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2NIFOIEMATI©N ON
SPILE. PIR1V1NTEON CONTOOE, &
COEJNTIIRMIIASTOIE PLANS
<14® era m)
Prepared By
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY - REGION VIII
PREVENTION SECTION
999 18TH STREET - SUITE 500
DENVER, COLORADO 80202-2405
(303) 293-1723
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13^,6
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
EPA OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS 1
-Introduction 1
-Program Applicability i
-Program Implementation 2
-Extension of Time 3
-Amendment of SPCC Plans 4
KEY POINTS OF PREVENTION REGULATION 6
-Purpose 6
-Applies To 6
-Main Objective of Regulation . 6
-Who Prepares the SPCC Plan 7
-General Requirements of the SPCC Plan 7
-Specific Requirements 7
-Time Limits 8
-Time Extensions 8
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 9
RULES AND REGULATIONS. 14
-Protection of the Environment: Discharge of Oil
(40 CFR-Part 110) 15
-Oil Pollution Prevention: Non-Transportation
Related Onshore and Offshore (40 CFR-Part 112).... 16
THE SPCC PLAN. 2 3
-Basic Concepts 24
-Spill Prevention 24
-Containment of Spilled Oil 25
-Elements of SPCC Plan.. 25
APPENDICES
SUGGESTED MODEL I (prepared by the National Oil
Jobbers Council) App. A & B
SUGGESTED MODEL II (prepared by the American Petroleum
Institute) App. C
-Part I, General Information
-Part II, Alternate A: Onshore Facility (Excluding
Production)
-Part II, Alternate B: Onshore Oil Production
Facility
-Part II, Alternate C, Offshore Oil Drilling,
Production, or Workover Facility
U.S.EPA REGION 8
Technical Library 80C-L
999 18th Street, Suite 500
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Attachment #1: Spill History
Attachment #2: Oil Spill Contingency Plans and Written
Commitment of Manpower
Attachment #3: Onshore Facility Bulk Storage Tanks Drainage
Systems
Attachment #4: Offshore Oil Drilling, Production, or
Workover Facility Pollution Prevention
Equipment and Systems
Attachment #5: Offshore Oil Drilling, Production, or
Workover Facility Well Control Systems and
Equipment
SPCC CHECKLIST App- D
LIST OF OIL SPILL RESPONSE PHONE NUMBERS
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EPA OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION REGULATIONS
I~INTRODUCTION
Section 311(b)(1) of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act
Amendments of 1972 declares that there shall be no discharges of
oil or hazardous substances into or upon the navigable waters of
the United States, adjoining shoreline or into or upon the waters
of the contiguous zone. Consistent with this policy, Section
311(J)(1)(C) requires that the President issue regulations to
establish procedures, methods and equipment to prevent the
discharge of oil or hazardous substances from vessels and onshore
and offshore facilities and to contain such discharges. The EPA,
after careful consideration and evaluation of Federal, regional,
state and local water quality laws, rules and regulations, as
well as rules of regulatory agencies in oil producing states and
fire and insurance underwriter codes, established that the most
effective method to meet the policy goal of FWPCA is to require
that owners and operators of non-transportation related
facilities develop and implement Spill Prevention, Control and
Countermeasure (SPCC) Plans. This approach places the
responsibility of oil prevention on the owner or operator of a
non-transportation related facility which can reasonably be
expected to discharge oil into U.S. navigable waters.
Regulations governing Oil Pollution Prevention for Non-
Transportation Related On-Shore and Off-Shore Facilities were
issued in the Federal Register on December 11, 1973, Volume 38,
Number 237, Part V. These regulations define the purpose and
requirements for preparation and implementation of SPCC plans and
civil penalties for failure to comply with such requirements.
Guidelines for Preparation and Implementation of the SPCC are
also provided. The regulations became effective January 15,
1974. a copy of the regulations is attached to this outline.
These regulations relate specifically to oil of any kind or
in any form. It is anticipated that other regulations will be
proposed with respect to discharges and hazardous substances in
the neat future.
II. PROGRAM APPLICABILITY
A. The purpose of the Oil Pollution Prevention Regulations is
to prevent the discharge of oil from non-transportation
related onshore and offshore facilities into or upon the
navigable waters of the United States.
B. The regulation applies to:
1. Owners or operators of non-transportation related
onshore and offshore facilities engaged in drilling,
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producing, gathering, processing, refining,
transferring, distributing or consuming oil and oil
products, which due to their location, can reasonably
be expected to discharge oil in harmful quantities as
defined by 40 CFR part 110. Mobile and stationary
facilities must comply with the requirements of the
regulation.
2. All departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the
Federal Government, except that part which applies to
civil penalties.
C. The regulation does not apply to:
1. Transportation related facilities which are subject to
the authority and control of the Department of
Transportation as defined by the Memorandum of
Understanding between the Secretary of Transportation
and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection
Agency dated November 24, 1971, 36 FR 24000.
Transportation related facilities generally relate to:
vessels; vessel related transfer facilities, including
transfer hoses, loading arms, storage tanks for
reception of oil ballast water or tank washings from
vessels and appurtenances; equipment appurtenant to a
non-transportation related facility that is primarily
used to transfer oil in bulk to or from a vessel; inter
or intrastate pipeline systems including pumps and
appurtenances as well as in-line or breakout storage
tanks; and highway vehicles and railroad cars used for
transporting oil in the inter or intrastate commerce.
2. Facilities with aggregate above ground storage of 1320
gallons or less provided no single container has a
capacity in excess of 660 gallons.
3. Facilities with a total storage capacity of 42,000
gallons or less and such storage is buried underground.
4. Non-transportation related on-shore or off-shore
facilities which, due to location, could not reasonably
be expected to discharge oil into or upon the navigable
waters of the United States or adjoining shorelines.
III. PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION
A. Owners and operators who have discharged or could reasonably
be expected to discharge oil in harmful quantities as
t°iFR TV10 int° °r uP°n navigable wafers of
the United States shall prepare an SPCC Plan in accordance
with section 112.7, Oil Pollution Prevention Regulation
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1. Such SPCC Plan shall be prepared within six months
after the effective date of January 10, 1974, and shall
be fully implemented as soon as possible, but not later
than one year after January 10, 1974.
2. New facilities that become operational after the
effective date of the regulation that have discharged
or can reasonably be expected to discharge a harmful
quantity of oil into or upon navigable waters should be
carried by an SPCC. Such a plan shall be prepared
within 6 months after the date the plant commenced
operation and shall be implemented one year from that
date.
3. On-shore and off-shore mobile or portable facilities
shall also prepare and implement a SPCC Plan. Such
SPCC Plans need not be prepared and implemented each
time the facility is moved to a new site.
4. Each SPCC Plan shall be reviewed by a Professional
Engineer who will certify that the plan fulfills the
requirements of the Oil Prevention Regulation and has
been prepared in accordance with good engineering
practices. Such certification, however, shall in no
way relieve the owner or operator of his duty to
prepare and fully implement the plan.
IV EXTENSION OF TIME
A. The Regional Administrator may authorize an extension of
time for preparation and implementation of the SPCC Plan
when he finds that inability to comply with the required
schedule is a result of non-availability of qualified
personnel or delays in construction of equipment delivery.
A request for extension will not relieve the owner or
operator from his obligation to comply with requirements of
the regulation.
B. Any request for time extension may be submitted by letter to
the Regional Administrator and shall include:
A complete copy of the SPCC Plan i£ completed;
A full explanation of cause for delay;
A description of the specific aspects of the Plan
affected by the delay;
A full discussion of actions being taken or planned to
minimize or mitigate the delay;
1 .
2.
3.
4.
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5. A proposed time schedule for implementing any
corrective actions being taken or contemplated;
6. Any other oral or written statements in support of the
request..
Authorization for an extension of time does not mitigate the
owners or operators responsibility for implementing those
aspects of the SPCC Plan not affected by the extension of
time.
V AMENDMENT OF SPCC PLANS
An SPCC Plan shall be submitted to the Regional
Administrator for review when the facility has:
1. Discharged more than 1000 U.S. gallons of oil into or
upon navigable waters or adjoining shoreline in a
single spill event; or
2. Discharged oil in harmful quantities as defined in 40
CFR Part 110 into or upon navigable waters or adjoining
shoreline in two spill events, reportable under Section
311(b)(5) of the FWPCA, within any 12-month period.
SPCC Plan submission shall be prepared within 60 days from
the time such facility becomes subject to the requirements
of the regulations as defined above.
Each submission of an SPCC Plan shall include:
1. Name of facility;
2. Name(s) of owner or operator;
3. Location of facility;
4. Date and year of initial facility operation;
5. Maximum storage or handling capacity of the facilities
and normal daily throughput;
6. Description of facility including maps, flow diagrams,
and topographical maps; y '
7.. A complete copy of SPCC Plan with any amendments;
8. Cause(s) of spill;
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10. Additional preventive measures taken or contemplated to
minimize the possibility of recurrence;
11. Other information as reasonably required by the
Regional Administrator.
D. The Regional Administrator after review of the SPCC Plan may
determine that an amendment is necessary to prevent and
contain discharges of oil from the facility. The amendment
becomes effective 30 days after the owner or operator has
been notified.
E. An owner or operator may appeal a decision made by the
Regional Administrator requiring an amendment. The appeal
shall be made in writing to the Administration.
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KEY POINTS OF PREVENTION REGULATION
The Environmental Protection Agency Oil Pollution Prevention
Regulation, published in the Federal Register on December 11,
1973 is addressed to non-transportation related facilities and
is further identified as Title 40, Code of Federal Regulations,
Part 112. The main requirement of facilities subject to the
regulation is the preparation and implementation of a plan to
prevent any discharge of oil into waters of the United States.
The plan is referred to as a Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasure Plan (SPCC Plan).
The following discussion will answer some of the frequently
asked questions and summarize key elements of the regulation.
PURPOSE
To prevent discharges of oil into waters of the United
States. The main thrust of the regulation is "prevention" as
opposed to "after-the-fact", or "reactive" measures commonly
described in Spill Contingency Plans.
APPLIES TO
Owners or operators of facilities engaged in drilling,
producing, gathering, storing, processing, refining,
transferring, or consuming oil and oil products, providing-
1. the facility is mn^transportation related (see
definition of non-transportation)
2. aboveground storage capacity of single container is in
excess of 660 gallons, or an aggregate storage capacity
greater than 1320 gallons, or providing that total
belowground storage capacity is greater than 42,000
gallons.
3. facilities, which, due to their location Gould
reasonably expect spilled oil to reach waters of the
United States.
MAIN OBJECTIVE OF REGULATION
Requires facilities which are subject to the regulation
(based on above criteria) to prepare and implement a Spill
Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan, prepared in
accordance with guidelines outlined in paragraph 112 7 of the
regulation.
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WHO PREPARES THE SPCC PLAN?
Owners - operating their own facilities, or,
Operators - of leased facilities, or,
Persons in Charge - including departments, agencies, and
instrumentalities of State or Federal Government
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF THE SPCC PLAN
1. The SPCC Plan shall be a carefully thought out plan,
prepared in accordance with good engineering practices,
and which has the full approval of management at a
level of authority to commit the necessary resources.
2. The complete SPCC Plan shall follow the sequence
outlined (paragraph 112.7 of the regulation), and
include a discussion of the facility's conformance with
the appropriate guidelines listed.
SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS
The plan must be certified by a registered professional
engineer (see paragraph 112.3(d) of the regulation).
A complete copy of the SPCC Plan shall be maintained at the
facility, if the facility is normally attended at least eight
hours per day, or at the nearest field office if the facility is.
not so attended. The plan is only submitted to EPA or State
agencies under circumstances and conditions outlined in paragraph
112.3(f) and paragraph 112.4(a).
The SPCC Plan shall be made available to the EPA Regional
Administrator, or to his duly authorized representative for on-
site review during normal working hours.
If a discharge occurs in excess of 1000 gallons in a single
event, or two discharges occur in "harmful quantities" within any
twelve month period, the owner/operator must then submit copies
of the SPCC Plan to the Regional Administrator and to the State
Agency in charge of water pollution control activities. Other
information must accompany the SPCC Plan as outlined in paragraph
112.4(a).
After review of the SPCC Plan submitted under these
circumstances the Regional Administrator may require an amendment
to the Plan as deemed necessary to prevent any future discharges.
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TIME LIMITS
For Existing Facilities:
From the effective date of the regulation (January 11, 1974)
Six months to prepare SPCC Plan (To July 11, 1974)
AND
For New Facilities:
From time of start-up of the new facility:
Six months to prepare SPCC Plan Preparation
Twelve months to implement
TIME EXTENSIONS
At this point in time, (3/17/75), the only provision of the
regulation for time extension of SPCC Plans would apply to NEW
FACILITIES•
As an interpretative comment - it is difficult to antieinate
circumstances which would reasonably justify an extension of time
for a new facility since the normal time provision begins at the
start—up date.
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THE OIL SPILL PREVENTION, CONTROL,
AND COUNTERMEASURE (SPCC) REGULATIONS
CPR TITLE 40 PART 112 OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION
The SPCC regulations were developed in 1973 under the
authority of Section 311 of the Clean Water Act. The SPCC
program sets minimum standards for certain aspects of facility
designing, operation, and procedures. The program's requirements
were intended to provide the flexibility needed to regulate more
than 650,000 diverse facilities. The SPCC program regulates non-
transportation related facilities that may reasonably be expected
to discharge oil into or upon the navigable waters of the U.S. or
adjoining shorelines, and that have oil storage capacities of
more than 660 gallons in a single tank above-ground, collectively
1,320 gallons or more above-ground or 42,000 gallons or more
underground. The regulations require that a SPCC Plan be
prepared within six months of commencement of operation and
implemented within one year after commencement of operations.
The SPCC Plan for the facility should follow the guidelines in
40 CFR Part 112.7 for prevention and control of an oil spill. If
this is not practicable, a strong contingency plan following the
provisions in 40 CFR Part 109 must be prepared. The SPCC Plan
must be certified by a registered professional engineer.
If you are not familiar with the SPCC regulations, the
following questions and answers may help clarify your situation.
Q. What ie the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Oil
Pollution Regulation?
A. It is a regulation which endeavors to prevent oil spills
into the waters of the United States by establishing certain
requirements of owners or operators of facilities which use
oil.
Q. What types of facilities are subject to the regulations?
A. All establishments whether they be onshore or offshore which
handle oil are subject to the regulations if they are non-
transportation related. Facilities, which due to their
location, could not reasonably be expected to discharge oil
into or upon the navigable waters of the United States may
be exempt. This determination should be based on
consideration of the. geographical, locational aspects of the
facility such as proximity to navigable waters, land
contour, drainage, etc., and shall exclude consideration of
manmade features such as dikes, equipment, or other
structures which would prevent a discharge from reaching
navigable waters.
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What exactly is a non-transportation-related facility?
The definition of a non-transportation-related facility is
certainly complex. Generally, any facility which produces,
consumes or stores oil is a non-transportation-related
facility.
What then is a transportation-related facility?
Usually any facility which solely transfers and transports
oil is a transportation-related facility. Examples of these
are pipeline systems including pumps and appurtenances
related thereto .as well as in-line or breakout storage tanks
needed for the continuous operation of the system and
highway vehicles and railroad cars which are used for the
transport of oil.
Can a facility be both transportation and non-transportation
related?
Yes. Part of an establishment's operation may be
transportation-related and part may be non-transportation-
related. Those parts that are non-transportation-related
are subject to the regulation.
How much oil needs to be stored on the property to be
subject to the regulation?
If you store 1,320 gallons or more of oil on your property,
you are subject to the regulation. Additionally, if any oil
storage container or tank, whether it is filled or not, has
a capacity of 660 gallons, you are subject to the
regulation.
If oil is stored underground, should you be concerned with
this spill prevention regulation?
Yes. If your facility has a sum total of 42,000 gallons or
more underground storage-capacity, whether or not all tanks
are filled to capacity, you are subject to the spill
prevention regulation.
If ray facility is so located that if I had a spill and none
of the spilled oil would be expected to discharge into the
waters of the United States, am I subject to the regulation?
No. But make this determination carefully. Any oil
reaching a sewer line, drainage ditch, etc., which would
then discharge oil into navigable waters, directly or
indirectly, makes your facility subject to the regulation
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Q. Who determines whether or not a facility would reasonably be
expected to discharge oil into navigable waters?
A. The facility owner or operator makes the determination. It
is recommended that a registered Professional Engineer
verify and certify the facility owner's decision. However,
a Federal inspector may, at his option, review the decision.
Q. Suppose my decision is wrong?
A. You could be exposed to the penalty provisions of the
regulation.
Q. What does the 6pill prevention regulation require?
A. The regulation requires that all covered facilities have a
fully prepared and implemented Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasure Plan (hereinafter SPCC Plan).
Q. What should the SPCC Plan consider and implement?
A. The SPCC Plan should consider all factors which would
prevent spilled oil from reaching the navigable waters of
the United States and implement the installation and/or
construction of these preventative devices.
Q. What are some of these preventative systems to be considered
and implemented?
A. Some of these preventive systems to be considered are
facility drainage, impervious dikes or barriers, sump and
collection systems, retention ponds, curbing, tank corrosion
protection systems, liquid level devices, periodic
inspection schedules, preventive maintenance procedures,
record keeping, security systems, personnel training, and
emergency operating procedures.
Q. Who is responsible for preparing the SPCC Plan?
A. The owner or operator of the facility. However, every SPCC
Plan must be reviewed and certified by*a registered
Professional Engineer that the Plan has been prepared in
accordance with good engineering practices *
Q. Where should the completed SPCC Plan be kept?
A. A copy of the plan should be maintained in it entirety at
the facility, or if the facility is not manned 8 hours per
day, at the nearest field office which is so manned for
review by the EPA Regional Administrator.
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Q. When should a new facility prepare and implement an SPCC
Plan?
A. A new facility shall prepare an SPCC Plan within six months
after facility operation begins and fully implement the Plan
not later than one year after the facility begins operation.
Q. If an SPCC Plan cannot be prepared and implemented in the
allowed time period, what should be done?
A. The regulation allows the owner or operator to apply for an
• extension of time by applying to the Regional Administrator
by letter stating reasons for the request, actions being
taken to minimize the delay, and proposed time schedule.
The request will be reviewed and applicant notified of the
Administrator's decision.
Q. Once a Plan i6 prepared and implemented, does it ever have
to be amended?
A. Yes. Whenever a facility has a spill of 1,000 gallons or
more, or two reportable spills of any quantity in a calendar
year, the SPCC Plan must be submitted to the State in which
the facility is located and the Regional Administrator will
advise if amendments are required.
Q. If a facility does not have any spills, does it ever have to
review or amend its SPCC Plan?
A. Yes. Whenever there is a change in operation or design of a
facility, the Plan must be amended and fully implemented six
months after the change. Also, every three years from the
date the facility becomes subject to the regulation, the
Plan must be reviewed for amendment.
Q. Do amendments have to be certified by a registered
Professional Engineer?9
A. Yes, in the same manner as-in preparing a Plan.
Q. Does the regulation have any penalty provisions?
A. Most certainly. A fine of up to $5,000 per day for each day
of violation for failing or refusing to: a) prepare an SPCC
Plan; b) submitting a Plan when amendments are required
because of spill incidents; c) amending Plan when operations
Change; d) reviewing a Plan every three years.
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Q. Where can I go for additional guidance?
A. Call the Region VIII office of the Environmental Protection
Agency, Emergency Response Branch at (303) 293-1723. The
American Petroleum Institute may also be contacted for
guidance and copies of the regulations.
The SPCC regulations have not been updated in the past
decade. As a result of the Ashland Oil release of approximately
one million gallons of diesel fuel in Floreffe, Pennsylvania on
January 2, 1988, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) formed
a Task Force to review the SPCC regulations and make
recommendations for changing and updating the regulations. In
addition, more emphasis has been placed on inspections and
compliance with the current regulations.
The Task Force made a number of recommendations concerning
the SPCC regulations and related activities. However, they are
only recommendations and no action has been taken to implement
the proposed changes.
Some of the recommendations of the Task Force were: that
the SPCC regulations be amended to require all.owners and
operators of any new and or existing facility to notify the EPA
if the facility is subject to the SPCC regulations; that 40 CFR
Part 112.7 would be changed to specify mandatory compliance; and
that the number of inspections of facilities be increased. The
benefits of the Task Force recommendations would be prevention
awareness, increased compliance, and fewer spill incidents.
Currently, there are four bills being considered by Congress to
create new Federal programs addressing above-ground storage
tanks.
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TUESDAY, DECEMBER llt 1973
WASHINGTON, D.C.
Volume 38 ¦ Number 237
PART II
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
OIL POLLUTION
PREVENTION
Non-Transportation Related Onshore
and Offshore Facilities
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RULES AND REGULATIONS
22487
PART 110—DISCHARGE OF OIL
8gg
110.1 Definition*.
110.2 Applicability.
110.3 Discharge into navigable waters
harmful.
110.4 Discbarge Into contiguous zone barm*
lul.
110.5 Discharge prohibited.
110.6 Exception lor vessel engines.
110.7 Dlspersants.
110.8 Demonstration projects.
110.9 Notice.
Atjthosjtt : The provisions of this Part
110 issued under sec. 11(b) (3). as amended,
84 Stat. 93; S3 TTJB.C. 1181.
§ 110.1 Definitions.
As used In this part, the following
terms shall have the meaning indicated
below:
(a> "Oil" means oil of any kind or in
any form, including, but not limited to,
petroleum, fuel oil, sludge, all refuse, oil
mixed with ballast or bilge, and oil mixed
with wastes other than dredged spoil;
(b) "Discharge" includes, but is not
limited to, any spilling, leaking, pumping,
pouring, emitting, emptying or dumping;
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34164
Tttte 40—Protection of the Environment
CHAPTER 1—ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION AGENCY
SUBCHAPTER D—WATER PROGRAMS
PART 112—OIL POLLUTION PREVENTION
Non-transportation Related Onshore and
Offshore Facilities
Notice of proposed rule making was
published on July 19, 1973, containing
proposed regulations, required by an
pursuant to section 311 (j) (1) (C) of the
Federal Water Pollution Control A t.
as amended (86 Stat. 868, 33 U.S.C. 1251
et seq.), (FWPCA), to prevent discbarges
of oil into the navigable waters of the
United States and to contain such dis-
charges if they occur. The proposed reg-
ulations endeavor to prevent such spills
by establishing procedures, methods and
equipment requirements of owners or op-
erators of facilities engaged in drilling,
producing, gathering, storing, processing,
refining, transferring, distributing, or
consuming oil.
Written comments on the proposed
regulations were solicited and received
from interested parties. In addition, a
number of verbal comments on the pro-
posal were also received. The written
comments are on file at the Division of
Oil and Hazardous Materials, Office of
Water Program Operations, V.S. En-
vironmental Protection Agency, Wash-
ington. D.C.
All of the comments have been given
careful consideration and a number of
changes have been made in the regula-
tion. These changes incorporate either
suggestions made in the comments or
ideas initiated by the suggestions.
Some comments reflected a misunder-
standing of the fundamental principles
of the regulation, specifically as they ap-
plied to older facilities and marginal op-
erations. During the development of the
regulation It was recognized that no
single designor operational standard can
be prescribed for all non-transportation
related facilities, since the equipment
and operational procedures appropriate
for one facility may not be appropriate
for another because of factors such as
function, location, and age of each facil-
ity. Also, new facilities could achieve a
higher level of spill prevention than older
facilities by the use of lail-safe design
concepts and innovative spill prevention
methods and procedures. It was con-
cluded that older facilities and marginal
operations could develop strong spill con-
tingency plans and commit manpower,
oil containment devices and removal
equipment to compensate for inherent
weaknesses in the spill prevention plan.
Appropriate changes were made in the
regulation to simplify, clarify or correct
deficiencies in the proposal.
A discussion of these changes, section
by section follows:
A. Section 112.1—General applicabil-
ity. Section 112.1(b), the "foreseeabil-
ity provision", contained in.112.1(d) (4)
was added to paragraph 112.1(b), As
modified, the regulation applies to nan-
transportation-related onshore and off-
shore facilities which, due to their loca-
RULES AND REGULATIONS
tion. could reasonably be expected to dis-
charge oil into or upon the navigable
waters of the United States or adjoining
shorelines.
Sections 112.1(b), 112.1(d)(4) and
112.3 are now consistent.
Section 112.1(d) (1) was expanded to
further clarify the respective authori-
ties of the Department of Transporta-
tion and the Environmental Protection
Agency by referring to the Memorandum
of Understanding between the Secretary
of Transportation and the Administra-
tor of the Environmental Protection
Agency (Appendix).
Section 112.1(d) (2), the figure for
barrels was converted to gallons, a unit
of measure more familiar to the public,
and now reads "42000 gallons."
Section 112.1 (d)<3), exemption for
facilities with nonburied tankage was
extended to 1320 gallons In aggregate
with no single tank larger than 660 gal-
lons and applies to all oils, not just heat-
ing oil and motor fuel. Tanks of 660
gallons are the normal domestic code size
for nonburied heating oil tanks. Build-
ings may have two such tanks. Facilities
containing small quantities of oil other
than motor fuel or heating oil would
also be exempt, thus making this con-
sistent with the definition of oil in $ 112.2.
B. Section 112.2—Definitions. Section
112.2(1), the term "navigable waters"
was expanded to the more descriptive
definition used by the National Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System.
Section 112.2 im), the UB. Coast
Guard definition of the term "vessel"
was included. This term is used In the
regulation and the definition Is consist-
ent with the Department of Transpor-
tation regulations.
C. Section 112.3—Requirements for the
preparation and implementation of spiU
prevention control and eomtermeasure
plans. A new paragraph (c) was added
to 1112.3 which applies to mobile or port-
able facilities subject to the regulation.
These facilities need not prepare a new
Spill Prevention Control and Counter-
measure Flan (SPCC Flan) each time the
facility Is moved to a new site, but may
prepare a general plan, identifying good
spill prevention engineertag practices (as
outlined in the guidelines, i 112.7), and
Implement these practices at each new
location.
Section 112.3(a), (b) and (f) (which
was { 112.3(e) In the proposed role mak-
ing) have been modified to allow exten-
sions of time beyond tha*ennally speci-
fied periods to apply to the preparation
of plans as well as to their Implementa-
tion and to remove the
of one year for extensions. Extensions
may be allowed for whatever period of
time considered reasonable by the Re-
gional Administrator.
Section 112.3(e) (which was {112.3
(d) in the proposed rule making) was
modified to require the maintenance of
the SPCC nan for inspection at the fa-
cility only If the facility was n»rtr.«.nr
manned. If the facility is unmanned, the
Flan may be kept at the nearest field
office.
PBDUAL tieiSTH, VOL Jl, NO. 237—TUESDAY, DCCMkR 11, m,
Section 112.3 u.Kl) (J 112.3(e) (1) to
the proposed regulation) was changed to
include the nonavailability of qualified
personnel as a reason for the Regional
Administrator granting an extension of
time.
D. Section 112.4—Amendment of spM
prevention control and countermeasure
plans by Regional Administrator. Section
112.4(a) (11), permits the Regional Ad-
ministrator to require that the owner or
operator furnish additional information
to EPA after one or more spill event has
occurred. The change limits the request
lor additional information to that per-
tinent to the SPCC Plan or to the pollu-
tion incident.
Section 112.4(b) now reads "Section
112.4 * * not "This subsection
Section 112.4(e) allowed the Regional
Administrator to require amendments
to SPCC Plans and specifies that the
amendment must be incorporated in the
Plan within 30 days unless the Regional
Administrator specifies an earlier effec-
tive date. The change allows the Regional
Administrator to specify any appropri-
ate date that is reasonable.
Section 112.4(f). A new $ 112.4(f) has
been added which provides for an appeal
by an owner or operator from a decision
rendered by the Regional Administrator
on an amendment to an SPCC Plan. The
appeal is made to the Administrator of
EPA and the paragraph outlines the pro-
cedures for making such an appeal.'
E. Section 112.5—Amendment of spQl
prevention control and Countermeasure
plans by owners or operators. Section
112.5(b) required the owner or operator
to amend the SPCC Plan every three
years. The amendment required the in-
corporation of any new, field-proven
technology and had to be certified by a
Professional Engineer.
The change requires th'at the owner
or operator review the Plan every three
years to aee If it needs amendment. New
technology need be Incorporated only If
it will significantly reduce the likelihood
of a spill. The change will prevent friv-
olous retrofitting ot equipment to facili-
ties whose prevention plans are working
successfully, and will not require engi-
neering oertlficatioo unless an amend-
ment i® necessary.
Section 112.5(c), this paragraph re-
quired that the owner or operator amend
his SPCC Plan when his facility became
subject to 1112.4 (amendment by the
Regional Administrator). This para-
graph has been removed. It is inconsist-
ent to require the owner or operator to
independently amend the Plan while the
Regional Administrator is reviewing It
for possible amendment.
F. Section 112.6—Civil penalties. There
are no changes in this section.
G Section' 112.7—Guideline* for the
preparation and implementation o1 a
tvOi prevention control and counter-
jneature plan. Numerous chances have
been made In the guidelines section; the
changes have been primarily:
1. To correct the use of language In-
consistent with guidelines. For example,
the word "shall" has been changed to
-------
2. To give the engtnurr preparing: the
Plan greater latitude to use alternative
methods better suited to a given facility
or local conditions.
3. To cover faculties subject to the reg-
ulation. but lor which so guidelines were
previously given. This category Includes
such things as mobile faculties, and drill-
ing and workover rigs.
In addition, wording was changed to
differentiate between periodic observa-
tions by operating personnel and formal
Inspections with attendant record keep-
ing.
These regulations shall become effec-
tive January 10, 1974.
Dated: November 27, 1973.
John Qttau.es,
Acting Administrator.
A new Part 112 would be added to sub-
chapter D, Chapter 1 of Title 40, Code of
Federal Regulations as follows:
Bee.
112J General applicability.
112J Definitions.
112Jt Requirements for preparation and Im-
plementation of Spill Prevention
Control and Countermeasure plans.
112.4 Amendment of Spill Prevention Con-
trol and Countermemrure Plans by
Regional Administrator.
1124 Admendment ol Spill Prevention Con-
trol and Countermeasure Plans by
owners or operators.
112.6 civil penalties.
112.7 Guidelines for the preparation and
Implementation otf a Spill Preven-
tion Oontrol and Oountenneaaure
Plan.
Appendix Memorandum of Understanding
Between the Becretary of the De-
partment of Transportation and the
Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency. Section n—Defi-
nitions.
Avsmounr: Sees. 811 (J) (1) (C). 811 (!) (2),
801 (a), Federal 'Water Pollution Oontrol Art
(Bee. 3. Pub. L. 93-600, 86 Stat. 818 et seq.
(S3 TJJB.C. 1251 et aeq.)): See. 4(b), Pub. Z*
•3-800, 88 Stat. *07; 6 TT.B.C. Beorg. Plan at
3070 No. 3 (1970), 35 FR 16633, 3 CFR IMft-
U70 Oaap4 X.O. 11786. 38 PR 21243. 3 CPA.
$ 112.1 General applicability.
(a) This part establishes procedures,
methods and equipment and other re-
quirements lor equipment to prevent the
discharge of oil Iron non-transporta-
tion-related onshore and offshore facili-
ties Into or upon the navigable waters of
the United States or adjoining shore-
lines.
(b) Except as provided in paragraph
(d) of this section, this part applies to
owners or operators of non-transporta-
tion-related onshore and offshore facili-
ties engaged In drilling, producing, gath-
ering, storing, processing, refining,
transferring, distributing or consuming
oil and oil products, and which, due to
tbelr location, could reasonably be ex-
*»ct«d to discharge oil in harmful quan-
tities, as defined In Part 110 of this chap-
ter, into or upon the navigable waters of
w United States or adjoining shorelines.
(c) As provided in sec. 313 <86 Stat.
875) departments, agencies, and instru-
mentalities of the Federal government
RULES AND REGULATIONS
are subject to these regulations to the
same extent as any person, except for the
provisions of { 112.6.
(d) This part does not apply to:
(1) Equipment or operations of vessels
or transportation-related onshore
offshore facilities which are subject to
authority and control of the Department
of Transportation, as defined In the
Memorandum of Understanding between
the Becretary of Transportation and the
Administrator of the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency, dated November 24,1971,
36 FR 24000.
(2) Facilities which have an aggregate
storage of 1320 gallons or less of oil, pro-
vided no single container has a capacity
In excess of £60 gallons.
(3) Facilities which have a total stor-
age capacity of 42000 gallons or less of
oil and such total storage capacity is
buried underground.
<4) Non-transportation-related on-
shore and offshore facilities, which, due
to their location, could not reasonably
be expected to discharge oil into or upon
the navigable waters of the United States
or adjoining shorelines.
(e) This part provides for the prepara-
tion and implementation of Spill Pre-
vention Control and Countermeasure
Plans prepared to accordance with
i 112.7, designed to complement existing
laws, regulations, rules, standards, poli-
cies and procedures pertaining to safety
standards, fire prevention and pollution
prevention rules, so as to form a compre-
hensive balanced Federal/State spill pre-
vention program to minimize the poten-
tial for oil discharges. Compliance with
this part does not In any way relieve the
owner or operator of an onshore or an
offshore facility from compliance with
other Federal, State or local laws.
§ 112.2 Definitions.
For the purposes of this part:
(a) "Oil" means oil of any kind or In
any form, but not limited to
petroleum, fuel oil, sludge, oil refuse and
oil with-wastes other than dredged
spoil.
(b) "Discharge" Includes but Is not
umitad to, any spilling, leaking, pump-
ing, pouring, emitting, emptying or
dumping. For purposes of this part, the
term "discharge" shall not Include any
discharge of oil which is authorized by
a permit Issued pursuant to Section 13
of the River and Harbor Act of 1899 (30
Stat- 1131,33 U.B.C. 407), or Sections 402
or 405 of the FWPCA Amendments of
.1972 (86 Stat. 816 et seq., 33 U.S.C. 1251
et seq.).
(c) "Onshore facility" nutans any
facility of any kind located in, on. or
ttmw any land within the United States,
other thg" submerged lands, which Is
not a transportation-related facility.
(d) "Offshore facility" morns any
facility of any kind located in. on, or
under any of the navigable waters of
the United States, which is not a trans-
portation-related facility.
The term "navigable waters" of
the United States means "navigable
waters" as defined in section 502C7) of
the FWPCA, and includes:
(1) all navigable waters of the United
States, as defined in judicial decisions
prior to passage of the 1972 Amendments
to the FWPCA (Pub. L. 92-500), and
tributaries of such waters;
(2) Interstate waters;
(3) Intrastate lakes, rivers; and
streams which are utilized by Interstate
travelers for recreational or other pur-
poses; and
(4) Intrastate lakes, rivers, and
streams from which fish or shellfish are
taken and sold in Interstate commerce.
(1) "Vessel" means every description
of watercraft or other artificial contriv-
ance used, or capable of being used as
a means of transportation on water,
other than a public vessel.
6112.3 Requirement* for preparation
and implementation of Spill Preven-
tion Control and Countermeasure
Plana.
(a) Owners or operators of onshore ""<1
offshore facilities in operation on or be-
fore the effective date of this part
have discharged or oould reasonably be
expected to discharge oil in harmful
quantities, as defined in 40 CFR Part
110. into or upon the navigable waters of
the United States or adjoining shorelines,
shall prepare a Spill Prevention Control
and Countermeasure Plan (hereinafter
"SPCC Plan"), In accordance with
{112.7. Except as provided for in para-
graph (f) of this section, such SPCC Flan
shall be prepared within six months af-
ter the effective date of this part and
shall be fully implemented as aoou as
passible, but not later «»»*» one year
after the effective date of this part
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34166
(b) Owners or operators of onshore
and offshore facilities that become op-
erational after the effective date of this
part, and that have discharged or could
reasonably be expected to discharge oil
in harmful quantities, as defined in 40
CFR Part 110, into or upon the navigable
'waters of the United States or adjoining
shorelines, shall prepare an SPCC Plan
in accordance with {112.7. Except as
provided for in paragraph Onshore and onshore mobile or
portable facilities such as onshore drill-
ing or workover rigs, barge mounted off-
shore drilling or workover rigs, and port-
able fueling facilities shall prepare and
implement an SPCC Plan as required by
paragraphs (a), (b) and (d) of this sec-
tion. The owner or operator of such facil-
ity need not prepare and implement a
new SPCC Plan each time the facility is
moved to a new site. The SPCC Plan for
mobile facilities should be prepared in
accordance with ! 112.7, using good en-
gineering practice, and when the mobile
facility is moved it should be located
and installed using spill prevention prac-
tices outlined in the SPCC Plan for the
facility. The SPCC Plan shall only apply
while the facility is in a fixed (non trans-
portation) operating mode.
(d) No SPCC Han shall be effective
to satisfy the requirements of this part
unless it has been reviewed by a Regis-
tered Professional Engineer and certi-
fied to by such Professional Engineer.
By means of this certification the en-
gineer. having examined the facility and
being familiar with the provisions of this
part, shall attest that the SPCC Plan has
been prepared in accordance with good
engineering practices. Such certification
shall in no way relieve the owner or op-
erator of an onshore or offshore facility
of his duty to prepare and fully imple-
ment such Plan in accordance with
5112.7, as required by paragraphs (a);
. (b) or cc) of this section whore he
ffrnte that the owner or operator of a
facility subject to paragraphs (a), (b)
or (c) of this section cannot fully com-
RULES AND REGULATIONS
ply with the requirements of this part
as a result of either nonavailability of
qualified personnel, or. delays in con-
struction or equipment delivery beyond
the control and without the fault of such
owner or operator or their respective
agents or employees.
(2) Any owner or operator seeking an
extension of time pursuant to paragraph
Cf) (1) of this section may submit a letter
of request to the Regional Administrator.
Such letter shall include:
(i) A complete copy of the SPCC Plan,
if completed:
(11) a full explanation of the cause for
any such delay and the specific aspects
of the SPCC Plan affected by the delay;
(ill) A full discussion of actions being
taken or contemplated to minimize or
mitigate such delay;
(iv) A proposed time schedule for the
implementation of any corrective actions
being taken or contemplated, Including
interim dates for completion of tests or
studies, installation and operation of any
necessary equipment or other preventive
measures.
In addition, such owner or operator may
present additional oral or written state-
ments in support of his letter of request.
(3) TTtie submission of a letter of re-
quest for extension of time pursuant to
paragraph Cf > (2) of this section shall in
no way relieve the owner or operator
from his obligation to comply with the
requirements of {112.3 (a), (b) or (c).
Where an extension of time is authorized
by the Regional Administrator for par-
ticular equipment or other specific as-
pects of the SPCC Plan, such extension
shall in no way affect the owner's or op-
erator's obligation to comply with the
requirements of (112.3 (a). Cb) or Cc)
with respect to other equipment or other
specific aspects of the SPCC Pisa for
which an extension of time has not been
expressly authorised,
g 112.4 Amendment of SPCC Plan* by
Regional A'dminiMralor.
Location ct the facility:
(4) Bate and year of initial facility
operation;
(9) Maximum storage or han«t»ng
paclty of the faculty and normal dally
throughput;
(6) Description of the facility, includ-
ing maps, flow diagrams, and topograph-
ical maps;
(7) a complete copy of the SPCC Plan
with any amendments;
(8) The causeCs) of such spill, includ-
ing a failure analysis of system or sub-
system in which the failure occurred;
(8) The corrective actions and/or
countermeasures taken, including an
adequate description of equipment re-
pairs and/or replacements;
(10) Additional preventive measures
taken or contemplated to minimize the
possibility of recurrence;
(11) Such other information as the
Regional Administrator may reasonably
require pertinent to the Plan or spill
event.
(b) Section 112.4 shall not apply until
the expiration of the time permitted for
the preparation and implementation of
an SPCC Plan pursuant to ! 112.3 (a),
(b>, Cc) and Cf).
Cc) A complete copy of all information
provided to the Regional Administrator
pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section
shall be sent at the same time to the
State agency in charge of water pollu-
tion control activities in and for the
State In which the facility is located.
Upon receipt of such Information such
State agency may conduct a review and
make recommendations to the Regional
Administrator as to further procedures,
methods, equipment and other require-
ments for equipment necessary to pre-
vent and to contain discharges of oil
from such facility.
Cd) After review of the SPCC Plan for
a facility subject to paragraph (a) of
this section, together with all other in-
formation submitted by the owner or
operator of such facility, and by the
State agency under paragraph (c) of
this section, the Regional Administra-
tor may require the owner or operator
of such facility to amend the SPCC 9km
if he finds that the Plan does not meet
the requirements of this part or that
the amendment of the Plan is neces-
sary to prevent and to contain discharges
of oU frajaench facility.
Ce) \5Then the Regional Administra-
tor proposes to require an amendment to
the SPCC Plan, he notify the fa-
cility operator toy certified mail addressed
or by personal delivery to, the facility
owner or operator, that he proposes to
require an amendment to the Plan, and
shall specify the terms of such amend-
ment. If the facility owner or opera-
tor is a corporation, a copy of such
notice shall also be mailed to the regis-
tered agent. If any, of such corporation
in the State where such facility is lo-
cated. Within SO days from receipt of
such notice, the lacillty owner or opera-
tor may submit written information,
views, and arguments on the amendment.
After considering all relevant material
Presented, the Regional Administrator
shall notify the facility owner or opera-
tor of any amendment required or shall
rescind the notice. amendment re-
quired by the Regional Administrator
become part of the Plan 30 days
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RULES AND REGULATIONS
34167
after such notice, unless the Regional
Administrator, lor good cause,
specify another effective date. The owner
or operator of the facility shall imple-
ment the amendment of the Plan as soon
as possible, but not later six
months after the amendment becomes
part of the Plan, unless the Regional Ad-
ministrator specifies another date.
(f) An owner or operator may appeal
a decision made by the Regional Admin-
istrator requiring an amendment to an
SPCC Plan. >The appeal shall he made to
the Administrator of the United States
Environmental Protection Agency and
must be made In writing within 30 days
of receipt of the notice from the Regional
Administrator requiring the amendment.
A complete copy of the appeal must be
sent to the Regional Administrator at the
time the appeal is made. The appeal shall
contain a clear and concise statement of
the issues and points of fact in the case.
It may also contain additional informa-
tion which the owner or operator wishes
to present in support of his argument.
The Administrator or his designee may
request additional information from the
owner or operator, or from any other
person. The Administrator or his des-
ignee may request additional informa-
tion from the owner or operator, or from
any other person. The Administrator or
his designee shall render a decision
within 60 days of receiving the appeal
and shall notify the owner or operator of
his decision.
§ 112.5 Amendment of Spill Prevention
Control and Countermeamire Plan* by
owner* or operator*.
(a) Owners or operators of facilities
subject to J112.3 (a), (b) or (c) shall
amend the SPCC Plan for such facility
in accordance with {112.7 whenever
there is a change in facility design, con-
struction, operation or maintenance
which materially affects the facility's
potential for the discharge of oil into or
upon the navigable waters of the United
States or adjoining shorelines. Such
amendments shall be fully implemented
as soon as possible, but not later than
six months after such change occurs.
(b) Notwithstanding compliance with
paragraph (a) of this section, owners
and operators of facilities subject to
{112.3 (a), (b) or (c) shall complete a
review and evaluation of the SPCC Plan
at least once every three years from the
date such facility becomes subject to this
part. As a result of this review and eval-
uation. the owner or operator shall
amend the SPCC Plan within six months
of the review to include more effective
prevention and control technology If:
(1) Such technology will significantly
reduce the likelihood of a spill event
from the facility, and (2) if such tech-
nology has been field-proven at the time
of the review.
(c) Mo amendment to an SPCC Plan
shall be effective to satisfy the require-
ments of this section unless It has been
certified by a Professional Engineer In
accordance with i 112.3(d).
g 112.6 Qril penalties.
Owners or operators of facilities sub-
ject to $ 112.3 (a), (b) or Sorbent materials
(2) Offshore facilities.
(i) Curbing, drip pans
(ii) sumps and collection systems
(d) When It Is determined that the
ingtn.iia.tinn of structures or equipment
listed In {112.7(c) to prevent discharged
oil from reaching the navigable waters
is not practicable from any onshore or
offshore facility, the owner or operator
should clearly demonstrate such im-
practicability and provide the follow-
ing:
(1)A strong oil spill contingency plan
following the provision of 40 CFR Part
109.
(2) A written commitment of man-
power, equipment and materials re-
quired to expeditiously control and re-
move any harmful quantity of oil dis-
charged.
(e) In addition to the minimal pre-
vention standards listed under $ 112.7
(c), sections of the Plan should include
a complete discussion of conformance
with the following applicable guidelines,
other effective spill prevention and con-
tainment procedures (or, If more strin-
gent, with State rules, regulations and
guidelines):
(1) Facility drainage (.onshore); (ex-
cluding production facilities). (i) Drain-
age from diked storage areas should be
restrained by valves or other positive
means to prevent a spill or other exces-
sive leakage of oil into the drainage sys-
tem or inplant effluent treatment sys-
tem, except where plan systems are de-
signed to handle such leakage. Diked
areas may be emptied by pumps or ejec-
tors; however, these should be manually
activated and the condition of the accu-
mulation should be examined before
starting to be sure no oil will be dis-
charged into the water.
(ii) Flapper-type drain valves should
not be used to drain diked areas. Valves
used for the drainage of diked areas
should, as far as practical, be of man-
ual, open-and-closed design. When
plant drainage drains directly Into
water courses and not into wastewater
treatment plants, retained storm water
should be Inspected as provided in para-
graph (e) (2) (ill) (B, C and D) before
drainage.
(Ill) Plant drainage systems from un-
diked areas should, if possible, flow into
ponds, lagoons or catchment basins, de-
signed to retain oil or return it to the
facility. Catchment basins should not be
located in areas subject to periodic
flooding.
(lv) If plant drainage Is not en-
gineered as above, the final discharge of
all in-plant ditches should be equipped
with a diversion system that could, in
the event of an uncontrolled spill, return
the oil to the plant.
(v) Where drainage waters are treated
In more than one treatment unit, nat-
ural hydraulic flow should be used. If
pump transfer is needed, two "lift"
pumps should be provided, and at least
one of the pumps should be permanently
installed when such treatment Is con-
tinuous. In any event, whatever tech-
niques are used facility drainage systems
should be adequately engineered to pre-
vent oil from reaching navigable waters
In the event of equipment failure or
human error at the facility.
(2) Bulk storage tanks (onshore); (ex-
cluding production facilities). (1) Mo
ftDERAl MOISTEIt, VOL 31, NO. 237—-TUESDAY, OECfMStt 11, IWJ
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.14168
tank should he used for the storage of
oil unless Its materia) and construction
a.re compatible with the material stored
and conditions of storage sum as pres-
sure and temperature, etc.
(il> All bulk storage tank installations
should be constructed so that a second-
ary means of containment is provided for
the entire contents of the largest single
tank plus sufficient freeboard to allow
for precipitation. Diked areas should be
sufficiently impervious to contain spilled
oil. Dikes, containment curbs, and pits
are commonly employed for this purpose,
but they may not always be appropriate.
An alternative system could consist of a
complete drainage trench enclosure ar-
ranged so that a spill could terminate
and be safely confined in an in-plant
catchment basin or holding pond.
(iii) Drainage of rainwater from the
diked area into a storm drain or an efflu-
ent discharge that empties into an open
water course, lake, or pond, and bypass-
ing the in-plant treatment system may
be acceptable II:
(A) The bypass valve is normally
sealed closed.
(B) inspection of the run-off rain
water ensures compliance with appli-
cable water quality standards and will
not cause a harmful discharge as defined
in 40 CER110.
(C) The bypass valve is opened, and
resealed following drainage under re-
sponsible supervision.
CD) Adequate records are kept of
such events.
(iv) Buried metallic storage tanks rep-
resent a potential for undetected spills.
A new buried installation should be pro-
tected from corrosion by coatings,
cathodic protection or other effective
methods compatible with local soil con-
ditions. Such buried tanks should at least
be subjected to regular pressure testing.
(v) Partially burled metallic tanks for
the storage of oil should be avoided, un-
less the buried section of the gbett is ade-
quately coated, since partial burial In
damp earth can cause rapid corrosion of
metallic surfaces, especially at the earth/
air interface.
When a pipeline Is not in service,
or tn standby service for an extended
time the terminal connection at the
transfer point should be capped or
blank-flanged, and marked as to origin.
(ill) Pipe supports should be properly
designed to mtntmtre abrasion and cor-
rosion and allow for expansion ,r>d con-
tractual.
Civ) All aboveground valves pipe-
lines should be subjected to regular ex-
aminations by operating personnel at
which tlnje the general condition of
items, such as flange joints,
joints, valve glands and bodies, catch
pans, pipeline supports, locking of valves,
and Trvf,t'jt1 surfaces should be assessed. In
addition, periodic pressure testing may
be warranted for piping in areas where
facility drainage Is such that a failure
might lead to a spill event.
-------
(B) All lank battery and central treat-
ing plant installations should be provided
with a secondary means of containment
for the entoe contents of the largest sin-
gle tank 11 feasible, or alternate systems
such as those outlined in { 112.7(c) (1).
Drainage from undiked areas should be
safely con£ned in a catchment basin or
holding pood.
(C) All tanks containing oil should be
visually examined by a competent per-
son for condition and need for mainte-
nance on a scheduled periodic basis.
Such examination should include the
foundation and supports of tanks that
are above the surface of the ground.
(D) Not and old tank battery installa-
tions should, as far as practical, be fail-
safe engineered or updated into a fail-
safe engineered installation to prevent
spills. Consideration should be given to
one or more of the following:
(J) Adeposte tank capacity to assure
that a ta&£ will not overfill should a
pumper/ganger be delayed in making his
regular romds.
(2) Oversow equalizing lines between
tanks so thst a full tank can overflow to
an adjacen: tank.
(3) Adequate vacuum protection to
prevent tari: collapse during a pipeline
run.
(4) Hlgt level sensors to generate and
transmit an alarm signal to the computer
where facilities are a part of a computer
production control system.
(iv) FacZitv transfer operations, oil
production facility (onshore). (A) All
above ground valves and pipelines should
be examined periodically on a scheduled
basis for general condition of items such
as flange jemts, valve glands and bodies,
drip pans, pipeline supports, pumping
well polish rod stuffing boxes, bleeder and
gauge valves.
(B) Salt water (oil field brine) dis-
posal facilities should be examined often,
particularly following a sudden change In
atmospheric temperature to detect pos-
sible system upsets that could cause an
oil discharge.
(C) Production facilities should have
a program of flowline maintenance to
prevent spfCs from this source. The pro-
cram shouii Include periodic examina-
tions, corrosion protection, flowline re-
Placement, and adequate records, as ap-
propriate, for the Individual facility.
(6) Oil faming and workover facilities
(onshore) Mobile drilling or workover
equipment should be positioned or lo-
cated so a; to prevent spilled oil from
reaching nsrigable waters.
(ii) Depending on the location, catch-
ment basins or diversion structures may
be necessary to intercept and contain
spills of fuel, crude oil, or oily drilling
fluids.
(iii) Before drilling below any casing
string or during workover operations, a
blowout prerention (BOP) assembly and
well control system should be Installed
that is capable of controlling any well
head press-jre that is expected to be
encountered while that BOP assembly is
on the well. Casing and BOP installations
should be ir. accordance with State reg-
ulatory agency requirements.
RULES AND REGULATIONS
(7) Oil drilling, production, or work-
over facilities ¦ {.offshore). (i) Definition:
"An oil drilling, production or workover
facility (offshore)" may Include all drill-
ing or workover equipment, wells, flow-
lines, gathering lines, platforms, and
auxiliary nontransportation - related
equipment and facilities in a single geo-
graphical oil or gas field operated by a
single operator.
In areas where separators and
treaters are equipped with dump valves
whose predominant mode of failure is in
the closed position and pollution risk is
high, the facility should be specially
equipped to prevent the escape of oil.
This could be accomplished by extending
the flare line to a diked area if the sepa-
rator is near shore, equipping it with a
high liquid level sensor that will auto-
matically shut-in wells producing to the
separator, parallel redundant dump
valves, or other feasible alternatives to
prevent oil discharges.
(v) Atmospheric storage or surge tanks
should be equipped with high liquid level
.¦nainy devices or other acceptable al-
ternatives to prevent oil discharges.
(vi) Pressure tanks should be equipped
with high and low pressure sensing de-
vices to activate an alarm and/or con-
trol the flow or other acceptable alterna-
tives to prevent oil discharges.
(vli) Tanks should be equipped with
mi
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34170
operating condition at all times and In-
spected an a scheduled periodic basis for
X allures. Such inspections should be
documented and maintained at the
facility.
(8) Inspections and records. Inspec-
tions required by this part should be In
accordance with written procedures de-
veloped for the facility by the owner or
operator. These written procedures and
a record of the Inspections, signed by the
appropriate supervisor or inspector,
should be made part of the SPCC Plan
and for a period of three
years.
(9) Security
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THE SPCC PLAN
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THE SPCC PLAN
BASIC CONCEPTS
There is no rigid format for an SPCC Plan. The guidelines (paragraph 112.7)
of the regulation suggesting format is quoted - 'The complete SPCC Plan shall
follow the sequence outlined below, and include a discussion of the facility's con-
formance with the appropriate guidelineslisted".These guidelines indicate "minimal"
requirements and must necessarily provide wide latitude to the many types of faci-
lities to which they apply.
Spills can best be controlled by installation of prevention systems, adherence to
proper operating procedures, and preventative maintenance, supported by positive
containment and removal. If these elements are well thought out and documented,
the result will be an adequate SPCC Plan. Therefore, three basic principles should
be embodied within any SPCC Plan —
1. The practices devotes to the prevention of oil spills,
2. the plan of containment should a spill occur, and
3. the plan for removal and disposal of oil.
Furthermore, the Plan must be maintained and/or revised according to any
changes in operation, process, or facilities covered.
SPILL PREVENTION
Operational errors and equipment failures are the primary causes of spills. There-
fore, the plan should contain measures designed to avoid these errors and failures.
Operational Errors can bs minimized through —
1. personnel training,
2. operator awareness of the imperative nature of spill prevention, and
3. adequate supervision of procedures.
Management must be committed to spill prevention and must develop and enforce
techniques for safe and efficient operation.
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Equipment Failures can be minimized through —
1. proper initial selection and construction,
2. maintenance of structural integrity and function, and
3. frequent inspections.
Industry standards and sound engineering practices dictate the proper course of
action in each of these areas.
CONTAINMENT OF SPILLED OIL
In our "inland" region we are generally concerned with spills from facilities
where posit ve containment devices and systems are practical and effective. Dikes,
retaining walls, curbing, spill diversion ponds, sumps, etc. fall into the category of
prevention systems. Only where impracticability* to provide positive containment
can be clearly demonstrated does the facility have the option to take the "con-
tingency" plan approach. Contingency plans are considered "reactive" in nature -
that is, they generally describe after-the-fact actions and can only be expected
to mitigate the effects of a spill after it occurs. Therefore, preventative systems
must be given first priority consideration in the initial study and preparation of
the SPCC Plan.
* "Impracticability to provide positive containment" alludes mainly to those
cases where severe space limitations may preclude installation of structures or equip-
ment to prevent oil from reaching water. Justifying 'Impracticability" 6n the basis
of financial considerations is difficult because the required commitment of man-
power, equipment, 8nd materials to expeditiously control, remove, and disperse of
spilled oil would not normally offer any significant economic advantage.
ELEMENTS OF SPCC PLAN
While each SPCC Plan is unique, there are certain elements which may be included
almost without exception to make a plan comply with provisions of the regulation
and the spirit of oil spill prevention. These elements are discussed or listed as follows:
Name of facility - This may or may not be the business name.
Type of facility - This briefly describes the business activity.
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Date of Initial Operation - The date that the facility began operation.
Location of Facility - This may be a word description, or city address which can
be supported by area maps.
Name and Address of Owner — Usually an address remote from the facility
location.
Designated Person Responsible for Oil Spill Prevention — Each facility should
have some person with overall oil spill responsibility. This person should be tho-
roughly familiar with the regulation and the facility SPCC Plan.
Oil Spill History — This section can be either a reactive declaration, or a detailed
history of significant spill events which occurred in the twelve month period prior
to the publication of the regulation. In the latter case, typical information would
include:
1. type and amount of oil spilled
2. location-date, and time of spill(s)
3. watercourse affected
4. description of physical damage
5. cost of damage
6. cost of clean-up
7. cause of spill
8. action taken to prevent recurrence
Management Approval - This is a signed statement of a person with the autho>
rity to commit management to implementation of the plan.
Certification - This is a statement of plan certification under the seal, signature,
State and registration number of a registered professional engineer. The certifying
engineer is not necessarily registered in the State in which the facility is located.
NOTE: All of the above information may be presented on a single page of an
SPCC Plan. As an example, in Appendix "A" is a sheet entitled "Certification
Information."
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Facility Analyses - A portion of the plan should include a description of facility
operation which would generally indicate the magnitude of spill potential. For
example, the amount and type of storage, normal increments of transfer or
patterns of usage, distribution, processes, etc. In this analyses the direction of
flow of spilled oil should be indicated along with any factors which are pertinent
or influence spill potential. It is appropriate to support this type information by
charts, tables, plot plans etc. to aid clarity or promote brevity.
Location of Facility - The geographical location is an integral part of the SPCC
Plan. Location and topographic maps can be critical 1n determining the adverse
consequences of an oil spill. Sources for such maps include: (1) U.S. Geological
Survey, (2) State Highway Department, (3) County Highway Engineer, (4) Local
Land Surveys, and (5) City Engineer.
Facility Inspection - An inspection report covering the facility in terms of
equipment, containment, operati in, drainage, security, etc. may provide essential
information necessary to formulate the SPCC Plan. Therefore, such reports could
reasonably be incorporated as part of the plan. This kind of report would best
serve in the more complex facilities and is not considered necessarily an element
common to all SPCC Plans.
SPCC EXAMPLES
Several industrial trade associations have developed suggested SPCC Plan prepara-
tion guidelines for use by their members. Generally these guidelines were developed
for a particular type of facility and have been very helpful. However, care should
be exercised not to rely totally on any stereotyped format. Each plan is unique to
the facility and requires individual thought processes and tailoring to specific spill
hazards.
The American Petroleum Institute has prepared a bulletin entitled "Suggested
Procedure for Development of Spill PreventWi Control and Countermeasure Plans"
(API Bulletin D16). This was designed primarily for oil production facilities. See Appendix c.
The National Oil Jobbers Council has prepared a sample SPCC Plan covering a
modest sized bulk plant which includes written and graphic details along with a dike
design procedure. A copy of this is included in Appendix "B".
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CERTIFICATION INFORMATION
A. Name of Facility — Texas Bulk Storage Terminal
B. Type of Facility — Crude Oil Storage and Handling
C. Date of Initial Operation - January 1,1974
D. Location of Facility —1111 Main Street, Houston, Texas
E. Name and Address of Owner — ABC Oi! Company
P.O. Box 0000
Houston, Texas 77000
F. Designated Person Responsible for Oil Spill Prevention -
NAME Mr. John Doe
G. Oil Spill History - This facility has experienced no significant oil spill event
during the twelve months prior to January 10,1974.
H. Management Approval - Full approval is extended by Management at a level
with authority to commit the necessary resources.
SIGNATURE
NAME Mr. A. A.Jones
TITLE President - ABC Oil Company
t. Certification - I hereby certify that I have examined the facility, and being
familiar with the provisions of 40 CFR, Part 112 attest that this SPCC Plan
has been prepared in accordance with good engineering practices.
NAME:
SIGNATURE:
(Seal) REGISTRATION NO.
DATE: STATE:
- An example of a certification page for a SPCC Plan.
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SPILL PREVENTION CONTROL AND COUNTERMEASUBE PLAN
ABC OIL COMPANY
100 Neverspill Road
Post Office Box 100
Oilville, Virginia 23129
Telephone (1Z3J 456-7890
CONTACT
John Doe, Owner & Manager
CERTIFICATION:
Engineer:
Signature:
License Number: State:
Date:
(Seal)
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1. NAME AMD OWNERSHIP
Name: ABC Oil Company
100 Neverspiii Road
Post Office Box 100
Oilviile, Virginia 23129
Telephone: (123)456-7890
Manager: John Doe
505 Oil Road
Oilviile, Virginia 23129
Telephone: (123) 456-0987
Owner: Same
Other Personnel: Secretary-Bookkeeper
Dispatcher
Transport Driver
(3) Deli very men
Service Area: Mid-Wake County, Virginia
2. DESCRIPTION OF FACILITY
The bulk-plant of the ABC Oil Company handles, stores, and distributes petro-
leum products in the form of motor gasoline, kerosene, and No. 2 fuel oil. The
accompanying drawing shows the property boundaries and adjacent highway,
drainage ditches, on-site buildings, and oil-handling facilities.
Fixed Storage: (2) 20,000 gallon vertical tanks (premium gasoline)
(2) 20,000 gallon vertical tanks (regular gasoline)
(2) 20,000 gallon vertical tanks (No. 2 fuel oil)
(1) 20,000 gallon vertical tank (kerosene)
Total: 140,000 gallons
Vehicles: (1) Transport Truck
(4) Tankwagon Delivery Trucks
The bulk-plant is surrounded by steel security fencing, and the gate is locked
closed when the plant is unattended.Two area lights are located in such positions
so as to illuminate the office and storage areas.
3. PAST SPILL EXPERIENCE
(None)
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4. SPILL PREVENTION-STORAGETANKS
1) Each tank is UL-142 construction (above-ground use).
2) The main outlet valve on each tank is locked-shutwhen the plant is unattended.
3) Each tank is equipped with a direct-reading gauge.
4) Venting capacity is suitable for the fill and withdrawal rates.
5} Main power switch for pumps is located in a box which is locked when the
bulk plant is unattended.
6) A dike surrounds the tank assembly. Its volume (height vs area) is computed
based on the single largest tank within (20,000 gals.), and allowance is made
for all additional vertical tank displacement volumes below the dike height
(estimated spill liquid level). Total storage capacity is 140,000 gals. A 2-in.
water drain is located at the lowest point within dike enclosure, and it connects
to a normally-closed gate valve outside the dike.
5. SPILL PREVENTION-VEHICULAR
1) On-Site
The frontal highway ditch and the ditch on the property's southern boundary
intersect before crossing the highway through a culvert headed eastward and
eventually to a stream located approximately one-half mile distant. Emergency
containment action will constitute the erection of an earthern dam and place-
ment of absorbent pillars at the entrance to the earthern dam and placement
of absorbent pillars at the entrance to the culvert. Additional cascading of
barriers will be provided as necessary.
Personnel training and drill are described herein later.
2) Off-Site
Each vehicle is equipped with a shovel and two absorbent pillars. The driver
is instructed to achieve emergency containment, if possible, then call office
for help immediately.
6. PERSONNEL
All personnel have been instructed and rehearsed in the following spill preven-
tion and countermeasure plans:
1) No tanks or compartments to be filled without prior checking reserves.
2) No pump operations unless attended continuously.
3) Warning signs are displayed to check for line disconnections before vehicle
departures.
4) Instruction has been held on oil-spill prevention, containment, and retrieval
methods, and a "dry-run" drill for an on-site vehicular spill incident has
been conducted.
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5) Instructions and phone numbers have been publicized and posted at the office
regarding the report of a spill to the E.P.A. and the Virginia State Water
Control Board.
6) Instructions and company regulations have been posted conspicuously which
relate to oil spills prevention and countermeasure procedures.
7. FUTURE SPILL PREVENTION PLANS
By January 10, 1975 (implementation deadline) the following additional plans
will be completed:
1) On-site storage of spill containment and retrieval materials and equipment:
bagged absorbent, absorbent pillars and booms, and tools. Storage facility will
be well-publicized and clearly identified.
2) Installation of a sand-filled catchment basin for minor, routine spillage at
loading pump intakes and at loading rack. Sand to be periodically replaced.
3) A routine inspection program with check-off listing of tanks, piping, valves,
hoses, and pumps for the prevention of both major spills and also minor
spills or leakage through proper maintenance.
John Ooe
(Signature)
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DIKE DESIGN PROCEDURE
1. GENERAL CODE FOR NORMALLY STABLE,
FLAMMABLE OR COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS
a) The volumetric capacity of the diked area shajl not be less than the greatest
amount of liquid that can be released from the largest tank within the diked
area, assuming a full tank, plus a freeboard of at least twelve inches. The
capacity of the diked area enclosing more than one tank shall be calculated
by deducting the volume of the tanks other than the largest tank below the
height of the dike.
b) Walls of the diked area shall be on earth, steel, concrete or solid masonry
designed to be liquid-tight and to withstand a full hydrostatic head. Earthen
walls 3 feet or more in height shall have a flat section at the top not less than
2 feet wide. The slope of an earthen wall shall be consistent with the angle
of repose of the material of which the wall is constructed.
c) The walls of the diked area shall be restricted to an average height of 6 feet
above interior grade.
d) Where provision is made for draining water from diked areas, drainage shall be
provided at a uniform slope of not less than 1 percent away from tanks toward
a sump, drainbox, or other safe means of disposal located at the greatest
practical distance from the tank. Such drains shall normally be controlled in a
manner so as to prevent flammrble or combustible liquids from entering
natural water courses, public sewers, or public drains. If their presence would
constitute a hazard. Control of drainage shall be accessible under fire
conditions.
e) No loose combustible material, empty or full drum or barrel, shall be per-
mitted within the diked area.
f) Each diked area containing two or more tanks shall be subdivided preferably
by drainage channels or at least by intermediate curbs in order to prevent
spills from endangering adjacent tanks within the diked area as follows:
(ii) When storing normally* stable flammable or combustible liquids,
one subdivision for each tank in excess of 100,000 gallons (2,500 bbls.)
and one subdivision for each group of tanks (no tank exceeding 100,000
gallons capacity) having an aggregate capacity not exceeding 150,000
gallons (3,570 bbls.}.
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2. EXAMPLE OF DESIGN: HORIZONTAL TANKS ONLY
Plan View Approx. available dike position
t
CO
I
10,000
9§L_
45'
15,000
15,000
gal.
gal.
Average Dike Height
(a) Minimum containment vol*
ume is single largest tank
within dike:
15,000 gals., this example.
15JD00 gals., .1337 cu. ft/gal."
2006 cu. ft.
(b) Available Area:
30 x 45 = 1350 sq.ft.
This example.
(c) Average Dike height "h"
"h"x 1350 = 2006
h « 2006-r 1350
h = 1.486 ft.=17.8 inches plus
freeboard.
3. EXAMPLE OF DESIGN: HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL TANKS
Plan View Approx. available dike position
15,000
15,000
gal.
gal.
Horiz.
Horiz.
(2) 20,000 gal.
Vert.
CO
75'
a) From code, the minimum containment volume is single largest tank within:
20,000 gallons, this example
20,000 gallons x .1337 cu. ftigallon = 2674 cu.ft.
b) Available dike area, this example: 30' x 75' = 2250 sq.ft.
c) Observe that some volume of the vertical tanks go below the dike wall height
(see last sentence, paragraph 1 j). This volume of the second 20,000 gallon
tank (and any additional verticals) assumed not ruptured must be considered.
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d) Average dike height "h"
"h" x Area of Dike = Minimum Containment Volume + "h" x circular area
of second and any additional certical tanks.
"h" x 2250 sq. ft. = 2674 cu. ft. + "h" x 3.14 x 525 x 525 {radius squared)
2250h- 8S.5h s 2874
2163.5h = 1.236 ft. = 14.8 inches.
Average Dike Height s 15 inches approximately plus freeboard.
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Drain Ditch
Fence
Property Line
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Storage Facility Erected
to NFPA-30 Standards
(7) 20,000 gal. vert, tanks
Dike: 20' x 108* x V-8" high
Reinforced concrete block 8"
Gates in Fencing
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Oilville
Neverspill
Nearest stream
Vi mile
N-
BULK PLANT SITE VIEW: EPA SPCC PLAN
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SPILL PREVENTION CONTROL & COUNTERMEASURE PLAN
PART I
GENERAL INFORMATION
1. Name of facility _ "
2. Type of facility — —
3. Location of facility — —— —
4. Name and address of owner or operator:
Name —
Address
5. Designated person accountable for oil spill prevention at facility:
Name and title
6. Facility experienced a reportable oil spill event during, the twelve months prior to Jan. 10, 1974
(effective date of 40 CFR, Part 112). (If YES, complete Attachment ±bl.)
MANAGEMENT APPROVAL
This SPCC Plan will be implemented as herein described.
Signature . ..
Name
Title
CERTIFICATION
I hereby certify that I have examined the facility, and being familiar with the provisions of 40
CFR, Part 112, attest that this SPCC Plan has been prepared in accordance with good engineering
practices.
Printed Name of Registered Professional Engineer
(Seal)
Signature of Registered Professional Engineer
Date -— — Registration No State
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PART I
GENERAL INFORMATION
7. Potential Spills — Prediction & Control:
Total
Major Type Quantity Rate Direction Secondary
Source of Failure (bbls) (bbls/hr) of Flow* Containment
Discussion:
Attach map if appropriate.
Name of facility
Operator
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PART I
GENERAL INFORMATION
[Response to statements should be: YES, NO, or NA (Not Applicable).]
8. Containment or diversionary structures or equipment to prevent oil from reaching
navigable waters are practicable. (If NO, complete Attachment #2.)
9. Inspections and Records
A. The required inspections follow written procedures.
B. The written procedures and a record of inspections, signed by the appropriate
supervisor or inspector, are attached.
Discussion:
10. Personnel Training and Spill Prevention Procedures
A. Personnel are properly instructed in the following:
(1) operation and maintenance of equipment to prevent oil discharges, and
(2) applicable pollution control laws, rules, and regulations.
Describe procedures employed for instruction: .
B. Scheduled prevention briefings for the operating personnel are conducted fre-
quently enough to assure adequate understanding of the SPCC Plan.
Describe briefing program: —___
Name of facility
Operator
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(Prior to completing Part II, Alternate A, refer to regulations and instructions pages G-T.)
PART n, ALTERNATE A
DESIGN AND OPERATING INFORMATION
ONSHORE FACILITY (EXCLUDING PRODUCTION)
A. Facility Drainage
1. Drainage from diked storage areas is controlled 'as follows (include operating description
of valves, pumps, ejectors, etc. (Note: Flapper-type valves should not be used):
2. Drainage from undiked areas is controlled as follows (include description of ponds, lagoons,
or catchment basins and methods of retaining and returning oil to facility) '
3. The procedure for supervising the drainage of rain water from secondary containment into
a storm drain or an open watercourse is as follows (include description of (a) inspection for
pollutants, and (b) method of vaiving security). (A record of inspection and drainage events
is to be maintained on a form similar to Attachment #3):
Name of facility " ~~ ~~~
Operator — ~ " "
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PART n, ALTERNATE A
DESIGN AND OPERATING INFORMATION
ONSHORE FACILITY (EXCLUDING PRODUCTION)
[Response to statements should be: YES, NO, or NA (Not Applicable).]
B. Bulk Storage Tanks
1. Describe tank design, materials of construction, fail-safe engineering features, and if
needed, corrosion protection:
2. Describe secondary containment design, construction materials, and volume:
3. Describe tank inspection methods, procedures, and record keeping:
4. Internal heating coil leakage is controlled by one or more of the following control factors:
(a) Monitoring the steam return or exhaust lines for oil.
Describe monitoring procedure: ¦
(b) Passing the steam return or exhaust lines through a settling tank, skimmer,
or other separation system.
(c) Installing external heating systems.
5. Disposal facilities for plant effluents discharged into navigable waters are
observed frequently for indication of possible upsets which may cause an oil spill
event.
Describe method and frequency of observations:
Name of facility
Operator
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PART II, ALTERNATE A
DESIGN AND OPERATING INFORMATION
ONSHORE FACILITY (EXCLUDING PRODUCTION)
[Response to statements should be: YES, NO, or NA (Not Applicable).]
C. Facility Transfer Operations, Pumping, and In-plant Process
1. Corrosion protection for buried pipelines:
(a) Pipelines are wrapped and coated to reduce corrosion.
(b) Cathodic protection is provided for pipelines if determined necessary by elec-
trolytic testing.
(c) When a pipeline section is exposed, it is examined and corrective action taken
as necessary.
2. Pipeline terminal connections are capped or blank-flanged and marked if the pipe-
line is not in service or on standby service for extended periods.
Describe criteria for determining when to cap or blank-flange:
3. Pipe supports are designed to minimize abrasion and corrosion and allow for
expansion and contraction.
Describe pipe support design:
4. Describe procedures for regularly examining all above-ground valves and pipelines (includ-
ing flange joints, valve glands and bodies, catch pans, pipeline supports, locking of valves,
and metal surfaces) !
5. Describe procedures for warning vehicles entering the facility to avoid damaging above-
ground piping: — — —
Name of facility —
Operator — —
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PART II, ALTERNATE A
DESIGN AND OPERATING INFORMATION
ONSHORE FACILITY (EXCLUDING PRODUCTION)
[Response to statements should be: YES, NO, or NA (Not Applicable).]
D. Facility Tank Car & Tank Truck Loading/Unloading Rack
Tank car and tank truck loading/unloading occurs at the facility. (If YES, complete
1 through 5 below.)
1. Loading/unloading procedures meet the minimum requirements and regulations of
the Department of Transportation (refer to 49 CFR Parts 171,173,174,177, and 179).
2. The unloading area has a quick drainage system.
3. The containment system will hold the maximum capacity of any single compart-
ment of a tank truck loaded/unloaded in the plant.
Describe containment system design, construction materials, and volume;
4. An interlocked warning light, a physical barrier system, or warning signs are pro-
vided in loading/unloading areas to prevent vehicular departure before disconnect
of transfer lines.
Describe methods, procedures, and/or equipment used to prevent premature vehicular
departure:
5. Drains and outlets on tank trucks and tank cars are checked for leakage before
loading/unloading or departure.
Name of facility
Operator
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PART II, ALTERNATE A
DESIGN AND OPERATING INFORMATION
ONSHORE FACILITY (EXCLUDING PRODUCTION)
[Response to statements should be: YES, NO, or NA (Not Applicable).]
E. Security
1. Plants handling, processing, or storing oil are fenced.
2. Entrance gates are locked and/or guarded when the plant is unattended or not in
production.
3. Any valves which permit direct outward flow of a tank's contents are locked
closed when in non-operating or standby status.
4. Starter controls on all oil pumps in non-operating or standby status are:
(a) locked in the off position;
(b) located at site accessible only to authorized personnel.
5. Discussion of items 1 through 4 as appropriate:
6. Discussion of the lighting around the facility..
Name of facility
Operator
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(Prior to completing Part II, Alternate B, refer to regulations and instructions page 7.)
PART n, ALTERNATE B
DESIGN AND OPERATING INFORMATION
ONSHORE OIL PRODUCTION FACILITY
[Response to statements should be: YES, NO, or i\A (Not Applicable).]
A. Facility Drainage
1. Drainage from diked storage areas is controlled as follows (include operating description
of valves, pumps, ejectors, etc.):
2. The procedure for supervising the drainage of rain water from secondary containment into
a storm drain or an open watercourse is as follows (include description of (a) inspection for
pollutants, and (b) method of valving security). (A record of inspection and drainage
events is to be maintained on a form similar to Attachment it3):
3. Field drainage ditches, road ditches, and oil traps, sumps, or skimmers, if such
exist, are inspected at regularly scheduled intervals for accumulations of oil.
Describe inspection procedures, intervals, and methods employed to remove oil:
6. Bulk Storage Tanks
1. Describe tank design, materials of construction, and fail-safe engineering features:
Name of facility
Operator
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PART n, ALTERNATE B
DESIGN AND OPERATING INFORMATION
ONSHORE OIL PRODUCTION FACILITY
IJtenpon-ie to statements should be: YES, NO, or AM (Not Applicable).}
2. Describe secondary containment design, construction materials, and volume:
3. Describe tank examination methods and procedures:
C. Facility Transfer Operations
1. Describe scheduled basis for examinations of above-ground valves and pipelines and salt water
disposal facilities: —— —
2. Describe flowline maintenance program to prevent spills :
D.
1.
Oil Drilling and Workover Facilities
1. A blowout preventer (BOP) assembly and well control system is installed before
drilling below any casing string and, as required during workover operations.
The BOP assembly.is capable of controlling any expected wellhead pressure.
Casing and BOP installations conform to state regulations.
Name of facility.
Operator
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(Prior to completing Part 11, Alternate C, refer to regulation* and instructions page 8.)
PART II, ALTERNATE C
DESIGN AND OPERATING INFORMATION
OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING, PRODUCTION, OR WORKOVER FACILITY
[iJesponse to statements should be: YES, NO, or NA (Not Applicable).]
A. Facility Drainage
1. Oil drainage and collection equipment is used to catch small oil leakage around
pumps, glands, valves, flanges, expansion joints, hoses, drain lines, separators,
treaters, tanks, etc.
2. Drains direct all oil to a central sump or equivalent.
3. Where drains and sumps are not practicable, oil collection equipment is emptied as
often as necessary to prevent overflow.
Discuss frequency of surveillance and removal of oil from collection equipment:
B. Sump System
A sump system is used at this facility. (If YES, complete 1 and 2 below.)
1. Describe operation of sump and drain liquid removal system:
2. Describe preventive maintenance inspection, test program, and record keeping:
Name of facility
Operator
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PART II, ALTERNATE C
DESIGN AND OPERATING INFORMATION
OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING, PRODUCTION, OR WORKOVER FACILITY
[Response to statements should be: YES. NO, or NA (Not Applicable
C. Separator and Treater Dump Valves
In areas where pollution risk is higrh as a result of dump valve failure is the predom-
inant mode of failure in the closed position?
If YES, describe safety equipment and procedures used to prevent oil discharges to the water
when dump valve failure occurs:
D. Tanks
Describe equipment used to prevent oil discharges (include discussion of corrosion protection
measures): — — —
E' ponutim prevei,tion ' *nd systons are
shown on Attachment #4.
F. Well Control „,
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PART n, ALTERNATE C
DESIGN AND OPERATING INFORMATION
OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING, PRODUCTION, OR WORKOVER FACILITY
[Response to ttatcmcnt* tkotdd b<; YES, NO, or NA (Not Applicable).]
2. The BOP assembly is capable of controlling any expected wellhead pressure.
S. Casing and BOP installations conform to applicable rules and regulations. |
G. Written Instructions for Contractors
1. Written instructions discussing duties and obligations to prevent pollution are
prepared for contractors servicing a well or systems appurtenant to a well or
pressure vessels.
2. These instructions are maintained at the offshore facility.
3. An authorised representative of the owner or operator is present under certain cir-
cumstances and conditions to intervene when necessary to prevent a spill event.
H. Flow lines
1. All headers have check valves on individual flowlines.
2. Where the shut-in well pressure is greater than the working pressure of the
flowline, manifold valves, and flowline header valves, the flowline shall have a
high pressure sensing device and. shut-in valve at the wellhead to prevent over-
pressuring (unless a pressure relief system is provided).
I. Pipelines
1. Describe corrosion protection measures for pipelines within the facility:
i - ¦ i i M |
2 Submarine pipelines connected to ths facility are adequately pretectal against
environmental stresses and fishing operations.
3. Describe submarine pipeline inspection-for-failure procedures and record keeping:
Name of facility
Operator -
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SPCC PLAN, ATTACHMENT #1
SPILL HISTORY
(Complete this form for any reportable spill (s) which has (have) occurred from this facility
during "the twelve months prior to January 10,1974 into. ,
navigable water.)
1. Date Volume Cause: .—
Corrective action taken:
Plans for preventing recurrence: —— —
2. Date Volume .Cause:
Corrective action taken:
Plans for preventing recurrence: —
3. Date Volume —Cause:
Corrective action taken:
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SPCC PLAN, ATTACHMENT #2
OIL SPILL CONTINGENCY PLANS AND
WRITTEN COMMITMENT OF MANPOWER, EQUIPMENT, AND MATERIALS
Secondary containment or diversionary structures are impracticable for this facility for the fol-
lowing reasons (attach additional pages if necessary):
Ve$
A strong oil spill contingency pin is attached.
A written commitment of manpower, equipment, and materials is attached. --
Name of facility
Operator
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SPCC PLAN, ATTACHMENT #3
ONSHORE FACILITY BULK STORAGE TANKS
DRAINAGE SYSTEM
Inspection Procedure:
Record of drainage, bypassing, inspection, and oil removal from secondary containment:
Date of
uate qi
Date of Bypassing Date of Supervisor's or
Drainage Open Closed Inspection Oil Removal Inspector's Signature
Name of facility
Operator
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SPCC PLAN, ATTACHMENT #4
OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING. PRODUCTION, OR WORKOVER FACILITY
POLLUTION PREVENTION EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS
Pollution Prevention Equipment:
Description Inspection Procedures Test Procedures
Supervisor's or
Inspector's
CwiMw AcfrmTri.-. S'y?tu" -
Name of facility
Operator
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SPCC PLAN ATTACHMENT #5
OFFSHORE OIL DRILLING, PRODUCTION, OR WORKOVER FACILITY
WELL CONTROL SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
List type(s) of surface and subsurface well shut-in valves and devices used to maintain control of
wells, showing (a) method of activation and control, and (b) description:
Method of Activation
Item and Control Description
Name of facility
Operator
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SPCC INSPECTION CHECKLIST
CCNTAINMEOT EQUIPMENT/STRUCTUBE OR ODOTTNGENCY PLAN
Secondary containment and/or diversionary structures
are used for possible spill sources:
SOURCE TYPE OF STRUCTURE
Select frcm: dikes, berms, retaining walls, curbes,
culverting, gutters, drains, weirs, other barriers,
spill diversions, retention ponds and sorbents.
If the contairwent or diversionary structures above
are not practicable, state reasons for impractica-
bility:
Attach a strong oil spill contingency plan and in-
clude a written ccnraitnwnt of manpower and materials
required to expeditiously control and-remove-any
harmful quantities of oil discharged. Check if
attached:
Contingency Plan Written Cocmdtnent
1112.7 Guideline# for the preparation bh4
Implementation of i Spill Prevention
Control and Countermeuure Plan.
The SPCC Plan shal] be a carefully
thought-out plan, prepared In accord-
ance with good engineering practices,
and which has the full approval of
management at a level with authority
to commit the necessary resources. If
the plan calls for additional facilities
or procedures, methods, or equipment
not yet fully operational, these Items
should be discussed in separate para-
graphs, and the details of Installation
and operational start-up should be ex-
plained separately. The complete
SPCC Plan shall follow the sequence
outlined below, and include a discus-
sion of the facility's conformance with
the appropriate guidelines listed:
(a) A facility which has experienced
one or more spill events within twelve
months prior to the effective date of
this part should include a written de-
scription of each such spill, corrective
action taken and plans for preventing
recurrence.
(b) Where experience Indicates a
reasonable potential for equipment
failure (such as tank overflow, rup-
ture. or leakage), the plan should in-
clude a prediction of the direction,
rate of flow, and total quantity of oil
which could be discharged from the
facility as a result of each major type
of failure.
Weirs, booms or other barriers
-Spm diversion ponds
(vi) Retention ponds
tvii) Sorbent materials
(2) Offshore facilities.
(i) Curbing, drip pans
(11) Sumps and collection systems
(d) When it is determined that the
installation of structures or equipment
listed in 1112.7(e) to prevent dis-
charged oil from reaching the naviga-
ble waters is not practicable from any
onshore or offshore facility, the owner
or operator should clearly demon-
strate such Impracticability and pro-
vide the following:
(1) A strong ell spill contingency
plan following the provision of 40 CFR
Part 109.
" (2) A written commitment of man-
power, equipment and materials re-
quired to expeditiously control and
remove any harmful quantity of oil
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SPCC INSPECTION CHECKLIST
FACILITY DRAINAGE
YES/NO
Drains from diked storage areas
have valves.
Drain valves are manual, cpen-
and-close design.
Rainwater from diked areas is
inspected before drainage.
Plan drainage systems are equiped
with either:
1. Ponds, lagoons or catchment
basins to retain oil.
2. A diversionary system at the
final discharge point.
Flew of drainage water between
treatment units is by either:
1. Natural hydraulic flew.
2. Two "lift" purrps - one a
spare and one installed.
BULK STORAGE TANKS YES/UD
Tank material and construction are
compatible with fluid stored.-
Secondary containment volume is
greater than the largest single
tank capacity plus rainwater.
-2-
< Facility drainage (onshore)^ lex-
cluuma production facilities). (1)
Drainage from diked storage areas
should be restrained by valves or other
positive means to prevent a spill or
other excessive leakage of oil into the
drainage system or inplant effluent
treatment system, except where plan
systems are designed to handle such
leakage. Diked areas may be emptied
by pumps or ejectors; however, these
should be manually activated and the
condition of the accumulation should
be examined before starting to be sure
no oil will be discharged into the
water.
(li) Flapper-type drain valves should
not be used to drain diked areas.
Valves used for the drainage of diked
areas should, as far as practical, be of
manual, open-and-closed design. When
plant drainage drains directly into
water courses and not Into wastewater
treatment plants, retained storm
water should be inspected as provided
in paragraphs (B). and (D)
(e)(2)(iii) before drainage.
(ill) Plant drainage systems from un-
diked areas should, if possible, flow
into ponds, lagoons or catchment
basins, designed to retain oil or return
it to the facility. Catchment basins
should not be located In areas subject
to periodic flooding.
Civ) If plant drainage Is not engi-
neered as above, the final discharge of
all ln-plant ditches should be equipped
with a diversion system that could. In
the event of an uncontrolled spill,
return the oil to the plant.
(v) Where drainage waters are treat-
¦ ed In more than one treatment unit,
natural hydraulic flow should be used.
If pump transfer is needed, two "lift"
pumps should be provided, and at least
one of the pumps should be perma-
nently Installed when such treatment
Is continuous. In any event, whatever
techniques are used facility drainage
systems should be adequately engi-
neered to prevent oil from reaching
navigable waters in the event of equip-
ment failure or human error at the fa-
cillty.
(2) Sulk storage tanks (.onshore); {ex-
cluding production facUitiet). (1) No
• tank should be used for the storage of
oil unless Its material and construction
are compatible with the material
stored and conditions of storage such
as pressure and temperature, etc.
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SPCC INSPBCTIU, CHECKLIST
BULK STORAGE TANKS (COOT.)
YES/HO
Drainage of rainwater frem diked
areas into open waters, by-passing
inplant treatment, is accomplish-
ed according to the following:
1. Normally the by-pass valve
is sealed closed.
2. The rainwater is inspected
to insure oarplianoe with
¦water quality standards.
3. The by-pass valve is opened
and resealed under respon-
sible supervision.
4. Records are kept of by-
passing and drainage events.
Buried metallic storage tanks are:
1. New tanks coated and wrapped
to reduce corrosion.
2. Provided with cathodic pro-
tection as neoessary.
3. Pressure tested on a
scheduled, periodic basis.
Partially buried metallic tanks
ace avoided unlets adequate shell
eoeting is -provided.
Aboveground tanks are tested by
one of the follcwiriEj methods:
1. hydrostatic testing
2. Visual itaepection
3. Shell thictaees testing. _
Internal heating coil leakage is
ageitraUed by:
1. Monitoring the steam return
or exhaust lines for oil.
2. Passing the a&m return or
etfuust lines through a
settling tank or other
system.
3. Installing external heating
systm.
" ' I'M
(ill) Drainage of rainwater from the
diked area into a storm drain or an ef-
fluent discharge that empties into an
open water course, lake, or pond, and
bypassing the in-plant treatment
system may be acceptable if:
(A) The bypass valve is normally
sealed closed.
(B) Inspection of the run-off rain
water ensures compliance with appli-
cable water quality standards and will
not cause a harmful discharge as de-
fined in 40 CFR Part 110.
(C) The bypass valve Is opened, aria
resealed following drainage under re-
sponsible supervision.
(O) Adequate records are kept of
such event*.
(iv) Buried metallic storage tanks
represent a potential for undetected
spills. A new buried installation should
be protected from corrosion by coat-
ings. cathodic protection or other ef-
fective. methods compatible with local
soil conditions. Such buried tanks
should at least be subjected to regular
pressure testing.
(v) Partially buried metallic tanks
for the storage of oil should be avoid-
ed. unless the buried section of the
shell is adequately coated, since par-
tial burial In damp earth can cause
rapid corrosion of metallic surfaces,
especially at the earth/air interface.
. Aboveground tanks should be
subject to periodic integrity- testing,
taking into account tank design (float-
ing roof, etc.) and using such tech-
niques as hydrostatic testing, visual in-
spection or ft system of non-destruc-
tive shell thickness testing. Compari-
son records should be kept where ap-
propriate. and lank supports utfUoun-
datioiw should be Included in these in-
spections. Xn addition, the outside of
the tank should frequently be ob-
serve-by operating personnel for
signfttf deterioration, leaks which
might cause a spill, or accumulation of
ell inside diked areas.
(vii) To control leakage through de-
fective internal heating coils, the fol-
lowing factors should be considered
ind applied, as appropriate.
(A) The steam return or exhaust
lines from internal heating coils which
discharge Into an open water course
should be monitored for contamina-
tion. or passed through a settling
tank, slammer, or other separation or
retention system.
(B) The feasibility of installing an
external heating system should also be
considered.
(vill) New and old tank installations
should, as far ss practical, be fail-safe
engineered or updated into a fail-safe
engineered Installation to avoid spills.
Consideration should be given to pro-
viding one or more of the following de-
vices:
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SPCC INSPECT! CHECKLIST
BULK STORAGE TANKS (COOT.)
All bulk storage tanks are ex-
ternally inspected on a monthly
basis for leaks or failures.
Tanks are fail safe engineered
by one of the following:
1. High level alarms with an
audible signal at a constant-
ly manned station.
2. High liquid level punp cut-
off devices.
3. Direct oonnunication be-
tween the tank gauger and
punping station.
4. A fast means of determin-
ing the liquid level in
tanks.
5. Liquid level sensing de-
vices are inspected and
tested on a scheduled,
periodic basis.
Frequent plant effluent observa-
tions to detect upsets are made.
Mobile storage tanks are properly
positioned to prevent a spill
fran reaching navigable waiter.
YES/NO
(A) High liquid level alarms with an
audible or visual signal at a constantly
manned operation or surveillance sta-
tion: In smaller plants an audible air
vent may suffice.
(B) Considering size and complexity
of the facility, high liquid level pump
cutoff devices set to stop flow at a pre-
determined tank content level.
(C) Direct audible or code signal
communication between the tank
gauger and the pumping station.
(D) A fast response system for deter-
mining the liquid level of each bulk
storage tank such as digital comput-
ers. telepulse, or direct vision gauges
or their equivalent.
Plant effluents which are dis-
charged into navigable waters should
have disposal facilities observed fre-
quently enough to detect possible
system upsets that could cause an oil
spill event.
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SPCC INSPEC1
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spec INSPECT. ^ CHECKLIST
FACILITY TANK CAR AND TANK TRUCK LOADING/UNLOADING
YIS/NO
loading/unloading procedures meet the
minimum requirements and regulations
of the Department of Transportation.
The unloading area has a quick drain-
age system.
The containment system will hold the
maximum capacity of any single tank
truck loading or unloading in the
plant.
An interlocked warning light or
physical barrier system or warning
signs are provided in the loading/
unloading area to prevent vehicular
departure before disconnect of trans-
fer lines.
Drains and outlets on tank trucks
and tank cars are checked for leaks
before loading or unloading.
RACK
(4) Facility tank car and tank truck
loading/unloading rack lonshore). (J)
Tank car and tank truck loading/un-
loading procedures should meet the
minimum requirements and regulation
established by the Department of
Transportation.
(ii) Where rack area drainage does
not flow into a catchment basin or
treatment facility designed to handle
spills, a quick drainage system should
be used for tank truck loading and un-
loading areas. The containment
system should be designed to hold at
least maximum capacity of any single
compartment of a tank car or tank
truck loaded or unloaded in the plant.
(iU) An Interlocked warning light or
physical barrier system, or warning
signs, should be provided in loading/
unloading areas to prevent vehicular
departure before complete disconnect
of flexible or fixed transfer lines.
(iv) Prior to filling and departure of
any tank car or tank truck, the lower*
most drain and all outlets of such ve-
hicles should be closely examined for
leakage, and if necessary, tightened,
adjusted, or replaced to prevent liquid
leakage while in transit.
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SPCC INSPECT. CHECKLIST
INSPECTIONS AND RECORDS
VES/NO
The required inspections follow
written procedures.
The written procedures and a record
of the inspections, signed by the
appropriate supervisor, are included
in the SPCC Plan.
SECURITY
Plants handling or storing oil are fenced.
Entrance gates are locked and/or guarded
the plant is unattended or not in
production.
Any valves which permit direct outward
flow of a tank's contents are locked
closed when in nonoperational or stand-
by status.
Starter controls on all punps in non-
operational or non-standby status are
locked or electrically isolated in the
"off" position.
The loading/unloading connections of oil
pipelines are capped or blank-flanged when
not in service.
Facility lighting is adequate.
PERSONNEL TRAINING AND SPILL PREVENTION PROCEDURES
Personnel are properly instructed in hte
following:
1. operation and maintenance of equip-
ment to prevent oil discharges.
2. Applicable pollution oontrol lavs,
rules, and regulations.
Spill prevention briefings for the operat-
ing personnel are conducted on a scheduled
periodic basis.
(8) Inspection* and records. Inspec-
tions required by this part should be
in accordance with written procedures
developed for the facility by the owner
or operator. These written procedures
and a record of the Inspections, signed
by the appropriate supervisor or in-
spector, should be made part of the
SPCC Plan and maintained tor a
period of three years.
(9) Security (excluding oil produc-
tion facilities). (I) All plants handling,
processing, and storing oil should be
fully fenced, and entrance gates
should be locked and/or guarded when
the plant is not in production or is uq-
attended.
(ii) The master flow and drain valves
and any other valves that will permit
direct outward How of the tank's con-
tent to the surface should be securely
locked In the closed position when In
non-operating or non-standby status.
(iii) The starter control on all oil
pumps should be locked in the "off"
position or located at a site accessible
only to authorized personnel when the
pumps are in a non-operating or non-
standby status.
(Iv) The loading/unloading connec-
tions of oil pipelines should be secure-
ly capped or blank-flanged when not
in service or standby service (ot an ex-
tended Urn*. This security practice
should also apply to pipelines that are
empUed of liquid content either by
draining or by inert gas pressure.
(v) Facility lighting should be com-
mensurate with the type and location
of the facility. Consideration should
be given to: (A) Discovery of spills oc-
curring during hours of darkness, both
by operating personnel, if present, and-
by non-operating personnel (the gen-
eral public, local police, etc.) and (B)
prevention of spills occurring~tHrough
acts of vandalism.
(10) Personnel, training and spill
prevention procedures, (i) Owners or
operators are responsible fdF properly
instructing their personnel in the op-
eration and maintenance of equipment
to prgvent the discharges of oil and
applicable pollution control laws, rules
and regulations.
(ID Each applicable facility should
have a designated person who is ac-
countable for oil spill prevention and
who reports to line management.
(Ill) Owners or operators should
schedule and conduct spill prevention
briefings for their operating personnel
at intervals frequent enough to assure
adequate understanding of the SPCC
Plan for that facility. Such briefings
should highlight and describe known
spill events or failures, malfunctioning
components, and recently developed
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REPORT OIL OR CHEMICAL SPILLS
TO
NATIONAL RESPONSE CENTER 1-800-424-8802
U.S. EPA - REGION VIII
1-303-293-1788
STATE 24 HOUR SPILL NOTIFICATION:
-COLORADO
-NORTH DAKOTA
-MONTANA
-UTAH
-SOUTH DAKOTA
-WYOMING
1-303-377-6326
or 1-303-377-9395
1-701-224-2121
1-406-444-6911
1-801-538-6333
1-605-773-3231
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