')
HIGH ALTITUDE VEHICULAR EMISSION CONTROL PROGRAM
VOLUME
IMPACT OF ALTITUDE ON VEHICULAR
EXHAUST EMISSIONS
PREPARED FOR:
STATE OF COIORADO
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
DENVER, COLORADO 10220
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION VIII
DENVER, COLORADO 10203
. / AUTOMOTIVE /
ATL/ testing TRW
/ LAIORATORIES m"/
ENVIRONMENTAL
-------
n
in
Disclaimer
This report was furnished to the Colorado Air Pollution Control Commission by Automotive
Testing Laboratories, Inc. and TRW Transportation and Environmental Operations in fulfillment
of contract #C290526. The contents of this report are reproduced herein as received from the
contractors. The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and
not necessarily those of the Air Pollution Control Commission. Mention of company or product
names is not considered as an endorsement by the Colorado Air Pollution Control Commission.
U.S.EPA REGION 8
Technical Library 80C-L
999 18th Street, Suite 500
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PREFACE
This report Is the third of a seven volume report prepared for the State of
Colorado, Department of Health and the Environmental Protection Agency, Region
VIII. The title of each respective volume is as follows:
Vo1ume I Executive Summary
Volume I I Experimental Characterization of Idle Inspection. Exhaust Control
Retrofit and Mandatory engine Maintenance
Volume III Impact of Altitude on Vehicular Exhaust Emissions
Volume IV Analysis of Experimental Results
Vo1ume V Development of Techniques, Criteria, and Standards to Implement
a Vehicle Inspection. Maintenance, and Modification Program
Volume VI The Data Base
Volume VI I Experimental Characterization of Vehicular Emission and Engine
Deter Iora11 on
These reports describe the design, conduct, findings and conclusions of
study programs Initiated In compliance with the requirements of the Colorado
Department of Health and the Environmental Protection Agency. Volume III
describes the design of an experimental program to Investigate the Impact of
altitude on vehicular exhaust emissions as relating to the establishment of
minimum statewide Idle emission standards and the affect of altitude on resident
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SUMMARY
Emtsslon data were developed from a sample of resident vehicles In Lead-
vllle, Colorado at a nominal elevation of 10,000 feet above sea-level. Emis-
sions concentration sampling was performed on each vehicle In the sample at
loaded and unloaded engine operating conditions. Concentration data were
then converted to mass data using equations developed from key-mode and mass
emissions testing of vehicles operating in the Denver area. Mass emissions
data were then combined with mass data developed from vehicles operating In
a metropolitan area situated near sea-level (Chicago) to define the emissions
versus altitude relationships for exhaust HC, CO and NOx. HC and CO emissions
at Idle were also examined with respect to the applicability of a statewide
minimum HC/CO Idle emission standard for the State of Colorado.
Contrary to expectations both mass CO emissions and CO emissions at Idle
were found to be lower from 1967 and older model-year vehicles operating In the
Leadvllle area than from a similar sample of vehicles operating in the Denver
area. These findings would Indicate that vehicles operating at the higher
elevations were probably modified in an attempt to Improve vehicle operating
characteristics. Also, since idle CO emissions were generally lower from
vehicles operating at the extreme high in elevation than from vehicles operating
at lower elevations, a minimum HC/CO Idle emission standard appears to be
Impractical for statewide application.
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.
CONCLUSIONS
1
2.
RECOMMENDATIONS
2
5.
INTRODUCTION
3
it.
TECHNICAL DISCUSSION
k
*.l
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
It
-------
LI ST OF F IGURES
Page
1.
HC
GM/MI
vs
ALTITUDE
12
2.
CO
GM/MI
vs
ALTITUDE
12
3.
NOx
GM/MI
vs
ALTITUDE
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Page
1. Chicago Test Sample 6
2. Denver Test Sample 6
J. Leadvllle Test Sample 7
ii. Rejection Rates Versus Pass/Fall Limits for
1967 and Older Model-Year Vehicles 9
5. Rejection Rates Versus Pass/Fall Limits for 1968 and
Newer Model-Year Vehicles 10
6. Summary of Exhaust Emissions at the Various Altitudes II
-------
I. CONCLUSIONS
1.1 Exhaust HC emission concentrations from resident vehicles at Idle tend
to be higher with Increasing elevation from sea-level to 10,000 feet above
sea-I eve 1.
1.2 CO emission concentrations from resident vehicles at Idle tend to be lower
at 10,000 feet than at 5,500 feet above sea-level. Since this phenomenon
Is In conflict with combustion theory. It can be concluded that vehicles
operating at the higher elevations have been modified, presumably to
Improve vehicle performance characteristics at the higher elevations.
1.3 Because of the reversal affects of CO emissions at Idle, the establish-
ment of minimum statewide Idle emission standards does not appear to be
practIcal.
1.U Mass HC emissions from all vehicles tend to be higher from resident vehi-
cles at successively higher elevations while mass N0X emissions tend to
be lower.
1.5 Mass CO emissions from 1968 and newer model-year vehicles tend to be
greater from resident vehicles at successively higher elevations. However,
mass CO emissions from the 1967 and older model-year resident population
tend to be greater at 5,500 feet than at either sea-level or 10,000 feet,
which again Indicates that vehicles operating at the higher elevations
have been modified.
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2. RECOMMENDATIONS
2.1 Since the data generated Indicates that Idle CO emission concentrations
are lower from vehicles operating In the Leadvllle area than from vehicles
operating In the Denver area, a minimum statewide HC/CO Idle standard
does not appear to be practical. It Is recommended that prior to adoption
of Idle HC/CO emission standards for the higher elevations In the state,
a more comprehensive study be Initiated to more clearly define the
emission versus altitude relationship.
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3. INTRODUCTION
One of the major oroblems facing the State of Colorado with respect to Its
vehicular caused air pollution Is that of altitude. The topography In the state
ranges from a low of 5,000 feet to a high of over H,000 feet above sea-level.
In this regard, two major factors exist which stand as obstacles to emission
control and abatement efforts. Engine control parameters are calibrated
primarily for operation at sea-level and unmodified motor vehicle engines emit
higher concentrations of exhaust hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide at higher
elevatIons.
The State of Colorado currently has under consideration a program to
control motor vehicle emissions. An act which passed the Colorado Legislative
In 1973, Senate Bill 393, directed the Colorado departments of health and
revenue to complete certain testing programs and studies and make recom-
mendations to the governor and general assembly. An overall program was
subsequently developed, contractors were selected, and contracts were let.
The Initial thrust of the overall program is to develop emission effectiveness
and cost data which may be expected through application of various emission
control strategies in Colorado. Because of the wide range of elevations In
the state and possible differences In effectiveness of the strategies at the
various elevations, a requirement for basic emissions data as a function of
altitude developed. This report. Volume III, Is one of seven volumes of study
reports which have been prepared In response to Senate Bill 393. It Is
addressed primarily toward that paragraph of the bill which relates to the
establishment of minimum statewide standards. It describes the design,
conduct, findings and conclusions of a program destgned to develop vehicular
exhaust emissions data for hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen
as a function of altitude.
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U. TECHNICAL DISCUSSION
U.1 PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
The objective of the program was to develop vehicular exhaust hydrocarbons,
carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen emissions data as a function of altitude.
U.2 PROGRAM DESIGN
To support the objective of the study the following tasks were to be con-
sIdered:
Mass emissions data were to be obtained from representative samples of
light-duty vehicles operating at disparate elevations. These data were
to be used to define the emissions vs altitude relationship.
Idle emissions data were to be developed at disparate Colorado elevations.
These data were to be applied in consideration of minimum state-wMe
emissions standards.
In order to develop the data required, three elevations were selected; nominally
sea-level, 5000, and 10,000 feet above sea-level.
Since It was well outside the scope of the project to accumulate data on a
captive group of vehicles transported from one elevation to another, an alter-
nate method of developing the curves was required. The method selected was
comprised of utilizing certain existing data and the generation of new data.
In the design of the study, consideration was given to the fact that climate
has an Indirect effect on emissions since vehicle maintenance and resulting
emissions are determined to a large extent by c1 I ma tologica1 factors. In this
respect, emission data were to be obtained from vehicles In sites meeting cer-
tain climatological and topographical criteria.
Since applicable emissions data were available from recent studies at
sea-level and at medium elevation (Denver), these data were to be utilized to
define a segment of each emission curve. Emissions data were not available to
define the high elevation points on the curve, however, and were developed spe-
cifically for the purpose of this study.
U.3 DATA SOURCES
Data used to establish sea-level emission factors were extracted from an
EPA study' which was performed by Automotive Testing Laboratories, Inc. under
-------
develop emission factors In six U.S. cities. ATL performed the Denver, Houston
and Chicago phases of the study. In keeping with the requirements for data I'roi
vehicles operating In a seasonally cold climate, Chicago area vehicle t«M re-
sults were selected to be representat I ve of sea-level emission data. lhebc .lata
•/ore developed In the vicinity of Chicago, Illinois at an elevation of 6 0 0 feet
sbove sea-level. Testing was completed in May of 19 7 3.
Data used to develop medium elevation points on the emission curves w>;re
extracted from data generated for Volume II of this report. Tests were per-
formed In ATl's permanent facility which is situated east of Aurora, Color.ulo
¦>l an elevation of 5,U90 feet above sea-level.
Data used to define the high elevation points on the emission curves wer»
developed In Leadville, Colorado, at an elevation of 10,050 feet above sea-
level. Testing In Leadvllle was performed specifically to satisfy the
objectives of this study.
TEST VEHICLES
As discussed, three samples representing vehicles operating at nominal ele-
vations of sea-level, 5,500 feet and 10,000 fee* above sea-level were utilized.
Since each sample was developed for different study purposes some deviation in
sample composition occurs from site to site.
The Chicago area vehicle sample was originally selected by the EPA to bp
representatIve of nation-wide vehicle regIstratIons. Vehicle distribution by
model-year was weighted in accordance with annual mileage accumulation. a
result, the Chicago area vehicle sample Is weighted toward the more recent
model-year vehicles which are driven more miles each year than the older model-
year vehicles. The Denver area vehicle sample was selected to represent light-
duty vehicles registered In Colorado without regard for annual mileage accumu-
lation. Vehicles tested In Leadvllle were selected to approximate the distri-
bution of Chicago and Denver area vehicle samples. Sample composition for each
of the test sites Is shown In Tables ), 2, and 3. A detailed description of
each of the vehicles tested Is presented In Appendix 1.
<4.5 TESTING PROCEDURES
Tests utilized to define the emission curves were performed on each vehicle
-------
CHICAGO
MAKE
12
11
11
£1
M
£2
SJL
AMMO
1
-
1
-
1
1
1
BUI CK
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
CADI
1
-
-
1
1
-
1
CHEV
8
7
5
5
5
5
U
CHRYS
1
-
1
-
1
1
-
DODGE
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
FORD
7
6
6
5
5
3
3
IMPE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LI NC
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
MERC
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
OLDS
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
PLYM
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
PONT
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
VOLK
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
TOYO
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
DATS
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
OPEL
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
VOLVO
TOTAL
35
30
27
22
2 1
1 8
1 7
TABLE 1
DENVER
MAKE UliiiaMiliZMMM
AMMO I 1 I 1 1 I I I I I
BUICK 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 1
CADI 1111111-21
CHEV 7776676777
CHRYS 1111111111
OODGE 2222221221
FORD 889865677U
IMPE ----------
LINC
MERC 1111112 111
OLDS 1112 2 2 2 2 2 1
PLYM 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 1
PONT 1122233222
VOLK 33222222 1 1
TOYO 1 1 I 1 1 1
DATS i i i ------ -
OPEL 1 I 1
VOLVO - - I ------ -
TOTAL 33 33 35 30 29 30 29 29 30 22
TABLE 2
-------
LEADVILLE
MAKE
12
11
21
10.
£2
£1
61
M
£1
AMMO
1
1
1
1
1
-
1
l
_
l
BUI CK
1
1
l
1
1
l
1
i
l
l
CADI
-
-
-
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
CHEV
it
U
u
3
3
it
3
U
3
it
CHRYS
1
1
1
-
-
1
1
l
1
-
DODGE
1
1
1
1
I
1
-
l
1
1
FORD
u
-
It
it
3
3
3
it
it
2
IMPE
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
LI NC
MERC
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
l
1
-
OLDS
1
-
1
1
-
1
1
l
1
-
PLYM
1
1
1
-
I
1
1
i
I
-
PONT
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
l
1
1
VOLK
2
-
2
2
2
1
1
l
1
1
TOYO
1
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
DATS
OPEL
VOLVO
TOTAL
19
12
19
16
lit
16
1U
1 7
1 5
11
TABLE 3
In the as-received condition. Mass emission tests on Chicago and Denver area
vehicles were performed according to the EPA testing procedures for the 1975
model-year light-duty vehicles. Analytical Instrument calibrations for Chicago
and Denver area testing were developed from a common set of gaseous standards.
Identification of the gas standards was performed at the EPA laboratories In
Ann Arbor, Michigan. Since I V w;is outside ti.c scope of the study to conduct
mass emission tests In Leadvllic, an alternate emissions sampling strategy was
employed to develop data which could be relate^ to mass emission data.
As a result of a study performed In 1972 by ATI for the EPA, Region VIII,
It was shown that mass emissions could be predicted with reasonable accuracy
from a composite of key-mode emissions concentration data. For the study, key-
mode (Clayton Mfg. Co.) and 1975 EPA emissions data were developed from tests
performed on 75 each 1968 through 1972 model-year vehicles which had been opera-
ting In the Denver area. Since tests were performed on each vehicle before and
after engine maintenance, 150 each tests were conducted totally. A multiple
linear regression analysis was performed on the test data and correlation coef-
ficients greater than 0.7 were shown to exist between composite key-mode emis-
sion concentration data and 1975 mass emission data. Since correlation coef-
ficients between the data sets were found to be relatively high. It was con-
cluded that key-mode emissions concentration data could be used to predict mass
-------
emissions. A testing strategy suggested by this conclusion was applied to
generate mass emission data from vehicles operating In the Leadville area at
10,050 feet above sea-level.
Data presented In Volume II Indicates that over 900 emission testing se-
quences were performed on 300 vehicles. The purpose of the tests was to evalu-
ate certain emission control strategies. Each of the testing sequences was
comprised of mass emission tests by the 1975 EPA procedures, emtsslon concen-
tration tests by a key-mode test procedure and Idle emission tests. Multiple
linear regression analysis of certain data sets were performed and equations to-
convert composite key-mode emissions data to mass emissions data were developed.
Details of the analysis and the equations which resulted are presented In
Appendix 2.
<~.6 TEST EQUIPMENT
Equipment employed to develop mass emission data from vehicles operating
In the Chicago area Is described In the referenced study report (Reference 1).
Equipment used to develop mass emission data from Denver area vehicles Is de-
scribed In Volume II of this report.
For the 900 plus key-mode emission concentration tests performed In the
Denver area to satisfy the objectives of the Leadville study, the following
major pieces of equipment were used:
Clayton Mfg. Co., Model CT-200 chassis dynamometer to load test vehicles.
Sun Electric Company, Model EPA-75 emissions analyzer to measure HC and CO
emlssIons.
Therma1 -E1ectron Corp., Model 10A cheml1umlnescent analyzer to measure ni-
tric oxide (NO) emissions.
The equipment used to generate emissions data In Denver was calibrated and ope-
rated In accordance with the procedures outlined In Volume II.
To generate emissions data In Leadville the following equipment was
u 1111 zed:
Clayton Mfg. Co., Model CT-150 chassis dynamometer to load test vehicles.
Sun Electric Company, Model EPA-75 emissions analyzer to measure HC and CO
emlsslons.
Beckman Instruments Dlv., Model 951 chemllumlnescent analyzer to measure
NO emissions.
The equipment utilized In Leadville was Installed In facilities provided by
Colorado Mountain College on Its East Campus where testing was also performed.
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5. TEST RESULTS
In the design of the study, two tasks were to be accomplished; the develop-
ment of emission curves as a function of altitude and the development of idle
emission data. The following paragraphs describe the results of the study with
respect to the two tasks.
5.1 IDLE EMISSIONS DATA
To examine the applicability of minimum state-wide Idle emission standards,
data were collected from vehicles operating in the Denver area and in the Lead-
ville area. Two light-duty vehicle populations were examined factory ex-
haust controlled 1968 through 1973 model-year vehicles and the uncontrolled 1967
and older model-year vehicles. Single mode (curb Idle) emissions are shown in
Table it for the 196 7 and older model-year vehicles at the various rejection
rates.
Idle Emissions
Denver Leadvi11e
5500 Ft. 10.000 Ft.
Reject I on
Rate
(?)
HC
( PPM)
CO
(?)
NOx
(PPM)
HC
(PPM)
CO
(?)
NOx
(PPM)
0
2500
20.0
427
2500
10.0
1300
10
1 «*50
9.6
1 26
2500
7. 8
300
20
860
8.4
34
2500
6. 1
1 1 0
30
760
7.6
72
1 600
5.4
60
40
680
6.5
61
970
4. i»
51
50
600
5.8
51
780
3.4
43
60
550
5.8
46
600
2.6
29
70
U50
4.1
36
490
2.0
24
80
400
3.3
28
4 30
0. 8
19
90
330
2.0
24
300
0.4
11
100
130
0.2
5
90
0. 1
0
Table 4. Rejection Rates Versus Pass/Fail Limits
for 1967 and Older Model-Year Vehicles.
-------
From the data shown In Table ¦», it can be seen that Idle HC emissions from
vehicles operating In the Leadv!lie area are generally higher than HC emissions
from vehicles operating In the Denver area. However, Idle CO emissions from
LeadvlMe vehicles are generally lower than CO emissions from Denver vehicles.
Since the reversal affect of CO emissions from a lower to a hleher elevation
appears to be In conflict with combustion theory, It can be concluded that
vehicles operating at the extreme high In elevation were modified In an attempt
to Improve vehicle operating characteristics. Idle emissions data for the 1968
and newer model-year vehicles as shown In Table 5, show trends similar to those
shown for the older model-year vehicles.
Hie
EmIsslons
5.5QQ Ft
Jk.
10.
000 Ft
ReJectIon
Rate
(%>
HC
(PPM)
CO NOx
(%> (PPM)
HC
(PPM)
CO NOx
(?) (PPM)
0
2500
20.0
2590
2500
9.0
1050
10
760
8.2
153
11 00
6.8
175
20
580
6. 6
101
7U 0
5.0
110
30
I*it0
5.6
88
590
U.4
72
U0
350
U. 8
77
500
3.2
62
50
290
k. 2
70
(4 U 0
2.8
50
60
250
3.2
6U
1(00
2.0
U6
70
220
2.7
55
360
1.2
UO
80
170
1. 7
50
320
0. 7
32
90
130
0. 7
38
230
0. 3
23
100
20
0.1
10
110
0.1
2
Table 5. Rejection Rates Versus Pass/Fall Limits
for 1968 and Newer Model-Year Vehicles
From an examination of the data shown In Table 5 it can be seen that an HC
standard of ki*0 ppm, for example, applied state-wide, would fall about 30% of the
Denver area vehicles. The same
-------
standards are probably inappropriate because of the reversal affects of Idle
CO emission from low to high elevation.
5.2 MASS EMISSIONS DATA
A computer analysis was performed on emission data developed at nominal
elevations of sea-level, 5500 feet and 10,000 feet above sea-level. Results of
this analysis are reported In Appendix 3. A summary of emissions data for all
cars as a function of altitude Is presented In Table 6.
ELEVATION
EMISSIONS
IN GRAMS
PER MlLE
(Feet)
HC
CO
NOx
600
5.15
59. 0
4.30
5500
7.98
110.3
2 . 59
10,050
10. 75
125.9
1.68
Table 6. Summary of Exhaust Emissions
at the Various Elevations
As Indicated in Table 6, mean mass emissions for all vehicles at the vari-
ous altitudes tend to follow the trends which would normally be expected. Mean
HC and CO emissions for all vehicles tend to Increase with successively higher
elevations while NOx emissions tend to decrease. A closer examination of mass
¦emissions at higher elevations, however, indicates that the trends do not apply
to the total vehicle population.
Figures 1, 2 and 3 depict exhaust HC, CO and NOx emissions visually for
the two vehicle populations (the 1967 and older model-year vehicles and the
1968 and newer model-year vehicles). As can be seen in Figure 1, and as may be
predicted, mean HC emissions from each population tend to Increase with suc-
cessively higher elevations. Conversely, mean NOx emissions (Figure 3) tend to
decrease with successively higher elevations. However, CO emissions from the
1967 and older model-year vehicles (Figure 2) tend to decrease from 5500 feet
to 10,000feet above sea-level. This observation also supports the contention
that vehicles operating In the Leadville area at a nominal elevation of 10,000
feet above sea-level have been modified.
5.3 SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS
1. Exhaust HC emission concentrations at Idle tend to Increase with
-------
\LTITUDE (FT x 103)
n 2 4 6 h in
ALTITUDE (FT x 103)
FIGURE I
-------
However, Idle CO emissions from vehicles operating at 10,000 feet
tend to be lower than idle CO emissions from vehicles operating at
5, 500 feet.
A minimum HC standard at idle appears to be practical for statewide
application although a uniform statewide standard would fail fewer
vehicles at the lower elevations than at the higher elevations. A
minimum CO standard at Idle, however, does not appear to be practical
since a uniform CO standard would fall more vehicles at lower
elevations than an higher elevation.
Emission data Indicate that mass HC emissions tend to increase with
higher elevations while mass NOx emissions tend to decrease. However,
mass CO emissions from the 1967 and older model-year population tend
-------
6. REFERENCES
1. A Study of Emissions from Lit?ht-Duty Vehicles In Denver, Houston
and Chicago, Fiscal Year 1972, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
APTD-150i», Contract No. 68-01 — 01+55, Automotive Testing Laboratories,
Inc., Ju1y, 19 73.
-------
Append 1ces
-------
Contents of Appendices
Appendix No. Descrlpt ion Page
1 Vehicles tested at 600 feet 17
Vehicles tested at 5500 feet 21
Vehicles tested at 10,000 feet 27
2 Predictions of Mass Emissions from 31
Keymode Emission Concentrations
3 Test ResuIts 35
!» Leadvllle Data Form 38
Instructions for Leadvllle Data Form 39
-------
VEHICLES TESTED AT 600 FEET
VEH.
YEAR
MAKE
MODEL
CIO
CYL
CARB
TRAN
1 .WT
ODOM.
0501
1971
FORO
GALA
35 1
8
2
A
ItOOO
036670
0502
1972
RAMB
HORN
258
6
1
A
3500
039961
0503
1972
BUI C
STAW
1(55
8
U
A
5500
018200
050U
1972
FORO
STAW
35 1
8
2
A
It 50 0
012152
0505
1971
FORD
MUST
302
8
2
A
3500
01761U
0506
1971
DODG
DEMO
225
6
1
A
3000
018565
0507
1971
FORD
GALA
351
8
2
A
ItOOO
0U6712
0508
1971
FORD
MAVE
200
6
1
A
3000
016581
0509
1971
VOLK
SEDA
97
1(
1
it
2000
009708
0510
1972
OLDS
98
U55
8
4
A
5000
002861
0511
1972
FORD
GALA
351
8
2
A
UOOO
008155
0512
1970
OLDS
DELT
350
8
2
A
it 500
0187U1
0513
1971
PONT
GRAN
U55
8
2
A
U500
030510
051U
1970
MERC
MARQ
U29
8
U
A
5000
0U6311
0515
1970 1
PONT
CATA
uoo
8
2
A
U 500
029626
0516
1970
PLYM
FURV
318
8
2
A
ItOOO
023030
0517
1972
CHEV
CAPR
1(00
8
2
A
U 5 0 0
0160U9
0518
1970
FORD
GALA
351
8
2
A
UOOO
056 71U
0519
1969
FORD
LTD
302
8
2
A
UOOO
063805
0520
1972
BUIC
STAW
1(55 -
8
U
A
5500
019069
0521
1967
VOLK
SEDA
91
<4
1
It
2000
085U79
0522
1968
FORD
FALC
200
6
1
A
3000
0U62UU
0523
1971
LINC
MARK
1(60
8
<4
A
5500
016771
052lt
1971
CHEV
IMPA
350
8
2
A
UOOO
038U16
0525
1969
OLDS
CUTL
350
8
2
A
3500
020189
0526
1969
FORD
LTD
390
8
>t
A
UOO'3
066760
0527
1970
CHEV
IMPA
350
8
2
A
UOOO
030799
0528
1966
FORD
FAIR
200
6
1
A
3000
0U3365
0529
1967
PONT
VENT
1(00
8
2
A
UOOO
0630UU
0530
1972
VOLK
SQUA
10 3
it
F 1
it
2500
00657U
0531
19 70
BUI C
LESA
350
8
U
A
U500
0UU001
0532
1968
PLYM
SATE
273
8
2
A
3500
023335
0533
1969
BUIC
SKYL
3r>0
8
2
A
UOOO
028573
05 3t»
1969
FORD
GALA
302
8
2
A
UOOO
035387
0535
1966
CHEV
CHEL
19 I*
6
1
A
3000
055111
0536
1972
PLYM
SATE
318
8
2
A
3500
0139U0
0537
1972
FORD
MAVE
302
8
2
A
3000
0012U8
0538
19 72
BUIC
LESA
350
8
2
A
U500
009132
0539
1971
DODG
MONA
383
8
2
A
U500
017138
05i»0
1972
CHEV
MALI
307
8
2
A
3500
006399
05U1
1969
BUI C
Wl LD
1(30
8
it
A
U 500
OU31U8
05U2
1972
VOLK
SEOA
97
U
1
it
2000
01100U
05U3
1966
PONT
BONN
389
8
2
A
U 500
077U29
05UU
1968
MERC
MONT
302
8
2
A
3500
028751
0SU5
1967
CHEV
BE LA
283
8
2
A
U 500
077090
05U6
1967 '
PLYM
FURY
318
8
2
A
UOOO
07305U
0 57
1971
OLDS
CUTL
350
8
2
A
UOOO
025290
054-8
1972
OLDS
CUTL
350
8
2
A
. UOOO
002907
05U9
1969
CHEV
IMPA
327
8
2
A
UOOO
036U12
0550
1972
CHRY
NEWP
1(00
8
2
A
U500
012502
AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC.
-------
VEHICLES TESTED AT 600 FEET
VEH.
YEAR
MAKE
MODEL
cm
CYL
CARB
TRAN
1 .WT
ODOM.
0551
1971
BUI C
SKYL
350
8
2
A
UOOO
028U06
0552
5.9 72
TOYO
CORN
120
U
2
It
2500
00U758
0553
1971
PLYM
DUST
198
6
1
A
3000
0U3UUU
055li
1971
OPEL
1900
116
U
2
A
2500
031U80
0555
1968
OLDS
CUTL
350
8
2
A
3500
058601
0556
1970
BUI C
ELEC
!»55
8
1)
A
U500
032082
0557
1971
VOLK
SEDA
97
U
1
U
2000
026768
0558
1970
CHEV
CAMR
350
8
2
A
3500
023761
0559
1970
CHRY
STAW
UUO
8
It
A
5000
01UU76
0560
1972
PLYM
FURY
360
8
2
A
itOOO
015326
0561
1970
CHEV
1 M PL
i«00
8
2
A
1*000
033131
0562
19 72
CADI
COUP
I* 72
8
it
A
5000
007U53
0563
19 70
FORD
FAIR
302
8
2
A
3500
023963
056U
1969
OODG
MONA
383
8
2
A
ttOOO
0U3095
0565
1970
FORD
FAIR
250
6
1
A
3500
026U82
0567
1968
CHEV
CO R V
16U
6
2
A
2500
01.2288
0568
1968
BUI C
Wl LD
U30
8
U
A
U500
0 it U609
0569
1972
DODG
DEMO
225
6
1
A
3000
003257
0570
1966
CADI
DEVI
U29
8
it
A
U 5 0 0
1000U8
0571
1970
VOLK
SEDA
97
U
1
it
2000
02728U
0572
1970
PONT
LEMA
350
8
2
A
ItOOO
013677
0573
1966
CHEV
IMPA
283
8
2
A
UOOO
052001
057U
1968
CHEV
CAMA
327
8
it
A
3500
057276
0575
1970
FORD
MAVE
200
6
1
A
2500
03006U
0576
1968
CHRY
NEWP
383
8
2
A
UOOO
052368
0577
1972
FORD
CAPR
122
U
2
It
2000
011115
0578
1968
CHEV
CHEV
396
8
it
A
3500
072217
0579
1969
VOLK
BUG
91
U
1
It
2000
03802U
0580
1972
FORD
LTD
UOO
8
2
A
UOOO
002313
0581
1969
CHEV
IMPA
350
8
U
A
UOOO
05027U
0583
1969
FORD
RANC
351
8
2
A
U 5 00
0U1502
058U
1971
CHEV
VEGA
11*0
it
1
it
2500
020875
0585
1968
CHEV
BELA
307
8
2
A
U500
0U58U1
0586
1970
FORD
COUN
351
8
2
A
U500
039931
0587
1971
FORD
CAPR
98
U
1
3
2500
017390
0588
1972
DODG
MO NA
360
8
2
A
U 500
000962
0589
1968
DODG
CORN
318
8
2
A
3500
0U7137
0590
1971
BUIC
LIMI
U55
8
It
A
5000
02U6U9
0591
1967
FORD
CUST
289
8
2
A
UOOO
069868
0592
1971
CHEV
IMPA
350
8
2
A
UOOO
010887
0593
1968
FORD
MUST
289
8
2
A
3000
OU1963
059U
1970
VOLK
SEDA
97
t»
1
it
2000
039690
0595
1969
CADI
DEVI
U 72
8
it
A
5000
0U2617
0596
1968
CHEV
BELA
307
8
2
A
UOOO
0301UU
0597
1972
MERC
MONT
U00
8
2
A
U500
008761
0598
1971
OLD?
DELT
U55
8
it
A
U500
02U160
0599
1972
CHEV
MONT
350
8
2
A
UOOO
007805
0600
1971
PONT
FIRE
350
8
2
A
3500
025161
0601
1969
MERC
MONT
390
8
2
A
U500
0U3951
0602
1966
PONT
GTO
326
8
It
A
UOOO
072618
AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC.
19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011
-------
VEHICLES TESTED AT 600 FEET
VEH.
YEAR
MAKE
MODEL
CID
CYL
CARB
TRAN
I.WT
ODOM.
0603
1971
CHEV
MALI
307
8
2
A
3500
008088
0604
1971
TOYO
CORO
96
4
1
4
2000
013732
0605
1967
OLDS
CUTL
330
8
2
A
3500
029979
0606
1969
CHEV
CAM A
307
8
2
A
3500
026475
0607
1966
CHEV
B1 SC
2tl
8
2
3
4000
051068
0608
1971
CHEV
CAPR
400
8
2
A
4500
026187
0609
1970
PLYM
VALI
225
6
1
A
3000
028064
0610
1968
CADI
FLEE
472
8
4
A
5000
030893
0611
1968
VOLK
SEDA
91
4
1
4
2000
045516
0612
1966
PLYM
VALI
225
6
1
A
3000
039711
0615
1969
PLYM
FURY
225
6
1
A
4000
062215
0614
1967
PONT
FIRE
326
8
2
A
3500
055683
0615
1969
OLDS
98
455
8
4
A
4500
057035
0616
1967
BUIC
LESA
340
8
2
A
4000
043038
0617
1969
PONT
LEMA
350
8
2
A
3500
026308
0619
1968
FORD
LTD
390
8
2
A
4000
054998
0620
1972
CHEV
CAMA
350
8
2
A
3500
011602
0621
1968
PONT
CATA
400
8
2
A
4000
063705
0622
1971
CHEV
IMPA
350
8
2
A
4000
025965
0623
1967
FORD
RANC
390
8
2
A
4000
053799
0624
1972
FORD
RANC
351
8
2
A
4500
012928
0625
1972
CHEV
CONC
402
8
4
A
4000
011287
0626
1970
FORD
CUST
302
8
2
A
4000
029389
0627
1968
PONT
TEMP
350
8
2
A
4000
081791
0628
1970
CHEV
MALI
307
8
2
A
3500
027343
0629
1970
OLDS
TORO
455
8
4
A
4500
017495
0630
1967
CHRY
NEWP
383
8
2
A
4000
021977
0631
1969
CHEV
NOVA
230
6
1
A
3000
057983
0632
1968
RAMB
JAVE
343
8
4
A
3500
038152
0633
1967
CHEV
IMPA
327
8
4
A
4000
080596
0634
1970
DODG
CORO
318
8
2
3
4000
050346
0635
1966
FORD
COUN
390
8
2
A
4500
095050
0636
1966
FORO
QALA
289
8
2
A
4000
074185
0637
1967
MERC
COLO
390
8
2
A
4500
108899
0638
1966
MERC
COLO
390
8
2
A
4500
054443
0639
1971
PLYM
SATE
318
8
2
A
3500
020944
0640
1966
VOLK
SEDA
78
4
1
4
2000
063624
0641
1972
PONT
LEMA
350
8
2
A
3500
011904
0642
1967
CHEV
BELA
283
8
2
A
4000
050885
0643
1969
PONT
CATA
400
8
2
A
4000
042621
0644
1971
MERC
MONT
400
8
2
A
4000
028391
0645
1966
OLDS
DELT
330
8
2
A
4000
093748
0646
1968
FORD
MUST
289
8
2
A
3000
039323
0648
1966
BUIC
LESA
340
8
2
A
4000
096040
0649
1972
CHEV
VEGA
140
4
2
A
2500
012571
0650
1972
DATS
510
97
4
2
4
2500
030030
0651
1970
TOYO
CORO
116
4
1
4
2500
032881
0652
1971
CHEV
CAPR
400
8
2
A
4500
040366
0653
1972
CHEV
IMPA
350
8
2
A
4500
019476
0654
1968
FORD
THUN
429
8
4
A
4500
038874
AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC.
19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011
-------
VEHICLES TESTED AT 600 FEET
VEH.
YEAR
MAKE
MODEL
CID
CYL
CARB
TRAN
1 .WT
ODOM.
0655
1966
CHEV
IMPA
283
8
2
A
1*000
082160
0656
1967
bMEV
Nova
ig«
6
1
A
3000
096775
0657
1972
FORD
THUN
U 29
8
It
A
U500
016 7 8 U
0658
1969
CHEV
NOVA
350
8
t)
A
3000
101630
0659
1969
PLYM
FURY
.318
8
2
A
1*000
0589U5
0660
1967
CHEV
CAPR
283
8
2
A
UOOO
06U776
0661
1972
CHEV
IMPA
350
8
2
A
U500
012889
0662
1967
FORD
COUN
289
8
U
3
UOOO
06U936
066 <»
1972
PONT
GRAN
U55
8
2
A
U500
02206U
0665
1966
RAMB
CLAS
232
6
1
A
3000
066725
0666
1966
DODG
CHAR
361
8
2
A
UOOO
039063
066 7
1971
FORD
LTD
U29
8
2
A
U500
036522
0668
1969
FORD
FALC
200
6
1
A
3000
101973
0669
1970
DOOG
PO LA
318
8
2
A
UOOO
021957
0670
1970
CHEV
NOVA
230
6
1
U
3000
0U3198
0671
1972
PLYM
SATE
318
8
2
A
3500
025999
0672
1970
RAMB
REBE
30U
8
2
A
3500
03U152
0673
1967
DODG
POLA
318
8
2
A
UOOO
036116
067U
1967
RAMB
REBE
290
8
2
A
3500
032307
0675
1971
DATS
STAW
97
1*
1
it
2500
021689
AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC.
-------
VEHICLES TESTED AT 5500 FEET
VEH
YEAR
MAKE
MODEL
CID
CYL
CARB
TRAN
1 .WT
ODOM.
001
1965
OLDS
DELT
425
8
4
A
4500
040150
002
1967
MERC
COUfi
289
8
4
A
3500
070863
005
1966
Bill C
LESA
340
8
4
A
4000
022750
004
1967
BUI C
SPEC
300
8
2
A
3500
048935
006
1967
CADI
SEDA
429
8
4
A
5000
104304
007
1966
CHEV
IMPA
327
8
4
A
4000
043884
008
1964
VOIK
SEDA
73
4
1
4
2000
105861
010
1966
CHRY
300
383
8
4
A
4000
066648
Oil
1966
CHEV
CHE2
194
6
1
3
3000
072251
012
1967
CHRY
STAW
383
8
4
A
5000
063004
013
1965
DODfi
DART
225
6
1
A
3000
(032679
Oil*
1964
CHEV
CHE2
194
6
1
3
3000
049237
015
1967
FORD
STAW
2 89
8
2
3
3500
060240
016
1967
FORD
FALC
2 89
8
2
A
3000
059003
017
1966
CHEV
BISC
283
8
2
A
4000
051045
019
1965
AMMO
CLAS
232
6
1
3
3000
062545
020
1967
OLDS
DELT
425
8
4
A
4500
089113
021
1967
PLYM
BELV
273
8
2
A
3500
070009
022
1971
CHEV
VEGA
140
4
2
4
2500
040186
023
1973
FORD
STAW
400
8
2
A
5000
003001
024
1964
CHRY
NEWP
361
8
2
A
4500
099340
025
1966
DODfi
VAN
273
8
2
3
3500
054740
026
1965
CADI
DEVI
429
8
4
A
5000
084961
027
1965
MERC
MONR
390
8
2
A
4000
072548
028
1964
OLDS
STAW
330
8
2
A
4000
089020
029
1965
PONT
TEMP
326
8
2
A
3500
059585
030
1964
CADI
DEVI
429
8
4
A
5000
048156
031
1964
CHEV
IMPA
327
8
4
A
3500
060672
033
1965
FORD
MUST
200
6
1
A
3000
065042
035
1965
DODG
POLA
383
8
2
A
4000
064463
036
1965
BUI C
SKYL
300
8
2
A
3500
075400
037
1964
FORD
FAIR
2 89
8
2
3
3500
052629
038
1966
FORD
GALA
390
8
4
A
4000
054529
039
1968
PONT
VENT
428
8
4
A
4500
069716
040
1968
FORn
CUST
302
8
2
A
4000
019445
041
1970
CHEV
NOVA
230
6
2
A
3000
030980
01*2
1969
PLYM
BELV
318
8
2
A
3500
039269
043
1971
FORD
MAVE
170
6
2
3
2750
020583
044
1967
CHEV
CAPR
327
8
41
A
4000
046046
045
1972
DODG
DART
225
6
1
A
3000
005414
046
1965
PLYM
VALI
225
6
1
3
3000
085428
048
1967
MERC
STAW
390
8
2
A
4500
064033
049
1967
CHEV
CAMA
250
6
1
4
3000
076864
051
1969
OLDS
DELT
455
8
2
A
4500
064800
053
1964
DODG
POLA
318
8
2
A
4000
042474
055
1966
FORD
MUST
200
6
1
A
3000
054749'
056
1964
CHEV
BELA
230
6
1
A
3500
046660
057
1971
VOLK
SEDA
97
4
1
4
2000
034981
059
1965
CHEV
STAW
327
8
4
A
4000
079730
060
1970
CADI
DEVI
472
8
4
A
5000
045946
AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC.
-------
VEHICLES TESTED AT 5500 FEET
VEH
YEAR
MAKE
MODEL
CI D
C YL
CAPB
TRAN
1 .UT
ODOM.
061
1972
CHEV
VEGA
iun
U
2
U
2 500
025879
063
1967
PLYM
FURY
318
8
2
A
UOOO
OU 2 005
06U
1970
AMMO
RE8E
232
6
1
A
3500
06U875
065
1970
CHRY
NEWP
383
8
2
A
U 50 0
036717
066
1970
PLYM
DUST
318
8
2
3
3000
037361
067
1971
CAM
DEVI
U 72
8
U
A
5000
OU177 0
068
1968
OLDS
CIJTL
350
8
2
A
3500
05 U 881
069
1967
FORD
LTD
390
8
2
A
UOOO
0U8253
070
1972
PONT
CATA
UOO
8
2
A
U 50 0
016700
071
1972
VOLK
SEDA
97
U
1
U
2250
0U13U7
072
1972
CHEV
NOVA
250
6
1
A
3000
01283U
073
1971
FORD
TORI
351
8
2
A
3500
022051
07U
19G5
FORD
FAIR
289
8
2
A
3500
073336
075
1971
FORD
PI NT
98
U
1
U
2 2 50
012609
076
1967
BUI C
LES A
3U0
8
U
A
UOOO
021887
077
1972
CHEV
IMPA
UOO
8
U
A
U500
0278U8
078
1972
FORD
STAW
351
8
2
A
UOOO
020U3U
079
1971
FORD
STAW
UOO
8
2
A
U500
03528U
080
1967
CHEV
MALI
283
8
2
3
3500
075280
082
1971
PLYM
STAW
383
8
2
A
UOOO
0508U3
083
1970
DODG
DART
318
8
2
A
3000
016300
08U
1970
PONT
GTO
UOO
8
U
A
UOOO
0U28U6
085
1968
BUI C
R1 V1
U30
8
U
A
U500
060029
087
1967
OLDS
STAW
330
8
2
A
UOOO
06U223
088
1967
AMMO
STAW
290
8
2
A
UOOO
072UU0
090
1970
FORD
MAVE
200
6
1
A
2750
022U67
091
1973
PONT
LEMA
UOO
8
2
A
UOOO
00670U
092
1970
FORD
MAVE
200
6
1
A
2750
035000
093
1972
PLYM
DUST
198
6
1
A
3000
020817
09U
1969
BUI C
LESA
350
8
U
A
U500
03U309
095
1968
AMMO
STAW
290
8
2
A
UOOO
052932
096
1965
PONT
CATA
389
8
It
A
UOOO
076369
097
196U
PLYM
VALI
170
6
1
3
3000
026268
098
1972
FORD
MAVE
302
8
2
A
3000
026575
099
1971
CHEV
BLA7.
350
8
U
U
UOOO
019987
100
1969
FORD
MUST
302
8
2
A
3000
OU 719 0
101
1969
CHEV
STAW
327
8
2
A
U500
068576
102
196U
MERC
PARK
390
8
U
A
U500
055285
103
1973
FORD
MAVE
302
8
2
A
3000
009029
10U
1968
PLYM
BELV
273
8
2
A
3500
058630
106
196U
FORD
GALA
289
8
2
3
U500
030087
107
1965
CHEV
COR V
16U
6
2
It
2750
076078
108
196U
FORD
FALC
200
6
1
3
3000
08733U
109
1966
AMMO
AMER
232
6
1
3
3000
06U169
110
1969
CHEV
CHEV
307
8
2
A
3500
0U5577
111
1972
FORD
TORI
302
8
2
A
UOOO
017170
112
1970
FORD
MUST
351
8
2
A
3500
051330
113
1969
CHEV
STAW
350
8
U
A
UOOO
07533U
115
1967
CHEV
IMPA
283
8
2
A
UOOO
06U860
116
1973
CHEV
VEGA
1U0
U
2
3
2500
009706
AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LARORATORIES,INC.
11900 E. COLFAX, ADROKA, COLO. 80011
-------
VEHICLES TESTED AT 55(10 FEET
VEH
YEAR
MAKE
MODEL
ci n
CYL
CARB
TRAN
1 .WT
ODOM.
117
1970
OLDS
CIJTL
3&n
8
2
A
4000
053727
118
1967
PONT
CATA
400
8
2
A
4000
071128
119
1971
PONT
LEMA
350
8
2
A
3500
031776
120
1967
DODG
CORO
318
8
2
A
3500
044942
121
1967
VOLK
SEDA
91
4
1
4
2000
048582
122
1967
PONT
FIRE
326
8
2
3
3500
042146
123
1964
CHEV
IMP
283
8
2
A
4000
085172
12 U
1973
VOLK
BUS
102
4
2
4
3000
003006
125
1971
PONT
CATA
400
8
2
A
4500
029602
126
1966
CHEV
IMPA
327
8
4
A
4000
033735
127
1966
DODG
CORO
318
8
2
A
3500
048219
128
1966
MERC
MONT
390
8
2
A
4000
108053
129
1965
CHEV
Bl SC
283
8
2
A
3500
073598
130
1965
FORD
MUST
200
6
1
3
2 750
092515
132
1965
VOLK
SEDA
73
4
1
4
2000
089782
133
1970
FORD
TOR 1
351
8
2
A
3500
045898
13 U
1969
DODG
CORO
225
6
1
A
3500
038665
135
1969
VOLK
SEDA
91
4
1
4
2000
06822 7
136
1965
OLDS
CUT L
330
8
2
A
3500
045665
137
1964
CHEV
STAW
327
8
4
A
4500
071086
139
1970
FORD
TORI
250
6
1
3
3500
031895
140
1966
OLDS
DYNA
425
8
2
A
4500
048553
141
1972
TOYO
S T AVI
120
4
2
A
2750
009840
142
1972
CHEV
NOVA
350
8
2
A
3500
025592
1U 3
1966
FORD
MUST
289
8
2
A
3000
038659
144
1972
FORD
GALA
400
8
2
A
4000
012721
11*5
1973
FORD
MAVE
302
8
2
A
3000
005516
146
1969
OLDS
DELT
455
8
2
A
4000
061594
147
1970
CHEV
IMPA
350
8
2
A
4000
080466
148
1972
PLYM
SATE
400
8
2
A
3500
014660
1U 9
1966
FORD
GALA
352
8
4
A
4000
078274
150
1971
DODG
DART
318
8
2
A
3000
026700
151
1971
VOLV
145S
121
4
2
4
3000
045943
152
1971
FORD
GALA
351
8
2
A
4000
029562
153
1965
CHEV
BELA
2 ti 3
8
2
A
4000
130460
154
1968
VOLK
SEDA
91
4
1
A
2000
050486
155
1968
CHEV
BELA
307
8
2
A
4000
066417
156
1971
VOLK
SEDA
97
4
1
4
2000
024425
157
1973
VOLK
SEDA
97
4
1
4
2000
007972
158
1970
OLDS
STAH
455
¦n
8
4
A
4500
033747
159
1968
CHEV
BELA
250
6
1
A
4000
009065
160
1969
CADI
FLEE
4 72
8
4
A
5000
036519
161
1969
MERC
COUG
351
8
2
A
3500
047191
162
1964
CHEV
STAW
2 83
8
4
A
4000
074643
163
1972
DATS
STAW
97
4
1
4
2500
024888
165
1964
PONT
CATA
3 89
8
2
A
4000
054195
166
1970
VOLK
SEDA
97
4
1
4
2000
012474
168
1966
VOLK
SEDA
78
4
1
4
2000
048575
169
1965
PLYM
FURY
3 18
8
2
A
4000
113497
170
1966
FORD
MUST
2 89
8
2
A
3000
081058
AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC.
19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011
-------
VEH1CLES
TESTEP
AT 5 500
FEET
VEH
YEAR
HAKE
MODEL
CI D
CYL
CARB
TRAN
1 .WT
ODOM.
171
1965
FORD
STAW
289
8
2
A
4500
071092
172
196U
CHEV
1M PA
283
8
2
A
3500
110629
173
1972
OLDS
CUTL
350
8
2
A
3500
026639
174
1969
FORD
FAIR
302
8
2
A
3500
055127
175
1972
CHEV
NOVA
350
8
2
A
3500
021117
176
1973
CADI
DEVI
4 7 2
8
4
A
5000
007405
177
1972
CHRY
NEWP
400
8
2
A
4500
029493
178
196U
FORD
GALA
310
8
4
A
4000
059024
179
1973
CHEV
NOVA
307
8
2
A
3500
017115
180
1968
FORD
GALA
302
8
2
A
4000
076747
181
1968
CHEV
NOVA
307
8
. 2
A
3000
042449
182
1968
CHEV
CAME
32 7
8
2
A
3500
083926
183
1971
CHEV
STAW
400
8
2
A
4500
021163
184
1971
CHEV
IMPA
350
8
2
A
4000
035988
185
1971
TOYO
CORO
71
4
2
4
2000
029881
186
1970
VOLK
SEDA
97
4
1
4
2000
048300
187
1973
FORD
LTD
351
8
2
A
4500
004725
188
1971
MERC
COUG
351
8
2
A
4000
017215
189
1971
DODO
DART
225
6
1
A
3000
011166
190
1973
PLYM
DUST
225
6
1
A
3000
008056
191
1967
CHEV
CHE 2
194
6
1
3
3000
022266
192
1966
CHEV
CHEV
230
6
1
¦A
3500
046973
193
1969
FORD
FAIR
302
8
2
3
3500
054596
194
1968
CHEV
IMPA
327
8
4
A
4000
054000
195
1973
CHEV
CHFV
350
8
2
A
4000
006886
196
1971
CHEV
CAPR
400
8
2
A
4500
036250
197
1972
FORD
PI NT
122
4
2
A
2250
011175
198
1966
CHEV
IMPA
283
8
2
A
4000
083297
199
1967
VOLK
SEDA
91
4
1
4
2000
068155
200
1972
CHEV
NOVA
307
8
2
A
3500
015710
201
1973
FORD
PI NT
122
4
1
A
2500
010729
202
1973
DATS
1200
71
4
1
4
2000
000519
203
1973
CHRY
NEWP
400
8
2
A
4500
059407
204
1970
FORD
GALA
390
8
2
A
4000
020723
205
1969
CHEV
STAW
350
8
4
A
4500
093878
206
1965
CADI
FLEE
429
8
4
A
^sod
053146
207
1972
VOLK
SOBK
97
4
F 1
4
2500
011511
208
1971
DATS
510
97
4
1
4
2000
027615
209
1966
BUI C
ELEC
401
8
4
A
4500
056428
210
1973
VOLK
SEDA
97
4
1
4
2000
015868
211
1970
PLYM
FURY
318
8
2
A
4000
063652
212
1967
FORD
MUST
289
8
2
3
3000
051835
213
1966
CHEV
STAW
283
8
2
3
4000
061637
214
1966
PONT
CATA
389
8
2
A
4000
046086
217
1972
CADI
COUP
472
8
4
A
5000
017251
218
1973
CHEV
NOVA
307
8
2
A
3500
016372
219
1968
CHRY
STAW
383
8
4
A
4500 ¦
071302
220
1968
BIJI C
LESA
350
8
4
A
4500
074568
221
1961.
PONT
GRAN
3 8')
8
4
A
4000
074401
222
1964
AMMO
AMER
lor,
B
1
3
3000
068526
AUTOMOTIVE TEST I Nf", LAHORATOR I ES, INC.
19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COI.O. 8001 1
-------
VEHICLES TESTED AT 5500 FEET
VEH
YEAR
MAKE
MODEL
cm
CYL
CARB
TRAN
1 .WT
ODOM.
223
196 4
BUI C
Wl LD
UO 1
8
it
A
4500
051818
224
1968
CHEV
MALI
250
6
1
A
3500
043507
225
1968
CHEV
STAW
396
•8
it
A
4500
048577
226
1973
DODG
DART
318
8
2
A
3000
003813
227
1973
AMMO
STAW
304
8
2
A
3000
003437
228
1971
OPEL
1900
116
it
1
A
2250
011526
229
1972
VOLK
SEDA
97
it
1
It
2000
018774
230
1966
PLYM
BELE
225
6
1
3
3500
099961
231
1973
PLYM
DUST
318
8
2
A
3500
007751
232
1973
FORD
MAVE
200
6
1
3
2500
003468
233
1972
BUI C
LESA
350
8
It
A
45 00
020861
2 3 4
1968
MERC
COUG
302
8
U
A
3500
074758
235
1965
BUI C
Wl LD
425
8
it
A
4500
078046
2 36
1965
CHEV
IMPA
327
8
it
A
4000
061259
237
1968
CAD 1
FLEE
1)72
8
It
A
5000
065733
238
1960
DODG
CORO
318
8
2
A
3500
051016
239
1968
VOLK
SEDA
91
It
1
it
2000
084309
240
1965
CHEV
CHEV
230
6
1
A
3000
071640
2 41
1965
CHEV
IMPA
396
8
4
A
35CO
101402
2 U 2
1970
FORD
MUST
302
8
2
A
3500
016785
2 U 3
1969
PONT
CATA
1*00
8
2
A
4000
057823
245
1968
FORD
FAIR
2 89
8
2
3
3500
077348
2 U6
1968
OLDS
DELT
U 55
8
2
A
4500
114750
2 4 7
1968
FORD
GALA
390
8
2
A
4000
046034
21(8
1969
PONT
LEMA
350
8
2
A
4000
027997
249
1971
PLYM
FURY
383
8
U
A
4000
030259
250
1970
CHEV
CAME
350
8
2
it
3500
047370
251
1973
CHEV
IMPA
350
8
it
A
4000
006702
252
1973
OLDS
OMEG
350
8
it
3
3500
009599
254
1970
FORD
MUST
302
8
2
A
3000
036423
255
1972
CHEV
NOVA
307
8
2
A
3000
032867
256
1966
OLDS
CUTL
330
8
2
A
3500
053077
257
1965
CHRY
STAW
It 13
8
-------
VEHICLES TESTEH AT 5500 FEET
VEH
YEAR
MAKE
MODEL
CID
cyl
CARB
TRAN
1 .WT
ODOM.
276
1966
PONT
LEU A
326
8
l»
A
3500
073426
277
1966
FORD
STAW
289
8
2
A
3000
084032
278
1965
FORD
MUST
2 89
8
i»
A
3000
059885
2 79
19 73
TOYO
STAW
120
4
2
A
2500
003829
280
1967
CHEV
STAW
327
8
it
3
ItOOO
096491
281
1966
FORn
MUST
200
6
1
A
3000
059352
282
1968
FORD
FALC
170
6
1
3
3000
097889
283
1968
PONT
CATA
u no
8
it
A
4 500
075255
284
1971
AMMO
AMBA
1(01
8
it
A
4000
031837
285
1968
PLYM
BARR
318
8
2
A
3500
060568
286
1968
DODG
CHAR.
318
8
2
A
3500
065609
287
1971
BUI C
LESA
U55
8
it
A
4500
017998
288
1968
PONT
TEMP
350
8
2
A
3500
040178
289
1969
VOLK
SEDA
91
>4
1
4
2000
063512
291
1969
PLYM
FURY
318
8
2
A
4000
052667
292
1971
CHEV
NOVA
307
8
2
A
3500
029533
293
1972
FORD
MUST
351
8
U
A
3500
019843
294
1969
CHRY
NEW P
383
8
2
A
4500
065163
295
1970
DODO
POLA
383
8
2
A
4500
053254
296
1965
FORD
MUST
2 r> o
8
2
A
3000
052813
297
1971
PLYM
DUST
198
6
1
3
3000
027784
298
1972
AMMO
JAVE
360
8
it
4
3500
023737
299
1972
PLYM
SATE
318
8
2
A
3500
028091
300
1973
OPEL
MANT
116
it
2
It
2250
006817
301
1973
MERC
COME
302
8
2
A
3000
010804
302
1973
BtJI C
CENT
350
8
it
A
4000
006508
303
1973
PLYM
DUST
318
8
2
A
3500
006473
304
1972
DODG
CORO
318
8
2
A
3500
022983
305
1969
AMMO
AMBA
290
8
2
A
4000
054001
306
1969
BUIC
ELEC
4 30
8
it
A
4500
034898
307
1969
CHEV
NOVA
230
6
1
A
3000
029124
308
1969
FORD
TORI
351
8
2
A
3500
021037
309
1969
FORD
TORI
351
8
2
A
3500
074369
310
1972
FORD
MAVE
302
8
2
A
3000
008455
311
1972
FORD
MAVE
250
6
1
A
2750
022036
312
1972
MERC
COME
302
a
2
A
3000
008589
314
1971
FORD
BRON
302
8
2
3
3500
020440
315
1971
OLDS
CUTL
350
8
it
A
3500
026169
316
1970
MERC
MONT
302
8
2
3
3500
027532
317
1971
FORD
MAVE
200
6
1
A
2750
023567
318
1971
FORD
GALA
400
8
2
A
4000
040209
319
1971
FORD
TORI
351
8
2
A
3500
013444
320
1973
FORD
MUST
351
8
2
A
3500
003445
321
1970
CHEV
NOVA
250
6
1
A
3500
012130
322
1970
CHEV
NOVA
307
8
2
A
3500
032511
323
1970
PONT
TEMP
350
8
2
A
3500
030849
324
1973
CHEV
NOVA
250
6
1
3
3500
004682
325
1973
FORD
GALA
351
8
2
A
4500
016385
326
1969
TOYO
CORO
11B
4
2
it
2500
076050
327
1970
TOYO
CORO
113
it
2
4
2500
051836
AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC.
19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011
-------
VEHICLES TESTED AT 10000 FEET
VEH
YEAR
MAKE
MODEL
cm
CYL
CARB
TRAN
WEIGHT
ODOM.
5 0 U
1972
CHEV
NO VA
307
8
2
A
3202
025931*
505
1968
CHRY
NEWY
383
8
1*
A
<~090
071*675
506
1969
CHEV
SEDA
327
8
2
A
3760
077521
507
1971
PLYM
SUBIJ
383
8
2
A
3930
033U16
508
1971
OLDS
SEDA
350
8
I*
M
3398
015699
509
1970
FORD
STAW
351
8
1*
A
3615
039366
513
1965
DODG
PO LA
383
8
2
A
3875
113671*
51U
1970
FORD
SEDA
302
8
2
A
3695
01*8201*
515
1969
FORD
STAW
302
8
2
A
3526
06U27U
516
1969
BUI C
LESA
350
8
it
A
3966
067219
517
1973
CHEV
CUST
350
8
1*
A
3296
009595
519
1965
FORD
CUST
2 89
8
2
A
3358
080180
520
1965
VOLK
SEDA
73
1*
1
M
1600
072753
522
1971
BUI C
LESA
350
8
1*
A
1*11*7
030125
523
1969
PLYM
FURY
318
8
2
A
3650
019076
52U
1968
CHEV
IMPA
307
8
2
A
3623
081*866
525
1966
FORD
FAIR
289
8
2
A
3351
091315
526
1971
CHRY
NEWP
383
8
2
A
1*191
027776
527
1972
TOYO
CORO
97
1*
2
M
2000
013896
528
1966
FORD
MUST
289
8
t»
M
2733
050000
529
1969
FORD
TORI
351
8
2
A
3211
052597
530
1969
FORD
MUST
250
6
1
M
2713
0U2561
531
1969
DODG
CORO
318
8
2
A
3181
OU 1*381
532
1972
PONT
LEMA
350
8
2
A
3800
019718
535
1967
MERC
COLO
1*10
8
U
A
U29U
081561*
537
1968
BUI C
LESA
350
8
14
A
3980
021520
538
1966
VOLK
SEDA
78
I*
1
M
1653
007818
5U0
1972
PLYM
SATE
318
8
2
A
3280
02U668
suz
1973
TOYO
CORO
120
1*
2
M
21*80
0001*19
5«+t»
1965
PONT
CATA
389
8
2
A
U210
01721*8
5U5
1971
CHEV
VEGA
11*0
I*
1
M
2230
028110
5U6
1970
OLDS
CUTL
350
8
U
A
3
-------
VEHICLES TESTED AT 10000 FEET
VEH
YEAR
MAKE
MODEL
CIO
CYL
CARR
TRAN
WEIGHT
ODOM.
558
1969
VOLK
SEDA
91
b
2
M
17 b 2
056b92
560
1973
PONT
LEMA
3S0
8
2
A
3821
001171
561
1971
CHEV
CHEV
307
8
2
A
3 3b 2
019902
56b
1966
OLDS
DYNA
330
8
b
M
3957
0 7 2 U 2 3
565
1969
PONT
TEMP
350
8
2
M
350b
066192
566
1972
CHEV
VEGA
lbO
b
2
M
229b
Ob8226
56 7
1973
BUI C
CENT
350
8
b
A
3797
005b00
568
1971
FORD
RANC
351
8
2
A
3265
0b2b8b
570
1969
VO LK
SEOA
97
b
1
M
17b 2
076216
573
1970
FORD
MAVE
250
6
1
A
2 b 21
053802
57U
1966
BUIC
LESA
3b0
8
b
A
3828
Ob 706b
575
196b
FORD
THUN
390
8
b
A
bb31
07 5b b1
576
1965
MERC
MONT
390
8
b
A
3928
06636b
577
1971
DODG
DART
318
8
2
A
2900
018372
578
1970
CHEV
CAMA
350
8
2
M
3172
035857
580
1973
CHEV
IMPA
350
8
2
A
1+138
010218
582
1968
OLDS
CUTL
350
8
2
A
3108
03b953
58b
1973
FORD
TORI
351
8
2
A
366b
00532b
585
1971
CHEV
CAPR
bOO
8
2
A
396b
0156b6
589
1966
CHEV
CAPR
327
8
b
A
3585
056297
592
196b
PONT
GRAN
389
8
b
A
3930
0bb535
596
1966
MERC
COME
390
8
b
M
3315
016555
597
1968
CHEV
CAPR
327
8
b
A
b062
06965 7
598
1970
MERC
MONT
351
8
b
A
3298
038389
599
1970
CADI
SEDA
b 72
8
b
A
b 762
0b9 803
600
1972
OODG
SEDA
318
8
2
M
2825
026032
601
1969
AMMO
JAVI
290
8
2
A
3013
0,9 b 0 0 2
602
1970
VOLK
SEDA
97
b
1
M
1807
037850
603
1970
VOLK
SEDA
97
b
1
M
1807
033173
606
1968
MERC
HO NT
390
8
b
M
3081
075683
607
1965
CHEV
BELA
283
8
b
M
3530
09b 705
608
196b
CHEV
Bl SC
283
8
2
M
3365
006891
609
1967
BUIC
LESA
3bO
8
b
A
3878
077681
611
1973
MERC
MONT
351
8
b
A
3662
0092 b 3
61b
1971
FORD
CIJST
b29
8
b
A
3723
098266
616
1969
CHEV
NOVA
307
8
2
A
2895
05639b
617
196b
DODG
330
318
8
b
M
3325
019580
618
1971
PONT
CATA
350
8
2
A
b 107
069069
619
1969
CHEV
IMPA
350
8
b
A
3760
077679
620
1971
FORD
PI NT
122
b
2
A
1993
028308
AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC.
-------
VEHICLES TESTED AT 10000 FEET
VEH
YEAR
MAKE
MODEL
cm
CYL
CARB
TRAN
WEIGHT
ODOM.
622
1965
FORD
MUST
200
6
1
A
2629
057950
624
1971
CHEV
CAPR
350
8
2
A
3964
024631
627
1973
PLYM
STAW
360
8
2
A
4465
015366
628
1965
FORD
TUDO
170
6
2
M
2595
090633
630
1973
FORD
BRON
302
8
2
M
4000
004757
631
1967
AMMO
STAW
232
6
1
A
2769
060107
633
1964
CHEV
TRUC
292
6
1
M
3310
040425
635
1965
OLDS
85
330
8
2
A
3174
080757
636
1971
FORD
MAVE
17(1
6
1
M
2508
029356
637
1966
FORD
MUST
200
6
1
M
2488
060304
638
1971
MERC
COUG
351
8
2
M
3360
040442
641
1968
CHEV
COR V
327
8
2
M
2500
045067
642
1964
AMMO
RAMB
196
6
1
M
2898
100900
643
1967
CHEV
CHEV
230
6
1
M
3260
090795
644
1966
CHEV
IMPA
283
8
2
M
3565
084912
6U8
1967
CHRY
STAW
383
8
2
A
4495
090790
649
1973
VOLK
SEDA
97
4
1
M
1911
018550
650
1968
PONT
TEMP
350
8
2
A
3488
046019
651
1970
BUI C
SKYL
350
8
4
A
3375
048863
652
1966
CHRY
SEDA
383
8
4
A
4000
007055
653
1965
CHEV
CAPR
327
8
4
A
3460
098601
655
1970
CHEV
VAN
307
8
2
M
3467
044337
656
1964
VOLK
KARM
73
4
1
M
1742
022375
657
1972
CHRY
NEW P
360
8
2
A
3715
035162
658
1971
TOYO
LAND
237
6
2
M
3435
038006
659
1967
FORD
FAIR
289
8
2
A
2928
032526
660
1965
BUI C
ELEC
401
8
4
A
4208
054640
662
1967
CHEV
IMPA
327
8
4
A
3500
018894
663
1968
PLYM
BARR
273
8
2
A
2895
067865
661)
1966
DODG
CORN
273
8
2
A
3077
098720
665
1966
CHEV
BELA
283
8
4
M
3525
088539
666
1968
FORD
FAIR
289
8
2
A
3017
052360
668
1968
FORD
GALA
302
8
2
A
3895
003895
669
1970
PONT
LEMA
350
8
2
A
3002
033590
670
1972
BUI C
LESA
350
8
4
A
4166
010824
671
1970
DODG
CORN
318
8
2
M
3625
035887
674
1972
AMMO
GREM
258
6
1
A
2494
013505
675
1973
AMMO
GREM
258
6
2
A
2494
011121
6 76
1968
DODG
DART
318
8
2
A
2726
086682
678
1971
VOLK
SEDA
97
4
1
M
1742
053466
AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC.
-------
VEH
681
683
684
685
686
687
691
693
695
696
698
702
703
70U
705
707
709
710
711
713
715
716
717
719
720
721
722
723
725
726
727
728
729
VEHICLES TESTED AT 10000 FEET
YEAR
MAKE
MODEL
CID
CYL
CARB
TRAN
WEIGHT
ODOtf.
1971
VOLK
S T AW
97
4
F 1
M
2051
1968
VOLK
SEDA
91
4
1
M
1808
196i«
CHEV
IM PA
283
8
2
M
3525
1972
CHEV
IMPA
nOO
8
4
A
Ul 13
1967
PONT
TEMP
326
8
4
M
3130
1970
FORD
GALA
351
8
2
A
3770
1967
FORD
MUST
200
6
1
M
2 6 2 U
1966
PONT
TEMP
326
8
2
A
3571
1964
BUIC
Ul LD
01
8
4
A
4021
1966
AMMO
AMBA
327
8
1*
M
U 2U1
1967
VOLK
SEDA
91
4
1
M
1698
1973
DODG
DART
318
8
A
2890
1965
FORD
GALA
390
8
l*
A
3386
1967
PLYM
FURY
383
8
2
A
3595
1973
FORD
TRUC
360
8
2
A
3590
1973
FORD
PI NT
122
U
2
A
2145
1968
CHEV
CAMA
250
6
1
M
2855
1966
CHEV
MALI
283
8
A
2640
1973
CHEV
NOVA
250
6
1
M
3033
1973
CHRY
STAW
440
8
4
]A
4670
1965
CHRY
NEW P
383
8
A
4045
1966
PLYM
BARR
273
8
4
M
2930
1973
CHEV
LAGU
454
8
4
A
•*189
1967
FORD
GALA
2 UO
6
1
A
3 4 59
196i»
CHEV
IMPA
327
8
1)
A
3l»15
1964
FORD
MUST
289
8
2
A
2720
1971
AMMO
MATA
360
8
4
A
3324
1967
OLDS
442
<~25
8
4
M
3914
1965
PLYM
FURY
318
8
2
A
3715
1970
CHEV
MONT
454
8
4
A
3713
1966
FORD
GALA
390
8
A
3500
1972
MERC
SEDA
429
8
1*
A
4477
1969
MERC
MONT
390
8
2
A
4277
053324
080295
088296
013566
060038
012190
05U321
071577
005393
049804
066890
002511
099321
068268
012601
006 714
086854
09U 5U6
013959
010144
093620
084554
013 •» 7 3
023077
073136
0 3 0 5 U1
013959
080000
078365
01» 8 5 3 7
062587
O05UOO
0U9707
AUTOMOTIVE TEST I NO LABORATORIES,INC.
19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011
-------
Append i x 2
PREDICTION OF MASS EMISSIONS FROM KEYMODE EMISSION CONCENTRATIONS
This analysis was performed In order to reliably predict mass emissions
from emission concentrations obtained through key-mode and Idle testing pro-
cedures. During the course of testing at 5500 feet, there were 300 tests
conducted on a representative sample of cars. The 300 tests were performed on
vehicles as-received and should represent the normal state of repair.
The tests consisted of a mass emission test utlltzlng 1975 EPA procedures,
an emission concentration test utilizing the key-mode test procedure, and an
emission concentration test with the vehicle In neutral gear and the engine at
2500 RPM.
Tests conducted at 10,000 feet were performed on a representative sample
of 153 vehicles. Because of the Infeaslblllty of transporting CVS equipment,
the tests at 10,000 feet consisted of a key-mode test and a 2500 RPM test,
resulting In a set of emission concentrations which were then converted to mass
emissions. Conversion of concentrations to mass emissions required the gener-
ation of an accurate relationship between the concentrations and mass emissions.
This relationship was found by performing a multiple regression analysis on the
data collected at 5500 feet and assumed that the relationship found would be
valid for tests conducted at 10,000 feet. It should be noted that a certain
number of HC readings and a certain number of CO readings were off scale.
Before the regression analysis could be performed It was necessary to assign
some value to these readings. At 5500 feet, during the key-mode and 2500 RPM
tests, simultaneous readings were taken with the laboratory equipment described
In Volume II. These readings were consulted and average off-scale readings for
HC and CO were obtained. An off-scale HC Reading was found to be 2000 ppm and
an off-scale CO reading was 10.58%. These values were also used for off-scale
readings at 10,000 feet.
Preliminary multiple regression analysis revealed that the number of cylin-
ders and whether the vehicle was controlled or pre-contro11ed were of primary
Importance In predicting the mass emissions. Consequently, the vehicle popu-
lation was divided Into six sub-populations before the final regression analysis
was run.
-------
The sub-populations are:
I96<»-1967 ii cylinder vehicles
1968-1973 i> cylinder vehicles
196U-1967 6 cylinder vehicles
1968-1973 6 cylinder vehicles
I96i»-t967 8 cylinder vehicles
1968-1973 8 cylinder vehicles
A multiple linear regression analysis was then ran for each sub-population/
pollutant combination. Each of these computer runs resulted In an equation of
the following form.
M ¦ Ao ~ A, x C|die ~ Aj * C^c ~ A3 x CHC + Au x C2SOO
Where:
M ¦ Mass emission of the given pollutant
C|dle " Concentration at key-mode Idle
Cj_c 0 Concentration at key-mode low cruise
Crc 0 Concentration at key-mode high cruise
^2500 = Concentration at 2500 RPM
A()/Aj,A2,Aj, Ai« " Coefficients resulting from regression analysis
The coefficients obtained are shown on the following page. There are no Aj,
coefficients for NOx because these reading are not available at 5500 feet.
To verify the validity of these equations, the concentration data at 5500 feet
were used to predict mass emission. These predicted values were compared to
the actual measured values resulting In the following correlation coefficients.
HC Correlation Coefficient » 0.826
CO " " ¦ 0.878
NOx " " ¦ 0.850
With 300 vehicles In the sample the correlation coefficients Indicate that the
predicted values closely match the measured values of mass emission.
As a final check predicted mass emissions at 5500 feet were used In the
data analysis computer program. The resulting table shown on page 3U can
be compared to the table entitled EXHAUST EMISSIONS AT 5500 FEET In appendix 3.
-------
Po pu 1 a 11 o n
HC
Pre-Contro1
4
cyl.
Control 1ed
4
cyl.
Pre-Control
6
cyl .
Contro11ed
6
cyl.
Pre-Contro1
S
cyl.
Contro11ed
8
cyl .
CO
Pre-Control
4
cy 1.
Control 1ed
4
cyl.
Pre-Control
6
cyl.
Control led
6
cyl.
Pre-Control
8
cyl.
Control 1ed
8
cyl.
NOx
Pre-Control
4
cyl.
Control 1ed
4
cyl .
Pre-Control
6
cyl.
Control led
6
cyl.
Pre-Contro1
8
cyl.
Control 1ed
8
cyl.
Ag A, A2 Aj Au
2.U5736
2.61735
5.41176
3.95373
4. 87529
2.46477
0.00208
0.001ou
0.00310
0.00503
0.00182
0.00133
-0.0U 760
0.00590
-0.01766
0.00391
0.00301
0.00139
0. 0931 4
0.00085
0.01220
-0.00648
0. 00607
0.00 7 24
0.00331
0.00258
0.00620
-0.00006
0.00191
0.00439
110.260
3 U.20 3
31 . 1*82
40.072
UO.UU1
41.353
11.856
0. 801
4. 300
-1 .664
5. 316
2.420
-35.626
8.406
9. 044
16.730
8.276
10.852
-6.974
3.442
3.441
1.869
2.205
6.507
14.099
1.172
0. 056
2.684
7.863
5. 787
1.11518
0.67221
0.45620
0.33778
0. 1 5562
0.48299
-0.02406
0.00389
0.00700
-0.00011
0.00179
0.00203
0.00044
0.00094
0.00064
0.00143
0.00131
0.00107
0.00055
0.00022
0.00029
0.00028
0.00053
0.00047
-------
EXHAUST EMISSIONS AT 5500 FEET
PREDICTED USING KEYMODE MODEL
~ OF HC CO NOX
VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D.
•VEHICLE MAKE
AMER. MOTORS 10 8.12 2.58 100.5 37.7 2.65 1.17
BUICK 15 10.49 7.23 143.6 53.4 2.09 1.07
CADILLAC 10 6.56 2.28 110.5 48.3" 2.16 0.95
CHEVROLET 67 8.47 5.15 118.7 53.6 2.36 1.15
CHRYSLER 10 8. 02 3. 30 149.4 63. 3 2.06 0. 89
DATSUN 3 4.72 0. 76 5U. 5 0. 9 2. 68 0. 39
DODGE 18 7. 72 2. 76 110.6 40.8 3. 20 1. 50
FORD 68 7.75 U.03 100.7 32.1 3.01 1.23
LINCOLN 0
MERCURY 11 8.88 3.89 106.7 60.U 3.25 1.81
OLDSMOBILE 16 8.26 6.07 128.3 42.6 2.06 0.79
OPEL 3 5.02 1.73 62.0 4.6 3.06 0.82
PLYMOUTH 22 8.47 5. 21 118. 2 38. 1 2.49 1.12
PONT I AC 20 8. 49 5. 87 112.9 51. 7 2. 78 1. 16
TOYOTA 6 5.03 1.50 68.1 37.7 2.07 0.85
VOLKSWAGON 20 6.30 2.14 82.5 26.7 2.22 0.60
VOLVO 1 4.82 0.00 49.9 0.0 4.36 0.00
•MODEL YEAR
1964 22 10.21 2.09 151.9 55.5 1.93 1.23
1965 30 11.45 6.15 143.3 44.9 1.93 1.10
1966 29 10.84 5.62 137.0 41.5 2.38 1.08
1967 29 10.43 2.54 142.3 41.1 2.19 1.13
1968 30 7.00 2.55 116.1 53.9 2.86 1.55
1969 29 7.12 4.95 98.3 27.4 2.99 1.01
1970 30 7.28 4.57 86.4 31.4 3.27 0.98
1971 35 6.71 4.85 84.5 28.6 3.05 1.17
1972 33 5.55 2.00 90.6 37.9 2.63 0.90
1973 33 4.73 1.32 75.2 20.2 2.41 1.03
•DISPLACEMENT
LESS THAN 151
151 - 250
251 - 350
MORE THAN 350
39
47
126
88
5. 82
6. 73
9.21
7. 85
1.83
2.69
5. 16
4.83
79.2
97. 3
124.4
110. 8
29.6
40. .1
46. 1
49.8
2.25
2.40
2.63
2. 79
0. 79
1. 14
1.24
1.27
•INERTIA WEIGHT
1800 - 2799 46
2800 - 3799 127
3800 - 4799 112
4800 - 5799 15
5. 86
7. 85
9. lb
6. 76
1.83
3.95
5.78
2.08
80. 1
107. 7
125.6
111.4
28.9
41.7
53.0
39. 8
2. 30
2.67
2.64
2.41
0. 86
1.22
1.28
1.11
• POPULATIONS
1964 - 1967 110 10.77 4.57 143.1 45.1 2.12 1.13
1968 - 1973 190 6.36 3.73 91.3 36.5 2.86 1.15
ALL VEHICLES 300 7.98 4.58 110.3 47.0 2.59 1.19
AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC.
19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011
-------
EXHAUST EMISSIONS AT 600 FEET
1975 FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE
f OF
VEH.
HC
MEAN S.D.
CO
MEAN S.D.
NOX.
MEAN S.D.
• VEHI CLE MAKE
AMER. MOTORS
BUI CK
CADILLAC
CHEVROLET
CHRYSLER
DATSUN
DODGE
FORD
LINCOLN
MERCURY
OLDSMOBILE
OPEL
PLYMOUTH
PONTIAC
TOYOTA
VOLKSWAGON
VOLVO
5
12
4
39
(i
2
10
35
1
7
11
1
12
14
3
10
0
5.40
4. 35
3. 22
5. 35
<». 58
2.60
4.60
5. 82
3. 2U
8.23
4.63
1.69
3. 53
6.1(1
it. 51
4. 29
2. 50
1. 73
2.42
2.92
0.68
0. 64
2.28
6. 58
0. 00
10.20
2. 78
0. 00
1. 20
6. 86
U. 82
2. 30
102.7
67. 8
57.9
65.2
67. 6
17.4
58.3
50.5
58.9
43.9
58. 1
41.8
55. 7
61.1
70. 7
49.4
65.2
34. 0
59. 7
35.5
38.2
9. 7
25.1
29. 3
0.0
19.9
27.4
0.0
32.9
20.7
89. 0
22.4
2. 84
4.51
5.05
3.61
4. 30
4.90
4.84
4. 79
4.55
6.54
4.58
1.56
5.11
4. 79
2.15
2.16
1.40
1.51
3.26
1.43
1.27
0.89
1.59
1.70
0.00
2.30
1.21
0.00
1. 6 7
1.39
1. 56
0.70
•MODEL YEAR
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
0
0
17
18
21
22
27
30
35
0
10. 99
6. 84
6.63
4. 80
3. 73
4. 06
2. 81
9. 37
2.99
6. 09
2.31
1. 13
1.97
0.96
89. 5
80. 3
61.3
61.9
49. 4
55. 8
40.4
45. 1
31.9
29.0
36. 2
23.5
31.2
24.9
3.49
3. 82
4.43
5.31
4.55
3. 80
4.47
1. 88
2.15
2.00
1. 89
1.67
1.43
1.43
•DlSPLACEMENT
LESS THAN 151
151 - 250
251 - 350
MORE THAN 350
20
18
73
59
4. 02
5. 08
5.02
5. 72
2.4 8
5. 15
2.61
6. 49
50. 2
55.3
63.4
57.8
36.6
43.2
33.5
31.0
2.45
3.89
4.24
5. 12
1. 16
1. 85
1.53
1. 74
•INERTIA WEIGHT
1800 - 2799 22
2800 - 3799 46
3800 - 4799 92
4800 - 5799 10
4.11
4. 58
5.96
2. 62
2.48
3. 40
5. 47
1. 09
51.6
53.4
66. 7
31.0
36. 0
32.6
33.8
15.6
2.43
4. 08
4.69
5. 78
1.11
1.55
1.70
1. 75
•POPULATIONS
1964 - 1967
1968 - 1973
ALL VEHICLES
35
135
170
8.85 7.08
4.19 3.04
5.15 4.58
84.7 38.6
52.4 29.6
59.0 34.2
3.66 2.00
4.47 1.70
4.30 1.79
AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC.
19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011
-------
EXHAUST EMISSIONS AT <500 FF.FT
1975 FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE
# OF
VEH.
HC
MEAN S.
CO
MEAN S.D.
NOX
MEAN S.D.
•VEHICLE MAKE
AMER. MOTORS
BUI CK
CADILLAC
CHEVROLET
CHRYSLER
OATSUN
DODGE
FORD
LINCOLN
MERCURY
OLDSMOBILE
OPEL
PLYMOUTH
PONTIAC
TOYOTA
VOLKSWAGON
VOLVO
10
15
10
67
10
3
18
68
0
11
16
3
22
20
6
20
1
7.33
10.01
G. 89
8.97
11.51
4. 21
7.28
7.23
7. 84
7. 80
4.51
8. 38
9. 17
4.43
6. 36
3. 29
2. 38
6. 82
3.81
7.04
9. Id
0.95
5. 09
3.93
4. 10
it.38
1.54
5. 58
7.29
1.62
2.67
0. 00
102.9
148.3
127.9
119. 4
172. 7
41. 1
102. 2
95.2
99. It
119.7
70.0
123.0
118.3
72. 8
81.9
30.9
27.9
43.4
60.it
63.8
67.8
5.0
U2. 8
35.8
69.6
40.3
29. 3
46.2
64. 8
40.2
23.4
0.0
2.70
2.34
2.69
2.29
2.11
2.77
2.96
2.98
3.49
2.36
2.19
2.26
2.67
2.52
2.21
4.82
1.27
1.22
1.28
1.24
1.07
1.00
1.14
1. 71
2.67
1.08
1.08
1.06
1.32
0.96
0.88
0.00
•MODEL YEAR
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
22
30
29
29
30
29
30
35
33
33
10. 03
11.92
11.11
9. 80
7.21
7.14
6.98
6.45
6. 04
4.57
3. 29
34
30
07
73
34
09
76
71
01
146. 7
148.4
140.6
137.4
113.5
97.5
86. 3
82.6
92.6
78.3
58.5
64. 1
39. 8
47.5
53. 2
37.9
40. 3
38.6
52.6
33.2
2.13
2.03
2. 16
2.16
2.83
3.24
3.37
3. 20
2.64
1.99
1.48
1. 16
0.91
1.67
1. 78
1.30
1.39
1.39
1.08
0.86
•DISPLACEMENT
LESS THAN 151 39
151 - 250 47
251 - 350 126
MORE THAN 350 88
5.82
6.72
8.97
8.19
2.43
3. 50
6. 20
6.07
79.2
97.3
117.9
120.2
33.2
43.6
52.2
61.1
2.25
2.40
2.47
3.02
1.00
1.39
1.29
1.63
•INERTIA WEIGHT
1800 - 2799 46
2800 - 3799 127
3800 - 4799 112
4800 - 5799 15
5.79
7.57
9.48
6. 89
2.35
4. 19
7. 38
3.25
77.9
103.6
129. 0
126.6
31.7
47.1
59.7
51.3
2.36
2.44
2.85
2.70
1.26
1.25
1.62
1.18
*POPULATIONS
1964 - 1967
1968 - 1973
ALL VEHICLES
110
190
300
10.77 5.77
6.36 4.71
7.98 5.54
143.1
91.3
110.3
52.5
44.1
53.5
2.12
2.87
2.59
1. 31
1.39
1.41
AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC.
19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011
-------
EXHAUST EMISSIONS AT 10000 FEET
PREDICTED USING KEYMODE MODEL
« OF
VEH.
HC
MEAN S.D.
CO
MEAN S.D.
NOX
MEAN S.D.
~VEHICLE MAKE
AMER. MOTORS
BUI CK
CADILLAC
CHEVROLET
CHRYSLER
DATSUH
DODGE
FORD
LINCOLN
MERCURY
OLDSMOBILE
OPEL
PLYMOUTH
PONTI AC
TOYOTA
VOLKSWAGON
VOLVO
8
10
1
56
7
0
9
31
0
9
7
0
8
11
3
13
0
8.87 4.82
9.46 2.70
5.97 0.00
10.83 5.98
17.63 11.84
8. 68 3. 31
8.98 4.47
13.20
9. 08
7. 58
2 . 15
10.20 4.31
12.07 6.51
5.50 1.17
14. 66 12.73
115.7
167. 1
108. 0
136.4
130.7
117.6
114.5
130. 8
131.5
148. 9
149. 3
80. 1
73. 8
53.6
37. 1
0.0
36.6
27.5
36. 3
39. 1
6 8.9
53.1
51.2
26. 8
15.7
40.3
2. 36
1.97
2.31
1. 19
1.07
1.69
2.20
2.21
1. 30
1. 19
1.21
2. 00
1.85
1.61
2.64
0.00
0.67
0.51
0. 59
1.49
1.51
0. 99
0. 76
0.62
0. 40
0.65
•MODEL YEAR
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
11
15
17
14
16
14
16
19
12
19
15.12 10.19
14.22 7.15
17.23
10.69
8. 21
9. 39
9. 80
9. 00
8. 68
6. 75
9. 29
3.42
3. 02
29
85
08
72
08
118.9
130.4
145. 1
127. 1
119. 1
128. 7
124. 8
117. 3
126. 1
121.6
46.9
45.0
61.4
40.1
52.2
38.7
40.6
40. 3
47.8
46.7
1. 70
1.22
1.16
1.11
2.13
2.68
1.67
1.91
1.62
1.59
1.46
0.65
1.49
0. 76
1. 16
2.22
0.95
1. 20
0.58
0. 73
•DISPLACEMENT
LESS THAN 151
151 - 250
251 - 350
MORE THAN 350
19
14
77
50
11.90 11.21
7.20 3.47
10.90 5.50
12.67 8.81
76. 2
100. 5
141. 1
121. 5
35. 7
26.5
41.4
49.3
1.87
2. 10
1.54
1.66
0.64
1.77
1.30
1.09
•INERTIA WEIGHT
1800 - 2799 27
2800 - 3799 78
3800 - 4799 41
4800 - 5799 0
7. 07 2. 64
10.91 5.99
10.94 6.30
96. 5
133. 1
140.4
35.8
41.3
45.5
2.00
1.61
1.63
1.21
1. 15
1.52
•POPULATIONS
1964 - 1967
1968 - 1973
ALL VEHICLES
57
96
153
14.42 8.04
8.57 4.66
10.75 6.74
131.8 49.4
122.5 43.5
125.9 45.9
1.27 1.14
1.92 1.26
1.68 1.25
AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC.
19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011
-------
VEH.NO. Emissions Tested at Date
Year Make Model Odometer
#cy 1 CID BBL Trans GVW HP
EMC EVC PCV NOxControl
KEY MODE
Bar. Dry bulb Wet bulb
HC
CO
NO r
RPM
MISFIRE?
Idle
Low Cruise
H1 eh Cruise
2500 RPM
Engine Data
Dwe 1 1 ° Timing £ Air Cleaner_
PCV Choke Heat riser Vac.Kick_
Original type carb? Ever replaced?
Disabled or missing emission control hardv/are?
DescrI be
Vehicle has been altitude calibrated at last tune?
Carb only Timing only Both_
Installed manual choke?
Scope Pattern Data
Polnt*/condenser Ignition wires
Plugs
Has vehicle ever been: Run on a dyno
In an emission test program
engine replaced
k Automotive Testing Laboratories, Inc.
-------
General Information
This Information will be punched and matched with vehicles tested at
5,!»00 ft. and sea-level.
The results will be useful In reflecting the effect of local conditions
on emission levels.
The order In which the form Is completed does not matter, but It would
help to record the "Key Mode" cycle last If the vehicle owner Is watching and
Is Interested In the emission readings. (Owners questions are more easily
answered with complete data.)
The Information sheet Is roughly divided Into sections.
First four 11nes
Deals with vehicle and engine Identification: use standard
reference sources and vlsual Inspection to obtain accurate data
here.
"Key Mode"
Records the emission levels In the vehicle exhaust during these
drIvlng modes.
"Engine Data"
Indicates engine conditions which May or May not have an effect
on emission levels.
"Scope Patterns"
Identifies malfunctions which havp a d i rect effect on
emission levels.
Last Three Lines
Is useful as background information.
Answer Gul rie
Air cleaner - dirty, plugged, clean
BBL - 1, 2, 3, U barrel, or 3x2, or two i» barrel, or fuel Injection.
Barometer - present reading.
Both - yes, no, or "?"
Cyl - i», 6, 8 cylinder engine.
CID - cubic Inch displacement as advertised or cub!1- centimeters advertised.
-------
Choke - Free and working, stretch open or part closed on fully warm engine,
or mlsslng.
Carb only - Yes, no or "?"
Date - Today
Dry bulb - Dry thermometer reading at time of "Key Mode" test.
Dwell - Actual dwell reading of engine at tdle speed.
Disabled, etc. - Yes or no
Describe - List anything you recognize, air cleaners, air pumps, VAC hoses,
temp, sensors, etc.
Emissions tested at - Campus altitude Is
EMC - If vehicle has some emission controls factory Installed say "yes"
EVC - If vehicle has evaporation control system say "yes"
Ever replaced - Yes, no, or "?"
GVW - Gross vehicle weight from tables or accurate guess.
Heat riser - OK, stuck open, stuck closed
HP - Dyno load set for "Key Mode" test.
Make - Ford, Chevy, etc.
Misfire - No (Yes If you feel It or hear It)
Model - Sedan, coupe, pick up etc.
Installed manual choke - If you see a bond choke replacing an O.E.M. auto
choke say yes otherwise no.
Ignition wires - Ok, some open, some grounded.
NO* Control - Yes or no (should only see It on 1973 - 7t» models)
Odometer - Actual observed: If over 100,000 add "0" example 3659 should
be entered 03659
Original type - Yes or no
PCV - Positive crankcase ventilation valve. Answer yes or no
PCV Engine data - OK, or plugged.
Polnts/cond - OK, or poor condition pattern.
Plugs - OK, shorted, open, etc.
Trans. - Automatic or manual.
Timing - Actual observed setting at idle speed with Vac line disconnected &
plugged.
Timing only - Yes, no, or ?
Veh. No. next unused number from list.
Vac kick - OK or faulty
Vehicle has.... - Yes, no or ?
Wet bulb - Thermometer reading (the wet one) at time of "Key Mode" test.
------- |