky
HTIS Report Huaber PB-215 092, 23 pages
HC S4.00/HF S3.00
1956
The report describes a special study of the sewage treataent facilities
serving Haaaoth cave Rational Park. The objectives of this study were
to Seteraine the quantity and characteristics of the sewage produced in
thia heavily used Rational Park and the efficiency of the units of the
sewage treataent plant. (HT)
HTIS
ACC* : L000398 *
AUTHOR: Rothenberg, J.H.; Hixon, H.R.; Boegly, H.J.
AFFIL : Oak Ridge Rational Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TH
TITLE : Integrated Haste Hanagesent Systeas: Onsite HIUS Applications
SOURCE: HTIS Report Huaber COHF-751107-9, 19 pages
COST : HC S4.00/HP S3.00
TEAR : 1975
TEXT : Bach of the aalor utility subsystens of the Hodular Integrated Utility
systee (HIUS) were exaained with respect to both the potential for inte-
gration with other subsystems and the advantages resulting froa such
Integration. The conclusions represent a current suaaary of results
froa evaluation studies of salor components end subsystens applicable to
HIUS, systeas analyses coapariag HIUS to conventional utilities serving
identical conauner aoflels, aad asseasaents of iapacts froa application
of the HIUS concept. (HT)
COH : HTIS
ACC* : L000399 *
AUTHOR: Rothenberg, J.H.; Hixon, H.R.; Boegly, H.J., Jr.
AFFIL : Oak Ridge Rational Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TH
TITLB : Integrated Haste Hanageaent Systeas: Onsite HIUS Applications
SOURCB: HTIS Report Huaber COHP-751216-1, 27 pages
COST : HC S4.50/HF S3.00
TEAR : 1975
TEXT : The- Departaent of Housing and Urban Developaent (HUD) is conducting the
Hodalar Integrated Utility System (HIUS) Prograa devoted to developaent
and deaonstration of the technical, econoaic, and institutional advan-
tages of integrating the systeas for providing all or several of the
utility services for a coaauaity. Possible utility services include the
provision of potable water, and liquid and solid waste treatnenl and
disposal. The objective of the HIUS concept is to provide the Spired
-------
8*
utility services in a way that is consistent with redaction in the as*
of critical natural resources, protection of the environment, and sin-
in it at ion of cost. I BIOS sight be sized to accosaodate several hundred
or a few thousand sultifaaily dwelling units, nearby single-family hous-
ing, and associated consercial facilities. It ases a complex of ssall,
on-site cosbined package plants, each sized to Beet deaands of the
development served. The BIOS is aodalar in that it can be installed
near appropriate users in phase with the actual deaands of community
development or redevelopsent. It ases an integrated systess approach
whereby sose resource requirements of one service are set by utilizing
the effluent of another. Each of the aajor utility subsystens of BIOS
are examined with respect to the potential for integration with other
subsystems and the advantages resulting fros such integration. The
conclusions presented represent a current sunnary of results froa
evaluation studies of aajor coaponents and subsystems applicable to BIOS
system analyses comparing BIOS to conventional utilities serving identi-
cal consumer models, and assessments of impacts froa applicaton of the
BIOS concept. (IT)
COB t WIS
ICC# t 1000*00 *
IBTBOB: Sack, I.I.; Phillips, S.I.
mil : West Virginia Oniversity, Department of Civil Engineering, Borgan-
town, IT
TZT1I t Bvaluation of the Bio-Disc Treatsent Process for Susmer Caap Application
SOOBCB: ITIS Report lumber PB-225 126/2ST (6P0 Stock lumber BP1.23:670-022),
78 pages
COST : ITIS BC S6.00/BF S3.00; 6P0 Paper Copy: 81.05
TUB i 1973
TBXT : The bio-disc wastewater treatment process was evaluated during operation
for one summer at a recreational camp. The bio-disc section consisted
of four stages, each of 22 polystyrene discs 1.98 n (6.5 ft) in dia-
meter, and was preceded by a septic tank that served to handle both the
primary and the biological sludga produced. Bvaluation of the plant in-
cluded tine required for start-up, organic reaoval efficiency, response
to flow variations, nutrient reaovals, aesthetic iapact, and required
maintenance and operation attention. Overall organic removals reached
essentially full efficiency by the end of the first week of operation,
lowmver, reaovals across the bio-disc section continued to increase
aoaevhat till about the fifth or sixth week of operation. (IT)'
OOI | ITIS
ICC# t 1000*01 *
IOTBOB: Sack, 1.1.; Phillips, S.I.
IPPIL : lest Virginia Oniversity, Borgantown, lest Virginia
TXTLB t Bvaluation of the Bio-Disc Treatment Process for summer Caap ipplication
SOOtCB: ITXS Beport lumber PB-227 633/5 (6P0 Stock Bumber BP1.23/2:670/2-73-022)
80 pages
COST : ITIS BC 86.00; flPO Paper Copy: 81.05
Till : 1973
TBXT : The bio-disc wastewater treataemt process was evaluated during operation
for one summer at a recreational camp. The bio-disc section consisted
of four stages, each of 22 polystyrene discs 1.98 s in dianmter, and was
preceded by a septic tank that served to handle both the primary and the
biological sludge produced. Bvaluation of the plant included tine re-
quired for start-up, organic removal efficiency, response to flow varia-
tions, nutrient removals, aesthetic impact, and required maintenance and
operation attention. (IT)
COI t ITXS
1CCV I t000*02 •
IBTBOBs Sargent, P.O.
IPPIL : University of Vernoat, Department of igricultaral amd Besource Econo-
mics, Burlington, VT
TITLB t Land dm Patterns, Butrophication, and Pollution in Selected Lakes
SOOBCBt ITXS Beport lumber PB-263 501/9ST, 50 pages
COST : BC S4.50/BP S3.00
TUB : 1976
TBXT i The principal contributions of this project were development of: (1) a
lake vulnerability classification system, (2) a lake basin land use in-
tensity index, and (3) a survey of literature concerning techniques of
lake Management and rehabilitation. The lake vulnerability index is de-
signed to indicate the extent of the lake's vulnerability to accelerated
cultural eutrophication. The lake basin land use intensity index is de-
signed to indicate the relative level of lakeshore and upland use and
abase with reference to water quality. (BT)
COB : ITXS
ICC* :	L000*03 •
tOTflOB:	Scalf, B.B.; Dualap, B.J.; Kreissl, J.P.
IPPIL :	Bobert S. Iterr Bnvironnental Basearch Laboratory, Ida, OK
TXTLB i	Bnvironnental Bffeets of Septic Tank Systess
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85
SOOBCBt ITXS Report Bnaber PB-272 702/2ST (in 60013-77/096), *3 pages
COS1 t HC $*.50/HF $3.00
YBiB t 1977
TBXT i llthoogh the percentage of newly constructed hoeee at111sing septic
tanks Is decreasing, the total auaber continues to Increase. Properly
designed, constructed, and operated septic tank systeas hare deeon-
strated an efficient and econoaical alternative to pablic sever systeas,
practicalarly in rural and sparsely developed sabarbaa ateas. However,
because of their widespread use in ansaitable situations, they have also
desonstrated the potential for contaaination of ground and sarface
waters. (IT)
COI : BTXS
ICC* : 1000*04 *
10TH0I: segall, B.ft.
ftFFIL t Bisenhower Consortiun for Western Environmental Porestry Research, Port
Collins, CO
TITLB 2 The Iapact of Vacation Boees on Bational Forest Water Besoarces
SOORCB] MIS Beport Bnaber PB-253 732/2ST (Bisenhower Consortian Ball-3), 23
pages
COST i BC M.00/BF S3.00
YBftB t 1976
TBZT J The investigation showed that sewage flow rates are dependent on hoae
occupancy and flaetaate widely la caaparisoa with sabarbaa and arbaa
areas. This sporadic waste discharge is deleterious to package plant
type treatnent systeas. Dispersed, well designed and aaintained soil
disposal systess are preferred is a forest environaeat. Coaveatioaal
sewerage systeas aad treataeat plaats ooaceatrate wastewater flows, par-
tially treat waste aaterials, and are less desirable. (IT)
COB t BTXS
ICC* t L000«05 *
ftDTHOR: Sharpe, B.B.i Fletcher, P.I.
ftFFIL s Pennsylvania state University, Institute for Besearch on Land aad Water
Besoarces, Oniversity Park, Pi
TITLB i Proseedings of conference on water Conservation and Sewage Flow Bedac-
tion with Water-Saving Devices, Beld at Pennsylvania State Oniversity on
April 8, 9, 10, 1975
SOOBCBt BTXS Beport Bnaber PB-250 999.OST, 212 pages
COST < BC S9.25/BF $3.00
YBiB J 1975
TBXT t Theae proceedings are a carrent state-of-the-art assessaent of water-
aavlng device technology in the Onited States. The papers addreas then-
selves to the sajor gaestions associated with water-saving device devel-
opaent and use. The gaps in current knowledge are enunerated and the
infornation necessary to fill the gaps is identified. The infornation
contained in these proceedings will be of benefit to a broad spectraa of
concerned individuals froa the researchers to the facilities aanager.
(BT)
COW t BTXS
ICC* t 1000*06 •
ftOTBOBt Saall, Wura, C.
ftFFIL t Brookhaven Bational Laboratory, Opton, Bee York
TITLB t Data Beportt Beadow/Barsh/Poad Systes
SOOBCBt WTXS Beport Wuaber BBL-50675, 33 pages
COST t BC •*.50/BF $3.00
YB&B I 1977
TBXT t The Beadow/Barsh/Pond is one of two natural sewage-treataeat systeas
conatracted at Brookhaven Batioaal Laboratory. This aad a Harsh/Pond
systes have been ia various aodas of continuous operation since 1973 and
will continue in the future. Both systeas reaove natrients and coataa-
iaants froa sewage vithoat the use of coaveatioaal hardware or the gea-
eratioa of sledge for separate disposal. They are econoaioal to build
and operate. They are attractive ifitn*, free of disease vectors,
aerosols and objectional odors. When sufficient land is available, the
¦eaflow/Barah/Foad appears superior for renovating blends of septage aad
weak sewage to ground-water recharge gaality. (WT)
COW t WTXS
ICC# I 1000*07 •
ftOTBOBI saith, D.B.| Scott, D.B.
ftFFIL t Bala Beach Coanty lrea Planning Board, West Pale Beach, FL
TITLB t Coaprehensive Sewerage Plan. Part 1. Data Suaaaryt Pablic Sewerage
Systeas
SOOBCBt WTXS Beport Buaber PB-18* 677, 57 pages
COST t HC $5.25/BF $3.00
Till t 1968
TBXT t Bxpenditare of nearly $3,000,000 annaally ranks Pale Beach Coaaty fifth
oat of 67 Florida couatiea ia total construction of public sewerage
facilities. Pablic sewerage facilities Include 115 separate uateaa in
Pala Beach Coaaty, 3* of which are considered expandable. SepT c taak
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86
or other private systeas ntT* nearly 20 pireut of tha county popnla-
tion. Approximately 10.5 Billion gallons of twtrig* systea effluent
discharge each day into tha county•a freah water resources. Clusters of
¦¦all, privately-owned Beverage ayataas and septic tank araaa lndlcata
tha naad for additional public sewer construction. Bnnidpal and pri-
vate utility companies oparata tha pnblic aeveraga ayataaa. Tha Florida
Public service Coaaiasion and/or tha Pale Beach county Board of county
Coaaiaaionera grant and control franchiaaa of tha 25 private sewerage
utility coapaniea in tha county. (IT)
CO! : BTIS
ICC* s 1.000*08 *
AUTBOBt Saith, J.B.
trriL > Bavironaental Protection Agency, Bashington, B.C.
TZT1B > Baatewater Diapoaal Syatea
SOOBCBt BTI8 Beport Bulbar PB-226 625/3ST (Patent Application Buaber PAT-APPt-
605 569), 16 pagea
COST I BC S4.00/BF S3.00
TUB i 1976
TBZT > This patent application pertains to a saptic tank systea located in non-
percolating soil or in highly sloped terrain, A nethod of, and systen
for, disposing of septic tank effluent (wastewater) by evaporation into
the ataosphare are disclosed. Bastevater fro* the septic tank is tea-
porarily stored in an equalisation tank below ground level, and then
puaped to an evaporation trough nountad above the aeptic tank at the
surface of tha ground. A plurality of vertical discs are aounted in the
trough on a coaeon axis parallel to the surface of the wastewater. The
discs are partially iaaersed in the wastewater; and upper portion of the
discs is exposed to the ataosphare. Tha discs are rotated at a speed of
rotation sufficient to establiah a fila of wastewater on tha surface of
the exposed upper portion of the discs for continuous evaporation of
wastewater into the ataosphare. (BT)
COB t BTIS
ICC* : 1000*09 *
AOTBOBt Saith, K.E.; Springer, L.B.; Stephens, J.D.
ArriL i Tirglnia Polytechnic Institute and state oniversity, flater Besourees
Besearch Center, Blackaburg, Tt
TITLB t Zntarast flroup Perceptions of Devalopaent issues in Tidewater, Virginia
SOOBCBt BTIS Beport Buaber PB-265 662/7ST (VPI-VBBRC-Bull-101), 103 pages
COST t BC 16.50/BP S3.00
IIBB « 197?
*1X* » Bural areas of coastal Virginia face increased exurban devalopaent as
the appeal of 'country* living, lower taxea, and better accaaaibility
lead to rapid growth beyond tha urban fringe. This study exaained tha
potential social and envlrooaental consequence of this trend in Biddle-
sex county, Virginia, since aanv portions of this county have high
water tables and Inefficient soils for wastewater treataant using con-
ventional septic tank aysteas, future growth will create water polltuion
probleas affecting not only the shellfishing industry but also huaan
health. (BT)
COB t BTIS
ICC* t 1000*10 *
AOTBOBi Snoevlnk, v.i.j Barkus, P.I.; Shin, B.S.j Lowe, C.B.
irrxi t University of Illinois, Orbaaa, IL
TIT1B t OSAF Bobility Prograa Bastewater Treataant Syaten
SOOBCBt BTIS Beport Buaber AD-7*7 025, 220 pages
COST t BC S9.25/BF S3.00
1MB i 1972
1#* » th* O.S. Air Force Bare Baae Bobility Prograa involves a highly aobile
fore* ot 1,000 to 6,000 Ma who can be aoved any place la the world on
i vary short notice. The sapport aysteas for this forea include a
wastewater treataant ayatea which can treat wastewaters to the required
degree prior to discharge to tha envlronaent. The wastewaters which are
generated at a bar* base include photographic, aircraft and vehicle
vashrack, huaan, shower and lavatory, hospital, dining roon, kitchen and
lauadry wastewaters. A waste treatseat systea which involves (1) sep-
arate collection and incineration of husan waste, and (21 treataant of
all wastewatera exoept coaceatrated photographic wastes in a systea
which iaclades cheaical clarification, flotation, filtration, activated
carboa adsorption and chlorlnation Is reeoaaended. The sludge, concen-
trated photographic waste aad tha skleelaga troa the aircraft aad
vehicle waahrack wastes are Incinerated, and the ash froa the incinera-
tor is disposed of on land. (BT)
COB I BTIS
ICC* i 1000*11 * .
IDTBOBt Sponagla, C.B.
irrit t Bnvirenaental protection Agency, Office of Bater Prograa Operations,
Cincinnati, ob
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87
TXTLI > Salaction and Operation of Ssall Mitmtn Traataant Pad lit las-Train-
ing Rauil
SOURCBs ITZS laport luaber PB-224 266/7 (IP»-»30/1-73-005>, 117 pagaa
COST I 1C 16.SO/IP 43.00
Tl&l < 1973
TIXT t The training aannal consists of a aarlaa of ontlinas asad as a basa of
instruction. Subjects covered include ckaracteristics of tka water
envrionnentt pollution fron aunicipal and industrial sources; sethods
of vastavatar traataantj consideration of specific typos of saall treat-
ment plants, including septic tanks, package plants, and lagooasi and
control tests, sanpling, and inspections associated with aaintaining
effective treatnent plant operation. (IT)
COM i ITXS
ICC* I 1000412 *
ItJTloli Springborn tabs.. Inc., infield, Connecticut
irru i springborn tabs., inc., infield, ct
TTTll t task water laste Pretreetaeet Syetea
SO0ICI: ITXS Report leeber I77-3404S/7ST (HSI-CI-151513), 66 pages
COST I IC S5.25/IP S3.00
TUI I 1977
TSXT I Investigations were cospleted on wast eaters based oa each candidate
personal cleansing agent. Ivaluations of coagnlants, antifoaa agents,
nnd tke effect of proeising antifoass oa tke ckeaical precipitation were
inclnded. Based oa theee evaluations two candidate soaps, as well ae
their conpaaion antifoaa agents, were selected for farther work. Oper-
ating paraseters included the effect of soap concentration, ferric
chloride concentration, deration of nixing, and pore else ef depth fil-
ters on tke degree of soap reuoval. Tke effect of preeeure oa eater
floe tkroagk filter cartridges and oa tke rate of decline of eater flow
was also investigated, oives recoaaendation of a pretreatnent concept
based on cheaicnl precipitaton followed by pressare filtration. (M)
COI i ITZS
ICC* t 1000113 *
lUTIOBt Stewart, J.I.
irril t lortk Carolina later lesonrces lesearch lastitate, Raleigk, ic
tlTU > Proceedings of lortk Ceroliaa Conference on Inter Conservation, leld at
loyal Villa, taleigk. I.e., on Septeaber 3-*, 1975
SOOICSt ITXS teport Innber PB-268 900/8ST, 13® pages
COST 1 IC S7.25/IP S3.00
Till t 1975
TIXT t This conference explored wnys of asking better nse of existing water
supplies nnd reducing the cost of wnstewnter nanagenent through coneer-
vatlon nnd nore efficient prnctices. Tkirteen presentations are in-
cluded on residential, food processiag, pulp and paper, and textile
water coneervation. Papers also were presented on wnter saviag devices
and conservntion in suburban Bnryland and in Pennsylvaaia. Innovative
approaches to rate-aaklng and rate stractaree were topice for three
presentntlons. (IT)
COI t ITXS
ICC* t L000414 •
tOTIOBs Stone, I.
IFPXL t Oeeaaslde, CI
TXTLI < Disposal of Sewage Sludge Into a Sanitary Landfill
SODRCI* ITXS Report luaber PB-2M 6S0/SST, 462 pages
COST I IC S14.SO/Rf S3.00
Till : 1974
TIXT t The report describes the results of a three-year deaonstratlon study of
the disposal of liquid sewage sledge and septic tank peuplags into solid
waste at a sanitary landfill, leu! ' seals Mwntory studies were con-
ducted te leteralae tke¦solotaro-abeaskla| eafscity of tyeMNU. iailt
waste constituents and te establish ekasacteristloe of atttllu»e *ith
various sludges. The cospositien and gaaatity ot solid waste produoed
la the city of Oceanside were deternlned by quarterly ««te sanplings
aad waste collection vehicle weighings. Pilot plant lysiaeters were
enployed to investigate the effects ef sewage and Septic tank sladges on
solid waste tesperatare, decoeposition, leaekate, eettleeent. Insects,
odor aad gas ckaracteristics. (IT)
COI i ITXS
kCC* I L000415 •
lOTIOSt Sykes, R.I.
IPPXL > Okio state Vniverslty, Bagineering Bxperinent station, Colusbus
TXTLI i Blodegradatloa of Disposable Diaper cosponents in Septic Tanks
SOOIClt ITXS leport lasber PB-247 S15/4ST, 30 pages
COST I IC M.50/IP S3.00
Till t 1974
TIXT i The biodegradablity of the cellulose fiber wadding and resin fended,
noe-woven rayon fabric in 'Paupers1 disposable diapers was li»ufate(
using laboratory scale septic tanks. Xt was showa that the ctgpalose
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88
fibera were nearly coapletely decoapoeed in the tanks with only a vary
¦¦all increase in tha rata of alndga accaaalation. the rayon fabric,
however, dacoaposad vary slowly, requiring about four aontha for coa-
plata degradation. (IT)
COB : ni!
»CC# : 1,000416 *
10TB0B: sylvaitar# H.O.; Saablooa, 1.1.
APPX1 t University of lashington, Departnant of Civil Engineering, saattla
TXT1B : iMt Area faataaatar Disposal
SOOBCBt ITIS Baport lasbar PB-208 522, 82 pagee
COST < IC S6.00/BP S3.00
TUB » 1972
TUT > leaaarch was concerned with da»•loping altarnativa aathods of wastawatsr
disposal is Highway Depart aeat safety rast areas. Existing and planned
rast araa installations wars stndiad to astablish critical oparatin?
parasatars and relative effectiveaeaa of agisting wasta disposal
systass. state-of-the-art systaas and various additivas wara aiaainad
aad tastad to dataraina if systaa afficiancy can ba ineraasad. Becoa-
sandations vara aada as to disposal systaas which ara saitad to tha con-
ditions exiating in rast araas including tha dasirabla aad undasirabla
featuraa of aach systaa ooasidarad. (IT)
COB t BTIS
ICC* t 1000417 *
IOTHOBi Tague, D.P.; lauff, 6.B.
1PPII t Bichigan stata Onivarsity «. Kallogg Biological Station, Hickory cornars
TIT1B t Bull laket Past, Preaeat, Putura
SOOBCBt ITIS Baport Buabar PB-237 530/1SL. 30 paaas
COS* l HC S4.50/HP S3.00
TB1B : 1973
TBXT t l brochura outlinaa tha cultural causas of autrophication of ona of
Bichigan»s larga lakaa and tha altaraativa to corractiva aanagaaant of
tha laka and surrounding araaa. Bull Laka ia southwastsra Bichigan has
bsan suffering fros accalarating datarioration of watar quality sinca
at laast 1965. Tha principal causa of this dagradatioa is phosphorus
enrichaant originating froa saptic systaas and excessive lawn fertilixa-
tioa. Banagaaant practices proposed are replacing septic tank systaas
with a sewage systea and reduction in fertilixatioa of lawna. (BT)
COI t ITXS
ICC* t 1000418 a
BOtBOBi Tilatra, J.B.; Balueg, k.B.j Powers, C.P.
BPPX1 t Pacific Borthwest Bnvironaental Basearch lab., Corvallis, OB
TifLB : i Study on Disposal of Caapground Bastes Adjacent to Baldo Lake, Oregon
SOOBCBt ITIS Beport Buabar PB-253 331/3ST (Pacific Borthwest»s Beport Busbar)
	 (Borking Papar-7-Orag), 27 pages
COS* 1 IC S4.50/RP S3.00
TUB t 1973
TBXT t the study site was a new caapgrouad septic tank traataeat and disposal
systes at Islet Caapgrouad, adjacent to laldo lake, Oakridge Banger
District, Billaaette Bational Forest, Oregon, the priaary objectivea
vera to introduce expedient aathods for characterising the groundwater
flew ragiae in areas either considered for or actively used for disposal
of septic tank effluents by soil absorption, and to dataraina the effec-
tivaaeas of a rocky volcanic soil upoa tha breakdown and retention of
pfcoaphoroa and aitrogea froa a septic teak affluent. (BT)
COB » Itxs
ACC« t 1090*19 •
BQtBOBI tilsworth, T.
AFPXl t Oaiveraity of Alaska, Institute of Ijfter lasoureas. College, IB
TITIB i the Characteristics and oitiaate Disposal of Baste Septic Tank Sludge
SOOBCBt BTIS Beport Busber PB-241 488/63* 4Onivarsity of Alaska Baport Buabar
IBB-56), 36 pages
COST t BC S4.50/BF S3.00
TUB j 1974
TBXT x Xadividual household treataaaC of doaestic sewage haa beea accoapliahed,
ia pact, by tha use of aeptib taaks. These treataeat units ara atill
being widely aaad ia urbaa/and rural areas where aawera aad sewage
treataeat facilities are nonexlatent. Periodic reaoval of vaate septic
tank sludge can rasalt ia environaental daaage unless adequate provi-
sioa has been aada for processiag this sladge for altiaate diapoaal.
Septaga saaplea were obtained froa tha Pairbanka, Alaska, locale and
were characterised as to BOD, COD, solids and others. Several experi-
aanta ware perforaed on the ssptic sladge inclading aeration aad diges-
tion atudiea. Bethods of treataeat and altiaate disposal ware diacuaaed
as well as cost analyaea. (BT)
COB : BTXS
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89
ACCf : 1000420 *
AOTBOB: Tucker, l.S.
AFFI1 : Aaericas society of civil Engineers, Bew York
TITLE i Pressure Tubing Field Investigation
SOOBCBt BTIS Report Hasher PB-186 011 (ASCB Beport Bunber TB-5), 3* pages
COST I BC ••.50/BF <3.00
TBI! t 1967
TEXT : The work reported in this technical sesorandns is pursuant to Contract
Buaber 1#-12-29 between 1SCH and the Federal later Foliation control
Adalnistratlon, O.S. Departsent of the Interior. Tank 7 of that con-
tract relates to special field-trial installations of tubing and con-
duits for the purpose of deternining the natnre and extent of practical
difficulties that night be encountered in passing various tubing
through a building sewer, in suspending or otherwise attaching a pres-
sure conduit in the street sewer and in Baking tubing-tp-condult con-
nections. This technical nenorandun covers that portion of Task 7 con-
cerning tubing field-trial installations. (IT)
COB : BTZS
ACC» : 1000*21 •
AOTBOB: valley Begional Planning Agency, Ansonia, CT
AFFIL i Valley Begional Planning Agency, ABsoala, CT
TXTIB : Proposed Bunicipal Plans and Prograas for Pollution Control. Volune II
SOURCE: BTIS Beport Bo. PB-185 139, 68 pages
COST : BC S5.25/BF 13.00
YBAB : 1968
TBXT t The report presents the sewerage plans and prograas prepared by con-
sultants to the four valley legion nunicipalities in conplianoe with
orders issued to the nunicipalities by the Connecticut Batet Resources
Cosaission. presented on a region-wide basis are the service areas,
systea conponents, and construction and operating costs resulting fron
the individual aunicipal plans and prograas. The proposed plans include
nunicipal collection and treatnent of donestic and oonnercial wastes
froa urbanised areas; private subsurface treatnent and disposal in
rural areas; collection and treatnent by the nunicipalities of all
sanitary and sose process wastes froa industries. (B*|
COB : BTZS
ICC# : 1000122
lOTBOB: Vlahakls, J.Q.
AFFIX, : Aray Bobility Eguipaent Besearch S Developnent center. Fort Belvoir, VA
TITLE i Studies on BDST (Bedical Unit, Self-contained Transportable) Field
Bospital Bastewater Treatnent
SOUBCB: BTIS Beport Bo. AD-A008 963/1ST, 61 pages
COST i BC 15.25/BF $3.00
IBAB J 197»
TBZT : The report Investigates the applicability of using polyelectrolyte-
aidad-carbon coagulation as a pretreataent in conbination with a high-
recovery reverse osnosis (BO) systen to treat a synthetically prepared
nedical unit, self-contained, transportable (BDST) hospital wastewater
with variable characteristics. The five-source hospital waste contained
X-ray, operating rooa, lnboratory, shower, and kitchen waters. A 10,000-
gpd pilot plant was tested on a 200-hour baais, 100 consecutive hours
per run. tkt systen involved polyelectrolyte-aided-carbon coagulation,
upflow clarification, diatonaceous earth filtration, and deaiaeralisa-
tion by spiral-wound BO. The BDST wastewater was adequately treated by
this process. (BT)
COB S BTIS
ACC# I 1000*23 •
AOTBOB: Bailer, D.H.
AFFIL : Aaerican Society of Civil Engineers, Be* York
TITLE : Experience with grinding and Puaping of Sewage froa Buildings
SODRCBi BTIS Beport Bo. PB-185 997 (ASCB Beport Mo. tB-J), 97 pages
COST : BC M.00/BF S3.00
YBAB i 1967
TBXT : The contained sewer separation concept envisions the installation, in
each building coupler that is served by an existing contained sewerage
systen, of eguipaent that will grind building sewage and discharge it
under pressure to a pressure sanitary sewerage systea. The elenents of
the systen that serves a building will therefore conpriss a neans of '
grinding raw building sewage, a aethod of puaping ground sewage# a
nethod of preventing backflow, and discharge tubing or pipe connected
to the pressure sewerage systen. (BT)
COB t BTIS
ACCt i 100042% •
AOTBOB: Bailer, D.B.
AFFX1 t Aserlcan Society of civil Engineers, Bew York
TXTIB i Experience with Orinding and Puaping of sewage fron Buildings (Con-
cluded)
SODICEi BTXB Beport Bo. PB-185 998 (ASCB Beport Bo. TB-3A), 51 pngas
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90
COST : HC $5.25/BF S3.00
TUB : 1968
TBXT : The general concept on which the 4SCZ Cosbined Saver Separation Project
is based involves the discharge of cosainuted -or ground sewage from
buildinge and/or building coaplexes, ,tia relatively ssall pressure
tubing, into sew pressure sanitary sewers. The new pressure sanitary
sewers would discharge into existing interceptors that would convey the
sanitary sewage to treataant works; stors water would be conveyed in
what were formerly conbined sewers. The objectives of the project
are to deteraine the physical feasibility and lisitations of the schene
and to arrive at seasures of cost for comparison with the traditional
¦ethod of separation. (IT)
coa : itis
ROC# : L000425 »
AUTHOR: waller, O.B.
1PPIL : kaerican society of Civil Engineers, Hew York
TITLE : lon-Hechanical considerations involved in Isplesenting pressurised
Sewerage Systeas
SOOBCB: ITIS Report Bo. PB-186 008 (1SCE Report Ho. TH-12), 30 pages
COS* I HC $«.SO/BP S3.00
TB&R t 1968
TBXT * The general concept involves the discharge of comminuted or ground
sewage froa buldiags and/or building coaplexes, via relatively saall
pressure tubing, into new pressur» sanitary sewers. The new pressure
sanitary sewers would discharge into existing interceiptors that would
convey the snaitary sewage to treatment works; stors water would be
conveyed in what were forserly coabined sewers. The basic objectives
of the study were to deteraine the physical feasibility and liaitations
of the sytea and to arrive at aeasures of cost for coaparison with the
traditional aethod of separation for evaluation of investment feasibili-
ty. (IT)
COB : BTIS
ICC# t 1000126 *
ROTHOB: Bailer, D.H.
iFPIL J American Society of Civil engineers. Bew fork
TITLE : an Bxaaination of the Benefits and Disadvantages with Respect to the
Disposal of Solid Bastes
SOURCE: BTIS Report Bo. PB-186 006 USCE Report Bo. TH-10), 55 pages
COST : HC IS.25/BP S3.00
TUB : 1966
TB1T : The BSCS Project concept envisions the installation of new systess of
pressure sanitary sewers as a aetbod of diverting sanitary sewage froa
existing combined sewers. The possibility of obtaining synergistic
benefits by adapting the project schese to the disposal of solid wastes
was recognised early in the project progran. The purpose of this
¦eaorandua is to exaaine considerations that are iaportant to an evalua-
tion of the feasibility and benefits of adapting the project schene to
solid wastes disposal. Host of these considerations apply to any systen
of sanitary sewers. Considerations coaaon to both open channel and
pressure sanitary sewers are discussed first, followed by an exaaination
of considerations peculiar to adaptation of the project schene to the
disposal of sclid wastes. Ruch of the discussion herein is speculative -
* review of possibilities that depend on the results of needed research
regarding the behavior of solid wastes in sewers and treatsent plants
and on the developnent of suitable devices and processes for handling
»°lid wastes in sewage disposal systess. (BT)
COR s BTIS
ICC* : L000427 •
MRBOBi Bailer, R.; Ballory, C.B.
lPPll S Hittsan associates. Inc., Columbia, HD
!	study, lacuna Sewage collection
SOURCE: BTIS Report Bo. 1D-7M 339 (BIT-510), 11* pages
COST s HC S6.SO/HP S3.00
1MB s 1971
TBXT : in effectiveness/cost conparison was aade between gravity sewer systeas
and vacuua sewer systeas for use in Bavy advanced bases. The vacuun
systess considered vers single pipe systen where vacuus toilets are
connected directly to a vacuua saver vhile the resaining vastes drain
by gravity to a building vacuus valve which interconnects to the vacuus
sever; dual pipe systea in which the wastes froa vacuua toilets are
conveyed in a separate vacuus sewer froa the other vastes; and conbined
systen where conventional fixtures are used and all wastes drain to a
building vacuus valve and then are transported in a vacuus sever.
Designs and layouts were prepared for both gravity and vacuas sewer
systems for the Base base configurations and other design conditions.
(BT)
COB : BTIS
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91
ICC# : L000428 *
I0TH0B: Waltz, J.P.
IFFIL : Colorado State University, Departaent of Earth Besources, Port Collins,
CO
TITLE : I Systea for 6eologic Evaluation of Pollution Potential at Bountain
Dwelling Sites
SOOBCB: HTIS Beport Bo. PB-2H0 810/2ST, 63 pages
COST s HC $5.25/HP S3.00
YEIB : 1975
TEXT : Devalopaent of aountain hoaesites is accelerating in the Bocky Bountains
of central Colorado. These hoaesites often reguira individual water veil
and sewage disposal systeas. Unfortunately, the widely used septic
tack-leach field systeas generally is not suited for use in the aoun-
tainous terrain where soils are thin or sissing. Ilthough current
federal regulations call for six feet or sore of soil at the leach
field site, nany of the individual sewage disposal systeas now in
operation in the Bocky Bountain Kegion of Colorado fall to aeet this
reguireeent. Sewage effluent at these sites say directly enter bedrock
fractures and travel large distances without being purified. Is a
conseguence, contamination of streaas, lakes, and groundwater fros these
aalfunctioning leach fields has becoae a problea of increasing Mag-
nitude. Investigations of geologic, topographic, and hydrologic condi-
tions at over 100 hoaesites in the locky Bountains of north central
Colorado have resulted in the development of objective criteria for
evaluating pollution potential at aountain hoaesites. (BT)
COB : BTIS
ICC# : 1000*29 *
IOTHOB: Wang, L.K.
IFFIL : Calspan Corp., Environmental Systeas Departaent, Buffalo, BT
TITLE t Investigation of Methods for Deteraining Optiaua Powdered Carbon and
Polyelectrolyte Dosages in Bilitary Wastewater Treatment Systeas
SOOBCB: BTIS Beport Bo. ID-773 633/3 (CILSPIB-BD-296-rH-S), 126 pages
COST : HC S10.50/BF $3.00
TBIB : 1973
TEXT : Physical and cheacal characteristics of wastewaters generated by typical
field laundries, showers, and kitchens were coapiled. Previous in-
vestigations of the use of carbon and polyaers in the treataent of
wastewaters with characteristics siailar to those generated at ailitary
bases were surveyed and assessed. Laboratory investigations were con-
ducted to optinise the controlling paraaeters of a wastewater treataent
systea involving powdered carbon adsorption, polyner coagulation and
diatoaite filtration. The aechanisas of the treataent systea were
also researched and presented. Analytical studies were conducted to
develop the nethods and a field test kit necessary for deteraining the
nature and concentration of pollutants likely to be present in wastewate
generated at field laundries, showers, and kitchens. (BT)
COW : WTIS
ICC* : L000430 *
IOTHOB: ward, J.C.
1FPIL : Colorado State Oniversity, Environaental Besources Center, Port Collins,
CO
TITLE : Evaporation of Wastewater fron Bountain Cabins
SOOBCE: BTIS Beport Wo. PB-266 712/9ST, 1*3 pages
COST s HC $7.25/HF $3.00
YEIB : 1977
TEXT : Presented are the results of a study of wastewater evaporation and a
coaparison of this technigue with other alternatives for the disposal
of wastewater froa second hones located in aountainous areas. The
wastewater evaporation unit is covered with a transparent (to solar
radiation) precipitation interceptor that also serves to reduce long
wave radiation heat losses. Several ezperisental and one full-scale
wastewater evaporator were installed at tear elevations ranging froa
5,200 to 10,665 feet. These units were observed for a period of three
years. Following this observational period, the axperiaental data were
analysed to obtain design and cost data as a function of elevation,
latitude, and longitude, inalysis of the experiaental data showed that
wastewater evaporation is a technical and econoaically viable alter-
native for elevations up to about 11,000 or 12,000 feet in Colorado.(WT)
COB : WTIS
ICC# : L000431 *
1UTH0B: Watson, W.B.
IFFIL : wational Besearch Council of Canada, Div. of Bldg. Besearch, Ottawa,
Canada
TITLE : opening Dnserviced Lots to Building by Ose of Septic Tank
SOUBCES WTIS Beport wo. 10-675 354 (Wational Besearch Council's Beport wo.
HW-27), 6 pages
cost : hc tn.oo/nr $3.00
1BIB : 1966
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92
MX*
co* :
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SOUBCE:
COST J
1111 t
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COB :
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SOORCBt
COST :
TBiB :
TBXT S
COB ;
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IFF II t
titib »
S-VJlCIl
COST J
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TBI* »
COB i
ICC# t
ftOTBORt
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tztib t
SOOBCBj
COST J
mi t
TBI* j
Tkt Taint, con»traction, aaintenaace, and operation of septic tanks in
liolittl araas an diacaaaad, along with problaaa and hatarda. (II)
BTIS
1.000432 *
Beibel, S.R.	, , ^ „„
Robert a. Taft Sanitary Bnginaering Center, Cincinnati, OB
Septic Tanks: stadias and Parforaanca
BTIS Report Bo. PB-217 632, 15 pages
BC 84.00/BF S3.00
1954
The stadias discnssad wars aiaad primarily at unsewered urban fringe
araas. pcograss in transportation and electrification which has anablad
aodern living in fringa araas has brought aodarn living to tha Cars.
Tha coaaen syatea is a saptic tank followed by subsurface application
to tha soil by aithar shallow tranchas or daapar pits. (BT)
BTIS
L000433 *
Bank, v.D.
Bitra corporation, HcLaan, VI
t Technology tssessneat lathodology. Tolase IT. later Pollution:
bosastic Baatas		
BTIS Report Bo. PB-202 770-6 (litra Corporation's Baport Bo. BTB-6009-6)
331 pagas
BC 112.00
1971
I ganaral technology assessaent aathodology is asad to deteraine tha
iapacts of widespread use of individual hoae sewage treataeat technology
daring the 1970-1989 tiaa period. The effects of varying rates of
diffusion of this technology are analyzed in teres of selected aeasvraa
of econoaic and envirooaeatal iapact. social and lnstitational iapacts
are discussed. Tarions action options available to identified interest
groups are analysed in teras of their effect apon technology diffusion
rates and specific iapact areas. Tha noraative nature of this technology
assessaent called for the use of a dynaaic interactive nodal of the
technology diffusion process. (BT)
BTIS
100043* •
Blaneberger, J.H.T.j Bceauhey, P.H.» Orlob, 6.T.
Qaivereity of California, Sanitary Bngineerlng Besearch Lab, Berkeley,
CI
A Study of the Biological Aspects of Failure of Septic Tank Percolation
Systens
BTIS Beport Bo. PB-180 500, 85 pages
BC S6.00/BF 13.00
1958
Besalta of extensive research in the recharge of groandwatars with
sewage, and on the underground travel of pollution, aade by the Sanitary
Bngineerlng Beaearch laboratory of the Oaiversity of California, suggest
that biological pheaoaena are the cause of failure of percolation fields
involving soils which would, by the ordinary percolation testa, be
judged to be well suited to receive septic tank affluents. The principal
purpose of the investigation, therefore, is to deteraine the effect of
organic loading on percolation fields, particularly seepage pits, and
the Banner in which it My place on the soil limitations not discernable
Sthe aetbods coaaonly used In judging soil suitability. Specific
jectlves of the investigation inclade: deterainatioa of the factors
Which govern the clogging of peraaable soils of various characteristics
under lnternittent dosing with septic tank efflaeatst observation of the
effecta of oxygon depletion in soil on the growth of soil sliaes, ro-
utine of organic loading and soil characteristics to the rate of soil
clogging, exploration of procedures for aaintaining or restoring in-
filtrative capacity of soil-; deterainatioa of the conditions ander
which irretrievable clogging of soil oecars. (BT)
BTIS
l««t»35 •
flnaeberger, J.B.T.j Bcaauhey, p.i.
Oniveraity of California, Saaitary Bnglnaerlng Besearch Lab, Berkeley,
Ci
1 Study of Bethods of Preventing Fnilure of Septic-Tank Percolation
Malta
BUS Beport Bo. PB-180 *99 (Oaiversity of California Baport Bo. SBBl-
65-16), 58 pages
RC SS.25/BF 83.00
1965
The overall purpose of the investigation was to discover the basic
°' failure of aeptic-tank percolation, or leachag, systaas and
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93
to provide information ueunr; to foraulat* design criteria and
operational aeasures which Bight preclude such failure or forestall it
for a considerable period of rears. (ITT)
co* t mis
ACC* t 1000436 *
AUTHOR: Rinneberger, J.B.T.; Lee, P.; Klein, 3.*.; Bcaauhey, p.H.
AFFIL ; university of California, sanitary Engineering Research Lab, Berkeley,
CA
TITLE : Biological Aspects of Failure of Septic-Tank Percolation Systeas
SOURCE: RTIS Report Ho. PB-180 501, 133 pages
COST : HC $7.25/11F S3.00
TEAS : 1960
TEXT : The investigation was designed to determine the effects of organic and
hydraulic loadings on percolation systeas and to discover the phenonena
which say place on the soil liaitations not discernible by the sethods
coaaonly used in designing a percolation systes. Specific objectives of
the investigation included: deteraination of the factors which govern
the clogging of peraeable soils of varioas characteristics ander inter-
nittent dosing with septic tank effluents; observation of the effects
of aerobic and anaerobic conditions in the soil on the growth of slises;
relating organic loading and soil characteristics to the rate of soil
cloggingt exploration of procedures for aaintaining or restoring in-
filtrative capacity of sollst deteraination of the conditions ander
which irretrievable clogging of soil occars. (BY)
COR t RTIS
ACC# : 1000*37 *
AUTHOR: Rithee, c.c.
AFFIL s University of California, Dept. of civil » Bnvironaental Bag., Boalder,
CO
TITLE : segregation and Reclaaation of Household Rastewater at an Individual
Residence
SOURCE: RTIS Report Ro. PB-268 810/9ST, 309 pages
COST t HC 111.75/HF S3.00
TEAR t 1975
TEXT : Disposal of wastewater froa Isolated hoses in aoaatalsous and rnral
locations in Colorado presents unlgu* and difficult probleee. The par-
pose of the stndy was to evaluate the flow and pollution patterns fros
individual hoses and to evaluate existng and potential treatment
nethods. Field evaluation of horn	flow and pollntlocal
characteristics was accoaplished. Data for individual fixtures and
appliances were obtained with aeasureaeat of aaay pollutional para-
aeteca. A brief evaluation of the hoae treataent aethods was accoa-
pliahed. laboratory bench scale studies were aade to evaluate aethods
for treataent of the soap-related wastes in the hoae for reuse as
toilet flashing water. (RT)
cor : RTIS
ACC* : L000438 *
AUTHOR: Bright, B.D.; York, S.B., III; Bill, R.H.t BcKnight, J.S.
AFFIX » Research Triangle Xnst., Applied Ecology Dept., Research Triangle Park,
RC
TITLE < Study of criais utilisation of Lag* shelter Space
SOURCES RTXS Report Ro. AD-A046 061/8ST, 130 pages
COST I BC S7.2S/BP $3.00
TSAR X 1977
TEXT : This study consisted of an investigation into the options available
for utilising large, special facilities such as tunnels, govetnaent
installations, and large industrial buildings for nuclear fallout
shelters in CBP host areas. Technical consideration was given to the
provision of lightag, ventilation, water asd sanitary systeas for large
groups of people, this task was aecoapllshsd by tlfst eatabliah&ABfcb*
•xistlag availability of theoe Mr«iaaa t»< then identifying nm of
augmenting the existing services* An lav*a*if«tion was nami TIT of
the possibilities of suitable close-in shelter for kw nor Jeer a. All ot
the analyses were aade using exlstiag data already collected, and
exaaple probleas are included as an appendix. (RT)
COR i RTIS
ACC* I L000439 •
AUTHOR: Large, D.>.
AFFIL t Bcoaoaic Research service. Hashingtoe, B.C.
TITLE t Land Application of Bastewater and state Bator Lawt in Overview (Voluae
SOURCE: RTIS Report Bo. FB-277 120/2ST, 71 pages
COST I BC SS.25/BF $3.00
TEAR I 1977
TEXT t This research project analyses the state water rights law la order to
detarnlne its possible lapact on sytens of land application of waste-
water. It was deteraiaed that aost states do not have regulations
specifically controlling land application of wastewater, aai that
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94
COB
analysis would have to be undertaken of basic state water lav principles
which, for the aost part, hare been developed with entirely different
uses of water in sind. For the nost part, state water rights law was
found to contain enough flexiblity through its esphasis on encouraging
"reasonable" uses of water, to enable land application systeas to
operate free fros legal uncertainty. (IT)
: BTIS
ICC# :
iotbob:
mil :
TITLB :
SOOBCE:
COST l
mi
TRl
con
ICC*
IOTBOB
iffil
TITLB
SOOBCB
COST
TBIB
TIIT
CO* 1
ICC*
I0TH0B3
iffil i
TITLB :
SOOBCB:
TBIB
TBZT i
COB
ICC# :
IOTBOB:
IFFIL :
TITLB S
SOOBCB:
TBIB :
TBXT :
L000440 *
Tucker, L.S.
laerican Society of Civil Engineers, Mew York
Hydraulics of a Pressurized Sewerage Systes and Ose of Centrifugal
Pusps
BTIS Beport Bo. PB-186 012 (ISCB Beport Bo. TB-6|, 11 pages
HC St.50/HP S3.00
1967
The ISCB Combined Sewer Separation Project is supported by Contract
Busber 14-12-29 with the Federal later Pollution Control Idninistration.
Task 4 of the contract relates to feasibility studies of hypothetical
pressure sewerage systess. This technical nesorandus is one of the
reference background inputs for the three systen studies under Task 4,
cowering the general hydraulic reguireaents for both street sewers
and puspibg fros larger buildings. (BT)
BTIS
L000441 *
Tucker, L.S.
laericiu Society of civil Engineers, Bew lork
Sewage Flow Variations in Individual Hoses
BTIS Beport Bo. PB-15 996 (ISCB Beport Bo. TH-2), 78 pages
HC S6.00/HF S3.00
1967
The general concept for separation of conbined sewerage systess involves
discharging conninuted or ground sewage fros individual buildings and/or
building complexes through relatively ssall pressure tubing laid in
existing building connections, and thence into new pressure conduits
suspended in existing street sewers. The new separate sanitary sewage
pressure conduits would then discharge into existing interceptors that
would convey the sanitary sewage to treatsent works. Store water alone
would be carried in what were fornerly conbined sewers. The eost'con-
parable alternative to seet the sane objective is traditional, conplete
separation by seans of new sanitary sewers and attendant separate
sanitary and drainage building connections. (BT)
BTIS
L000442
Sikora, L.J.; Converse, J.c.; Keeney, D.B.; Chen, B.C.
Oniversity of lisconsin, Hadison, »I
Field Evaluation of a Denitrification Systes
Proceedings of the Second national Hone Sewage Treatsent Synposius;
1977; ISIB Publication 5-77} pp. 202-207
1977
The use of a denitrification tank packed wth linestone nedius for
treating nitrified septic tank effluent was tested. Bitrate reaoval
rates were found to be over 80 percent during 24- and 12-hour retention
tines. Hethanol was added as an energy source. The systes was operated
for two years in the laboratory, and the pilot plant evaluations were
perforned for seven souths. Tabulated results of nitrate reaoval and
•chesatic diagrass of the denitrification systes are included. (SBF)
laerican Society of Igricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Boad
St. Joseph, HI 49085
L000443
; Kornank, B.I.; Cravens, J.B.
Envirex Inc., a Bexnord Cospany, Hilwaukee, VI
Benove tlgae through Hicroscreening
Hater and Bastes Engineering, 15(11): 72-74
1978
The use of a one-aicron polyester sicroscreening unit to renove algae
fron lagoon effluent proved to be cost effective. The unit resoved
substantial asounts of BOD associated with suspended solids and algae.
It Is designed to inprove lagoon effluent that does not seet the 30/30
(BOD/SS) linits. The nicroscreen can structurally withstand up to two
feet in headloss and has a backwash systes which includes chlorine
addition. Chlorination for sliae control is possible because the nicro-
screen is polyester and not stainless steel. Perfornance is not affected
by chlorination. I pre-coat of algae entraps Chorella species which are
predosinant in ponds and which seasure less than one nicron in size.
(SHF)
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95
ICC* : L000444
AOTHOB: BcGiapsey, ».J.
AFFIL : O'Brien S 6eer Engineers, Inc., Syracuse, IT
TITLE : Are Belaxed Lagoon Standards too Belaxed?
SODBCB: Rater and Bastes Engineering, 15(8): 44-48
YBAB : 1978
TBZT : Tests show that efficient solid* reaoval systeas ara available to pro-
duce a consistent secondary effluent without sacrificing tha simplicity
of lagoons. Prasant lagoon-type wastewater systass have not sat tha
fadaral sacondary traataant standards because of their inability to
consistently seet the suspended solids liaitation. Algae in the effluent
during wara aonths is the aajor cause of inconsistency. Pilot and fall-
scale tests with inclined plate separators and rotary drua aicrostainers
were performed. Both proved to be cost-effective as long as controlled
polymer addition, for algal coagulation, was included in the aicro-
straining unit. Beaoval results are included. (SWF)
ACC# : L000445
AOTBOB: Jacobson, A.B.
AFFIL : Illinois State Dniversity, College of Applied Science S Technology
TITLB : wastewater Lagoon as an Irrigation source
SOOBCE: Public Works, 109(9): 140
YBAB : 1978
TBXT : Crop irrigation is supplesented by a city's waste stabilization lagoon
in Vandalia, Bissouri (Population 3,200). Only doaestic sewage without
cheaical additives enters the lagoon. Crop production has increased
and the city maintains sero outflow. The 18-acre lagoon has ainiaal
operation and aaintenance costs. (S*F)
ACC* : L000446
AOTBOB: Golaecke, C.
AFFIL : B/A
TITLB : Bural Wastewater Disposal Alternatives
SODBCB: Coapost science, 19(3): 28
TBAB : 1978
TBZT : Discusses a report, "Bural Wastewater Disposal Alternatives", directed
by the California State later Besources Control Board. The study was
initiated because of California1s need to deal with the problea of on-
site wastewater treataent. Three basic needs were found: 1) indentify
and evaluate new on-site alternatives; 2) iaprove understanding of
behavior and performance of traditional on-site systeas; and 3) develop
better public aanageaent methods to handle the operation of such
systeas. The key points are that on-site systeas are not self-operating
at all tiaes; they require regular care, and the effluent quality is
dependent on that care. (SBF)
COB : Office of Public affairs
State Water Besources Control Board
P.O. Box 100
Sacraaento, CA 95801
ACC# : L000447
AOTBOB: Brewer, B.C.; Lucas, J.; Prascak, 6.
1FFIL : fright State University, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Dayton, OB
TITLB : in Evaluation of the Performance of Bousehold Aerobic Sewage Treataent
Units
SODBCB: Journal of Environmental Bealth, 41(2): 82-84
YBAB : 1978
TBZT : Study involving 54 on-site aerobic wastewater systems in Ohio has
evaluated the aechanical and component operation and the relationship
of operation to treated effluent quality. On-site inspection determimed
that 33 percent of the units aalfunctioned and exhibited poor effluent
quality. Eight parameters were used to characterise the effluent, in
all cases the cause of poor quality effluent was equated to inoperative
or aalfunctioning equipment. Besnlts indicate that properly maintained
equipaent produces an acceptable effluent and that a performance survey
is needed on a regular basis. (SBF)
ICC* : L000448
AOTBOB: Hutzler, B.J.; Baldorf, L.B.; Fancy, J.
AFFIL : Appalachian Begional Commission, Washington, D.C.
TITLE : Peforaance of Aerobic Treatment Onits
SOOBCE: Proceedings of the second Bational Borne sewage Treataent Syaposiua;
1977j ASAE Publication 5-77; pp. 149-163
TBAB : 1977
TBZT : Discusses the performance of single-faaily aerobic treatment units.
Beviews the use of the units for home wastewater disposal, outlines
their norsal performance and identifies the effluent characteristics.
Successful perforaance of the aerobic unit is dependent upon design,
installation, and operation. Proper and periodic aaintenance aust be
-------
96
assured for dependable operation. The effluent quality can be variable
because of periodic upsets, but it is generally low in solid and organic
¦atter. The cost of aerobic treataent units is tabulated. (Sir)
COI : luecican society of igricultural Engineers
2950 files Road
St. Joseph, 01 *9085
ICC* : L000449
40THOB: 1/1
m n. » i/4
TITLE : Directory of Composting Systeaa
SOURCE: Coapost Science/land Utilisation, 20(1): 22-25
mi ! 1979
TEXT : This is a directory of sose of the conposting and shredding eguipsent
systems which are currently available, lserican and European firss
that include this eguipsent asong their products are alphabetically
listed. Each listing is accompanied by a short descriptive paragraph
aad the aanufacturer»s address. l brief list of composting consultants
is included. (SV)
ICC# t L000«S0
IOTHOR: Fay, S.C.; Leonard, I.E.
lFFIL : northeastern Forest Bzperiaent station, Durhaa, IH
TITLE : Coaposting Privy wastes at Recreation Sites
SOURCE: Coapost Science/Land utilisation, 20(1): 36-39
TEAR : 1979
TEXT : in inexpensive systea for aanaging privy wastes at reaote shelter sites
toan developed by the O.S. Forest Service** lortheastera Forest
Xxperisent Station at Durhaa, IB. The Bin Cosposter, a 24 cubic foot
fiberglass-coated, solar heated box fitted with aeration tubes was built
at a total cost of 9100. Buaan waste is collected in a leak-proof
eottilncr placed below a conventional privy seat, and is periodically
transferred to the bin where it is cosbined with hardwood bark. After
two weeks of coaposting, the product can be disposed of on the forest
floor. Design criteria, maintenance procedures and conditions necessary
for the destruction of huaan pathogens are described. (SWF)
ICC# i L000451
IOTHOR: siegrist, r.l.
1	Scale Waste Hanageaent Project, University of Wisconsin, Hadison,
22SL*	Segregation to Facilitate Onsite Wastewater Disposal ilternatives
source: Proceedings of the second Rational Bone Sewage Treatment symposium;
TRIE : 1977'	"Mention 5-77} pp. 271-281
TEXT : Segregated wastewater characteristics and treataent strategies are
1 year-long laboratory study found that a four cubic eater
flallona) septic tank was sore effective than a two cubic meter
(500 gallons) tank in reduction of BOD-5 and COD in greywater. Sand
filters receiving greywater operated twice as long aad reaoved 1*0
Patcent more BOD-5 and 60 perceat aore suspended solids than filters
receiving combined wastewater. (SWF)
1 JJJfican Society of Igricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Boad
St. Joseph, Bl 49085
ICC* : L000452
IOTHOR: Brown, B.w.j siowey, j.f.j wolf, B.W.
! U"! 1 8 ¦ 0niT*rsity, college station, TX
l The Boveaent of Salts, Butrients, Fecal Colifora and Virus Below Septic
Leach Fields in Three Soils
SOOBCB: Proceedings of the Second Rational Bone Sewage Treatment Symposium;
YBIB : 1977 4811 Pnblic«tion 5-77; pp. 208-217
**XT : The movement of contaminants through three soils was studied at Texas
a s b university. Results from lysimeter tests indicate fecal coliforas
*?*• aHainatad when passed through 100 ca. of each of the soils. Though
viruses noved rapidly through soil, lateral aoveaeat was liaited and
ao»ament below 120 cm. was rare. Beavy aetals accumulated
I. fj?	introduction point. Phosphates aad assonia moved most
rapidly through sandy soils. Large amounts of. nitrates formed in aerobic
•oils and leached rapidly into the groundwater. The field study lasted
___	laara. The soils tested were Lakeland, Borwood, and Biller. (SWF)
9	Soci*ty of Igricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Boad
St. Joseph, Bi 49085
ICC* : L000453
IOTHOR: B/i
IFFII : B/l
njilL' Oeaign Standards for Small Septic Tank Systens
SOOBCB: West Virginia Department of Bealth, Charleston, WT
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97
TUB J 1975
TBXT i Describes tto ulnlnua design, construction and Installation standards
for septic tank-soil absorption systens as established by the West
Virginia state Departsent of Bealth. Graphs and drawings are included.
(SIP)
ICC* j 100045*
IDTHOI: Brandes, n.
APPIL t Ontario Blnistry of the Environsent, Canada
TITLE s Characteristics of Bffluents fros Sray and Black later Septic Tanks
SOOBCB: Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation, 50: 25*7-2559
TBAB : 1978
7BXT : The chenical and bacteriological characteristics of septic tank
effluents fros two separate septic tanks used by one house (which used
phosphorus-free detergents) for greyvater and black (toilet) wastewater
treatnent were studied for nine sonths. The concentrations of total
phosphorus and total Kjeldahl nitrogen in the greywater septic tank
effluent were 1.4 and 11.3 sg/1 respectively, which is ten tines lower
than in the toilet wastewater septic tank effluent. However, the
average concentrations of the total and fecal coliforn organises in
effluent froe the greywater septic tank were higher than in the
effluent froe the toilet septic tank. Sludge accuaulatlon rates and
characteristics and the effect of soil filters on renoval of chenical
and bacteriological contaminants fros the septic tank effluents were
also discussed. (10)
ICC* : L000455
AOTHOB: Bahe, T.B.j Bagedorn, C.; BcCoy, B.l.j Kling, 8.P.
APPIL < Oregon State University, Corvallis, OB
TITLE i Transport of Antibiotic-resistant Ishcerichia coll Through Western
Oregon Hillslope Soils under Conditions of saturated Plow
SOOBCB: Journal of Bnvironsental Quality, 7(4): 487-493
TUB : 1978
TBXT : Pield experiments using strains of antibiotic resistant Escherichia
coli were conducted to evaluate the events which would occur when a
septic tank drainfield becane subaerged la a perched water table and
fecal bacteria were subsequently released into the groundwater. Three
separately distinguishable bacterial strains were innoculated into three
horizontal lines installed in the I, B, and C horizons of two western
Oregon hillslope soils. Transport of E. coli differed at both sites
with respect to eovenent rates, zones in the soil profiles through which
najor translocation occurred, and the relative nusbers of cells
transported over tine. The strains of E. coli survived in large nusbers
in the soils exasined for at least 9( hours and appeared to be satis-
factory as tracers of subsurface water flow. The concept of partial
displacesent (or turbulent flow through nacropores) is discussed as
an explanation of the rapid sovenent of substantial nusbers of sic-
robial cells through saturated profiles. (AO)
ACC* : 1000456
AOTBOB: B/A
APPIL : B/A
TITLE : Septic Tanks Currently Liaited for Pederal clean Water Prograa
SOOBCB: water and Sewage works, 126(4): 79-80
TBAB : 1979
TBXT : This editorial statenent cites reasons for not increasing reliance on
septic tanks. Septic tanks are often iaproperly sited and aaintained.
The contasination cf drinking water supplies has resulted fros sal-
functioning septic tanks. Bo enforcesent sechaniss exists to ensure
septic tank saintenance. Centralixed sewage facllitis could treat such
of the eight Billion pounds of BOD currently discharged into the ground-
water. (SWP)
ACC* : 1000457
AOTBOB: Krause, A.B.; Peters, 6.0.t Sebian, D.J.
APPIL : BPA Begion v, BIS Preparation section
TITLE : Wastewater Facilities Planning and Private Sewage Disposal
SOOBCB: Proceedings of Fourth Annual Illinois Private Sewage Disposal Sys-
posiunt 1979; 18 pages
IBAB : 1979
TEXT : 0.8. BPA Begion V cossissioned WAPOBA Inc. to conduct an environmental
iapact statenent' (IIS) in each of seven lakefront connunities in order
to investigate the eavironaental lspact of relying on individual on-site
or cluster wastewater systess. At that tise, each of the consunities
was in the planning stage of the construction grant process and shared
the following characteristics: involved total or partial severing of
rural lakeshores, had a substantial seasonal population, proposed
systeas were unusually expensive in teres of financial cost and en-
vironaental lspact, and had only casually considered the role of private
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98
systeas. Preliminary results indicate that alternative systaas are
significantly lass expensive to build and operate. They tend to have
lass negative human impact and should ba used wherever environaentally
and technically faasibla. (SWF)
iCC# : L000458
1UTB0H: staats, B.B.
AFPIl t 0. S. Comptroller eanaral
TITLE : Public Banagement Hakas Saptic Systaas viable
SOOBCB: Vatar and Sewage Works, 126(3): 90-91
111! : 1979
TBXT i Poor oparation and maintenance of saptic systaas ia a priaa cause
leading to thair failure. Though statas sat regulations on tha design
and construction of individual systaas, tha responsibility of operating
and maintaining the systen is up to the hose owner. In addition, local
governments have enforcement problems because of inadequately trained
sanitarians, lack of resources and political pressure. The author cites
several cases where public aanageaent of individual systems has been
established and provides an explanation of their authority. Public
management of individual systems appears to provide a vay to ensure the
proper operation and management of on-site systems. (SiP)
tCCI t 1.000*59
9A0TB0B: Conk ling. P.*.
affil : b/a
TITIB : When the Cadillac Bits the Pan
SOOBCB: Blair 6 Ketchum's country Journal, 6(4): 80-86
TUB t 1979
TBZT : Conkling describes 61enville, Heine's attempt to develop and then sur-
vive the consequences of an unfortunate equipment selection for a
centralised primary, secondary and tertiary treatment system for their
1900 residents, i strong case is provided for the need for less coaplex
alternative waste disposal technologies. After seven years and a series
of design errors and mechanical breakdowns, Bienville has a sewage
treataent system for 1000 users at a total cost of S9 million dollars.
The tertiary systes never functioned as designed and has been replaced
with a land application systen. (SIP)
ICC* j L000460
AOTBOB: Tufts, B., Jr.
APFIl : B/A
TITII s Alternative systems at Seasonable cost
SOUBCB: Blair 8 Ketchum's Country Journal, 6(4): 87
TBAB : 1979
TBXT : The legal, econoaic, technical and adsinistrative dilemmas confronting
small communities lacking acceptable wastewater systems are described.
Some relief from high-cost, energy dependent sewage treatment plants is
being provided by 1978 congressional modifications and amendments to
the Federal later Pollution Control let. Bew regulations encourage
non-structural, innovative solutions and the employment of alternative
technologies. The merits of well designed land treatment systems are
described as non-offensive, less expensive and more reliable and
tolerant than conventional centralised systess. (SWF)
ICC* : 1.000*61
AOTHOB: Sharps, l.B.
^1FFIL : Pennsylvania State Oniversity, Oniversity Park, PA
TXTIB : why Consider Water ConservationT
SOOBCB: American later Works Association Journal, 70(9): *75-479
III) J 1978
TBXT : later conservation is being promoted through legislation, regulations,
codes, ordinances and appliance standards on the local, state and
national level. As a result, water utilities will increasingly have
to deal with conservation in the future. Conservation efforts in
Gettysburg, Pa., and springettsbury Township, Pa., deaonstrated that
water and sewage utilities should coordinate their conservation and
pricing policies, later conservation increases the hydraulic life of
sewage treatment plants, limits the need for water and sewage treataent
capacity, saves money for the consumer and does not impose as much a
threat to utility revenue stability. (SlF)
ICC# : 1000*62
AOTBOB: Bice, I.B.; Shaw, L.G.
AFFIX. : Dallas Bater Utility, Dallas, TX
TITLB : latar Conservation - A Practical Approach
SOOBCB: American later lorks Association Journal, 70(9): *80-*82
TBAB : 1978
TBXT : Describes an alternative to the later Besources Council's proposed
strategy of public education and performance standards as induceaents
for water conservation. The Dallas solution uses pricing policy as the
basis for their water conservation program. The three essential aleaents
of an effective water conservation program are 1) knowledge of custoaer

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99
2) custoaar andaratanding of rat* structure and 3) custosar ability
to imit aconcaic la pact of conservation aaa auras. Dallas add ad sur-
charges for raaidantial vater service reversing tha affact of a de-
clining block structure. Pra11Binary rasalts indicate they vara success-
r decreaaing tha average raaidantial ase and peak deaands for
vatar. (SBF)
ICC# t L000463
IOTBOB: Back, I.F.
ami : Bayaond L. Good son, Jr. Inc., Dallas, TX
TITLB : Ivapotranspiration Bad Design
SOOBCB: ISCB Journal of the Environaental Bnginearing Division, 105(BB2): 411-
YB1B s 1979
TBZT : Sizing and design criteria are presented for evapotranspiration beds.
ippllcable equations are presented and explained. Operating and cliaato-
loglcal considerations are dlscassed vith respect to evapotranspiration
beds. (SBF)
ICC# : L000464
IOTBOB: Bggener, c.L.; Toalinson, B.6.
IFFIL : anchorage later and Saver utilities, lnchoraga, IK
TITLB > Teaporary lastevater Treataent in Beaote locations
SOOBCB: Journal of the later Pollution control Federation, 50(12): 2643-2656
TBIB : 1978
TBZT : Article deals with treataent of vastevater froa construction caaps in
ilaska. Treataent plants used phyaical-ckeaical treataent and were
preceded by extended aeration. Flov dlagraas, design paraaatera,
cheaical doaing data, operational probleas and regalreaents as vail as
plant aodifications are presented and fully discussed, capital, opera-
tion and saintenance costs for tha systeas ware preaeated vith an
evaluation of applicability to anall vastevater flov. (SBF)
icc# : L000465
IOTBOB: Otis, B.J.s Converse, J.C.; Carlile, B.L.; Bitty, J.B.
IFFXL i University of Bisconsin, fladison, BI
TITLB : Effluent Distribution
SOOBCB: Proceedings of tha Second Bational Boae savage Treataent syaposiua;
1977j ISIB publication 5-77| pp. 61-85
TBIB : 1977
TBXT J irtlcle revieva various aathods of affluent distribution for soil
absorption systeas including continuous ponding, dosing and raating, and
unifora applicaton vithout ponding. Soil properties are considered, and
loading rates for various soil and site conditions are included.
Discussion of distribution netvork design is supported vith a nuaber
of dlagraas and tablea. In exaaple illustrates design procedure for a
pressure distribution netvofk. (SBF)
COB : laerican Society of agricultural Engineers
2950 Biles Boad
St. Joseph, BI 49085
ICC# : L000466
IOTBOB: Leich, B.B.
— IFFXL 1 B/I
i\\ TITLB : severless Sanitation: Baglonal agency Tests aerobic Systeas
\J SOOBCB: coapost Science/Land Utilization, 19(3): 32
TBIB : 1978
TBXT : In Boyd County, Kentucky, tha appalachian Regional Coaaission has tested
four types of aerobic systeas for on-site disposal of household vaste-
vater vhere septic tanks and outhouses have proved unsatisfactory.
Besults eaphasise the need for a public sanitary district to be re-
sponsible for equipaeat operation and aaintenaace, since hoae ovners
cannot perfora these functions properly. Basalts also Indicate the aeed
for reliable on-sita aerobic agalpaant, as this vas a aajor problea
identified by the study. Bigh quality affluent vas discharged In all
cases as long aa tha eguipaent vas functioning properly. This article
is a discussion of 1000448. (SBF)
acc# : L000467
IOTBOB: aalnes, F.B.; Phillips, K.J.; Copper, B.
aFFXL : Beaton Bnvironaental consultants-Designers, Bestchester, Pa
TITLB : Design of a Septage Disposal Facility
SOOBCB: Savage Borkaa 125(12): 33
TBaB : 1979
TBXT : article diacusses tha developaent of an on-lot aanagaaent prograa for
septage, including collection of vastea (by truck) on a regularly
schsduled baais and transportation to a central treataent facility.
Four alternative septage treataent acheaes vere studied: physical-
chtaical, aerobic# iniirobic/urobic and 11m stabilization/sand bad
devataring. a table ahoving the present vorth analysis for each of the
four treatments is included. (SBF)
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100
»CCi :
AOTHOB:
AFFIL :
TITtB :
SOOBCB:
TUB :
TBXT
CO!
ICC*
kOTHOB:
inn :
TITLE >
SOOBCB:
TBAB
TBXT
COB
ICC# :
IOTHOB:
affil t
TZTIE :
SOOBCB!
TUB t
TBXT J
ICC* :
AUTHOB:
vAFFXL «
JfXTLB 5
SOOBCB:
mi :
TBXT J
to00468
«/k
California State Hater Besources Control Board, sacraaento, Ck
klternative wastewater Hanageaant Systaaa
Public Worka, 110(3): 75-76
1979
On-aite alternatives vara atadlad by tha California Sovernor'a Offica of
kppropriate Technology in 1976. On-Sita Waetevater Hanageaant Zonae vera
created in 1978 to inspect hoaa owner's ayataaa and raqoira tha bona
owner to aaka necessary rapaira. Dear charges could alao ba levied in
ordar to control overhead. In alternative ayataa vaa asaainad aa to tha
coat/banafit of using lov-praaaara aavara versus conventional gravity
aavar ayataaa. (Sir)
California Stata Batar Beaources Control Board
Offica of Public Affairs
P.O. Box 100
Sacraaanto, CA 95801
L000469
Otia, B.J.; Plava, 6.D. ; Pattaraon, D.B.
Oniversity of Biaconain, Badiaon, BI
Design of Convantioaal soil Absorption Trancbaa and Bada
Proceedings of tha sacond Rational Bona sewage rraataant syapoaina;
1977; ASAB Publicatln 5-77; pp. 86-99
1977
Article diacaaaaa various facata of aoil absorption systaaa. Tranch and
bad dasign ara discussed in dapth. Bacassary soil and aita character-
iatlca as vail aa sizing, loading and percolation paraaatara ara Hated
and davalopad in datail. Problaas associated vitb ayataa operation and
construction ara discnasad. Becoaaendationa for systaa iaproveaent are
also offarad. (SBP)
Aaerican Society of Agricultural Engineers
2950 Bilaa Boad
St. Joseph, HI 49085
1,000470
Billiaaa, T.c.
Villiaaa 8 Works, Inc.
Pond and Irrigation Sysaas Offer Econoay and rlasibility
Water and Savage worka, 122(12): 44-45
1975
Experiences in operating pond and irrigation ayataaa ara praaanted.
Saall but iaportant itaas that eight result in operation and aaintanance
probleaa are diacussed. The flexibility of Irrigation aystaaa are
briefly exaalned. (SWF)
L000471
Bicolle, B.P.
¦/*
Bxperiencea in Operating Saall Package-Type Sevage-Treataent Onita
Water Pollution Control, Paper Bo. 7, Part I, 1978, pp. 112-115
1978
Operation and aaintanance probleas that arise in saall coaaunity waste-
vater treataant facilitiea ara diacuased. The aajority of probleaa ara
caused by clogging because of a lack of regular and coaplete cleaning
of acreens, filters and weirs. (SWF)
ACC* : L000472
kOTHOB: Ohlaann, I.
AFFIL t Sektion Waaaarveaen, Technische Oniveraitat, DOB 8027 Oreaden, 6DB
TITLE : BOO Baaoval Batea of Waste Stabilisation Ponda aa a Function of Loading,
Betention Tiae, Teaperature and Hydraulic Flov Pattern
SOOBCEs Water Besearch, 13(2): 193-200
TB1B : 1979
TBXT : This atudy evaluates the influence of loading, detention tiae and tea-
parature on the first order BOD reaoval coefficient K-1. Buaerical
valaaa of K-1 ara derived froa aeai-continuoua-flow laboratory unite
of sewage ponds and introduced into the design foraula for a aulti-ataga
continuous flow reactor. There waa a good correlation (r*0.92) between
the coaputed BOD reaoval rataa and tha eapirlcal reaulta obtained froa
three large-scale aulti-stage pond systaas. (ko)
IOC* : 1000473
kOTHOB: Stutx-icDonald, S.E.; williaason, K.J.
AFFIX » Oregon State Oniversity, Corvallia, OB
TITLE : Settling Batea of Algae froa wastewater Lagoona
SOOBCB: ASCE Journal of the Bnvironaental Engineering Diviaion, 105(BE2): 273-
282)
TBAB : 1979
TBXT t Bock filters can ba uaad to raaove algal accuaulationa in aerobic
lagoon effluent. Discusses research to dateraine the aignificance of
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101
ICC# :
iOTHOB:
trni t
TITLE :
SOOBCE:
mi :
TEXT :
»cc» :
ftOTBOB:
IFFIL :
TITIB :
SOOBCE:
mi :
text :
v»rlo«a factors on the gravitational settling of common algal species,
tr *a*	that the settling rata* vary between species and ara in-
fluenced by teaperature. {SWT)
ICC* : L000474
kOTHOB: Taylor, J.H.; Sikora, L.J.; T*it*t, C.F.: Parr, J.r.
1FFIL s IBS OSDl, Beltaville, hd
TITLB : Decoapoaition of Sewage Sludge Coapoat in Soils II. Phoaphorus and
sulfur Transfornations
SOOBCE: Journal of Environaental Quality. 7(1): 119-123
YB*B : 1978
TEXT : Ondigeated, liae-atabilized aewage aludga waa aixed with three types of
Baryland soil by ths Beltaville lerated Pile Bethod. The aixture waa
cobposted and tested for phsophate and sulfate aineraliaation. It was
found that the coapoated aaterial had increaaed water holding capacitiea
along with increaaed levels of extractable phosphorus and sulfur-bearing
compounds. It was postulated that this coaposted aaterial could be used
to correct phosphorus or sulfur-deficient soils. (SWF)
1000475
Qaaia, S.B.; Shah, k.K.
University of Texas, Dept. of Civil Engineering, krlington, TX
Cost fcnalysis of Package Waetewater Treataant Plants
water and Sewage Borks, 122(2): 67-69
1975
A survey of aanufacturers of wastewater treataent plants was conducted
to deteraine the cost of package plants. Process aodification, size and
capacity variations, and total unit costs for package plants are ex-
plained. Charts and saapls probleaa are used to show how to estiaate the
coat of an individual package plant, based on plant capacity. (SWF)
1.000476
Hillard, B.H.
Billians t Borks, Inc.
Operating Snail Water and Sewer Systess
water and Sewage works, 122(2): 60-63
1975
Diseusses operation and saintenance of wastewater and water systeaa.
Stresses the operational reguireaents of wastewater systeaa, such as:
keeping repair aanuals, plans for the sewage systen, keeping records of
coaplainta, developaent and uae of a aaintenance checklist, and the
iaportance of aaking regular reports to the governing body. I saapls
aaintenance checklist for lift atations and a aaaple operator* a report
are included. (SWF)
»CC« : 1000477
IOTHOB: saxton, 6.B.; zeneaki, J.H.
IFFII : knderson-Bichols 6 Co., Inc., Boston, Hi
TITLE : Prediction of Septic-Systea Failures
SOOBCE: ftSCE Journal of the Environaental Engineering Division, 105(E83): 503-
509
IE*B : 1979
TEXT : To conduct a cost-effective analysis for on-site wastewater disposal
systeas, a coaputer aodel was developed to predict the nuaber and
teaporal distribution of single-fanily residential septic tank failures.
The aodel can predict failurea for the next 20 yeara and can be used as
input for value and econoaic assessaents, estiaating sanitarian work
loads, and predicting water quality. (SWF)
kCC# : 1000478
MITHOB: Wilson, 6.E.; Huang, J.I.e.; Tchobanoglous, 6.; Wheeler, 6.
kFFIL : Buteck, Inc., Process Developaent and Engineering, Sacraaento, Ci
TITLE : Banaged on-site Disposal la Onseweced Areas
SOOBCE: kSCE Journal of the Environaental Engineering Diviaion, 105(BE3)» 583-
596
TE1B : 1979
TEXT : Objective coat-effectiveneaa evaluations of on-aite diapoaal ayateas
for waatewater aanageaent are difficult becauae of the absence of in-
foraation on operational reliability and treataent peforaance. In
addition, liaitations are iaposed on these systeaa by aite-apecific.
geological and hydrological conditions. I case study illustrates
the procedures for cost-effectiveness evaluation of on-site disposal
systeas. Based on cheaical and bacteriological paraaeters aonitored,
properly deaigned and aaintained on-site disposal aysteas are adequate
in aeating the water quality criteria established. Therefore, a well
Banaged on-site disposal systea would provide a feasible wastewater
aanageaent alternative in unsewered areas. (SWF)
ICC* :	L000479
10TB0R:	Irvine, B.L.j Biller, e.t Bhaarah, l.s.
»FFIL :	Oniveraity of Botre Daae, IB
TITLB :	Sequencing Batch Treataent of wastewatera in Bural treaa
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102
SOOBCE: Journal of the Water Foliation Control Federation, 51(2): 244-254
TE1B : 1979
TEXT : This paper discusses a low-cost treatment systes that does not allow
algae growth and satisfies effluent limitations expected in 1983 on
BOD-5, suspended solids, ammonia, and, if possible, nitrate. The batch
systes selected was a single tank with a minimum sized liquor suspended
solids concentration of approximately 1,500 mg/1. The bench-scale batch
tanks experiments set BOD-S, suspended solids, and assonia limitations
over a wide range of temperatures with crude tank sizing and little or
no sophistication of operation. Denitrification, however, rego ires care-
ful tank sizing and control of mixing and aeration and appears to depend
strongly on the soluble fraction of the BOD-5 in the waste. (SWF)
ICC* : 1000480
10TBOB: Bowles, D.S.; Biddlebrooks, E.J.; Beynolds, J.B.
AFFXL : Otah State Oniversity, Logan, OT
TITLE : Coliform Decay Bates in Baste Stablization Ponds
SOOBCE: Journal of the Hater Pollution Control Federation, 51(1): 87-99
1MB : 1979
TBXT : k mathematical model was applied to obtain valuta for the first-order
fecal coliform decay rate in two northeastern Otah wastewater stabiliza-
tion lagoon systems under summer and winter conditions. Flow within the
lagoon systems was represented by a simple plug-flow submodel cali-
brated with results from dye studies. Inter-pond flows were estimated
with an interactive flow-balance scheme. Effective volumes in the ponds
were adjusted until retention tines matched those obtained fros dye
studies. Values for the decay rates obtained by calibration of the
model to the lagoon systems are 0.50/d for summer conditions and 0.03/d
during the winter period. Carves are presented for use in design and
operation of waste stabilization lagoons in locations climatically
similar to northeastern Otah, to satisfy given effluent colifors dis-
charge standards without disinfection. (10)
ICC# :
AOTHOB:
mn :
TITLE :
SOOBCE:
TUB :
TEXT :
ICC# :
10TBOB:
IFFIl :
TITLE :
SOOBCE:
TUB
TBXT s
ICC* :
I0THOB:
IFFIL :
TITLE :
SOOBCE:
TUB
TEXT :
L000481
Goronszy, B.C.
State Foliation Control Commission, Sydney, fcustralia
Intermittent Operation of the Extended Aeration Process for Small
Systems
Journal of the Bater pollution Control Federation, 51(2): 274-287
1979
Principles and details of single-vessel treatment of wastes asing the
intermittently operated extended-aeration variant of the activated
sladge process are presented. In this system the special arrangesent
of anit operations and processes of continuous conventional treatment
ace incorporated into a program or cycle of timed sequences whereby a
single vessel is operated alternately as an aeration and as a settlement
vessel. Final effluent is discharged by means of a moving weir, with no
interruption to the inflow to the vessel. Inlet and outlet arrangements
are positioned to prevent bypassing of untreated wastewater. The rate
of affluent withdrawal is detersined so that settled solids are not
entrained. Aeration is by diffused or sechanical aeans. The system is
most suited to the treatsent of widely fluctuating loads normally
associated with small-scale treatment. Both shallow ring shape and
deeper rectangular vessel configurations are described. (10)
L000482
Flanigan, L.J.; Cadnik, C.1.
Bitttll* Laboratories, Columbas, OB
Pressure Sewer Systes Design
¦*ter and Sewage Borks, Beference lumber, 1979, pp. B-25-B-34, B-87
1979
*14* for proper selection of parameter values affecting the operation
of a pressure sewer system and guidelines for pump selection are pre-
¦•nted. Suggested design flow tables and pump selection figures are
included. (SWF)
L000483
Biedringhaus, l.
Barren s Tan Praag, St. Lonis, BO
Bom* in on Wastewater Treatment
Water and Wastes Engineering, 16(6): 32-34
1979
Inexpensive home computers can benefit operators of small wastewater
treatment facilities by performing complicated calculations, storing
maintenance information, and extending the knowledge of the operator.
ICC# :	L000484
MJTHOB: Landine, B.C.; viraraghavan, T.
IFFIL :	&DI Limited, Fredricton, Bew Brunswick, Canada
TITLE :	Lagoon iterator - lot Just a Fair Beather Friend
SOOBCE:	Water and wastes Engineering 16(6): 28-29
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103
YEAR : 1919
TBXT : Lagoon aerator with submersible aotor makes aeration possible in cold
weather without freezing the aachanisa. Tabulated raaalta from the use
of the device at six Canadian locations are presented. (sir|
ACC* : L000485
AUTHOB: Ben earn, B.B., Jr.
AFFIL : Virginia Polytechnic Institute and state University, Blacksburg, TA
TITLE : Changes in Concentrations of Selected Cheaical Pollutants in Ret, Tile-
drained Soil Systess as Influenced by Disposal of Septic Tank Effluents
SOUBCE: Journal of Environmental Quality 8(2): 189-196
YEAB : 1979
TBXT : The relationship between soil properties, distance traveled, and season-
al variation and the changes undergone by chesicals after leaving the
septic tank were investigated. Besults indicate cheaical concentrations
were lowered to acceptable levels by the tiae effluent was intercepted
by the tile drains. (SWF)
ICC* : L000486
AUTHOR: reaches, B.
AFPIL : university of Birsinghaa, Dept. of Civil Engineering
TITLE : Appropriate Sanitation
SOUBCE: lew Scientist, January 8, 1976, pp. 68-69
TEAR : 1976
TBXT : With only 28 percent of urban dwellers in developing countries served
by waterborne sewerage, the greatest environaental health problea is
the treatment and disposal of excreta and refuse froa high-density,
low-incoae coaaunities. Five drawbacks of water borne sewerage are high
cost, high consusption of water, complex construction, condemnation of
land required for sewer laying and susceptibility to blockage. The
World Health Organisation does not appear to be sensitive to the real
problems of developing countries. Besearch and development of low-cost
alternatives to waterborne sewerage are desperately needed. (SWF)
ACC* » L000187
AUTHOR: Ayars, J.E.; Brodie, H.L.j Holtan, H.I.
AFFIL : University of Maryland, College Park, HP
TITLE : A Haw Concept for Besidential tastewater Disposal
SOUBCE: 1978 Annual Heeting of Horth Atlantic Begion, American Society of
Agricultural Bngineers, Paper >o. HA78-212, 18 pages
IBAB : 1978
TEXT : Investigates the potential for disposal of pretreated wastewater in
suburban areas with a subsurface land applicaion system (DOSST). The
wastewater is returned to lawns, parks and other grassy areas according
to the capacity of each soil type to absorb it. A watershed hydrology
model was usad to calculate the effects of disposal on runoff and soil
moisture status, and on the effects of drainage, evapotranspiration and
evaporation on disposal capacity. Four hypothetical soil types and
depths of drain tile placement were used. Besults indicate the systea
has potential for light textured soils. Beneficial effects and research
needs are identified. (SRF)
CO* : American Society of Agricultural Engineers
P.O. Box 110
St. Joseph, HI 49085
ACC* : L000488
AUTHOB: Hopkins, G.J.; Reel, J.K.
AFFIL : Department of Health, Education, and Halfare, Kansas City, HO
TITLB : Baw Sewage Lagoons in the Hidwest
207
TBAB : 1956
TEXT : A discussion of lagoons in aidwestern states, circa 1956. Basic design,
costs, maintenance, operation, performance and application concerning
lagoons are included. A listing of raw sewage lagoons in the Hissouri
basin is included. (SRF
ACCt : LOOOH89
AUTHOB: Bilau-Adams, B.; O'Brien, J.
AFFIL t national Center for Appropriate Technology, Butte, RT
TITLE : Alternative Waste Systems, Bibliography
SOUBCE: Rational Center for Appropriate Technology
TBAB : 1978	....
TEXT : An annotated bibliography of 32 books, paaphlets, periodical articles,
technical publications and plans concerning alternative waste systems.
(SRF)
COR : Rational Center for Appropriate Technology
P.O. Box 3838
Butte, HT 59701
ACC* : L000490
AUTHOB: R/l
AFFIL : Environmental Sanitation Information Center
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10«
TITLE : Environmental Sanitation Abstracts - Low Cost Options
SOURCE: Environmental Sanitation Information Center, Vol. 1., lumber 1
TUB : 1979
TBXT : International bulletin of abstracts covering subjects United to
conventional and non-conventional methods of coltaction, treataant,
reuse, and disposal of domestic wastewater and human wastes. (S»P)
coi : Environmental sanitation Inforsation Cantar
isian Institute of Technology
P.O. Box 2750
Bangkok, Thailand
ACC» : L000091
AOTBOB: W/A
APPXL : Tncaon Community Development/Design Cantar
TXTLB : Tba privy project
SOOBCB: Tucson Coaaanity Development/Design Cantar
TUB :
TBXT : Efforts by Tucson, Arizona to iaprove sanitation by reaoving privies and
upgrading kitchen and bathroom facllitias ara dascribad. Profiles of
the people participating in tha privy projact ara included along with
sita and floor plans of tha participants' housing. Tha upgrading prograa
was restricted to owner/occupants and not to renter/occupants. Probleas
and shortcosings of the project involving 100 hoaeowner/participants
are also discussed. (SBP)
COI i Tuscon Cossunity Developsent/Deaign Center
316 S. Convent
Tucson, AZ 65701
ICC* : L000492
HJTHOB: B/A
APPIL : California state water Besources Control Board
TXTLB : lction Plan for Alternative Wastewater Banagesent systess investigation
Xspleaentation in California
SOOBCB: California State water Besources Control Board
TBAB : 1978
TBXT : This report presents certain actions that will be taken by the Cali-
fornia state later Besources Control Board, the California Begional
Water Quality Control Boards, and other agencies to investigate and
consider of alternative wastewater sanagesent systess in the state
Specific tasks relating to each cosponent in the overall Action Plan
are described. (SBP)
COB : California state Water Besources Control Board
P.O. Box 100
Sacramento, CA
ICC* : L000493
AOTBOB1 Bichols, B.W.
APPIL : B/i
TXTLB : Analysis of Bacterial Populations In the Pinal Product of the Clivus
Bultrus
SOOBCB: Center for the Biology of Batural Svstess, Washington 0., St. Louis, HO
TBAB : 1976	1
TXXT : This article discusses the Clivus Bultrus cosposting toilet and coapares
it to a garden coapost pile. Sone advantages of the systen are: eliaina-
tion of a carrier fluid (water), reduction of environaental lapact and
use as a soil asendsent. Besults of standard bacteriological analyses
on samples taken fros two units in the Onited States and seven units
in Sweden show that the Clivus Bultrus end product is sisilar to that
of soil. Bacterial populations, both pathogenic and non-pathogenic, were
sisilar to those found is norsal soil populations, lo Escherichia coli
vera found in any sasple of product fros the Clivus Bultrus cosposting
toilet. (SWP)
COB : Center for the Biology of Batural Systess
Washington University
Saint Louis, BO
ACCi : L00049*
A9TB0B: Sharp*, W.B.
'"II : Pennsylvania state University, College of Agriculture, Oniversity Park,
PA
TXTLB : 23 Ways to Save Water in an Bnergency
SOOBCB: Extension Service, Pennsylvania State Oniversity, special Circular 199
IEA1 :
TBXT : A brief listing of 23 ways to conserve water by sodlfying everyday
living habits. (SWP)
coi : Pennsylvania state Oniversity
Boos 230
Agriculture Administration Building
Oniversity Park, PA 16802
ACC* : L000495
AOTBOB: Oriaaer, O.P.; Sckliekelaan, a.
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105
AFFIL i Appropriate Technology Research, Santa Fe. IB
TITLB t A Sisple Low-Cost Rural Conpost-Privy
SOOBCBi Appropriate Technology, • (13). 20
fill I 1977
*BXT s Jl^-coat aerobic cospost privy that collects fecal aaterial la a tub
la described. A wooden bnilding rests upon atilta and la veatilated
froa beneath by a fine-aesh aeraaa. in airtight hinged lid and seat ara
constructed over a tab and heavy-gauge plastic covers tha ground be-
neath tha tub. Periodically tha contents of tha tab mat ba aaptlad
into a eoapoat binwkere they undergo further decosposition. (SBF)
COB < Appropriate Technology Research
1936 Baao Road
Santa Fe, lav Bexico 67501, O.S.I.
ICC* » 1000996
AOTBOBt Blapuno, K.
AFFIL t Fornerly tha Blnistry of ¦•tonal Iducatlon, oar «a salaaa, Saat Africa
TITLB t Bxcreta Disposal lithoot Vatar
SOOBCB: Appropriate Technology 3(0): 28-29 (1976)
TOB 1 1976
TBIT 1 "Biopot," a dry coaposting-type privy, la daacrlbad. Thia two-celled
¦I*4" coapoata all organic household wastes. Bxcreta la dapoaitad in
a cell that contains leaves and sand, which trap particulates; crnshad
liaestone and ashes, which neutralise tha tcida; and charcoal, coaraa
sands and perforated stone alab that filter the resaialng fluid oot iato
a soakage pit. Iku one cell 1* fall it ia closed and anaerobic con-
postiag begins while the previously closed cell is opened. The haavs
is reaoved and used as fertillxer, and a new filtering nedia is in-
stalled. Repotted advantages of this systea are that the excreta is
inaccessible to insects aad aniaals and that the cospost is a valuable
by-product. (SVF)
L000497
Watt, S.0.
Interaediate Technology Design aroup
Village Sanitation Iaprovenent Scheae, India
lppropriata Technology, 2(H): 15-16 (19751
1975
The construction of a water seal privy which controls flies and odor, in
conbination with a cesspool, has iaproved the sanitation in reaote
Indian villagea. Construction and aaintenance aetbods are outlined.
Bygiene education of users is stressed. (SBF)
L000*96
Friedaan, A. A.; Peaks, D.A.; Bichols, R.L.
Tennessee Technology Oniverslty, Departaent of civil Engineering,
Cookeville, TB
Algae Separation froa Oxidation Pond Bffluents
Journal of Bater Pollution Control Federation, 49(1): 111-119 (1977)
1977
The effects of various cheaical coagulants on the reaoval of algae froa
oxidation pond effluent was evaluated. Laboratory and field studies
were performed and data were collected on flotation ud sediaentation of
algae and coagulant aixtures. Results indicate alun is an effective
coagulant in both sediaentation and floatation in a pB range froa 5 to
9. Line raises the pB to allow aagnesiua hydroxide to precipitate.
Synthetic organic polyelectrolytes were ineffective when used alone or
in conjunction with liae or alun. (SBF)
ACCi > 1000999
AOTBOB1 Bianeberger, J.B.T.
AFFIL 1 PhD. Consultant, Individual sanitation Systeas, Berkeley, California
fITLS : Baaeal of 6rey Batar Treataent Practice (Part 1 and Pert II)
SOOBCB! Ann Arbor science Publishers, inc., P.O. Box 1*25, Ann Arbor, Bichigan
1BAB 1 197*
njT : (Part I) On-site treataent of greyvatsr aad subsurface disposal are the
aaia areas of discassion. Percolation tests, septic tanks, disposal
fields, serial distribution, disposal trenches, pits, and bade are ex-
aained with regard to design criteria, eguipaest needs, building sater-
ials and construction considerations. Baintenance of these systess is
also discussed. Tables, figures, and saaple calculations necessary for
slsing and designing the individual systeas are iacluded. (SBF)
(Part II) Quantity and strength of greywater froa various fixtures in
the household are presented in tables. Physical, ehsaical and sicro-
biological characteristics of greywater are likewise included. Ose of
soil santle for the purification of greywater is discussed in detail.
Reaoval of biclogleal and cheaical constituents as well as pathogens
froa greywater is discussed. (SBF)
COB : Ann Arbor science
P.O. Box 1*25
Ann Arbor, Bichigan *6106
ACC* 1
AOTBOBi
AFFIL i
TITLB 1
SOOBCBJ
TBIB 1
TBXT :
ACC* >
AOTBOBI
AFFIL I
YITLB J
SOOBCB!
TBAB !
TBXT !
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106
ICC* t L000500
I0TB0B] OoiflCH, J.C.
IPPI1 j University of Biscoasia, Badisoa, BI
tzni i Design and Constraction irnil for Biscoasin Hound® on Slowly paraaabla
Soil* with or litboat High water Tables; shallow Peraeable Soils over
Creviced Bedrock; Peraeable solla with High «atar Tablaa
SOVBCBt Saall Scala Bast* Banageaeat project, oaivereity of Wisconsin, Badison,
IX
t 1978
i The design prlndplaa of aooad systeas with regard to slowly paraaabla
¦oil. shallow paraaabla soil with creviced or porous bedrock and
paraaabla soil with high watar tablas ara explained. soil and sita re-
qairaaants that rastrict aouad ayataas aad general aoond dasiqn ara
discussed. Tha individual coapoaaats of tha aoand systaa ara dascribad
folly. CosstractiOB techniques aad coasidaratioas ara axplainad. Design
azaaplaa aad plans for various typas and coapoaaBts of aooad systaas ara
given. (SB*)
: 1000501
IBTBOBt Bellen, B.l.	_ .
ITtTL i sewage Prograa, laka coanty Baalth Depertaent, Baukegan, It
TXTIB i Sita Bvalaatioa for Seepage Pialds
SOVBCBt Proceediags of Illinois private sawaga Syaposiua, 1978, pp. i-e
ID! t 1970
TBZT t Soil suitability aad saapaga araa raguiraaaats for tha absorption of
septic tank affluaat ara diseussad. Tha aaa of color as aa indicator of
soil suitability is also discassad. Tha parcolatioa tast aad procadoraa
for parforaiag it ara dascribad. roar gaaaral conaidaratioas ara pre-
aented for dasiga of saapaga fialdst 1) seasonal high watar tablaa anat
ba idantiflad 2) iaparwious strata aust ba idantifiad 3) parcolatioa
tast should ba ia tha correct range 1) slopa should ba sufficiaat to
shad aa aach watar as possibla. (Sir)
ICC* : L000502
IOTBOBi Busselaan, B.B.t Sura, H.P.
IRIl t Illinois Stata University, Boreal, It
TITLB i Baaaaeaent of Saptic Tank Solids
SOOBCBt Proceedings of tha llliaois Private sawaga Diaposal Syaposiua, 1978, pp.
•-17
j Tke'aature of saptaga aad its eaviroaaeBtal iapact ara briafly dis-
eussad. currant saptaga handliag aad disposal practicaa in Illinois ara
diseussad with land application as tha doainant fora of diapoaal.
Probleaa aad shortcoaings of tha lllinoia Private Sawaga Disposal Licen-
sing let and Coda have proaptad local and stata rasponsa. Several r«-
ooaaaadatioas ara prasentad to raotify tha sitaatioa. Bacoaaanda aatab-
lishaaat of a data basa by local and stata ragulatory agancias that
willi 11 parsit tha evaluation of saptaga disposal practices, 2) en-
courage and test aethods, 3) characterise the voluaes and costs associa-
ted with disposal practices. (SBF)
t 1000503
butbobi Andrews, b.p.
UTll i USDft Sell conservation service
tmi t soil as a Bedia fo* Sewage Treataeat
900KBl Proceedings of the Illinois Private Sewage Disposal Syaposiua, 1978, pp.
18-20
TUB i 1978
TUT t Plscisaes soil as a aedia for disposing septic tank affluent. Soil
characteristics that affect its pollution abateeeat potential ara dis-
cussed. The progress of the soil survey prograa in Illinois is pre-
sented along with the reasons for having aach a prograa. (SBP)
ICC* t 1000504
kOTHOB: Tusick, B.i Bickaan, K.; Lucia, J.
IPPIL t Cleveland state Oniversity, Bnvironaental Baalth Prograa
TXTIB t la Bvalaation of Bvaporatioa Transpiration Sewage Systeas Installed in
lake coanty since 1973
SOUBCBi Proceedings of the Illinois Private Sewage Diepoaal Syaposiua, 1978, pp.
ai-3«
TUB J 1978
TBZT j The saeeess rate for evapotraaepiration beds iaatalled in aevere soil in
lake Coanty, Illinois, was found to be ninety-five percent. Sixty-four
hoaes were surveyed, of the three failing systeaa, two were cauaed by
iaproper construction and tha other was caused by an overloaded aystea.
Only one-third of the dual systeas were being alteraated by hoaeownere.
(SBP)
ICC* j 1000505
1STBOB: Balph, D.j Vanderhola, D.
kPPXl i University of llliaois at Orbana-Chaapaiga, igricultural Bagineering
Departnent
TBhB
TBZT
ICC*
TBIB
TBXT
ICC*
-------
107
,C°n»trnction and Costs of Recirculating Sand PIItart
SOURCE* Proceedings of the Zllisois Petrata Sewage Disposal Syaposius, 1978, pp.
1MB 1 19781
TBXT t Design and conatrnetion considerations for a recirculating sand filter
"'**•!!. consisting of a septic tank, a recirculation tank..and .pasp, and a
1*5? ?¦ ^#t *r* PraM"ted. Diagrass of the systes are also included.
2atiaated costs for a three bedroos honse using a recirculating sand
filter systea were tabulated. (s«P)
ACC* t 1000506
AOTBOBi Beuaann, B.Q.
AFFIL ] Illinois Departaent of Public Bealth, Chaapaign, XL
TITLE j Private Sewage Treatsent - An overview
SOOBCBt Proceedings of tbe Fourth Annual Illinois Private Sewage Disposal Sya-
posius, 1979, pp. 5-35
TUB ] 1979
TBXT : This general survey of on-site sewage treataent and disposal sethods
presents inforsation, history, public health aspects, site evaluation,
selection and design of sewage systess and alternative systens. (SIP)
ICC* t 1)000507
AOTBOBi Drake, A.B.
ami J DeKalb County Bealth Departsent, Invironaental lealth Division, DeKalb,
II*
TITLE t The use of Soils in Begard to the Installation of a subsurface Sewage
Disposal Systea
SOUBCBi Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Illinois Private Sewage Disposal Sya-
posiua, 1979, pp. 36-42
TEA B I 1979
TBXT t This narrative details the steps leading to an aaendeent to the DeKalb
County, Illinois, Disposal Ordinance regarding subsurface disposal
systea construction. The aseadaeat incorporates soils inforsation as
ths only basis restricting installation. (SBF)
ACC* » L000508
AOTBOB* Velgand, B.Q.
AFFIL t food County Health Departsent, Parkersburg, IT
TITLE t Alternative On-site Sewage systess in food County, Best Virginia - i
Field Survey
SOOBCBt Fourth Annual Illinois Privute Sewage Synposiua, 1979, pp. *3-65
TBAB t 1979
TEIT t In Best Virginia it has becose the practice to install a conventional
septic tank leach-field systes wherever site conditions are adequate.
However, since April 1972 approxiaately 73 alternative systsss have been
Installed in Bood County. The different designs included two types of
evapotranspiration sounds, shallow trench and dual bed leach fields,
evapotranspiration beds, Wisconsin (fill) sounds, nnd filter beds, l
total of 65 systens were field surveyed to detersine comparative failure
rates and causes. Site characteristics and systes characteristics are
coapared asong failing and functioning systess, and causes of failure
are ezaalned for each systea type. The data suggest sore stringent
supervision of installation and aaintenance practices and show a need
for greater enphasls oa proper site selection. (AO)
ACC* J L000509
AOTBOBi Hellen, B.L.
AFFIL i Lake County Health Departaent, Division of Bnvironsentnl Bealth,
Individual Sewage Prograa, Haukegaa, IL
TITLB « The Aerobic Treataeat of the Septic Field
SOOBCBs Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Illinois Privute Sewage Disposal Sya-
poslua, 1979, pp. 66-76
TBAB t 1*79
TBXT < Aa aerating tube systea for Insertion late pipiag of a serial distribu-
tion absorption field waa tested and described. The aeratlea systea
releases 1000 saall bubblea per alaate per orifice into the dlscharfsd
effluent of the septic taak. After 23 days operation the BOD dropped
fron 199 to 17. Probleas eacountered are described and aodiflcationa
are suggested. (SBF)
ACC* i L000510
AOTBOBt Canaron, J.
AFFIL * Lake County Bealth Departaent, flaukegaa, il
TITLB x Bydrogen Peroxide Treataeat of Failed seepage Treaches
SOOBCBt Proceedings of Fourth Annual Illlaola Private Sewage Dlapoaal Confer-
ence, 1979, pp. 77-87
TBAB 1 1979
TBXT < Bevlew of the pnper "Causes and Beaedy of Failure of Septic Taak Seepage
Systess". See 1000032. (SBF)
-------
108
ICC* t L000511
iSS1! Illinois'Bnvironssntal Protection *g*ncy, Division of latsr Foliation
Control* Planning ui St»nd»rd« S*®*1®®
*1*11 i Srants for print* ssvags	n4.nn.ai svb-
solicit Proceedings of ths Powrtk knaaal Illinois Prints '•»»?• Disposal ays
posinn, 1979, pp. 88-9*
"XT ! stlps for obtaining govsrnssnt grants for on iaits >7"tsss •"Pr.Mnt.a
with rsanlatorr rswirsssnts and rsstrictions. Ths itsss that ars
covered by grants ars discssssd and spscific limitations ars sxprssssd.
Problsns that ariss in cossanitiss •••king grant assistance ars brisfly
discssssd. (SIP)
»CCt j 1000512
iltwij Converse, j.c.
IFFIl i University of lisconsln, Isdison, II
rail 1 losnd systsss for On-Sits Disposal for ProblsaSolls	Q7R
SOQKClt Proessdings of ths Illinois Privets Sssags Disposal Sysposias; 1978;
pp. 112-1*3
mi t 1978
*11* t This is a sultry of 1000500. (SIF)
COR t Iserican Society of igricsltsral Bnginssrs
2950 lilss toad
St. Jossph, II *9085
ICC* j 1000513
10*BO>i Cannon, D.I.
IFFIl t Illinois Dspartssnt of Isalth		,
11*11 t Privets Ssvags Disposal lanlsrs and Ssptags Disposal
SOOICIt Procssdlngs of ths Fosrth knnnal Illinois Privata Ssvags Disposal Sya-
poslns, 1979, pp. 112-121
YH| * 1979
*ll* t Ths problsss assoclatsd with ssptags handling and "fP"*1
alleviate thss ars disensssd. The problsss ssntionsd ars Umsh P"
vsstion, water pollntion, disposal,
odscation. The need for cooperative action by the ^ree f™*?"	.
¦ibis for solving thsss problsss; th«asci«lonn«k«rs,tk« aonitors.tna
ths isplessntors is strssssd. Ths author calls for isprovsd rssearch,
pinning and pnblic awareness. (SIF)
ICC* j 1000514
IQ*IOI t l/I	__
ma » Insrgy and Invironssntal Inalysis, Inc.	. ...n
TITll 1 Bvalaatioa of lastssatsr Trsstssnt IltsrnativssJJ« 1
solicit lational utility contractors lssociation, Washington, D.c.
Till 1 1979
TUT t Process descriptions, advantagss, disadvantagas, rsstrictions on ths
process* psrfotsancs, reliability, and cost analysss for sach systss are
dlscwssed in detail, convsntionsl gravity sewer systsss, when followed
by sastsvstsr trsstssnt ponds or psckags plants, ssrs foand to be cost-
•ffactive over the on-slts altsrnatlvss spplleabl* to ssall cossanlties.
capital costs for ths systsss were siailar, bat opsratlon aad salntsn-
sncs costs wsrs sach higher for alternative systsss. (SIF)
CM : lational utility contractors issociation
815 15th Strsst I.I., *83*
lashington, D.C.
ICC* t 1000515
1kUTIois Drssaack, siller, l.
'IFFIl 1 lew Jerssy Institnts of Technology, Dspartssnt of Civil and Bnvironssnt-
sl Bnginssring	. . .
TIT1B : carrsnt Trsnds in paokagsd lastssatsr Trsatasat Facilltlss (Part I)
SOVlCBi Vatsr aad ssvags Works, 122 (8)< 80-63
mi t 1975
*11* : ths artlcls discasses ths advantagss, disadvantagss, aad process varia-
tions for packagsd wastewater treatssnt plants. The operatloa of con-
tact stabilisation and cosplstsly sired activated slndgs systsss ars
discassed. I process dsscrlption, sapplsssntsd with dingrans, is pro-
vided (SIF)
ICC* t 1000516
k0*10It Dresnack, 1.; liller, I.
kFFIl 1 i«v Jerssy Institnte of Technology, Departssat of civil and Bnvironaent-
al Bngineering
TIT1B t Current Trends in Packagsd lastssatsr Trsatnsnt Facilltlss (Part II)
SOUSCBt latsr aad Ssvsgs lorks, 122(9): 96-99
TUB t 1975
*11* t Ths advantages, disadvaatagss, procsss variations and cost variablss for
packagsd vastsvatsr treatssnt procsssss ars discasssd. Packags plant
-------
109
versions of the bio-disc, chealcal, and Oasis Process (t mittiot of
the activated alndge systea) systsas are explained. coapanies that aar-
ket thsss systeas acs listed, (sir)
1CC» i 1000517
tOTBOR] Dresnack, B.; Riller, V.
1PFIL t Bew Jersey Institute of Technology, Departaent of civil and Bavtronseat-
al Engineering
TITLB : Current Trends in Packaged Wastewater Treataent Paeilitiss (Part III)
SOUBCXt Bater and Sewage forks, 122 (10)t 98-101
TUB t 1975
IBM < Physical-cheaical and chealcal-biological treatBent processes ara dis-
cussed with raspact to thair application for packaged wastewater treat-
sent plants. Operational probleas, perforaance date, and eaintenanee of
the package plant ara given. Illastratioas and a list of nanafactarers
are included. (SBP)
ICC* : 1000518
kOTBOBi Dresnack, B.j Biller, I.
IPFlt i lew jersey Institate of Technology, Departaeat of civil and Bnvlronsent-
al Bngineering
flTLB t current Trends in Packaged lastevater Treataeat Facilities (tart IV)
SOOBCBt Water and Sewage Borks, 122(11)t 66-47
IB1B I 1975
rBXT j The article disensses pertinent considerations in the design of package
plants. Pactors considered aret wastewater characterisation, process
variation, design criteria, site selection and layoat, and egaipaent
selection. (SBP)
ICC* t 1000519
lOTHOBt Troyen, J.J.j Borris, D.P.
yrTil < IPl Technology Transfer Prograa, Cincinnati, 01
riTLB i Cost Bffectiveness analysis - Alternatives for Saall Wastewater Treat-
sent Systeas
SOOBCBt BP! 625/8-77-011
HkB t 1977
[BIT t This cost-effectiveness analysis evalaates alternative wastewater
systeas for annicipalities. Inclades probles conditions, description
of alternatives in cost-effectiveness analysis, and procedures for
evalaating alternatives. Sapplies five detailed case histories. (SBP)
ICC* i 1000520
IOTiIOBs Kriessl, J.P.; cooper, I.k.; Resek, I.
IPPIl < BPk Technology Transfer Prograa
riTLB t Pressure Sewers/Tacava sewers - Alternatives for snail Vastewater Treat-
aent Systeas
IOOBCBj IPk 625/*-77-011
[BIB t 1977
(BIT : k conprehensive treatnent of pressors sswsrs and vacuus sewers. Con-
tains dssign alternatives, constraction considerations, operation and
aaintenance procedares, codes, and cost considerations. Illustrated.
(SIP)
ICC* > 1000521
LOTBOB: Otis, B.J.i Boyls, I.e.; Converse, J.C.) Tyler, B.J.t Cooper, l.k.;
Besek, J.V.
IFF lit t BP* Technology Transfer Prograa
FiTtB t On-Site Disposal/Septage Treatnent and Disposal - liternatives for Ssall
•astewater Treatnent Systeas
KWBCBs BPk 675/8-77-011
rS&B J 1977
mT > in in-depth handbook of alternatives for oa-sits septage treatnent and
disposal systeas. Clearly docaaeated a*4 i11astrated. (SIP)
tCC* : 1009822
kOTHOB< Caldwell, D.H.J Parker, D.s.i Ohte, B.*. j stengaist, B.l.
vPTIl t BPk Technology Transfer Prograa
IT1B t upgrading Lagoons
lOUBCBs BPk 625/8-73-0016
U1 t 1977
HIT > Describes types of lagoons and thair operating probleas. Inclades op-
grading lagoons throngh both process aodlfication and algae renoval.
Contains exasples of upgrading lagoons. (SBP)
CC* t	1000523
iUTHOBi	Bblen, J.B.i Clark, L.K.
mi i	aanicipal Bnvlxonaental Besearch laboratory, Cincinnati, OB
1TLB i	Pressure aad Vacuua sewer Deaonstration Project - Bend, Oregon
lOOBCBt	BPk 600/2-78-166
I'ShB t	1978
-------
110
TBXT : 1 pressure sever systea collecting doaestic aaptic tank effluent and a
vacaaa systea colleciag raw doaestic sewage were coaatrnctad in Band,
Oregon. Both systess collected sewage froa eleven houses and discharged
into existing gravity sever nains. Groups of one, two and three hoaaaa
««ra aerved by single collection suap/vacuea valve or by collection
soap/punp conbinations. The ayataaa wara oparatad and aonitorad foe a
parlod of approxlaately ona yaar. Tha ayataaa wara evaluated for con-
atrnction coata, oparation and aaintenance costs, reliability, operating
characteriatica, and chaaical characteriatica of collected aawaga and
aaptic effluent. (SIF)
cot : Buaicipal Bnvironaeatal laaearch Laboratory
Office of Beaearch and Developaeat
O.S. Bavironaeatal Beaearch Laboratory
Cincinnati, Ohio 45268
ICC* j 100052*
AOTBOBi «/»
AFFXL : Banicipal Bnvironnental Beaearch Laboratory, Cincinnati, OB
TXTLB t Hanagenent of snail Baate Plowa
SOVBCBt m 600/2-78-173
TUB : 1978
ntf t Coapilation of laboratory and field investigationa condoctad at tha
Oaiveraity of liacoaain aince 1971. The reaearch prograa waa to con-
ceive, evaluate and develop satisfactory aethoda for the on-site treat-
aent and diapoaal of wastewaters, regardleas of the site constraints.
The studies included characterisation of household and cosaarcial waste-
waters, assessaent of wastewater treataent alternatives, evaluation of
eoila for treataent and diapoaal of waatewater, eatiaation of infiltra-
tive capacities of soils, design and operation of alternative systess
dependent upon soil design and operation of alternative systess not
dependent upon soil, aaaageaent of on-site disposal systess, and
institutional and regulatory control of on-site systess. This report
covers the period froa July 1971 to Jane 1977 and work is continuing.
(S«F)
COB : Huniciapal Bnvironnental Besearch Laboratory
Office of Besearch and Developaent
U.S. Bnvironnental Protection igency
Cincinnati, Ohio *5268
ICC* » 1000525
AOTBOBi Tan dar Bya, S.
jlFPIX t rarallones Institute. CI
THIS j The Toilet Papers
SOOBCBi Capra Press, 631 State Street, Santa Barbara, Californin 93101
TB1B : 1978
TBXT : Thia book waa deaigned to serve as a guide for treatiag aad recycling
huaan waste in a aanner that is inezpenaiva, coaserves resources and
poses no health risk. A historical and cross-cultural view of haaan
waste treataent and disposal ia provided in contrast to the current
practice of nixing hanan waste with purified water. Baphasis ia placed
on the practical design, operation and construction of hone-built dry
toilets and greywater treataent. Describes conventional and less costly
altarnntive wastewater treatment systess. sivea tips for getting ap-
proval froa local health officials. Additional features include an
annotated bibliography and nunarous diagraas of the aysteaa discussed.
(SBF)
ICC* j 1000526
IQTBOBt office of Appropriate Technology
AFFXL i governor's Office, state of Californin
TXTLB t Bural Bastewater Disposal Alternatives, Piaal Bepert - Phase Z
SOVBCBt state Bater Besources coatrol Board, California
TBAB : 1977
TBXT : Thia report assesses the states of on-site waste disposal aethoda in
California with particular enphasis on wnterless toilets and greywater
treataent. The five topics dealt with are types of systeas, health
criteria, research, regulatory pcacticea and on-site wastewater aanaga-
aent. Appendices inclade gaidelines for pit privy construction and
greywater disposal, public healtk consideratons of oa-slte waste dis-
posal systeas and a aasaacy of the Farallonea coapost privy project,
over 70 references are cited. (SW)
ACC* i 1000527
AOTBOBt Xickefoose, C.; Bayes, B.B.
AFFXL : Stevens, Thoapson and Banyan, Inc., Portland, OB
TXTLB : Anaerobic Sludge Digestion operations Banunl
SOOBCBt office of Bater Prograa Operations, O.S. SPA, Bashington, D.c. BFA 430/
9-76-001
TBAB : 1976
TBXT < Three considerations for anneroblc digester operatloa and aaintenance
are eovered ia this flip-through aanaal. It provides a troubleshooting
galde useful in identifying and solving present digester problens and
-------
111
in aliainating future digester probleaa. Boutin* operational techniques
for proeMi control and aaiateaaace ara prasantad along with a plant
cbackliat for coaparing plant and lab records with tka "average". «en-
aral background intonation for readera anfaailiar witk tka anaaroblc
sludge digaatlen procaaa coneladaa tka aannal. (SIP)
ICC* j L000528
kUTHOBt Stoner, C.B., adltor
kFFIl t lodala Praaa
TITLE i Ooodbye to tka Ploak Toilat
SOUBCBt Sodala Praaa, Eaaaus, Pennsylvania, 285 pagaa
IUI I 1977
TBXT i Tkia book diacusses alternatives to caaapoola, aaptic tanka and aewera
that anhanea tha conaarvation of reaourcea through radacing vatar con-
saaption, ainiaizing anvironaaatal iapact and recycliag waatea. Topics
lnelnda a hlatory of haaan waata collaction, traataant and disposal, a
review of conventional and alternative wastewater systaas, tha princi-
ples of coapoating, tha daaign and operation of coapoating priviea, coa-
aercial and owaer-bailt coapoating toilets, the treataant and disposal
of grayvatar, aethods of conserving vatar and a discussion of tha accep-
tance of alteraative waste systaas. charts aad diagraas provide extea-
siva design inforaation. Sources of hardware are iacladed for alterna-
tive wastewater treataant systaas, low-flash and waterless toilets,
greywater traataant aad devices for water conservatioa. (SIP)
ICC* t 1000529
kOTBOBi isplea, ».».
kFFIl i Dorchester County Bealth Departaeat, Dorchester Coaaty, BD
TITLB « Bvalaation of Doaastic laata Disposal by Beraed Iafiltration Ponda 1971-
1975
SOUBCBt Bnvironnental Bealth Idainistration, Division of eaaeral Saaitation,
Baryland State Departsant of Bealth and Bental Bygiene
TBkB I 1976
TBXT i Fara ponda, aa a eathod of dispersing hoasehold aewage pretreated by
hoae aeration units, were evaluated. Field saapling and laboratory
analyses of pond iaflaent aad afflaeat, groundwater and poad water were
aada. Tha fara poad receiving the hoasehold wastes exhibited aiailar
BOD, SS, Colifora and Fecal Colifora results aa a control pond receiving
only surface runoff. Two aingle-faaily reaidencea introduced waate
daily for over four years without causing any bacterial or ehaaical con-
taaination in any of the observation walls. (SfF)
ICC* j L000530
in BOB: B/k
kFFZL t Illinois Departaeat of Pablic Health, Onlvarsity of Illiaois Cooperative
Bxtensive Service, University of Illinois Office of Continuing Education
and Public Services
TITLB t Proceedings of the Fourth knnual Illinois private Sewage Diaposal Sya-
poslua
SOUBCB: Proceedinga of the Foarth knnual Illinoia Private Sewage Diaposal Sya-
posiua
TBkB i 1979
TBXT < The Proceedinga of tha Fourth kaaual Illinois Private sewage Diaposal
Syaposiaa held in chaapaign, Illinoia, February 26-28, 1979, containa:
"Private Sewage Treataant - ha Overview" (1000506), "The Use of Soils in
Begard to the Installation of a Subsurface Sewage Diaposal Systea"
(1000507), "klteraative On-Site Sewage Systeas in lood Couaty, Vest
Virginia, k Field Survey" (1000508), "The kerobic Treataant of the
Septic Field" (L000509), "Hydrogen Peroxide Treataent of a Failed Seep-
ags Tranches" (1000510), "Grants for Private Swage Disposal Systeas"
(L000511), "Baatewater Facilities Planning aad Private Sewage Disposal"
(1000157), "Private Sewage Disposal Haulers aad Septage Diaposal"
(1000513), aad "Desiga criteria Paapiag Septic Tank Bfflueat". The
enclosed Busbar following tha title iadicatea tha accession asaber of
tha article abstracted by SBF Cleariaghouse. (SVF)
kCC« : L000531
kUTBOBl B/k
kFFIl t Illiaois Departaeat of Pablic Bealtht Onlvarsity of Illnoia Cooperative
Bztenaion Service; university of Illinois Office of Continuing
Bdueation aad Public Service
TXT1B < Proceedings of the Illinois Private Sewage Disposal Syaposius, 1978
SOUBCBt
TUB S 1978
TBXT t The Proceedlaga of the Illinois Private Sewage Disposal Syapoaiua held
la Chaapaign, Illinoia oa February 13-15, 1978, containt "Site Evalua-
tion for Seepage Fields" (1000501), "Haaageaent of Septic Tank Solids"
(1000502), "Soil as a Hedia for Sewage Treataent" (1000503), "kn
Evaluation of Evaporation Transpiration Sewage Syateas lastalled in
lake County Since 1973" (100050*), "Design, Constractioa and Costp of
-------
112
Heclrcalating sand Filters" (L000505), "Deaign of conventional soil
Absorption Tranche* and Beds" (L000469), "Coat-Effective Evaluation of
On-site Wastewater Hanageaent Syataaa in OoMwerad lraaa" (L000130),
"loand Systeas for On-Sit* Disposal for Problea Solla" (This Is a
snnaary of L000500), and "Effects of later softener Dae on the Para-
eability of Septic Tank soil lbsorption Fields" (L000190). The enclosed
naaber following the title indicates the accession nnaber of the article
abstracted by the snail laatewater Flows Clearinghouse. (S«P)
COI x laerican society of hgricaltnral Engineers
2950 files load
St. Joseph, HI 49085
-------
TITLE IBDBX
1000001
L000002
1000003
LiOOOOO*
1000005
11000006
L000007
1000008
1.000009
£000010
1000011
1000012
1000013
1000014
1000015
1000016
1000017
1000016
1000019
1000020
1000021
1000022
1000023
100002*
1000029
1000026
1000027
1000026
1000029
1000030
1000031
1000032
1000033
1000034
1000035
Centralised Banagaaant of sull Plants
Bffects of Toilet luft Patterns on Onsite Traataaot Systees
Sob* aspects of Coaposting Tollata with Specific lafaranca to Thair Function
and Practical Applications in Borvay
Intagration of Onaita Diapoaal ia a 201 Pacilitiaa Plan
The Boyd County Daaonatratiom projact - a Syataa Approach to Individual Kara
Sanitation (In Opdate)
a Pruiir* Sawar Syataa Daaonatration
Bnvironaeatel lapact of On-site Systeaa
Cactlfication of contractor*
Innovation in Waatevater Tacknologys Tha Ckallanga of tka 1960*a
Design and coastraction Procadaraa for Pill Syataaa in Peraeable soils with
li«l Water Tables
Stato Agency Banageeeat Plans aad Approval Practices for laiae
Colloction Alteraativet Tka Preseare Sa«ar
Stats Progress and Perspectives
Local Experiences vitk alternative Systesst Salvation, Clrcaaventlon, or
Cop-Oat
kn alternative Septage Treataeat Bethodi Liaa Stabilisation/S«nd-B*d
Devatering
Onsita Systsnst Paraars Boaa kdsinistration
Poantain Ban, laatacky (Casa Stady)
flanagaaant of Sural Soptic Syataaa Otl
vation District Specialist Progran
Onsita Systansi BFA*s Coastrectloa orants Prograa
Pactors kffocting kccaptanca of Baterless Toilats - Tka Baina Experience
Iaploaantation of Onsita Bastevater Baaageeent krrangesents-overcoaing
Incantivas for Inaction
liufimt Districts - a Cay to laplaaanting an Oalot Disposal kltarnativa
kn application of tke Onlot Banagaaant Coeoept: Objectives, lasponsiblities,
and Costs
certification of Sewage Snforcaaent Officersi an Onsite Baaageeat aiternetlv*
Partial ckeracteriaatioa of Cklorinated Organics in Superck
septages and Bizad sladges
accaenlation Bate and Characteristics of Septic Tank Sledge and Septefe
Sevege freataeat leek
Poteetial Beplaoeeeat of Septic task Brain Melds by Artificial Barak
Bastevater Treataent Systeaa
Onsite Bastevater Disposal alternatives-federal# State and local lavolva
Pkoepkate tenoval froa laandry fastewater
anaerobic Digestion and Beabraae Seperatioa ef Doaestic fastevater
Ceases and Beaedy of fallare of Septic Teak Seepage Syataaa
eroaad-fater Pollatloa aspects of Uad Disposal of Sewage froa Beaote
Becreatloa areas
Treatability of Septic Teak Sledge
lew Coat Bastevater Treateeat facilities for Baral areas
»at
-------
114
t000036
1000037
£000038
1000039
£000040
£000041
1000042
1000043
£000044
1000045
1000046
1.000047
1000048
t000049
£000050
1000051
£000052
£000053
£000054
£000055
£000056
£000057
£000058
£000059
£000060
£000061
£000062
£000063
£000064
£000065
£000066
£000067
£000068
£000069
£000070
Ireataent of Power Laundry wastewater utilising Powdered Activated Carbon
and Cationic Polyelectrolyte
htt* Segregation as a Beans of Bnhancing Onsite Wastewater Banageaent
Characteristics of Bural Household Bastewater
Hathod and Apparatus for Aerobic Sewage Treatment
Intermittent sand Filtration of Household wastewater
Reviving the Septic Tank
I Bound systea for Onsite Disposal of Septic Tank Effluent in Slowly
Permeable Soils with seasonally Perched later Tables
lev Concepts in Soil survey Interpretations for on-site Disposal of Septic
Tank Effluent
The Soil as a TreatBent systea
The Pressure Sewers A few Alternative to Gravity Sewers
truck-Tankers clean Septic Tanks in sural Areas
The Separation of Shower and £aundry Wastewater Osing *r-PAA B.O. Hesbranes
Study of a Septic Tank Systea on a Lake Shores Temperature and Effluent Plow
Patterns
The Plight and Prosise of on-Site Wastewater Treatment
BTA Baaoval in septic Tank and oxidation Pond systens
Household wastewater characterisation
Septage Cosposting
Columns Bepresenting Hound-type Disposal Systems for Septic Tank Effluent:
I. Soil-water and Oas Halations
Columns Bepresenting Hound-type Disposal Systems for Septic Tank Efflaentj
XX. lutrient Transformations and Bacterial Populations
Pressure sewers (with 81ide/Idleyld case stady)
¦atrient Mass Balance in Columns Bepresenting Pill Systess for Disposal of
Septic Tank Bffluents
Site Evaluation for Soil Absorption Systems
Pate of Bitrogen and Phosphorus in Soils Onder Septic Tank waste Disposal
Fields
Soil Benovation of Effluent From a septic Tank on a take Shore
Hovement of eoliform Bacteria from Septic Tank Bfflueat through Selected
Coastal Plain Soils of Virginia
Baking Septic Task Systems fork
Septic Tank Efficiency (1 Discussion)
Chemical Disinfection of Holding-Tank Sewage
Haiae's Perspective on Cosposting Toilets and Alternate 6raywater Systess
Cost-Effectiveness of On-Site and Community sewerage Alternatives
Soil Mottling and Drainage in a Hollic Bapludalf as Belated to Suitability
for Septic Tank Construction
Hovement of Hethylene Blue Active Substances from Septic Tank Effluent
through Two Coastal Plain Soils
Septic Tank Efficiency (Closure)
Septic Tank Efficiency
Alternate Bethods of Effluent Disposal for On-Lot Boae Sewage Systeas
-------
115
1000071
1000072
L000073
100007*
1000075
L000076
1000077
1000078
1000079
1000080
1000081
1000082
1000083
100008*
1000085
1000086
1000087
1000088-
1000089
1000090
1000091
1000092
1060093
100009*
1000095
1000096
1000097
1000098
1000099
1000100
1000101
1000102
1000103
100010*
1000105
1000106
1000107
1000108
1000109
Inflnanca of artificial Drtiuaga on Panatration of Colifora Bactaria froa
Saptlc Tank Sfflaanta into tat Tlla Dralnad soils
Pilot plant Traataaat of Bacraatioaal Araa vault Xoilat B«»ta
Bona Sawaga Dlapoaal
lav Aarobic Batch Procaaa Baplacaa Saptlc Tanks
lav Visibility for On-Slta laata Traataant Syataaa
Portabla Plant Baats Tartiary Bagniraaanta
BOD's Basponsa to tha loasiag crisis - currant Extant of Agancy Inwolwasant
Savaraga Syataa for lousas Particularly in Baral Araas
O.S. BPA Baaponsa to PI 92-500 Balating to Baral Bastaaatar Problaas
tatoaatlc incinarating Orinal
Sawarlass Sanitation) Claaa Vatar Act Strangthana On-Sita Iflaaa
(Jnsatnratad Flow Daring Soil Traataant of Saptic Tank Bfflaant
Sawaga Slndga and Oarbaga Oriadar
Praasara Sawar Daaoastratioa Projact
Sawaga Disposal Syataa with Baasabla Plash Badiaa
Sawaga osaosis Conoapt to Blisinata Around fatar Pollation
Bound Systana kid in Sawaga Disposal
Saptlc to Aarobie Saaaga Traataaat Cowarsioa Apparatua
sita Evaluation and Daaiqn of Saapaga Pialds
Dasign onidalinas for Saptic Tank Sladga Traataant and Disposal
Vacaaa saaaga Transport and Collaction
Bzpariaacas with Oaaar-Bailt oasita fasta lanagaaaat syataaa in California
Kaynota Addrass to tha Fourth Bational Confaranca on Individual Oasita
Bastawatar Systana
Dosing and Basting to Inprova Soil Absorption Bada
liaita to Qrowth and Saptic Tanka
Saptic Tank Systaas
Tha Social, Bconoalc and Political Xapact* of Oalot Sawaga Disposal
Banagaaant fluidalinas for coavantional and Altarnatiwa Onalta Sawaga systaas-
Paansylvania
Apparatus for Pnaunatic Transportation of Sanitary lasta fcoa a Toilat to a
Eoldiag Tank
Tha Ohio Ixpariaaea with Xnnovativa Oa-Slta Sawaga Syataa Dasigna
Tha Xapact of Prassara Sawara on tha Batlon's fatar Basoarcas
Clogging and unciogglag of Saptic Syataa Saapaga Bads
iaproTing sabsarfaca Disposal Syataa Parforaaaca
Baclrcalating Toilat Systas and Piltar Tharafor
Salf-Containad Baclrcalating Sanitary Systas
Stata Park flats flood Traataant
Blactrlc Toilat
Battar fatar Basoarcas Through Savarlass Sanitation
rraat Saptic-Tank Bastaa Saparataly
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116
1000110
1000111
1.000112
1000113
1000114
1000115
1000116
1000117
1000110
1000119
1000120
1000121
1000122
1000123
1000120
1000125
1000126
1000127
1000120
1000129
1000130
1000131
1000132
1000133
1000134
1000135
1000136
1000137
1000130
1000139
1000140
1000141
1000142
1000143
1000144
1000145
'.000146
On-Lot Disposal liMjimt Districts
by S.ptlc Tank Sy.t... in th.
llMfHilSriutteiJStu' 0B Qllllt* of »«"•	"« Sha.ahaan
Oaifora Di.tribatioa ia Soil hbaorptioa Plaids
fir.. »OT—nt into «ro«a«t,r frOB s.ptlc Tank Sy.t.M
0B"Sit* 8011 Dl,»°«l ft*itmt Sy.t... for Ssptic Tuk
(k*	Bol. Of till Ssptic Tank
fros'sspti^Saks* **	Ho... and Hydraulic Loading of and Discharge
,MO"1 #f tir" fr°'	*««*	By S(lj CoiOBBS
fsssibility stadi*. oa otiitllBg s.dia, Bicarboaat. with ssptic Task
vr.at.sat of a B..id.atiai s.ptic Taak Bffla..t ia aa iarobic Lagoon
Th. D.v«lop..nt of soil Clogging in Saads L.ach.d *itk ssptic tank Sffla*at
Pilldi*1* P*r°olatioa tat. of Paaasylvaaia Soils for ssptic Tank Draiaags
S.ptic Taak. and n.ir ,«,ct. OJ gBvitOM„t
Phosphora. Diatribatioa fro. s.ptie Tank «ffl,.at ia Coital Plaia Soil.
Bffcti,. Phosphor.. .„o.m By Mding >1„ ,0 S.ptic faak
1 SWMI #f Ho"#kola Tr.ata.at Sy.t...
Baetariophag.. iMovim Fro. Saptag.
Pr...ar. Sswsr D..oa*tration
01d-Fla.h.d Toilst. Oaia
Cas. Stady: Coat Bff«ctiv. Svala.ti*. a# 0.-1
Syst.as ia 0BMw.r.d lr.a.	°n ot °"
Otto Policy
Daaitrificatioh of Bitrifi.d s.ptic taak Ifflaaat
flat.r Conservation .ad Va.t.flov i.dactioa ia th. Hoaa
Coapariag Toil.t Coapoat with Oth.r orgaaio fa.t. Soorcs
Pablic B.altk Ispwt* of oa-Sit. Bast. TrMtMit
Baaioipal Disposal aad Tr.ata.at of s.ptie Taak Sladg.
Dvsign Procsdar. for a Baral Pr..sar. s.«.r syst.a
Prot.ctiag Bat.r Sappii.* Throagk S.v.rl.aa sanitation
Citi.a 1m& S.«.rl... Toil.t.
Dasiga carva. for S.ptaga
fat.rl.ss Sanitation Por last ir.ai
B.» York stat. Staadards for Xadividaal Boas«kold Syst...
tatara of Bfflaaat Batri.ats to th. Bataral cycl. Through Bvaportranspiration
aad Babsoil-Xafiltratioa of Do...tic Ba.t.«at.r
Baral Bo.. Ba.t.*at.r Charact.ri.tic.
A Bod.l for tlaaaiag aad location of Oa-Sit. vast. Diapoaal Syataaa
Thirty-riv. T.ara of m. of a Bataral Sand Bad for Polishing a s.condarr-
traat.d Bffla.nt
-------
117
10001*7
1000148
10001*9
1000150
1000151
1000152
1000153
100015*
1000155
1000156
1000157
1000158
1000159
1000160
1000161
1000162
1000163
100016*
1000165
1000166
1000167
1000168
1000169
1000170
1000171
1000172
1000173
100017*
1000175
1000176
1000177
1000176
1000179
1000160
1000181
1000182
1000183
vatar Bacycling at Highway Bast Stations
Parforaanca of Singla Hoasahold Traataant Units
ft Problaa That Boa*t Flash ftvay
I Orayvatar Soil Traataant Systaa
Savarlaas Sanitation! vatar Shortags Bay Stiaalata sanitary Innovations
Onsaturatad Floa Daring Soil Traataant of Saptic Tank Bfflaaat
Diatribation of Doaastic Basts Bfflaant in Soil Absorption Bads
Banaficial Bffacts of Baking soda Iddad to Saptic Tanks
Savaga Traataant Systaa Including Bfflaant Bvaporator
Tha ldaquacy and uniforaity of Isgulations for On-Sita Vastavatar Disposal -
i Stats Viawpoint
laboratory Stadias on Stisnlation of Biological Danitrification
Bitrogsn Transfornations Daring Sabsarfaca Disposal of Saptic Tank Bfflaant
in sandst I. soil Transfornations
¦itrogan Transforsations Daring Sabsarfacs Disposal of Saptic Tank Bfflaant
in Sandst XX. Oroand Vatar Qaality
Byon*a Saptic-Tank Practicaa Corractad
Saptic Tanks
Cost cosparison of fastavatar Collaction and Disposal lltarnatlvas
Savaga Traataant by a Saptic Tank
Bfflaant Prassors Sawar Systaas
Parforaanca of tltarnating Saapaga Bads in Ontonaeon Clay ,
Tha Xnflaanca of saptic Tank Draiafialds on Qroundsatar Quality in Jkraas
of High Oroandvatar
la analysis of Saptic Tank Survival Data froa 1952 to 1972 in Fairfax county
Virginia
Danonstrating tha Paasibility of Vacaua and Prassara sawara
Watar Usa and Vastavatar and Basidoals Oanaration in Boaaaholdst Potantial
for conssrvation
Banagaaant eaidalinas for On-Sita Savaga Systaas
Xntaraittant Sand Filtration and Disinfaction of Snail Vastanatar Flows
Traataant Through soil of saptic Tank Bfflaant
Onsita Vastavatar Disposal! ft local Sovarnaant Dilaaaa
Subsurfaca Savaga Disposal and Contasination of Ground vatar la Bast Fort-
land, Oragon
Fhosphata Sorption charactaristics of Soils Traatad With Doaastic Basts Vatar
In 0psrator*s Via* of Parforaanca! sanitation Diatrict *3, Boyd county,
Kantucky
Danonstration of Basts Flow Bsduction Froa Boaaaholda
I Consultant1s Ovarviav of On-Sita Bands
Bzparianca with Prassura Savaraga
Disposal of Doaastic tostavatar by Billaida Sprays
Disposal of Donsstic vastavatar by Billsida sprays. Discussion by Balph stona
¦athods of Oaologic Bvalaation of Pollution Fotantial at Bountain Boaasitas
Opflov Filtars for Saptic Tank Bffluants
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118
1000184
1000185
1000186
1000187
1000188
1000189
1000190
1000191
1000192
1000193
100019*
1000195
1000196
1000197
1000198
1000199
1000200
1000201
1000202
1000203
1000209
1000205
1000206
1000207
1000208
1000209
1000210
1000211
1000212
1000213
100021*
1000215
1000216
1000217
1000218
1000219
1000220
Srayvatar for tha 6r««nhoasa
Bitrata In 6round l»t«r of tkt rrtno-ClOTii Batropolitan lr*t, California
Onaita faatavatar Disposal kltarnativaa - i Bathodology for Bvaluation
Public Banagaaant of Saptic-Tank Syataaa 1* a Practical Bathod of flaintananca
fatar Quality and Bconoaic Critaria for Baral faatavatar and fatar Supply
Syataaa
Boaada for tka Traataant aad Disposal of saptic Tank Effluant
Iffacta of fatar Softanar Baa on Paraaability of Saptic Tank Saapaga Pialda
socio-tconoaic Factora Involvad in tha Davalopsant of Bon-Cantral Syataaa
Batar Conaarvation and faatawatar Dispoaal
Sising an Bvapotranapiration Wasta Diapoaal Syataa for Saaaar Oparatlon
kltaraatlva Bathoda of lagulatiag Onaita Doaaatic Sawaraga Syataaa
traataant Syataaa Baqoirad for Surfaca Discharge of Onaita fastawatar
land Traataant of faatawatara for Baral Coaaunitiaa
Baaagaaant Suidallnaa for Coavantional and kltarnativa Onaita Savaga Sya-
taaa - faahingtoa stata
Soil Evaluation of Sitaa for ibaorptlon syataaa
3naita faatavatar Pacilitiaa for Saall Coaaanitiaa and Sabdivlalona
Tha Parforaanca of Bouaahold faatavatar Traataant onita Ondar Plaid Condi-
tioaa
lltarnata Syataaa for Bfflaant Traataant and Diapoaal
Piald ippllcations Sand Bound and BTapotraaspiration syataaa
Daar craak laka - Oa-Land faatavatar Traataant Syataa
in Ovarviav of Diapoaal Optional Tha Ontario Prograa
Bovaaant of Phosphorus froa a Saptic syataa Drainfiald
Saptaga Diapoaal Practicaa
Oaing Soil Snrvay Xnforaation to Plan Boaa Sawaga Diapoaal Syataaa
Bacirculating Sand Piltari In tltarnativa to Traditional Sawaga Ibaorption
Syataaa
k Concaptaal Bodal of Butriant Tranaport la Subsurfaca Soil Syataaa
kbowa Orouad sawaga Diapoaal in laral saakatckawan
lagal Controla kpplicabla to Saall Sawaga Diapoaal Jyataaa
Coat-Bindad Coaaunity Chooaaa Saall Diaaatar srawity Syataa
Saptaga Diapoaal la faatavatar Traataant plaata
Praaaura Diatributioa to Xaprova Soil tbaorption Syataaa
Bzpariaaatal study on Baaoval of Pollatanta froa Doaaatic Sawaga by Undar-
drainad soil Piltara
Cood Saptic Tank cara ivoida Problaaa
Coaparison of Saptic Ta,nk add karobic Traataant Onltat Tha Iapact of Waata-
watar Variationa on Thaaa syataaa
Soil ibaorptioa of Saptic Tank Mfluaat in Bodarataly Paraaabla Pina silty
Soila
Saptic Tanka Bow Poaaibla on Baarly 111 Soil Typaa
208 Prograa
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119
L000221
1000222
L000223
1000224
L000225
1000226
1000227
L000228
L000229
1000230
1000231
1000232
1000233
1000234
1000235
1000236
1000237
1000238
1000239
1000240
1000241
1000242
1000243
1000244
1000245
1000246
1000247
1000248
1000249
1000250
1000251
1000252
'000253
1000254
1000255
1000256
1000257
1000258
1000259
Soils and Septic Tank*
Sit* resting for tki Design of Septic Systems
The ImI for I ¦proving Septic Sfitn Bepair Practices
1 Surrey and Discussion of son Innovative on-Sita Savage Disposal systess
Installed in Indiana
Coabuition toilet
Septic Tank Disc Quits
Design of Wastewater Disposal Systess for Individual Dwellings
Changts in Inorganic litrogenons Coapounds froa Septic Tank affluent in a
Soil vith a Flootuating later fable
soodbye to the Flash Toilet
FlashLng Device
Baral wastes: Ideas leaded
¦o Discharge Treatment Systems
O.S. IH Basponse to Pi 92-500 lelating to Sural Wastewater Probless
FlashLng Toilet Apparatus
Probltas of On Site Sewage Disposal
Broadwater Pollution froa a Septic Tile
Groundwater Quality Adjacent to a Septic Tank Systes
Coapact Sewage Treatment Apparatus
Soils Infiltration and Evaporation of lasteyater by Aerobic Processes
Ose of Soil for Disposal and Treataent of Septic Tank Iffluent
Percolation Tests for Septic Tank Suitability in Southern Arisona Soils
State Perspective - Facilities Planning for Saall Dasewered Coasunities in
Illinois
Disposal of Septic Tank Iffluent in Soils
Siting, Design, and Application Factors in Bona Sewage Treataent systess
Performance of Septic Tank Disposal Fields in Bepresentative Bichigan Soils
Analysis and Performance of a Sewage Osmosis System
An Bsperimental Bound System for Disposal of Septic Tank Bffluent in Shallow
Soils over Creviced Bedrock
lastewater Treataent Systeas for Bural Communities
legal. Planning and Economic considerations of on-site Sewerage Systems
Septic litrogen and Phosphorus leaoval Test Systea
Hone Sewage Disposal Systems - Past and Present
Travel of Bicroorganisms from a Septic Til*
Imfluence of Temperature ea the Farformanee of Septic Tank Systeas
Efficiency of m Septic file System
Septic Tank Systea
Bacetrack Sewage Plant Solves Diaaitt's Sanitation Problaaa
Boyd Comaty Demonstration Project
Fecal Bacterial lamoval from Sewage by Soils
Sewerless Sanitation: sewer versus Sewerless flethods - A Beport by a
Congressional Committee
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120
1000260
1000261
1000262
1000263
100026*
1000265
1000266
1000267
1000268
1000264
1000270
1000271
1000272
1000273
100027*
1000275
1000276
1000277
1000278
1000279
1000280
1000281
1000282
1000283
100028*
1000285
1000286
1000287
1090288
1000289
1000290
1000291
1000292
1000293
100029*
1000293
1000296
¦valuation of tha field Parcolatlon Taet and an lltaruatWa Procedure to
Tut soil Potential for Disposal of septic Tank lfflmt
Soil Testing certification
Currant statu of On-Sit* int»»it«r aanageaent
¦•port on the Tan Stat* Coaaittee for Onsite Sevage Systaaa
Plo« Bednction of vast* «»tar froa Bouseholds
Use of Bactaria in kssessiag «aata Treatseat and Soil Disposal syateaa
lorn pressere sawar Systea with Grinder Panpa Provides Bastevater Collection
Versatility
Plastic Pipe, Pressure savers. Bark Expansion
Pressure sever Systess Cain lev Popularity
tadividael Onsite Bastevater Systea Banagaaent in Colorado
Bhat*s la the Patore for Cosposting Toilets
Validatiag Onsite Treatseat in California
later Be-Ose by Oltra-filtratioa in Individnal Building
Probleaa vitk Iffloent Seepage Fields
In idea in Beed of Bethinking* tke flask Toilet
Sevage Treataent for Saall Coaannities
Expanding Baste Bater Treataent considerations «t Corps of Engineers ¦•-
creation Areas
Bational Baais for Septic Tank Systea Design
feasibility of Xaproved Sabsurface Disposal
feasibility of Xnproved sabsnrface Disposal (Discussion)
Biological Oxidation - k Technology Assesssent
I Prototype O*onation Baste Treataent Systea for th 0.8. Amy
Sanitary surveys and Sarvivnl Carves of Septic tank Systeas
Bhy «e Beed Alternative On-site systeas
I Study of Bigkvay Best tru fastevater Disposal
Bacal Boasehold Bastevater characteristics
lov Cost Buxal Sevage Systea
Tveaty-five tears vitk the Bodak Baste Disposal Systaa
Bater Quality and Solid Vaate Probleas ia Bural lav Bexieo and Soae Solutiona
Bational Saaitatloa foaadation Proposed standard Bo. *0 for Individual
kerobie Bastevater Treatseat Pleats
Septic Tank Perforaanoe
Bilvankee stady ires
teport on Fcessare Beverage systes. Suaaer Street Separation Study Area
Boston, Msssckssett*
1 Stady of flov leduction and Treataent of Baste Bater froa Bonsekolds
Treatseat of Undiluted Basaa Baste by the Activated Sludge Process
Bffeet of food Baste Orinders oa Septic Tank systeas. Beport to the federal
Boasisg Idslnistration
¦•port of a Study sponsored by tke federal Bousing Idalaistration to Develop
Practical Design Criteria for Seepage Pits as a Bethod for Disposal of Septic
Tank Bfflaent
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121
1000297
1000296
1000299
1000300
1000301
1000302
1000303
1000304
1000305
1000306
1000307
1000306
1000309
1000310
1000311
1000312
1000313
1000314
1000315
1000316
1000317
1000316
1000319
1000320
1000321
1000322
1000323
1000324
1000325
1000326
1000327
1000326
1000329
1000330
1000331
Study on Septic Taoka and Septic Tank Disposal Status
Develop Practical Design Criteria for Seepage Pits as a Bethod for Disposal
of Septic Tank Effluent
Individual Bona Wastewater Characteritation and Treatment
Coaparison of Septic Tank and Aerobic Treataent Onits: The lapact of Waste-
water Variations on These syataaa
Peasabllity of Treating Septic Tank taste by Activated Sladge
Report on the Plant Bvaluation at Old Faithful wastewater Treataent Plant-
Tellowstone Bational Park
¦eport on the Plant Evaluation at Fishing Bridge Wastewater Treataent Plant,
Tellowstone Bational Park
Systen for Transporting Wastewater by Vacuun
Pinal Beport to the Aaerican Society of civil Engineers on Task 7 and Task 9.
Septic Tank and Bouaehold Sewage Systeas Design and Use (Citations fron the
BTZS Data Base)
Septic Tank and floasehold sewage Systeas Deaign and use (Citations froa the
Engineering Index Data Baae)
Statue of Alternative Syateas for Septic Waatea Disposal in Borth Carolina
Boasehold Water Conservation and Wastewater Flow Seduction
Wastewater Plow Seduction study
Evaluation of Extended Aeration Treataent at Becraatien Areas
Basic Baste characteristics at Bister Becreatlon Areas
Evaluation of Waste Treataent Systeat Cheaawa Xadian School
Barine Besources Facility, Dare county, Borth Carolina
Suburban Sewerage Systena
Sewage Diapoaal Syataaa Applicable to Subdivialoaa
Septic Tank Deaign Bconoaic Factors Involved
Septic Tanks and Disposal Fields
Investigation of a Proposed Beclrculation Systea for Toilet Waatea
Septic Tank Beaearch Developeent
Inveatigation of Techniguea to Provide Advance flaming of eroand-Bater Pollu-
tion Basarda with Special Beference to Aguifera in Olaclal Outwaah
Control techniguea for Pressurised Sewerage syataaa
Survey of Antarctic Bater supply and waate Diapoaal Facilltiea, Practices,
and Probleaa
Bater and Bastewater Flan, Anderson, Blount, and Knox Countiea, Tennessee.
Voluae II. Bastewater Collection and Treataent
Bast* Source and Water Quality Studlea, Sarf City, Borth Carolina and
Vicinity
groundwater Foliation fron Subsurface Bxoa rations
A Study of Selected Beeaoalc and Eaviroaaeatal hspeota of ladividnal Beae
Bastewater Treataent Syataaa
A Beview of on-site Doaeatic sewage treataent Procaaaea and systea Alterna-
tives
¦valuation of Beabrane Separatioa Processes, carbon Adsorption, and Ozonation
for Treataent of B0ST Bospital Bastes
Developaent and Teatlng of a Waatewater Becycler and Beater
Water Quality Degradation by Septic Taak Drainage
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122
1000332
1000333
100033*
1000335
1000336
1000337
1000338
1000339
1000390
10003*1
10003*2
10003*3
10003**
10003*5
10003*6
10003*7
10003*8
10003*9
1000350
1000351
1000352
1000353
100035*
1000355
1000356
1000357
1000358
1000359
1000360
1000361
1000362
1000363
100036*
1000365
1000366
1000367
The Bole of Sewage Lagoons at Corps of Engineers ¦•creation fcreas
Septic Tanks. ft Bibliography with Abstracts
Transient Analysis of a Stat* Park Extended Aeration Wastewater Facility
Transpiration and Bvaporation of Sewage Effluent
(•versa Osaosis Study on B0ST Rastewater Traataant
Saptic Tank Disposal Systsss as Phosphorus Sources for Surface Raters
Develop and Field Tsst Hathod of Installing Pressure Conduits in Coabined
Sewers (Task 7)
Trsatsant and Disposal of Rastes Puaped fros saptic Tanks
fasts Trsatsant for Snail Floss
Lake Qainault Sswage Collection and Trsatasnt Facility
Fressarised sewer Collection Systens
Virasss in Polar Sanitation, I litaratura Beviev
Frocsss Design for Trsating Shower Rastewater by Oltrafiltration
Saptic Tank Bfflaent Hoveaeat Through Soil
Faadaaentals Governing saptic Tank Design and Installation
Laboratory and Pilot Plant Bvaloatlon of zntaraittent loading on Ssall-Scala
Extended taration Biological Systaas
Ksssarch laeds Belating to On-Sita Traataant of Donastic Rastes (Snsaary of
lorksbop Bald at tha University of Baine at Orono, lug. 10-11, 1977)
Dasonstration of a ion-igneous Sewage Disposal Systes
6round-Bater Quality in tha Davie landfill, Broward county, Florida
Individual Bona Aerobic Wastewater Traataant Systaas
Onderwater Storage Tank
Evaluation of a Vapor Cosprassion Distillation Onit for lanndry Wastewater
¦suss
¦walaation of an lir Stripping-Oxone contactor Systas
Depth of Oround cower Owar Shallow absorption Systaas as an Influence on
Ssptic Tank soil Psrforsanca
Biniaas Transport Telocity for Fressarised Sanitary Sawars
Znnowationt 1 Cass Study
Prassare Sever Dasonstration at tha Boroagh of Phoenizvilla, Pennsylvania
Cold Begioas Scieace and Bngineeriag Bonograph 3, Section A2d: Utilities on
Imiiiit Snowfialds
later Foliation by Batriants - Soarces, Bffscts and control
Inproving Design Criteria for Saptic Tank Systsss
tssidantial later Conservation
Banaal of Septic-Tank Practice
loads and Utilities. Billow Croak Bscraation Site, Baron Reservoir, Raw
Bexico
Foliation IbateBeat Project. Carlsbad Cawarns Rational Park, Haw Hexico
laral Rater and Sewer Systsss Probless, Reeds, Issass, Opportunities, and
Boalst A Baport o* the Proceedings of tha Rational Organisational conference
of the Batioaal Rural Rater issociation (1st) Bald in Oklahoaa city, Okla-
hosa, os April 15 and 16, 1976
I Flotation Bethod for the Treatnent and Clarification of Tallow soap-Based
Issndry Rsste Water
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123
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L000369
1000370
1000371
1000372
1000373
1000374
1000375
1000376
1000377
1000378
1000379
1000380
1000381
1000382
1000383
1000381
1000385
1000386
1000387
1000388
1000389
1000390
1000391
1000392
1000393
100039*
1000395
1000396
1000397
1000398
1000399
1000400
1000*01
1000*02
Ocean Outfalls tad Other Hatkoda of Treated laatavatar Disposal In Soathaast
Florida, Transcript of Proceedings laid in laka Worth, Florida, January 2«,
1973, liasi Beach, Florida, January 26, 1973, Fort laadardala, Florida,
January 27, 1973
Hetropolitan Peaaacola Five Taar Savar Plan
Advanced Davalopaant of Hoaaahold Paap-Storaga-6rindar Onit (Task 6)
long-Tors Operation of Wastewater Obsarration Stations (Task 2)
Prelininary Design of a Household Befnse erinder
Feasibility of Becycling laundry wastewaters at Hllltary Qaartersaster
laundries
Water Osage and Wastewater Characterisation at a Corps of Engineers le-
er eat ion Area
A Survey of the Sanitary Conditions of Higrant labor Caaps
A Prieer on wastewater Treatsent
Sewage Treatsent Facilities for Federal Installations
I study of selected Bconosic and Bnviroaaental Aspects of Individunl Rose
Wastewater Treatsent Systees
Econoaical lesidential Freeware Sewer Systes with Bo Bfflaent
Relationship of Sewage Characteristics to Carrying Telocity for Pressors
Sewers
Coaprehensive Long-Raage Sewerage Plan for the lawtoa Retropolitaa Irta
lake Coanty Florida. Sanitary Wastewater Treatsent and Disposal as Related
to Developnent
Rater Probless in the Rural Baviroaaeatj Alternative Solations for Water
Snpply and Wastewater Disposal. Proceedings of a Conference Held at lincola,
Rebraska, on Rovesber * and 5, 1976
Rater Conservation Devices: Residential Water Conservation
Roasehold Waste Water
Rater Reuse at Highway Best Areas* Evaluation phase
Septic Tanks and the Environment
Best Area Wastewater Treatsent and Disposal
HHFA-OSPHS Household Sewage Disposal Project. Report and Appendices
Progress Report of RHA - 0SPHS Household Sewage Disposal
Hanual of Saptic-Tank Practice. Developed in Cooperation with the Joint Cos-
nittee on Rural Sanitation
Trailsr Court Sanitation with suggested Ordinances and Regulations
Rnvironsental Health Guide for Hobile Hose Parks with a Recosaended ordinance
Rater Related utilities for Ssall Coasunities in Raral Alaska
Individual Household Aerated Haste Treatsent Systes
The Rhode Island water Besources Besearch Frograa, Annual Report (7th)
special Study of sewage Treatmnt Facilities at Haeaotk Cave Rational Fark,
Kentucky
Integrated Waste Hanagesent Systenst Onsite BIOS Applications
Integrated waste Hanagesent Systenst Onsite HIOS Applications
Evaluation of the Bio-Disc Treatsent Process for Sanner Canp Application
Bvnluation of the Bio-Disc Treatsent Process for Susser Caap Application
Land Dse Patterns, Butrophication, and Pollution in Selected lakes
-------
12«
t000«03
1000*0*
1000*05
1000*06
1000*07
1000*09
1000*09
1000*10
1000*11
1000*12
1000*13
MM*1«
MOO* 15
1000*16
1000*17
1000*10
1000*19
1000*20
1000*21
1000*22
1000*23
1000*2*
1000*25
1000*26
1000*27
1000*20
1000*29
1000*30
1000*31
1000*32
1000*33
1000*3*
1000*35
1000*36
1000*37
Invironi ntal Effect* of Septic Tank syst«as
The Xapact of Vacation Bona a oa rational foreat later leaonrcea
Proceedings of Conference oa liter Conservation and Sewage Flow Redact loo
with later-Saving Devices, 1*16 at Pennsylvania Stat* Outvarsity on lpril 8,
9, and 10, 1975
Data leport: Beadow/Barak/Pond Systea
Coaprekensive Sewerage plan. Part 1. Data Susaaryt Public Sewerage syateaa
lutnatar Disposal Systes
Interest Group Parcaptioas of Developseat Issaas in tidewater, Virginia
0S1P Robility Prograa lastevater Treatsent Syataa
Salactioa and operation of Snail laatewater Traataant Pacilitiaa-Training
lanaal
•ash later Vast* tratraataaat Syataa
Proceediags of lortk Caroliaa Conference on later Conservation, laid at loyal
Villa, lalaigk. I.e., oa Saptaabar 3-*, 1975
Disposal of Sewage Sladga Into a Sanitary landfill
liodegratioa of Disposabla Dlapar cosponents in Saptio Tanks
last ina lastevater Disposal
Onll lakot Past, Prasant, Future
1 Stady of Disposal of Caapground lastss idjacant to taldo laks, Oragon
The Ckaractaristics and Oltisata Disposal of Vasta Saptio Tank Sladga
Pressor* Tubing Pi*ld Investigation
Proposed Bunidpal Plans aad Progress for Pollatioa Control. Tolan* Ii
StaAias on	lost (ledical Onit, Self-contained Traasportabla) field lospital
lastewater treatsent
Ixperieaoe with Orinding and Paapiag of Savage froa Buildings
liperience vith grinding and Panping of Sewage Proa Buildings (concluded)
lon-lechanical considerations Involved in Xsplesenting Pressurised Sewerage
Systess
la Izaaination of the Benefits aad Disadvantages witk lespect to the Disposal
of solid lastes
Systea stady, Vacuus sewage Collectioa
I Systea for Oeologic ivaluatioa of Pollatioa Potential at lonntain Dvellina
Sites
Xnvestigatioa of Betkods for Dsteraiaiag Optiaua Powdered carbon aad Poly-
electrolyte Dosages in Bilitary lastswater Traataant Systess
Ivaporation of lastevater froa loantain Cabins
Opening onserviced lots to lailding by Ose of Septic Taak
Septic Tankss Stadias and Perforaance
& Technology Issessaent Betkodology. Voluse XV. later Pollution! Doaestic
lastes
& Stady of ths Biological aspects of pailare of Septic Tank Percolation
Systess
I Stady of lethods of Preveatiag Pailare of Septic-Tank Percolatioa Pields
Biological Ispects of Failure of Septic-Tank Percolatioa Systeas
Segregation and leclaeation of loasshold lastevater at aa Xadividnal
lesldeace
-------
125
1000438
1000439
1000440
1000441
1000442
1000443
1000444
1000445
1000446
1000447
1000448
1000449
1000450
1000451
1000452
1000453
1000454
1000455
1000456
1000457
1000458
1000459
1000460
1000461
1000462
1000463
1,000464
1000465
1000466
1000467
1000468
1000469
1000470
1000471
1000472
1000473
1000474
1000475
1000476
Study of Crisis utilisation of large Shelter Space
Land application of Bastavatar and Stat* Batar Lavt An Overviav (Voluae 1}
Bydraulics of a Pressurized sewerage Syataa and Ose of Cantrlfagal Maps
Sevage Flow Variations is Individual Boaas
Fiald Evaluation of a Danitrlflcation Systan
Baaova klgaa through Blcroscreenlng
Ira Relaxed lagoon Standards too Ralaxad?
Bastavatar lagoon as an Irrigation Source
Bural Bastavatar Disposal lltarnatlvas
In Bvaluation of tha Parforaanca of Boaaahold Aerobic Savaga Treataent Onits
Parforaanca of laroblc Traataant onits
Oiractory of Coaposting Systaaa
Coaposting Privy Bastes at Recreation Sltaa
Basts Sagragatloa to Facilitate Oasita Bastavata Disposal lltarnatlvas
tha Bovaaant of Salts, Butrianta, Pacal Colifora and Urns Balov Seotlc
Leach Plaids in three soils	9
Daslga standards for Snail Saptio tank Systaas
Characteristics of Bfflvants froa Oray and Black Batar Saptle Tanks
Transport of Aatiblotic-rasistant Bscksrichia coll Through Bastarn oragon
Billslops Soils nndsr Conditions of sataratad Plow
Saptic Tanks carraatly liaitad for Federal Claan Batar Prograa
Bastavatar Paellitlas Planning and Privata Savaga Disposal
Public Banageaeat Baka saptic Systaas Viabla
Bban tha Cadillac Bits tha Pan
Alternative systaas at Reasonable Cost
Bky Considar Batar Conservation?
Batar Conservation - A Practical Approach
Ivapotransplration Bad Design
Teaporary Bastavatar Traataant in leaote Locationa
Effluent Distribution
Sevarless Sanitationj Bagional Agency Tests Aerobic Systaas
Design of a Septaga Disposal Facility
Alternative Bastavatar Banagasant Systaas
Design of Conventional Soil Absorption Trenches and Bads
Pond and Irrigation Systaas Offer Bconony and Flexibility
Bsperiences in Operating Snail Package-Type Sevage-Treataent onits
BOD isaoval Bates of Baste stabilisation Ponds as a Function of loading,
latention Tina, Teaperature and lydraalic Flov Pattern
Settling Bates of Algae froa Bastavatar lagoons
Decoapositlon of Sewage Sludge Conpost in Soil: II. Phosphorus and Sulfur
Transforations
Cost Analysis of Package Bastavatar Traa
Operating saall later and Saver Systeas
-------
126
1000*77
1000*78
1000479
1000*80
1000*81
1000*82
1000*83
1000*8*
1000*85
1000*86
1000*87
1000*88
1000*89
1000*90
1000*91
1000*92
1000*93
1000*9*
1000*95
1000*96
1000*97
1000*98
1000*99
1000500
1000501
1000502
1000503
100050*
1000505
1000506
1000507
1000508
1000509
1000510
1000511
1000512
1000513
100051*
Prediction of Septic-Systea tailor**
flanaged On-site Disposal in Unaevered lreaa
Sequencing Batch Treataent of laatewatera in Bural lreaa
Colifora Decay Bataa ia Vast* Stabilisation Ponds
Interaittent Operation of th* Bxt*nd*d laration Process for Saall Systeas
Pressnre Sever 3yst*e Design
Boa* in on last*wat*r Treataent
Lagoon lerator - lot Jut a Fair leather Friend
Changes in Concentrations of Selected Cheaical Pollutants in let. Tile-drain-
ed soil Systeas as Influenced by Disposal of Septic Tank Effluents
appropriate Sanitation
I lei Concept for Besidential Wastewater Disposal
ti« Sewage lagoons in th* Hidwast
alternative fast* Syst*as, Bibliography
Environsental Sanitation abstracts - low Cost Optioas
The Privy Project
letion Plan for Alternative Wastewater Banageaent Systeas Investigation and
Iapl*a*ntation in California
Analysis of Bacterial Populations in the Final Product of the Clivus Hultrua
23 fays to Sav* Vatar ia an laergency
a Sispl* Low-Cost Rural Coapost-Privy
Excreta Disposal fithout later
Tiling* Sanitation Inprov*n*nt Schaa*, India
aign* Separation fron Oxidation Pond Effluents
Baaaal of 6r*y later Tr*atn*nt Practic* (Part I and Part II)
Design and Construction Baneal for lisconsin Bounds on Slowly Peraeable
Soils lith or lithout High later Tables; Shallow Peraeable Soils over
Creviced Bedrock; Perneable Soils with Bigh later Tables
Site Evaluation for Seepage Fields
Banagenent of Septic Tank Solids
Soil as a Media for Sewage Treatsent
an Evaluation of Evaporation Transpiration Sewage Systens installed in lake
County since 1973
Design, Construction and Coats of Becirculating sand Filters
Private Sewage Treatnent - an Overview
The Use of Soils in Begard to the Installation of a Sabsurfaca Sewage Dis-
posal Systea
alternative on-site Sewage systens in lood County, lest Virginia - a Field
survey
The aerobic Treatsent of th* Septic Field
Hydrogen Peroxide Treatsent of Failed Seepage Trenches
Brants for Private Sewage Disposal Systeas
Bound Systeas for On-site Disposal for Problea Soils
Private Sewage Disposal Baulers and Septage Disposal
Evaluation of lastewater Treatsent alternatives for Snail Cosannities
-------
127
1000515
1000516
L000517
1000518
1000519
1.000520
1000521
1000522
1000523
1000524
1000525
1000526
1000527
1000526
1000529
1000530
1000531
Current Trends in Packaged Wastewater Treatment Facilities (Part I)
Current Trends in Packaged Wastewater Treatment Facilities (Part XI)
Current Trends in Packaged Wastewater Treatment Facilities (Part III)
Current Trends in Packaged Wastewater Treatment Facilities (Part IT)
Cost Effective analysis - alternatives for Small Wastewater Treatment Systems
Pressure Setters/Vacuum sewers - alternatives for Small wastewater Treatment
Systens
On-site Disposal/Septage Treatment and Disposal - alternatives for Small
Wastewater Treatsent Systems
Opgrading lagoons
Pressors and Vacuum Sewer Demonstration Project - Bend, Oregon
Banagenent of Small lasts Flows
The Toilet Papers
Rural wastewater Disposal alternatives. Final Deport - Phase Z
anaerobic slndge Digestion Operations Hanual
Goodbye to the Flush Voilet
Evaluation of Domestic Waste Disposal by Bermed Infiltration Ponds 1971-1975
Proceedings of the Fourth annual Illinois Private Sewage Disposal Sysposlmm
Proceedings of the Illinois Private Sewage Disposel Symposium, 1978
-------
AOTBOB
XBDBX
Ibnay, J.l.
lllaaan, 0.
lndaraan, B.B., Jr.
kndaraon, J.L.
andraws, v.r.
kpplagran, f.
Irntroig, J.H.
Itplti, B.«.
Inlaabach, D.B.
tastarn, B.l.
Ifttltt, B.B.
IfUl, J. B.
UCB, B.Y.
Bltt, B.D.
liiltTf
kil«Ti <•!.
Btkar, F.8.
BiiktMk, 1.1.
Bnncy, 9.3., Jr.
Barb*rick, K.&.
Uuiii, B.B.
Baiagartnar, O.J.
Baatty, b.t.
Back, l.T.
bmt, c.b.
Ball, B.r.
Btiter, b.b.
Nlilxw, T.B.
BMMtt« B.B.
Bauatt, S.B.
Banolt, B.J.
Bast, B.6.
Barnardin, r.B.
Barahart, l.v.
Barthold, e.B.
Barilla, B.
Bkurtki l.S.
Bllaa Idtis, l.
Blankanahip, B.B.
1000004,1000017
L000072
1000187
1000214,1000222,1000258
1000503
1000078
1000188
1000529
1000030,1000146
L000025
1000347
1000407
L000291,1000292
1000263
1000126,100026*
L000293
1000032,1000066,1000145,
L000218
1000330
1000352
1000241
1000161
1000294
1000243
L000463
1000120,1000246
1000041
1000221
1000278,1000295,1000296,
1000297,1000298,1000355
10*0144,1000201,1000217,
1000299,1000300
1000301
1000293
1000250
1000002
1000143
1000255
1000207
1000479
1000489
1000080
Boa, 0.
Boagly, b.j.
ImjITi J., Jr.
Boogay, B.l.
Boaaa, J.
Boanda, T.
Bowan, B.B.
Bowlaa, 0.8.
Bowna, B.C.
Boyla, B.C.
I, B.
Braaflald, J.F.
Bravar, B.S.
Bcodia, B.l.
Brown, K.B.
#
Brown, B.J.
Barant, B.
Batlar, S.
Baisall, T.
Cndann, T.f.
Cndalk, C.1.
Cain, J.B.
Calabro, J.P.
Caldwall, D.B.
Caaacon, J.
Canala, B.P.
Cannon, D.B.
Carcl«h, I. a.
Carllla, B.l.
Carlaon, J.
Chakladar, B.
Chan, B.l.
Chan, B.C.
Chang, B.B.
Chlan, B.8.K.
Chowdhry, B.l.
1000302,1000303
1000398
1000399
1000304
1000010,1000042,1000043
1000053,1000054,1000066!
1000082,1000094,1000113.
1000115,1000121,1000152
1000158,1000159,1000214'
1000218,1000219,1000240
1000247,1000258,1000260
1000055
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1000480
1000012
1000038,1000040,1000051
1000148,1000171,1000200*
1000285,1000521	*
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1000128	'
1000189,1000308,1000468
1000218
1000183
1000309,1000310
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1000354
1000215
-------
129
Chriatianson, C.
Chyrak, I.H.
Clark* B.D.
Cltrkf X» If.
Claanch, l.l.
Clayton, J.l.
Clascarl, V.l.
Cllft, B.l.
Clivar, D.O.
Coha&, S.
Conkling, P.I.
Convarsa, J.C.
Coolbroth, F.
Coopar, X.k.
Coopar, I.e.
Coppar, I.
Coray, l.B.
Cosanxa, B.J.
Cottaeal, J.I., Jr.
Coultar, J.B.
Covltar, J.B., Sr.
Covar, ft.
Coviallo, I.J.
Covan, I.P.
Cox, V.E.
Crataa, F.J.
Cravans, J.B.
cravfard, T.l.
Croaby, J.V.
Cross, P.
D*ftragon, P.
Danakar, J.B.
Daarth, K.
Dainlngar, J.P.
Davay, I.I.
DLdal, D.L.
Maas, t.J.
Dlz, S.P.
1000394
1000353
1000311,1000312,1000313
1000168,1000523
L000085
L000167
1000146
1000179
L000118
1000177
1000459
L000010,1000042,1000094,
1000153,1000189,1000214,
1000218,1000247,1000442,
1000465,1000500,1000512,
1000521
1000086
1000213,1000920,1008521
1000135
1000*67
1000058,1000190,1000250
L000119,1000127,1000339
L000096
1000295,1000296,1000315,
1000316,1000317,1000318,
1000319,1000320
1000298
1000176
1000002
1000354
1000211
1000163
1000443
1000304
1000321
1000087
1000027
1000322
1000079
1000265
1000206,1000339
1000134
1000021
1000191
Dodson, J.l.
Dostal, K.ft.
Draka, ft.B.
Draka, C.B.
Draanack, B.
Drobny, B.l.
Droahard, l.J., Jr.
Danlap, w.J.
Dyaant, B.
Bblan, J.l.
Bdwarda, J.
Iffart, D.O.
Bgganar, C.l.
Bhly, J.
II laskar, ft.B.
Ivaaa, J.l.
Fancy, J.
Far all, i.p.
Farrail, i.p.
Favraan, l.l.
Fay, B.C.
Faachaa, I.
Fadarleo, J.8.
Falga, l.l.
Falton, J.
Falton, J.T.
Fanton, l.l.
Farrla, J.J.
Fattar, C.l., Jr.
Fay, l.T.
Flak, i.t.
Flanigan, l.J.
Flatckar, P.>.
Ford, S.l.
Forran, I.K.
Fostar, D.B.
Fovlar, B.C.
Ftaaclagaas, l.l., j
Franko, I.
Fratal, i.l.
1000293
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1000518
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1000370,1000371
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130
Fried, c.
L000375
Havana, J.6.
L000305
Triad Ban, I. A.
L000498
Bayaa, B.B.
L000527
Friadaaa, D.S.
L000023
Baadatraaa, B.
L000347
Ftipp, 3.1., Jr.
L000001
Baaly, K.ft.
L000089,L000222,L000273,


L000277
Fagii, S. .
L000272



Hadatroa, «.
L000072
Fallartoa, B.B.
L0001M




Baidaan, J. ft.
L000301
Farakava, D.B.
L000336




Balliar, ¦.I., Jr.
L000334
6ainaa, F.B.
L000467




Bandricka, 6.F.
L000379
CtlotlM, 8.B.
L000030




Baraanaon, B.K.
L000170
Gibbs, B.B.
L000048,L000059




flarahaft, ft.
10000*9
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L000101




Batling, L.J.
L000006,L0000«5,L00008«,
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L000097
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L000329
Bickaan, K.
L000504
Qoldataia, S.B.
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Bill, D.B.
L000175

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Bill, B.C.
L000261
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Biacklay, f.ff.
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Binaa, B.
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Biaaa, B.B.
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Boahna, J.ft.
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BoltaB, B.B.
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Bolzar, T.L.
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Bopkiaa, 6.J
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Bovlay, J.B.
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Boxia, D.C.
L000020
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L000495




Haang, J.I.e.
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Bodaoa, J.F.
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SCOTM, U.S.
L000166




Batxlar, B.
L000051
Gaarino, T.J.
L000330




Batslar, B.J.
L0004«8
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L000003




Illiaa, J.B.
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euxdar, ft.B.
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L000455



Jacobaoa, ft.B.
L000M5
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Jakabowaki, B.B.
L000161
Baiton, J.B.
L000367




Jaaicak, 6.t.
L000091
Band, T.D.
1000332




Javaon, B.D.
L000032.L000102
BtBlOB, J.
L000149




Jay, F.ft.
L000106
Birdiaty, D.B.
L000277
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Barkia, J.B.
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Jaakiaa, S.B.
L000335
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Jcvall, B.J.
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131
Josrss, I. P.
L000162
Johnson, S.B.
LQ00022
Johnson, B.
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Johnson, B.I.
1000207
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L000321
Jonas, B.B.
L000161
Jonas, B.B., Jr.
1000103,1000117
Jonss, P.I.
L000035
Jonas, B.A.
L000337
Joraback, J.
L000078
Ft lb, K.B.
1000002
Karikari, T.J.
L000120
Karlgrsn, 1.
1000385
Raiianko, B.J.
1,000338
Kaanay, D.B.
1000053,100005*,1000056
1000132,1000250,1000**2
Kaapar, J.B.
100010a,1000105
Rannay, D.B.
1000157,1000158,1000159
Klein, s.l.
1000050,1000*36
Klapar, B.B.
1000329
Kling, a. P.
1000*55
Kolaga, J.J.
1000119,1000127,10001*0
L000206,1000339
Kopp, J.p.
L000319
Koraanik, 1.1.
L000M3
Kransa, l.B.
1000*57
Kcabs, j.b.
10002**
Rrslssl, J.F.
1000015,1000233,1000301
10003*0,1000403,1000520
Krivak, J.
1000220
Kroascha, J.l.
L000106
•troschal, B.l.
1000092
Kahnar, J.o.
L000169
Uak, B.
10000*4,1000089,1000119
L000150,1000273,1000277
Uak, B.O.
1000163
Lagstros, e.B.
L000107
Uabart, D.J.
1000203
Undins, B.C.
1000*8*
Ungfocd, B.B.
100016*
Langlots, i.t.
100022*
Urg«, D.f.
1000439
Lanff. q.b.
1000*17
lavranca, C.B.
L000290
lackaan, J.
10003*2
!••, r.
1000*36
, 6.P.
1000337
laa, o.o.
L000077
Ishr, j.b.
1000057
Lsich, B.B.
1.000081,1.000108,L0 00129
1000138,1000151,1000259
1000*66
Islnicks, J.B.
10002*2,1000511
tsnning, D.h.
1000170
Isnt, D.S.
1000036,10003*9
laonacd, B.B.
1000*50
Leonard, B.l.
1000339
laeros, p.e.
10003*3
Ligaan, K.
1000051
Liadstroa, C.
100018*
llastadt, K.D.
10001**,1000217,1000299
1000300
Lloyd, S.D.
1000193
Loabardo, P.
1000052
Lots*, B.O.
10003*5
Lots, S.
100027*
Lows, C.B.
1000*10
Incas, J.
1000**7
lacia, J.
100050*
lacician, p.
1000176
laacka, D.
1000169
Bachaiar, B.B.
1000165
BacCallas, B.
1000109
BacOragor, I.
1000022,1000110
BacKansla, T.e.
10003*6
Bagdoff, P.B.
1000053,100005*,1000056
100009*,1000121,1000158
10002*7
Bahloch, J.1.
10003*7
Ballory, C.B.
1000*27
Balloy, 1.
1000302,1000303
Balnag, K.I.
1000*18
Bann, B.T.
1000275
Barkna, p.I.
1000*10
Batalski, B.P.
1000122
Batthav, p. L.
10003*9
-------
132

1000350
Baabltt, P.B.
Battrav, B.C., Jr.

1000165
Baahala, B.B.
Battaon, 1.1.
Imttc, G.B.
1000024,1000202

BcBrida, F.l.
1000351
Bawaan, J«0«
BcCarthy, J.J.
1000353,100035*
Blchola, B.w.
HcCoy, B.
10000**,1000258,1000265,
alchols, B.l.
1000*55
Blcolla, B.P.
BcQaakay,
1000123,1000*3*,1000*35,
1000*36
Biadringhana, 1*
Bceiapaay, 1.J.
1000***
Biapano, K.
BcRia, B.l.
1000203
lorrla, D.P.
BcKnlght, J.S.
1000*38
Bottinghaa, B.C.
BcBakan, 1.1.
1000295,1000355
O'Brian, J.
BeBalty, K.J.
1000329
Olcott, *.8.
letkinoi, 1.1.
1000356,1000357
Olota, B.o.
Bakoafc, 6.
1000358
olaaon, B.l.
Balbowrs, J.
100001*
Oppalt, B.T.
Ballaa, *.1.
1000223,1000501,1000509
Orlob, O.T.
Bailer, B.
1000359
otia, B.J.
Ralnick, J.l.
1000063

BlAdaadorf, V.B.
1000098
Paatk, B.C.
Biddlabrooka, B.J.
1000*80
Parkar, c.B.
Blddlaton, B.B.
1000276
Parkar, D.l.
Blllar*, V.B.
1000*76
Parkar, D.s.
Blllar, 6.
1000*79
parr, J.P»
Billar, J.c.
1000111



Pata, P.
Blllar, B.
1000515,1000516,1000517,
1000518
pattaraon, D.B.
Bllaa, B.
1000362
Pattaraon, J.B.
Blnaar, B.l.
1000387
pattaraon, 1.
Bltckall, D.
L000361
Pattaraon, B.l-
Blxon, V.B.
1000398,1000399
Paaka, D.I.
Bobar9, v.J., Jr.
10002*8
Paaraon, B.C.
Bokaa. D.l.
10002*5
Paavy,
Bola, r.J.
1000335
Parr in, D.l.
Boraaa, B.
100006*
Pataraan, l.B.
Borlll, 8.B.. XX.
1000112
Patara, 9.0.
Borrla, V.K.B.
1000352
Pataraon, o.v.
¦aaalaad, 8.
1000078
Pattrj, D.B.
l.l.
1000387
PfatCar,
Baal# J.K.
1000*88
Phillip**
Baro, D.l.
1000265
Phillip*# 8.1.
1000139
10003*9
1000506
1000286
1.000*93
1000*98
1000*71
1000*83
1000*96
1000065,1000096,1000519
L000161
1000*89
1000159
1000190
1,000078,1000385
1000015
1000*3*
1000010,10000*0,10000*2,
1000113,10001*8,1000199,
1000200,1000*65,1000*69,
1000521
1000057
1000386
1000057,1000198
1000522
1000*7*
1000173
100022*,1000*69
1000387
1000225
1000188
1000*98
1000009
1000166
100003*.1000090
100035*
1000*57
1000189
1000060,1000067.100012*
1000388
1000*67
1000*00,1000*01
-------
133
Flaws, 6.D.
1000156,1000197,1000*69
Boost, T.D.
L000230
Pochop, 1.
L000072
Boss, C.B.
L000016,L000231
Poh, S.S.
1000327,1,000378
Boss, L.B.
L000271
Polhsaas, ~.».
L000023
Bosslsr, B.C.
L000057
Popkln, 1.1.
L000278
Bothsnbsrg, J.H.
L000398,L000399
Porto, D.D.
L000270
Bassslsann, B.B.
1000232,1000502
Post, D.P.
10002*1
Sack, l.l.
1000*00,1000*01
P«MCI| C.P.
1000*18
Saito, J.
1000272
Pri(eik( 8.
1000M7
Sandhu, S.S.
10000**
PTMlltti I.I.
L000025
Sanson, B.L.
1000137
prstorias, l.l.
L000226
Sargsnt, P.O.
1000*02
Pnchtlsr, B.
100039*
Savsr, O.K.
10000*0,1000171,1000195



1000200
pagslsy, B.B.
1000269




Saaadsgs, D.B.C.
100020*
Pirrttf W.J.
L000321




Sawhasy, B.L.
1000175,1000205
Oasis, S.B.
1.000*75




Saxtoa, 8.B.
1000*77
QnftBf B.l.
100017#




Scalf, l.B.
1000*03
Qaick, e.
100001*



Schllskslsaa, B.
1000*95
Oalglsy, j.t.
1000162




Schaidt, K.D.
1000185
Bah*, T.H.
1000*55




Sehwissow, B.P.
1000251
lajagopal, I.
1000,188



Scott, D.B.
1000*07
Balph, D.
L000505



Ssabloos, B.B.
1000*16
Illlli T.
1000183




Ssblan, D.J.
1000*57
Basos, 0.
1000358




SsgaH. B.l.
1000*0*
Bassbnrg, I.
L000375




Ssldsan, l.B.
1000139
K«4« O.K.
1000286




Ssnn, C.L.
1000262
Bssd, S.C.
L000196




Sspp, B.
1000180
is*a, s.i.
L000013




Sbah, l.K.
1000*75
hWf s.B.
1000379




Sharps, B.B.
1000133,1000*05,1000*61,
Bsld, B.
100039*
1000*9*
isia, I.e., Jr.
L000227,i000395
Sharpin, B.
1000169
Bsnsan, B.B., Jr.
1000060,1,000067,1000071,
Shaw, 1.6.
1000*62

1000124,L000228,L000*85




Shia, B.S.
1000*10
¦synolds, J.H.
1000*80



Sisgrist, B.
1000037,1000030,100*192,
link, B.
L000520
1000285,1000*51
Ituki J.i.
1.000213,1.000521
Slkora, 1. J.
IOOOOS#,WO«133,1*0#15T,


1000259,1000**2,1000*7*
Bkstt, J.*.
1000019,1000131




Silwsr, L.L.
1000367
BIOS, l.B.
1000462




Sispsoa, l.B.
1000091
¦Obb, J.I.
1000293




Skaggs, B.
1000222
I9b«rti( 1.
L000309,L000310




Slosy, B.I.
100002B
Boeksfsllsr, 1.
100010*



Slowsy, J.P.
1000*52
total*, 1.
L000229




Siall, l.
1000*06
-------
13*
Saith, D.B.
Saith, D.L.O.
Saith, a.B.
Saith, K.I.
Saith, B.B.
Saith, P.J.
Saith, B.J.
Sayser, S.
Saoevlak, ?.i,
Sobn}i l.D.
spugiKf r.t.
Spies, K.I.
Spohi, 8.V.
Spoiltflti C. B.
Springer, 1.a.
Sproal, O.J.
Stutl, I.B.
Stafford, B.T.
Stninbrook, e.a.
Starr* J.I.
stedinger, B.
L000407
1000246
1000408
L000409
1000061
1000142
1000120,1000246
L000075
1000410
1000063,1000308
1000028
1000283
L000136
1000411
1000409
1000114
1000458
L000093
1000352
L000205
L000309,>.000310
Thieaann, D.I.
Thoaaa, B.B.
Tilstra, J.B.
Tilsworth, T.
Toffleaare* J.
Tolar, L.8.
Toalioson, B.Q.
voppan, B.C.
Traverse, C. B.
Troyan, J.J.
Tucker, US.
Tnffey, T.J.
Tnfts, B., Jr.
Tnllander, V.
Tnaick, B.
Tyler, B.J.
O.S. BP1
Oeda, S.
Ohlaann, D.
Ohte, B.B.
St««l«, B.T.
1000018
Orie, D.B.
steaqaist, b.j.
L000522
Van dar Byn, s.
Stephens, J.D.
1000409
Vanderhola, D.
Stewart, O.B.
1000194,1000249
Tanaickle, L.
Stavast, j.b.
1000413
Vepraskas, B.J.
Steaart, l.B.
L000306
Yiraraghavan, T.
stinaon, j.b.
L000099

Stockton, B.l.
L000280
Vlahakis, J.8.
Stoma, 1.
1000181,1000414
Baldorf, L.B.
Stoner, €.H«, BO.
L000528



Balkar, B.6.
Stryker, B.B.
1000018

Stats BcDonald, s.B.
1000*73
Balkar, B.B.
Sweet, B.B.
1000174
Bailer, D.B.
Sykes, B.B.
1000*15


Bailer, B.
Sylwester, B.o.
1000416



lallis, C.
Tagae, D.F.
1000417


Ballaan, B.
Taylor, J.B.
1000474

Tcfcobanoglons, 8.
1000*78
Baiters, C.P.
Taster, c.t.
L000474
Baits, J.P.
Thackvell, H.l.
L000062
Bang, l.B.
L000319
1000295,1000296,1000298
1000418
1000419
L000146
1000112
1000464
L000011
L000039
1000065,1000519
1000356,1000420,1000440,
1000441
1000110
L000460
1,000385
1000504
1000044,1000190,1000521
1000520,1000521,L000522,
1000523,L000524
1000234
L000472
1000522
L000033
L000525
L000505
L000235
1,000066
1000068,1000069,1000172
1,000236,1000237,L000252
1000253,1000254,1000484
1000281,L000422
L000005,L000192,1000257
1000448
1000042,1000113,1000158
1000159
L000211
L000423, LOO 0424,1.0 004 25
1000426
L000427
1000063
L000126,LOO0177,1000264
L000293
1000294
1000182,1000428
1000429
-------
135
isrdf J* c«
V&rAf B*Ct
Barnock, B.G.
farrick, k.w.
¦ataon, B.B.
Watt, S.D.
tfaibal, S.B.
IlljMit 1.0.
••Inbarg, B.S.
•anit, T.D.
Watzal, B.C.
Rhaalar, 6.
whitaaifla, 8.P.
williaaa, B.I.
Williaaa, T.C.
•illiaaaon, K.J.
Willaon, 8. B.
Wilson, 6.B.
Wilson, L.
Winnabargar, J.B.T.
1000430
1000191
L000172,LOO0236,L000237,
1000254
10002*1
1000431
1000497
1000297,1000432
L000506
L000119,1000154
1000327,1000328,1000378,
1000433
1000238
L000»78
1000245
L000332
1000267,1000470
1000473
1000286
L000130,L000a78
1000309,1000310
1000119,1000154,1000160,
1000178,1000187,1000282,
1000434,1000435,1000436 ,
1000499
Wisa, B.B.
¦ithaa, C.C.
Witt, B.
Bitty, J.B.
Wits, B.l.
Wolf, H.I.
Woltanaki, T.
Wooding, B.H.
¦right, J.B.
aright, B.D.
wqra, C.
lork, S.B., iz.
Tost, K.J.
Toung, 1.1., Jr.
Saaaski, J.B.
Sickafoosa, c.
Ziaball, «.».
Zlaaia, I. P.
Corn, B.P.
L000025
1000437
1.000038,1000285
1000465
1000287
1000452
L000192
1000070,1000073,1000216
1000288
t000«38
1000406
1000438
1000155
1000239
1000477
1000527
1000042,1000054,1000214,
L000247,L000258,1000265
L000279
1000502
-------
STITB
IIDBX
Utbtit
Alaska
kliou
Britain
California
Canada
Cs lor ado
Connacticat
»alavara
"Wt
Florida
Cierfia
Illinois
India
Indiana
Japan
Kantacky
Rain*
Maryland
Rassachasatts
Richigan
Rinaasota
Slaaoari
1.000173,1.000286
1000294,1000394, 1000419
1000241,1000491
L000275
1000014,1000061,1000092,
1000096,1000130,1000154,
L0001B0,L000185,1000187,
1000271,1000**6,1000*68,
1000*92,1000526
1000026,1000035,1000172,
1000204,1000210,1000237,
1000254,1000484
L000076,t000182,1000191,
1000217,1000269,1000299,
1000428
1,000095,1.0001*0,1.000177,
1000206,1000273,1000421
1000111
L0000*7
1000116,1000350,1000368,
L000369,L000382,1000*07
1000001
1000242,1000387,1000502,
L000503,100050*,1000507
1000*97
L000137,L00022«
1000272
1000001,1000005,1000017,
1000176,1000257,1000397,
1000*66
1000011,1000020,1000029,
100006*,100007*,1000331,
10003*5,1000*59
1000129,1000136,1000*7*
1000112,1000186,1000292
1000033,1000188,10002*5,
1000*17
1000165
1000**5
Hoatana
¦•if Haxico
¦aw York
lav eaaland
¦orth Carolina
¦orth Dakota
¦orway
Ohio
Oklahona
Oragon
Pannaylvania
Bhoda Island
South Dakota
Tannassaa
Tax* a
Otah
Varaont
Virginia
¦ashington
¦ashington, D.c.
¦act Virginia
Wisconsin
¦yoaing
1000166
1000288,1000364,1000365
10000*5,10000*6,100008*,
1000128,10001*2,10001*6
10000*8,1000059
1000308,100031*,1000325
1000087,1000287
1000003
1000100,1000203,1000**7
1000381
1000055,1000174,1000283,
1000311,1000312,1000313,
1000418,1000*55,1000523
1000023,1000024,1000070,
1000097,1000098,1000122,
1000202,1000334,1000358,
1000461
1000396
1000349
1000324
1000106,1000256,1000462
1000480
1000018
1000036,1000049,1000060
1000067,1000071,1000124
1000147,1000167,1000228
1000409
1000013,1000170,1000197
1000311,1000312,1000321
1000341
1000131,1000139
1000008,1000453,1000508
1000051,1000066,1000087
1000145,1000148,1000162
1000199,1000200,1000212
1000240,1000261,1000291
1000500,1000512
1000072
-------
nzoioiv tidiz
1.0	Xn-lonsa Proeum
1.1	lute flov redaction
1.1.1	!«cy low flash toilets
1.1.2	Vatsr conservation
1.2	lut« segregation
1.2.1	»at«r recycle/reuse
1.2.2	orsywatsr treataent
1.2.3	Toilets
1.2.3.1	Coaposting
1.2.3.2	Cfcesical
1.2.3.3	Biological
1.2.3.4	lecycling
1.2.3.5	Incinerating
2.0	Collection Systea Alternatives
100026*,L000272,1000285,1000288,1000*89,
1000*90,1000491,1000493,1000514,1000524,
1000525,1000528,1000530
1000029,1000038,1000064,1000101,1000108,
1000133,1000151,L000169,1000177,L000192,
1000230,1000257,1000264,1000204,1000294,
1000309,1000310,1000362,1000*05,1000413,
1000*61,1000*62,1000*9*,1000*99,1000525,
1000528
1000029,1000177,100029*
100006*,1000101,1000108,1000133,1000151,
1000169,1000177,1000192,1000230,100026*,
1000272,100029*,1000310,1000362,1000*13,
1000*62,1000*9*
1000005,1000020,1000030,1000036,1000037,
10000*7,1000064,1000072,1000075,1000076,
1000078,1000080,1000085,1000092,1000099,
100010*,I000105,1000107,1000108,1000116,
1000125,1000129,100013*,1000135,1000138,
1000139,10001*1,10001*7,10001*9,1000150,
1000151,1000177,100018*,1000192,1000225,
1000227,1000229,1000230,1000232,100023*,
10002*«,1000251,1000257,1000259,100026*,
1000270,1000272,100027*.1000283,100028*,
1000288,10002*1,1000292,100029*,1000299,
1000300,1000309,1000329,1000330,1000336,
10003**,10003*9,1000353,100035*,1000359,
1000364,1000367,1000384,1000385,1000386,
1000388,100039*,1000*10,1000*22,1000*29,
1000*37,1000*38,1000*50,1000*51,1000*91,
1000*95,1000*90,1000*97,1000*99,1000525,
1000526,1000528
1000005,1000076,1000085,1000105,1000116,
1000177,1Q0018*,1000192,1000227,100026*,
1000272,1000 28*,1000293*100029*,1000299,
1000319,1000329,1000330,1000336,1000353,
100035*,100038*,1000386,1000388,1000*22,
1000*37
1000020,1000030,1000036,10000*7,100006*,
1000075,1000150,1000177,100018*,1000300,
1000329,1000330,1000336,10003**,1000353,
100035*,1000367,1000373,100038*,1000385,
1000*10,1000*22,1000*5*,1000*99
1000002,1000003,1000020,1000037,1000072,
1000080,1000092,1000099,1000100,1000107,
1000125.1000129.1000134.1000135.1000138,
1000139,1000141,10001*7,10001*9,1000151,
1000192,1000225,1000230,100023*,1000251,
1000257,1000259,1000264,1000270,1000272,
1000274,1000284,1000300,1000309,1000319,
1000349,1000359,1000364,1000388,1000394,
1000416,1000429,1000*50,1000493,1000495,
1000496,1000497,1000528
1000003,1000020,1000064,1000075,1000092,
1000108.1000134.1000135.1000138.1000139,
1000151.1000229.1000270.1000274.1000283,
1000450,1000493,1000495,1000496,1000497
1000020,1000108,1000284,1000294,1000343,
1000349,1000416
1000138,1000139
1000104.1000141.1000147.1000272.1000284,
1000293,1000319,1000386
1000020,1000080,1000107,1000108,1000138,
1000139,1000225,1000343,1000410
1000242,1000259,1000266,1000268,1000286,
1000304,1000341,1000366,1000381,1000486,
1000490,1000514,1000519,1000530
-------
138
2.1
2.2
Ssall-diaaeter gravity severs
Pressor* sewers ana pressure systeas
1000065,1000212,1000231,1000286
2.3
2.*
3.0
Vacuus sewers and vacuus systeas
Holding tanks/track transport
Treatment Processes
3.1
Soil treatment systeas
3.1.1 Septic tank-soil absorption systea (ST-SftS)
1000006,
1000045,
1000101,
1000164,
1000233,
L000287,
1000336,
L000370,
L000420,
1000440,
L000012
L000055
1000106
L000168
1000266
L000291
1000342
L000371
1000423
1000441
,L000016,
,1000065,
,1.000128,
,1000179,
,1000267,
,L000292,
,L000356,
,1000372,
,1000424,
,L00053
1000058
1000070
1090087
1000100
1000118
1000126
1000144
1000157
1000162
1000172
1000181
1000193
1000200
1000208
1000217
1000228
1000239
1000246
1000252
1000260
1000275
1000282
1000297
1000314
1000325
1000345
1000363
1000402
1000411
1000419
1000439
1000499
1000504
1000512
1000008
1000032
1000048
1000065
1000082
1000102
1000115
1000130
1000152
1000161
1000171
1000190
1000205
1000261
1000281
1000312
1000366
1000397
1000472
1000490
1000510
1000518
1000530
1000008
1000023
1000043
1000054
1000060
1000071
1000089
1000102
1000122
1000130
1000148
1000158
1000163
1000174
1000186
1000194
1000202
1000210
1000218
1000233
1000241
1000247
1000253
1000261
1000277
1000283
1000298
1000315
1000327
1000355
1000368
1000403
1000414
1000428
1000451
1000500
1000505
1000519
1000015
1000039
1000052
1000066
1000089
1000111
1000117
1000132
1000153
1000162
1000172
1000193
1000207
1000010,
1000028,
1000044,
1000055,
1000065,
1000073,
1000094,
1000114,
1000123,
1000132,
1000152,
1000159,
1000165,
1000175,
1000189,
1000195,
1000204,
1000212,
1000219,
1000235,
1000242,
1000248,
1000254,
1000265,
1000278,
1000284,
1000300,
1000318,
1000328,
1000357,
1000396,
1000404,
1000415,
1000434,
1000453,
1000501,
1000508,
1000526
-------
139
1.1.2 Dosing/lasting systana
3.1.3 ?ill systaaa (i.e., Bounds)
1000212,1000215,1000217,1000218,1000219,
L000221,L000222,1000228,1.000233,1,000235,
1000236,1000237,1000241,1000242,10002*3,
1000245,1000246,1000249,1000252,1000253,
1000254,1000258,1000260,1000265,1000273,
1000275,10002 78,1000279,1000282,100028 3,
1000284,1000290,1000295,1000296,1000297,
1000298,1000300,1000306,1000307,1000314,
1000318,1000320,1000321,1000325,1000327,
1000328,1000337,1000345,1000355,1000360,
1000361,1000363,1000368,1000378,1000400,
1000401,1000402,1000403,1000407,1000409,
1000411,1000414,1000415,1000416,1000417,
1000418,1000419,1000428,1000431,1000432,
1000434,1000435,1000436,1000451,1000453,
1000454,1000455,1000456,1000458,1000468,
1000469,1000477,1000485,1000499,1000501,
1000504,1000507,1000509,1000510,1000519
L000023,1000053,1000054,1000055,1000065,
1000070,1000087,1000094,1000102,1000118,
1000125,1000157,1000189,1000202,1000208,
1000273,1000 278,1000283,1000287,1000 33 5,
1000465,1000504
1000010,1000056,1000245,1000247,1000265,
1000275,1000284,1000287,1000500,1000504,
1000512
3.1.4	Curtain or ondardrain systaas
3.1.5	fliscallanaoaa aoil design
3.1.6	lanfl sarfaca application
1000017,1000176,1000273,1000275,1000465
1000070,1000143,1000207,1000214,1000245,
1000246,1000247,1000248,1000258,1000278,
1000287,1000509
1000028,1000171,1000180,1000181,1000210,
1000245,1000258,1000267,1000275,1000284,
1000335,1000357,1000368,1000439,1000460,
1000470,1000474
3.1.6.1	Sapid infiltration
3.1.6.2	Slow rata
3.1.6.4	lqaacnltura
3.1.7	Absorption lagoons
3.2
larobic procassas
3.2.1
laratad lagoons
3.2.2 Jkctivatad slndga
1000273,1000459
1000465
1000028
1000267,1000284,1000287,1000396,1000411,
1000473
1000001,
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1000120,
1000176,
1000203,
1000228,
1000256,
1000281,
1000299,
1000332,
1000351,
1000395,
1000447,
1000471,
1000487,
1000516,
1000001,
1000120,
1000276,
1000316,
1000388,
1000484,
1000005,1000034,1000035,1000039,
1000049,1000050,1000055,1000065,
1000072,1000073,1000074,1000088,
1000100,1000106,1000108,1000110,
1000139,1000146,1000155,1000171,
1000183,1000195,1000196,1000201,
1000204,1000224,1000226,1000227,
1000235,1000239,1000244,1000248,
1000265,1000275,1000276,1000280,
1000286,1000287,1000289,1000293,
1000302,1000313,1000316,1000328,
1000334,1000335,1000340,1000347,
1000364,1000365,1000379,1000388,
1000400,1000401,1000410,1000444,
1000448,1000451,1000464,1000466,
1000473,1000479,1000480,1000481,
1000498,1000505,1000509,1000515,
1000517,1000518,1000526,1000529
1000034,1000050,1804072,1000990,
1000176,L000203,1000256,1000267,
1000286,1000287,1000302,1000313,
1000332,1000364,1000365,1000379,
1000470,1000472,1000473,1000480,
1000488,1000498,1000529
1000001,1000244,1000265,1000276,1000280,
1000289,1000302,1000347,1000395,1000447,
1000448,1000459,1000464,1000466,1000471,
1000479,1000481,1000515,1000516,1000517,
1000518,1000528
-------
140
3.2.3	Trickling filter
3.2.4	Intaraittant granular filtration
3.2.5	Botating biological contractor (BBC)
3.3	Phyaical-chaaical traataant procasaaa
3.3.1	Bvapotranspiration (BT)
3.3.2	Chaaical pradpltation
3.3.3	lbsorption
3.3.*	Xoa Hckuga
3.3.5	Disinfaction
3.1
knaarobic procassas - aaptic tanka
a.O
•.1
Saptaga Handling
Addition to traataant plant sain atraaa
•.1.1	Saapandad growth ayataaa
•.1.1.1	lagoons
•.1.3	Phyaical-chaaical ayataaa
•.2	addition to traataant plant alodga pcocaaaing
•.2.1	conditioning procasaaa
•.2.1.1	larobic digastion
1000196,1000473
1000001,1000040,1000055,1000065,1000100,
1000146,1000171,1000195,1000201,1000235,
1000283,1000410,1000451,1000459
1000226,1000400,L000401
1000005,1000015,1000032,1000034,1000036,
1000055,1000070,1000073,1000076,1000066,
1000090,1000100,1000109,1000114,1000119,
1000125,1000132,1000143,1000154,1000157,
1000163,1000171,1000176,1000177,1000186,
1000193,1000195,1000201,1000202,1000203,
1000204,1000205,1000215,1000217,1000227,
1000232,1000246,100024 8,1000250,100026 5,
1000281,1000283,1000293,1000300,1000335,
1000336,1000354,1000361,1000367,1000388,
1000395,1000408,1000410,1000411,1000412,
1000422,1000429,1000430,1000443,1000444,
1000463,1000464,1000474,1000498,1000504,
1000510,1000526
1000005,1000055,1000100,1000143,1000176,
1000186,1000193,1000201,1000202,1000232,
1000239,1000283,1000335,1000408,1000430,
1000463,1000488,1000499,1000504
1000015,1000036,1000119,1000125,1000215,
1000367,1000412,1000422,1000429,1000464,
1000474,1000498
1000070,1000246,1000283,1000464,1000487
1000086,1000109,1000422
1000114,1000177,1000195,1000203,1000265,
1000281,1000354,1000464
1000004,1000017,1000026,1000027,1000031,
1000034,1000041,1000046,1000049,1000050,
1000053,1000054,1000055,1000059,1000061,
1000062,1000065,1000068,1000069,1000073,
1000088,1000090,1000101,1000103,1000110,
1000116,1000118,1000119,1000120,1000121,
1000126,1000140,1000146,1000149,1000150,
1000154,1000157,1000164,1000167,1000183,
1000185,1000187,1000188,1000189,1000197,
1000199,1000204,1000206,1000209,1000210,
1000211,1000214,1000216,1000217,1000223,
1000226,1000227,1000231,1000236,1000237,
1000238,1000248,1000255,1000275,1000278,
1000282,1000286,1000288,1000290,1000293,
1000299,1000300,1000301,1000306,1000308,
1000316,1000317,1000318,1000326,1000328,
1000331,1000333,1000339,1000340,1000346,
1000351,1000365,1000376,1000382,1000387,
1000389,1000390,1000391,1000396,1000408,
1000411,1000414,1000415,1000431,1000432,
1000442,1000499,1000527
1000216,1000339,1000467,1000474,1000490,
1000502,1000503,1000513,1000514,1000526,
1000530,1000531
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1000303,1000339,1000513,1000522
1000302,1000303,1000522
1000522
1000025,1000246,1000474
1000034,1000052,1000063,1000074,1000090,
1000109,1000136,1000140,1000213,1000248,
1000256,1000301,1000339,1000414,1000419
1000063,1000074,1000109,1000419,1000474
1000074
-------
141
4.2.1.2	Anaerobic digestion
•.2.1.3	ckesical conditioning
«.2.2	Coeposting
4.3	Devatering
4.3.2	Sui drying beds
4.4	land disposal a*thods
4.4.1	surface application
4.4.1.2	Spray irrigation
4.4.2	Sabsnrface application
4.4.2.2	Svb-sod injection
4.4.2.4	Trenches
5.0	Systens Banageaent
5.1 Cost-benefit analysis
5.2 Bcononic effect
9.3	Siting criteria
5.4	Central nanageaent of non-c<
5.5	lognlatlons
L000034,1000090,L000527
1000063,1000071,1000109
1000052,1000256,1000449
1000034,1000090,1000246,1000248,1000256,
1000474,1000527
1000034,1.000090
1000026,1000033,1000046,1000072,1000106,
1000127,1000140,1000203,1000206,1000233,
1000245,1000246,1000256,1000267,1000339,
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1000513,1000521
1000046,1000072,1000203,1000245,1000445.
1000470
1000100,1000106,1000203,1000267,1000470,
1000487
1000033,1000233,1000339,1000414,1000469
1000033
1000469,1000499
1000009,1000259,1000261,1000262,1000263,
1000264,1000266,1000268,1000269,1000270,
1000271,1000272,1000275,1000276,10002**,
1000289,1000311,1000313,1000992,1000333,
1000366,1000369,l000378,t000398,1000399,
1000457,1000471,1000475,1000476,1000478,
1000483,1000489,1000490,1000511,1000514,
1000530,1000531
1000004,1000012,1000016,1000017,1000020,
1000021,1000023,1000029,1000055,1000065,
1000101,1000116,1000130,1000140,1000164,
1000173,1000177,1000186,1000196,1000233,
1000248,1000264,1000293,1000300,1000309,
1000310,1000340,1000379,1000396,1000413,
1000419,1000420,1000425,1000426,1000427,
1000430,1000431,1000433,1000441,1000461,
1000477,1000478,1000519,1000520,1000521,
1000523
1000021,1000041,1000097,1000101,1000116,
1000145,1000165,1000177,1000179,1000188,
1000217.1000259.1000266.1000268.1000272,
1000278,1000282,1000293,1000295,1000300,
1000302,1000303,1000306,1000307,1000314,
1000324,1000327,1000362,1000364,1000383,
1000398,1000433,1000457,1000459,1000460,
1000461,1000462
1000009,1000010,1000018,1000044,1000055,
1000057,1000059,1000061,10009*6,1000070,
1000086,1000089,1000096,1000106,1000110,
1000117,1000145,1000163,1000166,IA00167,
1000170,1000175,1000182,1000198,1000216,
1000217,1000219,1000223,1000239,1000240,
1000246.1000248.1000258.1000261.1000273,
1000279,100028 2,1000 283,1000208,1000296,
1000297,1000298,L000314,1006316,1000324,
1000327,1000331,1000342,100*34*,1*M3$4,
1000382,10003*7,1000499,1000502
1000001,1000004,1000009,1000013,1000014,
1000022,1000023,1000024,1000029,100009*,
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1000302,1000303,1000305,1000341,1000374,
1000377,1000411,1000413,1000446,1000458,
1000466,1000468,1000478,1000524
1000008,1000009*1000011,1000021,1000024,
1000049,1000064,1000079,1000081,100009 3,
1000096,1000100,1000116,1000131,1000142,
1000152,1000156,1000170,1000176,1000178,
-------
142
5.5.1	Mnti
5.5.2	Stat*
5.5.3	local
5.6
5.7
6.0
6.1
201 ptogrm
20$ proqraaa
lavironaantal la pact
¦aaam health affacta
6.2 Physical anvironaantal affacta
7.2	m Kagion
7.3	stata
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1000098,1000100,1000116,1000142,1000156,
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1000269,1000283,1000387,1000439,1000453,
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1000009,1000029,1000220,1000262,1000263
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1000007,1000032,1000033,1000042,1000043,
1000049,1000050,1000051,1000053,1000054,
1000056,1000058,1000059,1000060,1000061,
1000067,1000071,1000075,1000082,1000086,
1000095,1000101,1000103,1000111,1000112.
1000115,1000121,1000123,1000124,1000130,
1000138,1000145,1000150,1000158,1000159,
1000162,1000166,1000170,1000174,1000180,
1000181,1000182,1000185,1000188,1000190,
1000200,1000203,1000206,1000209,1000217,
1000219,1000222,1000224,10002?8,1000232,
1000236,1000237,1000243,1000252,1000277,
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1000314,1000320,1000323,1000325,1000326,
1000331,1000333,1000334,1000337,1000350,
1000360,1000381,1000382,1000385,1000398,
1000399,1000402,1000404,1000410,1000413,
1000414,1000417,1000418,1000419,1000428,
1000431,1000433,1000434,1000436,1000452,
1000457
1000457
1000492
-------