HIGH ALTITUDE VEHICULAR EMISSION CONTROL PROGRAM VOLUME X STUDY OF EMISSION DETERIORATION AND ENGINE DEGRADATION PREPARED FOR: ITATI OP COLORADO DIPARTMINT OP HIAITH DINVIR, COLORADO 10290 atl/ AUTOMOTIVI TIITINO ------- I HIGH ALTITUDE VEHICULAR EMISSION CONTROL PROGRAM VOLUME X. STUDY OF EMISSION DETERIORATION AND ENGINE DEGRADATION PREPARED FOR: STATE OF COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH DENVER, COLORADO 80220 /automotive AIL/ T"T'wo ------- Report on a Study of Emission Deterioration and Engine Degradation (With 10 Year Exhaust Emission Forecasts) for the State of Colorado Department of Health prepared by Automotive Testing Laboratories, Inc. 19900 East Colfax Avenue Aurora, Colorado 80011 ------- DISCLAIMER This report was furnished to the Colorado Air Pollution Control Commission by Automotive Testing Laboratories, Inc. in fulfillment of Contxact No. C291244. The contents of this report are reproduced herein as received from the contractor. The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the Air Pollution Control Commission. ------- SUMMARY A sample of 1964 through 1973 model-year vehicles was utilized to evaluate emissions deterioration and engine degradation associated with a specific approach to emissions Inspection/engine maintenance. Vehicles comprising the sample were tested at four stages in the program, before and after maintenance and again at six and twelve months after maintenance. Data developed from this segment of the study are combined in this report with data from several other studies and sources to define emission deterioration rates and maintenance factors relative to an annual and a semi-annual inspection/maintenance (I/M) frequency. These data are ultimately coupled with projected retrofit control program data to produce long-term (10 year) estimates on the effectiveness of I/M and retrofit emission control strategies. Trends in Denver -AQCR light-duty vehicle registration data combined with U. S. Department of Commerce sales projections indicate Denver area light-duty vehicle registrations will rise from a current level of 825,000 vehicles to 1,300,000 vehicles in 1985. Similarly, vehicle miles traveled are predicted to increase from the current 7.2 billion miles per year to a level of 11.6 billion miles per year in 1985. Approximately 70% of the exhaust hydrocarbon emissions increase from the new car state and 85Z of the carbon' monoxide increase are related to degradation external to the engine. The total of these Increases can initially be eliminated through engine maintenance. Although initial gains in CO reduction appear to be relatively long- term, initial gains in HC reduction are lost in a relatively short period of time. As a result, a semi-annual as opposed to an annual ------- I/M frequency is decisively more effective relative to HC reduction. Data from the twelve-month deterioration/degradation study indicated owner tampering to be minimal with regards to the overall effects on emission levels. In addition, poor correlations were found to exist between changes in emission levels and changes in engine parameters. As indicated above, a semi-annual I/M frequency is more effective relative to HC emissions control than an annual frequency. A semi- annual I/M frequency is expected to produce HC, CO and NOx reductions of 15%, 24% and 2% in 1980 while an annual program is expected to produce corresponding reductions of 7%, 24% and 2%. A retrofit program involving 90 percent of the 1968-1974 model-year vehicles is expected to produce additional HC, CO and NOx reductions of 7%, 19% and 3% irrespective of the I/M frequency. ------- 1. CONCLUSIONS 1. The number of light-duty motor vehicles in the Denver AQCR is expected to increase by a factor of 1.5 over the next ten years. 2. VMT is expected to increase during the same Interval by a factor of 1.6. The "difference between the projected vehicle registration increase factor and projected VMT increase factor is attributed to the higher VMT rates for newer vehicles. 3. An engineering analysis coupled with computer operations provided a mathematical model whereby vehicle age can be utilized to predict emission levels which may be realized through various maintenance treatments. This model indicates that 30% of the HC emissions increase from the new car state is attributed to degradation internal to the engine and 70% is attributed to degradation in the so-called tune-up items. Corresponding CO increases from the new car state are 15% due to internal factors and 85% due to degradation in tune-up parameters. Emissions increase attributed to internal degradation is not regarded as reducible short of major engine and component overhaul or replacement. The increase attributed to external degradation is reducible, however, through the tune-up process. These same factors are probably applicable to 1975 and later model cars as well, although severe deterioration in catalyst performance could result in Inordinately high deterioration rates. 4. The repair procedure employed in the I/M segment of the 1973 Colorado study program is adequate with respect to maintaining CO emissions reduction. Virtually all of the Initial CO reduction obtained by the repair procedure was maintained throughout the study interval. With respect to HC reduction, however, the repair procedure employed appears to be inadequate since the initial gain in HC reduction was lost in a relatively short period of time. An alternate strategy which will result in greater overall reduction of HC is a semi-annual I/M frequency. 5. Within the confines of the twelve-month study program, owner tampering had little if any Impact on emission levels. In addition, regression analysis indicated poor correlation between changes in emission levels and changes in engine operating parameters. 6. An annual I/M frequency is expected to reduce exhaust HC emissions by 7%, CO emissions by 24% and NOjj emissions by 2% in 1980. In 1975, an annual program is expected to reduce HC by 11%, CO by 44% and NOje by 2Z. 7. A semi-annual I/M program is expected to reduce exhaust HC emissions by 15%, CO emissions by 24% and NOg emissions by 2%. In 1985, a semi-annual program is expected to reduce HC by 21%, CO by 44% and NO* by 3%. 8. A retrofit program incorporating the current proposed emission standards is expected to produce additional emission reductions. ------- In 1980, HC reduction is expected to be 7%, CO reduction is expected to be 19% and NO reduction, 3%. In 1985, HC reduction is predicted at 2%, CO reduction is expected at 6% and N0X reduction will be virtually zero. 9. A combined annual I/M, retrofit program is expected to result in HC, CO and N0X reductions of 14%, 43% and 5% in 1980. In 1985, these reductions are expected to be 13% for HC, 50% for CO and 2% for N0X. 10. A combined semi-annual I/M, retrofit program is expected to result in HC, CO and N0X reductions of 22%, 43% and 5%. In 1985, these reductions are expected to be 23% for HC, 50% for CO and 3% for ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. CONCLUSIONS v 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS vii 3. INTRODUCTION 1 4. TECHNICAL DISCUSSION 3 4.1 PROGRAM OBJECTIVES 3 4.2 TWELVE-MONTH DETERIORATION PROGRAM DESIGN 3 4.2.1 Phase I - Initial Testing 4 4.2.2 Phase II - Six-Month Testing 5 4.2.3 Phase III - Twelve-Month Testing 6 4.2.4 Discussion of Potential Study Bias 6 5. DATA ANALYSIS AND EMISSION PROJECTIONS 9 5.1 METHODOLOGY 9 5.2 MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS 10 5.3 VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED 11 5.4 PROJECTED HC, CO AND NOx EMISSIONS FOR THE VARIOUS POPULATIONS 13 5.5 EMISSION MAINTENANCE FACTORS AND DETERIORATION RATES 20 5.6 RETROFIT EMISSION FACTORS 28 5.7 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION - ENGINE DEGRADATION AND OWNER TAMPERING 29 5.8 PREDICTED MOTOR VEHICLE EXHAUST EMISSION INVENTORIES 29 5.9 SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS 37 REFERENCES 39 APPENDICES 40 ------- 1. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 .8 9a 9b 10 11 12 Page 11 13 15 17 19 22 23 24 27 27 31 34 36 LIST OF FIGURES Thousands of Vehicles in Service on July 1 of Indicated Year in Denver Air Quality Control Region Rate of Vehicle Miles Traveled on July 1 of Indicated Year for Vehicles Registered in Denver Air Quality Control Region - Billions of Miles Hydrocarbon Emissions (Grams/Mile) from Various Vehicle Populations as Related to Age (Years) Carbon Monoxide Emissions (Grams/Mile) from Various Vehicle Populations as Related to Age (Years) Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions (Grams/Mile) from Various Vehicle Populations as Related to Age (Years) Relative Hydrocarbon Emission Levels as Related to Age (Years) with I/M Occuring at Different Intervals Relative Carbon Monoxide Emission Levels as Related to Age (Years) with I/M Occuring at Different Intervals Relative Oxides of Nitrogen Emission Levels as Related to Age (Years) with I/M Occuring at Different Intervals Relative Hydrocarbon Emissions as Related to Age (Years) Relative Carbon Monoxide Emissions as Related to Age (Years) Hydrocarbon Emission Rate (Thousands of Tons Per Year) on July 1 of Indicated Year in Denver Air Quality Control Region Carbon Monoxide Emission Rate (Thousands of Tons Per Year) on July 1 of Indicated Year in Denver Air Quality Control Region Oxides of Nitrogen Emission Rate (Thousands of Tons Per Year) on July 1 of Indicated Year in Denver Air Quality Control Region ------- LIST OF TABLES Page 1. Annual Mileage Accumulation Factors 12 2. Predicted Exhaust HC Emission Inventory Rates (Thousands of Tons/Year) for Different Control Strategies Showing 7. Reduction from No Control Strategy Levels 32 3. Predicted Exhaust CO Emission Inventory Rates (Thousands of Tons/Year) for Different Control Strategies Showing Z Reduction from No Control Strategy Levels 33 4. Predicted Exhaust NO;, Emission Inventroy Rates (Thousands of Tons/Year) for Different Control Strategies Showing % Reduction from No Control Strategy Levels 35 ------- 3. INTRODUCTION As reported in the Colorado air pollution control plan, mobile air pollutant sources account for the major part of the State's air pollution problems, particularly as relating to the metropolitan areas of the State. The plan, formulated and submitted to comply with requirements of the Environmental Protection Agency, indicates mobile sources in the Denver Air Quality Control Region (DAQCR) account for roughly 90 percent of the carbon monoxide emissions and 60 percent of both hydrocarbon emissions and resultant photochemical oxidants formed by atmospheric reaction of hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides. In dealing with these problems, the General Assembly of the State of Colorado, through legislation enacted in June of 1973, established the Colorado Vehicular Emission Control Program. The legislation directed the Colorado Department of Health to complete certain testing programs and studies, the purpose of which included the development and implementation of a specific plan for the control of motor vehicle emissions. As part of the overall program, a project involving a sample of 1964 through 1973 model-year vehicles was initiated in July of 1973. The project was designed to evaluate several strategies for the control of emissions from motor vehicles. Areas under investigation included emission inspection and maintenance (I/M), emission control retrofit, modified engine tune-up specifications and mandatory engine maintenance (M/M). As the program developed, it became apparent that much of the data generated by the study could be utilized for ------- purposes outside the initial scope of the project. A program to evaluate emission deterioration and engine degradation was subsequently designed and Implemented. The project involved the re-test of vehicles available at the conclusion of two consecutive six-month intervals. In initiating this segment of the study, it was hoped the resulting data would provide some insight into the rates at which gains in emission reduction achievable through an inspection/main- tenance program tend to deteriorate. These data, representing a small but relatively important aspect of the complex motor vehicle emissions picture, are combined in this report with other applicable data to produce motor vehicle exhaust emission forecasts. In addition to providing a summary of the conduct of the twelve- month deterioration study, this report describes the methodology employed to develop exhaust emission forecasts. Included are discussions and data relating to a ten-year projection of Denver area motor vehicle registrations and associated projections relating to vehicle miles traveled. Also included are discussions and data relative to the development of projected light-duty vehicle exhaust emissions, emission deterioration rates and emission maintenance factors for the past, current and future motor vehicle populations. Finally, as a result of the current Interest in a mandatory emission control retrofit program, projections on the effectiveness of this strategy and the combined effectiveness of a retrofit program and an I/M program on an annual and semi-annual basis are also developed and presented. ------- 4. TECHNICAL DISCUSSION 4.1 PROGRAM OBJECTIVES The study was Initiated to develop average emission deteriora- tion factors for light-duty motor vehicles (passenger cars and light trucks) operating in the Denver area. Another of its purposes was to provide a basis upon which degradation in engine parameters, including degradation caused by owner tampering and normal wear and tear, could be related to emission deterioration. In these regards, the overall objective of the study was to provide estimates on the effectiveness of the mandatory I/M and retrofit program proposed for the Denver Air Quality Control Region (DAQCR). 4.2 TWELVE-MONTH DETERIORATION PROGRAM DESIGN The twelve-month program was designed to establish emission deterioration and engine degradation rates for privately-owned light- duty DAQCR motor vehicles. Design elements included emission sampling and inspection of engine parameters over a time interval of approximately one year. Tests were performed on each vehicle initially and again at the conclusion of each of the two six month Intervals following initial testing. Deterioration/degradation (D/D) study vehicles originated from a sample of three-hundred 1964-1973 model-year vehicles selected, assembled and utilized to Investigate various emission control strategies in the Colorado environment (Volume' II, Experimental Characterization of Idle Inspection, Exhaust Control Retrofit and Mandatory Engine Maintenance, Colorado Health Department/EPA Region VII, December 1973). In this regard, however, 50 of these vehicles ------- were eliminated from consideration early in the D/D study effort chiefly as a result of the initial treatment to which they were necessarily subjected. As the study period progressed, an attrition rate of about 40 percent occurred in the two successive six-month test intervals as was anticipated. 4.2.1 Phase I - Initial Testing The first series of tests was conducted during the period August - November, 1973. Each of the 300 vehicles was initially subjected to mass emission tests to establish baseline light-duty vehicle emission data for the Denver area. Emission tests were performed in accordance with the 1975 EPA testing procedures. A batch of commercial summer-grade fuel was utilized to power the vehicles during laboratory testing. Following laboratory tests, vehicles were delivered to privately operated inspection sites for idle emission inspection. Pretrained site personnel performed the inspections and either "passed" or "failed" vehicles in accordance with a set of predetermined pass/fail inspection limits. The limits were designed to fail about 50 percent of the sample. Vehicles which failed the test were subsequently brought into compliance through application of a prescribed engine adjustment/ maintenance procedure and returned to the laboratory for mass emission testing to determine effectiveness of the adjustment and repair procedures. Certain of the vehicles, without regard for their pass/ fail status in the inspection/maintenance investigation phase of the study, were then utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of other emission control strategies of the emission control program. ------- As a prelude to returning each vehicle to its owner, the status of engine operating parameters (idle speed, ignition timing, etc.) was checked and recorded by laboratory personnel. The final check- out procedure included provisions for a subsequent determination on the extent of owner tampering and other maintenance activities during normal vehicle operation. During the vehicle exchange process, the owner was informed of study objectives and instructed to operate and care for the vehicle in a normal fashion. He was also instructed to contact the laboratory prior to the performance of any emission related maintenance. Maintenance was defined and owner/laboratory responsibilities relative the the D/D study were outlined in a letter provided to the vehicle owner. 4.2.2 Phase II - Six-Month Testing During the six-month interval which followed initial testing, the vehicles were presumably operated in a normal manner. At the conclusion of the interval, 180 + 10 days for each vehicle, a concerted effort to locate and retest each of the 250 qualified D/D study vehicles was made. This was during the period February - May, 1974. As anticipated, approximately 40 percent of the vehicles comprising the original sample were not available for retest. The reasons were several; owners had either moved, sold the vehicle, had a negative reaction to the program or simply lost interest. At the prescribed time, each available vehicle was scheduled into the laboratory for retest. Mass emission tests were again performed and idle emission inspections were conducted using garage- type inspection analyzers, this time not by inspection station personnel but by laboratory personnel. The batch of commercial ------- summer-grade fuel, stored in tightly sealed containers since the initial testing phase, was used for emission testing. The status of engine components and adjustment parameters was also inspected and recorded. Test vehicles were then returned to their owners for utilization during the final test interval. However, for this phase of the program, owners were not alerted to the possibility of retest. This strategy was applied for the purpose of minimizing any owner biasing relative to vehicle maintenance and operational practices which may have been inadvertently introduced. 4.2.3 Phase III - Twelve-Month Testing Final tests were performed approximately one year after initial testing or 180 + 10 days after the six-month testing was completed. This was during the period August - November, 1974. The testing and inspection procedures were identical to those applied in prior phases. The only notable difference in the final test phase as opposed to prior phases related to the fuel used for emission testing. The fuel batch used in the first two phases had been exhausted. However, a new batch of summer-grade fuel from the same commercial supplier was obtained and utilized. 4.2.4 Discussion of Potential Study Bias Respective of each vehicle individually, the study spanned a period of one year with sampling limited to a one day period each six months. Respective of the overall sample, sampling was confined to time periods of about 3 months. As a result there were sizeable time gaps during which data were not developed. These gaps may or may not be significant insofar as the shape of the annual emission deterioration curves are concerned. Any seasonal factors, for example, ------- relating to vehicle maintenance and attendant changes in emission levels, may have over or under emphasized incremental time or mileage emission deterioration rates. To add further to the complexity of the study, the Denver area, during the sampling interval, shared with the rest of the country in an unprecedented modern-day fuel shortage. The impact of the shortage and, presumably, the attendant alterations to mileage accumulation patterns, frequency of vehicle useage, gasoline purchasing patterns and, in general, the overall care and utilization of the automobile by the motoring public are virtually impossible to assess. In this regard, however, it has been established that overall vehicle useage was reduced during the period which may have resulted in shorter trips and fewer miles traveled at normal engine operating temperatures. This factor may have altered engine deposit build-up and subsequently changed engine operating and emission characteristics. In these same regards, the general slow-down in the local and national economy which became evident in the latter part of 1974, may have had similar impact on motor vehicle operation and care. Another area which should be discussed in some detail is the manner in which the study was designed and conducted. As discussed earlier, prior to the first sis-month segment of mileage accumulation, each participant was alerted to the possibility of retest and to the commitment by the laboratory to free emission related maintenance. Surprisingly, few of the participants took advantage of this situation. In addition, each participant was informed of overall program objectives, a factor which also may have introduced bias. In this same regard, any effects caused by an awareness of program objectives may have ------- diminished during the study interval. On the other hand, the mere presence of identifying marks on engine components and adjustments, utilized to assist in a determination of tampering, may have tended to discourage at least a minimal amount of emission related maintenance. ------- 5. DATA ANALYSIS AND EMISSION PROJECTIONS The purpose of this study relates to the impact a mandatory I/M program and a mandatory retrofit program may have on motor vehicle emissions in the Denver area over a period of several years. To make this determination with some degree of confidence, it became necessary to assemble and analyze data from several volumes of study reports. Data from these reports, all of which are based on previous observa- tions and measurements on vehicles operating in the Denver area, are combined with and/or compared to data developed in the current deterio- ration study report. It also became necessary to examine and project the impact of 1975 and later model-year vehicles (presumably oxidation catalyst equipped) on future motor vehicle emission inventories. Inasmuch as practical, the following paragraphs of this section describe the methodology employed which ultimately produced projections of motor vehicle emission inventories for calendar-years 1975 through 1985 with and without implementation of the I/M and retrofit control strategies. 5.1 METHODOLOGY Basically, the methodology employed was comprised of six major tasks as follows: Develop a projection of motor vehicle registrations in the Denver AQCR. Develop a projection of vehicle miles traveled (VMT) for the region. Develop projections of motor vehicle HC, CO and NO emissions for the various vehicle populations. Develop emission maintenance factors and deterioration rates for the various populations. Develop retrofit emission factors for the various populations. ------- Combine the registration, VMT, emission, deterioration, main- tenance and retrofit factors to produce a model or models to describe future light-duty motor vehicle emission inventories. 5.2 MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS Two reference sources were utilized to project motor vehicle registrations for the Denver AQCR for the years 1975 through 1985. The Department of Commerce publication (Reference 1) indicates trends in car sales in the U. S. for the years 1975 through 1980. These trends were further projected through the year 1985 and reduced by a factor which describes the current relationship of total car sales in the Denver AQCR to national sales or vehicle registration data. Subsequently, vehicle attrition curves were applied to each Denver AQCR vehicle model-year using the first-year- after-introduction, least squares and Weibull distribution equations in accordance with the techniques developed in the ATL/EPA study (Reference 2). These data were then combined to produce the curve shown in Figure 1. In viewing data from Figure 1, it may be seen that approximately 825,000 light-duty vehicles will be registered in the Denver AQCR in mid-1975. It may also be seen that the number of registered vehicles is expected to increase at a rate of about 4 percent per year such that in 1985 as many as 1,300,000 vehicles will be operating in the Denver AQCR. ------- FIGURE 1 Thousands of Vehicles in Service on July 1 of Indicated Year in Denver Air Quality Control Region. 5.3 VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED VMT data from three sources are summarized in Table 1. Mileage accumulation factors listed under the column headed Denver (ATL) were developed from odometer readings taken initially and at the twelve-month test point on each of the 109 vehicles which completed the twelve-month deterioration study interval. These data represent average miles driven by vehicle age in years. Factors listed under the column headed Denver (Olson) were derived from data reported by Olson Laboratories, Inc. (Reference 3) for the Denver AQCR. The third ------- column is comprised of nationwide mileage accumulation factors extracted from an EPA air pollution factors report (Reference 4). TABLE 1 Vehicle Age Years 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 and older Displacement (CID) Less than 151 151-250 251-350 More than 350 Inertia Wt. (lbs.) 1800-2799 2800-3799 3800-4799 4800-5799 Annual Mileage Accumulation (Miles) Denver (ATL) Denver (Olson) National (EPA) 11,100 8,900 9,100 9,900 9,200 8,400 6,600 7,100 7,100 5,500 10,500 7,200 8,100 8,200 9,100 8,700 7,700 5,800 13,300 12,100 11,000 10,000 9,100 8,200 7,400 6,700 6,100 5,600 4,600 15,000 14,000 13,100 12,200 11,300 10,300 9,400 8,500 7,600 6,700 Table 1, Annual Mileage Accumulation Factors The task of developing VMT for the Denver area was a relatively simple one. For any given future year through 1985, the VMT factors associated with the various vehicle ages were merely combined with predictions of the number of vehicles in service for the year in question. Denver (Olson) mileage factors were utilized for this purpose. The resulting VMT curve is shown in Figure 2. ------- FIGURE 2 Calendar Year Rate of Vehicle Miles Traveled on July 1 of Indicated Year for Vehicles Registered in Denver Air Quality Control Region - Billions of Miles 5.4 PROJECTED HC, CO AND NO^ EMISSIONS FOR THE VARIOUS POPULATIONS An engineering analysis of data obtained from the twelve-month Colorado deterioration study and several other sources was performed as a first step toward defining emissions deterioration. Preliminary plots of the combined data indicate two distinct vehicle populations respective of IIC and CO emissions. These are the HC/CO controlled (1968-1974 model-years) and the uncontrolled (1967 and older) vehicles. In addition, the 1975-1976 model-year vehicles (essentially catalyst equipped), the 1977-1981 model-year vehicles (presumably catalyst equipped meeting interim standards at altitude) and the 1982 and newer model-year vehicles (presumably catalyst equipped meeting the ------- the more stringent standards) are to be considered as a third, fourth and fifth population. With respect to the pre-NOx controlled vehicles, existing data indicate three populations respective of NO^ emissions, 1967 and older vehicles, 1968-1972 model-year vehicles and 1973-1974 model-year vehicles. A fourth and fifth population, 1975-1981 model- year vehicles and 1981 and newer model-year vehicles, are also to be considered. As will be discussed later, however, these may be treated as two populations; 1) 1968-1972 model-years and 2) all other model-years, on the basis of both measured and predicted NO^ levels. Curves to describe HC emission levels as a function of vehicle age for the five populations are presented in Figure 3. With regards to two of the curves, empirically derived data points are based on average Denver HC exhaust emission levels extracted from EPA emission factors programs (FY 71, FY 72 and FY 73, References 5, 6 and 7), the Colorado emission study report (Reference 8) and the twelve-month Colorado deterioration study data (zero, six and twelve-month test points). In addition, the lower end of the 1967 oodel-year and older vehicle curve was defined through data derived from the Domlce/Rose report (Reference 9) which provided an Indication of the zero mile HC level for uncontrolled vehicles operating in the Denver area. Also, the upper end of the 1968 model-year and newer vehicle curve was established based on the assumption that HC emissions from the 1968-1974 vehicle population would Increase at the absolute rate of increase found to exist relative to the older vehicles. The validity of this assumption ------- becomes apparent as the age of the 1968—1974 population approaches five years. In the absence of historical data, the third, fourth and fifth curves, shown in Figure 3 to represent the 1975-1976, 1977-1981 and 1982 and newer model-year vehicles which presumably will be catalyst equipped, are based largely on assumption. However, some indication of catalyst emission deterioration rates, based on 1975 model-year EPA certification tests, were unofficially provided by car company representatives. These provided the basis on which assumptions relating to consumer-owned Denver area catalyst emission deteriorations were made. FIGURE 3 Vehicle Age Hydrocarbon Emissions (Grams/Mile) from Various Vehicle Populations as Related to Age (Years). ------- For reasons relating to this study, the first assumption made is that 1975-1976 cars are, or will be, delivered by the factory with emissions approximately equal to maximum levels set by Federal standards. The validity of this assumption was confirmed for prior model-years by standardizing to sea-level and projecting in-use vehicle surveillance data back to zero miles. According to the latest available information, the following current and/or proposed standards are appli- cable relative to Denver's altitude. Model-Year Grams/Mile Compliance HC CO NO* Required 1.5 15 3.0 Sea-level 1.5 15 2.0 Altitude 1975-1976 1977-1981 1982-later 0.41 3.4 2.0 Altitude With respect to the 1975-1976 model-year vehicles, for which compliance with standards at altitude is not a requirement, altitude correction factors were applied to each pollutant respectively. The corrected HC values were utilized to establish the zero year point of Figure 3 for the 1975-1976 population. The balance of this curve was constructed by applying the HC deterioration factor developed from pre-1975 model-year vehicles. HC emission level curves for 1977 and later model-year vehicles were developed in a similar manner with one exception. Since the 1977 and subsequent model-year vehicles are required to meet standards at altitude, the zero year point was assumed to be the applicable standard. As shown in Figure 4, CO emission level curves were also developed for the five populations. In this regard, techniques and assumptions ------- similar to those employed to describe HC deteriorations were utilized. With reference to empirically derived data for the 1967 and older population, it appears that CO emissions tend to decrease with increasing vehicle age. However, this is probably not the case. This phenomenon is explained when the heretofore relatively common practice of re-jetting carburetors to improve operation at altitude is taken into consideration. FIGURE 4 Vehicle Age Carbon Monoxide Emissions (Grams/Mile) from Various Vehicle Populations as Related to Age (Years). ------- In developing the CO emission curves, the only departures from techniques applied to develop HC curves relate to defining the vehicle age at which CO emissions tend to stabilize. Firstly, since the practice of carburetor re-jetting of pre-1968 models appeared to confound the issue, a best fit second degree polynomial equation was applied to the 1968-1974 model-year CO emission test points. The curve was projected beyond the vehicle age of five years. Secondly, since 1968-1974 model-year CO emissions appeared to be near maximum at a vehicle age of five-six years, it seemed logical to assume CO emissions from pre-1967 model-year cars would have followed the same pattern had re-jetting not been a factor. In this 3ame regard, it also seemed logical to assume the entire pre-1968 population had deteriorated to maximum or near-maximum CO values regardless of re- jetting. It also followed that the difference between near maximum CO emissions from five-year-old 1968-1974 model-year vehicles and pre- sumably near maximum CO emissions from six-year-old pre-1968 model- year vehicles could be utilized to establish the CO deterioration rates for pre-1968 model-year vehicles In the absence of significant quantities of data. On this basis, the lower end of the pre-1968 curve was projected to zero years by using the up-slope segment of the deterioration curve developed for 1968-1974 model-year vehicles. The projected zero year CO level for the older cars compared favorably to data from the Domke/Rose report for new pre-control vehicles. N0X emission level curves are shown in Figure 5. As Indicated earlier, it appears that N0X emissions and the attendant deterioration rates may be considered with respect to two populations, one to comprise ------- the 1968-1972 model-year vehicles and the other to comprise all other vehicles. FIGURE 5 Vehicle Age Oxides of Nitrogen Emissions (Grams/Mile) from Various Vehicle Populations as Related to Age (Years). The rationale applied to relate NO^ emissions to two populations is based on observed N0X emission levels for the pre-1975 model-year vehicles and maximum NO levels set by Federal standards. As shown in x J Figure 5, data relating to the pre-1968 model-years indicate the NO level for this segment of the total population to be from 2 to 2.5 grams per mile. Similarly, data relating to the 1973-1974 model-year vehicles ------- fix the NOx level for these cars between 2 and 2.5 grams per mile. Likewise, Federal N0X standards for the 1977 and later model years regulate new car NO emissions at or below the 2 grams per mile level. A With respect to the 1975-1976 model-years, however, although Federal standards allow NO^ emissions up to a 3 grams per mile level, the standards do not apply at altitude. As a result, the 1975-1976 NO levels for new vehicles operating in Denver will probably start at 2 grams per mile. On the basis of these observations and assumptions, the 1968-1972 population is comprised of the only vehicles not emitting or expected to emit at other than the 2 to 2.5 grams per mile level. Regarding NO deterioration, the curves shown in Figure 5 are A based on both assumption and observation of measured NO emissions. x The trends in data for the 1968-1972 model-year segment indicate an initial rise in NO^ emissions during the first four-year period after vehicle introduction. Maximum NO^ levels are seen at a vehicle age of about four to five years followed by a period of decline as the vehicle continues to age. Based on data relating to the pre-1968 model-year vehicles, NO^ emission levels apparently tend to stabilize after the vehicle reaches an age of about eight or nine years. 5.5 EMISSION MAINTENANCE FACTORS AND DETERIORATION RATES In reviewing data from the EPA emission factors programs, the Colorado emission study program of calendar year 1973, the Colorado twelve-month emission deterioration program and other sources, two factors became apparent. First of all, several emission deterioration rates emerged, each of which is related to the maintenance treatment to which a vehicle is subjected. Secondly, given the circumstances ------- under which emissions occur, it now becomes possible to predict, within a reasonable range of certainty, the effectiveness of an I/M emission control strategy under a variety of applications. Figure 6 illustrates average HC emission deterioration rates and maintenance factors which emerged in the course of investigation. The zero (0) HC emission level represents the HC baseline for new vehicles irrespective of the population to which a vehicle belongs. As indicated, each deterioration rate and maintenance factor can be related to vehicle age. With reference to Figure 6, the curve shown to represent the maximum levels to which HC emissions may rise above the new vehicle state is based on data which reflect current Denver area emission related maintenance practices. The curve shown to represent minimum HC emission levels is based on average HC emission reductions measured in the 1973 Colorado emission study program. Effectiveness data resulting from the 1973 study were generated on the basis of idle mode inspection with a 50% failure rate. Irrespective of this factor, idle mode inspection at 50% rejection and the resulting maintenance produce near minimum emission levels relative to the pre- 1975 model-»year cars. The basis for this statement is demonstrated in Colorado's 1973 program where idle inspection at 50% rejection produced reductions slightly less than the mandatory maintenance control strategy. The extent to which these factors apply to 1975 and later catalyst equipped cars are discussed later In this section. With further reference to Figure 6, the dashed vertical lines represent emissions maintenance factors. As shown, these factors represent reduction by a constant percentage of overall HC emissions ------- deterioration regardless of the age of a vehicle. The dashed diagonal lines represent emissions deterioration back toward the pre-maintained state. The slope of these lines was defined from twelve-month emission deterioration study data. As indicated, HC levels from study vehicles deteriorated to the pre-maintenance state during the first six-month test interval. In the second six-month interval, HC levels followed a course of deterioration normal to the age of the vehicle. This relatively rapid return of HC levels to the pre-maintained state is of great significance relative to the I/M frequency as will be later demonstrated. FIGURE 6 Vehicle Age Relative Hydrocarbon Emission Levels as Related to Age (Years) with I/M Occuring at Different Intervals. Once the HC emission maintenance factors and deterioration rates associated with I/M were established, it was a relatively simple process to predict the average levels to which HC emissions would ------- rise as a result of an I/M control strategy. The two intermediate curves shown in Figure 6 demonstrate average levels above baseline values to which HC emissions may deteriorate as a result of an annual and a semi-annual I/M frequency. As shown, these levels are decisively different relative to the two inspection frequencies. This difference results primarily from the fairly rapid HC deterioration which occurs in the first six months after maintenance. 0123456789 10 11 Vehicle Age Relative Carbon Monoxide Emission Levels as Related to Age (Years) with I/M Occuring at Different Intervals. Similar curves relating to CO emissions are shown in Figure 7. The top curve represents CO emissions above baseline values resulting from current CO emission related maintenance practices. The bottom curve represents minimum possible levels above baseline values as determined from Colorado's 1973 study program. Vertical dashed lines FIGURE 7 No I/M ------- indicate emission reductions attained through the I/M strategy and diagonal lines indicate CO emission deterioration rates upward toward the pre-maintained state. The slope find magnitude of these lines are exaggerated for demonstration purposes. In this regard, it may be seen that CO emission deterioration rates are considerably less than the HC deterioration rates of Figure 6 with respect to the initial reductions. As indicated, much of the CO reduction initially gained by I/M is retained over the one-year period. NO curves showing minimum, maximum and intermediate levels to which NO emissions deteriorate and NO maintenance factors are x x presented in Figure 8. The discussions relative to Figures 6 and 7 for HC and CO emissions may be similarly applied with respect to the NO^ data of Figure 8. 0123456789 10 11 Vehicle Age Relative Oxides of Nitrogen Emission Levels as Related to Age (Years) with I/M Occuring at Different Intervals. FIGURE 8 No I/M ------- As may be surmised, the maintenance factors and deterioration rates presented are considered representative of the total vehicle population as reflected by and confirmed In each of the Denver area emission study reports. This assumption, based on observations of current emission related maintenance practices in the Denver area, is applied to the 1975 and later model catalyst equipped vehicles as well. In this regard, however, it should be noted that the potential for emissions deterio- ration in 1975 and later models is significantly greater than for the pre-1975 models with respect to initial emission levels. Whereas HC emissions from a pre-1975 model-year vehicle could increase by a factor of 10 due to a burned exhaust valve, mis-firing spark nlug or other gross malfunction, this factor relative to a catalyst equipped vehicle could be as high as 100 if like malfunctions coincide with catalyst failure. In addition, it should also be noted respective of initial levels, that emission deterioration rates for 1975 and later models could be significantly higher than for pre-catalyst cars if any appreciable deterioration in catalyst performance is experienced. In the course of the engineering analysis which was coupled with computer operations, it became apparent that emissions deterioration could be classified and related to factors both internal and external to the engine. Degredatlon internal to the engine is attributed to normal wear associated with the engine and certain major engine components which is not recoverable short of major overhaul or replacement. More specifically, internal degredatlon is related to ring wear, valve leakage, cam wear, etc., in reference to the engine block, wear in the drive and other mechanisms in reference to the distributor and ------- air or fuel passage clogging in reference to the carburetor to list a few examples. Degradation in catalyst performance caused by exposure to lead compounds and severe overheating which precipitates mechanical failure is also considered a form of internal degradation. External degradation, on the other hand, is recoverable through attention to the so-called tune-up items. These are generally regarded as comprising items such as ignition parts (spark plugs, points, wires, etc.), the air filter element, the crankcase ventilation valve and external ignition and carburetor adjustments. The extent to which external degradation is recoverable was determined through experiments performed relative to the Colorado High Altitude Emission Control Program. The curves shown in Figure 9, which are the same as certain of those shown in Figures 6 and 7, demonstrate typical differences in emission rates for HC and CO emissions. The higher rates are based on emission levels reflective of current Denver area maintenance practices. The lower rates are based on minimum emission levels which may be obtained through a totally effective maintenance program. With reference to Figure 9, it can be seen that of the total HC deterioration which occurs in the Denver area as the vehicle ages, approximately 70Z is related to external factors or to the so-called tune-up items. As a result, a sizeable percentage of this deterioration is recoverable through maintenance. The balance, about 30Z, is internal and is not recoverable under normal conditions. The same is true of CO emissions at 85Z and. 15% respectively. ------- FIGURE 9a Vehicle Age Relative Hydrocarbon Emissions as Related to Age (Years). FIGURE 9b Vehicle Age Relative Carbon Monoxide Emissions as Related to Age (Years). In spite of the fact that little altitude data is available to relate deterioration to the 1975 and later model-year cars, the factors ------- shown in Figure 9 are considered applicable to this segment of the population nonetheless. As indicated earlier, EPA new car certification data for the 1975 model-year were unofficially provided by car company representatives. Included in these data were indications of emission deterioration rates developed for 50,000 miles of urban driving. These data were utilized to test the assumptions made relative to 1975 and later model catalyst equipped vehicles. In this respect, these assump- tions, based on observations of pre-1975 model-year cars, were confirmed. The EPA certification data deterioration factors, considered as reflective of internal degradation only, bore remarkable resemblance to the same factors developed for pre-catalyst cars on the basis of more extensive historical data. 5.6 RETROFIT EMISSION FACTORS A retrofit emission control strategy for application to th«S 1968- 1974 model-year segment of the vehicle population was examined as part of the Colorado emission control program. As shown in study programs, retrofit is an effective control strategy. Retrofit emission factors, which are discussed relative to the emission projections of paragraph 5.8, are based on the current proposed retrofit performance standards (Reference 10). These standards are defined with respect to two segments of the population, the 1968- 1972 model-year vehicles and the 1973-1974 model year vehicles. Standards for 1968-1972 model-year vehicles require HC, CO, and NO^ emission reductions of 17%, 48% and 29% respectively. Standards for 1973 and 1974 model vehicles call for a 17% reduction in HC emissions, a 42% reduction in CO emissions and a maximum allowable increase in NO emissions of 24%. As proposed, these standards are measured in terms ------- of vehicle fleet averages and are determined from a tuned-up vehicle baseline condition. In addition, significant emissions deterioration relating to retrofit performance is neither permitted by the standards nor anticipated. As a result, the current prescribed emission reduction standards are considered synonymous relative to the retrofit emission factors. 5.7 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION - ENGINE DEGRADATION AND OWNER TAMPERING The twelve-month emissions deterioration/engine degradation study was designed and conducted with provisions to assess the extent of owner tampering and provisions to establish correlations between engine degradation and changes in emission levels. As reported in the interim study report (Reference 11) on emissions deterioration and engine degra- dation, owner tampering in the true sense of the word was minimal. On the basis of observations made over the entire twelve-month period, owner tampering in the true sense is still considered minimal and having rela- tively little impact on emission levels. Engine diagnostic and emission data were subjected to regression analysis Involving all significant combinations of engine parameter changes and emission changes. These analyses established relatively poor if any correlations in these regards. 5.8 PREDICTED MOTOR VEHICLE EXHAUST EMISSION INVENTORIES Predicted motor vehicle exhaust emission inventories presented in this section are predicated on the observations and assumptions proposed and discussed in previous paragraphs. With respect to any application to which these data may be subjected, it should be realized that 1975 and later model-year vehicles, for which little emission performance data is available, will play an increasingly more significant ------- role in each successive future year. As a result, the accuracy of these data will vary in accordance with the performance of these vehicles. In addition to prior assumptions and observations, the predicted inventories were established assuming; 1) ninety percent of the 1968 and later model-year vehicles would be subjected to the I/M process and 2) ninety percent of the 1968 through 1974 model-year vehicles would be retro- fitted. In these regards, the status of pre-1968 model-year vehicles would remain unchanged. Predicted exhaust HC emission inventories for light-duty vehicles are graphically shown in Figure 10. These same data are presented in tabular form in Table 2 where an approximation of exhaust HC reductions achievable through implementation of I/M and I/M/Retrofit strategies is also shown. As may be seen from these data, implementation of an I/M nrogram on an annual basis will result in an overall exhaust HC reduction of about 7% and 11%, respectively, in calendar years 1980 and 1985. The retrofit control strategy, on the basis of proposed retrofit standards, will result in additional corresponding exhaust HC reductions of 7% and 2%. On the other hand, a semi-annual I/M program is expected to result in exhaust HC reductions of 15% in 1980 and 21% in 1985, roughly doubling the reductions expected for an annual program. This is primarily attributed to the relatively high HC emission deterioration rates found in the twelve-month study program. Coupled with a semi-annual I/M program, HC reduction through retrofit remains unchanged. ------- FIGURE 10a ANNUAL INSPECTIONS 120 100 80 60 40 No Control Strategy 20 I I I 78 79 80 Calendar Year I 81 i 83 —r 85 74 75 76 i 77 82 84 120 FIGURE 10b SEMI-ANNUAL INSPECTIONS 100 80 4 60 40 No Control Strategy I/M I/M with Retrofit 20 1 I 79 I I 74 75 76 I1" 77 78 80 81 82 83 84 85 Calendar Year Hydrocarbon Emission Rate (Thousands of Tons Per Year) on July 1 of Indicated Year in Denver Air Quality Control Region ------- July : of Yei 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 TABLE 2 Predicted Exhaust HC Emission Inventory Rates (Thousands of Tons/Year) for Different Control Strategies Showing % Reduction from No Control Strategy Levels No Control Strategy Annual I/M Semi-Annual I/M Annual I/M w/Retrofit Semi-Annual I/M w/Retrofit (Rate) (Rate) (%) (Rate) (%) (Rate) (*) (Rate) (%) 56.9 56.9 56.9 56.9 56.9 56.5 56.5 56.5 56.5 56.5 55.4 55.4 55.4 55.4 55.4 54.0 54.0 54.0 54.0 54.0 52.4 49.5 5.5 46.6 11.1 44.9 14.3 42.3 19.3 51.2 48.0 6.3 44.7 12.7 43.9 14.3 40.9 20.1 50.4 46.9 6.9 43.3 14.1 43.3 14.1 40.0 20.6 50.1 46.2 7.8 42.4 15.4 43.2 13.8 39.6 21.0 49.1 45.0 8.4 40.8 16.9 42.5 13.4 38.6 21.4 47.8 43.4 9.2 39.0 18.4 41.5 13.2 37.2 22.2 46.9 42.3 9.8 37.6 19.8 40.9 12.8 36.3 22.6 46.6 41.7 10.5 36.7 21.2 40.7 12.7 35.8 23.2 ------- July : of Yei 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Predicted vehicle exhaust CO inventories are shown in Table 3 and Figure 11. Here it can be seen that relatively small differences exist relative to an annual versus a semi-annual I/M program. In both cases, CO emission reductions resulting from an I/M program are about 24% and 44% for calendar years 1980 and 1985. CO reduction through retrofit is expected to be about 19% and 6%, respectively, regardless of the I/M frequency. TABLE 3 Predicted Exhaust CO Emission Inventory Rates (Thousands of Tons/Year) for Different Control Strategies Showing % Reduction from No Control Strategy Levels No Control Strategy (Rate) Annual I/M (Rate) (%) Semi-Annual I/M (Rate) (%) Annual I/M w/Retrofit (Rate) (%) Semi-Annual I/M w/Retrofit (Rate) (%) 823 823 823 823 823 804 804 804 804 804 763 763 763 763 763 716 716 716 716 716 667 548 17.8 548 17.8 395 40.8 395 40.8 622 493 20.6 493 20.6 361 41.9 361 41.9 583 445 23.7 445 23.7 333 42.9 333 42.9 550 404 26.5 404 26.5 312 43.3 312 43.3 513 358 30.2 358 30.2 286 44.2 286 44.2 474 311 34.4 311 34.4 256 46.0 256 46.0 443 271 38.8 271 38.8 231 47.9 231 47.9 420 238 43.3 . 238 43.3 210 50.0 210 50.0 ------- FIGURE 11a Calendar Year FIGURE lib SEMI-ANNUAL INSPECTIONS Calendar Year Carbon Monoxide Emission Rate (Thousands of Tons Per Year) on July 1 of Indicated Year in Denver Air Quality Control Region ------- In like regards, predicted light-duty vehicle N0X emissions are shown in Table 4 and Figure 12. Here it can be seen that relatively little differences in N0X reductions exist with respect to an annual versus a semi-annual I/M frequency. Furthermore, a retrofit strategy will Initially produce more sizeable N0X reductions than an I/M strategy. TABLE 4 Predicted Exhaust N0X Emission Inventory Rates (Thousands of Tons/Year) for Different Control Strategies Showing % Reduction from No Control Strategy Levels July 1 of Year No Control Strategy Annual I/M Semi-Annual I/M Annual I/M w/Retrofit Semi-Annual I/M w/Retrofit (Rate) (Rate) (%) (Rate) (%) (Rate) (%) (Rate) (2) 1974 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 20.5 1975 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 20.6 1976 20.8 20.8 20.8 20.8 20.8 1977 21.1 21.1 21.1 21.1 21.1 1978 21.5 21.2 1.4 21.1 1.9 19.8 7.9 19.7 8.4 1979 22.0 21.6 1.8 21.6 1.8 20.5 6.8 20.4 7.3 1980 22.6 22.2 1.8 22.1 2.2 21.3 5.8 21.3 5.8 1981 23.4 22.9 2.1 22.8 2.6 22.3 4.7 22.2 5.1 1982 24.3 23.8 2.1 23.7 2.5 23.4 3.7 23.3 4.1 1983 25.4 24.8 2.4 24.7 2.8 24.6 3.1 24.5 3.5 1984 26.7 26.1 2.2 26.0 2.6 25.9 3.0 25.8 3.4 1985 28.2 27.5 2.5 27.4 2.8 27.5 2.5 27.3 3.2 ------- FICURE 12a Calendar Year FIGURE 12b Calendar Year Oxides of Nitrogen Emission Rate (Thousands of Tons Per Year) on July 1 of Indicated Year in Denver Air Quality Control Region. ------- 5.9 SUMMABX OF OBSERVATIONS AND ASSUMPTIONS 5.9.1 A projection of trends in Denver AQCR light-duty motor vehicle registration data combined with predicted national car sales (Department of Commerce) indicate registrations in the region will rise from about 825,000 vehicles in calendar-year 1975 to about 1,300,000 vehicles in calendar-year 1985. 5.9.2 Similarly, vehicle miles traveled (VMT) are predicted to increase from the estimated current VMT of 7.2 billion miles per year to an estimated 11.6 billion miles per year in 1985. 5.9.3 Several light-duty motor vehicle populations respective of exhaust HC, CO and NOx emissions have been identified. Cate- gorically, these are; 1) pre-1968 model-year vehicles; 2) 1968- 1974 model-year vehicles; 3) 1975-1976 model-year vehicles; 4) 1977-1981 model-year vehicles and 5) 1982 and later model- year vehicles with regards to HC and CO emissions. With regards to NOjj emissions, two populations have been identified; 1) 1968- 1972 model-year vehicles and 2) all other vehicles. The patterns by which HC, CO and NOx emissions from pre-1975 model-year vehicles tend to rise can be predicted with respect to current Denver AQCR maintenance practices. These increases are expected to be essentially the same from population to population when considered on an absolute basis. 5.9.4 Emissions deterioration rates can be related to maintenance treatments to which a vehicle population is subjected. These rates are determined by degradation both internal and external to the engine (and/or catalyst). Under the usual circumstances, only deterioration related to external engine degradation comprising about 70% and 85% of the total HC and CO increases can be checked. Emissions maintenance factors developed in the 1973 Colorado study program result in near maximum emissions reduction initially. With respect to HC emissions, however, the relatively high after-maintenance HC deterioration rates which occur particu- larly in the six-month period following maintenance tend to reduce maintenance related benefits. These same deterioration rates and maintenance factors are assumed to apply to the 1975 and later model-year catalyst equipped vehicles. EPA 1975 model-year certification test data provide indications this assumption is correct since HC, CO and NOx deterioration factors related to internal engine degradation compare favorably to pre-1975 model deterioration factors. 5.9.5 With regards to the twelve-month deterioration study program, owner tampering in the true sense was minimal and had relatively little impact on emission levels. In addition, regression analyses ------- involving all pertinent combinations of engine parameter and emission changes produced relatively poor correlations in these regards. 5.9.6 On the basis of the many observations and assumptions, an annual I/M program is expected to reduce light-duty vehicle exhaust HC, CO and NO emissions in the Denver AQCR by 7%, 24% and 2% in calendar year 1980. Reductions of 11%, 44% and 2% are expected for calendar year 1985. A semi-annual I/M program is expected to produce HC, CO and N0X emission reductions of 15%, 24% and 2% in 1980 and 21%, 44% and 3% in 1985. With respect to HC reduction, a semi-annual program appears to be more beneficial. A retrofit program, incorporating the current proposed emission reduction standards, is expected to produce additional HC, CO and NO reductions of 7%, 19% and 3% in 1980 and 2%, 6% and 0% in ?985. ------- REFERENCES 1. 0. S. Department of Commerce; U. S. Industrial Outlook 1975 with Projections to 1980. 2. Automotive Testing Laboratories, Inc.; Vehicle Testing to Deter- mine Feasibility of Emission Inspection at Altitude, EPA Contract 68-01-0439; September, 1972. 3. Olson Laboratories, Inc.; Volume III, Vehicle Emission Inspection and Control Program; State of Colorado, Department of Health; November, 1972. 4. Compilation of Air Pollutant Factors; Environmental Protection Agency; Publication AP-42. 5. Automotive Environmental Systems, Inc.; A Study of Emissions From Light-Duty Vehicles In Six Cities; Environmental Protection Agency; Publication APTD-1497; January, 1972. 6. Automotive Testing Laboratories, Inc.; A Study of Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles in Denver, Houston and Chicago; Environmental Protection Agency; Publication APTD-1504; December, 1972. 7. Automotive Testing Laboratories, Inc; A Study of Emissions from Light-Duty Vehicles in Denver, Houston and Detroit; Environmental Protection Agency; Publication No. EPA-460/3-74-015; October, 1974. 8. Automotive Testing Laboratories, Inc.; High Altitude Vehicular Emission Control Program, Volume II; State of Colorado, Department of Health/EPA Region VIII; December, 1973. 9. Charles J. Domke, Andrew H. Rose Jr.; U. S. Public Health Service; Exhaust Emissions from Vehicles Equipped with Production Exhaust Control Devices; AICHE Annual Meeting; December, 1968. 10. Colorado Air Pollution Control Commission; Proposed Colorado Exhaust Emission Control Device Test Procedures for Used 1968 through 1974 Model-Year Motor Vehicles Under 6,001 Pounds Gross Vehicle Weight. 11. Automotive Testing Laboratories, Inc.; Report on Emission Deterio- ration and Engine Degredation; State of Colorado, Department of Health; Interim Report. ------- APPENDICES ------- CONTENTS OF APPENDICES Appendix Ho, Description Page A Calculation of Vehicular Emission Inventory 1 B Listing of Vehicles Utilized in Twelve-Month Deterioration Study 4 C Test Results of Twelve-Month Deterioration Study 7 D Histograms of Emissions Generated from Twelve-Month Deterioration Study 18 E Projections of Vehicle Population and VMT in Denver Air Quality Control Region to 1985 31 F Projections of Average Vehicular Emissions for Denver Air Quality Control Region to 1985; Assuming Various Control Strategies 34 G Vehicular Emission Inventory Projections for Denver Air Quality Control Region to 1985; Assuming Various Control Strategies 50 ------- APPENDIX A Calculation of Vehicular Emission Inventory The rate at which vehicular pollutants are emitted to the atmos- phere is controlled by three factors, 1) the number of vehicles in operation; 2) the rate of mileage accumulation on each of those vehicles; and 3) the rate of emissions from each of the vehicles. Since available data for these factors is presented in terms of model year or vehicle age, total emittants are easily calculated for the vehicle populations by individual model years. The total emittants for all vehicles is then obtained by summing the emittants of all the Individual model years. For the purposes of this study, vehicles older than the 1957 model year were not considered. It should be noted that the 1957 and newer model-year vehicles account for more than 99.9% of the total vehicle population. The total emittant rate can be written in equation form as follows: Et - total rate of emissions into the atmosphere (Tons/Year) m - subscript denoting individual model years VMTm - vehicle miles traveled per year for designated model year Em - emission rate (Tons/Mile) for designated model year This equation was used to generate the curves which are labeled as resulting from no control strategy in Figures 10, 11, and 12 of the main text. In order to project emission rates resulting from the implemen- tation of an inspection and maintenance program, the emission rates (Em) 85 VMTm X Em mp57 where, ------- of individual model years must be corrected. Analysis, described in the main body of the report, has shown that as a vehicle ages the emissions rise above the new car state in a predictable manner. Further, this same analysis indicates that a certain fraction of this deterioration is recoverable through an Inspection and maintenance program. The emittant rate of the total vehicle population, with the implementation of an inspection and maintenance program, is written in equation form as follows: where, Etim VMTm Km Kmn Rim This equation resulted in the curves labeled as resulting from an I/M control strategy in Figures 10, 11, and 12 of the main text of this report. A further reduction in emissions is achievable through a retrofit control program. Such a program would be implemented in conjunction with inspection and maintenance, and would result in lowered emissions from those model years to which it was applied. The emission rate of the total vehicle population, with the 85 Etim ¦ ^ VMTm X [Em - (Em - Emn) X Rim] m-57 - total rate of emissions into the atmosphere (Tons/Year) - vehicle miles traveled per year for designated model year - emission rate (Tons/Mile) for designated model year assuming vehicle follows normal deterioration (no control strategy) - emission rate (Tons/Mile) of a new car of designated model year - fraction of deterioration recoverable through an inspection and maintenance program. ------- implementation of inspection and maintenance and the added implemen- tation of a retrofit program, is written in equation form as follows: 35 Etimr ¦ VMTm X [Em - (Em-Emn) X Rim] X (1-Rmr) m™57 where, Etimr - the total of emissions into the atmosphere (Tons/Year) from all vehicles with the implementation of an inspection and maintenance program and a retrofit program Rmr - the fractional reduction in emission rates achievable through retrofit for the designated model year The other terms are as previously defined. This equation was used to project the emission rates labeled as resulting from I/M with RETROFIT on Figures 10, 11, and 12 of the main body of this report. ------- APPENDIX B LISTING OF VEHICLES UTILIZED IN TWELVE-MONTH DETERIORATION STUDY ------- VEHICLES REMAINING AFTER TWELVE MONTHS VEHICLE YEAR MAKE MODEL 12 1967 CHRY STAW 14 1964 CHEV CHE2 15 1967 FORD STAW 16 1967 FORD FALC 17 1966 CHEV BISC 24 1964 CHRY NEWP 26 1965 CADI DEVI 27 1965 MERC MONR 28 1.964 OLDS STAW 29 1965 PONT TEMP 31 1964 CHEV IMPA 1964 FORD FAIR 38 1966 FORD GALA 40 1968 FORD CUST 43 1971 FORD MAVE 45 1972 DODG DART 48 1967 MERC STAW 1964 DODG POLA 60 197S CADI DEVI 63 1967 PLYM FURY 64 1970 AMMO REBE 66 1970 PLYM DUST 72 1972 CHEV NOVA 73 1971 FORD TORI 74 1965 FORD FAIR 75 1971 FORD PINT 76 1967 BUIC LESA 78 1972 FORD STAW Z9 1971 FORD STAW 83 1970 DODG DART 90 1970 FORD MAVE 91 1973 PONT LEMA 93 1972 PLYM DUST 96 1965 PONT CATA 104 1968 PLYM BELV 107 1965 CHEV CORV 109 1966 AMMO AMER 115 1967 CHEV IMPA 118 1967 PONT CATA 122 1967 PONT FIRE 126 1966 CHEV IMPA 127 1966 DODG CORO 129 1965 CHEV BISC 130 1965 FORD MUST 132 1965 VOLfC SEDA 133 1970 FORD TORI 140 1966 OLDS DYNA 142 1972 CHEV NOVA 143 1966 FORD MUST 149 1966 FORD GALA 153 1965 CHEV BELA 158 1970 OLDS STAW 161 1969 MERC COUG 166 1970 VOLK SEDA 168 1966 VOLK SEDA CID 383 194 289 289 283 361 429 w 327 289 390 302 170 225 390 18 318 232 318 250 289 98 340 318 200 400 198 389 273 164 232 283 400 326 327 318 283 200 73 & 350 289 352 283 455 351 97 78 CYL ~8~ 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 8 8 6 8 6 8 8 4 8 8 8 8 6 8 6 8 8 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 6 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 4 CARB 4 " 1 2 2 2 2 4 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 2 1 2 2 4 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 4 2 2 2 1 2 1 4 2 2 1 2 2 2 4 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 4 2 4 2 1 1 IN.WT. 5000 3000 3500 3000 4000 4500 5000 4000 4000 3500 3500 3500 4000 4000 2750 3000 4500 4000 000 000 3500 3000 3000 3500 3500 2250 4000 4000 4500 3000 2750 4000 3000 4000 3500 2750 3000 4000 4000 3500 4000 3500 3500 2750 2000 3500 4500 3500 3000 4000 4000 4500 3500 2000 2000 TRANS A 3 3 A A A A A A A A 3 A A 3 A A A A A A 3 A A A 4 A A A A A A A A A 4 3 A A 3 A A A 3 4 A A A A A A A A 4 4 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 00011 ------- VEHICLES REMAINING AFTER TWELVE MONTHS VEHICLE 170 171 175 177 179 180 181 185 187 190 191 196 197 207 208 211 212 213 218 222 239 245 247 249 251 252 258 260 261 270 271 272 273 276 278 279 2o0 286 287 291 292 293 296 300 307 309 312 314 321 327 YEAR 1966 1965 1972 1972 1973 1968 1968 1971 m 1967 ^Z1 1972 1972 1971 1970 1967 1966 1965 1969 1968 1968 1968 1971 1973 1973 1965 1971 1969 1971 1967 1966 1970 1971 1969 1971 1972 1965 1973 1969 1969 1972 1971 1970 ]$i 1970 MAKE FORD FORD CHEV CHRY CHEV FORD CHEV TOYO FORD PLYM CHEV CHEV FORD VOLK DATS PLYM FORD CHEV CHEV AMMO BUIC DODG VOLK FORD FORD PLYM CHEV OLDS FORD CHRY FORD CHEV PONT PLYM CHEV PONT FORD TOYO CHEV DODG BUIC PLYM CHEV FORD FORD OPEL CHEV FORD MERC FORD CHEV FORD TOYO TOYO MODEL MUST STAW NOVA NEWP NOVA GALA NOVA CORO LTD DUST CHE2 CAPR PINT SQBK 510 FURY MUST STAW NOVA AMER WILD CORO SEDA FAIR GALA FURY IMPA OMEG THUN IMPE MUST NOVA FIRE FURY CAPR LEMA MUST STAW STAW CHAR LESA FURY NOVA MUST MUST MANT NOVA TORI COME BRON NOVA GALA CORO CORO CID 200 250 326 318 400 326 289 120 1.2 31 455 318 307 351 260 116 230 351 302 302 250 Ml 113 CYL ~8~ 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 8 6 6 8 4 4 4 8 8 8 8 6 8 8 4 8 8 8 8 8 6 6 8 8 8 8 8 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 4 6 8 8 8 6 8 4 4 CARE 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 FI 1 2 2 2 2 1 4 2 1 2 2 4 4 4 4 4 1 1 4 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 4 2 2 4 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 IN.WT. 3000 4500 3500 4500 3500 4000 3000 2000 4500 3000 3000 4500 2250 2500 2000 4000 3000 4000 3500 3000 4500 3500 2000 3500 4000 4000 4000 3500 5000 5000 3000 3500 3500 4000 4000 3500 3000 2500 4000 3500 4500 4000 3500 3500 3000 2250 3000 3500 3000 3500 3500 4500 2500 2500 TRANS A A A A A A A 4 A A 3 A A 4 4 A 3 3 A 3 A A 4 3 A A A 3 A A 3 A A A A A A A 3 A A A A A A 4 A A A 3 A A 4 4 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA. COLO. 80011 ------- APPENDIX C TEST RESULTS OF TWELVE-MONTH DETERIORATION STUDY ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS BEFORE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE 1975 FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE ALL VEHICLES # OF HC CO NOX VEH. ODOM. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. •VEHICLE MAKE AMER.MOTORS 3 65856 6.27 1.8 83.8 20.8 3.42 1.65 BUICK 3 39310 65453 13.02 10.0 194.3 52.8 1.55 .92 CADILLAC 2 5.78 0.3 129.0 62.3 3-37 1.62 CHEVROLET 24 46325 7.41 i3:S 103.9 47.8 2.33 CHRYSLER 4 nil 14.42 199.9 92.9 1.41 .78 DATSUN 1 4.37 0.0 42.2 0.0 3.61 0.00 DODGE 6 38172 6.63 2.2 100.6 12.5 3.00 1.03 FORD MERCURY 3? 47606 48090 Hi U 36.6 35.0 2.98 4.42 1.62 3.47 OLDSMOBILE 4 45229 7.58 5.2 118.8 60.8 2.10 1.42 OPEL 1 6817 4.81 0.0 78.3 0.0 1 .77 0.00 PLYMOUTH 9 45104 55483 9.34 7.6 122.0 46.1 2.51 .80 PONTIAC 7 11.85 10.1 128.0 56.7 2.15 1.03 TOYOTA 4 40399 5.22 1.4 81.2 48.3 2.49 .67 VOLKSWAGEN 5 49330 6.26 2.3 80.2 31.3 2.27 1.14 VOLVO 0 0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 MPG MEAN S.D. 17.61 10.51 11 .23 14.32 10.30 22.04 14.52 14.82 13-52 11.38 21 .64 14.19 12.97 18.37 21.33 0.00 1.12 1 .40 2.44 2.48 1.53 0.00 1.43 HI .94 0.00 2.67 1.39 2.44 1 .81 0.00 •MODEL 1964 1965 1966 IIS 1969 1970 m 1973 YEAR 7 15 13 7 12 ]? 10 59567 5c 57013 37832 m 9630 9.04 11 .30 9.13 10.62 6.47 5.99 7.25 ?:E 4.18 3-2 7.8 2.0 U 1.8 6.9 1 .4 9.7 1.1 139.3 130.6 132.0 '!?:§ 97.0 81.3 80.2 97.0 74.4 55.6 52.0 26.6 42.8 38.5 39.7 lit 79.8 20.6 1.81 .99 2.24 1.23 2.72 2.17 3-39 .89 2.20 2.33 2.76 1.29 3.34 1.37 2.< 2.( 2.02 1.20 1 .20 .70 14.35 3-09 14.79 4.18 13.78 2.84 13.69 1.§3 15.11 2.87 14.86 1.20 14.97 3.59 15.67 5.16 14.91 3-95 14.32 3-45 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 13 151 - 250 14 251 - 350 47 MORE THAN 350 35 J377 5354* 44011 5.70 1.7 IM I? 8.12 77.0 32.0 80.0 24.4 4 120.6 44.8 7.6 113.2 63.0 2.40 .90 2.69 1.12 2-39 1.27 3.02 1.85 20.52 2.36 18.51 2.23 13.90 1.32 11.88 1.72 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 17 49 38 5 39888 44365 52206 60120 5.86 1.8 73.2 29.1 2.45 .87 7.11 3.1 97.6 39.3 2.56 1.27 10.21 7.9 133.0 60.1 2.81 1.87 6.51 1.0 134.3 34.4 2.61 1.08 20.68 2.17 14.93 1.79 12.00 I.38 11.07 1.48 •POPULATIONS 1964 - 1967 48 1968 - 1973 61 ALL VEHICLES 109 65172 10.20 4.9 32920 6.22 5.2 47123 7.97 5.4 1^4.7 107i§ 4 4 50: .2 2.29 1.45 2.91 1.40 2.63 1.45 14.15 3-07 15.01 3 .66 14.63 3.42 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE 1975 FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE ALL VEHICLES # OF VEH. ODOM. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN S.D. •VEHICLE MAKE AMER.MOTORS BUICK CADILLAC CHEVROLET CHRYSLER DATSUN DODGE FORD MERCURY OLDSMOBILE OPEL PLYMOUTH PONTIAC TOYOTA VOLKSWAGEN VOLVO 3 3 2 24 4 1 6 3? 4 1 4 5 0 65856 39310 65453 46325 53878 27615 38172 47606 4^090 45229 6817 45104 55483 40399 49330 0 83-8 189.8 129.0 103.9 114.1 46.6 101.2 95.9 72.1 117.5 59.8 101.9 131.4 68.9 70.3 0.0 20.8 69.8 62.3 50.1 27.9 0.0 60.1 Jo6:? 62.3 0.0 tl'.l 54.0 22.3 0.0 3.42 1.78 3-37 2.12 2.03 2.91 2.47 2.67 4.96 2.10 1.78 2.58 2.09 2.30 2.20 0.00 1.65 1.04 1.62 1.16 .71 0.00 1.09 I'M 1.51 0.00 1.0 1.1 1.13 1.05 0.00 17.61 10.33 11 .23 14.29 11.96 21.79 15.06 14.Q2 12.89 11.80 21.82 14.49 13.05 19-67 22.51 0.00 1.12 1.43 2.44 Ui 0.00 2.15 .81 0.00 3.83 1.35 0.00 •MODEL YEAR 1964 1965 7 15 65985 78272 1966 13 59567 !38 m 1969 7 57013 1970 12 37832 1971 1972 !? mi 1973 10 9630 7.86 9.47 8.23 IM 7.08 4.86 4.80 4.70 4.09 2.5 5.6 2.1 2.8 3.6 3.3 1.1 1 .0 1 .8 1.1 119.5 133.5 117.5 l|6.g 113-4 75.1 70.1 74.7 74.4 44.0 57.4 35.0 42.5 41.8 56.7 41.2 12:3 27.1 1 .78 1.16 2.05 1.09 2.56 .72 2.09 2.20 2.76 1.77 2.60 2.19 3.11 1.06 §:« I:?? 2.00 .86 15.03 2.61 14.71 3.98 14.69 3.45 13.83 1.74 14.66 3.55 14.46 1.49 15.26 3.77 15*.3§ 14.39 3-44 •DISPLACEMENT 151 - 251 - 250 350 151 13 35881 4.71 1 .2 66.8 14 43771 6.18 3 1 81.6 47 53548 7.89 3-2 115.1 350 35 44011 6.64 4.3 103.4 31.1 Vei 53.8 2.25 .93 2.69 1.25 2.10 1.03 3.06 1.84 21.55 2.79 18.25 2.19 14.07 1.57 12.09 1.53 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 17 2800 - 3799 49 "800 - 4799 38 ~00 - 5799 5 38 39888 44365 52< 60120 4.96 6.69 8.03 6.78 1.4 67.0 1.4 95.3 119.7 136.4 28.7 41 .4 54.9 36.4 2.31 .92 2.36 1.28 2.75 1.75 2.60 1.08 21.23 2.62 15.02 2.02 12.33 1.33 10.97 1.48 •POPULATIONS 1964 - 1967 1968 - 1973 ALL VEHICLES 48 61 109 65172 32920 47123 9.04 5.20 6.89 3.7 2.2 3.5 127.9 80.3 101 .3 45.5 .8 .4 2.16 1.40 2.77 1.36 2.50 1.41 14.51 3-10 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER SIX MONTHS 1975 FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE ALL VEHICLES # OF VEH. ODOM. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN S.D. ~VEHICLE MAKE AMER.MOTORS BUICK CADILLAC CHEVROLET CHRYSLER DATSUN DODGE FORD MERCURY OLDSMOBILE OPEL PLYMOUTH PONTIAC TOYOTA VOLKSWAGEN VOLVO 3 3 2 24 4 1 6 3,2 4 1 1 5 0 70610 41407 69122 50864 56396 30858 39550 51347 52112 47686 11046 49402 58908 47707 54532 0 74.1 201 .6 113-5 102.8 124.6 45.2 118.2 102.2 81.9 114.5 63.4 120.6 137.9 87.3 77.2 0.0 31 .2 133.6 39.8 52.9 39.8 0.0 76.8 49.8 55.2 60.8 0.0 55.0 59.3 51 .7 35.8 0.0 4.05 2.03 3.22 2.25 1.96 3.43 2.75 2.58 3-71 1.94 1.58 2.47 2.14 1.69 1.88 0.00 1.95 1.33 1.22 1.45 .52 0.00 1 .45 1:28 1 .50 0.00 1.30 1.30 .72 • 73 0.00 17.60 10.36 10.78 14.48 11 .32 21.12 14.18 14.86 13.09 11.75 22.11 13.68 12.65 20.05 21.16 0.00 .19 2.37 2.35 2.42 1.45 0.00 2.34 ?:1? .77 0.00 3.50 3*.?7 1.63 0.00 •MODEL YEAR 1964 1965 1966 HIS 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 7 15 13 7 12 1? 10 68704 81623 63056 61341 42515 35201 20934 14684 8-35 9.56 14.67 3.8 3-3 11 13.58 12.2 . .96 10.61 4.98 7.80 5.27 4.24 1 .6 12.0 1.4 7.0 0.8 127.1 148.0 137.8 136.5 81 .7 108.6 80.1 77.1 58.3 74.8 39.8 44 .0 41.6 77.7 36.5 3? if 22.4 1.93 1 1-89 1 2.29 1 1 .81 1 3.14 1 2.40 1 3.02 1 I'M I 2.07 45 03 06 58 60 54 36 14.96 2.73 14.08 4.00 13.66 2.75 13.45'1.8f 15.11 14.9? K 2.83 15.39 3.59 15.91 5.23 15.48 3-92 14.32 3.58 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 13 151 - 250 14 251 - 350 47 MORE THAN 350 35 41129 m 47764 5.25 6.01 10.93 10 8.19 6.2 2.8 77.8 35.5 1.85 .75 m m 14.4 68.3 1 114 2.96 1.51 2.17 1.32 2.83 1.53 20.81 2.32 18.39 1.96 13.84 1.80 12.02 1.86 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 17 2800 - 3799 800 - 4799 800 - 5799 44442 48434 55788 62770 5.58 2.9 7.62 4.7 11 .87 11.4 6.60 1.7 77.5 97.8 28 .0 12 141 32.7 51 .4 64.0 3 55.0 2.02 .89 2.44 1.42 2.66 1.60 2.35 1.00 20.63 2.19 15.03 2.20 12.11 1.36 10.32 1.54 •POPULATIONS 1964 - 1967 48 68468 1968 - 1973 61 37313 ALL VEHICLES 109 51033 11.86 9.2 m 5:1 139.1 82.0 107.2 1.98 1.24 2.81 1.42 2.45 1.40 13.92 2.96 15:16 7 3.5] AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER TWELVE MONTHS 1975 FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE ALL VEHICLES # OF VEH. ODOM. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN S.D. •VEHICLE MAKE AMER.MOTORS 3 74 3 60 BUICK 3 43838 CADILLAC 2 74056 CHEVROLET 24 56004 CHRYSLER 4 60233 DATSUN DODGE 1 6 34231 42776 FORD MERCURY 32 4 5555? 55044 OLDSMOBILE 4 51514 OPEL 1 14306 PLYMOUTH 9 54162 PONTIAC 7 62137 TOYOTA 4 53774 VOLKSWAGEN 5 60674 VOLVO 0 0 2.44 1.64 4.05 2.26 2.35 3.62 2.66 2.55 3.7-3 2.06 1 .43 2.1 3.15 2.22 0.00 •39 1.16 2.30 1 .40 1.01 0.00 1-33 1.37 2.12 1.12 0.00 •63 1 -33 .92 1.74 0.00 18.47 2.08 10.06 .11 12.33 2.11 11:13 ?:?? 15.0- 13.45 11.r 0.00 2.56 3.65 1 -I1 .66 .85 22.43 0.00 13.85 " " 12.01 20.81 22.76 1.79 0.00 0.00 ?:S 4.50 *MODEL YEAR 1964 1965 1966 \m 1969 1970 W\ 1973 7 15 13 7 12 1? 10 71466 85403 66662 61871 67228 66268 47718 m 20684 11.97 10.7 10.33 7.3 18.23 24.8 11.^0 4.4 10.79 10.51 5.26 5.12 5.44 4.27 8.4 7.9 2-3 1.6 3-1 0.7 126.6 127.5 145.5 162.7 9?!? 73.6 74.1 "8.2 9.9 56.1 1.83 1.49 55.8 2.04 1.39 54.2 2.22 1.22 72.5 1.65 1.44 40.8 2.68 1.64 69.2 2.87 1.50 31.1 2.79 .47 !!:? 2:8 1 -P 23.0 2.31 .88 15.28 14.75 J;94 11 13-53 3-60 13.03 2.51 1 2.7$ 15.19 2.91 15.41 \i:H. 14.39 3.58 50 5:81 "DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 13 46379 151 - 250 14 50975 251 - 350 47 61604 MORE THAN 350 35 52170 6.00 3.1 7.80 8.1 12.40 14.8 7.00 3.2 63.2 78.8 127.0 106.1 32.3 20.7 65.7 57.5 2.41 1.37 2.28 .71 2.04 1.26 3.07 1.42 22.33 2.74 18.82 2.48 13.63 2.20 12.15 1 .52 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 17 2800 - 3799 49 3800 - 4799 38 4800 - 5799 5 49009 53063 59870 65929 7.60 7.6 7.13 3-6 13.30 16.2 6.22 l.g 64.5 101 .9 130.4 112.5 29.6 57.5 64.1 39-7 2.34 1.27 2.33 1.25 2.50 1.45 3.44 1.43 21.81 2.95 15.11 2.48 11.87 1.44 11.51 1.54 •POPULATIONS 1964 - 1967 48 1968 - 1973 61 ALL VEHICLES 109 71921 12.97 14.3 42388 6.43 4.9 55394 9.31 10 .6 141.8 60.4 1.95 1.35 42.0 59.6 2.83 1.20 2.44 1.33 14.03 3.56 15.51 4.26 14.86 4.02 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE 1975 FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE ALL VEHICLES # OF VEH. ODOM. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN S.D. •VEHICLE MAKE AMER.MOTORS 3 0 BUICK 3 0 CADILLAC 2 0 CHEVROLET 24 0 CHRYSLER 4 0 DATSUN 1 0 DODGE 6 0 FORD 32 0 MERCURY 4 0 OLDSMOBILE 4 0 OPEL 1 0 PLYMOUTH 9 0 PONTIAC 7 0 TOYOTA 4 0 VOLKSWAGEN 5 0 VOLVO 0 0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.87 2.0 4.6 17.1 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 -0.1 16.3 8.41 15.5 85.8 117.0 0.01 0.0 -4.4 0.0 -0.97 3.8 -0.6 49.9 0.58 -0.43 2.0 0.5 -1:1 22.3 19.2 1.27 4.8 1.3 25.5 1.22 0.0 18.5 0.0 8.4 20.1 18.0 3.67 7.5 -3.4 27.5 1.36 1 .0 12.2 12.5 0.55 1 .5 9.8 22.7 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 -0.23 .24 0.00 0.00 0.21 .69 -0.62 .90 0.70 0.00 0.53 1.53 0.31 -0.54 0.01 1.11 .93 .49 ¦0.01 0.00 -0.07 0.05 0.19 0.07 .52 .70 0.00 0.00 0.19 .46 0.00 0.00 0.03 1.16 -1.66 2.11 0.26 0.00 -0.53 1.14 -0.10 0.6' 0.00 0.00 3 0.42 -0.18 -0.30 -0. -1.31 -1.19 0.00 11 :8 38 i:§? .13 0.00 .82 .73 1.60 1-37 0.00 .49 -0.68 •7T .69 0.08 1.18 .68 -0.91 1.13 -0.15 .59 1.46 0.45 1.20 1.46 0.39 .54 1.50 -0.29 1.12 .62 .91 .1:22 l:?7 • 36 -0.07 .45 •MODEL YEAR 1964 7 0 1.17 3.5 19-8 37.5 0.04 1965 15 0 1.83 5.5 -2.9 25.1 0.19 1966 13 0 0.89 1.9 14.5 20.8 0.16 1967 13 0 0.63 1.6 3-4 14.9 0.08 1968 8 0 -0.32 3.4 6.1 34.8 0.63 1969 7 0 -1.09 2.7 -16.4 34.7 0.15 1970 12 0 2.39 6.9 6.2 20.0 0.23 1971 13 0 0.95 1.0 10.1 12.8 0.05 1972 11 0 2.7b 9.6 22.2 77.4 -0.11 1973 10 0 0.09 0.6 -0.0 12.7 0.02 ~DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 13 0 0.99 1.3 10.2 15.9 0.15 .51 -1.03 1.32 151 - 250 14 0 0.22 0.6 -1.6 17.0 -0.01 .39 0.26 1.12 251 - 350 47 0 1.06 4.3 5.5 25.5 0.30 .90 -0.17 1.03 MORE THAN 350 35 0 1.48 6.4 9.7 48.8 -0.03 1.07 -0.22 1.09 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800-2799 17 0 0.90 1.2 6.2 16.9 0.14 .45 -0.55 1.62 2800-3799 49 0 0.42 2.1 2.3 24.9 0.20 1.04 -0.08 1.08 800 - 4799 38 0 2.18 7.3 13-3 46.9 0.06 .88 -0.33 1.00 800 - 5799 5 0 -0.27 0.6 -2.1 4.7 0.01 .03 0.10 .22 •POPULATIONS 1964 - 1967 48 0 1.16 3-5 6.8 24.7 0.13 .56 -0.36 1.04 1968 - 1973 61 0 1.02 5-3 6.3 38.6 0.14 1.08 -0.13 1.20 ALL VEHICLES 109 0 1.03 4.6 6.5 33.2 0.13 .88 -0.23 1.13 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER SIX MONTHS 1975 FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE ALL VEHICLES # OF VEH. ODOM. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN S.D. •VEHICLE MAKE AMER.MOTORS BUICK CADILLAC CHEVROLET CHRYSLER DATSUN DODGE FORD MERCURY OLDSMOBILE OPEL PLYMOUTH PONTIAC TOYOTA VOLKSWAGEN VOLVO 3 -4754 1 iftll 24 -4538 4 -2518 1 34 -4022 4 -2456 1 -4229 ? 4 -7308 5 -5202 0 0 -3243 -1378 -3741 -4022 -0.14 3.03 0.03 -MZ 1.9 5.2 0.0 8.2 15.5 0.0 2-3 4.8 3-3 8 0.62 -1.13 'Mil -5.62 17.7 0.82 0.0 0.87 0.8 -0.20 2.2 0.00 0.0 9.7 -7.2 15.5 1.0 19 .2 83.7 22.5 26.6 75.3 115.3 -3.0 .0.0 ¦17.6 -2.6 -17.8 4.3 14.9 1.4 -9.9 -6.1 2.9 0.0 67.4 35.4 22.1 27.5 0.0 19.1 21 .1 0.0 -0.63 -0.48 0.15 0.08 -0.56 0.40 0.70 0.16 0.19 0.04 0.01 0.80 .33 0.01 .98 .41 0.15 2.15 .40 0.45 .09 .97 -0.17 1.5? .97 -1 .01 2.04 0.00 0.93 0.00 1.71 0.34 1.59 1.12 -0.04 1.23 1.22 0.43 .54 -0.37 0.00 -0.48 0.00 1 .20 0.50 1.58 .58 0.32 1.09 .42 -1.69 1.87 1 .08 0.17 1.48 0.00 0.00 0.00 •MODEL YEAR 1964 1965 1966 \l% 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 7 15 13 7 12 I? 10 ¦2719 :33® -4682 -4324 -3950 -5053 0.69 4.8 12.2 1.75 6.0 -17.3 -5.55 12.8 -5.9 -2.96 11.0 3.1 0.52 1 .0 15.3 -4.62 11.5 -11.6 2.27 6.7 1.2 -2.05 6.2 4.7 2.19 10.0 17.2 -0.06 0.8 -2.8 31.6 38.4 31.0 m 60.7 31.1 24.1 80.6 17.9 ¦0.11 .79 0.35 .77 0.42 .97 0.36 .74 0.25 1.18 0.35 1.31 0.32 1.53 -0.21 1.07 0.06 1.25 -0.05 .60 -0.61 0.71 0.12 0.23 -0.02 -0.11 -0.42 -0.23 -0.57 0.00 2? *! 08 % >0 52 94 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 13 -5247 0.45 1.5 -0.8 151 - 250 14 -3647 0.38 1.6 1 .0 251 - 350 47 -2734 -1.97 10.2 2.3 MORE THAN 350 35 -3752 -0.07 8.9 -1 .2 17.3 19.2 §617 0.55 .74 -0.28 .79 0.22 1.06 0.19 1.12 -0.29 1.66 0.12 1.56 0.06 1.45 -0.14 1.31 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 17 2800 - 3799 49 3800 - 4799 38 4800 - 5799 5 -406c •3582 -2649 0.28 1.4 ¦0.51 3.7 -1.66 13.6 -0.09 1.1 ¦4.3 ¦0.2 5.0 -7.0 18.0 34.7 53.4 41.3 0.43 .70 0.13 1.17 0.15 1.03 0.26 .31 0.05 1.83 -0.10 1.36 -0.11 1.42 0.74 .62 •POPULATIONS 1964 - 1967 48 1968 - 1973 61 """ IICLE5 ALL VEHICLES 109 -3296 "4392 -3909 -1.66 9.8 -0.07 7.2 -0.77 8.4 -4.4 34. 4.6 44, 0.6 40, 0.30 .82 0.09 1.16 0.19 1-03 0.23 1.46 -0.25 1.39 -0 .04 1.43 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER TWELVE MONTHS 1975 FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE ALL VEHICLES # OF VEH. ODOM. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN S.D. •VEHICLE MAKE AMER.MOTORS 3 -8504 BUICK 3 -4528 CADILLAC 2 -8603 CHEVROLET 24 -9678 -6355 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 1 -6616 DODGE 6 -4604 FORD 32 -7953 MERCURY 4 -6954 OLDSMOBILE 4 -6285 OPEL 1 -7489 PLYMOUTH 9 PONTIAC 7 TOYOTA 4 -13375 VOLKSWAGEN 5 -11344 VOLVO 0 0 0.17 1.97 1.30 -1.95 5.51 1.82 -1.16 -0.65 -0.15 -6.12 1. 16 -8.36 31.0 0.70 10.5 -2.43 4.0 -0.15 1.6 0.00 0.0 0.9 8.6 0.4 8.8 11.4 0.0 2.5 5.0 3-0 9.7 0.0 13.4 24.4 25.1 23 .9 47.5 0.0 56.5 30.3 0.0 41 .7 68.0 54.6 16.4 0.0 •MODEL YEAR 1964 7 -5481 -2.94 7.9 12.7 1965 15 -7131 0.97 10.2 3.2 1966 13 -7094 -9.11 25.0 -13.5 m -6645 -0.68 4.1 -23 -G -8406 -4.32 8.5 7.7 1969 7 -9254 -4.52 7.1 -0.4 1970 12 -9886 1.99 7.2 7.7 1971 13 -909O 0.62 1.2 1972 11 -8923 2.02 6.9 1§'.8 1973 10 -11053 -0.09 0.9 4.5 31.4 20.5 40.2 56.9 29.0 69.5 35.0 18.2 36.1 14.1 -0.02 .94 0.20 1.04 0.50 0.52 0.71 -0.11 0.55 -0.28 -0.04 -0.29 1 .05 .99 1 .37 1.49 1.21 .55 -0.93 1.50 0.04 1.72 0.25 2.08 0.65 1.88 0.31 -0.34 -0.44 -0.84 1 .29 2.16 1.34 1.91 •1.25 1.8c -0.07 .5i •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 13 -10498 -0.30 2.8 151 - 250 14 -7203 -1.41 7.4 251 - 350 47 -6055 -3.44 14.9 MORE THAN 350 35 -8159 1.12 6.2 13.9 -W 7.1 34.0 14.4 43.O 36.6 -0.01 1.02 0.41 .71 0.36 1.09 -0.05 1.15 -1.81 2.31 -0.31 2.05 0.27 1.71 ¦0.28 .96 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 17 2800 - 3799 49 800 - 4799 38 800 - 5799 5 - 9120 88 5808 ¦1.74 6.8 ¦0.02 2.6 -3.09 17 .6 0.29 1.4 8.7 1:2 21.7 27.7 31.4 .8 0.11 .91 0.23 1.05 0.31 1.1r .87 -0 1.13 2.66 0.17 1.53 0.1J 1.47 .91 •POPULATIONS 1964 - 1967 48 1968 - 1973 61 ALL VEHICLES 109 -6749 -2.78 14.8 -9467 -0.21 6.1 -8270 -1.34 10.9 -7.1 40.8 0.34 1.01 7-2 33 -2 0.07 1.11 1.3 37.7 0.19 1.07 0.12 1.85 -0.50 1.62 -0.23 1.74 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE 1975 -FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE *VEHICLE MAKE AMER.MOTORS BUICK CADILLAC CHEVROLET CHRYSLER DATSUN DODGE FORD MERCURY OLDSMOBILE OPEL PLYMOUTH PONTIAC TOYOTA VOLKSWAGEN VOLVO ALL VEHICLES # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. ODOM. HC CO NOX MPG 2 24 4 1 6 35 4 1 4 5 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -2:88 0.00 5.76 58.30 0.24 -14.65 -HI 16.79 25-30 29.84 30.95 26.08 8.71 0.00 0.00 2.35 0.00 -0.06 42.94 -10.42 -0.62 23 .67 16.47 -2.68 15.07 12.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 -14.70 1.77 0.00 0.00 9.19 0.20 -43.99 -16.12 19.51 1.16 17.80 -3-67 10.54 -0.66 -12.33 4.66 0.28 -3-72 -0.47 -0.84 -2.65 -2.11 2.45 -0.64 7.50 -7.11 3.22 -5.56 0.00 0.00 *MODEL YEAR 1904 7 0.0 13.00 14.24 2.04 -4.73 1965 15 0.0 16.22 -2.20 8.63 0.57 1966 13 0.0 9.80 10.98 5.93 -6.63 1967 13 0.0 5.93 2.41 3.80 -1.08 1966 8 0.0 -4.88 6.26 18.50 2.95 1969 7 0.0 -18.17 -16.91 5.54 2.63 1970 12 0.0 32.92 7.62 6.76 -1.96 1971 13 0.0 16.45 12.60 1.61 -2.38 1972 11 0.0 36.96 22.93 -3.91 -3-21 1973 10 0.0 2.16 -0.02 0.86 -0.45 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 13 0.0 17.30 13.28 6.25 -5.02 151 - 250 14 0.0 3-36 -2.01 -0.21 1.39 251 - 350 47 0.0 11.87 4.59 12.41 -1.21 MORE THAN 350 35 0.0 18.21 8.61 -1.10 -1.82 •INERTIA WEIGHT 380 48C - 2799 17 0.0 15-35 8.44 5.68 -2.64 - 3799 - 4799 49 0.0 5.94 2.36 7.81 -0.56 38 0.0 21 .36 9.98 2.28 -2.71 - 5799 5 0.0 -4.17 -1.57 0.46 0.91 •POPULATIONS 1964 - 1967 48 0.0 11.35 5.07 5.76 -2.55 1968 - 1973 61 0.0 16.35 7.27 4.71 -0.87 ALL VEHICLES 109 0.0 13.53 6.06 5.11 -1.5& AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AFTER SIX MONTHS 1975 FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE ~VEHICLE MAKE AMER.MOTORS BUICK CADILLAC CHEVROLET CHRYSLER DATSUN DODGE FORD MERCURY OLDSMOBILE OPEL PLYMOUTH PONTIAC TOYOTA VOLKSWAGEN VOLVO ALL VEHICLES # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. ODOM. HC CO NOX MPG 3 3 2 24 4 1 6 3§ 4 1 9 7 4 5 0 -7.2 -ill -11.7 -3.6 :U -5.4 -62.0 -9.5 -6.2 -18.1 -10.5 0.0 -2.19 23-29 0.54 -17.19 56.59 14.19 -17.11 -17.72 -10.98 -74.21 17.13 -46.50 18.24 16.74 -3-15 0.00 11.59 -3.73 12.03 37°.?? -7.05 -17.49 -27.1(5 3.64 19.01 1.17 -7.76 -7.50 3.66 0.00 •18.33 ¦31.06 4.48 3.25 •39.47 5.15 8.42 13.50 15.92 7.78 10.52 1.62 0.26 32.18 17.43 0.00 0.08 1.41 4.02 --UI 4.20 2.35 -0.26 3.15 -3-26 -2.20 I 2.46 -9.18 0.81 0.00 •MODEL YEAR 1964 7 -4.1 7.61 8.76 -6.33 -4.28 1965 15 -4.3 15.45 -13.26 15.60 4.81 1966 13 -5.9 -60.80 -4.45 15.62 0.87 1967 13 -6.1 -27.92 2.24 16.53 1.69 1968 8 -6.6 7.99 15.75 7.24 -0.15 1969 7 -7.6 -77.11 -11.91 12.86 -0.71 1970 12 -12.4 31-32 1.51 9.56 -2.78 1971 13 -14.0 -35.75 5.89 -7.04 -1.49 1972 11 -23.3 29.35 17.78 2.24 -3.85 1973 10 -52.5 -1.36 -3-72 -2.29 0.01 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 13 -14.6 7.87 -1.03 23.02 -1.41 151 - 250 14 -8.3 6.00 1.30 -10.38 0.66 251 - 350 47 -7.0 -21.99 1.91 9-35 0.43 MORE THAN 350 35 -8.5 -0.87 -1.09 6.24 -1.22 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 17 -11.4 4.83 -5.86 17.46 0.26 280° - 3799 49 -9.2 -7.15 -0.24 4.94 -0.66 800 - 4799 38 -6.9 -16.30 3.74 5.28 -0.90 800 - 5799 5 -4.4 -1.44 -5.23 10.01 6.72 •POPULATIONS 1964- 1967 48 -5.1 -16.28 -3.25 13.31 1.61. 1968 - 1973 61 -13.3 -1.10 5.29 3.27 -1.67' ALL VEHICLES 109 -8.3 -9.65 0.59 7.11 -0.27 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AFTER TWELVE MONTHS 1975 FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE •VEHICLE MAKE AMER.MOTORS BUICK CADILLAC CHEVROLET CHRYSLER DATSUN DODGE FORD MERCURY OLDSMOBILE OPEL PLYMOUTH PONTIAC TOYOTA VOLKSWAGEN VOLVO ALL VEHICLES # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. ODOM. HC CO NOX MPG 3 -12.9 2.72 12.30 28.66 -4.88 3 -11.5 15.10 -2.38 -5.91 4.33 2 -13.1 22.42 30.50 -20.26 -9.80 24 -20.9 -26.27 0.29 2.77 -0.10 4 -11.8 38.23 28.41 -66.93 -12.03 1 -24.0 41.53 36.54 -0.25 -8.64 6 -12.1 -17.58 -17.43 11.36 1.69 32 -16.7 -8.61 -1.17 14.53 -1.46 4 -14.5 -2.36 -6.47 15.61 0.75 4 -13.9 -80.69 0.52 1.88 -2.46 1 -109.9 24.17 29.75 18.89 -3-68 9 -20.1 -89.49 5.16 12.72 2.38 7 -12.0 5.95 -29.60 13.54 7.38 4 -33.1 -46.58 41.16 -26.55 -13-29 5 -23.0 -2.34 1.40 2.46 -6.73 0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 •MODEL YEAR 1964 7 -8.3 -32.48 9-08 -0.94 -6.46 1965 15 -9.1 8.56 2.42 9.07 0.28 1966 13 -11.9 -99.81 -10.21 18.34 1.84 1967 13 -12.0 -6.43 -16.49 24.19 4.76 1968 8 -14.3 -66.73 7.95 20.91 2.05 1969 7 -16.2 -75.37 -0.43 -4.09 -2.26 1970 12 -26.1 27.44 9.45 16.59 -2.96 1971 13 -29.4 10.83 7.66 -9.31 -5-39 1972 11 -52.5 27.05 19.34 -1.45 -8.40 1973 10 -114.8 -2.08 6.00 -14.29 -0.50 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 13 -29-3 -5.27 18.02 -0.43 -8.83 151 - 250 14 -16.5 -22.03 1.44 15.19 -1.67 251 - 350 47 -15.0 -38.45 -5.30 14.97 1.96 MORE THAN 350 35 -18.5 13-82 6.23 -1.54 -2.33 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 17 -22.9 -29.61 11.89 4.34 -5.46 2800 - 3799 49 -19.6 -0.25 -4.46 9.01 -1.15 3800-4799 38 -14.7 -30-23 1.98 11.09 1.11 4800 - 5799 5 -9.7 4.46 16.18 -31.95 -3-97 •POPULATIONS 1964 - 1967 48 -10.4 -27.24 -5.24 14.78 0.87 1968 - 1973 61 -28.8 -3.40 Q.12 2.58 -3.35 ALL VEHICLES 109 -17.6 -16.83 1.22 7.24 -1.55 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- APPENDIX D HISTOGRAMS OF EMISSIONS GENERATED FROM TWELVE-MONTH DETERIORATION STUDY ------- ALL VEHICLES BEFORE INSPECTION RELATIVE FREQUENCY 10.0 20 .0 30 .0 4 0 . 0 0.0000 -*** * k 3.0000 _**#****! it 6.0000 -** « 9 .0000 _********** » * 12.0000 _*********** * * 15.0000 _******* * * 18.0000 -*** H * C 21 .0000 -* » G 24.0000 -** R ** A 27.0000 -** M ** S 30.0000 -** / * M 33.0000 -** I ** L 36.0000 -** E *# 39.0000 -** » 42.0000 -* * 45.0000 -* * 43.0000 -* * 51 .0000 -* * 54.0000 -* * 57.0000 -* * 60.0000 -* * r • * * >»***•*»«*»»*** 50 . 0 ------- ALL VEHICLES AFTER INSPECTIOiN RELATIVE FREQUENCY 10.0 20 . 0 30 . 0 40 .0 50 . 0 H C G R A M S / M I L E 0 3 6 9 12 15 1b 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 . 0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 .0000 ** * * * ************************************************* * * ft************************************************ * * it ********** * * ********* ------- ALL VEHICLES AFTEfi SIX MONTHS RELATIVE FREQUENCY 10.0 20.0 30.0 ^0.0 50.0 • • • . 0 .0000 _* # * * * * 3 . 0000 _**ft»ft***«***4**ft«**: * 6.0000 * » 9.0000 _***»»*»»»»**»»»»»* * * 12.0000 _*#»*«*****«#***** * * 15.0000 _ft*)t»tt»ftft* * * H 18.0000 _»**»* C * 21.0000 _* G * R 24.0000 _ * A * M 27 .0000 _ * * S * * / 30 .0000 _* » M * I 33•0000 _ » L * E 36 .0000 * » 39 .0000 _ it * * ft 42 .0000 _* * ft * 45 .0000 _* * ft 4d .0000 _ * * 5 1 .0000 _* # * * 54.0000 _* * * 57.0000 _ ft ft 60.0000 -ft ft»ftft**»***»*ftit*#ft*#*ft**»wiiftftftft ------- ALL VEHICLES AFTER 12 MONTHS RELATIVE FREQUENCY 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 0.0000 _***» * * 3-0000 .xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx * X 6.0000 .xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx X X 9.0000 .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X 12.0000 _xxxxxxxxx*xxxx X X 15.0000 _xxxxxxxx X X 18.0000 .xxxx XX 21.0000 _xx x 24.0000 -XX H XX C 27.0000 _xx XX G 30.0000 _xx R X A 33-0000 _xxx M X X S 36.0000 _x*x / X M 39.0000 _* I X L 42.0000 .XX E XX 45.0000 _xx x 48.0000 _* X 51 .0000 _* x 54 .0000 X 57.0000 _x 60.0000 _* THERE WERE 1 OBSERVATIONS GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 60 ------- ALL VEHICLES BEFORE INSPECTION RELATIVE FREQUENCY 5.0 10.0 15.0 20 .0 25.0 0 .0000 15 .0000 30.0000 45 .0000, 60 .0000 75 .0000 90 .0000 105 .0000 120 .0000 135 .0000 150.0000 165 .0000 180 .0000 195 .0000 210 .0000 225 .0000 240.0000 255 .0000 270 .0000 285 .0000 300.0000 THERE WERE 1 C 0 G R A M S / M 1 L E .» « .» # » » ft ,«•«»»« « .***»»* « .* « * ft * * ft .*«***» * .* « * » ft » ft ft .ft * ft « ft * ft .«*»«»« « _****»**» » * _ » • ft » » « » » * _* • * * « _* * * * _* » _* * _ « * _ * ft ft ft * » » « » *ft»ftft»ft*»ft***ft««ftft *ft*ft»»**»»*ftft»»«»*«ftft ft ftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftftft* * ftft««»ft»»»»ft» « * • ft » ft * » » «»ft*»»*ft*ft « * ft » * • * » OBSERVATIONS GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 300 ------- 0.0000 15.0000 30.0000 45.0000 60.0000 75.0000 C 90.0000 0 105.0000 G R 120.0000 A M 135.0000 S / 150.0000 M 1 165.0000 L E 180.0000 195.0000 210.0000 225.0000 240 .0000 255 .0000 270 .0000 285 .0000 300 .0000 ALL VEHICLES AFTER INSPECTION RELATIVE FREQUENCY 5.0 10.0 15.0 20 .0 25 .0 .* * .**«***«• * * .**************** * * ------- ALL VEHICLES AFTER SIX MONTHS RELATIVE. FREQUENCY 5.0 10.0 15.0 20 .0 25 .0 0 . 0000 15 .0000 30 . 0000 45 .0000 60 .0000 75 .0000 90.0000 c 0 105.0000 G 120.0000 R A 135.0000 M S 150.0000 / M 165.0000 1 L 180 ,0000 E 195 .0000 210 .0000 225 .0000 240.0000 255 .0000 270 .0000 285 .0000 300 .0000 THERE WERE 1 _* * _****»*» * * _***»**»«*»** * x _****************** * * .a**************************************** » * _****#****#*#*************»*#******#****** * * .it************************ * * _»»*»•»»»»»»»»»»»»»»»**«»» * * « * * » _*«***»»******» * * _»»»»*»»»»»*«»» * * _**»***»*****•» * t _»•****** * • * ,• _»»***•» * > _*»***«* * _*** * » _* * « * _* * _* *•••••••• OBSERVATIONS GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 300 ------- ALL VEHICLES AFTER TWELVE MONTH RELATIVE FREQUENCY 5.0 10.0 15.0 20 . 0 25 . 0 0 .0000 15 .0000 30 .0000 45 .0000 60 .0000 75 .0000 90 .0000 105 .0000 c 0 120.0000 G 135.0000 R A 150.0000 M S 165.0000 / M 180.0000 1 L 195.0000 E 210 .0000 225 .0000 240 .0000 255 .0000 270 .0000 285 .0000 300.0000 THERE WERE 1 _* * _*****•****** * * _«*»»****»****•** * * * * _»**••*»•»»***««•**•*•»»******•** * * _»*»**»»*»»»*»»*****»*»«*»«»*»»*» * « .it*********************************** * * _********•*****»*******»*»********»** * * _******************* * * _»***«•**•*«* « . * _************ * » _»****•«»*»»* * * _****»**» * x _**»** * * _*»*** i * _**»••***•* * * _****»»**»* * * _*** « _ * * _* * _* «*•••••• OBSERVATIONS GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 300 ------- ALL VEHICLES BEFORE INSPECTION RELATIVE FREQUENCY 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 N 0 X G R A M S / M 1 L E 0.0000 0.5000 1 .0000 1 .5000 2.0000 2.5000 3-0000 3-5000 4.0000 4.5000 5 .0000 5 .5000 6.0000 6.5000 7.0000 7.5000 8.0000 8 .5000 9.0000 9-5000 10.0000 .* * .xxxxxxxxxxxxxx * * .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX * * .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX * s .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX* * X .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX * X .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X .xxxxxxx X X .xxxxxxx* X X .xxxxxxxx X X .xxxxx X X .xxxxx X X .XXX X .x X _x X -X X .XXX X X .XXX X -X ------- ALL VEHICLES AFTER INSPECTION RELATIVE FREQUENCY 5-0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 N 0 X G R A M S / M 1 L E 0.0000 0.5000 1.0000 1.5000 2.0000 2.5000 3-0000 3-5000 4.0000 4.5000 5.0000 5.5000 6.0000 6.5000 7.0000 7.5000 8.0000 8.5000 9.0000 9 .5000 10.0000 .* * .xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx * x .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X .xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx X X .xxxxxxxxxx X X .xxxxxxxxxx X X .xxxxx X .* X .xxxxx X X .xxxxx X .X X .* X .X X .XXX X X .XXX X .* ------- ALL VEHICLES AFTER SIX MONTHS RELATIVE FREQUENCY 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 N 0 X G R A M S / M 1 L £ 0.0000 0 .5000 1.0000 1.5000 2.0000 2.5000 3-0000 3-5000 4.0000 4.5000 5.0000 5 .5000 6 .0000 6 .5000 7.0000 7 .5000 8 .0000 8 .5000 9 .0000 9 .5000 10.0000 .XX * * X .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX * * .xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx * * .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX * x .xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx X X .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X .xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx X X .xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx X X .XXXXXXXXXXKX X X .xxxxxxxxxxxx X X .XXX** X X .xxxxx X X .xxxxx X X .xxxxx X X .xxxxx X -X X .x X .x X -X X _x X _* ------- ALL VEHICLES AFTER 12 MONTHS RELATIVE FREQUENCY 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 N 0 X G R A M S / M 1 L E 0.0000 0.5000 1.0000 1.5000 2.0000 2.5000 3.0000 3-5000 4.0000 4.5000 5.0000 5.5000 6.0000 6.5000 7.0000 7.5000 8.0000 8.5000 9.0000 9.5000 10.0000 .**» * » .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X X .XXXX*X*XXXXXX*XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX**XXXXXX X X .XXXX*»#*XXXXX**XXXX*X**X**XX*XXXXXXX*X X X .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXftXXXXXXXX X X .XXXXXXXXX*X**XXXXX*****#X X X .XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX* X X .xxxxxxxx X X .xxxxxxx X X .xxxxxxx X X .xxxxxxx X X .XXX X .* X .* X .X X .* X .* X .* X .X ------- APPENDIX E PROJECTIONS OF VEHICLE POPULATION AND VMT IN DENVER AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION TO 1985 ------- MODEL YEAR NUMDER OF VEHICLES III SERVICE ON JULY 1 OF INDICATED YEAR 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1957 761.60 373.18 167.93 70.53 27.51 9.90 1953 2076.90 1100.76 539.37 212.72 101.91 39.76 1959 5139.10 2929.16 1552.61 760.78 312.35 113-79 i960 10111.70 6371.27 3631.62 1921.76 913.13 121.11 1961 11253-10 9107.21 5738.11 3270.89 1733-57 819.15 1962 8111.00 5973-91 3912.80 2105. 11 1370.91 726.58 1963 26619. 70 20253-77 11330.17 9190.91 5789.15 3299.99 1961 11508.10 36051.55 27399. 18 19153.12 12839.25 7831-91 1965 51761.00 17612.01 38590.05 29328.11 20823.19 13713.30 1966 61012.10 56158.72 18858.07 39575.01 30077.03 21351.69 1967 61982.90 59503.51 51713.23 17626.60 38577.51 29318.93 1968 71631-11 70201.75 67393.62 62002.15 53911.87 13692.91 1969 70538.25 70538.25 69127.11 66362.31 61053.31 53116.39 1970 66938.87 67608.25 67608.25 66256.06 63605.80 58517.33 1971 86513.69 88211.00 89i26.il 69i26.il 87313.87 83850.06 1972 83185.11 85990.00 87709.81 88586.87 88586.87 86815.12 1973 81963.19 88361.69 91012.50 92332.75 93761.06 93761.06 1971 36093.10 68577.37 71320.50 73160.06 71929.25 75678.56 1975 0.00 38511.90 73172.56 76099.11 78382.37 79950.00 1976 0.00 0.00 11091.10 78073.56 81196.50 83632.37 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 13811.50 83301.50 86636.62 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16782.10 88886.50 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19917.00 1980 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1981 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1932 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1933 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1931 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1935 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 790200 823798 857105 890793 925513 962196 1900 1931 1932 1933 1981 1935 3.37 11.31 56.08 178.25 382.25 356.03 1718.99 1161.20 8383.11 11091.09 208J6.11 33206.61 13021.27 50910.01 77112.06 83312-56 91885.81 75678.56 80719.50 85305.00 89235.69 92111.91 91812.25 53261.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1001523 1 .08 1.87 20.19 69.52 160.55 160.21 857.01 2366.03 1778.51 8597 .39 13738.85 23576.69 32698 .15 11237.12 67113-56 76675.12 88210.37 71165.00 80719.50 86103.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1011236 0.32 1 .56 6.86 25.03 62.61 67-29 335.65 1159.35 2532.63 1900-51 8330.69 15560.61 23215.89 31310.21 51362.00 66707.31 81153-50 71193.37 7913^.50 86153.06 60637-50 0.00 0.00 0.00 1090857 0.09 0.17 2.20 8.51 22.51 26.21 161.97 521.71 1210.99 2597.27 1776.99 9191 -97 15322 .19 22251.55 11315.12 51032.95 70603-56 65502.50 75969.06 84131.87 1112510 0.02 0.13 0.66 2.72 7.66 9.15 63. 17 219.12 558.11 1272.66 2531.81 5110.12 9316.72 11686.02 29333-73 11065.01 57138.86 56987. 17 69391 .56 81057.50 1200198 0.01 0.03 0. 18 0.82 2.15 3.21 22. 71 85.1fa 231.55 572.70 1210.59 2367-53 5327-62 8958.17 19360.26 29156. 18 13163-53 16 159.57 60305.67 71572.87 123111. 10 127817.70 131167.20 73660.91 1265857 91020.11 91930.69 91930.69 90092.00 86188.31 95215.12 97119.11 98090.69 93090.69 96123.61 93635.87 101591.90 103626.80 IOI663.IO IOI663.IO 101196.90 105211.80 108102.10 110570.20 111675.90 56830.20 107977-30 112296.10 115665.20 117973.60 115211.20 61700.30 0.00 0.00 119819.60 122930.50 69035-37 ------- MODEL YEAR VMT RATE IN MILLIONS OF MILES ON 1971 1975 1976 1977 1957 3-50 1.72 0.77 0.32 1958 9-55 5.06 2.18 1 . 12 1959 23-61 13.18 7.11 3-50 1960 18.05 29.31 16.71 8.85 1961 66.99 13.27 26.10 15.05 1962 11.23 28.08 18. 11 11 .06 1963 138.58 99-21 67.59 13.66 1961 219.25 187.17 131.26 91 .13 1965 331.01 266.80 200.67 113-71 1966 108.98 312.57 273-60 205.79 1967 158.67 398.67 333-93 266.71 1968 587.10 519.19 151.51 378.21 1969 611.90 578.11 511.51 111.63 1970 669.39 615.21 551.39 190.29 1971 951.65 882.11 811.05 730.81 1972 1010.17 915.89 877 . 10 806.11 1973 1130.01 1069. 18 1001 . 11 923.33 1971 526.96 912.08 862.98 808.06 1975 0.00 562.27 - 97 3-20 920.80 1976 0.00 0.00 599.93 1038.38 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 610.13 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1930 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1931 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1932 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1983 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1981 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1935 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 7299 7500 7721 7977 1 OF INDICATED YEAR 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 0. 13 0.17 1.57 1.31 7-97 6.31 26.63 59-06 97-87 117.38 200.60 302.07 372.13 126. 16 616.31 726.11 853-23 719.29 862.21 982.18 1107.95 683.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8263 0.05 0. 18 0.66 1.95 3-91 3.31 15.18 36.03 63 22 100.37 113-66 227.20 297.15 356.96 561.80 612.13 768.81 688.68 799.50 919-96 1018.30 1182.19 728.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8590 0.02 0.07 0.26 0.82 1 .76 1.61 8.05 20.51 38.56 61.83 97.81 162.71 223.73 285 . 10 170.57 558.10 679.96 620.56 731.82 853.05 981.59 1118.55 1261.10 777.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8962 0.00 0.02 0.09 0. 32 0.71 0.71 3.91 10.88 21 .98 39.55 63.20 110.81 160.22 211.13 375.81 167.72 591.01 518.82 662. 15 781.01 910.20 1017.3/ 1193-19 1315.92 829.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9383 0.00 0.01 0.03 0. 12 0.29 0.31 1 .77 5.33 11 .65 22.51 38.55 71.58 109. 11 153-57 282.68 373.56 195.01 177.03 585.60 706.50 836.57 971 . 19 1117-51 1273.16 1136. 10 835-31 0.00 0.00 0.00 9855 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0. 10 0. 12 0.75 2.10 5.71 11 .95 21 .97 13-66 70.18 101.58 202.11 280.97 395.33 399.57 508.99 621.82 753.83 892.63 1036.27 1192.12 1358.79 1532.31 911.62 0.00 0.00 10381 1931 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0 .01 0.01 0.29 1.01 2.57 5.85 11 .65 21.89 12.99 67 .56 137.87 201.22 297.33 319.13 126.31 513.09 666.68 801.31 952.13 1105.70 1272.32 1119.82 1631-93 1007.92 0.00 10976 1985 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0. 10 0.39 1 .03 2.63 5.71 13.19 21 .51 11.21 39.06 137.03 212.97 210 .03 310.51 151.89 579 -17 711.35 853.21 1016.25 1179 .79 1357.56 1516.96 1711.52 1075.15 ------- APPENDIX F PROJECTIONS OF AVERAGE VEHICULAR EMISSIONS FOR DENVER AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION TO 1985; ASSUMING VARIOUS CONTROL STRATEGIES ------- lie EMISSIONS IN GRAMS/MILE WITH NO CONTROL STRATEGY MODEL YEAR 197" 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1932 1983 1984 1985 1957 10.73 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 195a 11.63 11.77 11.91 11.91 11.91 1959 17.33 17.53 17.67 17.81 17.81 i960 18.42 18.58 18.73 18.37 19.01 1961 11.80 11.96 12. 12 12.27 12.41 1962 9.80 9.98 10. 14 10.30 10.45 1963 11.64 11 .82 12.00 12. 16 12. 32 1964 9-62 9.82 10.00 10. 18 10.34 1965 10.32 10.53 10.73 10.91 11.09 1966 11 .52 11.75 11.96 12. 16 12.34 1967 10.39 10.64 10.87 11 .08 11.28 1968 7-31 7.58 7.83 8.06 8.27 1969 7.08 7-38 7 .65 7.90 8. 13 1970 6.56 6.90 7-20 7.47 7-72 1971 6. 05 6.45 6.79 7.09 7.36 1972 5.66 6.17 6.57 6.91 7.21 1973 4.64 5.27 5.76 6. 16 6.50 1974 4.00 4.93 5.56 6.05 6.45 1975 0.00 2.49 3.42 4.05 4.54 1976 0.00 0.00 2.49 3.42 4.05 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.71 2.64 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.71 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1990 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1981 0 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1982 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1953 0.00 0.00 Q.00 0.00 0.00 1984 0 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1935 0 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 87 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 81 17.81 17.81 17.31 17.81 17-81 17.81 01 19.01 19.01 19.01 19.01 19.01 19.01 55 12.55 12.55 12.55 12.55 12.55 12-55 59 10.73 10.73 10.73 10.73 10.73 10.73 47 12.61 12.75 12.75 12.75 12.75 12-75 50 10.65 10.79 10.93 10.93 10.93 10.93 25 11 .41 11 .56 11 .70 11.84 1 1 .84 11 .84 52 12.68 12.84 12.99 13.13 13-27 13-27 46 11.64 11.80 11 .96 12. 11 12.25 12.39 4 7 8.65 8.83 8.99 9. 15 9-30 9.44 34 8.54 8.72 8.90 9.06 9.22 9-37 95 8.16 8.36 8.54 8.72 8.88 9 .04 61 7.84 8.05 8.25 8.43 8.61 B .77 46 7.73 7.96 8. 17 8.37 8.55 3.73 80 7.07 7.32 7.55 7-76 7 .96 8.14 79 7.09 7.36 7.61 7.64 8.05 3.25 94 5-23 5.58 5.85 6.10 6.33 6.54 54 4.94 5.23 5.58 5.85 6 .10 6.33 27 3.76 4. 16 4.50 4 .80 5.07 5-32 64 3-27 3-76 4. 16 4.50 4 .80 5.07 71 2.64 3.27 3-76 4. 16 4.50 4 .80 00 1.71 2.64 3.27 3-76 4. 16 4 .50 00 0.00 1.71 2.64 3-27 3.76 4.16 00 0.00 0.00 0.62 1 .55 2.18 2.67 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.62 1.55 2.18 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.62 1 .55 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.62 10 11 17 19 12 10 12 10 11 12 11 8 8 7 7 7 6 6 4 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 ------- MODEL YEAR HC EMISSIONS IN GRAMS/MILE WITH ANNUAL 1/11 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1957 10.73 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 1958 11 .63 11.77 11.91 11.91 11.91 1959 17.33 17.53 17.67 17.81 17.81 I960 18.12 18.58 18.73 18.87 19.01 196 1 11 .80 11.96 12. 12 12.27 12.11 1962 9.80 9.98 10. 11 10.30 10.15 1963 11.61 11 .82 12.00 12. 16 12.32 1961 9.62 9.82 10.00 10.18 10.31 1965 10.32 10.53 10.73 10.91 11.09 1966 11 .52 11.75 11 .96 12.16 12.31 1967 10.39 10.61 10.87 11 .08 11.28 1968 7.31 7.58 7.83 8.06 7.92 1969 7 .08 7.38 7.65 7.90 7.81 1970 6.56 6.90 7 .20 7.17 7. 13 1971 6.05 6.15 6.79 7.09 6.83 1972 5.68 6.17 6.57 6.91 6.70 1973 1.61 5.27 5.76 6.16 6. 10 1971 1.00 1.93 5.56 6.05 6.06 1975 0.00 2.19 3.12 1.05 1.18 1976 0.00 0.00 2.19 3.12 3.77 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.71 2.16 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.68 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 1980 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 1931 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 1982 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 1983 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 1981 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 1985 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 1979 1930 1981 1932 1933 1931 1935 10.87 11.91 17.81 19.01 12.55 10.59 12.17 10.50 11 .25 12.52 11 .16 B .09 7.98 7.32 7.01 6.93 6.35 6.35 1.52 1. 18 2.99 2.16 1.68 0 .21 0.21 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 10.87 11.91 17.81 19.01 12.55 10.73 12.61 10.65 11.11 12.68 11.61 8.21 8.15 7.50 7.23 7. 11 6.58 6.60 1.80 1.02 3.10 2.99 2.16 1.68 0.21 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 10.87 11.91 17.81 19.01 12.55 10.73 12.75 10.79 11.56 12.81 11.80 8.10 8.30 7.67 7.11 7.33 6.79 6.83 5.06 1.80 3-71 3.10 2.99 2.16 1.68 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 10.87 11.91 17.81 19.01 12.55 10.73 12.75 10.93 11 .70 12.99 11 .96 8.53 8.15 7.8 2 7.57 7.51 6.99 7.01 5.28 5.06 1.02 3.71 3.10 2.99 2.16 0.59 0.07 0.07 0.07 10.87 11.91 17.81 19.01 12-55 10.73 12.75 10.93 11 .81 13-13 12.11 8.67 8.59 7.97 7.73 7 .68 7-16 7.23 5.19 0.23 1.28 1 .02 3-71 3.10 2.99 1-37 0.59 0.07 0.07 10.87 11.91 17.81 19.01 12.55 10.73 12.75 10.93 1 1 .81 13-27 12.25 8.79 8.72 8. 10 7.88 7.83 7-33 7.11 5.69 5.19 1 .50 1.28 1 .02 3-71 3.10 1 .90 1-37 0.59 0.07 10.87 11.91 W.61 19.01 12.55 10.73 12.75 10.93 11 .81 13.27 12.39 8.91 8.85 8.21 8.01 7.98 7.18 7.57 5.86 5.69 1.71 1.50 1.23 1.02 3-71 2.31 1 .90 1 .37 ------- HC EMISSIONS IN GRAMS/MILE WITH SEMI-ANNUAL I/M MODEL YEAR 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1932 1933 1981 1985 1957 10.T3 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.37 10.87 10.87 1958 11.63 11.77 11.91 11-91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 1959 17.38 17.53 17.67 17-81 17.81 17.01 17.81 17.81 17.81 17.81 17.81 17.61 1960 18. U2 18.58 18.73 18.87 19-01 19.01 19.01 19.01 19-01 19.01 19.01 19.01 1961 11.80 11.96 12. 12 12.27 12.11 12.55 12.55 12.55 12.55 12.55 12.55 12.55 1962 9.80 9.98 10. It 10.30 10.15 10.59 10.73 10.73 10.73 10.73 10.73 10.73 1963 11.61 11 .82 12.00 12. 16 12.32 12.17 12.61 12.75 12.75 12.75 12.75 12.75 1961 9.62 9.82 10.00 10. 10 10.31 10.50 10.65 10.79 10.93 10.93 10.93 10. 93 1965 10.32 10.53 10.73 10.91 11.09 11.25 11.11 11.56 11.70 11.81 11.81 11 .61 1966 11.52 11.75 11 .96 12. 16 12.31 12.52 12.6S 12.81 12.99 13.13 13-27 13-27 1967 10.39 10.61 10.87 11.08 11 .28 11.16 11 .61 11 .80 11 .96 12.11 12.25 12.39 1968 7.31 7.58 7 .83 8.06 7.58 7 .72 7.81 7.96 8.07 8. 18 8.23 a. 33 1969 7.08 7.3a 7 .65 7-90 7.48 7-63 7-76 7.89 8.01 8. 12 3.23 8.33 1970 6.56 6.90 7.20 7.17 6.51 6.69 6.81 6.97 7.10 7-22 7.33 7.11 1971 6.05 6 .15 6.79 7 .09 6.29 6.16 6.62 6.76 6.90 7.02 7. 11 7.25 1972 5.68 6.IT 6.57 6.91 6. 19 6.37 6.51 6.70 6.81 6.93 7. 10 7.23 1973 4 .61 5.27 5.76 6.16 5.70 5.91 6. 09 6.26 6.12 6.56 6.70 6.82 1974 1.00 1.93 5-56 6.05 5.67 5.90 6.11 6.29 6.16 6.62 6.76 6 .90 1975 0.00 2.19 3-12 1.05 3.82 1.09 1.33 1.53 1.71 • 1.89 5.01 5- 19 1976 0.00 0.00 2.4 9 3 .12 3.19 3.82 1.09 1.33 1.53 1.71 1.89 5.01 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.71 2.28 2.71 3-01 3.31 3-55 3-75 3-93 1.11 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.61 2.28 2.71 3.01 3-31 3.55 3-75 3-93 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 1.61 2.28 2-71 3.01 3-31 3-55 3-75 19 80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.18 1 .61 2.28 2.71 3-01 3-31 3-55 19S 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.18 0.18 1.61 2.28 2.71 3.01 3-3) 1982 0.00 0.00 O.OO 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.55 1.19 1 .62 1-95 1983 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 13 0.13 0. 13 0.13 0.13 0.55 1.19 1 .62 1931 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.55 1.19 1985 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 ------- HC EMISSIONS IN CRAMS/MILE WITH ANNUAL I/M MODEL YEAR 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1957 10.73 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 1958 11.63 11 .77 11.91 11.91 11.91 1959 17-33 17.53 17.67 17.81 17.81 1960 18. 12 18.58 18.73 18.87 19-01 1961 11 .80 11.96 12.12 12.27 12.11 1962 9.80 9.98 10.11 10.30 10.15 1963 11 .61 11.82 12.00 12. 16 12. 32 1964 9.62 9.82 10.00 10.18 10.31 1965 10.32 10.53 10.73 10.91 11 .09 1966 11 .52 11.75 11 .96 12.16 12.31 1967 10.39 10.61 10.87 11 .08 11 .28 19o8 7.31 7-58 7.83 8.06 6.71 1969 7-03 7.38 7 .65 7.90 6.61 1970 6.56 6.90 7.20 7.17 6.01 1971 6.05 6.15 6.79 7.09 5.78 1972 5.68 6.17 6.57 6.91 5.67 1973 1.61 5.27 5.76 6.16 5.17 1971 1.00 1.93 5.56 6 .05 5.13 1975 0 .00 2.19 3.12 1.05 1.18 1976 0.00 0.00 2.19 3-12 3.77 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.71 2.16 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.68 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 1930 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 1931 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 1932 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 1933 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 1931 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 1935 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 HETIIOFIT 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1981 1985 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 17.81 17.81 17.81 17.81 17.81 17 .81 17.81 19.01 19-01 19.01 19.01 1901 19.01 19.01 12.55 12.55 12.55 12.55 12.55 12.55 12.55 10.59 10.73 10.73 10.73 10.73 10.73 10.73 12.17 12.61 12.75 12.75 12.75 12.75 12.75 10.50 10.65 10.79 10.93 10.93 10.93 10.93 11 .25 11.11 11.56 11.70 11 .81 11 .81 11.31 12.52 12.68 12.81 12.99 13.13 13.27 13.27 11 .16 11.61 11 .80 11 .96 12. 11 12.25 12.39 6.85 6.93 7.11 7.23 7.31 7.15 7.55 6.76 6.90 7.03 7. 16 7 .28 7 -39 7.50 6.20 6.35 6.19 6.62 6.75 6 .86 6.93 5-96 6. 12 6.27 6.12 6.51 6.67 6.79 5.87 6.01 6.21 6.36 6.50 6.63 6.7b 5.38 5.57 5.75 5.92 6.07 6.21 6. 31 5.38 5.59 5.78 5.96 6. 12 6.27 6.12 1.52 1.80 5 .06 5.23 5.19 5.69 5.86 1. 18 1.52 1.80 5.06 5.23 5.19 5.69 2.99 3.10 3-71 1.02 1.28 1.50 1.71 2.16 2.99 3-10 3.71 1.02 1.28 1.50 1.68 2.16 2.99 3.10 3.71 1.02 1.28 0.21 1.68 2.16 2.99 3.10 3-71 1.02 0.21 0.21 1.68 2.16 2.99 3.10 3-71 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.59 1 .37 1 .90 2.31 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.59 1 .37 1 .90 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.59 1.37 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 ------- tie EMISSIONS III GRAMS/MILE WITH SEMI- ANNUAL I/M 4 RETROFIT MODEL YEAR 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1930 193 1 1982 1933 1934 1935 1957 10.73 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.8? 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 10.87 1953 11 .63 11.77 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 11.91 1959 17.38 17.53 17.67 17.81 17.81 17-81 17.81 17.81 17.81 17-01 17.81 17.81 I960 18.12 18.56 18.73 18.87 19-01 19.01 19.01 19.01 19.01 19.01 19.01 19-01 196 1 1 1 .80 11.96 12. 12 12.27 12.41 12.55 12-55 12.55 12.55 12.55 12.55 12.55 1962 9.80 9-98 10. 14 10.30 10.45 10.59 10.73 10.73 10.73 10.73 10.73 10.73 1963 11.64 11.82 12.00 12. 16 12.32 12.47 12.61 12.75 12.75 12.75 12.75 12.75 1964 9-62 9-82 10.00 10. 18 10.34 10.50 10.65 10.79 10.93 10.93 10.93 10.93 1965 10.32 10.53 10.73 10.91 11.09 11.25 11.41- 11.56 11.70 11 .84 11 .84 11 .84 1966 11 .52 11.75 11.96 12. 16 12.31 12.52 12.68 12.84 12.99 13.13 13-27 13-27 1967 10.39 10.61 10.87 11.08 11.28 11.46 11 .64 11 .80 11.96 12.11 12.25 12.39 1968 7.31 7.58 7.83 8.06 6.12 6.54 6.64 6.74 6.84 6.93 7.02 7.10 1969 7 .08 7.38 7.65 7.90 6.31 6.46 6.58 6.68 6.78 6.88 6.97 7-06 1970 6.56 6.90 7.20 7.47 5.51 5-67 5-79 5.91 6.01 6.11 6.21 6. 30 ¦1971 6.05 6.15 6.79 7-09 5.33 5.17 5.61 5.73 5.84 5.95 6.05 6.14 1972 5.68 6. 17 6.57 6.91 5.21 5.40 5.54 5.68 5.80 5.91 6.02 6. 12 1973 "4.61) 5-27 5,76 6. 16 4.83 5.01 5. 16 5.31 5.41 5-56 5.68 5.78 197« 4 .00 1.93 5.56 6.05 4 .80 5.00 5. 17 5.33 5.47 5.61 5.73 5.84 1975 0 .00 2.49 3.42 4 .05 3-82 4.09 4.33 4 .53 4.71 4 .89 5.04 5.19 1976 0.00 0.00 2.49 3.42 3-19 3.82 4.09 4.33 4.53 4.71 4.89 5.04 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.71 2.28 2.71 3.04 3.31 3-55 3-75 3-93 4.11 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.64 2.28 2.71 3.04 3-31 3-55 3-75 3-93 1979 0.00 o.oa 0.00 0.00 0.48 1 .64 2.28 2.71 3.04 3-31 3.55 3.75 1930 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.48 0.48 1 .64 2.28 2.71 3.04 3-31 3-55 1931 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.48 0.48 0.48 1.64 2.28 2.71 3.04 3-31 1932 0.00 o.oa 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.55 1 . 19 1 .62 1 .95 1933 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0. 13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.55 1.19 1 .62 1934 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0. 13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.55 1. 19 1985 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 ------- CO EMISSIONS IN CRAMS/MILE WITH NO CONTROL STRATEGY MODEL YEAR 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1933 1984 1985 1957 123.90 123.90 123.90 123.90 123.90 1958 112.40 112.40 112.40 112.40 112.40 1959 133. 10 133-10 133.10 133.10 133-10 1960 116.80 116.00 116.80 116.80 116.80 1961 154.80 154.90 154.90 154.90 154 .90 1962 124.90 125.00 125.10 125.10 125.10 1963 117.70 117.80 117.90 118.00 118.00 1964 138.20 138.30 138.40 133.50 133.60 1965 136.90 137.00 137.10 137.20 137.30 1966 134.90 135.10 135.20 135.30 135.40 1967 141.60 141.90 142. 10 142.20 142.30 1968 107.90 109.20 109.50 109.70 109-80 1969 98 .20 100.30 101.60 101.90 102.10 1970 95-30 98.40 100.50 101.80 102.10 1971 89.20 93.10 96.20 93.30 99.60 1972 92.40 97 .21 101 . 10 104.20 106.30 1973 85.20 90.70 95.50 99.40 102.50 1974 74.50 80.90 86.40 91 .20 95. 10 1975 0 .00 27.60 34 .00 39.50 44 .30 1976 0.00 0.00 27-60 34 .00 39.50 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.40 22.80 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.40 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 19S0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1931 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1982 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1983 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1984 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1985 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 90 123.90 123.90 123-90 123-90 123-90 123-90 40 112.40 112.40 112.40 112.40 112.40 112.40 10 133.10 133. 10 133- 10 133. 10 133.10 133-10 80 116.80 116.80 116.80 116.80 !16.80 116.80 90 154.90 154.90 154.90 154.90 154 .90 154.90 10 125.10 125. 10 125. 10 125. 10 125.10 125. 10 00 118.00 118.00 118.00 118.00 118.00 1 18.00 60 138.60 138.60 133.60 138.60 138.60 133.60 40 137.40 137.40 137.40 137.40 137.40 137.40 50 135.60 135.60 135.60 135.60 135.60 135.60 40 142.50 142.60 142.60 142.60 142.60 142.60 90 110.00 110. 10 110.20 110.20 110.20 110.20 20 102.30 102.40 102.50 102.60 102.60 102.60 30 102.40 102.50 102.60 102.70 102.80 102.80 90 100. 10 100.20 100.30 100.40 100.50 100 .60 60 107.90 108. 10 108.20 108.30 108.40 108.50 60 105.90 106.20 106.40 106.50 106.60 106 .70 20 100.30 101.60 101 .90 102.10 102.20 102.30 20 51 .30 53.40 54 .70 55.00 55.20 55.30 30 48.20 51 .30 53.40 54.70 55.00 55.20 30 33. 10 37.00 40. 10 42.20 43.50 43.80 80 28.30 33.10 37.00 40. 10 42.20 43.50 40 22.80 28. 30 33- 10 37.00 40. 10 42.20 00 16.40 22.80 28.30 33. 10 37.00 40. 10 00 0.00 16.40 22.80 28.30 33- 10 37.00 00 0.00 0.00 4 .80 11 .20 16.70 21 .50 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 .80 11 .20 16.70 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.80 11 .20 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4 .80 123 112 133 116 151 125 118 138 137 135 112 109 102 102 99 107 104 93 48 1(4 28 22 16 0 0 0 0 0 ------- MODEL YEAR CO EMISSIONS IN GRAMS/MILE WITH ANNUAL I/M 1971 1975 1976 1977 1970 1957 123.90 123.90 123.90 123.90 123.90 1958 112.10 112.10 112.10 112.10 112.10 1959 133- 10 133.10 133.10 133.10 133-10 I960 116.80 116.80 116.80 116.80 116.80 1961 151.80 151.90 151.90 151.90 151.90 1962 121.90 125.00 125.10 125. 10 125.10 1963 117.70 117.80 117.90 118.00 118.00 1961 133.20 138.30 138.10 138.50 138.60 1965 136.90 137.00 137. 10 137.20 137.30 1966 131.90 135. 10 135.20 135.30 135.10 1967 111.60 111.90 112. 10 112.20 112.30 1968 107.90 109.20 109.50 109.70 90.88 1969 98.20 100.30 101.60 101.90 89 .05 1970 95.30 98.10 100.50 101.80 81 .12 "197 1 89.20 93- 10 96.20 98.30 80.83 1972 92.10 97.20 101.10 101.20 82.12 1973 85.20 90.70 95.50 99.10 81.52 1971 71.50 80.90 86.10 91.20 79.76 1975 0.00 27.60 31.00 39.50 30.19 1976 0.00 0.00 27-60 31.00 29.35 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.10 16.85 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15. 33 197 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.11 1980 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.11 198 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.11 1982 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.59 1963 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.59 1981 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.59 1935 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.59 1979 1980 1991 1982 1983 1981 1985 123-90 112.10 133-10 116.80 15«-90 125-10 118.00 133-60 137-10 135-50 112.10 90.90 09.08 81 .17 80.90 82.73 82.02 80.50 31.11 30.19 18. 15 16.85 15-33 11 .11 11 .11 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 123.90 112.10 133-10 116.80 151.90 125- 10 118.00 138.60 137-10- 135.60 112.50 90.92 89.10 81 .19 80.95 82.80 82.32 81 .00 32.15 31.11 19-29 18. 15 16.85 15-33 11 .11 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 123-90 112.10 133.10 116.80 151.90 125. 10 118.00 138.60 137.10 135.60 112.60 90.95 89.12 81 .52 80.97 82.81 82.39 81.30 32.65 32.15 20.21 19.29 18. 15 16.85 15.33 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 123.90 112.10 133-10 116.60 151.90 125. 10 118.00 138.60 137.10 135.60 112.60 90.97 89- 15 81 .51 81 .00 82.87 82 .11 81 .38 32.95 32 .65 20.95 20.21 19.29 18.15 16.85 3.73 2.59 2.59 2.59 123-90 112.10 133- 10 116.80 151.90 125. 10 118.00 133.60 137.10 135-60 112.60 90.97 89 . 17 81 .56 81 .02 82.89 82.17 81 .12 33-03 32.95 21 .15 20.95 20.21 19-29 18. 15 5-25 3-73 2.59 2.59 123.90 112.10 133. 10 116.80 151.90 125.10 118.00 138.60 137.10 135.60 112.60 90.97 69. 17 81 .59 3 1.01 82.92 82.19 81 .15 33.07 33.03 21.75 21 .15 20.95 20.21 19.29 6.55 5.25 3.73 2.59 123.90 112.10 133.10 116.80 151.90 125. 10 118.00 138.60 137.10 135-60 112.60 90.97 89. 17 81.59 81.07 82.91 82.51 81.17 33- 10 33.07 21.83 21.75 21.15 20. 95 20.21 7.69 6.55 5.25 ------- MODEL YEAR CO EMISSIONS IN GRAMS/MILE WITH SEMI-ANNUAL 1974 1975 1976 1977 1970 1957 123.90 1958 112.40 1959 133. 10 I960 116.80 1961 154.80 1962 124.90 1963 117.70 1964 138.20 1965 136.90 1966 134.90 1967 14 1.60 1968 107.90 1969 98.20 1970 95. 30 1971 89.20 1972 92.40 1973 85.20 1974 74.50 1975 0.00 1976 0.00 1977 0.00 1978 0.00 1979 0.00 19dO 0.00 1931 0.00 1982 0.00 1933 0.00 1984 0.00 1985 0.00 123.90 123.90 112.40 112.40 133. 10 133.10 116.80 116.80 154.90 154.90 125.00 125.10 117.80 117.90 138.30 138.40 137.00 137. 10 135. 10 135.20 141.90 142 . 10 109.20 109.50 100.30 101 .60 98.40 100.50 93- 10 96.20 97.20 101.10 90.70 95.50 80.90 86 .40 27.60 34 .00 0.00 27.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.ou 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 123-90 123.90 112.40 112.40 133.10 133.10 116.80 116.80 154.90 154.90 125.10 125.10 118.00 118.00 138.50 138.60 137.20 137.30 135.30 135.40 142.20 142.30 109.70 90.88 101.90 89.05 101 .80 81.42 98.30 80.83 104.20 82. 42 99.40 81 .52 91 .20 79-76 39.50 30.49 34.00 29.35 16.40 16.85 0.00 15.33 0.00 11 .44 0.00 11 .44 0.00 11.44 0.00 2.59 0.00 2.59 0.00 2.59 0.00 2.59 I/M 1979 1980 1981 1982 1933 1984 1985 123-90 12 3-90 123.90 123-90 123-90 123.90 123.90 112.40 112.40 112.40 112.40 112.40 112.40 112.40 133-10 133-10 133-10 133.10 133-10 133- 10 133- 10 116.80 116.80 116.80 116.80 116.80 116.80 116.80 154 .90 154 .90 154 .90 154.90 154.90 154.90 154.90 125. 10 125. 10 125.10 125. 10 125. 10 125. 10 125. 10 118.00 110.00 118.00 1 18.00 118.00 118.00 118.00 138.60 138.60 133.60 133.60 138.60 133.60 138.60 137.40 137.40 137.40 137.40 137.40 137.40 137.40 135.50 135.60 135-60 135.60 135.60 135.60 135.60 142.40 142.50 142.60 142.60 142.60 142.60 142.60 90.90 90.92 90.95 90.97 90.97 90.97 90.97 89 .08 89.10 89. 12 89. 15 89. 17 89-17 89- 17 81 .47 01 .49 81 .52 81 .54 81.56 81 .59 31 .59 80.90 80.95 80.97 81 .00 81 .02 81 .04 8 1 .07 82.73 82.80 82.84 82 .87 82 .39 82 .92 32.94 82.02 82.32 82.39 82 .44 82.47 82.49 82.51 80.50 81 .00 81 .30 81 .33 81 .42 81.45 81 .47 31.41 32. 15 32.65 32-95 33-03 33-07 33- 10 30.49 31.41 32. 15 32.65 32.95 33.03 33-07 18.15 19.29 20.21 20.95 21 .45 21 .75 21 .83 16.85 18. 15 19.29 20.21 20.95 21.45 21 .75 15.33 16.85 18. 15 19.29 20.21 20.95 21 .45 11 .44 15.33 16.85 18. 15 19.29 20.21 20.95 11. 44 11 .44 15.33 16.85 18. 15 19.29 20.21 2.59 2-59 2.59 3-73 5.25 6.55 7.69 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 3-73 5.25 6.55 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 3.73 5.25 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 ------- MODEL YEAH CO EMISSIONS IM GRAMS/MILE WITH ANNUAL I/M 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1957 123-90 123.90 123-90 123.90 123.90 1958 112.H0 112.10 112.10 112.10 112.10 1959 133-10 133.10 133.10 133. 10 133.10 I960 116.80 116.60 116.80 116.80 116.80 1961 151.80 151.90 151.90 151.90 151-90 1962 121.90 125.00 125.10 125. 10 125.10 1963 117.70 117.80 117.90 118.00 118.00 1961 138.20 138.30 138.10 133.50 138.60 1965 136.90 137.00 137. 10 137.20 137.30 1966 131.90 135.10 135.20 135.30 135.10 1967 111.60 111 .90 112. 10 112.20 112.30 1968 107.90 109.20 109.50 109.70 51 .62 1969 93 .20 100.30 101.60 101.90 50.58 1970 95.30 98.10 100.50 101.80 16.25 1971 89.20 93. 10 96.20 98.30 15.91 1972 92.10 97.20 101.10 101.20 16.81 1973 85.20 90-70 95-50 99.10 50.70 197*1 71.50 80. 90 86.10 91 .20 19.61 1975 0.00 27.60 31.00 39.50 30.19 1976 0.00 0.00 27-60 31.00 29.35 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.10 16.85 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.33 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.11 1930 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.11 1981 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.11 1982 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.59 1983 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.59 1981 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.59 1985 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.59 RETROFIT 1979 1930 1931 1932 1933 1931 1935 123-90 123.90 123.90 123-90 123-90 123-90 123.90 112.10 112.10 112.10 112.10 112.10 112.10 112.10 133-10 133. 10 133. 10 133.10 133. 10 133. 10 133.10 116.80 116.80 116.80 1 16.30 116.80 116.80 116.80 151-90 151-90 151.90 151.90 151.90 151.90 151.90 125-10 125. 10 125. 10 125.10 125. 10 125-10 125. 10 118.00 118.00 118.00 118.00 118.00 118.00 118.00 133-60 138.60 138.60 133.00 13a-60 133.60 133.60 137-10 137.10 137.10 137.10 137.10 137.10 137.10 135.50 135.60 135.60 135.60 135.60 135.60 135.60 112-10 112.50 112.60 112.60 112.60 112.60 112.60 51.63 51.65 51 .66 51 .67 51 .67 51 .67 51.67 50.60 50.61 50.62 50.61 50.65 50.65 50.65 16.28 16.29 16.30 16. 32 16.33 16.31 16. 31 15.95 15.98 15.99 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.05 16.99 17.03 17.06 17.07 17.08 17. 10 17.11 51.01 51.21 51.25 51 -23 51-29 51.31 51-33 50.07 50.33 50.57 00 .02 50.61 50.66 50.67 31.11 32.15 32.65 32.95 33-03 33-07 33- 10 30.19 31 .11 32. 15 32 .65 32.95 33.03 33.07 18. 15 19.29 20.21 20.95 21 .15 21 .75 21.83 16.85 13. 15 19.29 20.21 20.95 21.15 21.75 15.33 16.85 18. 15 19-29 20.21 20.95 21.15 11 .11 15.33 16.85 18. 15 19.29 20.21 20.95 11 .11 11.11 15.33 16.85 18. 15 19-29 20.21 2.59 2.59 2.59 3.73 5.25 6.55 7.69 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 3-73 5.25 6.55 2.59 2.59 2.59 2-59 2.59 3.73 5.25 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 ------- CO EMISSIONS IN GRAMS/MILE WITH SEMI-ANNUAL I/M i RETHOFIT MODEL YEAR 1971 1975 1976 1977 1973 1979 1980 1931 1982 1933 1934 19S5 1957 123-90 123.90 123.90 123.90 123.90 1958 112.10 112.10 112.10 112.10 112.10 1959 133-10 133.10 133.10 133.10 133.10 1960 116.80 116.80 116.80 116.80 116.80 1961 151.80 151.90 151.90 151.90 151.90 1962 121.90 125.00 125. 10 125. 10 125. 10 1963 117.70 117.80 117.90 118.00 118.00 1961 138.20 138.30 133-10 138.50 138.60 1955 136.90 137.00 137. 10 137.20 137.30 1966 131.90 135. 10 135.20 135-30 135.10 1967 111.60 111.90 112. 10 112.20 112.30 1968 107-90 109.20 109-50 109.70 51.62 1969 93.20 100.30 101.60 101.90 50.58 1970 95.30 98.10 100.50 101.80 16.25 1971 89.20 93- 10 96.20 93.30 15.91 1972 92.10 97 .20 101.10 101.20 16.81 197 3 85.20 90.70 95.50 99.10 50.70 1974 71.50 80. 90 86.10 91 .20 19.61 1975 0.00 27.60 31.00 39.50 30.19 1976 0. GO 0.00 27-60 31.00 29.35 1977 0.00 0.00 0. 00 16.10 16.05 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.33 1979 0.00 O.OJ 0.00 0.00 11 .11 1930 0.00 0.00 0. 00 0.00 11.11 1931 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11 .11 1982 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.59 1933 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.59 1981 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.59 1935 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.59 90 123-90 123.90 123.90 123.90 123-90 123-90 10 1 12.10 112.10 112.10 1 12.10 112.10 112.10 10 133- 10 133- 10 133.10 133- 10 133.10 133. 10 80 116.80 116.80 116.80 116.80 1 16.80 116.80 90 151.90 151.90 151 - 90 15'J .90 151.90 151.90 10 125. 10 125. 10 125.10 125.10 125. 10 125.10 00 118.00 118.00 118.00 1 18.00 116.00 118.00 60 138.60 138.60 133.60 138.60 138.60 138.60 10 137.10 137.10 137.10 137.10 137.10 137.10 50 135.60 135.60 135.60 135.60 135.60 135.60 10 112.50 112.60 11)2. 60 112.60 112.60 112.60 63 51.65 51 .66 51.67 51 .67 51.67 51 .67 60 50.61 50.62 50.61 50 .65 50.65 50.65 28 16.29 16. 30 16. 32 16.33 16.3') 16 .31 95 15.98 15.99 16.01 16.02 16.03 16.05 99 17.03 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.10 17.11 01 51.21 51 .25 51.2d 51 .29 51.31 51 .32 07 50.38 50.57 50.62 50.6'l 50.66 50.67 11 32- 15 32.65 32.95 33.03 33.07 33.10 19 31.11 32. 15 32.6'5 32.95 33.03 33-07 15 19.29 20.21 20.95 21.15 21 .75 21 .t)3 85 10. 15 19.29 20.21 20.95 21 .15 21 .75 33 16.85 18. 15 19-29 20.21 20.95 21 .15 11 15.33 16.85 18.15 19-29 20.21 20.95 11 11.11 15.33 16.85 10. 15 19.29 20.21 59 2.59 2.59 3-73 5.25 6.55 7.69 59 2.59 2.59 2.59 3-73 5.25 6 .55 59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 3-73 5.25 59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 2.59 3-73 123 112 133 116 151 125 118 138 137 135 112 51 50 1)6 15 '16 51 50 31 30 18 16 10 11 11 2 2 2 ------- NOX EMISSIONS IN GRAMS/MILE WITH NO CONTROL STRATEGY HODEL YEAR 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1932 1933 1984 1985 1957 2.48 2.48 2.1(8 2.48 2.48 1958 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 1959 1-37 1 - 37 1.37 1.37 1.37 I960 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 I.63 1961 1.88 1.88 1 .88 1.88 1.88 1962 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 1963 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 1961 2.03 2.03 2 .03 2.03 2.03 1965 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1966 2.16 2.16 2. 16 2. 16 2.16 1967 2.06 2.01 2.04 2.04 2.04 1968 2.79 2.75 2.73 2.73 2.73 1969 3.20 3.16 3. 12 3. 10 3.10 1970 3-18 3.11 3.10 3.06 3.04 1971 3-07 3.05 3.01 2.97 2.93 1972 2.99 2.99 2.97 2.93 2.89 1973 2.05 2.11 2.11 2.09 2.05 1974 1.75 1.89 1.95 1.95 1.93 1975 0 .00 2.00 2.14 2.20 2.20 1976 0.00 0.00 2.00 2. 14 2.20 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.07 2.21 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.07 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1930 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 O.OO 1931 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1982 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1933 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1934 0 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1935 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 O.OO 48 2.48 2.48 2.43 2.48 2.48 2.48 66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 37 1 -37 1 -37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1 .37 63 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 88 1.88 1 .88 1 .88 1.08 1 .88 1 .88 56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2 .03 75 1 .75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1 .75 1 -75 16 2. 16 2.16 2. 16 2. 16 2.16 2.16 04 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.04 73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2. 73 2.73 2.73 10 3. 10 3.10 3. 10 3.10 3-10 3.10 04 3.04 3.04 3.04 3-04 3-04 3 .04 91 2.91 2.91 2.91 2.91 2.91 2.91 85 2.83 2.83 2.83 2.83 2.83 2.33 01 1 .97 1.95 1.95 1.95 1 .95 1 .95 89 1.85 1.81 1.79 1.79 1.79 1.79 18 2.14 2. 10 2.06 2.04 2.04 2.04 20 2. 18 2. 14 2. 10 2.06 2.04 2.04 27 2.27 2.25 2.21 2. 17 2. 13 2. 1 1 21 2.27 2.27 2.25 2.21 2.17 2.13 07 2.21 2.27 2.27 2.25 2.21 2.17 00 2.07 2.21 2.27 2.27 2.25 2.21 00 0.00 2.07 2.21 2.27 2.27 2.25 00 0.00 0.00 2.07 2.21 2.27 2.27 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.07 2.21 2 .27 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2 .07 2.21 00 0 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.07 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 ------- tJOX EMISSIONS IN GRAMS/MILE WITH ANNUAL I/M MODEL YEAR 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1957 2.18 2.1(8 2.18 2.18 2 .18 1956 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 1959 1.37 1-37 1 .37 1.37 1.37 1960 1.63 1.63 1 .63 1 .63 1.63 1961 1.83 1 .88 1 .88 1 .88 1.88 1962 2-56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 196 3 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 1961 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 1965 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1966 2. 16 2. 16 2. 16 2. 16 2. 16 1967 2.06 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 1968 2.79 2.75 2.73 2.73 2.80 1969 3.20 3. 16 3- 12 3. 10 3-07 1970 3. 13 3. 11 3. 10 3.06 3.03 1971 3-07 3-05 3.01 2.97 2.95 1972 2.99 2.99 2.97 2.93 2.92 1973 2.05 2.11 2.11 2.09 1 .95 197 4 1.75 1.89 1 .95 1 .95 1 .66 1975 0.00 2.00 2. 11 2.20 2. 13 1976 0.00 0.00 2.00 2.11 2. 13 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.07 2.15 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.05 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 1930 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 1931 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 1982 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 1933 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 1931) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 1935 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.5« 197? 1980 1981 1932 1933 1931 1985 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.18 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 1.37 1.37 1.37 1.37 1-37 1 .37 1 .37 1 .63 1.63 1.63 1 .63 1 .63 1 .63 1.63 1 .88 1.88 1.88 1 .83 1 .83 1 .88 1 . S3 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2 .03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2 .03 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1 .75 1.75 2. lb 2. 16 2. 16 2. 16 2. 16 2. 16 2. 16 2. 01 2.01 2.01 2.OH 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80 2.80 3-07 3-07 3-07 3-07 3-07 3.07 3-07 3-03 3-03 3-03 3-03 3-03 3.03 3-03 2.93 2.93 2.93 2.93 2.93 2.93 2.93 2.89 2.88 2. CO 2.88 2.88 2.88 2.88 1.92 1.89 1.88 1 .88 1 .83 1 .88 1 .38 1.83 1.80 1.77 1 .76 1 .76 1 .76 1 .76 2.11 2.08 2.05 2.02 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.13 2.11 2.08 2.05 2.02 2.01 2.01 2.20 2.20 2. 18 2. 15 2. 12 2.09 2.08 2. 15 2.20 2.20 2. 18 2. 15 2. 12 2.09 2.05 2. 15 2.20 2.20 2. 18 2.15 2.12 0.51 2.05 2. 15 2.20 2.20 2. 18 2.15 0.51 0.51 2.05 2. 15 2.20 2.20 2. 18 0.51 0.51 0.51 2.05 2.15 2.20 2.20 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 2.05 2. 15 2.20 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 2.05 2.15 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 ------- NOX EMISSIONS IN GRAMS/MILE WITH SEMI-ANNUAL, I/M MODEL YEAR 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1932 1933 1934 1985 1957 2.48 2.48 2.1)8 2. 48 2.48 2.48 2.4b 2. 48 2.46 2.48 2.48 2 .48 1958 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 1959 1-37 1-37 1 .37 1.37 1-37 1-37 1 .37 1 . 37 1-37 1 • 37 1-37 1 .37 I960 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 1 .63 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 1961 1.88 1.88 1 .88 1.88 1 .88 1.88 1 .88 1 .88 1 .8 J 1 .88 1 .88 1 .66 1962 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.5b 1963 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.0b 2.06 2.06 2.06 1961 2.03 2.03 2 .03 2 .03 2 .03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 1965 1-75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1 .75 1.75 1 .75 1.75 1. 75 1966 2.16 2. 16 2. 16 2. 16 2. 16 2. 16 2. 16 2. 16 2. 16 2. 16 2.16 2. 16 1967 2.06 2.01 2.0t 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.04 2 . 04 2.04 1968 2.79 2.75 2.73 2.73 2.82 2.82 2.82 2.8 2 2.82 2.32 2 .82 2.82 1969 3-20 3. 16 3. 12 3-10 3.07 3-07 3-07 3-07 3-07 3-07 3-07 3. 07 1970 3.18 3- 11 3. 10 3.06 3-03 3-03 3.03 3.03 3-03 3-03 3.03 3-03 1971 3.07 3.05 3.01 2.97 2.95 2.94 2.94 2.94 2.94 2.94 2.91 2.94 1972 2.99 2.99 2.97 2.93 2.92 2.90 2.88 2.88 2.83 2.38 2.83 2.83 1973 2.05 2.11 2.11 2.09 1 .93 1-91 1 .88 1.86 1.86 1 .86 1.86 1 .86 1974 1-75 1.89 1 .95 1.95 1.85 1.82 1 .80 1 .77 1 .76 1.76 1.76 1 .76 1975 0.00 2.00 2. If 2.20 2.11 2.10 2.07 2.05 2.02 2.01 2.01 2.01 1976 0.00 O.OO 2.00 2. 11 2.11 2. 11 2. 10 2.07 2.05 2.02- 2.01 2.01 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.07 2. 14 2. 18 2. 18 2. 17 2 . 14 2. 12 2.09 2.08 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.05 2. 14 2. 18 2. 18 2. 17 2.14 2. 12 2.09 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.63 2.05 2.14 2. 18 2. 10 2. 17 2 . 14 2.12 1930 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.63 0.63 2.05 2. 14 2. Id 2. 18 2 . 17 2.14 1981 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.63 0.63 0.63 2.05 2. 14 2. 18 2. 18 2. 17 1982 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 2.0'i 2. 14 2. 18 2. 13 1983 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 2.05 2. 14 2. 18 1981 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 2.05 2.14 1985 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 ------- tJOX EMISSIONS IN GRAMS/MILE WITH ANNUAL I/tl MODEL YEAH 1971 1975 1976 1977 1973 1957 2.48 2.18 2.13 2.18 2.18 1956 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 1959 1 -37 1 .37 1. 37 1 .37 1 .37 I960 1 .63 1.63 1.63 1 .63 1.63 1961 1.88 1.88 1.83 1 .88 1 .88 1962 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 1963 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 1961 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 1965 1 .75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1966 2.16 2.16 2. 16 2. 16 2. 16 1967 2.0b 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.01 1968 2.79 2.75 2-73 2.73 2.07 1969 3-20 3. 16 3- 12 3. 10 2.27 1970 3. 18 3-lt 3.10 3.06 2.21 1971 3.07 3.05 3-01 2.97 2. 18 1972 2.99 2.99 2.97 2.93 2. 16 1973 2 .05 2.11 2.11 2.09 2.37 1971 1.75 1.89 1-95 1 .95 2. 26 1975 0 .00 2.00 2. 11 2.20 2. 13 1976 0.00 0.00 2.00 2. 11 2.13 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.07 2. 15 1973 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.05 1979 0 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 1930 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 198 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 1932 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 1933 o.oo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 1981 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 1985 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.51 RETIiOFIT 1979 1980 1981 1932 1933 1931 1935 2.18 2.13 2 .18 2. '13 2.18 2 .18 2.18 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.C6 2.66 2.66 2.C6 1 37 1.37 1 .37 1 • 37 1-37 1 .37 1 .37 1 .63 1.63 1.63 I.63 1 .63 1 .63 1 .63 1.88 1 .88 1 .88 1.83 1 .33 1 .83 1 .83 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2 .56 2 .56 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2. 06 2.06 2.06 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2.03 2 .03 1.75 1 .75 1.75 1 .75 1 .75 1 .75 1.75 2. 16 2. 16 2.16 2. 16 2. 16 2.16 2. 16 2. 01 2.01 2.01 2.01 2. 01 2.01 2. 01 2.07 2.07 2.07 2.07 2 . 07 2.07 2.07 2. 27 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 2. 21 2.21 2.21 2. 21 2.21 2 .21 2.21 2. 17 2. 17 2. 17 2. 17 2. 17 2.17 2. 17 2. 11 2.13 2.13 2. 13 2- 13 2.13 2.13 2. 31 2.30 2.2a 2.23 2.23 2 .23 2.23 2.23 2. 19 2.16 2. 11 2. 11 2.11 2. 11 2.11 2.08 2.05 2.02 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.13 2.11 2.03 2.05 2.02 2.01 2.01 2.20 2.20 2. 18 2. 15 2. 12 2.09 2 . C3 2. 15 2.20 2.20 2. 18 2. 15 2.12 2.09 2.05 2. 15 2.20 2. 20 2. 18 2.15 2. 12 0.51 2.05 2. 15 2.20 2.20 2.18 2.15 0.51 0 .51 2.05 2. 15 2.20 2.20 2. 18 0.51 0 .51 0.51 2.05 2. 15 2.20 2.20 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 2.05 2.15 2.20 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 2 .05 2.15 0-51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 0.51 ------- MODEL YEAR NOX EMISSIONS IN GRAMS/MILE WITH SEMI-ANNUAL 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1957 2 .13 2.18 2.18 2.48 2.48 1958 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 1959 1 .37 1-37 1 .37 1-37 1.37 I960 1.63 1 .63 1 .63 1 .63 1.63 1961 1.83 1 .88 1 .88 1.88 1.88 1962 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 1963 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 2.06 1961 2.03 2 .03 2.03 2 .03 2.03 1965 1 .75 1 .75 1.75 1.75 1.75 1966 2.16 2. 16 2. 16 2. 16 2. 16 1967 2.05 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.04 1968 2.79 2.75 2.73 2.73 2.08 1969 3-20 3.16 3-12 3- 10 2.27 1970 3. 13 3-14 3-10 3.06 2.24 1971 3.07 3-05 3-01 2.97 2. 18 1972 2.99 2.99 2.97 2.93 2. 16 1973 2.05 2.11 2.11 2.09 2.35 1974 1.75 1.89 1 .95 1.95 2.25 1975 0.00 2.00 2. 14 2.20 2.11 1976 0.00 0.00 2.00 2. 14 2.11 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.07 2. 14 1978 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.05 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.63 1980 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.63 1931 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.63 1932 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.63 1933 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.63 1931 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.63 1935 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.63 4 RETROFIT 1979 1980 198 1 1932 1933 1934 1935 2.48 2.48 2.48 2.48 2 .48 2.48 2.48 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 2.66 1 .37 1. 37 1-37 1 .37 1 .37 1 .37 1.37 1.63 1.63 1.63 1 .03 1 .63 1.63 1.b3 1.88 1.88 1.88 1 .88 1 .88 1 .83 1.83 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.56 2.06 2.06 2.06 2 .06 2 .06 2.06 2.06 2.03 2.03 2 .03 2.03 2 .03 2.03 2.03 1 .75 1.75 1.75 1 .75 1 .75 1 .75 1 .75 2. 16 2. 16 2.16 2. 16 2. 16 2. lb 2.1b 2.04 2.04 2.04 2 . 04 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.08 2.08 2.08 2 .03 2.03 2 .08 2.03 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.24 2.24 2.2 V 2.21 2.24 2.24 2. 24 2. 17 2. 17 2.17 2. 17 2. 17 2. 17 2.17 2.14 2. 13 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.13 2. 32 2.28 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.22 2. 18 2. 15 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.10 2.07 2.05 2.02 2.01 2.01 2.01 2.11 2. 10 2.07 2.05 2.02 2.01 2.01 2. 18 2. 18 2.17 2. 14 2. 12 2.09 2.03 2. 14 2. 18 2. 18 2.17 2 . 14 2. 12 2.09 2.05 2. 14 2. 18 2. 18 2. 17 2 . 14 2.12 0.63 2.05 2. 14 2 . 18 2. 18 2. 17 2.14 0.63 0.63 2 .05 2. 14 2.18 2.18 2 . 17 0.63 0.63 0.63 2.05 2. 14 2. 18 2. 18 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 2.05 2. 14 2. 18 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 2.05 2. 14 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.63 ------- APPENDIX G VEHICULAR EMISSION INVENTORY PROJECTIONS FOR DENVER AIR QUALITY CONTROL REGION TO 1985; ASSUMING VARIOUS CONTROL STRATEGIES ------- VEHICULAR EMISSION RATE OF IIC IH TOMS/YEAR KITH HO CONTROL STRATEGf MODEL YEAR 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1960 1981 1932 193J 1931 1935 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1953 1961 1965 1966 1957 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1933 193*4 1935 41 .iin 122.50 453-00 975.71 871.52 4M5.M5 1778.39 2643.51 3300.66 5194.39 5254.09 4734.04 5010.46 4341.28 6347.62 6325.91 5730.63 2323-91 0 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.57 65.71 260 .44 600.35 570.60 308.94 1293.30 2029.63 3097.31 4437.75 4676.68 4341.37 4706.23 4680.24 6275. 14 6434.34 6212. 10 4957.44 1543.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9-26 32.58 139.13 344.96 352.72 202.76 894.17 1480. 17 2373-87 3607.73 4001.92 3897-93 4314.41 4400-73 6071.50 6353.19 6357.62 5239-96 3669-48 1646.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.89 14 .66 68.72 184.20 203-54 125-63 585-30 1026. 17 1728.57 2758.91 3258.04 3360.86 3872-59 4037.91 5712.74 6141.40 6304 .64 5389.86 4111.50 3915-26 1206.82 C.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.52 6. 16 30.92 90.93 109.11 72.65 361.73 673.23 1196.62 2005.05 2494.74 2754.22 3338.17 3627.17 5244.70 5774.27 6114.42 5328.31 4315.64 43&6.08 3224.80 1287.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.55 2-40 12.99 40-92 51-07 39-02 208.70 417-06 731- 12 1335-40 1815. 13 2121.66 2735-02 3128.67 4713-47 5297.94 5763-99 5155-40 4354-35 460U.70 3779-31 3440.88 1373-97 O.OO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.86 5.07 17.19 24.33 19.37 111.85 241. 12 4B5. 11 906.34 1255.56 1551.73 2106.46 2564.84 4067.39 4758.82 5300.02 4850.77 4277.53 4646.00 4069.09 4032.56 3671.44 1466.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.29 1 .82 6.70 10. 22 8.72 55.42 129-47 230. 15 559.85 822. 18 1078.75 154 0. 35 1976.41 3335.59 4104.64 4769.62 4453.35 4073-49 4564.04 4174.56 43M1.75 4302.75 3917.43 1564.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0 .09 0.62 2.41 3-99 3-66 24.94 64 .26 150.28 322.84 503.33 709.45 1070.66 1445.39 2571 . 17 3364.82 4120.61 4002.23 3776.87 4 346.32 4150.43 4454.23 4632.66 4591.05 4179-91 605. 15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.20 0.82 1.43 1 .43 10.47 23.92 7 4.52 172.95 293.33 440.47 704.03 1005.43 1881.53 2592.78 3332.63 3453.68 3423. 10 4029-04 3989.27 4423.53 4752.73 4943.07 4893 .66 2618.52 645.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.26 0.49 0.51 4 .08 12. 15 33-53 85.65 157.29 255. 18 437.04 061.33 1303.72 1896.76 2609.79 2332.30 2975.34 3652-33 3726.52 4256.53 4725.26 5071. 18 5274.26 3484.56 2793-97 683.96 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.08 0. 16 0. 17 1 . 47 4.74 14. 03 38.54 77.95 137.23 253- 17 4 10.71 861.09 1318.93 1911.23 2183.22 .2455.21 3174.62 3393 .77 3976.23 4541.78 5041.86 54 10.96 3996.20 3718.03 2931. 17 735. 12 57-67 68-72 73-74 75-85 57-85 21580.7 27259.3 8104 .6 0.0 17361.3 26437-3 11169-5 1543.6 13439.3 25037.8 11647.6 5316.4 9957.6 23125.5 11694.5 9233-6 7042.7 20738.5 11442.7 13215.0 4760.3 17996.8 10919. 4 17553-2 3067.0 15049-2 10150.8 22162.6 1874.9 12035.7 9223.0 26938.3 1081.4 9162.0 8122.9 30736.7 584.2 6624.2 6836.3 33729-4 294 .0 4559. 1 5442.1 36649.0 137.2 2981.2 4094.5 39429.9 ------- MODEL YEAR VEHICULAR EMISSION RATE OF HC IN TOHS/YEAR 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 WITH ANNUAL I/M 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1931 1935 1957 1958 1959 1960 196 1 1962 1963 1961 1965 '1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 '1971 1972 1973 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1931 1982 1983 1981 1985 11.11 122.50 153-00 975.71 871.52 115.15 1778.39 2613-51 3300.66 5191-39 5251.09 1731.01 5010.16 1811 .23 6317.62 6325.91 0780.68 2323-91 0 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.57 65.71 260.11 600.35 570.60 308.91 1293-30 2029.63 3097.31 1137.75 1676.68 1311.37 1706.23 1680.21 6275.11 6131.31 6212.10 1957.11 1513-57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.26 32.53 139.13 311.96 352.72 202.76 891. 17 1180. 17 2373-87 3607.73 1001.92 3897.93 I31I.I1 1100.73 6071.50 6353-19 6357.62 5239.96 3669-18 1616.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.89 11.66 68.72 181.20 203.51 125.63 585-30 1026. 17 1728.57 2758.91 3258.01 3360.86 3872.59 1037-91 5712-71 6111 .10 6301.61 5389.86 1111.50 3915.26 1206.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0 0.00 1.52 6. 16 30.92 90.93 109.11 72.65 361.73 673-28 1196.62 2005.05 2191.71 2639.31 3205.61 3319.26 1861.00 5365.51 5710.50 5006.50 3971.06 1082.01 300 3-39 1262.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.55 2.10 12.99 10.92 51.07 39-02 208.70 117.06 781. 12 1385.10 1815. 13 2027.27 2618.22 2881 .50 1357.96 1906.03 5386.62 1818.58 398 1 .55 1210.21 3151.05 3201.63 1317.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.86 5.07 17.19 2'l • 33 19.37 111.85 211. 12 185. 11 906.31 1255.56 1178.99 2010.77 2356.91 3750.63 1393.71 1931.09 1511.63 3891 . 10 1218.23 3680.21 3685.50 3119.36 1137.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.29 1 .82 6.70 10.22 8.72 55.12 129.17 280. 15 559.85 822. 18 1025.72 1166.76 1812.52 3068.76 3779.97 1125.66 1130.09 3690.15 1151.72 3750. 11 3926.81 3932.11 3618.16 1533-71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 .02 0.09 0.62 2.11 3.99 3.66 21.91 61.26 150.23 322.81 508.33 673- 19 1017.10 1323-67 2360.57 3091-75 3312.55 3700.11 3H0.39 3937.63 3710.18 1001.12 1189.92 1195.93 3892.92 572.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.20 0.82 1 -13 1 .13 10. 17 23.92 71-52 172.95 293-33 117. 12 667.16 918.90 1721.32 2377.51 3122.03 3131.72 3082.26 3633.82 3553-20 3959- 1 1 1269-53 1170.66 1177-06 2312.31 610.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.26 0.19 0.51 1.03 12.15 33-53 85.65 157.29 211.22 113.53 603-59 1 197-31 1736.27 2103.36 2i 05.73 2672.66 3238.71 3309.31 3791-29 1221.38 1555.61 1770.20 3031.72 2167.21 651.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0. 16 0. 17 1 .17 1.71 11.08 33.51 77.95 129.56 239. 12 371.30 786.62 1205.31 1756.72 2001.39 •2200.92 2351.67 3010.71 3531.06 1015.31 1507.13 1860.81 3158.37 3233.05 2632.55 695.53 57-67 21580.7 17361 .3 13139.3 9957.6 7012.7 1760.3 3067.0 1871.9 1081.11 581.2 291.0 137.2 68-72 27259.3 26137.3 25037-8 23125.5 19123-7 16791.0 13991.0 11153-7 8166.3 6105. 3 1191.9 2731.9 73-71 8101.6 11169.5 11617-6 11691.5 10717-0 10205-2 9118.7 8555.7 7513-0 6306.7 5009. 1 3761 . 1 75-85 0.0 1513.6 5316.1 9233-6 12322.0 16227.6 20361.8 21633-7 27911.2 30373.9 32765.9 35032-5 57-85 56911.6 56511-7 55111.0 51011 .2 19535.1 17981. 1 16868.5 16218.1 1197 1.9 13370.1 12261.0 ------- VEHICULAR EMISSION BATE OF IIC IN TONS/YEAH MODEL YEAR 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1957 11.11 20.57 9-26 3.89 1 .52 1958 122.50 65.71 32.58 11.66 6. 16 1959 153-00 260.11 139. 13 68.72 30.92 I960 975.71 600.35 311-96 181.20 90.93 1961 871.52 570.60 352.72 203.51 109. 11 1962 115.15 308.91 202.76 125.63 72.65 1963 1778.39 1293-30 891. 17 585.30 361.73 1961 2613.51 2029.63 1180. 17 1026. 17 673-28 1965 3800.66 3097-31 2373-87 1728.57 1196 .62 1966 5191.39 1137.75 3607-73 2758.91 2005.05 1967 5251.09 1676.68 1001.92 3258.01 2191.71 1966 1731.01 1311.37 3897.93 3360.86 2521.10 1969 5010.16 1706.23 1311.11 3872.59 3073. 11 1970 1311,2C 1680.21 1100.73 1037.91 3071.36 1971 6317.62 6275. 11 6071 .50 5712.71 1183-30 1972 6325.91 6131.31 6353- 19 6111.10 1956.75 1973 5780.68 6212. 10 6357-62 6301.61 5366.58 1971 2323.91 1957-11 5289-96 5389.86 1681.70 1975 0 .00 1513.57 3669 .18 111 1.50 3632.18 1976 0.00 0.00 1616.95 3915.26 3777.20 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 1206.82 2781.97 1973 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1237.10 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1930 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 193 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1982 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1983 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1981 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1935 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 57-67 21580.7 17361 .3 13139.3 9957.6 7012.7 68-72 27259.3 26137.3 25037.8 23125.5 18108.9 73-71 8101.6 11169.5 11617.6 11691.5 10051.3 75-35 0.0 1513.6 5316.1 9233-6 11129.1 57-85 56911.6 56511.7 55111.0 51011.2 16631.9 WITH SEMI-ANNUAL I/M 1979 1980 1931 1932 1933 198 U 1985 0.55 2 .40 12.99 10.92 51 .07 39 -02 208.70 117-06 78"i . 12 1385.10 1815-13 1932-88 2501.12 2631•31 1002.11 1511. 13 5009-25 1181 .77 3608.75 3875.78 3128.79 2968.39 1320-31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 O.OO O.OO 1760.3 15585.2 919 1.0 11902.0 11738.6 0.19 0.86 5.07 17. 19 21.33 19.37 111.85 211. 12 185.11 906.31 1255.56 1106.26 1915.07 2119.03 3133.87 1028.60 1568.17 1173-19 3501.66 3850.17 3291.33 3338.11 3167.28 1108.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3067.0 12932.8 8716.7 18560.9 13307.1 0.06 0.29 1 .82 6.70 10.22 8.72 55.12 129-17 230. 15 559-85 822. 18 972.69 1393-17 1618.63 2801.91 3155.29 1081.70 3806.81 3307.11 3739-10 3325.72 3511.87 3562. 13 3379.50 1503- 16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1871.9 10271-7 7888.5 22329.2 12361-3 0.02 0. 09 0. 62 2. 11 3-99 3 ¦ 66 21. 91 61. 2u 150.23 322.81 508.33 636.93 963.55 1201.15 2119.97 2318.68 3501.19 3393.53 3013.92 3528.91 3270.51 3518.57 3717. 18 3800.80 3605-93 539.97 0. 00 0. 00 0. 00 1081.1 7770 .Ti 6903.0 25085.8 10810.9 0.00 0.03 0.20 0.32 1-13 1 .13 10.17 23 .92 71.52 172-95 293-38 393.78 630.89 832.37 1567.11 2162.30 2361.13 2915.75 2711.12 3217.80 3117. 12 3189.68 3786.33 3998.26 1055.16 2006.09 576.15 0.00 0.00 581.2 5586.1 5777.2 27018.3 38966.1 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.26 0.19 0.51 1.03 12. 15 157.29 227-26 390.01 515.80 1085.89 1575.78 2196.92 2379.17 2369.98 2925.01 2892.09 3325.99 3723-50 1010.03 1266. 11 2581.87 2110.50 611.75 0.00 291 -0 3321.7 1576 .1 23832.9 37577.7 O.OO 0.00 0.02 0.08 0. 16 0. 17 1 .17 1.71 11.08 38-51 77 .95 121.81 225.07 337.90 712.15 1091.63 1602. 16 1825.57 1916.61 2523.72 2622.70 3085-83 3518.81 3S72.99 1310-72 2920.55 2758.06 2283-92 655.91 137-2 2188.6 3127.7 30635.0 ------- VEll 1 CULAn EMISSION RATE OF IIC IN TONS/YEAH MODEL YEAR 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1957 41 .44 20.57 9 .26 3.89 1 .52 1958 122.50 65.71 32-58 14 .66 6. 16 1959 453.00 260.44 139. 13 68.72 30.92 I960 975.71 600.35 344.96 184.20 90.93 1961 871 .52 570.60 352.72 203.54 109.11 1962 445.45 308.94 202.76 125.63 72.65 196 3 1778.39 1293.30 894. 17 585.30 361.73 1964 2643-51 2029.63 1480. 17 1026.17 673 28 1965 3800.66 3097.31 2373.87 1728.57 1196.62 1 966 5194.39 4437.75 3607-73 2758.91 2005.05 1967 5254.09 4676 .68 4001.92 3258.04 2494.74 1968 4734.04 4341.37 3397.93 3360.86 2235.49 1969 5010.46 4706.23 4314.41 3872.59 2715.18 1970 4841.23 4680.24 4400.73 4037.91 2836.83 1971 6347.62 6275. 14 6071.50 5712.74 41 19.80 1972 6325.91 6434 . 34 6353- 19 6141 .40 4544.59 1973 5780.63 6212.10 6357.62 6304.64 4862.20 1974 2323.91 4957•44 5289.96 5389.86 4240.51 1975 0.00 1543-57 3669.48 4 ) 1 1.50 3974.06 1976 0.00 0.00 1646.95 3915.26 4082.04 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 1206.82 3003.39 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1262.54 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1980 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1931 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1932 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1933 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 334 0 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1985 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 57-67 21580.7 17361.3 13439.3 9957.6 7042.7 68-72 27259.3 26437.3 25037.8 23125.5 16451.9 73-74 8104.6 11169.5 11647.6 11694.5 9102.7 75-35 0.0 1543.6 5316.4 9233.6 12322.0 57-85 56944.6 56511 .7 5544 1.0 54011.2 44919.3 WITH ANNUAL I/M & RETROFIT 1979 1S30 1981 19132 1933 1931 19d5 0.55 2. 40 12.99 HO. 92 51.07 39 02 203.70 117.06 78'). 12 1385.10 1815.13 1717.10 2217.63 2440.63 3691 . 19 4155.41 1562. '16 1)081 .3') 3931.55 4240.21) 3454.05 3204.63 1347.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4760.3 14222 .0 6643.8 16227.6 43853.7 0. 19 0.86 5.07 17. 19 24.33 19.37 11 1.85 241. 12 485. 11- 906.34 1255.56 1252.71 1703.12 1996.32 3176.78 3721.47 4179- 18 3823-89 3891. 10 4248.23 3680.21 3685.50 3419.36 1437.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3067.0 11850.4 8003. 1 20361.8 4 3282.2 0.06 0.29 1 .82 6.70 10.22 8.72 55. 42 129.47 280. 15 559.85 822. 18 868.78 1242.34 1535.20 2599.24 3201.63 3748.53 3493 . 19 3690.45 4 151.72 3750.14 3926.81 3932.44 364 8.46 1533.71 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1874.9 9447.2 7246.7 24633-7 43202.5 0.02 0 .09 0.62 2.41 3-99 3.66 24 . 94 64.26 150.23 322 . 84 508.33 570 . 19 361.49 1121. 15 1999.40 2618.71 3229.23 3134.24 3410.39 3937.63 3710.48 4001.42 4189.92 4195.93 3892.92 572.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 1081.4 7170.9 6363.5 279 11.2 42527.1 0.00 0.03 0.20 0. 82 1.43 1.43 10. 47 28.92 74.02 172-95 293-38 353-30 565.34 778.31 1460.50 2013•78 2644.36 2697.45 3082.26 3633.82 3553-20 3959. 1 1 4269.53 4470.66 4477.06 2312.31 610.92 0.00 0.00 584 .2 5171.2 5341.8 30373.9 41471.0 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.26 0.49 0.51 4.08 12.15 157.29 204.31 350.26 511.24 10 14.12 1470.62 2035.64 2207.05 2u72.66 3238.71 3309.31 3791 .29 4224.33 4555.61 4770.20 3034.72 2467.24 651 .86 0.00 294 .0 3550.6 4242.7 32765.9 40353-2 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0. 16 0. 17 1 .47 4 .74 14.08 33.54 77.95 109.74 202.53 317.04 666.27 1020.89 1487-94 1697.72 2200.92 2351.67 3010.74 3531-06 4045.31 4507.43 4860.84 3458.37 3238.05 2632.55 695.53 137. 2 2316-5 3185.7 35032.5 ------- VEHICULAR EMISSION RATE OF HC IN TONS/tEAR WITH SEMI-ANNUAL I/M 4 RETROFIT MODEL YEAR 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1931 1982 1933 1981 1935 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1961 1965 1966 1967 1963 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1971 1975 1976 1977 1973 1979 1930 1931 1932 193 3 11.11 122.50 1)53-00 975-71 871 .52 115.15 1778.39 261)3.51 3800.66 5191.39 525") .09 i)73i) .01) 5010.M6 <)8i)1.23 631)7.62 6325.91 5730.68 2323.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.57 65.71 260 . 11 600.35 570-60 308.91 1293.30 2029-63 3097.31 11437 - 75 1676.68 1311.37 1706.23 1680.21 6275.11 6131.31 6212. 10 1957.11 1513.57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.26 32.5a 139.13 311.96 352.72 202.76 891. 17 1180. 17 2373.87 3607.73 1001.92 3397.93 I311.II 1100 .73 6071.50 6353. 19 6357.62 5289.96 3669.16 1616.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.89 11.66 68.72 181.20 203.51 125.63 585-30 1026. 17 1728.57 2758.91 3258.01 3360.86 3872.59 1037-91 5712.71 6111.10 6301.61 5389-86 1111.50 3915.26 1206.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 .52 6.16 30.92 90.93 109. 11 72.65 361.73 673.23 1196.62 2005.05 2191.71 2133. 17 2602.92 2601 .11 3797.36 1198.37 1515.19 3967.91 3632.18 3777.20 2781 .97 1237.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.55 2.10 12.99 10.92 51 -07 39.02 208.70 117.06 781.12 1385.10 1815.13 1637. 15 2118.71 2231-29 3390.07 3823-17 1)212.31 3796.06 3603.75 3875.73 3123.79 2968.39 1320-31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.86 5.07 17.19 21.33 19.37 111 .85 211.12 185.11 906.31 1255.56 1191.10 1622.07 1820.23 2908.19 3112.22 3869.21 3539. 18 3501.66 3850.17 3291.33 3338.11 3167-28 1108.77 0.00 0. 00 0.00 0.06 0.29 1 .82 6 .70 10.22 8.72 55.12 129.17 280. 15 559.85 822. 18 823.87 1180.02 1396.39 2373-21 2926.63 3157.20 3221.39 3307.11 3739.10 3325.72 3511.87 3562. 13 3379-50 1503 -16 0.00 0.00 0.02 0. 09 0.62 2.11 3-99 3.66 21.91 61.26 150.28 322.81 508.33 539.18 8 1(1. 12 1017.63 1821.02 2387.12 2968.30 2378.56 3013.92 3528.91 3270.51 3518.57 3717 . 18 3300.80 3605.93 539.97 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.20 0.82 1 .13 1.13 10. i)7 28.92 71.52 172.95 293-38 333-53 531.36 705 .02 1327.31 1831.17 2123-63 2169-6D 2711.12 3217 .80 3117. 12 3189-68 3736.33 3998.26 1055.16 2006.09 576 . 15 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.26 0.19 0.51 1.03 12.15 33-53 85.65 157.29 192.19 330.31 162.29 919-75 1331-68 1860.79 2015 - 15 2369-93 2925.01 2392.09 3325.99 3723.50 1010.03 1260. 11 2581.87 2110.50 0.00 0.00 0 .02 0 .08 0. 16 0. 17 1 .17 1. 71 11.03 33.51 77 .95 103.20 190.bl 206.20 603. 19 921.66 1357.03 1516.26 1916.61 2523.72 2622.70 3035.83 3513.81 3972.99 1310.72 2920.55 2758.06 1931 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 .00 611.75 2283-92 1935 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 655.91 57-67 21580.7 17361.3 13139.3 9957.6 7012.7 1760.3 3067.0 1871.9 1081.1 581.2 291.0 137.2 68-72 27259.3 26137.3 25037.8 23125.5 15338.3 13200.7 10951. 1 8700.1 6581 .7 1731.7 3239.6 2107.9 73-71 8101.6 11169.5 11617.6 1 1691.5 85 13-1 8038.9 7108.1 6681.6 5816.9 1893.3 3875.9 2903.3 75-85 0.0 1513-6 5316.1 9233-6 11129-1 11902.0 18560.9 22329.2 25085.8 27018.3 28832.9 30635.0 57-85 56911.6 56511.7 55111.0 51011.2 12323.1 10901.9 39990.1 39585.8 38595.8 37227.1 36292.1 ------- MODEL YEAR VEHICULAR EMISSION RATE OF CO ItJ TONS/YEAR WITH NO CONTROL STRATEGY 1971 1975 1976 1977 1973 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 19314 1935 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 3965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1971 1975 1976 1977 1973 1979 1980 193 1 1932 1983 1984 1985 1478.56 1183.91 3169. 18 6186.93 11133. 15 5677.26 17982.53 37976 .40 50417-66 60826.75 71605.31 69877- 19 69495.37 70331.44 93588.19 102907.30 106145-20 43282.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 .00 0.00 0.00 234.49 627.47 1977.43 3774.03 7390.09 3869.43 12889. 19 28584.34 40297.43 51024.74 62 370.38 62543.30 63961.39 66744.37 90576.00 101364.30 106914. 10 81350.31 17109.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 105.52 307.46 104 8.04 2151. 19 4507-95 2501.48 3785.25 20485-58 30331-56 40783-00 52315.78 5451 1 - 23 57299-93 61426.81 86020.31 97763-69 105408.50 82203.81 36480.22 18255.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 44.32 138.36 513.54 1140.13 2569.53 1525.91 5679-71 13961.18 21737.90 30697.36 41813.43 45742.65 49951.54 55027.98 79204.87 92609-75 101733-90 81248.81 40099.82 38923-61 11574. 18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.23 58. 11 231.09 558.66 136 1.85 869.77 3464.62 9024.84 14814.74 22000.28 31471 .79 36567.45 41922. 12 47970.66 70974.37 85132.31 96419.75 78561.56 42110.77 42785.68 27850.52 12349.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.22 22.66 97.06 251.40 667.31 460.98 197 4.83 5505.14 957 6.66 14993-70 22554 .47 27529-00 33515. 49 40259-48 61875.97 76210.94 8866 3-75 74559-62 42480.81 44931.32 32707.82 29716.70 13177.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2. 12 8. 16 37.85 105.59 300.29 225.88 104 6.66 3137.93 5841.76 9692.43 15370.84 19732.93 25233.12 32186.20 51931.79 66426.50 79387.87 68622.37 41560. I'l 45331.48 35820.98 34899.50 31707.84 14060. 13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.68 2.77 13-63 41. 18 126. 12 101.65 512.86 1663. 10 3329.80 5912.38 9935.87 13450.74 18088.45 24232.26 41518.70 55742.74 69193.56 61475-60 38982.82 44343.81 37129-48 38221.25 37237.90 33832.36 15002. 18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 00 0. 20 0.89 4.63 14.82 49. 19 4 2.69 230.79 814.92 1764.80 3370.06 6060.87 8696.50 12330.63 17370.95 31259.20 44562.21 58070.66 53591.64 35315.31 4 1593-86 36934.90 396 17.42 40782.21 397 32.96 36099. 18 4685.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 06 0.27 1 .48 5.04 17-71 16.65 96.93 366. 71 864.75 1786.13 3454.70 5304.36 7972.83 11341.50 22408.72 33548. 14 46423.95 44977. 12 30864.00 37680.71 35072.34 39463. 14 42271-93 43514.77 42395.13 18920.95 4998.95 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.44 1.61 6.02 5.99 37.30 154.02 389. 14 875-20 1830.99 3023-77 4C6 3.42 7056.55 15275.99 24047.83 34050 - 21 35957.87 25946.06 32931.29 31973-12 37422.45 42107.29 45 104.30 46430.31 26693.66 20188.68 5333-89 0.00 0.00 0.02 0 . 12 0.43 1.93 2 .04 13-61 60.07 163-44 393-04 397 - 19 1602.60 2772. 15 4670.49 9377.45 16392. 16 25053-23 27071-91 20760.37 27683-92 27982.35 34115-56 39929.86 44928.64 48126.36 32179.12 28482.18 2154 1 .31 5691 .27 57-67 267237.6 213038.9 163322.7 119821 .2 83873-0 561 10.4 35769.5 21640.0 12353-9 6610.4 3301-3 1532.7 68-72 406199-5 385189.4 357021 .9 322536.7 282566.9 239390.8 195510.4 153032.9 114219.4 81076 .0 54867 .6 35314.9 7 3-74 149428. 1 188264.4 187612.3 182982.7 174981.3 163223.4 148010.2 130674. 1 111662.2 91401 . 1 70908. 1 52125. 1 75-85 0.0 17109.4 54735.6 90597.5 125096.6 163018.8 203379.9 244749.6 274810.6 295181 .7 314130-8 331420.7 57-85 622865.1 803602.0 762692.4 715938.2 666517.7 621743.2 582670.1 550096.6 513046.1 474269.2 443207.6 ------- VEHICULAR EMISSION BATE OF CO IM TONS/YEAR MODEL YEAR 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1957 178.56 234.49 105.52 14.32 17.28 1958 1183.91 627.47 307.46 138.36 58.11 1959 3169- 18 1977.43 1048.01 513.51 2 31.09 1960 6186.93 3774.03 2151 . 19 1140. 13 558.66 1961 11133. 15 7390.09 1507-95 2569.53 1361.85 1962 5677.26 3369.43 250 1 .48 1525.91 869-77 1963 17932.53 12889.19 8785.25 5679.71 3464.62 1964 37976 .40 28584.34 20485.58 13961. 18 9021.84 1965 50417 .66 40297.43 30331.56 21737.90 14814.74 1966 60326.75 51024.74 40783.00 30697-36 22000.28 1967 71605.31 62370.38 52315-78 11013.13 31171.79 1968 69377. 19 62543.30 54511.23 45712.65 30265.60 1969 69495.37 63961.39 57299.93 49951.51 36564.93 1970 70331 ¦44 66744.37 61426.81 55027.98 38255.65 197 1 93538. 19 90576.00 86020.31 79204.87 57599. 18 1972 102907.30 101364.30 97763.69 92609.75 66006. 12 1973 106145.20 106911-10 105408.50 101733-90 76681.94 1974 13232.81 81350.31 82203.81 81248.81 65892.31 1975 0 .00 17109.12 36480.22 40099.82 28982.95 197 6 0 .00 0.00 18255.10 38923.61 31793.65 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1574. 18 20580.80 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1 1545.31 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 O.OO 1930 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1931 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1982 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 00 0.00 1933 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1934 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1935 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ol 57-67 267237.6 213038.9 163322.7 119821 .2 83873.0 68-72 406199.5 385189.4 357021.9 322536.7 228691.4 73-71 149428. 1 188264.4 137612.3 182982.7 142574.2 75-85 0.0 17109.4 54735.6 90597.5 92902.7 57-85 822865.1 803602.0 762692.4 715938.2 518041.2 WITH ANNUAL I/H 1979 1980 1931 1932 1933 1934 1985 6.22 22. 66 97.06 251-«0 667-31 U60.98 1971-83 5505- 14 9576 .66 11993- 70 22551-17 22770.00 29211 -75 32062.02 50108.59 58593-10 69519-87 61119-55 27689.83 30921.20 20979 -31 21959-86 12318.92 0 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 56110.1 192715.7 130639.1 113872.1 193367.1 2. 12 8. 16 37.85 105.59 300.29 225.88 1016.66 3137.93 5811.76 9692.13 15370.81 16311.07 21977.26 25615.00 11996. 11 50972.55 61713.69 55115.23 26011.93 29511.18 20875.11 22385. 12 23131.25 13111.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 35769.5 156871.9 117128.9 135125.1 115195.6 0.68 2.77 13.63 11.18 126. 12 101 .65 512.86 1663.10 3329.80 5912.30 9935.87 11 111.06 15713.29 19271.75 33501.65 127 19.61 53687.17 19195.15 23832.38 27789.10 20281.75 22271.21 23885.01 25001.22 11025.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21610.0 122397.3 102882.3 157091.9 101011.5 0.20 0.89 1.63 11.82 19. 19 42.G9 230.79 814.92 1761.80 3370.06 6060.07 7179. 14 10724.35 13305.55 2524 3-02 31129-41 41991.85 42797.23 21276.01 25428.66 19321.35 21643.98 23766.66 25185-38 26676.34 3642.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 12353.9 91031 .1 87792.1 167240.6 358467 .8 0.06 0.27 1. 48 5.04 17.71 16.65 96. 93 366.71 864 .75 1786. 13 3451.70 4379.23 6929.31 9104.59 18083-18 25677.54 35947.20 35868.37 18532.78 22701. 10 17824.08 20616.02 23094.21 25359. 12 27192.95 8866.83 3886.48 0.00 0.00 6610.4 64473-9 71815.6 168073-1 310973. 1 0.01 0.07 0.44 1.61 6.02 5.99 37.60 154.02 339-14 375.20 1830.99 2496. 19 4226.88 6'J76 .73 12318.61 18394.34 27045 . 18 28055.93 15545.56 19774.11 15439.88 19018.43 21997.35 2464 1 .60 27053.21 1 On 7 3¦02 9460.92 4146.68 0.00 3301 .3 43512.7 55701.2 163105.7 270620.7 0.00 0.02 0. 12 0.48 1 .93 2.04 13-61 60.07 163.44 393-84 897. 19 1322.98 2409.32 3706.80 7959.62 12530.50 19374 - 10 21559-66 12424.96 16586.79 13943.66 17061.32 20292.71 23471 -26 26292-63 1 1509-21 11174.73 10094.82 4424.73 1532.7 27929.2 40933¦0 167276.6 ------- VEHICULAR EMISSION RATE OF CO IN TONS/YEAR Willi SEMI-ANNUAL I/H MODEL ifEAR 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1932 1933 1931 1935 1957 1953 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1961 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1971 1975 1976 1977 1973 1979 1930 1931 1982 198 3 1981 1935 173.56 1103-91 3169.13 6186 .93 11133.15 5677.26 17982.53 37976 .10 50117.66 60826.75 71605-31 69377.19 69195.37 70331.11 93583.19 102907.30 106115.20 13282.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 .00 0.00 0.00 231.19 627.17 1977.13 3771.03 7390.09 3869.13 12839 ¦ 19 23581.31 10297.13 51021.71 62370.33 62513.30 6396 1 .39 66711.37 90576.00 101361.30 106911. 10 81350.31 17109.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oc 0.00 0. 00 0.00 105.52 307.16 1010.01 2151. 19 1507.95 2501.18 8785.25 20185.58 30331.56 10783.00 52315.73 51511.23 57299-93 61126.81 86020.31 97763-69 105108.50 82203.81 36180.22 18255.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 00 0.00 11.32 138.36 513.51 1110. 13 2569.53 1525.91 5679-71 13961. 18 21737.90 30697-36 11813.13 15712-65 19951.51 55027-93 79201.87 92609.75 101733-90 81213.81 10099.82 38923.61 11571. 1B 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.28 58. 1 1 231.09 558.66 1361.85 869.77 3161.62 9021.81 11811.71 22000.28 31171.79 30265.60 36561.93 38255.65 57599. 18 66006. 12 76681.91 65U92.31 28932.95 31793-65 20580.80 11515.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0. 00 0.00 6 .22 22.66 97 .06 251 .10 667-31 460.98 1971-83 5505.11 9576.66 11993.70 22551.17 22770.00 29211.75 32062.02 50103.59 58593.10 69519 87 611 19.55 27689.83 30921.20 20979.31 2195986 12318.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 .00 0.00 0.00 2. 12 8. 16 37.85 105.59 300.29 225.83 1016.66 3137.93 5811.76 9692.13 15370.81 16311.07 21977.26 25615.00 11996. 11 50972.55 61713-69 55115.23 26011.93 29511.18 20875.11 22385 . 12 23131.25 13111. 0. • 31 .00 0.00 0.00 0. 00 0.00 0.63 2.77 13.63 11.18 126.12 101.65 512.86 1663. 10 3329.80 5912.38 9935.87 11111.06 15713.29 19271.75 33551.65 12719.61 53687.17 19195.15 238 32.38 27789 .10 20281.75 22271.21 23885.01 25001.22 11025.02 0.00 0 .00 0.00 0.00 0.20 0. 89 '1.63 11. S2 19. 19 12.69 230.79 8 11.92 1761.80 3370.06 6060.87 7179 • 11 10721.35 13305.55 25213.02 31129.11 11991.85 1279 7-23 21276.01 25123.66 19321.35 21613.93 23766.66 25185.33 26676.31 3612 .13 0.00 0. 00 0.00 0.06 0.27 1 .18 5.01 17.71 16.65 96.93 366.71 361.75 1780 . 13 3151 . 70 1379.28 6929.31 9101 .59 18083. 18 25677-51 35917.20 35360.37 165 32.78 2270 1 . 10 17321 .03 20616.02 23091.21 25359.12 27192.95 8866.33 3386.18 0. 00 0.00 0.01 0. 07 0.11 1.61 6.02 5 .99 37.80 151.02 389 . 11 375.20 1830.99 2196. 19 1226.83 0076.73 12318.61 1M91. 31 27015• 18 2 o o 5 5.93 15515.56 19771. 1 1 15939 .83 19018.13 21997.35 21611.60 27058.21 10173-02 9160.92 1116.83 0.00 0.00 0.02 0 . 12 0.18 1 .93 2 .01 13-61 60.07 I63.il 393-81 397 . 19 1322.98 2109.32 3706.80 7959.62 12530.50 19371. 10 21559.66 12121.96 16506.79 13913.66 17061.32 20292.71 2317 1 .26 26292.63 1 1509.21 11171.73 10091-82 1121.73 57-67 68-72 73-71 75-85 267237-6 106199-5 119128-1 0.0 213038.9 385189.1 188261.1 17109.1 163322.7 357021 .9 187612.3 51735.6 119321.2 322536.7 182932.7 90597.5 83873-0 228691.1 112571-2 92902.7 56110.1 192715.7 130639-1 113872.1 35769-5 156871 .9 117128.9 135125.1 21610.0 122397.3 102882.3 157091.9 12353.9 91031.1 87792. 1 167210.6 6610.1 61173.9 71815.6 168073-1 3301.3 13512.7 55701.2 168105.7 1532.7 27929.2 10933-8 167276.6 57-85 ------- VEHICULAR EMISSION RATE OF CO IN TONS/YEAR WITH AUNUAL I/H & RETROFIT MODEL YEAR 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1932 1933 1934 1985 1957 1958 1959 1960 196 1 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 197 1 1972 1973 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 198 1 1932 1933 478.56 1183.91 3«69.18 6186.93 11f33. 15 5677.26 17982-53 37976 .to 50^17.66 60326.75 71605.31 69877. 19 69195.37 70331. 44 93588. 19 231.19 627.47 1977.43 3774.03 7390.09 3869.43 12389. 19 23584.31 40297.43 51024.74 62370.38 62543.30 6396 1.39 66744.37 90576.00 105.52 307.46 1048.04 2151 .19 4507.95 2501 .48 8785.25 20485.58 30331.56 40783.00 52315.78 54511.23 57299.93 61426.81 86020.31 44.32 138.36 513-54 1140.13 2569.53 1525.91 5679-71 13961.18 21737.90 30697.36 41013.43 45742.65 49951 .54 55027.98 79204.87 102907-30 101364.30 97763.69 92609.75 106145.20 106911.10 105408.50 101733-90 43282.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 81350.31 17109.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 82203.81 36480.22 18255.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 81248.81 40099.82 38923.61 11574. 18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.28 58.11 231.09 558.66 1361.85 869.77 3464.62 9024.84 14814.74 22000.28 31471 .79 17190.86 20768.87 21729-21 32716.32 37491 .49 47696. 18 40985-05 28982-95 31793.65 20580.80 115t5.3l 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.22 22.66 97 .06 251 .40 667-31 460.98 1971-83 5505.14 9576.66 1499370 22554 • 17 12933.36 16592.27 18211.23 28161.67 33281 .05 43211-39 38016.35 27689.83 30924.20 20979.31 21959.86 12318.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2. 12 8.16 37-85 105.59 300.29 225.8b 1046.66 3137.93 5841.76 9692.43 15370.84 9264.68 12483.09 14549.32 23353.80 28952.41 38385.91 34468.27 26044.93 29544.48 20875.41 22385. 12 23131 .25 13141.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.68 2.77 13-63 11 . 18 126. 12 101.65 512.66 1663.10 3329.80 5912.38 9935.87 6311.03 8942. 18 10946.35 19057-33 24264.75 33393-41 30599.37 23832.38 27789.10 20234.75 22274.21 23885.01 25001.22 14025.02 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.89 1.63 14.82 19. 19 42.69 230.79 814.92 1764.80 3370.06 6060.87 4077-75 6091•43 784 1.55 14333.03 19385-50 27936.79 26619-87 21276.04 25428.66 19321.35 21643-93 2 3766.66 25485.38 26676.34 3642.43 0.00 0.06 0.27 1 .48 5.04 17.. 7 I 16.65 96.93 366.71 864.75 1736. 13 3454 .70 2487.43 3935-85 534 1 .80 10271.25 14584,d4 22359-15 22310.12 18532.78 22701.10 17824.03 20616.02 23094.21 25359. 12 27192.95 8866.83 3836.48 0.01 0.07 0.44 1.61 6.02 5.99 37.80 154.02 389- 14 875.20 1830.99 14 17-83 2 400.87 3451.53 6996.97 10447-93 16822 . 10 17d24.01 15545.56 19774.11 15939 .83 19013.43 21997.35 24641.60 27053.21 10473.02 9460.92 0.00 0.02 0. 12 0.48 1.93 2 .04 13.61 60.07 163-44 393-84 097-19 751 -45 1368 .49 2105-46 4521.07 7117-32 12050.68 134 10.11 12424.96 16586.79 13943.66 170o1.32 20292.71 23471.26 26292.63 1 1509-21 1 1 174.73 1934 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4146.88 10094.82 1935 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 .00 0 .00 4424.73 57-67 267237.6 213038.9 163322.7 119821.2 83873.0 56110.4 35769.5 21610.0 12353.9 6610.1 3301.3 1532.7 68-72 106199.5 385189.4 357021 .9 322536.7 129896.7 109479.5 89103.2 69521.7 51731.3 36621 .2 24715.2 15863-8 73-74 149428.1 188264.4 187612.3 182982.7 88681.2 81257.7 72854-1 63992.8 51606.7 11669.3 34f '4 6.1 25460.8 75-85 0.0 17109.4 54735.6 90597.5 92902.7 113372.1 135125.1 157091.9 167210.6 16807 3 -1 163105.7 167276.6 57-85 822865.1 803602.0 762692.4 715938.2 395353.1 360719.5 333152. 1 312246.2 285935.2 255974. 1 230768.3 ------- VEHICULAR EMISSION RATE OF CO IN TONS/YEAR MODEL YEAR 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1957 478.56 231.19 105.52 44.32 17.28 1953 1183.91 627.47 307.16 138.36 58. 11 1959 3469. 18 1977.43 1018.01 513.54 231.09 1960 6186.93 3774.03 2151 . 19 1140. 13 558.66 1961 1 1433. 15 7390.09 1507.95 2569.53 1361.85 1962 5677.26 3869.43 250 1 .18 1525.91 869.77 1963 17932.53 12389. 19 8785.25 5679-71 3464.62 1964 37976 .40 23584.34 2 0485.58 13961 . 18 9024.84 1965 504 17.66 40297.43 30331.56 21737.90 14814.74 1966 60826.75 51024.74 40783.00 30697.36 22000.28 1967 71605.31 62370.38 52315.73 41813.43 31471.79 1968 69877. 19 62543.30 5451 1.23 45742.65 17190.86 1969 69495.37 63961.39 57299.93 49951.54 20768.87 1970 70331.44 66744.37 61426.81 55027-93 21729.21 1971 93588.19 90576.00 86020.31 79204.87 32716.32 1972 102907.30 101364.30 97763.69 92609.75 37191.49 1973 106145.20 106914. 10 105408.50 101733.90 47696.18 1974 43232.81 81350.31 82203.81 81248.81 10985.05 1975 0.00 17109.42 36480.22 40099 .82 28932.95 1976 0.00 0.00 18255.40 38923.61 31793.65 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 11574. 18 20580.80 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 11515.31 1979 n.oo 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1930 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1931 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1932 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1933 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1934 0 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1935 0 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CJ\ O 57-67 267237.6 68-72 1(06199.5 73-71 149428.1 75-85 0.0 213033.9 163322.7 385189.4 357021.9 188264.4 187612.3 17109.4 54735.6 119321.2 83873.0 322536.7 129896.7 182932.7 88681.2 90597.5 92902.7 57-85 822365.1 803602.0 762692.4 715938.2 395353-1 WITH SEUI-ANSIUAL I/K & RETROFIT 1979 1930 1981 1932 1933 1934 1935 6.22 22.66 97.06 251.40 667.31 4 60.93 1974.83 5505 . 14 9576.66 14993-70 22554.47 12933-36 16592.27 18211.23 28461.67 33231 .05 43241. 39 380 16.35 27639.83 30924.20 20979.31 21959-86 12313.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 56 110.4 109179.5 81257.7 113072. 1 360719.5 2. 12 8. 16 37.85 105.59 300.29 225.88 1046.66 3137.93 5841.76 9692.43 15370.84 9264.68 12483.09 14549-32 23853-80 28952.41 38385.91 34468.27 26044.93 29544.48 20875.41 22385.12 23431 - 25 13144 . 3'l 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 35769.5 89103-2 72854.1 135425.4 333152. 1 0.68 2.77 13.63 41.18 126. 12 101.65 512.06 1663. 10 3329.80 5912.38 9935.87 6311.08 89M2.18 10946.35 19057.33 24264 .75 33393.11 30599.37 23832.38 27709.40 20281.75 22274.21 23885.01 25001.22 11025.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21610.0 69521.7 63992.8 157091.9 312246.2 0.20 0.39 4 .63 14 .(12 49. 19 42.69 230.79 814 .92 1764.80 3370.06 6060.87 4077-75 6091 -43 7841.55 14333.03 19335.50 27936.79 26619.87 21276.04 25428.66 19321-35 2164 3.93 23766.66 254135 • 38 26676.34 3642.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 12353-9 51734.3 54606.7 167240.6 235935.2 0.06 0.27 1 .48 5.04 17.71 16 .65 96.93 366.71 864 .75 1786 . 13 3454 .70 2487 .43 3935.35 5311.30 10271.25 14584.84 22359.15 22310.12 18532-73 2270 1 . 10 17824.08 20616.02 23094.21 25359.12 27192.95 8366 .83 3386.48 0.00 0.00 6610.4 36621 .2 44669.3 168073.4 255974. 1 0.01 0.07 0.44 1.61 6.02 5.99 37.SO 154.02 339 . 14 875.20 1830.99 1417.83 2400 .87 3451.58 6996.97 10447.93 16322. 10 17324.01 15545.56 19774 . 1 1 15939.83 19018.43 21997.35 24641.60 27058.21 10473-02 9460.92 4 14b.83 0.00 3301.3 24715.2 34646.1 163105.7 230768.3 0.00 0.02 0 . 12 0.48 1 .93 2 .04 13.61 60.07 163.44 393-84 397. 19 75 1 . 45 1363.49 2105.46 4521 .07 7117.32 12050.63 13410. 1 1 12424.96 16586.79 13943-66 17061.32 20292.71 2347 1 .26 26292.63 1 1509.21 1 1174.73 10094.82 4424.73 1532.7 15863.3 25460.8 167276.6 ------- VEHICULAR EMISSION RATE OF NOX IN TONS/YEAR MODEL YEAR 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1957 9.58 4 .69 2.11 0.89 0.35 1958 28.02 14.85 7.28 3.27 1.38 1959 35.71 20.35 10.79 5.29 2.38 I960 86 .34 52.67 30.02 15.91 7.80 1961 133.85 09-69 54.71 31-19 16.53 1962 116.36 79-25 51 . 19 31.23 17 .80 1963 314.73 225.40 153-50 99 - 15 60.48 1964 557.83 419.57 300.47 201.63 132.18 1965 644 .49 514.75 387.16 277.27 188.83 1966 973-95 815.79 651.56 490.07 350.96 1967 1041.72 896.66 751.05 599.85 451. 18 1963 ¦ 1806.83 1575-04 1359.05 1138.35 909.19 1969 2264 .62 2015. 13 1759-60 1519.62 1272.86 1970 2346.81 2129.85 1894.76 1651.08 1428.31 1971 3221 .03 2967.31 2691.49 2393-07 2087 .90 1972 3330.01 3118.10 2871.99 2601.10 2314.51 1973 2553.97 2487.20 2328.92 2139.07 1928.40 1974 1016.71 1900.52 1855.29 1737.23 1594.36 1975 0 .00 1239.81 2296. 11 22 33.11 2091.23 1976 0.00 0.00 1322.85 2119.90 2333.00 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 1460.89 2699.55 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1558.78 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1930 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 193 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1932 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1933 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0 0.00 1934 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1985 0 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 57-67 3917.6 3133.7 2399.8 1758.7 1229.9 68-72 12969.3 11805.4 10576.9 9309.2 6012.6 73-74 3570.7 4387.7 1181.2 3876.3 3522.8 75-85 0.0 1239.8 3619.0 6114.2 8732.6 57-85 20187.6 20566.6 20779.9 21088.5 21498.0 UITll HO CONTROL STRATEGY 1979 1980 1981 1982 1933 1931 1935 0. 12 0.51 1 .00 3-51 8. 10 9.43 31 .48 80.63 121.97 239.01 323- 11 633-SU 1016.61 1196.37 1802.39 20 18.60 1703.77 1135.01 1921-56 2231-35 2623-56 2880.14 1663-22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 821 .9 6717.8 3138.0 11320.1 21998.6 0.04 0. 19 0.39 1 .17 3.61 1.62 18.27 15-96 71.40 154.39 220.05 489.74 764.64 955.53 1509.71 1742.23 1476.81 1265.72 1733.70 2050.26 2456.60 2799.36 3073.44 1771.66 0 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 523-4 5461.8 2742.5 13888.0 22615.8 0.01 0.07 0. 14 0.57 1.53 2.08 8.95 21.36 42.41 91.18 142. 14 333-52 547.60 718.69 1205.78 1459-32 1270.59 1095. 19 1533.03 1049.82 2257.87 2621.22 2986.93 3279.37 1893-57 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 316.4 4264.9 2365.8 16421.8 23368.9 0.00 0.02 0 . 0=5 0.21 O.bO 0.87 4 .03 11 .91 22.18 53-68 86.71 215-14 372.93 511.70 906.92 1165-54 1064.26 941 .40 1329-97 1635.71 2038.32 2409. 17 2796.85 3187.06 3199-09 2020.13 0.00 0 .00 0.00 180.6 3175-5 2005-7 18916.6 24273.3 0.00 0.01 0 .02 0.07 0.21 0.31 1.69 5.37 11.01 23. 45 49 • 42 131-42 240.89 350.52 649.50 876.65 850.02 783.53 1144.77 1119.05 1Q03.48 2174.90 2570.59 2931.25 3400 .60 3733 .^1 2155.80 0.00 0.00 96.6 2249.0 1633.5 21386.9 25371. 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.07 0 . 12 0.66 2.26 4.96 13.94 26. 19 74.91 14b.95 226.42 442.32 b27.32 635-33 629.79 953 -33 1221.45 1565-58 1924 .33 2320.03 2742.33 3134.19 3623.42 3933.66 2300 .21 0.00 48.2 1518.4 1269- 1 23330.2 26665 • 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.24 0.83 2 .03 6.27. 12.83 39.70 63.76 133.12 235.72 427.50 157.86 473.69 765•34 1023.10 1343.01 1670.49 2053.27 2476 . 12 2926.60 3397 .52 3871.53 4250.57 2454.36 22.4 974 .9 931 -6 26237.4 ------- MODEL YEAR VEHICULAR EMISSION RATE OF NOX IN TONS/YEAR 1971 1975 1976 197T 1978 1957 9.58 4.69 2.11 0.89 0.35 1958 23.02 14 .85 7.28 3.27 1.38 1959 35-71 20.35 10.79 5.29 2.38 I960 86.34 52.67 30.02 15.91 7.80 1961 138.85 89.69 54.71 31. 19 16.53 1962 116.36 79.25 51 . 19 31 .23 17.80 1963 314.73 225.40 153-50 99. 15 60.48 1964 557.83 419.57 300.47 204.63 132.18 1965 641 .49 514.75 387. 16 277.27 188.83 1966 97 3-95 815.79 651.56 490.07 350.96 1967 104 1 .72 896.66 751.05 599.85 451.18 1968 1806.83 1575.01 1359.05 1138.35 933.47 1969 2261 .62 2015. 13 1759.60 1519.62 1261.77 1970 2346.84 2129.85 1894.76 1654.08 1423.21 1971 3221.03 2967.31 2691.49 2393-07 2101.37 1972 3330.01 3118.10 2371.99 2604. 10 2338.30 1973 2553-97 2487.20 2323.92 2139.07 1834.42 1974 1016.71 1900.52 1855.29 1737.23 1538.60 1975 0 .00 1239.81 2296. 11 2233-41 2021.98 1976 0.00 0.00 1322.85 2449.90 2304.03 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 1460.89 2630.29 1973 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1544.54 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1930 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1981 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1982 0.00 0.00 0.00 O.OO 0.00 1983 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1981 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1935 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 57-67 3947.6 3133.7 2399.8 1758.7 1229.9 68-72 12969-3 11805.4 10576.9 9309.2 8058.1 73-74 3570.7 4387.7 4184.2 3876.3 3373-0 75-85 0.0 1239.8 3619 • 0 6144.2 8500.8 57-35 20487.6 20566.6 20779-9 21088.5 21161.9 WITH ANNUAL I/M 1979 1980 1981 1932 0. 12 0.51 1 .00 3-51 8. 10 9.13 31. t8 80.63 121.97 239.01 323. 1 1 702. 10 1007-76 1192.12 1817.14 2017.29 1628.24 1391-96 1862.06 2157.11 2539.31 2806.54 1618.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 821 .9 6766.7 3020.2 11013.3 21622.2 0.04 0.19 0.39 1.47 3-64 4 .62 18 .27 45.96 74 .40 154.39 220.05 502.81 757.98 952. 13 1522.31 1770.49 1418. 11 1234.31 1687.76 1986.78 2377.71 2709.46 2994.58 1758.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 523-4 5505.7 2652.4 13514.7 22196.3 0.01 0.07 0. 14 0.57 1.53 2.08 8.95 24.36 42.41 94.18 112. 14 342.43 512.83 716. 14 1215.85 1482.98 122 3-09 1073-95 1499.52 1800.81 2190. 14 2537.04 2091.00 3195.23 1876.28 0.00 0.00 0 .00 0.00 316.4 4300.2 2297.0 15990.0 22903.7 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.21 0.60 0.87 1 .03 11.94 22 . 48 53-68 86 .71 221 .19 369 • t>8 512.87 914.50 1181.41 1024.18 925.78 1307.31 1599 .96 19d6.02 2336.89 2707.0 i 3081.71 3409-32 2001.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 180.6 3202.7 1950.3 18133.2 23766.7 1933 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.21 0 . 34 1 .69 5.37 11.01 28 .15 49 . 42 134.93 233.80 349.27 654.92 890.87 818.21 775.45 1123 . 11 1394.88 1765.34 2119.10 2193.17 23d8.11 3291.39 3637.*2 2136 . 1 1 0.00 0.00 96.6 2263.8 1593-7 20854.5 24813.6 1934 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.07 0. 12 0.66 2.26 4 .96 13-94 26 . 19 76 -91 145.67 225.62 416.01 638.00 615.43 619.34 944.92 1203.67 1539.78 1833-63 TJO1.09 2660.51 3081.91 3511 .89 3881 .15 2279.21 0.00 18.2 1532.2 1234.8 23248.1 26063-3 1935 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.21 0.88 2 .03 6.27 12.83 40.76 33.03 137.63 233. 11 134.49 140 .74 165.83 754-69 1008.21 1329.03 1642.9b 2009.63 2112.59 2838.80 3238.11 3747 - 20 4111 .52 2431.95 22.4 984 .0 906 .6 25605-2 ------- VEHICULAR EMISSION HATE OF NOX IN TONS/IfEAR WITH SEMI-ANNUAL I/M MODEL JEAR 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1931 1982 1933 '931 1935 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1961 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1930 1931 1932 1933 9-58 28.02 35.71 86.31 1 38.85 I 16.36 311-73 557.83 6It. 19 97 3-95 1011.72 1806.83 2261.62 2316.81 3221 .03 3330.01 2553-97 1016.71 0 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.69 11.85 20.35 52.67 89.69 79.25 225.10 119.57 511.75 815-79 896.66 1575.01 2015.13 2129.85 2967.31 3118. 10 2187.20 1900.52 1239.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.11 7.28 10.79 30-02 51.71 51.19 153-50 300.17 337. 16 651.56 751.05 1359-05 1759.60 1891.76 2691.19 2871 .99 2323.92 1855.29 2296.11 1322.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.89 3.27 5.29 15.91 31. 19 31.23 99. 15 201.63 277.27 190.07 599.85 1138.35 1519.62 1651.08 2393.07 2601. 10 2139.07 1737.23 22 33.11 2119.90 1160.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.35 1 .38 2.38 7.80 16.53 17.80 60.18 132.18 188.83 350.96 151.18 937.52 1259.92 1122.39 2103.61 2312.26 1818.76 1529.31 2010.13 2290.37 2618.71 1512. 17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.51 1 .00 3.51 8. 10 9.13 31.18 60.63 121.97 239.01 323.11 705.15 1006.28 1191.11 1819.95 2052.07 1615.66 1 381.78 1852. 11 2115.09 2525.26 2791.22 1615.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0. 19 0.39 1 .17 3.61 1.62 18.27 15.96 71.10 151.39 220.05 501.99 756.87 951.57 1521.11 1775.20 1108.33 1229.08 1680.11 1976.20 2361.56 2691.18 2981 .11 1755.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.07 0. 11 0.57 1.53 2.08 8.95 21. 36 12.11 91. 18 112.11 313.91 512.01 715.71 1217.53 1186.93 1215.18 1070.11 1193-91 1792.61 2178.85 2523-01 2875.02 3181.21 1873.10 0.00 0.00 0. 00 0.02 0 .05 0.21 0.60 0.87 1.03 11 .91 22.1cJ 53.68 86.71 222.15 369. 11 512.56 915.76 1187.59 1017.85 923. 18 1303.51 1591.00 1977.31 2321.85 2692.06 3067.65 3391.35 1993.90 0.00 0.00 0.01 0 .02 0.07 0.21 0.31 1 .69 5.37 11.01 28.15 ¦19.12 135.51 233.15 319.06 655.82 893.21 312.91 77 3.27 1125.33 1390.85 1758.98 2109.80 2180.62 2372.11 3273-19 3621 .3 6 2132.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.07 0. 12 0.06 2.26 1.96 13-91 26. 19 77.2'! 115.15 225.18 116.63 639.70 611 .15 617.60 912.59 1200.70 1535.18 1376.81 2251. 17 2616.83 3061.89 3192.17 3361.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0 . 21 0 . d8 2.03 6.27 12.83 10.91 32.91 137.51 288.50 135.65 137.89 161.52 752.81 1005.72 1325.87 1638.37 2002.60 2102.00 2821. 17 3270.22 3726.17 1931 0 .00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2275-71 1123.31 1935 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2128.22 57-67 3917.6 3133-7 2399.8 1758.7 1229.9 821 .9 523.1 316.1 180.6 96.6 18.2 22.1 68-72 12969.3 11805.1 10576.9 9309.2 8065.7 6771.9 5513.0 1306.1 3207.2 2272. 1 1531.5 985.5 73-71 3570.7 1387.7 1181.2 3876.3 3318.1 3000.1 2637.1 2285.6 191 1 .0 1586.2 1229.0 902.1 75-85 0.0 1239 8 3619.0 6111.2 8162.2 10962.2 13152.5 15918.0 18352.6 20765-8 23151.1 25199.8 57-85 20187 .6 20566.6 20779.9 21088.5 21105.6 21559.1 22126.1 22826.2 23631 .1 21720.7 25962.9 ------- VEHICULAR EMISSION RATE OF HOX IN TONS/YEAR WITH ANNUAL I/I! 4 RETROFIT MODEL YEAR 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1957 9-53 4.69 2.11 0.89 0.35 0. 12 0.04 0.01 0.00 1958 23.02 14.85 7.28 3.27 1.33 0.54 0. 19 0.07 0.02 1959 35-71 20. 35 10.79 5.29 2.33 1 .00 0.39 0. 14 0.05 1960 86 . 31 52.67 30.02 15.91 7 .80 3-51 1.47 0.57 0.21 1961 138.85 89.69 54.71 31 • 19 16.53 6. 10 3.64 1.53 0.60 1962 116.36 79.25 51.19 31 -23 17.80 9.43 4.62 2.08 0.07 1963 314.73 225.40 153-50 99-15 60.48 34.48 18.27 8.95 4 .03 1961 557.83 419.57 300.47 204.63 132. 18 80.63 4 5.96 24 . 36 11 .91 1965 614 .49 514.75 337.16 277.27 183.83 121.97 74.40 42.41 22.48 1966 97 3-95 815.79 651 .56 490.07 350.96 239.01 154.39 94. 18 53-63 '1967 1041.72 896.66 751.05 599-85 451.18 323- 11 220.05 142.11 86.71 1968 1806.63 1575.04 1359.05 1133-35 689.83 518.85 371.58 253-05 163.16 1969 2264.62 2015- 13 1759.60 1519.62 932.45 744.73 560. 15 101.15 273- 19 1970 2346.84 2129.85 1894.76 1654.08 1051.77 880.98 703.63 529.23 379.01 1971 3221.03 2967-31 2691.49 2393.07 1552.91 1343.09 1124.99 898.52 675-81 1972 3330.01 3118.10 2871 .99 2604 .10 1728.00 1512.94 1308.39 1095.92 875.30 1973 2553.97 2487.20 2328.92 2139.07 22 30.65 1979.94 1724.42 1437.28 1245.76 1974 1016.71 1900.52 1855.29 1737.23 1870.94 1692.62 1500.92 1305.92 1 125.75 1975 0 .00 1239-81 2296. 11 2233-41 2021.98 1862.06 1687.76 1499.52 1307.31 1976 0.00 0.00 1322.85 2449.90 2304.03 2157.41 1986.78 1300.81 1599.96 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 1460.89 2630.29 2539-31 2377.71 2190. 14 1936.02 1978 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1544 .54 2806.54 2709.46 2537.04 2336.39 1979 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1648.04 2994.58 2891.00 2707.03 1980 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1758.46 3195.23 3034.71 193 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1876.28 3409.32 1932 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2001.98 1983 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1981 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1935 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 .00 1933 1984 1965 0.00 0.01 0 .02 0.07 0.21 0 . 3^ 1 .69 5.37 11.01 23.45 49."2 99 - 71 176.17 258.11 183-99 658.35 994.98 912.9'l 1128.11 1391.88 1765.31 2119.10 21)93-17 2883.11 3291-39 3637.72 2136.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.07 0 . 12 0.66 2.26 1.96 13-91 26. 19 56.01 107.65 166.73 329.60 171 .18 718.36 753- 12 911.92 1203¦67 1539.78 1383.63 2261.09 2650.51 3081 .91 3511.09 3881 .15 2279.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 O.OH 0.21 0.68 2.08 6.27 12.33 30. 12 6 1 .36 101.71 212.91 321.09 535.91 566.15 751.69 1003.21 1329.03 1612.96 2009.83 2112.59 2338.80 3288.11 3717.20 1111.52 2131.95 57-67 68-72 73-71 75-85 57-85 3917.6 12969.3 3570.7 0.0 3133.7 11805.1 1387.7 1239.8 2399.8 10576.9 1184.2 36 19.0 1758.7 9309.2 3876.3 6114.2 1229.9 5955.0 1101.6 8500.8 321 .9 5000.6 3672.6 11013.3 523.1 1068.7 3225.3 13511.7 316.4 3177.9 2793-2 15990.0 180.6 2366.3 2371 -5 18133.2 96.6 1676.6 1937-9 20854.5 48.2 1132.3 150 1. 5 23218.1 22.4 727.2 1102.1 25605.2 ------- MODEL YtAR VEHICULAR EMISSION RATE OF NOX IN TONS/YEAR 1971 1975 1976 1977 1978 1957 9.58 4.69 2.11 0.89 0.35 1958 28.02 14.85 7.28 3.27 1 .38 1959 35.71 20.35 10.79 5.29 2.38 1960 86.34 52.67 30.02 15.91 7.80 196 1 138.85 89.69 54 .71 31.19 16.53 1962 116.36 79.25 51 . 19 31.23 17.80 1963 314.73 225.40 153.50 99. 15 60.48 1964 557.83 419.57 300.47 201.63 1 32.18 1965 644.49 514.75 387. 16 277.27 188.83 1966 97 3.95 815.79 651.56 490.07 350.96 1967 1041.72 896.66 751.05 599.85 451.18 1968 1806.83 1575.04 1359.05 1138.35 692.82 1969 2264.62 2015. 13 1759.60 1519.62 931.08 1970 2346.01 2129.85 1894 .76 1654.08 1051 .15 1971 3221.03 2967.31 2691 .49 2393.07 1554.57 1972 3330.01 3118. 10 287 1.99 2604. 10 1730.93 1973 2553.97 2487 .20 2328.92 2139-07 2211 .61 1974 1016.71 1900.52 1855.29 1737.23 1859.64 1975 0 .00 1239-81 2296. 11 2233.41 2010.43 1976 0.00 0.00 1322.85 2449.90 2290.87 1977 0.00 0.00 0.00 1460.89 2618.74 1973 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1542. 17 197') 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1930 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1981 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1932 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1933 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1934 0 .00 0.00 0 .00 0.00 0.00 1935 0.00 0.00 0 .00 0.00 0.00 57-67 3947.6 3133.7 2399.8 1758.7 1229.9 68-72 12969.3 11805.4 10576.9 9309.2 5960.6 73-74 3570.7 4387.7 4184.2 3876.3 4071.2 75-85 0.0 1239 8 3619.0 6111.2 8162.2 57-85 20487.6 20566.6 20779.9 21088.5 19723-9 WITH SEMI-ANNUAL I/H & RETKOFIT 1979 1930 1981 1932 1933 1934 1935 0. 12 0.54 1 .00 3-51 8. 10 9.43 34 .48 00.63 121.97 239.01 323- 11 521. 10 743.64 8cJ0.45 1344.94 1516.48 1964.64 168390 1852. 14 2145.09 2525.26 2794.22 1645.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 321 .9 5006.6 3648.5 10962.2 20439.3 0.04 0. 19 0. 39 1.47 3.64 4.62 18.27 45.96 74.40 154.39 220.05 373. 19 559.33 703.21 1126.54 1311.87 1712.53 1494.56 1680.11 1976.20 2364.56 2694.48 2981.44 1755.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 523.4 4074.1 3207.1 13452.5 21257.2 0.01 0.07 0.14 0.57 1.53 2.08 8.95 21. 36 42.41 94 . 18 142.14 254. 15 4 00.56 528.91 899.76 1093 .84 1477 .66 1301.61 1493-94 1792.64 2178.85 2523-01 2875.02 3181.21 1873-40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 316.4 3182.2 2779.3 15918.0 22196.0 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.21 0.60 0.87 4.03 11 . 94 22.48 53-68 86.71 164. 17 272.79 378.78 676.74 877.63 1237 .70 1122.59 1303.54 1594.00 1977.31 2324.05 2692.06 3067.65 3394.35 1998.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 180.6 2370. 1 2360.3 18352.6 23263.6 0.00 0.01 0 .02 0.07 0.21 0.34 1.69 5. 37 11.01 28.45 49.42 100. 14 176.21 257.96 484.65 660. 10 933.54 940.29 1125.33 1390.85 1758.93 2109.80 2480.62 2872.44 3273- 19 3621.76 2132.83 0.00 0.00 96.6 1679.1 1923.8 20765.8 24470.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.07 0.12 0.66 2. ?6 4.96 13.94 26 . 19 57.08 107.49 166.63 330.06 4 72.74 7«3-52 751.00 942.59 1200.70 1535.48 1876.84 2251 . 17 2646.33 3064 .89 3492.47 3364 .42 2275.74 0.00 48.2 1134 .0 1494.5 23151 - 1 25827.9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.24 0.88 2.08 6.27 12.83 30.25 61 .27 101 .64 213-20 321.94 532.48 564.86 752.64 1005 .72 1325.87 1638.37 2002.60 2402.00 2324.17 3270.22 3726.47 4123.34 2428.22 22.4 723.3 1097.3 25499.8 ------- |