HIGH ALTITUDE VEHICULAR EMISSION CONTROL PROGRAM VOLUME XIII. A STUDY OF EMISSIONS FROM 1975 MODEL-YEAR VEHICLES PREPARED FOR: STATE OF COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH DENVER, COLORADO 80220 /automotive ATL/ testing ------- *. p rt|GH ALTITUDE VEHICULAR EMISSION CONTROL PROGRAM I VOLUME XIII. A STUDY OF EMISSIONS FROM *13*75 MODEL-YEAR VEHICLES PREPARED FOR: STATE OF COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH DENVER, COLORADO 80220 /automotive ATL / TESTING ------- Report on A Study of Emissions from 1975 Model-Year Vehicles November, 1976 for the State of Colorado Department of Health Denver, Colorado submitted by: Automotive Testing Laboratories, Inc. 19900 East Colfax Avenue Aurora, Colorado 80011 ------- Disclaimer This report was furnished to the Colorado Air Pollution Control Commission by Automotive Testing Laboratories, Inc. in fulfillment of Contract No. C292212. The contents of this report are reproduced herein as received from the contractor. The opinions, findings and conclusions expressed are those of the contractor and not necessarily those of the Air Pollution Control Commission. Mention of company or product names is not considered as an endorsement by the Colorado Air Pollution Control Commission. ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1-1 2. RECOMMENDATIONS 2-1 3. INTRODUCTION 3-1 4. TECHNICAL DISCUSSION 4-1 4.1 PROGRAM OBJECTIVES 4-1 4.2 PROGRAM DESIGN 4-1 4.2.1 Test Vehicle Sample Composition 4-3 4.2.2 Test Vehicle Procurement 4-7 4.2.3 Incentives 4-12 4.2.4 Vehicle Acceptance and General Handling 4-13 4.2.5 Test Vehicle Preparation 4-14 4.2.5.1 Converter Efficiency Test Probe Installation 4-14 4.2.5.2 Tire Rotation 4-16 4.2.5.3 Vehicle Fueling and Fuel Analysis 4-17 4.2.5.4 Fuel Lead Test 4-17 4.2.6 Laboratory Test Procedures 4-18 4.2.6.1 Federal Test Procedure 4-18 4.2.6.2 Loaded Mode Test 4-20 4.2.6.3 Converter Efficiency Test 4-22 4.2.6.4 Two Speed Idle Test 4-22 4.2.7 Engine Diagnostic, Maintenance and Parametric Adjustment Procedures 4-23 4.2.7.1 Engine Diagnostic Procedures 4-24 4.2.7.2 Engine Maintenance Procedures 4-27 4.2.7.3 Parametric Engine Adjustments 4-29 4.2.8 Test Facilities and Equipment 4-31 4.2.8.1 Constant Volume Sampler 4-32 4.2.8.2 Emission Analytical Console 4-34 4.2.8.3 Chassis Dynamometer 4-36 4.2.8.4 Laboratory Standard Calibration Gases 4-36 4.2.8.5 Miscellaneous Equipment 4-36 4.2.9 Data Audit Process 4-37 4.2.10 Data Reduction 4-39 4.2.10.1 Federal Test Procedure Mass Emission Test 4-39 4.2.10.2 Federal Test Procedure Fuel Economy Determination 4-39 4.2.10.3 Loaded Mode and Two Speed Idle Test Procedures 4-40 5. STUDY RESULTS 5-1 5.1 EVALUATION OF PARAMETRIC ADJUSTMENTS 5-1 5.1.1 Listing of Observations and Conclusions 5-3 ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT.) Page 5.1.1.1 Change in HC Emission 5-3 5.1.1.2 Change in CO Emission 5-4 5.1.1.3 Change in NOx Emission 5-4 5.1.1.4 Change in Fuel Economy 5-4 5.1.1.5 The Warranty Question 5-4 5.2 1975 MODEL-YEAR LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLE EMISSION INVENTORY 5-4 5.2.1 Listing of Observations and Conclusions 5-6 5.2.1.1 Exhaust Emission Factors for the 1975 Model Year 5-6 5.2.1.2 Trend in Emission Factors 5-6 5.3 EMISSION REDUCTION FACTORS FOR THE 1975 MODEL-YEAR VEHICLES 5-6 5.3.1 Listing of Observation and Conclusions 5-10 5.3.1.1 Trends in Emission Reduction 5-10 5.3.1.2 Emission Reduction at 40 Percent Rejection 5-10 5.4 MAINTENANCE COST FACTORS FOR THE 1975 MODEL-YEAR VEHICLES 5-10 5.4.1 Listing of Observations and Conclusions 5-13 5.4.1.1 Diagnostic Process and Cost 5-13 5.4.1.2 Maintenance Labor and Parts 5-13 5.4.1.3 Cost Factors 5-13 5.5 IDLE INSPECTION EFFECTIVENESS VERSUS LOADED MODE INSPECTION EFFECTIVENESS 5-14 5.5.1 Listing of Observations and Conclusions 5-23 5.5.1.1 Correlation between the Federal Test Procedure and the Loaded Mode and Idle Test 5-23 5.5.1.2 Emission Reduction Effectiveness of Loaded Mode vs Idle Inspection 5-24 5.6 EMISSION IDENTIFICATION - IDLE AND LOADED MODE TESTS VERSUS THE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE 5-24 5.6.1 Listing of Observations and Conclusions 5-31 5.6.1.1 Emission Identification - Idle and Loaded Mode Tests Versus the Federal Test Procedure 5-31 5.7 IDLE INSPECTION COST EFFECTIVENESS VS LOADED MODE INSPECTION COST EFFECTIVENESS 5-32 5.7.1 Listing of Observations and Conclusions 5-33 5.7.1.1 Loaded Mode Inspection CE vs Idle Inspection CE 5-36 5.8 PASS/FAIL LIMITS FOR THE 1975 MODEL-YEAR VEHICLES 5-36 5.9 MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE 1975 MODEL-YEAR VEHICLES 5-37 5.9.1 Listing of Observations and Conclusions 5-41 5.9.1.1 Engine Maintenance Requirements 5-41 5.9.1.2 Catalytic Converter Maintenance Requirements 5-41 ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT.) 5.9.1.3 Fuel Lead Content 5.10 COMMENTS ON MAINTENANCE OF THE CATALYTIC EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY 6. APPENDICES Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Mechanics' Procedure for Lean Best Idle Adjustment Correspondence on Warranty Implications of Parametric Engine Adjustments Data Forms Regression Analysis - Key Mode vs Federal Test Procedure Test Vehicle Listing and Summarized Emission and Fuel Economy Data Before Maintenance, After Maintenance and Reductions Parametric Adjustment, Test Vehicle Listing and Summarized Emission and Fuel Economy Data Before Maintenance, Manufacturer's Specifications and Parametric Adjustments Page 5-42 5-42 A-l B-l C-l D-l E-l F-l ------- LIST OF FIGURES Page 1. Sample of ATL Vehicle Procurement Letter 4-8 2. Sample of State of Colorado Vehicle Procurement Letter 4-9 3. Vehicle Flow Diagram 4-15 4. Sample of Engine Emission Control Specification Label 4-30 5. Scatter Diagram of Idle Inspection Test Versus Federal Test Procedure for Hydrocarbons 5-25 6. Scatter Diagram of Loaded Mode Composite Value Versus Federal Test Procedure for Hydrocarbons 5-26 7. Scatter Diagram of Idle Inspection Test Versus Federal Test Procedure for Carbon Monoxide 5-27 8. Scatter Diagram of Loaded Mode Composite Value Versus Federal Test Procedure for Carbon Monoxide 5-28 9. Cost Effectiveness Loaded Mode Composite Value and Idle Inspection at Various Rejection Rates for Hydrocarbons 5-34 10. Cost Effectiveness Loaded Mode Composite Value and Idle Inspection at Various Rejection Rates for Carbon Monoxide 5-35 ------- LIST OF TABLES Page 1. Composition of 1975 Vehicle Sample by Make and Body Size Based on Sales Distribution for Denver Area 4-5 2. Typical 95% Confidence Intervals for Vehicle Samples Ranging from 10 to 1,000 Vehicles 4-6 3. Minimum Vehicle Sample Fit Specifications and Actual Compliance 4-11 4. Loaded Mode Test Dynamometer Load and Vehicle Speed and Transmission Settings 4-21 5. Concentrations of Gaseous Calibration Standards 4-37 6. Mean Emission and Fuel Economy Levels for Manufacturer Prescribed Settings and Experimental Parametric Settings 5-2 7. Light-Duty Vehicle Exhaust Emission Levels for Denver Area, Updated to Include Model-Year 1975 5-5 8. Emission and Fuel Economy Levels at Various Rejection Rates, Equal HC/CO Failure,A FTP Rejection 5-9 9. Emission and Fuel Economy Improvements at Various Rejection Rates, Equal HC/CO Failure,AFTP Rejection 5-10 10. Average Vehicle Diagnostic and Maintenance Costs at Various Rejection Rates, Equal HC/CO Failure,A FTP Rejection 5-13 11. Percent HC Reduction for Rejection byAFTP, Loaded Mode and Curb Idle Inspection Procedures 5-19 12. Percent CO Reduction for Rejection byAFTP, Loaded Mode and Curb Idle Inspection Procedures 5-19 13. Correlation Coefficients for FTP Versus Idle and Loaded Mode Composite Value Inspection 5-21 14. Means, Standard Deviations and T-Scores for Idle and Loaded Mode Changes from 10% Through 50% Rejection Levels 5-22 15. Percentage of High HC Emitting (FTP Rejected) Vehicles, Properly and Improperly Identified by the Idle and the Loaded Mode Tests 5-30 ------- LIST OF TABLES (CONT.) Page 16. Percentage of High CO Emitting (FTP Rejected) Vehicles, Properly and Improperly Identified by the Idle and the Loaded Mode Tests 5-31 17. Cost Effectiveness Data for Loaded Mode Composite Value and Idle Inspection at Various Rejection Rates 5-33 18. Pass/Fail Limits for the 1975 Model-Year Vehicles by Idle and Loaded Mode Inspection 5-36 19. Adjustment and Parts Replacement Rate for the 1975 Model-Year Vehicles (A FTP Rejection) 5-38 20. Average Converter Efficiency Test Tailpipe HC, CO and O2 Readings by Emission Control Technology, 100% Rejection 5-40 21. Mean Federal Test Procedure Mass Emissions by Emission Control Technology, 100% Rejection 5-41 ------- 1. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 1.1 A sample of ten 1975 model-year vehicles representing the four major domestic manufacturers was utilized to evaluate parametric adjustments (5 degree advance in basic ignition timing, a lean-best-idle fuel air mixture adjustment and a leaner choke setting) for possible application in the balance of the study and for further possible application in reducing Denver area motor vehicle emissions. On these ten vehicles the indications were: 1.1.1 An increase in exhaust HC emission of 7 percent. 1.1.2 A decrease in exhaust CO emission of 3 percent. 1.1.3 An increase in exhaust N0X emission of 6 percent. 1.1.4 An increase in fuel economy of 4 percent. 1.1.5 The Vehicle manufacturers were contacted regarding the posture they would take concerning these parametric adjustments. Of those who responded, the general opinion was that this parametric approach would not generally invalidate warranties, but could do so on an individual basis. 1.1.6 Based on these responses, we concluded that promulgation of the parametric timing adjustment could put the State of Colorado into a position of liability regarding the warranty question. The Colorado Attorney General's Office has since expressed an opinion to this same effect. 1.1.7 Without having had this opinion, however, we concluded the parametric carburetor adjustments (choke and lean-best-idle settings) were consistent with procedures prescribed by the manufacturers and within the tolerances of normal industry practices and proceeded with the balance of the experiment on this basis. 1.2 A test sample was to be selected to represent the Denver area 1975 model-year vehicle population. The Health Department proposed 150 vehicles be used for this purpose. At the Department's direction we tested the proposed size for statistical validity using data from several prior vehicle emission studies. In so doing we found standard deviations for CO emissions to be about one-half the means and standard deviations for HC emissions to be about one-third the means. Using these typical standard deviations, the 95 percent confidence intervals about the means were found for samples ranging from 10 to 1000 vehicles. In these regards we found: 1.2.1 The incremental improvements in confidence intervals are relatively large as the sample is increased from 10 to 100 vehicles, but diminish rapidly as the sample is increased in ------- size above the 100 vehicle point. The intervals for CO at 10 and 100 vehicles are + 31 percent and + 9.8% of the mean while the intervals for HC at 10 and 100 vehicles are + 19.4% and + 6.1% of the mean. The intervals for CO at 150 and 1000 vehicles are + 8.0% and + 3.1% of the mean while for HC they are + 5.2% and + 1.9% of the mean. On these bases we concluded the 150 vehicle sample size proposed by the Department was adequate taking also the economies into consideration. To have narrowed the CO and HC confidence intervals seen at 150 vehicles by a factor of 0.5, for example, would have required over 600 or four times the number of vehicles. Program costs would also have been over four times greater. 1.3 The 150 vehicle selections were based on the five county Denver area 1975 model-year vehicle registrations. At the time of selection. (August, 1975), the sale of 1975 model-year vehicles was nearly complete. Consequently, the selections are regarded as representative of overall 1975 model-year sales. Specific vehicle identifications were prescribed for selection. These identifications are based on an acceptable hierarchy which ranks vehicle specifications in a given order of importance (make, model, engine transmission and carburetor). Emission control technology was included in this ranking due to its importance relative to the 1975 model-year. Using the overall population data, the ranked specifications were reduced to summary form. This summary was further reduced to define the specific vehicles to be tested. Due to the high incidence of fleet vehicle sales (about one in six were sold to fleet operators, particularly rental car agencies), rental cars were included in the sample. 1.4 Specific privately owned test vehicles were solicited from postal zip code areas adjacent to the laboratory. Eighty percent (5,000) of the resident vehicles were solicited; twenty percent (1,000) of these responded. Specific test vehicles were selected from these responding owners. Fleet cars were obtained from seven rental agencies relative to which no stated purpose was offered. 1.5 Each of the 150 vehicles was tested by the Federal Test Procedure (mass emission test) and two short cycle candidate emission inspection tests (The Loaded Mode Test and the Idle Test). Following these as-received or baseline tests, each of the vehicles was diagnosed by a developed procedure and repaired to the extent indicated. The parametric carburetor adjustments were employed in the repair and adjustment process. A cost-conscious repair approach was pursued. This cost consciousness is consistent with the Department's philosophy of establishing and relating only emission control costs to the emission control program. Following this maintenance, each vehicle was retested (in the repaired state) using each of the Federal Test Procedure, Loaded Mode and Idle Tests. The program objectives were then addressed. Further discussions and the conclusions relating to these objectives are as follows: J 1.5.1 Using the as-received or baseline Federal Test Procedure mass ------- emission test results, exhaust emission inventory factors for the 1975 model-year vehicles were found to be 2.43 grams per mile for HC emission, 49.0 grams per mile for CO emission and 1.80 grams per mile for N0X emission. These may be compared to the interim Federal Standards of 1.5 grams per mile for HC, 15 grams per mile for CO and 3.0 grams per mile for N0X, applicable to the vehicle at the point of manufacture (not a standard applied to, or enforced at, altitude). These differences between the values observed in Denver and the Federal Standards are chiefly related to the altitude factor and emission related maintenance factors characteristic of the Denver area. They may also be related to other factors, however, but to a lesser extent. These factors, however different from the Federal Standards, follow with each successively newer model year the downward trend in emission levels which have arisen out of the Federal Motor Vehicle Emission Control Program. 1.5.2 1975 Model-Year Vehicle Exhaust Emission Reduction Factors were developed for rejection rates from 0 to 100 percent in 10 percent increments. A mathematical model which assumes the need for equal HC and CO reduction was developed for this purpose. This model (AFTP Rejection), which utilizes as-received emission (before maintenance) data from all vehicles and after maintenance data for the rejected vehicles, as well as before maintenance data for the remaining vehicles, by. definition indicates the maximum reductions attainable for the rejection rate in question. Mean HC, CO and N0X reductions are Indicated at the 40 percent rejection level, for example, to be 24.6%, 24.3% and 4.7%. At this same level, the mean fuel economy improvement was found to be 1.0%. 1.5.3 1975 Model-Year Vehicle Maintenance Cost Factors were also developed for rejection rates from 0 to 100 percent in 10 percent increments. These factors are based on the same needs and the same mathematical model used to develop the Emission Reduction Factors referenced above. Three cost elements comprise the factors; a diagnostic fee, the main- tenance labor and the parts cost. The diagnostic fee is associated with a confirmed one hour diagnostic period which is regarded as a prerequisite to the repair of catalyst equipped vehicles. The current industry labor rate of $15/ hour is applied and regarded as the diagnostic fee. This diagnostic fee concept is a departure from current industry practices but is considered essential to maintaining the integrity of a catalyst equipped vehicle inspection/maintenance program. The second element is the labor cost for repair. This cost is based on flat-rate labor time allowances (from the industry's flat-rate manual) covering the specific repair. This element is also computed at the rate of $15/hour. The third element, parts, is based on current list prices for ------- the specific part. Price development relative to the repair labor and parts costs is consistent with current practices of the industry. The Maintenance Cost Factors (including the $15 Diagnostic Fee applied to each failed vehicle) were found to average about $20 per failed vehicle at 10 percent rejection and $18.50 per failed vehicle at 20 percent rejection. At 30 percent and above, the factors are relatively constant at about $17.50 per failed vehicle. As these relate to the entire sample, the costs were computed to be $2.01 per vehicle at 10% rejection, $3.69 per vehicle at 20%, $5.32 per vehicle at 30%, $7.06 per vehicle at 40% and so on up to $17.99 per vehicle at 100% rejection. 1.5.4 In the process of determining the relative benefits of Idle vs Loaded Mode Inspection, three mathematical treatments of Loaded Mode data were developed and analyzed to test the sensitivities of varying data reduction techniques on the Loaded Mode measurements. The three treatments produced about the same HC and CO reductions, particularly at the 30 percent rejection rate and above. The Composite Value Treatment was used to represent the Loaded Mode Test, however, since the results of this treatment,are, in theory, directly as possible relatable to the Federal Test Procedure. We found a significant correlation between the Federal Test Procedure and both the Loaded Mode and the Idle Tests. Significant correlation is defined as a probability of less than 1 chance in 20 (probability of 0.05) that the correlation values will occur by accident. A statistical analysis of the emission reduction effectiveness of both Loaded Mode and Idle Tests was performed using Student's t distribution. For the sample size in question (n°150), the critical t value at the 0.05 level of significance is 1.96. At this level neither the Loaded Mode nor the Idle Test produced significant reductions at 10 percent rejection. At 20 percent and higher rejection rates, however, both the Loaded Mode and the Idle Test tests produced statistically significant HC and CO reductions. 1.5.5 As described above, significant correlations were found between the Federal Test Procedure and each of the Loaded Mode and Idle Tests. It was also found that each of these candidate procedures produced significant HC and CO emission reductions at 20 percent and higher rejection rates. Neither of these findings should be interpreted to mean that either of the candidate procedures is an acceptable substitute for the Federal Test Procedure, however. Scattergrams are provided to illustrate the accuracies and Inaccuracies of each of the Loaded Mode and Idle Tests ------- relative to emission identification. The Federal Test Procedure is the standard test to which these candidate procedures are compared. At the forty percent rejection rate, for example, the Loaded Mode Test failed to properly identify 20 percent of the vehicles rejected by the Federal Test Procedure relative to HC emission and 18 percent relative to CO emission. At this same rejection rate, the Idle Test failed to properly identify 30 percent of the Federal Test Procedure rejected vehicles relative to HC emission and 37 percent relative to CO emission. These and errors of similar and even greater magnitude at other rejection rates have led to the conclusion that neither candidate procedure is an acceptable substitute for the Federal Test. To our knowledge, however, an acceptable error or accuracy level has not been defined. 1.5.6 Cost effectiveness factors were developed using a $5.70 inspection fee for the Idle Test and a $6.85 inspection fee for the Loaded Mode Test. These fees were combined with the maintenance costs associated with each inspection procedure at each rejection rate and the effectiveness factors associated with each procedure at each rejection rate. Cost effectiveness factors for HC and CO rise sharply from zero rejection and continue to rise at decreasing rates through about 30 percent rejection for HC and 40 percent rejection for CO. At these points the CE factors begin to decline. These data indicate the most cost effective rejection rate appears in the 30 to 40 percent range. Relatively little differences were noted in cost effectiveness factors between the Loaded Mode and the Idle Test above the 20 percent rejection rate. These CE factors are expressed as milligrams emission reduction per mile per dollar (mmd). At 40 percent rejection, for example, the HC CE factor for Loaded Mode is 33.9 mmd and 34.6 mmd for the Idle Test. At this same rate, the CO CE factor is 807 mmd for both tests. 1.5.7 Emission pass/fail limits were developed for 1975 model-year vehicles at each rejection rate for both the Idle and the three data treatment methods of the Loaded Mode Test. These standards are related to the effectiveness, cost, and cost effectiveness factors of each of the Idle and Loaded Mode Tests. 1.5.8 During the experiment, the maintenance requirements were documented. The operating efficiency of the converters was also determined and the lead content of the as-received fuel was measured. Carburetor and ignition adjustments were the Items found to require the most attention. At the 40 percent rejection rate ------- (AFTP Rejection), for example, 34 percent of all vehicles required fuel/air adjustments, 30 percent required ignition timing adjustment and 11 percent required air filter element replacement. These percentages convert in terms of the failed vehicles to 57 percent of the failed vehicles required fuel/ air adjustments, 50 percent required ignition timing adjustment and 18 percent required air filter element replacement. Failure of the catalytic converter was not evident on any of the sampled vehicles. Converters were found to be performing less than optimally, however, due to a lack of supplied oxygen. This is particu- larly the case for non-air pump equipped catalytic systems which comprise about 44 percent of the 1975 model-year vehicle population. A similar deficiency was noted on non-catalyst, non-air pump equipped vehicles which comprise about 5 percent of this population. Five percent of the catalyst equipped segment of the vehicle sample was found to have tank fuel lead in excess of the 0.05 grams lead (Pb) Federal Standard. The highest level measured, however, was merely 0.10 grams per gallon which is not regarded as a serious problem. Both privately-owned and rental agency vehicles were sampled. 1.5.9 Aside from the catalytic converter, the 1975 model-year emission control technology does not appreciably differ from the technology applied in earlier model-years. In this respect, precise and orderly engine and adjustment procedures continue to be a mandatory first step to affect proper engine operation and emission levels on these vehicles. These procedures can be accomplished on a commercial basis by existing facilities and technicians providing the importance of the operations is realized and the proper care and caution is exercised. The catalyst does not obscure major carburetor and ignition malfunctions which raise HC and CO emissions to grossly high levels. It does, however, tend to obscure lesser malfunctions and minor maladjustments within the engine which are normally detectable through tailpipe exhaust analysis. It appears that diagnosis of the converter is the real challenge should converter failures occur. It also appears that converter failure can be detected only through the process of elimination which will surely be a costly procedure. As mentioned above, however, failure of the catalytic converter is not evident at this time. ------- 2. RECOMMENDATIONS 2.1 The parametric adjustments not only produced little in the way of emission reduction and fuel economy improvement, but also could put the State of Colorado into a position of liability relative to the claims against new car warranty. Consequently, we do not recommend the parametric adjustment approach be promulgated. The parametric carburetor adjustments, however, are not unlike procedures prescribed by the vehicle manufacturers and could be implemented in a situation where exhaust HC/CO analyzer and other special equipment are lacking. 2.2 Emission factors for this new (catalytic converter) emission control technology were determined early in the history of this technology. The mean age of the vehicle sample was six months. Considering this and the great potential for deterioration in the performance of this technology, the vehicle segment should be re-examined at some later date to determine the magnitude of changes which are likely to occur. 2.3 It appears there is no simple test that distinguishes between engine malfunctions or maladjustment and inefficiency in the catalytic converter such as may be related to a lack of oxygen in the exhaust stream. Consequently, we strongly recommend any regulatory program include provisions allowing the repair garage to charge a fee commeasurate with the diagnostic effort. This fee should be asso- ciated with one hour of diagnostic effort. Such effort should include the basic carburetor and ignition adjustments, however. 2.4 There is a significant correlation between the Federal Test Procedure emission results and each of the candidate Loaded Mode and Idle Tests. Also, both the Loaded Mode and the Idle Test produced emission reductions in the same order of significance. In addition, cost effectiveness differences between the two inspection methods, if any, are relatively small. Consequently, we propose one method is as effective and as cost effective as the other. 2.5 Although the correlation between the Federal Test Procedure and each of the Loaded Mode and Idle Tests is significant, neither candidate procedure is an acceptable substitute for the Federal Test Procedure. In this regard we propose only the Federal Test Procedure is applicable for determining compliance with Federal Emission Standards and for assessing the results of any light-duty vehicle emission control measures. ------- 3. INTRODUCTION With the realization that motor vehicles are a major source of air pollution in certain areas of Colorado, the Colorado Health Department, acting under authority provided by Senate Bill 393, embarked on a series of programs designed to characterize light-duty vehicle exhaust emissions at altitude, to investigate possible solutions to the problem and to develop the criteria necessary to apply these solutions. The first Department directed experiments began in 1973 and subsequently covered a variety of known possible exhaust emission control strategies and related criteria. The major studies performed and the criteria developed to date are: Volume I, Executive Summary of Volumes II through V, State of Colorado High Altitude Vehicular Emission Control Program (December, 1973). Volume II, Experimental Characterization of Idle Inspection, Exhaust Control Retrofit and Mandatory Engine Maintenance (December, 1973). Volume III, Impact of Altitude on Vehicular Exhaust Emissions (December, 1973). Volume IV, Analysis of Experimental Results (December, 1973). Volume V, Development of Techniques, Criteria and Standards to Implement a Vehicle Inspection, Maintenance and Modification Program (December, 1973). Volume VI, Data Base (June, 1975). Volume VII, Experimental Characterization of Vehicular Emissions and Engine Deterioration (July, 1974). Volume VIII, Pilot Training Program Results for Motor Vehicle Emission Control (March, 1974). Volume IX, Criteria for Accreditation of Retrofit Devices, Inspection Instruments, Emission Inspectors, Inspection Stations and Visual Inspection Procedures (February, 1975). ------- Volume X, A Study of Emission Deterioration and Engine Degra- dation (Interim Report), (June, 1974). Volume XI, A Study of Emission Deterioration and Engine Degradation (Final Report), (September, 1975). Volume XII, An Analysis of the Practical Application of an Inspection and Maintenance Program in the Public and Private Sectors (September, 1975). As indicated by the nature and sequence of the studies, Colorado's High Altitude Vehicular Emission Control Program (the history of which is reflected in the above listed volumes) began with an evaluation of emission inspection during the engine idling mode, an evaluation of retrofit (add-on) emission control devices (both vehicle manufacturer and independently developed devices) and an evaluation of mandatory engine maintenance (a program of mandatory periodic tune-up). Included in the initial studies was a program to define the emissions versus altitude relationship and the feasibility of minimum state-wide emission standards (Volume III). This program generated new data on vehicles residing in Leadville, Colorado showing CO emissions, for example, at Leadville (elevation 10,000 feet) to be higher relative to one population of vehicles and lower relative to another than emissions from similar vehicles operating in the Denver area, thereby making minimum state-wide emission standards Impractical. As also indicated, the program progressed through a series of experiments designed to characterize vehicular emission deterioration and engine degradation at Denver's altitude, factors which needed exploring before certain benefits of a vehicle emission control program could be established. The program also included the development and application of mechanic and emission inspector training programs (Volume VIII) and the development of criteria for accreditation of retrofit devices, emission inspection instruments, ------- emission inspectors, inspection stations and visual emission system inspection procedures. As indicated above, authority for the conduct of these studies and criteria development was provided by Senate Bill 393. S. B. 393, enacted by the Colorado Legislature in June of 1973, provided for the establish- ment of a motor vehicle emission control program in the State of Colorado. More specifically, it directed the departments of health and revenue to complete certain testing programs and studies and make joint recommen- dations to the Governor and General Assembly. As outlined in S. B. 393, the two departments were required to develop pilot and testing programs on a representative sample of motor vehicles. Various emission control alternatives (those noted above) were designated for investigation. The Colorado Air Pollution Control Commission was charged with the responsi- bility of developing recommendations based on results from the investi- gations, such recommendations to include information on the costs and air pollution effectiveness of control measures. To date, the program has generated the necessary information on all but the 1975 and later model-year vehicles which this study begins to address. In summary, the results indicate a program of mandatory Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) involving 1968 through 1974 model-year light- duty (passenger cars and light trucks) would help lessen the burden of air pollution in the Denver Air Quality Control Region, particularly the pollutant carbon monoxide. Other of the alternatives investigated appear somewhat less attractive than the I/M program due to high costs, relative ineffectiveness, adverse public reaction or other factors. The I/M strategy appears attractive as a control measure due to its relative effectiveness and relatively low costs. Public reaction to I/M, however, ------- has not been firmly established although the existence of Colorado's mandatory motor vehicle safety inspection program may help to minimize adverse reaction to a mandatory I/M program. While the decision to implement a mandatory I/M program based on data from the pre-1975 model-year vehicles is difficult due to the attrition rate of these vehicles and the timetable for implementation, the determinate information to precipitate such a program may be provided by the presumably lower emitting 1975 and later model-year vehicles. With the installation of catalytic systems on the 1975 model-year vehicles, a new emission control technology was introduced. Aside from some development data, which is not generally available for examination, nor is it necessarily representative of data from production vehicles, little information is available on either the initial performance of this technology or its ability to maintain low emission levels once subjected to buyer use, particularly at Denver's altitude. Accordingly, the Colorado Department of Health undertook a study involving 1975 model-year vehicles to provide this and other information. Automotive Testing Laboratories, Inc. was selected to conduct the experiment under the Department's Contract No. C292212. Although the objectives of the study are provided in more detail later in this report, the main objectives of the program were: • To provide emission data on the 1975 model-year vehicles. This objective was included to provide information on the effectiveness of the Federal Motor Vehicle Emission Control Program* for the 1975 model-year vehicles. * Maximum benefit from the Federal Motor Vehicle Emission Control Program is not expected until the 1977 model year when Federal Emission Standards are enforced for vehicles sold above 4,000 feet. ------- • To establish the relative benefits of both idle and loaded mode inspection methods pertaining to these vehicles. The loaded mode inspection method has been proposed as being more effective than the idle inspection method in its potential for helping to reduce exhaust emissions from the 1975 and later model-year vehicles. This phase of the experiment was included to evaluate this proposition relative to Denver's 1975 model-year vehicle population. • To study and assess the extent to which altitude and other localized factors affect emissions from the 1975 model-year vehicles. With the advent of the catalytic converter and the possible high emission deterioration rates which may be caused by catalyst or other component failure on these vehicles, this aspect of emission control was to be examined in particular. • To establish the emission-related effectiveness of maintenance on this population and the associated costs. This objective was included to provide effectiveness and cost data for the 1975 model-year vehicles on the same basis data were developed for the pre-1975 model years for comparison with these data. While the study was concerned primarily with evaluating the catalytic control technology, the test sample was selected to represent the 1975 model-year light-duty vehicle population. Consequently, some non- catalyst equipped vehicles are included in the evaluation as they appear in the population. ------- 4. TECHNICAL DISCUSSION 4.1 PROGRAM OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were as follows: • To provide exhaust emission data on catalytic equipped 1975 model-year vehicles using the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) constant volume sampling technique, curb idle no-load mode and short cycle loaded mode test procedures. • To evaluate the testing results from the named procedures and establish statistical correlations using appropriate regression analysis between the FTP (considered as the standard criterion for pass/fail determination) and exhaust emission data collected by the curb idle no-load mode and the short cycle loaded mode testing procedure. This analysis was to synthesize and charac- terize the relative benefits of each testing procedure with emphasis placed on testing methods and identification of pass/fail criteria for catalyst equipped 1975 model-year vehicles. • To study and assess the extent to which high altitude, driving practices, localized vehicle owner maintenance and other differ- ential factors affect exhaust emissions on 1975 catalyst equipped vehicles. • To provide empirically derived emissions maintenance factors relative to the catalytic equipped 1975 model-year vehicles. This data was to be formulated to include the relative merits of the various emissions testing methods in identifying pass/fail vehicles. • To provide empirically derived maintenance cost data for the 1975 model-year catalyst equipped vehicles. These data were to be appropriately combined with the emission effectiveness data for these vehicles and presented in terms of cost/effectiveness factors on a basis similar to that applied in pre-1975 vehicles emission studies. • To evaluate the benefits of certain parametric engine adjustments on the 1975 model-year vehicles. 4.2 PROGRAM DESIGN To support the objectives of the program the following tasks were to be completed: The 1975 model-year population of the Denver area was to be defined by vehicle make, engine size, emission control technology (catalyst equipped vs non-catalyst equipped, secondary air injection vs non-secondary air injection, etc.), transmission type and carburetor type. ------- An acceptable sample vehicle procurement procedure was to be employed to gain access to the Denver area 1975 model-year vehicle sample. Subsequently, the actual sample was to be selected based on make, engine size and other of the parameters listed above in proportion to their appearance in the Denver vehicle population. Several incentives were to be offered to candidate test vehicle owners to enhance the success of the vehicle procurement process. Once the test vehicle was selected, acceptance for the experi- mental testing was to be predicated upon the vehicle's passing an inspection. This inspection was for the purpose of screening any undesirable vehicles relative to the safety of the vehicle and the integrity of its exhaust system. Following acceptance, the test vehicle sample was to be tested in accordance with prescribed laboratory standard and short cycle emission inspection procedures. A small but separate sample was to be used to evaluate the parametric engine adjustments. A diagnosis and maintenance procedure specific to the 1975 model- year engine and catalyst was to be designed and applied following the initial test sequence. Following application of the engine and catalyst diagnosis and maintenance procedure, a final test sequence was to be performed. Emission and fuel economy data were to be collected from the laboratory standard emission test results. These data were to be used to determine the effectiveness of the maintenance procedure relative to these two areas. Maintenance cost data and any additional charges relative to the maintenance process were to be documented and combined with effectiveness data to generate cost/effectiveness data relating to emission reductions on the 1975 models. Data processing was to include determinations of means and standard deviations for the sample tested by make, engine displacement class, inertia weight (shipping weight plus 300 lbs.) and the total sample. Correlations were to be developed by linear regression analysis to relate mass emissions (gathered by the laboratory standard constant volume emission testing procedures) to curb idle mode and short cycle emissions data. Data in these regards were to be reported for each data set examined. From experience gained with the 1975 model-year vehicles by this process, statistical determinations of the relative merits of curb idle versus short cycle loaded mode testing were to be made. Other of the design criteria included data reduction and presentation requirements and a schedule for reporting progress and the results of testing. ------- The following is a store detailed discussion of the design of each task and the specific manner in which it was executed. A.2.1 Test Vehicle Sample Composition The test sample was to be selected to represent the Denver area 1975 model-year light-duty vehicle population. Unlike some of the earlier studies, light trucks were not included for consideration due to their emission control design characteristics and emission standards which differ from the passenger cars. The light truck population is estimated to be about ten percent of the total light-duty vehicle population. The task of defining the 1975 model passenger car population was scheduled during the month of October, 1975. Compilations of registered 1975 model-year motor vehicles were not available through commercial channels at that time. The Health Department recognized this as a possibility in its specifications for bid and agreed with the concurrence of the Department of Revenue to supply the then current listing of 1975 models registered in the five county Denver Air Quality Control Region (DAQCR). This listing was furnished by the Department of Revenue on hard copy computer print-outs and on 1600 bits per inch (bpi), nine channel magnetic tape. The nine channel tape was chosen from several alternatives due to its compatibility with our data handling and processing operations while the hard copy print-out fulfilled the desirability of having instantly recognizable data to help ease the task of defining the representative vehicle sample. The supplied listing included information on approximately 30,000 1975 model-year vehicles which had been sold in Denver, Jefferson, Adams, Arapahoe and Douglas counties and registered with the Revenue Department ------- through August, 1975. Since the 1975 model-year for domestic vehicles ended in the following month, September, it can reasonably be assumed the 30,000 vehicle listing was representative of overall 1975 model sales for these vehicles. A similar assumption can be made relative to the imported vehicles for which the model year ends in December. The information cited above, which included the buyer's name, address, the make of the vehicle and its Vehicle (Federal) Identification Number (VIN), was utilized in the process of defining the composition of the test vehicle sample. In the process of defining the sample, we chose the generally acceptable and well precedented method* of selecting vehicles in accordance with a standard hierarchy of selection. This hierarchy ranks vehicle sample specifications in the following order of relative importance: 1. Vehicle make 2. Model (sub-compact, compact, intermediate, full-size) 3. Engine size (cubic inch displacement) 4. Transmission type 5. Carburetor type We also included emission control technology (e.g., catalyst vs. non- catalyst, secondary air injection vs. non-air injection) since this factor was a major consideration relative to the 1975 model-year. A computer program which utilized the vehicle information supplied on magnetic tape was developed and used to reduce the ranked specifications to summary form. This summary was proportionately reduced to define the test sample of 150 vehicles described by make and model (body size) in Table 1. * This method is consistently used by the EPA and other knowledgeable entities to gather data for purposes similar to the subject study. ------- Sub-compact Compact Intermediate Full Make Sample Sample Sample Sample AMMO 1 2 6 AUDI 1 BUIC 1 1 2 2 CADI 4 CHEV 6 7 11 6 CHRY 3 1 DATS 6 DODG 4 2 1 FIAT 1 FORD 9 12 7 7 H0ND 1 JEEP 3 LINC 2 MERC 4 2 1 OLDS 1 5 2 PLYM 3 1 2 PONT 1 1 3 2 PORS 1 TOYO 6 V0LK 5 VOLV 2 Table 1, Composition of 1975 Vehicle Sample by Make and Body Size Based on Sales Distribution for Denver Area. Due to budget constraints, the Health Department prescribed the sample not exceed 150 vehicles. A sample containing 150 vehicles has generally been acceptable when used for similar purposes. To confirm the acceptability of a sample this size, we examined emission data from several prior studies including the Environmental Protection Agency's emission factors programs and Health Department sponsored emission studies. These data indicate the standard deviations to be about one- half the mean carbon monoxide emissions and one-third the mean hydro- carbon emissions. Using these typical standard deviations, we determined the 95 percent confidence intervals about the means for certain vehicle sample sizes ranging from 10 to 1,000 vehicles. ------- As shown in Table 2, the Incremental improvements in the confidence Intervals are relatively large as the sample is Increased from 10 to 100 vehicles, but diminish rapidly as the sample is increased in size above the 100 vehicle point. On this basis and considering also the relatively high cost of conducting the required laboratory tests, we concluded the 150 vehicles suggested by the Department to be the upper limit for the sample was adequate. To have narrowed the hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide confidence intervals seen at 150 vehicles by a factor of 0.5, for example, would have required over 600 or four times the number of vehicles* Program costs would also have been over four times greater. No. of 95% Confidence Intervals Veh. (± Percent "of Mean) Carbon Monoxide Hydrocarbons 10 31.0 19.4 100 9.8 6.1 150 8.0 5.2 200 6.9 4.3 300 5.7 3.5 400 4.9 3.1 500 4.4 2.7 1000 3.1 1.9 CO standard deviation 1/2 mean HC standard deviation 1/3 mean Table 2, Typical 95% Confidence Intervals for Vehicle Samples Ranging from 10 to 1, 000 Vehicles. In our initial review of registration data for the five county area, we noticed an apparently high incidence of vehicles registered to the same owner (i.e., fleet operators and rental agencies). This observation triggered a count of vehicles which we arbitrarily categorized as ten ------- or more vehicles registered to the same owner. Based on this count, we concluded that about one out of every six vehicles registered at that point had been purchased by a fleet operator or rental car agency. We brought this to the attention of the Department and jointly agreed the fleet and rental vehicles merited investigation and should be included in the sample. The test sample was ultimately comprised of 17 rental agency vehicles and 133 individual or privately-owned vehicles. The 17 vehicles were procured from seven different rental agencies which varied in size from the largest to some of the smaller agencies. 4.2.2 Test Vehicle Procurement Once the sample had been defined, a conventional vehicle procurement strategy was applied to produce sample vehicles to represent the overall population. This strategy included: The development of a candidate vehicle listing. This listing was obtained from the computer stored vehicle owner file. The design and preparation of procurement materials consisting of an introductory letter from the laboratory explaining the purpose of the study (Figure 1), a letter from the Governor of Colorado urging participation (Figure 2) and a post-paid information reply card. Timely mailing of these materials to prospective test vehicle owners. The establishment of a file to contain the returned reply cards. These returned cards were used in the test vehicle selection and scheduling process. As Indicated earlier, candidate test vehicles originated from the listing provided by the Department of Revenue. The actual candidates (vehicle descriptions which generally complied with sample specifications) were selected by the nth name process (wherein every 2nd, 3rd, 4th or nth name is selected) from .postal zip-code areas adjacent to the area in which the laboratory is situated. In this particular situation, ------- Figure 1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES, INC. 19900 East Colfax Avenue • Aurora, Colorado 80010 Dear Colorado Car Owner, The purpose of this letter is to solicit your assistance in an important motor vehicle emission study program. As you may know, many of the 1975 model-year passenger cars and light trucks employ a relatively new technology in emission control, the catalytic converter. This technology is believed to represent a significant step toward further reducing emissions from motor vehicles. As you may also know, however, performance of not only the converter, but fuel economy and other emission related items are determined primarily under sea-level conditions. While these factors are scheduled to change beginning with the 1977 model-year, little is known about the effectiveness of 1975 model-year controls at Denver's altitude. During the next few months, we will be testing a sample of vehicles to determine how the 1975 model-year emission controls are performing. Testing is to be performed under the direction of the Colorado Department of Health. Participating car owners will be provided an engine tune-up, as required. New catalytic material will also be supplied if the existing material has failed. Also, to partially compensate you for the incon- venience, a check in the amount of $10.00 and a late-model loan car to be used while testing is performed will be furnished. Fuel for the loan car will also be provided. Both your car and the loan car will be fully Insured. The program is purely a research effort and no penalties will be imposed. If you wish to offer your vehicle, please complete the attached card in as much detail as possible and drop it in the mail. If your vehicle is selected, we will contact you shortly to schedule the test. We believe the program will prove to be of great benefit to the people of Colorado and hope you will wish to be a part of it. Sincerely, Douglas R. Liljedahl President DRL/cs 1 Atch. ------- EXECUTIVE CHAMBERS RICHARD D. LAMM DENVER Governor Dear Colorado Car Owner: The Air Pollution Control Division of the Colorado Department of Health, in carrying out the legislative charge of the Colorado Motor Vehicle Emission Act of 1973, has contracted with Automotive Testing Laboratories, Inc. to conduct emission tests on certain randomly selected 1975 model-year vehicles. The purpose of these tests is to evaluate the effectiveness of the 1975 model-year emission control technology and in particular, the catalytic converter. The results of these tests will be used by the Department to provide information of a purely technical nature. The outcome of the test on any individual vehicle will not re- sult in any enforcement action against the vehicle owner. The enclosed letter to you explains the program in some detail. To assure valid results from this program, the specific vehicles that will comprise the sample to be tested are randomly selected in proportion to a statewide vehicle population average, without bias, from vehicle registration lists. Your vehicle has been tentatively selected by this process. The purpose of this message is to urge you, if at all possible, to allow your vehicle to be tested in this program. Please read the enclosed letter. You will note that it says a contact will be made if your vehicle is selected. Should you have any questions regarding the program, you may wish to call the contractor at the number listed. I am hopeful you will choose to participate in this important project. Richard D. Lamm Governor Figure 2 ------- where the necessary number of candidate solicitations was high compared to the number of vehicles comprising the population of interest, n was nearly equal to one. Only the lower production model, engine, emission control technology, transmission and carburetion combinations which represented about 20 percent of the area's 1975 model population were excluded from the sampling process. As also indicated, solicitation materials were designed, prepared and mailed to each of the prospective vehicle owners. News releases were timed to coincide with the mailing of these materials in an effort to lend authenticity to, and generate interest in, the study program for the purpose of developing a high affirmative response. This particular effort met with a relatively high degree of success since over one- thousand of the five-thousand or over twenty percent of the reply cards mailed initially were returned in the affirmative. Our experience in similar programs indicates the average return rate to be from five to ten percent. Upon being returned, these reply cards served as the file from which the test vehicles were selected. In addition to providing the vehicle owner's name and other infor- mation required for test scheduling, the reply card was designed to provide specific information on the configuration of the vehicle. Included was a request for information on the model, engine, transmission and carburetion of the vehicle, factors, which, as mentioned earlier, were major considerations relative to establishing the emission profile of the 1975 model year. The type of emission control was also a major consideration; however, the particular technology with which the engines were equipped were dictated by the vehicle and engine parameters cited above. Realizing it would be virtually impossible to provide a vehicle ------- sample which precisely met the determined specifications, certain sample fit tolerances were established. While these tolerances are arbitrary, the precedent for them has been established in the EPA's emission factors studies. These minimum sample fit specifications and our success in achieving them are shown in Table 3. This table shows that 93 percent of the vehicles actually tested had the same configuration by make and engine size as those which appeared in our proportionate reduction of the overall Denver area (five county) vehicle population. Our goal was to test 90 percent or more by this description. Also, 89 percent of the vehicles tested, compared to our goal of 70 percent, had the same configuration by make, engine displacement, model, transmission and carburetion as appearing in our proportionate reduction. In addition, one hundred percent of the target makes were actually tested. While there is no absolute measure of the degree to which these departures may be reflected in the data, compliance to the extent indicated is generally regarded as acceptable by the industry. Parameters Minimum Actual Hake 100% 100% Make and engine displacement 90% 93% Make, engine displace- ment, model, trans- mission and carburetion 70% 89% Table 3, Minimum Vehicle Sample Fit Specifications and Actual Compliance. ------- 4.2.3 Incentives In the absence of authority to require vehicle owner participation, a vehicle procurement program taking voluntary participation into consid- eration was designed and implemented. This program included provisions for offering and furnishing certain incentives. While incentives, the manner In which they are offered and the impact they have on the data through the possible introduction of bias are subject to question, our belief is that the incentive package the Department required and we provided was reasonable. In our experience, to have offered no incentive, whatsoever, would have made the procurement of a representation of Denver area vehicles virtually impossible in that a relatively few number of affirmative vehicle owner responses from which vehicles could be selected would have been received. In this same respect, there is a good possibility that those which were received may have represented a small segment of the owner population (retirees with an abundance of free time, environmentalists, etc.). On the other hand, to have offered an incentive package interesting enough to have attracted a larger segment of the population (say 50 percent or more) would have been Impractical due to the cost factor and simply not knowing what the package should have contained to attract this large segment. In any case, the incentive package consisted of: A check in the amount of $10. Up to $50 in engine maintenance. The use of a late-model loan car to provide a substitute for the vehicle under test. Fuel for the loan car. Replenishment of fuel consumed during testing. ------- To the vehicle owner receiving the procurement materials, the program was obviously funded and sponsored by the State of Colorado,. Consequently, the maintenance of program integrity was of paramount importance. For these reasons, we viewed the entire vehicle procurement effort as an implied contract with the vehicle owner and disclosed the entire program in as much detail as practicable, including the incentives. 4.2.4 Vehicle Acceptance and General Handling Nearly all vehicles comprising the 150 car sample were delivered to the laboratory to receive the tests. In a few isolated situations, however, where a particular vehicle was required and the owner found it Inconvenient to deliver the vehicle, laboratory personnel made the pick-up. Prior to accepting the vehicle for tests, it was inspected by laboratory personnel. The purpose of this inspection was to avoid liability for existing dents, scratches, broken windows, missing equipment, etc. and to ascertain general vehicle condition relative to safety and exhaust system integrity. The purpose also was to verify the vehicle was, in fact, equipped in accordance with Individual requirements of the sample (correct engine, transmission, etc.) as originally reported by the owner. Not a single vehicle was rejected for safety related causes, exhaust system leaks or for any other purpose. Upon passing the inspection, protective loan and test vehicle agreements between the vehicle owner and the laboratory were completed. One of two data form packets, depending on the task for which the vehicle was to be utilized, was then assigned. One packet was for the primary sample; the other for vehicles used In the parametric engine adjustment ------- evaluation. These packets contained all of the vehicle information, technical data, maintenance and cost accounting forms required for the vehicle as it moved from step to step in the testing sequence. The vehicle was then moved to a staging area where test preparations were performed. Following these operations, testing and maintenance were completed and the owner was contacted to establish a vehicle pick-up time. When the owner returned to the laboratory for the test vehicle, he was briefed on the outcome of emission tests and on the maintenance performed on his vehicle. A final inspection was then performed to verify damage had not occurred in handling operations and the vehicle was released back to the owner's custody. A flow diagram showing the evaluation sequence is presented in Figure 3. Elements comprising the diagram blocks and reasons for their application are discussed in paragraphs which follow. A.2.5 Test Vehicle Preparation Pre-test operations consisted of the installation of converter efficiency test probes, the rotation of snow and mud tires to non-drive wheel positions, fuel tank draining and recharging with test fuel and lead analysis of the as-received tank fuel. Following this process, the vehicle was driven on the road to complete the vehicle preparation and preconditioning procedure. The purposes of each of these steps is explained below. 4.2.5.1 Converter Efficiency Test Probe Installation - The majority (about 75 percent) of vehicles sold in the 1975 model-year are equipped with catalytic converters. One of the purposes of the program was to determine if converter failure was a problem on these vehicles and, if so, to what extent. To make this determination, we devised a test which involved the measurement and comparison of exhaust gases before and after ------- VEHICLE ACCEPTANCE ALL VEHICLES \ PRE-TEST OPERATIONS 1. Fuel Drain/Refill/As Rec' 2. Rotate Tires 3. Instal 4. 10 Minute As Rec'd Fuel Pi / - ALL VEHICLES i Fuel Lead (Pb) Test L Conv. Effcy. Test urging Road Operation \ / AS-RECEIVED EVALUATION TEST SEQUENCE - ALL VEHICLES 1. Federal Test Procedure (FTP) 2. Loaded Mode Test (LMT)/ Converter Efficiency Test (CET) 3. Two Speed Idle Test (TSIT) \ / ENGINE/CATALYST DIAGNOSTICS - ALL VEHICLES 1. Oscilloscope Analysis 2. Functional Tests 3. Visual Inspection 4. Catalyst Activity Test 5. Determination of Expected Life of Selected Tune-up Items REPAIR/ADJUST - TEN PARAMETRIC ADJUSTMENT EVALUATION (PAE) VEHICLES Repair/Adjust All Parameters To Manufacturer's Specifications AFTER MAINTENANCE EVALUATION TEST SEQUENCE - TEN PAE VEHICLES 1. FTP 2. LMT/CET 3. TSIT _^L REPAIR/ADJUST - 150 PRIMARY SAMPLE (PS) VEHICLES Repair/Adjust All Parameters To Manufacturer's Specifications Except Idle Mixture and Choke Set Angle; Adjust These to Parametric Idle Mixture and Choke Set Adjustments PARAMETRIC ADJUSTMENT - TEN PAE VEHICLES Parametric 1. Ignition Timing 2, Idle Mixture 3. Choke Set AFTER MAINTENANCE EVALUATION TEST SEQUENCE - 150 VEHICLES 1. FTP 2. LMT/CET 3. TSIT \ f N f PARAMETRIC ADJUSTMENT EVALUATION TEST SEQUENCE - TEN PAE VEHICLES 1. FTP 2. LMT/CET 3. TSIT VEHICLE DE-PREP - ALL VEHICLES Return Vehicle to Owner Figure 3, Vehicle Flow Diagram. ------- the converter. Since many vehicles are not equipped with the necessary sample ports, exhaust gas sampling probes were Installed before the converter to facilitate such measurement. In the simplest of vehicle exhaust system configurations (utilizing a single converter and a single exhaust pipe) the installation of a single probe was sufficient to evaluate the converter. Before-converter samples were obtained from the installed probe and after-converter samples were obtained at the vehicle tailpipe. In the more complex configurations (dual converters, dual exhaust system), a probe was installed before each converter. Samples were taken from each probe and each tailpipe to evaluate each converter, respectively. Other variations of one and two converters and one and two tailpipes were also encountered. It should be sufficient to say, however, that the test probes were installed in such a way as to permit an assessment of each installed converter individually. The actual test procedure on which the assessment is based is described later in this report. 4.2.5.2 Tire Rotation - Tire tread design and inflation pressure is known to be a factor relative to results from the dynamometer emission test (Federal Test Procedure). Consequently, the industry practice of using only tires of highway tread design (or non-snow and mud design) emerged. We observed this practice and tested each vehicle with tires of highway tread design only Installed on the drive wheels. This practice frequently required snow tires be exchanged or rotated for highway tires installed on the same vehicles. Once this operation was completed, tires in the drive position were inflated to the prescribed 45 psi. When testing was completed, the tires were deflated and returned to the as-received or normal position. ------- 4.2.5.3 Vehicle Fueling and Fuel Analysis - As part of the test prepa- ration process, each vehicle was drained of the as-received fuel. Draining was performed using an external fuel pump via the vehicle tank filler neck or the feed line to the fuel pump depending on which was more convenient. A one pint sample of the drained fuel was collected and retained for analysis. Following the draining process, each tank was recharged with a test fuel suitable for proper vehicle operation. The unleaded test fuel (a standard fuel known as Indolene Clear) was added to converter equipped and certain other vehicles for which it is prescribed. The leaded test fuel (Indolene 30) was added to all other vehicles. These fuels, standards for the Industry, have physical and chemical characteristics similar to typical commercial summer-grade gasolines. They were used to eliminate vehicle test starting and operational problems which would certainly occur using the highly volatile winter-grade as-received tank fuel. This option was also exercised to permit utilization of the fuel economy equations (which are based on the hydrogen/carbon ratio of the Indolene fuels) and to provide assurance test variability associated with fuel differences would not be Introduced. Shortly after fueling was completed, the vehicle was operated a nominal period of 10 minutes on the road. The purpose of this operation is to expend as-received fuel remaining in the carburetor, fuel pump and fuel lines after the draining process. The vehicle was then retired to begin the 12 hour soak prescribed as part of the Federal Test Procedure. 4.2.5.4 Fuel Lead Test - The as-received fuel was tested for lead content using a chemical reagent process. The test was performed in conjunction with pre-test vehicle handling operations. In addition to ------- the reagent, the test kit consists of an ultra-violet light source to accelerate the reaction and a colorimeter to measure fuel sample color changes attributed to the reagent. Color intensity is related to lead content. The analytical process has a sensitivity of about 0.001 grams lead/gallon of fuel. The purpose of this test was to determine if fuel lead, which is damaging to catalyst operation if excessive either in concentration or exposure, was a problem in the Denver area. 4.2.6 Laboratory Test Procedures A specific testing sequence was employed to evaluate each vehicle at each test point. This sequence was comprised of the following tests: The Federal Test Procedure (FTP) The Loaded Mode Test (LMT) including the Converter Efficiency Test (CET) The Two Speed Idle Test (TSIT) These tests are described as follows: 4.2.6.1 Federal Test Procedure - The Federal Test Procedure is a mass emission test which was developed and is used by the Environmental Protection Agency to certify new light-duty motor vehicles for sale to the public. The FTP is also the standard test utilized for the devel- opment of light-duty vehicle emission factors, maintenance factors and a variety of other purposes. The procedure requires the use of a chassis dynamometer to simulate vehicle road operation, a Constant Volume Sampler (CVS) to condition and dilute exhaust from the vehicle to known temper- ature, pressure and volume conditions, an emissions analysis system to analyze the dilute exhaust and various other components and equipment to support the test. All of the test equipment is described later in this report. ------- The Federal Test Procedure consists of a prescribed sequence of operations which simulate a trip In a metropolitan area. Prior to the test, the vehicle is allowed to temperature stabilize (soak) in an area where the temperature Is maintained between 68° and 86°F a minimum period of twelve hours. Although there is no maximum prescribed, we maintained the maximum soak Interval at less than twenty hours to minimize variability associated with the test in this respect. The vehicle is tested from a cold start. Following the soak interval, the vehicle is placed on the chassis dynamometer, the engine is started and the vehicle Is operated over the 23 minute, 7.5 mile driving schedule. This schedule contains a non- repetitive sequence of idle, acceleration, cruise and deceleration modes that are typical of those which are encountered under city traffic and road conditions. When the driving schedule is completed, the engine is shut-down and the vehicle is soaked a period of ten minutes. When this soak Is completed, the engine is re-started and the first 505 seconds of the 23 minute driving schedule is repeated. During the test, ambient air temperature in the area to the front of the vehicle is maintained between 68°F and 86°F. Vehicle speed is maintained within plus or minus two miles per hour and two seconds of the prescribed speed/time profile of the driving schedule. Exhaust samples are collected in three portions; the cold transient portion, the cold stabilized portion and the hot transient portion. Cold transient exhaust sampling begins as the engine is started (from a cold start) and continues 505 seconds into the driving schedule. A dilute exhaust sample from the CVS is collected in a Tedlar bag during this interval. At the 505 second point, the cold stabilized test portion begins ------- and the sample is diverted and collected in a second Tedlar bag. This portion of the test continues until the end of the 23 minute driving schedule. Hot transient exhaust sampling begins when the engine is re-started after the 10 minute soak period and continues for 505 seconds into the driving schedule. The exhaust sample for this portion is collected in a third bag. This constitutes a test. Three dilution or background air samples, corresponding to the three test portions, are also collected in individual background sample bags. Background contamination levels are subtracted from the exhaust sample readings. Each sample (exhaust and background) is analyzed within ten minutes after the test segment is completed. An emissions analytical system (to be described), meeting certain criteria, is utilized for this purpose. During the test, dynamometer inertia flywheels which simulate the weight of the vehicle are engaged. The water brake is also loaded to simulate wind and other resistive forces encountered during actual -road operation. A.2.6.2 Loaded Mode Test - The Loaded Mode Test is a three mode test of relatively short duration (three minutes or less under proper conditions). The specific vehicle speeds and dynamometer loads used during the test are as prescribed by Clayton Manufacturing Company (Clayton Key-mode Test) and are those conditions under which major engine malfunctions are likely to be evident. This test has received much consideration as a quick emission inspection procedure by both the Environmental Protection Agency and state agencies responsible for motor vehicle emission control. The procedure requires the use of a chassis dynamometer to provide and regulate loading of the vehicle and also requires emissions analysis and other equipment to support the test. ------- The Loaded Mode Test involves emissions measurement directly from the tailpipe while the vehicle is operated at each of the three test modes. Vehicle speed and dynamometer load settings correspond to the weight class of the vehicle. Conditions under which this test is run are listed in Table 4. The test is preceded by a soak period no longer than twenty minutes from the last sustained period of engine operation. This is to ensure the test is conducted with the engine at normal operating temperature. At the end of this period, the vehicle is operated at the key-mode with the engine compartment hood open and an auxiliary cooling fan (mounted squarely in front of the vehicle) in use. The test is performed in the order of high cruise, low cruise and idle. At each mode, equilibrium of vehicle speed and tailpipe emission readings are maintained for 30 seconds before the emission readings are recorded. Tailpipe exhaust hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) measurements were taken. Clavton Key Mode Test Conditions Vehicle Meter High Low Class Transmission Dyno Load Cruise Cruise (lbs) Range/Gear hn @ nn>h (mph) (mph) Idle 2000 to Drive or 15 @ 38 36-38 22-25 Auto- 2774 Third matic Trans- 2775 to Drive or 24 § 46 44-46 29-32 mission 3774 High in Drive 3775 and Drive or 30 @ 50 48-50 32-35 up High Table 4, Loaded Mode Test Dynamometer Load and Vehicle Speed and Transmission Settings. ------- A.2.6.3 Converter Efficiency Test - The Converter Efficiency Test was developed specifically for the subject study to provide information on the operating efficiency of the catalytic converter in the high altitude environment and on the possible consequences of catalyst lead contami- nation and other adverse factors. As a practical matter, this test was designed to be conducted in conjunction with the Loaded Mode Test as described above. As designed, the Converter Efficiency Test requires measurements be taken to determine engine exhaust HC, CO, NOx and oxygen (02) readings at two points in the exhaust stream; one before the converter (down- stream of any secondary or injected air) and one after the converter. The converter efficiency probes installed during the vehicle preparation process were utilized for this purpose. In this respect, note should be taken of the fact that tailpipe HC, CO and N0X measurements are provided as part of the Loaded Mode Test so only the additional tailpipe 02 and before catalyst HC, CO, N0X and O2 readings are required to complete the Converter Efficiency Test. The test furnishes an indication of converter efficiency, although not absolute. Providing a sufficient amount of oxygen is supplied, the indication of a catalyst in good working order is a sizeable reduction (70 percent and over) in HC and CO from before to after the material. If sufficient oxygen is not available, HC and CO reduction may be essentially zero. Under these conditions the catalyst may be in perfect working order although no indication of this is provided. As may be inferred, the interpretation of these test results is highly subjective. A.2.6.4 Two Speed Idle Test - The Two Speed Idle Test is another short cycle test requiring the use of emissions analysis equipment and an ------- engine speed measuring device (tachometer). A chassis dynamometer is not required. The Two Speed Idle Test has also been proposed as a possible short cycle emission inspection test. The test may be performed in two minutes or less. It is comprised of two engine operating conditions; curb idle and 2250 engine rpm. Curb idle is defined as that condition the vehicle is operating under when the engine is at normal operating temperature (choke off) and the accelerator is not depressed. On auto- matic transmission equipped vehicles, the curb idle mode may be conducted with the transmission either in the "drive" or "neutral" position. For this program the neutral position was used. The high speed or 2250 engine rpm mode is conducted with the transmission in neutral. The two speeds comprising the Two Speed Idle Test may be considered an improvement over a single speed or curb idle test relative to emissions measurement since some engine loading occurs during the high idle segment. However, any benefits which may be derived in this respect may be marginal compared to the additional time and equipment required to perform this segment of the test. A.2.7 Engine Diagnostic, Maintenance and Parametric Adjustment Procedures Two different approaches were taken to diagnose, maintain and adjust the vehicles. One of these was taken in connection with the separate sample of ten vehicles which were utilized to establish overall engine diagnostic and maintenance procedures and to evaluate certain parametric adjustments for possible application to the primary or 150 vehicle sample. These ten vehicles were treated firstly before any work was done on the primary sample. The other approach was taken on ------- the primary sample where the experience gained in diagnosing and main- taining the first but separate sample of ten vehicles was applied. Details on these processes are provided below: 4.2.7.1 Engine Diagnostic Procedures - One of the major objectives of the study was to design an engine diagnostic procedure which could be applied to indicate emission related malfunctions on the 1975 model- year vehicles. At first glance, these vehicles appeared to pose parti- cular problems in this respect due to the presence of the catalytic converter and its presumably inherent characteristic of masking engine malfunctions as would normally be indicated through emissions measurement at the tailpipe. Since the converter Itself is a key element in emission control on these vehicles, proper diagnosis of malfunction or failure in this area was also to be considered. The course.taken in meeting this objective was directed toward applying proven techniques to diagnose the engine and investigating and applying new techniques to diagnose the converter. While the Converter Efficiency Test discussed earlier proved to be valuable as a laboratory diagnostic procedure, it is impractical when considered for application in most repair garages. Consequently, the objective in this respect was to develop a simple test to determine the condition of the converter. The proven techniques to diagnose engine malfunctions included the following: Ignition system analyses using an ignition oscilloscope, timing light and an engine tachometer. Functional tests of emission control components. Visual inspection of emission control components. Emission readings as taken during the Two Speed Idle Test were also ------- referenced and used for diagnostic purposes. Exhaust hydrocarbon emissions are largely affected by the condition of the ignition system and the exhaust valves. Unnecessarily high HC emission, for example, is attributed to a misfiring cylinder (or cylinders) which can be caused by a fouled spark plug, an open or shorted cylinder ignition wire, pitted or mis-aligned ignition points, etc., or by a burned exhaust valve which permits various quantities of the unburned mixture to escape the cylinder before being ignited. Ignition malfunctions are easily detected using an ignition oscilloscope which displays both primary voltages (voltage applied to the step-up circuit, i.e. the coil and condenser) and secondary voltages (the stepped-up voltage applied to fire the spark plugs) provided to each cylinder. An experienced operator is capable not only of detecting such malfunctions but also isolating them to a given area or part of the ignition system. Burned exhaust valves are also capable of detection using integral features of the ignition oscilloscope or peripheral equipment designed to accomplish the same purpose (cylinder compression and/or leakage testor). Exhaust hydrocarbon emissions are affected to a lessor extent by conditions elsewhere in the engine. Moderately advanced ignition timing, for example, causes moderately but unnecessarily high HC emission as does low engine idling speed. These conditions are also easily detected using the conventional ignition timing light and engine tacho- meter. Moderately high HC emission may also be caused by an over-rich condition in the carburetor. Carbon monoxide emissions are affected primarily by conditions in the carburetor. Unnecessarily high CO emission may be caused by maladjustment of the idle mixture, high float bowl fuel level, a leaking ------- power enrichment valve, or by a restricted air filter element, malfunc- tioning crankcase ventilation system or other maladjustments and malfunc- tions related to the fuel and air metering systems. Unnecessarily high CO emission is more difficult to detect without the benefit of CO measuring Instrumentation although this condition may be indicated indirectly by fuel/air adjustment and other experimentation with the fuel/air mixture. Unlike many of the conventional or non-emission related engine parts, failure of many emission control components is not manifested by poor fuel economy, poor performance or poor driving characteristics. Detection of these failed items requires specific procedures and special equipment. The vehicle manufacturers provide objective tests in their service manuals to indicate the operational status of these components. The thermostat controlling air temperature to the carburetor, for example, requires vacuum, some form of cooling and apparatus for measuring vacuum and temperature to determine the operational status of this component. Other components require similar testing. Visual checks of many emission control parts are also incorporated into the manufacturer's prescribed diagnostic procedures. In addition to being provided with HC and CO readings from the Two Speed Idle Test, the diagnostician was furnished with an HC/CO analyzer. The analyzer was used in conjunction with other of the diagnostic checks to confirm failure relating to the ignition system and problems relating to the fuel/air mixture. Several methods for checking catalyst activity have -been proposed. They vary from measuring converter skin temperature to the inducement of a misfire into the engine. We chose to evaluate the latter. This ------- process involves the Inducement of a systematic misfire into the engine and the concurrent measurement of the catalyst's ability to cause combustion of hydrocarbons from the misfiring cylinder. Misfire was Induced by opening the electrical circuit to one of the spark plugs. In experimenting with this test, we found the results to be relatively meaningless unless sufficient oxygen was available to allow hydrocarbons from the misfiring cylinder to be oxidized. To provide this oxygen, it is frequently necessary to lean out the fuel/air mixture prior to the test. A.2.7.2 Engine Maintenance Procedures - The vehicle manufacturer prescribes certain maintenance be performed on the vehicle at certain mileage points. Since the advent of emission control, much of this maintenance is connected with the continued and proper operation of the emission control systems. This includes not only those systems designed and installed specifically for controlling emissions such as the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve and the positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) valve, but also the more basic engine systems such as ignition and carburetion. The manufacturer also prescribes certain settings or adjustments associated with this maintenance. These settings are in the areas of ignition and carburetion and are required to be maintained if the vehicle is to perform as it was designed to do. Basic ignition timing and idle fuel/air mixture are examples of parameters which can be adjusted. In performing maintenance on the vehicle sample, we pursued a cost-conscious approach and concentrated on repairing and adjusting only those emission control Items and adjustment parameters that required ------- immediate or near term attention. This approach is consistent with the Health Department's philosophy of establishing and relating only emission control costs to the emission control program. In maintaining this philosophy, situations regarding each vehicle were treated individually. In general, however, the below listed guide- lines were followed. Firstly, any emission control part found to be defective, including both parts Installed specifically for emission control purposes and basic engine parts, were replaced. Secondly, any of these same parts were replaced if on the basis of all available information, three-fourths of the expected life for these parts was exceeded. A determination regarding the former was based on the ignition system analysis, functional tests, visual inspections and emission Inspection using the HC/CO analyzer. Regarding the latter, spark plugs, for example, were replaced if 75 percent of their expected life had been exceeded. If, for example, the vehicle manufacturer recommends spark plugs be changed on a given vehicle each 24,000 miles, the plugs were changed if the odometer Indicated over 75 percent of the 24,000 miles, or 18,000 miles. If not, the plugs were not changed unless otherwise found to be performing less than satisfactory. Also, regarding the latter, the air filter element represented the only exception. The air filter element was changed only when the surface area appeared to be better than 60 percent oil or dirt contaminated or otherwise restricted to the same extent. Following repair or replacement of the items in question, the engine parameters were adjusted to manufacturer's specifications, except as indicated in paragraph 4.2.7.3, which follows. These specifications are not only listed in the vehicle service manual, but are also provided ------- on the EPA required engine specification label which must be affixed to the interior of the engine compartment at the time of vehicle assembly. A sample of the required label is provided in Figure 4. 4.2.7.3 Parametric Bigine Adjustments - As mentioned earlier, ten vehicles were utilized to evaluate certain parametric or non-manufacturer- prescribed engine settings. The settings relate to carburetion and ignition and do not require any additional hardware be installed on the engine. They are: Carburetor fuel/air mixture adjustment by a lean-best-idle procedure. Carburetor choke adjustment two increments or notches leaner than specification. Basic ignition timing adjustment five engine degrees more advanced than specified by the vehicle manufacturer. Although the lean-best-idle fuel/air mixture adjustment (presented in Appendix A) is described as a parametric adjustment, it actually is not. On most vehicles to which the procedure may be applied, the final result is within or very close to the tolerance specified by the vehicle manufacturer. This tolerance is frequently expressed as percent CO (as measured at the vehicle tailpipe) with a prescribed tolerance (e.g. 0.5% CO + 0.2% CO). The parametric choke adjustment may be considered as such although this adjustment affects only cold starting of the vehicle and engine operation for the relatively short period of time the choke is operational after the cold start. Such an adjustment, which is not provided on all vehicles, merely reduces tension and, consequently, the angle of set, on the carburetor choke blade. A set choke blade provides the richer fuel/air mixture to facilitate cold starting. Since basic carburetor ------- VEHICLEEMISSIONlCONTROllUNFORIVrATIONii^i IDLE SETTINGS Timing = RPM = * Mixture = See Procedure Make all adjustments with Engine fully warmed up. Transmission in neutral. Headlights off and Air Conditioning compressor not operating. When checking timing, remove hose at distributor and plug hose. •Note: On a new vehicle (under 300 miles) idle speed setting should be reduced 75 RPM, See Service Manual for detailed instructions. PK152 MIXTURE SETTING- -Use exhaust analyzer, placed in probe tap in front of catalytic converter. With air pump outlet hose disconnected, ad|ust idle speed screw and mixture screws to give % carbon monoxide ( A/F ratio) with lowest hydrocarbon level or smoothest idle at RPM. 'After air pump outlet hose is reconnected, readjust idle speed screw QjO i' >0 T1 08 I j Figure A, Sample of Engine Emission Control Specification Label. ------- specifications are generally established at sea-level and mixture enrichment occurs with increasing altitude, the angle of choke blade set can be reduced at altitude to compensate for this enrichment. This reduction will theoretically reduce CO emission. The parametric ignition timing adjustment, five degrees advance in basic timing, is a fuel economy improving and CO reducing measure. Again, specifications are established at sea-level. The timing advance at altitude is desirable to compensate for the lower air density and the attendant slow-down in the cylinder mixture ignition process and late combustion pressure peaking. This measure has its trade-offs, however, since both HC and NOx emissions are increased through its application. As this phase of the program was initiated, the major domestic vehicle manufacturers were contacted and their opinion of and reaction to population-wide implementation of the proposed parametric adjustments were sought. Their responses to the proposed modified settings were generally negative for a variety of reasons and, with the Department's concurrence, the remaining vehicles (primary sample of 150) were evaluated utilizing only the parametric carburetor (lean-best-idle and leaner choke) adjustments. These were included since they could be interpreted to be within the prescribed tolerances, although near the extreme. Copies of letters from the responding manufacturers are provided in Appendix B. A.2.8 Test Facilities and Equipment Testing was conducted in our facilities located at 19900 East Colfax Avenue, Aurora, Colorado 80011. The laboratory is situated at an elevation of 5,486 feet above mean sea-level. ------- The laboratory is housed in a building containing about 3,000 square feet of office and 15,000 square feet of laboratory and shop area. Three complete constant volume sampler (CVS) test cells are available for utilization at this location. One of these test cells was used exclu- sively to perform the study related tests. A fourth test cell is available, but is used primarily in connection with programs conducted outside the Denver area for the EPA in connection with its emission factors development studies. This equipment (including earlier versions) has seen service in Detroit, Chicago, Houston, Phoenix, St. Louis and Daytona Beach. Test equipment used for the subject study is described below. 4.2.8.1 Constant Volume Sampler - The constant volume sampler (CVS), designed and constructed by Automotive Environmental Systems, Inc. of Westminister, California, is of a nominal 325 cfm flow capacity. The CVS mass pump is driven by a line synchronous, 240 volt, 5 hp motor through a gear-belt arrangement. A count of blower revolutions is generated by a magnetic pick-up and displayed on an electrical digital counter. Dilute exhaust temperature is maintained by a gas to water heat exchanger with control functions modulated by a temperature controller. The CVS is equipped with three sets of exhaust and background sample bags. Dilution air is provided through a filtration system comprised of absolute particle and charcoal filters. Prior to testing, the CVS was flow calibrated. A Merriam laminar flow element, Model 50, rated at 1000 cfm at 8 inches of water differ- ential pressure, was utilized to determine CVS flow rates. Auxiliary devices; a mercury barometer, U-tube water and mercury monometers, an inclined water manometer and thermometers; were utilized to observe test ------- conditions. Mass flow through the laminar flow element was calculated as follows: VlfE SCFM = ISCFM x TLC x Pl "H20 406.8"H20 where: VLFE SCFM = absolute flow rate of the laminar flow element in standard cubic feet per minute I SCFM 0 indicated flow rate of the laminar flow element in standard cubic feet per minute Tlc 0 temperature correction factor Pli"H20 = inlet pressure to the laminar flow element in Inches of water and: 406.8"H20 = standard absolute pressure in inches of water The laminar flow element calibration is traceable to flow standards of the National Bureau of Standards. With Vlfe SCFM established, CVS mass pump flow rate was calculated in cfm as follows: V0 - Vt.fe SCFM x 406.8"H20 x Tn °R Rpm Pp"H2° 530°R where: V0 = volume of the mass pump in scfm per revolution VLFE SCFM = volume of laminar flow element in scfm Rpm = mass pump rpm 406.8"H20 = standard absolute pressure in inches, of water Pp"H20 = mass pump inlet pressure in inches of water Tp °R ¦* mass pump inlet temperature in degrees absolute 530°R =« standard absolute temperature in degrees absolute Blower inlet flow rates were determined at several incremental changes in mass pump inlet pressures (Pp) and mass pump differential pressures(Ap). ------- Data were then compared with previous inlet and outlet flow rates and plotted. Mid-range Pp andAp were determined and the corresponding V0 was selected to be utilized in mass emissions calculations. As an additional check of the blower flow rate calibration, propane recovery tests were performed. Propane recovery tolerances of + 2 percent were attained and the initial CVS calibration was completed. A propane recovery test is a technique employed to examine the CVS and emissions analytical system. A weighed quantity of propane is injected into the CVS exhaust collector tube with the CVS in operation. The sample of injected propane is simultaneously collected in the sample bag and analyzed. Results of this analysis are used to calculate the amount of propane recovered in the CVS sample system. Recovery values are compared with the weighed injected value. Recovery within + 2 percent of the quantity injected is an acceptable tolerance. Propane recovery tests were performed on a daily basis for the duration of the program to verify analytical system integrity and testing accuracy. 4.2.8.2 Emission Analytical Console - An analytical console, designed and constructed by AESI, was used to measure and record exhaust emission levels connected with CVS operations. The console is comprised of the following major test equipment: Beckman Model 315A NDIR CO analyzer with optical C02 and water vapor filter for high and mid-range CO measurement. Beckman Model 865 NDIR CO analyzer (optical filter) for low-range CO measurement. Beckman Model 315B NDIR CO2 analyzer. Beckman Model 400 Hydrocarbon Flame ionization detector with 4 range capability. Thermo-Electron Model 10A Chemiluminescent NO and N0X analyzer equipped with thermal converter. ------- Honeywell 2 channel potentiometric 5 inch recorders. Flow control and directional valves and flow rate indicators for introduction and flow control of zero, span and sample gases. A refrigerated ice bath and filter system for sample gas conditioning. The analytical console was designed and constructed in accordance with Federal Register specifications. A supplemental analytical console was utilized in addition to the above equipment to perform the short cycle tests. This console was equipped with a Beckman 315A NDIR hydrocarbon analyzer, a Beckman OM-11 oxygen analyzer, a Texas Instruments two channel potentiometric recorder, and flow and directional control valves, flow rate indicator, and sample conditioning system. Prior to test start-up, the analytical system was calibrated at a minimum of seven points (three points on the FID and NOx instruments) for each operating range. Calibrations were performed using gaseous standards traceable to standards of the EPA Laboratories in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Best fit calibration curves were established with curve fit tolerances maintained within + 2 percent of gaseous standard concentrations. During the testing phase, calibration points were checked and verified for compliance with calibration standards on a weekly basis. Complete analytical system calibrations were performed and verified at monthly intervals. Up-scale calibration points were established both before and after analysis of each exhaust sample. CVS and analytical system plumbing was verified to be free of leaks and in good operating condition on a daily basis. In addition, the thermal converter of the chemiluminescent NO-NOjj analyzer was tested and verified for proper ------- operating efficiency on a daily basis. 4.2,8.3 Chassis Dynamometer - A Clayton Manufacturing Company, Model CT-200, chassis dynamometer was utilized to load the vehicle during CVS and loaded mode emission testing. The dynamometer has been modified to improve the sensitivity and resolution of load settings through installation of a 50 hp scale absorption water brake, meter and torque bridge. Prior to testing, a dynamometer calibration was performed. The dynamometer was initially calibrated for proper speed indication. A line synchronous strobe light was utilized to relate roll speed to a true speed meter indication. A dead weight calibration was then performed using a Clayton-built calibration kit. Dynamometer internal power losses were then determined by the Federal Register coast-down technique. An indicated versus actual horsepower calibration table was developed from coast-down data and was utilized by the vehicle operator to establish load settings for CVS testing operations. During the testing phase coast-down calibrations were performed and verified at monthly intervals. A.2.8.A Laboratory Standard Calibration Gases - A variety of gaseous standards was applied to establish standardized analytical instrumen- tation response curves. A listing of these standards is provided in Table 5. The gases shown are traceable to standards of the EPA labor- atories in Ann Arbor, Michigan. 4.2.8.5 Miscellaneous Equipment - During the course of the program, a variety of garage-type engine tune-up equipment was utilized to maintain and prepare vehicles for testing. The equipment assortment is comprised of a Sun Model TUT-915-R tune-up testor (which Includes an ignition oscilloscope, ignition timing light and tach-dwell meter), pressure and ------- HC (jppm C) Propane in Zero Grade Air 27.0 49.6 98.3 143.1 930 4780 292.3 1422 7310 481 2868 NOx (ppm) Diluent-Zero Grade Nitrogen 48.0 97.0 131.8 245.1 899 1347 439 1018 2447 897 CO (mole %) Diluent-Zero Grade Nitrogen .524 .781 1.29 2.03 3.76 7.02 2.75 4.80 9.09 CO (ppm) Diluent-Zero Grade Nitrogen 10.4 25.8 36.4 49.2 70.5 351.6 1311 88.8 479.0 2001 167.0 1088 2555 248.1 C02 (mole %) Diluent-Zero Grade Nitrogen .406 1.00 1.41 2.78 5.62 1.99 3.61 7.25 Allowable impurities and 0.1 ppm NO. , less than 1 ppm C, 1 ppm CO, 400 ppm C02 Table 5, Concentrations of Gaseous Calibration Standards vacuum gauges, and tools and other equipment normally required in connection with vehicle maintenance and tune-up work. A.2.9 Data Audit Process An audit program was established to ensure reliability of the data. Aside from the automated capability of the described strip chart recorders to provide a permanent record of emission analyzer outputs, the accumulation of raw data was essentially a manual process. During the CVS tests, dilute exhaust stream temperature and pressure conditions are displayed on panel meters and gauges. These relatively constant readings were recorded on the appropriate data sheet by the analytical ------- test instrument operator. Absolute ambient pressure (barometer) conditions were similarly displayed and recorded as were the CVS mass pump revolution count for each test segment and wet and dry bulb temper- atures of air supplied to the front of the test vehicle. Analyzer out- puts (as displayed on the strip chart recorders), which can be inter- polated to about 0.2 percent of recorder full scale, were also recorded on the raw data sheet. A separate sheet was used to record data from each of the Federal Test Procedure, Loaded Mode (including Converter Efficiency) and Two Speed Idle Tests. Engine diagnostic, maintenance and maintenance cost data were also recorded manually. A complete packet of data forms (samples of which are provided in Appendix C) was assigned to and maintained in connection with each vehicle. This packet accompanied the vehicle through the evaluation sequence. When the sequence was completed, each form was visually Inspected to verify all pertinent data had been collected. A further review was conducted to verify the recorded data were in a form accep- table for introduction to the computer. These data were then manually key-punched and entered into temporary computer storage. Subsequently, the input data were listed out and re-proofed to verify the accuracy of on-line transmission and storage. Discrepencies were then resolved and the affected storage files were corrected. At this point in the process, any of the more obvious errors which could have been introduced, had been corrected. The next step was to subject the data to a more detailed inspection. A computer data quality audit program, developed specifically to further screen key-punch, data transmission and logical errors, was applied for this purpose. This ------- audit program subjects each bit of information to a test of reasonableness. Such reasonableness is established if the point in question lies within a pre-determined range or tolerance. This data point range for temperature (dry bulb) of air supplied to the front of the vehicle for CVS testing, for example, is 68°F to 86°F, the actual temperature tolerance for this test. If the respective point is outside this range, the computer will flag the point indicating a requirement for further investigation. The range for a barometer reading, as another example, is from 24.2" Hg to 25.1" Hg, extremes for the physical location of the laboratory. Once any problems relating to the flagged points had been resolved, the data were reduced. The computer performed these operations, as well. The reduced data were printed-out and subjected to a final review and subjective test of reasonableness before the test was declared valid. 4.2.10 Data Reduction 4.2.10.1 Federal Test Procedure Mass Emission Test - The mass emission or CVS tests were reduced in accordance with the procedures of 38 Federal Register 124 which deal with cold and hot start tests. Results are expressed in terms of grams per mile for CO, C02, HC and N0X. 4.2.10.2 Federal Test Procedure Fuel Economy Determination - Fuel economy data were obtained through application of a carbon balance equation which takes into account the carbon content of emissions measured in the CVS exhaust and background sample bags. The fuel economy equation is based on a fuel hydrogen/carbon ratio of 1.85. The equation is as follows: 2808 grams fuel/gal x MPG 0 mi HC grams/mile x 13*875 ------- + CO grams/mile x ^'oi^ + CO2 grams/mile x where: 12.011 » molecular weight of carbon 13.875 = molecular weight of carbon + 1.85 x (H»1.008) 28.01 = molecular weight of CO 44.01 = molecular weight of CO2 4.2.10.3 Loaded Mode and Two Speed Idle Test Procedures - Loaded Mode and Two Speed Idle Test data were measured and are expressed on a volu- metric basis. Data for each mode were adjusted on a dry exhaust volume basis as outlined in the California Exhaust Emission Standards and Test Procedures for 1972 Model-Year Gasoline-Powered Motor Vehicles under 6,001 Pounds Gross Vehicle Weight. CO readings are reported in mole percent. N0X is reported in parts per million. HC as measured by the FID principle is reported in parts per million as carbon. NDIR HC is reported in parts per million as n-hexane. O2 is reported in mole percent. ------- 5. STUDY RESULTS In this section are presented summarized test results and other study findings. Flow diagrams are provided where necessary to illustrate and facilitate understanding of the results and their implications. 5.1 EVALUATION OF PARAMETRIC ADJUSTMENTS Ten vehicles were utilized to evaluate the parametric ignition (5 degree advance in basic timing) and carburetor (leaner choke setting and lean-best-idle mixture adjustment procedure) adjustments. Specific vehicles comprising this sample represented the four major domestic car manufacturers; General Motors, Ford, Chrysler and American Motors. This segment of the evaluation sequence was designed such that the benefits of parametric tuning could be compared on engines in good operating condition to the manufacturer prescribed settings. As pointed out earlier, the settings prescribed by the manufacturer are those which presumably represent the most favorable compromise in vehicle performance relative to fuel economy, emissions, driveability and other vehicle operating characteristics. An illustration of the parametric evaluation sequence and emission and fuel economy results at points pertinent to the evaluation are presented in Table 6. As mentioned earlier, the vehicle manufacturers were contacted regarding the posture they would take concerning these parametric or non-standard adjustments. Of those who responded, the general opinion was that this parametric approach would not generally invalidate the 50,000 mile warranty required by the Clean Air Act, but could do so on an individual basis. In reference to Table 6, these data indicate the main benefit of such adjustments to be in the area of fuel economy, ------- Operation and Sequence-10 Vehicles Emissions (grams/mile) Fuel Economy HC CO NO^ (mpg) 2.23 36.08 1.38 16.7 2.39 35.11 1.47 17.3 Table 6, Mean Emission and Fuel Economy Levels for Manufacturer Prescribed Settings and Experimental Parametric Settings. although, due to the small sample and relatively small fuel economy difference, this may not actually be the case. In any event, it was our opinion based on manufacturer responses that promulgation of the parametric timing adjustment could put the State of Colorado into a position of liability. The Colorado Attorney General's Office has since expressed an opinion to this same effect (Appendix B). Without having had this opinion, however, we believed the parametric carburetor adjust- ments (choke and lean-best-idle settings) were consistent with procedures prescribed by the manufacturers and within the tolerances of normal industry practices. As a result, we proceeded with the balance of the experiment using only the parametric carburetor adjustments. Manufacturer prescribed procedures and adjustment points were otherwise followed. ------- Although the parametric adjustment experiment did not define the component benefits of the parametric settings, we found in earlier studies that parametric carburetor adjustments of this nature tend to lower HC and CO emissions, increase N0X emissions and improve fuel economy. This is not evident from results shown in Table 6 due to the predominant effects of the applied ignition timing advance. Also, it should be noted that relatively little differences in idle mode emissions were found between the manufacturer prescribed method of setting idle mixture and the experimental parametric method. The reason for this is that the lean-best-idle adjustment procedure results in nearly the same idle fuel/air mixture as is produced when following the procedures specified by many of the manufacturers. Fuel/air mixture is a main factor affecting the idle and to a lesser extent the off-idle exhaust CO and HC levels. The advantage of the parametric procedure is that it produces the desired results (or nearly so) without the requirement for an HC/CO analyzer or other special equipment. An engine tachometer is the only piece of equipment required in the procedure. The disadvantage of the procedure is that it may not necessarily produce the lowest emissions possible on each and every vehicle. These are factors that need be considered relative to an Inspection/Maintenance program and the impact equipment requirements may have on the repair industry relative to such program. 5.1.1 Listing of Observations and Conclusions Our observations and conclusions relative to the parametric adjustment evaluation using data from the ten vehicles are as follows: 5.1.1.1 Change in HC Emission - From the maintained manufacturer's specification state to the maintained parametric adjustment state, mean ------- exhaust HC emission changed from 2.23 gm/mi to 2.39 gm/mi. This change calculates to be a 7 percent increase in HC emission due to the parametric adjustments. 5.1.1.2 Change in CO Emission - From the maintained manufacturer's specification state to the maintained parametric adjustment state, mean CO emission changed from 36.08 gm/mi to 35.11 gm/mi. This change calculates to be a 3 percent reduction in CO emission due to the para- metric adjustments. 5.1.1.3 Change in NOx Emission - From the maintained manufacturer's specification state to the maintained parametric adjustment state, mean NOx emission charged from 1.38 gm/mi to 1.47 gm/mi. This change calculates to be a 6 percent increase in NOx emission due to the para- metric adjustments. 5.1.1.4 Change in Fuel Economy - From the maintained manufacturer's specification state to the maintained parametric adjustment state, the mean fuel economy changed from 16.7 miles per gallon to 17.3 miles per gallon. This calculates to be a 4 percent improvement in fuel economy. 5.1.1.5 The Warranty Question - When contacted regarding the posture they would take concerning the parametric adjustments, the manufacturers who responded indicated the parametric approach would not generally invalidate warranties, but could do so on an individual basis. Based on these responses, we concluded that promulgation of the parametric timing adjustment could put the State of Colorado into a position of liability regarding vehicle warranty. The Colorado Attorney General's Office has since expressed an opinion to this same effect. 5.2 1975 MODEL-YEAR LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLE EMISSION INVENTORY One of the objectives of thestudy was to provide exhaust emission data on the 1975 model-year vehicles, approximately 75 percent of which are equipped with catalytic converters. These data are shown in Table 7 along with emission data extracted from Volume XI, A Study of Emission Deterioration and Engine Degradation, of the Colorado High Altitude Vehicular Emission Control Program. Concerning all but the 1975 model- year data, it should be noted that emission levels shown are composites of results from one or more Denver area studies, projected to early calendar-year 1976. The 1975 model-year data are based on measurements developing out of the subject study. ------- Model Year Exhaust Emissions (grams/mile) HC CO NOx Pre-1968 10.77 143.1 2.12 1968 7.71 109.4 2.74 1969 7.52 101.0 3.14 1970 7.05 99.5 3.12 1971 6.62 94.7 3.03 1972 6.37 99.2 2.98 1973 5.52 93.1 2.11 1974 5.25 83.7 1.92 1975 2.43 49.0 1.80 Table 7, Light-Duty Vehicle Exhaust Emission Levels for Denver Area, Updated to Include Model-Year 1975. The downward trend in emissions, particularly hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide, is attributed to the Federal Motor Vehicle Emission Control Program and the extent to which manufacturers of light duty vehicles complied with standards arising out of the Federal Program. In this same respect, however, major factors shaping the emissions vs model-year profile relative to the Denver area are the altitude effects, which the Federal Program did not specifically address, and local maintenance practices. The full impact of the Federal Program will not be evident in high altitude areas until the 1977 model year when vehicles are required to meet standards at the point of sale and the full benefit of vehicle maintenance will probably not be realized until a mandatory I/M program or similar emission control strategy goes into effect. In addition to these factors, the emission vs model-year profile is affected by emissions degradation inherent in the vehicle and by the Federal test procedures and emission standards. Test procedures have changed three times since the Federal Program was initiated with ------- an equal number of emission standard changes. The overall result associated with these changes, however, is a general lowering of emission levels in each successive model year which is, in fact, the indication provided by the data in Table 7. 5.2.1 Listing of Observations and Conclusions Our comments, observations and conclusions relative to the 1975 model-year Denver area vehicles using baseline data from the sample of 150 vehicles are as follows: 5.2.1.1 Exhaust Emission Factors for the 1975 Model Year - The average age of the sample studied was about six months. At this point in the history of these vehicles the mean exhaust emission levels were measured at 2.43 gm/mi HC, 49.0 gm/mi CO and 1.80 gm/mi NOx. These levels may be compared to the interim Federal Standards of 1.5 gm/mi HC, 15 gm/mi CO and 3.0 gm/mi NOx, standards which applied to the vehicle at the point of manufacture. 5.2.1.2 Trend in Emission Factors - These inventory factors, however different from the Federal Standards, follow the downward trend in emission levels evident with each successively newer vehicle model year. 5.3 EMISSION REDUCTION FACTORS FOR THE 1975 MODEL-YEAR VEHICLES The effectiveness or emission reduction factors associated with an Inspection/Maintenance program will be determined by the standards or rejection rates that are established and the degree to which these standards are regulated. This effectiveness will be limited by the average existing emission (baseline) condition versus the lowest emissions obtainable through the I/M approach on the subject population of vehicles. Standards may be established to produce emissions at virtually any point within this range but, realistically, should be set taking a number of practical factors into account. The number of vehicles requiring service as opposed to the number or capacity of the repair industry to provide this service is one of these factors. Another is the capacity of the inspection network to confirm the satisfactory performance of the repairs ------- (emission re-tests), etc. In any case, it is desirable to know the benefits and associated costs for the full spectrum of vehicle failure or rejection rates. As indicated above, the rejection rate may be established at any point depending on the goal. This is accomplished by raising or lowering the emission standard. A standard, of course, is a given emission level associated with a given test procedure. The same standard expressed in connection with some other test procedure has entirely different implications. In conducting that phase of the study involving the 150 vehicles, the strategy selected to provide effectiveness (and cost) data for the variety of rejection rates and the two short cycle tests in question was to repair all vehicles without regard for the as-received vehicle test results by either of the short cycle test procedures. This approach, which permits an after the fact analysis of many variables, is explained below in more detail. As indicated earlier, each vehicle was emission tested both before and after maintenance by the Federal Test Procedure (FTP), a loaded mode test and an idle test. Given the definition that FTP results are representative of emissions from vehicles operating in a metropolitan area (the Denver area, for example), FTP results may be utilized as a standard to measure and determine emission reduction factors associated with maintenance of the vehicle (engine and/or catalyst). Furthermore, these reductions may be determined for any failure or rejection rate from zero to 100 percent by two mathematical options that are commonly applied. One option relates to the number of vehicles failing HC vs the number failing CO1. The other relates to the failing of vehicles by high emissions ------- vs the failing of vehicles on which the highest grams per mile or mass emission reductions can be attained. Regarding the first option, we selected standards which would fail vehicles by HC and CO emissions equally. This means that the emission standards are selected at a given rejection rate such that one-half of the vehicles will fail due to high HC emission (or emission reduction) and one-half will fail due to high CO emission (or emission reduction). This approach assumes the need to achieve both HC and CO reduction equally. The emission standards could, however, be biased one way or the other depending on the objective. The employment of this 50% HC/50% CO rejection method was done for our purposes by computer iteration and actually produces: a given number of vehicles which fail the selected IIC standard; the same number which fail the CO standard and a different number which fail both. Regarding the second, we selected the option which would indicate the highest mass emissions achievable. This option or procedure is termed A FTP Rejection. AFTP Rejection consists of ranking emission reductions by vehicle (the difference in levels from before to after maintenance) from the highest to the lowest reductions. Once this ranking is completed, the emission reductions associated with a given rejection rate may be deter- mined. This is accomplished by counting down the ranked list to the rejection rate in question. Subsequent to this, the mean HC, CO and NOx emission levels corresponding to the selected rejection rate are calculated. This calculation includes after maintenance data for all vehicles appearing at and above the selected rejection rate and before maintenance data for all vehicles below the selected rate. This ------- mathematical mean is then compared to the mathematical mean established for all vehicles in the as-received condition. Mean emission and fuel economy levels calculated for the 150 vehicles at the selected rejection rates in this fashion (equal HC/CO failure,AFTP Rejection) are shown in Table 8. These same data are presented in terms of mass (grams/mile) reduction and percent reduction (from the baseline or as-received state) in Table 9. As indicated by these data, maintenance of the failed vehicles is relatively effective for successively higher rejections through the 50 to 60 percent rate. Beyond this range, the incremental gains tend to diminish. As may be inferred from the definition of this process, the results shown represent the greatest reductions attainable for this sampling of vehicles. Rejection Exhaust Emissions (gm/mi) Fuel Economy Rate HC CO NOx (mpg) Baseline 2.43 49.0 1.80 14.9 10% 2.17 43.9 1.79 15.0 20% 2.01 40.4 1.77 15.1 30% 1.90 38.4 1.75 15.1 40% 1.84 37.1 1.72 15.1 50% 1.79 35.9 1.71 15.1 60% 1.75 35.2 1.67 15.0 70% 1.75 34.7 1.68 15.0 80% 1.73 34.5N 1.67 15.0 90% 1.74 34.6 1.67 15.0 100% 1.78 35.4 1.65 15.0 Table 8, Emission and Fuel Economy Levels at Various Rejection Rates, Equal HC/CO Failure, AFTP Rejection. ------- Rejection Improvements from Baseline Condition Rate HC CO N0X Fuel (g/m) (%) (s/m) SSL (ff/m) (%) (mpg) (%) 10 % 0.26 10.8 5.1 10.4 0.02 0.4 0.1 0.0 20% 0.42 17.3 9.6 17.6 0.04 2.0 0.1 1.0 30% 0.53 21.8 10.6 21.6 0.05 3.0 0.2 1.1 40% 0.60 24.6 11.9 24.3 0.09 4.7 0.2 1.0 50% 0.65 26.7 13.1 26.7 0.09 5.1 0.2 1.1 60% 0.68 28.2 13.9 28.3 0.13 7.3 0.1 1.0 70% 0.69 28.2 14.4 29.3 0.12 6.8 0.1 0.7 80% 0.70 28.7 14.6 29.7 0.13 7.4 0.1 0.6 90% 0.69 28.5 14.5 29.6 0.13 7.2 0.1 0.7 100% 0.65 26.9 13.6 27.8 0.15 8.5 0.0 0.2 Table 9, Emission and Fuel Economy Improvements at Various Rejection Rates, Equal HC/CO Failure,A FTP Rejection. 5.3.1 Listing of Observation and Conclusions Emission reduction factors which can be expected through maintenance of the 1975 model-year vehicles were determined for rejection rates from 0 to 100 percent in 10 percent increments. A mathematical model which assumes the need for equal HC and CO reduction was developed for this purpose. This model (AFTP Rejection), indicates, by definition, the maximum reductions attainable for the rejection rate in question. On this basis, the following is observed: 5.3.1*1 Trends in Emission Reduction - Maintenance of the failed vehicles resulted in higher HC and CO emission reduction factors for successively higher rejection rates through about the 50 to 60 percent rate. Beyond this range the incremental gains tend to diminish. 5.3.1.2 Emission Reduction at 40 Percent Rejection - At the 40 percent rejection rate the maximum reductions that can be expected are 0.6 gm/mi HC, 11.9 gm/mi CO and 0.09 gm/mi NOx. In terms of percent reduction from the baseline condition the factors are calculated to be 24.6 percent HC, 24.3 percent CO and 4.7 percent N0X. At this same rate fuel economy improvement was found to be about 1 percent which is regarded to be an insignificant amount. 5.4 MAINTENANCE COST FACTORS FOR THE 1975 MODEL-YEAR VEHICLES Unlike the approach taken in past studies for the Department, the ------- 1975 model-year vehicles were repaired by laboratory personnel as opposed to the repairs being performed by commercial repair shop personnel. This approach was taken because the emission control catalyst technology was relatively new to the repair industry and there was not sufficient time to provide the required training. It is our opinion, however, that the same results would have and could be achieved with properly trained industry personnel. In any case, it was necessary to develop a measure of commercial charges which can be associated with the repair of these vehicles. Also unlike past studies, it was necessary to evaluate and / apply certain and more elaborate emission control system diagnostic procedures due to the more sophisticated emission control technology utilized in the 1975 model year. On the basis of this evaluation, we concluded a diagnostic procedure was in order and considered it advisable to include a commeasurate charge for this procedure in with the repair charges. The basis upon which this charge was developed and the rationale connected with it is presented below. The catalytic converter contains certain materials which promote combustion. In the presence of oxygen (such as may be provided the converter by an air pump), combustibles emitted by the engine (HC and CO) are burned (oxidized) in the converter. The rate at which these combustibles are oxidized is determined by a number of factors including combustible concentration, oxygen concentration and the efficiency of the catalyst in promoting such combustion. Consequently, the catalyst has the capability of masking many malfunctions and maladjustments present within the engine which are otherwise easily detected (although not necessarily identified) by tailpipe HC/CO analysis. As a further consequence, the presence of the catalytic converter compounds problems associated with diagnosing causes for unnecessarily high emissions since it not only has the capacity to mask high HC/CO emissions but may also vary in its own efficiency due to a variety of factors (lead contamination, physical decom- position due to exposure to high temperatures, etc). Through experimentation with the 10 vehicles used also to evaluate the parametric adjustments, the compounding of diagnostic problems ------- associated with the converter was confirmed and the diagnostic procedures described under paragraph 4.2.7 were developed. A measure of the time required to complete the procedures and review the diagnostic information in preparation for maintenance was also developed. We concluded it reasonable that one hour be charged for this purpose. This does, however, represent a departure from current industry practice in that diagnostic fees, although generally included on the repair bill are not so specifi- cally identified. On the other hand, this one hour charge includes not only labor for the diagnostic effort but labor associated with the basic engine adjustments which are an Integral part of the diagnostic procedure, as well. As mentioned earlier, these basic adjustments include idle fuel/air mixture, idle speed (rpm), choke angle and ignition timing. Given the confirmed requirement for the diagnostic procedure, the next step was to determine cost. An informal survey of industry charges Indicated the typical shop charge for a skilled mechanic to be $15 per hour. Consequently, the minimum charge for a failed vehicle, which includes the diagnostic procedures and those adjustments included as part of the diagnostic process is $15. The remaining costs which comprise the determined maintenance cost factors are based on the repair industry's flat-rate manual covering the specific repair and list cost for the required parts. This repair pricing estimate is consistent with industry practice. Flat-rate manual charges, which allow a fixed amount of time for a specific repair, are also based on the typical $15 per hour shop charge. 1975 model-year maintenance cost factors, also, are based on those procedures applied to determine the emission reduction factors. A FTP Rejection and failure by HC and CO emissions equally are the selected criteria. These factors are shown in Table 10. ------- Rejection Maintenance Costs ($) Including $15 Diagnostic Fee Rate Per Vehicle Per Failed Vehicle 10% 2.01 20.12 20% 3.69 18.46 30% 5.32 17.74 40% 7.06 17.66 50% 8.74 17.48 60% 10.55 17.58 70% 12.28 17.54 80% 14.23 17.64 90% 16.31 18.12 100% 17.99 17.99 Table 10, Average Vehicle Diagnostic and Maintenance Costs at Various Rejection Rates, Equal HC/C0 Failure, A FTP Rejection. 5.4.1 Listing of Observations and Conclusions Maintenance cost factors for the 1975 model-year vehicles were determined for rejection rates from 0 to 100 percent in 10 percent increments. These factors are directly related to the emission reduction factors presented in paragraph 5.3. Our observations and conclusions regarding the maintenance process and the costs associated with this process are as follows: 5.4.1.1 Diagnostic Process and Cost - Experimentation with the ten parametric adjustment evaluation vehicles indicated a requirement for a diagnostic process to precede the repairs. This process requires about one hour to complete. At the current industry hourly rate, the diagnostic procedure will cost $15. This diagnostic fee is a departure from current industry practices but is considered essential to maintaining the integrity of a catalyst equipped vehicle maintenance program. It is reasonable to expect that this fee will include charges for the basic carburetor and ignition system adjustments, however. 5.4.1.2 Maintenance Labor and Parts - The other elements comprising the maintenance cost factors are labor and parts. Labor is based on the repair industry's flat-rate manual covering the specific repair and list cost for the required parts. 5.4.1.3 Cost Factors - The maintenance cost factors (including the $15 diagnostic fee) were found to average about $20 per failed vehicle at ------- 10 percent rejection and $18.50 per vehicle at 20 percent rejection. At 30 percent and above, the factors are relatively constant at about $17.50 per failed vehicle. Relating to the overall sample the maintenance costs were computed to be $2.01 per vehicle at 10 percent rejection, $3.69 per vehicle at 20%, $5.32 per vehicle at 30 percent, $7.06 per vehicle at 40 percent and so on up to $17.99 per vehicle at 100 percent rejection. 5.5 IDLE INSPECTION EFFECTIVENESS VERSUS LOADED MODE INSPECTION EFFECTIVENESS As discussed earlier, each of the 150 vehicles was treated as a failed vehicle and was subjected to the diagnostic and maintenance process. Each was also tested by the FTP, the Loaded Mode and the Idle Test before and after the process. This approach was taken to permit an assessment of the variables of interest which would not have otherwise been possible under program constraints. In addition to other variables, some of which have already been discussed, the rejection of all vehicles without regards to the inspection method under test (idle test, loaded mode test) enabled us to evaluate the two methods on a presumably equal basis. The disadvantage of this approach is that the diagnostic quality of the inspection method cannot be evaluated. As also discussed, however, a diagnostic procedure much more involved than either of the short cycle tests under scrutiny was found to be essential. Two inspection procedures were to be evaluated; the Loaded Mode Test and the Idle Test. So the importance of the inspection procedure may be understood, a discussion of both procedures and how they differ from the defined evaluation standard, the Federal Test Procedure, is in order. The driving schedule of the FTP was established to represent a trip in a metropolitan area, the merits of which are not under consid- eration. The test is conducted from a cold engine start. In contrast, ------- Che Loaded Mode and Idle Tests are performed with the engine well warmed-up. Cold start HC and CO emissions are of primary consideration relative to atmospheric pollution since they are at an extreme relative high and generally occur twice a day (before work and after work, for example). The FTP driving schedule consists of variable speed or transient operation including periods of acceleration (at numerous possible rates), cruise (at numerous possible speeds up to 57 mph) and deceleration (at numerous possible rates) in addition to periods of idle. The Loaded Mode schedule consists of two constant speeds and an idle period (no transient operation). The Idle Test is confined to idle operation (also no transient operation). HC and CO emissions under transient conditions are also of primary consideration since these conditions occur repeatedly in connection with the vehicle in and on metropolitan area traffic and road- ways. The FTP produces true mass emission data. Loaded Mode and Idle Testing produce only an indication of tailpipe emission concentration, which without exhaust flow, cannot be wholly equated to mass flow. Relative to the atmosphere, mass is the primary consideration. These are the essential differences except for the time factors. The FTP requires a minimum of about 13 hours to complete while both the Loaded Mode and Idle tests can be completed well within a period of ten minutes. In evaluating effectiveness of the two candidate inspections, simple mean effectiveness factors were firstly established for the A FTP Rejection concept and secondly established for the candidate procedures. Effectiveness factors are defined as those HC and CO reductions (in terms of percent reduction from the as-received vehicle state to the after-maintenance vehicle state) which can be expected at specific rejection rates through application of the inspection procedures under ------- investigation. Again, no attempt was made to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of the candidate methods. In addition to A FTP Rejection effectiveness data, provided again as a measure of absolute inspection method performance, effectiveness data were developed for the Idle Test and for three treatments of data from the Loaded Mode Test. Again, these procedures are evaluated based on failure by HC and CO emissions equally. Rejection rates from 10 to 100 percent in 10 percent increments were examined. The three Loaded Mode Test data treatments were performed to reveal possible effectiveness differences from one treatment to another and to test on a cursory basis the sensitivities of varying data reduction applications to the Loaded Mode raw data measurements. An explanation of the specific procedures utilized in developing the emission reduction or effectiveness factors and pertinent comments are provided below. Some of the previous expla- nation and comments are repeated. A FTP Rejection ranks vehicles in descending order from the highest reductions attainable to the lowest reductions attainable without regard to the absolute emission state. This ranking was necessarily performed after all vehicles were rejected and all tests (both before and after maintenance) were completed. As an inspection process A FTP Rejection is totally impractical not only because of the sophisticated FTP procedural and equipment necessities (the actual performance of the FTP is an absolute requirement), but also because it depends on a sizeable data base. This base need be comprised not only of emission reduction standards (not merely emission standards), but a quantity of vehicle identification and related historical maintenance data (upon which ------- standards would also be based), as well. As a consequence, the procedure is used only In the experimental context and for the stated purpose. Idle Test Rejection ranks vehicles in descending order from the highest emission levels measured to the lowest emissions measured based solely on the as-received Idle Test results. Although this ranking was also performed after all vehicles were rejected and all tests were completed, this approach is merely an experimental strategy employed to evaluate the given process and is not a prerequisite to implementation of the subject test. Idle Test Rejection is a practical inspection method because of its relatively simple procedural and equipment neces- sities and also because of the relatively small data base (1,000 vehicle tests should be adequate) required for its implementation. Three versions of Loaded Mode Test Rejection were developed and evaluated for the reasons discussed. These are termed High Value Rejection, Average Value Rejection and Composite Value Rejection. Test procedures and raw data accumulation are common to each. High Value Rejection utilizes the highest HC value and the highest CO value measured at any of the three test modes (high cruise, low cruise and idle) as the basis for determining emission failure. These high HC and CO values do not necessarily occur in the same mode. This method of inspection (rejection) is particularly adaptable to a basic or manual inspection procedure in that data need not be processed beyond the actual measurement before the passing or failing indication is provided. Average Value Rejection is based on the average HC value and the average CO value for the three modes with each mode receiving equal weighting. Unlike High Value Rejection, Average Value Rejection requires further processing (the averaging process) of the measured emissions ------- before the pass/fail indication is available. Composite Value Rejection is based on composite HC and CO values derived from linear regression analysis. Unlike the two other Loaded Mode Test Rejection methods, for which the standards are expressed in terms of tailpipe emission concentration (parts per million HC and percent CO), standards for Composite Value Rejection are expressed in grams per mile for both HC and CO. Details concerning the linear regression analysis and the resulting best fit equations are provided in Appendix D. This rejection method, obviously, also requires processing of the measured HC and CO emissions before the pass/fail status of the vehicle can be determined. Loaded Mode Rejection (each of the three above) also ranks vehicles in descending order from the highest to the lowest emissions measured (or calculated, as applicable) based solely on the as-received results. For experimental purposes, also, these rankings were performed after all vehicles were rejected and all tests were completed (not a prerequisite for implementation). Loaded Mode Rejection is much more practical than A FTP Rejection, but less practical than Idle Test Rejection due to the additional equipment requirements (the chassis dynamometer, possible requirement for cooling the vehicle, etc.). High Value Rejection may be a manual data handling process. Average Value and Composite Value Rejection, however, would be more efficiently handled using an automated data processing system (a mini-computer, for example). Although each of the described rejection procedures was used to independently identify failures associated with the respective procedure, mass emission results from the FTP were utilized as the effectiveness measure. As described earlier in connection with the emission factors development, the effectiveness calculation utilizes after maintenance ------- mass emission data from all vehicles appearing at and above the selected rejection point and before maintenance mass data from all vehicles appearing below the rejection point. The mean established on this basis is then compared to the mean for all vehicles in the as-received emission state. HC and CO emission reduction data arising out of these processes are shown in Tables 11 and 12. Rejection HC Emission Reduction (Percent) Rate FTP Loaded Mode Curb Idle High Value Avg. Value Composite 10% 10.8 7.9 6.5 7.9 5.5 20% 17.3 12.2 10.9 12.3 11.4 30% 21.8 16.4 16.5 16.9 14.1 40% 24.6 19.3 19.0 19.6 18.2 50% 26.7 22.4 21.0 21.6 21.0 60% 28.2 23.8 22.6 22.1 21.9 70% 28.2 23.9 24.1 23.8 22.5 80% 28.7 24.1 24.7 24.7 24.2 90% 28.4 26.2 25.9 25.8 26.0 100% 26.9 26.9 26.9 26.9 26.9 Table 11, Percent HC Reduction for Rejection by A FTP, Loaded Mode and Curb Idle Inspection Procedures. Rejection CO Emission Reduction (Percent) Rate FTP Loaded Mode Curb Idle High Value Avg. Value Composite 10% 10.4 8.5 6.9 7.8 5.8 20% 17.6 13.5 13.7 14.0 13.0 30% 21.6 18.9 19.4 19.9 16.9 40% 24.3 22.9 22.4 23.1 21.0 50% 26.7 25.6 25.0 25.1 23.4 60% 28.3 27.2 26.8 26.1 24.7 70% 29.3 27.7 27.0 26.9 24.9 80% 29.7 27.4 27.4 27.4 25.9 90% 29.5 27.8 27.7 27.6 26.9 100% 27.8 27.8 27.8 27.8 27.8 Table 12, Percent CO Reduction for Rejection by A FTP Loadec Mode and Curb Idle Inspection Procedures. ------- Regarding the Loaded Mode Test, these data Indicate relatively small effectiveness differences between the three data processing techniques examined, particularly at 30 percent rejection and above. Regarding Loaded Mode vs Idle Test effectiveness differences, however, the analysis was carried further. The next step in evaluating the effectiveness of the Idle Test and the Loaded Mode Test, thereby establishing the relative benefits of each, was to compare the two, independently, to the Federal Test Procedure. We chose the Composite Value Rejection technique to represent the Loaded Mode Test since the mathematical procedure used in the composite calcu- lation was as directly as possible relatable to the FTP. As mentioned earlier, Loaded Mode Composite Value Rejection is based on results obtained by linear regression analysis. Regression is a mathe- matical technique for obtaining a functional relationship among variables where the values of one variable can be measured in terms of the associated variable (s), in this case Loaded Mode data and FTP data. The method of least squares was utilized to obtain regression coefficients between the two sets of data. In performing this analysis, we utilized every reasonable vehicle related variable and reasonable combination of vehicle related variables (multiple linear regression analysis) to develop the best possible linear correlations in this respect. This process indicated the best linear correlation to be related to the number of cylinders. It is on this basis the relationships between the FTP mass emission results and the Idle and Loaded Mode Composite Value Tests are described. The next step is one of correlation, that is the degree of relationship between variables, which seeks to determine how well a linear or other equation describes or explains the relationship between variables. If all ------- values of the variables satisfy an equation exactly, it can be stated that the variables are perfectly correlated or that there is perfect correlation between then. Thus, a value near zero (0) means that there is almost no linear correlation between the variables. A correlation coefficient with a value near one (1) would indicate a near perfect correlation between variables. A commonly accepted rule for interpreting correlation coefficent values, is to regard the correlation as significant if the probability is less than 1 chance in 20 (P » 0.05) that the correlation values will occur by accident. The correlation coefficients expressed in Table 13, resulted from the above described operations and indicate a true correlation of variables. Thus, there is a significant correlation between the FTP mass emission results and the Idle and Loaded Mode Composite Value Tests. Of the two methods in question, the Loaded Mode Test has a higher correlation of results with the FTP than does the idle test, though both are significant. All of the before and after maintenance emission tests (a total of 300 observations) were used in formulating these relationships. Inspection Correlation Coefficients Method 4 Cyl. 6 Cyl. 8 Cyl. HC CO HC CO HC CO Curb Idle 00 r** • .79 .77 .53 .71 .74 Loaded Mode .86 .92 .81 .85 • 00 .86 Table 13, Correlation Coefficients for FTP Versus Idle and Loaded Mode Composite Value Inspection. ------- As a final consideration, a statistical analysis of emissions for the vehicle sample before and after maintenance using "Student's" t distribution was performed. The results are summarized in Table 14. In this analysis, we tested the hypothesis that the mean of the baseline was equal to the mean of each rejection level of the idle and Loaded Mode Composite. In other words, it was presumed that no significant reduction of emissions was accomplished. In this analysis, we are testing the hypothesis at the .05 level of significance. For the sample size in question, the critical value for rejection of the hypothesis is 1.96. Inspection Rejection HC (gm/mi) t-Score Method Rate (%) Mean S.D. Baseline 0 2.43 1.22 Idle 10 2.30 1.14 -0.98 It 20 2.15 1.00 -2.15 tl 30 2.09 0.94 -2.72 II 40 1.99 0.88 -3.60 It 50 1.92 0;80 -4.27 LM-Comp 10 2.23 1.05 -1.47 it 20 2.13 0.97 -2.36 ii 30 2.02 0.90 -3.34 n 40 1.96 0.84 -3.94 tt 50 1.91 0.83 -4.36 CO (gm/mi) Baseline 0 49.03 29.43 Idle 10 46.21 27.69 -0.85 tt 20 42.68 24.06 -2.05 it 30 40.76 22.33 -2.74 it 40 38.72 20.57 -3.52 it 50 37.55 20.12 -3.94 LM-Comp 10 45.20 26.63 -1.18 it 20 42.17 22.62 -2.26 it 30 39.25 20.04 -3.36 it 40 37.70 18.94 -3.96 it 50 36.72 18.95 -4.31 Table 14, Means, Standard Deviations and T-Scores for Idle and Loaded Mode Changes from 10% Through 50% Rejection Levels. ------- Thus, if an obtained value of t is greater in absolute value than the above tabled value of 1.96, the hypothesis must be rejected (negative values indicating a decrease and positive values an increase in emissions from baseline). From Table 14, we see that from the 20% and up levels of rejection, the absolute value of the obtained t-score is greater than 1.96. Thus, the discrepency between the mean of the baseline and the means of each rejection level above 10% is too great to be simply due to chance fluctuation alone, and hence conclude that there has been a significant reduction of emissions (evident by negative t-values) for both the Idle and Loaded Mode Composite rejection and maintenance methods. 5.5.1 Listing of Observations and Conclusions In the process of determining the relative benefits of Idle vs Loaded Mode Inspection, three mathematical treatments of Loaded Mode Data were developed and analyzed to test the sensitivities of varying data reduction techniques relative to the Loaded Mode Test. We found that the three treatments produced about the same HC and CO reductions, particularly at the 30 percent rejection rate and above. The Composite Value Rejection treatment was used to represent the Loaded Mode Test, however, since the results of this treatment, developed through linear regression analysis, are as directly as possible relatable to the Federal Test Procedure. Our observations and conclusions concerning the Loaded Mode vs the Idle Test are as follows: 5.5.1.1 Correlation between the Federal Test Procedure and the Loaded Mode and Idle Test - There is a significant correlation between the Federal Test Procedure and both the Loaded Mode and Idle Tests. Signif- icant correlation is defined as a probability of less than 1 chance in 20 (probability of 0.05) that the correlation values will occur by accident. ------- 5.5.1.2 Emission Reduction Effectiveness of Loaded Mode vs Idle Inspection - A statistical analysis of the emission reduction effectiveness of both Loaded Mode and Idle Tests was performed using "Student's" t distribution. For the sample size in question the critical t value at the 0.05 level of significance is 1.96. We found that neither the Loaded Mode nor the Idle Test produced significant reductions at 10 percent rejection. At 20 percent and higher rejection rates, however, both the Loaded Mode and the Idle Test produced reductions that are regarded as statistically significant. 5.6 EMISSION IDENTIFICATION - IDLE AND LOADED MODE TESTS VERSUS THE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE In 5.5 above, some of the vehicle operational and other differences between the Federal Test Procedure and the Idle and Loaded Mode Tests were discussed. Also presented were data indicating correlations between results from the Federal Test Procedure and results from each of the Idle and Loaded Mode Tests. In the statistical context, these correlations were found to be significant although the Loaded Mode Test has a higher correlation of results with the FTP than does the Idle Test. It was also found that both candidate procedures produced statistically significant HC and CO reductions at rejection rates of 20 percent and higher. These findings, however, do not sufficiently describe the relationship between results from the Federal Test Procedure and results from each of the candidate procedures, particularly when considering the candidate procedures as a substitute for the Federal Test Procedure as has been proposed. In further analyzing emission result relationships between the Federal Test Procedure and the Idle and Loaded Mode Tests, we developed the scattergrams shown in Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 which are constructed using data from as-received or before maintenance tests on the 150 sampled vehicles. In these diagrams, FTP mass (grams/mile) hydrocarbon ------- F E D E R A L T E S T P R 0 C E D U R E 10.0 + 9.0 + 8.0 + 7.0 + 6.0 + 5.0 + 4.0 + 21 1 1 13 3.0 +— 2 1 11 2 2 13 11 12 11 1 2.0+2 1111 32333 1 2 541 .237 1 121 2 .511 1 .2 1 1.0 0.0 +-- T o Figure 5 SCATTER DIAGRAM OF IDLE INSPECTION TEST VERSUS FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE FOR HYDROCARBONS I 1 1 1 2 1 II 2 1 1 1-4- 3 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 + + + + T 300 T 600 t 900 t 1200 T 1500 t 1800 IDLE INSPECTION TEST LEGEND: DIGITS SHOWN ON GRAPH REPRESENT THE NUMBER OF COINCIDENT DATA POINTS. IF MORE THAN NINE ARE COINCIDENT. AN 'X' IS PRINTED. AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX. AURORA. COLO. 80011 ------- Figure 6 SCATTER DIAGRAM OF LOADED MODE COMPOSITE VALUE VERSUS FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE FOR HYDROCARBONS F E D E R A L T E S T P R 0 C E D U R E 10.0 9.0 + 8.0 + 7.0 + 6.0 + 5.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 -t- 2.0 + 1.0 + 0.0 T 0.0 LEGEND: 1 1 _L12 1 1 1 1 11 21 1 12 11 1 1 1 1 11 11 3313 1221 1 1 242 1 111224211 1 141 11 43 1 1 121 1112 1 11 1 1 2 I 1 1 1 II 11 111 1 1 1 2 11 12 1 1 1 i!2 T 2.4 3.6 J8 t 6.0 t 7.2 LOADED MODE COMPOSITE VALUE DIGITS SHOWN ON GRAPH REPRESENT THE NUMBER OF COINCIDENT DATA POINTS. IF MORE THAN NINE ARE COINCIDENT. AN 'X' IS PRINTED. AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX. AURORA. COLO. 80011 ------- Figure 7 SCATTER DIAGRAM OF IDLE INSPECTION TEST VERSUS FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE FOR CARBON MONOXIDE 150 - 1 135 - - + 1 1 120 - - 1 + 1 1 1 1 F 105 + + E 1 D 11 E 1 1 1 R 1 1 A 90 + 1 + L 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 T 1 E 1 S 75 + 1 1 1 + T 1 1 2 P 1 2 1 1 R 1 1 1 1 1 0 60 + 1 1 + C 1 E . 11 D 2 11 1 U 21 1 1 1 1 1 R 45 +1 1 1 1 1 1 + E 411 11 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 4 11 1 1 221111 1 1 1 30 11 11 + 51 2 11 5 3111 15 +11 1 1 + 6 1 1 1 1 1 00 - 00 + 1 H——I H H 1 I H h 1 H + j ; i i i is j IDLE INSPECTION TEST LEGEND: DIGITS SHOUN ON GRAPH REPRESENT THE NUMBER OF COINCIDENT DATA POINTS. IF MORE THAN NINE ARE COINCIDENT. AN 'X' IS PRINTED. AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX. AURORA. COLO. 80011 ------- Figure 8 SCATTER DIAGRAM OF LOADED MODE COMPOSITE VALUE VERSUS FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE FOR CARBON MONOXIDE F E D E R A L T E S T P R 0 C E D U R E 150 135 + 120 + 105 + 90 + 75 + 60 + 45 + 30 + 15 + 00 T 0 1 1 111 1 211 2 2 1211 31 1 11 1 2 2 11111 2321 1 2 31 1 13 1 11 11 4 1 11211 22 1 71 1 4 11 1 1 1 1 I ———-f- 11 1 11 1 1 1 2 1 12 1 1 1 1 11 + + t 30 T 60 T 90 T 120 t 150 T 180 LOADED MODE COMPOSITE VALUE LEGEND: DIGITS SHOWN ON GRAPH REPRESENT THE NUMBER OF COINCIDENT DATA POINTS. IF MORE THAN NINE ARE COINCIDENT. AN 'X' IS PRINTED. AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX. AURORA. COLO. 80011 ------- and carbon monoxide resulcs are plotted against both Loaded Mode Composite Value calculated mass (grams/mile) hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide results and Idle concentration hydrocarbon (ppm n-hexane) and carbon monoxide (mole percent) results on a vehicle by vehicle basis. In presenting the results of this analysis, we chose to delineate in each of the scattergrams the 30 percent rejection rate. This delineation is provided by the vertical and horizontal lines appearing on the plots. Numerals appearing to the right of the vertical line indicate those vehicles which failed the candidate test at 30 percent rejection. Those vehicles which failed the Federal Test Procedure are indicated by the numerals appearing above the horizontal line. In addition to this information, the scattergrams indicate both errors of omission and errors of commission. Errors of omission are represented by those numerals appearing in the upper left hand section of each plot. These are errors that occur when a candidate inspection test passes a vehicle which would have failed the Federal Test with the rejection limit of the respective test set to fail the same fraction of the vehicle population. Errors of commission are represented by those numerals falling in the lower right hand section of each plot. Errors of this type occur when a candidate test fails a vehicle which would have passed the Federal Test. Vehicles which failed both the candidate and the Federal Test at the 30 percent rejection rate are represented by the numerals appearing in the upper right hand sections. Vehicles which passed both tests at 30 percent rejection are represented in the lower left hand sections. As may be seen in each of the four figures, the Federal Test, by ------- definition, identified at 30 percent rejection the 45 highest hydro- carbon and the 45 highest carbon monoxide emitting vehicles. As may also be seen: In Figure 5, 26 or 58 percent of these highest HC emitting vehicles were identified as being in this category by the Idle Test. The Idle Test, however, failed to identify 19 or 42 percent of the highest HC emitters (errors of omission) and identified, instead, this same number and percentage of the lower HC emitting vehicles (errors of commission). In Figure 6, 34 or 76 percent of these highest HC emitting vehicles were identified as being in this category by the Loaded Mode Test. The Loaded Mode Test, however, failed to identify 11 or 24 percent of the highest HC emitters (errors of omission) and identified, instead, this same number and percentage of the lower HC emitting vehicles (errors of commission). In Figure 7, 29 or 64 percent of these CO emitters were identified as being in this category by the Idle Test. The Idle Test, however, failed to identify 16 or 36 percent of the highest CO emitters (errors of omission) and identified, instead, this same number and percentage of the lower CO emitting vehicles (errors of commission). In Figure 8, 37 or 82 percent of these highest CO emitting vehicles were identified as being in this category by the Loaded Mode Test. The Loaded Mode Test, however, failed to identify 8 or 18 percent of the highest CO emitters (errors of omission) and identified, instead, this same number and percentage of lower CO emitting vehicles. In Table 15 and 16, this same kind of information is presented for rejection rates of 10, 20, 30 and 40 percent. FTP Percentage of Vehicles Rejected by FTP Rejection Properly Identified Improperly Identified Rate Idle Loaded Idle Loaded Table 15, Percentage of High HC Emitting (FTP Rejected) Vehicles, Properly and Improperly Identified by the Idle and the Loaded Mode Test. 10 20 30 40 33 47 58 70 33 73 76 80 67 53 42 30 67 27 24 20 ------- FTP Percentage of Vehicles Rejected by FTP Rejection Properly Identified Improperly Identified Rate Idle Loaded Idle Loaded 10 40 67 60 33 20 57 73 43 27 30 64 80 36 20 40 63 82 37 18 Table 16, Percentage of High CO Emitting (FTP Rejected) Vehicles, Properly and Improperly Identified by the Idle and the Loaded Mode Tests. 5.6.1 Listing of Observations and Conclusions In 5.5, correlations between the Federal Test Procedure and the Idle and the Loaded Mode Tests were presented. Significant correlations between the Federal Test and each of the Idle and Loaded Mode Tests were found. It was also found that both candidate procedures produced significant HC and CO reductions at 20 percent and higher rejection rates. These findings, however, do not adequately describe the relation- ship between the Federal Test and each of the candidate tests particu- larly when considering the candidate procedures as a substitute for the Federal Test Procedure as has been proposed. Our observations and conclusions in this regard are as follows: 5.6.1.1 Emission Identification - Idle and Loaded Mode Tests Versus the Federal Test Procedure - Neither the Idle Test nor the Loaded Mode Test should be regarded an acceptable substitute for the Federal Test since neither candidate test correlates perfectly with the Federal Test. The application of either of these tests for this purpose will produce equal errors of omission and commission. These errors in identifying the highest HC emitters at the 40 percent rejection rate, for example, were found to be 30 percent for the Idle Test and 20 percent for the Loaded Test. At 40 percent rejection the errors in identifying the highest CO emitters were found to be 37 percent for the Idle Test and 18 percent for the Loaded Test. Of the two candidate tests, however, the Loaded Mode Test is more acceptable as a substitute for the Federal Test than is the Idle Test. ------- 5.7 IDLE INSPECTION COST EFFECTIVENESS VS LOADED MODE INSPECTION COST EFFECTIVENESS In evaluating the relative differences in cost effectiveness between the Idle and the Loaded Mode Test, we utilized Composite Value Rejection to represent the Loaded Mode Test. Also, we utilized some recently proposed inspection fees to provide inspection cost data. These fees are $5.70* for the Idle Test in the private sector and $6.85** for the Loaded Mode Test in the public sector. The $6.85 fee is assumed to be applicable to either a state or contractor operated network. Each fee was appropriately combined with the maintenance costs associated with the rejection rates for each inspection procedure. Cost effectiveness factors were then established. The CE factor expresses the cost/effectiveness relationship in terms of the absolute amount of emission reduction achieved by each of the candidate procedures at each rejection rate for each dollar spent. The CE ratio is conveniently expressed as a whole number in terms of milligrams per mile per dollar (mmd). In Table 17 are presented the CE factors developed in this manner. These same data are plotted in Figures 9 and 10. The plots, based on a fourth degree curve fit to the observed CE factors, are provided as a graphical illus- tration of the smoothed CE to Rejection Rate relationship. As may be seen in these plots, the CE factors for HC relative to both Idle and Loaded Mode Inspection rise sharply from zero rejection (the baseline or as-received vehicle condition) and continue to rise at decreasing rates through about the 30 percent rejection rate. At this * Motor Vehicle Emissions Advisory Committee (MVEAC) Final Report. ** MVEAC Report, Loaded Mode Test Administrative cost of $1.35 and Hamilton Test Systems estimate of $5.50 for Loaded Mode Test. ------- Rejectlon Cost Effectiveness Data (mmd)* Rate Loaded Mode Idle HC CO NOx HC CO NOx 0% 00.0 000 0.0 00.0 000 0.0 10% 22.6 448 2.8 18.6 392 3.9 20% 28.7 659 4.0 29.8 684 2.1 30% 33.5 795 4.8 30.5 736 3.3 40% 33.9 807 6.5 34.6 807 5.9 50% 33.4 781 6.7 34.5 776 6.9 60% 31.2 740 6.1 32.4 738 7.1 70% 29.4 671 6.4 30.7 685 7.6 80% 28.1 628 6.4 28.4 613 8.4 90% 27.2 585 6.3 28.6 597 7.6 100% 26.3 549 6.2 27.6 576 6.5 * = milligrams/mile/dollar Table 17, Cost Effectiveness Data for Loaded Mode Composite Value and Idle Inspection at Various Rejection Rates. point the HC CE factors begin to decline. The CE factors for CO relative to both Idle and Loaded Mode Inspection also rise sharply from zero rejection and continue to rise at decreasing rates through about the 40 percent rejection rate. At this point these CE factors begin to decline. As indicated by these factors, cost effectiveness relative to both HC and CO emission reduction, respectively, is, in essence, the same for each of the candidate inspection/rejection methods. 5.7.1 Listing of Observations and Conclusions Using some recently proposed inspection fees combined with the required diagnostic fee and maintenance cost, we developed cost effec- tiveness factors for the 1975 model-year vehicles. This CE ratio is expressed as milligrams (of emission reduction) per mile per dollar (mmd). Our findings regarding the Loaded Mode and the Idle Test are summarized as follows: ------- Figure 9 COST EFFECTIVENESS LOADED MODE COMPOSITE VALUE AND IDLE INSPECTION AT VARIOUS REJECTION RATES HYDROCARBONS C 0 S T E F F E C T 1 V E N E S S * * REJECTION RATE (%) LEGEND: DOTS(.) ARE CALCULATED POINTS FOR LOADED MODE AND OBSERVED DATA ARE REPRESENTED BY A PLUS(+) COMMAS(,) ARE CALCULATED POINTS FOR IDLE TEST AND OBSERVED DATA ARE REPRESENTED BY A STAR(*) **MEASURED IN MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- Figure 10 COST EFFECTIVENESS LOADED MODE COMPOSITE VALUE AND IDLE INSPECTION AT VARIOUS REJECTION RATES CARBON MONOXIDE 1000 900 800 + 700 + 600 + 500 + 400 + 300 + 200 100 REJECTION RATE (%) LEGEND: DOTS(.) ARE CALCULATED POINTS FOR LOADED MODE AND OBSERVED DATA ARE REPRESENTED BY A PLUS(+) COMMAS(,) ARE CALCULATED POINTS FOR IDLE TEST AND OBSERVED DATA ARE REPRESENTED BY A STAR(*) **MEASURED IN MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- 5.7.1.1 Loaded Mode Inspection CE vs Idle Inspection CE - Cost effec- tiveness factors for HC and CO rise sharply from zero percent rejection and continue to rise at decreasing rates through about 30 percent rejection for HC and 40 percent rejection for CO. At these points the CE factors begin to decline. Consequently, the most cost effective rejection rate appears in the 30 percent to AO percent range. Relatively little differences are noted in cost effectiveness factors between the Loaded Mode and the Idle Test. At 40 percent rejection, for example, the HC CE factor for Loaded Mode is 33.9 mmd and 34.6 mmd for the Idle Test. At this same rate, the CO CE factor is 807 mmd for both tests. 5.8 PASS/FAIL LIMITS FOR THE 1975 MODEL-YEAR VEHICLES Another of the objectives was to determine emission pass/fail standards for the 1975 model-year vehicles associated with each candidate procedure at the various rejection rates. These standards, determined in connection with the computer iteration, ranking and other processes described earlier in this report, are presented in Table 18. Given the described conditions, these standards can be related to the effectiveness, cost and cost effectiveness data also described earlier in this report. Rejection Rejection By Rate Idle High LM Avg. LM Comp. LM HC CO HC CO HC CO HC CO (ppm C6) (%) (ppm C6) (%) (ppm C6) (%) (gm/mi) (gm/mi) 0% 000 0.0 000 0.0 000 0.0 0.0 00 10% 450 6.2 460 8.5 305 4.5 4.0 95 20% 370 4.8 390 6.9 260 3.4 3.6 79 30% 300 3.4 350 5.7 235 2.8 3.1 65 40% 200 2.5 290 4.2 230 2.1 2.8 58 50% 175 1.7 260 2.9 190 1.7 2.6 47 60% 150 1.0 230 2.3 165 1.3 2.3 42 70% 100 0.5 170 1.4 135 0.9 1.9 35 Table 18, Pass/Fail Limits for the 1975 Model- •Year Vehicles by Idle and Loaded Mode Inspection. ------- 5.9 MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE 1975 MODEL-YEAR VEHICLES . In the conduct of the experiment, the maintenance process was docu- mented. Such documentation, including both adjustment requirements and parts requirements, was maintained not only for application in maintenance cost development but also to provide an indication of the adjustment and parts requirements of the 1975 model-year vehicles. In Table 19 are shown the frequency of emission related tune-up adjustment and parts replacement associated with the selected rejection rates. As indicated, ignition adjustments and carburetor adjustments are the items which required the most attention. These are followed by air filter elements and positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) valves in this order. Other of the failed items which have been connected with high emissions on pre-catalyst cars, such as spark plugs and ignition wires, were less evident. This is believed to be partly due to the newness of the vehicles and partly due to design improvements, such as solid state ignition, made by the manufacturers. Regarding the converter, two tests were conducted to determine its condition. The tests are the Converter Efficiency Test and the Catalyst Activity Test. It may be recalled that the Catalyst Activity Test was also a subject of evaluation, however. The outcome of this evaluation is yet to be discussed. On the basis of these tests, we concluded that failure of the catalytic material was not a problem at this point in the history of catalytic converters. Two possible failures were indicated but a follow- up analysis proved this not to be the case. The follow-up work involved complete material replacement on each of the vehicles and a complete series of emission retests on these vehicles. Retest results were nearly ------- Maintenance Rate (Percent of Vehicles) Rate Dwelll Timing2 Idle3 Air PCV Spark Plug Dist. (%) Filter Valve Plugs Wires Rotor 10 0 8 7 2 0 0 0 0 20 1 15 16 5 1 1 0 0 30 2 23 25 10 1 1 0 0 40 3 30 34 11 1 1 0 0 50 3 37 42 13 3 2 0 0 60 6 45 49 16 4 2 0 0 70 6 52 54 18 4 2 0 1 80 6 61 67 23 6 3 1 1 90 6 66 73 27 6 3 1 1 100 7 73 81 30 7 3 1 1 0SAC4 1 Dwell adjustment possible on 18 vehicles only 2 Adjusted if outside + 2° of specification 3 Included mixture and/or rpm adjustment ^ Oriface spark advance control valve Table 19, Adjustment and Parts Replacement Rate for the 1975 Model-Year Vehicles (AFTP Rejection). Identical to test results obtained with the suspect materials. Any discussion of the future history of catalytic converters, relative to their possible failure, would be highly speculative. In this respect, however, there is one important additional indication, at least for the Denver area, that the materials may stand up. As may be recalled, tests were performed to determine lead content in the as-received tank fuel for each vehicle. High fuel lead content is regarded as a certain contributor to catalyst deactivation. The results of these tests indicate that six of the one hundred and twelve or five percent of the catalyst equipped sample contained lead in excess of the 0.05 grams lead (Pb) per gallon Federal Standard. While five percent may be regarded as being relatively serious, the highest level measured was merely 0.10 grams per gallon. The minimum for the sample ------- was 0.01 grams per gallon while the average was 0.03 grams per gallon. As just described, the maximum was 0.10 grams per gallon. Both privately owned and rental vehicles were sampled with none of the rental vehicles falling into the exceeding Federal Standards category. The implication of these findings relative to the sampled catalyst equipped vehicles is that no owner including the rental car agency operator was using leaded fuel exclusively. Had this been the case, fuel lead levels would have been closer the 2 to 3 grams per gallon lead content of leaded regular and premium grade fuels. These findings also imply the fuel sources, including terminals, delivery trucks and service stations, are relatively free of lead contaminated fuel. Although no evidence of catalyst failure or conditions leading to catalyst failure (ie, high fuel lead levels) was found, we did find the 1975 model-year control technology to be performing less than optimally. This less than desirable performance is related to the amount of oxygen available for secondary combustion. Secondary combustion is a chief design feature not only of catalytic emission control systems but also of any system which utilizes an air pump. It may be defined as the afterburning process which occurs in the exhaust system downstream of the exhaust valves. While this process is more pronounced as a design feature of those systems which do include an air pump, afterburning occurs in any system where there is free oxygen, although to a lesser extent. As may be inferred from Table 20, generally greater HC and CO emission reductions are possible on the non-air pump equipped vehicles and, in particular, those non-air pump vehicles with catalysts. These same vehicles have the lower oxygen readings. The inference here is that not enough ------- No. of Engine Converter Air Average Loaded Mode* Veh. Status Pump HC (ppm C) CO (%) 02 (%) 8 Baseline No No 2319 2.39 1.31 11 Maint. tl ti 1650 1.28 1.62 CHANGE - 669 -1.11 0.31 30 Baseline No Yes 1554 1.64 4.93 " Maint. h 11 1129 1.15 4.55 CHANGE - 425 -0.49 -0.38 65 Baseline Yes No 1852 2.42 0.89 " Maint. 11 11 1033 1.18 0.98 CHANGE - 819 -1.24 0.09 47 Baseline Yes Yes 650 0.57 3.45 " Maint. tf 11 543 0.43 3.52 CHANGE - 107 -0.14 0.07 * = Average readings by vehicle category. Table 20, Average Converter Efficiency Test Tailpipe HC, CO and O2 Readings by Emission Control Technology, 100% Rejection. oxygen is supplied to complete the oxygen dependent secondary oxidization or combustion process for which the technology is designed. The same inferences may be drawn from the FTP results shown in Table 21. The importance that should be attached to these findings is indicated in the emission control technology distribution for the Denver area which is estimated for the 1975 model-year vehicles as follows. Catalyst equipped with air pump 31 percent without air pump 44 percent 75 percent Non-catalyst equipped with air pump 20 percent without air pump 5 percent 25 percent ------- No. of Engine Converter Air FTP Emissions (gm/mi) Veh. Status Pump HC CO NOx 8 Baseline No No 3.01 44.4 2.74 " Maint. II fl 2.44 32.0 2.16 CHANGE -0.57 -12.4 -0.59 30 Baseline No Yes 2.24 43.2 2.09 " Maint. ii tl 1.91 35.0 1.89 CHANGE -0.33 - 8.2 -0.20 65 Baseline Yes No 3.00 68.1 1.52 " Maint. II ii 1.96 42.8 1.44 CHANGE -1.04 -25.3 -0.06 47 Baseline Yes Yes 1.67 27.2 1.86 " Maint. II ti 1.33 25.9 1.70 CHANGE -0.34 - 1.3 -0.16 Table 21, Mean Federal Test Procedure Mass Emissions by Emission Control Technology, 100% Rejection. 5.9.1 Listing of Observations and Conclusions During the experiment, the maintenance requirements were documented. The operating efficiency of the converters was also determined and the lead content of the as-received fuel was measured. Our observations and conclusions in these regards are as follows: 5.9.1.1 Engine Maintenance Requirements - Carburetor and ignition adjustments were the items found to require the most attention. At the 40 percent rejection rate, for example, 34 percent of all vehicles required fuel/air adjustments, 30 percent required ignition timing adjustment and 11 percent required air filter element replacement. These percentages convert in terms of the failed vehicles to 57 percent of the failed vehicles required fuel/air adjustments, 50 percent required ignition timing adjustment and 18 percent required air filter element replacement. 5.9.1.2 Catalytic Converter Maintenance Requirements - Failure of the catalytic converter was not evident on any of the sampled vehicles. Consequently, we conclude that catalyst failure is not a problem at this point in the history of the catalytic converter. Converters were found to be performing less than optimally, however, due to a lack of supplied oxygen. This is particularly the case for ------- non-air pump equipped catalytic systems which comprise about 44 percent of the 1975 model-year vehicle population. A similar deficiency was noted on non-catalyst, non-air pump equipped vehicles which comprise about 5 percent of this population. 5.9.1.3 Fuel Lead Content - Five percent of the catalyst equipped segment of the vehicle sample was found to have tank fuel lead in excess of the 0.05 grams lead (Pb) Federal Standard. The highest level measured, however, was merely 0.10 grams per gallon which is not regarded as a serious problem. Both privately-owned and rental agency vehicles were sampled. 5.10 COMMENTS ON MAINTENANCE OF THE CATALYTIC EMISSION CONTROL TECHNOLOGY Concern has been expressed in various quarters over the complexity of the catalytic emission control technology and the repair industry's ability to maintain these systems to some acceptable level of efficiency. Our comments and opinions in this regard which are based on experience gained in the subject study are as follows: Aside from the catalytic converter, the 1975 model-year emission control technology does not appreciably differ from the technology applied in earlier model years. While the tune-up tolerances and procedures for attaining settings within these tolerances are generally more stringent, no revolutionary test regimes which are beyond the current skill level of repair industry personnel are required. Carburetion, for example, continues to be utilized predominantly in the fuel/air control function with fuel injection continuing to play a lesser role. These systems are designed to function as they did in the past. The only differences are that the prescribed engine conditions must be maintained more closely when diagnostic operations are being performed and more care and caution must be exercised in following the adjustment procedures and in observing the setting tolerances. More care and caution must also be exercised to maintain the ambient ------- temperature conditions prescribed for the performance of such adjustment procedures and the observance of such setting tolerances. Choke mechanisms, for example, are generally calibrated to provide leaner fuel/air mixtures upon initial cold engine start-up and quicker warm-up pull-off through the use of auxiliary devices which modify the action of the basic bi-metallic spring. Many of these devices must be checked not only for the determination of the proper beginning and end points, but also for the proper rate of assist or delay in relaxing the spring. Ignition of the fuel/air mixture has been improved on the 1975 model-year vehicles through the use of various forms of electronic systems. Such systems have eliminated contact points and the condensor on all domestic and some foreign-made models. By such utilization, ignition "dwell" readings are eliminated from the diagnostic procedure. Dwell adjustment requirements are also eliminated. Nevertheless, a variety of new diagnostic procedures has been introduced, each of which is designed by the manufacturer to detect malfunctions in a given ignition system. Other of the conventional diagnostic procedures are no longer recommended. For example, all manufacturers suggest the use of "cylinder balance" testing by "shorting" the ignition spark be dropped in favor of other tests to determine condition of the engine or support systems. One reason is that when a cylinder is not igniting, unbumed fuel enters the exhaust stream. Under the proper conditions, such entry represents a threat to catalyst durability due to overheating, which, if occurring repeatedly, ultimately leads to mechanical failure. Another reason is that many of the electronic ignition systems do not allow the shorting device (ignition oscilloscope circuit) to consistently "blank out" secondary voltage to that cylinder thereby producing erroneous indications. ------- Further regarding the ignition system, vacuum controlled spark advance is either present or absent at engine curb idle speeds depending on the model. Engine and support equipment specifications must be referenced to determine if the presence or absence of spark advance vacuum is normal. The trend is also to prescribe basic spark timing settings be checked and set in more and more cases at off-idle engine speeds. Again, the observance of prescribed sequences and tolerances are critical to obtaining accurate diagnostic information and proper engine performance. While similar to each other, one general procedure or set of procedures cannot be applied to diagnose or adjust a given generic system. The catalyst does not obscure major carburetor and ignition malfunctions which raise hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions to grossly high levels. Consequently mis-firing spark plugs, flooding carburetors and similar major malfunctions are easily detected by conventional procedures and test equipment. The catalyst does, however, tend to obscure lesser malfunctions and minor maladjustments within the engine which are normally detectable through tailpipe exhaust analysis. This is particularly true when excess oxygen is available to the converter in the absence of such malfunctions and maladjustments (ie, air pump equipped vehicles). To what extent these minor deviations are obscured depend on a variety of conditions not easily controlled within the environs of a repair garage. Degrees of overrich fuel/air mixtures and ignition misfire, the length of time these conditions have existed and the type of operation to which the vehicle was subjected immediately prior to the diagnostic period all vary the tendency for the converter to mask upstream exhaust conditions. ------- In summary; precise and orderly upstream diagnostic, repair and adjustment procedures continue to be a mandatory first step to affect proper engine operation and emission levels on the 1975 model-year vehicles. These procedures can be accomplished on a commercial basis by existing facilities and technicians providing the importance of the operations is realized and the proper care and caution is exercised. It appears that diagnosis of the converter itself, however, is the real challenge should converter failures occur. It also appears that converter failure can only be detected through the process of elimination which will surely be a costly procedure. ------- ------- APPENDIX A mechanic's PROCEDURE FOR LEAN-BEST IDLE ------- Attachment 1 Colorado "75" Program Subject: Mechanic's Procedure for Adjusting Carburetors After Baseline Dynamometer Testing. Carburetor Idle Adjustments. A. Break the idle mixture limiter caps (if any). B. Adjust mixture screw(s) about two turns richer than the as rec'd condition. This operation is to make sure the carburetor is richer than the lean-best- idle condition or richer than about 2Z CO. C. Adjust engine idle speed to 20 RPM faster than the rafgr's spec, if the spec, is listed with the transmission in "drive". Adjust speed to 30 RPM faster than mfgr's spec, if the spec, is listed with the transmission in "neutral" position. D. For single barrel carburetors, adjust the idle mixture screw toward the lean condition until the engine speed drops to the mfgr's specified level. For two or four barrel carburetors, adjust the right side mixture screw toward the lean condition until the engine speed drops half way to the mfgr's specified level. Then adjust the left side mixture screw in the lean direction until the engine speed drops to the mfgr's specified level. E. If the engine idles too rough (Indicating possible lean misfire), richen the mixture screw(s) by 1/8 of a turn increments. Always turn each screw the same amount to maintain the "balance" on 2 or A barrel carburetors. F. If the above procedure does not result in an exhaust gas value of less than 1Z CO, then attempt to lean out mixture further without causing the following problems: a) An idle condition so rough that the owner is likely to complain or richen the mixture himself. b) An Increase in HC due to lean misfire of one or more cylinders;* * If this condition is present, check for air leaks that could be causing one cylinder to be running leaner than the others. ------- APPENDIX B CORRESPONDENCE ON WARRANTY IMPLICATIONS OF ------- Ford Motor Company Environmental and Safety Engineering Staff The American Road Dearborn, Michigan 48121 November 11, 1975 Mr. Robert D. Siek Acting Director Air Pollution Control Division Colorado Department of Health 4210 East 11th Avenue Denver, Colorado 80220 Dear Mr. Siek: I am responding for Dr. Weaver on your letter of November 4, 1975. In brief, vehicle adjustments that are performed contrary to recommended manufacturer specifications do not automatically void the warranty. Instead, each warranty claim is reviewed on its merits to determine if such unauthor- ized adjustments contributed to or resulted in claimed vehicle malfunction and/or damage. Where such a relationship exists, warranty coverage may be revoked. In my opinion, it is unlikely that enission system component damage could occur as a direct result of the high altitude timing specifications suggested in your letter. I caution however, that any risks associated with such an adjustment program are properly borne by yourself. Sincerely, fju' Vy Far ago I / Automotive Emissions Office cc: Dr. E. E. Weaver sc ------- Reference No. SM - 0296 Environmental Activities Staff General Motors Corporation General Motors Technical Center Warren, Michigan 48090 November 14, 1975 Mr. Robert D. Siek Acting Director Colorado Department of Health 4210 East 11th Avenue Denver, Colorado 80220 Dear Mr. Siek: This is in response to your November 4, 1975 letter concerning tuning vehicles located at high altitude and the effect of this tuning on the 50,000 mile warranty. In your letter you stated that the results of the in-use effectiveness project could result in a decision by the State of Colorado to require vehicles , to be tuned to specifications different from those specified by the vehicle manufacturer. Naturally, this could have some effect on the durability of the engine and its emission control system. Each engine is designed and built to specific parameters. Some tolerance is allowed in these specifications. As such, deviations from manufacturer's specification may or may not affect the emission control system. The extent of the adjustment is the critical issue. Therefore, we cannot say that the changes you are proposing would invalidate the 50,000 mile warranty. We can say, however, that minor deviations from specifications should not adversely affect the durability of the emission control system. We would prefer to make a decision on an individual bases because each case could be different. We appreciate your advising us of the project. Should any additional information be required, please let us know. Very truly yours, For: T. M. Fisher, Director Automotive Emission Control JCC/el ------- ri American Motors Corporation 14250 Plymouth Road Detroit, Michigan 48232 November 25, 1975 Mr. Robert D. Siek Acting Director Air Pollution Control Division Colorado Department of Health 4210 East 11th Avenue Denver, Colorado 80220 Dear Mr. Siek: This is in response to your letter of November 4, 1975 requesting our opinion concerning the Colorado Department of Health test pro- gram on the in-use effectiveness of catalytic converter control systems at high altitude. We encourage any test program, such as yours, that acquires sound technical data. We look forward to reviewing your test results and will give any guidance we can concerning questions relative to this test program. We do want to point out that the Clean Air Act prohibits the.al- teration of vehicle emission systems from certified configuration or specifications. We, therefore, make no representations as to, and can accept no responsibility for, the legality of your test program. We assume that any necessary exemptions are being handled between your staff and EPA. We cannot accept warranty responsibility either under the Buyer Protection Plan New Car Guarantee or under the Emission Systems Warranty for failure of vehicles or their systems caused by their having been operated out of specification. Any failures, therefore, will have to be evaluated on a case by case basis to determine whether they arose out of factory defects or out of operation or use in a non-specified manner. I apologize for not meeting your November 15, 1975 deadline, how- ever, I understand your recent phone conversation with Mr. Dan Hittler answered most of your other specific questions to date. If you have any further questions, please feel free to call. CI -J nnorol \r \rr\t ire William C. Jones Manager Vehicle Environmental and Energy Regulations WCJ/jr ------- J.D. MacFarlane Attorney General Jean E. Dubofsky Deputy Attorney General Edward G. Donovan Solicitor General elite ^tatr nf (Eolaraftn i DEPARTMENT OF LAW OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL INTER-OFFICE COMMUNICATION TO: Robert Siek FROM: R. Searles DATE: February 4, 1976 SUBJECT: Warranty Implications of Parametric Engine Adjustments to 1975 Vehicles 50,000 Mile Warranty Requirements The following represents an evaluation of liability of the State concerning the high altitude adjustments to motor vehicles subjected to certain carburetor adjustments, initially the 5 degree advancement in spark timing as such adjust- ment may affect emission control system warranties and engine warranties. Said adjustment was one of three made by ATL to determine, under contract with the State, the effectiveness and feasibility of performing regulated tune-ups on 1975 vehicles equipped with catalytic converters as to which modifications to manufacturers' specifications have been made to compensate for high altitude effects. The adjustments were to test for the impact on hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxide emissions and gasoline economy in light of such adjustments. The other two adjustments made included carburetor idle mixture by a "lean-best idle" procedure and a carburetor choke adjustment two notches leaner than manufacturers' specifications, both of which carburetor adjustments were represented to be within the tolerance of "normal mechanic practices" hav- ing minimal effects on either engine or emission control system warranties. This memorandum is directed to the matter of the feasibility of adoption of regulatory emission control measures requiring regular tune-ups within car- buretor adjustment parameters insofar as such control strategy may impact on new car warranties affecting the engine and emission control system. The matter of State liability for making an adjustment the effect of which might void the emission control system and engine warranties must be considered a real one, although, as stated by EPA, setting the choke and idle mixture as lean as possible without causing lean misfire or driveability prob- lems would not, by EPA standards, be considered tampering. In passing, it should be noted that none of the responses from leading car manufacturers can be relied upon to authorize adjustments which deviate from manufacturer's specifications or cause the vehicles or their systems to be operated out of specification. The case by case and "do it at your own risk" concept invoked by the manufacturer affords no latitude of error in practice. Thus, applicable warranties must be considered to be subject to invalidation until said manufacturers define the parametrics of acceptable adjustment tolerances. ------- Memo to Robert Siek February 4, 1976 Page Two It should further be noted that adjustments even within manufacturer's specification parameters at altitude may at sea level be unacceptable and may invalidate the applicable warranties. Mr. Don Sorrels has advised that routinely dealers, in taking possession of vehicles shipped into the State, adjust the timing and frequently sell vehicles in such a condition of adjustment as is beyond manufacturer's speci- fications, the effect of which, technically invalidates one or both of the warranties in question within the literal meaning of said specification con- straints. The State, however, in accepting vehicles for inspection, stands in no better liability position in making or allowing adjustments within the parameters extant at the time of receiving the vehicle, unless the owner expressly acknowledges that the vehicle had been or is adjusted such that warranties may already have been invalidated and is delivered subject to that understanding, providing in any event, that other manufacturers' specifications are not otherwise also exceeded by the State in the course of prescribing a regulated tune-up to special parametric specification. Vehicle owners may well be reluctant to stipulate to the condition of their vehicle as regards present condition invalidation of warranties, especially if that fact is disclosed by the State in the course of evaluating the system. If the engine tune-up speci- fications and adjustments recommended by the manufacturer are strictly adhered to for vehicles received for evaluation in compliance therewith, there is not likely to arise the issue of State liability on warranties, but otherwise the charge of responsibility for setting in motion circumstances to invalidate the warranty is real and liability may be difficult to avoid. Perhaps a warning alerting the owner that the high altitude adjustments made to a vehicle oper- ating at high altitude may, when readjusted, result in an invalidation of warranties in operating the vehicle at or near sea level. Exculpatory language would be advisable. Richard W. Searles ' Assistant State Solicitor General RWS:dg ------- APPENDIX C ------- VEHICLE NUMBER License No. Antenna Left rear fender Left door (s) Left front fender Hood Grl 1 le Front bumper Right front fender Right door Right rear fender Ml seellaneous VEHICLE INSPECTION Condition of Vehicle When Received Odometer Trunk Lid Rear end Rear bumper Top Window glass TI res Hub caps MI rrors Interlor Tape Deck? Yes. No FUEL TANK AS REC'D INDICATE (1) (E I I I F) Agreed to (Date)/ by (Initial) Condition of Vehicle when Returned FINAL CHECK LIST: Interlor Exterior Plug Wlres Vac. Lines Tools ALL ITEMS CHECKED FUEL TANK REFILLED (E I I I F) Initial Date Odometer Initial Date Conditlon ------- 19900 East Colfax Avenue • Aurora. Colorado 80010 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES, INC LOAN VEHICLE AGREEMENT PARTICIPANT VEHICLE NO In consideration of the Participant undersigned (herein called the Participant) who has agreed to participate In an Important new vehicle pollution testing program, Automotive Testing Laboratories, Inc. (herein called ATL) hereby loans to Participants the loan vehicle described below, subject to terms and conditions of this agreement. 1. Participant agrees to be extremely careful In the use of loan vehicle and agrees to return loan vehicle within a period of time not to exceed days, together with all tires, tools, and accessories to ATL In as good exterior, Interior, and operating condttlon, except for normal wear and tear, as when vehicle was received by Participant. 2. Participant agrees that loan vehicle will not be operated to carry passengers or property for a consideration express or Implied; or to push or tow any vehicle or trailer. Loan vehicle will be operated only by Participant or any member of Participant's Immediate family; provided that Participant's permission first be given and that all such operators shall be at least 21 years of age and duly qualified and 11 censed. 3. Participant acknowledges personal liability for: (a) all charges, fines, and costs for parking, traffic# or other legal violations assessed against loan vehicle, Participant or ATL except where caused through fault of ATL, (b) ATL's costs Including reasonable attorney's fees where permitted by law, Incurred collecting payments due from Participant hereunder. it. Participant will not he liable for non-col 11 s Ion losses to loan vehicle caused by perils normally protected agafnst by a comprehensive physical damage Insurance policy. 5. Participant agrees to release ATL from any liability for loss of or damage to any property left, stored, or trans- ported by Participant or any other person In or upon vehicle after receipt, during term of this loan or after return of loan vehicle to ATL. Participant further agrees to Indemnify and hold harmless ATL against all claims arising out of such loss or damage. (over) ------- TEST VEHICLE AGREEMENT Your vehicle Is being loaned to Automotive Testing Laboratorles, Inc. (herein called ATL) for use In an Important new vehicle pollution testing program. This agreement/ signed by the president of ATL Is your assurance of full protection against any loss sustained by accident or damage to the vehicle while In the possession of ATL or Its representatives. 1. In consideration of ^ , I agree to loan my vehicle described as a 'registered In the State of , license plate number _ to ATL for a pertod of time not to exceed ______ days. I under- stand that I may refuse to loan the vehicle to ATL at any time and that I am under no obligation whatever to ATL. ATL agrees to return my vehicle within a reasonable time after requested regardless of the status of testing. If In the opinion of ATL, my vehicle Is determined to be unfit for testing by ATL, I waive consideration as specified above. 2. ATL agrees to be fully responsible for any and all damage to the vehicle occurring while the vehicle Is In the possession of ATL or Its representatives. Possession is hereby defined as care, control, custody, operation, Inspection or storage between the time the vehicle Is received from the owner by ATL or Its representatives and the time the vehicle Is returned to the owner by ATL or Its representatlves. 3. ATL agrees to Indemnify and hold harmless the vehicle owner of any repairs, damage, loss or liability sustained by the vehicle owner by reason of accident or damage to the vehicle while In the possession of ATL or Its representatives. k, ATL agrees to be extremely careful In the use of the vehicle, and agrees to return the vehicle to the vehicle owner In as good exterior. Interior and operating condition, except for normal wear and tear, as when the vehicle was received by ATL or Its representatlves. 5. Agreed to (DataK by Vehicle Owner Drivers License # State Explres Automotive Testing Laboratories, Inc. Vehicle Hake Model License No. ------- VEHICLE INFORMATION ATL IN ATL OUT VEHICLE IDENT: VI VEHTTT.E NO; MAKE s MDnET.f OnOMETER ? P T n ; rv t.- CARB: 0 12 3 4 TRANS: 1 3 4 5 # CONV: 0 12 AIR PUMP: YES NO TN.WT: PREP DE-PREP LEAD TEST: TANK FILLED 40%: PRHRE REMOVED TIRES SWITCHED: PROBE INSTALLED: HUBCAPS: TIRES SWITCHED: TIRES DEFLATED: AS RECD TIRE PR: RADIATOR: TIRE INFLATED: ENGINE OIL: HUBCAPS: TRANS. FLUID: RADIATOR: ENGINE OIL: TRANS. FLUID: 10 MIN. PREP: ------- VEHICLE PRECONDITIONING CHECK CIRCLE ONE A. ENGINE START GOOD B. IGNITION SWITCH OK C. STARTER MOTOR OK D. FAST IDLE OK E. TRANSMISSION OK F. CLUTCH OK G. BRAKES OK H. DRIVEABILITY OK ADDITIONAL COMMENTS: MORE AS APPLICABLE HARD FALSE OTHER GRINDS NO START NONE ENGINE HOT SHIFTS HARD GRABS SLIPS N/A FADE POOR NONE SURGE STUMBLE BACKFIRE STRETCHY ENGINE MISS DIESELS DRIVER Automotive Testing Laboratories, Inc. 19900 E. Colfax, Aurora, Colorado 80011 ------- EMISSION TESTS Test Cell HBDUBBB PROGRAM POSITION: BL»LA,CR,NC,PT,MT TEST NO: VEHICLE N0:_ BAROMETER DRY BULB WET BULB IN.PRESS. INERTIA WT. RLHP @ 50 ODOMETER DATE C.T. C.S. H.T. BKGND SAMPLE BKGND SAMPLE BKGND SAMPLE BLOWER REVOLUTIONS NOX HC C02 CO C.T. C.S. H.T. LOADED MODE TEST LEFT TAILPIPE HC-FID HC-NDIR CO C02 NOX 02 -BEFORE CONVERTER HC-NDIR CO NOX 02 HI CRUISE LO CRUISE IDLE (D) 2250 RPM IDLE (N) HC-FID - RIGHT HC-NDI TAILPIP R CO E C02 NOX 02 - BEFOB HC-NDI5 £ CONVE CO RTER NOX 02 HI CRUISE LO CRUISE IDLE (D) 2250 RPM IDLE (N) Operator Driver Time C-6 KEYOFF: Time ------- VEHICLE NO. ODOMETER DATE TECHNICIAN EA VEHICLE NO. MFG PROCEDURES MFG SPEC AS REC SET TO PARA SET TO WG SPEC DWELL TIMING IDLE RPM F.I. IDLE CHOKE IP IDLE CO TP IDLE HC BC IDLE CO CATAL/ST ACTIVIT/ BC IDLE IIC 1 NORMAL C/L SHORT 1 BC 2500 CO 9 IDLE 2500 IDLE 2500 BC 2500 HC Sleft CO TP IDLE CO IbaNK HC TP IDLE HC Bright co BC IDLE CO Ibank HC LJ BC IDLE HC BC 2500 CO BC 2500 HC " ENGINE MAINTENANCE INDICATE ITEMS OK OR IIOW SERVICED Air cleaner Wires Other Choke Points PCV Valve A.I.R. Heat riser E.G.R. Time completed & coordinator informed or placed in soak PARTS USED QUA. PART NO. ITEM COST EA. TOTAL REMARKS 1 ™ NC PT MT 8 IrOTAL COST 9 ------- APPENDIX D PREDICTION OF MASS EMISSIONS FROM ------- APPENDIX D PREDICTION OF MASS EMISSIONS FROM KEY MODE EMISSION CONCENTRATIONS This analysis was performed in order that mass emissions might reliably be predicted from tailpipe emission concentrations obtained through key mode testing procedures. The Key Mode Procedure yields data which may be used in several different ways to identify high emitting vehicles. Of these, this analysis is directed toward the method of predicting Federal Test Procedure emissions and screening vehicles via the predicted results. During the course of this program 150 vehicles were tested using both the Federal Test Procedure and the Key Mode Procedure. These data were used to perform a multiple regression analysis yielding an equation through which mass emissions could be predicted. A preliminary analysis indicated that engine size (ie number of cylinders) were of paramount importance in the predictions. Consequently, the vehicle population was divided into three sub-populations before the final regression analysis was performed. A multiple linear regression analysis was then run for each sub- population/pollutant combination. Each of these computer runs resulted in an equation of the following form: M = Aq + Ai X CIdle + A2 X CLC + A3 X CHC where; M ° Mass emission of the given pollutant Cidie = Concentration at Key Mode idle Clc ™ Concentration at Key Mode low cruise CHC ™ Concentration at Key Mode high cruise Aq, A^, A2, A3 =» Coefficients resulting from regression analysis ------- The coefficients obtained are shown below. Also presented are the correlation coefficients obtained with each regression analysis. Population 4 Cyl. 6 Cyl. 8 Cyl. 4 Cyl. 6 Cyl. 8 Cyl. 4 Cyl. 6 Cyl. 8 Cyl. Afl 1.00497 1.22905 1.15105 16.42447 22.00377 23.25381 1.03885 0.66602 0.53078 Al A2. HC 0.00031 0.00027 0.00040 0.00031 0.00041 0.00013 CO 2.17277 3.03871 8.18886 7.04456 7.36522 -0.11841 NO, -0.00006 0.00005 0.00187 0.00028 0.00059 0.00030 0.00015 -0.00001 0.00043 2.44097 4.81897 10.24632 0.00037 0.00054 0.00067 Corr. Coef. .858 .814 .843 .920 .847 .860 .557 .784 .712 ------- APPENDIX E TEST VEHICLE LISTING AND SUMMARIZED EMISSION AND FUEL ECONOMY DATA BEFORE MAINTENANCE AFTER MAINTENANCE AND ------- 1975 MODEL-YEAR LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES TESTED VEH NO. MAKE MODEL ODOM. # OF AIR MTCE. CID CYL CARB TRAN CONV PUMP I.VJT COSTS 258 6 1 A 0 NO 3000 20.11 455 8 4 A 1 NO 5000 15.00 360 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 20.33 250 6 1 A YES 3500 15.00 500 8 4 A 1 NO 5500 20.65 318 8 2 A 1 NO 3500 21.60 250 6 1 A YES 3000 15.00 225 6 1 4 1 NO 3500 19.88 460 8 4 A 1 YES 5500 21.10 500 8 4 A 1 YES 5500 15.00 360 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 15.00 090 4 2 4 1 YES 2500 15.00 140 4 2 A 1 NO 2750 15.00 351 8 2 A 1 YES 4500 16.77 302 8 2 A 1 YES 3500 15.00 250 6 1 A YES 3000 15.00 302 8 2 A 1 YES 3500 15.00 262 8 2 A 1 YES 3000 20.73 140 4 2 4 1 NO 2750 15.00 097 4 FI 4 YES 2250 21.82 258 6 1 3 YES 3500 15.00 500 8 4 A 1 NO 5500 15.00 350 8 2 A 1 NO 3500 15.00 318 8 2 A 1 NO 4500 20.33 097 4 2 4 YES 2500 15.00 350 8 2 A 1 NO 4500 21.15 225 6 1 4 1 NO 3500 15.00 110 4 FI 5 NO 2500 15.00 302 8 2 A 1 YES 3500 15.00 400 8 4 A 1 YES 4000 21.15 350 8 4 A 1 NO 4500 15.00 318 8 2 A 1 NO 3500 15.00 258 6 1 4 0 NO 3000 15.00 232 6 1 3 0 YES 3500 15.00 171 6 2 A 2 YES 3000 15.00 231 6 2 A 1 NO 3000 21.92 090 4 2 4 1 YES 2500 15.00 085 4 2 4 0 YES 2250 15.00 121 4 FI A 0 YES 3000 15.00 085 4 2 4 1 YES 2250 15.00 140 4 2 4 1 NO 2750 15.00 110 4 2 4 1 YES 2500 21.92 500 8 4 A 1 NO 5500 20.66 140 4 2 4 1 NO 2750 27.20 140 4 2 A 1 NO 2750 15.00 134 4 2 5 0 YES 2750 15.00 350 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 15.00 350 8 2 A 1 NO 4500 15.00 350 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 15.00 400 8 4 A 1 YES 5500 21.65 5001 5002 5003 5004 5005 5006 5007 5008 5009 5010 5011 5012 5013 5014 5015 5016 5017 5018 5019 5020 5021 5022 5023 5024 5025 5026 5027 5028 5029 5030 5031 5032 5033 5034 5035 5036 5037 5036 5039 5040 5041 5042 5043 5044 5045 5046 5047 5048 5049 5050 AMMO BUIC CHRY MERC CADI DODG FORD PLYM LINC CADI DODG VOLK PONT MERC MERC FORD FORD CHEV CHEV AUDI AMMO CADI PONT DODG TOYO CHEV DODG PORS FORD CHEV BUIC PLYM JEEP AMMO FORD BUIC VOLK DATS VOLV DATS CHEV FIAT CADI CHEV CHEV TOYO CHEV CHEV CHEV CHEV HORN LIMI CORD MONA DEVI DART MAVE DUST CO NT DEVI CHAR RABB ASTR MONG MONA MAVE GRAN MONZ VEGA FOX PACE DEVI FIRE CORO CORO IMPA DART 914 GRAN MONT LESA VALI CJ5 HORN PINT SKYH DASH B210 244 B210 VEGA X19 ELDO VEGA VEGA CELI CAMO IMPA MONT IMPA 09925 23428 14443 06355 17923 10832 10109 05911 09985 17718 06287 02793 03490 17244 15930 17034 21388 09893 10569 15158 07928 17023 03586 13713 08402 06691 04738 11610 16240 11097 ?6671 05^3 10774 04269 09194 04634 10348 03030 08748 09942 08524 22443 14545 10976 10624 11191 07163 06232 25534 ------- 1975 MODEL-YEAR LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES TESTED VEH NO. MAKE MODEL ODOM. CID # OF AIR MTCE. :yl CARB TRAN CONV PUMP I.WT COSTS 8 2 A 1 NO 4500 59.31 4 2 5 0 YES 2750 15.00 8 2 A 1 NO 4500 21.66 6 1 3 1 NO 3500 20.10 8 4 A 1 NO 4500 15.00 6 2 A 1 NO 3500 15.00 8 4 A 1 NO 4000 22.10 8 2 A 1 NO 3500 15.00 8 4 A 1 YES 5500 22.65 8 2 A 1 YES 4500 20.10 8 2 A 1 YES 4500 15.00 8 2 A 1 YES 4500 15.00 8 2 A 1 YES 3500 15.00 8 2 A 1 NO 4500 15.00 4 2 4 0 YES 3000 15.00 4 FI A 0 YES 3000 15.00 4 2 4 1 YES 3000 15.00 8 2 A 1 NO 4500 15.00 4 2 4 0 YES 3000 15.00 6 2 4 2 YES 3000 15.00 4 2 A 0 YES 2750 15.00 8 2 A 1 YES 4500 15.00 4 2 4 0 YES 2750 15.00 4 2 4 0 YES 2750 15.00 8 2 A 1 YES 4500 22.10 6 1 3 1 YES 3500 15.00 8 2 A 0 YES 3500 15.00 8 4 A 1 NO 4500 22.54 8 2 A 1 NO 4500 15.00 8 2 A 1 YES 3500 20.10 4 2 A 0 YES 2750 15.00 8 2 A 1 YES 4500 15.00 4 2 5 0 YES 2250 15.00 4 2 5 0 YES 2500 20.23 4 3 5 0 NO 2000 15.00 6 2 A 1 NO 3000 19.10 8 4 A 1 NO 5000 15.00 6 1 A 1 NO 3500 15.00 6 1 A 0 NO 3000 15.00 6 1 3 0 YES 3500 15.00 8 4 3 1 NO 4000 15.00 8 2 A 1 YES 3500 15.00 8 4 A 1 NO 4000 22.54 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 15.00 8 2 A 0 YES 3000 15.00 8 2 A 1 NO 3500 15.00 4 2 4 0 YES 2500 15.00 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 22.45 8 2 A 1 YES 4500 15.00 6 1 3 1 NO 3500 15.00 5051 5052 5053 5054 5055 5056 5057 5058 5059 5060 5061 5062 5063 5064 5065 5066 5067 5066 5069 5070 5071 5072 5073 5074 5075 5076 5077 5076 5079 5080 5081 5082 5083 5084 5085 5086 5087 5088 5089 5090 5091 5092 5093 5094 5095 5096 5097 5096 5099 5100 CHRY DATS CHEV CHEV CHRY BUIC BUIC CHEV CHEV FORD FORD FORD FORD DODG FORD VOLV FORD CHEV FORD FORD FORD MERC TOYO TOYO FORD FORD MERC PONT CHRY FORD FORD FORD DATS TOYO HOND OLDS OLDS PLYM AMMO AMMO OLDS AMMO OLDS PLYM FORD DODG TOYO CHEV FORD CHEV NEWP 610 MALI NOVA CORD SKYL REGA NOVA IMPA ELIT LTD LTD GRAN MONA MUST 244 MUST IMPA PINT MUST PINT COUG CELI CELI ELIT GRAN MONA GRNP CORD MAVE PINT LTD B210 CORO CVCC STAR 98 VALI GREM PACE CUTL GREM CULT FURY MUST DART CORO MONT TORI CAMO 11221 08115 14043 08622 08886 400 119 350 250 400 06225 231 09554 350 15364 262 19151 400 10734 351 11431 400 16446 400 06818 302 02600 360 06854 140 22967 121 12523 140 28410 350 03327 140 16022 171 140 400 0871 2987 11502 134 09669 134 20381 351 04421 250 09127 351 17962 400 12945 360 07253 302 08183 140 15102 400 05921 085 0909 0908 097 091 11480 231 13211 455 02415 225 11654 258 05994 232 350 304 02871 _ 09883 350 12467 318 05702 302 13304 318 07849 097 13626 350 11152 400 08476 250 ------- 1975 MODEL-YEAR LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES TESTED VEH NO. MAKE MODEL ODOM. :yl CARB TRAN # OF CONV AIR PUMP I.WT MTCE. COSTS 6 1 A 0 YES 3000 15.00 8 2 A 1 NO 4500 21.65 8 2 A 1 YES 4500 43.49 8 2 A 0 YES 3500 15.00 8 4 3 1 NO 5000 15.00 4 2 4 0 YES 3000 20.10 8 2 A 1 YES 3500 20.44 8 2 A 1 YES 4500 89.45 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 15.00 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 22.10 8 2 A 2 YES 4500 15.00 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 16.00 4 2 4 1 YES 2000 15.00 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 21.10 8 2 A 1 NO 4500 21.10 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 15.00 8 2 A 1 YES 4500 15.00 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 22.65 8 2 A 1 YES 4500 21.10 8 2 A 1 NO .4000 21.10 4 FI 4 0 NO 2250 15.00 8 2 A 1 YES 3000 21.10 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 21.65 4 FI 4 0 NO 3000 15.00 8 2 3 1 YES 3500 15.00 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 15.00 6 1 A 1 NO 3500 19.10 8 2 A 1 YES 3500 15.00 8 4 A 1 YES 5500 15.00 8 2 A 1 YES 3500 20.10 8 2 A 1 NO 4500 21.10 8 4 A 1 NO 4000 15.00 8 2 A 1 YES 3500 15.00 8 4 A 1 NO 4500 22.54 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 15.00 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 21.10 8 2 A 2 YES 4500 21.20 6 FI 4 0 YES 3000 15.00 6 1 4 0 NO 3000 15.00 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 22.65 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 23.23 8 2 A 1 YES 4500 15.00 6 1 A 0 YES 3000 15.00 8 2 A 2 YES 4500 15.00 8 4 A 2 YES 5000 15.00 8 2 A 0 YES 3500 15.00 8 2 A 1 YES 3500 15.00 8 4 A 1 NO 4500 15.00 8 2 A 2 YES 4500 15.00 8 2 A 1 NO 4000 15.00 5101 5102 5103 5104 5105 5106 5107 5108 5109 5110 5111 5112 5113 5114 5115 5116 5117 5118 5119 5120 5121 5122 5123 5124 5125 5126 5127 5128 5129 5130 5131 5132 5133 5134 5135 5136 5137 5138 5n9 5140 5141 5142 5143 5144 5145 5146 5147 5148 5149 5150 FORD CHEV FORD FORD OLDS FORD AMMO FORD PLYM BUIC FORD CHEV, VOLK CHEV PONT CHEV FORD CHEV FORD PONT VOLK CHEV CHEV VOLK JEEP CHEV CHEV AMMO LINC FORD PONT OLDS FORD OLDS OLDS CHEV FORD DATS JEEP CHEV CHEV FORD AMMO FORD FORD PLYM MERC PONT MERC DODG MAVE MALI ELIT GRAN 98 MUST HORN LTD FURY CENT TORI MALI RABB CAMO CATA CAMO TORI MALI TORI LEMA BEET MONZ MONT VAN CJ5 MONT NOVA HORN MRK4 GRAN CATA CUTL GRAN DELT CUTL MALI TORI 280Z CJ5 MALI MALI LTD HORN ELIT THUN DUST MONA GRNP MONT CHAR 03076 09537 07954 18485 06327 11804 16807 07792 07923 10830 20664 15570 07431 06443 13390 09434 08360 12314 21676 05078 09838 06686 04139 05041 07423 16905 05382 10506 11805 13031 09908 15171 09116 06684 22823 25487 18044 12489 05606 11545 13907 21852 00976 12166 00342 09330 10969 08080 19154 15482 250 350 400 ^55 140 304 400 360 350 351 350 090 350 400 350 351 350 351 350 097 262 350 110 304 350 250 304 460 302 400 350 302 455 350 350 350 168 258 350 350 351 232 400 460 360 302 400 400 318 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS BEFORE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN 478.3 96.8 2.29 .71 16.8 311.7 0.0 1.72 0.00 24.9 547.0 82.2 1.39 -32 13-9 743.7 67.3 1.69 .45 10.5 522.7 122.9 1.65 .60 14.7 600.9 51.7 1.29 .18 11.3 337.3 44.3 1.81 .38 23.2 526.6 68.4 1.65 .37 13.7 443.8 0.0 1.08 0.00 19.0 609.0 129.2 2.00 .71 13.9 358.1 0.0 2.16 0.00 22.5 656.7 46.2 3-33 1.31 12.4 905.0 16.4 2.20 .55 9.1 630.0 100.3 1.85 1.10 12.3 567.9 80.1 1.28 .27 14.1 ~VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 2. 04 0.9 33.44 22.8 AUDI 1 2. 50 0.0 23.53 0.0 BUICK 6 2. 77 1.0 62.69 18.6 CADILLAC 4 2. 29 1.4 58.41 42.1 CHEVROLET 30 2. 81 1.4 61.16 33.0 CHRYSLER 4 4. 23 0.7 110.74 25.9 DATSUN 5 1. 64 0.3 30.18 14.0 DODGE 7 3. 81 1.3 79.40 27.5 FIAT 1 1. 31 0.0 12.56 0.0 FORD 35 1. 69 0.6 31.33 15.2 HONDA 1 2. 44 0.0 18.35 0.0 JEEP 3 2. 70 0.6 35.18 14.7 LINCOLN 2 3. 41 2.7 40.85 8.0 MERCURY 7 2. 51 1.9 60.03 35.9 OLDSMOBILE 8 1 . 94 1.1 42.69 16.0 PLYMOUTH 6 2. 65 1.0 52.15 20.2 PONTIAC 7 2. 57 1.2 66.46 24.7 PORSCHE 1 3. 13 0.0 52.49 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2. 36 0.8 34.63 4.7 VOLKSWAGON 5 2. 51 1.1 43.33 32.2 VOLVO 2 2. 37 0.9 52.25 12.8 522.1 95.4 2.25 1.26 14.7 579.7 107.8 1.50 .60 13-1 306.4 0.0 1.69 0.00 22.3 3 41.9 2.14 .34 19.6 66.9 34.5 1.08 .87 20.1 15.0 30.9 1.68 .14 17.6 ~DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.40 1.2 39.68 21.1 369.7 50.1 1.72 .57 20.5 151 - 250 20 2.22 1.1 45.14 20.4 456.5 62.5 1.72 .46 16.8 251 - 350 54 2.55 1.3 51.77 33.1 562.0 62.3 1-74 .77 13.8 MORE THAN 350 44 2.41 1.3 54.25 32.2 690.8 96.3 1-99 .89 11.5 ~INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2.36 1.2 39.90 22.7 356.1 47.5 1.66 .58 21.1 2800 - 3799 55 2.22 1.1 38.38 23-3 512.8 92.1 2.01 .83 15.6 "800 - 4799 58 2.63 1.3 63.22 32.0 610.1 89.0 1.67 .70 12.5 800 - 5799 12 2.64 1.5 48.27 28.3 767.3 93.2 1.83 .61 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 2.43 1.2 49.03 29.4 544.7 138.3 1.80 .74 14.9 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 8 CO FAILURES: 9 FAILURE RATE: 9.3)1 # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN 35.57 22.1 481.8 95.7 2.05 .33 16.5 23.53 0.0 311.7 0.0 1.72 0.00 24.9 62.69 18.6 547.0 82.2 1.39 .32 13-9 58.41 42.1 743.7 67.3 1.69 .45 10.5 55.42 31.7 534.0 120.8 1.59 .63 14.7 80.79 58.4 630.4 64.8 1.31 .13 11.7 25.19 13.9 322.8 45.6 1.96 .38 24.6 69.80 20.3 543.7 87.6 .1.60 .48 13-7 12.56 0.0 443.6 0.0 1.08 0.00 19.0 30.88 15.2 608.9 129-3 1 - 99 .71 14.0 18.35 0.0 358.1 0.0 2.16 0.00 22.5 35.18 14.7 656.7 46.2 3-33 1.31 12.4 40.85 8.0 905.0 16.4 2.20 .55 9.1 60.03 35.9 630.0 100.3 1.85 1.10 12.3 42.69 16.0 567.9 80.1 1.28 .27 14.1 •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.94 0.9 AUDI 1 2.50 0.0 BUICK 6 2.77 1.0 CADILLAC 4 2.99 1.4 CHEVROLET 30 2.49 1.2 CHRYSLER 4 3.06 2.0 DATSUN 5 1.71 0.5 DODGE 7 3-42 1.6 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.63 0.5 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 JEEP 3 2.70 0.6 LINCOLN 2 3.41 2.7 MERCURY 7 2.51 1.9 OLDSMOBILE a 1.94 1.1 PLYMOUTH 6 2.37 1.0 PONTIAC 7 2.72 1.2 PORSCHE 1 3.13 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.36 0.8 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.51 1.1 VOLVO 2 2.37 0.9 43.08 16.4 524.0 93.7 2.27 1.26 15.1 68.14 24.2 578.7 108.0 1.46 .64 13.1 52.49 0.0 306.4 0.0 1.69 0.00 22.3 34.63 4.7 393.3 41.9 2.14 .34 19.6 43.33 32.2 366.9 34.5 1.08 .87 20.1 52.25 12.8 415.0 30.9 1.68 .14 17.6 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.28 1.0 37.92 21.3 367.3 52.1 1.71 .58 20.8 151 - 250 20 2.00 0.9 40.43 20.3 468.3 66.1 1.72 .49 16.7 251 - 350 54 2.47 1.2 50.17 30.9 564.5 60.8 1.67 .71 13.6 MORE THAN 350 44 2.24 1.2 50.00 29.4 696.2 92.1 1.98 .90 11.5 •INERTIA WEIGHT " llll 25 2'28 1-° 38.29 22.7 353.1 49.4 1.66 .60 21.4 2800 - 3799 55 2.10 1.0 36.95 23.0 517.5 90.0 1.96 .80 15.6 2§2S " llll 5® 2'2? U2 8 2Q.6 616.2 88.1 1.64 .71 12.6 4800 - 5799 12 2.64 1.5 48.27 28.3 767-3 93-2 1.83 .61 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 2-30 1.1 46.21 27.7 548.3 139-1 1-78 .73 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 8 CO FAILURES: 9 FAILURE RATE: 9-3% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.10 0.3 -2.13 6.4 -3-5 10.4 0.24 .71 AUDI 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 BUICK 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 CADILLAC 4 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 CHEVROLET 30 0.32 0.8 5.74 16.0 -11.3 34.1 0.06 .21 CHRYSLER 4 1.17 1.5 29.95 35.4 -29.5 35.3 -0.02 .07 DATSUN 5 -0.07 0.3 5.00 7.2 14.5 25.2 -0.15 .27 DODGE 7 0.39 1.0 9.60 25.4 -17.0 45.1 0.06 .15 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 FORD 35 0.05 0.3 0.45 2.7 0.1 0.4 0.01 .08 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 JEEP 3 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 MERCURY 7 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 PLYMOUTH 6 0.29 0.7 9.07 22.2 -1.9 4.7 -0.01 .03 PONTIAC 7 -0.14 0.4 -1.68 4.4 1.0 2.6 0.04 .11 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.4 ¦1.4 0.0 0.0 •0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ¦ 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.12 0.5 151 - 250 20 0.22 0.7 251 - 350 54 0.08 0.5 MORE THAN 350 44 0.17 0.6 1.75 4.70 1.60 4.25 4.8 2.4 10.5 0.01 .19 -0.3 13.8 -11.9 38.3 -0.01 .11 0.1 11.8 -2.6 12.0 0.07 • 31 0.0 16.0 -5.4 21.7 0.01 .06 -0.0 •INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 0.08 0.5 1.61 4.6 - 3799 - 4799 55 0.11 0.5 1.43 9.3 58 0.21 0.7 5.24 17.4 - 5799 12 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 -P -6.1 0.0 11.9 23.8 21.5 0.0 0.00 .20 0.05 -30 0.02 .12 0.00 0.00 -0.4 0.1 -0.1 0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.13 0.6 2.82 12.4 -3.6 20.4 0.03 .21 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 8 CO FAILURES : 9 FAILURE # OF ¦ PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 5.13 -6.36 10.27 1.35 AUDI 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 BUICK 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CADILLAC 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CHEVROLET 30 11.30 9-38 3-62 0.23 CHRYSLER 4 27. b4 27.05 -1.73 -3.16 DATSUN 5 -4.19 16.55 -8.03 -6.05 DODGE 7 10.21 12.09 3-33 0.08 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FORD 35 3.12 1.44 0.66 -0.26 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 JEEP 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MERCURY 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PLYMOUTH 6 10.77 17.39 -0.50 -2.70 PONTIAC 7 -5.59 -2.52 2.83 0.31 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.3% MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC "CO NOX 14.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 37.1 80.5 -5.9 49.6 0.0 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 34.8 -18.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -288.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 670.3 2060.9 427.0 1224.3 0.0 73-4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1105.7 -213.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 31.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.0 -1.5 -12.4 7.0 0.0 2.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -1.4 5.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 4.96 4.42 151 - 250 20 10.01 10.42 251 - 350 54 3.22 3.08 MORE THAN 350 44 6.99 7.83 0.85 -0.35 3-76 0.34 -1.57 0.71 0.08 -0.27 15.7 27.3 11.8 24.6 231.5 576.6 230.2 621.0 1.9 t.l 1.0 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 3.34 4.05 0.01 2800 - 3799 55 5.10 3.74 2.49 3800 - 4799 58 7.81 8.29 1.45 4800 - 5799 12 0.00 0.00 0.00 -1.71 0.40 -0.43 0.00 10.5 215.3 0.0 1£-3 193.6 6.8 28.5 728.2 3-4 0.0 0.0 0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 5.50 5.76 1.54 -0.39 18.6 391.6 3.9 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 18 CO FAILURES: 18 FAILURE RATE: 20.0$ # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS AUDI BUICK CADILLAC CHEVROLET CHRYSLER DATSUN DODGE FIAT FORD HONDA JEEP LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH PONTIAC PORSCHE TOYOTA VOLKSWAGON VOLVO 9 1.94 0.9 35.57 1 2.50 0.0 23.53 6 2.56 1.2 54.75 4 2.99 1.4 58.41 30 2.22 1.0 48.63 4 1.79 0.9 47.38 5 1.J1 0.5 25.19 7 3.42 1.6 69.80 1 1.31 0.0 12.56 35 1.61 0.5 30.54 1 2.44 0.0 18.35 3 2.70 0.6 35.18 2 3.41 2.7 40.85 7 2.01 °-z 54.15 8 1.75 0.8 37.31 6 2.37 1.0 43.08 7 2.72 1.2 68.14 1 3.13 0.0 52.49 6 2.36 0.8 34.63 5 2.30 0.9 33.58 2 2.37 0.9 52.25 22.1 0.0 26.3 42.1 29.5 20.2 13.9 20.3 0.0 15.1 0.0 14.7 8.0 26.5 14.1 16.4 24.2 0.0 ,!:! 12.8 481.8 95.7 311.7 0.0 548.9 80.2 743.7 67.3 539.9 120.2 639.6 66.9 322.8 543." 443. 45.6 87.6 0.0 524.0 578.7 306.4 611.3 132.8 358.1 0.0 656.7 46.2 905.0 16.4 650.5 80.9 577.9 75.2 93.7 108.0 0.0 393.3 41.9 370.6 27.1 415.0 30.9 2.05 .33 1.72 0.00 1.49 .49 1.69 .45 1.54 .66 1.34 .17 1.96 .38 1.60 .48 1.08 0.00 2.02 .73 2.16 0.00 3-33 1.31 2.20 .55 1.85 1.10 1.33 -24 2.27 1.26 1.46 .64 1.69 0.00 2.14 .34 1.17 .82 1.68 .14 16.5 24.9 14.3 10.5 14.8 12.4 24.6 13.7 19.0 14.0 22.5 12.4 9.1 12.1 14.0 15.1 13.1 22.3 19-6 20.7 17.6 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 2.20 1.93 2.25 2.11 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.1 34.91 38.05 45.72 46.69 15.8 20.2 28.4 23.8 368.0 52.0 468.9 66.1 571.9 699-0 57.6 93.7 1.70 .57 1.75 .51 1.66 .72 2.01 .91 21.0 16.8 13.8 11.5 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 2.17 0.9 55 2.02 0.9 58 2.18 1.0 12 2.64 1.5 34.43 35.33 52.04 48.27 15.9 354.0 49.6 20.6 520.4 91.3 25.9 622.6 86.7 28.3 767.3 93-2 1.65 YM 1.83 >9 50 r4 21.7 15.6 12.6 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 2.16 1.0 42.68 24.1 551.9 139-8 1.79 .74 15.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 18 CO FAILURES: 18 FAILURE RATE: 20.056 # OF . HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN ' S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.10 ¦ 0.3 -2.13 6.4 -3.5 10.4 0.24 .71 0.2 AUDI 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 BUICK 6 0.21 0.5 7.93 19.4 -1.8 4.4 -0.09 .23 -0.3 CADILLAC 4 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 CHEVROLET 30 0.60 0.9 12.53 19.4 -17.2 37.0 0.11 .23 -0.1 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63.35 9.9 -38.6 44.1 -0.05 .22 -1.0 DATSUN 5 -0.07 0.3 5.00 7.2 14.5 25.2 -0.15 .27 -1.4 DODGE 7 0.39 1.0 9.60 25.4 -17.0 45.1 0.06 .15 0.0 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.07 0.3 0.79 3.3 -2.3 14.1 -0.02 .22 -0.0 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 MERCURY 7 0.50 1.3 5.88 15.6 -20.5 54.2 -0.00 .00 0.2 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.19 0.7 5.38 11.9 -10.1 20.7 -0.04 .12 0.0 PLYMOUTH 6 0.29 0.7 9.07 22.2 -1.9 4.7 -0.01 .03 -0.4 PONTIAC 7 -0.14 0.4 -1.68 4.4 1.0 2.6 0.04 .11 0.0 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.20 0.5 9.75 21.8 -3.7 8.2 -0.09 .21 -0.6 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.20 0.6 4.77 10.8 1.7 12.0 151 - 250 20 0.29 0.8 7.08 16.8 -12.4 38.2 251 - 350 54 0.30 0.8 6.04 16.6 -9.9 26.6 MORE THAN 350 44 0.30 0.8 7-56 20.7 -8.1 26.4 0.02 .23 -0.5 -0.03 .17 0.0 0.07 • 32 -0.0 -0.02 .20 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 "800 - 4799 800 - 5799 25 0.18 0.5 5.48 11.8 2.1 13-6 0.01 .24 -0.6 0.20 0.7 3.05 12.4 -7.5 30.2 0.04 .31 0.0 58 0.45 0.9 11.18 22.2 -12.5 28.2 0.01 .22 -0.1 12 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.28 0.8 6.35 16.8 -7.2 26.3 0.02 .25 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES : 18 CO FAILURES: 18 FAILURE RATE: 2C 1.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 5.13 -6.36 10.27 1.35 14.2 -288.7 31.9 AUDI 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 BUICK 6 7.56 12.66 -6.77 -2.46 25.5 967.6 -11.5 CADILLAC 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 CHEVROLET 3? 21.23 20.48 6.58 -1.01 45.1 946.8 8.2 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 -4.24 -9.19 73.7 1913.4 -1.6 DATSUN 5 -4.19 16.55 -8.03 -6.05 -5.9 427.0 -12.4 DODGE 7 10.21 12.09 3-33 0.08 49.6 1224.3 7.0 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 FORD 35 4.23 2.52 -1.08 -0.10 10.9 120.3 -3-3 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 JEEP 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 MERCURY 7 19.94 9.80 -0.09 1.28 63.8 750.0 -0.2 OLDSMOBILE & 9.65 12.61 -3.34 0.20 18.0 517.9 -4.1 PLYMOUTH 6 10.77 17.39 -0.50 -2.70 34.8 1105.7 -1.4 PONTIAC 7 -5.59 -2.52 2.83 0.31 -18.3' -213-7 5.4 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 8.13 22.50 -8.57 -2.77 23.4 1120.7 -10.7 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 8.29 12.02 1.24 -2.52 22.1 531.1 2.4 151 - 250 20 12.84 15.69 -2.00 0.10 32.0 795-3 -3-9 251 - 350 54 11.81 11.68 4.21 -0.02 30.3 607.6 7.3 MORE THAN 350 44 12.40 13-93 -1.20 -0.66 33-7 851.6 -2.7 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 7.67 13-72 0.54 -2.89 19.4 588.8 1.0 9.01 7.94 1.97 0.29 25.1 383.2 5.0 58 17.05 17.69 0.51 -0.95 39.7 990.7 0.8 12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 ALL' VEHICLES 150 11.37 12.96 1.07 -0.88 29.8 684.2 2.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 31 CO FAILURES: 30 FAILURE RATE: 30.756 # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 1.91 0.9 2.50 0.0 2.46 1.3 2.46 0.7 2.10 1.0 1.79 0.9 1.71 0.5 3.42 1.6 0.0 3 1.31 1.63 0.5 2.44 0.0 2.44 0.6 3.41 2.7 2.01 0 1.75 0 2.44 1.1 2.S5 0.8 2.62 0.0 2.23 0.7 2.30 0.9 2.51 0.7 35.74 23.53 52.46 53.48 45.69 47.38 23.23 69.80 12.56 30.29 18.35 29.90 40.85 54.15 37.31 41 55 36.02 33.12 33-58 48.39 22.1 0.0 29.0 37.4 27.3 20.2 13.4 20.3 0.0 14.4 0.0 16.7 8.0 26.5 14.1 15.0 13.1 0.0 3.0 14.4 18.2 489.0 96.3 311.7 0.0 552.0 74.9 753-2 545.1 639.6 321.2 543. ~ 443. 608.8 358.1 674.4 905.0 650.5 577.9 528.6 580.4 348.7 394.8 370.6 429.0 54.0 121.3 66.9 47.3 87.6 0.0 133.5 0.0 40.7 16.4 80.9 75.2 84.9 105.6 0.0 43.7 27.1 50.8 1.98 .17 1.72 0.00 1.55 .44 1.51 .44 1.52 .71 1.34 .17 1.94 .36 1.60 .48 1.08 0.00 2.02 .72 2.16 0.00 3.29 1.28 2.20 .55 1.85 1.10 1.33 .24 2.20 1.30 1.38 .54 1.40 0.00 2.11 .36 1.17 .82 1.95 .51 16.3 24.9 14.3 10.5 14.8 12.4 25.0 13-7 19.0 14.0 22.5 12.2 9.1 12.1 14.0 15.0 13.4 21.5 19.7 20.7 17.3 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.17 0.8 151 - 250 20 1.96 1.0 251 - 350 54 2.16 1.0 MORE THAN 350 44 2.00 0.9 33.56 30.48 43.82 44.19 15.5 19-3 27.2 20.1 370. 46( a 53'1 466.8 55.9 576.9 56.9 700.1 92.9 1.70 1.76 1.64 1.98 .58 .48 .72 .92 21.0 16.9 13.7 11.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 38OO - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 55 58 12 2.12 2.01 0.8 0.9 !.07 0.9 !. 46 1.4 33.01 14.39 48.93 46.63 15.5 20.3 23. 25. 355.7 49.7 1.63 522.5 90.0 1.98 625.3 84.7 1.63 770.5 90.0 1.77 .58 iil 21.7 15.6 12.7 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 2.09 0.9 40.76 22.3 554.3 139-3 1.77 .74 15.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 31 CO FAILURES: 30 FAILURE RATE: 30.7% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.14 0.3 -2.30 AUDI 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 BUICK 6 0.31 0.5 10.23 CADILLAC 4 0.53 1.1 4.94 CHEVROLET 30 0.72 0.9 15.47 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63-35 DATSUN 5 -0.07 0.3 6.95 DODGE 7 0.39 1.0 9.60 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 FORD 35 0.05 0.3 1.04 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 JEEP 3 0.26 0.4 5.29 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 MERCURY 7 0.50 1.3 5.88 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.19 0.7 5.38 PLYMOUTH 6- 0.21 0.8 10.56 PONTIAC 7 0.22 0.8 11.22 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 16.47 TOYOTA 6 0.12 0.3 1.51 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.20 0.5 9 - 75 VOLVO 2 -0.14 0.2 3.86 6.3 0.0 19.1 9.9 20.2 9.9 6. 25. 0.0 3.6 0.0 9.2 0.0 15.6 11.9 21.8 23.7 0.0 3. 21. 5.5 -10.7 0.0 -4.9 -9.5 -22.4 -38.6 16.2 -17.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 -17.7 0.0 -20.5 -10.1 -6.6 -0.7 -42.3 -1.6 22.8 0.0 8.0 19.1 24.3 45.1 0.0 20.7 0.0 30.7 0.0 54.2 20.7 11.5 28.3 0.0 3-8 8.2 19-9 0.31 .71 0.00 0.00 -0.15 .25 0.18 .36 0.13 .28 -0.05 .22 -0.13 .29 0.06 .15 0.00 0.00 -0.03 .22 0.00 0.00 0.04 .08 0.00 0.00 -0.00 .00 -0.04 .12 0.05 .16 0.13 .25 0.29 0.00 0.03 -06 -0.09 .21 -0.26 .37 0.4 0.0 -0.4 0.0 -0.1 -1.0 -1.8 0.0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.3 -0-3 0.8 -0.0 -0.6 0.3 ~DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 0.23 0.6 6.11 0.26 0.8 8.66 0.39 0.8 7.94 0.40 0.9 10.06 10.9 -0.5 15.3 16.5 -10.4 44.3 17.8 -15.0 29.2 22.1 -9.2 28.7 0.02 .25 -0.5 -0.04 .21 -0.1 0.10 .35 0.0 0.01 .25 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 0.23 0.6 6.89 11.8 0.4 16.4 0.03 .25 -0.7 2800 - 3799 55 0.20 0.7 3-99 12.6 -9-6 34.4 0.03 .35 0.1 3800 - 4799 58 0.56 0.9 14.29 23.3 -15.2 30.5 0.04 .25 -0.2 4800 - 5799 12 0.18 0.6 1.65 5.7 -3.2 11.0 0.06 .21 0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.34 0.8 8.27 17.8 -9.6 29-5 0.04 .29 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 31 CO FAILURES: 30 FAILURE RATE: 30.7$ # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 6.68 -6.87 AUDI 1 0.00 0.00 BUICK 6 11.12 16.31 CADILLAC 4 17.63 8.45 CHEVROLET 30 25.50 25.29 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 DATSUN 5 -4.25 23.03 DODGE 7 10.21 12.09 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 FORD 35 3-17 3.33 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 JEEP 3 9.62 15.02 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.00 MERCURY 7 19.94 9.80 OLDSMOBILE 8 9.65 ¦12.61 PLYMOUTH 6 8.10 20.25 PONTIAC 7 8.64 16.89 PORSCHE 1 16.43 31.38 TOYOTA 6 5.19 4.36 VOLKSWAGON 5 8.13 22.50 VOLVO 2 -6.02 7.38 13.53 0.00 -11.01 10.68 -I:!? -7.06 3-33 0.00 -1.32 0.00 1.32 0.00 -0.09 -3-34 2.3^ 8.35 17.24 1.23 -8.57 -15.67 2.63 0.00 -2.68 0.01 -0.97 -9.19 -7.66 0.08 0.00 -0.48 0.00 1.22 0.00 1.28 0.20 -2.05 -2.20 3.57 -0.22 -2.77 1.59 14.2 0.0 26.0 55.7 45.1 73.7 ill 0.0 7.6 0.0 24.3 0.0 63-8 18.0 18.6 15.8 24.8 14.9 23.4 -10.8 -239.4 0.0 862.6 32.2 0.0 -13.0 522.3 971.9 1913.4 12-1 8.1 -1.6 472.8 1224.3 0.0 -8.7 7.0 0.0 149.1 0.0 493.9 -3.8 0.0 4.1 0.0 750.0 517.9 0.0 -0.2 -4.1 917.5 797.4 795.8 4.6 8.9 14.1 184.1 1120.7 292.2 3.2 -10.7 -20.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 9-54 15.41 151 - 250 20 11.81 19.19 251 - 350 54 15.21 15.34 MORE THAN 350 44 16.80 18.54 1.26 -2.64 21.1 563.2 2.0 -2.41 -0.33 22.3 737.4 -3-5 5.73 0.33 32.1 657.0 8.2 0.29 -1.12 39.7 985.4 0.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 9.79 17.26 1.83 -3-15 20.8 620.5 2.7 2800 - 3799 55 9.17 10.39 1.53 0.52 19.8 387-8 3.0 3800 - 4799 58 21.18 22.61 2.39 -1.30 42.6 1094.2 3.1 4800 - 5799 12 6.65 3.41 3-28 0.00 25.3 236.7 8.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 14.07 16.86 2.03 -0.96 30.5 736.4 3.3 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 47 CO FAILURES: 46 FAILURE RATE: 40.7% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.91 0.9 AUDI 1 2.50 0.0 BUICK 6 2.12 0.9 CADILLAC 4 2.05 0.9 CHEVROLET 30 2.04 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.71 0.5 DODGE 7 2.68 1.7 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.62 0.5 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 JEEP 3 2.44 0.6 LINCOLN 2 3.41 2.7 MERCURY 7 1.84 0.6 OLDSMOBILE b 1.75 0.8 PLYMOUTH 6 2.13 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.38 0.7 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.04 0.5 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.30 0.9 VOLVO 2 2.51 0.7 35.74 23.53 46.22 54.0 43.4 47.38 23.23 54.52 12.56 29.98 18.35 29.90 40.85 49.43 37-31 37.01 52.21 36.02 32.22 33.58 48.39 22.1 0.0 23.7 36.6 25.8 20.2 13-4 26.0 0.0 13.4 0.0 16.7 8.0 26.1 14.1 10.9 11.5 0.0 18.2 489.0 311.7 556.4 766.0 543.0 639.6 321.2 567.5 443.8 613-8 358.1 674.4 905.0 658.5 577.9 541.4 585.2 348.7 396.0 370.6 429.0 96.3 0.0 82.5 77.0 120.6 66.9 37-§ 83.8 0.0 133.0 0.0 40.7 16.4 80.7 75.2 89.8 94.4 0.0 42.4 27.1 50.8 1.98 .17 1.72 0.00 1.51 .47 1.58 1.48 1.34 36 63 17 16.3 24 ¦ 14 :? 1.94 .36 1.54 .66 1.08 0.00 1.97 .71 2.16 0.00 3.29 1.28 2.20 .55 1.73 .92 1.33 .24 2.09 1.36 1.32 .56 1.40 0.00 2.03 .32 1.17 .82 1.95 .51 10.4 15.0 12.4 25.0 13.7 19.0 13.9 22.5 12.2 9.1 12.1 14.0 14.9 13.4 21.5 19.7 20.7 17.3 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 2.13 1.87 2.04 1.88 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 32.43 35.3? 40.74 42.37 14.1 18.9 25.0 18.4 m 580.8 705.3 53.4 53.7 58.0 91.2 1.66 1.79 1.58 1.94 ,57 21.0 ,50 16.9 0 13.0 8 11.5 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 2.08 0.8 55 1.91 0.8 58 2.00 0.9 12 2.15 1.2 31.56 32.27 46.90 43.70 13.6 357.8 50.7 1.58 18.8 527.4 93.2 1.92 21.4 627.5 83.7 1.60 22.4 777.0 90.9 1.78 .56 21.8 .76 15.5 12.7 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.99 0.9 38.72 20.6 557.8 140.2 1.73 .72 15.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 47 CO FAILURES: 46 FAILURE RATE: 40.7% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.14 0.3 AUDI 1 0.00 0.0 BUICK 6 0.65 0.9 CADILLAC 4 0.94 1.1 CHEVROLET 30 0.77 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 DATSUN 5 -0.07 0.3 DODGE 7 1.12 1.2 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.07 0.4 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.26 0.4 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.0 MERCURY 7 0.68 1.3 OLDSMOBILE 6 0.19 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 0.52 1.0 PONTIAC 7 0.19 0.9 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.31 0.5 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.20 0.5 VOLVO 2 -0.14 0.2 -2.30 0.00 16.47 63.35 24l 11 0.00 1.35 0.00 5.29 0.00 10.60 5.38 15.14 14.25 16.47 2.41 tie 6.3 0.0 21.1 10.3 20.2 9-9 6-9 27.8 0.0 4.7 0.0 9.2 0.0 18.2 11.9 22.0 23.4 0.0 3-8 21.8 5.5 -10.7 0.0 -9.4 -22.3 -20.3 -38.6 16.2 -40.9 0.0 -4.8 0.0 -17.7 0.0 -28.5 -10.1 -19.3 -5.5 -42.3 -2.7 -?3:I 22.8 0.0 11.5 26.3 43.8 44.1 24.3 47.2 0.0 28.4 0.0 30.7 0.0 54.8 20.7 30.1 30.9 0.0 ij.3 8.2 19.9 0.31 .71 0.00 0.00 -0.12 .29 0.11 .43 0.17 .31 -0.05 .22 -0.13 .29 0.11 .48 0.00 0.00 0.03 .31 0.00 0.00 0.04 .08 0.00 0.00 0.12 .32 -0.04 .12 0.17 .30 0.18 .26 0.29 0.00 0.11 .20 -0.09 .21 -0.26 .37 0.4 0.0 -0.5 0.1 -0.3 -1.0 -1.8 -0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.8 -0.1 -0.6 0.3 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.27 0.6 7.25 11.0 -2.2 151 - 250 20 0.35 0.9 9.84 16.7 -12.3 251 - 350 54 0.51 0.9 11.03 19.7 -18.8 MORE THAN 350 44 0.53 0.9 11.87 22.6 -14.5 16.5 44.7 36.2 32.6 0.06 -0.07 0.16 0.05 .28 .25 12 -0.6 -0.1 0.0 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 "800 - 4799 800 - 5799 25 11 12 0.28 0.31 0.63 0.49 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.9 8.34 6.11 16.33 4.57 11.9 14.1 23-9 11.9 -1.7 -14.6 -17.4 -9.7 17.9 41.6 0.08 0.08 0.0 0.0 ,28 .43 .30 .23 -0.7 0.1 -0.2 0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.44 0.8 10.31 18.7 -13-1 33-5 0.07 .34 -0.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 47 CO FAILURES: 46 FAILURE RATE: 40.7? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 6.68 AUDI 1 0.00 BUICK 6 23.58 CADILLAC 4 31.45 CHEVROLET 30 27.41 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 DATSUN 5 -4.25 DODGE 7 29.49 FIAT .1 0.00 FORD 35 4.02 HONDA 1 0.00 JEEP 3 9.62 LINCOLN 2 0.00 MERCURY 7 26.92 OLDSMOBILE 6 9.65 PLYMOUTH 6 19.60 PONTIAC 7 7.51 PORSCHE 1 16.43 TOYOTA 6 13.27 VOLKSWAGON 5 8.13 VOLVO 2 -6.02 -6.87 0.00 26.27 7.44 2&.90 57.21 23.03 31.33 0.00 4.32 0.00 15.02 0.00 17.65 12.61 29.03 21.45 31.38 6.96 22.50 7.38 13.53 0.00 -8.37 6.61 10.27 -4.24 -7.06 6.54 0.00 1.26 0.00 1.32 0.00 6.4 -3-3 7.48 11.9 17.2 5.16 -8.57 -15.67 2.63 0.00 -3.35 1.38 ¦ 1.84 -9.19 ¦7.66 -0.36 0.00 0.12 0.00 1.22 0.00 1 0. -1. -2. 29 20 39 16 3-57 -0.45 -2.77 1.59 14.2 0.0 45.5 71.2 43.6 73.7 -H 78.7 0.0 8.2 0.0 24.3 0.0 67.7 18.0 37.1 11.0 24.8 29.2 23.4 -10.8 -239.4 0.0 1147.3 32.2 0.0 -8.1 329.3 1000.4 1913.4 8.4 9.6 -1.6 472.8 1743.2 0.0 -8.7 7.6 0.0 163.6 0.0 493.9 3.0 0.0 4.1 0.0 1061.1 517.9 0.0 12.0 -4.1 1080.2 878.9 795.8 12.0 11.0 14.1 225.4 1120.7 292.2 10.3 -10.7 -20.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 11.16 18.26 151 - 250 20 15.65 21.80 251 - 350 54 20.01 21.30 MORE THAN 350 44 21.91 21.89 J .47 • 32 9.11 2.60 -2.70 -°. 38 0.08 -0.83 21.8 27.8 6.0 5.6 590.9 787.6 777.9 1026.3 4.9 -5.9 11.2 4.5 ~INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 11.89 20.89 2800 - 3799 55 14.00 15.93 3800 - 4799 58 23.88 25.83 4800 - 5799 12 18.40 9-47 4.76 -3.23 21. 4.14 0.61 25. 4.16 -1.50 44. 3.04 0.02 51. 646.2 501.5 1168. 483. 6.1 6.8 5.0 5.9 ALL VEHICLES 150 18.17 21.03 4.15 -1.01 34.6 806.8 5.9 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 60 CO FAILURES: 60 FAILURE RATE: 51.3% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.86 0.9 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.87 0.9 CADILLAC 4 2.06 0.9 CHEVROLET 30 2.04 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.78 0.6 DODGE 7 2.07 0.8 FIAT 1 1.53 0.0 FORD 35 1.57 0.5 HONDA 1 2.79 0.0 JEEP 3 2.05 0.1 LINCOLN 2 3.31 2.8 MERCURY 7 1.82 0.6 OLDSMOBILE 8 ¦ 1.74 0.8 PLYMOUTH 6 1.87 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.38 0.7 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.04 0.5 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.30 0.9 VOLVO 2 2.51 0.7 35.07 17.73 41.50 52.83 43.48 47.38 21.89 51.03 17.52 29.65 17.09 24.23 35.14 46.98 36.05 31.08 52.21 36.02 32.22 "".58 • 39 il 21.0 0.0 22.1 34.8 25.8 20.2 11.3 22.2 0.0 13-1 0.0 6.9 0.1 28.2 15.0 10.6 11.5 0.0 i?:3 18.2 489.0 311.5 563.4 766.5 ill:! 408.6 622.4 316.8 671.1 885.4 664.2 582.2 553-6 585.2 348.7 396.0 370.6 429.0 96.3 0.0 87.8 76. 120. 66. 1.98 .17 2.09 0.00 1.44 .46 •31 .63 .17 8.6 4.0 0.0 135.3 0.0 36.6 44.1 79.8 71.8 102.0 94.4 0.0 42.4 27.1 50.8 16.4 25.6 14.4 10.4 15.0 12.4 24.5 13.9 20.1 13-8 25.2 12.4 9.3 12.1 14.0 14.9 13.4 0 0.00 21.5 1.34 2.13 .37 1.53 .64 0.94 0.00 1.90 .66 1.95 0.00 2.87 1.04 2.26 .46 1.78 1.03 1.39 .29 1.82 .83 W2 -5 2.03 .32 1.17 .82 1.95 .51 19.7 20.7 17.3 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.14 0.8 151 - 250 20 1.81 0.9 251 - 350 54 1.91 0." MORE THAN 350 44 1.83 0. 11:* 14.1 18.2 24.2 78 18.8 369.5 53.1 479.8 59.0 581.9 57.5 710.5 90.0 1.66 1.81 1.^5 1.86 .57 .55 .62 .77 21.2 16.6 13.8 11.5 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2.09 0.8 2800 - 3799 55 1.85 0.8 800 - 4799 58 1.88 0.7 800 - 5799 12 2.14 1.3 31.48 31.21 45.1? 42.34 13.6 354.8 49.4 18.4 532.0 92.4 21.3 632.5 87.6 21.5 773-9 86.8 1.58 .57 21.9 1.89 .64 15.5 1-5Z .69 12.7 1.78 .62 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.92 0.8 37.55 20.1 560.7 141.7 1.70 .66 15.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 60 CO FAILURES: 60 FAILURE RATE: 51.3* # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.18 0.3 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 BUICK 6 0.90 0.8 CADILLAC 4 0.92 1.1 CHEVROLET CHRYSLER 38 S:H 0.9 0.7 DATSUN 5 -0.14 0.4 DODGE 7 1.74 1.6 FIAT 1 -0.22 0.0 FORD 35 0.11 0.4 HONDA 1 -0.36 0.0 JEEP 3 0.65 0.6 LINCOLN 2 0.11 0.2 MERCURY 7 0.70 1.3 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.20 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 0.78 0.9 PONTIAC 7 0.19 0.9 PORSCHE( 1 0.51 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.31 0.5 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.20 0.5 VOLVO 2 -0.14 0.2 -1.63 5.80 21.18 5.59 17.68 63.35 8.29 28.37 -4.96 1.68 1.26 10.95 5.71 13.05 6.64 21.07 14.25 16.47 2.41 9 3 6.9 0.0 19.8 9.9 20.2 9.9 5.7 25.6 0.0 4.9 0.0 9.5 8.1 17. 11. 18.8 23-4 0.0 3-8 21.8 5.5 -10.7 0.3 -16.3 -22.8 -20.3 -38.6 1-9 -39.8 35.1 -13.4 41.3 -14.4 -11 6 34.2 14.3 -31.6 -5.5 ¦42.3 -2.7 .ii:T 22.9 0.0 16.3 25.8 43.8 44.1 46.8 48.4 0.0 44.5 0.0 33-9 27-7 53.4 21.8 26.5 30.9 0.0 S-3 8.2 19-9 0.31 .71 -0.37 0.00 -0.04 .37 0.14 0.17 -0.05 -0.32 0.13 0.14 .42 • 31 .22 .46 .48 0.00 0.10 .46 0.21 0.00 0.46 .69 -0.06 .09 0.07 .37 -0.11 .20 0.43 .54 0.18 .26 0.29 0.00 0.11 .20 -0.09 .21 -0.26 .37 0.4 -0.7 -0.5 0. 1 -0.3 -1.0 -1.3 -0.2 -1.1 0.2 -2.7 -0.0 -0.3 0.2 0.1 -0.2 1:3 -0.1 -0.6 0.3 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 20 si 0.26 0.40 0.64 0.58 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.9 7.31 11.00 12. 13 :5? 11.0 16.2 19.6 22.2 0.2 -23.3 -19.9 -19.7 19-3 0.06 55.0 -0.10 36.4 0.18 39.5 0.12 .29 .49 -0.7 0.2 -0.0 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 0.27 0.6 8.42 11.9 1.3 21.1 0.08 2800 - 3799 55 0.37 0.8 7.17 14.2 -19.2 45-9 0.12 '800 - 4799 58 0.75 1.0 18.03 23-5 -22.4 36.3 0.10 800 - 5799 12 0.50 0.9 5.93 11.8 -6.6 23.0 0.05 ,29 :S! .24 -0.9 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.51 0.9 11.48 18.6 -16.0 38.2 0.10 .42 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 60 CO FAILURES: 60 FAILURE RATE: 51.3* # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 8.92 10.08 32.50 30.95 27.41 57.65 -8.44 45.60 -17.23 6.58 -14.67 23.97 3.14 27.71 10.48 29.33 13.27 8.13 -6.02 -4.86 24.65 33.79 9.56 28.90 57.21 27.47 35.73 -39-52 5-V 6.89 31.12 13.98 21.74 15.56 40.40 21.45 31.38 6.96 22.50 7.38 13.42 -21.78 -3.18 8.21 10.27 -4.24 -17.74 7.68 13.28 4.85 9.81 13.88 -2. J: 96 82 42 19.18 11.9 17.2 5.16 -8.57 -15.67 2.41 -2.94 -3.51 1.2 -1.8 -9.19 -5.80 -1.53 -6.04 1.20 -11.96 -0.37 -3.19 1.55 0.62 -1.12 -2.16 3.57 -0.45 -2.77 1.59 16.2 9.2 53-4 50.3 43.6 73.7 -7.8 101.1 -8.1 11.2 -17-3 41.2 6.6 56.2 16.6 40.9 n .g 24.8 29.2 23.4 -10.8 -144.3 210.8 1256.9 304.2 1000.4 1913.4 468.3 1651.5 -179.6 169.3 61.1 697.3 351.4 1054.3 541.6 1108.0 878.9 795.8 225.4 1120.7 292.2 27.3 -13.6 -2.6 7.5 9.6 -1.6 -18.1 7.4 5.2 9.7 10.2 29.5 -4.0 5.7 -8.8 22.7 11.0 14.1 10. 3 -10.7 -20.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 10.73 151 - 250 20 18.23 251 - 350 54 25.14 MORE THAN 350 44 24.05 18.43 24.37 24.15 24.83 3.43 -5.74 10.50 6.28 -3.40 18.2 518.6 4.2 1.13 27.4 746.0 -6.7 -0.10 41.7 612.7 11.8 -0.46 39-8 924.6 8.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 11.33 21.10 2800 - 3799 55 16.67 18.69 3800 - 4799 58 28.52 28.52 4800 - 5799 12 18.89 12.29 4.72 6.09 6.13 2.94 -4.09 1.16 -1.29 -0.49 17.5 38.6 552.2 529.1 1117.3 459.0 5.1 9.0 6.3 4.2 ALL VEHICLES 150 20.95 23-41 5.64 -0.96 34.5 776.4 6.9 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. §0011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 74 CO FAILURES: 74 FAILURE RATE: 60.7% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.86 0.9 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.62 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.06 0.9 CHEVROLET 30 2.03 1.0 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.77 0.6 DODGE 7 1.96 0.7 FIAT 1 1.53 0.0 FORD 35 1.55 0.5 HONDA 1 2.79 0.0 JEEP 3 2.05 0.1 LINCOLN 2 3.31 2.8 MERCURY 7 1.82 0.6 OLDSMOBILE 6 1.74 0.8 PLYMOUTH 6 1.87 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.3 6 0.7 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.13 0.4 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.25 0.8 VOLVO 2 2.51 0.7 35.07 m 8:1? 47-38 23.91 49.45 17.52 29.14 17.09 24.23 35.14 46.98 36.05 31.08 52.21 36.02 31.68 29.43 48.39 21.0 0.0 16.5 34.8 26.0 20.2 11.0 19.7 0.0 12.2 0.0 6.9 0.1 28.2 15.0 10.6 11.5 0.0 7.1 11.4 18.2 489.0 96.3 311.5 0.0 568.6 89-4 766.5 76.6 544.3 120.4 639-6 66.9 335.9 78.4 566.0 83.8 408.6 0.0 629.5 141.9 316.8 0.0 671.1 36.6 1.98 .17 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 1.55 •31 1.48 .63 1.34 .17 2.09 .39 1.51 .65 885.4 44.1 664.2 79.8 582.2 71.8 553.6 102.0 585.2 94.4 348.7 0.0 396.6 44.6 371.2 28.0 429.0 50.8 0.94 0.00 1.84 .67 1.95 0.00 2.87 1.04 2.26 .46 1.78 1.03 1.39 .29 1.82 .83 1.32 .5 1.40 0. 00 2.16 .60 1.08 .63 1.95 .51 16.4 25.6 14.4 10.4 15.0 12.4 24.3 13.9 20.1 13-7 25.2 12.4 9.3 12.1 14.0 14. Q 13.4 21.5 19.8 20.9 17.3 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 20 5! 2.15 1.82 1.87 1.79 0.8 31.54 1- j. 4 370.0 53-1 1.66 .61 0.9 34.33 1? Lo 478.9 584.5 58.7 1.77 .54 °-z 38.29 2- 58.6 1 -54 .61 0.6 40.31 1£ J.3 714.7 93.4 1.85 .78 21.2 16.6 13.8 11.5 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2800 - 3799 55 3800 - 4799 58 4800 - 5799 12 2.11 1.84 1.82 2.14 0.8 0.7 0.7 1.3 31.25 30.68 44.14 42.34 13.1 17.9 20.8 21.5 355.3 49.5 533.2 93.8 636.7 92.4 773.9 86.8 1.60 1.85 1.55 1.78 .64 21.9 .63 15.5 .70 12.6 ,62 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.90 0.8 36.91 19.6 562.8 143.8 1.69 .66 15.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 74 CO FAILURES: 74 FAILURE RATE: 60.7% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS AUDI BUICK CADILLAC CHEVROLET CHRYSLER DATSUN DODGE FIAT FORD HONDA JEEP LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH PONTIAC PORSCHE TOYOTA VOLKSWAGON VOLVO 9 1 6 0.18 0.25 1.15 0.3 0.0 0.7 4 32 0.92 0.78 2.44 1.1 0.9 0.7 5 7 1 -0.13 1.84 -0.22 0.4 1.4 0.0 35 1 3 0.14 -0.36 0.65 0.4 0.0 0.6 2 I 0.11 0.70 0.20 0.2 1.3 0.7 6 7 1 0.78 0.19 0.51 0.9 0.9 0.0 6 5 2 0.23 0.25 -0.14 0.7 0.4 0.2 -1.63 5.80 24.64 5.59 18.75 63.35 6.27 29.95 -4.96 2.19 1.26 10.95 5.71 13.05 6.64 21.07 14.25 16.47 2.95 13.90 3.86 6.9 0.0 17.0 9.9 19.5 9.9 9. 23- 0.0 5.5 0.0 9.5 8.1 17. 11. 18.8 23.4 0.0 6.1 21.5 5.5 -10.7 0.3 -21.6 -22.8 -21.5 -38.6 1.4 -39.4 35.1 -20.5 41. -14. 19.6 -34.2 -14.3 -31.6 -5.5 -42.3 -14.1 22.9 0.0 15.0 25.8 43.4 44.1 46.8 48.8 0.0 49.6 0.0 33.9 27.7 53.4 21.8 26.5 30.9 0.0 8.2 7.9 19-9 0.31 .71 -0.37 0.00 0.01 .40 0.14 .42 0.17 .31 -0.05 .22 -0.28 .50 0.14 .48 0.14 0.00 0.15 .50 0.21 0.00 0.46 .69 -0.06 .09 0.07 .37 -0.11 .20 0.43 .54 0.18 .26 0.29 0.00 -0.02 .42 0.00 .33 -0.26 .37 0.4 -0.7 -0.5 0.1 -0.3 -1.0 -1.1 -0.3 -1.1 0.2 -2.7 -0.0 -0.3 0.2 0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.8 -0.2 -0.8 0.3 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.25 0.7 8.14 11.6 -0. 151 - 250 20 0.40 0.9 10.81 16.4 -22. 251 - 350 0.68 1.0 13.48 19.4 -22. MORE THAN 350 44 0.62 0.9 13.94 22.1 -23. 19.6 55.5 37.0 42.3 0.06 -0.06 0.20 0.14 :8 .43 .50 -0.7 0.2 0.0 -0.0 •INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 0.25 0.6 8.65 12.4 0.8 - 3799 - 4799 55 O.38 0.8 7.70 14.3 -20.4 58 0.81 1.0 19.08 23.0 -26.6 - 5799 12 0.50 0.9 5.93 11.8 -6.6 21.5 46.8 38.1 23.0 0.06 0.16 0.11 0.05 • 34 ,24 -0.9 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.53 0.9 12.12 18.5 -18.2 39.5 0.12 .44 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 74 CO FAILURES: 74 FAILURE RATE: 60.7% # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN 2 MERCURY 7 OLDSMOBILE 8 PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 8.92 10.08 41.54 30.95 27.90 57.65 -7-93 48.39 -17.23 8.24 -14.67 23.97 3.14 27.71 10.48 29.33 1'V 16.43 9.72 10.13 -6.02 -4.86 24.65 39.31 9.56 30.66 57.21 20.79 37.72 -39.52 6.98 6.89 31.12 13.98 21.74 15.56 40.40 21.45 31.38 8.52 32.08 7.38 13.42 -21.78 0.88 8.21 10.34 -4.24 13.2! 7.72 9.81 13.88 ~2'l\ -5." 42 19-18 11.93 17.24 -1.12 0.19 -15.67 2.41 -2.94 -3.64 1.23 -2.00 -9.19 -4.69 -1.92 -6.04 1.77 -11.96 -0.37 -3.19 1.55 0.62 -1.12 -2.16 3.57 -0.78 -3.97 1.59 16.2 9.2 56.0 50.3 39.1 73.7 -6. 9§- -8.1 11.9 -17.3 41.2 6.6 56.2 16.6 40.9 11*9 24.8 12.6 21. -10. -144.3 210.8 1200.0 304.2 935.1 1913.4 303.1 1550.1 -179.6 187.7 61.1 697.3 351.4 1054.3 541.6 1108.0 878.9 795.8 162.2 1188.0 292.2 27.3 -13.6 0.6 l-5 8.5 -1.6 -13.6 7.2 5.2 13.2 10.2 29.5 -4.0 22.7 11.0 14.1 -1.3 0.2 -20.0 ~DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 20 5! 10.40 17.96 26.75 25.55 20.51 23.95 26.04 25.69 3.45 -3.23 11.52 6.86 -3-56 1.02 0.02 -0.13 14.4 25.7 40.4 39.5 470.5 697.6 797.9 893.7 3.4 -3-8 11.8 8.7 *INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 800 - 4799 "00 - 5799 n 25 55 58 12 10.48 17.00 3g-§5 18.89 21.67 20.06 30 12 18 29 :p .88 .94 -4.06 1.10 -1.07 -0.49 13.2 26.2 44.9 38.6 461.4 535.7 1056.7 459.0 3.2 11.1 6.4 4.2 ALL VEHICLES 150 21.89 24.71 6.50 -0.91 32.4 738.4 7.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. §0011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 89 CO FAILURES: 89 FAILURE RATE: 68.7$ # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AUDI* M°T0IIS ? \-\l 3«-'f 2J-9 »?9.6 86.7 1.96 .16 15.9 BUICK 6 i.li o'i ll:ll ,?:§ III:! 8°:S !:§! °;jjg CHEVROLET 30 z\o\ l'o SI'^7 Ifi'n JaM J'ff -?1 10-4 CHSYSLER 3, $:H 26-0 |«.| 120.4 l.p .if i|.o DATSUN 5 1.77 0.6 23-91 11.0 335.9 78.4 2.09 .39 24.3 DODGE 7 1.76 0.7 43.71 21.3 573.2 79.1 1.50 .64 14.0 FIAT 1 1.53 0.0 17.52 0.0 408.6 0.0 0.94 0.00 20.1 FORD 35 1.54 0.5 29.65 11.7 636.3 145.3 1-78 .65 13.6 HONDA 1 2.79 0.0 17.09 0.0 316.8 0.0 1.95 0.00 25.2 JEEP 3 2.05 0.1 24.23 6.9 b71.1 36.6 2.87 1.04 12.4 LINCOLN 2 3.31 2.8 35.14 0.1 885.4 44.1 2.26 .46 9.3 MERCURY 7 1.84 0.6 50.67 35.1 679-4 92.2 1.80 1.00 11.8 OLDSMOBILE 8 1-74 0.8 36.05 15.0 582.2 71.8 1.39 .29 14.0 PLYMOUTH 6 1.87 1.1 31.08 10.6 553.6 102.0 1.82 .83 14.9 PONTIAC 7 2.38 0.7 52.21 11.5 585.2 94.4 1.32 .56 13.4 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 36.02 0.0 348.7 0.0 1.40 0.00 21.5 TOYOTA 6 2.05 0.3 30.47 6.4 402.7 41.2 2.09 .68 19.6 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.25 0.8 29.43 11.4 371.2 28.0 1.08 .63 20.9 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.3 41.31 8.2 436.3 40.7 2.02 .41 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT „ U Si f:! 1 1 II MORE THAN 350 14 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 « 2.09 0.8 30.96 15.1 356.8 50.2 1.|8 ;g| lloo = 111! t 22-0 6 - 800 - 5799 12 2.08 1.2 41.93 21.5 779.6 90.5 1.71 .57 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.89 0.8 36.85 20.0 566.4 145.0 1.67 .66 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 89 CO FAILURES: 89 FAILURE RATE: 68.7? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.15 0.4 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.15 0.7 CADILLAC 4 0.92 1.1 CHEVROLET 30 0.78 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 DATSUN 5 -0.13 0.4 DODGE 7 2.05 1.2 FIAT 1 -0.22 0.0 FORD 35 0.14 0.5 HONDA 1 -0.36 0.0 JEEP 3 0.65 0.6 LINCOLN 2 0.11 0.2 MERCURY 7 0.67 1.3 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.20 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 0.78 0.9 PONTIAC 7 0.19 0.9 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.31 0.7 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.25 0.4 VOLVO 2 0.09 0.5 -2.67 5.80 24.64 7.3 0.0 17.0 -21.2 0.3 -21.6 5-59 18.79 63-35 9.9 19.5 9.9 -22.8 -21.5 -38.6 6.27 3:8 9.7 19.9 0.0 1.4 -46.5 35.1 1.68 1.26 10.95 6.6 0.0 9.5 -27.2 41.3 -14.4 5.71 8.1 19.6 1:11 21.07 14.25 16.47 4.16 13.90 10.94 22.9 11.8 18.8 23.4 0.0 6.1 21.5 4.6 -.n -31.6 -42! 3 -21.3 35.8 0.0 15.0 25.8 43.5 44.1 46.8 45.6 0.0 50.1 0.0 33-9 27.7 57.2 21.8 26.5 30.9 0.0 15.6 7.9 9.7 0.33 .71 -0.37 0.00 0.01 .40 0.14 .42 0.17 .32 ¦0.05 .22 -0.28 .50 0.16 .47 0.14 0.00 0.22 .50 0.21 0.00 0.46 .69 -0.06 .09 0.05 .38 -0.11 .20 0.43 .54 0.18 .26 0.29 0.00 0.04 .46 0.00 .33 -0.34 .27 0.8 -0.7 -0.5 0.1 ¦0.3 ¦ 1.0 -1.1 -0.3 -1.1 0.4 -2.7 -0.0 -0.3 0.4 0.1 -0.2 ¦0-3 0.8 0.0 ¦ 0.8 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.28 0.7 8.81 11.4 -1.9 151 - 250 20 0.38 0.9 10.30 16.9 -28.7 251 - 350 0.69 1.0 13.92 20.0 -24.1 MORE THAN 350 44 0.64 0.9 13.36 22.8 -30.1 20.7 57.2 37.1 44.1 0.07 .34 -0.7 -0.04 .41 0.4 0.21 .43 0.0 0.17 .51 0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2800 - 3799 55 38OO - 4799 58 4800 - 5799 12 0.27 0. 39 0.82 0.56 0.6 8.94 12.3 -0.7 22.8 0.08 0.9 8.21 15.4 -24.5 47.7 0.18 1.0 18.56 23.7 -30.2 39 - 3 0.12 0.9 6.34 11.7 -12.2 28.8 0.12 .35 :8 • 31 •0.8 0.3 ¦0.1 0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.55 0.9 12.18 19.0 -21.8 40.9 0.13 .44 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 89 CO FAILURES: 89 FAILURE RATE: 68.7% # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 7-47 -7.99 AUDI 1 10.08 24.65 BUICK 6 41.54 39-31 CADILLAC 4 30.95 9-56 CHEVROLET 30 27.83 30.72 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 DATSUN 5 -7.93 20.79 DODGE 7 53.86 44.94 FIAT 1 -17.23 -39.52 FORD 35 8.50 5.37 HONDA 1 -14.67 6.89 JEEP 3 23.97 31.12 LINCOLN 2 3.14 13-98 MERCURY 7 26.60 15.59 OLDSMOBILE 8 10.48 15.56 PLYMOUTH 6 29-33 40.40 PONTIAC 7 7.51 21.45 PORSCHE 1 16.43 31-38 TOYOTA 6 13.08 12.02 VOLKSWAGON 5 10.13 32.08 VOLVO 2 4.00 20.94 14.32 -21.78 0.88 8.21 10.15 -4.24 -15.55 9.46 13.28 11.01 9.81 13-88 -2.96 2.66 -8.42 19.18 11-9 17.2 2.01 0.19 -20.07 4.94 -2.94 -3.64 1.23 -2.02 -9.19 -4.69 -u\ 2.70 -11.96 -0.37 -3.19 3.47 0.62 -1.12 -2.16 3-57 0.14 -3-97 0.62 11.8 9.2 56.0 50.3 37.7 73-7 -6.3 91.5 -8.1 9.9 -17.3 41.2 6.6 46.0 16.6 40.9 11.9 24.8 14.3 21.7 4.6 -206. 210. 1200.0 304.2 905.8 1913-4 303-1 1592.7 -179-6 115.9 61.1 697-3 351.4 644.3 541.6 1108.0 878.9 795.8 192.9 1188.0 528.5 25.3 -'fcf U -1.6 -13.6 7.0 5.2 15.2 10.2 29-5 -4.0 3-4 -8.8 22.7 11.0 14.1 2.0 0.2 -16.3 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 11.63 22.19' 3-90 -3.44 15.2 478.8 3.7 151 - 250 20 17-20 22.82 -2.52 2.39 22.5 606.0 -2.5 251 - 350 54 27-08 26.89 12.36 0.14 37.5 755.7 11.6 MORE THAN 350 44 26.47 24.63 8.38 0.65 37-6 788.0 9.8 •INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 11.28 22.40 4.56 - 3799 - 4799 55 17.48 21.38 8.76 58 31.03 29.36 7.47 - 5799 12 21.09 13-14 6.42 -3-85 ¦ 13-6 457.2 3-9 " TO 23-2 491.5 10.5 -0.1 2 43.3 985.6 6.6 0.01 39.3 447.3 8.3 ALL VEHICLES 150 22.45 24.85 7.46 -0.45 30.7 684.6 7-6 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES : 111 CO # OF HC VEH. MEAN S.] •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.70 0 AUDI 1 2.25 0 BUICK 6 1.62 0 CADILLAC 4 2.08 0 CHEVROLET 30 1.96 0 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0 DATSUN 5 1.77 0 DODGE 7 1.76 0 FIAT 1 1.53 0 FORD 35 1.48 0 HONDA 1 2.79 0 JEEP 3 2.05 0 LINCOLN 2 3.31 2 MERCURY 7 1.82 0 OLDSMOBILE b 1.64 0 PLYMOUTH 6 1.87 1 PONTIAC 7 2.44 0 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0 TOYOTA 6 2.05 0 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.25 0 VOLVO 2 2.27 0 CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. 82.7$ NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN 33-08 ll:ll 54.14 40.42 47.38 23.91 43.71 17.52 29.62 17.09 24.23 35.14 51.56 34.90 31.08 53.38 36.02 30.47 29.43 41.31 19.8 0.0 16.5 33.9 23-5 20.2 11.0 21.3 0.0 11.5 0.0 6.9 0.1 34.4 12.9 10.6 11.4 0.0 6.4 11.4 8.2 505.8 81.8 311.5 0.0 568.6 89.4 765.2 76.5 545.1 120.1 639.6 66.9 335.9 78.4 573.2 79.1 408.6 0.0 656.8 157.4 316.8 0.0 671.1 36.6 885.4 673.6 585.6 44.1 96.6 70.9 J.6 102.0 588.0 99.1 348.7 0.0 402.7 41.2 .1.2 28.0 36.3 40.7 1.86 .26 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 1.53 .31 1.47 .63 1.34 .17 2.09 -39 1.50 .64 0.94 0.00 1.67 .54 1.95 0.00 2.87 1.04 2.26 .46 1.72 1.04 1.37 .30 1.82 1.32 1.40 0.00 .8- .51 II 2.09 1.08 2.02 .68 .63 .41 15.9 25.6 14.4 10.4 15.0 12.4 24.3 14.0 20.1 13.2 25.2 12.4 9-3 11.9 14.0 14.9 13.4 21.5 19.6 20.9 17.5 ~DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 2.11 1.80 1.7? 1.74 0.8 0.8 0. 0. 30.46 12.6 ..76 17.3 . >.60 21.3 (1.46 20.1 ..8 55.9 -J.O 56.3 589.2 58.0 733.4 102.1 1.62 .59 1.71 .52 1.50 .62 1.76 .72 21.1 16.5 13.7 11.2 •INERTIA HEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 38OO - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 2.08 0.8 30.91 13.1 1.80 0.7 29.50 16.4 58 1.74 0.7 43.92 20.3 12 2.09 1.2 42.37 21.4 358.1 52.1 538.5 89.0 652.5 108.6 779.1 90.5 1.57 .63 21.8 1.79 .63 15.4 1.49 .63 12.4 1.71 .57 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.84 0.8 36.34 19-1 571.8 150.0 1.63 .63 14.9 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 30011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 111 CO FAILURES: 111 FAILURE RATE: 82.7% * OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 0.34 0.4 0.25 0.0 1.15 0.7 0.91 1.1 0.85 0.9 2.44 0.7 -0.13 0.4 2.05 1.2 -0.22 0.0 0.20 0.5 -0.36 0.0 0.65 0.6 0.11 0.2 0.69 1.3 0.30 0.8 0.78 0.9 0..13 0.9 0.51 0.0 0.31 0.25 0.09 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.37 5.80 24.64 4.27 20.74 63-35 6.2 35.6 -4.96 1.72 1.26 10.95 17 7.79 21.0 13.0 16.47 4.16 13-90 10.94 10.9 0.0 17.0 11.2 20.1 9.9 9.7 19.9 0.0 7.1 0.0 9.5 8.1 23.3 11.5 18.8 24.4 0.0 6.1 21.5 4.6 -27.5 0.3 -21.6 -21.6 -22.4 -38.6 1.4 -46.5 35.1 -47.8 41. -14. 19.6 -43.6 -17.8 -31.6 -il:l -21.3 37.2 0.0 15.0 27.3 43.4 45.1 46.8 45.6 0.0 57.2 0.0 33.9 27.7 65.0 21.4 26.5 31-2 0.0 15.6 7.9 9.7 0.42 -0.37 0.01 .68 0.00 .40 0.9 -0.7 -0.5 0.16 0.17 -0.05 .41 • 32 .22 0.1 -0.4 -1.0 -0.28 0.16 0.14 :S°7 0.00 -1.1 -0.3 -1.1 0.33 0.21 0.46 .59 0.00 .69 0.7 -2.7 -0.0 -0.06 0.13 -0.09 .09 .39 .22 -0.3 0.3 0.1 0.43 0.18 0.29 .54 .26 0.00 -0.2 -0.2 0.8 0.04 0.00 -0.34 .46 • 33 .27 0.0 -0.8 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.29 0.6 151 - 250 20 0.42 0.9 251 - 350 54 0.76 1.0 MORE THAN 350 44 0.66 0.9 9.21 12.79 11.2 16.8 20.5 23.3 -4.1 -29.5 -27.3 -42.5 21.8 5Z-1 3^.9 51.2 0.10 0.01 0.24 0.22 :P .43 .57 -0.6 0.3 0.0 0.3 ~INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 0.28 0.6 8.' 2800 - 3799 55 0.42 0.9 8.1 "800 - 4799 58 0.89 1.0 19.30 800 - 5799 12 0.55 0.9 5.91 12.2 15.3 24.3 12.0 -2.0 -25.7 -42.4 -11.8 U'1 48.3 45.1 29.1 0.09 0.22 0.18 .48 0.12 .31 11 -0.8 0.3 0.1 0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.59 0.9 12.69 19.3 -27.1 44.7 0.17 .47 -0.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 111 CO FAILURES: 111 FAILURE RATE: 82.7$ # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 16.67 AUDI 1 10.08 BUICK 6 41.54 CADILLAC 4 30.39 CHEVROLET 30 30.28 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 DATSUN 5 -7 93 DODGE 7 53'M FIAT 1 -17.23 FORD 35 12.00 HONDA 1 -14.67 JEEP 3 23.97 LINCOLN 2 3.14 MERCURY 7 27.37 OLDSMOBILE 8 15.34 PLYMOUTH 6 29-33 PONTIAC 7 5.02 PORSCHE 1 16.43 TOYOTA 6 13.08 VOLKSWAGON 5 10.13 VOLVO 2 4.00 1.10 18.55 5.10 20.9 24.65 -21.78 -2.94 9.2 13.98 14.11 39-31 0.88 -3.64 56.0 7.31 9.30 1.33 38.6 33.91 10.59 -2.44 38.5 57.21 -4.24 -9.19 73-7 20.79 -15.55 -4.69 -6.3 44.94 9.46 -2.39 91.5 -39.52 5.48 16.68 4.99 8.9 6.89 9.81 -11.90 -17.3 31.12 13.88 -0.37 41.2 10.59 -4.24 -2.44 -9.19 -15.55 9.46 13.28 -4.69 3:8 16.68 9.81 13.88 4.99 -11.96 -0.37 -2.96 6.97 -7.12 -3-19 2.63 0.81 19.18 12.01 17.24 -1.12 -1.67 3.57 2.01 0.19 -20.07 =r c--c\] omo 1 .98 -2.96 -3.19 6.6 " . . 36.5 18.26 -7.12 0.81 21.0 40.40 19.18 -1.12 40.9 19.68 12.01 -1.67 7.0 31.38 17.24 3.57 24.8 12.02 2.01 0.14 14.3 32.08 0.19 -3-97 21.7 20.94 -20.07 0.62 4.6 22.5 210.8 1200.0 26.1 -13.6 0.6 181.6 937.6 1913.4 6.7 7.9 -1.6 303.1 1592.7 -179.6 -13.6 7.0 5.2 75.8 61.1 697.3 14.7 10.2 29.5 351.4 450.3 551.1 -4.0 6.9 -6.5 1108.0 712.3 795.8 22.7 i*:f 192.9 1188.0 528.5 2.0 0.2 -16.3 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 12.07 20 19.09 54 29.88 44 27.56 23.22 5.81 25.20 0.48 29.29 13.66 23.57 11.28 -3.15 14.5 2.07 21.7 0.2& 38.0 2.18 29.4 461.6 5.0 583.2 0.4 756.8 11.8 565.8 9.9 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800-2799 25 11.72 22.52 5.43 -3.61 13.7 446.1 4. __ " " "1.4 ' 2800 - 3799 55 19.01 23.15 11.00 1.75 22.4 472.9 11, "800 - 4799 58 33-75 30.53 10.49 0.46 37-3 812.8 7.4 800 - 5799 12 20.68 12.23 6.75 0.04 34.7 371.4 7.8 ALL VEHICLES 150 24.15 25.89 9-62 -0.02 28.4 613.1 8.4 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES : 129 CO # OF HC VEH. MEAN s.: •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.70 0 AUDI 1 2.25 0 BUICK 6 1.62 0 CADILLAC 4 2.08 0 CHEVROLET 30 1.94 0 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0 DATSUN 5 1.77 0 DODGE 7 1.76 0 FIAT 1 1.53 0 FORD 35 1.49 0 HONDA 1 2.79 0 JEEP 3 1.83 0 LINCOLN 2 1.31 0 MERCURY 7 1.72 0 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.54 0 PLYMOUTH 6 1.88 1 PONTIAC 7 2.44 0 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0 TOYOTA 6 2.05 0 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.25 0 VOLVO 2 2.27 0 CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. 90.7? NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN 33.08 M 54.14 40.23 47.38 23.91 43.71 17.52 29.55 17.09 23.49 30.20 49.62 30.34 30.57 53.38 35.02 30.47 29.43 41.31 19.8 505.8 81.8 0.0 311.5 0.0 16.5 568.6 89.4 &9o III 20.2 11.0 21.3 0.0 11.5 0.0 7.7 6.9 34.7 12.1 11.1 11.4 0.0 6.4 11.4 8.2 1.86 .26 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 •.t 2 76.5 544.4 120.2 639.6 66.9 1.34 •31 .69 .17 335.9 78.4 573.2 79.1 408.6 0.0 656.0 157.5 316.8 0.0 671.6 35.7 868.1 19.6 687.9 77.1 590.4 75.9 555.6 102.6 588.0 99.1 348.7 0.0 402.7 41.2 1.2 28.0 36.3 40.7 2.09 1.50 0.94 0.00 1.67 .54 1.95 0.00 2.96 .91 2.07 .19 1.72 1.04 1.42 .29 1.85 .83 1.32 .56 1.40 0.00 2.09 .68 1.08 .63 2.02 .41 15.9 25.6 14.4 10.4 15.1 12.4 24.3 14.0 20.1 13.3 25.2 12.5 9.7 11.7 14.0 14.8 13.4 21.5 19.6 20.9 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.11 0.8 30.46 12.6 151 - 250 20 1.77 0.8 32.54 17.2 251 - 350 54 1.79 0.7 36.74 21.4 MORE THAN 350 44 1.60 0.7 40.18 20.7 373.8 491.2 588.5 733.5 55.9 64.2 58.1 99.9 1.62 .59 1.73 .51 1.50 .62 1.77 .73 21.1 16.4 13.7 11.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 2799 25 2.08 0.8 3799 55 1.78 0.7 4799 58 1.74 0.7 5799 12 1.61 0.6 30.91 13-1 358.1 52.1 29.11 16.3 539-9 89.2 43.67 20.6 652.3 109.0 39.25 22.8 779.7 80.1 1.57 .63 1.80 .63 .66 1.50 1.69 .49 21.8 15.4 12.5 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.80 0.7 35.85 19.2 572.2 149-6 1.64 .64 14.9 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 129 CO FAILURES: 125 FAILURE RATE: 90.7% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.34 0.4 0.37 10.9 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 5.80 0.0 BUICK 6 1.15 0.7 24.64 17-0 CADILLAC 4 0.91 1.1 4.27 11.2 CHEVROLET 30 0.88 0.9 20.93 20.0 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63.35 9-9 DATSUN 5 -0.13 0.4 6.27 9-7 DODGE 7 2.05 1.2 35.68 19-9 FIAT 1 -0.22 0.0 -4.96 0.0 FORD 35 0.20 0.5 1.78 7.3 HONDA 1 -O.36 0.0 1.26 0.0 JEEP 3 0.87 0.3 11.69 8.2 LINCOLN 2 2.11 2.7 10.65 1.1 MERCURY 7 0.79 1-3 10.41 23-1 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.40 0.8 12.36 10.4 PLYMOUTH 6 0.77 0.9 21.58 18.1 PONTIAC 7 0.13 0.9 13.08 24.4 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 16.47 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.31 0.7 4.16 6.1 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.25 0.4 13.90 21.5 VOLVO 2 0.09 0.5 10.94 4.6 -27.5 0.3 -21.6 -21.6 -21.7 -38.6 1.4 -46.5 35.1 -47.0 41.3 -14.9 36.9 -57.9 -22.5 ill -42.3 -21.3 37.2 0.0 15.0 27.3 44.1 44.1 46.8 45.6 0.0 58.0 0.0 33.6 3.2 64.8 23.5 24.0 31.2 0.0 15.6 7.9 9.7 0.42 .68 -0.37 0.00 0.01 .40 0.16 .41 0.16 .36 -0.05 .22 -0.28 .50 0.16 .47 0.14 0.00 0.33 .59 0.21 0.00 0.38 .79 0.12 .36 0.14 .39 -0.14 .25 0.41 .57 0.18 .26 0.29 0.00 0.04 .46 0.00 .33 -0.34 .27 0.9 -0.7 -0.5 0.1 -0.4 -1.0 -1.1 -0.3 -1.1 0.7 -2.7 -0.1 -0.6 0.5 0.1 -0.1 -0.2 0.8 0.0 -0.8 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.29 0.6 9.21 11.2 -4.1 21.8 0.10 151 - 250 20 0.45 0.9 12.59 16.3 -34.7 58.6 -0.01 251 - 350 54 0.76 1.0 15.03 20.7 -26.5 39.8 0.23 MORE THAN 350 44 0.81 1.0 14.07 22.9 -42.7 51.9 0.22 13 -0.6 0.4 0.0 0.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 0.28 0.6 8.99 2800 - 3799 55 0.44 0.9 9.27 3800 - 4799 58 0.89 1.0 19-56 4800 - 5799 12 1.03 1.2 9-02 12.2 15.2 24.2 11.8 -2.0 23-7 0.09 -35 -0.8 -27.1 49-6 0.21 .54 0.3 -42.1 45.6 0.17 -49 0.0 -12.4 33.6 0.14 -35 -0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.63 1.0 13-18 19-2 -27-6 45.5 0.17 -48 -0.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 129 CO FAILURES: 125 FAILURE RATE: 90.7% # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 16.6 10.0 41.54 30.39 31.18 57.65 -7.' 53. -17.23 11.71 1.10 24.65 39.31 7.31 34.22 57.21 20.79 44.94 -14.67 32.06 61.74 31.50 20.46 29-08 5.02 16.43 13.08 10.13 4.00 18.55 -21.78 0.68 9.30 9.77 -4.24 ¦15. 9. -39.52 13.28 6.89 33-23 26.08 IUI 41.38 19.68 31-38 12.02 32.08 20.94 16.41 9.81 11.29 5.54 7.36 -10.67 18.07 12.01 17.24 2.01 0.19 ¦20.07 5.10 -2.94 -3.64 1.33 -2.55 -9.19 -4.69 ±11 4.84 -11.96 -0.59 -6.56 4.4 0.3 -0.92 -1.67 3.57 0.14 -3.97 0.62 20.9 9.2 56.0 38.6 36.4 73.7 -6.3 91.5 -8.1 8.4 -?7-3 41.8 88.7 37.7 18.7 35.8 2U 14.3 21.7 4.6 22.5 210.8 1200.0 181.6 869.2 1913.4 303.1 1592.7 -179.6 75.9 61.1 564.8 448.6 496.6 582.3 1003-1 712.3 795.8 192-9 1188.0 528.5 26.1 -13.6 0.6 6.7 6.7 -1.6 -13.6 7.0 5.2 14.0 10.2 18.2 5.1 6.5 -6.5 18.9 1 Si 1 2.0 0.2 -16.3 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 12.07 23-22 5.81 -3-15 14.5 151 - 250 20 20.45 27.90 -O.58 2.43 20.7 251 - 350 54 29.74 29.03 13.43 0.20 35.8 MORE THAN 350 44 33-52 25.93 10.86 1.94 32.6 461.6 573.6 709.9 568.0 5.0 -0.5 11.0 8.7 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 11.72 22.52 5.43 2800 - 3799 55 19.79 24.15 10.47 ":800 - 4799 58 33-79 30.94 9.89 800 - 5799 12 38.91 18.69 7.72 3 -3.61 1.84 0.35 -0.43 13.7 21.7 35.5 50.8 446.1 458.3 781.2 446.5 iS:J 6.6 7.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 25.99 26.88 9.27 -0.05 28.6 597.2 7.6 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 150 CO FAILURES: 150 FAILURE RATE: 100.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.68 0.7 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.58 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.08 0.9 CHEVROLET 30 1.94 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.77 0.6 DODGE 7 1.7b 0.7 FIAT 1 1-53 0.0 FORD 35 1.47 0.5 HONDA 1 2.79 0.0 JEEP 3 1.83 0.4 LINCOLN 2 1.31 0.0 MERCURY 7 1.72 0.7 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.51 0.6 PLYMOUTH 6 1.88 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.29 0.7 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.05 0.3 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.03 1.0 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.3 MPG MEAN 34.19 18.5 505.8 82.4 17.73 0.0 311.5 0.0 37.60 16.1 578.9 92.3 54.14 33.9 765.2 76. 40.39 23.9 546.3 124. 47-38 20.2 639.6 66.9 23-91 11.0 335.9 78.4 43-71 21.3 573.2 79.1 17.52 0.0 408.6 0.0 29.17 11.9 654.7 157.6 17.09 0.0 316.6 0.0 23.49 7.7 671.6 35.7 30.20 6.9 868.1 19.6 49.62 34.7 687.9 77.1 27.60 11.9 590.5 76.2 11.1 555.6 102.6 14.1 587.5 99.4 0.0 348.7 0.0 30.47 6.4 402.7 41.2 26.55 12.9 366.6 25.9 41.31 8.2 436.3 40.7 38:8 !8:i 36.02 1.75 .27 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 \3l 1.34 V 65 17 2.09 1.50 0.94 0.00 ¦:?! 1.68 .54 1.95 0.00 2.96 .91 2.07 .19 1.04 1.72 1.72 .72 1.85 .83 1.57 .97 1.40 0.00 2.09 .68 0.96 .69 2.02 .41 15.9 25.6 14.2 10.4 15.0 12.4 24.3 14.0 20.1 13-3 25.2 12.5 9.7 11.7 14.1 14.8 13-5- 21.5 19.6 21.5 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.06 151 - 250 20 1.77 251 - 350 54 1.76 MORE THAN 350 44 1.58 0.8 0.8 0. 0. 29-8 32.5 36.48 39-35 13.0 17.2 21.3 20.5 373.5 491.2 588.3 735.1 56.3 1.61 64.2 1.73 58.0 1.48 100.7 1.85 .61 ¦V .62 .79 21.2 16.4 13.8 11.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 2.03 0.9 30.34 - 3799 - 4799 55 58 1.77 1.72 0.7 °-Z 29.05 43.08 - 5799 12 1.60 0.8 37-82 1^.4 20 '.I 23.2 357.2 539.1 ^•7 88.3 108.5 82.0 1.55 .66 1.78 .62 1.53 .71 1.82 .59 21.9 15.4 12.5 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.78 0.7 35-39 19.2 572.6 150.3 1.65 .67 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 150 CO FAILURES: 150 FAILURE RATE: 100.0$ # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 0.36 0.4 0.25 0.0 1.19 0.7 0.91 1.1 0.87 0.9 2.44 0.7 -0.13 0.4 2.05 1.2 -0.22 0.0 0.21 0.5 -0.36 0.0 0.87 0.3 2.11 0.79 0.43 2.7 1.3 0.7 0.77 0.9 0.28 0.9 0.51 0.0 -0.75 5.BO 25.09 4.27 20.77 63-35 6.2 6 0.31 0.48 0.09 0.7 0.4 0.5 96 2.16 1.26 11.69 10.65 10.41 15.09 21.58 !?:$? 4.16 16.77 10.94 11.3 0.0 16.3 11.2 20.2 9.9 9.7 19.9 0.0 7.4 0.0 8.2 1.1 23-1 9.6 18.1 22.9 0.0 6.1 1W -27.5 0-3 -31.8 -21.6 -23.6 -38.6 1.4 -46.5 35.1 -45.7 41.3 -14.9 36.9 -57.9 -22.7 -33.6 -7.8 -42.3 -9.5 0.3 -21.3 38.2 0.0 18.0 IW 44.1 46.8 45.6 0.0 59.5 0.0 33-6 6?: 23.3 24.0 32.1 0.0 15.6 13.4 9.7 0.54 -0.37 0.01 .63 0.00 .40 0.16 0.19 -0.05 .41 • 38 .22 -0.28 0.16 0.14 :3? 0.00 0.32 0.21 0.38 .60 0.00 .79 0.12 0.14 -0.44 • 36 :3i 0.41 -0.07 0.29 .57 .79 0.00 0.04 0.12 -0.34 .46 .44 .27 0.9 -0.7 -0.3 0.1 -0.3 -1.0 -1.1 -0.3 -1.1 0.6 -2.7 -0.1 -0.6 0.5 -0.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.8 0.0 -1.3 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.33 I 0.6 9.79 10.9 -3-7 22.2 0.11 151 - 250 20 0.45 : 0.9 12.59 16.3 -34.7 58.6 -0.01 251 - 350 54 0.77 1.0 15.29 20.6 -26.3 41.4 0.25 MORE THAN 350 44 0.83 1.0 14.90 22.8 -44.2 51.3 0.14 ¦M -J»3 .78 tl 0.0 0.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 O.32 0.6 2800 - 3799 55 0.45 0.9 3800 - 4799 58 0.91 1.0 4800 - 5799 12 1.04 1.2 9-56 9-33 20.15 10.45 12 12.0 15.3 23.3 -1.1 -26.3 -43.1 -17.2 24.1 0.11 50.5 0.22 45.4 0.14 35.5 0.01 .37 .55 .55 .85 -' 0.9 0.3 0.0 0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.65 0.9 13-64 19.1 -27-9 46.0 0.15 .55 -0.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE HC FAILURES: 150 CO FAILURES: 150 FAILURE RATE: 100.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •vehicle'make AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 17.73 10.08 42.82 30._ 31.0 57.65 -17.23 12.51 -14.67 32.06 61.74 31.50 22.31 29.08 10.96 -2.23 24.65 40.02 7.31 33.97 57.21 20.79 44.94 23.59 -21.78 0.99' 9-30 11.48 -4.24 -15.55 9.46 -39-52 13-28 13.08 19.03 4.00 6.90 6.89 33-23 26.08 17-33 35.35 41.38 26.46 16.43 31-38 17 15.91 9.81 11.29 5.54 7.36 -34.02 18.07 -4.4 :S 12.02 38.71 20.94 2.01 11.36 -20.07 5.28 -2.94 -2.33 1.33 -2.37 -9.19 -4.69 1:8 4.56 -11.96 -0.59 -6.56 4.47 -0.09 16.6 9.2 49.0 38.6 35.2 73.7 -6.3 91.5 -8.1 8.5 41.8 -34.1 210.8 1035.9 181.6 836.6 1913.4 1592.7 -179 87. 61. 564.8 -0.92 -2.89 3.57 0.14 -6.55 0.62 88. 8: 11 ? 5.8 1.6 24.8 14.3 2U 24.7 -13.0 0.6 64 -1.6 303.1 -13.6 7.0 5.2 448.6 496.6 653.4 1003.1 720.9 795.8 192.9 810.3 528.5 12.8 10.2 18.2 5.1 6.5 ¦18.9 18.9 -2.7 14.1 2.0 5.9 -16.3 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 13-89 20 20.45 54 30.25 44 34.59 24.67 6.47 27.90 -0.58 29.53 14.46 27.47 7.07 -3.52 15.2 2.43 20.7 0.08 32.9 1.91 31.9 448.3 5.1 573.6 -0.5 651.7 10.7 570.9 5-4 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 13.61 23.96 6.89 -4.10 14.6 435.7 5.2 2800 - 3799 55 20.34 24.31 11.10 1.71 20.5 424.8 10.1 3800 - 4799 58 34.63 31.87 8.12 0.35 34.8 770.7 5.2 4800 - 5799 12 39.44 21.66 0.66 -0.22 44.6 447-9 0.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 26.88 27.82 8.54 -0.21 27.6 575.9 6.5 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 10 CO FAILURES: 9 FAILURE RATE: 10.0$ # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 2.04 0.9 2.50 0.0 2.77 1.0 2.46 0.7 2.33 1.1 3.82 1.5 1.64 0.3 3.21 1.8 1.31 0.0 1.69 0.6 2.44 0.0 2.70 0.6 3.41 2.7 2.01 0. 1.69 0. 2.65 1.0 2.60 1.1 3.13 0.0 2.36 0.8 2.30 0.9 2.37 0.9 33.44 23.53 62.69 53.48 51.14 98.07 30.18 64.06 12.56 31.33 18.35 35.18 40.85 54.15 38.47 52.15 63.43 52.49 34.63 33.58 52.25 22.8 0.0 18.6 37.4 29.1 46.1 14.0 27.4 0.0 15.2 0.0 14.7 8.0 26.5 12.7 20.2 25.5 0.0 iW 12.8 478.3 311.7 547.0 753.2 534.4 612.8 337.3 550.8 443.8 609.0 358.1 656.7 905.0 650.5 570.8 522.1 584.6 306.4 393.3 370.6 415.0 96.8 0.0 82.2 54.0 122.2 32.1 44 85 0.0 129.2 0.0 46.2 16.4 80.9 77.6 95.4 96.9 0.0 41.9 27.1 30.9 2.29 .71 1.72 0.00 1.39 .32 1.51 .44 1.57 .64 1.26 .17 1.81 .38 1.58 .47 1.08 0.00 2.00 .71 2.16 0.00 3-33 1.31 2.20 .55 1.85 1.10 1.28 .27 2.25 1.26 1.45 .63 1.69 0.00 2.14 .34 1.17 .82 1.68 .14 16.8 24.9 13.9 10.5 14.9 11.5 23.2 13.7 19.0 13.9 22.5 12.4 9.1 12.1 14.2 14.7 13.1 22.3 19.6 20.7 17.6 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.28 0.9 151 - 250 20 2.08 1 .0 251 - 350 54 2.26 1.1 MORE THAN 350 44 2.26 1.2 6.23 45 51 3:5! 15.0 21.9 28.4 12 29.5 H?-8 30.6 1.69 34.6 65.0 1.73 569.8 59.5 1.71 695.5 92.1 1.96 .7 • 91 20.7 16.6 13.8 11.5 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2800 - 3799 55 3800 - 4799 58 4800 - 5799 12 2.21 0.9 2.08 0.9 2.37 1.2 2.46 1.4 35.49 15.1 357.5 48.6 1.62 .58 21.4 36.31 21.3 519.3 92.5 2.01 .83 15.6 56.68 29.3 616.9 84.8 1.63 .71 12.6 46.63 25.8 770.5 90.0 1.77 .63 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 2.24 1.1 44.87 26.0 550.2 138.0 1.78 .75 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 10 CO FAILURES: 9 FAILURE RATE: 10.0$ # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 AUDI 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 BUICK 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 CADILLAC 4 0.53 1.1 4.94 9.? -9.5 19.1 0.18 .36 0.0 CHEVROLET 30 0.48 0-9 10.02 20.4 -11.7 34.2 0.07 .22 -0.2 CHRYSLER 4 0.41 0.8 12.66 25.3 -11.9 23.8 0.01 .01 -0.2 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 DODGE 7 0.60 1.1 15.34 27-3 -24.2 45.9 0.07 . 14 -0.1 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 MERCURY 7 0.50 1.3 5.88 15.6 -20.5 54.2 -0.00 .00 0.2 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.25 0.7 4.22 11.9 -2.9 8.3 -0.00 .00 -0.1 PLYMOUTH 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 '0.00 0.00 0.0 PONTIAC 7 -0.03 0.1 3.03 8.0 -4.8 12.8 0.05 .14 0.0 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.20 0.5 9-75 21.8 -3-7 8.2 -0.09 .21 -0.6 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.12 0.5 3-45 10.3 -1.1 7-3 0.03 .18 -0.2 151 - 250 20 0.14 0.6 1.63 7-3 -8.1 36.4 -0.02 .08 0.2 251 - 350 54 0.29 0.8 6.35 17.1 -7.8 24.4 0.03 .12 -0.1 MORE THAN 350 44 0.15 0.6 3-13 12.8 -4.7 19-9 0.03 -12 -0.0 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2800 - 3799 55 3800 - 4799 58 4800 - 5799 12 ALL VEHICLES 150 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 E-36 0.15 0.14 0.26 0.18 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.19 0.6 4.41 2.07 6.54 1.65 11-5 -1.4 8-3 0.04 .20 -0.3 8.8 -6-5 29.6 -0.00 .05 0.1 18.2 -6.8 21.2 0.03 .12 -0.1 5.7 -3.2 11.0 0.06 .21 0.0 13.5 -5.5 22.7 0.02 .13 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 10 CO FAILURES: 9 FAILURE RATE: 10.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 AUDI 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 BUICK 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CADILLAC 4 17.63 8.45 10.68 0.01 CHEVROLET 30 17.23 16.39 4.55 -1.19 CHRYSLER 4 9-67 11.43 0.58 -1.67 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 DODGE 7 15.67 19.32 4.33 -0.39 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FORD 35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 JEEP 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MERCURY 7 19.94 9.80 -0.09 1 .28 OLDSMOBILE b 12.65 9.89 -0.06 -0.79 PLYMOUTH 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 PONTIAC 7 -1.14 4.56 3.58 0.04 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 VOLKSWAGON 5 8.13 22.50 -8.57 -2.77 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 49.7 44.0 34.3 0.0 49.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55.7 28.1 0.0 -3.2 0.0 0.0 20.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 465.6 909.2 1061 .2 0.0 1270.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54.1 54.0 0.0 337.0 0.0 0.0 989.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.0 6.8 0.6 0.0 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 0.0 6.0 0.0 0.0 -9.4 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 4.89 6.32 11.42 6.10 8.68 3-62 12.26 5.76 1.75 ¦1.07 1.77 1.30 ¦1.12 0.98 ¦0.56 -0.13 13.4 18.5 31-3 18.4 394.9 214.8 683.4 391.2 .1:5 3-3 3.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 6.37 2800 - 3799 55 6.37 3800 - 4799 58 9.93 4800 - 5799 12 6.65 11.05 5.40 10.35 3.41 2.32 ¦0.24 2.04 3.28 •1.39 0.46 ¦0.76 0.00 16.2 18.1 28.7 21.7 476.8 266.1 718.7 203.1 4.2 -0.6 1:1 ALL VEHICLES 150 7.88 8.48 1.25 -0.40 22.4 485.3 2.6 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 21 CO FAILURES: 21 FAILURE RATE: 20.0? * OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.89 0.8 AUDI 1 2.50 0.0 BUICK 6 2.77 1.0 CADILLAC 4 2.46 0.7 CHEVROLET 30 2.21 1.0 CHRYSLER 4 3.06 2.0 DATSUN 5 1.64 0.3 DODGE 7 2.97 1.7 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.62 0.5 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 JEEP 3 2.70 0.6 LINCOLN 2 3.41 2.7 MERCURY 7 2.01 0.7 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.69 0.6 PLYMOUTH 6 2.44 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.23 0.6 PORSCHE 1 3.13 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.36 0.8 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.30 0.9 VOLVO 2 2.37 0.9 30.55 23.53 62.69 53.48 48.76 80.79 30.18 60.69 12.56 30.57 18.35 35.18 40.85 54.15 38.47 41.59 50.53 52.49 34.63 33.58 52.25 18.8 0.0 18.6 37.4 29.0 58.4 14.0 30.2 0.0 15.1 0.0 14.7 8.0 26.5 12.7 15.0 9.8 0.0 4.7 14.4 12.8 477.9 97.2 311.7 0.0 547.0 82.2 753.2 54.0 540.5 119.7 ,4 64.8 630. 337.3 556.2 443.8 611.0 358.1 656.7 905.0 650.5 570.8 528.6 586.2 306.4 393.3 370.6 415.0 44.3 73.7 0.0 130.7 0.0 46.2 16.4 80.9 77.6 84.9 94.2 0.0 41.9 27.1 30.9 2.24 .77 1.72 0.00 1.39 .32 1.51 .44 1.54 .66 1.31 .13 1.81 .38 1.67 .57 1-08 0.00 1.99 .71 2.16 0.00 3-33 1-31 2.20 .55 1.85 1.10 1.28 .27 2.20 1.30 1.36 .52 1.69 0.00 2.14 .34 1.17 .82 1.66 .14 17.0 24.9 13-9 10.5 14.8 11.7 23.2 13-8 19.0 14.0 22.5 12.4 9.1 12.1 14.2 15.0 13.5 22.3 19.6 20.7 17.6 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 20 5! 2.19 1.87 2.21 2.12 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.1 35.02 14.3 371.3 50.3 37-50 18.4 471.4 62.4 44.65 28.3 571.6 57.6 47.25 27.0 699.0 91-3 1.67 .57 20.8 1.71 •53 16.8 1.70 .78 13.8 1.95 .91 11.5 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 2.17 0.9 55 1.96 0.8 58 2.21 1.1 12 2.46 1.4 34.58 33.84 53.03 46.63 13.9 19.6 28.1 25.8 358.3 521.7 621.3 770.5 48.6 1.61 •58 21.4 90.4 2.00 .85 15.6 84.4 1.62 .71 12.6 90.0 1.77 .63 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 2.13 1.0 42.41 24.6 552.9 137.9 1.77 -76 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 21 CO FAILURES: 21 FAILURE RATE: 20.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS AUDI BUICK CADILLAC CHEVROLET CHRYSLER DATSUN DODGE FIAT FORD HONDA JEEP LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH PONTIAC PORSCHE TOYOTA VOLKSWAGON VOLVO 9 0.15 0.3 2.90 6.7 0.4 1.1 0.05 .16 -0.2 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 4 0.53 1.1 4.94 9.9 -9.5 19.1 0.18 .36 0.0 30 0.61 0.9 12.40 20.5 -17.7 37.1 0.10 .23 -0.1 4 1.17 1 .5 29.95 35.4 -29.5 35.3 -0.02 .07 -0.4 5 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 7 0.84 1.1 18.71 26.6 -29.6 44.8 -0.02 • 31 -0.1 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 35 0.06 0.3 0.76 3.2 -2.0 12.2 0.01 .08 -0.0 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 3 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 7 0.50 1.3 5.88 15.6 -20.5 54.2 -0.00 .00 0.2 8 0.25 0.7 4.22 11.9 -2.9 8.3 -0.00 .00 -0.1 6 0.21 0.8 10.56 21.8 -6.6 11.5 0.05 .16 -0.3 7 0.34 0.7 15.93 21.6 -6.5 30.6 0.14 .26 -0.3 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 5 0.20 0.5 9.75 21.8 -3-7 8.2 -0.09 .21 -0.6 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.20 0.6 4.65 11.0 -1.6 8.0 ~ IIS i? °'3? °*§ 7'63 n'5 -15-0 38.7 251 - 350 54 0.34 0.8 7.12 17.4 -P.7 26.3 MORE THAN 350 44 0.28 0.7 7-00 18.3 -8.2 26.4 0.06 .20 -0.3 0.00 .23 0.1 0.03 •13 -0.1 0.03 .16 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 0.19 0.5 5.32 2800 - 3799 55 0.25 0.7 4.54 3800 - 4799 58 0.41 0.8 10.19 4800 - 5799 12 0.18 0.6 1.65 12.1 -2.2 9.0 0.05 .21 -0.3 11.8 -8.9 30.9 0.01 .15 0.0 21.1 -11.2 27.4 0.04 .15 -0.1 5.7 -3.2 11.0 0.06 .21 0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.30 0.7 6.62 16.0 -8.2 25.8 0.03 .17 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 21 CO FAILURES: 21 FAILURE RATE: 20.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 7.25 8.67 2.14 -1.18 14.5 AUDI 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 BUICK 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 CADILLAC 4 17.63 8.45 10.68 0.01 49.7 CHEVROLET 30 21.56 20.27 6.35 -0.95 43.7 CHRYSLER 4 27.64 27.05 -1.73 -3.16 74.6 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 DODGE 7 22.07 23.56 -1.34 -0.57 59.1 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 3.83 2.43 0.55 -0.09 8.4 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 MERCURY 7 19.94 9.80 -0.09 1.28 55.7 OLDSMOBILE 8 12.65 9.89 -0.06 -0.79 28.1 PLYMOUTH 6 8.10 20.25 2.34 -2.05 17.0 PONTIAC 7 13.10 23.97 9.09 -2.47 22.1 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 8.13 22.50 -8.57 -2.11 20.7 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 284.6 0.0 0.0 465.6 893.0 1909.7 0.0 1315.6 0.0 98.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 54.1 34.0 834.1 1046.2 0.0 0.0 989.9 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 17.0 0.0 -1.6 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 4.2 9.0 0.0 0.0 -9.4 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 8.47 11.72 3-24 -1.44 151 - 250 20 15.90 16.91 0.14 0.30 251 - 350 S4 13.46 13.74 2.00 -0.50 MORE THAN 350 44 11.79 12.90 1.74 -0.57 21.0 28.1 33.5 29.4 481.5 608.3 694.3 723.9 5.8 0.2 3-4 3.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 800 - 4799 800 - 5799 25 55 58 12 7.91 11.37 15.73 6.65 13 • 35 11.83 16.12 3.41 3.20 0.56 2-65 3.28 -1.56 0.05 -1.00 0.00 18.9 25.6 36.7 21.7 540.6 460.5 905.0 203.1 5.4 1.1 n ALL VEHICLES 150 12.22 13.51 1.93 -0.67 29.0 645.7 3-4 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. §0011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 32 CO FAILURES: 31 FAILURE RATE: 30.0% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.79 0.7 AUDI 1 2.50 0.0 BUICK 6 2.22 0.8 CADILLAC 4 2.46 0.7 CHEVROLET 30 2.06 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.64 0.3 DODGE 7 2.83 1.8 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.62 0.5 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 JEEP 3 2.31 0.5 LINCOLN 2 3.41 2.7 MERCURY 7 2.01 0.7 OLDSMOBILE B 1.69 0.8 PLYMOUTH 6 2.44 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.38 0.7 PORSCHE 1 3.13 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.36 0.8 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.25 0.8 VOLVO 2 2.37 0.9 32.67 23.53 48.51 53.48 44.10 47.38 30.18 56.79 12.56 30.40 18.35 29-52 40.85 54.15 38.47 41.59 52.21 52.49 34.63 29.43 52.25 18.3 0.0 21.3 37.4 25.1 20.2 14.0 34.0 0.0 15.1 0.0 8.6 8.0 26.5 12.7 15.0 11.5 0.0 itf 12.8 481.4 96.1 311.7 0.0 553.3 87.5 753-2 54.0 545.2 121.3 639.6 66.9 337.3 44.3 562.1 73-2 443.8 0.0 611.7 129.9 358.1 0.0 653-4 40.5 905.0 16.4 650.5 80.9 570.8 77.6 528.6 585.2 94 306.4 0.0 84;2 2.00 .40 1.72 0.00 1.45 .51 1.51 .44 1.51 .67 1.34 .17 1.81 .38 1.66 .57 1.08 0.00 1-99 -71 2.16 0.00 2.91 1.10 2.20 .55 1.85 1.10 1.28 .27 2.20 1.30 1.32 .56 1.69 0.00 393-3 41.9 371.2 28.0 415.0 30.9 2.14 1.08 1.68 16.7 24.9 14.3 10.5 14.9 12.4 23.2 13.8 19-0 13.9 22.5 12.6 9.1 12.1 14.2 15.0 13.4 22.3 19.6 20.9 17.6 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 2.18 1.80 2.09 1.96 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.9 34.19 14.2 ?5-32 41.81 43.36 17.9 26.0 19.0 372.2 51.5 1.66 .55 20.8 472.0 62.5 1.74 .55 16.9 575.3 56.2 1.61 .67 13.8 700.5 90.6 1.95 .91 11.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 55 58 12 2.17 1.90 2.05 2.29 0-9 0.8 0.9 1.2 34.58 13.9 32.24 19.3 48.32 21.9 43.51 22.7 358.3 48.6 523.4 89.2 624.4 83.4 772.7 87.1 1.61 1-93 1.61 1.75 .58 21.4 .76 15.7 .72 12.7 .65 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 2.03 0.9 39.75 21.0 554.9 138.0 1.74 .72 15.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 32 CO FAILURES: 31 FAILURE RATE: 30.0% # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.25 0.4 0.77 10.0 -3.1 10.6 0.28 .70 0.0 AUDI 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 BUICK 6 0.55 0.9 14. 18 22.2 -6.3 11.0 -0.06 .26 -0.4 CADILLAC 4 0.53 1.1 4.94 9.9 -9-5 19.1 0.18 • 36 0.0 CHEVROLET 30 0.75 0.9 17.06 20.7 -22.5 37.2 0.14 .24 -0.2 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63-35 9.9 -38.6 44.1 -0.05 .22 -1.0 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 DODGE 7 0.98 1.1 22.61 25.3 -35.4 42.9 -0.01 .32 -0.1 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.07 0.3 0.93 3.3 -2.7 12.7 0.01 .08 0.0 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.39 0.7 5.66 9.8 3-3 5.7 0.42 • 73 -0.2 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 MERCURY 7 0.50 1.3 5.88 15.6 -20.5 54.2 -0.00 .00 0.2 OLDSMOBILE b 0.25 0.7 4.22 11.9 -2.9 8.3 -0.00 .00 -0.1 PLYMOUTH 6 0.21 0.8 10.56 21.8 -6.6 11.5 0.05 .16 -0.3 PONTIAC 7 0.19 0.9 14.25 23.4 -5.5 30.9 0.18 .26 -0.3 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.25 0.4 13.90 21.5 -4.3 7.9 0.00 .33 -0.8 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.21 0.6 5.49 11.3 -2.5 8.9 0.07 .21 -0.3 151 - 250 20 0.42 0.8 10.01 16.9 -15.5 38.5 -0.03 .27 -0.1 251 - 350 £4 0.46 0.8 9-95 19-1 -13-3 27.8 0.12 .35 -0.1 MORE THAN 350 44 0.45 0.9 10.89 22.5 -9-b 28.1 0.04 .17 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 0.19 0-5 5.32 12.1 -2.2 9-0 0.05 .21 -0.3 2800 - 3799 55 0.32 0.8 6.14 14.2 -10.6 31.4 0.08 .38 -0.0 3800 - 4799 58 0.58 0.9 14.90 23-7 -14.3 29-3 0.06 .17 -0.2 4800 - 5799 12 0.35 0.8 4.77 11-8 -5.4 12.9 0.08 .21 -0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.40 0.8 9-28 18.5 -10.2 27.0 0.07 .27 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 32 CO FAILURES: 31 FAILURE RATE: 30.0* # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 12.38 2.31 12.41 0.17 AUDI 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 BUICK 6 20.02 22.62 -4.12 -3.13 CADILLAC 4 17.63 8.45 10.68 0.01 CHEVROLET 30 26.78 27.89 8.40 -1.36 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 -4.24 -9.19 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 DODGE 7 25.63 28.48 -0.56 -0.69 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FORD 35 3.89 2.97 0.39 0.01 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 JEEP 3 14.35 16.10 12.56 -1.59 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MERCURY 7 19.94 9.80 -0.09 1.28 OLDSMOBILE B 12.65 9.89 -O.Ob -0.79 PLYMOUTH 6 8.10 20.25 2.34 -2.05 PONTIAC 7 7.51 21.45 11.93 -2.16 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 VOLKSWAGON 5 10.13 32.08 0.19 -3.97 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.3 0.0 46.8 49.7 44.9 71.2 0.0 59-6 0.0 7.9 0.0 32.7 0.0 55.7 28.1 17.0 11.1 0.0 0.0 19.8 0.0 65.1 0.0 1196.3 465.6 1015.8 1849.2 0.0 1381.7 0.0 112.4 0.0 477.9 0.0 654.1 484.0 834.1 820.7 0.0 0.0 1081.7 0.0 24.0 0.0 -4.8 '1:1 -1.6 0.0 -0.6 0.0 0.9 0.0 35.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 4.2 10.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 8.85 151 - 250 20 18.73 251 - 350 54 18.r MORE THAN 350 44 18.5 13.83 22.19 19-23 20.07 3.90 -1.51 7-9? 1.84 -1.55 -0.31 -0.53 -1.22 19.7 31.3 35.7 38.2 509.9 753.0 767.1 930.7 6.3 -1.9 9.5 3.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 58 12 7.91 14.31 21.96 13.18 13.35 3.20 -1.56 18.9 540.6 5.4 15.99 3.78 -0.08 26.7 517.3 6.4 23-57 3.56 -1.63 41.1 106.1.1 4.2 9.87 4.29 -0.44 37.2 509.8 8.4 ALL VEHICLES 150 16.38 18.93 3.65 -0.95 32.7 762.7 5.4 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 49 CO FAILURES: 49 FAILURE RATE: 40.0% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.76 0.7 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 2.22 0.8 CADILLAC 4 2.48 0.7 CHEVROLET 30 1.97 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.64 0-3 DODGE 7 2.48 1 .8 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.64 0.5 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 JEEP 3 2.05 0.1 LINCOLN 2 3.41 2.7 MERCURY 7 1.84 0.6 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.56 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 2.13 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.24 0.7 PORSCHE 1 3.13 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.36 0.8 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.25 0.8 VOLVO 2 2.51 0.7 32.85 17.73 48.51 52.24 41.74 47.38 28.2? 48.78 12.56 30.15 18.35 24.23 40.85 49.43 34.59 37.01 49.42 52.49 34.63 29.43 48.39 18.3 0.0 21.3 35.7 23-2 20.2 14.4 28.4 0.0 14.3 0.0 6.9 8.0 26.1 12.2 10.9 10.7 0.0 4.7 11.4 18.2 488.6 96.7 311.5 0.0 553-3 87.5 753-7 53.6 547.1 121.2 639.6 66.9 335.7 46.6 574.7 79.0 443.6 0.0 609.2 130.6 358.1 0.0 671.1 36.6 905.0 16.4 658.5 80. 574.5 77. 541.4 586.7 306.4 89.8 94.9 0.0 393.3 41.9 371.2 28.0 429.0 50.8 1.93 .27 2.09 0.00 1.45 .51 1.48 .39 1.46 .62 1.34 .17 1.79 .35 1.53 .65 1.08 0.00 2.00 .70 2.16 0.00 2.87 1.04 2.20 .55 1.73 .92 1.57 .78 2.09 1.36 1.57 .98 1.69 0.00 2.14 .34 1.08 .63 1.95 .51 16.5 25.6 14.3 10.5 14.9 12.4 23.6 13.8 19.0 14.0 22.5 12.4 9.1 12.1 14.2 14.9 13.5 22.3 19.6 20.9 17.3 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 2.19 0.8 33.^6 1.84 0.7 34.68 1.93 O.Q 38.52 1.91 0.8 41.56 14.4 372.8 53-3 16.9 467.6 54.5 23.3 582.1 55.0 18.3 702.0 89-7 1.68 .57 20.8 1.75 .54 17.0 1.54 .62 13.8 2.02 • 92 11.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2800 - 3799 55 3800 - 4799 58 4800 - 5799 12 1.84 0.7 30.58 1.93 0.9 45.63 2.27 1.2 41.27 14.4 357.9 49.1 17.7 526.9 91.0 19.7 627.6 81.5 22.8 773.0 86.8 1.62 .59 21.5 1.90 .72 15.6 1.60 .75 12.7 1.94 .76 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.96 0.9 37.82 19-5 557.4 138.4 1.74 .73 15.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 49 CO FAILURES: 49 FAILURE RATE: 40.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.28 0.4 0.60 10.0 -10.3 23.1 0.36 .71 0.2 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 5.80 0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.37 0.00 -0.7 BUICK 6 0.55 0.9 14.18 22.2 -6.3 11.0 -0.06 .26 -0.4 CADILLAC 4 0.51 1.1 6.17 9.3 -10.0 18.7 0.21 • 35 -0.0 CHEVROLET 30 0.84 0.9 19.42 21.0 -24.4 37.5 0.18 .27 -0.2 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63.35 9.9 -38.6 44.1 -0.05 .22 -1.0 DATSUN 5 -0.00 0.0 1.95 4.4 1.7 3.7 0.02 .04 -0.4 DODGE 7 1.33 1.1 30.62 25.9 -48.0 43.7 0.12 .48 -0.1 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.05 0.3 1.18 3.6 -0.2 19.8 0.00 .09 -0.1 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.65 0.6 10.95 9.5 -14.4 33.9 0.46 .69 -0.0 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 MERCURY 7 0.68 1.3 10.60 18.2 -28.5 54.8 0.12 .32 0.2 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.38 0.7 8.11 13.0 -6.6 11.8 -0.28 .86 -0.1 PLYMOUTH 6 0.52 1.0 15.14 22.0 -19.3 30.1 0.17 .30 -0.2 PONTIAC 7 0.33 0.9 17.04 22.6 -7.0 30.9 -0.07 • 79 -0.3 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.25 0.4 13-90 21.5 -4.3 7.9 0.00 • 33 -0.8 VOLVO 2 -0.14 0.2 3.86 5.5 -14.1 19.9 -0.26 • 37 0.3 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.21 0.6 6.21 151 - 250 20 O.38 0.9 10.46 251 - 350 54 0.62 0.9 13.25 MORE THAN 350 44 0.50 0.9 12.69 11.2 16. 20. 22.5 -3-1 -11.2 -20.1 -11.2 10.2 0.04 44.8 -0.03 31.7 0.20 28.9 -0.04 ,25 ,27 ,39 .50 ¦0.4 -0.1 -0.0 -0.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 0.20 0. 55 0.38 0. 58 0.69 0. 12 0.37 0. 5.95 7.80 17.59 7.00 12.0 -1.8 9.3 0.04 .23 -0.4 14.8 -14.1 36.7 0.11 .42 0.0 24.3 -17.4 31.0 0.07 • 34 -0.2 12.5 -5.7 12.8 -0.11 .75 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.47 0.8 11.21 19-1 -12.7 30.3 0.06 .40 -0.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 49 CO FAILURES: 49 FAILURE RATE: 40.0$ # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 13.93 1.79 15. 6Z AUDI 1 10.08 24.65 -21. 78 BUICK 6 20.02 22.62 -4. 12 CADILLAC 4 17.12 10.57 12. 28 CHEVROLET 30 29-84 31.76 11. 20 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 -4. 24 DATSUN 5 -0.05 6.47 0. 98 DODGE 7 34.96 38.56 7. 54 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 0. 00 FORD 35 2.83 3.78 0. 15 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 0. 00 JEEP 3 23.97 31.12 13- 88 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.00 0. 00 MERCURY 7 26.92 17.65 6. 49 OLDSMOBILE b 19-36 18.99 -22. 11 PLYMOUTH 6 19.60 29.03 7. 48 PONTIAC 7 12.87 25.64 -4. 87 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.00 0. 00 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.00 0. 00 VOLKSWAGON 5 10.13 32.08 0. 19 VOLVO 2 -6.02 7.38 -15. 67 1.45 -2.94 -3.13 -0.14 -1 .65 -9.19 -1.62 -0.83 0.00 -0.37 0.00 -0.37 0.00 1.29 -1.06 -1.39 -2.62 0.00 0.00 -3.97 1.59 20.2 8.8 46.8 32.4 45.8 71.2 -0.1 71.9 0.0 5.5 0.0 38.4 0.0 60.7 30.1 34.3 16.2 0.0 0.0 19.8 -9-9 42.5 202.3 1196.3 391.7 1060.2 1849.2 198.3 1654.3 0.0 135.9 0.0 649.7 0.0 IS:3 998.3 836.0 0.0 0.0 1081.7 268.7 25.5 -13-0 -4.8 13.1 10.1 -1.6 1.8 6.7 0.0 0.3 0.0 27.5 0.0 10.8 -22.1 11.1 -3.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 -18.4 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 20 V, 8.80 lU2i 20.82 15.66 23.17 25.59 23.39 2.43 -2.00 11.30 -1.82 -1.87 -0.86 -0.29 -1.42 17.0 502.0 3.4 27.4 744.4 -2.4 40.8 865-5 12.8 37.6 952.1 -2.7 ~INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2800 - 3799 55 3800 - 4799 58 4800 - 5799 12 i?:3i 26.42 13.90 14.91 20.31 27.82 14.50 2.51 5.27 4.27 -6.13 -2.05 0.11 -1.85 -0.91 17.3 27.6 44.1 29.8 525.3 573.6 1119.1 568.2 3- l'.5 -9.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 19.25 22.87 3.57 -1.09 33.6 804.6 4.6 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 61 CO FAILURES: 61 FAILURE RATE: 50.0$ # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 1.76 2.25 1.87 0.7 0.0 0.9 32.85 17.73 41.50 2.49 1.97 1.79 0.7 0.9 0.9 53.55 41.32 47.38 1.64 1.76 1.31 0.3 0.7 0.0 28.23 43.71 12.56 1.60 2.44 2.05 0.4 0.0 0.1 29.67 18.35 24.23 3.41 1.82 1.51 2.7 0.6 0.7 40.85 46.98 32.47 1-97 2.23 2.62 1.0 0.7 0.0 34.01 47.70 36.02 2.23 2.25 2.27 u 0.3 33.12 29.43 41.31 18.3 0.0 22.1 34.8 23.2 20.2 14.4 21.3 0.0 13.8 0.0 6.9 8.0 28.2 12.5 12.6 13.8 0.0 3.0 11.4 8.2 488.6 96.7 311.5 0.0 563.4 87.8 752.5 53.1 547.4 120.7 639.6 66.9 335.7 Sl:i 46.6 79-1 0.0 613.9 133.6 358.1 0.0 671.1 36.6 905.0 16.4 664.2 79.8 573.1 76.8 548.2 97.5 584.8 94.8 348.7 0.0 394.8 43.7 371.2 28.0 436.3 40.7 1.93 .27 2.09 0.00 1.44 .46 1.46 .38 1.46 .62 1.34 .17 1.79 .35 1.50 .64 1.08 0.00 1.94 .67 2.16 0.00 2.87 1.04 2.20 .55 1.78 1.03 1.55 .78 1.85 1.57 1.40 .81 .97 0.00 2.11 .36 1.08 .63 2.02 .41 16.5 25.6 14.4 10.5 15.0 12.4 23.6 14.0 19.0 13.9 22.5 12.4 9.1 12.1 14.3 14.9 13.6 21.5 19.7 20.9 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 20 8 2-J3 1.81 1.82 1.83 0.8 0.8 U 31.83 33.99 37.32 39.86 12.8 17.2 22.3 18.4 111:1 582.4 707.2 52.3 54.0 1.67 1.77 1.53 1.95 .57 .52 .62 .85 20.9 17.0 13.8 11.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 2.11 0.8 55 1.80 0.7 58 1.81 0.6 12 2.22 1.2 32.43 29.5' 43.7 41.30 13.4 17.1 19.1 22.7 360.3 530.0 628.4 778.3 48.2 92.5 81.8 90.6 1.60 1.86 1.59 1.87 59 21.5 62 15.6 77 12.8 74 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.89 0.8 36.45 18.9 559-6 139-0 1.71 .69 15-1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 61 CO FAILURES: 61 FAILURE RATE: 50.0% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 0.28 0.4 0.25 0.0 0.90 0.8 0.49 0.84 2.44 0.00 O.JO 1.1 0.9 0.7 -0.00 0.0 2.05 1.2 0.00 0.0 0.08 0.4 0.00 0.0 0.65 0.6 0.0 1.3 3 0.7 0.68 1.0 0.35 0.9 0.51 0.0 0.12 0.3 0.25 0.4 0.09 0.5 0.60 5.80 21.18 4.86 19.84 63.35 1.95 35.68 0.00 1.66 0.00 10.95 0.00 13.05 10.23 18.14 18.76 16.47 1.51 13.90 10.94 10.0 0.0 19.8 10.8 20.8 9.9 4.4 19.9 0.0 4.0 0.0 9.5 0.0 17. 12. 20.7 21.5 0.0 3.7 21.5 4.6 -10.3 0.3 -16.3 -8.8 -24.7 -38.6 1.7 -46.5 0.0 -4.9 0.0 -14.4 0.0 -34.2 -5.3 -26.1 -5.0 -42.3 -1.6 -4.3 -21.3 23.1 0.0 16.3 19.8 .3 .1 11 45.6 0.0 27.8 0.0 33.9 0.0 53.4 13.2 29.4 31.8 0.0 3.8 7.9 9.7 0.36 .71 -0.37 0.00 ¦0.04 .37 0.23 .33 0.19 .27 -0.05 .22 0.02 .04 0.16 .47 0.00 0.00 0.06 .26 0.00 0.00 0.46 .69 0.00 0.00 0.07 .37 ¦0.26 .87 0.40 .57 ¦0.07 .79 0.29 0.00 0.03 .06 0.00 .33 -0.34 .27 0.2 -0.7 -0.5 -0.0 -0.3 -1.0 -0.4 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.0 0.0 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.8 -0.0 -0.8 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.26 0.6 7.84 11.1 -5.4 12.3 0.06 .26 151 - 250 20 0.41 0.9 11.14 16.5 -12.1 44.7 -0.05 .28 251 - 350 54 0.73 1.0 14.45 20.4 -20.5 32.1 0.21 .39 MORE THAN 350 44 0.58 0.9 14.39 22.1 -16.3 33.0 0.04 .59 -0.4 -0.2 -0.1 -0.1 *INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 0.24 0.5 - 3799 55 0.42 0.8 - 4799 58 0.82 1.0 - 5799 12 0.42 0.8 '.47 1.85 19.49 6.97 12.0 14.8 23.6 12.7 -4.2 12.3 -17.2 -18.2 38. 31.1 -11.0 22.1 - 0.07 0.14 0.08 0.04 •23 .48 .35 .79 -0.4 0.0 -0.3 -0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.55 0.9 12.58 18.9 -14.9 31.6 0.09 .43 -0.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 61 CO FAILURES: 61 FAILURE RATE: 50.0* •VEHICLE MAKE # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX AMER. MOTORS AUDI BUICK CADILLAC CHEVROLET CHRYSLER DATSUN DODGE FIAT FORD HONDA JEEP LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH PONTIAC PORSCHE TOYOTA VOLKSWAGON VOLVO 9 1 6 4 3S 5 7 1 35 1 3 6 7 1 6 5 2 13-93 10.08 32.50 16.57 29.79 57.65 -0.05 53.86 0.00 4.80 0.00 23.97 0.00 27.71 22.36 25.62 13.44 16.43 5.19 10.13 4.00 1.79 24.65 33.79 8.32 32.44 57.21 6.47 44.94 0.00 5.31 0.00 31.12 0.00 21.74 23-95 34.79 28.23 31.38 4.36 32.08 20.94 15.6 -21.7 -3.18 13. 11. -4.24 0.98 9.46 0.00 2.99 0.00 13-88 0.00 3.82 -20.38 17.74 -4.51 17.24 1.23 0.19 -20.07 1.45 -2.94 -3.51 -0.04 -1.82 -9.19 -1.62 -2.39 0.00 0.06 0.00 -0.37 0.00 1.55 -1.73 -1.18 -3.38 3-57 -0.22 -3.97 0.62 20.2 8.8 50.0 23.6 43.6 71.2 -0.1 87.0 0.0 8.5 0.0 38.4 0.0 51.4 28.4 38.4 14.8 23.5 42.5 202.3 1176.6 232.3 1031.8 1849.2 198.3 1515.0 0.0 173-8 0.0 649.7 0.0 964.7 668.7 1027.0 801.7 754.0 161.4 1081.7 500.7 25.5 -13.0 -2.5 10.8 9.8 -1.6 1.8 6.6 0.0 6.2 0.0 27.5 0.0 5.2 -17.1 22.6 -2.9 13.3 2.8 0.2 -15.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 20 a 10.99 18.65 28.74 24.03 19.77 24.69 27.91 26.52 3.23 -3.04 11.94 2.03 -1 .94 -0.92 -0.56 -1.14 18.0 27.3 44.8 36.0 536.0 IM 89b.2 3.8 -3.4 12.7 2.5 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 10.38 18.72 3-93 -2.08 18.0 2800 - 3799 55 18.98 23.05 7. 18 0.24 28.4 3800 - 4799 58 31.16 30.82 4.81 -2.25 46.4 4800 - 5799 12 15-90 14.44 -2.32 -0.37 27.5 548.7 597-5 1105.4 455.9 4.8 U -2.8 ALL VEHICLES 150 22.41 25.66 5.07 -1.15 34.6 799.4 5.8 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 78 CO FAILURES: 78 FAILURE RATE: 60.7$ # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 1.76 0.7 2.25 0.0 1.62 0.5 2.49 0.7 1.97 0.9 1.79 0.9 1.71 0.4 1.76 0.7 1.31 0.0 1.58 2.44 2.05 0.5 0.0 0.1 3.31 2.8 1.82 0.6 1.49 0.7 1.87 1.1 2.29 0.7 2.62 0.0 1.89 0.4 2.15 0.9 2.27 0.3 32.85 47.38 26.89 43.71 12.56 29.06 18.35 24.23 35.14 46.98 31.21 31.08 48.88 36.02 29.43 27.68 41.31 18.3 0.0 16.5 34.8 23.1 20.2 13.1 21.3 0.0 12.1 0.0 6.9 0.1 28.2 12.9 10.6 14.1 0.0 5.2 12.5 8.2 488.6 96.7 311.5 0.0 568.6 89.4 752.5 53.1 547.5 120.8 639.6 66.9 349.9 74.8 573.2 79.1 443.8 0.0 620.9 129.5 358.1 0.0 671.1 36.6 885.4 44.1 664.2 79.8 577.4 73-7 553.6 102.0 587.5 99.4 348.7 0.0 402.2 38.8 371.2 27.9 436.3 40.7 1.93 .27 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 1.46 .38 1.46 .62 1.34 .17 1.99 .45 1.50 .64 1.08 0.00 1.86 .68 2.16 0.00 2.87 1.04 2.26 .46 1.78 1.03 1.61 .78 1.82 .83 1.57 .97 1.40 0.00 1.92 .44 1.07 .64 2.02 .41 16.5 25.6 14.4 10.5 15.0 12.4 23.1 14.0 19.0 13.8 22.5 12.4 9-3 12.1 14.3 14.9 13.5 21.5 19.7 21.1 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.04 0.8 30.39 33.14 12.9 377.2 52.6 1.60 .52 151 - 250 20 1.77 0.8 16.9 479.6 59-3 1.79 .56 251 - 350 1.80 °-I 36.72 21 A 585.1 55.9 1.51 .62 MORE THAN 350 44 1.82 0.8 39.39 18.5 707.5 85.6 1.95 .85 13.! 11. ( ~INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 38OO - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 2.00 0.8 30.81 55 1.79 0.7 29.19 58 1.78 0.6 42.95 12 2.20 1.2 40.35 18.9 22.7 362.5 48.9 1.54 535.6 92.0 1.84 630.5 81.1 1.59 775.0 86.7 1.88 .56 21.6 ,63 15.5 .11 12.8 .74 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.85 0.8 35.67 18.5 562.6 137.6 1.70 .69 15.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC . 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 78 CO FAILURES: 78 FAILURE RATE: 60.756 # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.28 0.4 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.15 0.7 CADILLAC 4 0.49 1.1 CHEVROLET 30 0.84 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 DATSUN 5 -0.07 0.2 DODGE 7 2.05 1.2 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.10 0.4 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.65 0.6 LINCOLN 2 0.11 0.2 MERCURY 7 0.70 1-3 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.45 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 0.78 0.9 PONTIAC 7 0.28 0.9 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.47 0.4 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.36 0.4 VOLVO 2 0.09 0.5 0.60 5.80 24.64 4.86 20.03 63-35 3-?2 35.68 0.00 2.28 0.00 10.95 5.71 13-05 11.49 21.0 17.5 16.47 5.20 15.65 10.94 10.0 0.0 17.0 10.8 20.6 9.9 4.6 19.9 0.0 5.7 0.0 9.5 8.1 17.7 12.2 18.8 22.9 0.0 4.3 20.4 4.6 -10.3 0.3 -21.6 -8.8 -24.8 -38.6 -12.6 -46.5 0.0 -11.9 0.0 -14.4 -12 23.1 0.0 15.0 19.8 a .6 34.2 -9.5 -31.6 -7.8 -42.3 -8.9 -4.2 -21.3 III 0.0 38.8 0.0 33.9 27.7 53 - 4 16.4 26.5 32.1 0.0 14.3 8.0 9.7 0.36 -0.37 0.01 .71 0.00 .40 0.2 -0.7 -0.5 0.23 0.18 -0.05 •33 .28 .22 -0.0 -0.3 -1.0 -0.18 0.16 0.00 .44 .47 0.00 0.1 -0.3 0.0 0.14 0.00 0.46 • 31 0.00 .69 0.1 0.0 -0.0 1 1 OOO LOOO CTs .09 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 0.43 -0.07 0.29 .54 .79 0.00 -0.2 -0.4 0.8 0.22 0.01 -0.34 .21 • 33 .27 -0.1 -1.0 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 20 11 0.35 0.45 0.75 0.59 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.9 9.29 12.00 15.04 14.86 10.5 16.2 20.5 22.0 -7.5 -23.1 -23.2 -16.6 13.4 0.13 • 30 55.1 -0.08 -V 32.8 0.22 .41 33-9 0.04 .59 -0.4 0.1 -0.0 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2800 - 3799 55 3800 - 4799 58 4800 - 5799 12 0.36 0.42 0.85 0.44 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.8 9.09 9.19 20.28 7.92 11.4 14.9 23.3 12.5 -6.4 -22.8 -20.3 -7.7 13.8 43.2 26.4 0.13 0.17 0.08 -0.05 .26 .52 ¦ 36 .79 -0.5 0.2 -0.3 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.58 0.9 13-36 18.7 -17-9 34.3 0.11 .46 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 78 CO FAILURES: 78 FAILURE RATE: 60.7% # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 13.93 1-79 AUDI 1 10.08 24.65 BUICK 6 41.54 39-31 CADILLAC 4 16.57 8.32 CHEVROLET 30 29.83 32.75 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 DATSUN 5 -4.24 10.91 DODGE 7 53.86 44.94 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 FORD 35 6.20 7-26 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 JEEP 3 23-97 31.12 LINCOLN 2 3-14 13.98 MERCURY 7 27-71 21.74 OLDSMOBILE 8 23-19 26.91 PLYMOUTH 6 29-33 40.40 PONTIAC 7 10.96 26.46 PORSCHE 1 16.43 31-38 TOYOTA 6 19-74 15.02 VOLKSWAGON 5 14.38 36.12 VOLVO 2 4.00 20.94 15.6 -21.7 0.88 13-37 11.22 -4.24 -9.71 9.46 0.00 6.91 0.00 13.88 -2.96 3.82 -25.46 19.18 -4.43 17.24 10.12 0.70 -20.07 1.45 -2.94 -3.64 -0.04 -1.83 -9.19 0.24 -2.39 0.00 1.03 0.00 -0.37 -3.19 1.55 -1-31 -1.12 -2.89 3.57 -0.28 -4.80 0.62 20.2 8.8 53-1 23-6 42.1 71.2 -5.4 87.0 0.0 8.8 0.0 38.4 6.2 51.4 26.2 38.6 11.0 23.5 26.2 22.7 4.3 42.5 202.3 1136.4 232.3 1004.0 1849-2 256.3 1515.0 0.0 192.0 0.0 649.7 328.1 964.7 669-1 1044.8 688.5 754.0 293- 987- 500.7 25.5 -13-0 0.6 10.8 VI -1 1:1 0.0 11.6 0.0 27.5 -3.7 5.2 -19.0 21.4 -2.6 13-3 12.2 0.5 -15.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 14.81 23.42 7.40 -2.09 20.2 527-6 7-2 151 - 250 20 20-31 26.59 -4.39 0.70 27.1 721.0 -4.5 251 - 350 54 29.52 29-06 12.79 -0.32 41.6 831.5 12.3 MORE THAN 350 44 24.36 27-39 2.12 -1.15 34.1 863-2 2.4 •INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 15.29 22.78 I-?5 -2.29 21.4 - 3799 55 19.13 23-93 6.49 1.06 26.1 - 4799 58 32-35 32.07 4.70 -2.14 44.3 - 5799 12 16.58 16.41 -2.91 -0.83 25.7 540.3 7.5 564.7 10.5 1058.4 4.1 464.7 -3.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 23-81 27.24 6.06 -0.87 33.0 761.5 6.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. §0011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 98 CO FAILURES: 98 FAILURE RATE: 70.1% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.79 0.7 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.58 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.49 0.7 CHEVROLET 30 1.99 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.-79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.78 0.6 DODGE 7 1.76 0.7 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.56 0.5 HONDA 1 2.79 0.0 JEEP 3 2.05 0.1 LINCOLN 2 3-31 2.8 MERCURY 7 1.74 0.7 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.48 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 1.88 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.29 0.7 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 1.89 0.4 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.15 0.9 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.3 33.89 17.73 37.60 53.55 41.31 47.38 21.89 43.71 12.56 28.74 17.09 24.23 35.14 49.16 27.98 30.' 48.1 36.02 29.43 27.68 41.31 19-5 0.0 16.1 34.8 23.2 20.2 11.3 21.3 0.0 12.3 0.0 6.9 0.1 5.2 12.5 8.2 499.2 87.3 311.5 0.0 578.9 92.3 752.5 53.1 547.0 121.2 639.6 66.9 35.3 694.2 11.6 590.1 11.1 555.6 14.1 587.5 0.0 348.7 1.91 .27 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 1.46 .38 1.48 .68 1.34 .17 335.4 78.6 573.2 79.1 443.8 0.0 2.13 1.50 1.08 0.00 624.3 135.0 316.8 0.0 671.1 36.6 44.1 71.0 76.8 102.6 99.4 0.0 402.2 38.8 371.2 27.9 436.3 40.7 1.80 .61 1.95 0.00 2.87 1.04 2.26 .46 1.77 1.02 1.70 .72 1.85 .83 1.57 .97 1.40 0.00 1.92 .44 1.07 .64 2.02 .41 16.1 25.6 14.2 10.5 15.0 12.4 24.5 14.0 19.0 13.8 25.2 12.4 9.3 11.6 14.1 14.8 13.5 21.5 19-7 21.1 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 20 5J 2.06 1'Z5 1.81 1.80 0.8 0.8 0 0 29.57 32.93 I.O .9 36.39 21.7 39.60 20.4 HU 586.4 714.7 55.7 1.61 62.2 1.78 55.9 1.52 88.1 1.92 •53 .56 .62 .82 21.2 16.4 13-8 11.5 •INERTIA WEIGHT ~ Vnll 25 2-°2 0-8 29.76 13.7 358.0 51.7 1.56 .57 22.0 2800 - 3799 55 1.78 0.7 28.94 16.5 538.5 90.3 1.83 .63 15.4 3§00 - 4799 58 1.78 0.6 43.26 20.5 637.0 86.8 1.57 .74 12.7 qSx ~ 58 1,78 0,6 43-26 20-5 637-0 86.8 1.57 .74 12.7 800 - 5799 12 2.15 1.3 38.97 22.7 77^.8 81.0 1.91 .70 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.85 0.8 35.41 19.3 565-7 141.1 1.69 .68 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 98 CO FAILURES: 98 FAILURE RATE: 70.7% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS AUDI BUICK CADILLAC CHEVROLET CHRYSLER DATSUN DODGE FIAT FORD HONDA JEEP LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH PONTIAC PORSCHE TOYOTA VOLKSWAGON VOLVO 9 0.25 0.4 1 0.25 0.0 6 1.19 0.7 4 0.49 1.1 30 O.83 0.9 4 2.44 0.7 5 -0.14 0.4 7 2.05 1.2 1 0.00 0.0 35 0.13 0.4 1 —0.36 0.0 3 0.65 0.6 2 0.11 0.2 I til 1.3 0.7 6 0.77 0.9 7 0.28 0.9 1 0.51 0.0 6 0.47 0.4 5 0.36 0.4 2 0.09 0.5 -0.45 5.80 25.09 4.86 19-85 63-35 8.29 35.68 0.00 2.59 1.26 10.95 5-Z1 10.86 14.72 21.58 111? 5.20 15.65 10.94 10.6 0.0 16.3 10.8 20.8 9-9 5.7 19.9 0.0 5.8 0.0 9.5 8.1 22.8 10.1 18.1 22.9 0.0 4.3 20.4 4.6 -20.9 0.3 -31.8 -8.8 -24.3 -38.6 1.9 -46.5 0.0 -15-3 41.3 -14.4 19.6 -64.2 -22.3 -33.6 -7.8 -42.3 -8.9 -4.2 -21.3 36.0 0.0 18.0 1 2-8 8.0 4.1 46.8 45.6 0.0 46.2 0.0 33.9 27.7 54.5 23-7 24.0 32.1 0.0 14.3 8.0 9.7 0.38 -0.37 0.01 0.23 0.16 -0.05 -0.32 0.16 0.20 0.21 0.46 -0.06 0.09 -0.41 0.41 -0.07 0.22 0.01 -0.34 O jrOS OOO 1 1 OOO CO—3^3 .33 .32 .22 -0.0 -0.3 -1.0 .46 .47 0.00 -1.3 -0.3 0.0 .44 0.00 • 69 0.2 -2.7 -0.0 'J 4 -0.3 0.7 -0.0 .57 .79 0.00 -0. 1 -0.4 0.8 .21 • 33 .27 -0.1 -1.0 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 O.33 0.6 10.11 10.2 -4.0 19.8 0.11 .33 -0.7 151 - 250 20 0.47 0.9 12.21 16.4 -32-9 58.8 -0.06 .37 0.4 251 - 350 54 0.74 1.0 15.37 20.3 -24.4 34.4 0.22 .41 -0.0 44 0.61 0.9 14.65 22.7 -23-9 41.3 0.06 .68 -0.0 MORE THAN 350 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 O.33 0.6 10.14 11.1 -1.9 21.3 0.10 .30 -0.9 2800 - 3799 55 0.44 0.8 9.44 15.0 -25.7 45.8 0.18 .52 0.2 3800 - 4799 58 0.84 1.0 19.97 23-8 -26.6 37-6 0.10 .46 -0.2 4800 - 5799 12 0.49 0.8 9-30 12.5 -11.5 28.3 -0.08 .80 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.58 0.9 13.62 18.9 -21.0 39-0 0.11 .49 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 98 CO FAILURES: 98 FAILURE RATE: 70.7% t OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN 2 MERCURY 7 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 12.4 10.0 42.82 16.57 29.39 57.65 -8.44 53.86 0.00 7.45 -14.67 23.97 3.14 30.55 23-91 29.08 10.96 16.43 19.74 14. 38 4.00 -1.34 24.65 40.02 8.32 32.46 57.21 27.47 44.94 0.00 8.28 6.89 31-12 13-98 18.10 34.47 41.38 26.46 31-38 15.02 36.12 20.94 16.58 -21.78 0.99 13.37 J:?S -17.74 9.46 0.00 9-99 9.81 13.88 -2.96 4.67 -32.27 18.07 -4.4 17.2 10.12 0.70 -20.07 3-98 -2.94 -2.33 -0.04 -1.88 -9.19 -5.80 -2.39 0.00 1.20 -11.96 -0.37 -3.19 5.42 -0.07 -0.92 -2.89 3-57 -0.28 -4.80 0.62 16.2 8.8 46.8 23.6 39.0 71 .2 -7.3 87.0 0.0 9.3 -16 38 6.2 38.4 21.2 34.0 11.0 23.5 26.2 22.7 4.3 -28.4 202.3 988.9 232.3 iHU 439.8 1515.0 0.0 191.7 57.9 649.7 328.1 544.3 673-2 952.2 688.5 754.0 293.5 987.4 500.7 24.1 -13.0 0.5 10.8 7.8 -1.6 -17.0 6.6 0.0 14.8 9.7 27.5 -18.9 18.0 -2.6 13.3 12.2 0.5 -15.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 13-90 25.49 . 6.47 -3-57 17.5 531.7 5.9 ~ IIS i? 2*-31* 27-04 -3-70 2.31 26.1 672.7 -3.5 251 - 350 54 29.15 29.70 12.59 -0.20 37.6 777.6 11.1 MORE THAN 350 44 25.24 27-00 3-21 -0-32 30.8 743.3 3.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 14.10 25.41 6.31 -4.13 17-8 544.4 5.6 2800 - 3799 55 19-76 24.60 8.84 1.55 25.6 552.7 10.4 3800 - 4799 58 32.05 31.58 5.72 -1.32 38.1 903.7 4.3 4800 - 5799 12 18.40 19.27 -4.56 -0.60 26.5 508.3 -4.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 23.86 27-77 6.25 -0.84 29.9 702.8 5.8 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 112 CO FAILURES: 111 FAILURE RATE: 80.7$ # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS AUDI BUICK CADILLAC CHEVROLET CHRYSLER DATSUN DODGE FIAT FORD HONDA JEEP LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH PONTIAC PORSCHE TOYOTA VOLKSWAGON VOLVO 9 1.79 0.7 33.89 1 2.25 0.0 17.73 6 1.58 0.5 37.60 4 2.49 0.7 53.55 30 1.99 0.9 41.31 4 1.79 0.9 47.38 5 1.77 0.6 23.91 7 1.76 0.7 43.71 1 1.31 0.0 12.56 35 1.51 0.5 29.07 1 2.79 0.0 17.09 3 2.05 0.1 24.23 2 3.31 2.8 35.14 7 1.74 0.7 49.16 8 1.48 0.7 27.98 6 1.88 1.1 30-57 7 2.29 0.7 48.88 1 2.62 0.0 36.02 6 2.05 0.3 30.47 5 2.15 0.9 27.68 2 2.27 0.3 41.31 19.5 0.0 16.1 34.8 23-2 20.2 11.0 21.3 0.0 12.1 0.0 6.9 0.1 35.3 11.6 11.1 14.1 0.0 6.4 1i*5 8.2 499.2 87.3 311.5 0.0 578.9 92.3 752.5 53.1 547.0 121.2 639.6 66.9 335.9 1.91 .27 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 1.46 .38 1.48 .68 1.34 .17 78.4 2 79.1 3.8 0.0 2.09 1.50 . _ . 1.08 0.00 :S 641.3 147.6 316.8 0.0 671.1 36.6 885.4 44.1 694.2 71.0 590.1 76.8 555.6 102.6 587.5 99.4 348.7 0.0 402.7 41.2 371.2 27.9 436.3 40.7 1.72 .53 1.95 0.00 2.87 1.04 2.26 .46 1.77 1.02 1.70 .72 1.85 .83 1.57 .97 1.40 0.00 2.09 .68 1.07 .64 2.02 .H1 16.1 25.6 14.2 10.5 15.0 12.4 24.3 14.0 19.0 13.5 25.2 12.4 9.3 11.6 14.1 14.8 13-5 21.5 19.6 21.1 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 20 5! 2.08 M5 1.61 1.75 0.8 30.03 12.9 0.8 32.97 17.0 490.9 0.7 36.51 21.6 586.7 55.7 0.8 39.73 20.3 726.4 94. 374.9 490.' 56, 63. 1.63 1.78 .58 21.1 .56 16.4 .62 13.8 .79 11.3 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2.05 0.8 2800 - 3799 55 1.79 0.7 38OO - 4799 58 1.75 0.6 5800 - 5799 12 2.15 1.3 30.36 29.07 43.35 38.97 13.6 16.4 20.4 22.7 359.5 539.4 645.8 778.8 53.9 90.3 1.0 1.82 1.54 1.91 .63 21.8 .63 15.4 .69 12.5 .70 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.84 0.8 35.60 19.2 569.7 145.7 1.68 .67 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 112 CO FAILURES: 111 FAILURE RATE: 80.7% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 0.25 0.4 0.25 0.0 1.19 0.7 0.49 1.1 0.83 0.9 2.44 0.7 -0.13 0.4 2.05 1.2 0.00 0.0 0.18 0.5 -0.36 0.0 0.65 0.6 0.11 8:K 0.2 1.3 0.7 0.77 I.2S 0.9 0.28 0.9 0.51 0.0 0.31 0.7 0.36 0.4 0.09 0.5 -0.45 5.80 25.09 4.86 19.85 63-35 6.2 35.6 0.00 2.26 1.26 10.95 5-Z1 10.86 14.72 21.58 17.58 16.47 4.16 15.65 10.94 10.6 0.0 16.3 10.8 20.8 9.9 9.7 19.9 0.0 6.9 0.0 9.5 8.1 22.8 10.1 18.1 22.9 0.0 6.1 20.4 4.6 -20.9 0.3 -31.8 -8.8 -24.3 -38.6 1.4 -46.5 0.0 -32.2 41.3 -14.4 19.6 -64.2 -22.3 -33.6 -7.8 -42.3 -21.3 36.0 0.0 18.0 2-8 8.0 4.1 46.8 45.6 0.0 50.8 0.0 33.9 27.7 54.5 23.7 24.0 32.1 0.0 1 5-6 8.0 9-7 0.38 -0.37 0.01 0.23 0.16 -0.05 ¦0.28 0.16 0.28 0.21 0.46 -0.06 0.09 -0.41 0.41 -0.07 0.04 0.01 -0.34 000 t—C>-=3" • • • O t-t-rn • • • OOO 1 1 • 33 • 32 .22 -0.0 -0.3 -1.0 .50 .47 0.00 -1.1 -0.3 0.0 .56 0.00 • 69 0.4 -2.7 -0.0 *°S 'J4 -0.3 0.7 -0.0 .57 .79 0.00 -0.1 -0.4 0.8 .46 • 33 .27 0.0 -1.0 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 0. 0 0.6 0.9 0.74 1.0 ). 66 0.9 9.64 12.17 15.25 14.52 10.9 16.5 20.4 22.9 -55:1 -24.7 -35.5 20.6 58.3 "4.9 3.6 0.10 .37 -0.06 .37 0.23 .41 0.11 .75 -0.6 0.4 -0.0 0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 55 58 12 0.31 0.43 0.88 0.49 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.8 9.54 9.31 19.87 9.30 11.9 15.1 24.1 12.5 -3.4 -26.5 -35.7 -11.5 22.4 46.0 39.2 28.3 0.09 • 35 -0.7 0.19 .52 0.3 0.13 .54 -0.0 0.08 .80 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.59 0.9 13.43 19.1 -25.0 40.4 0.13 .53 -0.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 112 CO FAILURES: 111 FAILURE RATE: 80.7% # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 12.47 -1.34 AUDI 1 10.08 24.65 BUICK 6 42.82 40.02 CADILLAC 4 16.57 8.32 CHEVROLET 30 29.39 32.46 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 DATSUN 5 -7-93 20.79 DODGE 7 53.86 44.94 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 FORD 35 10.70 7.22 HONDA 1 -14.67 6.89 JEEP 3 23.97 31.12 LINCOLN 2 3.14 13.98 MERCURY 7 30.55 18.10 OLDSMOBILE 8 23-91 34.47 PLYMOUTH 6 29-08 41 .38 PONTIAC 7 10.96 26.46 PORSCHE 1 16.43 31.38 TOYOTA 6 13.08 12.02 VOLKSWAGON 5 14.38 36.12 VOLVO 2 4.00 20.94 16.58 -21.78 0.99 13-37 9.96 -4.24 -15.55 9.46 0.00 14.12 9.81 13.88 -2.96 4.67 -32.27 18.07 -4.4 17.2 2.01 0.70 -20.07 3.98 -2.94 -2.33 -0.04 -1.88 -9-19 -4.69 -2.39 0.00 3-19 -11.96 -0.37 -3-19 5.42 -0.07 -0.92 -2.89 3.57 0.14 -4.80 0.62 16.2 8.8 46.8 23.6 39.0 71.2 o5*9 87.0 0.0 8.5 -16.3 38.4 6.2 38.4 21.2 34.0 11.0 23.5 13-6 22.7 4.3 -28.4 202-3 988.9 232.3 937-1 1849.2 287.1 1515.0 0.0 106.2 57.9 649.7 328. 544, 673- 952.2 688.5 754.0 183.1 987.4 500.7 24.1 -13.0 0.5 10.8 7.8 -1.6 -12.9 6.6 0.0 13.3 9.7 27.5 -1819 18.0 -2.6 13-3 1-9 0.5 -15.5 ~DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 20 55 13.06 21.18 28.87 27.24 24.30 li:26 6 77 5.60 -3-54 13.0" 5.5 -3-10 2.54 -0.11 1.07 15.0 24.9 36.1 26.9 461.5 643-9 747.0 595.1 4.6 -3.2 11.1 4.5 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 38OO - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 55 58 12 13-00 19-38 33.44 18.40 23.90 24.25 31-43 19-27 5-15 9.28 7.82 -4.56 -3.55 1.72 -0.35 -0.60 14.6 23.9 34.2 26.5 453.7 517.3 774.5 508.3 4.1 10.4 5.1 -4.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 24.14 27.39 7.00 -0.32 27-3 625.1 5.9 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 130 CO FAILURES: 130 FAILURE RATE: 90.7% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.70 0.7 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.58 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.49 0.7 CHEVROLET 30 1.93 1.0 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.77 0.6 DODGE 7 1.76 0.7 FIAT 1 1-31 0.0 FORD 35 1.49 0.5 HONDA 1 2.79 0.0 JEEP 3 2.05 0.1 LINCOLN 2 1.31 0.0 MERCURY 7 1.72 0.7 OLDSMOBILE 6 1.51 0.6 PLYMOUTH 6 1.88 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.29 0.7 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.05 0.3 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.01 1.1 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.3 33.08 17.73 37.60 53-55 40.4 47.3 23.91 43.71 12.56 29.51 17.09 24.23 30.20 49.62 27.60 & 36.02 30.47 26.53 41.31 19.8 0.0 16.1 34.8 23.7 20.2 11.0 21.3 0.0 11.5 0.0 6.9 6.9 34.7 11.9 11.1 14.1 0.0 6.4 12.9 8.2 505.8 81.8 311.5 0.0 578.9 92.3 752.5 53-1 121.0 >39.6 66.9 nu 335.9 81:1 78.4 79.1 0.0 654.4 158.1 316.8 0.0 671.1 36.6 868.1 19.6 687.9 77.1 590.5 76.2 555.6 102.6 587.5 99.4 348.7 0.0 402.7 41.2 370.4 28.2 436.3 40.7 1.86 .26 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 1.46 .38 1.47 .67 1.34 .17 2.09 .39 1.50 .64 1.08 0.00 1.67 .55 1.95 0.00 2.87 1.04 2.07 .19 1.72 1.04 1.72 .72 1.85 .83 1.57 .97 1.40 0.00 2.09 .68 0.95 .69 2.02 .41 15.9 25.6 14.2 10.5 15.0 12.4 24.3 14.0 19.0 13-3 25.2 12.4 9.7 11.7 14.1 14.8 13.5 21.5 19.6 21.3 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 2.06 0.8 1.78 0.8 1.79 0.7 1.61 0.7 29.86 n.O §2:8 li:l 39.19 20.7 374.8 491.5 590.^0 732.6 IU 7 .2 1.61 1.71 1.49 1.86 .61 .52 .62 21.1 16.4 13.7 .80 11.3 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2.02 0.9 2800-- 3799 55 1.79 0.7 3800 - 4799 58 1.72 0. 4800 - 5799 12 1.73 0. 30.14 13.7 29.26 16.1 43.08 20.6 37.23 23.7 m 31:1 653.3 10? 775.5 75. 1.55 .66 21.9 1.78 .63 15.3 .71 12.5 .68 10.6 i:fl ALL VEHICLES 150 1.79 0.7 35-38 19.2 572.8 148.8 1.65 .67 14.9 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 130 CO FAILURES: 130 FAILURE RATE: 90.7? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.34 AUDI 1 0.25 BUICK 6 1.19 CADILLAC 4 0.49 CHEVROLET 30 0.88 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 DATSUN 5 -0.13 DODGE 7 2.05 FIAT 1 0.00 FORD 35 0.20 HONDA 1 -0.36 JEEP 3 0.65 LINCOLN 2 2.11 MERCURY 7 0.79 QLDSMOBILE 8 0.43 PLYMOUTH 6 0.77 PONTIAC 7 0.28 PORSCHE 1 0.51 TOYOTA 6 0-31 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.49 VOLVO 2 0.09 • » • 000 O.37 5.80 25.09 10.9 0.0 16.3 1.1 0.9 0.7 4.86 20.69 63.35 10.8 20.2 9.9 0.4 1.2 0.0 6.27 35.68 0.00 9.7 19.9 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.6 1.82 1.26 10.95 7.4 0.0 9.5 2.7 1.3 0.7 10.65 10.41 15.09 1.1 23.1 9.6 0.9 0.9 0.0 21.58 }l$ 18.1 22.9 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.5 4.16 16.80 10.94 6.1 1W -27.5 0-3 -31.8 -8.8 -25.0 -38.6 1.4 -46.5 0.0 -45.3 41." ¦ 14. 36.9 -57.9 -22.7 -33.6 -7.8 -42.3 -9.5 -3.5 -21.3 37.2 0.0 18.0 19-8 31:! 46.8 45.6 0.0 59.8 0.0 33.9 61:1 23.3 24.0 32.1 0.0 0.42 .68 -0.37 0.00 0.01 .40 0.23 .33 0.17 .32 ¦0.05 .22 -0.28 .50 0.16 .47 0.00 0.00 0.33 .59 0.21 0.00 0.46 .69 0.12 0.14 -0.44 .36 :3i 1 5-6 8.6 9.7 0.41 .57 -0.07 .79 0.29 0.00 0.04 .46 0.14 .43 -0.34 .27 0.9 -0.7 -0.3 -0.0 -0.3 -1.0 -1.1 -0.3 0.0 0.6 -2.7 -0.0 -0.6 0.5 -0.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.8 0.0 -1.1 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 0.6 0.9 0.76 1.0 0.60 1.0 9.82 12.01 15.37 15.06 10.8 16.6 20.5 22.7 -5.1 -35.0 -28.0 -41.8 20.7 58.4 37.6 52.1 0.12 0.00 0.24 0.13 :1§ .41 .77 -0.7 0.5 0.0 0.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2800 - 3799 55 3800 - 4799 58 4800 - 5799 12 0.33 0.43 0.91 0.91 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.2 9.77 9.12 20.15 11.04 11.7 15.3 23.9 11.7 -3- -27. -43.1 -8.2 22.4 0.11 • 37 -0.8 47.5 0.22 .53 0.3 45.4 0.14 0.0 31.3 -0.04 . ^1 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.64 0.9 13.65 19-1 -28.1 44.5 0.15 .54 -0.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 130 CO FAILURES: 130 FAILURE RATE: 90.7$ # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 16.67 10.08 42.82 16.57 31.24 57.65 53lll 0.00 11.83 -14.67 23.97 61.74 31.50 22.31 29.08 10.96 16.43 1.10 24.65 40.02 8.32 33-83 57.21 20.79 44.94 0.00 5.82 6.89 31.12 26.08 17.33 35.35 41.38 26.46 31-38 13.08 12.02 38.77 20.94 1jj.69 00 18.55 ¦21.78 0.99 13.37 10.44 -4.24 -15.55 9. 46 0.00 16.59 9.81 13.88 5.54 7.36 -34.02 18.07 -4.43 17.24 2.01 12.48 -20.07 5.10 -2.94 -2.33 -0.04 -1.93 -9.19 -4.69 -2.39 0.00 4.59 -11.96 -0.37 -6.56 4.47 -0.09 -0.92 -2.89 3.57 0.14 -5.59 0.62 19.6 8.8 46.8 23.6 38.8 71.2 -5.9 87.0 0.0 8.0 -16.3 38.4 84.6 35.8 17.9 34.0 11.0 23.5 13.6 26.2 4.3 21.0 202.3 988.9 232.3 912.9 1849.2 287.1 1515.0 0.0 72.7 57.9 649.7 427.9 470.8 622.4 952.2 688.5 754.0 183.1 891.1 500.7 24.4 -13-0 0.5 10.8 7.6 -1.6 -12.9 6.6 0.0 13-2 9.7 27.5 4.9 6.2 -18.0 18.0 -2.6 13.3 1.9 7.2 -15.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 13-93 24.75 6.75 -3-23 15.6 459.8 5.4 151 - 250 20 19.82 26.62 0.24 2.68 20.6 562.7 0.2 251 - 350 54 29.79 29.68 13.94 0.35 34.0 687.7 10.8 MORE THAN 350 44 33-14 27-76 6.42 1.64 30.2 570.6 4.8 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 14.13 24.47 6.69 -3-70 15.4 451.7 5.1 IqSS " 3799 5£ 23>Z7 11.12 2.02 21.5 456.7 11.2 3800 - 4799 58 34.63 31.87 8.12 0.35 33-3 738.2 5.0 4800-5799 12 3^.60 22.87 -1.94 -1.31 42.8 517.0 -1.7 ALL VEHICLES 150 26.22 27.83 8.31 -0.05 27.5 588.5 6.5 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 150 CO FAILURES: 150 FAILURE RATE: 100.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.68 0.7 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.58 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.08 0.9 CHEVROLET 30 1.94 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.77 0.6 DODGE 7 1-76 0.7 FIAT 1 1-53 0.0 FORD 35 1.47 0.5 HONDA 1 2.79 0.0 JEEP 3 1.83 0.4 LINCOLN 2 1-31 0.0 MERCURY 7 1.72 0.7 OLDSMOBILE 6 1.51 0.6 PLYMOUTH 6 1.88 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.29 0.7 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.05 0.3 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.03 1.0 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.3 34.19 18.5 505.8 82.4 17.73 0.0 311.5 0.0 37.60 16.1 578.9 92.3 54.14 33.9 765.2 76.5 40.39 23.9 546.3 124.4 47.38 20.2 639-6 66.9 23.91 11.0 335.9 78.4 43.71 21.3 573-2 79.1 17.52 0.0 408.6 0.0 29.17 11.9 654.7 157.6 17.09 0.0 316.6 0.0 23.49 7.7 671.6 35.7 30.20 6.9 868.1 19.6 49.62 34.7 687.9 77.1 27.60 11.9 590.5 76.2 0.57 11.1 555.6 102.6 36 14.1 587.5 99.4 36.02 0.0 348.7 0.0 30.47 6.4 402.7 41.2 26.55 12.9 366.6 25.9 41.31 8.2 436.3 40.7 1.75 .27 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 1-53 1.46 1.34 31 65 17 2.09 1.50 0.94 0.00 ¦M 1.68 .54 1.95 0.00 2.96 .91 2.07 .19 1.72 1.04 1.72 .72 1.85 .83 1.57 .97 1.40 0.00 2.09 .68 0.96 .69 2.02 .41 15.9 25.6 14.2 10.4 15.0 12.4 24.3 14.0 20.1 13.3 25.2 12.5 9.7 11.7 14.1 14.8 13-5 21.5 19.6 21.5 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.06 0.8 29.89 13.0 373-5 56.3 1.61 .61 21.2 151 - 250 20 1.77 0.8 32.54 17.2 491.2 64.2 1.73 .51 16.4 251 - 350 54 I.76 0.7 36.48 21.3 588.3 58.0 1.48 .62 13-8 MORE THAN 350 44 1.58 0.6 39-35 20.5 735.1 100.7 1.85 -79 11.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2.03 0.9 30.34 13.4 357-2 51.7 1.55 .66 21 2800 - 3799 55 1.77 0.7 29.05 16.3 539-1 88.3 1.78 .62 15 25 2.03 0.9 30.34 55 1.77 0.7 29.05 58 1.72 °-Z 43.08 12 1.60 0.6 37.82 800 - 4799 58 1.72 0.7 43.08 20.6 653.3 108.5 1.53 -71 12.5 800 - 5799 12 1.60 0.6 37.82 23.2 784.5 82.0 1.82 .59 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.78 0.7 35-39 19.2 572.6 150.3 1-65 .67 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 150 CO FAILURES: 150 FAILURE RATE: 100.0$ # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN ~VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN 2 MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 0.36 0.25 1.19 0.91 0.87 2.44 -0.13 2.05 -0.22 0.21 -0.36 0.87 2.11 0.79 0.43 0.7 0.2 0.51 0.31 0.48 0.09 0.4 0.0 0.7 -0.75 5.80 25.09 11.3 0.0 16.3 -27.5 -3 ?:J 38.2 0.0 18.0 1.1 0.9 0.7 4.27 20.77 63-35 11.2 20.2 9.9 -21.6 -23.6 -38.6 IM 44.1 0.4 1.2 0.0 6.27 3:1? 9.7 19.9 0.0 1.4 -46.5 35.1 46.8 45.6 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.3 2.16 1.26 11.69 7.4 0.0 8.2 -45.7 41.3 -14.9 59.5 0.0 33-6 2.7 1.3 0.7 10.65 10.41 15.09 1.1 23.1 9.6 36.9 -57.9 -22.7 «3:i 23.3 0.9 0.9 0.0 21.58 17.58 16.47 18.1 22.9 0.0 -33.6 -7.8 -42.3 24.0 32.1 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.5 4.16 16.77 10.94 6.1 -9.5 0.3 -21.3 15.6 13.4 9.7 0.54 .63 -0.37 0.00 0.01 .40 0.16 .41 0.19 .38 -0.05 .22 -0.28 .50 0.16 .47 0.14 0.00 0.32 .60 0.21 0.00 0.38 .79 0.12 0.14 .39 -0.44 .83 .36 -i 3 - 0.41 .57 -0.07 .79 0.29 0.00 0.04 .46 0.12 .44 -0.34 .27 0.9 -0.7 -0.3 0.1 -0.3 -1.0 -1.1 -0.3 -1.1 0.6 -2.7 -0.1 0.6 0.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.8 0.0 -1.3 0.1 ~DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.33 0.6 9-79 10.9 -3.7 22.2 0.11 .39 -0.7 151 - 250 20 0.45 0.9 12.59 16.3 -34.7 58.6 -0.01 .46 0.4 251 - 350 54 0.77 1.0 15.29 20.6 -26.3 41.4 0.25 .43 0.0 MORE THAN 350 44 0.83 1.0 14.90 22.8 -44.2 51.3 0.14 .78 0.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 0.32 0.6 9.56 12.0 -1.1 24.1 0.11 .37 -0.9 2800 - 3799 55 0.45 0.9 9-33 15.3 -26.3 50.5 0.22 .55 0.3 800 - 4799 58 0.91 1.0 20.15 23.9 -43.1 45.4 0.14 .55 0.0 800 - 5799 12 1.04 1.2 10.45 12.4 -17.2 35.5 0.01 .85 -0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.65 0.9 13.64 19.1 -27.9 46.0 0.15 .55 -0.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE HIGH VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 150 CO FAILURES: 150 FAILURE RATE: 100.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 17.73 -2.23 23.59 5.28 15.7 -32.4 23-5 AUDI 1 10.08 24.65 -21.78 -2.94 8.8 202.3 -13.0 BUICK 6 42.82 40.02 0.99 -2.33 46.8 988.9 0.5 CADILLAC 4 30.39 7-31 9-30 1.33 36.8 173.1 6.4 CHEVROLET 30 31.04 33-97 11.48 -2.37 33-6 799.5 7.3 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 -4.24 -9.19 71.2 1&49.2 -1.6 DATSUN 5 -7.93 20.79 -15.55 -4.69 -5-9 287.1 -12.9 DODGE 7 53-86 44.94 9.46 -2.39 87.0 1515.0 6.6 FIAT 1 -17.23 -39.52 13-28 -6.04 -7.8 -172.5 5.0 FORD 35 12.51 6.90 15.91 4.56 8.1 83.4 12.3 HONDA 1 -14.67 6.89 9.81 -11.96 -16.3 57-9 9-7 JEEP 3 32.06 33-23 11.29 -0.59 39-6 535.1 17.2 LINCOLN 2 61.74 26.08 5.54 -6.56 84.6 427.9 4.9 MERCURY 7 31-50 17-33 7-36 4.47 35.8 470.8 6.2 OLDSMOBILE S 22.31 35.35 -34.02 -0.09. 17-9 622.4 -18.0 PLYMOUTH 6 29-08 41.38 18.07 -0.92 34.0 952.2 18.0 PONTIAC 7 10*. 96 26.46 -4.43 -2.89 11.0 688.5 -2.6 PORSCHE 1 16.43 31-38 17.24 3-57 23-5 754.0 13-3 TOYOTA 6 13-08 12.02 2.01 0.14 13.6 183-1 1.9 VOLKSWAGON 5 1Q.03 38.71 11-36 -6.55 21.8 767.7 5.6 VOLVO 2 4.00 20.94 -20.07 0.62 4.3 500.7 -15.5 *DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 13.89 24.67 151 - 250 20 20.45 27.90 251 - 350 ?? 30.25 29.53 MORE THAN 350 44 34.59 27.47 6.47 -3.52 14.5 425.9 4.8 -0.58 2.43 19.6 545.0 -0.4 14.46 0.08 31-4 621.2 10.2 7.07 1.91 30.6 546.8 5.2 ~INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 13.61 23.96 - 3799. 55 20.34 24.31 - 4799 58 3914^ 31.87 - 5799 12 21.66 6.89 -4.10 13.9 414.0 5.0 11.10 1.71 19.5 403.6 9.6 8.12 0.35 33-3 738.2 5.0 0.66 -0.22 42.5 426.9 0.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 26.88 27.82 8.54 -0.21 26.3 549.2 6.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES : 9 CO # OF HC VEH. MEAN s.: •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 2.00 0 AUDI 1 2.50 0 BUICK 6 2.77 1 CADILLAC 4 2.99 1 CHEVROLET 30 2.40 1 CHRYSLER 4 3.82 1 DATSUN 5 1.64 0 DODGE 7 3.42 1 FIAT 1 1.31 0 FORD 35 1.69 0 HONDA 1 2.44 0 JEEP 3 2.70 0 LINCOLN 2 3.41 2 MERCURY 7 2.01 0 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.69 0 PLYMOUTH 6 2.65 1 PONTIAC 7 2.60 1 PORSCHE 1 3.13 0 TOYOTA 6 2.36 0 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.25 0 VOLVO 2 2.37 0 CO C02 NOX MPG MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN .9 32.77 21.7 478.3 96.8 2.29 .71 16.8 ,0 23.53 0.0 311.7 0.0 1.72 0.00 24.9 ,0 62.69 18.6 547.0 82.2 1.39 -32 13-9 ,4 58.41 42.1 743.7 67-3 1-69 .45 10.5 ,1 54.02 32.5 534.8 121.2 1.59 .65 14.8 ,5 98.07 46.1 612.8 32.1 1.28 .17 11.5 .3 30.18 14.0 337.3 44.3 1.81 .38 23.2 .6 69.80 20.3 543.7 87.6 1.60 .48 13-7 ,0 12.56 0.0 443.6 0.0 1.08 0.00 19.0 .6 31.33 15.2 609.0 129.2 2.00 .71 13-9 .0 18.35 0.0 358.1 0.0 2.16 0.00 22.5 .6 35.18 14.7 656.7 46.2 3-33 1.31 12.4 40.85 8.0 905.0 16.4 2.20 .55 9-1 54.15 26.5 650.5 80.9 1.85 1.10 12.1 38.47 12.7 570.8 77.6 1.28 .27 14.2 .0 52.15 20.2 522.1 95.4 2.25 1.26 14.7 .1 63.43 25.5 584.6 96.9 1.45 .63 13.1 .0 52.49 0.0 306.4 0.0 1.69 0.00 22.3 8 34.63 4.7 393.3 41.9 2.14 .34 19.6 ,8 29.43 11.4 371.2 28.0 1.08 .63 20.9 ,9 52.25 12.8 415.0 30.9 1.68 .14 17-6 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.27 0.9 35-58 14.9 370.9 50.6 1.68 .56 20.7 151 - 250 20 2.06 1.0 43.20 21.6 464.6 65.1 1.74 .47 16.7 251 - 350 54 2.33 1.1 47.76 30.6 569.0 59.0 1.72 .78 13-8 MORE THAN 350 44 2.31 1.2 51.57 30.0 694.6 92.2 1.98 .90 11.5 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2.21 0.9 35.49 15.1 357.5 48.6 1.62 .58 21.4 2800 - 3799 55 2.09 0.9 36.55 21.3 518.5 92-3 2.01 .83 15.6 3800 - 4799 58 2.40 1.2 58.17 30.8 617.1 83.8 1.65 .72 12.5 4800 - 5799 12 2.64 1.5 48.27 28.3 767-3 93-2 1.83 .61 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 2.27 1.1 45-67 27.1 549.7 137-6 1-79 -75 15-0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 9 CO FAILURES: 9 FAILURE RATE: 10.0% # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.05 0.1 0.67 2.0 0.0 0.1 -0.00 .01 -0.0 AUDI * i 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 BUICK 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 CADILLAC 4 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 CHEVROLET 30 0.41 0-9 7.14 17.3 -12.1 34.4 0.05 .18 -0.1 CHRYSLER 4 0.41 0.8 12.66 25.3 -11.9 23.8 0.01 .01 -0.2 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 DODGE 7 0.39 1 .0 9.60 25.4 -17.0 45.1 0.06 .15 0.0 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 MERCURY 7 0.50 1.3 5.88 15.6 -20.5 54.2 -0.00 .00 0.2 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.25 0.7 4.22 11.9 -2.9 8.3 -0.00 .00 -0.1 PLYMOUTH 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 PONTIAC 7 -0.03 0.1 3.03 8.0 -4.8 12.8 0.05 .14 0.0 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.25 0.4 13-90 21.5 -4.3 7.9 0.00 .33 -0.8 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 "DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 0.12 0.5 4.09 0.16 0.6 1.94 0.22 0.7 4.01 0.10 0.5 2.68 10.7 -1.2 7.3 7.4 -8.1 36.4 13-9 -7.1 23.9 12.5 -3-8 19-2 0.04 •19 -0.3 -0.02 .08 0.1 0.02 .07 -0.0 0.01 .06 -0.0 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 0.15 0.5 4.41 11.5 -1.4 8.3 0.04 .20 -0.3 2800 - 3799 55 0.13 0.6 1.83 7.5 -5.6 29.0 0.00 .08 0.1 3800 - 4799 58 0.22 0.7 5.05 16.2 -7.0 21.4 0.02 .09 -0.0 4800 - 5799 12 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.16 0.6 3-36 12.1 -5.0 22.3 0.02 .11 -0.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 9 CO FAILURES: 9 FAILURE RATE: 10.0* # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS- MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 2.24 2.01 -0.11 -0.22 5.4 79.0 -0.3 AUDI 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 BUICK 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 CADILLAC 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 CHEVROLET 30 14.56 11.68 3.29 -0.48 37.8 660.1 5.0 CHRYSLER 4 9.67 11.43 0.58 -1.67 34.3 1061.2 0.6 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 DODGE 7 10.21 12.09 3-33 0.08 43.2 1067.8 6.1 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 FORD 35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 JEEP 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 MERCURY 7 19.94 9.80 -0.09 1.28 55.7 654.1 -0.2 OLDSMOBILE 8 12.65 9.89 -0.06 -0.79 28.1 484.0 -0.1 PLYMOUTH 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 PONTIAC 7 -1.14 4.56 3.58 0.04 -3-2 337.0 6.0 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 10.13 32.08 0.19 -3-97 19.8 1081.7 0.2 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 5.22 10.32 2.61 -1.31 13.6 445-3 4.9 151 -250 20 7.25 4.29 -1.13 0.88 19.3 231.8 -2.3 251 - 350 54 8.72 7.74 0.98 -0.08 25.3 456.3 1.9 MORE THAN 350 44 4.11 4.94 0.47 -0.14 12.9 350.0 T.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 6.37 11.05 2.32 -1.39 16.2 476.8 4.2 li H2 4'77 °*07 °- 33 16.0 230.4 0.2 3800 - 4799 58 8.45 7.99 1.39 -0.33 24.7 561.5 2.6 4800 - 5799 12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 6.47 6.85 0.88 -0.31 18.5 396.1 1.9 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 23 CO FAILURES: 21 FAILURE RATE: 20.0% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 2.00 0.9 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 2.77 1.0 CADILLAC 4 2.46 0.7 CHEVROLET 30 2.19 1.0 CHRYSLER 4 3-33 1.3 DATSUN 5 1.64 0-3 DODGE 7 3.21 1.8 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.6Q 0.6 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 JEEP 3 2.70 0.6 LINCOLN 2 3-41 2.7 MERCURY 7 2.01 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.69 0.8 PLYMOUTH' 6 2.44 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.23 0.6 PORSCHE 1 3-13 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.36 0.8 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.25 0.8 VOLVO 2 2.37 0.9 32.77 17.73 62.69 53.48 47.37 79.85 28.23 64.06 12.56 31.33 18.35 35.18 40.85 54.15 38.47 41.59 50.53 52.49 34.63 29.43 52.25 21.7 0.0 18.6 37.4 27.6 33.9 14.4 27.4 0.0 15.2 0.0 14.7 8.0 26.5 12.7 15.0 9.8 0.0 4.7 11.4 12.8 478.3 96.8 311.5 0.0 547.0 82.2 753.2 54.0 541.8 120.1 606.4 32.8 335.7 46.6 550.8 85.4 443.8 0.0 609.0 129.2 358.1 0.0 656.7 46.2 905.0 16.4 650.5 80.9 570.8 77.6 528.6 84.9 586.2 94.2 306.4 0.0 2.29 .71 2.09 0.00 1.39 .32 1.51 1.54 1.36 .44 .65 .20 1.79 -.35 1.58 .47 1.08 0.00 2.00 .71 2.16 0.00 3-33 1.31 2.20 .55 1.85 1.10 1.28 .27 2.20 1.30 1.36 .52 1.69 0.00 393-3 41.9 371.2 28.0 415.0 30.9 2.14 1.08 1.68 16.8 25.6 13.9 10.5 14.8 12.1 23.6 13.7 19.0 13.9 22.5 12.4 9.1 12.1 14.2 15.0 13.5' 22.3 19.6 20.9 17.6 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.24 0.9 34-38 14.4 371.2 151 - 250 20 2.00 1.0 39-68 19-6 469.7 251 - 350 54 2.20 1.0 43.88 27.3 572.3 MORE THAN 350 44 2.16 1.0 47.41 23.5 695.2 50.9 1.68 .57 20.8 64.2 1.70 .50 16.7 57.7 1.70 .78 13.8 92.0 1.96 .90 11.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2.16 0.9 33-95 14.4 357-9 49-1 1.62 .59 21.5 2800 - 3799 55 2.04 0.9 34.54 20.0 521.2 91.1 1-99 .84 15.6 3800 - 4799 58 2.23 1.0 52.44 25.0 619-1 81.9 1-63 -71 12-7 4800-5799 12 2.46 1.4 46.63 25.8 770-5 90.0 1-77 -63 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 2.17 1.0 42-33 23-3 551.8 137.2 1.77 -75 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 23 CO FAILURES: 21 FAILURE RATE: 20.058 # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.05 0.1 0.67 2.0 0.0 0.1 -0.00 .01 -0.0 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 . 5.80 0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.37 0.00 -0.7 BUICK 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 CADILLAC 4 0.53 1.1 4.94 9.9 -9.5 19-1 0.18 .36 0.0 CHEVROLET 30 0.63 0.9 13.79 21.0 -19.0 37.1 0.10 • 23 -0.2 CHRYSLER 4 0.90 1.1 - 30.89 36.8 -5.4 30.7 -0.07 .17 -0.7 DATSUN 5 -0.00 0.0 1.95 4.4 1.7 3.7 0.02 .04 -0.4 DODGE 7 0.60 1.1 15.34 27.3 -24.2 45.9 0.07 .14 -0.1 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 MERCURY 7 0.50 1.3 5.88 15.6 -20.5 54.2 -0.00 .00 0.2 OLDSMOBILE B 0.25 0.7 4.22 11.9 -2.9 8.3 -0.00 .00 -0.1 PLYMOUTH 6 0.21 0.8 10.56 21.8 -6.6 11.5 0.05 .16 -0.3 PONTIAC 7 0.34 0.7 15.93 21.6 -6.5 30.6 0.14 .26 -0.3 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.25 0.4 13.90 21.5 -4.3 7.9 0.00 • 33 -0.8 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.16 0.5 5.29 11.2 -1.5 8.2 151 - 250 20 0.22 0.7 5.45 13.8 -13.2 38.3 251 - 350 54 0.35 0.8 7.89 18.0 -10.4 26.6 MORE THAN 350 44 0.25 0.7 b.84 18.6 -4.3 22.9 0.05 .21 -0.4 0.01 .14 ' 0.1 0.03 •13 -0.1 0.03 . 16 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800-2799 25 0.20 0.5 5.95 12.0 -1.8 2800 - 3799 55 0.18 0.7 3-84 11.5 -8.4 - 4799 58 0.40 0.8 10.79 21.7 -9.0 3800 4800 9.3 0.04 .23 -0.4 30.6 0.01 .11 0.0 25.6 0.04 .16 -0.2 11.0 0.06 .21 0.0 800 - 5799 12 0.18 0.6 1.65 5.7 -3.2 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.26 0.7 6.70 16.3 -7.1 24.9 0.03 .16 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 23 CO FAILURES: 21 FAILURE RATE: 20.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 2.24 2.01 AUDI 1 10.08 24.65 • BUICK 6 0.00 0.00 CADILLAC 4 17.63 8.45 CHEVROLET 30 22.27 22.54 CHRYSLER 4 21.34 27.89 DATSUN 5 -0.05 6.47 DODGE 7 15.67 19.32 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 FORD 35 0.00 0.00 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 JEEP 3 0.00 0.00 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.00 MERCURY 7 19-94 9.80 OLDSMOBILE 8 12.65 9-89 PLYMOUTH 6 8.10 20.25 PONTIAC 7 13.10 23-97' PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.00 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.00 VOLKSWAGON 5 10.13 32.08 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.00 -0. 11 -21.78 0.00 10.68 6.27 -5.75 0.98 4.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.09 -0.06 2.34 9.09 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 -0.22 -2.94 0.00 0.01 -1.06 -6.30 -1.62 -0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.28 -0.79 -2.05 -2.47 0.00 0.00 -3-97 0.00 5-4 8.8 0.0 49.7 43.6 57.6 -0.1 49.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 55-7 28.1 17.0 22.1 0.0 0.0 19.8 0.0 79-0 202.3 0.0 465.6 958.6 1969.6 198.3 1270.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6' •4i 0.0 >4.1 54.0 834.1 1046.2 0.0 0.0 1081.7 0.0 -0.3 -13.0 0.0 17.0 7.2 -4.7 1.8 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0. -0. 4. 9. 0. 0.0 0.2 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 6.72 13-35 2.75 -1.83 14.9 489.7 4.4 151 - 250 20 9.99 12.08 0.70 0.78 20.1 493-6 1.1 251 - 350 54 13.90 15.24 1.96 -0.57 33-7 749.4 3-2 MORE THAN 350 44 10.38 12.60 1.59 -1-01 26.6 733.0 3.4 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 8.33 14.91 2.51 -2.05 17-3 525.3 3-7 2800 - 3799 55 7-91 10.00 O.74 0.24 18.8 412.1 1.6 -800 - 4799 58 15.15 17.06 2.48 -1.38 35.3 958.0 U 800 - 5799 12 6.65 3-41 3-28 0.00 21.7 203-1 ALL VEHICLES 150 10.89 13-67 1.84 -0.84 25-7 650.4 3.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES : 38 CO # OF HC VEH. MEAN S.l •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.89 0 AUDI 1 2.25 0 BUICK 6 2.22 0 CADILLAC 4 2.46 0 CHEVROLET 30 2.11 0 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0 DATSUN 5 1.64 0 DODGE 7 2.61 1 FIAT 1 1.31 0 FORD 35 1.60 0 HONDA 1 2.44 0 JEEP 3 2.70 0 LINCOLN 2 3.41 2 MERCURY 7 2.01 0 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.69 0 PLYMOUTH 6 2. 13 1 PONTIAC 7 2. 38 0 PORSCHE 1 3.13 0 TOYOTA 6 2.36 0 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.25 0 VOLVO 2 2.51 0 CO FAILURES: 36 FAILURE RATE: 30.0? D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN 34.90 47.38 28.23 52.68 12.56 30.43 18.35 35.18 40.85 54.15 38.47 37.01 52.21 52.49 34.63 29.43 48.39 21.0 0.0 21.3 II .4 24.6 20.2 14.4 25.3 0.0 15.0 0.0 14.7 8.0 26.5 12.7 10.9 11.5 0.0 ,1:1 18.2 481.7 311.5 553.3 753.2 543.5 639.6 3?§- 568. 443.8 612.9 358.1 656.7 905.0 650.5 570.8 541.4 585.2 306.4 393-3 371.2 429.0 95.7 0.0 87.5 54.0 120.0 66.9 46.6 80.6 0.0 134.0 0.0 46.2 16.4 80.9 77.6 89.8 94.4 0.0 41.9 28.0 50.8 2.06 .32 2.09 0.00 1.45 .51 1.51 .44 1.52 .66 1.34 .17 1.7? 1.54 .54 .66 1.08 0.00 1.97 .70 2.16 0.00 3.33 1.31 2.20 .55 1.85 1.10 1.28 .27 2.09 1.36 1.32 .56 1.69 0.00 2.14 .34 1.08 .63 1.95 .51 16.6 25.6 14.3 10.5 14.9 12.4 23.6 13.8 19.0 13.9 22.5 12.4 9.1 12.1 14.2 14.9 13.4 22.3 19.6 20.9 17.3 ~DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.19 0.8 151 - 250 20 1.85 0.8 251 - 350 54 2.07 1.0 MORE THAN 350 44 1.95 0.8 33.65 36.12 41.28 43-25 14.4. 19.0 24. 1 19.0 372.1 47; 52.2 [72.1 62.2 576.8 56.2 702.0 92.8 1.68 1.77 1.61 1.93 •57 20.9 ,54 16.8 .73 13.8 .90 11.6 ~INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 2. 16 0-9 55 1.93 0.8 58 2.03 0.9 12 2.23 1.2 33-95 53 43. 10 14.4 19.3 20.5 22.7 ... r 49.1 1.62 524.4 89.8 1.96 625.0 82.8 1.60 778.4 90.8 1.69 35U .59 21.5 .81 15.6 .72 12.7 .60 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 2.03 0.9 39-54 20.4 555.9 139.1 1.74 .74 15.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 38 CO FAILURES: 36 FAILURE RATE: 30.0% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 0.15 0.3 0.25 0.0 0.55 0.9 0.53 1-1 0.71 0.9 2.44 0.7 -0.00 0.0 1.20 1.2 0.00 0.0 0.08 0.3 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.50 1.3 0.25 0.7 0.52 1.0 0.19 0.9 0.00 0.0 -0 0.00 0.25 0. 14 0.0 0.4 0.2 -1.45 5.80 14.18 4.94 16.71 63-35 1.95 26.72 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.88 4.22 15.14 14.25 0.00 0.00 13-90 3.86 6.9 0.0 22.2 9.9 22.0 9.9 4.4 28.4 0.0 3.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 15.6 11.9 22.0 23.4 0.0 0.0 21.5 5.5 -3-4 0.3 -6.3 -9.5 -20.8 -38.6 1.7 -42.2 0.0 -3.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 -20.5 -2.9 -19.3 -5.5 0.0 0.0 -4.3 -14.1 10.4 0.0 11.0 19.1 .7 .1 31 0.0 16.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 54.2 8.3 30.1 30.9 0.0 0.0 7.9 19.9 0.23 -71 -0.37 0.00 -0.06 .26 0.18 .36 0.13 .25 -0.05 .22 0.02 .04 0.11 .48 0.00 0.00 0.03 .15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00 .00 -0.00 .00 0.17 .30 0.18 .26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 .33 -0.26 .37 0.2 -0.7 -0.4 0.0 -0.2 -1.0 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.0 0.0 -0.8 0.3 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 20 55 0.21 0.6 0.8 0.48 0.9 0.46 0.9 °dl 6.03 9.01 10.49 11.00 11.2 -2.3 2-5 0.05 .25 -0.4 16.8 -15.7 38.4 -0.05 .24 0.0 20.8 -14.6 30.5 0.12 .35 -0.1 22.4 -11.1 29.4 0.05 .20 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 0.20 0-5 5.95 12.0 -1.8 - 3799 - 4799 55 0.29 0.8 5.50 14.0 -11.6 58 0.60 1.0 15.69 24.8 -14.9 - 5799 12 0.41 0.8 5.17 11.7 -11.1 9.3 0.04 .23 -0.4 32.3 0.05 .35 0.0 30.9 0.07 .21 -0.2 22.0 0.14 .29 0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.40 0.8 9-49 19.1 -11.2 28.5 0.06 .28 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 38 CO FAILURES: 36 FAILURE RATE: 30.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 7.37 -4.35 10.16 AUDI 1 10.08 24.65 -21.78 BUICK 6 20.02 22.62 -4.12 CADILLAC 4 17.63 8.45 10.68 CHEVROLET 30 25.15 27.33 7.81 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 -4.24 DATSUN 5 -0.05 6.47 0.98 DODGE 7 31-39 33-65 6.76 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 FORD 35 5.02 2.88 1.64 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 JEEP 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 MERCURY 7 19-94 9.80 -0.09 OLDSMOBILE Q 12.65 9.89 -0.06 PLYMOUTH 6 19-60 29.03 7.48 PONTIAC 7 7.51 21.45 11.93 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 VOLKSWAGON 5 10.13 32.08 0.19 VOLVO 2 -6.02 7.38 -15.67 1.13 -2.94 -3.13 0.01 -1.49 -9.19 -1.62 -0.71 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.28 -0.79 -1.39 -2.16 0.00 0.00 -3-97 1.59 14.8 8.8 46.8 49.7 45.2 71.2 -0.1 73.0 0.0 10.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 55.7 28.1 34.3 11.1 0.0 0.0 19-8 -9.9 -142.8 202.3 1196.3 465.6 1067.5 1849.2 198.3 1632.6 0.0 110.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 654.1 484.0 998.3 820.7 0.0 22.8 -IjO 8 1 0, 1081 268, .0 8.2 -1.6 1.8 6.8 0.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 11.1 10.3 0.0 0.0 0.2 -18.4 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 __ 1£. 251 - 350 54 18.75 20.26 7-08 -0145 3§.*7 6^916 1o!o MORE THAN 350 44 19.20 20.27 2.72 -1.10 38.4 913.6 4.5 LESS THAN 151 32 8.75 15.19 2.63 -1.94 17.8 513-0 3.9 J,51 " 250 20 16.65 19-97 -2.86 0. 12 29.5 718.2 -3.9 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 8.33 14.91 2.51 -2.05 17.3 525.3 3.7 2800 - 3799 55 13-06 14.32 2.39 0.24 25.8 489.8 4.3 38OO - 4799, 58 22.69 24.82 4.23 -1 .72 43.4 1144.0 5 ? 4800 - 5799 12 15.39 10.72 7.76 0.06 38.3 488.2 13.4 ALL VEHICLES 150 16.52 19-35 3-50 -0.94 33.1 780.7 5.2 -AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 48 CO FAILURES: 50 FAILURE RATE: 40.Of, # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 1.79 0.7 2.25 0.0 2.22 0.8 2.48 0.7 2.03 0.9 1.79 0.9 1.64 0.3 2.48 1.8 1.31 0.0 1.61 0.4 2.44 0.0 2.31 0.5 3.41 2.7 1.84 0.6 1.60 0.6 2.13 1.1 2-38 0.7 2.62 0.0 2.17 0. 2.25 0. 2.27 0.3 32.67 17.73 48.51 52.24 42.72 47.38 28.23 48.78 12.56 29.66 18.35 29.52 40.85 49.43 37.32 37.01 52.21 36.02 33-72 29.43 41.31 18.3 0.0 21.3 35.7 23.6 20.2 14.4 28.4 0.0 13.7 0.0 8.6 8.0 26.1 10.4 10.9 11.5 0.0 5.2 11.4 8.2 481.4 96.1 311.5 0.0 553.3 87.5 753.7 53.6 546.7 120.6 639.6 66.9 335.7 46.6 574.7 79.0 443.8 0.0 613.4 134.1 358.1 0.0 653.4 40.5 905.0 658.5 574.3 16.4 8O.7 77.4 541.4 89.8 585.2 94.4 348.7 0.0 394.4 40.6 371.2 28.0 436.3 40.7 2.00 .40 2.09 0.00 1.45 .51 1.48 .39 1.49 .67 1.34 .17 1.79 .35 1.53 .65 1.08 0.00 1.95 .69 2.16 0.00 2.91 1.10 2.20 .55 1.73 .92 1.27 .27 2.09 1.36 1.32 .56 1.40 0.00 2.05 .30 1.08 .63 2.02 .41 16.7 25.6 14.3 10.5 14.9 12.4 23.6 13.8 19.0 13.9 22.5 12.6 9.1 12.1 14.2 14.9 13.4 21.5 19.7 20.9 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.12 0.8 151 - 250 20 1.84 0.7 251 - 350 54 1.97 0.9 MORE THAN 350 44 1.92 0.8 31.95 13.0 375.0 51.9 1.66 .56 20.9 34.68 16.9 467.6 54.5 1.75 .54 17.0 39-33 23.4 581.0 56.9 1.56 .66 13-8 42.39 18.3 703.3 92.1 1.91 .88 11.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 800 - 4799 "00 - 5799 n 25 2.09 0.8 55 1.85 0.7 58 1.98 0.9 12 2.24 1.2 32.58 30.37 46.69 42.69 13.5 17.0 19.9 21.7 360.2 526.5 627.0 778.6 47.5 91.2 81.8 90.7 1.58 1.91 1.58 1.68 .57 .73 .73 .59 21.5 15.7 12.7 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.97 0.8 38.03 19.4 557.8 138.8 1.71 .71 15.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 48 CO FAILURES: 50 FAILURE RATE: 40.0* # OF HC CO C02 NOX VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.25 0.4 0.77 10.0 -3.1 10.6 0.28 .70 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 5.80 0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.37 0.00 BUICK 6 0.55 0.9 14.18 22.2 -6.3 11.0 -0.06 .26 CADILLAC 4 0.51 1.1 6.17 9.3 -10.0 18.7 0.21 • 35 CHEVROLET 30 0.78 0.9 18.44 21.4 -24.0 37.6 0.16 .25 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63-35 9.9 -38.6 44.1 -0.05 .22 DATSUN 5 -0.00 0.0 1.95 4.4 1.7 3-7 0.02 .04 DODGE 7 1.33 1.1 30.62 25.9 -48.0 43.7 0.12 .48 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 FORD 35 0.08 0.4 1.67 4.0 -4.4 26.4 0.05 .20 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 JEEP 3 0.39 0.7 5.66 9.8 3.3 5.7 0.42 .73 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 MPG MEAN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH PONTIAC PORSCHE TOYOTA VOLKSWAGON VOLVO 6 7 1 6 5 2 0.68 0.34 1.3 0.7 0.52 1.0 0.19 0.9 0.51 0.0 0.19 0.5 0.25 0.4 0.09 0.5 10.60 5.37 15.14 14.25 16.47 0.90 13-90 10.94 18.2 11.9. 22.0 23.4 0.0 2.2 21.5 4.6 -28.5 -6.4 -19.3 -5.5 -42.3 -1.1 -4.3 -21.3 54.8 11.9 30.1 30.9 0.0 2.8 7.9 9-7 0.12 0.02 .32 .05 0.17 .30 0.18 .26 0.29 0.00 0.08 .21 0.00 .33 -0.34 .27 0.0 ¦0.7 -0.4 ¦0.0 -0.2 -1.0 -0.4 -0.1 0.0 -0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 0.8 -0.0 -0.8 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.28 151 - 250 20 0.38 251 - 350 54 0.58 MORE THAN 350 44 0.49 0.6 7.73 ; 11.1 0.9 10.46 16.7 0.9 12.43 I 20.6 0.9 11.86 22.5 -5.3 -11.2 -19.0 -12.5 12.3 44.8 32.1 30.1 0.07 -0.03 0.18 0.08 .27 .27 .39 ¦ 23 ¦0.4 ¦0.1 -0.0 ¦0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 0.26 0.6 55 0.37 0.8 58 0.65 0.9 12 0.40 0.8 .32 1.01 16.53 5.59 12.0 -4.1 12.3 0.08 .25 -0.4 14.8 -13-7 36.8 0.10 .42 -0.0 24.6 -16.9 31.2 0.08 .22 -0.2 11.5 -11.3 21.9 0.15 .28 0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.46 0.8 11.00 19.0 -13.1 30.7 0.10 .31 -0.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 48 CO FAILURES: 50 FAILURE RATE: 40.0% # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 12.38 2-31 AUDI 1 10.08 24.65 BUICK 6 20.02 22.62 CADILLAC 4 17.12 10.57 CHEVROLET 30 27.68 30.15 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 DATSUN 5 -0.05 6.47 DODGE 7 34.96 38.56 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 FORD 35 4.46 5.33 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 JEEP 3 14.35 16.10 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.00 MERCURY 7 26.92 17.65 OLDSMOBILE 8 17.51 12.58 PLYMOUTH 6 19-60 29.03 PONTIAC 7 7.51 21.45 PORSCHE 1 16.43 31.38 TOYOTA 6 8.08 2.61 VOLKSWAGON 5 10.13 32.08 VOLVO 2 4.00 20.94 12.41 -21.78 -4.12 12.28 9.45 -4.24 0.98 7.54 0.00 2.29 0.00 12.56 0.00 6.4 1.2 7.48 11.93 17.24 3.93 0.19 -20.07 0.17 ¦2.94 ¦3.13 -0.14 -1.57 -9.19 -1.62 -0.83 0.00 -0.02 0.00 -1.59 0.00 1.29 -0.59 -1-39 -2.16 3.57 -0.24 -3-97 0.62 21.3 8.8 46.8 32.4 43.8 71.2 -0.1 71.9 0.0 7-9 0.0 32.7 0.0 60.7 32.0 34.3 " " 1 5 11 23. 20.4 65.1 202.3 1196.3 391.7 1037-9 1849.2 198.3 1654.3 0.0 174.4 0.0 477.9 0.0 951.5 506.9 998.3 820.7 754.0 96.5 1081.7 500.7 24.0 -1J.0 8 13.1 8.8 -1.6 1.8 6.7 0.0 4.8 0.0 35.3 0.0 10.8 1.5 11.1 10.3 13-3 9-0 0.2 -15.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 11.52 20 17.32 54 22.59 44 20.30 19.48 3.86 23.17 -2.00 24.01 10.16 21.86 3-81 -1.95 18.9 -0.86 27.4 -0.33 40.8 -1.11 38.1 528.2 4.5 744.4 -2.4 680.1 12.5 923-1 5.9 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 11.07 18.35 4.76 -2.09 19.2 538.0 5.8 2800 - 3799 55 16.67 20.88 5.08 -0.08 27.4 593-7 7.5 3800-4799 58 24.61 26.15 5.06 -1.65 44.3 1132.3 5.8 4800 - 5799 12 15.20 11.57 8.26 0.01 32.6 453-5 12.3 ALL VEHICLES 150 18.96 22.43 5.28 -1.06 33-3 794.1 6.9 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 64 CO FAILURES: 64 FAILURE RATE: 50.0$ # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 1.76 0.7 2.25 0.0 1.97 0.6 2.48 0.7 1.97 0.9 1.79 0.9 1.83 2.37 1.31 1.56 2.44 2.05 0.5 1.8 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.1 3.41 2.7 1.84 0.6 1.54 0.6 2.13 ki 1.1 0.8 0.0 2.01 0.6 2.25 0.8 2.27 0.3 32.85 17.73 45.05 52.24 41.32 47.38 23.72 47.20 12.56 28.75 18.35 24.23 40.85 49.43 35.20 37.01 50.49 36.02 30.94 29.43 41.31 18.3 0.0 17.2 35.7 23.2 20.2 8.5 26.4 0.0 12.6 0.0 6.9 8.0 26.1 11.4 10.9 14.8 0.0 7.4 11.4 8.2 488.6 96.7 311.5 0.0 558.6 89-9 753.7 53.6 547.4 120.7 639.6 66.9 338.3 a*- 3.1 77.5 78.9 0.0 620.8 130.1 358.1 0.0 671.1 36.6 905.0 16.4 658.5 80.7 572.9 76.4 541.4 89.8 94.3 0.0 $:? 400.6 ©:§ 1.93 .27 2.09 0.00 1.39 .55 1.48 .39 1.46 .62 1.34 .17 2.01 .42 1.52 .66 1.08 0.00 1.89 .68 2.16 0.00 2.87 1.04 2.20 .55 1.73 .92 1.25 .24 2.09 1-36 1.32 .55 1.40 0.00 37.2 28.0 40.7 1.95 1.08 .63 2.02 .41 16.5 25.6 14.4 10.5 15.0 12.4 24.1 13.8 19.0 13.8 22.5 12.4 9.1 12.1 14.2 14.9 13.5 21.5 19.7 20.9 17.5 *DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.10 0.8 30.63 12.5 374.7 53.7 1.63 .55 21 0 151-250 20 1.80 0.8 33-82 6 6 478 7 59 9 77 58 16 7 251 - 350 54 1.89 0.9 37.69 22.8 583.9 56 1 52 61 3 8 MORE THAN 350 44 1.88 0.8 41.48 17.9 705.2 898 §8 87 O *INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2.07 0.8 30.89 2800 - 3799 55 1.81 0.7 29.58 3800 - 4799 58 1.90 0.8 44.92 4800 - 5799 12 2.24 1.2 42.69 13.1 16.6 19.5 21.7 359.8 534.4 627.4 778.6 49.9 92.0 81.4 90.7 11 ii 1.68 .56 21.7 •72 15.5 .71 12.8 .59 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.92 0.8 36.78 19.0 560.8 138.5 1.68 .69 15.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. §0011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 64 CO FAILURES: 64 FAILURE RATE: 50.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.28 0.4 0.60 10.0 -10.3 23.1 0.36 .71 0.2 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 5.80 0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.37 0.00 -0.7 BUICK 6 0.81 0.9 17.64 21.1 -11.5 14.4 -0.00 .31 -0.5 CADILLAC 4 0.51 1.1 6.17 9-3 -10.0 18.7 0.21 • 35 -0.0 CHEVROLET 30 0.84 0.9 19.84 20.8 -24.7 37.3 0.19 .27 -0.3 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63.35 9.9 -38.6 44.1 -0.05 .22 -1.0 DATSUN 5 -0.20 0.3 6.46 6.8 -1.0 46.3 -0.20 .44 -0.9 DODGE 7 1.44 1.0 32.20 23-9 -47.6 44.2 0.14 .48 -0.2 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.13 0.4 2.58 4.7 -11.8 38.8 0.10 .29 0.1 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.65 0.6 10.95 9-5 -14.4 33.9 0.46 .69 -0.0 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 MERCURY 7 0.68 1.3 10.60 18.2 -28.5 54.8 0.12 .32 0.2 OLDSMOBILE 8 • 0.40 0.7 7.49 12.3 -5.1 13-3 0.04 .07 -0.2 PLYMOUTH 6 0.52 1.0 15.14 22.0 -19-3 30.1 0.17 .30 -0.2 PONTIAC 7 0.21 0.8 15.97 22.6 -3.5 31.8 0.18 .26 -0.4 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 16.47 0.0 -42.3 0.0 0.29 0.00 0.8 TOYOTA 6 0.34 0.5 3.69 4.2 -7.3 14.7 0.19 .23 -0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.25 0.4 13.90 21.5 -4.3 7.9 0.00 .33 -0.8 VOLVO 2 0.09 0.5 10.94 4.6 -21.3 9.7 -0.34 .27 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.29 0.6 9.05 10.8 -5.0 151 - 250 20 0.42 0.9 11.31 16.4 -22.2 251 - 350 54 0.66 0.9 14.08 20.3 -21.9 MORE THAN 350 44 0.53 0.9 12.77 22.3 -14.3 17.7 55-3 32.8 32.8 0.09 -0.06 0.22 0.11 .28 ,36 .40 .29 -0.5 0.1 -0.0 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 0.28 0.6 9.01 11.6 -3-7 18.9 0.11 .26 - 3799 - 4799 55 0.41 0.8 8.80 14.7 -21.6 43.4 0.13 .48 58 0.73 0-2 18.30 23.9 -17.3 31.4 0.11 .24 - 5799 12 0.40 0.8 5.59 11.5 -11.3 21.9 0.15 .28 -0.6 0.2 -0.3 0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.51 0.8 12.25 18.8 -16.1 34.5 0.12 .35 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 64 CO FAILURES: 64 FAILURE RATE: 50.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 13-93 AUDI 1 10.08 BUICK 6 29.06 CADILLAC 4 17.12 CHEVROLET 30 29.79 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 DATSUN 5 -11.94 DODGE 7 37.75 FIAT 1 0.00 FORD 35 7.57 HONDA 1 0.00 JEEP 3 23.97 LINCOLN 2 0.00 MERCURY 7 26.92 OLDSMOBILE 8 20.51 PLYMOUTH 6 19.60 PONTIAC 7 8.08 PORSCHE 1 16.43 TOYOTA 6 14.55 VOLKSWAGON 5 10.13 VOLVO 2 4.00 1.79 24.65 28.14 10.57 32.44 57.21 21.40 40.55 0.00 8.23 0.00 31.12 0.00 17.65 17.55 29.03 24.03 31-38 10.66 32.08 20.94 15.6 -21.7 -0.06 12.28 11.48 -4.24 -10.83 8.31 0.00 5.24 0.00 13.88 0.00 6.49 2.96 7.48 12.29 17.24 8.90 0.19 -20.07 1.45 -2.94 -3.26 -0.14 -1.82 -9.19 -3.77 -1.22 0.00 0.91 0.00 -0.37 0.00 1.29 -1.26 -1.39 -2.93 3.57 -0.06 -3.97 0.62 20.2 8.8 51.8 32.4 43.6 71.2 -12.3 69.6 0.0 11.8 0.0 38.4 0.0 60.7 29.7 34.3 10.2 23.5 22.5 12: 42.5 202.3 1135.5 391. 1031. 1849.2 407.5 1559.2 0.0 237.7 0.0 649.7 0.0 951i:S 558, 998.3 783.5 754.0 242.5 1081.7 500.7 25.5 -13.0 -0.1 13'1 9.8 -1.6 -12.4 6.7 0.0 9.6 0.0 27.5 0.0 10.8 2.8 11.1 9.0 13.3 12.5 0.2 -15.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 12.28 22.80 5.44 -2.65 17.7 542.6 5.6 151 - 250 20 18.97 25.06 -3.35 0.75 27.1 727.6 -3.7 251 - 350 54 25.83 27.20 12.48 -0.26 40.2 659-3 13.2 MORE THAN 350 44 21.87 23.53 5.51 -1.04 37.5 909.2 7.8 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 12.06 22.58 6.86 -2.96 17.5 555.4 7.0 2800- 3799 55 18.52 22.93 6.49 1.00 27.5 588.5 8.7 3800 - 4799 58 27.63 28.95 6.76 -2.06 43-3 1092.9 6.7 4800 - 5799 12 15.20 11.57 8.26 0.01 32.6 453-5 12.3 ALL VEHICLES 150 21.00 24.99 6.79 -O.98 32.6 783.0 7.8 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 78 CO FAILURES: 80 FAILURE RATE: 60.7% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 1.79 0.7 2.25 0.0 1.62 0.5 2.49 0.7 '1.97 0.9 1.79 0.9 1.78 0.6 2.37 1.8 1.31 0.0 1.58 0.5 2.44 0.0 2.05 0.1 3-41 1.73 1.49 2.7 0.7 9 0.7 1.87 1.1 2.29 0.7 2.62 0.0 1.89 0.4 2.15 0.9 2.27 0.3 33.89 ll:ll 53.55 41.32 47.38 21.89 47.20 12.56 29.06 18.35 24.23 40.85 47.50 31.21 31.08 48.88 36.02 29.43 27.68 41.31 19-5 0.0 16.5 34.8 23.2 20.2 11. 26. 0.0 12.1 0.0 6.9 8.0 26.3 12.9 10.6 14.1 0.0 5.2 1i-5 8.2 499.2 87.3 311.5 0.0 568.6 89.4 752.5 53.1 547.4 120.7 639.6 66.9 335.4 ii:3 78.6 78.9 0.0 620.9 129.5 358.1 0.0 671.1 36.6 905.0 672.7 577.4 16.4 60.4 73.7 553.6 102.0 587.5 99.4 348.7 0.0 402.2 38.8 371.2 27-9 436.3 40.7 1.91 -27 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 1.46 .38 1.46 .62 1.34 .17 2.13 .37 1.52 .66 1.08 0.00 1.86 .68 2.16 0.00 2.87 1.04 2.20 .55 1.72 .93 1.61 .78 1.82 .83 1.57 .97 1.40 0.00 1.92 .44 1.07 .64 2.02 .41 16.1 25.6 14.4 10.5 15.0 12.4 24.5 13.8 19.0 13.8 22.5 12.4 9.1 11.9 14.3 14.9 13.5 21.5 19.7 21.1 17.5 *DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.05 0.8 29.60 13-0 375.0 54.8 1.62 .54 21.1 151 - 250 20 1.75 0.8 32.93 15.9 4&9-4 62.2 1.78 .56 16.4 251 - 350 54 1.88 0.9 37.28 22.2 585.2 55.7 1.51 .62 13-8 MORE THAN 350 44 1.83 0.8 40.04 18.3 707.5 88.0 1.94 .84 11.6 *INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 2.01 0.8 29.81 - 3799 - 4799 55 58 1.78 1.85 §:I 29.12 43.76 - 5799 12 2.22 1.2 41.30 51.0 1 ' 56 .58 21.8 90.6 1.1 33 .62 15.4 80.8 1.! j8 .76 12.8 90.6 1.f 37 .74 10.5 13.6 359.6 16.4 539-2 19.4 629.8 22.7 778.3 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.88 0.8 35.87 19.0 563-4 138.3 1-70 .69 15.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 78 CO FAILURES: 80 FAILURE RATE: 60.7% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.25 0.4 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.15 0.7 CADILLAC 4 0.49 1.1 CHEVROLET 30 0.84 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 DATSUN 5 -0.14 0.4 DODGE 7 1.44 1.0 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.10 0.4 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.65 0.6 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.0 MERCURY 7 O.78 1.3 OLDSMOBILE b 0.45 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 0.78 0.9 PONTIAC 7 0.28 0.9 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.47 0.4 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.36 0.4 VOLVO 2 0.09 0.5 MPG MEAN -0.45 10.6 5.80 0.0 24.64 17.0 4.86 10.8 19-84 20.8 63-35 9.9 8.29 5.7 32.20 23-9 0.00 0.0 2.28 5.7 0.00 0.0 10.95 9.5 0.00 0.0 12.53 17.6 11.49 12.2 21.07 18.8 17.58 22.9 16.47 0.0 5.20 15.65 10.94 -20.9 0.3 -21.6 4.3 20.4 4.6 36.0 0.38 0.0 -0.37 15.0 0.01 -8.8 19.8 0.23 24.7 37.3 0.19 " " 44.1 -0. -38.6 1.9 -47.6 0.0 -11.9 0.0 -14.4 0.0 -42.8 -9.5 -31.6 -7.8 -42.3 05 46.8 -0.32 44.2 0.14 0.0 38.8 0.0 33.9 0.0 59.0 0.14 0.00 0.46 0.13 16.4 -0.33 26.5 0.43 32.1 -0.07 0.0 0.29 -8.9 -4.2 21.3 14.3 8.0 0.22 0.01 9-7 -0.34 .70 0.00 .40 1 1 OOO Ol--3--3 • 33 .27 .22 -0.0 -0.3 -1.0 .46 .48 0.00 -1.3 -0.2 0.0 .31 0.00 .69 0.1 0.0 -0.0 0.00 •32 .86 0.0 0.4 -0.2 .54 .79 0.00 -0.2 -0.4 0.8 .21 • 33 .27 -0.1 -1.0 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.34 0.6 10.07 10.3 -5.2 18.0 0.10 .33 -0.6 151 - 250 20 0.47 0.9 12.21 16.4 -32.9 58.8 -0.06 .37 0.4 251 - 350 54 0.67 0.9 14.49 20.6 -23.2 32.7 0.22 .41 -0.0 MORE THAN 350 44 0.58 0.9 14.21 22.2 -16.6 32.8 0.05 .59 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 0.35 0.6 10.09 11.1 -3.5 19-3 0.10 .30 -0.8 2800 - 3799 55 0.43 0.8 9.26 15.0 -26.3 45-2 0.17 .52 0.3 3800 - 4799 58 0.77 0.9 19.46 23-6 -19-7 31.2 0.08 .35 -0.3 4800 - 5799 12 0.42 0.8 6.97 12.7 -11.0 22.1 -0.04 .79 -0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.55 0.9 13-16 18.8 -18.7 35.7 0.11 .46 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 78 CO FAILURES: 80 FAILURE RATE: 60.7% # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC . CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 12.47 AUDI 1 10.08 BUICK 6 41.54 CADILLAC 4 16.57 CHEVROLET 30 29.79 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 DATSUN 5 -8.44 DODGE 7 37.75 FIAT 1 0.00 FORD 35 6.20 HONDA 1 0.00 JEEP 3 23.97 LINCOLN 2 0.00 MERCURY 7 31.05 OLDSMOBILE 8 23.19 PLYMOUTH 6 29.33 PONTIAC 7 10.96 PORSCHE 1 16.43 TOYOTA 6 19.74 VOLKSWAGON 5 14.38 VOLVO 2 4.00 -1.34 24.65 39.31 8.32 32.44 57.21 27.47 40.55 0.00 7.26 0.00 31.12 0.00 20.87 26.91 40.40 26.46 31.38 15.02 36.12 20.94 16.58 -21.78 0.88 -4.24 -1 .74 -31 0.00 6.91 0.00 13.88 0.00 6.88 -25.46 :w8 17.2 10.12 0.70 -20.07 3.98 -2.94 -3.64 -0.04 -1.82 -9.19 -5.80 -1.22 0.00 1.03 0.00 -0.37 0.00 3.13 -1.31 -1.12 -2.89 3.57 -0.28 -4.80 0.62 16.2 8.8 53.1 23.6 43.6 71.2 -7.3 69.6 0.0 8.8 0.0 38.4 0.0 58.7 26.2 38.6 11.0 23.5 26.2 22.7 4.3 -28.4 202.3 1136.4 232.3 1031.8 1849.2 439.8 1559.2 0.0 192.0 0.0 649.7 0.0 943.7 669.1 1044.8 688.5 754.0 293.5 987.4 500.7 24.1 -13.0 0.6 10.8 9.8 -1.6 -!•? 0.0 11.6 0.0 27.5 0.0 9.6 -19.0 21.4 -2.6 13.3 12.2 0.5 -15.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 14.36 15T - 250 20 21.34 251 - 350 54 26.38 MORE THAN 350 44 24.03 25.3? 27.04 27.98 26.19 6.08 -3.70 12.79 2.66 -3-16 2.31 -0.16 -1.08 18.6 26.1 38.9 35.4 543.0 If.1 868. 5.6 "3-5 12.8 3.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 E-82 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 14.70 25.28 5.80 -3.62 19.2 559.8 5. 2800 - 3799 55 19-51 24.13 8.70 1.69 25.7 550.9 10. *800 - 4799 58 29.42 30.78 5.06 -2.00 42.6 1072.5 4. 800 - 5799 12 15.90 14.44 -2.32 -0.37 27.5 455.9 -2. ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 95 CO FAILURES: 95 FAILURE RATE: 70.0* # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.79 0.7 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.58 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.49 0.7 CHEVROLET 30 1.99 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.77 0.6 DODGE 7 1.76 0.7 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.54 0.4 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 JEEP 3 2.05 0.1 LINCOLN 2 3-31 2.8 MERCURY 7 1.74 0.7 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.49 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 1.87 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.29 0.7 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 1.89 0.4 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.15 0.9 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.3 33.89 17.73 37.60 5^ .55 , 1-3 47.3 23.91 13.71 12.56 29.24 18.35 24.23 35.14 49.16 31.21 31.08 48.88 36.02 i?:8 41.31 19-5 0.0 16.1 34.8 23.1 20.2 11.0 21.3 0.0 12.3 0.0 6.9 0.1 35.3 12.9 10.6 14.1 0.0 5.3 12.5 8.2 499.2 87.3 311.5 0.0 578.9 92.3 752.5 53.1 546.6 120.9 639.6 66.9 335.9 78.4 573-2 79.1 443.8 0.0 623-9 131.8 358.1 0.0 671.1 36.6 885.4 44.1 694.2 71.0 577.4 73.7 553.6 102.0 587.5 99.4 348.7 0.0 400.5 38.0 371.2 27.9 436.3 40.7 1.91 -27 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 1.46 .38 1.46 .63 1.34 .17 2.09 .39 1.50 .64 1.08 0.00 1.79 .60 2.16 0.00 2.87 1.04 2.26 .46 1.77 1.02 1.61 .78 1.82 .83 1.57 -97 1.40 0.00 2.02 .64 1.07 .64 2.02 .41 16.1 25.6 14.2 10.5 15.0 12.4 24.3 14.0 19.0 13.8 22.5 12.4 9.3 11.6 14.3 14.9 13.5 21.5 19.8 21.1 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 20 a 2.05 M5 1.80 1.80 0.8 0.8 0. 0. I J 29-93 32.93 "6.62 0.42 12.8 16.9 21.5 20.2 54.5 1.63 39.4 62.2 1.78 585.1 56.6 1.51 713.2 85.4 1.89 .58 21.1 .56 16.4 .62 13.8 .80 11.5 •INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 2.01 0.8 - 3799 55 1.78 0.7 - 4799 58 1.77 0.6 - 5799 12 2.20 1.2 30.23 28.94 43-80 40.35 13.4 359.3 50.5 1.58 16.5 538.5 90.3 1.83 20.0 635.4 85.1 1.55 22.7 775.0 86.7 1.88 .63 21.8 .63 15.4 .71 12.7 .74 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.85 0.8 35.81 19.2 565.0 139.7 1.68 .68 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. §0011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 95 CO FAILURES: 95 FAILURE RATE: 70.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S-.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.25 0.4 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.19 0.7 CADILLAC 4 0.49 1.1 CHEVROLET 30 0.82 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 DATSUN 5 -0.13 0.4 DODGE 7 2.05 1.2 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.14 0.4 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.65 0.6 LINCOLN 2 0.11 0.2 MERCURY 7 0.77 1.3 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.45 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 0.78 0.9 PONTIAC 7 0.28 0.9 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.46 0.4 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.36 0.4 VOLVO 2 0.09 0.5 -0.45 5.80 25.09 4.86 19.79 63-35 6.2 35.6 0.00 2.10 0.00 10.95 5-71 10.86 11.49 21.0 5.15 15.6 10.9 10.6 0.0 16.3 10.8 20.9 9-9 9.7 19.9 0.0 6.6 0.0 9.5 8.1 22.8 12.2 18.8 22.9 0.0 4.3 20. 4 4.6 -20.9 0-3 -31.8 -8.8 -23.9 -38.6 1.4 -46.5 0.0 -14.9 0.0 -14.4 19.6 -64.2 -9.5 -31.6 -7.8 -42.3 -7.3 -4.2 21.3 36.0 0.0 18.0 1 2-8 8.1 4.1 46.8 45.6 0.0 40.8 0.0 33.9 27.7 54. 16. 26.5 32.1 0.0 15.9 8.0 9.7 0.38 .70 -0.37 0.00 0.01 .40 0.23 .33 0.19 .27 ¦0.05 .22 -0.28 .50 0.16 .47 0.00 0.00 0.21 .40 0.00 0.00 0.46 .69 -0.06 0.09 -0.33 56 - 0.43 .54 •0.07 .79 0.29 0.00 0.12 .39 0.01 .33 -0.34 .27 0.7 -0.7 -0.3 -0.0 -0.3 -1.0 -1.1 -0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.0 -0.3 0.7 0.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.8 -0.1 -1.0 0.1 *DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.35 0.6 9-75 10.8 -5.0 18.2 0.09 .36 -0.6 151 - 250 20 0.47 0.9 12.21 16.4 -32.9 58.8 -0.06 -37 0.4 251 - 350 54 0.75 1.0 15.14 20.5 -23.1 34.4 0.23 .41 -0.1 MORE THAN 350 44 0.60 0.9 13-83 23-2 -22.3 36.8 0.10 .64 -0.0 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 0.35 0.6 9.67 11.7 -3-2 19-4 0.08 .33 -0.7 2800 - 3799 55 0.44 0.8 9.44 15.0 -25.7 45.8 0.18 .52 0.2 3800 - 4799 58 0.86 1.0 19.42 24.3 -25.2 34.0 0.12 .41 -0.2 800 - 5799 12 0.44 0.8 7-92 12.5 -7.7 26.4 -0.05 .79 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.59 0.9 13.22 19-1 -20.3 37.4 0.12 .48 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 95 CO FAILURES: 95 FAILURE RATE: 70.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 12.4 10.0 42.82 16.57 29.22 57.65 53 i§i 0.00 8.40 0.00 23.97 3.14 30.55 23-19 29-33 10.96 16.43 19.74 14.38 4.00 -1.34 24.65 40.02 8.32 32.36 57.21 20.79 44.94 0.00 6.69 0.00 31.12 13.98 18.10 26.91 40.40 26.46 31-38 14.88 36.12 20.94 16.58 -21.78 0.99 13-37 11.51 -4.24 -15.55 9.46 0.00 10.43 0.00 13.88 -2.96 4.67 -25.46 19.18 -4.4 17.2 5.41 0.70 -20.07 3-98 -2.94 -2.33 -0.04 -1.91 -9.19 -4.69 -2.39 0.00 1.34 0.00 -0.37 -3-19 5.42 -1.31 -1 .12 ¦ 89 .57 -0.59 -4.80 0.62 16.2 8.8 46.8 23.6 40.1 71.2 o5-9 87.0 0.0 10.4 0.0 38.4 6.2 38.4 26.2 38.6 11.0 23.5 23.0 22.7 4.3 -28.4 202.3 988.9 232.3 966.2 1849.2 287.1 1515.0 0.0 154.4 0.0 649.7 328.1 544.3 669.1 1044.8 688.5 754.0 254.8 987.4 500.7 24.1 -13.0 0.5 10.8 9.2 -1.6 -12.9 6.6 0.0 15.4 0.0 27.5 ~^3 -19.0 21.4 -2.6 13.3 5.7 0.5 -15.5 *DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 14.42 20 21.34 54 29.52 44 25.09 24.57 5.35 27.04 -3.70 29.25 13.11 25.50 4.83 -3.02 17.7 2.31 26.1 -0.38 39.5 500.3 4.7 672.7 -3-5 794.0 11.9 731.1 5.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 14.77 24.24 4.82 -3.44 18.1 503.2 4.2 2800- 3799 55 19.76 24.60 8.84 1.55 25.6 552.7 10.4 3800 - 4799 58 32.66 30.72 7.31 -1.42 40.6 920.0 5.8 4800 - 5799 12 16.58 16.41 -2.91 -O.83 25.7 464.7 -3.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 24.06 26.96 6.72 -0.72 30.8 695.9 6.4 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 110 CO FAILURES: 110 FAILURE RATE: 80.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.70 0.7 AUDI 1 2-25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.58 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.49 0.7 CHEVROLET 30 1.99 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.77 0.6 DODGE 7 1.76 0.7 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.49 0.5 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 JEEP 3 2.05 0.1 LINCOLN 2 3.31 2.8 MERCURY 7 1.72 0.7 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.48 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 1.87 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.29 0.7 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.05 0.3 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.15 0.9 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.3 33.08 17.73 37.60 53.55 23.91 43.71 12.56 28.90 18.35 24.23 35.14 49.62 27.98 31.08 48.88 36.02 30.4 27.6 41.31 19.8 0.0 16.1 34.8 23.1 20.2 11.0 21.3 0.0 12.2 0.0 6.9 0.1 34.7 11.6 10.6 14.1 0.0 6.4 12.5 8.2 505.8 81.8 311.5 0.0 578.9 92.3 752.5 53.1 546.6 120.9 639-6 66.9 335.9 78.4 573.2 79-1 443.8 0.0 644.6 151.2 358.1 0.0 671.1 36.6 885.4 44.1 687.9 77.1 590.1 76.8 553.6 102.0 587.5 99.4 48.7 0.0 3 402.7 41.2 371.2 27.9 436.3 40.7 1.86 .26 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 1.46 .38 1.46 .63 1.34 .17 2.09 1.50 1.08 0.00 1.74 .55 2.16 0.00 2.87 1.04 2.26 .46 1.72 1.04 1.70 .72 1.82 .83 1.57 .97 1.40 0.00 2.09 .68 1.07 .64 2.02 .41 15.9 25.6 14.2 10.5 15.0 12.4 24.3 14.0 19.0 13-5 22.5 12.4 9.3 11.7 14.1 14.9 13.5 21.5 19-6 21.1 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.08 0.8 30.11 12.9 375.1 55.0 1.64 .59 21.0 151 - 250 20 1.75 0.8 32.97 17.0 490.9 63-3 1.78 .56 16.4 251 - 350 54 1.79 0.7 36.41 21.6 589.0 57.6 1.49 .61 13-7 MORE THAN 350 44 1.75 0.6 39-71 20.3 726.8 94.9 1.87 .77 11.3 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2800 - 3799 55 3800 - 4799 58 4800 - 5799 12 2.04 0.8 30.47 1.76 0.7 28.90 1.74 0.6 43.41 2.15 1.3 38.97 UJ 38:? 20.3 647.5 101.6 22.7 778.8 81.0 1.60 ..65 21.8 1.81 .63 15.3 1.53 .67 12.5 1.91 -70 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.83 0.8 35.57 19-2 570.7 146.0 1.67 .67 14.9 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 110 CO FAILURES: 110 FAILURE RATE: 80.0% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.34 0.4 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.19 0.7 CADILLAC 4 0.49 1.1 CHEVROLET 30 0.82 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 DATSUN 5 -0.13 0.4 DODGE 7 2.05 1.2 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.20 0.4 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.65 0.6 LINCOLN 2 0.11 0.2 MERCURY 7 0.79 1.3 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.46 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 0.78 0.9 PONTIAC 7 0.28 0.9 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.31 0.7 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.36 0.4 VOLVO 2 0.09 0.5 o.: 5.80 25.09 4.86 19-79 63-35 6.2 35.6 0.00 2.44 0.00 10.95 5.71 10.41 14.72 21.0 17 16 4 15 ,16 .65 10.9l 10.9 0.0 16.3 10.8 20.9 9.9 9.7 19.9 0.0 6.9 0.0 9.5 8.1 23.1 10.1 18.8 22.9 0.0 6.1 20.4 4.6 -27.5 0.3 -31.8 -8.8 -23.9 -38.6 1.4 -46.5 0.0 -35.6 0.0 -14.4 19.6 -57.9 -22.3 -31.6 -fd 3:2 -21.3 37.2 0.0 18.0 1 2-8 8.1 4.1 46.8 45.6 0.0 52.7 0.0 33.9 IU 23.7 26.5 32.1 0.0 1 0.42 .68 -0.37 0.00 0.01 .40 0.23 .33 0.19 .27 -0.05 .22 -0.28 .50 0.16 .47 0.00 0.00 0.26 .57 0.00 0.00 0.46 .69 -0.06 0.14 -0.41 • 09 0.43 .54 -0.07 .79 0.29 0.00 5-6 8.0 9.7 0.04 0.01 -0.34 .46 .33 • 27 0.9 -0.7 -0.3 -0.0 -0.3 -1.0 -1.1 -0.3 0.0 0.5 0.0 -0.0 -0.3 0.5 -0.0 -0.2 -0.4 0.8 0.0 -1.0 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 20 52 0.32 0.47 0.76 0.66 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.9 9.56 12.17 15.36 14.54 11.0 16.5 20.4 23.0 -5.4 -34.4 -27.0 -36.0 18.2 58.3 '6.7 5.2 0.08 -0.06 0.24 0.12 • 37 .75 -0.6 0.4 0.0 0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 55 58 12 0.31 0.45 0.89 0.49 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.8 9.48 19.82 9.30 12.0 15.0 24.1 12.5 -3.8 -27.3 -37.4 -11.5 9.5 46.5 41.1 28.3 0.06 0.20 0.14 ¦0.08 .35 .52 ¦£3 .80 -0.7 0.3 -0.0 ¦0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.60 0.9 13-46 19.1 -26.0 41.3 0.13 .53 -0.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 110 CO FAILURES: 110 FAILURE RATE: 80.056 # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 16.67 1.10 18.55 5.10 ig.6 21.0 24.4 AUDI 1 10.08 24.65 -21.78 -2.94" 8.8 202.3 -13-0 BUICK 6 42.82 40.02 0.99 -2.33 46.8 988.9 0.5 CADILLAC 4 16.57 8.32 13-37 -0.04 23-6 232.3 10.8 CHEVROLET 30 29.22 32.36 11.51 -1.91 40.1 966.2 9-2 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 -4.24 -9.19 71.2 1849.2 -1.6 DATSUN 5 -7.93 20.79 -15.55 -4.69 -5.9 287.1 -12.9 DODGE 7 53.86 44.94 9.46 -2.39 87.0 1515.0 6.6 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 FORD 35 11.83 7.78 13-13 3-34 9.3 113-6 12.2 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.99 -2.33 13-37 11.51 -4.24 -0.04 -1.91 -9.19 -15.55 9.46 0.00 -4.69 -2.39 0.00 13-13 0.00 13.88 3-34 0.00 -0.37 -2.96 7-36 -32.27 -3.19 4.47 -0.07 19.18 -4.43 17.24 -1.12 -2.89 3-57 2.01 . 0.70 -20.07 0.14 -4.80 0.62 JEEP 3 23.97 31.12 13.88 -0.37 38.4 649.7 27.5 LINCOLN 2 3-14 13-98 -2.96 -3.19 6.2 328.1 -3.7 MERCURY 7 31-50 17.33 7-36 4.47 35.8 470.8 6.2 OLDSMOBILE 8 23.91 34.47 -32.27 -0.07 21.2 673-2 -18.9 PLYMOUTH 6 29-33 40.40 19.18 -1.12 - • 38.6 1044.8 21.4 PONTIAC 7 10.96 26.46 -4.43 -2.89 11.0 688.5 -2.6 PORSCHE 1 16.43 31-38 17-24 3-57 23-5 754.0 13.3 TOYOTA 6 13.08 12.02 2.01 . 0.14 13.6 183.1 1.9 VOLKSWAGON 5 14.38 36.12 0.70 -4.80 22.7 987-4 0.5 VOLVO 2 4.00 20-94 -20.07 0.62 4.3 500.7 -15.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 13.19 24.10 4.56 -2.89 15-8 479.2 3-9 151 - 250 20 21.18 26.96 -3-54 2.54 24.9 643.9 -3-2 251 - 350 54 29-98 29-67 14.04 0.20 36.8 737.9 11.7 MORE THAN 350 44 27.45 26.81 5-99 1.12 27-3 599.9 4.9 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 13-17 23-64 3-77 -3-28 15.7 476.0 3.2 2800 - 3799 55 20.39 24.71 9.92 1.86 24.7 519.2 10.9 3800 - 4799 58 33-79 31.34 8.46 -0.17 34.6 772.9 5.5 4800 - 5799 12 18.40 19-27 -4.56 -0.60 26.5 508.3 -4.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 24.65 27.44 7.28 -0.14 28.0 629.4 6.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 131 CO FAILURES: 131 FAILURE RATE: 90.7? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.70 0.7 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.58 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.49 0.7 CHEVROLET 30 1.98 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1-77 0.6 DODGE 7 1.76 0.7 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.49 0.5 HONDA 1 2.79 0.0 JEEP 3 2.05 0.1 LINCOLN 2 1.31 0.0 MERCURY 7 1.72 0.7 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.51 0.6 PLYMOUTH 6 1.88 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.29 0.7 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.05 0.3 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.01 1.1 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.3 33-08 17.73 37.60 53.55 40.90 47.38 23.91 43.71 12.56 29.51 17.09 24.23 30.20 49.62 27.60 mi 36.02 30.47 26.53 41.31 19.8 0.0 16.1 34.8 23.4 20.2 11.0 21.3 0.0 11.5 0.0 6.9 6.9 34.7 11.9 11.1 14.1 0.0 6.4 12.9 8.2 505.8 81.8 311.5 0.0 578.9 92.3 752.5 53.1 548.2 121.3 639.6 66.9 335.9 551:1 1.86 .26 2.09 0.00 1-38 .50 1.46 .38 1.50 .71 1.34 .17 78.4 79.1 0.0 2.09 1.50 1.08 0.00 •J 654.4 158.1 316.8 0.0 671.1 36.6 868.1 19.6 687.9 77.1 590.5 76.2 555.6 102.6 587.5 99.4 348.7 0.0 402.7 41.2 370.4 28.2 436.3 40.7 1.67 .55 1.95 0.00 2.87 1.04 2.07 .19 1.72 1.04 1.72 .72 1.85 .83 1.57 .97 1.40 0.00 2.09 .68 0.95 .69 2.02 .41 15.9 25.6 14.2 10.5 14.9 12.4 24.3 14.0 19-0 13.3 25.2 12.4 9.7 11.7 14.1 14.8 13.5 21.5 19.6 21.3 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 2.06 1.78 i:H 0.8 29.86 n.O 0.8 33.12 16.7 0.7 36.44 21.4 0.7 39.44 20.5 374.8 57.0 491.5 64.0 590.2 57.4 732.7 96.4 1.61 1.71 1-51 1.87 .61 .52 .64 .80 21.1 16.4 13.7 11.3 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2.02 2800 - 3799 55 1.79 3800 - 4799 58 1.-- 4800 - 5799 12 1. 0.9 0.7 12 0.7 §2 0.6 30.14 13.7 29.29 16.1 43.08 20.6 38.15 23.0 359.4 53.9 540.8 89.1 653.3 108.5 775.9 76.1 1.55 1.80 .66 .64 21.9 15.3 12.5 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.80 0.7 35.47 19-2 572.9 148.8 1.66 .68 14.9 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 131 CO FAILURES: 131 FAILURE RATE: 90.756 # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 0.34 0.4 0.25 0.0 1.19 0.7 0.49 0.84 2.44 1.1 0.9 0.7 -0.13 0.4 2.05 1.2 0.00 0.0 0.20 0.5 -0.36 0.0 0.65 0.6 2.11 0.79 0.43 2.7 1.3 0.7 n °*9 0.28 0.9 0.51 0.0 0.77 ).2fi 0.31 0.7 0.49 0.4 0.09 0.5 0. 5.80 25.09 4.86 20.26 63-35 6.2 35.6 0.00 1.82 1.26 10.95 10.65 10.41 15.09 21.58 17.58 16.47 4.16 16.80 10.94 10.9 0.0 16.3 10.8 20.6 9.9 9.7 19.9 0.0 7.4 0.0 9.5 1.1 23.1 9.6 18.1 22.9 0.0 6.1 -27.5 0.3 -31.8 -8.8 -25.5 -38.6 1.4 -46.5 0.0 -45.3 41.3 -14.4 36.9 -57.9 -22.7 -33-6 -7.8 -42.3 -9.5 -3.5 -21.3 37.2 0.0 18.0 0.42 .68 -0.37 0.00 0.01 .40 19.8 .5 .1 a 0.23 .33 0.14 .35 ¦0.05 .22 46.8 45.6 0.0 59.8 0.0 33.9 eU 23.3 24.0 32.1 0.0 -0.28 .50 0.16 .47 0.00 0.00 0.33 .59 0.21 0.00 0.46 .69 0.12 0.14 -0.44 • 36 ¦J! 1 5-6 8.6 9.7 0.41 .57 -0.07 .79 0.29 0.00 0.04 .46 0.14 .43 -0.34 .27 0.9 -0.7 -0.3 -0.0 -0.3 -1.0 -1.1 -0.3 0.0 0.6 -2.7 -0.0 -0.6 0.5 -0.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.8 0.0 -1.1 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.33 0.6 9.82 151 - 250 20 0.44 0.9 12.01 251 - 350 54 0.76 1.0 15.33 MORE THAN 350 44 0.77 1.0 14.81 10.8 -5.1 20.7 0.12 .38 -0.7 16.6 -35.0 58.4 0.00 .45 0.5 20.5 -28.2 37.4 0.23 .43 0.1 22.8 -41.9 52.0 0.12 .77 0.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 O.33 0.6 9.77 11.7 -3.3 22.4 0.11 .37 -0.8 2800 - 3799 55 0.43 0.9 9.09 15.4 -28.0 47.4 0.21 .54 0.3 3800 - 4799 58 0.91 1.0 20.15 23-9 -43.1 45.4 0.14 .55 0.0 4800 - 5799 12 0.82 1.3 10.13 12.1 -8.6 31-2 -0.05 .81 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 O.63 0.9 13-56 19-1 -28.2 44.5 0.14 .55 -0.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 131 CO FAILURES: 131 FAILURE RATE: 90.7% # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS- VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 16.6 10-0 42.82 16.57 29.76 57.65 53'.U 0.00 11.83 ¦ 14.67 23-97 61.74 31.50 22.31 29.08 10.96 16.43 1.10 24.65 40.02 8.32 33.12 57.21 20.79 44.94 0.00 5.82 6.89 31.12 26.08 17.33 35.35 41.38 26.46 31.38 13.08 12.02 38.77 20.94 1jj.69 00 18.55 -21.78 0.99 12-3 8.7 -4.24 -15.55 9.46 0.00 16.59 9.81 13.88 5.54 7.36 ¦34.02 18.07 -4.4 17.2 2.01 12.48 -20.07 5.10 -2.94 -2.33 -0.04 -1.77 -9.19 -4.69 -2.39 0.00 4.59 -11.96 -0.37 -6.56 4.47 -0.09 -0.92 -2.89 3.57 0.14 -5.59 0.62 19.6 8.8 46.8 23.6 37.0 71.2 n5'9 87.0 0.0 8.0 -I6.3 38.4 84.6 35.8 17.9 34.0 11.0 23.5 13-6 26.2 4.3 21.0 202.3 988.9 232.3 894.6 1849.2 287.1 1515.0 0.0 72.7 57.9 649.7 427.9 470.8 622.4 952.2 688.5 754.0 183.1 891.1 500.7 24.4 ¦13.0 0.5 10.8 6.4 -1.6 ¦12.9 6.6 0.0 13.2 9.7 27.5 4.9 6.2 ¦ 18.0 18.0 -2.6 13.3 1.9 7.2 -15.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 13-93 151 - 250 20 19.82 251 - 350 54 29.70 MORE THAN 350 44 32.07 24.75 26.62 29.61 27.31 6.75 0.24 13.28 6.19 2.68 0.41 1.70 15.6 20.6 33.3 29.8 459.8 562.7 674.3 571.8 5.4 0.2 10.1 4.7 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 55 58 12 14.13 19.26 34.63 31.02 24.4 23.6 31.8 20.9 6.69 10.56 8.12 -2.86 -3.70 2.08 0.35 -1.08 15.4 21.0 • 3 1.9 3? K:Z 738.2 518.0 5.1 10.4 5.0 -2.7 ALL VEHICLES 150 25.87 27.66 8.00 -0.02 27-1 584.8 6.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 150 CO FAILURES: 150 FAILURE RATE: 100.0$ # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.68 0.7 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.58 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.08 0.9 CHEVROLET 30 1.94 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.77 0.6 DODGE 7 1.76 0.7 FIAT 1 1.53 0.0 FORD 35 1.47 0.5 HONDA 1 2.79 0.0 JEEP 3 1.83 0.4 LINCOLN 2 1.31 0.0 MERCURY 7 1.72 0.7 OLDSMOBILE k 1.51 0.6 PLYMOUTH 6 1.88 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.29 0.7 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.05 0.3 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.03 1.0 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.3 34.19 17."' 37. 54.14 40.39 47.38 23-91 43-71 17.52 29.17 17.09 23.49 30.20 49.62 27.60 3°. 48. 36.02 30.47 26.55 41.31 18.5 0.0 16.1 33.9 23-9 20.2 11.0 21.3 0.0 11.9 0.0 7.7 6.9 34.7 11.9 11.1 14.1 0.0 6.4 12.9 8.2 505.8 311.5 578.9 765.2 546. 3 639.6 335.9 408.6 654. 316. 671.6 868.1 687.9 590.5 555.6 587.5 348.7 402.7 66.6 36.3 82.4 0.0 92.3 76.5 124.4 66.9 78.4 79.1 0.0 157.6 0.0 35.7 19.6 77.1 76.2 102.6 99.4 0.0 41.2 25.9 40.7 1.75 .27 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 l!^ 1.34 .17 2.09 .39 1.50 .64 0.94 0.00 1.68 .54 1.95 0.00 2.96 .91 2.07 .19 1.72 1.04 1.72 .72 1.85 .83 1.57 .97 1.40 0.00 2.09 .68 0.96 .69 2.02 .41 15.9 25.6 14.2 10.4 15.0 12.4 24.3 14.0 20.1 13.3 25.2 12.5 9.7 11.7 14.1 14.8 13.5 21.5 19.6 21.5 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.06 151 - 250 20 1.77 251 - 350 54 1.76 MORE THAN 350 44 1.58 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 29.89 13.0 32.54 17.2 36.48 21.3 39-35 20.5 373.5 491.2 588.3 735.1 56.3 64.2 58.0 100.7 1.61 1.85 .61 .51 .62 .79 21.2 16.4 13.8 11.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 2.03 0.9 30.34 55 1.77 0.7 29.05 58 1.72 °-Z 43.08 12 1.60 0.0 37.82 13-4 357.2 51.7 1 - 55 .66 16.3 539.1 88.3 1.78 .62 20.6 653.3 108.5 1.53 .71 23.2 784.5 82.0 1.82 .59 21.9 15.4 12.5 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.78 0.7 35.39 19.2 572.6 150.3 1.65 .67 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 150 CO FAILURES: 150 FAILURE RATE: 100.0? # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.36 0.4 -0.75 11.3 -21.5 38.2 0.54 .63 0.9 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 5.80 0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.37 0.00 -0.7 BUICK 6 1.19 0.7 25.09 16.3 -31.8 18.0 0.01 .40 -0.3 CADILLAC 4 0.91 1.1 4.27 11.2 -21.6 21.3 0.16 .41 0.1 CHEVROLET 30 0.87 0.9 20.77 20.2 -23.6 44.4 0.19 .38 -0.3 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63-35 9-9 -38.6 44.1 -0.05 .22 -1.0 DATSUN 5 -0.13 0.4 6.27 9-7 1.4 46.8 -0.28 .50 -1.1 DODGE 7 2.05 1.2 35-68 19-9 -46.5 45.6 0.16 .47 -0.3 FIAT 1 -0.22 0.0 -4.96 0.0 35.1 0.0 0.14 0.00 -1.1 FORD 35 0.21 0.5 2.16 7.4 -45-7 59-5 0.32 .60 0.6 HONDA 1 -0.36 0.0 1.26 0.0 41.3 0.0 0.21 0.00 -2.7 JEEP 3 0.87 0.3 11-69 8.2 -14.9 33.6 0.38 .79 -0.1 LINCOLN 2 2.11 2.7 10.65 1.1 36.9 3.2 0.12 .36 -0.6 MERCURY 7 0.79 1.3 10.41 23.1 -57-9 64.8 0.14 .39 0.5 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.43 0.7 15-09 9-6 -22.7 23-3 -0.44 .83 -0.0 PLYMOUTH 6 0.77 0.9 21-58 18.1 -33-6 24.0 0.41 .57 -0.1 PONTIAC 7 0.28 0.9 17.58 22.9 -7.8 32.1 -0.07 .79 -0.4 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 16.47 0.0 -42.3 0.0 0.29 0.00 0.8 TOYOTA 6 0.31 0.7 4.16 6.1 -9.5 15.6 0.04 .46 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.48 0.4 16.77 19.4 0.3 13-4 0.12 .44 -1.3 TOYOTA 6 0.31 0.7 4.16 6.1 -9.5 15.6 0.04 .46 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.48 0.4 16.77 19.4 0.3 13-4 0.12 .44 -1.3 VOLVO 2 0.09 0.5 10.94 4.6 -21.3 9-7 -0.34 .27 0.1 38.2 0.0 18.0 0.54 -0.37 0.01 .63 0.00 .40 27.3 44.4 44.1 0.16 0.19 -0.05 .41 • 38 .22 46.8 45.6 0.0 -0.28 0.16 0.14 0.00 59.5 0.0 33.6 0.32 0.21 0.38 .60 0.00 .79 6 3:1 23-3 0.12 0.14 -0.44 .36 24.0 32.1 0.0 0.41 -0.07 0.29 .57 .79 0.00 15.6 13.4 9-7 0.04 0.12 -0.34 .46 .44 .27 *DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.33 0.6 9-79 10.9 -3.7 22.2 0.11 .39 -0.7 151 - 250 20 0.45 0.9 12.59 16.3 -34.7 58.6 -0.01 .46 0.4 251 - 350 54 0.77 1.0 15.29 20.6 -26.3 41.4 0.25 .43 0.0 MORE THAN 350 44 0.83 1.0 14.90 22.8 -44.2 51.3 0.14 .78 0.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 O.32 0.6 9-56 12.0 -1.1 24.1 2800 - 3799 55 0.45 0.9 9-33 15.3 -26.3 50.5 3800 - 4799 58 0.91 1.0 20.15 23.9 -43.1 45.4 4800 - 5799 12 1.04 1.2 10.45 12.4 -17.2 35.5 0.11 • 37 -0.9 0.22 .55 0.3 0.14 •§5 0.0 0.01 .85 -0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.65 0.9 13-64 19.1 -27-9 46.0 0.15 .55 -0.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE AVERAGE VALUE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 150 CO FAILURES: 150 FAILURE RATE: 100.0> # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 17.73 10.08 42.82 30.3? 31.04 57.65 53^ -17.23 12.51 -14.67 32.06 61.74 31.50 22.31 29.08 10.96 16.43 13.08 19.03 4.00 -2.23 24.65 40.02 7.31 33.97 57.21 20.79 44.94 -39.52 6.90 6.89 33.23 26.08 17.33 35.35 41.38 26.46 31.38 12.02 38.71 20.94 23.59 -21.78 0.99 11.48 -4.24 -15.55 9.46 13.28 15.91 9-81 11.29 5.54 7. 36 -34.02 18.07 -4.43 17.24 2.01 11.36 -20.07 5.28 15*I -32.4 -2.94 8.8 202.3 -2.33 46.8 988.9 1.33 36.8 173.1 -2.37 33.6 799.5 -9.19 71.2 1849 - 2 -4.69 -5.9 287.1 -2.3? 87.0 1515.0 -6.04 -7.8 -172.5 4.56 8.1 83.4 -11.96 -16.3 57.9 -0.59 39.6 535.1 -6.56 84.6 427.9 4.47 35.8 470.8 -0.09 17.9 622.4 -0.92 34.0 952.2 -2.89 11.0 688.5 3.57 23.5 754.0 0.14 13.6 183-1 -6.55 21.8 767.7 0.62 4.3 500.7 23.5 -13.0 0.5 6.4 VI -12.9 6.6 5.0 12.3 9-7 17.2 4.9 6.2 -18.0 18.0 -2.6 13-3 1*3 5.6 -15.5 *DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 13.89 20 20.45 54 30.25 44 34.59 24.67 6.47 27-90 -0.56 29.53 14.46 27.47 7.07 -3.52 14.5 2.43 19.6 0.08 31.4 1.91 30.6 425.9 4.8 545.0 -0.4 621.2 10.2 546.8 5.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 13.61 23.96 6.89 -4.10 13-9 414.0 5.0 2800 - 3799 55 20.34 24.31 11.10 1.71 19.5 403.6 9-6 3800 - 4799 58 34.63 31.87 8.12 0.35 33.3 738.2 5.0 4800 - 5799 12 39.44 21.66 0.66 -0.22 42.5 426.9 0.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 26.88 27-82 8.54 -0.21 26.3 549.2 6.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 9 CO FAILURES: 9 FAILURE RATE: 10.0$ # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 2.04 0.9 AUDI 1 2.50 0.0 BUICK 6 2.77 1.0 CADILLAC 4 2.46 0.7 CHEVROLET 30 2.42 1.2 CHRYSLER 4 3.06 2.0 DATSUN 5 1.64 0.3 DODGE 7 3.21 1.8 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.63 0.5 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 JEEP 3 2.70 0.6 LINCOLN 2 3.41 2.7 MERCURY 7 2.01 0.7 OLDSMOBILE 6 1.94 1.1 PLYMOUTH 6 2.65 1.0 PONTIAC 7 2.44 1.1 PORSCHE 1 3.13 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.36 0.8 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.51 1.1 VOLVO 2 2.37 0.9 33-44 23.53 62.69 53-48 53.50 80.79 30.18 64.06 12.56 30.88 18.35 35.18 40.85 54.15 42.69 52.15 60.67 52.49 34.63 43.33 52.25 22.8 0.0 18.6 37.4 31.2 58.4 14.0 27.4 0.0 15.2 0.0 14.7 8.0 26.5 16.0 20.2 24.9 0.0 4.7 32.2 12.8 478.3 311.7 547.0 96. 0. 82. 753.2 535.8 630.4 54. 120. 64. 337.3 m 44. 85. 0. 608.9 358.1 656.7 129. 0. 46. 905.0 650.5 567.9 16. 80. 80. 522.1 573.6 306.4 95. 104. 0. Pl:l 415.0 41. 34. 30. 2.29 .71 1.72 0.00 1.39 .32 1.51 .44 1.60 .64 1.31 .13 1.81 .38 1.58 .47 1.08 0.00 1.99 .71 2.16 0.00 3-33 1.31 2.20 .55 1.85 1.10 1.28 .27 2.25 1.26 1.41 .50 1.69 0.00 2.14 .34 1.08 .87 1.68 .14 16.8 24.9 13.9 10.5 14.7 11.7 23.2 13.7 19.0 14.0 22.5 12.4 9.1 12.1 14.1 14.7 13.4 22.3 19.6 20.1 17.6 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.27 1.0 38.70 20.9 369.6 50.1 1.69 .51 20.6 151 - 250 20 2.08 1.0 43.50 21.9 464.6 65.0 1.73 .47 16.6 251 - 350 54 2.34 1.1 46.89 29.5 569.8 58.6 1.72 .76 13.8 MORE THAN 350 44 2.17 1.1 48.63 28.4 696.1 92.8 1.95 .91 11.5 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2.26 1.0 39.29 22.2 356.0 47.7 1.63 .59 21.2 2800 - 3799 55 2.04 0.9 36.02 21.4 519-3 92.5 2.00 .83 15.6 3800 - 4799 58 2.37 1.2 56.17 29.4 617.5 85.1 1.64 .71 12.6 4800 - 5799 12 2.46 1.4 46.63 25.8 770.5 90.0 1.77 .63 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 2.24 1.1 45.20 26.6 550.1 138.5 1.78 .75 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 9 CO FAILURES: 9 FAILURE RATE: 10.0% # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 AUDI 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 BUICK 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 CADILLAC 4 0.53 1.1 4.94 2-9 -9.5 19.1 0.18 • 36 0.0 CHEVROLET 30 0.39 0.8 7.66 18.0 -13.1 33-6 0.04 .18 -0.0 CHRYSLER 4 1.17 1.5 29-95 35.4 -29.5 35.3 -0.02 .07 -0.4 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 DODGE 7 0.60 1.1 15.34 27.3 -24.2 45.9 0.07 .14 -0.1 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.05 0.3 0.45 2.7 0.1 0.4 0.01 .08 -0.0 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 MERCURY 7 0.50 1.3 5.88 15.6 -20.5 54.2 -0.00 .00 0.2 OLDSMOBILE b 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 PLYMOUTH 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 PONTIAC 7 0.13 0.3 5.79 15.3 6.1 16.1 0.09 .24 -0.3 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 0.13 0.14 0.22 0.24 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.97 1.63 4.87 5.62 3.8 0.2 0.6 0.04 .15 -0.1 7.3 -8.1 36.4 -0.02 .08 0.2 15.0 -7.9 24.2 0.02 .08 -0.0 17.1 -5.3 23.4 0.04 .15 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 0.09 2800 - 3799 55 0.17 3800 - 4799 58 0.26 4800 - 5799 12 0.18 0.5 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.62 2.36 7.06 1.65 3-1 8.9 19.0 5.7 0.1 0.6 0.03 .15 -0.1 -6.4 29.6 0.00 .08 0.0 -7.4 23.5 0.03 .12 -0.1 -3.2 11.0 0.06 .21 0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.19 0.6 3-83 13-3 -5.4 23.4 0.02 .12 -0.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 9 CO FAILURES : 9 FAILURE RATE: 10 .0% # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX. •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 AUDI 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 BUICK 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 CADILLAC 4 17.63 8.45 10.68 0.01 49.7 465.6 17.0 CHEVROLET 30 13-95 12.53 2.73 -0. 12 36.4 711.2 4.2 CHRYSLER 4 27.64 27.05 -1.73 -3.16 74.6 1909.7 -1.4 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 DODGE 7 15.67 19.32 4.33 -0.39 49.4 1270.0 5.9 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 FORD 35 3-12 1.44 0.66 -0.26 7.2 61.8 1.8 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 JEEP 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 MERCURY 7 19.94 9.80 -0.09 1 .28 55.7 654.1 -0.2 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 PLYMOUTH 6 -0..00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 PONTIAC 7 5.02 8.71 6.00 -1.99 13.1 586.8 9.1 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 5.41 6.32 8.43 9.82 2.45 3.62 9.41 10.36 2.17 -1.07 1.16 1.88 -0.50 0.98 -0.16 -0.63 16.6 18.5 2l't 125.0 214.8 532.5 637.6 4.8 -2.4 2.2 4.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 3.92 1.54 - 3799 - 4799 55 58 7.88 9.82 6.15 11.16 - 5799 12 6.65 3.41 1.77 0.18 1.97 3.28 -0.38 0.31 -0.69 0.00 12.4 21.7 26.9 21.7 82.6 292.6 735.6 203.1 3.9 0.5 3.4 7.4 ALL VEHICLES 150 7.94 7.81 1.32 -0.19 22.6 447.5 2.8 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 21 CO FAILURES: 20 FAILURE RATE: 19.3% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 2.00 0.9 AUDI 1 2.50 0.0 BUICK 6 2.77 1.0 CADILLAC 4 2.48 0.7 CHEVROLET 30 2.21 1.0 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.64 0.3 DODGE 7 2.86 1.9 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.63 0.5 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 JEEP 3 2.70 0.6 LINCOLN 2 3.41 2.7 MERCURY 7 2.01 0.7 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.69 0.8 PLYMOUTH 6 2.72 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.59 1.2 PORSCHE 1 3.13 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.36 0.8 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.25 0.8 VOLVO 2 2.37 0.9 32.77 23.53 62.69 52.24 5 30.18 56.05 12.56 30.88 18.35 35.18 40.85 54.15 38.47 50.65 62.35 52.49 34.63 29.43 52.25 21.7 0.0 18.6 35.7 27.7 20.2 14.0 23.3 0.0 15.2 0.0 14.7 8.0 26.5 12.7 in o.o 12.8 478.3 96.8 311.7 0.0 547.0 82.2 753.7 53.6 539.0 122.0 639.6 66.9 44.3 92.3 443.8 0.0 337.3 563.4 608.9 129.3 358.1 0.0 656.7 46.2 905.0 16.4 650.5 80.9 570.8 77.6 526.7 86.9 572.7 104.9 306.4 0.0 2.29 .71 1.72 0.00 1.39 .32 1.48 .39 1.56 .65 1.34 .17 1.81 .38 1.45 .54 1.08 0.00 1.99 .71 2.16 0.00 3.33 1.31 2.20 .55 1.85 1.10 1.28 .27 2.19 1.30 1.37 .54 1.69 0.00 393-3 41.9 371.2 28.0 415.0 30.9 2.14 1.08 1.68 ¦a 16.8 24.9 13.9 10.5 14.9 12.4 23.2 13.8 19.0 14.0 22.5 12.4 9.1 12.1 14.2 14.6 13.4 22.3 19.6 20.9 17.6 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 2.21 0.8 2.08 1.0 2.17 1.0 2.06 1.0 35.75 42.75 43.06 45.48 16.1 369.8 50.3 21.4 466.0 63.2 26.4 573.8 58.4 22.0 697.0 92.4 1.67 .54 20.8 1.72 .48 16.6 1.68 .79 13.8 1.95 .90 11.6 ~INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 2.20 0.9 36.34 - 3799 - 4799 55 2.06 0.9 35.58 58 2.11 1.0 50.09 - 5799 12 2.47 1.4 46.22 16.4 356.1 47.8 1.64 .57 21.4 21.3 519.7 91.6 1.98 .84 15.6 23.4 622.0 83.0 1.61 .72 12.7 25.0 770.7 89-9 1.76 .63 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 2.13 1.0 42.17 22.6 552.0 138.6 1.76 .75 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 21 CO FAILURES: 20 FAILURE RATE: 19-3% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.05 0.1 0.67 2.0 AUDI 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 BUICK 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 CADILLAC 4 0.51 1.1 6.17 9.3 CHEVROLET 30 0.60 0.9 12.79 21.2 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63-35 9.9 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 DODGE 7 0.95 1.2 23.35 30.2 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.05 0.3 0.45 2.7 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 MERCURY 7 0.50 1.3 5.88 15.6 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.25 0.7 4.22 11.9 PLYMOUTH 6 -0.07 0.2 1.50 3.7 PONTIAC 7 -0.01 0.6 4.11 16.6 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.25 0.4 13-90 21.5 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -10.0 -16.3 -38.6 0.0 -36.7 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 -20.5 -2.9 -4.7 7.1 0.0 0.0 -4.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 18.7 36.4 44.1 ¦ 0.0 50.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 54.2 8.3 11.4 15.9 0.0 0.0 7.9 0.0 ¦0.00 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.08 ¦0.05 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00 ¦ 0.00 0.06 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 .01 0.00 0.00 .35 .23 .22 0.00 • 35 0.00 .08 0.00 0.00 0.00 .00 .00 .16 .25 0.00 0.00 • 33 0.00 -0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.0 -0.2 -1 .0 0.0 -0.1 0.0 -0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 -0. 1 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 -0.8 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 0.19 0.14 0.38 0.35 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.9 3.92 2.38 8.71 8.77 10.5 -0.1 4.3 0.05 .20 -0.3 7.5 -9.5 36.7 -0.00 .12 0.2 19.2 -11 -9 28.6 0.06 .18 -0.1 21.3 -6.2 25.3 0.04 .17 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 0.16 0.5 3.56 11.0 -0.0 - 3799 - 4799 55 0.16 0.7 2.80 9.5 -6.Q 58 0.52 0.9 13.13 24.0 -11.8 - 5799 12 0.17 0.6 2.06 5.7 -3.3 4.8 2Q.8 28.9 11.0 0.02 .19 -0.3 0.02 .12 0.0 0.06 .20 -0.2 0.07 .21 -0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.30 0.8 6.86 17-3 -7.4 25.9 0.04 .17 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 21 CO FAILURES: 20 FAILURE RATE: 19.3? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH '6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 2.24 0.00 0.00 17.12 21.28 57.65 0.00 25.00 0.00 3.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.94 12.65 -2.6 -0.5 0.00 0.00 10.13 0.00 2.01 0.00 0.00 10.57 20.92 57.21 0.00 29.40 0.00 1.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.80 9.89 2.87 6.19 0.00 0.00 32.08 0.00 -0.11 0.00 0.00 12.28 4.90 -4.24 0.00 12.44 0.00 0.66 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.09 -0.06 2.84 8.84 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 -0.22 0.00 0.00 -0.14 -1.21 -9.19 0.00 -0.53 0.00 -0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.28 -0.79 0.65 -1.68 0.00 0.00 -3.97 0.00 5.4 0.0 0.0 32.4 45.2 71.2 0.0 66.9 0.0 7.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 55.7 28.1 -7.0 -1.2 0.0 0.0 19.8 0.0 79.0 0.0 0.0 391. 965. 1849.2 0.0 1641.6 0.0 61.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 654.1 484.0 147.2 342.5 0.0 0.0 1081.7 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.0 13.1 6.1 -1.6 0.0 14.5 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 6.3 11.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 151 350 32 20 54 44 7.88 6.29 14.97 14.56 9.89 5.28 16.82 16.16 2.76 -0.01 3.27 1.86 -1.50 1.05 -0.55 ¦1.19 20.5 14.9 34.5 32.0 426.7 255.2 785.9 799.2 5.2 -0.0 5.1 3.4 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 55 58 12 1 6.72 7.25 8.93 7.29 20.77 4.26 1.42 1.21 3.58 3.77 -1.40 0.23 -1.51 -0.05 18. 17. 41. 17. 411.8 302.6 1058.2 209.6 2.7 2.6 4.8 7.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 12.30 14.00 2.30 -0.73 28.7 658.9 4.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 36 CO FAILURES: 36 FAILURE RATE: 30.0* # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 2.00 0.9 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 2.43 0.6 CADILLAC 4 2.48 0.7 CHEVROLET 30 2.01 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.64 0-3 DODGE 7 2.72 2.0 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.62 0.5 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 JEEP 3 2.31 0.5 LINCOLN 2 3.41 2.7 MERCURY 7 2.01 0.7 OLDSMOBILE 0 1.69 0.6 PLYMOUTH 6 2.13 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.24 0.7 PORSCHE 1 3.13 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.36 0.8 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.25 0.8 VOLVO 2 2.37 0.9 MPG MEAN 32.77 17.73 56.44 52.24 42.82 47.38 30.18 52.15 12.56 30.57 18.35 29.52 40.85 54.15 38.47 8 . .01 9.42 52.49 34.63 29.43 52.25 21.7 0.0 14.9 35.7 23.7 20.2 14.0 27.2 0.0 15.1 0.0 8.6 8.0 26.5 12.7 10.9 10.7 0.0 i?:i 12.8 478.3 96.8 311.5 0.0 551.5 89.4 753-7 53.6 543.6 121.7 639.6 66.9 337.3 569.2 443.8 44.3 91.3 0.0 611.0 130.7 358.1 0.0 653.4 40.5 905.0 16.4 650.5 80.9 570.8 77.6 541.4 586.7 306.4 0.0 ft 89.8 94.9 393.3 41.9 1.2 28.0 15.0 30.9 2.29 .71 2.09 0.00 1.36 .33 1.48 .39 1.48 .61 1.34 .17 1.81 .38 1.43 .54 1.08 0.00 1.99 .71 2.16 0.00 2.91 1.10 2.20 .55 1.85 1.10 1.28 .27 2.09 1.36 1.57 .98 1.69 0.00 2.14 1.08 1.68 16.8 25.6 14.0 10.5 15.0 12.4 23.2 13.8 19.0 14, 22. 12. 9.1 12.1 14.2 14.9 13.5 22.3 19.6 20.9 17.6 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.18 0.8 34.20 151 - 250 20 1.99 1.0 40.03 251 - 350 54 2.00 0.9 39.07 MORE THAN 350 44 1.94 0.9 42.81 14.3 19.6 23.8 18.5 371.4 466.6 578.1 700.7 50.4 1.66 63.1 1.72 56.9 1.60 90.4 1.99 .56 .49 .73 .93 20.8 16.8 13.9 11.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2.16 0.9 34.34 14.2 358.3 2800 - 3799 55 1.95 0.8 33-29 19-9 521.9 3800 - 4799 58 1.97 0.9 46.23 20.0 626.5 4800 - 5799 12 2.30 1.2 43.09 21.7 772.9 ALL VEHICLES 150 2.02 0.9 39.25 20.0 555.1 138.9 1.74 .75 15.1 48.6 1.62 •^9 21.4 92.0 1.95 .80 15.7 82.1 1.61 .75 12.7 86.9 1.74 .64 10.6 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 36 CO FAILURES: 36 FAILURE RATE: 30.0$ # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.05 0.1 0.67 2.0 0.0 0.1 -0.00 .01 -0.0 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 5.80 0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.37 0.00 -0.7 BUICK 6 0.35 0.8 6.24 15.3 -4.5 11.0 0.04 .09 -0.1 CADILLAC 4 0.51 1.1 6.17 9.3 -10.0 18.7 0.21 • 35 -0.0 CHEVROLET 30 0.80 0.9 18.34 21.5 -21.1 37.1 0.16 .27 -0.3 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63.35 9.9 -38.6 44.1 -0.05 .22 -1.0 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 DODGE 7 1.09 1.2 27.25 28.3 -42.6 47.3 0.22 • 35 -0.1 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.06 0.3 0.76 3.2 -2.0 12.2 0.01 .08 -0.0 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.39 0.7 5.66 9.8 3.3 5.7 0.42 .73 -0.2 LINCOLN 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 MERCURY 7 0.50 1.3 5.88 15.6 -20.5 54.2 -0.00 .00 0.2 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.25 0.7 4.22 11.9 -2.9 8.3 -0.00 .00 -0.1 PLYMOUTH 6 0.52 1.0 15.14 22.0 -19.3 30.1 0.17 • 30 -0.2 PONTIAC 7 0.33 0.9 17.04 22.6 -7.0 30.9 -0.07 .79 -0.3 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.25 0.4 13.90 21.5 -4.3 7.9 0.00 .33 -0.8 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT 151 - 250 251 - 350 151 32 0.22 0.6 5.48 11*3 -1.7 8.0 0.06 .23 -0.4 20 0.23 0.7 5.10 13.8 -10.1 36.6 -0.00 . 12 0.1 54 0.55 0.9 12.70 20.3 -16.2 31.0 0.13 .28 -0.1 350 44 0.47 0.9 11.44 22.4 -9.9 28.1 -0.00 • 32 -0.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 0.20 0.5 5.56 2800 - 3799 55 0.26 0.8 5.09 "800 - 4799 58 0.66 0.9 16.99 800 - 5799 12 0.34 0.8 5.18 12.0 -2.2 9.0 0.04 .23 -0.4 12.6 -9.0 31.5 0.06 .22 -0.0 24.4 -16.3 31.1 0.06 .34 -0.2 11.7 -5.6 12.8 0.09 .21 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.41 0.8 9.78 18.8 -10.4 28.0 0.06 .27 -0.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 36 CO FAILURES: 36 FAILURE RATE: 30.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 2.24 AUDI 1 10.08 BUICK 6 12.46 CADILLAC 4 17-12 CHEVROLET 30 28.48 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 DATSUN 5 0.00 DODGE 7 28.56 FIAT 1 0.00 FORD 35 3-83 HONDA 1 0.00 JEEP 3 14.35 LINCOLN 2 0.00 MERCURY 7 19-94 OLDSMOBILE Q 12.65 PLYMOUTH 6 19.60 PONTIAC 7 12.87 PORSCHE 1 0.00 TOYOTA 6 0.00 VOLKSWAGON 5 10.13 VOLVO 2 0.00 2.01 24.65 9-96 10.57 29.99 57.21 0.00 34.32 0.00 2.43 0.00 16.10 0.00 9.80 9.89 29. , 25.61 0.00 0.00 32.08 0.00 -0.11 -21.78 2.65 12.28 9.78 -4.24 0.00 13.22 0.00 0.55 0.00 12.56 0.00 -0.09 -0.06 7.48 -4.87 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 -0.22 -2.94 -0.67 -0.14 -1.95 -9.19 0.00 -0.65 0.00 -0.09 0.00 -1.59 0.00 1.28 -0.79 -1.39 -2.62 0.00 0.00 -3.97 0.00 5.4 8.8 36.9 32.4 47.2 71.2 0.0 66.4 0.0 8.4 0.0 32.7 0.0 55.7 28.1 34.3 16.2 0.0 0.0 19.8 0.0 79.0 202.3 667.6 391.7 1080.3 1849.2 0.0 1665.0 0.0 98.7 0.0 477.9 0.0 554.1 184.0 )98.3 536.0 0.0 0.0 1081.7 0.0 -0.3 -13.0 3.9 13.1 9.5 -1.6 0.0 13.3 0.0 1 .4 0.0 35.3 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 11.1 -3.6 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 9.13 13-82 3-43 -1 -74 20.2 507.0 5-5 151 -250 20 10.15 11.31 -0.21 0.34 22.3 505.7 -0.4 251 - 350 54 21.58 24.53 7.63 -0.90 40.2 926.1 9.7 MORE THAN 350 44 19-39 21.09 -0.05 -1.32 36.9 904.8 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 8.34 13-93 2.30 -1.69 18.3 518.2 3-6 2800 - 3799 55 11.88 13.2b 2.99 -0.06 25.5 492.6 5.8 3800 - 4799 58 25-12 26.88 3.74 -1.86 43-7 1125.7 4.1 4800 - 5799 12 12.99 10.73 4.78 -0.49 31.0 467.6 7.9 ALL VEHICLES 150 16.94 19-94 3-30 -1.05 33-5 795-0 4.8 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 50 CO FAILURES: 50 FAILURE RATE: 40.0$ it OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN 2 MERCURY 7 OLDSMOBILE 8 PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 1.86 2.2S 2.18 3.41 1.84 1.60 0.8 0.0 0.4 2.48. 0.7 1.97 0.9 1.79 0.9 1.64 0.3 2.37 1.8 1.31 0.0 1.62 0.5 2.44 0.0 2.31 0.5 U 0.6 2.03 1.1 2.23 0.7 2.62 0.0 2.36 0.8 2.25 0.8 2.37 0.9 30.72 17.73 52.98 52.24 41.55 47.38 30.18 47.20 12.56 29.63 18.35 29.52 40.85 49.43 37.32 34.09 47.70 36.02 34.63 29.43 52.25 18.8 0.0 11.4 35.7 23.2 20.2 14.0 26.4 0.0 13.4 0.0 8.6 8.0 26.1 10.4 9. 13. 0.0 4.7 11.4 12.8 485.1 98.1 311.5 0.0 556.8 91.9 753.7 53.6 545.3 121.7 639.6 66.9 337.3 574.3 443.8 613.5 358.1 653.4 44.3 78.9 0.0 131.4 0.0 40.5 905.0 16.4 658.5 80.7 574.3 77.4 546.8 584.8 348.7 0.0 IU 393.3 41.9 371.2 28.0 415.0 30.9 2.17 .74 2.09 0.00 1.30 .36 1.48 .39 1.47 .62 1.34 .17 1.81 .38 1.52 .66 1.08 0.00 1.94 -68 2.16 0.00 2.91 1.10 2.20 .55 1.73 .92 1.27 .27 2.05 1.38 1.57 .97 1.40 0.00 2.14 .34 1.08 .63 1.68 .14 16.8 25.6 14.0 10.5 15.0 12.4 23.2 13.8 19.0 13.9 22.5 12.6 9.1 12.1 14.2 14.9 13.6 21.5 19.6 20.9 17.6 ~DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.16 0.8 33.29 13-7 jjjf3-0 151 - 250 20 1.89 0.7 37.41 17.6 463.9 251 - 350 54 1.92 0.9 37.63 22.8 582.3 MORE THAN 350 44 1.87 0.8 41.14 17.4 704.9 48.8 1.65 .57 20.8 52.9 1.74 .50 16.9 56.1 1.56 .71 13.9 86.3 1.94 • 90 11.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2.14 0.9 33.19 13.3 360.3 47.0 2800 - 3799 55 1.88 0.7 31.33 17.8 526.3 94.3 38OO - 4799 58 1.88 0.8 44.58 19.2 628.4 81.3 4800 - 5799 12 2.30 1.2 43.09 21.7 772.9 86.9 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.96 0.8 37.70 18.9 557.8 138.7 1.71 .73 15.1 1.61 .60 21.4 1.89 .76 15.6 1.5? .76 12.8 1.74 .64 10.6 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 50 CO FAILURES: 50 FAILURE RATE: 40.0$ # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. N OX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 0.18 0.3 0.25 0.0 0.60 0.9 0.51 1.1 0.84 0.9 2.44 0.7 0.00 0.0 1.44 1.0 0.00 0.0 0.07 0.3 0.00 0.0 0.39 0.7 0.00 0.0 0.68 1.3 0.34 0.7 0.62 1.0 0.35 0.9 0.51 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.25 0.4 0.00 0.0 2.73 5.80 9.70 6.17 19.61 63-35 0.00 32.20 0.00 1.70 0.00 5.66 0.00 10.60 5.37 18.06 18.76 16.47 0.00 13.90 0.00 6.8 0.0 15.9 9-3 20.9 9.9 0.0 23.9 0.0 4.3 0.0 9.8 0.0 18.2 11.9 20.7 21.5 0.0 0.0 21.5 0.0 -6.8 0.3 -9.7 -10.0 -22.6 -38.6 0.0 -47.6 0.0 -4.5 0.0 3.3 0.0 -2J:§ -24.7 -5.0 -42.3 0.0 -4.3 0.0 21.9 0.0 15.1 18. 3S:, 0.0 44.2 0.0 28.5 0.0 5.7 0.0 54.8 11.9 28.8 31.8 0.0 0.0 7.9 0.0 0.12 .26 -0.37 0.00 0.09 .15 0.21 .35 0.18 .27 -0.05 .22 0.00 0.00 0.14 .48 0.00 0.00 0.06 .25 0.00 0.00 0.42 .73 0.00 0.00 0.12 .32 0.02 .05 0.20 .29 -0.07 .79 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 .33 0.00 0.00 0.0 -0.7 -0.1 -0.0 -0.3 -1 .0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 0.0 0.2 -0.1 -0.2 -0.4 0.8 0.0 ¦ 0.8 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 0.23 0.6 O.33 0.8 0.63 0.9 0.54 0.9 6.39 11.4 7.73 14.5 14.14 20.0 13.11 22.3 -3.3 -7.5 -20.4 -14.0 10.8 43.2 32.7 31.6 0.07 .23 -0.4 -0.02 .22 -0.1 0.18 .30 -0.1 0.05 .39 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 1800 - 4799 800 - 5799 25 3 12 0.22 0.34 0.74 0.34 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.8 6.72 7.05 18.65 5.18 12.1 13.4 23.8 11.7 -4.2 -13.5 -18.2 -5.6 12.1 38.6 31'2 12.8 0.06 0.12 0.08 0.09 .23 :13 .21 -0.4 0.0 ¦0.3 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.48 0.8 11.33 18.7 -13.1 31.2 0.09 .31 -0.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 50 CO FAILURES: 50 FAILURE RATE: 40.0% # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 8.80 AUDI 1 10.08 BUICK 6 21.50 CADILLAC 4 17.12 CHEVROLET 30 29.88 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 DATSUN 5 0.00 DODGE 7 37.75 FIAT 1 0.00 FORD 35 3.99 HONDA 1 0.00 JEEP 3 14.35 LINCOLN 2 0.00 MERCURY 7 26.92 OLDSMOBILE § 17.51 PLYMOUTH 6 23 PONTIAC 7 13 PORSCHE 1 16 .43 TOYOTA 6 0.00 VOLKSWAGON 5 10.13 VOLVO 2 0.00 8.15 24.65 15.48 10.57 32.06 57.21 0.00 40.55 0.00 5.42 0.00 16.10 0.00 17.65 12.58 34.64 28.23 31.38 0.00 32.08 0.00 5.40 -21.78 6.71 12.28 10.85 -4.24 0.00 8.31 0.00 3.10 0.00 12.56 0.00 6.49 1.24 8.91 -4.51 17.24 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.10 -2.94 -0.80 -0.14 -2.15 -9.19 0.00 -1.22 0.00 0.05 0.00 -1.59 0.00 1.29 -0.59 ¦1.32 -3.38 3.57 0.00 -3.97 0.00 14.5 8.8 45.7 32.4 45.2 71.2 0.0 69.6 0.0 7.5 0.0 32.7 0.0 60.7 32.0 8 .0 14.8 23.5 0.0 19.8 0.0 219.5 202.3 744.5 391.7 1054.6 1849.2' 0.0 1559.2 0.0 188.8 0.0 477.9 0.0 951.5 506.9 1022.7 801.7 754.0 0.0 1081.7 0.0 10.0 -13.0 7.2 13.1 9.6 -1.6 0.0 6.7 0.0 6.9 0.0 35.3 0.0 10.8 1.5 11.4 -2.9 13.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 xU\ 24.58 22.24 16.10 17.12 27.32 24.17 4.21 -1.26 10.09 2.64 -1.73 -0.69 -0.60 -1.09 19.2 26.^ 3^ ".2 526.4 626.1 893.3 936.0 6.0 -1.8 11.1 3.8 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 9.14 16.83 3-33 2800 - 3799 55 15.35 18.37 5.82 3800 - 4799 58 28.35 29.50 4.96 4800 - 5799 12 12.99 10.73 4.78 -1.68 17.3 541.1 4.5 0.06 27.6 571.7 9.5 -2.01 43.8 1098.2 4.9 -0.49 31.0 467.8 7.9 ALL VEHICLES 150 19.57 23.11 5.04 -1.05 33.9 806.8 6.5 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 61 CO FAILURES: 61 FAILURE RATE: 50.0% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS AUDI BUICK CADILLAC CHEVROLET CHRYSLER DATSUN DODGE FIAT FORD HONDA JEEP LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH PONTIAC PORSCHE TOYOTA VOLKSWAGON VOLVO 9 1.76 0.7 1 2.25 0.0 6 1.93 0.4 4 2.49 0.7 30 1.97 0.9 4 1.79 0.9 5 1.64 0-3 7 2.37 1.8 1 1.31 0.0 35 1 • 59 0.5 1 2.44 0.0 3 2.31 0.5 2 3.31 2.8 7 1.82 0.6 8 1.49 0.7 6 1.87 1.1 7 2.23 0.7 1 2.62 0.0 6 2.04 0-5 5 2.25 0.8 2 2.37 0.9 32.85 17.73 48.27 53.55 41.13 47.38 28.23 47.20 12.56 29.34 18.35 29.52 35.14 46.98 31.21 31.08 47.70 36.02 32.22 29.43 52.25 18.3 0.0 11.4 34.8 23.1 20.2 14.4 26.4 0.0 13.1 0.0 8.6 0.1 28.2 12.9 10.6 13-8 0.0 i?:l 12.8 488.6 96.7 311.5 0.0 563.7 96.6 752.5 53-1 547.5 120.8 639.6 66.9 335.7 46.6 574.3 78.9 443.8 0.0 617.8 128.5 358.1 0.0 653-4 40.5 885.4 44.1 664.2 79.8 577.4 73.7 553.6 102.0 584.8 94.8 348.7 0.0 396.0 42.4 371.2 28.0 415.0 30.9 1.93 .27 2.09 0.00 1.23 .30 1.46 .38 1.46 .62 1.34 .17 1.79 .35 1.52 .66 1.08 0.00 1.92 .69 2.16 0.00 2.91 1.10 2.26 .46 1.78 1.03 1.61 .78 1.82 1. 1. .83 57 .97 40 0.00 2.03 1.08 1.68 •M 16.5 25.6 14.0 10.5 15.0 12.4 23.6 13.8 19.0 13.8 22.5 12.6 9.3 12.1 14.3 14.9 13.6 21.5 19-7 20.9 17.6 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.10 0.8 151 - 250 20 1.84 0.8 251 - 350 54 1.88 0.9 MORE THAN 350 44 1.83 0.8 32.53 36.54 13.7 - 37.16 22.4 39.31 18.4 2I:| 584.4 54.6 705.5 83.2 1.63 1.70 1.53 1.96 .54 20.9 .53 16.7 .62 13.6 .86 11.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 5£ 12 2.07 1.82 1.84 2.26 0.8 0 0 1.3 I J 32.22 13.4 360.6 48.1 1.58 .57 21.5 1.03 17.6 531.5 94.2 1.81 .63 15.5 3.23 19.6 630.3 80.6 1.59 .77 12.8 40.76 22.7 769.3 82.5 1.95 .76 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.91 0.8 36.72 19.0 560.2 137.9 1.70 .69 15.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 61 CO FAILURES: 61 FAILURE RATE: 50.0$ # OF VEH. HC .MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.28 0.4 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 BUICK 6 0.84 0.9 CADILLAC 4 0.49 1.1 CHEVROLET 30 0.84 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 DATSUN 5 -0.00 0.0 DODGE 7 1.44 1.0 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.10 0.4 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.39 0.7 LINCOLN 2 0.11 0.2 MERCURY 7 O.7O 1.3 OLDSMOBILE 6 0.45 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 0.78 0.9 PONTIAC 7 0.35 0.9 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.31 0.5 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.25 0.4 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.0 0.60 5.80 14.42 4.86 20.03 63.35 1.95 32.20 0.00 2.00 0.00 5.66 5.71 13.05 11.49 21.07 .18.76 16.47 2.41 13.90 0.00 10.0 0.0 16.7 10.8 20.6 9.9 4.4 23.9 0.0 4.5 0.0 9.8 8.1 17.7 12.2 18.8 21.5 0.0 3.9 21.5 0.0 -10.3 0.3 -16.7 -8.8 -24.8 -38.6 4:1 0.0 -8.8 0.0 3.3 19.6 -34.2 -9.5 -31.6 -5.0 -42.3 -2.7 -4.3 0.0 23.1 0.0 18.9 19.8 37.2 44.1 0.0 37.6 0.0 5.7 27.7 53.4 16.4 26.5 31.8 0.0 4.3 7.9 0.0 0.36 .71 -0.37 0.00 0.17 .19 0.23 -33 0.18 .28 -0.05 .22 0.02 .04 0.14 .48 0.00 0.00 0.08 .26 0.00 0.00 0.42 .73 -0.06 0.07 -0.33 .09 ¦M 0.43 .54 -0.07 .79 0.29 0.00 0.11 .20 0.00 .33 0.00 0.00 0.2 -0.7 -0.1 -0.0 -0.3 -1.0 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.8 -0.1 -0.8 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.2 151 - 250 20 O.3 251 - 350 54 0.6 MORE THAN 350 44 0.5 0.6 7.14 11.2 -3-5 11.0 0.10 .24 -0.4 0.8 8.60 14.60 14.2 -18.1 54.4 0.02 .26 0.1 0.9 20.3 -22.4 32.4 0.21 .41 -0.0 0.9 14.94 21.9 -14.6 33.1 0.02 .58 -0.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 0.29 0.6 7.68 11*2 -4.5 - 3799 - 4799 55 58 0.39 0.78 0.8 0.9 7.35 20.00 13-8 23.3 -18.7 -20.1 - 5799 12 0.38 0.8 7.52 12.7 -2.0 12.3 43.0 31.3 18.3 0.09 .25 -0.5 0.20 .46 0.1 0.08 .36 -0.3 -0.12 • 75 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.53 0.8 12.31 18.7 -15.5 33.8 0.11 .43 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 61 CO FAILURES: 61 FAILURE RATE: 50.0% # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 13.93 AUDI 1 10.08 BUICK 6 30.42 CADILLAC 4 16.57 CHEVROLET 30 29.83 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 DATSUN 5 -0.05 DODGE 7 37.75 FIAT 1 0.00 FORD 35 5.82 HONDA 1 0.00 JEEP 3 14.35 LINCOLN 2 3.14 MERCURY 7 27.71 OLDSMOBILE 8 23.19 PLYMOUTH 6 29.33 PONTIAC 7 13.44 PORSCHE 1 16.43 TOYOTA 6 13.27 VOLKSWAGON 5 10.13 VOLVO 2 0.00 1.79 24.65 23.00 8.32 32.75 57.21 6.47 40.55 0.00 6.37 0.00 16.10 13-98 21.74 26.91 40.40 28.23 31.38 6.96 32.08 0.00 15.6 -21.7 11.90 13.37 11.22 -4.24 0.98 8.31 0.00 3.82 0.00 12.56 -2.96 3.82 ¦25.46 19.18 -4.51 17.24 5.16 0.19 0.00 1.45 -2.94 -0.96 -0.04 -1.83 -9.19 -1.62 -1.22 0.00 0.72 0.00 -1.59 -3.19 1.55 ¦1.31 -1.12 -3.38 3.57 -0.45 -3.97 0.00 20.2 8.8 54.3 23.6 42.1 71.2 -0.1 69.6 0.0 10.4 0.0 32.7 6.2 51.4 26.2 38.6 14.8 23.5 26.4 19.8 0.0 42.5 202.3 928.3 232.3 1004.0 1849.2 198.3 1559.2 0.0 211.8 0.0 477.9 328.1 964.7 669.1 1044.8 801.7 754.0 203.5 1081.7 0.0 25.5 -13-0 10.7 10.8 1*? 1.8 6.7 0.0 8.1 0.0 35.3 -3.7 5.2 -19.0 21.4 -2.9 13.3 9.3 0.2 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 12.18 16.Q1 26.45 24.13 18.01 19.05 28.21 27.53 5.57 1.11 12.11 1.23 -2.09 0.72 -0.29 -1.37 21.6 26.7 39.5 35.1 527.7 612.0 855.7 903.3 7.1 1.4 12.3 1.5 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 55 58 12 12.32 17.74 29.82 14.37 19.26 19.14 31.63 15.57 5.14 III -6.38 -2.14 0.87 -2.05 -1.33 20.4 29.1 42.2 24.0 540.8 544.3 1078.1 475.6 6.0 14.5 4.1 -7.4 ALL VEHICLES 150 21.62 25.10 5.87 -0.91 33.4 781.3 6.7 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 75 CO FAILURES: 75 FAILURE RATE: 59-3$ # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.76 0.7 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.72 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.49 0.7 CHEVROLET 30 1.99 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.71 0.4 DODGE 7 2.37 1.8 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.58 0.5 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 JEEP 3 2.05 0.1 LINCOLN 2 3-31 2.8 MERCURY 7 1.84 0.6 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.49 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 1.87 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.29 0.7 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 1.89 0.4 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.25 0.8 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.3 32.85 17.73 40.33 5? .55 , ~1'3 47.3 26.89 47.20 12.56 29.22 18.35 24.23 35.14 50.67 31.21 31.08 48.88 36.02 29.43 29.43 41.31 18.3 0.0 14.3 34.8 23.1 20.2 13.1 26.4 0.0 12.1 0.0 6.9 0.1 35.1 12.9 10.6 14.1 0.0 5.2 11.4 8.2 488.6 96.7 311.5 0.0 565.5 94.6 752.5 53-1 546.6 120.9 639.6 66.9 349.9 m 74.8 78.9 0.0 620.6 130.1 358.1 0.0 671.1 36.6 885.4 44.1 679.4 92.2 577.4 73.7 553.6 102.0 587.5 99.4 346.7 0.0 402.2 38.8 1.2 28.0 36.3 40.7 8 1.93 .27 2.09 0.00 1.32 .52 1.46 .38 1.46 .63 1.34 .17 1.99 .45 1.52 .66 1.08 0.00 1.88 .69 2.16 0.00 2.87 1.04 2.26 .46 1.80 1.00 1.61 .78 1.82 .83 •1.57 .97 1.40 0.00 1.92 .44 1.08 .63 2.02 .41 16.5 25.6 14.4 10.5 15.0 12.4 23-2 13.8 19.0 13.8 22.5 12.4 9-3 11.8 14.3 14.9 13.5 21.5 19-7 20.9 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.06 0.8 30.84 151 - 250 20 1.80 0.8 33.82 251 - 350 54 1.89 0.2 37.31 MORE THAN 350 44 1.83 0.8 39-98 12.7 16.6 ?78.7 52.4 59.9 1.62 1.77 •55 .58 22.2 564.7 56.3 1.51 .62 20.3 709.9 86.3 1.95 .85 20.9 16.7 13.8 11.5 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2.02 0.8 2800 - 3799 55 1.80 0.7 3800 - 4799 58 1.86 0.6 4800 - 5799 . 12 2.20 1.2 31.16 29.55 43.94 40.35 13.2 16.4 20.9 22.7 362.5 535.0 632.0 775.0 48.9 92. 86.7 1.54 .56 21.5 1.85 .64 15.5 1.59 .77 12.7 1.88 .74 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.89 0.8 36.25 19.4 563.0 138.7 1.70 .70 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 75 CO FAILURES: 75 FAILURE RATE: 59-3? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.28 0.4 0.60 10.0 -10.3 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 5.80 0.0 0.3 BUICK 6 1.05 0.9 22.35 19-5 -18.5 CADILLAC 4 0.49 1.1 4.86 10.8 -8.8 CHEVROLET 30 0.82 0.9 19.79 20.9 -23.9 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63.35 9.9 -38.6 DATSUN 5 -0.07 0.2 3.29 4.6 -12.6 DODGE 7 1.44 1.0 32.20 23.9 -47.6 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 FORD 35 0.10 0.4 2.11 5.7 -11.6 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 JEEP 3 0.65 0.6 10.95 9.5 -14.4 LINCOLN 2 0.11 0.2 5.71 8.1 19.6 MERCURY 7 0.67 1.3 9.36 22.9 -49.4 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.45 0.7 11.49 12.2 -9.5 PLYMOUTH 6 0.78 0.9 21.07 18.8 -31.6 PONTIAC 7 0.28 0.9 17.58 22.9 -7.8 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 16.47 0.0 -42.3 TOYOTA 6 0.47 0.4 5.20 4.3 -8.9 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.25 0.4 13.90 21.5 -4.3 VOLVO 2 0.09 0.5 10.94 4.6 -21.3 23.1 0.0 17.4 lg.8 ?4.*1 8 .1 .2 0.0 38.9 0.0 33.9 27.7 57.2 16.4 26.5 32.1 0.0 14.3 7.9 9.7 0.36 .71 ¦0.37 0.00 0.07 .36 0.23 .33 0.19 .27 -0.05 .22 •0.18 .44 0.14 .48 0.00 0.00 0.12 .29 0.00 0.00 0.46 .69 -0.06 0.05 •0.33 • 0< 56 - 0.43 .54 -0.07 .79 0.29 0.00 0.22 .21 0.00 .33 -0.34 .27 0.2 -0.7 -0.5 -0.0 -0.3 -1.0 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.0 0.3 0.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.4 0.8 •0.1 -0.8 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 0.34 0.42 0.66 0.58 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 8.84 11-31 14.46 14.27 10.8 16.4 20.6 22.8 -7.1 -22.2 -22.8 -19.1 13.4 55.3 IU 0.10 -0.06 0.22 0.04 .28 • 59 -0.4 0.1 -0.0 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2800 - 3799 55 "800 - 4799 58 800 - 5799 12 0.34 0.41 O.76 0.44 0.6 0.8 0.9 0.8 8.74 8.63 19.29 7.92 11.5 15.0 24.2 12.5 -6.4 -22.2 -21.8 -7.7 13-8 43.4 33 • 6 26.4 0.12 0.16 0.08 ¦0.05 .26 .51 • 36 .79 -0.4 0.2 -0.2 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.54 0.9 12.78 19.1 -18.3 35.2 0.11 .45 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 75 CO FAILURES: 75 FAILURE RATE: 59-3$ # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO .NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 13.93 AUDI 1 10.08 BUICK 6 37.98 CADILLAC 4 16.57 CHEVROLET 30 29.22 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 DATSUN 5 -4.24 DODGE 7 37.75 FIAT 1 0.00 FORD 35 6.12 HONDA 1 0.00 JEEP 3 23.97 LINCOLN 2 3-14 MERCURY 7 26.60 OLDSMOBILE 8 23-19 PLYMOUTH 6 - 29.33 PONTIAC 7 10.96 PORSCHE 1 16.43 TOYOTA 6 19.74 VOLKSWAGON 5 10.13 VOLVO 2 4.00 1.79 24.65 35.66 8.32 32.36 57.21 10.91 40.55 0.00 6.73 0.00 31.12 13.98 15.59 26.91 40.40 26.46 31.38 15.02 32.08 20.94 15.6 -21.7 5.13 13.37 11.51 -4.24 -9.71 8.31 0.00 5.77 0.00 13.88 -2.96 2.66 -25.46 17.24 10.12 0.19 -20.07 1.4 t.h -0.04 -1.91 -9.19 0.24 -1.22 0.00 1.00 0.00 -0.37 -3.19 3.47 -1.31 -1.12 -2.89 3.57 -0.28 -3.97 0.62 20.2 8.8 58.3 23.6 40.1 71.2 -5.4 69.6 0.0 9.0 0.0 38.4 6.2 42.6 26.2 38.6 11.0 23.5 26.2 V3 42.5 202.3 1239.6 232.3 966.2 1849.2 256.3 1559.2 0.0 184.6 0.0 649.7 328.1 597.0 669.1 1044.8 688.5 754.0 293.5 1081.7 500.7 25.5 -13.0 4.0 10.8 -?:§ 0.0 10.1 0.0 27.5 -3.7 3.1 -19.0 21.4 -2.6 13-3 12.2 0.2 -15.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 14.06 18.97 26.03 24.18 22.27 25.06 27.93 26.31 5.91 -1.98 20.2 529.9 -3.35 0.75 27.1 727.6 12.80 -0.21 36.9 602.8 1.94 -0.82 33.2 812.9 6.1 -3-7 12.3 2.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 14.38 2800 - 3799 55 18.61 38OO - 4799 58 29.0 4800 - 5799 12 16.5 21.90 23.00 30.50 16.41 ,48 .09 4.56 -2.91 -2.13 1.07 -1.80 -0.83 20.9 26.5 39.5 25.7 538.7 566.2 997.1 464.7 7.7 10.4 3.9 -3.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 22.12 26.07 5.84 -0.72 31.2 740.5 6.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 94 CO FAILURES: 95 FAILURE RATE: 70.0% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.79 0.7 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.58 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.49 0.7 CHEVROLET 30 1.99 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.82 0.5 DODGE 7 1.76 0.7 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.55 0.5 HONDA 1 2.79 0.0 JEEP 3 2.05 0.1 LINCOLN 2 3-31 2.8 MERCURY 7 1.74 0.7 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.42 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 1.87 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.29 0.7 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 1.89 0.4 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.25 0.8 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.3 33.89 17."" 37. 53.55 25.74 43.71 12.56 29-35 17.09 24.23 29-14 31.08 48.88 36.02 29.43 29.4" 41.3 19.5 0.0 16.1 34.8 23.1 20.2 7.5 21.3 0.0 12.4 0.0 6.9 0.1 35.4 11.0 10.6 14.1 0.0 5.2 11.4 8.2 499.2 87.3 311.5 0.0 578.9 92.3 752.5 53.1 546.6 120.9 639-6 66.9 338.8 77.3 573.2 79.1 443.8 0.0 629.8 142.3 316.8 0.0 671.1 36.6 885.4 693.7 583.0 44.1 0.2 0.5 553.6 102.0 587.5 348.7 99.4 0.0 402.2 38.8 371.2 28.0 436.3 40.7 1.91 .27 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 1.46 .38 1.46 .63 1.34 .17 1.97 .42 1.50 .64 1.08 0.00 1.79 .62 1.95 0.00 2.87 1.04 2.26 .46 1.80 1.01 1.66 .75 1.82 .83 1.57 .97 1.40 0.00 1.92 .44 1.08 .63 2.02 .41 16.1 25.6 14.2 10.5 15.0 12.4 23.8 14.0 19.0 13-7 25.2 12.4 9*3 11.6 14.2 14.9 13.5 21.5 19.7 20.9 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.09 0.8 151 - 250 20 1.75 0.8 251 - 350 54 1.6o 0 MORE THAN 350 44 1.79 0 30.62 32.97 36.72 39.79 12.2 17.0 21.5 20.3 1J3:| 584.6 718.9 54.8 1.61 .54 63.3 1.78 .56 56.2 1.51 .62 92.6 1.89 .80 21.1 16.4 13.8 11.4 •INERTIA WEIGHT 3£ 4£ - 2799 25 2.05 0.8 30.88 - 3799 - 4799 55 58 1.79 1.77 0.7 0.6 29.16 43.61 - 5799 12 2.15 1.3 38.97 12.6 5 2 7 16 20 22 m fills 51.1 1-52 .54 21.8 90.1 1.84 .64 15.4 94.2 1.54 .71 12.6 81.0 1.91 .70 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.85 0.8 35.82 19.0 566.5 143.0 1.68 .67 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 94 CO FAILURES: 95 FAILURE RATE: 70.0% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.25 0.4 -0.45 10.6 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 5.80 0.0 BUICK 6 1.19 0.7 25.09 16.3 CADILLAC 4 0.49 1.1 4.86 10.8 CHEVROLET 30 0.82 0.9 19.79 20.9 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63-35 9.9 DATSUN 5 -0.19 0.3 4.44 9.9 DODGE 7 2.05 1.2 35.68 19-9 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.13 0.4 1.98 6.3 HONDA 1 -0. 38 0.0 1.26 0.0 JEEP 3 0.65 0.6 10.95 9.5 LINCOLN 2 0.11 0.2 5.71 8.1 MERCURY 7 0.77 1-3 11.29 22.5 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.52 0.6 13.56 11.3 PLYMOUTH 6 0.78 0.9 21.07 18.'8" PONTIAC 7 0.28 0.9 17.58 22.9 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 16.47 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.47 0.4 5.20 4.3 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.25 0.4 13.90 21.5 VOLVO 2 0.09 0.5 10.94 4.6 -20.9 0-3 -31.8 -8.8 ¦2M -38.6 -1.5 -46.5 0.0 -20.7 41.3 -14.4 19.6 -63.7 -15.1 -31.6 -7.8 -42.3 -8.9 -4.3 -21.3 36.0 0.0 18.0 2-8 8.1 4.1 46.3 45.6 0.0 49.8 0.0 33-9 27.7 55.2 20.0 26.5 32.1 0.0 14.3 7.9 9.7 0.38 .70 -0.37 0.00 0.01 .40 0.23 -33 0.19 .27 -0.05 .22 -0.16 .47 0.16 .47 0.00 0.00 0.20 .43 0.21 0.00 0.46 .69 -0.06 0.06 ¦0.37 • 0« 0.7 -0.7 -0.3 -0.0 -0.3 -1.0 -0.6 -0.3 0.0 0.3 -2.7 -0.0 -0.3 8 0.7 5 -0.1 0.43 .54 ¦0.07 .79 0.29 0.00 0.22 .21 0.00 .33 -0.34 .27 ,2 ,4 0.8 -0.1 -0.8 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 0.31 0.47 0.75 0.62 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.9 9.06 12.17 15.04 14.46 11.1 16.5 20.5 22.8 -4.1 -34.4 -22.6 -28.1 19.5 0.11 58.3 -0.06 34.q 0.23 43.4 0.10 .28 .67 -0.6 0.4 -0.1 0.0 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2800 - 3799 55 3800 - 4799 58 4800 - 5799 12 0.30 0.6 O.43 0.8 0.86 1.0 0.49 0.8 9.02 9.22 19.61 9-30 12.0 15.1 24.1 12.5 -2.6 21.0 46.2 0.14 0.16 -25.5 46.2 0.1 -28.8 39 - 3 0.1 -11.5 28.3 -0.0 ,26 .80 ¦0.7 0.2 -0.1 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.58 0.9 13-21 19-1 -21.9 39-9 0.13 -48 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 94 CO FAILURES: 95 FAILURE RATE: 70.0$ # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 12.47 -1.34 AUDI 1 10.06 24.65 BUICK 6 42.82 40.02 CADILLAC 4 16.57 8.32 CHEVROLET 30 29-22 32.36 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 DATSUN 5 -11.43 14.72 DODGE 7 53-86 44.94 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 FORD 35 7.85 6.31 HONDA 1 -14.67 6.89 JEEP 3 23.97 31.12 LINCOLN 2 3-14 13.98 MERCURY 7 30.74 18.81 OLDSMOBILE 8 26.92 31-75 PLYMOUTH 6 29-33 40.40 PONTIAC 7 10.96 26.46 PORSCHE 1 16.43 31-38 TOYOTA 6 19-74 15.02 VOLKSWAGON 5 10.13 32.08 VOLVO 2 4.00 20.94 16.58 -21.78 0.99 13.37 11.51 -4.24 -8.64 9.46 0.00 10.2 9-8 13-88 -2.96 3.06 -28.99 17.2 10.12 0.19 -20.07 3.98 -2-94 -2.33 -0.04 -1.91 -9-19 -2.65 -2.39 0.00 1.80 -11.96 -0.37 -3-19 5-31 -1.05 -1.12 -2.89 3-57 -0.28 -3-97 0.62 16.2 8.8 46.8 23.6 40.1 71 -2 -9-9 87-0 0.0 38.4 6.2 43-3 27-4 38.6 11.0 23-5 26.2 '2:1 -28.4 202.3 988.9 232.3 966.2 1849.2 235.7 1515.0 0.0 113-8 57-9 649-7 328.1 633-8 711-9 1044.8 688.5 754.0 293.5 1081.7 500.7 24.1 -13.0 0-5 10.8 9.2 -1.6 -8.3 6.6 0.0 11.8 9.7 27.5 -3.7 3.2 -19.5 21.4 -2.6 13-3 12.2 0.2 -15.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 12.83 22.82 6.47 -2.90 17.0 500.8 6.2 151 - 250 20 21.18 26.96 -3-54 2.54 24.9 643.9 -3.2 251 - 350 54 29.30 29.06 13.16 -0.42 38.6 777-3 11.8 MORE THAN 350 44 25-75 26.65 4.81 0.16 28.7 669-4 4.4 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 12.78 22.60 8.23 -3-28 16.7 500.5 7.6 2800 - 3799 55 19-42 24.02 8.20 1.59 24.8 531-3 9-5 3§00 - 4799 58 32.73 31-02 7.67 -1.17 37.6 857.0 5.6 4800 - 5799 12 18.40 19-27 -4.56 -0.60 26.5 508.3 -4.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 23-82 26.94 6.98 -0.57 29.4 671.3 6.4 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 109 CO FAILURES: 109 FAILURE RATE: 80.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.70 0.7 AUDI 1 2.2S 0.0 BUICK 6 1.58 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.49 0.7 CHEVROLET 30 1.99 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.77 0.6 DODGE 7 1.76 0.7 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.48 0.5 HONDA 1 2.79 0.0 JEEP 3 2.05 0.1 LINCOLN 2 3-31 2.8 MERCURY 7 1.74 0.7 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.48 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 1.87 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.29 0.7 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 1.89 0.4 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.25 0.8 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.3 33.08 17.73 37.60 53.55 ihll 23-91 43-71 12.56 29.02 17.09 24.23 35-14 49.16 27.98 31.08 48.88 36.02 29.47 29.43 41.31 19.8 0.0 16.1 34.8 23.1 20.2 11.0 21.3 0.0 12.1 0.0 6.9 0.1 35.3 11.6 10.6 14.1 0.0 i?:3 8.2 505.8 81.8 311.5 0.0 578.9 92.3 752.5 53-1 546.6 120.9 639.6 66.9 335.9 78.4 573.2 79.1 443.8 0.0 649.3 158.0 316.8 0.0 671.1 36.6 885.4 694.2 44.1 71.0 590.1 76.8 553.6 102.0 587.5 99.4 348.7 0.0 400.5 38.0 371.2 28.0 436.3 40.7 1.86 .26 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 1.46 .38 1.46 .63 1.34 .17 2.09 -39 1.50 .64 1.08 0.00 1.72 .57 1.95 0.00 2.87 1.04 2.26 .46 1.77 1.02 1.70 .72 1.82 .83- 1.57 .97 1.40 0.00 2.02 .64 1.08' .63 2.02 .41 15.9 25.6 14.2 10.5 15.0 12.4 24.3 14.0 19.0 13-4 25.2 12.4 9.3 11.6 14.1 . 14.9 13-5 21.5 19.8 20.9 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.08 0.8 30.16 12.6 151 - 250 20 1.75 0.8 32.97 17.0 251 - 350 54 1.60 0.7 36.44 21.6 MORE THAN 350 44 1.73 0.9 39-70 20.3 W' 55.4 1.62 n „ b3.3 1-78 587.6 52.7 1.50 733.3 99-9 1.86 ¦M .61 13.8 .79 11.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 800 - 4799 00 - 5799 n 25 55 58 12 2.04 1.77 1.73 2.15 0.8 0.7 0.6 1.3 30.5 28.9 43.39 38.97 13.2 357.7 51.2 1.57 .62 16.4 540.5 89.1 1.81 •63 20.3 650.8 107.5 1.52 .68 22.7 778.8 81.0 1.91 .70 21.9 15.3 12.5 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.83 0.8 35.59 19.2 571.7 148.8 1.67 .67 14.9 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 109 CO FAILURES: 109 FAILURE RATE: 80.0$ # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.34 0.4 O.37 10.9 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 5.80 0.0 BUICK 6 1.19 0.7 25.09 16.3 CADILLAC 4 0.49 1.1 4.86 10.8 CHEVROLET 30 0.82 0.9 19.79 20.9 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63-35 9.9 DATSUN 5 -0.13 0.4 6.27 9.7 DODGE 7 2.05 1.2 35.68 19.9 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.21 0.5 2.31 7.0 HONDA 1 -0.36 0.0 1.26 0.0 JEEP 3 0.65 0.6 10.95 9.5 LINCOLN 2 0.11 0.2 5 - 71 8.1 MERCURY 7 0.77 1.3 10.66 22.8 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.46 0.7 14.72 10.1 PLYMOUTH 6 0.78 0.9 21.07 18.8 PONTIAC 7 0.28 0.9 17.58 22.9 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 16.47 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.46 0.4 5.15 4.3 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.25 0.4 13.90 21.5 VOLVO 2 0.09 0.5 10.94 4.6 MPG MEAN -27.5 0-3 -31.8 -8.8 -38.6 1.4 -46.5 0.0 -40.3 41.3 -14.4 -it 37.2 0.0 18.0 9-8 8.1 4.1 .6 .2 22.3 46.8 45.6 0.0 59.7 0.0 33.9 27.7 54.' 23 -31.6 -7.8 -42.3 -7.3 -4.3 -21.3 0.42 .68 -0.37 0.00 0.01 .40 0.23 -33 0.19 .27 -0.05 .22 -0.28 .50 0.16 .47 0.00 0.00 0.28 .58 0.21 0.00 0.46 .69 5 ,7 -0.06 0.09 ¦0.41 26.5 32.1 0.0 15.9 7.9 9.7 0.9 -1.0 -1.1 -0.3 0.0 0.5 -2.7 -0.0 !4 - 0.43 .54 -0.07 .79 0.29 0.00 0.12 .39 0.00 .33 -0.34 .27 0.3 0.7 0.0 -0.2 -0.4 0.8 -0.1 -0.8 0.1 "DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 O.32 0.6 9-51 151 - 250 20 0.47 0.9 12.17 251 - 350 54 0.75 1.0 15-33 MORE THAN 350 44 0.68 0.9 14.54 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 . r . -.- 2800 - 3799 55 0.54 0.8 9.^4 2800 - 3799 55 0.44 0.8 9.44 38OO - 4799 58 0.90 1.0 19.83 4800 - 5799 12 0.49 0.8 9-30 11.8 -1.6 21.4 0.09 .33 -0.8 15.0 -27.6 46.1 0.19 .52 0.3 24.1 -40.7 45.9 0.15 0.0 12.5 -11.5 28.3 -0.08 .80 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.60 0.9 13-44 19.1 -27.1 43.7 0.14 .53 -0.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 109 CO FAILURES: 109 FAILURE RATE: 80.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS AUDI BUICK CADILLAC CHEVROLET CHRYSLER DATSUN DODGE FIAT FORD HONDA JEEP LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH PONTIAC PORSCHE TOYOTA VOLKSWAGON VOLVO •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 9 16.67 1 10.06 6 42.82 4 16.57 30 29.22 4 57.65 5 -7 93 7 53186 1 0.00 35 12.17 1 -14.67 3 23.97 2 3.14 7 30.55 8 23.91 6 29-33 7 10.96 1 16.43 6 19.74 5 10.13 2 4.00 32 20 21.18 54 29.46 44 28.17 1.10 24.65 40.02 8.32 32.36 57.21 20.7 44.9 0.00 VII 31.12 13-98 18.10 34.47 40.40 26.46 31.38 14.88 32.08 20.94 18.55 -21.78 0.99 13.37 11.51 -4.24 ¦ -15.55 9.46 0.00 13-89 9.81 13-88 -2.96 4.67 -32.27 :us 17.2 5.41 0.19 -20.07 5.10 -2.94 -2.33 -0.04 -1.91 -9.19 -4.69 -2.39 0.00 3-71 -11.96 -0.37 -3.19 5.42 -0.07 -1.12 -2.89 3.57 -0.59 -3.97 0.62 19.6 8.8 46.8 23.6 40.1 71.2 o5*9 87.0 0.0 -11 38 l.2 6.2 38.4 21.2 38.6 11.0 23.5 23.0 1i:l 21.0 202.3 988.9 232.3 966.2 1849.2 287.1 1515.0 0.0 103.4 57.9 649.7 328.1 544.3 673.2 1044.8 688.5 754.0 254.8 1081.7 500.7 24.4 -13.0 0.5 10.8 9.2 -1.6 -12.9 6.6 0.0 12.4 9.7 27.5 1-'3 -18.9 21.4 -2.6 13.3 5.7 0.2 -15.5 23.98 26.96 29.62 26.81 5.68 -3.54 13.65 6.62 ¦3.3? 2.54 0.09 1.79 16.3 24.9 36.8 27.0 488.3 643-9 750.8 579.8 5.0 -3.2 11.6 5.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2800 - 3799 55 3800 - 4799 58 4800 - 5799 12 13.26 20.01 34.11 18.40 23.49 24.60 31.37 19.27 5.27 9.65 8.96 -4.56 -3.80 1.92 0.12 -0.60 16.2 24.3 34.6 26.5 487.7 516.9 765.4 508.3 4.5 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 24.67 27.41 7.58 -0.15 28.1 628.3 6.4 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 129 CO FAILURES: 129 FAILURE RATE: 90.0? # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.68 0.7 33-46 19.3 506.0 81.9 1.84 .24 15.9 AUDI 1 2.2S 0.0 17.73 0.0 311.5 0.0 2.09 0.00 25.6 BUICK 6 1.58 0.5 37-60 16.1 578.9 92.3 1-38 -50 14.2 CADILLAC 4 2.49 0.7 53-55 34.8 752.5 53-1 1-46 .38 10.5 CHEVROLET 30 1.98 0.9 40.78 23-5 544.4 120.0 1.46 .64 15.0 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 47.38 20.2 639-6 66.9 1-34 .17 12.4 DATSUN 5 1.77 0.6 23-91 11.0 335-9 78.4 2.09 .39 24.3 DODGE 7 1.76 0.7 43.71 21.3 573-2 79-1 1.50 .64 14.0 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 12.56 0.0 443.8 0.0 1.08 0.00 19.0 FORD 35 1.48 0.5 29.44 11.6 653 - 6 158.7 1 .68 .56 13-3 HONDA 1 2.79 0.0 17.09 0.0 316.8 0.0 1-95 0.00 25.2 JEEP 3 2.05 0.1 24.23 6.9 671.1 36.6 2.87 1.04 12.4 LINCOLN 2 1.31 0.0 30.20 6.9 868.1 19.6 2.07 .19 9.7 MERCURY 7 1.72 0.7 49.62 34.7 687.9 77.1 1.72 1.04 11.7 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.48 0.7 27-98 11.6 590.1 76.8 1.70 .72 14.1 PLYMOUTH 6 1.88 1.1 30.57 11.1 555-6 102.6 1.85 .83 14.8 PONTIAC 7 2.29 0.7 48.88 14.1 587.5 99.4 1.57 .97 13.5 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 36.02 0.0 346.7 0.0 1.40 0.00 21.5 TOYOTA 6 2.05 0.3 30.47 6.4 402.7 41.2 2.09 .68 19.6 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.15 0.9 27.68 12.5 371.2 27.9 1.07 .64 21.1 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.3 41.31 8.2 436.3 40.7 2.02 .41 17-5 "DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.08 0.8 30.03 12.9 374.9 56.9 1.63 .58 21.1 151-250 20 1.76 0.8 33.16 16.7 490.0 63-3 1-73 .55 16.4 251 - 350 54 1.7? 0.7 36.40 21.4 588.3 57.8 1.49 .62 13.8 MORE THAN 350 44 1.64 0.6 39.48 20.4 732.5 98.6 1.85 .78 11.3 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2.05 0.8 30.36 13.6 2800 - 3799 55 1.78 0.7 29.27 16.1 3800 - 4799 58 1.72 0.6 43.11 20.5 4800 - 5799 12 1.82 0.8 38.15 23.0 359-5 538.5 53c . 653.1 108.5 775.9 76.1 1.57 .63 21.8 1.79 .64 15.4 1 .§2 .68 12.5 1 .88 .68 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.80 0.7 35.51 19-1 572.0 148.8 1.66 .67 14.9 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. §0011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 129 CO FAILURES: 129 FAILURE RATE: 90.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS AUDI BUICK CADILLAC CHEVROLET CHRYSLER DATSUN DODGE FIAT FORD HONDA JEEP LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH PONTIAC PORSCHE TOYOTA VOLKSWAGON VOLVO 9 1 6 0.36 0.25 1.19 0.4 0.0 0.7 4 3S 0.49 0.83 2.44 1.1 0.9 0.7 5 7 1 -0.13 2.05 0.00 0.4 1.2 0.0 35 1 3 0.21 -O.36 0.65 0.5 0.0 0.6 2 I 2.11 8:5« 2.7 1.3 0.7 6 7 1 0.77 0.26 0.51 0.9 0.9 0.0 6 5 2 0.31 0.36 0.09 0.7 0.4 0.5 -0.01 5.80 25.09 4.86 20.38 63-35 6.27 35.6o 0.00 1.89 1.26 10.95 10.65 10.41 14.72 21.58 17.58 16.47 4.16 15.65 10.94 11.0 0.0 16.3 10.8 20.5 9.9 9.7 19.9 0.0 7.4 0.0 9.5 1.1 23.1 10.1 18.1 22.9 0.0 6.1 20.4 4.6 -21.1 0.3 -31-8 -8.8 -21.7 -38.6 1.4 -46.5 0.0 -44.6 41.3 -14.4 36.9 -57.9 -22.3 -33.6 -7.8 -42.3 ± i -21.3 37.0 0.0 18.0 19.8 44.1 44.1 46.8 45.6 0.0 60.2 0.0 33-9 6S:i 23.7 24.0 32.1 0.0 0.45 .67 -0.37 0.00 0.01 .40 0.23 0.18 ¦0.05 • 33 .31 .22 -0.28 .50 0.16 .47 0.00 0.00 0.31 -59 0.21 0.00 0.46 .69 0 - 0.12 0.14 -0.41 • 36 ¦M 5-6 8.0 9.7 0.41 .51 -0.07 .79 0.29 0.00 0.04 .46 0.01 .33 -0.34 .27 0.9 -0.7 -0.3 ¦0.0 ¦0.4 ¦1.0 1.1 0.3 0.0 0.6 -2.7 -0.0 -0.6 0.5 -0.0 -0.1 -0.4 0.8 0.0 -1.0 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 0.31 0.46 0.76 0.77 0.6 9.64 10.9 -5.2 20.6 0.10 0.9 11.98 16.6 -33.6 59.0 -0.02 1.0 15.37 20.5 -2o. 3 41.2 0.24 1.0 14.77 22.9 -41.6 52.2 0.14 3 • 76 -0.6 0.4 0.0 0.2 ~INERTIA WEIGHT 38< 48( - 2799 25 °'i 31 0.6 9.54 11.9 -3.4 22.4 0.09 - 3799 - 4799 o.i U 0.9 9.11 15.4 -25.6 50.5 0.21 58 o«! 31 1.0 20.11 23-9 -43.0 45.6 0.15 - 5799 12 o.i 32 1.3 10.13 12.1 -8.6 31.2 -0.05 15 .81 -0.7 0.3 0.0 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.63 0.9 13-52 19-1 -27.3 45.8 0.15 .54 -0.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 129 CO FAILURES: 129 FAILURE RATE: 90.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 17-62 AUDI 1 10.08 BUICK 6 42.82 CADILLAC 4 16.57 CHEVROLET 30 29-49 CHRYSLER 4 57-65 DATSUN 5 -7.93 DODGE 7 53-86 FIAT 1 0.00 FORD 35 12.22 HONDA 1 -14.67 JEEP 3 23-97 LINCOLN 2 61.74 MERCURY 7 31.50 OLDSMOBILE 8 23-91 PLYMOUTH 6 29-08 PONTIAC 7 10.96 PORSCHE 1 16.43 TOYOTA 6 13.08 VOLKSWAGON 5 14.38 VOLVO 2 4.00 -0.04 24.65 40.02 8.32 33.32 57.21 20.79 44.94 0.00 6.03 6.89 31.12 26.08 IU ? 41.38 26.46 31.38 12.02 36.12 20.94 19.80 ¦21.78 0.99 13.37 18:11 0.00 15.71 9.81 13.88 5.54 7.36 -32.27 18.07 -4.43 17.24 2.01 0.70 -20.07 5.21 -2.94 -2.33 -0.04 -2.41 -9.19 -4.69 -2.39 0.00 4.41 -11.96 -0.37 -6.56 4.47 -0.07 -0.92 -2.89 3.57 0.14 -4.80 0.62 18.3 8.8 46.8 23.6 35.9 71.2 -5.9 87.0 0.0 8.4 -16.3 38.4 84.6 35.8 21.2 34.0 11.0 23.5 13.6 22.7 4.3 -0.7 202.3 988.9 232.3 880.9 1849.2 287.1 1515.0 0.0 76.6 57.9 649.7 427.9 470.8 673.2 952.2 688.5 754.0 183.1 987.4 500.7 23.0 -13-0 0.5 10.8 7.8 -1.6 -12.9 6.6 0.0 12.7 9.7 27.5 4.9 6.2 -18.9 18.0 -2.6 13.3 1.9 0.5 -15.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 13.06 24.30 5-60 -3.10 15.0 461.5 4.6 151 - 250 20 20.91 26.53 -1.02 2.43 23.6 609.7 -0.9 251 - 350 54 29.76 29.68 13-91 0.07 31-9 646.4 10.2 MORE THAN 350 44 31.94 27.22 7.05 1.67 30.3 580.9 5-5 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 55 58 12 13-00 19.73 34.54 31.02 23-90 23.74 31.81 20.98 5.15 "ill o.oy -2.86 " 1.68 0.33 -1.08 14.6 21.1 33.7 41.9 453.7 438.8 746.9 518.0 4.1 10.4 5.5 -2.7 ALL VEHICLES 150 25.81 27.57 8.10 -0.14 27.2 585.4 6.3 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 150 CO FAILURES: 150 FAILURE RATE: 100.0$ # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.68 AUDI 1 2.25 BUICK 6 1.58 CADILLAC 4 2.08 CHEVROLET 30 1.94 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 DATSUN 5 1.77 DODGE 7 1.76 FIAT 1 1.53 FORD 35 1.47 HONDA 1 2.79 JEEP 3 1.83 LINCOLN 2 1.31 MERCURY 7 1.72 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.51 PLYMOUTH 6 1.88 PONTIAC 7 2.29 PORSCHE 1 2.62 TOYOTA 6 2.05 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.03 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.7 0.0 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.7 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.7 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.0 0.3 1.0 0.3 34.19 17.73 37.60 54.14 40.39 47.38 23.91 43.71 17.52 29.17 17.09 23.49 I 0.20 9.62 27.60 IUI 36.02 30.47 26.55 41.31 18.5 0.0 16.1 33.9 23-9 20.2 11.0 21.3 0.0 11.9 0.0 7.7 6.9 34.7 11.9 11.1 14.1 0.0 6.4 12.9 8.2 505.8 82.4 311.5 0.0 578.9 92.3 765.2 76. 546.3 124. 639.b 66.9 335.9 573.2 408. 868.1 687.9 590.5 1.75 .27 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 1:11 1.34 •31 .65 .17 78.4 79.1 6 0.0 654.7 157.6 316.8 0.0 671.6 35.7 19-6 77.1 76.2 555.6 102.6 587.5 99.4 348.7 0.0 402.7 41.2 366.6 25.9 436.3 40.7 2.09 -39 1.50 .64 0.94 0.00 1.68 .54 1.95 0.00 2.96 .91 2.07 .19 1.72 1.04 1.72 .72 1.85 .83 1.57 .97 1.40 0.00 2.09 .68 0.96 .69 2.02 .41 15.9 ?S:i 10.4 15.0 12.4 24.3 14.0 20.1 13.3 25.2 12.5 9.7 11.7 14.1 14.8 13.5 21.5 19.6 21.5 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 2.06 1.77 1.78 1.58 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.6 29.8 32.5 36.48 39.35 13.0 17.2 21.3 20.5 588, 735, 56.3 1.61 .61 21.2 64.2 1-73 .51 16.4 58.0 1.48 .62 13.8 100.7 1.85 .79 11.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 2.03 0.9 30.34 55 1.77 0.7 29.05 58 1.72 °-I 43.08 12 1.60 0.8 37.82 1^.4 20.'^ 23.2 357-2 539.1 784.5 88.3 108.5 82.0 1.55 .66 1.78 .62 1.53 .71 1.82 .59 21.9 15.4 12.5 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.78 0.7 35-39 19.2 572.6 150.3 1.65 .67 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 150 CO FAILURES: 150 FAILURE RATE: 100.0% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 0.36 0.4 0.25 0.0 1.19 0.7 0.91 1.1 0.87 0.9 2.44 0.7 -0.13 0.4 2.05 1.2 ¦0.22 0.0 0.21 0.5 ¦0.36 0.0 0.87 0.3 2.11 0.79 0.43 0.31 0.48 0.09 2.7 1.3 0.7 0.77 0.9 0.28 0.9 0.51 0.0 0.7 0.4 0.5 -0.75 5.80 25.09 4.27 20.77 63.35 6.2 .6 -4.96 5 2.16 1.26 11.69 10.65 10.41 15.09 21.58 17.58 16.47 4.16 16.77 10.94 11.3 0.0 16.3 -27.5 M 38.2 0.0 18.0 0.54 -0.37 0.01 .63 0.00 .40 1 1 OOO • • • 11.2 20.2 9.9 -21.6 -23.6 -38.6 44.1 0.16 0.19 -0.05 .41 • 38 .22 0.1 -0.3 -1.0 9.7 19.9 0.0 1.4 -46.5 35.1 46.8 45.6 0.0 -0.28 0.16 0.14 .50 .47 0.00 -1.1 -0.3 -1.1 7.4 0.0 8.2 -45.7 41.3 -14.9 59.5 0.0 33.6 0.32 0.21 0.38 .60 0.00 .79 0.6 -2.7 -0.1 1.1 23.1 9.6 36.9 -57.9 -22.7 ell 23.3 0.12 0.14 -0.44 .36 :lt -0.6 0.5 -0.0 18.1 22.9 0.0 -33.6 -7.8 -42.3 24.0 32.1 0.0 0.41 -0.07 0.29 .57 .79 0.00 -0.1 -0.4 0.8 6.1 '?:e -9.5 0.3 -21.3 15.6 13.4 9.7 0.04 0.12 -0.34 .46 .44 .27 0.0 -1.3 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 0.6 0.9 0.77 1.0 0.83 1.0 0.33 0.45 9.79 12.59 15.29 14.90 10.9 16.3 20.6 22.8 -3.7 -34.7 -26.3 -44.2 22.2 0.11 58.6 -0.01 41.4 0.25 51.3 0.14 ¦M .43 .78 -0.7 0.4 0.0 0.2 ~INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 55 58 12 0.32 0.45 0.91 1.04 0.6 9.56 12.0 -1.1 24.1 0.11 • 37 -0.9 0.9 9.33 15.3 -26.3 50.5 0.22 .55 0.3 1.0 20.15 23.? -43.1 45.4 0.14 •55 0.0 1.2 10.45 12.4 -17.2 35.5 0.01 .85 -0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.65 0.9 13-64 19.1 -27.9 46.0 0.15 .55 -0.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR KEYMODE COMPOSITE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 150 CO FAILURES: 150 FAILURE RATE: 100.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN 2 MERCURY 7 OLDSMOBILE 8 PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 17.73 10.08 42.82 30.3? 31.04 57.65 -17.23 12.51 -14.67 32.06 61.74 31.50 22.31 29.08 10.96 16.43 13.08 19-03 4.00 -2.23 24.65 40.02 7.31 33-97 57.21 20.7 44.9 ¦39.52 6.90 6.89 33.23 26.08 17.33 35.35 41.38 26.46 31.38 12.02 38.71 20.94 23.59 -21.78 0.99 11.48 -4.24 -15.55 9.46 13.28 15.91 9.81 11.29 5.54 7-36 -34.02 18.07 -4.4 17.2 2.01 11.36 -20.07 5.28 -2.94 -2.33 1.33 -2.37 -9.19 -4.69 Ze'.ol 4.56 -11.96 -0.59 -6.56 4.47 -0.09 -0.92 -2.89 3.57 0.14 -6.55 0.62 1S 46.8 36.8 33.6 71.2 n5'9 87.0 -7.8 8.1 -16.3 39.6 84.6 35.8 17.9 34.0 11.0 23.5 13.6 21.8 4.3 -32.4 202.3 988.9 173.1 11Vd 287.1 1515.0 -172.5 83.4 57.9 535.1 427.9 470.8 622.4 952.2 688.5 754.0 183.1 767.7 500.7 23.5 -13.0 0.5 6.4 7.| -12.9 6.6 5.0 12.3 9.7 17.2 4.9 6.2 -18.0 18.0 -2.6 13-3 1-9 5.6 -15.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 13.89 24.67 6.47 -3.52 14.§ 425.9 4.8 151 - 250 20 20.45 27-90 -0.58 2.43 19.6 545.0 -0.4 251 - 350 54 30.25 29.53 14.46 0.08 31.4 621.2 10.2 MORE THAN 350 44 34.59 27.47 7.07 1.91 30.6 546.8 5.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 13.61 23.96 6.89 -4.10 13.9 414.0 5.0 2800 - 3799 55 20.34 24.31 11.10 1.71 19.5 403.6 9.6 3800 - 4799 58 34.63 31.87 8.12 0.35 33-3 738.2 5.0 4800 - 5799 12 39-44 21.66 0.66 -0.22 42.5 426.9 0.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 26.88 27.82 8.54 -0.21 26.3 549.2 6.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 10 CO FAILURES: 11 FAILURE RATE: 10.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 2.04 0.9 AUDI 1 2.50 0.0 BUICK 6 2.77 1.0 CADILLAC 4 2.99 1.4 CHEVROLET 30 2.44 1.4 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.64 0.3 DODGE 7 2.45 1.1 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.69 0.6 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 JEEP 3 2.70 0.6 LINCOLN 2 1.41 0.1 MERCURY 7 2.01 0.7 OLDSMOBILE B 1.94 1.1 PLYMOUTH 6 2.37 1.0 PONTIAC 7 2.57 1.2 PORSCHE 1 3.13 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.36 0.8 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.51 1.1 VOLVO 2 2.37 0.9 33.44 22.8 478.3 96.8 23.53 0.0 311.7 0.0 62.69 18.6 547.0 82.2 58.41 42.1 743.7 67.3 52.44 30.6 534.6 120.3 47.38 20.2 639-6 66.9 30.18 14.0 337.3 44. 58.30 13.7 555.2 95. 12.56 0.0 443.8 0.0 31.33 15.2 609.0 129.2 18.35 0.0 358.1 0.0 35.18 14.7 656.7 46.2 35.91 15.0 887.7 8.1 54.15 26.5 650.5 80.9 42.69 16.0 567.9 80.1 43.08 16.4 524.0 93. 66.46 24.7 579.7 107. 52.49 0.0 306.4 0.0 34.63 4.7 393.3 41.9 43.33 32.2 366.9 34.5 52.25 12.8 415.0 30.9 2.29 .71 1.72 0.00 1.39 .32 1.69 .45 1.61 .64 1.34 .17 1.81 .38 1.44 .53 1.08 0.00 2.00 .71 2.16 0.00 3-33 1-31 2.01 .29 1.85 1.10 1.28 .27 2.27 1.26 1.50 .60 1.69 0.00 2.14 .34 1.08 .87 1.68 .14 16.8 24.9 13-9 10.5 14.7 12.4 23.2 13.8 19.0 13.9 22.5 12.4 9.4 12.1 14.1 15.1 13.1 22.3 19.6 20.1 17.6 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.40 1.2 39.68 21.1 369-7 50.1 1.72 .57 20.' XI) * 118 2P 1*99 °'9 ^°-78 204 465.2 64.9 1 .74 .56 16.i 251 - 350 54 2.21 1.0 45.27 27.4 569.6 60.7 1.69 .79 13.' MORE THAN 350 44 2.03 1.0 46.74 23.8 696.3 89.9 1 .98 .89 11.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT " ?!§§ £5 2*36 1>2 39.90 22.7 356.1 47.5 1.66 .58 21.1 2800 - 3799 55 2.07 0.9 36.05 20.7 518.6 92.2 2.02 .83 15.6 3800 - 4799 58 2.15 1.0 52.36 24.5 619.5 85.9 1.62 .72 12.7 4800 - 5799 12 2.31 1.3 47.45 28.9 764.4 88.5 1.80 .58 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 2.17 1.0 43.91 24.2 550.2 138.2 1.79 .75 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 10 CO FAILURES: 11 FAILURE RATE: 10.0% # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 AUDI 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 BUICK 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 CADILLAC 4 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 CHEVROLET 30 0.37 0.9 8.72 20.4 -11.8 33.2 0.03 .15 -0.0 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63.35 9.9 -38.6 44.1 -0.05 .22 -1.0 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 DODGE 7 1.36 1.8 21.10 29.3 -28.5 52.2 0.21 .35 -0.2 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 LINCOLN 2 2.00 2.8 405 7.0 17.3 24.5 0.19 .26 -0.3 MERCURY 7 0.50 1.3 5.88 15.6 -20.5 54.2 -0.00 .00 0.2 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 PLYMOUTH 6 0.29 0.7 9.07 22.2 -1.9 4.7 -0.01 .03 -0.4 PONTIAC 7 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 151 - 250 20 0.23 0.7 4.35 13-9 -8.7 36.4 -0.02 .08 0.0 251 - 350 54 0.34 1.0 6.49 17-6 -1.1 25.6 0.05 .16 -0.1 MORE THAN 350 44 0.37 1.0 7.51 20.7 -5.4 24.5 0.01 .10 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 - 3799 - 4799 55 0.15 0.6 2.33 10.0 -5.8 29.0 -0.01 .05 58 0.47 1.0 10.86 23.3 -9.4 25-9 0.05 .17 - 5799 12 0.33 1.2 0.82 2.9 2.9 10.0 0.03 .11 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.26 0.8 5.12 16.3 -5.5 24.2 0.02 .12 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 10 CO FAILURES: 11 FAILURE RATE: 10.0$ # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 AUDI 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 BUICK 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 CADILLAC 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 CHEVROLET 30 13.11 14.26 2.11 -0.22 0.7 17.3 0.1 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 -4.24 -9.19 4.6 120.1 -0.1 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 DODGE 7 35.64 26.57 12.58 -1.23 2.7 41.6 0.4 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 FORD 35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 JEEP 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 LINCOLN 2 58.59 12.11 8.50 -3-36 3.9 9.7 0.4 MERCURY 7 19-94 9.80 -0.09 1.28 1.0 11.7 -0.0 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 PLYMOUTH 6 10.77 17.39 -0.50 -2.70 0.6 18.0 -0.0 PONTIAC 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 20 58 0.00 10.18 13.46 15.55 0.00 9.64 12.54 13.85 0.00 ¦1.26 2.63 0.62 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.27 0.5 8.7 -0.0 -0.60 0.7 12.9 0.1 -0.93 0.7 14.9 0.0 •INERTIA WEIGHT ?£ 4f - 2799 25 0.00 0.00 0.00 - 3799 - 4799 55 6.58 6.07 -0.40 58 18.06 17.18 2.73 - 5799 12 12.62 1.71 1.70 0.00 0.23 ALL VEHICLES 150 10.84 10.44 0.95 -0.37 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 4.7 -0.0 0.9 21.5 0.1 0.7 1.6 0.1 0.5 10.2 0.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 22 CO FAILURES: 22 FAILURE RATE: 20.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 2.04 0.9 AUDI 1 2.50 0.0 BUICK 6 2.22 0.8 CADILLAC 4 2.46 0.7 CHEVROLET 30 2.25 1.1 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.64 0-3 DODGE 7 2.00 0.8 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.63 0.5 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 JEEP 3 2.70 0.6 LINCOLN 2 1.41 0.1 MERCURY 7 2.01 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.69 0.6 PLYMOUTH 6 2.06 0.9 PONTIAC 7 2.21 0.6 PORSCHE 1 3-13 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.36 0.8 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.30 0.9 VOLVO 2 2.37 0.9 33.^4 23-53 48.51 53.48 47.65 47.38 30.18 49.19 12.56 30.88 18.35 35.18 35.91 54.15 38.47 38.51 53.56 52.49 34.63 33.58 52.25 22.8 0.0 21.3 37.4 26.1 20.2 14.0 21.0 0.0 15.2 0.0 14.7 15.0 26.5 12.7 13-4 12.1 0.0 4.7 14.4 12.8 478.3 96.8 311.7 0.0 553.3 87.5 753-2 54.0 537.9 121.7 639.6 66.9 337.3 81:" 44.3 80.8 0.0 608.9 129.3 358.1 0.0 656.7 46.2 887.7 8.1 650.5 80.9 570.8 77.6 536.7 98.8 581.4 105.5 306.4 0.0 393.3 41.9 370.6 27.1 415.0 30.9 2.29 .71 1.72 0.00 1.45 .51 1.51 .44 1.56 .64 1.34 .17 1.81 .38 1.52 .64 1.08 0.00 1.99 .71 2.16 0.00 3.33 1.31 2.01 .29 1.85 1.10 1.28 .27 2.15 1.32 1.42 .49 1.69 0.00 2.14 Ul 34 82 14 16.8 24.9 14.3 10.5 14. Q 12.4 23.2 13-9 19-0 14.0 22.5 12.4 9-4 12.1 14.2 15.0 13.5 22.3 19.6 20.7 17.6 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.23 0.9 37.18 18.1 370.1 49-5 1.70 .55 20.6 151 - 250 20 1.85 0.8 37.22 20.0 467.6 63.1 1.80 .52 16.9 251 - 350 54 2.04 0.9 41.02 23.8 574.3 59.6 1.66 .79 13-9 MORE THAN 350 44 1.88 0.7 43-39 19-1 698.0 88.8 1.94 .90 11.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2.22 1.0 37-34 18.8 356.7 47.1 1.65 .56 21.3 2800 - 3799 55 1.92 0.8 33.24 19-7 521.7 92.0 2.01 .84 15.7 "800 - 4799 58 2.01 0.8 48.01 19.9 621.9 84.1 1.60 .72 12.8 800 - 5799 12 1.96 0.8 42.68 23-2 769-8 82.3 1-72 .61 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 2.01 0.8 40.39 20.8 552.8 138.2 1.77 .75 15.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION EC FAILURES: 22 CO FAILURES: # OF HC i VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.00 0.0 0.00 AUDI 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 BUICK 6 0.55 0.9 14.18 CADILLAC 4 0.53 1.1 4.94 CHEVROLET 30 0.56 1.0 13.51 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63-35 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.0 0.00 DODGE 7 1.81 1.5 30.20 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 FORD 35 0.05 0.3 0.45 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 JEEP 3 0.00 0.0 0.00 LINCOLN 2 2.00 2.8 1| QC MERCURY 7 0.50 1.3 5 88 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.25 0.7 4.22 PLYMOUTH 6 0.59 0.9 13.64 PONTIAC 7 0.37 0.7 12.90 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.0 0.00 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.20 0.5 9.75 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 CO C02 NOX MPG S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 22.2 -6.3 11.0 -0.06 .26 -0.4 9.9 -9.5 19-1 0.18 .36 0.0 22.5 -15.2 35.1 0.09 .23 -0.2 9.9 -38.6 44.1 -0.05 .22 -1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 25.9 -41.1 48.6 0.13 .48 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 2.7 0.1 0.4 0.01 .08 -0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 7.0 17.3 24.5 0.19 .26 -0.3 15.6 -20.5 54.2 -0.00 .00 0.2 11.9 -2.9 8.3 -0.00 .00 -0.1 22.8 -14.6 30.6 0.10 .29 -0.3 22.2 -1.7 28.1 0.08 .24 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 21.8 -3.7 8.2 -0.09 .21 -0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.16 0.5 2.50 151 - 250 20 0.37 0.8 7-91 251 - 350 54 0.51 1.0 10.74 MORE THAN 350 44 0.53 1.1 10.86 9.3 -0.4 3.3 0.02 36.8 -0.08 .17 -0.2 17.2 -11.2 .20 -0.1 20.2 -12.4 29.1 0.08 .20 -0.1 22.5 -7.2 27.2 0.05 .18 -0.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 0.13 0.5 2.57 10.1 2800 - ^799 55 0.29 0.8 5.14 13.4 "800 - 4799 58 0.61 1.1 15.21 24.9 800 - 5799 12 0.68 1.3 5.59 11.7 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.42 0.9 8.64 18.9 -8.1 26.7 0.04 .19 -0.1 -0.6 3.7 0.01 . 18 -0.2 -8.9 -0.01 .17 -0.0 ¦11.8 28.7 0.07 .21 -0.3 -2.5 17.3 0.11 .23 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 22 CO FAILURES: 22 FAILURE RATE: 20.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 AUDI 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 BUICK 6 20.02 22.62 -4.12 -3.13 1.1 28.1 -0.1 CADILLAC 4 17.63 8.45 10.68 0.01 1.0 9.8 0.4 CHEVROLET 30 20.08 22.09 5.37 -1.15 1.1 26.7 0.2 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 -4.24 -9.19 4.6 120.1 -0.1 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 DODGE 7 47.50 38.04 7.91 -1.87 3-5 58.9 0.3 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 FORD 35 3.12 1.44 0.66 -0.26 0.1 0.9 0.0 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 JEEP 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 LINCOLN 2 58.59 12.11 8.50 -3.36 3.9 9.7 0.4 MERCURY 7 19.94 9.80 -0.09 1.28 1.0 11.7 -0.0 OLDSMOBILE 8 12.65 9-89 -0.06 -0.79 0.5 8.4 -0.0 PLYMOUTH 6 22.27 26.16 4.63 -2.04 1.2 27.0 0.2 PONTIAC 7 14.24 19-41 5.51 -2.52 0.7 25.5 0.2 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 5 8.13 22.50 -8.57 -2.11 0.4 19.4 -0.2 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 *DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 6.74 6.29 1.33 151 - 250 20 16.o5 17.53 -4.83 251 - 350 54 19.86 20.76 4.42 MORE THAN 350 44 21.91 20.03 2.36 -0.92 0.3 5.0 0.0 -0.39 0.7 15.7 -0.2 -0.97 1.0 21.3 0.2 -1.50 1.0 21.5 0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2800 - 3799 55 3800 - 4799 58 4800 - 5799 12 5.65 13.21 23.38 25.81 6.43 13.40 24.06 11.58 0.65 -0.36 4.23 5.99 -0.91 -0.16 -2.05 -0.92 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.4 5.1 10.2 30.1 11.1 0.0 -0.0 0.1 0.2 ALL VEHICLES 150 17.33 17.63 1.95 -0.99 0.8 17.2 0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 36 CO FAILURES: 35 FAILURE RATE: 30.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 2.04 0.9 2.50 0.0 1.72 0.5 2.05 0.9 2.05 1.0 1.79 0.9 1.64 0.3 1.86 0.8 1.31 0.0 1.60 0.5 2.44 0.0 2.31 0.5 1.41 0.1 1.84 0.6 1.66 0.9 2.06 0.9 2.21 0.6 3.13 0.0 2.17 0.7 2.30 0.9 2.37 0.9 33-44 23.53 40.33 54.07 43.29 47.38 30.18 45.29 12.56 30.58 18.35 29.52 35.74 38.51 53.56 52.49 33.72 33.58 52.25 22.8 0.0 14.3 36.6 23.8 20.2 14.0 24.1 0.0 15.0 0.0 8.6 15.0 26.1 14.4 13.4 12.1 0.0 5.2 14.4 12.8 478.3 96.8 311.7 0.0 565.5 94.6 766.0 77.0 540.8 121.7 639.6 66.9 337.3 44.3 573.6 79.3 443.8 0.0 613.2 126.5 358.1 0.0 653.4 40.5 887.7 8.1 656.5 80.7 571.0 78.0 2.29 .71 1.72 0.00 1.32 .52 1.58 .36 1.51 .66 1.34 .17 1.81 .38 1.51 .63 1.08 0.00 1.97 .72 2.16 0.00 2.91 1.10 2.01 1.73 1.58 .29 o *9£ 58 .78 536.7 98.8 581.4 105.5 306.4 0.0 2.15 1.32 1.42 .49 1.69 0.00 394.4 40.6 370.6 27.1 415.0 30.9 2.05 .30 .82 .14 16.8 24.9 14.4 10.4 15.0 12.4 23.2 14.0 19.0 13.9 22.5 12.6 9.4 12.1 14.2 15.0 13.5 22.3 19.7 20.7 17.6 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.15 0.8 35.52 15.5 370.5 50.0 1.66 .55 20.8 151 - 250 20 1.79 0.8 36.70 19.9 475.1 70.0 1.77 .54 16.7 251 -350 54 l.fig 0.8 37.96 22.1 577.9 58.9 1.61 .74 13.9 44 1 -78 0.7 41.94 19.2 700.4 89.9 1 .98 .69 11.6 MORE THAN 350 •INERTIA WEIGHT 3,800 - 2799 25 2. 11 0.9 35.21 15.4 357.2 47.8 1 .60 .55 21.4 2800 - 3799 55 1.84 0.8 31.64 18.8 526.1 93-5 1.97 .78 15.6 3800 - 4799 58 1.91 0.7 45.92 18.7 624.7 82.5 1.57 .73 12.8 4800 - 5799 12 1.70 0.8 40.14 24.8 773-9 86.1 1.93 .71 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.90 0.8 38.44 19.7 555.9 139-0 1.75 .74 15.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 36 CO FAILURES: 35 FAILURE RATE: 30.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.00 0.0 0.00 AUDI 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 BUICK 6 1.05 0.9 22.35 CADILLAC 4 0.94 1.1 4.35 CHEVROLET 30 0.76 0.9 17.87 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63-35 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.0 0.00 DODGE 7 1.94 1.4 34.10 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 FORD 35 0.08 0.4 0.75 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 JEEP 3 0.39 0.7 5.66 LINCOLN 2 2.00 2.8 4.95 MERCURY 7 0.68 1:3 10.60 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.28 0.7 6.96 PLYMOUTH 6 0.59 0.9 13.64 PONTIAC 7 0.37 0.7 12.90 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 TOYOTA 6 0.19 0.5 0.90 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.20 0.5 9.75 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 19.5 10.3 21.6 9.9 0.0 22.5 0.0 3.1 0.0 9.8 Z-° 18.2 13-3 22.8 22.2 0.0 2.2 21.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 -18.5 ¦22.3 -18.1 -38.6 0.0 -46.9 0.0 -4.2 0.0 3.3 1Z*3 -28.5 -3.1 -14.6 -1.7 0.0 -1.1 -3-7 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.4 26.3 36.7 44.1 0.0 45.1 0.0 25.3 0.0 5.7 24.5 54.8 8.3 30.6 28.1 0.0 2.8 8.2 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 .36 0.11 .43 0.14 .25 ¦0.05 .22 0.00 0.00 0.14 .47 0.00 0.00 0.03 .11 0.00 0.00 0.42 .73 0.19 0.12 ¦0.30 .26 •32 .85 0.10 0.08 0.00 0.00 ¦M : 0.08 .21 ¦0.09 .21 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 -0.5 0.1 -0.3 -1.0 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 ¦0.0 •0.6 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 0.25 0.6 0.43 0.8 0.66 1.0 0.63 1.1 4.16 8.43 13.81 12.31 10.6 17.1 20.1 22.6 -0.8 -18.6 -15.9 -9.6 5.6 47.9 30.7 28.9 0.06 -0.06 0.13 0.01 ,21 ,24 .27 .43 ¦0.3 0.1 -0.2 -0.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 0.24 0.6 2800 - 3799 55 0.37 0.8 '800 - 4799 58 0.72 1.1 800 - 5799 12 0.94 1.3 i 4.69 6.74 17-30 1.13 11.6 -1.1 6.3 0.06 .22 -0.3 14.2 -13.2 37.2 0.04 .27 0.0 24.5 -14.5 30.0 0.09 .22 -0.3 12.4 -6.6 22.4 -0.10 .77 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.53 0.9 10.59 19.1 -11.2 30.2 0.05 .32 -0.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 36 CO FAILURES: 35 FAILURE RATE: 30.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 AUDI 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 BUICK 6 37.98 35.66 5.13 -3.42 2.1 43.7 0.1 CADILLAC 4 31.45 7.44 6.61 1.38 1.9 8.6 0.2 CHEVROLET 3? 27.01 29.21 8.31 -2.14 1.5 35.1 0.3 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 -4.24 -9.19 4.6 120.1 -0.1 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 DODGE 7 51.06 42.95 8.69 -2.00 3.8 66.3 0.3 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 FORD 35 4.94 2.39 1.38 0.41 0.2 1.5 0.1 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 JEEP 3 14.35 16.10 12.56 -1.59 0.8 11.2 0.8 LINCOLN 2 58.59 12.11 8.50 -3.36 3.9 9.7 0.4 MERCURY 7 26.92 17.65 6.49 1.29 1-3 21.0 0.2 OLDSMOBILE 8 14.50 16.29 -23.41 -1.25 0.6 13.8 -0.6 PLYMOUTH 6 22.27 26.16 4.63 -2.04 1.2 27.0 0.2 PONTIAC 7 14.24 19.41 5.51 -2.52 0.7 25.5 0.2 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 TOYOTA 6 8.08 2.61 3.93 -0.24 0.4 1.8 0.2 VOLKSWAGON 5 8.13 22.50 -8.57 -2.77 0.4 19.4 -0.2 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 10.23 10.48 3-48 -1.49 0.5 8.3 0.1 151 - 250 20 19.27 18.68 -3-36 0.58 0.8 16.7 -0.1 251 - 350 54 25.87 26.67 7.29 -1.19 1.3 27.3 0.2 MORE THAN 350 44 25.97 22.68 0.51 -1.55 1.2 24.3 0.0 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 10.20 11.76 3.50 -1.62 0.5 9.3 0.1 2800 - 3799 55 16.83 17.55 2.09 0.14 0.7 13.4 0.1 " till 27•43 27.36 5.61 -2.18 1.4 34.1 0.2 4800 - 5799 12 35.50 16.84 -5.25 -1.11 1.8 16.0 -0.2 ALL VEHICLES 150 21.81 21.60 2.97 -1.09 1.0 21.0 0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 50 CO FAILURES: 49 FAILURE RATE: 40.0$ # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.84 0.7 33-35 19-6 481.4 96.1 2.00 .40 16.7 AUDI 1 2.50 0.0 23.53 0.0 311-7 0.0 1.72 0.00 24.9 BUICK 6 1.72 0.5 40.33 14.3 565.5 94.6 1.32 .52 14.4 CADILLAC 4 2.05 0.9 54.07 36.6 766.0 77.0 1.58 .36 10.4 CHEVROLET 30 1.93 0.9 41.61 23.5 544.9 121.9 1-46 .62 15.0 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 47-38 20.2 639-6 66.9 1-34 .17 12.4 DATSUN 5 1.64 0.3 30.18 14.0 337-3 44.3 1.81 .38 23.2 DODGE 7 1.86 0.8 45.29 24.1 573-b 79-3 1.51 .63 14.0 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 12.56 0.0 443.8 0.0 1.08 0.00 19-0 FORD 35 1.58 0.5 30.58 15.0 618.9 134.3 1-95 .73 13-8 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 18.35 0.0 358.1 0.0 2.16 0.00 22.5 JEEP 3 2.31 0.5 29.52 8.6 653-4 40.5 2.91 1-10 12.6 9 1.84 0.7 33.35 1 2.50 0.0 23.53 6 1.72 0.5 40.33 4 2.05 0.9 54.07 30 1-93 0.9 41.61 4 1-79 0.9 47.38 5 1.64 0.3 30.18 7 1.86 0.8 45.29 1 1.31 0.0 12.56 35 1.58 0.5 30.58 1 2.44 0.0 18.35 3 2.31 0.5 29.52 2 1.41 0.1 35.91 7 1.82 0.6 46.98 8 1.53 0.9 31-55 6 1.80 0.9 32.58 7 2.10 0.5 47.74 1 3.13 0.0 52.49 6 2.17 °-z 33-72 5 2.25 0.8 29-43 2 2.37 0.9 52.25 LINCOLN 2 1.41 0.1 35.91 15.0 887.7 8.1 2.01 .29 9-4 MERCURY 7 1.82 0.6 46.98 28.2 664.2 79.8 1.78 1.03 12.1 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.53 0.9 31-55 13-7 575-3 84.0 1.61 .75 14.3 PLYMOUTH 6 1.80 0.9 32.58 13.9 549-0 110.7 1-89 -80 15-0 PONTIAC 7 2.10 0.5 47.74 8.2 587-7 94.6 1.62 .94 13-5 PORSCHE 1 3.13 0.0 52.49 0.0 306.4 0.0 1.69 0.00 22.3 TOYOTA 6 2.17 0.7 33-72 5-2 394.4 40.6 2.05 .30 19-7 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.25 0.8 29.43 11.4 371.2 28.0 1.08 .63 20.9 VOLVO 2 2.37 0.9 52.25 12.8 415.0 30.9 1.68 .14 17.6 *DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.15 0.8 34.21 14.2 371.7 50.3 151 - 250 20 1.75 0.7 35.70 18.9 474.9 70.2 251 - 350 54 1.61 0.7 37-38 21.6 580.7 56.3 MORE THAN 350 44 1.68 0.7 39-53 19-6 708.6 91-7 1.64 .54 20.8 1.75 .55 16.8 1.55 •§5 13-9 1.98 .86 11.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2800 - 3799 55 3800 - 4799 58 4800 - 5799 12 ALL VEHICLES 150 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 E-134 2.12 1.79 1.79 1.65 0.8 0.7 0. 0. 34.36 14.0 0.92 18.2 3-82 19.0 38.77 24.7 358.5 527-4 631.5 777-7 48.5 1.5 93-9 1." 87-3 1.5 80.4 1.9 .56 .65 .7 .6 21.4 15.6 12.7 10.6 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 50 CO FAILURES: 49 FAILURE RATE: 40.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.21 0.4 0.10 9.8 -3.1 10.6 0.29 .70 AUDI 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0 .00 BUICK 6 1.05 0.9 22.35 19.5 -18.5 17.4 0.07 .36 CADILLAC 4 0.94 1.1 4.35 10.3 -22.3 26.3 0.11 .43 CHEVROLET 3P 0.88 0.9 19.55 21.0 -22.2 37.1 0.18 .27 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63-35 9.9 -38.6 44.1 -0.05 .22 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0 .00 DODGE 7 1.94 1.4 34.10 22.5 -46.9 45.1 0.14 .47 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0 .00 FORD 35 0.11 0.4 0.75 3.1 -9.9 41.7 0.05 .17 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0 .00 JEEP 3 0.39 0.7 5.66 9.8 3.3 5.7 0.42 .73 LINCOLN 2 2.00 2.8 4.95 7.0 17.3 24.5 0.19 .26 MERCURY 7 0.70 1.3 13-05 17.7 -34.2 53.4 0.07 •37 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.41 0.7 11.14 13.0 -7.4 18.1 -0.32 .85 PLYMOUTH 6 0.85 0.8 19.57 20.2 -26.9 29.6 0.37 .57 PONTIAC 7 0.47 0.7 18.72 20.4 -8.0 30.5 -0.12 .77 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0 .00 TOYOTA 6 0.19 0.5 0.90 2.2 -1.1 2.8 0.08 .21 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.25 0.4 13.90 21.5 -4.3 7.9 0.00 • 33 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0 .00 0.1 0.0 -0.5 0.1 -0.3 -1.0 0.0 -0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 -0.2 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 -°-3 -0.4 0.0 -0.0 -0.8 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.25 0.6 151 - 250 20 0.47 0.8 251 - 350 54 0.74 1.0 MORE THAN 350 44 0.73 1.0 5.47 11.3 -1.9 8.1 - " 48.0 31.1 41.2 g!U3 17!1 -18 . ,39 20.4 -18.8 14.71 22.1 -17-7 0.09 .23 -0.3 -0.03 .27 0.0 0.19 .39 -0.1 0.01 .57 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 0.23 0.6 5.54 12.0 -2.4 9.1 0.07 .23 -0.3 2800 - 3799 55 0.43 0.8 7.46 14.8 -14.5 37.4 0.12 .43 0.0 "800 - 4799 58 0.83 1.0 19.41 23.8 -21.4 38.8 0.10 .36 -0.2 800 - 5799 12 0.99 1.3 9.51 12.4 -10.4 24.8 -0.13 .77 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.60 0.9 11-92 19.1 -14.8 34.4 0.09 .42 -0.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 50 CO FAILURES: 49 FAILURE RATE: 40.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 10.14 0.29 AUDI 1 0.00 0.00 BUICK 6 37.98 35.66 CADILLAC 4 31.45 7.44 CHEVROLET 30 31.27 31.97 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 DATSUN 5 0.00 0.00 DODGE 7 51.06 42.95 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 FORD 35 6.29 2.40 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 JEEP 3 14.35 16. 10 LINCOLN 2 58.59 12.11 MERCURY 7 27.71 21.74 OLDSMOBILE 8 21.23 26.10 PLYMOUTH 6 32.00 37 - 53 PONTIAC 7 18.47 28.16 PORSCHE 1 0.00 0.00 TOYOTA 6 8.08 2.61 VOLKSWAGON 5 10.13 32.08 VOLVO 2 0.00 0.00 12.52 0.39 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 5.13 -3.42 2.1 43.7 0.1 6.61 1.38 1.9 8.6 0.2 10.98 -2.06 1.7 38.2 0.4 -4.24 -9.19 4.6 120.1 -0.1 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.69 -2.00 3.8 66.3 0.3 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.45 0.92 0.2 1.5 0.1 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.56 -1.59 0.8 11.2 0.8 8.50 -3-36 3.? 9-7 0.4 3.82 1.55 1.4 25.8 0.1 -25.21 -1.66 0.8 21.9 -0.6 16.33 -1.77 1.7 38.4 0.7 -7.70 -2.93 0.9 36.6 -0.2 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.93 -0.24 0.4 1.8 0.2 0.19 -3-97 0.5 27.5 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 10.29 20 21.34 54 29.17 44 30.21 13.79 5.02 20.90 -2.01 27.80 10.95 27.12 0.55 -1.67 0.5 0.15 0.9 -0.86 1.5 -1.14 1.4 10.9 0.2 18.7 -0.1 28.3 0.4 28.9 0.0 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 ALL VEHICLES 150 24.55 24.31 4.74 -1.01 1.2 23.5 0.2 25 9.85 13.89 4.41 -1.61 0.5 11.0 0.1 55 19-35 19.43 6.11 0.09 0.9 14.8 0.2 58 31.73 30.69 5.95 -1.90 1.6 38.0 0.2 12 37.33 19.70 -6.90 -0.88 1.9 18.7 -0.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 6'0 CO FAILURES: 60 FAILURE RATE: 50.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.75 0.7 AUDI 1 2.50 0.0 BUICK 6 1.62 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.05 0.9 CHEVROLET 30 1.92 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.76 0.4 DODGE 7 1.76 0.7 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.54 0.5 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 JEEP 3 2.05 0.1 LINCOLN 2 1.41 0.1 MERCURY 7 1.71 0.7 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.43 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 1.80 0.9 PONTIAC 7 2.10 0.5 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.04 0.5 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.12 1.0 VOLVO 2 2.13 0.5 32.53 23.5" 38.0 54.07 40.72 47.38 27.02 43.71 12.56 30.10 18.35 24.23 35.91 45.04 30.40 58 74 36.02 32.22 28.28 45.16 19.8 0.0 16.5 36.6 23.7 20.2 11.1 21.3 0.0 14.8 0.0 6.9 15.0 28.2 10.8 1 3.3 12.0 2.8 488.1 311-7 568.6 92.6 0.0 89.4 766.0 77.0 546.0 121.6 639.6 66.9 325.7 44.8 573.2 79.1 443.8 0.0 623.3 140.5 358.1 0.0 671.1 36.6 887.7 678.4 578.8 8.1 57.5 83.6 3-9 8.2 0.0 549.0 110.7 587.7 94.6 348.7 0.0 396.0 42.4 370.5 28.2 422.2 20.8 1.96 .41 1.72 0.00 1.38 .50 1.58 .36 1.46 .62 1.34 .17 1.83 .36 1.50 .64 1.08 0.00 1.96 .75 2.16 0.00 2.87 1.04 2.01 .29 1.77 1.03 1.59 .76 1.89 .80 1.62 .94 1.40 0.00 2.03 0.95 1.76 16.5 24. 14 :? .03 10.4 15.0 12.4 24.1 14.0 19.0 13.8 22.5 12.4 9.4 11.9 14.3 15.0 13.5 21.5 19.7 21.1 17.8 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.10 0.8 31-90 12.6 372.0 51.0 1.61 .57 21.0 151 - 250 20 1.68 0.7 34.34 18.8 U0.8 76.9 1.77 .53 16.7 251 - 350 54 1.76 0.6 36.51 21.6 583.8 54.6 1.53 .64 13.8 MORE THAN 350 44 1.63 0.6 38.90 19.1 711.9 95.6 1.99 .87 11.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 2.07 0.8 31.98 12.9 - 3799 - 4799 55 58 1.73 1.75 0.7 0.6 29.75 43.02 - 5799 12 1.60 0.8 38.36 24.7 358.4 49.0 1.54 .60 21.6 531.8 94.5 1.88 .64 15.6 633.8 89.4 1.59 .80 12.7 783-3 84.0 1.89 .65 10.5 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.78 0.7 35.94 18.9 562.5 143.0 1.71 .71 15.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 60 CO FAILURES: 60 FAILURE RATE: 50.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.29 0.4 AUDI 1 0.00 0.0 BUICK 6 1.15 0.7 CADILLAC 4 0.94 1.1 CHEVROLET 30 0.89 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 DATSUN 5 -0.13 0.3 DODGE 7 2.05 1.2 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.14 0.4 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.65 0.6 LINCOLN 2 2.00 2.8 MERCURY 7 0.80 1.3 OLDSMOBILE B 0.51 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 0.85 0.8 PONTIAC 7 0.47 0.7 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.31 0.5 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.3? 0.4 VOLVO 2 0.24 0.3 0.91 0.00 24.64 4. 20. 63-35 3-J 35.6 0.00 1.23 0.00 10.95 4.95 14.99 12.29 19-57 18.72 16.47 2.41 15.05 7.08 10.1 0.0 17.0 10 20 9.9 7.1 19.9 0.0 3-7 0.0 9.5 7.0 16.8 12.3 20.2 20.4 0.0 3.9 20.7 10.0 -9.8 0.0 ¦21.6 -3 22.3 2U 11.7 -46.5 0.0 -14.3 0.0 -14.4 .11:1 -10.9 -26.9 -8.0 -42.3 -2.7 -3.6 -7.2 21.5 0.0 15.0 26.3 36.7 44.1 26.1 45.6 0.0 44.4 0.0 33-9 24.5 56.0 19.1 29.6 30.5 0.0 4.3 8.6 10.2 0.33 .70 0.00 0.00 0.01 .40 0.11 .43 0.19 .27 ¦0.05 .22 -0.02 .05 0.16 .47 0.00 0.00 0.04 .30 0.00 0.00 0.46 .69 0.19 0.08 ¦0.31 .26 :U 0.37 .57 -0.12 .77 0.29 0.00 0.11 .20 0.13 .44 -0.07 .10 0.3 0.0 -0.5 0.1 -0.3 -1.0 -0.9 -0.3 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.0 -0.3 0.4 -0.2 -0.3 -0.5 0.8 -0.1 -1 .0 -0.2 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.30 0.6 7.77 11.3 -2-3 15.6 0.12 .25 -0.5 151 - 250 20 0.54 0.8 10.80 16.9 -24.4 50.8 -0.05 .28 0.1 251 -350 54 0.79 1.0 15.25 20.0 -21.8 31.4 0.20 .39 -0.1 MORE THAN 350 44 0.78 1.0 15.35 21.8 -21.1 42.8 0.00 .61 -0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2800 - 3799 55 3800 - 4799 58 4800 - 5799 12 ALL VEHICLES 150 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 E-138 0.28 0.49 0.88 1.04 0.6 7.92 12.0 -2.3 17.5 0.12 .26 -0.6 0.8 8.63 14.7 -19.0 39.5 0.12 .44 0.1 1 .0 20.20 23.3 -23.7 39.3 0.08 .40 -0.2 1.2 9.92 12.1 -16.0 29.5 -0.06 .81 -0.0 0.9 13.09 18.8 -17.8 36.4 0.09 .44 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 60 CO FAILURES: 60 FAILURE RATE: 50.0* # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 14.34 2.73 AUDI 1 0.00 0.00 BUICK 6 41.54 39-31 CADILLAC 4 31.45 7.44 CHEVROLET 30 31.73 33.42 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 DATSUN 5 -7.69 10.49 DODGE 7 53-86 44.94 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 FORD 35 8.59 3-93 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 JEEP 3 23.97 31.12 LINCOLN 2 58.59 12.11 MERCURY 7 31.84 24.97 OLDSMOBILE 8 26.08 28.80 PLYMOUTH 6 32.00 37.53 PONTIAC 7 18.47 28.16 PORSCHE 1 16.43 31.38 TOYOTA 6 13.27 6.96 VOLKSWAGON 5 15.44 34.73 VOLVO 2 10.02 13.56 14.50 0.00 0.88 6.61 11.30 -4.24 -1.12 9.46 0.00 1.80 0.00 13.88 8.50 4.21 ¦23.91 16.33 -7.70 17.24 5.16 11.98 -4.40 1.51 0.00 -3.64 1.38 -2.21 -9.19 -4.01 -2.39 0.00 1.21 0.00 -0.37 -3.36 3.39 -1.47 -1.77 -2.93 3.57 -0.45 -4.77 -0.97 0.6 0.0 2.2 1.9 1.7 4.6 -0.3 4.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.3 3-2 1.6 1.0 1.7 0.9 1.0 0.6 0.8 0.5 1.8 0.0 47.9 8.6 39.8 120.1 6.3 69.1 0.0 2.5 0.0 21.5 9.7 29.5 24.1 38.4 36.6 32.0 4.8 29.6 14.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 -0.1 -0.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.9 0.4 0.2 -0.6 0.7 -0.2 0.6 0.2 0.3 -0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 12.52 19.59 151 - 250 20 24.31 23-93 251 - 350 54 31-15 2q.46 MORE THAN 350 44 32.19 28.29 6.79 -2.58 0.6 15-3 0.2 -2.89 0.56 1.1 21 .3 -0.1 11.69 -0.54 1.6 29-9 0.4 0.13 -0.94 1.5 30.1 0.0 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 11.96 19.86 7.12 2800 - 3799 55 22.10 22.49 6.19 3800 - 4799 58 33.43 31.95 4.95 4800 - 5799 12 39.54 20.54 -3.42 -2.68 0.6 15.6 0.2 0.47 1.0 17.1 0.2 -1.82 1.7 39.5 0.2 -0.37 2.0 19.4 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 26.71 26.70 5.11 -1.06 1.3 25.7 0.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. §0011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 75 CO FAILURES: 75 FAILURE RATE: 60.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.75 0.7 AUDI 1 2.50 0.0 BUICK 6 1.62 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.05 0.9 CHEVROLET 30 1.92 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.76 0.4 DODGE 7 1.76 0.7 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.46 0.4 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 JEEP 3 1.83 0.4 LINCOLN 2 1.31 0.0 MERCURY 7 1.71 0.7 OLDSMOBILE & 1.42 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 1.80 0.9 PONTIAC 7 2.08 0.6 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 1.89 0.4 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.01 1.1 VOLVO 2 2.13 0.5 32.53 23.53 38.04 54.07 40.72 47.38 25.06 43.71 12.56 28.86 18.35 23.49 30.20 45.04 29.14 32.58 46.03 36.02 29-43 26.53 45.16 19.8 0.0 16.5 36.6 23.7 20.2 10.9 21.3 0.0 13-4 0.0 7.7 28.2 11.0 13-9 11.6 0.0 5.2 12.9 2.8 488.1 311-7 568.6 92.6 0.0 89.4 766.0 77.0 546.0 121.6 639.6 66.9 324.0 ,46.5 573.2 79.1 443.8 0.0 635.1 145.1 358.1 0.0 671.6 35.7 868.1 19.6 678.4 57.5 583.0 80.5 549.0 110.7 585.8 94.5 348.7 0.0 402.2 38.8 370.4 28.2 422.2 20.8 1.96 .41 1.72 0.00 1.38 .50 1.58 .36 1.46 .62 1.34 .17 1.81 1.50 1.08 0.00 1.79 .59 2.16 0.00 2.96 .91 2.07 .19 1.77 1.03 1.66 .75 1.89 .80 1.61 .94 1.40 0.00 1.92 .44 0.95 .69 1.76 .03 16.5 24.9 14.4 10.4 15.0 12.4 24.5 14.0 19.0 13.6 22.5 12.5 9.7 11.9 14.2 15.0 13.6 21.5 19.7 21.3 17.8 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.04 151 - 250 20 1.68 251 - 350 54 1.73 MORE THAN 350 44 1.59 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.6 30.50 12. 34.34 18. 35.65 21. 38.37 18. 51.7 1.57 .56 76.9 1.77 .53 585.0 55.0 1 - 53 .63 719.2 92.4 1.88 .78 21.1 16.7 13.9 11.4 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2.00 0.8 30.18 13.0 360.1 50.5 2800 - 3799 55 1.70 0.7 29.09 17-3 534.4 96.8 "800 - 4799 58 1.72 0.6 42.64 1&.9 638.6 93.6 800 - 5799 12 1.58 0.8 37.41 24.6 780.1 80.O ALL VEHICLES 150 1.75 0.7 35.18 18.9 565.3 144.4 1.67 .66 15.1 1.50 .58 21.8 1.85 .62 15.5 1.53 .70 12.7 1.90 .65 10.6 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 75 CO FAILURES: 75 FAILURE RATE: 60.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 0.29 0.4 0.00 0.0 1.15 0.7 0.94 §:II 1.1 0.9 0.7 -0.13 0.3 2.05 1.2 0.00 0.0 0.22 0.4 0.00 0.0 0.87 0.3 2.11 2.7 0.80 1.3 0.52 0.6 0.85 0.8 0.49 0.7 0.51 0.0 0.47 0.4 0.4 0.24 0.3 °12 0.91 0.00 24.64 4.35 20.44 63-35 5.12 35.68 0.00 2.48 0.00 11.69 10.65 14.99 13.56 19.57 20.43 16.47 5.20 16.80 7.08 10.1 0.0 17.0 10.3 20.4 -9.8 0.0 -21.6 9.9 -3 -22.3 7.3 19.9 0.0 5.6 0.0 8.2 1.1 16.8 11.3 20.2 19.0 0.0 19.4 10.0 lb3 -46.5 0.0 -26.1 0.0 -14.9 Jit:? -15.1 -26.9 -6.0 -42.3 -8.9 -3.5 -7.2 21.5 0.0 15.0 26.3 36.7 44.1 25.4 45.6 0.0 53.4 0.0 33.6 3.2 56.0 20.0 29.6 31.5 0.0 14.3 8.6 10.2 0.33 .70 0.00 0.00 0.01 .40 0.11 .43 0.19 .27 -0.05 .22 -0.00 .07 0.16 .47 0.00 0.00 0.21 .55 0.00 0.00 0.38 .79 0.12 0.08 -0.37 • 36 •37 .85 0.37 .57 -0.11 .77 0.29 0.00 0.22 0.14 -0.07 .21 .43 .10 0.3 0.0 -0.5 0.1 -0.3 -1.0 -1.3 -0.3 0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.6 0.4 -0.1 -0.3 -0.5 0.8 -0.1 -1.1 -0.2 "DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 151 - 250 20 251 - 350 54 MORE THAN 350 44 0.35 0.6 0.54 0.8 0.82 1.0 0.82 1.0 9.18 10.80 16.11 15.88 10.8 16.9 19.6 21.7 -al:6 16-9 ,4 50.8 -23.1 33.1 -28.3 49.1 0.15 •25 -0.6 -0.05 .28 0.1 0.21 .41 -0.1 0.11 .74 0.0 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 0.35 0.6 55 0.52 0.8 58 0.91 1.0 12 1.06 1.2 9-72 9.29 20.58 10.87 11.3 14.6 23.1 11.7 -4.0 -21.6 -28.5 -12.8 19.0 42.0 42.8 33-4 0.16 0.16 0.14 -0.07 ,26 .47 52 ,81 -0.7 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.68 0.9 13-85 18.5 -20.6 39-5 0.13 .50 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 75 CO FAILURES: 75 FAILURE RATE: 60.0% # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 14.34 2.73 14.50 1.51 0.6 1.8 0.7 AUDI 1 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 BUICK 6 41.54 39.31 0.88 -3.64 2.2 47.9 0.0 CADILLAC 4 31.45 7.44 6.61 1.38 1.9 8.6 0.2 CHEVROLET 30 31.73 33.42 11.30 -2.21 1.7 39.8 0.4 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 -4.24 -9.19 4.6 120.1 -0.1 DATSUN 5 -7.75 16.96 -0.14 -5.63 -0.3 10.1 -0.0 DODGE 7 53.86 44.94 9.46 -2.39 4.0 69.1 0.3 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 FORD 35 13.18 7.90 10.34 2.24 0.4 4.9 0.4 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 JEEP 3 32.06 33.23 11.29 -0.59 1.7 22.7 0.7 LINCOLN 2 61.74 26.08 5.54 -6.56 4.1 20.6 0.2 MERCURY 7 31.84 24.97 4.21 3.39 1.6 29.5 0.2 OLDSMOBILE 8 26.92 31.75 -28.99 -1.05 1.0 26.5 -0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 32.00 37.53 16.33 -1.77 1.7 38.4 0.7 PONTIAC 7 19.04 30.75 -7.35 -3.70 1.0 39.7 -0.2 PORSCHE 1 16.43 31.38 17.24 3-57 1.0 32.0 0.6 TOYOTA 6 19.74 15.02 10.12 -0.28 0.9 10.2 0.4 VOLKSWAGON 5 19.69 38.77 12.48 -5.59 1.0 32.8 0.3 VOLVO 2 10.02 13.56 -4.40 -0.97 0.5 14.0 -0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 14.80 23-13 8.76 -2.99 0.7 18.0 0.3 151 - 250 20 24.31 23•93 -2.89 0.56 1.1 21.3 -0.1 251 - 350 54 32.21 31.12 11.84 -0.60 1.6 31.5 0.4 MORE THAN 350 44 34.13 29.27 5.42 0.01 1.6 31.0 0.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 14.92 24.36 9.74 -3.18 0.7 19.0 0.3 2800 - 3799 55 23.47 24.20 7.66 0.61 1.0 18.3 0.3 3800 - 4799 58 34.49 32.56 6.09 -1.31 1.8 40.1 0.3 800 - 5799 12 40.21 22.51 -4.01 -0.83 2.1 21.2 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 28.15 28.26 7.27 -0.99 1.3 27.1 0.3 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 90 CO FAILURES: 89 FAILURE RATE: 70.0* # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.67 0.6 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.62 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.05 0.9 CHEVROLET 30 1.92 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.78 0.6 DODGE 7 1.76 0.7 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.44 0.5 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 JEEP 3 1.83 0.4 LINCOLN 2 1.31 0.0 MERCURY 7 1.71 0.7 OLDSMOBILE b 1.48 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 1.87 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.08 0.6 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 1.89 0.4 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.01 1.1 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.3 32.03 17.7" 38.0 54.07 40.49 47.38 21.89 43.71 12.56 28.30 18.35 23.49 30.20 45.04 27.98 31.08 46.03 36.02 29.43 26.53 41.31 18.5 0.0 16.5 36.6 23.7 20.2 11.3 21.3 0.0 12.9 0.0 7.7 §-9 28.2 11.6 10.6 11.6 0.0 5.2 12.9 8.2 495.2 311.5 568.6 92.7 0.0 89.4 766.0 77.0 548.1 120.5 639.6 66.9 335.4 78.6 79.1 0.0 21 1.89 .27 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 !:§8 1 5 34 .36 .62 .17 2.13 1.50 1.08 0.00 639.8 150.8 358.1 0.0 671.6 35.7 868.1 19.6 678.4 57.5 590.1 76.8 553.6 102.0 585.8 94.5 348.7 0.0 402.2 38.8 0.4 28.2 36.3 40.7 1.78 .58 2.16 0.00 2.96 .91 2.07 .19 1.77 1.03 1.70 .72 1.82 .83 1.61 .94 1.40 0.00 1.92 .44 0.95 .69 2.02 .41 16.3 25.6 14.4 10.4 15.0 12.4 24.5 14.0 19.0 13.6 22.5 12.5 9.7 11.9 14.1 14.9 13-6 21.5 19.7 21.3 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.02 0.8 29.63 13.4 375.1 151 - 250 20 1.73 0.8 32.07 16.6 464.6 251 - 350 54 1.73 0.6 35-53 21.8 589.0 MORE THAN 350 44 1.58 0.6 38.41 18.8 721.7 55.1 1.62 .58 21.1 67.3 1.80 .55 16.6 57-3 1-52 .60 13.8 95.6 1.87 .79 11.4 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 1.97 0.9 29.53 13.8 360.8 52.8 1.52 .60 21.8 2800 - 3799 55 1.71 0.7 28.08 16.2 537.7 92.1 1.86 .61 15.5 "800 - 4799 58 1.72 0.6 42.52 19.1 643.2 98.6 1.53 .69 12.6 800 - 5799 12 1.58 0.8 37.41 24.6 780.1 80.0 1.90 .65 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.75 0.7 34.65 18.8 568.4 145.2 1.68 .66 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 90 CO FAILURES: 89 FAILURE RATE: 70.0% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 0.37 0.4 0.25 0.0 1.15 0.7 0.94 1.1 0.89 0.9 2.44 0.7 -0.14 0.4 2.05 1.2 0.00 0.0 0.24 0.4 0.00 0.0 0.87 0.3 2.11 2.7 0.80 1.3 0.46 0.7 O.78 0.9 0.49 0.7 0.51 0.0 0.47 0.4 0.49 0.4 0.09 0.5 1.41 5.80 24.64 4.35 20.67 63-35 8.29 35.68 0.00 3.04 0.00 11.69 10.65 14.99 14.72 21.07 20.43 16.47 5.20 16.80 10.94 10.3 0.0 17.0 10.3 20.2 9.9 5.7 19.9 0.0 5.7 0.0 8.2 1.1 16.8 10.1 18.8 19.0 0.0 4.3 19.4 4.6 -16.9 0.3 -21.6 :IU -38.6 1.9 -46.5 0.0 -30.8 0.0 -14.9 -22.3 -31.6 -6.0 -42.3 -8.9 -3.5 -21.3 27.9 0.0 15.0 26.3 "".1 4.1 ft 46.8 45.6 0.0 58.9 0.0 33.6 3.2 56.0 23.7 26.5 31.5 0.0 14.3 8.6 9.7 0.40 ¦0.37 0.01 0.11 0.20 -0.05 ¦0.32 0.16 0.21 0.00 0.38 0.12 0.08 -0.41 0.43 -0.11 0.22 0.14 -0.34 .69 0.00 .40 ¦=r r-m 000 1 1 .43 .27 .22 0.1 -0.3 -1.0 .46 .47 0.00 -1.3 -0.3 0.0 .56 0.00 .79 0.4 0.0 -0.1 • 36 •37 .84 -0.6 0.4 -0.0 .54 .77 0.00 -0.2 -0-5 0.8 .21 .43 .27 -0.1 -1.1 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 20 0.49 0.9 13.07 15-7 -28.2 57- 3 -0.08 .37 0.2 251 - 350 54 0.82 1.0 1b.24 19-5 -27.1 34.6 0.21 .42 -0.0 MORE THAN 350 44 0.83 1.0 15-84 21.7 -30.9 50.5 0.12 .74 0.0 LESS THAN 151 32 0.38 0.6 10.05 10.3 -5-4 18.5 0.11 .33 -0.6 -- - - . . . •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 0.38 0.6 10.37 10.9 -4.7 20.2 0.14 .32 -0.7 2800 - 3799 55 0.51 0.8 10.30 14.1 -24.9 45.0 0.14 .52 0.2 800 - 4799 58 0.91 1.0 20.70 23.1 -33.1 44.5 0.14 .52 -0.1 800 - 5799 12 1.06 1.2 10.67 11.7 -12.8 33-4 -0.07 .81 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.69 0.9 14.38 18.2 -23.7 41.8 0.12 .52 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 90 CO FAILURES: 89 FAILURE RATE: 70.0% # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 18.13 4.23 17.65 AUDI 1 10.08 24.65 -21.78 BUICK 6 41.54 39.31 0.B8 CADILLAC 4 31.45 7.44 6.61 CHEVROLET 30 31.64 33-80 11.94 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 -4.24 DATSUN 5 -8.44 27.47 -17.74 DODGE 7 53-86 44.94 9.46 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 FORD 35 14.38 9.69 10.73 HONDA 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 JEEP 3 32.06 33-23 11.29 LINCOLN 2 61.74 26.08 5.54 MERCURY 7 31.84 24.97 4.21 OLDSMOBILE 8 23-91 34.47 -32.27 PLYMOUTH 6 29-33 40.40 19-18 PONTIAC 7 19-04 30-75 -7-35 PORSCHE 1 16.43 31.38 17.24 TOYOTA 6 19.74 15.02 10.12 VOLKSWAGON 5 19.69 38-77 12.48 VOLVO 2 4.00 20-94 -20.07 2.57 0.7 2.8 0.8 -2.94 0.5 11.1 -0.7 -3.64 2.2 47.9 0.0 1.38 1.9 8.6 0.2 -1.87 1-7 40.2 0.4 -9.19 4.6 120.1 -0.1 -5.80 -0.3 16.2 -0.6 -2.39 4.0 69.1 0.3 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.61 0.5 6.0 0.4 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.59 1.7 22.7 0.7 -6.56 4.1 20.6 0.2 3.39 1.6 29.5 0.2 -0.07 0.9 28.6 -0.8 -1.12 1.5 41.0 0.8 -3.70 1.0 39.7 -0.2 3.57 1.0 32.0 0.6 -0.28 0.9 10.2 0.4 -5.59 1.0 32.8 0.3 0.62 0.2 21.2 -0.7 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 15.83 25.33 6.21 -3.15 0.7 19.6 0.2 151 - 250 20 22.23 28.9b -4.92 1.06 1.0 25.6 -0.2 251 - 350 54 32.26 31-37 12.26 -0.02 1.6 31-7 0.4 MORE THAN 350 44 34.52 29-20 5-98 0.26 1.6 30.9 0.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 16.27 25.98 8.21 -3-53 0.7 20.2 - 3799 - 4799 . 55 22.94 26.84 7.14 1.12 1.0 20.2 58 34.62 32-74 8.32 -0.81 1.8 40.2 - 5799 12 40.21 22.51 -4.01 -0.83 2.1 21.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 28.24 29-33 6.82 -0.71 1.3 28.1 0.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 104 CO FAILURES: 103 FAILURE RATE: 80.7* # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.65 0.7 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.58 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.06 0.9 CHEVROLET 30 1.91 1.0 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.78 0.6 DODGE 7 1.76 0.7 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.42 0.5 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 JEEP 3 1.83 ) 0.4 LINCOLN 2 1.31 0.0 MERCURY 7 1 .69 0.7 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.48 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 1.88 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.08 0.6 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 1.89 0.4 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.01 1.1 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.3 32.41 18.0 495.4 92.9 17.73 0.0 311-5 0.0 37.60 16.1 578.9 92.3 52.83 38 34.8 766.5 76.6 24.0 545.0 120.2 20.2 639.6 66.9 21.89 11.3 335.4 78.6 43.71 21.3 573-2 79.1 12.56 0.0 443.8 0.0 28.01 13.0 649.0 154.7 18.35 0.0 358.1 0.0 23.49 7.7 671.6 35.7 30.20 6.9 868.1 19.6 45.50 27.6 672.1 63.0 27.98 11.6 590.1 75.8 30.57 11.1 555.6 102.6 46.03 11.6 585.8 94.5 36.02 0.0 348.7 0.0 29.43 5.2 402.2 38.8 26.53 12.9 370.4 28.2 41.31 8.2 436.3 40.7 1.86 .26 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 1.55 .31 1.47 .65 1.34 .17 2.13 .37 1.50 .64 1.08 0.00 1.74 .53 2.16 0.00 2.96 .91 2.07 .19 1.72 1.05 1.70 .72 1.85 .83 1.61 .94 1.40 0.00 1.92 .44 0.95 .69 2.02 .41 16.3 fill 10.4 15.1 12.4 24.5 14.0 19.0 13.4 22.5 12.5 9.7 12.0 14.1 14.8 13.6 21.5 19.7 21.3 17.5 'DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 3? 2.01 0.8 29.26 I3.3 JJ6.3 §6.3 1.§9 .56 21.1 151 - 250 20 1.72 0.8 31.88 16.8 4&4.3 67.5 1.80 .55 16. 251 - 350 54 1.72 0.6 35.36 21.7 587.8 57.2 1.51 .59 13-8 MORE THAN 350 44 1.55 0.6 38.29 18.6 728.5 96.5 1.86 .79 11.3 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 1.97 0.9 29.53 13.8 360.8 52.8 1.52 .60 21.8 89.8 1.83 .60 15.5 102.5 1.53 .70 12.5 79.9 1.90 .65 10.6 2800 - 3799 55 1.70 0.7 27.84 16.2 535-7 "800 - 4799 58 1.70 0.7 42.32 19.2 649.6 800 - 5799 12 1.58 0.8 36.99 23.5 780.2 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.73 0.7 34.45 18.8 570.1 147.2 1.67 .66 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 104 CO FAILURES: 103 FAILURE RATE: 80.7? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.39 0.4 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.19 0.7 CADILLAC 4 0.92 1.1 CHEVROLET 30 O.9O 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 DATSUN 5 -0.14 0.4 DODGE 7 2.05 1.2 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 FORD 35 0.27 0.4 HONDA 1 0.00 0.0 JEEP 3 0.87 0.3 LINCOLN 2 2.11 2.7 MERCURY 7 0.82 1.3 OLDSMOBILE b 0.46 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 0.77 0.9 PONTIAC 7 0.49 0.7 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.47 0.4 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.49 0.4 VOLVO 2 0.09 0.5 1.03 5.80 25.09 5.59 21.20 63-35 8.29 35.68 0.00 3.32 0.00 11.69 10.65 14.53 14.72 21.58 20.43 16.47 5.20 16.80 10.94 10.4 0.0 16.3 9.9 19.7 9.9 5.7 19.9 0.0 6.0 0.0 8.2 1.1 17.3 10.1 18.1 19.0 0.0 4. T6 •17.1 0-3 ¦31.8 ¦22.8 -22.3 -38.6 1.9 -46.5 0.0 -40.0 0.0 ¦14.9 J 6.9 2.1 22.3 -33.6 -6.0 -42.3 -8.9 -3.5 -21.3 27.7 0.0 18.0 25.8 43.5 44.1 46.8 45.6 0.0 59.6 0.0 33.6 23.7 24.0 31.5 0.0 14.3 8.6 9.7 0.43 .68 -0.37 0.00 0.01 .40 0.14 .42 0.18 .32 -0.05 .22 -0.32 .46 0.16 .47 0.00 0.00 0.26 .59 0.00 0.00 0.38 .79 0.12 0.13 -0.41 $ .84 0.41 .57 -0.11 .77 0.29 0.00 0.22 .21 0.14 .43 -0.34 .27 0.4 -0.7 -0.3 0.1 -0.4 -1.0 -1.3 -0.3 0.0 0.5 0.0 -0.1 -0.6 0.3 -0.0 -0.1 -O.5 0.8 -0.1 -1.1 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.38 0.6 10.42 151 - 250 20 0.50 0.9 13.26 251 - 350 0.83 1.0 16.41 MORE THAN 350 44 0.85 1.0 15.96 10.0 -6.5 18.7 0.13 .35 -0.6 15.5 -27.9 57.5 -0.09 .37 0.2 19.4 -25.8 39.6 0.23 .42 -0.0 21.7 -37.7 51.5 0.12 .77 0.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2800 - 3799 55 38OO - 4799 58 4800 - 5799 12 0.38 0.6 10.37 0.52 0.8 10.54 0.93 1.0 20.90 1.06 1.2 11.28 10.9 -4.7 20.2 14.0 -22.8 48.7 22.9 -39.5 44.9 11.4 -12.9 33.3 0.14 .32 -0.7 0.17 .52 0.1 0.14 .55 -0.0 -0.06 .81 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.70 0.9 14.58 18.1 -25.5 44.1 0.13 .53 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 104 CO FAILURES: 103 FAILURE RATE: 80.7% # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 19.07 AUDI 1 10.06 BUICK 6 -42.82 CADILLAC 4 30.95 CHEVROLET 30 32.00 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 DATSUN 5 -8.44 DODGE 7 53-86 FIAT 1 0.00 FORD 35 16.05 HONDA 1 0.00 JEEP 3 32.06 LINCOLN 2 61.74 MERCURY 7 32.80 OLDSMOBILE 8 23.91 PLYMOUTH 6 29.08 PONTIAC 7 19.04 PORSCHE 1 16.43 TOYOTA 6 19.74 VOLKSWAGON 5 19.69 VOLVO 2 4.00 3-09 24.65 40.02 9.56 34.66 57.21 27.47 44.94 0.00 10.61 0.00 33-23 26.08 24.20 34.47 41.38 30.75 31-38 1! 3« 102 20'.ll 18.90 2.68 0.8 2.0 -21.78 -2.94 0.5 11.1 0.99 -2.33 2.3 48.4 8.21 1.23 1.8 10.9 10.92 -2.55 1.7 41.0 -4.24 -9.19 4.6 120.1 -17.74 -5.80 -0.3 16.2 9.46 -2.39 4.0 69.1 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 12.96 3.58 0.5 6.5 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 11.29 -0.59 1.7 22.7 5.54 -6.56 4.1 20.6 6.90 2.43 1.6 28.4 -32.27 -0.07 0.9 28.6 18.07 -0.92 1.5 41.8 -7.35 -3.70 1.0 39.7 17.24 3.57 1.0 32.0 10.12 -0.28 0.9 10.2 12.48 -5.59 1.0 32.8 -20.07 0.62 0.2 21.2 0.8 -0.7 0.0 0.3 0.3 -0.1 -0.6 0.3 0.0 0.5 0.0 0.7 0.2 0-3 -0.8 0.8 -0.2 0.6 0.4 0.3 -0.7 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 151 350 32 20 54 44 15.93 22.57 32.64 35.45 26.25 29.37 31.69 29.42 7.46 -5.06 13.08 6.24 -3.06 0.92 -0.30 1.09 0.7 1.0 1.6 1.7 20.3 25.9 31.9 30.9 0.3 -0.2 0.4 0.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 25 58 12 16.27 23.39 "5.45 0.02 25.98 27.46 33-06 23-37 8.21 -3-53 0.7 20.2 0.3 8.66 0.76 1.0 20.6 0.3 8.17 -0.06 1.8 40.4 0.3 3.52 -0.88 2.1 21.9 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 28.72 29.73 7.42 -0.61 1.4 28.3 0.3 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 121 CO FAILURES: 121 FAILURE RATE: 89-3$ * OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.64 0.7 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.58 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.08 0.9 CHEVROLET 30 1.91 1.0 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.77 0.6 DODGE 7 1.76 0.7 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.42 0.5 HONDA 1 2.79 0.0 JEEP 3 1.83 0.4 LINCOLN 2 1.31 0.0 MERCURY 7 1.69 0.7 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.51 0.6 PLYMOUTH 6 1.88 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.08 0.6 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 1.89 0.4 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.03 1.0 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.3 MPG MEAN 32.28 17.73 37.60 54.14 3?:!1 23.91 43.71 12.56 28.04 17.09 23.49 27. I 18.2 0.0 16.1 33 - 9 24.0 20.2 0.57 6.03 36.02 29.47 26.55 41.31 493.5 90.4 311.5 0.0 578.9 92.3 765.2 76.5 545.0 120.2 639.6 66.9 11.0 21.3 0.0 13-0 0.0 7.7 6.9 27.6 11.9 11.1 11.6 0.0 5.3 12.9 8.2 335.9 m 1.84 .25 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 1.53 .31 1.47 .65 1.34 .17 78.4 79.1 0.0 2.09 1.50 1.08 0.00 652.4 158.1 316.8 0.0 671.6 35.7 868.1 672.6 590.5 76.2 19.6 64.2 555.6 102.6 585.8 94.5 348.7 0.0 400.5 38.0 366.6 25.9 436.3 40.7 1.75 .54 1.95 0.00 2.96 .91 2.07 .19 1.69 1.06 1.72 .72 1.85 .8 1.61 .9 1.40 0.00 2.02 .64 0.96 .69 2.02 .41 16.4 25.6 14.2 10.4 15.1 12.4 24.3 14.0 19.0 13-4 25.2 12.5 9.7 12.0 14.1 14.8 13.6 21.5 19.8 21.5 17.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.03 0.8 29.55 13.1 374.2 486.0 56.8 1.60 .59 21.2 151 - 250 20 1.73 0.8 31.77 17.0 68.7 1.81 .55 16.6 251 - 350 W 1.72 0.6 11:2? 2M 587.0 56.7 1.51 •59 13.8 MORE THAN 350 44 1.56 0.6 18.6 730.9 99.7 1.86 .80 11.3 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 1.99 0.9 29.90 13-6 358.1 52.6 2800 - 3799 55 1.71 0.7 27.77 16.2 535.5 89.0 25 1.99 0.9 55 1.71 0.7 58 1.70 0.6 12 1.59 0.8 Ul .64 21.9 .59 15.5 1.53 -V 12.5 1.89 .65 10.6 3800 - 4799 58 1.70 0.6 42.37 19^2 651i 6 16SI3 4800 - 5799 12 1.59 0.8 37.43 23-5 779.8 79.9 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.74 0.7 34.54 18.8 570.3 149.1 1.67 .66 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES : 121 CO # OF HC VEH. MEAN s.: •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.40 0 AUDI 1 0.25 0 BUICK 6 1.19 0 CADILLAC 4 0.91 1 CHEVROLET 30 0.90 0 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0 DATSUN 5 -0.13 0 DODGE 7 2.05 1 FIAT 1 0.00 0 FORD 35 0.26 0 HONDA 1 -0.36 0 JEEP 3 0.87 0 LINCOLN 2 2.11 2 MERCURY 7 0.82 1 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.43 0 PLYMOUTH 6 0.77 0 PONTIAC 7 0.49 0 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0 TOYOTA 6 0.46 0 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.48 0 VOLVO 2 0..09 0 CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. 89-3% NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN 1.16 5.80 25.09 4.27 21.23 63-35 6.2 35.6 0.00 3.29 1.26 11.69 10.65 14.10 15.09 21.58 20.43 16.47 5.15 16.77 10.94 10.4 0.0 16.3 11.2 19.6 9.9 9.7 19.9 0.0 6.0 0.0 8.2 1.1 17.8 9.6 18.1 19.0 0.0 4.3 19.4 4.6 ¦15.1 0-3 -31.8 -21.6 -22.2 -38.6 1.4 -46.5 0.0 -43-3 41.3 -14.9 J 6.9 2.6 22.7 ¦33.6 -6.0 -42.3 -7.3 0.3 -21.3 29.7 0.0 18.0 27.3 43.5 44.1 46.8 45.6 0.0 59.4 0.0 33.6 3.2 63.9 23.3 24.0 31.5 0.0 15.9 13.4 9.7 0.45 .67 -0.37 0.00 0.01 .40 0.16 .41 0.18 .33 -0.05 .22 -0.28 .50 0.16 .47 0.00 0.00 0.25 0.21 0.38 .60 0.00 .79 0.12 .36 0.16 .37 ¦0.44 .83 3 - 0.41 .57 ¦0.11 .77 0.29 0.00 0.12 .39 0.12 .44 -0.34 .27 0.4 -0.7 -0.3 0.1 -0.4 -1.0 -1.1 -0.3 0.0 0.5 -2.7 -0.1 -0.6 0.3 0.0 -0.1 -0.5 0.8 -0.1 -1.3 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.37 0.6 10.13 10.5 -4.4 21.1 0.12 .37 -0.7 151 - 250 20 0.4& 0.9 13.37 15.4 -29-6 57.1 -0.09 .37 0.2 251 - 350 54 0.83 1.0 16.44 19.4 -25.1 40.3 0.22 .42 -0.1 MORE THAN 350 44 0.85 1.0 15-78 21.8 -40.1 51.4 0.12 .77 0.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 0.37 0.6 10.00 2800 - 3799 55 0.51 0.8 10.61 "800 - 4799 58 0.93 1.0 20.86 800 - 5799 12 1.05 1.2 10.84 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.69 0.9 14.49 18.2 -25-7 44.8 0.13 .54 -0.1 11.5 -2.0 22.7 0.13 • 35 -0.9 14.0 -22.1 4q.1 0.17 .53 0.1 23.0 -41.4 44.6 0.14 0.0 11.9 -12.5 33.5 -0.06 .81 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 121 i # OF 1 VEH. HC *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 19-61 AUDI 1 10.08 BUICK 6 42.82 CADILLAC 4 30.39 CHEVROLET 30 31.93 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 DATSUN 5 -7 93 DODGE 7 53 *86 FIAT 1 0.00 FORD 35 15.66 HONDA 1 -14.67 JEEP 3 32.06 LINCOLN 2 61.74 MERCURY 7 32.60 OLDSMOBILE 0 22.31 PLYMOUTH 6 29.08 PONTIAC 7 19.04 PORSCHE 1 16.43 TOYOTA 6 19.74 VOLKSWAGON 5 19.03 VOLVO 2 4.00 CO FAILURES: 121 CO NOX FAILURE RATE: 89 -3% 1 MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR MPG~ HC CO NOX 2.37 0.8 2.3 0.9 -2.94 0.5 11.1 -0.7 -2.33 2.3 48.4 0.0 1.33 1.8 8.3 0.3 -2.57 W 41.1 0.3 -9.19 4.6 120.1 -0.1 -4.69 -0.3 12.2 -0.5 -2.39 4.0 69-1 0.3 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 3-89 0.5 6.4 0.5 -11.96 -0.7 2.5 0.4 -0.59 1.7 22.7 0.7 -6.56 4.1 20.6 0.2 2.54 1.6 27.5 0-3 -0.09 0.8 29.2 -0.8 -0.92 1.5 41.8 0.8 -3.70 1.0 39.7 -0.2 3.57 1.0 32.0 0.6 -0.59 0.9 10.0 0.2 -6.55 0.9 32.6 0.2 0.62 0.2 21.2 -0.7 3-48 24.65 40.02 7-31 34.72 57.21 20.79 44.94 0.00 10-51 6.89 33.23 26.08 23.49 35.35 41.38 30.75 31-38 14.88 33.71 20.94 19.68 -21.78 0.99 9.30 10.7 -4.2 -15.55 9.46 0.00 12.29 9.81 11.29 5.54 8.51 -34.02 18.07 -7.35 17.24 5.41 11.36 -20.07 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 15.41 25.^ 7.00 -^.4J 0.7 19-7 0.2 151 - 250 20 21.85 29.61 -5.43 1.14 0.9 26.0 -0.2 251 - 350 54 32.59 . 31.75 12.87 -0.43 1.6 31-9 0.4 MORE THAN 350 44 35.31 29.09 6.27 1.34 1.6 30.4 0.2 *INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 15.59 25.06 7.59 -4.05 0.7 19.4 - 3799 55 23.08 27.64 8.37 0.73 1.0 20.7 - 4799 58 35.39 32.99 8.11 0.10 1.8 40.1 - 5799 12 39.81 22.46 -3.19 -0.85 2.0 21.0 0.2 0.3 0.3 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 28.46 29-55 7.22 -0.68 1.3 28.1 0.3 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 121 CO FAILURES: 122 FAILURE RATE: 90.0% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.64 0.7 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.58 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.08 0.9 CHEVROLET 30 1.91 1.0 CHRYSLER 4 '1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.77 0.6 DODGE 7 1.76 0.7 FIAT 1 1.31 0.0 FORD 35 1.42 0.5 HONDA 1 2.79 0.0 JEEP 3 1.63 0.4 LINCOLN 2 1.31 0.0 MERCURY 7 1.69 0.7 OLDSMOBILE b 1.51 0.6 PLYMOUTH 6 1.88 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.08 0.6 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 1.89 0.4 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.03 1.0 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.3 32.28 17.73 37.60 54.14 39.93 47.38 23.91 43.71 12.56 28.07 17.09 23.49 30.20 45.93 27.60 30.57 46.03 36.02 29.47 26.55 41.31 18.2 0.0 16.1 33.9 24.0 20.2 11.0 21.3 0.0 13.0 0.0 7.7 6.9 27.6 11.9 11.1 11.6 0.0 5.3 12.9 8.2 493.5 311.5 578.9 765.2 545.0 639.6 335.9 443.8 653.6 316.8 671 -6 868.1 672.6 590.5 555.6 585.8 348.7 400.5 366.6 436.3 90.4 0.0 92.3 76.5 120.2 66.9 78.4 79.1 0.0 157.7 0.0 35.7 19.6 64.2 76.2 102.6 94.5 0.0 38.0 25.9 40.7 1.84 .25 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 1.53 .31 1.47 .65 1.34 .17 2.09 1.50 1.08 0.00 ¦1 1.74 .54 1.95 0.00 2.96 .91 2.07 .19 1.69 1.06 1.72 .72 1.85 .8 1.61 .9 1.40 0.00 2.02 .64 0.96 .69 2.02 .41 16.4 25.6 14.2 10.4 15.1 12.4 24.3 14.0 19.0 13.4 25.2 12.5 9.7 12.0 14.1 14.8 13.6 21.5 19.8 21.5 17.5 ~DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.03 0.8 29.55 13.1 374.2 56.8 1.60 .59 21.2 151 -250 20 1.73 0.8 31.77 17.0 486.0 68.7 1.81 .55 16.6 251 - 350 54 1.72 0.6 35.35 21.7 587.8 56.9 1.51 .58 13-8 MORE THAN 350 44 1.56 0.6 38.47 18.6 730.9 99-7 1.86 .80 11.3 •INERTIA WEIGHT - 2799 25 1.99 0.9 29.90 13.6 - 3799 - 4799 55 1.71 0.7 27.79 16.2 58 1.70 0.6 42.37 19.2 - 5799 12 1.59 0.8 37.43 23.5 358.1 52.6 1.53 .64 21.9 536-3 89.6 1.83 .60 15.5 651.6 106.3 1.53 -71 12.5 779.8 79.9 1.89 .65 10.6 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.74 0.7 34.55 18.8 570.6 149.1 1.67 .66 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 121 CO FAILURES: 122 FAILURE RATE: 90.0$ # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.40 0.4 1. 16 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 5. 80 BUICK 6 1.19 0.7 25. 09 CADILLAC 4 0.91 1.1 4. 27 CHEVROLET 30 0.90 0.9 21. 23 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63. 35 DATSUN 5 -0.13 0.4 6. 2Z DODGE 7 2.05 1.2 35. 68 FIAT 1 0.00 0.0 0. 00 FORD 35 0.26 0.4 3. 27 HONDA 1 -O.36 0.0 1. 26 JEEP 3 0.87 0.3 11. 69 LINCOLN 2 2.11 2.7 10. 65 MERCURY 7 0.82 1.3 14. 10 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.43 0.7 15. 09 PLYMOUTH 6 0.77 0.9 21. 58 PONTIAC 7 0.49 0.7 20. 43 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 16. 47 TOYOTA 6 0.46 0.4 5. 15 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.48 0.4 16. 77 VOLVO 2 0.09 0.5 10. 94 10.4 -15.1 29.7 0.45 .67 0.4 0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.37 0.00 -0.7 16.3 -31.8 18.0 0.01 .40 -0.3 11.2 -21.6 27.3 0.16 .41 0.1 19.6 -22.2 43.5 0.18 .33 -0.4 9-9 -38.6 44.1 -0.05 .22 -1.0 9.7 1.4 46.8-0.28 .50 -1.1 19.9 -46.5 45.6 0.16 .47 -0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 6.0 -44.6 58.9 0.26 .60 0.6 0.0 41.3 0.0 0.21 0.00 -2.7 8.2 -14.9 33-6 0.38 .79 -0.1 1.1 36.9 3.2 0.12 .36 -0.6 17.8 -42.6 63.9 0.16 .37 0.3 9-6 -22.7 23.3 -0.44 .83 -0.0 18.1 -33.6 24.0 0.41 .57 -0.1 19.0 -6.0 31.5 -0.11 .77 -0.5 0.0 -42.3 0.0 0.29 0.00 0.8 1.3 -7.3 15-9 0.12 .39 -0.1 19.4 0.3 13.4 0.12 .44 -1.3 4.6 -21.3 9.7 -0.34 .27 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT 151 - 250 20 0.48 0.9 13.37 15.4 -29.6 57.1 -0.09 -37 0.2 251 - 350 54 0.83 1.0 16.42 19.4 -25-9 40.3 0.23 .42 -0.0 MORE THAN 350 44 0.85 1.0 15.78 21.8 -40.1 51.4 0.12 .77 0.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2800 - 3799 55 3800 - 4799 58 4800 - 5799 12 0.37 0.6 10.00 0.51 0.8 10.59 0.93 1.0 20.86 1.05 1.2 10.84 11.5 -2.0 22.7 14.0 -23.5 49.0 23.0 -41.4 44.6 11.9 -12.5 33.5 0.13 .35 -0.9 0.18 .53 0.1 0.14 .55 0.0 -0.06 .81 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.69 0.9 14.48 18.2 -26.0 44.8 0.13 .54 -0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 121 CO FAILURES: 122 FAILURE RATE: 90.0$ # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX ~VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS Q 19.61 3.48 19.68 2.37 0.8 2.3 0.9 AUDI 1 10.08 24.65 -21.78 -2.94 0.5 11.1 -0.7 BUICK 6 42.82 40.02 0.99 -2.33 2.3 48.4 0.0 CADILLAC 4 30.39 7-31 9.30 1.33 1.8 8.3 0.3 CHEVROLET 30 31-93 34.72 10.73 -2.57 1.7 41.1 0.3 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 -4.24 -9.19 4.6 120.1 -0.1 DATSUN 5 -7.93 20.79 -15.55 -4.69 -0.3 12.2 -0.5 DODGE 7 53.86 44.94 9-46 -2.39 4.0 69.1 0.3 FIAT 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 FORD 35 15.50 10.42 12.85 4.10 0.5 6.3 0. -14.f " 19.68 2.37 0.8 2.3 -21.78 -2.94 0.5 11.1 0.99 -2.33 2.3 48.4 9-30 1.33 1.8 8.3 10.73 -2.57 1.7 41.1 -4.24 -9.19 4.6 120.1 -15.55 -4.69 -0.3 12.2 9.46 -2.39 4.0 69.1 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 12.85 4.10 0.5 6.3 9.81 -11.96 -0.7 2.5 11.29 -0.59 1.7 22.7 5.54 -6.56 4.1 20.6 8.51 2.54 1.6 27.5 -34.02 -0.09 0.8 29.2 18.07 -0.92 1.5 41.8 -7- 35 -3.70 1.0 39.7 17.24 3.57 1.0 32.0 5.41 -0.59 0.9 10.0 11.36 -6.55 0.9 32.6 -20.07 0.62 0.2 21.2 HONDA 1 -14.67 6.89 9.81 -11.96 -0.7 2.5 0.4 JEEP 3 32.06 33-23 11.29 -0.59 1.7 22.7 0.7 LINCOLN 2 61.74 26.08 5.54 -6.56 4.1 20.6 0.2 MERCURY 7 32.60 23.49 8.51 2.54 1.6 27.5 0.3 OLDSMOBILE 8 22.31 35.35 -34.02 -0.09 0.8 29-2 -0. PLYMOUTH 6 29-08 41.38 18.07 -0.92 1.5 41.8 0.8 PONTIAC 7 19.04 30.75 -7-35 -3-70 1.0 39.7 -0.2 PORSCHE 1 16.43 31.38 17.24 3-57 1.0 32.0 0.6 TOYOTA 6 19-74 14.88 5.41 -0.59 0.9 10.0 0.2 VOLKSWAGON 5 19-03 38.71 11-36 -6.55 0.9 32.6 0.2 VOLVO 2 4.00 20.94 -20.07 0.62 0.2 21.2 -0.7 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 15.41 25.53 7-00 -3.47 0.7 19.7 0.2 151 - 250 20 21.85 29-61 -5-43 1.14 0.9 2b.0 -0.2 251 - 350 54 32.53 31-72 13.29 -0.29 1.6 31.8 0.4 MORE THAN 350 44 35-31 29-09 6.27 1.34 1.6 30.4 0.2 *INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 15-59 25.06 7.59 -4.05 0.7 19-4 0.2 2800 - 3799 55 23-00 27-60 S.72 0.85 1.0 20.6 0.3 "800 - 4799 58 35.39 32.99 8.11 0.10 1.8 40.1 0.3 800 - 5799 12 39.81 22.46 -3.19 -0.85 2.0 21.0 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 150 28.44 29.54 7-36 -0.64 1.3 28.1 0.3 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 150 CO FAILURES: 150 FAILURE RATE: 100.0* # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 1.68 0.7 AUDI 1 2.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.58 0.5 CADILLAC 4 2.08 0.9 CHEVROLET 30 1.94 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 5 1.77 0.6 DODGE 7 1.76 0.7 FIAT 1 1-53 0.0 FORD 35 1.47 0.5 HONDA 1 2.79 0.0 JEEP 3 1.83 0.4 LINCOLN 2 1.31 0.0 MERCURY 7 1.72 0.7 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.51 0.6 PLYMOUTH 6 1.88 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.29 0.7 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 TOYOTA 6 2.05 0.3 VOLKSWAGON 5 2.03 1.0 VOLVO 2 2.27 0.3 34.19 17.73 37.60 54.14 40.39 47.38 23.91 43-71 17.52 29.17 17.09 23.49 30.20 49.62 27.60 18:.. 36.02 30.47 26.55 41.31 18.5 0.0 16.1 33.9 23.9 20.2 11.0 21.3 0.0 11.9 0.0 7.7 6.9 34.7 11.9 11.1 14.1 0.0 6.4 12.9 8.2 505.8 311.5 578.9 765.2 546.3 639.6 335.9 573.2 408.6 654. 316. 671.6 868.1 687.9 590.5 555.6 587.5 348.7 402.7 366.6 436.3 82.4 0.0 92.3 76.5 124.4 66.9 78.4 79.1 0.0 157.6 0.0 35.7 19.6 77.1 76.2 102.6 99.4 0.0 41.2 25.9 40.7 1.75 .27 2.09 0.00 1.38 .50 !:8 1.34 •31 .65 .17 2.09 .39 1.50 .64 0.94 0.00 1.68 .54 1.95 0.00 2.96 .91 2.07 .19 1.72 1.04 1.72 .72 1.85 .83 1.57 .97 1.40 0.00 2.09 .68 0.96 .69 2.02 .41 15.9 25.6 14.2 10.4 15.0 12.4 24.3 14.0 20.1 13.3 25.2 12.5 9.7 11.7 14.1 14.8 13.5 21.5 19.6 21.5 17.5 1.61 .61 21.2 1-73 .51 16.4 1.48 .62 13-8 1.85 .79 11.2 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 2.06 0.8 29.89 13-0 373-5 56.3 151 - 250 20 1.77 0.8 32.54 17.2 491.2 64.2 251 - 350 54 1.7§ 0.7 36.48 21.3 588.3 58.0 MORE THAN 350 44 1.58 0.6 39-35 20.5 735.1 100.7 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 2.03 0.9 30.34 13.4 357.2 51.7 2800 - 3799 55 1.77 0.7 29.05 16.3 539.1 88.3 3800 - 4799 58 1.72 0.7 43.08 20.6 653-3 108.5 4800 - 5799 12 1.60 0.8 37-82 23.2 784.5 82.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 1.78 0.7 35-39 19-2 572.6 150.3 1.65 .67 15.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 E-155 1.55 .66 21.9 1.78 .62 15.4 1 - 53 .71 12.5 1.82 -59 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 150 CO FAILURES: 150 FAILURE RATE: 100.0? # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 0.36 0.4 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 BUICK 6 1.19 0.7 CADILLAC 4 0.91 1.1 CHEVROLET 30 0.87 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 DATSUN 5 -0.13 0.4 DODGE 7 2.05 1.2 FIAT 1 -0.22 0.0 FORD 35 0.21 0.5 HONDA 1 -0.36 0.0 JEEP 3 0.87 0.3 LINCOLN 2 2.11 2.7 MERCURY 7 0.79 1.3 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.43 0.7 PLYMOUTH 6 0.77 0.9 PONTIAC 7 0.28 0.9 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 TOYOTA 6 0.31 0.7 VOLKSWAGON 5 0.48 0.4 VOLVO 2 0.09 0.5 -0.75 5.80 25.09 4.27 20.77 63-35 6.2 2.16 1.26 11.69 10.65 10.41 15.09 21.58 17.58 16.47 4.16 16.77 10.94 11.3 0.0 16.3 11.2 20.2 9.9 9.7 19.9 0.0 7.4 0.0 8.2 1.1 23.1 9.6 18.1 22.9 0.0 6.1 -27.5 0-3 -31.8 -21.6 -23.6 -38.6 1.4 -46.5 35.1 -45.7 41.3 -14.9 36.9 -57.9 -22.7 -33.6 -7.8 -42.3 -9.5 0.3 -21.3 38.2 0.0 18.0 27.3 44.4 44.1 46.8 45.6 0.0 59.5 0.0 33.6 6?:i 23-3 24.0 32.1 0.0 15.6 13.4 9.7 0.54 -0.37 0.01 .63 0.00 .40 0.9 -0.7 -0.3 0.16 0.19 -0.05 .41 • 38 .22 0.1 -0.3 -1.0 -0.28 0.16 0.14 .50 .47 0.00 -1.1 -0.3 -1.1 0.32 0.21 0.38 . 60 0.00 .79 0.6 -2.7 -0.1 0.12 0.14 -0.44 .36 :3S -0.6 0.5 -0.0 0.41 -0.07 0.29 .57 .79 0.00 -0.1 -0.4 0.8 0.04 0.12 -0.34 .46 .44 .27 0.0 -1.3 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 32 0.33 0.6 9-79 10.9 -3-7 22.2 0.11 .39 -0.7 151 - 250 20 0.45 0.9 12.59 16.3 -34.7 58.6 -0.01 .46 0.4 251 - 350 54 0.77 1.0 15.29 20.6 -26.3 41.4 0.25 .43 0.0 MORE THAN 350 44 0.83 1.0 14.90 22.8 -44.2 51.3 0.14 .78 0.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 25 0.32 0.6 9.56 2800 - 3799 55 0.45 0.9 9-33 38OO - 4799 58 0.91 1.0 20.15 4800 - 5799 12 1.04 1.2 10.45 ALL VEHICLES 150 0.65 0.9 13-64 12.0 -1.1 24.1 0.11 .37 -0.9 15.3 -26.3 50.5 0.22 .55 0.3 23-9 -43.1 45.4 0.14 •§5 0.0 12.4 -17.2 35.5 0.01 .85 -0.0 19.1 -27.9 46.0 0.15 .55 -0.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. §0011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR FEDERAL TEST PROCEDURE INSPECTION HC FAILURES: 150 CO FAILURES: 150 FAILURE RATE: 100.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 9 AUDI 1 BUICK 6 CADILLAC 4 CHEVROLET 30 CHRYSLER 4 DATSUN 5 DODGE 7 FIAT 1 FORD 35 HONDA 1 JEEP 3 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH 6 PONTIAC 7 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 5 VOLVO 2 17.73 10.08 42.82 30.39 31.04 57.65 53l?l -17.23 12.51 ¦14.67 32.06 61.74 31.50 22.31 29.08 10.96 16.43 13-08 19.03 4.00 -2.23 24.65 40.02 7.31 33-97 57.21 20.7 44.9 -39.52 6.90 6.89 33.23 26.08 17.33 35.35 41.38 26.46 31.38 12.02 38.71 20.94 23.59 -21.78 0.99 11.48 -4.24 -15.55 9.46 13-28 15.91 9.81 11.29 5.54 7.36 -34.02 18.07 -4.4 17.2 2.01 11.36 -20.07 5.28 0.7 -1.4 1.0 -2.94 0.5 11.1 -0.7 -2.33 2.3 48.4 0.0 1.33 1.8 8.3 0.3 -2.37 1.7 40.0 0.4 -9.19 4.6 120.1 -0.1 -4.69 -0.3 12.2 -0.5 -2.39 4.0 69.1 0.3 -6.04 -0.4 -9.5 0.3 4.56 0.4 4.2 0.6 -11.96 -0.7 2.5 0.4 -0.59 1.7 22.7 0.7 -6.56 4.1 20.6 0.2 4.47 1-5 20.2 0.3 -0.09 0.8 29.2 -0.8 -0.92 1.5 41.8 0.8 -2.89 0.5 33.9 -0.1 3.57 1.0 32.0 0.6 0.14 0.6 8.1 0.1 -6.55 0.9 32.6 0.2 0.62 0.2 21.2 -0.7 ~DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 32 20 a 13.89 20.45 30.25 34.59 24.67 27.90 29.53 27.47 6.4 -0.5 14.46 7.07 1:8 0.08 1.91 0.6 0.9 1.6 19.0 24.4 28.6 0.2 -0.0 0.5 0.3 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 800 - 4799 "00 - 5799 IS 25 58 12 13.61 20.34 IS U? 23.96 24.31 31.87 21.66 6.89 11.10 8.12 0.66 -4.10 1.71 0.35 -0.22 0.6 0.9 1.7 2.0 18.5 18.1 38.7 20.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.0 ALL VEHICLES 150 26.88 27.82 8.54 -0.21 1.3 26.3 0.3 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS BEFORE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE AIR PUMP, NO CONVERTER # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 4 2.67 0.6 53-48 17.0 400.7 26.3 1.91 .22 18.1 AUDI 1 2.50 0.0 23.53 0.0 311-7 0.0 1.72 0.00 24.9 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 0 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 4 1.69 0-3 33-92 13-0 3^1-6 50.0 1.86 .42 22.6 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 10 2.08 0.8 44.78 15-0 477.4 82.5 2.01 .65 16.5 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 2 2.37 0.9 61.16 12.5 577-1 67-6 2.46 1.46 13-2 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 1 2.72 0.0 39-02 0.0 612.6 0.0 4.79 0.00 13-0 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 6 2.36 0.8 34.63 4.7 393-3 41.9 2.14 .34 19-6 VOLKSWAGON 0 VOLVO 2 2.37 0.9 52.25 12.8 415.0 30.9 1.68 .14 17.6 ~DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 17 2.15 0.8 35-72 10.6 383.4 48.1 2.03 .37 20.2 151 - 250 8 2.17 0.6 54.33 13.8 464.2 83-9 1.58 .44 16.3 251 - 350 2 2.49 0.1 45.08 18.4 496.1 121.2 2.29 -25 16.0 MORE THAN 350 3 2.76 0.2 54.14 15.5 595-5 40.7 3-72 .98 12.9 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 12 1.98 0.7 32.89 9.5 368.8 49.3 2.05 .33 21.1 2800 - 3799 18 2.41 0.6 49.99 13-7 477-0 87-5 2.12 .92 16.2 38OO - 4799 0 4800 - 5799 0 ALL VEHICLES 30 2.24 0.7 43-15 14.7 433-7 91-2 2.09 -74 18.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE AIR PUMP & NO CONVERTER HC FAILURES: 11 CO FAILURES: 11 FAILURE RATE: 50.0$ # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 4 2.57 0.6 51.97 15-3 400.6 26.1 1.92 .21 18.2 AUDI 1 2.50 0.0 23.53 0.0 311.7 0.0 1.72 0.00 24.9 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 0 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 4 1.94 0.5 25.85 8.2 342.8 88.7 2.10 .42 23-7 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 10 1.78 0.6 39.13 13-9 494.2 93.5 1.77 .55 16.3 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 2 1.76 0.0 44.66 10.8 605.2 107-3 2.04 .86 13-2 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 1 1.77 0.0 21.00 0.0-653.7 0.0 3.40 0.00 12.8 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 6 1.97 0.5 30.64 6.3 396.0 42.3 1-99 .33 19-9 VOLKSWAGON 0 VOLVO 2 2.51 0.7 48.39 18.2 429.0 50.8 1.95 .51 17-3 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 2 MORE THAN 350 3 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1.94 0.6 30.87 10.3 2.11 0.7 50.33 2.49 0.1 45.08 18.4 1.88 0.2 33.18 10.8 382.7 55.4 1.96 • 34 20.7 480.9 79.4 1.66 .54 15.9 496.1 121.2 2.29 •25 16.0 660.0 18.7 2.57 .88 12.4 1800 - 2799 12 1.82 0.6 27.96 7.2 365.6 55.6 1.95 .30 21.8 2800 - 3799 18 2.15 0.6 43.42 14.4 496.6 100.4 1.97 .62 15-9 3800 - 4799 0 4800 - 5799 0 ALL VEHICLES 30 2.01 0.6 37.23 14.1 444.2 106.5 1-96 .51 18.3 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE AIR PUMP & NO CONVERTER HC FAILURES: 11 CO FAILURES: 11 FAILURE RATE: 50.0% # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 4 0.10 0.2 1.51 3.0 0.1 0.2 -0.01 .01 -0.1 AUDI 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 0 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 4 -0.24 0.3 8.07 6.6 -1.2 53-4 -0.24 .49 -1.1 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 10 0.30 0.7 5.65 6.2 -16.8 63-7 0.24 .41 0.1 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 -28.1 MERCURY 2 0.61 0.9 16.50 23-3 39-7 0.43 .60 0.0 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 1 0.96 0.0 18.02 0.0 -41.1 0.0 1.39 0.00 0.2 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 6 0.39 0.5 3.99 4.6 -2.8 4.2 0.15 .20 -0.2 VOLKSWAGON 0 3.86 -0.26 VOLVO 2 -0.14 0.2 5.5 -14.1 19.9 • 37 0.3 "DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 0.21 0.6 4.86 5.8 0.7 16.8 0.07 .23 -0.5 151 - 250 8 0.06 0.5 4.00 4.5 -16.7 68.4 -0.08 .41 0.4 251 - 350 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 MORE THAN 350 3 0.88 0.4 20.96 10.9 -64.4 28.5 1.15 .27 0.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 12 0.17 0.4 4.93 5-6 3.2 18.1 0.10 .18 -0.7 2800 - 3799 18 0.26 0.6 6.58 8.9 -19.6 50.3 0.15 .57 0.2 3800 - 4799 0 4800 - 5799 0 ALL VEHICLES 30 0.22 0.6 5.92 7.7 -10.5 41.7 0.13 .45 -0. 1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE AIR PUMP & NO CONVERTER HC FAILURES: 11 CO FAILURES: 11 FAILURE RATE: 50.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 4 3-86 2.83 -0.30 -0.47 10.9 160.2 -0.6 AUDI 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 0 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 4 -14.44 23.80 -13-20 -4.83 -14.4 476.4 -14.5 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 10 14.64 12.61 11.73 0.88 23.1 427-9 17-8 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 2 25.85 26.98 17.30 0.02 46.4 1249.9 32.3 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 1 .35.15 46.18 28.97 1.40 46.3 870.4 67.1 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 6 16.38 11.53 6.99 -1.20 29.2 302.3 11.3 VOLKSWAGON 0 VOLVO 2 -6.02 7.38 -15.67 1.59 -10.8 292.2 -20.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 17 9.69 13-60 3-35 -2.57 16.3 380.8 5.3 151 - 250 6 2.99 7-37 -5.20 2.4$ 4.9 303-4 -6.2 251 - 350 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 MORE THAN 350 3 31.96 38.72 31.00 4.27 42.6 1012.6 55-8 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 12 8.34 14.98 4.95 -3.20 12.5 373-3 7-7 2800 - 3799 18 10.88 13-16 7-19 1-44 19.8 498.2 11.5 3800 - 4799 0 4800 - 5799 ALL VEHICLES 30 9-98 13-71 6-31 -0.72 16.9 448.2 10.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE AIR PUMP, NO CONVERTER HC FAILURES: 30 CO FAILURES: 30 FAILURE RATE: 100.0$ # OF HC CO CO2 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 4 AUDI 1 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 0 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 4 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 10 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 2 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 1 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 0 VOLVO 2 2.21 0.4 47.49 16.9 438.5 40.8 1.65 .25 17-2 2.25 0.0 17.73 0.0 311.5 0.0 2.09 0.00 25.6 1.93 0.5 28.37 5.3 343.5 88.4 2.05 .44 23-4 1.73 0.6 36.70 13-3 512.2 99.6 1.59 .35 16.0 1.39 0.5 37.88 1.2 655.0 36.7 2.01 .90 12.4 1.77 0.0 21.00 0.0 653.7 0.0 3-40 0.00 12.8 2.05 0.3 30.47 6.4 402.7 41.2 2.09 .68 19.6 2.27 0.3 41.31 8.2 436.3 40.7 2.02 .41 17-5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 2 3 1.90 1.94 1.98 1.88 0.5 0.7 0.5 0.2 29.46 47.41 35.38 15.0 33.18 10.8 7.7 13.0 390.1 59.0 508.7 84.6 565.9 135.3 660.0 18.7 2 95 56 1.72 ,57 .44 20.5 ,53 15.3 .02 14.6 ,88 12.4 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 12 2800 - 3799 18 3800 - 4799 0 4800 - 5799 0 1.81 0.5 28.13 7.0 371.9 60.0 1.99 .50 21.5 1.98 0.5 39.60 13.0 519-5 100.8 1.83 .60 15.5 ALL VEHICLES 30 1.91 0.5 35.01 12.3 460.5 112.8 1.89 .56 17-9 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE AIR PUMP, NO CONVERTER HC FAILURES: 30 CO FAILURES: 30 FAILURE RATE: 100.0* # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. ' MEAN S.D. -MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 4 0.46 0.5 6.00 12.1 -37-9 48.1 0.26 .22 0.9 AUDI 1 0.25 0.0 5.80 0.0 0.3 0.0 -0.37 0.00 -0.7 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 0 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 4 -0.23 0.3 5.55 11.1 -1.9- 53-4-0.20 .53 -0.8 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 10 0.36 0.7 8.08 5.1 -34.8 63-5 0.42 .43 0.5 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 2 0.98 0.4 23-27 13-8 -77-9 30.9 0.45 .57 0.8 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 1 0.96 0.0 18.02 0.0 -41.1 0.0 1.39 0.00 0.2 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 6 0.31 0.7 4.16 6.1 -9.5 15.6 0.04 .46 0.0 VOLKSWAGON 0 VOLVO 2 0.09 0.5 10.94 4.6 -21.3 9.7 -0.34 .27 0.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 1Z 0.25 0.6 6.27 151 - 250 0.23 0.6 6.92 251 - 350 2 0.52 0.4 9-70 MORE THAN 350 3 0.88 0.4 20.96 10.9 -6.7 -44.5 -69.8 -64.4 21.5 0.07 74.8 0.01 14.2 0.57 28.5 1.15 .40 .46 .23 .27 -0.3 1.0 1.4 0.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 12 2800 - 3799 18 3800 - 4799 0 4800 - 5799 0 0.17 0.42 0.6 0.6 4.76 10.39 -3.1 24.0 0.06 .36 -0.4 -42.5 53-3 0.29 .59 0.7 ALL VEHICLES 30 0.32 0.6 8.14 8.6 -26.8 47.6 0.20 .52 0.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE AIR PUMP, NO CONVERTER HC FAILURES: 30 CO FAILURES: 30 FAILURE RATE: 100.0$ # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 4 AUDI 1 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 0 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 4 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 10 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 2 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 1 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 6 VOLKSWAGON 0 VOLVO 2 17.20 11.21 13-53 5.15 10.08 24.65 -21.78 -2.91 22.2 289.7 12.5 9.2 210.6 -13.6 -13.83 16.37 -10.53 -3-40 -11.3 268.3 -9.4 17.16 18.05 20.87 3-15 16.8 381.0 19.8 41.18 38.05 18.33 6.03 35.15 46.18 28.97 1.40 13.08 12.02 2.01 . 0.14 4.00 20.94 -20.07 0.62 47.2 1124.2 21.8 46.3 870.4 67.1 14.3 192.9 2.0 4.6 528.5 -16.3 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 151 - 250 251 - 350 MORE THAN 350 2 3 11.44 10.52 20.70 31.96 17.55 12.74 21.52 38.72 3.60 -1.49 11.3 288.7 3-4 0.80 6.12 11.0 334.5 0.6 24.91 8.58 24.9 468.7 27.5 31.00 4.27 42.6 1012.6 55.8 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 38OO - 4799 4800 - 5799 12 18 0 0 8.68 17.57 14.48 20.79 3.12 13.57 -1.86 4.11 7.9 20.2 219.4 495.3 3.0 13.7 ALL VEHICLES 30 14.42 18.87 9.47 1.33 15.2 382.7 9-3 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS BEFORE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE AIR PUMP & CONVERTER # OF HC CO C02 VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 3 0.91 0.1 11.43 1.3 601.7 22.5 AUDI 0 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 1 2.81 0.0 12.24 0.0 822.2 0.0 CHEVROLET 5 1.10 0.4 16.64 6.1 665.3 147.5 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 1 1.42- 0.0 15.21 0.0 320.1 0.0 DODGE 0 FIAT 1 1-31 0.0 12.56 0.0 443.8 0.0 FORD 25 1.53 0.4 25.95 11.8 661.7 104.8 HONDA 0 JEEP 1 2.02 0.0 19.87 0.0 630.1 0.0 LINCOLN 2 3.41 2.7 40.85 8.0 905.0 16.4 MERCURY 5 2.57 2.3 59.58 43.5 651 .1 109.5 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 3 1.68 0.1 23.52 5.8 375.9 13.8 VOLVO 0 NOX MPG MEAN S.D. MEAN 1.0 .09 14.3 0.00 10.4 .46 13-3 1.63 0.00 1.08 0.00 2.00 .74 1.82 0.00 2.20 .55 1.61 1.02 25.5 19.0 12.9 13.3 9.1 11.9 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 6 1.52 0.2 18.11 151 - 250 3 1.09 0.1 16.70 251 - 350 15 1.67 1.4 22.24 MORE THAN 350 23 1.79 0.9 34.08 7.1 388.4 .3 506.8 28.2 605.2 15.1 745.8 47.2 1.05 .44 21.2 3.8 1.98 .76 16.5 57.0 1.61 •32 13.9 90.1 2.21 .78 11.2 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800-2799 5 1.55 0.2 19.67 6.7 378.3 44.9 1.00 .47 21.6 2800-3799 18 1.57 1.3 19.97 25.7 574.2 66.6 1.65 .47 14.7 3800-4799 18 1.52 0.3 35.32 15.3 710.9 71.7 2.21 .82 11.6 4800 - 5799 6 2.55 1.6 30.46 13.8 843.4 52.9 2.14 .64 9.9 ALL VEHICLES 47 1.67 1.0 27.16 20.2 640.1 143.3 1.86 .74 13.7 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE AIR PUMP & CONVERTER HC FAILURES: 16 CO FAILURES: 18 FAILURE RATE: 48.9% ft OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 3 0.91 0.1 AUDI 0 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 1 1.16 0.0 CHEVROLET 5 1.14 0.4 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 1 1.13 0.0 DODGE 0 FIAT 1 1.53 0.0 FORD 25 1.47 0.4 HONDA 0 JEEP 1 2.02 0.0 LINCOLN 2 3.31 2.8 MERCURY 5 1.88 0.8 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 1.68 VOLKSWAGON 3 0.1 VOLVO 0 11 .43 1.3 601.7 22.5 2.05 .09 14.59 16.80 0.0 6.3 873.4 667.2 0.0 144.9 1.35 2.33 0.00 .50 6.06 0.0 305.8 0.0 2.25 0.00 17.52 0.0 408.6 0.0 0.94 0.00 26.40 9-6 693.0 128.1 1.80 .71 19.87 0.0 630.1 0.0 1.82 0.00 35.14 53.67 0.1 42.2 885.4 709.8 44.1 78.5 2.26 1.67 .46 1.15 23.52 5.8 375.9 13.8 0.76 .40 14.3 9.9 13.2 27.8 20.1 12.5 13-3 9-3 11.3 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 6 1.51 0.2 151 - 250 3 1.21 0.2 251 - 350 15 1.53 0.6 MORE THAN 350 23 1.58 0.9 17.41 18.71 21.42 33-20 8.5 380.2 45.2 1.13 .64 21.8 5.4 509.6 25.5 1.49 .40 16.4 17.7 622.2 48.0 1.60 .52 13.5 19.5 782.2 92.5 2.13 .77 10.7 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 5 2800 - 3799 18 3800 - 4799 18 4800 - 5799 6 ALL VEHICLES 47 1.54 1.48 1.39 2.12 0.3 0.6 0.4 1 .6 18.83 19.62 34.97 28.13 8.6 16.0 21.2 9.9 368.4 588.8 52.9 56.7 89^8 42.6 1.53 0.7 26.50 18.2 662.4 157.0 1.79 1.09 .71 22.3 1.55 14.4 2.13 .83 11.1 2.08 .52 9.8 1.79 .74 13.4 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE AIR PUMP & CONVERTER HC FAILURES: 16 CO FAILURES: 18 FAILURE RATE: 48.9% # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 3 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 AUDI 0 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 1 1.65 0.0 -2.35 0.0 -51 .2 0.0 -0.27 0.00 0.6 CHEVROLET 5 -0.04 0.1 -0.17 1.1 -1 .9 5.1 -0.14 .27 0.1 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 1 0.29 0.0 9.15 0.0 14.3 0.0 -0.63 0.00 -2.4 DODGE 0 FIAT 1 -0.22 0.0 -4.96 0.0 35.1 0.0 0.14 0.00 -1.1 FORD 25 0.06 0.3 -0.45 5.7 -31.4 44.6 0.20 .54 0.5 HONDA 0 JEEP 1 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 LINCOLN 2 0.11 0.2 5.71 8.1 19.6 27.7 -0.06 .09 -0 3 MERCURY 5 0.68 1 .6 5.90 25.0 -58.7 64.0 -0.06 .21 016 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 3 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 VOLVO 0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 6 0.01 0.2 0.70 4.6 8.2 14.4 -0.08 .2' 151 - 250 3 -0.12 0.1 -2.02 1.9 -2.8 21.8 0.49 .4 251 - 350 15 0.14 1.0 0.82 12.2 -17.0 40.1 0.02 .2 MORE THAN 350 23 0.21 0.4 0.88 8.2 -36.4 48.6 0.08 .5 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 5 2800 - 3799 18 3800 - 4799 18 4800 - 5799 6 ALL VEHICLES 47 0.14 0.6 0.65 8.9 -22.3 43.8 0.07 .44 0.2 0.01 0.2 0.84 5.1 9.9 15.4 -0.10 • 30 -0.7 0.10 0.9 0.35 11.1 -14.6 37.6 0.10 .32 0.3 0.13 0.2 0.35 8.8 -42.0 49.6 0.08 .60 0.5 0.43 0.7 2.33 5.0 -13.3 39.2 0.06 .36 0.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE AIR PUMP & CONVERTER HC FAILURES: 16 CO FAILURES: 18 FAILURE RATE: 48.9? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 3 0.00 0.00 AUDI 0 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 1 58.85 -19.24 CHEVROLET 5 -3.25 -1.01 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 1 20.18 60.14 DODGE 0 FIAT 1 -17.23 -39.52 FORD 25 3.93 -1.73 HONDA 0 JEEP 1 0.00 0.00 LINCOLN 2 3.14 13.98 MERCURY 5 26.62 9.91 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC '0 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 3 0.00 0.00 VOLVO 0 0.00 -6.52 -38.48 13-28 9.98 0.00 -2.96 -3.71 0.00 5.51 0.53 ¦9-26 -6.04 3.60 0.00 -3 -19 5.16 0.0 0.0 13.8 -8.1 3.9 0.0 6.6 37.8 0.0 79.8 -113.7 -13.3 -2.5 -11.9 -10.1 442.1 -179.6 -29.2 0.0 351.4 326.9 -30.3 5.2 13.0 0.0 -4.0 -3-3 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 6 0.68 3.86 -7.68 -2.75 0.9 58.9 -6.8 151 - 250 3 -10.77 -12.08 24.81 1.03 -7.5 -128.5 31.4 251 - 350 15 8.47 3-70 1.17 2.20 10.7 62.5 1.4 MORE THAN 350 23 11.73 2.58 3-55 3-89 13-1 54.8 4.9 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 5 0.80 4.26 -9.68 -3.24 0.9 64.0 -7.4 2800 - 3799 18 6.25 1.75 5-94 1.91 7.2 25.7 7.2 3800 - 4799 18 8.31 0.99 3.63 4.47 7.8 21.7 5.0 4800 - 5799 6 16.79 7.64 2.80 1.06 30.1 163-7 4.2 ALL VEHICLES 47 8.47 2.41 3-53 1.80 9.7 44.8 4.5 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE AIR PUMP & CONVERTER HC FAILURES: 47 CO FAILURES: 47 FAILURE RATE: 100.0? # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 3 0.84 0.1 14.76 4.7 601.5 31.2 1.70 • 30 14.2 AUDI 0 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 1 1.16 0.0 14.59 0.0 873.4 0.0 1.35 0.00 9.9 CHEVROLET 5 0.91 0.2 15.16 5.5 679.8 156.4 2.27 .68 13.1 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 1 1.13 0.0 6.06 0.0 305.8' 0.0 2.25 0.00 27.8 DODGE 0 FIAT 1 1.53 0.0 17.52 0.0 408.6 0.0 0.94 0.00 20.1 FORD 25 1.37 0.4 26.16 10.1 711.8 139.9 1.72 .60 12.2 HONDA 0 JEEP 1 1.36 0.0 17.64 0.0 631.6 0.0 2.08 0.00 13.4 LINCOLN 2 1-31 0.0 30.20 6.9 868.1 19.6 2.07 .19 9.7 MERCURY 5 1.85 0.8 54.32 41.4 701.0 88.5 1.60 1.17 11.5 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 18.73 VOLKSWAGON 3 1.31 0.3 2.2 368.2 6.5 0.56 .29 22.1 VOLVO 0 "DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 6 151 - 250 3 251 - 350 15 MORE THAN 350 23 1.28 0.2 14.35 1.17 0.2 16.09 1.45 0.7 21.96 1.28 0.4 32.79 6.5 378.3 48.7 1.2 510.0 25.5 17.4 619.9 63-8 1.07 .72 22.2 1.57 -31 16.5 1.52 .52 13.6 2.00 .73 10.5 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800-2799 5 1.32 0.2 15.96 5.8 363.8 37.1 0.97 .76 22.8 2800 - 3799 18 1.40 0.6 19.36 15.9 582.5 62.8 1.52 .48 14.6 3800 - 4799 18 1.27 0.4 35.39 21.1 783.4 88.2 2.03 .82 10.7 4800 - 5799 6 1.26 0.5 25.44 10.0 859.7 16.2 1.84 .28 9.8 ALL VEHICLES 47 1.33 0.5 25.91 18.3 671.5 165.5 1.70 .71 13.4 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE AIR PUMP & CONVERTER HC FAILURES: 47 CO FAILURES: 47 FAILURE RATE: 100.0? # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.'D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN -3-34 4.5 0.2 16.8 0.35 .24 0.1 -2.35 0.0 -51.2 0.0 -0.27 0.00 0.6 1.48 5.9 -14.5 24.5 -O.08 .65 0.2 •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 3 0.06 0.1 AUDI 0 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 1 1.65 0.0 CHEVROLET 5 0.20 0.5 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 1 0.29 0.0 DODGE 0 FIAT 1 -0.22 0.0 FORD 25 0.15 0.4 HONDA 0 0.66 JEEP 1 0.0 LINCOLN 2 2.11 2.7 MERCURY 5 0.72 1.6 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 3 0.37 0.4 VOLVO 0 9.15 0.0 14.3 0.0 -0.63 0.00 -2.4 -4.96 0.0 35.1 0.0 0.14 0.00 -1.1 -0.20 7.0 -50.1 58.6 0.28 .66 0.7 2.23 0.0 -1.5 0.0 -0.26 0.00 -0.1 10.65 5.26 1.1 25.2 -35:1 OJO cn^o i*— 0.12 .36 0.01 .28 -0.6 0.4 4.79 4.5 7.7 9.9 0.20 .38 -0.9 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 6 0.24 0.3 151 - 250 3 -0.08 0.2 251 - 350 15 0.22 1.0 MORE THAN 350 23 0.51 0.9 3.76 5.5 10.1 0.60 6.3 -3.1 0.28 12.8 -14.8 1.29 9.2 -56.9 16.5 -0.02 .42 -1.0 21.7 0.41 .58 0.1 51.6 0.09 .31 0.2 57.9 0.21 .72 0.7 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 5 0.24 0.4 3-71 6.1 14.5 13.8 0.02 .45 -1.2 2800 - 3799 18 0.17 0.9 0.61 11.9 -8.3 43.2 0.13 -38 0.1 38OO - 4799 18 0.25 0.3 -0.07 9.4 -72.5 53.8 0.18 .78 0.9 4800 - 5799 6 1.26 1.5 5.02 7.0 -16.3 $8.1 0.30 .46 0.1 ALL VEHICLES 47 0.35 0.8 1.24 9-8 -31.5 56.2 0.16 .57 0.3 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE AIR PUMP & CONVERTER HC FAILURES: 47 CO FAILURES: 47 FAILURE RATE: 100.0* # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 3 7.11 -29.22 16.91 AUDI 0 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 1 58.85 -19.24 -25.63 CHEVROLET 5 17.68 8.89 -3.79 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 1 20.18 60.14 -38.48 DODGE 0 FIAT 1 -17.23 -39.52 13.28 FORD 25 9.98 -0.79 13.91 HONDA 0 JEEP 1 32.46 11.23 -14.24 LINCOLN 2 61.74 26.08 5.54 MERCURY 5 27.93 8.83 0.63 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 3 22.12 20.36 26.46 VOLVO 0 0.63 2.9 -148.3 15.4 5.51 1.51 79.8 7.2 ""?:5 COO mm r- | 1 -9.26 13.8 442.1 -30.3 -6.04 -8.1 -179.6 5.2 5.28 5.8 -7.8 10.6 -0.62 31.7 107.8 -12.5 -6.56 3.78 88.7 34.0 448.6 249.8 5.1 0.5 -4.08 18.0 231.4 9.7 *DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 6 15.98 20.77 151 - 250 3 -6.94 3-62 251 - 350 15 13.16 1.26 MORE THAN 350 23 28.48 3-79 -1 .go 20.86 5.82 9.67 -4.63 0.32 1.58 6.32 11.1 '1:1 18.8 172.1 29.2 12.2 47.5 -0.9 20.0 4.1 7.8 *INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 5 15.16 18.87 2.43 -5.64 2800 - 3799 18 10.91 3.04 7.91 0.89 3800 - 4799 18 16.17 -0.21 6.03 8.12 4800 - 5799 6 49.60 16.49 13.89 0.88 10.7 521 z 168.1 27.3 -2.6 208.5 1.1 5.9 6.3 12.3 ALL VEHICLES 47 20.67 4.57 8.53 2.15 14.0 50.1 6.4 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS BEFORE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE CONVERTER, NO AIR PUMP # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN ' S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN 62.69 18.6 547.0 82.2 1.39 .32 13-9 73.80 35.2 717.5 51-7 1.89 .22 10.5 70.06 28.5 494.2 97.6 1.54 .58 15.0 110.74 25.9 600.9 51.7 1.29 .18 11.3 79.40 27.5 526.6 68.4 1.65 .37 13.7 •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 0 AUDI 0 BUICK 6 2.77 1.0 CADILLAC 3 3.05 1.7 CHEVROLET 25 3.15 1.3 CHRYSLER 5 4.23 0.7 DATSUN 0 3.81 DODGE 7 1.3 FIAT 0 FORD 0 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 0 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.94 1.1 PLYMOUTH 5 2.64 1.1 PONTIAC 7 2.57 1.2 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 0 VOLVO 0 42.69 16.0 567.9 80.1 1.28 .27 14.1 54.78 21.4 504.0 94.4 1.75 ;23 15.1 66.46 24.7 579.7 107.8 1.50 .60 13.I •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 5 3-60 1.9 67.36 14.9 322.2 33.6 1.49 .25 20.3 ----- "+6.44 20.5 432.7 38.5 1.75 .36 17.4 151 - 250 9 2.64 1.3 4e 251 - 350 33 2.93 1.1 67.67 27.0 556.6 39.0 1.51 .53 13.5 MORE THAN 350 18 3-14 1.4 80.03 32.3 636.5 b2.6 1.42 .41 11.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 15 2.53 1.1 47.52 18.8 575.1 71.9 1-79 .45 16.2 3800 - 5799 40 3-13 1.2 75.78 29.6 564.8 50.5 1.42 .47 12.9 1800 - 5799 6 2.73 1.6 &6.09 28.5 691.2 49.0 1.53 .45 11.1 1800-2799 5 3.60 1.9 67.36 14.9 322.2 33-6 1.49 .25 20.3 14 2.53 1.1 47.42 " " - - - ALL VEHICLES 65 3-00 1.3 68.13 28.5 538.5 100.1 '1.52 .47 14.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE CONVERTER, NO AIR PUMP HC FAILURES: 21 CO FAILURES: 24 FAILURE RATE: 49.2% # OF VEH. HC MEAN S.D. CO MEAN S.D. C02 MEAN S.D. NOX MEAN S.D. MPG MEAN "VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS AUDI BUICK 0 0 6 2.22 0.8 48.51 21 .3 553-3 CADILLAC CHEVROLET CHRYSLER 3 25 4 2.35 2.31 1.79 0.8 0.9 0.9 67.22 50.77 47.36 31.1 24.7 20.2 730.2 520.8 639-6 DATSUN DODGE FIAT 0 7 0 3.42 1.6 69-80 20.3 543-7 FORD HONDA JEEP 0 0 0 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE 0 0 8 1.75 0.8 37.31 14.1 577.9 PLYMOUTH PONTIAC PORSCHE 5 7 0 2.38 2.38 1 .2 0.7 42.10 52.21 16.7 11.5 511.8 585.2 TOYOTA VOLKSWAGON VOLVO 0 0 0 87.5 1.45 .51 14.3 34.6 1.65 .40 10.5 102.5 1.38 .62 15.2 66.9 1-34 .17 12.4 87.6 1.60 .48 13.7 75.2 .0 .4 1.33 .24 14.0 1.68 •33 15.4 1.32 .56 13.4 *DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 5 2.88 1.2 50.49 8.8 329.3 51.6 1.13 .Jij 21.4 151 - 250 9 2.05 1.3 29-71 15-3 463-4 55.1 1.79 .53 17.3 251 - 350 33 2.48 1.0 55-22 24.1 562.0 3*}-7 1.43 -56 MORE THAN 350 18 2.07 0.8 54.03 18.1 656.0 56.9 1-32 .34 11.9 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 5 2800 - 3799 14 3800 - 4799 40 4800 - 5799 6 2.88 1.2 50.49 2.23 1.1 37-50 2.35 1.0 54.95 2.04 0.8 56.55 8.8 329.3 51.6 19.3 494.3 67.0 22.6 584.8 49.0 23.1 702.1 43.5 1.13 -14 21.4 1.79 -57 16.1 1-35 .46 13.2 1.37 .40 11.2 ALL VEHICLES 65 2.34 1.0 50.99 22.1 556.5 100.3 1.43 .50 14.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE CONVERTER, NO AIR PUMP HC FAILURES: 21 CO FAILURES: 24 FAILURE RATE: 49.2? # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 0 AUDI 0 14.18 -0.06 .26 BUICK 6 0.55 0.9 22.2 -6.3 11.0 -0.4 CADILLAC 3 0.70 1.2 6.58 11.4 -12.7 22.0 0.24 .42 0.0 CHEVROLET 25 0.84 0.9 19.29 21.2 -26.5 40.1 0.16 .26 -0.2 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63.35 9.9 -38.6 44.1 -0.05 .22 -1.0 DATSUN 0 0.06 DODGE 7 0.39 1.0 9.60 25.4 -17.0 45.1 .15 0.0 FIAT 0 FORD 0 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 0 5.38 -0.04 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.19 0.7 11.9 -10.1 20.7 . 12 0.0 PLYMOUTH 5 0.26' 0.8 12.68 23.6 -7.9 12.3 0.06 .18 -0.4 PONTIAC 7 0.19 0.9 14.25 23.4 -5.5 30.9 0.18 .26 -0.3 PORSCHE TOYOTA VOLKSWAGON VOLVO 0 0 0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 5 0.73 1.0 16.87 10.1 -7.2 19.2 151-250 9 0.59 1.1 16.74 22.1 -30.7 53-7 251 - 350 33 0.45 0.8 12.45 20.8 -15.4 25.7 MORE THAN 350 18 1.07 1.2 26.01 29-3 -19.5 39.2 0.36 .26 -1.1 0.03 .29 0.1 0.08 .20 -0.1 0.09 .26 -0.4 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 5 0.73 1.0 16.87 10.1 -7.2 19.2 2800 - 3799 14 0.31 1.0 9.92 20.0 -19.2 45.1 3800 - 4799 40 0.77 1.0 20.84 26.0 -20.0 33-4 4800 - 5799 6 0.70 1.1 9.53 15.8 -10.8 17.2 0.36 .26 -1 .1 -0.00 .25 0.1 0.08 .22 -0.3 0.16 .29 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 65 0.66 1.0 17.14 23.4 -18.0 34.0 0.09 .25 -0.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE CONVERTER, NO AIR PUMP HC FAILURES: 21 CO FAILURES: 24 FAILURE RATE: 49.2? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX 1324.9 -5.4 •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 0 AUDI 0 51.8 BUICK 6 20.02 22.62 -4.12 -3.13 CADILLAC 3 23.04 8.92 12.70 0.02 65.6 CHEVROLET 25 26.66 27.53 10.56 -1 .35 49.9 CHRYSLER 4 57.65 57.21 -4.24 -9.19 73-7 DATSUN 0 0.08 DODGE 7 10.21 12.09 3-33 49.6 FIAT 0 FORD 0 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 0 18.0 OLDSMOBILE 8 9-65 12.61 -3.34 0.20 PLYMOUTH 5 9.77 23.14 3.63 -2.40 20.3 PONTIAC 7 7.51 21.45 11.93 -2.16 11.9 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 0 VOLVO 0 615.0 22.5 1143.7 9.6 1913.4 -1.6 1224.3 7.0 517.9 -4.1 1000.0 5.0 878.9 11.0 •DISPLACEMENT 24>o8 .5.31 41.1 ^53-J 20.| f: I" | |:| 1:11 81? m « MORE THAN 350 18 3«.Ui •INERTIA WEIGHT .5,1 41.1 95g;jj 20. g mi 4 Is 11 n a® & '»¦» 4800 - 5799 b ALL VEHICLES 65 22.10 25.15 5.91 -1.68 44.6 1153-9 6.0 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES .INC . 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE CONVERTER, NO AIR PUMP HC FAILURES: 65 CO FAILURES: 65 FAILURE RATE: 100.0? # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN 37.60 16.1 578.9 92.3 1-38 .50 14.2 67.32 26.1 729.2 31.4 1.59 .35 10.5 45.43 22.9 519.6 100.9 1.29 .52 15.4 47.38 20.2 639.6 66.9 1.34 .17 12.4 43.71 21.3 573.2 79.1 1.50 .64 14.0 •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 0 AUDI 0 BUICK 6 1.58 0.5 CADILLAC 3 2.39 0.8 CHEVROLET 25 2.15 0.9 CHRYSLER 4 1.79 0.9 DATSUN 0 DODGE 7 1.76 0.7 FIAT 0 FORD 0 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 0 OLDSMOBILE 8 1.51 0.6 PLYMOUTH 5 1.90 1.2 PONTIAC 7 2.29 0.7 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 0 VOLVO 0 27.60 11.9 590.5 76.2 1.72 .72 14.1 2-£9 11-3 536.0- 101.3 1.54 .36 15.3 8.88 14.1 567.5 99.4 1.57 .97 13.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 5 2.89 1.2 47.99 11.0 330.9 50.6 1.10 .13 21.6 151 - 250 9 1.81 1.0 24.81 12.9 469.4 48.9 1.92 .51 17.4 251 - 350 33 1.89 0.7 43.74 21.3 574.5 35.6 1.31 .46 13.7 MORE THAN 350 18 1-90 0.8 48.75 19-9 661.1 56.7 1.54 .74 12.0 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800-2799 5 2.89 1.2 47.99 11.0 330.9 50.6 1.10 .13 21.6 2800-3799 14 1.77 0.9 27.27 15.7 502.8 62.2 1.79 .54 16.3 3800 - 4799 40 1.92 0.7 46.53 19.7 594.7 49.7 1.31 .52 13-3 4800-5799 6 1.91 0.9 50.20 26.8 709.3 30.9 1.80 .83 11.2 ALL VEHICLES 65 1.96 0.8 42.83 20.4 565.2 100.8 1.44 .58 14.4 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE CONVERTER, NO AIR PUMP HC FAILURES : 65 CO FAILURES: 65 FAILURE RATE: 100.0? # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S .D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 0 AUDI 0 16.3 -31-8 18.0 .40 BUICK 6 1.19 0.7 25.09 0.01 -0.3 CADILLAC 3 0.66 1.3 6.48 12.6 -11.7 23.1 0.30 .36 -0.0 CHEVROLET 25 1.01 0.9 24.63 19.8 -25.4 47.5 0.24 .29 -0.5 CHRYSLER 4 2.44 0.7 63-35 9.9 -38.6 44.1 -0.05 .22 -1 .0 DATSUN 0 0.16 .47 DODGE 7 2.05 1.2 35.68 19.9 -46.5 45.6 -0.3 FIAT 0 FORD 0 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 0 .83 OLDSMOBILE 8 0.43 0.7 15.09 9.6 -22.7 23-3 -0.44 -0.0 PLYMOUTH 5 0.73 1.0 22.29 20.2 -32.1 26.5 0.21 • 34 -0.2 PONTIAC 7 0.28 0.9 17.58 22.9 -7.8 32.1 -0.07 .79 -0.4 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 0 VOLVO 0 *DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 5 0.72 1.0 19-37 151 - 250 9 0.63 1.1 21.63 251 - 350 33 1.04 1.1 23.9: MORE THAN 350 18 1.24 1.1 31.2f 5.2 -8.8 18.8 0.39 .22 -1.2 19.3 -36.6 51.6 -0.17 .36 0.0 20.0 -27.9 37.0 0.21 .32 -0.3 25.6 -24.6 39-0 -0.12 .77 -0.5 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 5 0.72 1.0 19.37 5.2 -8.8 18.8 0.39 .22 -1.2 2800-3799 14 0.76 1.1 20.16 19.2 -27.8 57.5 0.01 .40 -0.2 3800 - 4799 40 1.21 1.1 29.25 22.9 -29.9 34-3 0.12 .43 -0.4 4800-5799 6 0.82 1.0 15.89 14.7 -18.1 21.4-0.271.10 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 65 1.04 1.1 25-30 20.9 -26.7 38.5 0.08 .51 -0.4 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE CONVERTER, NO AIR PUMP HC FAILURES: 65 CO FAILURES: 65 FAILURE RATE: 100.0? # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS VEH. HC CO NOX MPG MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 0 AUDI 0 BUICK 6 42.82 CADILLAC 3 21.65 CHEVROLET 31-97 CHRYSLER 4 57-65 DATSUN 0 DODGE 7 53.86 FIAT 0 FORD 0 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 0 OLDSMOBILE 8 22.31 PLYMOUTH 5 27.83 PONTIAC 7 10.96 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 0 VOLVO 0 40.02 8.78 35.16 57.21 40 26 0.99 -2.33 15.90 15.82 -4.24 12.09 -4.43 -0.05 -3.06 -9.19 44.94 9.46 -2.39 35.35 -34.02 -0.09 -1.32 -2.89 49.0 1035.9 0.6 27.0 41.4 73.7 33.8 11.6 264.9 1010.9 1913.4 91.5 1592.7 12.3 10.0 -1.6 7.0 18.7 653-4 -18.9 1028.4 720.9 9.7 -2.7 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 5 19-95 28.76 151 - 250 9 31.51 46.57 251 - 350 33 35.36 35.36 MORE THAN 350 18 39.43 39.09 25.9 i l:ll -8.56 -6.01 0.03 -2.09 -3.97 31 • 1 48.4 837.1 920.8 995.6 1221.9 16.7 -u -4.7 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 5 19.95 2800 - 3799 14 30.13 "800 - 4799 40 38.66 800 - 5799 6 29-97 I 28.76 42.50 38.59 24.04 25.97 §:?! -17-87 -6.01 -0.99 -2.80 -1.21 31.1 33.2 47.9 36.3 837.1 877.7 1160.2 16.7 0.3 4.6 703.4 -12.1 ALL VEHICLES 65 34.65 37.13 5.11 -2.60 42.7 1040.0 3-2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS BEFORE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE NO AIR PUMP OR CONVERTER # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN *VEHICLi~MAKE AMER. MOTORS 2 2.49 0.4 26.40 11.2 448.5 16.0 3-40 .83 17-9 AUDI 0 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 0 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 0 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 0 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 18.35 0.0 358.1 0.0 2.16 0.00 22.5 JEEP 2 3-04 0.2 42.84 8.9 670.0 56.7 4.09 .09 11.9 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 0 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 1 3-13 0.0 52.49 0.0 306.4 0.0 1.69 0.00 22.3 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 2 3-75 0.0 73-03 33-7 353-5 61.4 1.56 1.38 18.5 VOLVO 0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 4 3-26 0.6 54.23 32.3 342.9 43.1 1.74 .85 20.4 151 - 250 0 251 - 350 4 2.77 0.4 34.62 12.6 559.2 132.3 3.74 .62 14.9 MORE THAN 350 0 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 3 3-10 0.7 55.90 39.4 324.9 28.8 1.48 .81 21.2 2800 - 3799 5 2.96 0.6 37.54 12.7 526.8 135.7 3-50 .76 15.6 "800 - 4799 0 800 - 5799 0 i ALL VEHICLES 8 3-01 0.6 44.42 25.0 451.1 147.2 2.74 1.27 17-7 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE NO AIR PUMP OR CONVERTER HC FAILURES: 2 CO FAILURES: 2 FAILURE RATE: 50.0% # OF HC CO CO2 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 2 1.88 0.0 36.75 1.3 ^96.6 39-9 2.01 .19 15.9 AUDI 0 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 0 CHRYSLER 0 DA-TSUN 0 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 0 HONDA 1 2.44 0.0 18.35 0.0 358.1 0.0 2.16 0.00 22.5 JEEP 2 3.04 0.2 42.84 8.9 670.0 56.7 4.09 .09 11.9 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 0 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 36.02 0.0 348.7 0.0 1.40 0.00 21.5 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 2 3-24 0.7 48.65 0.8 362.7 48.5 1.80 1.06 19.9 VOLVO 0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 4 2.88 0.6 37-92 14.3 358.0 28.8 1.79 .68 20.9 151 - 250 0 251 - 350 4 2.46 0.7 39.79 6.3 583-3 107.8 3-05 1.21 13-9 MORE THAN 350 0 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800-2799 3 2.59 0.1 34.16 15.0 345.1 15-2 1.54 .57 21.8 2800 - 3799 5 2.72 0.8 41.67 6.9 546.0 125.1 2.95 1.07 14.8 3800 - 4799 0 1800 - 5799 ALL VEHICLES 8 2.67 0.6 38.86 10.3 470.7 140.8 2.42 1.13 17.4 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE NO AIR PUMP OR CONVERTER HC FAILURES: 2 CO FAILURES: 2 FAILURE RATE: 50.0$ # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 2 AUDI 0 BUICK 0 0.61 0.5 -10.35 12.4 -48.2 23-9 1-39 1.02 2.0 CADILLAC CHEVROLET CHRYSLER DATSUN DODGE FIAT 0 0 0 0 0 0 FORD HONDA JEEP 0 1 2 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 LINCOLN MERCURY OLDSMOBILE PLYMOUTH PONTIAC PORSCHE TOYOTA VOLKSWAGON VOLVO 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0.51 0.0 16.47 0.0 -42.3 0.0 0.29 0.00 0.8 0.51 0.7 24.38 34.5 -9-1 12.9-0.23 -33 -1.4 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 4 0.38 0.5 16.31 23.0 -15.1 20.0 -0.04 .31 -0.5 151 - 250 0 251 - 350 4 0.31 0.4 -5.17 9-3 -24.1 31.0 0.70 1.00 1.0 MORE THAN 350 0 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 3 0.51 0.5 21.74 24.8 -20.2 21.2 -0.06 .38 -0.7 2800 - 3799 5 0.25 0.4 -4.14 8.4 -19-3 28.9 0.56 .92 0.8 ofinn _ JWnn n 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 ALL VEHICLES 8 0.35 0.4 5.57 19.9 -19-6 24.6 0.33 -79 0.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE NO AIR PUMP OR CONVERTER HC FAILURES: 2 CO FAILURES: 2 FAILURE RATE: 50.0% 21.65 -39-19 40.96 11.13 26.ll -444.9 59.9 # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. - HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 2 AUDI 0 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 0 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 0 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 0 HONDA 1 JEEP 2 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 0 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 2 VOLVO 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.43 31.38 17.24 3-57 13-61 33-38 -14.82 -7.55 0.0 0.0 24.8 795.8 14.1 38.6 1846.6 -17.6 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 4 151 - 250 0 251 - 350 4 MORE THAN 350 0 11.74 30.07 -2.47 -2.44 11.10 -14.94 18.60 6.67 29.0 1235.3 -3-3 21.2 -357.3 48.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 3 2800 - 3799 5 "800 - 4799 0 "00 - 5799 0 16.48 38.89 -3.89 -3.15 8.29 -11.02 15.90 5.11 32.6 1384.8 -3.7 19.3 -325.3 43.8 ALL VEHICLES 8 11.45 12.53 11.91 1-40 24.9 402.3 23-6 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE NO AIR PUMP OR CONVERTER HC FAILURES: 8 CO FAILURES: 8 FAILURE RATE: 100.0$ # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 2 1.88 0.0 36.75 1.3 496.6 39-9 2.01 .19 15.9 AUDI 0 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 0 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 0 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 0 HONDA 1 2.79 0.0 17.09 0.0 316.8 0.0 1.95 0.00 25.2 JEEP 2 2.07 0.1 26.42 8.1 691.7 12.1 3.39 .71 12.0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 0 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 1 2.62 0.0 36.02 0.0 348.7 0.0 1.40 0.00 21.5 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 2 3-11 0.5 38.28 13-9 364.3 50.8 1.56 .72 20.5 VOLVO 0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 4 2.91 0.4 32.42 13.0 348.5 36.9 1.62 .48 21.9 151 - 250 0 251 - 350 4 1.97 0.1 31-58 7.6 594.1 115.1 2.70 .91 13-9 MORE THAN 350 0 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 3 2.71 0.1 33-74 15-6 331-3 16.2 1.46 .45 22.7 2800 - 3799 5 2.28 0.7 30.96 6.8 555.4 132.1 2.57 .83 15.0 ^Rnn - U7QQ n 3800 - 5799 4800 - 5799 ALL VEHICLES 8 2.44 0.6 32.00 9-9 471.3 153-3 2.16 .89 17.9 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE NO AIR PUMP OR CONVERTER HC FAILURES: 8 CO FAILURES: 8 FAILURE RATE: 100.0* # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 2 0.61 0.5 -10.35 12.4 -48.2 23-9 1.39 1.02 2.0 AUDI 0 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 0 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 0 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 0 HONDA 1 -0.36 0.0 1.26 0.0 41.3 0.0 0.21 0.00 -2.7 JEEP 2 0.97 0.3 16.42 0.8 -21.7 44.6 0.69 .79 -0.1 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 0 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 1 0.51 0.0 16.47 0.0 -42.3 0.0 0.29 0.00 0.8 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 2 0.63 0.5 34.75 19-8 -10.8 10.6 0.01 .66 -2.0 VOLVO 0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 4 0.36 0.6 21.81 19-8 -5.6 35.2 0.13 .41 -1.5 151 - 250 0 251 - 350 4 0.79 0.4 3-04 17.0 -34.9 33-0 1.04 .85 1.0 MORE THAN 350 0 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 3 0.39 0.7 22.16 24.2 -6.4 43.0 0.01 .41 -1.6 2800 - 3799 5 0.68 0.4 6.58 16.8 -28.6 31-9 0.93 .78 0.5 •aflnn _ IWaa n 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 ALL VEHICLES 8 0.57 0.5 12.42 19.8 -20.3 35.2 0.59 -79 -0.3 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES,INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR IDLE INSPECTION PROCEDURE NO AIR PUMP OR CONVERTER HC FAILURES: 8 CO FAILURES: 8 FAILURE RATE: 100.0% # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 2 AUDI 0 BUICK 0 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 0 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 0 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 0 HONDA 1 JEEP 2 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 0 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC 0 PORSCHE 1 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 2 VOLVO 0 24.65 -39.19 40.96 11.13 ¦14.67 6.89 9.81 -11.96 31.92 38.33 16.97 -0.57 16.43 31-38 17.24 3-57 16.95 47.58 0.34 -10.81 26.4 -444.9 59-9 -17.3 46.9 61.1 793.4 10.2 33-5 24.8 795.8 14.1 30.7 1678.7 0.3 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 4 10.93 40.22 7-36 -7.21 17.2 1053-6 6.2 151 - 250 0 251 - 350 4 28.65 8.78 27.87 6.44 36.1 138.3 47.5 MORE THAN 350 0 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 3 12.64 39.65 0.89 -7.39 18.9 1070.7 0.6 2800 - 3799 5 23.09 17.53 26.53 3-30 31.5 302.9 42.8 3800 - 4799 0 4800 - 5799 0 ALL VEHICLES 8 19.06 27-97 21.35 -1.45 26.9 582.2 27-5 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- APPENDIX F PARAMETRIC ADJUSTMENT TEST VEHICLE LISTING AND SUMMARIZED EMISSION AND FUEL ECONOMY DATA BEFORE MAINTENANCE MANUFACTURER'S SPECIFICATIONS ------- 1975 MODEL-YEAR LIGHT-DUTY VEHICLES TESTED VEH NO. MAKE MODEL ODOM. # OF AIR MTCE CARB TRAN CONV PUMP I.WT cost: 2 A 1 NO 4500 N/A 2 A 1 YES 3500 N/A 2 A 1 NO 2750 N/A 2 A 1 YES 3500 N/A 2 3 1 YES 3500 N/A 1 3 . 0 YES 3000 N/A 4 A 1 NO 4000 N/A 4 A 1 NO 4500 N/A 2 A 1 NO 2750 N/A 2 A 1 NO 2750 N/A 13 MERC COUG 09371 400 1£ MERC MONA 03127 302 16 PONT ASTR 03482 140 17 MERC MONA 01186 302 18 FORD GRAN 05272 250 19 AMMO HORN 07745 232 20 BUIC CENT 1053Z 350 21 BUIC CENT 15648 231 27 CHEV VEGA 01985 140 29 CHEV VEGA 05232 140 8 8 4 8 6 6 8 8 4 4 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS BEFORE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 1 AUDI 0 BUICK 2 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 2 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 0 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 1 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 3 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC -1 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 0 VOLVO 0 2.85 0.0 53.20 0.0 357-9 0.0 2.17 0.00 19-7 2.77 0.1 58.02 10.2 556.1 30.2 1.23 .29 13.6 3.50 1.3 57.44 9.4 295-1 16.3 0.97 .01 22.4 1.48 0.0 25.27 0.0 459.3 0.0 0.88 0.00 17.6 3-12 3-3 23.70 10.6 643.6 93.4 1.55 .-12 13-1 1.50 0.0 31.80 0.0 347-3 0.0 1.46 0.00 22.1 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 3 151 - 250 3 251 - 350 3 MORE THAN 350 1 2.83 1.5 2.39 0.8 1.70 0.9 6.95 0.0 48.20 16.2 47.89 20.5 28.86 19-3 35.36 0.0 12.5 64.9 571.4 751.3 32.2 109.9 32.0 0.0 •1.14 .28 22.3 1.49 .65 16.7 1.42 .34 14. 1.40 0.00 10.7 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 I 2.83 1-5 48.90 16.2 312.5 32.2 1.14 .28 22.3 1.69 0.8 28.56 17.0 499-2 112.5 1.57 -53 16-5 4.16 2.4 50.47 14.9 621.2 114.7 1-29 -23 12.6 ALL VEHICLES 10 2.77 1.8 4-1.23 18.0 479-8 153-4 1-36 .40 17.1 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE MANUFACTURER TUNEUP COMPARISON HC FAILURES: 10 CO FAILURES: 10 FAILURE RATE: 100.0? # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 1 AUDI 0 BUICK 2 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 2 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 0 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 1 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 3 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC 1 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 0 VOLVO 0 1.91 0.0 33.13 0.0 402.1 0.0 2.11 0.00 19-3 2.49 0.2 45.89 13-5 557.8 11.4 1.15 .26 13-9 4.23 0.2 63.13 1.8 291.6 9.9 1.02 .01 22.0 2.51 0.0 35.76 0.0 472.5 0.0 1.21 0.00 16.5 1.15 0.1 17.94 5.8 700.8 72.6 1.56 .37 12.2 0.95 0.0 20.05 0.0 351.1 0.0 1.50 0.00 23.0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 3 151 - 250 3 251 - 350 3 MORE THAN 350 1 3.14 1.9 2.36 0.4 1.53 0.7 1.19 0.0 48.77 24.9 41.44 12.2 21.87 12.6 24.54 0.0 11.4 35.1 1.18 .28 80.2 82.0 1.55 .49 16 622.7 63.8 1.36 .50 13.4 784.0 0.0 1.55 0.00 10.7 2Z:l •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 3 4 3.14 1.9 1.67 0 2.06 0 48.77 24.9 24.54 11.5 38.77 15.6 311.4 35.1 1.18 548.3 131.4 1.61 633.2 130.9 1.28 .28 .48 15. .30 12.9 22\l ALL VEHICLES 10 2.23 1.2 36.08 18.7 502.7 169.2 1.38 .39 16.7 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE MANUFACTURER TUNEUP COMPARISON HC FAILURES: 10 CO FAILURES: 10 FAILURE RATE: 100.0% # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 1 AUDI 0 BUICK 2 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 2 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 0 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 1 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 3 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC 1 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 0 VOLVO 0 0.94 0.0 20.07 0.0 -44.5 0.0 0.06 0.00 0.4 0.27 0.1 12.13 3-3 -1.7 18.9 0.08 .03 -0.4 -0.73 1.1 -5.69 11.2 3.5 26.2 -0.04 .00 0.4 -1.03 0.0 -10.48 0.0 -13.2 0.0 -0.33 0.00 1.1 1.97 3-3 5.77 5.0 -57.2 24.8 -0.01 .38 0.9 0.55 0.0 11.75 0.0 -3.8 0.0 -0.04 0.00 -0.9 ~DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 3 -0.31 1.1 0.13 12.8 1.1 151 - 250 3 0.03 1.0 6.45 15.5 -15.3 251 - 350 3 0.17 0.2 6.99 6.9 -51.3 MORE THAN 350 1 5.76 0.0 ¦10.82 0.0 -32.7 19.0 -0.04 28.1 -0.06 33.9 0.06 .00 -0.0 .24 0.3 .36 0.8 0.0 -0.14 0.00 -0.0 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 3 0 -0.31 1.1 0.02 0.8 2.10 3-2 0.13 4.02 11.69 12.8 12.7 2.5 1.1 -49.2 -12.0 19.0 -0.04 28.7 -0.04 22.4 0.01 .00 .36 .13 •0.0 1.0 -0.3 ALL VEHICLES 10 0.55 2.0 5.15 10.7 -22.9 31-7 -0.03 .22 0.3 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. •19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR MANUFACTURER TUNEUP COMPARISON HC FAILURES: 10 CO FAILURES: 10 FAILURE RATE: 100.0* # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG . HC CO NOX *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 1 AUDI 0 BUICK 2 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 2 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 0 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 1 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 3 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC 1 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 0 VOLVO 0 33.11 37.73 9-94 20.91 2.68 2.16 6.86 -2.74 -10.2 -217.5 -0.6 -3.0 -131.4 -0.9 -20.99 -9.90 -4.20 1.89 7.9 61.6 0.4 -69.18 -41.49 -38.05 6.14 11.1 113.6 3-6 63.14 24.33 -0.68 6.70 -33-0 -96.7 0.2 36.74 36.96 -2.97 -4.25 -6.0 -127-3 0.5 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 3 -10.81 151 - 250 3 1.42 251 - 350 3 10.04 MORE THAN 350 1 82.92 0.26 13.47 24.23 30.59 -3.68 -3.82 4.16 -10.29 -0.13 1-93 5-74 -0.31 -3:3 -if:? -1.4 -69.9 -117.3 -117-2 0.5 0.6 -1.0 1.6 ~INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 3 0 -10.81 0.96 50.57 0.26 14.07 23.17 -3.68 -2.59 0.63 -0.13 6.33 -2.05 3.3 -0.2 ¦22.8 -1.4 -59-3 -126.7 0.5 0.6 -0.1 ALL VEHICLES 10 19.69 12.50 -1.94 1.94 -6.6 -62.5 0.3 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE PARAMETRIC TUNEUP COMPARISON HC FAILURES: 10 CO FAILURES: .10 FAILURE RATE: 100.0$ # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN *VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 1 AUDI 0 BUICK 2 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 2 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 0 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 1 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 3 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC 1 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 0 VOLVO 0 6.66 0.0 56.25 0.0 438.0 0.0 1.61 0.00 16.2 ¦1.77 0.2 34.65 5.8 554.6 3-0 1.39 .39 14.4 3-77 0.5 5-1.07 -18.8 307.6 32.6 0.86 .20 22.2 1.72 0.0 24.71 0.0 394.2 0.0 1.51 0.00 20.2 1.17 0.3 25.14 18.4 616.1 83-7 2.06 .29 13-7 0.96 0.0 23.29 0.0 365.8 0.0 0.92 0.00 21.9 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 3 2.83 1.7 41.81 20.8 327.0 40.7 0.88 .15 22.1 151 - 250 3 3.42 2.6 39-90 15.8 461.6 81.7 1.60 .08 16.9 251 - 350 3 1.24 0.4 19-91 9-6 565.5 26.4 1.71 .59 14.8 MORE THAN 350 1 1.42 0.0 46.24 0.0 708.3 0.0 2.15 0.00 11.3 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 3 2.83 1.7 41.81 20.8 327.0 40.7 0.88 .15 22.1 2800 - 3799 4 2.61 2.7 27.53 19-8 493.0 92-9 1.78 .35 16.6 3800 - 4799 3 1.65 0.2 38.51 7.8 605.8 88.8 1.64 .52 13.4 4800 - 5799 0 ALL VEHICLES 10 2.39 1.8 35.11 16.9 477-1 134.7 1.47 .52 17.3 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- EXHAUST EMISSION REDUCTIONS AFTER INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE PARAMETRIC TUNEUP COMPARISON HC FAILURES: 10 CO FAILURES: 10 FAILURE RATE: 100.0? # OF HC CO C02 NOX MPG VEH. MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D- MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D. MEAN •VEHICLE MAkF AMER. MOTORS 1 -3.81 0.0 -3.05 0.0 -80.1 0.0 0.56 0.00 3.5 AUDI 0 BUICK 2 1.00 0.1 23.37 4.3 1.5 33.2 -0.16 .10 -0.9 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 2 -0.27 1.8 6.37 28.3 -12.5 48.8 0.11 .22 0.2 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 0 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 1 -0.23 0.0 0.56 0.0 65.1 0.0 -0.63 0.00 -2.6 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 3 1.95 3-1 -1.43 10.0 27-5 25.1 -0.51 .34 -0.6 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC 1 0.53 0.0 8.51 0.0 -18.5 0.0 0.54 0.00 0.2 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 0 VOLVO 0 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 3 -0.00 1.3 7.08 20.0 -14.5 34.7 0.25 .29 0.2 151-250 3 -1.03 2.5 7.99 16.1 3.3 75.0-0.10 .61 -0.2 251 - 350 3 0.46 0.6 8.96 11.4 5.8 32.1 -0.29 .33 -0.5 MORE THAN 350 1 5.52 0.0 -10.88 0.0 43.0 0.0 -0.74 0.00 -0.6 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 3 -0.00 1.3 7.08 20.0 -14.5 34.7 0.25 .29 0.2 2800-3799 4 -0.93 1.9 1.02 5.6 6.1 63.7-0.21 .57 -0.1 - 4799 3 2.51 2.6 11.95 20.0 15.3 33-6 -0.35 .35 -0.8 3800 4800 800 - 5799 0 ALL VEHICLES 10 0.38 2.3 6.12 14.6 2.7 45.0 -0.11 .47 -0.2 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- PERCENT REDUCTIONS AND REDUCTIONS PER DOLLAR PARAMETRIC TUNEUP COMPARISON HC FAILURES: 10 CO FAILURES: 10 FAILURE RATE: 100.0$ # OF PERCENT REDUCTIONS MILLIGRAMS/MILE/DOLLAR VEH. HC CO NOX MPG HC CO NOX •VEHICLE MAKE AMER. MOTORS 1 AUDI 0 BUICK 2 CADILLAC 0 CHEVROLET 2 CHRYSLER 0 DATSUN 0 DODGE 0 FIAT 0 FORD 1 HONDA 0 JEEP 0 LINCOLN 0 MERCURY 3 OLDSMOBILE 0 PLYMOUTH 0 PONTIAC 1 PORSCHE 0 TOYOTA 0 VOLKSWAGON 0 VOLVO 0 ¦133.50 -5.73 25.70 17.70 41.2 33.0 -6.0 36.07 40.28 -12.61 -6.47 -10.8 -253.2 1.7 -7.79 11.09 11.49 0.84 3.0 -69.0 -1.2 -15.62 2.23 -72.38 -14.88 2.5 -6.1 6.9 62.60 -6.05 -32.67 -4.80 -32.6 23.9 8.4 35.73 26.76 36.94 0.85 -5.8 -92.2 -5.8 •DISPLACEMENT LESS THAN 151 3 -0.12 14.4 151 - 250 3 -43.24 16.6 251 - 350 3 27-27 31.0 MORE THAN 350 1 79.51 -30.7 8 22. -6.85 •20.04 -52.98 0.84 -1.16 -3.74 -5.53 0.0 11.2 -7. -59. zltl -149.3 117.8 ¦2.8 1.1 4.8 8.1 •INERTIA WEIGHT 1800 - 2799 2800 - 3799 3800 - 4799 4800 - 5799 3 0 -0.12 14.49 22.38 0.84 0.0 -76.7 -2.8 -54.88 3.58 -13-56 -0.65 13.6 -15.0 3.1 60.25 23.69 -27.26 -6.20 -27.1 -129.5 3.8 ALL VEHICLES 10 13-73 14.84 -8.44 -1.30 -4.6 -74.1 1.4 AUTOMOTIVE TESTING LABORATORIES.INC. 19900 E. COLFAX, AURORA, COLO. 80011 ------- |