ATHENS/GULF BREEZE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
COOPERAIVE INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER BIOMONITORING PROJECT
Status Report: Through FY1978
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Surveillance and Analysis Division
Athens, GA 30605
UNITED STATES
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
SCIENCE AND ECOSYSTEM SUPPORT DIVISION
REGION 4
&EPA
ALAN G. AUWARTER, PH.D.
Ecological Assessment Branch
980 COLLEGE STATION RD.
ATHENS, GA 30605-2720 (706) 355-8704
AUWARTER.ALANOEPAMAIL.EPA.GOV FAX (706) 355-8726
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Table of Contents
Introduction 1
State Culture and Handling of Saltwater Test Animals
1. Static Culture Methods 2
A. Cyprinodon variegatus
B. Mysldopsis bahia
2. Transportation 5
3. Acclimation 6
Mobile Toxicity Test Trip Protocol
1. Preparations 7
2. Flow-Through Tests 7
3. Static Tests 8
4. Chemical Analyses 9
5. Data Analysis 9
Test Results and Discussion 10
An Early Evaluation of anAcute Toxicity Test
Using Luminescent Bacteria 20
Appendix 23
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1
INTRODUCTION
Flow-through acute toxicity tests have been conducted on industrial
wastewaters at twenty-one sites throughout the coastal Southeast from
the inception of this interlaboratory effort through Fiscal 1978.
Static acute toxicity tests, effluent toxicity evaluations using
luminescent bacteria and chemical characterizations were run in parallel
with flow-through tests on-site or at the Athens laboratory in some
cases. Algal assays were conducted at the Gulf Breeze Laboratory on
effluent samples shipped from most sites.
The scope of this report is limited to providing basic information
pertaining to methods used, applicability of Cyprinodon and Mysidopsis,
the relative toxicity of wastewaters evaluated to test animals, and
early evaluation of a bacterial assay method in use over the past
6 months.
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2
CULTURE AND HANDLING OF SALT WATER TEST ANIMALS
1. Static Culture Methods
Salt water static culture facilities have been established at the
EPA laboratory in Athens, Georgia, for the purpose of supplying animals
for our on-site acute toxicity testing. Sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon
variegatus) and a species of mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia) were
selected as test organisms. Original and supplemental stocks have been
supplied as necessary from the Gulf Breeze Laboratory.
Athens cultures were^originally established using synthetic salts
R R
(Instant Ocean and Rila Marine Mix ) dissolved in locally available
well water. A poor hatching rate of sheepshead minnow eggs prompted a
culture medium change to natural seawater.
To establish and maintain cultures in natural seawater, full-
strength seawater was periodically transported from coastal areas to
Athens and diluted with well water to culture salinities. Originally,
unfiltered seawater was used, but introduction of miscellaneous marine
organisms dictated a need for filtration. Filtered (1 micron) sea-
water has proven to be a satisfactory culture medium, assuming no
contamination from the seawater source.
A. Cyprinodon variegatus
Sheepshead culture in Athens involves three distinct steps:
1. Brood fish are held in 70-liter aquaria (61 x 33 x 41 cm) at
a stocking rate of 1-2 males and 5-6 females per aquarium.
An external power filter using activated carbon/plastic
floss media and a heater is used in each aquarium. Water
-------
temperature is maintained at 28-30°C. Egg collection trays
are formed by sewing together two layers of Nitex screening
of different mesh sizes. Trays cover the floor of each aqua-
rium, and are weighted with lengths of stainless steel tubing
attached underneath. Eggs are demersal and slightly adhesive
on the screening; they fall through the larger mesh of the
uppermost layer and are held between this and the lower,
smaller-mesh layer. Predation on eggs by adults has not been
observed using this type of tray. To collect eggs, a tray is
withdrawn from its aquarium, inverted over a shallow glass
pan containing salt water of the appropriate salinity to a
depth of about 3 cm, and agitated gently. Eggs fall to the
bottom of the pan from which they may be easily collected
with a pipette. Eggs may be counted as they are removed from
the pan or their number estimated by volume displacement:
100 eggs have been found to displace about 0.21 ml. Sheeps-
head in Athens cultures are depositing 80-100 eggs per fe-
male per week. Eggs are collected twice each week. Adult
sheepshead are fed frozen brine shrimp (Artemia sp.) to
satiation daily. To avoid dietary deficiencies, the brine
shrimp diet is supplemented with a commercial tropical fish
flake food.
Eggs are incubated and hatched in 4-liter wide-mouthed glass
jars. Jars are immersed in a water bath heated to 28-30°C;
vigorous aeration within jars keeps eggs and hatched fish in
suspension. A population of newly-hatched brine shrimp is
-------
4
maintained in each jar to feed developing fry.
3. Fry are held in 7-liter all-glass aquaria segregated
by date of egg collection and salinity from the time
they are two weeks of age until they are either used
in tests or otherwise disposed of. These aquaria
are supplied with bubble-up type activated carbon/
plastic floss filters; water temperature stays at
about 17°C. These fish are fed newly-hatched brine
shrimp daily. Unusually large individuals are re-
moved from each aquarium periodically to avoid preda-
tion on smaller fish.
B. Mysidopsis bahai
Complete life cycles of this mysid shrimp species are
maintained in 70-liter aquaria at about 17°C. Each aqua-
rium has a commercially available under-gravel filter which
is covered with about 5 cm of small, smooth sheel fragments
(4-15) mm in length). To avoid extensive algal growth, the
walls of the aquaria and filter standpipes are scraped and
shell substrate is periodically turned over to partially
bury the existing algae. Velocity of water returned
through filter standpipes is sufficient to maintain a
moderate current in the aquarium. The shrimp often orient
themselves into this current. Mysids are fed with newly-
hatched brine shrimp twice daily. Frequent feeding is
necessary to avoid cannibalism.
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Transportation
Two days prior to departure for a bio-assay trip, standard size
(36 X 30 X 30 cm) styrofoam coolers are prepared for the transport of
test animals. Each cooler is supplied with two doubled plastic bags
(56 X 32 cm), and each bag is filled with 1-3 gallons of synthetic salt
water at a salinity of either 10 or 15 parts per thousand. Mysid
shrimp are bagged by culture salinity, 50-200 individuals per bag.
Sheepshead are bagged by culture salinity and age grouping, 200 to
500 fry per bag. All bags are moderately aerated with air stones
powered by a Silent Giant for these two days.
The morning of departure, minnows and shrimp are carefully netted
from culture or holding tanks and released into the appropriate pre-
labeled plastic bag. Each bag is liberally stocked with newly-hatched
brine shrimp to serve as food for test animals during transport. An
additional supply of hatched brine shrimp and eggs is transported in a
well-aerated gallon jar to prevent a lapse in food supply before Artemia
cultures can be established at the test site. Air supply to the plastic
bags is rerouted from the AC-powered pump to battery-powered aerators and
the bags are closed with pipe cleaners. Animals are transported in a
passenger vehicle rather than the test trailer to reduce temperature
fluctuations and other environmental disturbances.
After arrival on-site, test organisms are transferred to the trailer
where they are once again aerated with an AC pump. If necessary, addi-
tional laboratory-hatched brine shrimp are added to ensure an adequate
interim food supply, and a fresh brine shrimp culture is started on-site.
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Acclimation
On site acclimation of animals to local water is initiated as soon
as suitable marine dilution water source has been located. A five-gallon
sample of this seawater is transported to the trailer and diluted with
well water (from the Athens laboratory or supplied by the plant being
tested) to salinities of 10 and 15 parts per thousand. Half of the water
volume from each bag of test organisms is removed and replaced with an
equal volume of dilution water of the appropriate salinity. Partial
volumes should be replaced in this way so that the holding medium for
test animals is changed from 100% laboratory holding water to close to
100% locally available dilution water over a period of 24 hours. Or-
ganisms should be exposed to 100% dilution water for at least 24 hours
prior to testing.
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MOBILE TOXICITY TEST TRIP PROTOCOL
1. Preparations
Trip preparations include packing truck, trailer and test organisms
for travel. A pre-trip check of equipment and supplies packed is made
against a detailed checklist.
Upon arrival at an industry, in addition to immediate electrical
hookup, suitable dilution water is sought, and where possible, collected
that day. This water should be low in suspended particulate matter and
industrial contaminants to the extent possible to determine in the field.
When adjusted to proper salinity (if necessary) using suitable well water,
this water is used for the acclimation of test animals and in the formu-
lation of solutions for toxicity testing.
Twenty-four hour range-finding static bio-assays using a limited num-
ber of animals and wastewater concentrations are initiated as soon as
possible after arrival on-site. Results of these tests serve to estab-
lish the concentration range(s) to be used for definitive toxicity tests.
2. Flow-Through Testing
The formal flow-through test begins on the third day. Ten shrimp
or fish are counted out into each of 12 plastic weigh boats. Animals
are observed for signs of abnormal behavior or other indications of poor
physiological condition, and any such individuals are replaced. Indi-
viduals markedly larger or smaller than the population mean within each
boat are likewise replaced to limit predation. One boat of test animals
is then released into a screened chamber within each of the 12 aquaria
used in toxicity testing. Aquaria containing 100 percent effluent are
-------
infrequently used in testing since most effluents result from fresh
water used in industrial processes, and therefore cannot be expected
to support marine life without addition of or dilution by salt water.
Animals are observed frequently on the first day of testing so that
early counts can be taken for the purpose of LC50 calculation if the
effects of the effluent are severe, and early mortality rates high.
Counts of animals surviving in each test chamber are made routinely
at the end of each of the four 24-hour periods comprising one 96-hour
test.
Static Testing
One day prior to the initiation of the 96-hour flow-through test,
an Isco Model 1580 sampler is set up to collect a 24-hour effluent com-
posite totalling approximately 20 gallons. Up to fifteen gallons of thi
composite are sent to the Gulf Breeze laboratory for additional toxi-
city testing; five gallons are used on-site to formulate static test
effluent concentrations reflecting those produced by the flow-
through diluter system. Sheepshead minnows are tested in quart
jars containing 750 ml of solution; mysid shrimp are tested in gallon
jars containing 3000 ml of solution. Ten organisms are placed in
each effluent concentration and static containers are slowly aerated
(single-bubble) throughout the testing period. Statics are conducted
for 96 hours. Initial water quality parameters, including dissolved
oxygen, salinity arid temperature are recorded for each test container.
Dissolved oxygen values are monitored daily, and values for pH and total
alkalinity are collected at the conclusion of the 96-hour testing period
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Chemical Analyses
Chemical analyses of test water involves continuous monitoring of
undiluted effluent and daily aquarium checks. At sites where effluent
flow to the trailer is sufficient, flow to the diluter is split and a
portion is passed through a Schneider monitor/strip recorder to track
pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and conductivity of incoming efflu-
ent during the course of the study. Also a set of remote probes for
temperature and pH is used in a selected test aquarium. This monitor
system is electronically calibrated in Athens, and field checked both
before beginning and periodically during each study. In addition to
continuous monitoring, dissolved oxygen, temperature and salinity are
recorded from each test aquarium and samples are taken from each efflu-
ent concentration for determination of pH and total alkalinity each day
during the course of the flow-through testing.
Data Analysis
Post-test data analysis includes mathematical evaluation of the
extent of wastewater toxicity to test animals. Whenever the pattern of
mortality over test concentration permits, LC50 values calculated by
probit analysis are reported including 95 percent confidence limits.
Where probit analysis is inappropriate, LC50 values are determined by
graphical interpolation using the log-concentration-versus-percent
survival method. Where mortality exists but is too heavy or light to
be described by standard LC50 values, a value such as 80/5.6 is re-
ported: 80 percent mortality in 5.6 percent wastewater after an in-
dicated exposure period.
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10
TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Information pertinent to these onsite studies is summarized in
Table 1. Entries are arranged in order of decreasing toxicity on the
basis of 96-hour flow-through mysid test results. Test results from
the SCM Cooperation are eliminated from the following considerations
since temperature regulation problems resulting from trailer air-con-
ditioning failure during summer temperatures in Florida created im-
possible conditions under which to conduct a valid study.
The degree of toxicity of wastewater apparently cannot be grouped
by industrial category. Wastewater from the four kraft paper producers
showed a high degree of toxicity (Container Corp., Westvaco) , an inter-
mediate degree of toxicity (International), and no toxicity (Brunswick)
to mysid shrimp as compared to other industrial wastewaters tested.
Further, of wastes from the two kraft producers demonstrating the
highest toxicity to mysids, one (Container Corp.) showed high toxicity
and the other (Westvaco) showed no toxicity to sheepshead. The two
plants having wastes influenced primarily by dyestuffs are similarly
split between the high (Verona) and low (dePoortere) ends of the scale
of waste toxicity to mysids. Of the two Dacron/Dacron precursor plants
visited, wastewater from one (Hercofina) was highly toxic, wastewater
from the other (duPont) was non-toxic to the animals tested. The two
plants producing agriculturally-related products discharged wastewaters
that were among the most toxic to mysids. One (Grace) , a fertilizer
producer, was also higly toxic to sheepshead; the other (Stauffer,
Cold Creek), a biocide producer, was non-toxic to sheepshead. Toxicity
to specific aquatic organisms, or, specifically the lethality of
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TaM e
Summary of Information From l IHJ I .1. I S l~ I WW II.HI S of tll(J
MIilm^/GiiI f Bree/.o F.PA Cooperative liulust.ri.il On-site Acute Toxicity TesLlng Program
I nduti l ry
Add r< -.s
N.i jor
Prodiu is
S L < icly
Dates
PI.Kir Diseharf.e
Vo I ume (MCD)
Test Results
he
Cypr 1 notion v.i r i uy,a uis
My s i d op si s bain ,i
Reeontmend*. il
Kercivm^ ~
Waterway i: 1 ow-1 hroni'.h Tcs t S t a L i c 'i'es I K1 ow-through IVs.^ Static 'lest. Action"
H. (.r.u e «k. Co.
1 rr>i uj»t on, NC
.!>; t* n. u 11 ur.i 1
fcrtiJlzcrs
7/26
to
8/6
1977
0.07-0.
N . U. Cape
Fear River
96 ii = 15.6
72 ii = 17.0
48 h = 18.0
24 ii = '32.9
Suh-nclul L
96 1. = 38.8
72 ii = 38.3
48 h = 38.3
24 ii = A 2.6
48 h = 20/60
24 Ii = N.M.
96 ii = 100/5.6
72 h = 95/5.6
48 ii = 80/5.6
24 h = 11.6
Youn&
24 h = 100/5.6
48 ii = 20.0
24 h = 60.0
auffer Cliem. Co.
r u" u 1 turj i chem. ,
9/9
0. 1 1-0.40
Mob Lie RLver
N
.S
96
h
=
75/5.6
Id Creek Pl.int
he rh i c ides and
Lo
72
h
=
13.3
i.ks, A1,
pesi J c ides
9/15
48
h
=
26.0
1977
24
h
=
28.1
Young
72
=
12.2
48
ii
=
17.6
24
ii
30.9
nta iiu-r C<»rp.
kriift papor
2/2
18.0-21.1
Ame1ia River
96
ii
s
7.7
N.M.8
96
ii
=
5.9
r ii. md i m.i 1' i li.
l o
72
li
=
7.7
72
=
5.9
2/9
48
ii
3(1. 1
48
it
=
18.0
l'J78
24
it
-
42.3
24
ii
=
19.3
orican Co I or
d y e i ii t e. r med i a t e s
12/9
0.25-0.33
Cnmpbel1's
96
h
s
5/32
96
=
6.3
d riifin. Co.
to
("rue k
72
ii
=
5/56
72
h
=
6.4
bee o t SC
12/16
48
li
N.M.
48
li
=
19. 1
1977
24
ii
=
N.M.
24
ii
=
42.3
Fish
26
-28 days old
96
it
=
41.6
96
it
=
80/10
72
Ii
48.9
72
ii
=
60/10
48
ii
=
49.0
48
li
=
1 1 .0
24
ii
5/56
24
h
=
23.9
72
ii
=
8.01
48
Ii
=
15.7
24
ii
=
21.7
StV.lt O Corp .
iinbliMi ii* il k ra f t p apt r ,
4/29
27-30
Cooper River
N.M.
96
h
=
8.7
aft Division
pro; ess flu mica 1
lo
72
1)
=
13.1
Cha r 1 us ton ,
roc 1 jnui ion
5/6
19/7
rcof ina Corp.
IPA I DM I (two
7/19
0. 18-0.25
Cape Fear and
96
h
=
21.3
N.M.1
96
ll
=
9.6
1 in L ji^, t <>n , r,C
|)ac run precursors)
to
N. E. Cape
72
ii
=
24.1
72
ll
=
9.6
7/24
Fear R ivers
48
li
=
25.7
48
ll
=
9.6
19 7 7
24
h
=
39. 7
24
ll
=
12.9
Younj;
48
h
=
/. I
24
ll
=
7.4
72 ii « 50/56
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Indust ry
t,
Add rr'i'i _
Mobay < Ik >ii. (\»j |>.
Vt-ron.i l)ye-.t m f
IJI v i s i on
Cliar lisimi, SI,
Into rn.i l i ihi.i I
Paper Co.
Georgetown , S
Ct;i r J i n i c r Clicm.
Tampa» Fl,
M.i |or
Produc ls
(lVi
M cached and
mib I e.ichcd kra f c,
nouL ra 1 svi 1 f l ce
process paper
pin >-.plior i l pn>dik' ls
S I 11 d v
0^1 L-s
r>m
Lo
5/29
I 97 7
8/12
to
8/18
1977
6/14
to
6/22
1978
Pl.inL Discharge
Vol nine (M("D)
3.5-5.2
Til'
Rece iv i ng
W.i Lerw.iy
Cooper Kiver
it I 111 i t?cf
29-31
(60-9- min.
release, twice
daily)
Sampit River
1/001
#005
#006
21 .6-2 3.2 Al.ifia River
18.8
0.18-0.30
Test Results
be
Cvprinodon variegatus
Mvsldopsis bahiaL>
Rlm onunt j nil
K1ow-1hrough TesL Static Test
F1 ow
-through Test Static Test
Ac; L i_on _
96 1
= 16.4
96 li
= 22.5
A
72 1
= 28.0
7 2 h
= 24.0
48 1
= 34.8
48 h
= 29.2
24 1
= 46.7
24 li
= 75.0
96 1
= 15/56 N.M.
96 h
= 28.8k N.S.M.
None
72 1
= 15/56
72 h
= 31.8
48 1
= 15/56
48 h
= 33.6
24 1
= 15/56
24 h
II
00
UJ
N.M. N.M.
96 h
ll
u
1
1
t
1)
(3 tests)
72 li
= 82.5
Staulter Chein. Co.
leMoyne l'lant
Axis, Al.
I ndusI r ia 1 grade clieni.
II ,SO, , CXI, , CI.,, CS,
NaOII 'and others'
9/15
to
9/22
1977
1.5-2.0
Mobile River
N.M.
96 li = 45.4
72 h = 4 5.4
48 h = 15/56
24 h = 10/56
None
Relchltold CluMiieal tall oil products
Bay Ninette, Al,
5/1
to
5/8
1978
0.018-0.041
Hoi]tnger
Creek
N.M.
N .M.
96 h = 50.0
72 h = 40.0
48 h = 32.0
72 h = 40.0
0 1 in Clicitii <:a 1
smokeless powder,
1/12
0.33-0.52
liig boggy
N.M.
N.M.
96
h =
45/56
St. Marks, Fl,
n i t ro-^1yee r i ne
to
Branch
(2 Lests)
72
h =
15/56
1/19
48
h =
30/56
1978
24
h =
25/56
Georgetown St oe 1
steeL wire and rod
3/20
0.65-0.67
Sampit River
N.M.
N.M.
96
li =
20/56
Georgetown, SC
to
3/27
1978
N.S.M.
None
None
Pfizer Cliem lc.i 1
Sout hport f NC
eitrie ncid
7/6
to
7/13
1978
0.71-2.43
Cape Fear River
N.M.
N.M.
96 h = 20/56
Norn.-
Virginia Cbem.
Bucks, Al.
sod L inn hyd rosu 1 f* 1 tc ,
a I i phat i c am l nes
4/24
to
5/1
1978
0.009-0.011 Cold Crock
N.M.
N.S.M. 96 h = 15/56
Brunswick Pulp
awd Paper
Bmnsw i i k, GA
bleached 6 unbleached
market kral't paper
8/7
to
8/n
1 7 B
54-59
Turtle River
N.M.
N.M.
N.S.M.
N.S.M.
Nnn«-
E. I. dnPont dr
Nl'IIU II 11 . h (,i >.
WI I m j nj;l on , N('
TPA, DM I and
I) M r < mi po I ¦ I ¦
I i I -I r
8/1
I O
«//
r>7 /
1.7-1.9
Cape Tear
l< I vi-r
N.S.M.
N.M.
N.S.M.
N.S.M.
-------
Table
i nucd
Test Results*10
I nc 111 .lry
t,
A1111 r«
dePooi ten:
Coi poi at ion
WI I in I ngt on , NC
D1 .imoiul
Sbamro< k
Cast I u Hayue, NC
Genera 1 I-1 eel r i c
Wi1 ming t ()n, 11C
Ma jor
Pj^'K tj
woven i l\iuLti'if
1. i h r i i b ; dyeing
x-d i uni b ii lir<>niat«.
rhroju i c acid
niu 1 ea r f ue I
pe 1 Ie Ls, me ta I
file I pi- 1 luLS
Sludv
lUL^s
M/4
I o
1 1/10
1977
7/1 J
to
7/JO
1978
CO
11/17
1977
Plant 0irge
Vo 1 unie (MCO)
I.04-1.22
Kece i v i ng
Waterway
Smith Creek
Cyj>r hlodon vai Jega t us
0.48-0.60 N. E. Cape
Fear Kjver
0.62-0.70 N. I!. Cnpe
Fear River
1' 11)w-t hroug11 To!'.l St £i_Lj c TesI
N.M.
N.M. N.M.
N.M.
N.M.
Mys id opsls bal > i a
" Ki'« oimiu nded
Flow-through Test Aetinn"
None
None
Test Results fnconclusive
SCM Cor|i. >,i u'li Ls , fhivuriiiKS 6/23 2.7-3.3 Moncrlef Crcuk Test Results I nconc 1 usivu : Random Mortality Throughout
G1 idden-Durkee Div. to Concentration Range.
Organii ( In in. Croup 6/29
Jacksonv i 1 I e , I I- 197 7
«> Unless otherwise indicated, all information presented in this table has been reported in Individual, industry toxicity test reports.
1>. Single values reported are f.C50 values.
c. l/her<. LC50 values could not be mathematically derived, the percent of test animals that died at the lowest test concentration in which mortality
occurred is given and is to be read as follows: 20/5.6 represents 20 percent mortality in the 5.6 percent concentration of wastewater.
d. Unh -,h otherwise stated, nil Cyprinoclon used were 1-3 weeks old. "Sub-adult" Cypr 1 nodon were 13-20 mm in length, age unknown.
e. Unless otherwise stated, all M\ s i dops ls used had reached full length (6-8 niin) and were not further identified by sex or age. "Young" mysids were
1.5-2 ii.i.) in length and 1-3 days old.
i. N.S.M.= j\o s i gn i f i c ant inort.i 1 j Ly.
g. N.M.= No mor ta 1i ty.
A 70: 10 mi Uuri ol Mys i dops i s l> i go 1 ow i and Neomys i s americana was used in this test,
j- 'Usi couduitcd in Alliens using well water collected on November 10, 1977 , substituting 6-month-old Lopomis niacrochi rus for Cyprinodon var i i-gatus
a s t he test organ i sm.
k. Test conducted substituting l-3-day-old Paphnia magna for Mysidopsis bahia.
! Additional static tests were conducted with fresh water species (effluent salinity 3 mg/ml or less).
1'p mine 1 .is : no mortality after 96 hours. D.iphn i a pu 1 ex : 48 hour L.C50 - 32.0 percent.
,n« Test cundik ted using fingerling I eta 1 urns punctatus for Cypr jnodon variegatus as the tesL organism,
l). See following n.ii'c.
-------
Tab I
mod
Specific AcLions Recommended to KPA Knforceinent Division for
Region IV Discharges liased on Results of On-site Acute Toxicity Tests.
Kci oistiietuK'il .ii t ion :
- r«quire the industry to determine how rapidly and uniformly their wastewater mixes with the receiving water.
- ll w.istiw.iii r not undergoing rapid mixing, require industry lo install diffuser pipes in the receiving water.
U, < <»n no!id. il .1 c L i on :
- require I he company to conduct dye studies to determine the isopleths of wastewater concentration and submit the results displayed on a map of
! Ik1 rou i v i ng w;i ter .
require the company to provide UFA with their daily wastewater discharge flow in MOD.
- on< e the wastewater concentration (toxicity limit) at the bound,iry of the mixing zone has been established, an effluent toxicity screening test
'.hould be required of the company using the calculated toxicity limit.
Krcomiik-nded at 11 on :
- company should conduct dye studies ti> define Clio flow characteristics (plot isopleth of wastewater concentrations) of the wastewater as it
enters and mi .-.os with the receiving wjter.
Rei.oiiiiik-nded ac L i on :
- inquire that clie wastewater be discharged via a diffuser pipe for rapid and homogeneous mixture in the receiving water.
- compute tlu; 7l,U0 flow at a point in the Alafia River near the plant outfall for use in determining the extent of dilution of wastewater.
- imm the extent of dilution determine the zone (area) of chronic toxicity.
- (he inl di'iii.i t ion on the area affected by chronic toxicity can bo used by the regulatory agency to determine if and how much reduction ol waste-
water toxicity may be required by the plant.
K» commended ac t it'll:
- company should provide EPA with calculated dilution ratios of their wastewater based on low flow conditions at selected locations downstream
from the I r discharge.
Recommended ac t i on :
- no further blomonitoring unless the company's wastewater characteristics change due to plant production changes.
-------
15
industrial wastes, is more likely related to the interaction of several
factors including:
- wastes produced,
- in-plant waste treatment,
- final concentration of wastes when released, and
- species-specific physiological response to each
complex effluent mixture.
Characterization of organics in wastewater using GC/MS analysis is
reported for three plants in addition to those reported last year
(Table 2). These three followed a trend established as a result of GC/MS
characterizations for the six previous samples: wastewater toxicity seems
to be related to both the number and total concentration of identified
organic compounds. Organic analyses were discontinued as of
September, 1977. Results of inorganic analyses are given in Table 3.
Recommendations to Region IV1s Enforcement Division, based on these
test results ranged from no action to the determination of isopleths
depicting waste flow into the receiving waterway, determination of 7Q10
values at the point of discharge, possible installation of diffuser
pipes in receiving waterway, further toxicity testing and possible re-
duction of toxicity of effluents based on the resultant information,
each to be conducted by the industry (Table 1).
Flow-through tests have produced much more information to date in
this project than have static tests. Of all flow-through tests conducted
with salt-water animals, 63% have produced reportable toxicity (mortality
relatable to wastewater concentration) , and 51% have been at least toxic
enough for the calculation of LC50 values. Of all on-site static tests
-------
TabLe 2
GC/MS
Characterization of Wastewater and Dilution Water Used
for Testing at Each Industrial Site
Concentration(mg/l)
Industry
Compound
Effluent
Dilution
Westvaco
Di(2-ethyl hexyl) Phthalate
330
<5
Phenylacetic Acid^
110
ND
5 unidentified fatty acids
approx. 5
ND
2 unidentified resin acids
approx. 5
ND
oil
unspecified
ND
grease
unspecified
ND
Verona
Chloroaniline
52
ND
Chloronitrobenzene
180
ND
1,3,3-trimethyl-2-methylene indoline
170
ND
Diniethyl-2-methylene indoline
5.9
ND
1, 3,3-trimethyl oxindole
220
ND
Unidentified Phthalate
58
ND
SCM
Hereofina
Grace
duPont
International Paper
organic samples discarded: toxicity test results inconclusive
Ethyl hexanoic acid
P-Cresol
Phenyl acetic acid
Phenol
Indole
Alkyl C3 Benzenes^
di(2-ethyl hexyl) Phthalate
Isobutyric AcidT
n-Butyric AcidT
Valeric Acid^
Laurie Acid^
Phenyl IsoeyanateT
no organics present within detectable limits
Ethyl Toluene
Xylene
N-Propyl Benzene
N-PenteneT
Dimethyl Butane^
Unidentified Phthalate
Lube-type oil
180
190
200
110
95
60
19
130
160
560
130
140
8.5
1.5
1.8
10
10
28
unspecified
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
trace(<5)
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
29
ND
-------
Table 2, continued
GC/MS Characterization of Wastewater and Dilution Water Used for Testing at Some Industrial Sites
Concentration (ug/1)
Indus try Compound Ef f luent Dilution
Stauffer Cycloate 19 NA
(Cold Creek) Fonophos 3.2 NA
Phosmet ND ND
Triethylphosphate 45 NA
Bis (2-ethy] hexyl) phthalate 2.3 NA
EPTC 37 NA
Butylate 2.4 NA
Vernolate 7.7 NA
Pebulate 0.71 NA
Molinate 40 NA
Stauffer Cycloate 1.2 NA
(LeMoyne) Fonophos ND NA
Phosmet ND ND
Triethylphosphate ND NA
Bis (2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate 6.6 NA
EPTC 1.2 NA
Butylate 0.11 NA
Vernolate 0.18 NA
Pebulate ND NA
Molinate 4.9 NA
American Color Methyl phenol (isomer) 14 ND
Benzamide 120 ND
Phenyl carbamic acid, methylester and/or isocyanatobenzene 21 ND
Dihydroxy anthraquinone 81 ND
Aniline 2500 ND
Methyl aniline (isomer) 500 ND
Chloroaniline (isomer) 270 ND
N-nitrosodiphenyl amine and/or diphenyl amine 23 ND
Nitro aniline 40 ND
Di-n-butyl phthalate 6 ND
Anthraquinone 20 ND
Aminoanthraquinone of Mn
T =
tentative identification
NA = not analyzed
ND = not detected
-------
Tab i u J
Inorganic Analyses for Samples oT Industrial Wastewater fiml Dilution Water'1'1
NH3-N
TOC
Phenols
Zinc
Chromiu
Copper
Lead
Cadmium
Industry
Sample
(me /1)
(me /1)
Cii p /1)
(rng /I)
(me /I)
(mg/1)
(mg /I)
Westvaco
Eff.
0.39
94
17
Dil.
0.02
8
15
-
-
-
-
-
Verona
Eff.
6.70
44
75
-
-
-
-
-
Dil.
0.03
9
14
-
-
-
-
-
SCM
Eff.
-
-
-
-
<80
57
-
-
Dil.
-
-
-
-
<80
34
-
-
Hereofina
Eff.
6.0
-
43
31
<20
101
<20
Dil.
ND
-
-
56
50
35
247
22
Grace
Eff.
14
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Dil.
0.31
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
duPont
Eff.
0.04
-
-
43
88
-
-
-
Dil.c
0.04
-
-
55
<50
-
-
-
International
Paper
Eff.
1.10
330
21
75
<80
24
<80
<10
Dil.
0.20
3.3
<5
80
<80
45
296
28
a. Effluent samples are of unadulterated material.
b. Dilution water is either estuarine water collected at the necessary tidal phase to be within
the range of, usually, 15-18ppt salinity or is a mixture of higher salinity seawater and well
water to provide a solution within the same salinity range.
c. Flow-through tests were run using fresh water. Dilution water characterization given is,
therefore, for fresh dilution water. Values for dilution salt water, used in static tests,
are non-detectable, 22 and 41 mg/1 for NH3-N, zinc and chromium, respectively.
-------
19
conducted with salt water animals, 17% have produced reportable toxicity
and 8% have been toxic enough for the calculation of LC50 values.
Mysidopsis bahia has been a much more useful test species than
Cyprinoaon variegatus. Of all on-site toxicity tests conducted with
Mysidopsis, 78% have produced reportable toxicity, and 63% have been at
least toxic enough for the calculation of LC50 values. Of all on-site
toxicity tests conducted with Cyprinoaon, 24% have produced reportable
toxicity, and 16% have been toxic enough for the calculation of LC50
values.
On-site sheepshead statics have never resulted in mortality suffici-
ent for the calculation of LC50 values, and in only one test (6%) of the
sixteen conducted has any toxicity been demonstrated through mortality.
Sheepshead flow-through testing produced reportable toxicity in 36%
of all tests conducted, and LC50 values could be calculated for 27% of
the tests. Mysid statics have resulted in reportable toxicity in 38% of
tests conducted, and LC50 values could be calculated for 25% of the
tests. Mysid flow-through tests have resulted in reportable toxicity
in 95% of the tests conducted, and LC50 values could be calculated for 74%
of the tests.
-------
AN EARLY EVALUATION OF AN ACUTE TOXICITY TEST USING LUMINESCENT BACTERIA
The Microtox is a specialized photometer being developed by Beckman
Instruments, Inc. and evaluated by this and other laboratories for its
applicability as a new acute toxicity testing system. Essentially, a
nearly instantaneous response is recorded as percent light increase or de-
crease from a suspension of luminescent bacteria upon exposure to a potential
toxicant. Potential benefits to a regulatory agency or discharger consci-
entiously evaluating toxic effects of a wastewater would include savings
of time and therefore expense and manpower, and a degree of uniformity
of test organisms greater than that possible with current popular test
organisms. Tests can take 30 minutes to 3 hours as opposed to conventional
96-hour tests that may take a total of 8 days in the field. Standard, cul-
tured bacteria may be supplied from a pure culture maintained in a single,
centralized laboratory. Vials of lyphilized bacteria are easily stored
and shipped.
This test system is in an evaluative phase in its development, and
problems do exist. One concerns data interpretation. A decrease in the
amount of light emitted by the bacteria can easily be interpreted as a
deleterious or "toxic" effect. An increase in the amount of emitted
light, analagous to "stimulation" in an algal assay, is more difficult
to categorize. Does such "stimulation" represent an enrichment of the
environment, and if so, should such be regarded as deleterious, accel-
erating eutrophication, or should it be regarded as a desirable situation.
A comparison of results of the bacterial test with results of stand-
ard on-site flow-through tests with Cyprinodon variegatus and Mysidopsis
bahia is given in Table 4. Entries are listed in order of decreasing
wastewater toxicity to Mysidopsis. The wastewater most toxic to mysids
-------
Table 4
Comparison of Results Between On-site Toxicity Testing With
Luminescent Bacteria and Flow-through Testing With Standard Test Organisms'
Test Organism
Industry
Sheepshead
Minnow
(96-hr exposure)
Mysid
Shrimp
(96-hr exposure)
Luminescent
Bacteria
(10-min exposure)
Reichhold
0/56
32
41/50
Gardinier
0/100
44
13% stimulation'3
Pfizer
0/56
20/56
18/50
Virginia
0/56
15/56
c
2% stimulation
Brunswick
0/56
0/56
10/50
Single values represent LC50 (sheepshead, mysids) or EC50 (bacteria)
values in percent effluent, unless otherwise indicated. Slashed values,
used when test mortality was insufficient for calculation of LC50's or
EC50's, represent:
percent mortality
highest effluent concentration tested
percent light decrease
highest effluent concentration tested
for sheepshead and mysids or
for bacteria.
Increase in light output after 10 min. exposure to the highest test
concentration of wastewater (33%) .
Increase in light output after 10 min. exposure to the highest test
concentration of wastewater (50%).
21
-------
22
(Reichhold) was also most toxic in the bacterial test. If a "toxic"
bacterial test result may be defined absolute deviation from no effect,
then Virginia Chemical and Brunswick Pulp and Paper wastewaters were
shown to be the least toxic by both the mysid shrimp test and the
bacterial test. If bacterial stimulation is defined to be other than
a toxic or deleterious effect, the comparison between mysid and bacterial
tests for these first five field-tested industries is not as direct.
Sheepshead minnow test results for these industries is included in
Table 4 to illustrate the relative insensitivity of this test species.
-------
APPENDIX
-------
23
Data Collected On-site to Date as Part
of Athens/Gulf Breeze EPA Cooperative Project
Table
# Table
I. Biological Data and Chemical Parameters Recorded by Test Aquarium
During a Flow-through 96-hour Acute Toxicity Study Conducted at
Westvaco Corporation, North Charleston, SC, April 29-lIay 6, 1977.
II. Biological Data and Chemical Parameters Recorded by Test Aquarium
During a Flow-through 96-hour Acute Toxicity Study Conducted at
Verona Dyestuff Division of Mobay Chemical Corporation, Charleston,
SC, May 23-29, 1977.
III. Biological Data and Chemical Parameters Recorded by Test Aquarium
During a Flow-through 96-hour Acute Toxicity Study Conducted at
the Glidden-Durkee Division of SCM Corp., Jacksonville, FL 32201.
IV. Survival Data Recorded for Wastewater Concentrations During a Flow-
through Toxicity Study Conducted at Hercofina Corporation,
Wilmington, North Carolina, July 20-24, 1977.
V. Chemical Parameters Recorded for Wastewater Concentrations During a
Flow-through 96-hour Acute Toxicity Study at Hercofina Corporation,
Wilmington, NC, July 20-24, 1977.
VI. Survival Data Recorded by Test Aquarium During a Flow-through
Acute Toxicity Study Conducted at W. R. Grace & Co., Wilmington,
NC, July 25-August 2, 1977.
VII. Survival Data Recorded During 48-hour Static Acute Toxicity Testing
Conducted at W. R. Grace & Co., Wilmington, NC, July 25-August 2, 1977.
VIII. Ranges of Values for Chemical Parameters Monitored Periodically
for Each Wastewater Concentration Tested During a Flow-through
Acute Toxicity Study at W. R. Grace & Co., Wilmington, NC,
July 25-August 2, 1977.
IX. Survival Data Recorded by Test Aquarium During an Acute Toxicity
Study Conducted at E. I. duPont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington,
NC, August 2-6, 1977.
X. Chemical Monitoring Data Recorded by Test Aquarium During Flow-
through Acute Toxicity Testing at E. I. duPont de Nemours and
Company, Wilmington, NC, August 2-6, 1977.
-------
Table
//
Table
24
XI. Survival Data for Acute Toxicity Tests Conducted at International
Paper Company, Georgetown, SC, August 14-18, 1977.
XII. Chemical Parameters Recorded by Test Aquarium During a Flow-through
Toxicity Study Conducted at International Paper Company, Georgetown,
SC, August 14-18, 1977.
XIII. Biological Data Recorded by Test Aquarium During a Flow-through
96-hour Acute Toxicity Study Conducted at the Cold Creek Plant of
Stauffer Chemical Company, Bucks, Alabama, September 11-15, 1977.
XIV. Chemical Parameters Recorded by Test Aquarium During a Flow-through
96-hour Acute Toxicity Study Conducted at the Cold Creek Plant of
Stauffer Chemical Company, Bucks, Alabama, September 11-15, 1977.
XV. Biological Data and Chemical Parameters Recorded by Test Aquaria
During a Flow-through 96-hour Acute Toxicity Study Conducted at
the LeMoyne Plant of Stauffer Chemical Company, Axis, Alabama,
September 16-20, 1977.
XVI. Biological Data and Chemical Parameters Recorded by Test Aquarium
During a Flow-through 96-hour Acute Toxicity Study Conducted at
dePoortere Corporation, Wilmington, NC, November 7-11, 1977.
XVII. Biological Parameters Recorded for Wastewater Concentrations During
a Flow-through Study Conducted at American Color and Chemical
Corporation, Lobeco, SC, December 9-17, 1977.
XVIII. Chemical Parameters Recorded for Wastewater Concentrations During
a Flow-through Acute Toxicity Study Conducted at American Color and
Chemical Corporation, Lobeco, SC, December 9-17, 1977.
XIX. Survival Data Recorded by Test Aquarium During an Acute Toxicity
Study Conducted at the Olin Corporation, Smokeless Powder Division,
St. Marks, FL, January 15-19, 1978.
XX. Chemical Parameters Recorded by Flow-through Test Aquarium During
an Acute Toxicity Study Conducted at the Olin Corporation, Smoke-
less Powder Division, St. Marks, FL, January 15-19, 1978.
XXI. Survival Data Recorded by Test Aquarium During Acute Toxicity
Testing Conducted at the Container Corporation of America, Fernandian
Beach, Florida, February 6-10, 1978.
XXII. Chemical Parameters Recorded by Test Aquarium During Flow-through
Acute Toxicity Testing Conducted at the Container Corporation of
America, Fernandina Beach, Florida, February 6-10, 1978.
-------
25
Table
// Table
XXIII. Survival Data Collected by Test Aquarium During an Acute Toxicity
Study at the Georgetown Steel Corporation, Georgetown, SC
March 22-26, 1978.
XXIV. Chemical Parameters Recorded by Flow-through Test Aquarium During
an Acute Toxicity Study Conducted at the Georgetown Steel Corporation,
Georgetown, SC, March 22-26, 1978.
XXV. Survival Data Recorded by Test Aquarium During Acute Toxicity
Testing Conducted at Virginia Chemicals Incorporated, Mobile,
Alabama, April 27-May 1, 1978.
XXVI. Chemical Parameters Recorded by Test Aquarium During Flow-through
Acute Toxicity Testing Conducted at Virginia Chemicals Incorporated,
Mobile, Alabama, April 27-May 1, 1978.
XXVII. Survival Data Recorded by Test Aquarium During Acute Toxicity
Testing Conducted at Reichold Chemicals, Inc., Newport Division,
Bay Minette, Alabama, April 28-May 7, 1978.
'.XVIII. Chemical Parameters Recorded by Test Aquarium During Flow-through
Acute Toxicity Testing Conducted at Reichold Chemicals, Inc.,
Newport Division, Bay Minette, Alabama, April 28-May 7, 1978.
XXIX. Survival Data Recorded by Test Container During Acute Toxicity
Testing Conducted at Gardinier, Inc., Tampa, Florida, June 17-21, 1978.
XXX. Chemical Parameters Recorded by Test Aquarium During Flow-through
Acute Toxicity Testing Conducted at Gardinier, Inc., Tampa, Florida,
June 17-21, 1978.
XXXI. Survival Data Recorded by Test Aquarium During Acute Toxicity Testing
Conducted at Pfizer, Inc., Southport, NC, July 8-12, 1978.
XXXII. Chemical Data Recorded by Test Aquarium During Flow-through Acute
Toxicity Testing Conducted at Pfizer, Inc., Southport, NC,
July 8-12, 1978.
iXXIII. Survival Data Recorded by Test Aquarium During Acute Toxicity Testing
at Diamond Shamrock - Chrome Chemicals Plant, Castle Hayne, NC,
July 12-19, 1978.
XXXIV. Chemical Parameters Recorded by Test Aquarium During Flow-through
Acute Toxicity Testing Conducted at Diamond Shamrock - Chrome
Chemicals Plant, Castle Hayne, NC, July 12-19, 1978.
-------
26
Table
// Table
XXXV. Survival Data Collected by Test Aquarium During an Acute Toxicity
Study at the Brunswick Pulp and Paper Company, Brunswick, Georgia,
August 7-13, 1978.
XXXVI.
Chemical Parameters Recorded by Flow-through Test Aquarium During
an Acute Toxicity Study Conducted at the Brunswick Pulp and Paper
Company, Brunswick, Georgia, August 7-13, 1978.
-------
Table I.
BlcliT.lr.il H.it.i .ml Cliem I c.i I Pn r.n i" tor-; Kccot |. .1 I", leM Aqnirluin During .1 ri nw-Tlir'iifJi 96-h'.'iir Aoite roy|i-ll\ iMirl,1
Conducted /it Weslvnco Coipor.it !iin, ll.itl'i f: 11. i r los ton , SC. April 29 - Mnv 6f 197/
111 nnm
"~o "74
hr 11 r
o. of
=. S'lTV: .
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
JO
10
10
4 8
hr
10
in
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
ng
96
JiL
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
No. of
Shrinn SurvjivlvQ
0 24 43" 72" 91,
11 r 11 r hr lir 11 r
I' i ;m: 1 vi-d (i- ",;i:
(--/I)
0 24~~ 48 72
h v In hr hr
7.3
7.6
7.3
7.3
7.3
6.7
6.9
6.9
6.3
6.1
5.3
5.3
7.2
7 . 1
7.0
6. 9
6.9
6.7
6.6
6.5
5.9
5.(1
4.6
4. 7
6.4
6.3
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.5
5. 1
5. I
4.1
',.2
2.8
2.8
6.5
6. 1
r> .9
5.9
5.9
5.4
5.3
5.3
4.2
2.6
2.6
96
hr_
(,.6
6.6
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.1
5.3
S. 5
4.3
4.4
0
J._r_
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.5
/. 6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
'TJ-
J1
7.6
7.6
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
pll
"48
hr
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
72
hr
7.8
7.R
7.7
7. 7
7. 7
7.7
7.5
7.5
9 6
h r
7 8
7.8
7. 7
7. 7
7.7
7. 7
7.5
7. 7
Tut.il A11-31 In 1 tv
(~~l* CnO?3)
48
hr
0
75
75
go
so
1 ?
9".
105
105
1 10
1 1"
1 75
1 75
106
102
172
1 7 J
ICS
I 10
198
19 5
72 | 96
hr I hr
201
203
70
70
8^
3 7
108
1 1 1
19'
i
0
_Ji_r
16.5
16.5
15
1 5
1 5
1 5
14
14
1 2
1 2
C
8
J i r
16.'
16.
15.
15.
15
1 5
14
14
1 2
12
S
8
I i -¦ i t v
I"
175.7
15.5
15.5
15.5
14.5
14.5
14
1 4
12
72
!' r
15.5
15.5
I'- 5
15.5
U
14
13
11
11
11
8
fl
96
-------
Table II.
Biological Data .nnd C!.c,Ic,I F-irorcteis Recorded by Test Aquarlu-a DUrlnZ a Flow-Throur.h 96-hour Acute Toxicity Stud/
Conducted jt Verona Dyestuff Division of Mobay Chenlcal Corporation, Charleston, ,C, Hay 23 29,
0. of
, s!
tlo. or
Dissolve.! Oxygen
(-/i)
pU
Total Alkalinity
(iWi C^'.n)
!>.¦ llni tv
0
24
hr
;s
hr
72
1 r
96
hr
0
24
48
hr
72
hr
96
iir
0
hr
24
hr
48
hr
72
hr
96
»i -
0
hr
*J4
hr
48
hr
72
It r
96
hr
0
lir
24
"¦r
48
hr
12
lir
9 6
1
l.r
ur
J b
t r
0.0
0.0
20
20
:o
20
19
IS
19
19
19
19
5
5
5
5
5
7.4
7.5
5.3
S.-5
7.6
7.4
8.3
8.4
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.8
7.3
80
79
81
81
76
78
75
75
75
75
16
16
16
16
5.6
5.6
20
20
20
20
20
19
19
18
17
16
5
5
4
4
4
6.8
6.8
7.7
7.7
7.4
7.2
7.9
8.1
7.6
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.7
7.7
77
77
80
78
75
76
76
75
76
76
16
16
16
16
10.0
10.0
20
20
2C
20
20
19
19.
17
i;
3
5
5
5
5
5
6.3
6.6
7.3
7.1
7.1
6.9
7.8
7.5
7.5
7.6
77
77
15
15
1'.
14
18.0
18.0
20
20
20
20
20
19
19
19
16
14
5
5
5
3
4
6.0
5.7
6.7
6.3
6.6
6.0
6.8
7.1
7.5
7.4
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
77
77
75
76
74
74
75
75
76
75
14
14
13
13
32.0
32.0
20
23
19
20
12
11
5
4
4
2
5
4
2
0
0
4.9
4.4
7.0
6.5
6.3
6.9
7.4
7.8
7.4
7.4
71
72
12
12
12
i:
0"- cy>
o o
20
20
7
0
6
0
1
0
1
0
2
2
0
0
0
2.3
4.1
7.7
7.4
6.3
6.8
6.8
7.4
7.3
7.3
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.4
7.5
69
68
69
71
71
72
74
75
74
75
10
10
9
9
100.0
100.0
14
14
C
0
0
.0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
0
1.8
1.7
7.5
6.3
7.0
7.0
58
57
65
63
5
5
4
4
-------
Table III.
Biological rata nr.d Chemical Paroaotcs Recorded for Tost Aquariua During a Flou-ThrouCh 96^°ur Acute Toxicity Study
Conducted at the CI idr
96
hr
0
l.r
24
lir
48
hr
72
hr
96
hr
0
hr
24
hr
48
In
12
l-r
*0
ir
o o
o o
J
10
10
9
9
7
7
7
6
5
5
10
10
9
10
9
9
8
7
8
7
6.3
6.4
f, 7
(..6
7.1
7.0
5.7
5.6
5.8
5.7
7.5
7.6
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.7
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.8
81
82
92
96
96
96
98
95
94
96
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
5.6
5.6
10
10
8
10
7
8
6
4
3
4
10
10
9
7
8
7
8
5
5
5
6.2
G.l
6.4
6.3
6.8
7.0
5.6
5.5
5.-4
5.6
7.6
7.6
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.7
7.8
7.8
85
85
96
94
98
93
95
93
104
98
17
17
17
IE
17
17
18
18
18
13
o o
o o
10
10
8
9
3
9
5
8
4
8
10
10
10
10
7
10
8
8
8
8
5.9
5.9
5.9
6.0
6.5
6.5
5.1
5.2
5.1
5.2
7.6
7.6
90
89
16
16
16
16
17
17
18
13
17
17
18.0
18.0
10
10
9
10
7
9
6
8
6
6
10
10
10
10
6
9
6
7
6
7
5.7
6.0
5.7
5.7
6.1
6.1
5.1
5.2
5.0
5.0
7.7
7.7
7.9
7.9
7.8
7.8
7.7
7.7
7.8
7.8
98
99
104
98
103
102
93
100
111
106
15
15
15
15
16
16
18
13
16
!6
32.0
32.0
10
10
9
9
9
0
u
9
6
5
4
8
8
7
8
6
8
6
6
6
6
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.2
5.3
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.4
4.2
7.8
7.8
108
108
13
13
13
13
13
13
16
17
14
2 A
56.0
56.0
10
10
10
9
8
7
7
6
3
5
6
u
5
fc
5
5
4
5
4
3
5.4
5.6
5.3
5.3
4.9
4.7
4.8
5.0
4.0
4.1
7.9
7.9
8.1
8.1
8.0
8.0
7.6
7.6
8.0
0.0
112
112
127
130
136
129
100
99
140
138
13
12
10
10
9
10
15
14
n
100.0
1U0.0
6.2
5.4
5.7
5.7
5.3
5. C
4.6
!/..(>
5.4
3.9
8.4
8.4
8.5
8.5
8.3
3.3
8.4
8.4
8.5
8.3
165
173
158
170
167
176
179
185
185
185
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
3
-------
Table IV.
Survival Data Recorded for Wastewater Concentrations During
a Flow-Through Toxicity Study Conducted at Hercofina Corporation
Wilmington, North Carolina, July 20-24, 1977
No
of
sheepshead
No. of adult mysid
No. of young mysic
Concentration
minnows surviving
shrimp
surviving
shrimp surv.
- »
of Wastewater
0
24
48
72
96
0
24
48
72
96
0
24
48
CO
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
0.0
10
9
9
8
8
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
0.0
10
10
7
5
5
10
10
10
10
10
5.3
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
10
10
10
5.3
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9.6
10
10
10
10
6
10
9'
0
0
0
10
1
0
9.6
10
10
10
10
7
10
10
10
10
10
18.0
10
10
10
10
9
10
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
18.0
10
10
10
10
5
10
0
0
0
0
32.0
10
10
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
10
6
0
32.0
10
8
2
0
0
¦10
0
0
0 .
- 0
~~
56.0
10
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
«
0
0
10
0
0
56.0
10
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
-------
Table V.
Chemical Parameters Recorded for Wastewater Concentrations During a Flow-Through 96-hour
Acute Toxicity Study Conducted at HercoCina Corporation, Wilmington, TIC
July 20-24, 1977
Dissolved Oxygen
pll
Total Alkalinity
s.
1 I. ( 11 L I V
Concentration
(nig/1)
(nig/1 CaC0 3)
(ng/niJ)
of is tew,iter
0
24
48
72
96
0
24
4 8
72
flfi
0
Ik
4S
72
96
P
24
48
72
96
U)
lir
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
h r
hr
hr
hr
hr
0.0
6.2
6.1
5.9
5.9
7.4
7.4
7.8
7.5
7.5
70
67
79
88
77
20
20
20
22
21
0.0
6.2
6.1
5.9
6.1
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
20
20
22
21
5.3
7.2
6.4
5.8
5.9
7.2
7.3
7.5
7.6
7.5
165
155
179
99
150
19
J 8
18
21
20
5. 3
6.8
6.2
5.7
5.9
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
19
18
21
20
9.6
6.9
6.4
6.0
5.9
7.2
7.2
7.5
7.5
7.5
195
183
185
102
182
18
1 8
19
22
20
9.6
6.4
6.3
5.9
5.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
18
19
21
19
18.0
6.7
6.2
5.7
5.7
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.6
7.6
331
301
310
144
352
16
17
J 7
21
18
18.0
6.3
6.2
5.5
5.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
17
18
21
18
32.0
6.4
6.5
5.0
5.8
7.2
7. 3
7.4
7.6
7.6
555
541
523
306
566
13
1 3
14
18
14
32.0
6.2
6.2
5.4
5.8
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
14
14
20
14
56.0
6.3
6.3
5.0
6.3
7.3
7.2
7.3
7.5
7.6
865
753
828
756
898
>10
10
12
13
10
6.0
6.3
5.9
5.1
6.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
10
1 L
13
10
100.0
7.8
6.6
4.7
7.1
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.7
7.7
1308
L208
1214
1406
1428
2
2
4
4
3
100.0
7.7
7.4
4.8
6.6
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2
3
4
4
-------
VI.
Survival Data Recorded by Test Aqunriu ng a FTow-Tlirough Acute Toxicity Study
Conducted at W. R. (..race & Co., Wl.l m i.ng (. on, NC
July 25 - Aupust 2, 19 77
No. of Mysid Shrimp Surviving
No. of Shecpshead Minnows Surviving
ConcenL ra-
ti on waste
water ('/,)
0.0
0.0
5.6
5.6
10.0
10.0
18.0
18.0
32.0
32.0
56.0
56.0
1
Adults (6-
8 mm)
¦k
Young
(1.5
- 2.0 mm)
Sub-
adults (1:
-20 nun)
Young
(A-7
*
mm)
1)
1 »
H
'J- 0
0
L! i
' 1
¦>u
2'I
'(8
11
96
0
2-4
A 8
72
96
! : I"
i r
li r
hr
J""
lir
ii r
J.r
111
h i
lir
Jir
l.r
1 it _ _
J"'
Jir_
ill
_Jn'_
hL
10
9
8
8
8
3
3
3
6
6
6
6
6
10
8
7
2
0
.10
1
8
8 ¦
8
8
»
10
7
5
3
3
.10
8
2
1
0
3
0
6
6
6
6
6
10
10
10
9
9
10
8
2
0
10
10
10
9
9
10
6
2
0
-
3
0
6
6
6
6
6
10
10
9
9
9
10
5
1
1
1
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
0
_
3
0
6
6
6
6
5
10
9
A
A
2
10
A
0
10
8
6
5
5
10
3
0
__
3
0
6
6
A
A
A
10
3
0
-
-
10
1
0
10
6
1
0
10
0
3
0
6
0
-
-
-
10
1 0
-
-
-
10
1
0
10
0
¦
1
* Results of this test have been included in this report in spite of unacceptably high control mortality,
since the pattern of mortality vs. concentration for all test concentrations is typical of mortality
tests in general. Results are to be interpreted wit11 caution.
-------
33
Table VII.
Survival Data Recorded During 48-hour Static Acute Toxicity Testing
Conducted at W. R. Grace Si Co. , Wilmington, 13C
July 25 - August 2, 1977
Concentration
of
Was teuater
(%)
0
1
3
10
30
60
No. of Mysid
Shrimp Adults
Surviving
0
hr
10
10
10
10
10
10
24
hr
10
10
10
10
48
hr
10
10
10
10
2
0
No. of Young Sheepshead
Minnows (5-10 mn)
Surviving;
0
hr
10
10
10
10
10
10
24
hr
10
10
10
10
10
10
48
hr
10
10
10
10
10
8
-------
34
Table VIII.
Ranges of Values for Chemical Parameters Monitored Periodically
for Each Wastewater Concentration Tested During a Flow-through
Acute Toxicity Study at W. R. Grace & Co., Wilmington, NC
July 25 - August 2, 19 77
Concentration of Wastewater (%)
Parameter 0 5.6 10 18 32 55
Dissolved 6.3-6.9 6.1-6.7 5.9-6.6 6.0-6.4 6.0-6.4 6.C-6.4
oxygen
(mg/1)
pH 7.7-8.1 7.8-8.1 7.8-8.1 -.7.9-8.2 8.1-8.3 8.2-3.5
Total 65-75 67-70 61-70 61-65 52-55 3?-u4
Alkalinity
(mg/1 CaC03)
Salinity 18-23 16-20 16-20 15-18 12-16 S-10
(mg/ml)
-------
Table IX.
Survival Data Recorded by Test Aquarium During an Acute Toxicity Study
Conducted at E. I. duPont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, NC, August 2-6, 1977
Fresh-water Flow-Through Tests Salt-water Static Tests
Concent rat ion
of Wastewater
(%)
No. of Ictalurus
punctatus surviving
^ _
No. of Daphnia
magna surviving
Concentration
of Wastewater
, (%)
No. of Mysidopsis
bah:a surviving
No. of Cyprinodon
varij^jjatus surviving
0
hr
24
hr
48
, hr
11
hr
%
hr
0
hr
24
hr
1
| Pi 00
hr
0
hr
24
hr
48
hr
hr
0
hr
24
hr
48
hr
72
0.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
0
15
15
15
15
10
10
10
10
0.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5.6
10
10
10
9
9
10
.10
10
10
5
15
14
14
13
10
10
10
10
5.6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
10
15
14
14
14
10
10
10
10
10.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
18.0
10
10
10
10
9
10
10
10
10
20
15
15
15
14
10
10
10
10
18.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
32.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
8
30
15
14
14
14
10
10
10
10
32.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
56.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
50
15
15
15
15
10
10
10
10
56.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
100.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
100.0
10
10
10
10
10
7
7
7
7
OJ
-------
iaDie a.
Chemical Monitoring Data Recorded by Test Aquarium During Flow-through Acute Toxicity Testing
<11 LI. I. duPont de Nemours and Company, Wi JinJ ngton, NC, August 2-6, 1977
Dissolved
( H'C /1)
Oxygen
pll
Total Alkalinity
(ing/1 CaC03)
Hardness
(nig/J)
%
WjsLewatcr
0
hr
24
lir
48
hi-
72
hr
96
hr
0
ilL-
24
lir
48
hr
72
hr
96
lir
0
hr
24
hr
48
hr
72
hr
96
hr
0
hr
24
hr
48
h r
72
hr
96
hr
0.0
0.0
7.1
7.2
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.7
1
6.4
6.3
6.3
6.4
7.2
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.6
33
31
35
39
38
40
38
38
38
5.6
5.6
7.2
7.1
6.6
6.7
6.6
6.4
6.2
6.1
6.1
6.0
7.7
7.6
7.8
7.9
63
43
72
75
41
40
36
40
10.0
10.0
7.1
7.1
6.6
6.6
6.3
6.4
6.1
6.2
6.0
6.0
7.7
7.6
7.8
7.9
7.9
63
40
73
75
74
41
39
37
38
18.0
J 8.0
7.2
7.1
6.6
6.7
6.4
6.2
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
8.0
7.8
8.0
8.0
101
62
115
121
41
40
37
40
32.0
32.0
7.1
7.1
6.5
6.6
5.9
6.1
6.0
5.9
5.8
5.8
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.2
164
101
187
204
195
40
39
36
37
56.0
56.0
7.1
7.1
6.1
6.3
5.9
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
8.2
8.1
8.3
8.4
231
125
279
294
40
40
36
38
100.0
100.0
7.2
7.3
6.3
6.4
5.4
6.2
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.4
8.3
8.6
8.5
8.6
8.5
366
371
379
457
463
38
30
32
39
u>
-------
Table XI.
Survival Data Cor Acute Toxicity Tests Conducted at
International Paper Company, Georgetown, SC, August 14-18, 1977
Flow-Through Tests
Static Tests
Concentration
of Wastewater
<%)
Minnows Surviving
Shrimp
Surviving
*
Concentration
of Wastewater
m
MLnnows
Surviving
Sh r i mp
Su rvi ving
0
hr
24
hr
S3*
00
72
hr
96
lir
0
lir
24
hr
4 8
lir
72
h
96
hr
0
lir
48
hr
0
h r
48
lir
0
10
10
10
10
30
10
10
10
10
10
0
10
10
10
10
0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5.6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
5.6
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
10.0
10
10
10
9
9
10
10
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
9
10.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
18.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
7
7
20
10
10
10
10
18.0
10
9
9
9
9
10
8
8
8
8
32.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
7
7
7
30
10
10
10
10
32.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
0
0
0
56.0
10
7
7
7
7
10
4
4
4
3
60
10
10
10
10
56.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
3
3
2
* Although the data from which these values were calculated presented a credible
pattern of mortality with respect to lethality concentration, this set of values
was not included in the industry report since a short-term drop in dissolved
oxygen in some aquaria may have prejudiced the results.
-------
XII.
CI i rut I i-.-i 1. r.t r.umu. 0
5.3
1.9
6.0
4.6
4.9
7.7
¦^J |
O I
1
7.9
oo :
i
7.7
130
152
148
152
162
'8'
7
7
8
8
56.0
5.3
2.2
6.3
4.7
5.2
8
7
7
8
8
100.0
1.4
_
2.2
-
7. 7
7.7
i
! ^
i
7.7
7.7
L63
154
156
195
207
2
2
1
2
2
100.0
3.5
2.4
2
2
1
2
2
-------
39
Table XIII.
Biological Data Recorded by Test Aquarium During a Flow-Through 96-Hour Acute
Toxicity Study Conducted at the Cold Creek Plant of
Stauffer Chemical Company, Bucks, Alabama, September 11-15, 1977
No. of sheepsnead
'-M
O
o
adult
siysid
No.
of newlv
r.atchea
rcinnows surviving
shrinro
surviving
rr.vsid shrimp s
urvi"
/in
%
0
24
48
72
96
0
24
48
72
96
0
24
48
72
Was tevater
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
0.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
0.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9'
5.6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
8
3
10
10
9
8
5.6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
4
2
10.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7
3
0
10
10
7
6
10.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
0
0
18.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
0
0
10
10
6
5
18.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
¦ 9
4
0
0
32.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
2
0
0
0
10
3
3
0
32.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
3
0
0
0
56.0
10
10
9
9
9
10
0
0
0
0
10
1
0
0
56.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
1
0
0
0
-------
Table XIV.
Chemical Parameters Recorded by Test Aquarium During a Mow Through 96 hour Acute
Toxicity Study Conducted at the Cold Creek Plant of StauCfer Chemical Company, Bucks, Alabama, September 11-15, 19
Dissolved Oxygen
Pi I
Total
Alkalinity
Salinity
(mp/.l)
, Cmr;/1 as CaC03)
(inp/ml)
0
24
48
72
96
0
24
48
72
96
0
24
48
72
96
0
24
48
72
)6
Wastewater
llL"
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
ir
0.0
8.6
8.4
7.2
7.0
7.4
8.1
8.0
8.1
8.0
8.0
71
71
72
71
71
18
16
18
18
L8
0.0
8.9
8.2
7.2
7.0
7.3
-
-
-
-
.i
-
"
5.6
8.7
8.0
7.0
6.9
7.1
8.1
8.0
8.0
7.9
8.0
71
70
71
70
71
16
15
17
17
16
5.6
8.7
8.0
7.0
6.9
7.0
-
-
-
-*
""
"
10.0
8.8
7.8
6.8
6.8
6.9
8.1
8.0
8.0
7.8
7.9
70
70
69
70
71
16
14
16
16
15
3 0.0
8.6
7.8
6.8
6.9
6.8
-
-
-
-
~
18.0
8.7
7.6
6.6
6.6
6.7
8.1
7.9
7.9
7.6
7.8
70
63
67
67
68
15
13
15
14
15
18.0
8.7
7.5
6.7
6.5
6.7
-
-
-
-
'
~
~
32.0
8.4
7.2
6.2
6.1
6.3
7.9
7.8
7.6
7.4
7.6
68
65
64
63
65
12
10
12
12
L2
32.0
8.4
7.3
6.3
6.1
6.5
-
-
-
-
"*
~
56.0
8.2
6.9
5.6
5.2
5.9
7.7
7.6
7.3
7.2
7.4
66
62
59
55
61
8
8
9
9
8
56.0
8.2
6.9
5.6
5.2
5.9
-
-
-
-
100.0
8.0
6.4
6.0
3.8
6.3
7.7
7.5
7.2
7.2
7.4
61
54
48
53
52
0
C
0
0
0
100.0
8.2
6.4
6.1
3.9
6.1
-
-
-
-
"
~
1
-------
Table XV.
Uio log ica I Data and Chemical Parameters Kecorded by tpst Aquaria DurLng a I" low-TIi rough
Conducted at the LeMoync PJant oC Stnuffcr Chemical Company, Axis,
September 16-20, 3977
96-hnur AcuLe To>:W.
A1nhama
it 11 y :'.t inly
head i nQ to
"Hssolvcl 0
1
m
P'I
I o ta 1
1.1 l.a
11n j L y
Concent rat i on
Surviving
Shrirro Surviving
(n"J I)
fr-./f CiC02)
of Waste-
0
48
T>
9ti
0
24
48
72
96
0
24
48
72
96
0
24
48
72
96
0
24
48
i 2
96
water (%)
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hT
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
0.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
8.0
7.8
8.0
6.9
7.0
7.9
7.9
8. J
8.0
7.7
71
72
72
72
71
0.0
10
JO
JO
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
7.9
7.8
8.0
6.8
7.1
-
-
"
"
5.6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7.5
7.2
6.0
6.1
6.7
7.9
7.8
.
7.8
7.6
66
66
64
64
66
5.6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7.3
6.8
5.8
5. ;
6.6
-
-
-
"
10.0
10
10
JO
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7.2
6.8
5.2
5.6
6.5
7.9
7.6
7.6
7.8
7.7
63
6 3
64
64
6 5
10.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7.2
6. 7
5.2
5.4
6.5
-
~
~
"
"
lfi.O
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
7.1
6. 1
6.2
6.5
6.3
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.8
7.4
6 3
58
57
58
60
1 :i. o
10
JO
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6. 3
5.9
6.2
6. !
6.4
-
"
-
""
"
"
32.0
JO
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5.4
7.3
7.5
6.4
5.7
7.2
7.4
7.4
7.6
7.2
45
44
38
4 R
4 7
32.0
JO
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5.3
7.5
-4. 5
6. 3
5.6
~
~
"
56.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
8
0
0
3.4
6.2
3.4
5.8
4. J
6.8
6.6
6. '
6.9
6.9
28
19
15
22
30
56.0
20
20
20
20
20
10
10
9
4
4
3.3
6.4
3.5
5.9
4. H
-
~
-
"
"
"
100. 0
5.5
3.2
0.5
3.2
-
5.6
It.2
6.:'
3.6
4.1
3
-
12
-
-
1 00.0
5.0
5.1
1.0
3.9
0
hr
17
17
16
l 6
16
16
I 5
1 5
1 2
I 2
10
1(1
1 8
18
If.
16
16
lf>
Hi
16
14
1 4
12
12
. i 1 i n f t y
f: r/ p: )
I r
15
15
14
14
14
14
1 4
14
1 2
12
15
15
14
14
14
14
14
1 4
12
12
8
R
3
3
-------
In I.
liio loj, J c.il Data and Chemical I'a rame te rs Recorded by Test Aquarium During a Flow-through 96-hour Acute
le::irit.v Study (.'induct ed at dcToor te. re Ccrpn ra U i on , U i 1 :iti n [; ton , NC, November 7-11, 1977.
Was [ i: r li of Siieepshead Dissolved Oxygen 'I'oLal Alkalinity Salinity
Concent ra- iluinovs _Sj ir v i v i i ij» (mi: / 1) Q[J (nq/1. CaCO'j) (pj) L )
t ion """ (7Y-T 48 72 96 ~0 2 4 AH 72 96- 0 24 48 72 96 0 24 AH 72 96 0 24 48 72 96
(/_) hj lir h_r lrr In- h r_ h r br h r hr_ hr_ l_i r li_r__ hr_ b r li_r_ lh_r br in h r lnr li_r Jjjr hjr h_r
0.0 10 JO 10 10 10 6.8 7.6 6.5 8.6 7.7 7.9 8.0 8.1 8.0 7.9 152 152 153 136 132 16 15 U> 16 16
0.0 10 10 10 10 10 6.9 7.5 6.5 8.6 7.5 - - - - - ----- 16 16 16 16 15
5.6 10 10 10 10 10 7.0 6.7 6.7 8.0 7.4 7.9 fr.O 8.0 8.0 8.0 144 143 147 136 131 15 16 15 15 14
5.6 10 10 10 10 10 7.6 6.8 5.9 8.2 7.5 - - - - - - - - - - 15 15 15 15 15
10.0 10 10 10 10 10 6.8 6.96.5 8.3 7.5 7.9 8.0 8.0 8.0 7.9 142 143 146 133 129 15 15 15 14 14
10.0 10 10 10 10 10 6.7 6.9 6.4 8.0 7.3 _____ 1/, \t, l/, 14 14
18.0 10 10 10 10 10 6.5 6.8 6.2 7.6 7.1 7.8 7.9 8.0 7.9 7.9 132 135 138 123 124 14 14 14 13 14
18.0 10 10 10 10 10 6.7 6.2 6.2 6.9 7.1 _____ 11 13 ]4 13 14
32.0 10 10 10 10 10 6.6 6.3 6.2 7.9 7.6 7.8 7.9 7.9 7.9 7.9 117 126 124 109 115 11 12 12 11 12
32.0 10 10 10 10 10 6.5 6.3 6.4 7.6.7.4 ----- ----- 11 12 12 10 12
56.0 10 10 10 10 10 6.4 6.6 6.0 6.9 6.6 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.7 7.7 95 97 96 90 100 10 8 9 8 8
56.0 10 10 10 10 10 6.2 6.4 6.1 7.4 7.4 -----10W888
1 1
100.0 * 6.2 5.9 4.0 5.3 4.9 7.3 7.5 7.2 7.2 7.1 37 3 3 36 38 31 0 0 0 0 0
100.0 6.7 5.9 5. 7 6.8 5.0 - - - - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 0
* Kstuarine or marine organises cannoL be Ler.ted in undiluted, noiisaline wastewater.
r-o
-------
Table XVII.
Biological Parameters Recorded for Wastewater Concentrations During a Flow-Through
Acute Toxicity Study Conducted at American Color and Chemical Corporation, Lobeco, SC
December 9-17, 1977
No. of £ypHnodcm va rl e partus, surviving No. of mvsid shrimp surviving
%
I. 12
-15
day
old minnows
II. 26
-28
day
old minnows
I.
LblsJjJopJ5_i.1l baiLta
II.
-MvaW.QPJ
is. J
.¦«thia
ill.
mys 1 d
mixture
ste-
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Pac
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
De c
Dec
Dec
Dec
water
.12
13
14
15
16
13
14
15
16
17
12
' 13
14
15
16
13
14
15
16
17
14
15
16
17
0.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
9
0.0
10
10
10
10
10
-
-
-
-
-
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
5.6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
7
7
-
-
-
-
-
10
9
9
4
5.6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
5
-
-
-
-
-
10
9
9
6
10.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
1
1
5
4
3
2
1
10
10
9
9
10.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
1
1
-
-
-
-
-
10
9
6
0
00
o
10
]0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
0
0
5
4
0
0
0
10
4
0
0
00
o
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
0
0
-
-
-
-
-
10
8
7
4
.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
10
10
0
0
0
5
1
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
32.0
10
10
10
10
9
10
10
10
9
9
10
10
1
0
0
-
-
-
-
-
10
4
1
1
56.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
2
10
0
0
0
0
5
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
56.0
10
10
10
9
4
10
9
3
2
1
10
0
0
0
0
_
_
_
_
10
0
0
0
* A 70:30 mixture of Mysldopsis bigelowl and Neomysis americana was used in this test.
-------
Table XVIII.
Chemical Parameters Recorded for Wastewater Concentrations During a Flow-Through
Acute Toxicity Study Conducted at American Color and Chemical Corporation, Lobeco, SC
December 9-17, 1977
0.0
0.0
5.6
5.6
10.0
10.0
18.0
18.0
32.0
32.0
56.0
56.0
100.0
100.0
Dissolved Oxygen
(hir/1)
9.A
9.6
9.36.7
8.q
8.3
8.2
Dec l)ec
12 13
p)e
14
cjDccDec
15 16
7.97.41
8.Q7.4
7. C
6.46
6.4!5
,(¦
7.77.64.2
7.67.94.4
6.44.36.03.8
6.
4.15.23.7
74.:
4.25.83.1
7.66.35.6!4.36.3|4.1
7.06.45.
5. 8,4. 42.
6.15.24.
5.1
4.E
2.9
2.6
4.5
4.9(3.21
5
3.
O.tfO.21
0.30.2]
o.e
5.73.5
73.96.23.2
94.25.84.2
4|3.15.64.2
5.44.0
3.5
3.55.64.0
Dec
17
0.60.7
1.0
0.6
pH
Dec
12
7.9
7.9
Dec
13
8.28.C8.C7.98.0
8.28.C7.£7.87.8
7.98.28.07.97.87.8
7.98.38.28.C8.08.0
8.0
1.3
De
141
qDec
15
8.18.38.28.28.3
8.18.18.0
8.28.48.18.28.27.8
Dec.
16
Dec
17
8.1
.1
Total Alkalinity
(mft/1 CaCO^)
De c Dc cJ
12
147
19£
21 r
275294
381
512
866
148
197195
22421fJ
404
536
856
Dec Dec
14
14f
278
518
813
15
148
192
2.14
26C
397359360
48?
76C
Die
If
14S
181
214
265
485
Dec
17
Salinity
(mg/ml)
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
Dec
12
.13
14
15
16
17
18
1!
18
17
If
17
18
1!
18
If
16
17
18
If
If
If
If
16
18
If
If
If
If
17
18
15
18
17
If
17
18
If
1
If
16
16
18
15
17
16
16
16
18
15
17
17
16
16
18
If
1
16
If
15
18
15
1
16
If
16
17
1/.
If
16
If
16
17
14
If
16
If
1.5
16
14
If
14
14
14
15
11
15
14
14
14
Dec
12
16.0|
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.6
15.9
15.9
16. C
16.1
15.3
15. (J
22.
9"21.9)2 2.4|22.2ll 7
822. (422
520.f
8121.?
Temperature
(°C)
Dec
13
822
f
22. C
[22.2.
22.
22.
22.4
Dec
14
722.
522,
1J24
4|22. 2]17.7123
22.
23.5122.4117
521. 9(22 .2122
*>2.:
/J22
22.6|
22.
22.
122.
323.
23.0
23
23.4
Dec
15
822.
722.
] 22.
22.
(22.fr 18
22.£
Dec
16
17.
724.
723.
18.
2(18.
17.
2JL8.
18.
418.
18.
18.7
S 24.
C 23.
18.
Dec
17
.2
.9
.0
.7
.0
.7
.8
6
1123.9
123.8
1124.0
23.9
24.2
024.0
S 23.
123.
-------
Table "XIX.
Sitiviv.il 15;iL;i Recorded by To:; I Aquarium Durinj', .111 AciUe Toxicity Study Condnct¦ ¦ <. Aa 72 96 0 2A /.H 72 96 0 2A A3 72 96 0 2A AT, 72 96
(/) br br hr hr hr b. lir lir lir br br In; br br br lir br br lit' lir
10 JO 10 .10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 JO 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
10 10 10 10 JO 10 JO 1.0 JO 10
10 JO 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
0.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
JO
1 0
0.0
10
JO
JO
9
9
JO
JO
10
.10
10
5.6
JO
JO.
10
10
8
JO
JO
10
10
10
5.6
10
JO
10
JO
JO
10
JO
10
10
JO
J 0.0
JO
JO
9
9
9
10
JO
10
10
10
J 0.0
JO
JO
10
10
10
10
.10
10
10
JO
J 8.0
10
JO
9
9
8
10
JO
10
10
10
J 8.0
JO
JO
10
10
10
10
JO
10
10
10
32.0
JO
JO
9
9
9
10
JO
10
10
10
32 .0
10
1)
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
56.0
10
7
7
7
5
10
JO
1.0
10
10
56.0
10
ft
7
6
6
10
10
10
10
10
Collection sites for wastewater used for toxiciLy testing:
1. Just prior to spray irrigation - wastewater tapped from pump station between lioldinj; pond and r.praylield.
2. From sprayfield drainage diteb leading to l$ij- Bof.jjy lironcb - wastewater was clipped Fr^m a br id(*.<"¦ crossing
tbe ditcb. on Olin property.
-------
Table XX.
(!Iu-iii i r.i I J'. i r.' iiu -1 i-rr, Kc-corili il In1 I1 11 u; -1 11 n >i i;11 M'r:;( A<| 'i, 11" I inn 1 < 11 in:- .in Anil'- Tn..ii ily 'I 1111 y
Cond in: Lot! «11 tin- 01 in Corporal inn, !i:n|j-1 c:;:; I'owdcr Division, SL. M.iil::;, II., .J.inii.iiy I'j-I'i, 1978
l-.\r; I ( w.i Lor Dissolved Oxygen ToL.mI Alk.iliniLy G.ilinity Tempo r.i Lure;
fin.- ntrnljon (rnf*/ I ) |)II 0"fj/J CaCO-j) (ipf-/ nil) (°C)
o :»/. /i8 72 % o 26 /ip. /2 96 o 24 48 12 96 0 24 /.a 72 96 0 68 72 96
('/.) Ijr lir lir lir lir lir lir lir lir _ 11r lir li_r_ Im- lir_ li_r I1'" J,r _ l'r It
0.0 9. 2 8.5 7.9 8.6 8.7 8.1 8.1 H.I 8.1 8.2 115 J 1.16 109 I.J J 16 15 15 20 20 12.3 20.1 18.5 18.2
0.0 9.3 8.'3 7.9 8.5 8.6 ---------- 16 15 15 20 20 11.3 18.6 20.1 17.7 18.1
5.6 9.3 7.0 7.A 8.A 8.5 8.1 8.1 '3.1 8.0 8.1 133 133 132 113 J12 14 14 17. 20 20 11.6 18.9 20.8 18.0 17.7
5.6 9.2 7.1 7.6 8.4 8.5 ---------- 15 14 16 20 20 11.3 19.0 20.7 18.0 17.8
JO.O 9.2 7 ..3 7 . 5 8.6 8.6 8.1 8.1 H.J 8.J 8.1 J 38 130 J 35 111 112 J6 16 16 20 20 11.6 19.2 21.6 18.2 17.4
10.0 9.0 7.2 7.6 8.3 8.3 ---------- 15 16 14 20 20 11.6 19.0 20.8 17.8 17.8
18.0 8.9 7.2 7.2 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.0 8.1 154 155 154 154 .138 14 13 12 18 1.. 12.0 19.1 20.9 18.2 18.1
18.0 8.9 7.3 7.4 8.0 8.1 ---------- 13 13 13 18 18 J1.8 J9.6 21.5 18.8 17.7
32.0 8.6 7.0 6.6 7.6 7.3 8.2 8.2 8.1 8.0 8.0 191 191 J 89 190 196 11 12 11 15 15 12.8 19.8 21.2 18.8 13.6
32.0 8.6 7.1 6.4 7.6 7.2 - - - - - - - - - - 11 11 11 14 15 ',12.8 19.8 21.3 19.0 18.3
56.0 8.3 6.8 5.4 6.6 6.3 8.3 8.2 8.1 8.0 8.0 252 251. 249 245 252 8 8 8 11 11 16.2 20.8 21.6 19.7 18.7
56.0 8.3 6.8 5.4 6.6 6.0 - - - - - - - - - - 8 8 8 10 10 16.3 20.5 21.5 19.6 18.6
100.0 8.3 6.1 4.2 5.9 6.0 8.5 8.6 8.4 8.4 8.5 364 366 367 365 367 13 3 4 2 16.0 18.2 19.0 16.7 18.6
-------
Table XXI.
Survival Data Recorded by Test Auuarium During
Acute Toxicity Testing Conducted at the Container Corporation
of America, Fornanthna ('.each, Florida
Fcbrunry 6-10r 1978
T1ow-throuqh
tests
Static To
51 ts_
c
icepshead
Mys id
Shrimp
Sheep
r.head
r*y
s i d
Shrinp
Mi n nows
Minnows
I. a r, tewa I or
Con t en t ra tion
0
24
48
72
96
0
24
48
74
96
0
24
48
72
0
24
48
72
P)
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
n. n
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
0.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5. G
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
4
4
10
10
10
10
4
4
3
3
5.6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
6
10.0
10
10
10
4
4
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
10.0
10
10
9
1
1
10
10
9
1
1
18.0
10
10
9
0
_
10
6
6
0
_
10
10
10
10
4
4
3
3
18.0
10
10
10
0
-
10
4
4
0
-
32.0
10
10
0
10
2
0
_
_
10
10
10
10
4
4
4
4
32.0
10
10
9
0
-
10
0
-
-
56 .0
10
0
_
_
-
10
0
_
_
10
10
10
1 U
4
3
2
2
56.0
10
0
1 0
0
-C-
-------
Table XXII.
Chemical Parameters Recorded by Test Aquarium During Flow-Through
Acute Toxicity Testing Conducted at the Container Corporation of America,
Fernandina Beach, rior ida, I'ebru.iry 6-10 1978
Dissolyed Oxygen
(mg/1 )
pll
Total Alkalinity
(mg/1 CaCOj)
So 1 i n i ty
(mg/ml)
Tempera ture
( °C>
Wastewater
0 24 48 72 96
hr lir hr hr hr
0 24 48 72 96-
hr hr hr hr hr
0 24 48 72 96
hr hr hr hr hr
0 24 48 72 96
hr hr hr hr hr
0 24 48 72 96
h r h r h r h r hr
o o
oo
7.9 8.7 8.6 8.3 7.1
7.9 8.7 8.7 8.3 7.1
7.7 7.8 7.9 7.8 7.9
113 113 107 84 115
13 16 16 16 18
13 16 16 16 18
13.0 12.4 16.7 18.8 19.3
12.7 12.0 15.0 18.0 18.7
5.6
5.6
10.0
10.0
l n. o
l n. o
7.7 8.2 6.6 5.5 7.0
7.6 7.7 6.2 5.0 7.0
7.5 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.9
130 134 125 105 125
12 15 15 14 16
12 15 15 14 16
13.2 12.5 15.6 ) 8 . n 19.0
12.8 12.3 15.1 1 f . 9 1^.0
7.6 8.2 7.6 5.2 7.8
6.4 8.0 7.6 5.7 7.0
7.4 7.6 7.6 7.3 7.9
135.137 128 105 125
12 15 15 12 16
12 1A 14 12 16
13.0 12.1 11.7 17.8 18.7
13.0 12.1 1-1.7 17.5 18.0
7.1 7.7 7.7 5.0 5.8
7.7 8.1 7.9 5.7 5.7
7.4 7.6 7.5 7.3 7.4
154 162 145 132 139
11 14 13 12 15
11 14 13 12 15
13.5 12.5 11.9 17..; 19.0
13.8 12.2 11.9 1 f.. 1 18.7
i
32.0
32.0
7.4 7.7 8.1 6.3 4.0
7.3 8.2 8.0 5.2 5.5
7.3 7.5 7.4 7.5 7.2
192 197 179 172 163
10 12 11 10 13
9 11 11 9 13
1 4 . f! 12.9 1 . 6 1 R . r, 19.2
1-1.7 12.7 15.7 ] B. 2 19.0
56.0
56.0
6.6 8.5 7.7 5.0 3.7
6.1 8.1 7.8 5.4 4.4
7.2 7.5 7.4 7.6 7.2
238 252 227 236 196
7 8 8 6 8
6 8 7 7 8
16.7 13.7 16.7 19.0 19.8
16.2 13.4 16.9 1 fi . 8 19.6
lon.o
6.9 9.7 8.1 6.5 5.4
7.4 7.6 7.6 7.2 7.1
379 361 339 302 235
0 0 0 0 0
23.9 18.4 22.9 2 6 . C 21.8
-is
Oc
-------
Table XXIII.
Sii i v i v.i I | \it . i ('o I I < r I > I I>y 'l i ¦ . I ij 11.11 j 11in l)i11 i iij> .111 Ac 111 1 ¦ Ton I r I 1 v SI ml v . 11 t 11 <
(''core,clown f> t.i; (¦ I ''o i pi 11.1 l iuii, )'ct.(u.,n , SO, M; 111. 11 22-20, 1978
l.'.'M c-
F] ow-tliroui;h TcM s Si.iUe i'jst/.
\i. 11 ¦. 'i
Minnow:;'' /-.live S11 r-i 1111 >A]ivc Miunoi'.q* Alive Si 1 rii:i|>-'c Alive
VQ Olir 241 1 r /i81ir 72hr %hr Ohr 24hr ^811r 72hr 96hr Ohr ?Alir 4JS1vr 721ic _96hr Olir 2-Mir A811 r 7?hr 9f»_hr
JO JO 10 .10 K) 10 l> ')
JO 10 10 10 JO JO 10 JO
10 JO 10 10 10 JO 10 10
10 10 10 10 JO 10 10 JO
10 10 10 10 JO 10 9 9
10 10 10 10 10 JO 10 10
0.1)
]0
JO
10
JO
JO
10
10
10
10
10
0.0
JO
10
10
JO
10
10
10
10
10
10
b.(>
10
10
1(1
10
10
JO
10
10
10
.10
r).(>
JO
JO
10
10
JO
10
JO
10
.10
10
JO.O
JO
1 0
10
10
JO
JO
10
JO
JO
JO
JO.O
JO
JO
JO
10
JO
.10
10
10
JO
JO
1 f!. 0
JO
JO
10
10
JO
JO
JO
10
.10
JO
1 P. 0
JO
JO
JO
10
.10
JO
JO
JO
10
JO
'i
JO
10
JO
10
10
JO
JO
10
JO
JO
1)2.0
JO
JO
10
LO
10
JO
10
10
10
10
56.0
JO
JO
10
10
10
JO
10
8
7
7
5^.0
10
JO
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
9
* Cyprj nodon vari cpatus
i:y- Myr.i dopsi bahia
-------
Table XXIV.
I 'In ¦ n i < ¦. i I I', 11 .inn-1 c :; I! cro ri led I j y I' I c n: -1 In < n i c.li T< ¦: '¦! A<|u.11 I um I >i 11 i n;\ .111 A < 111 i ¦ l'< > 11 i I y St 11 ¦ 1 v
CoikI ,ic Li; J nl the Gcorj;c town Steel. Corporal. i on , Ceorj'.otou'ii, SO, Mareli 22-20, I9/8
V.'.i'.Li u'iit.cr Dissolved Oxygen Total A I ka 1 in Lty Salinity Temperature
Ciuiccnt.rntion p] 1 (mg/1 CaC03) (1115;/in 1 ) (°C)
0 24 48 72 96 0 24 48 72 96 0 24 48 72 96 0 24 40 72 96 0 24 48 7 3 96
_(JO 11 r 11 l" _ 1 i_r hr __hr_ lit lir lir Jir lir hr hr lir hr lir hr hr hr hr hr >jr hr lir lir hr
0.0 8. /( 8. .1 7. 7 8. 1 8.2 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 63 69 67 63 64 18 20 20 18 20 19.4 20.rj 22.1 20.4 21.0
0.0 8.6 8.4 8.0 8.3 8.3 - - - - - _____ 18 19 20 18 20 19.3 20.2 22.7 20.1 20.9
5.6 8.3 8.4 8.0 8.5 8.2 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 66 65 66 62 63 18 18 19 18 19 19.9 20.1 23.2 19.8 21.0
5.6 8.(> 8.5 8. J 8.4 8.3 - - - - - _____ 18 18 18 18 19 19.9 20.0 22.9 19.8 20.7
KJ.0 8.6 8.7 8.2 8.6 8.3 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.8 67 65 63 61 64 18 18 18 17 19 19.7 20.0 2 3.L 19. 7 20.9
LO.O 8.6 8.7 8.1 8.6 8.4 - - - - - _____ ]9 17 18 17 19 20.3 20.0 23.2 19.7 21.0
13.0 8.7 8.6 8.1 8.6 8.3 7.8 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.8 68 64 "62 59 63 17 16 17 16 19 20.1 20.3 23.0 19.9 20.7
18.0 8.9 9.1 8.1 8.6 8.4 ----- 16 16 18 16 19 20.4 20.3 23.6 L9.8 21.0
32.0 9.0 8.8 8.1 8.6 8.3 7.7 7.8 7.7 7.8 7.8 69 63 61 57 63 14 13 15 13 19 20.6 20.7 23.4 20.1 20.8
32.0 8.9 8.8 7.9 8.6 8.4 - - - - - _____ 14 13 ij 13 t i) 20.6 20.7 23.1 20.1 21.0
56.0 8.8 8.5 7.7 8.4 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.6 7.7 7.7 71 59 55 55 60 10 10 10 10 19 20.7 21.1 23.1 20.8 21.0
56.0 8.7 8.6 7.8 8.2 8.0 - - - - - ----- 10 10 10 10 19 20.9 21.2 23.3 20.6 20.0
.100.0 8.7 8.6 8.3 8.3 7.6 7.6 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.3 ' 72 54 45 53 44 0 0 0 0 I 22.9 22.0 23.8 20.2 19.0
100.0 8.4 8.3 8.3 8.1 7.1 - - - - - _____ 00001 23.8 22.6 22.7 20.3 19.6
-------
L:n r j L v.'i I. Pjl.i Ki'i:i'i ilr.l iiy ic:.t
Vil"{; i n l'I Uu'i i it I ; In: 01 |
1. !::l rr.i I li
C'ci IH.rll f. L'i.1 t i oil
)_
0.0
li . v>
13. i)
10.0
10.0
18. 0
US. 0
32. 0
VA. 0
3b. U
5().0
!¦ L i n; L ll 1 U':.
0
:v»
AH
72
9 b
10
JO
JO
10
- 10
10
10
10
JO
JO
10
10
.10
JO
JO
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
io
JO
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
JO
] 0
JO
10
10
10
10
JO
10
10
10
10
JO
10
10
10
JO
JO
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
1')
10
Table
XXV.
'T
i ; r i M
1:11 r iii-,
11! i
T,
i c i L
I'i
:; t i i:;
II' 111 ( ( ( (1
.it
: r.
1' >¦'! >
. i,.|.
i lr,
A1 ..1 ¦
¦ ii.l'l
Ap r i 1
27
- 11 i y
1 ,
I 'J i
¦ ! :
S
L; i L i c
1 ¦ :
r:,M,
1
.')ll(
11. ¦
i.l
::
y:i
.1
: lu i ::i
i'
1
;i i iiiio;.
£-11
r n:i
1'
:i h
<'i!>
7 2
9;>
0
:-!A
¦ifci
7 I _
_%
0
:>>'>
7 2
y.
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
J 0
10
JO
10
10
n
J
9
y
'!
10
10
10
J 0
10
10
JO
JO
10
10
10
10
10
10
rj
JO
10
10
10
JO
H
a
10
10
10
J.0
10
10
10
10
10
i'j
10
10
lu
.10
JO
J 0
1 U
V
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
L (J
10
10
! 0
10
JO
10
10
10
10
JO
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
JO
JO
10
9
8
JO
10
10
y
10
u>
10
10
10
10
10
i 0
10
10
10
J.O
')
H
-------
Table XXVI.
th .in.,I .. I i:. J '.j -)V:L I'liiini- 1 1 o\» -1 h con;; 11 Acute 'tonicity Testing ConrUictcil ;i t
Vii,, i;: i. i ( lic.i i t n I s hum p ii.it r.l , Iljhilc, AI ih, !r.t,i Ap r i 1 27 - tiny 1, 1978
hi ...jiw.i d.^(,v u Toi.il Alkalinity Salinity Temper.ltum
OsLcr.i'n'r _ t u- ' 1 ) pi! _ (i-i}'. / I CiCO^) (mp,/nl) (°C)
tiCcii L r.i t i;i u
u
1 * t
vi
/ 2
y u
u
24
AM
11
y'o "
a
~ 2/t
" 4 8
12
9 b
0
24
48
11
96
0
24
4 8
12
9
(/; )
111'
in'
i:i
'iu
in-
hr
lu-
In-
h,"
hr
In-
In"
In-
hr
lir
lie
!ir
hr
hr
hr
hr
hi-
hr
hr
1-.
0.0
/.;
/.y
9.0
7.1
6.y
7.4
7.4
7.6
7.0
7,o
00
60
60
oO
60
18
17
18
17
^ J
19.5
21.0
22.0
2 1.o
22
0. 0
'. 8
3
9.2
7. 4
7.2
18
17
18
17
17
19.2
20.9
21.4
21.6
22
5. (.
'.0
u. y
9.5
7.3
a.o
7.6
7.5
7 t>.
7.6
7.7
79
69
64
62
62
18
17
18
17
16
19.1
20.9
21.4
21.4
22
5.6
;;.o
y.o
9.6
7.5
8.1
18
17
18
17
16
19.0
20.9
21.2
21.5
22
10.0
-
y. 3
y.y
7.6
8.2
7.7
7.6
7.6
7.5
7.7
96
7 7
/I
60
65
18
16
18
lb
16
-
21.5
21.5
21.5
22
10.0
8. 2
9.4
j . 6
7. b
8.1
17
16
18
17
16
18.8
20.4
'1.2
21.3
22
18.0
l'.. (j
').(¦>
y.7
7.0
7.y
7.8
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.6
122
89
84
67
71
16
16
16
16
13
18.9
20.8
21.7
21.2
22
] h. (!
'.'.0
9.7
y. 7
/.9
7. a
16
15
17
17
15
18.9
21.1
21.4
21..:
22
32.0
S
10.2
y.i
7.6
7.1
8.0
7.8
7.7
/. 6
7.6
112
93
106
80
78
14
14
16
16
14
19.1
21.0
21.7
21 .0
2 1
32.0
;. y
10. 4
y. a
/. 7
7.2
14
14
16
16
1 .
19.0
21.2
21.5
21.1
2 2
56.0
10. i
10.0
y.(j
5.7
7.4
8.3
U.J
8.0
7. a
7.8
'A'ib
ly.'i
17 3;
139
9 3
] 2
12
12
14
1 L
19.2
20.9
21.5
2l.ii
11
!) o. 0
i
1 o.H
10.0
/.I
;i. (,
1 2
12
12
15
11
i J.l
21.3
21.7
21.1
2 I
lo'M)
i/
to. J
I (i. ij
11
y. :s
8. 6
8.y
8.6
8. /
8.2
3
6
h
r.
i <1 /.
1 1 /.
Tl /
> 2
Ln
NJ
-------
Tab±e xxvu.
Survival Mala Kecot iled by 'lest Aquarium Diirinj; Acute Toxicity Testing ConducLed at
Keicluild Mk.iiiic.iIk, Inc., NewporL Division, Bay HiaeLLe, Alabama April 2o - Hay 7, 1(J7H
!' Low-llirou;',li Tests StatLc Tests
a :. 1 1 i .a 1 e 1"
Mys id
SI lev
: 1»¦. I il
ad
My:; i d
Slice p:.head
ni." < - nl rat ion
'jlir imp
m
.niu A.
s
;l;r imp
m i minus
(')
0
2 A
AH
; ""-J
1 n:
1
%
0
2't
A!',
72
yr»
0
24
AH 12 %
0
2 A
A .'j
72
0. 0
10
'J
y
y
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
¦- 10
10
10
10
10
0. (J
JO
y
y
y
y
JO
10
10
JO
10
'). G
10
10
JO
JO
J0
10
10
10
JO
JO
JO
10
* 10
10
10
10
10
j. ()
JO
u
li
a
8
10
10
10
10
JO
10.0
10
10
10
10
JO
JO
10
10
10
10
10
9
a
10
10
10
10
10.0
10
JO
10
10
y
10
10
JO
10
10
1 8.0
10
JO
10
10
J0
10
10
10
10
10
10
k
¦ 10
10
10
10
10
18.0
JO
10
JO
y
u
10
10
10
10
10
J2.0
10
y
y
H
5
JO
10
10
10
10
10
*
7
10
10
10
10
32.0
10
10
9
i
5
10
10
JO
10
10
'je. 0
10
M
J
u
-
JO
10
10
10
JO
10
*
2
10
10
10
10
5(>. 0
10
]()
5
2
2
10
10
10.
10
10
Solutions were Loo turbid to permit accurate counting of orj;an i sins.
-------
Table XXVIII.
(lu i u: ,i 1 I'.ii i i j K..> corded by Tc:.l Aquarium Darin;; IJow-Through Acute Toxicity Testing Conducted at
Keichokl (.I'.cm i c ;i 1 g , Inc. Newport Division, ISa y Ilincl.Le, Alabama April 28 - May 7, 1978
I) i :.',o I vi d ()>. y;; i'ii Total A I I;.i I i ii i t y Salinity Tempera Lure
Wa . ; 11:i 1 ¦ ¦ r
(
I'11
/ 1 c,
iCO ,)
("if;/
'I)
(°C)
Coiicl ii t i ,i t i oil
0
2 A
4 8
" ii
" 9 b
0
2 A
A 8"
'7 2"
9 b
____ _
2 A
A 8
if
9 b
0
2 A
A 8
72
96
0
2 4
4 d
72
Jo
U)
III
\v:
hr
1 hr
hr
lu-
hr
ln-
hr
hr
hr
hr
t hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
0. 0
<>. 1
b. 9
(.. 8
b. 6
7. 9
7.9
7.8
7. /
/. 7
7.8
68
5 7
52
60
57
20
18
17
18
18
23. A
22.4
21.0
i ¦>
u
>
22.0
o.u
b. 1
b.. 5
b . b
b . 8
7.6
20
18
17
18
18
23.3
22.7
21.5
) >
22. 1
5. ()
6. 6
6.4
5.8
o. 6
7.1
7.8
7.7
7.5
7.6
7.6
70
62
55
62
60
20
17
16
17
16
23. A
22.6
2 1.7
22.
)
22.1
5. 6
b . 5
b.5
b J
6.6
7.5
20
17
16
17
16
23.5
22.7
21.5
22.
3
22.1
10.0
6.9
b. J
b.4
6. 6
7.5
7.8
7.7
7.6
7.6
7.9
70
58
57
62
61
20
I 7
16
16
lb
23. A
2^.5
2 1.6
22.
>
22.0
10.0
6.7
b. 5
b . 2
(j . 6
6.8
20
16
15
16
16
23.6
2 t. 8
21.8
2 2 .
3
22.1
J 8.0
6.5
b. 5
5.2
5.8
7. 4
7.7
7./
7.3
7.5
7.8
7 A
58
58
67
65
18
16
14
15
15
23.6
2 2.6
21.7
22.
3
22. C
18.0
b . A
6.4
4. 9
(>.9
7.6
18
16
l'»
15
1A
23.6
2 2.6
21.5
1 T
3
22 .0
32.0
6.3
b.2
5.1
4.9
7.6
7.5
7. /
7.3
7. A
7.8
82
69
65
73
73
I A
15
1 2
13
12
23.7
22.4
2 1.b
2 2 .
>
22 . 0
32.0
b. 0
0 . 5
J.5
5.0
7.4
IA
1 5
12
13
12
2 '. 8
22.6
21.6
2 2 .
>
22 . (,
30. 0
5 . 2
5. 4
3.5
3.4
7.2
7. A
7.6
/ .2
7.3
7.8
9 2
78
78
83
8 J
10
10
8
9
8
2 A. 0
22.5
21.6
>
2 2 .
5b. 0
5 . J
5. b
4. 1
J. 6
7.3
10
10
8
9
8
23.9
2 2 . 7
2 l.S
22.
I
21.9
100.0
J.J
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.2
/. 5
7.3
7.2
/. 3
7.3.
10A
1J 6
102
10 A
106
0
1
1
1
1
2 A. 0
2 2 . 7
22. 5
22 .
0
22. 1
100.0
2.4
0.4
0.6
0.2
0.2
0
1
1
1
1
24.2
22.8
22.0
22.
0
22. i:
Ln
4>
-------
Table XXIX.
Suiviv.il U.iUi Recorded by Test Container Durinj; Acute Toxicity TesLing
Coiuliif; Led s Li'w.i t e r
Co nc < n t. r ,i (. ion
CO
0
Ilys
24
if 00 1
id '.lir
/,H !
i in | >
12
90
Sliec
0
psl
24
i/001
l< '.ld
4 !i
111 i nnows
7.'. 90
//001 composite
Slice psliead in i nnows
0 24 4 8 12 90
If 005
Shoe pr.liond
0 24 4 8
ini nnou
72 90
v 000
Slice pshen d
0 2'i 48
-I i :mo
/.!
'is
')(
0.1)
10
10
10
10
It)
10
10
1 0
10
10
10
10
-f
10
1 0
10
1 0
10
10
10
10
10
1 (J
If]
1 0
1 I
o.o
10
.10
10
10
10
1 0
JO
10
10
10
L0
JO
10
LO
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
K
5.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
JO
10
10
JO
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
11
5.6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10.0
J 0
JO
L0
10
10
L0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
I(
10.0
10
10
9
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
JO
18.U
10
9
y
9
y
JO
J 0
1 0
L0
10
1 0
10
10
10
JO
10
10
10
10
10
10
I (J
10
10
1(
18.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
JO
JO
10
10
10
10
10
J2.0
1 (J
1 0
10
JO
8
10
10
10
10
JO
1 0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
I (
J2.0
10
10
10
10
8
JO
J 0
10
10
JO
10
10
10
10
10
50.0
1 0
10
10
8
4
10
10
10
L0
JO
10
10
JO
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
K
50.0
1 0
y
y
8
1
JO
10
JO
10
10
10
JO
JO
10
1 0
100.0
10
10
5
3
0
JO
10
JO
10
10
JO
10
JO
10
10
100.0
10
y
6
4
0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Ln
Ln
-------
Table XXX.
Clirin i r,i | I'fi r;iini! t. or s I >'< f: o(I <_¦ < 1 by 'lest A'| 11.1 r i inn Diirinj', l' 1 ow-l.hrotij;h AcnLe
Toxi<;iLy TesLi ii;; Coiuhu; Lnl . 11 (i.i r 11 i n i u r , I in;., Tnmp.n, 1' I or i d.i, .Iimo 17-21, 1978.
I)i !'.soJ veil Oxygen Tol.il Al l;;i I i 11 i Ly S.i I. i n i. L y Tempr r.i Line
W.isLi'v.'iLt'r (mh/D I'll f'wj/l CaCO ) (mj',/ml) (°C)
Dii'.'i'i' Lr.i I. i on 0 2A A8 72 96 0 24~A» /~2 96 (7~2A A8 72 96 0 2A~A8~72 96 0 24 ~48~_
Coiii.'cp Lr.i I. i on
0
2 A
A 8
7 2
96
0
2 A
A 8
/ 2.
96
0
2 A
A 8
72
96
0
2 A
A 8
72
96
0
2 A
A 8
72
96
{'/¦)
lir
lir
lir
lir
lir
lir
1i r
In-
hr
11 r
lir
hr
11 r
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
0.0
6. 5
j. 7
6. 5
6. A
6.9
8.3
8. 2
8.2
8.3
8.3
1 10
1 10
107
1 10
110
18
18
18
20
20
23.9
20.0
21.1
21.A
20.4
0.0
6. A
5.3
6.8
6.7
6.7
18
19
18
20
20
23.5
19.9
21. L
21.1
20.5
5. 6
(). 6
5.9
7.2
7.0
7.1
8.2
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.3
113
11 A
11A
11A
112
20
20
19
20
20
23.0
19.8
21.0
21 .1
20.4
5.6
6.6
5.9
6.8
6.7
7.3
20
20
20
20
20
22.9
19.9
21.2
21.2
20.4
I 0.0
6.3
A. 8
6.8
7.0
7.1
8.1
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.3
116
1 18
.1 18
I 17
J12
20
20
20
21
20
23.0
20.1
21.1
20.6
20. e
10. 0
6.6
5.7
7.1
6.7
7.3
20
20
20
21
20
21.5
19.3
20.4
21.2
20.2
18.0
6. A
5. A
7.2
6.3
7.0
8.1
8.0
8. L
8.2
8.3
117
1L8
J18
120
112
20
21
20
21
20
22. 5
19.5
20.0
20. A
20. £
1 8. (J
6. A
5.5
6.3
6.9
6.9
22
23
22
23
20
22.0
19.1
20. 2
20.4
20. A
32.0
6.3
5.7
6.7
6.6
7.2
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.9
8.3
131
133
13A
13A
113
23
23
23
24
20
22.3
18.8
20. 3
19.9
20. (
3 2.0
6.3
5.6
6. 6
6. A
7.1
22
23
23
23
20
22.3
18.8
19. A
20. 6
20. C
5<>. 0
6.1
5.3
6. 7
6. A
7. A
7.6
7.5
7.6
7.7
8.2
J A 9
151
1 51
1 50
1 18
25
26
2 6
26
?J)
'23.5
19.1
20.1
19.9
20.1
5(>. 0
(. .0
5. A
6. 5
6. (j
7.2
2f)
2 6
>u
2f.
2o
l. t
1 u. 9
19. J
2n. 'i
2().'
100.0
5. A
5.7
6. A
6.6
7.9
7.5
7. A
7.5
7.7
8.1
182
182
1 82
182
182
32
32
32
32
32
28.8
18.6
19.9
20.0
19.:
.100.0
5.3
6.0
6.9
7.1
7.8
31
32
32
32
32
28. A
1 r,. 7
19.8
20.0
19.:
(_n
-------
Table XXXI.
Survival Data Recorded by Test Aquarium During Acute
Toxicity Testing Conducted at Pfizer, Inc., Southport,
NC, July 8-12, 1978
Flow-throtip.h tests Static tests
Wastewater
concentration
(%)
0
Sheepshead
minnows
2 <4 48 72
96
0
Mysid
shrimp
24 48 72
96
0
Sheepshead
minnows
24 48 72
96
0.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
0.0
10
10
10
10
10
5.6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5.6
10
10
10
10
10
10.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10.0
10
10
10
10
10
18.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
18.0
10
10
10
10
10
32.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
9
10
10
10
10
10
32.0
10
10
10
10
10
56.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
8
8
10
10
10
10
10
56.0
10
10
10
10
10
Cn
-------
e XXXJI.
L'lici.i i f J 1 O.i t.i Kc
1 r ¦; L i lb; i.'o ml in' (. i
''!) I'll L'll
¦ I .ii rt
liy Ti.';>L A<| n.i r i mn Our in;;
i zlT, 1 ii, S< hiL h|)o r L , 1
I' J nw-Llirou;',li
NC .hi1y 8-J 2 ,
A<-ute
L9 78
To x i r i t y
W.] > L l vs,i t u r
hi
1 1 Vi'tl U
y,;<
..¦ii
l"i
S.i
(
L i 11 i l y
Mil'./ Ill 1)
Tenipu i .i Lure
CO
o 110 c u 11 . t L ion
(/)
0
in
ll I'
"" 4 8
In-
/ 2
li i"
9(>~"
lu-
t j
i.i
2* >2 9
In' In' In' lu"
0
lu"
24
lir
48
lir
"7 2
In-
9 h
hr
0
lu"
24
lir
'.8
lir
72
lir
9b
lu-
0.0
7.9
0. 0
o. b
ft.2
7.2
" o.i/1 7
.7 7.7 3.U 7.6
20
20
20
Hi
17
20.0
23.4
22.7
20.2
2 L.O
u. u
7.a
0 . (j
b. 6
8.2
7. J
2 (J
20
20
16
17
20.0
22. 5
22.7
19.0
21.0
5.0
K.J
7.1
7.0
8.3
7.2
19
19
19
16
16
20. 0
22.5
22.7
19.2
21.5
5. 6
a. o
b. 9
6.9
8.4
7.2
19
19
19
16
16
20.0
22.5
22.7
19.2
21. 3
10.0
7.9
b. 3
b. 3
7.9
6.7
J 8
18
18
15
15
20.0
22.2
22.8
19. 2
21.7
J o. u
7.9
b. 6
b. 3
7.8
b.7
J 8
J 8
18
15
15
20.0
22.2
22.8
19.2
21.4
18.0
7.9
b. '3
b.l
7. b
6. 7
16
J 6
16
14
14
20.0
22.2
22.8
19.1
21.5
16.0
7. 7
b. j
5.9
7. 1
b.5
16
16
16
14
14
20.0
22.1
22.8
19.3
21.5
32.0
/. 5
b. 2
5.8
6.9
6. 2
13
14
J 4
12
12
20.0
22.2
22.8
19.1
21.5
32. u
7.4
b. 3
3.9
/. L
6.4
13
14
14
12
12
20.0
22.2
22.8
19.3
21.4
36.0
7. o
o. 1
0.1
7.3
6.4
10
10
11
10
10
2U.0
22.3
22.8
19.6
21.0
3o. 0
7.3
0.0
b.l
7.9
6. 1
JO
10
11
1U
10
20.0
22. 5
22.8
19.8
21.0
100.u
7.4
7.0
b. 9
7.4
6.4
7.2'1 7
.7 7.8 8.0 7.7
4
3
4
2
3
J 9.5
22.0
22.4
22.7
20.8
1UD. (1
7.8
5. b
3.6
/. 5
6.9
4
3
4
2
3
20,0
22.2
22.4
22.5
20.5
3 [jII probe broken.
00
-------
Table XXXIII.
Survival Data Recorded by Test Aquarium During
Acute Toxicity Testing at Diamond- Shamrock - Chrome
Chemicals Plant, Castle Hayne, North Carolina
July 12-19, 1978
Flow-through Tests Static Test
10-day-old 16-day-old 10-day-old
sheepshead minnows sheepshead minnows sheepshead minnows
wastewater
concentration
(%) 0 24 48 72 96 0 24 48 72 96 0 24 48 72 96
0.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
0.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5.6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5.6
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
18.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
18.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
32.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
32.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
56.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
56 .0
10
.10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
100.0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
100 .0
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
-------
Table XXXIV.
Chemical Parameters Recorded by Test Aquorimn During Plow-Through
Acute Toxicity Testing Conducted At Diamond Shamrock - Chrane Chemicals
Plant, Castle Hayne, North Carolina, July 12-19, 1978
Dissolved Oxygen
Pi I
Total ALKaiinit.y
balinity
Temperature
(mg/1)
(mg/1
CaCO-,
(mg/1
(°C)
wastewater
concentration
(%)
0
24
48
72
96
0
24
48
72
96
0
24
48
72
96
0
24
48
72
96
0
24
48
72
96
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
hr
0.0
7.2
8.2
8.4
8.3
8.7
8.6
8.7
8.0
8.0
8.0
97
97
141
145
144
15
16
16
16
16
23.2
18.7
19.8
19.8
20.3
0.0
7.2
8.1
8.2
8.4
8.5
15
16
16
16
16
23.2
18.8
19.8
19.9
20.2
5.6
7.2
8.2
8.3
8.5
B.6
8.6
8.7
8^0
8.0
8.0
98
95
139
143
139
14
16
16
16
16
23.0
18.3
19.5
19.7
20.1
5.6
7.1
8.2
8.3
8.2
8.6
14
16
16
16
16
23.4
18.4
19.4
19.8
20.0
10.0
7.2
8.2
8.1
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
7.9
7.9
8.0
90
94
138
144
138
14
15
15
15
15
23.0
18.5
19.2
19.5
20.0
10.0
7.2
8.3
8.3
8.5
8.6
14
15
15
15
15
23.5
18.4
19.5
19.8
20.0
18.0
7.2
8.2
8.2
8.5
8.5
8.6
8.6
7.9
8.0
8.0
85
99
131
140
134
13
15
14
14
14
23.1
18.5
1912
19.6
20.1
18.0
7.2
8.1
7.9
8.5
8.4
13
15
14
14
14
23.5
18.5
19.3
19.9
20.0
32.0
7.2
8.1
7.6
8.2
8.2
8.5
8.6
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76
81
120
152
128
12
14
13
14
13
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56.0
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61
64
106
157
115
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11
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25
48
184
86
6
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21.7
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-------
Table XXXV.
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