EROSION, SEDIMENTATION & RURAL RUNOFF
A GROSS ASSESSMENT PROCESS
By
Howard A. "Time
A companion to EPA legion IV SAD
'Urban fiimofl" Ccnoutations - 6/73
Juno 1974
Environrpentol Protection Agency
Surveillance and Analysis Division
Athens, Georgia
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1 Abstract
Section 2 Writeup Covering Wide Area Erosion Loss, Sediment
Movement and Rural Runoff Prediction Process.
Section 3 Brief Explanation of Universal Soil Loss Equation.
Section 4 Step by Step Procedure for Solving Problems.
Section 5 Key Punching Instructions and Formats for Run Cards.
Section 6 Single Storm Exhibit TC-1 with Sub-Exhibits.
Section 7 Clarke County, Georgia Exhibit TC-2 with Sub-Exhibits,
Section 8 Mobile River Basin Exhibit TC-3 with Sub-Exhibits.
Section 9 Program Listing.
Section 10 Special Notes and Recommendations.
Section 11 Miscellaneous Reference Material.
Section 12 List of References.
Special Open ended additions:
1. Atlanta Metropolitan Area.
i
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Section 1
ABSTRACT
A Wide Area Erosion, Sedimentation and Rural Runoff gross assess-
ment process developed by the EPA Region IV Surveillance and Analysis
Division, Southeast Environmental Research Laboratory, Athens, Georgia,
is available for operational use. The system utilizes the USDA-ARS
"Universal Soil Loss Equation", with probabilistic element tables, for
time period erosion calculations for any size area; however, the well
known small plot calculating accuracy is preserved intact. Variable
Plot Size Blowup Theory, used so successfully for decades in the U.S.
h UMJ
Forest Survey, is just one of many/parasitic^extensions employed to
track soil and certain constituent movements from inland mountains to
P
P
the sea. JirfribJ'/c Joy. — J?. Soj yrj', ^ '
/ u. '
^tis >° sTrt**
Consultations with and historical data from EPA R&D, USDA-ARS/SCS,
Geological Survey, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, State Agencies, Re-
gional Planning Agencies and Universities bridged gaps in the total
structure and partial validation of the process to date is attributable
to their assistance. The source program is in standard FORTRAN 4, ex-
ecution is rapid and it will run on any medium size computer. The
program and user guide are available to all potential users.
nc r. 0*
(r.t.)
i~i
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Section 2
WIDE AREA EROSION LOSS, STREAM SEDIMENTATION AND RURAL RUNOFF
PREDICTION PROCESS FOR GROSS ASSESSMENTS
A probabilistic model has been developed to encompass several
major aspects of the wide area urban and rural runoff problem. The
target was to provide EPA, state and regional planners with a tool
for gross assessments of reasonable accuracy for multi-county areas
and entire river basins without the requirement of excessive detail
information. The process performs far beyond expectations due to very
flexible data input requirements that allow small areas to be
accurately assessed on a single storm basis or on a monthly group
•basis for one to twelve months. .Comprehensive input-data for small
areas should produce results accurately within +5%; broad generalized
data for multi-million acre river basins should give results with
+20% accuracyPoor input data can be expected to give poor results.
' The basic mechanism employed by the model is the "Universal Soil
ptrt& ^05s Equation" developed at the Runoff and Soil-Loss Data Center,
Purdue University, by the USDA Agricultural Research Service during
/ U¦*,><* 'tycao *<¦'•>
the latter 1950's. This equation (A=RKLSCP) is based on nation-wide
j {-*»» A*r*t studies from 1930 on and is essentially free of geographic and climatic
restrictions : however, associated tables restrict use to 37 states east
i * %
of the Rocky Mountains at the present time. Briefly, the equation is
directly applicable to a described unit plot with a slope length of
2-1
-------
?
72.6 feet, a uniform slope gradient of 9% and the plot is in
continuous fallow and maintained under special bare and tilled
conditions with no erosion controls; under these qualifications,
L,j5,C^ and P would be equal to 1 and A (annual tons/acre) =RK. The
value R is a rainfall factor expressed as a number of erosion index
units in a normal year's rain and K is the Soil Erodibility Factor
or erosion rate per unit of erosion-index. The factors L (slope
length in feet) and (slope %) are used in the equation
jLS=(L/75)^"^ X (S/9)^"'^ to calculate the soil loss ratio LS_, is
+ t^ie cropping management factor and P is a factor related to erosion
¦r
ft f ¦
control practice. All required tables and curves from USDA-ARS
Handbook 282 "Rainfall Losses from Cropland East of the Rocky Mountains"
.1-9.65., ~ar.e „¦in- tthe ».modeli.to_,calculate ..how much .and .when soil moves in a
prescribed area.
Many processes utilizing relational and loading factors have
been integrated into the basic mechanism to provide the following
information:
Pt*. 't
tJ
/t
A. Soil movement (loss) and sediment actually reaching area
water bodies by unit, state and wide area.
B. Litter reaching water bodies from land and forest areas.
C. Constituents from both soil and litter combined such as
N, P, K, BOD, TOC, and mine acid.
D. Constituents from livestock and fowl populations composed
of N, P, K, BOD, and TOC.
J isf
2-2
-------
E. The listed constituents are combined for unit, state, and
wide area totals.
F. Sediment deposition is.calculated using sediment migration
factors and allows a single total in tons at the wide area ^ ,
^ ' J t ,7*
terminal point such as the most downstream reservoir or /^*v/V/-*
in an estuary. ^ ***' ?
A simplified users guide and extensive documentation of information
sources is available along with the source deck of 668 cards. The
model requires 66K memory (IBM 370/158), no tapes or disks, 20 seconds
to compile and link edit and problem execution is at the rate of 1000
iterations per second (example - Mobile Basin, 29,000,000 acres,
18000 iterations and 18 seconds).
The model was developed to provide reasonable assessments in
the implementation of the following requirements of Public Law 92-500
"Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972":
Section 104(N) Sedimentation Effects in the Nation's Estuaries.(EPA)
Section 208(F,G) Identification of Agriculturally, Silviculturally
and Mine Related Nonpoint Sources of Pollution. (State/local)
Section 305(B,1,E) Determine Nature and Extent of Nonpoint Sources
of Pollutants. (State)
Section 404 Evaluation of Runoff Effects due to Fill of Wetlands. (EPA)
Methods and procedures such as the documented working model are
in full accord with the "National Environmental Policy Act of 1969"
2~3
-------
Paragraph 4332 A, B, C, arid F. Other operational uses involve field
studies and upgrading runoff sections of Environmental Impact
Statements.
Documentation and source/run loan decks are available at the
address below. O.S.I, users may punch the decks directly from
Disk TS0O12 File CNMD01.HAT.WATARI or run with the compiled program
on Disk TS0O12 File CNMD01.HAT.ROF using the program name WASRRHAT.
Howard A. True
Surveillance & Analysis Division
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4
Southeast Environmental Research Laboratory
College Station Road
Athens, Georgia 30601
Phone: 404/546-3139
2-4
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Section J
THE UNIVERSAL SOIL-LOSS EQUATION - USLE
The USLE was developed at the Runoff and Soil-Loss Data Center
of the Agricultural Research Service, Purdue University, during the
latter 1950's. Basic runoff and soil-loss data collected from
nation-wide studies from 1930 on was used to produce an equation
essentially free of geographic and climatic restrictions.^ The form of
(v\ ,, ^ -j\
-------
(d) the plot is plowed and placed in conventional corn
seedbed each spring (no planting) and is tilled as
needed to prevent vegetal growth or serious surface
crusting.
(e) under these conditions 1^, S^, and ]? each have a value
of 1.0 and K = A/R. //f^ ^ /
-------
Note C - The cropping management factor is essentially a time
period modifier of the erosion-index unit for the area involved.
This factor is obtained from the sub-area maps and curves, Figures 4
through 21 as applicable.
Note P - Erosion control such as contouring, terracing and contour
strip-cropping and mechanical means of controlling erosion. Table 6
gives P values for contouring and 50% of these values are used for
strip-cropping and 20% of these values apply when terracing is used.
3-3
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Section 4
STEP BY STEP PROCEDURE FOR PREPARING DATA FOR THE
WIDE AREA EROSION, SEDIMENTATION AND RURAL RUNOFF PREDICTION PROCESS
1. Obtain a map covering the runoff area, segment the map in
accord with Section 11 iso-erodent map and record the appropriate
state region numbers. This limits the size of a unit generally because
the program selects the erosion index number and the period values
based on the state region number. A review of the Section 11 table
of state data will indicate possibilities for coding an entire state
as a single unit.
2. The run will require a 7-card area group with cards 1-6 being
report headings and card 7 punched with overall run information such
-.as .time ^period, .seed value for the random number generator, number of
state groups involved and special print switches to obtain input
table listings, probability table listings, random number table, LS
table and a detail trace of the first unit. Section 5 "Key Punch
Instructions and Run Card Formats" gives full information on formats
for punching all data cards and the published test cases give data
input illustrations.
3. Card 8 is a state control card preceding unit groups. This
card is punched with the FIPS 5 (see Section 11) state code, the state
name and number of unit groups for the state.
4-1
-------
4. Cards 9 through 17 contain information covering the first
unit, there must be a 9 card unit group for each unit in the state.
There is no limit on the number of units within a state and no limit
on the number of states. Control is based on unit group count in
card 8 and state count in card 7; therefore, regionalization of totals
within a state can be accomplished by having multiple state-unit
groups within a state.
5. Unit group cards will be referred to hereafter as ill through #9.
6. it 1 is the unit control card and must contain the state
region number referred to in item 1 above and the number of acres
in the unit. The third value is optional and is calculated as the
-square root of the number of -acres .unless .the plot .siz^. (blowup factor)
is punched. The number of iterations performed on the unit is determined
by dividing the plot size into the number of acres; therefore, the
punched plot size should be a sub-multiple of an integer value since
only a calculated value is adjusted in the program. The process
calculates on a per acre basis and then applies the plot size as a
blowup factor before accumulating.
7. #2 is the soil erodibility card carrying from 1 to 5 soil
type factors with a percentage attached' to each value for building a
100 value probability table of K values. This limits the size of a
unit to an area containing no more than 5 different soil types unless
4-2
-------
some soil types can be grouped with a weighted mean assigned.
Representative K values are obtained from Table 1, page 5 of
USDA-ARS Handbook 282 - See Section 11.
8. #3 is the slope gradient & slope length card with slope
% JS and slope % deviation required and slope length L and slope
length deviation in feet optional. If L is not punched the program
will supply an empirically determined L_ = 140.1 and deviation = +93.4
giving a slope length range for a one acre plot of 46.7 to 233.5 feet.
Two 100 value equal interval probability tables'will be built by the
program independently for slope % and slope length. The program
supplied maximum L is equal to the diameter of a one acre circle and
the minimum L is equal to one fifth of the diameter.
9. #4 is the cropping management card carrying from 1 to 5
ground cover factors with a percentage attached to each value for
building a 100 value probability table of values. The values must
be physically located in the card in this order: cropland, pasture
land, forest, urban and other. If no values are punched in any field
the program will put in the SMSA set given in the 1973 CEQ report to
the President (24% .08, 19% .01, 32% .005, 10% .01, 15% 1.0). The
percent of each type ground cover or type of utilization can be
estimated from SCS County Soil Surveys, aerial photographs, special
atlas maps or from local knowledge.
4-3
-------
10. #5 is the erosion control practice card carrying from 1 to 5
erosion factors (low values imply good control and high values 1.0
and greater indicate no control or conditions aiding erosion) with a
percentage attached to each value for building a 100 value probability
table of values. The values can be punched in any order, and if no
values are punched in the card, the program will put in a set
compatible with the values supplied for a blank //4 card. These
fill values (24% .50, 19% 1.0, 32% 1.0, 10% 1.0, 15% 1.3) are
equivalent to (24% .50, 61% 1.0, 15% 1.3).
11. //6 sediment delivery, sediment migration and parameter card
provides factors for translating erosion on land to sediment delivered
to water bodies and further transport to some downstream terminal
point such as a reservoir or estuary. A mean percent and deviation
percent is punched for sediment delivery and sediment migration (in
stream movement to a terminal point). The program produces two
independent 100 value probability tables for random selection of
applicable factors. This card is punched with sediment conversion
factors to produce pounds of TJ, P, K, BOD, and TOC reaching local
water bodies from the soil. The program will use zero for any /idt ftJijftc
unpunched percentages or factors; therefore, failure to provide
data for sediment delivery will nulify effects of all other values
since they calculate quantities based on sediment delivery calculated
quantity.
0
u-u
-------
7V,v -/^c
^ /Otflfy.
12. #7 livestock and fowl counts card provides information for
application of daily loading factors for nutrients and organics.
Dairy cows produce a larger load than other cows and must be
separatable; broilers are marketed every 10 to 12 weeks and must be
treated differently from other domestic poultry. Non-poultry
domestic fowl (i.e. turkeys) can be put in as poultry equivalents
ik ¦ /20
on an annual basis. —
13. #8 litter card provides information for litter calculations
keyed to percentages given in #4 cropping management card. This card
carries factors for calculating nutrients and organics contained
in the transported litter for combining with sediment contained
values and reported on the land line.^—
14. //9 mining acid loading card provides simple information
for calculating acid loads to water bodies from mining areas only.
This value is valid for annual and monthly periods but not for a
single storm event.
4-5
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Section 5
KEY PUNCH INSTRUCTIONS AND RUN CARD FORMATS
AREA CARD'S (^required)
Card 1 All SO Cols» - First part of Report Heading Line #1.
" 2 Cols. 1 - 40 - Remainder of Report Heading Line #1.
" 3 All 60 Cols* - First part of Report Heading; Line #2.
" 4 Cols o 1 - 40 - Remainder of Report Heading Line §2,
" 5 All BO Cols. - Report Line jf3»
" 6 All 80 Cols. - Report Line
" 7 See below:
Card Cols, Var. Name Format (X)Req„/Default Identification
1 -
40
Unused
40X
-Anything desired
41 -
42
IPS
12
X
*See Note
-Starting Month (01-12)
43 "
45
IPF
13
X
*See Note
-Ending Month (01-12)
46
Unused
IX
47 -
53
IRNS
17
3451427
-Seed Value for RNG
54 ¦=
56
ICTS
13
X
-Number of States
57
Unused
IX
58
LT
11
0
-SW1 'I1 causes print
of STATE/PERIOD Tables
59
LP
11
0
-SW2 'lf causes print
of First Unit Input
Probability Tables
60
LD
11
0
-SW3 11' causes print
of First Unit Detail
Calculations Trace
61 •»
BO
Unused
&Note - If a Single Storm Event is to be run Cols» 41°42 must be
blank and the Single Storm EI value is determined from
USDA-ARS Handbook 2e>2 and is punched into Cols* 43-45.
SW3 should be used with caution because a lot of paper
will print for a large unit having a small plot size.
FIRST STATE GROUP ******************************
STATE CARD (1 required)
Card Colso Var» Name Format (X)Reqe/Default Identification
-Anything desired
~State FIPS Number
-State Name (Maxo20 Ch.)
-Number of Units
1 - 40
Unused
40X
41 - 42
ISC
12
X
43
Unused
IX
44 - 63
ISN(1-5)
5A4
X
64 " 65
ICTSS
12
X
66 ¦= SO
Unused
Note = The State Card is a cover control card for one or more units
within that state® The process controls unit processing
based on the number of units specified at ICTSS and controls
state processing based on the number of states at ICTS in
Area card §7« Multiple State-Unit groups within the same
State can be run in the same process run for regional results,
5-1
-------
FIRST LAND UNIT FOR ANY STATE
LAND UNIT CARDS (9 required)
Card #1 Unit Control - See below,
Card_ Cols,
1
41 -
43
44 -
52 -
56 •
*Note
40
42
51
55
go
Yar. Name Format (X)Req./Default
Unused 40X
Identification
ISGN
Unused
ACSG
SGPLS
Unused
12
IX
F3.0
F4.0
-Anything desired
»State region from map Sll
*See Note
-Acres in this unit
-Flot size acres
If the plot size is not punched the process will take the
Square Root of the total unit acres and convert this to
Integer form for division into total unit acres to get a
reasonable plot siae. The process then divides the plot
size (punched or calculated) into total unit acres to get
the number of iterations required,, The plot size is a
blowup (or down) factor since the process calculates on
a one acre unit area basis.. Judicious selection of plot
size can save costly machine time while allowing random
processes to operate properly. Test runs on the 29,000,000
acre Mobile River Basin \*/ith 100 acre plots, 290,000
iterations and 5 minutes machine time gave essentially the
same results as 35$«5 - 2004o7 acre plots, l£,000 iterations
and 18 seconds machine time6
H++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Card H2 Soil Er-odibility (K) Allows from 1 to 5 Soil Types«
Card ColSc Var* Name Format (X) Reg,,/Default Identification
1-40 Unused 40X
41 - 43 ISE1 13 X
44 - 48 SEF1 F5o0 X
49 - 56 ISE2,SSF2 I3,F5o0
57 - 64 ISE3jSEF3 I3,F5<,0
65 - 72 ISE4,SEF4 I3,F5*0
73 - 30 ISE5.SEP5 I35F5„0
*Note
0
#33
*See Note
T?
-Anything desired
probability SET#1
-K value SET#1
k K SET#2
& K SET#3
& K SET#4
k K SET#5
A 100 element K probability table is constructed by the
process; therefore the sum of all percentages should be
100e If a non-aero percent is punched and no corresponding
K is punched then zero will go into that group of slots in
the table; however if the percent sum is non-zero and i3
less than 100 then an average K=,33 will be put into the
remainder of the table, A blank card will produce 100 values
of o33 and is not a recommended procedure.
+ + + + + -{- + -t- + + + + + + -j- + + +++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + -!• + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + -S-
Card ff3 Slope % and Slope Length ~ For LS Ratio Calculations<,
Card Colso Var«
1
41
46
51
56
61
40
45
50
55
60
30
Unused
XPSL
XSLD
XSLG
XSLGD
Unused
Name Format (X)Req a/Default
40X
X
0
140.1
Identification
F5*0
F5o0
F5.0
F5»0
93 o 4
=>Anything desired
-Mean Slope fo
=Slope 4> ^ Deviation
-?4eah Slope Length in Ft,
-Slope L + Deviation
* XSLG & XSLGD is a combination that is effective only when XSLG-0e0
+ + + +*$-+"{-•4'-$' + + + + +¦»•++ + ¦+¦ + + + + + + + + + "?* -!- + + + + + -i- + *f + + + *i~-f*+ + + + + + + + + + -}-4,'<, + + + + + + -^ + + "i,"$- + -f- + +
5-2
-------
Card #4 Cropping Management (C)
Card Cols. Var. Name Format (X)Req./Default Identification
1 - 40 Unused 40X
41 - 43 ICM1 13
44 - 48 CMF1 F5.0
49 - 56 ICM2,CMF2 I3,F5.0
57 - 64 XCM3,CMF3 I3,F5.0
65 - 72 ICM4»CMF4 I3.F5.0
73 - SO ICM5,CMF5 I3,F5eO
•Anything desired
24 -Crop Land & SET#1
,08 -Crop Land C SET#1
19 .01 -Pasture $> & C ,SET#2
32 .005 -Forest # & C SET#3
10 .01 -Urban & C SET#4
15 1.0 -other # & C SET#5
Note: See Note under Card #2, the C value for filling is .174
+ + + + + -S- +++++++++ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + -f- + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
Card #5 Erosion Control Practice {P)c
Card Colso Var. Name Format (X)Req,
1-40 Unused 40X
41 - 43 IEC1 13
44 - 48 ECF1 F5.0
49 - 56 IEC2,ECF2 I3,F5.0
57 - 64 IEC3 PECF3 13 »F5e0
65 = 72 IEC4,ECF4 I3,F5.0
73 - 80 IEC5SECF5 I3,F5®0
Identification
19
32
10
15
24
.50
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.3
-Anything desired
-Crop Land % SET#1
-Crop Land P SET#1
-Pasture fo & P SET#2
-Forest $> & P SET#3
-Urban % & P SET#4
-other io & P SET#5
Note; See Note under Card #2, the P value for filling is .93
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + *$- + + + +¦+¦ + + + + -$" + + -V + + + + + + + + *V4' + + + + + + + + + 4* + + + + + + + + + 4* + + + + + +,+
Card #6 Sediment Delivery, Sediment in-stream migration and factors
for Constituent calculations.
Card Cols. Vars Name Format (X)Req./Default Identification
1
— 40
Unused
40X
-Anything desired
41
- 43
SDA
F3o0 X
0
-Mean Sed0 Del. ^
44
- 45
SDD
F2.0
0
-Sed.Dela % + Dev.
46
- 50
SDNF
F5.0
0
"% Nitrogen Tn Sed.
51
- 55
SDPF
F5o0
0
-% Phosphorus in Sed
56
- 60
SDKF
F5.0
0
Potassium in Sed.
61
- 65
SDBOD
F5o0
0
BOD in Sed.
66
" 70
SDTOC
F5.0
0
TOC in Sed.
71
- 73
SRESP
F3.0
0
-Mean Sed. Mig. $
74
- 75
SRESD
F2.0
0
-Sed.Mig. % ^'Dev.
76
«= 80
Unused
Note:
i The
process
will build two
100 value
tables. The Sediment
Migration table is independent of the Sediment Delivery table;
however if Sediment Delivery is aero then all other card data
is ineffective.
+ + + + + + + + + ¦f+ + + + + *f + + + + + + -r + + *{' + "!' + + *^ + + + + +, + + 4* + + + *H' -!' + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 4-
Card #7 Livestock and Fowl counts.
Card ColSo Var. Name Format (X)Req./Default
2 OX
F10.0
FlOoO
F10.0
F10.0
F10.0
FlOoO
1-20 Unused
21 - 30 COOT
31 - 40 com
41 - 50 SWINE
51 - 60 POULT
61 - 70 WFOV/L
71 - 80 BROIL
Note; if this card
eliminated,,
5-3
Identification
-Anything desired
0 -Total Cows
0 -Dairy Cows
0 -Swine
0 -Poultry except Broilers
0 -Waterfowl
0 -Broilers (Annual Total)
is blank the Livestock/Fowl Report Line will be
-------
Card ## Litter from Plant Life.
Card Cols,, Vare Name Format (X)Req„/Default Identification
1 •= 40 Unused -Anything desired
41 - 45 XLPA F5<>0 0 -Litter/Forest Ac. (LBS)
46 - 50 XLNF F5e0 0 Nitrogen in Litter
51 - 55 XLPF F5o0 0 -% Phosphorus in Litter
56 - 60 XLKF F5c0 0 -4> Potassium in Litter
61 - 65 XLBOD F5»0 0 BOD in Litter
66 - 70 XLTOC F5o0 0 TOC in Litter
71 •= SO Unused
Note? Litter constituents are combined v.dth Sediment constituents
on the Report Land Line.
4, + + + + + + -h+- + + + + + + 4- + + + + + + + + + + "4"+ + + + + + + + + *4* + + + + -4" + + 4**T» + + + + + + + 4- + + + + ++ + + +' + + + + + + +
Card #9 Acid Loading from Mining.
Card Cols0 Var» Name Format (X)Req0/Default Identification
1 ¦» 40 Unused -Anything desired
41 - 50 XMDA FlOoO 0 -Mining Acres
51 - 60 XMDAP FlOoO 0 -Acid Lbs/Acre/Year
61 - 80 Unused
Note: Acid Loads are calculated for the period specified in Area Card
#7„ This card should be blank for Single Storm Events.
+ + + + + + + -4- + + + + + + + +,+ + -^++ + + + -4- + + + + +, + + + -{- + + + + + + + + ++ + + + -4- + + + 'H*+' + + + + -fr' + '4* ++"4* + + + +, + + +
NEXT 9 CARD LAND UNIT FOR THIS STATE ****$******#********
=> or «=¦
_NEXT S.TA.TE GROUP
- or -
!'% gf.j]} Qp FILE CARD
RUN DECK SEQUENCE
dL
'* End of File
7
/
9
-O-
flAND UNITS (9 Cards. eac h)
,/gTATE Group Cover Card (1 Card)
/
IXANDJNIT #2 (9 Cards)
ChAND_ UNIT #1 (9 Cards)
l^fiiTEjGroup Cover Card "(1 "Card')-
AREA_Problem Cards (7 Cards)
E.0T_J l_Card) -7
, ~^_iArea Period Table (33 Card3T 7"
f99 EOT JJL_Car d) 7"
1 State Table (37 Cards) X
fJCL Run Cards 7
5-4
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Section 6
SINGLE STORM TEST CASE - SMALL AREA
Area Size 1 Acre
Erosion Index Units (EI) 175
Soil Erodibility (K) C2S
Slope % (S) hc5 %
Slope Length (L) 200 Feet
Cropping Management (C) 1„0
Control (P) loO
Manual Solution for Erosion (A) 34«40 Tons
Process Solution for Erosion (A) 33«45 Tons*(Exhibit TCI)
* Difference due to more exact calculation of LS Ratio
in Process Solution *
6-1
-------
SI M'Lli SlOrfM TEST PKO^LEM
C AL CUL ATI N LtlS... BOD LBS_. "TOC LBS ACIO LBS
1 LAND ( 1.0) '
j£0.-
-------
TCI (Single Storm Event) INPUT CARDS
NOTE - REMOVE ALL CA°DS WITH « IN COL 80
»»«»« this is single storm exhibit tci input data ««««»«•»«»»»»««««»»«
I O0 I 10--- I ?0 | 30 I 40 I 5C I 60 I 70
1234 56789012345b7390123456 7890 1234 56 7890 12345678901234567890 1234 56 73901234 56 789
EXHIBIT TCI
SINGLE STORM TEST PRObLEM
CALCULATING EROSION ONLY
PROttLEM STATEMENT: 1 ACRE PLOT»
SLOPE 96 = 4.5, SLOPE LENGTH =200
AREA CONTROL CARD
STATE CONTROL C£RD
#1 UNIT CONTROL CARD
#2 SOIL EROD1B1LITY (K)
C3 SLOPE * f. SLOPE LENGTH (LSI
*4 CROPPING MANAGEMENT (C)
#5 EROSION CONTROL PRACTICE (P)
#6 SEDIMENT DELIVERY.MIGRATION 5. FACTORS
£7 LIVESTOCK f. FOWL
ff8 LITTER 5. LITTER FACTORS
*9 MINE DRAINAGE ACRES i, ACID LOADING
EROSION-INDEX
FT., C=1, P=1
175 3451427
13 GEORGIA
6 1.0
100 .28
EI = 175, SOIL EROD18ILITY K = .28
EXPECTED ANSWER 34.4 TONS/YR.
1 111
1
4.5
100
100
1.0
0 200 0.0
6-3
-------
.01
CLARKE COUNTY, GEORGIA - MEDIUM SIZE AREA
Unit Soil Erodi- Slope % Typical Areas Unit Acres
bilitv (K) Range from Map
1
olO
0-2
C
2,136
2
olO
2-6
A
209
3
.26
2 «• 6
D
4,010
4
e26
6-15
B+F+H+K
IS,165
5
,26
15 - 25
0
8,765
6
.36
0-2
P
5,160
7
o36
2-6
E+I+J
13,560
8
.36
6-15
L+N
17,599
9
.36
15 - 25
G+M
Total
10,010
79,634
There are no knovm Manual Estimates of Annual Sediment Tons,
Process Solutions ~ Exhibits TC2(1,~2 fc 3) *
Best Case (20% Sediment/Erosion Ratio) 90,1$9 Tons
Author's best estimate (40$ Sediment/Erosion Ratio) 180,571 "
Probable vrorst case {50% Sediment/Erosion Ratio) 225,761 n
Note - These are Annual Sediment Tons reaching all types of
water bodies such as streams, creeks, rivers, lakes,
ponds and reservoirs. Nutrients are keyed to the
Sediment Delivery rate»
* Clarke County, Georgia Map (not to scale)„ For illustrative
purposes only to show how scattered parcels can be grouped
into units of like characteristics<>
7-1
-------
CLARKE COUNTY, GEORGIA (20% SED.) EXHIBIT TC2
TOTAL.APEA ANNUAL EROSION.AND CONTRIBUTION OF SEDIMENT & CONTAMINANTS TO WATER BODIES
EACH UNIT HAS A DIFFERENT LAND TYPE AND SLOPE f> COMBINATION. _ .
UNITS HAVE 3 SOIL TYPES (K=.1».26,.36) & 4 SLOPE RANGES (« = 0-2»2-6,6-15, 1 5-25)
*«•* PERIOD MONTHS l_- .12.. _ _ ... ... . _ .. _... . „
UN IT/TYPE (PLOT AC.) ACRES S.L. TONS ««««««»» « TO WATER BODIES » « » » »»<><:««
_ SED. TONS.LITTER TONS .. NIT.LBS PHOS.LBS LBS BOD LBS TOC LBS ACID LBS
- 1 LAND ( 46.4) 2136.00 74.25 " """" 16.21 520.18" " 5234." 1482. 7271. 780266. 936320. 0.
LIVESTOCK/FOWL ' 5. 2. 0 . 19. 34.
UNIT" TOTALS 2136.00 74.25 16.21 520.18 5239. 1484.- 7271. 780286. 936354. 0.
2 LAND ( 14.9) 209.00 41.20 9.48 57.64 595. 177. 998. 86463. 103756. 0.
LIVESTOCK/FOWL _ _ 0. 0. ' 0. 0. __ _ 1.
UNIT TOTALS 209.00 41.20 9.48 57.64 595. 177. 998. 86464. 103757. 0.
3 LAND ( 63.7) 4010.00 4952.54 1278.14 990.83 12465. 4819. 45033. 1486243. 1783493. 0.
LIVESTOCK/FOft'L _ _ _ 12. 4. 0. 45. _ 79.
"UNIT TOTALS - 4010.00 4952.54 "1278. 14 990.83 12476. 4823. 45033". 1486288. 1783571. 0.
4 LAND ( 135.6) " 18165.00 67575.87 ~12l77,.48 " 4658.78 " "70942. "32529. 365930. 6988174. 8385820. 0.
LIVESTOCK/FOWL ' 36. 11, 0, 137. 24fl.
UNIT TOTALS 18165.00 67575.87 12177.48 4658.78 70978". ' 3254 0. 365930. 6988310. 8"3860S9. 0-
"5 " LAND (~ 94:27 "8765.00 " 89816.81" * "24871".60 2313.96 "72882. 46274. 652333. 3470935. 4165127. 0. ^
LIVFSTOC.K/FOWL 27. 8. 0. 102. 179. _ _
"UNIT TOTALS "" """"""" 8765.00""" 89816.81 " "24871.60 2313.96 "72909. "" 46282. 652333. 3471036. 4165305. 0. f-
6 LAND "( 73.0) 5180.00 1412."65 159.93 1235.83' 12678. 3716. 20311. 1853743. 2224492." "0".
LIVESTOCK/FOWL 6. 2. _ 0. 24. _ 43.
" UNIT TOTALS "" " " """ 5180.00"" 1412.65 "159.93 " '¦ 1235.83 """12685. " 3713. 20311. 1853767. 2224535. 0.
"7" LAND ( 116.9) 13560.00 18136.80" " 4755.41 " " 3498.46" 44495. 17404. " 165062." " 5247655. 6297194. 0.
LIVESTOCK/FOWL 39. 12. 0. 149. 262.
UNITTOTALS "'" 13560.00 18136.80 4755.41 3493.46 44534. 17416". 163062. "5247803." "6297455." 0.
"8 LAND ( 133.3)"""" "17599.00 1 12815.50 "" " 20559.87" "4254.36 83663. 44808. 570153. 6381522. """7657841" 0.
LIVESTOCK/FOWL 35. 11. 0._ 134. 237.
"""UNIT TOTALS 1 7599. 00""""" "112815. 50 "' "20559.87 " " 4254.36 " "83698. " 44819. " 570153. "6381656. 7658077. " 0.
9 LAND""" ( 100. 1) 10010 .00 137974T6"2 26361. 10 2530786 780"30. 49264. 692434. 3796268." 4555526. 0.
LIVESTOCK/FOWL _ _ ' 21. _ 7. _ 0. 81. 142.
UNIT TOTALS 10010.00 137974.62 "26361.10 2530.86" 78052. 49271." 692434. 3796348. 4555667. 0.
STATE LAND " """79634.00 " 432800. 12 " 90 189. 19 " — 20060.89 " 380985. 200473.""" 2519522. " 30091248. 36109536." " "" " " 0.
LIVESTOCK/FOWL 182. 57. 0. 692. 1216.^
GEORGIA" "" '" TOTALS 79634.00 432800.~1~2" 90189.19 • 20060789 3"8'ri67. 200529. 2519522." 30 0 9" 1936 .""361 10736. 0.
AREA LAND " 79634.00 "432800.12 90189. 19" " " "20060". 89 "" 380985." "200473. ""'2519522. "30091248. 36109536." " " '0.
LIVESTOCK/FOWL __ __ 182._ 57. 0. 692. 1216.
GRAND TOTALS 79634.00 432800.12 "90189. 19 " " 20060.89 " 381167." "200529." "2519522. 30091936. 36110736. 0.
(SEDIMENT MIGRATION TO A TERMINAL POINT= 46980.82 SHORT TONS OR 59590.04 CUBIC YARDS OR 45561.63 CUBIC METERS)
-------
6
CLARKE COUNTY» GEORGIA (50% SED.) EXHIBIT TC2
TOTAL AREA ANNUAL.EROS ION .AND CONTRIBUTION OF SEDIMENT &, CONTAMINANTS TO WATER BODIES
EACrl UNIT MAS A DIFFERENT LAND TYPE
UNITS HAVE 3 SOIL TYPES (K=.l».26».
»»»» PERIOD MONTHS 1 - 12^
AND SLOPE %
36) 6. 4 SLOPE
COMBINATION
RANGES (%=
e
0-2»2-6,6-159
15-25) """
•
....
- —
UNIT/TYPE (PLOT AC.)
ACRES
S.L. TONS «
ft « a » »
SED. TONS
LITTER TONS
« -u a
NIT.LBS
TO WATER
_PHOS.LBS
BODIES »
LBS
# O » « ft
BOD LBS
,TOC LBS
a & & a
ACID LBS
1 LAND ( 46.4)
LIVESTOCK/FOWL
2136.00
74.25
40.62"
" "' 1298,93 "
13070.
13,
3702.
4.
: 18161.
0.
"1948390.
49.
"2338070. "
86.
0.
UNIT TOTALS
2136.00
74,25
40.62
1298,93
13083.
3706.
18161.
1948438.
2338155.
0.
2 LAND ( 14.9)
LIVESTOCK/FOWL
UNIT TOTALS
209.00
209.00
"~ 41.20
41.20 '
23.79"
23.79"
144.49 "
144.49
1492."
0.
1493.
443."
0.
443.
250 2."
0.
2502.
" 216735.
1.
216736.
" "260082. "
1 .
260084,
0.
" 0.
3 LAND ( 63.7)
LIVFSTOCK/FOWL
UNIT TOTALS
4010.00
4010.00
4952.54
4952.54
3218.07
"" 3218.0 7"
2475.38
.2475.38
31190.
30,
31219.
12080.
9.
12089.
113125.
0.
"113125.
3713051 .
114.
3713165.
4455669.
199.
4455867.
0.
0. "
4 LAND ( 135.6)
LIVESTOCK/FOWL
18165.00
67575.87
"""30338,46"
11652.57"
"177199.
90.
811677
28.
"912276.
0.
"17479024.
340.
20974720. ~"
593.
0. """
UNIT TOTALS
18165.00
67575.87
30338.46
11652.57
177289.
81194.
912276.
17479360.
20975312.
0.
5 LAND ( 94.2)
LIVESTOCK/FOWL
UNIT TOTALS
8765.00
8765.0 0
89816.81
" 89816.81
62724.65
62724.65
5792.85
5792.85"
183374.
68.
183442."
116577.
21.
116598.
1644546.
0.
1644546.
8689323.
256.
8689579."
10427193.
451.
10427643. "
0 .
"" o.
6 LAND ( 73.0)
LIVESTOCK/FOWL
UNIT totals
5180.00
5180.00
1412.65
1412.65
390. 15
390. 15
3083.90
3083.90
31619.
16.
31635.
9259.
5.
" 9264.
50461.
0.
"50461 ."
4625834.
60 .
"4625893.
5551005.
105.
5551110.
0.
0. ~
7 LAND ( 116.9)
LIVESTOCK/FO/JL
13560.00 "
' ~18136.80"
" "11977.55"
8751.95""
"111473.
99.
43670.
31.
414965.
0.
"13128041.
375.
" 15753661. "
659,
' 0. ""
UNIT TOTALS
13560.00
18136.80
11977.55
8751.95
111572.
43700.
414965.
13128415.
15754320.
0.
8 LAND ( 133.3)
LIVESTOCK/FOWL
UNIT TOTALS
17599.00
"'""17599.00" ~
112815.50
112815.50
" 51241.88
" 51241.88
" 10620.87 "
""" 10620.87"
"208689.
88.
208777."
"111725.
27.
"" 1 11752.
"1421225.
0.
" 1421225.
" 15931501.
335.
15931835.
19117664,
591.
191 18240, "
"0.
0. """¦
" 9 Land " ( loo. l>
LIVESTOCK/FOWL
UNIT TOTALS
""" 10010.00"
10010.00
137974.62 '
137974.62
65605.56
65805,56
6327,37""
6327.37
"194881."
53.
194934,
12300 3 7
17.
123019,
1723615,"
0.
1728615,
"9491127.
20 1,
" 9491328.
11389365."
354.
11389718,
0.
" ¦ " 0.
STaTE land
LIVFSTOCK/FOWL
79634.00
43280 0. 12
225760,62
50148.30
952988,
456.
"" 501625."
142.
"""6305875.
0.
75222976,
1731.
90267376.
3043.
0.
GEORGIA TOTALS
79634.00
432800.12
225760.62
50148,30
953444.
501766.
6305875.
75224704.
90270416.
0.
AREA LAND
LIVESTOCK/FOWL
GRAND TOTALS
79634.00
"79634.00
432800.12
432800.12
"225760 .62
225760.62
"" 50148,30"
" 50148.30 "
952988."
456,
953444."
501625.
1^2.
"501766.
"' "6305875.
0.
"6305875.
"75222976.
1731.
75224704.
90267376, "
3043,
90270416,
0 9
0.
(SEDIMENT MIGRATION TO A TERMINAL "PO~INT = 117939.50 SH'oRT'TONS OR 149593.37 CUBIC YARDS OR 114376.81 CUBIC METERS)
-------
CLARKE COUNTY, GEORGIA <40% SED.) EXHIBIT TC2
r.0T.AL..AREA_.6NNUAL_ER0SI.0N_.AN0_C0NJ^I8UT.I0N-0F_SEDlMENT._Si_C0NTAMlNANXS._T.0_.WAIER_B_QD.IES
EACH UNIT HAS A DIFFERENT LAND TYPE AND SLOPE % COMBINATION. .. _ _
UNITS HAVE 3 SOIL TYPES _LBS BOD. LBS .TOC LBS. ACID LBS
1 LAND ( 46.4) 2136.00 74.25 32.48 1039.35 10458. 2962. 14531. 1559020. 1870818. 0.
LIVESTOCK/F_OW| _ _10. 3, 0. _ 39. 69.
UNIT TOTALS 2136.00
2 LAND ( 14.9) 209.00
LIVESTOCK/FOWL.
UNIT TOTALS 209.00
3 LAND ( 63.7)
LIVESTOCK/FOWL
UNIT TOTALS
4010.00
4010.00
4952.54
" 4952.54"
2571.43
2571.43
1980.53
1980.53 " "
24948.
24.
24972.
9660.
8.
9667.
90427.
0.
90427.
2970786,
91.
2970877.
3564947.
159.
3565105.
0.
0.
-
' 4 L'AND ( 135.6) "
LIVESTOCK/FOWL
18165.00
67575.87
24284.83
9321.31 "~
14177V."
72.
64956.
22.
730162.
0.
"13982143.
272.
16778576.
478.
0.
UNIT TOTALS
18165.00
67575.87
24284.83
9321.31
141851.
64978.
730162.
13982415.
16779040.
0/
5 LAND ( 94.2)
LIVESTOCK/FOWL
UNIT TOTALS
8765.00
8765.00
89816.81
89816.81
50107.09
50107.09
4633.25
4633.25
146543.
54.
146597.
93142V
17.
93159.
" 1313799.;
0.
1313799.
' ""6949880.
205.
6950084.
'8339857.
360.
8340216.
0.
0.
-a-
! ¦
f-
6 LAND ( 73.0)
LIVESTOCK/FOWL
UNIT TOTALS
5180.00
5180.00
1412.65
1412.65
313.41
313.41
2467.69
"""' 2467.89 """"
25305.
13.
25318.
7^11.
4.
7415.
40411.
0.
40411.
3701809.
48 o
3701857.
4442177.
84.
4442261.
0.
0.
7 LAND ( 116.9)
LIVESTOCK/FOWL
13560.0 0
18 i 36.80
9570. 18
7000.80
89147.
79.
'" '"34915."
25.
331664.
0.
10501276.
299.
12601532.
527.
0.
UNIT TOTALS
13560.00
13136.80
9570. 18
7000.80
89226.
34939.
331664.
10501575.
12602058.
0.
fa LANl) ( 133.3)
LIVESTOCK/FOWL
UNIT TOTALS
17599.00
17599.00
112815.50
112815.50
" 41014.65
41014.65
8498.72" "
8498.72"
167014.
71.
167084.
89419.
22.
89441.
" 1137535.
0.
1137535.
12748199.
263.
12748466.
15297849.
473.
1529S321.
0.
0.
V LAND ( 10 0.1)
LIVESTOCK/FOWL
UNIT TOTALS
10010.00
10010.00
137974.62
137974.62"
52657.58
52657.58
5061.Hb
50 61 .88
155931.
42.
155973.
98423.
13.
98436.
1383227.
0.
1383227.
7592863.
161.
7593024.
9111438.
283.
9111721.
0.
0.
. . .
STATE LAND
LIVESTOCK/FOWL
79634.00"
43280 0.12
180570.50
40119.27
762319."
365.
401241.
114.
"'""5043757."
0.
"60179232.
1384.
72215120. '
2434.
0.
GEORGIA TOTALS
79634.00
432800.12
180570.50
40119.27
762684.
401355.
5043757.
60 180640.
72217536.
0.
AREA LAND
LIVESTOCK/FOWL
GRANO TOTALS
79634.00
79634.00
43280 0.12
432800.12
180570.50
180570.50" "
" 40119.27"
40119.27"
762319.
365.
762684.
401241.
. 114..
401355.
"5043757.
0.
5043757.
60179232.
. .... 1384.
60180640.
72215120.
2434.
72217536.
0.
0.
-------
NOTE - PtMOVE ALL CJRUS iV I J h » IN COL .uO ®
this is c l a p k e coumy. g-.. e^iihit tc2 p.put data »ooo«oooo»doo»»«o»
I oo | 10 I 2C I 30 I 4 0 I SO I 6 0 I 70 «
1 234 56 79 90 12 34 56 78 90 123456 78 9 01 234b&78901 2 34b67o901 23<.bo7 890 1234 56 7cW01234S6 789"
CLA^XF. CUUNTf. GEOKGIA
exhibit tc?.
total 4«EA ANNUAL EROSION and CONTRIBUTION OF SEDIMENT {, CONTAM
IMANT5 TO water fcODItS
EACH UNIT Has A DIFFERENT LAND TYPE AND SLOPE % COMBINATION.
UNITS HAVE 3 SOIL TYPES ( K = . 1 . . 25. . 3b) f. 4 SLOPE KA'.&ES 14 = 0-2. 2-6 . 6- 15, 15-25)
PERIOD C«RO 01 12 3451427 0 1 111
STATE CARD
13 GEORGIA
09
All
05 2136
M2
100 0.10
413
1.0 .99
A 14
26 .08 20
.01
34 .
005 19 .01
1 1.0
Alb
26 .50 20
1.0
34
1.0 19 1.0
1 1.3
A16
4039 .1
.00
1.25
0.0 0.0 4039
AI 7
116
14 14
2570
0
32100
Aid
5000 .5
.14
.66
75.0 90.0
A19
A21
05 209
A22
100 0.10
A23
4.0 2.0
A24
26 .08 20
.0 1
34 .
005 19 .01
1 1.0
A25
26 .50 20
1.0
34
1.0 19 1.0
1 1.3
A26
4039 .1
.08
1.25
0.0 0.0 4039
A27
2
0 0
43
0
540
A28
5000 .5
.14
.66
75.0 90.0
629
321
05 4010
322
100 0.26
323
4.0 2.0
324
26 .08 20
.01
34 .
005 19 .01
1 1.0
325
26 .50 20
1.0
34
1.0 19 1.0
1 1.3
326
4039 .1
• 08
1.25
0.0 0.0 4039
-127
225
29 29
4731
0
61595
328
500 0 .5
. 14
.66
75.0 90.0
B29
431
05 18165
332
100 0.26
333
11.0 4.0
334
26 .06 20
.01
34 .
005 19 .01
1 1.0
335
26 .50 20
1.0
34
1.0 19 1.0
1 1.3
336
4 0 3V- .1
.08 .
.1..2S,
0.0- - 0.0.-/(039
337
980
119 120
'21900
0
274000
338
5000 .5
.14
.66
75.0 90.0
339
341
05 87b5
¦<42
100 0.26
143
20.0 b.O
344
26 .08 20
.01
34 .
,G05 19 .01
1 1.0
<45
26 .50 20
1.0
34
1.0 19 1.0
1 1.3
-i46
4039 .1
.C8
1.25
0.0 0.0 4039
<47
477
58 5b
10500
0
132000
?48
5000 .5
.14
• 66
75.0 90.0
>4 9
:i l
05 5180
:12
100 0.36
:i3
1.0 .99
:i4
26 .08 20
.01
34 .
005 19 .01
1 1.0
:I5
26 .50 20
1.0
34
1.0 19 1.0
1 1.3
:i6
4039 .1
.08
1.25
0.0 0.0 4039
:i 7
282
34 3-
6210
0
78000
:i8
5000 .5
.14
.66
75.0 90.0
.19
:21
05 13560
:22
100 0.3b
:23
4.0 2.0
:24
26 .08 20
.01
34 .
005 19 .01
1 1.0
:25
2b .50 20
1.0
34
1.0 19 1.0
1 1.3
26
4039 .1
.08
1.25
0.0 0.0 4039
.27
738
89 90
16300
0
204200
2S
5000 .5
.14
.66
75.0 90.0
29
31
Ob 17599
32
100 0.36
33
11.0 4.0
34
26 .Ob 20
.01
34 .
005 19 .01
1 1.0
35
26 .50 20
1 .0
34
1.0 19 1.0
1 1.3
36
4039 .1
.OH
1 .25
0.0 0.0 4039
37
9o7
115 lib
21 IbO
0
265000
38
5000 .b
.14
• 66
75.0 90.0
39
41
05 10010
42
1U0 0.3o
43
20.0 b.O
<4 4
2b .08 20
.0 I
34 .
005 19 .01
1 1.0
4 S
26 ,5'J 20
1.0
34
1.0 19 1.0
1 1.3
M 6
4039 .1
.08
1 .25
0.0 0.0 4039
47
5 4 b
66 67
1
2200
0
152000
-8
bOOu .
. 14
• 6b
75.0 90.0
4'}
7-/+b
-------
T
1
5
S
10
11
12
13.
17
13.
19
21
22
2_3
24
25.
26
22.
28
29.
31
33.
34
3_6_
37
38
39
40_
42
44
45
46.
47
4_8_
50
5J_
54
55
OF STATE DATA
22 24 23 24 23 23 23 23 23 325 300 350 350 375 375 500 4SQ 600
18 18 22 18 22 22 9 22 22 275 275 275 325 325 325 365 365 365
33 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 175 150 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
30 0000000 0 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ' 0
30 00000000 150 00000000
23 25 25 29 25 0 0 0 0 600 550 450 450 500 0 0 0 0
PA ?4 24 24 26 26 26 26 29 300 275 275 325 275 275 375 375 400
14 14 14 16 16 16 16 19 19 175 160 165 190 185 175 200 225 220
15 15_15 16 16 16 19 19 16 165 160 150 180 175 160 220 185 180
2 2 12 2 13 14 13 13 14 150 155 165 155 160 175 170 175 180
20 20 1 9 20 20 20 19 19 20 180 175 24Q 200 225 150 250 200 180
9 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 23 400 400 400 525 525 525 600 600 600
32 32 32 32 0 0 0 0 0 75 75 100 100 0 0 0 0 0
30 30 30 30 0 0 0 0 0 125 20 0 20 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
32 33 33 OOOOQO 14Q 125 135 0 0 0 0 0_ 0
12 12 12 15 15 15 15 15 15 85 80 75 75 75 90 80 125 115
_1 1__J 1 1 1 12 12 12 75 80 85 100 1 15 120 120 135 145
22 22 22 22 22 23 22 23 23 325 325 350 350 390 400 500 550 600 c;
13. 16 16 16 16 16 18 18 19 200 200 200 220 215 215 245 240 240
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 13 60 85 125 75 100 140 100 125 150 i>
32 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10.0_120 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
30 30 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 75 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 85 85 100 100 90 85 95 130 150
28 28 28 29 21 28 28 29 29 225 225 275 350 225 250 270 350 400
_J 1 1 1 1 .1 1 1 1 5 0__50 60 50 55 65 50 60 75
16 16 17 16 16 17 16 16 20 125 125 125 150 140 150 165 150 150
645445 4 55 120 175 2.55 175 225 290 190 260 320
17 30 30 17 30 30 17 30 30 115 100 115 120 120 150 125 125 155
33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 150 OOOOOOOQ
28 27 27 27 27 27 29 29 29 300 250 250 275 275 300 375 350 340
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 50 65 85 50 65 85 60 75 100
19 22 22 22 21 22 22 22 21 250 215 210 180 150 300 250 240 225
710 11 71011 7 10 11 125 250 400 120 225 375 90 160 250
32 32 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 85 100 125 0 0 0 0 0 0
30 30 30 30 28 28 28 30 30 175 155 165 220 150 150 185 210 250
17 17 17 17 30 17 17 17 17 150 150 150 140 125 150 150 150 150
1 12 12 12 12 14 14 14 14 1 10 100 90 150 125 95 165 140 115
-------
TABLE OF PERIOD FACTORS
f
U 0,0 OoO 0.0 0.01 0.03 0. 1 1 0.37 0.63 0.89 0.97 1,00 1 .00 IcOQ
2. 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.18 0.42 0.67 0.85 0.95 0.99 1.00 1.00
3^ 0 .0 0.0 0 .0 1 0 o 0 2 0.06 0.22 0.52 0 .69 0.85 0.93 0.98 1.00 1.00
4. 0.0 0.01 0 o 0 3 0.05 0. 12 0.27 0.47 0.62 0.75 0.89 0.97 0.99 1 .00
So 0.0 0.02 0.04 0.09 0.21 0.37 0.53 0.64 0.73 0.87 0 .94 0.98 1.00
6. 0o0 0.0 0.0 0.02 0.07 0.27 0.45 0.60 0.74 0.87 0.98 1.00 1.00
7_a 0.0 0.01 0.03 0.06 0. 13 0.40 0a56 0.67 0.75 0.85 0.98 0.99 1,00
8. 0.0 0.02 0.07 0.14 0.27 0.47 0.60 0.67 0.77 0.85 0.92 0.98 1.00
9. 0.0 0.04 0.09 0.17 0.28 0.42 0.54 0.62 0.69 0.77 0.85 0.93 1.00
0. 0.0 0.02 0.06 0.12 0.21 0.39 0.52 0.61 0.70 0,82 0.91 0.96 1.00
K 0.0 0.03 0 .07 0. 10 0. 17 0. 34 0.45 0.56 0.68 0.79 0.89 0,96 1 .00
2o 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.02 0.05 0. 15 0.38 0.62 0.85 0 .95 0.98 0~.99 1.00
.3. 0.0 0.0 0.01 0.03 0.07 0. 18 0.47 0.65 0.81 0.93 0.98 0.99 1.00
4. 0.0 0.0 0.0 2 0.0 5 0.10 0.20 0.38 0.62 0.79 0.90 0.96 0.98 1.00
5_» 0.0 0.01 0.02 0.05 0. 1 1 0.22 0.40 0.60 0.79 0.90 0.95 0.98 1 .00
6. 0.0 0.01 0.04 0.08 0. 14 0~.25 0.44 0«64 0.78 0.88 0.94 0.98 1.00
7o 0.0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0. 10 0. 19 0.39 0.62 0.82 0.91 0.95 0.98 1.00
8. 0.0 0.03 0.06 0. 1 1 0.20 0.34 0.50 0.63 0.74 0.83 0.92 0.97 1 .00 ,0-
9. 0.0 0.03 0.09 0.16 0.25 0.37 0.50 0.63 0.77 0.83 0.90 0.95 1.00 -f
0. 0.0 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.19 0.26 0»40 0.62 0.80 0.88 0.92 0.95 1.00
K 0_. 0 0.07 0, 13 0. 19 0.26 0.33 0.47 0.68 0.80 0.86 Q.9Q 0.95 1.00
2. 0.0 0.0 7 0.13 0.22 0.33 0.44 0.55 0.67 0.74 0.81 0.86 0.93 1.00
3. 0.0 0.05 0 o 1 1 0. 18 0.27 0. 35 0.45 0.60 0.74 0.83 0.88 0 .93 1 .00
4. 0.0 0.06 0.13 0.20 0.2^ 0.37 0.51 0.68 0.80 0.86 0.92 0.97 1.00
5. 0.0 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.19 0.28 0.40 0.53 0.69 0.88 0.94 0.96 1.00
6. 0.0 0.04 0.09 0.16 0.25 0.36 0.4 T0.68 0.81 0 .87 0«9l 0.9b 1.00
7. 0.0 0.02 0.05 0.10 0.17 0.26 0.37 0.57 0.80 0.92 0.95 0.97 1.00
8. 0.0 0.03 0.07 0.12 0.17 0.24 0.35 0.b^"~0777 0.87 0.92 0.9 TL.0 0
9. 0.0 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.11 0.17 0.30 0.54 0./5 0.89 0.95 0.98 1.00
0. 0.0 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.10 0.19 0.35 0.55 0.75 0.85 0.92 0.97 1.00
K 0.0 0.01 0.02 0.04 Q.07 0. 17 0.32 0.55 0.77 0.88 0.94 0.98 1.00
2«. 0.0 0.02 0.03 0.06 0. 10 0. 17 0.32 0.52 0.68 0.80 0 .88 0.96 K00
3. 0.0 0.02 0.06 0.11 0.15 0.20 0.32 0.46 0.64 0.77 0.85 0.94 1.00
-------
A8LE OF RANDOM NUNflJERS - READ DOWN COL BY COL - ZERO IS CONVERTED TO 100 FOR SUBSCRIPTING 100 VALUE TABLES
33 52 73 8 35 67 7n_31 79 51 bt 14 66 67 50 61 8b 93 8 27 52 39 72 28 23 28 52 70 67 99 55 94 8~13 22 16 35 92 25
93 40 37 96 64 4 44* 6 65 20 29 12 66 50 35 44 69 52 49 00 42 10 79 8 39 63 8 69 28 66 15 83 60 89 87 22 67 10 43 32
~2\ 79 34 87"94 64 84 52 26 28 23 28 52 70 67 99 55 94 8 13 22 16 35 92 25 2 3 25 70 28 76 53 95 93 8 9~Ya 87 66 49~~54
18 13 62 84 70 26 8 79 70 39 63 8 69 28 66 15 83 60 89 87 22 67 10 43 32 55 0 46 64 36 69 27 13 93 71 0_ _ 2 18 74 36
"65 7 14 83 79 60 96 17 95 25 2 3 25 70 28 76 53 95 93 89 78 87 66 49 64 98 0 30 60 86 47 10 12 71 10 16 67 90 31 42
65 43 73 75 2 28 22 47 38 32 55 0 46 64 36 69 27 13 93 71 0 2 18 74 36 65 80 51 34 13 61 92 86 64 2 50 30 56 I 43
33 15 65 44 55 98 86 3 3 64 93 0 30 bO 86 47 10 12 71 10 16 67 90 31 42 52 34 44 39 44 65 58 78 66 21 24 1 39 26 /4
84 42 8 5? 97 27 12 44 54 36 65 80 51 34 13 61 92 66 64 2 50 30 56 1 48 90 52 80 3 93 56 97 21 [__2S 2__50 o7 10 S1
"81 75 28 43~81 99 84 39 85 42 52 84 44 39 44 65 58 76 66 21 24 1 39 26 74 67 15 91 71 51 52 42 12 93 44 93 "21 56 64 12
26 18 14 10 11 81 63 22 17 48 90 52 80 3 93 56 97 21 1 26 2 50 87 10 81 83 99 80 1 75 11 49 61 94 3 51 66 14 66_67
54 58 28 34 82 37 30 0 26 74 67 15 91 71 51 52 42 12 93 44 93 21 56 64 12 40 99 42 46 21 60 38 98 19 16 20 29 12 66 50
84 48 97 72 24 41 21 79 10 81 83 99 80 1 75 1 1 49 61 94 3 51 66 14 66 67 50 61 90 85 93 8 27 52 39 72 28 23 28 52 70
69 8l 7 39 22 7 5 65 37 64 12 4 0 99 42 48 21 60 38 98 19 16 20 29 12 6b 50 35 44 69 52 49 80 42 10 T9 S~~39 63 fi 6^
14 92 15 9 62 43 42. 19 66 67 50 61 90 85 93 8 27 52 39 72 28 23 28 52 70 67 99 55 94 8 13 22 16 35 92 25 2 3 25 70
69 58 18 12 25 74 90 14 66 50 35 44 69 52 49 80 42 10 79 8 39 63 8 69 28 66 15 83 60 89 87 22 67 10 43 32 55 0 46 o*
66 28 .6 76 53 47 71 45 52 70 67 99 55 94 8 13 22 16 35 92 25 2 3 25 70 28 76 53 95 93 89 78 87 66 49 64_98_ __0_30_60
~5~3 8 34 55 20 33 24 56 69 28 66 15 83 60 89 87 22 67 10 43 32 55 0 46 64 36 69 27 13 93 71 0 2 18 74 36 65 80 51 34
11 77 99 37 44 37 66 95 25 70 28 76 53 95 93 89 78 87 66 49 64 98 0 30 60 86 47 10 12 71 10 16 67 90 31 42 52 84 44 39
79 40 43 88 71 20 48 26 46 64 36 69 27 13 93 71 0 2 18 74 36 65 80 51 34 13 61 92 86 64 T~E0 30 S5 P48 90 5*2 6"0 3
70 5 24 28 35 1 54 27 30 60 86 47 10 12 71 10 16 67 90 31 42 52 84 44 39 44 65 58 78 66 21 24 1 39 26 74 67 15 91 71
91 90_ 33 60 56 40 46 75 51 34 13 61 92 86 64 2 50 30 56 1 48 90 5? 80 3 93 56 97 21 1 26 2 50 87 10 81 83 99 80 1
97 15 40 78 76 71 71 94 44 39 44 65 58 78 66 21 24 1 39 26 74 67 15 91 71 51 52 42 12 93 44 93 21 56 64 12 40 99 42 48
1 32~58 6"95 PbI 6_H0 T~>93~56 97"_21 1 26 2 50 87 10 81 83 99 80 1 75 1 1 49 61 94 3 51 66 14 66 67 SO 6i 90 85
78 68 53 58 65 39 88 99 11 71 51 52 42 12 93 44' 93 21 56 fa4 12 40 99 42 48 21 60 38 98 19 16 20 29 12 66 50 35 44 _69_52
64 32 40 44 66 50 ~~97 92 80 1 75 1 1 49 61 94 3 51 66 14 66 67 50 61 90 85 93 8 27 52 39 72 28_2l 28 52 ?0 67 99 55 <54
28 7 95 3 12 85 57 1 1 42 48 ?1 60 38 98 19 16 20 29 12 66 50 35 44 69 52 49 80 42 10 79 3 39 63 8_69_28_66__15 83_60 _ _
88 4 5 22 36 3~4T~60~~> 3 90 85 93 3 27 52 39 72 28 23 28 52 70 67 99 55 94 8 "13~22 16 3b 5FTfS> 2 3" 25 70 28 16 53 9d
3 24 92 45 76 94 33 86 69 52 49 60 42 10 79 8 39 63 8 69 28 66 15 83 60 89 87 22 67 10 43 32 55 0 46 64 36 69 27 13 ^
"30 29 94 43 5 60 16 9~55~~94 8 13 22 16 35 92 25 2 3 25 70 28 76 53 95 93 89 73 87~66 49 64 9t) 0 30 6"0 06 47 10 ~12 fC
30 99 44 15 93 91 65 33 83 60 89 87 22 67 10 43 32 55 0 46 64 36 69 27 13 93 71 0 2 18 74 36 65 80 51 34 13 61 92 86
72 33 56 40 30 38 16 4 53 95 93 89 78 87 66 49 64 98 0 30 60 86 47 10 12 71 10 16 67 90 31 42 52 84 44 39 44 feS 58 78
2 56 76 6 85 52 47 76 27 13 93 71 0 2 18 74 36 65 80 51 34 13 61 92 86 64 2 50 30 56 1 48 90 52 80 3 93 56 97 21
"39 5 I~8 \ 7 78 14 71 20 10 12 71 10 16 67 90 31 42 52 84 4-t 39 44 65 58 78 66 2) 24 1 39 26 74 67 Is 91 /~1 Si 52 42 12
61 58 72 54 68 80 34 78 92 86 64 2 50 30 56 1 48 90 52 80 3 93 56 97 21 1 26 2 50 87 10 81 83 99 80 1 75 II 49 61
"96 7 52 38 1~7 98 30 92 58 78 66 21 24 1 39 26 74 67 15 91 71 51 52 42 12 93 44 93 21 56 64 12 40 99 42 48 21 60 38 93
41 75 7] 61 26 57 63 55 97 21 1 26 2 50 87 10 81 83 99 80 1 75 II 49 61 94 3 51 66 14 66 67 50 61 90 85 93 6 27 52
~1\ 58 20 20 6 28 62 40 42 12 93 44 93 21 56 64 12 40 99 42 48 21 60 38 98 19 16 20 29 12 66 50 35 44 69 52 49 80 42 10
68 59 31 54 87 49 32 79 49 61 94 3 51 66 14 66 67 50 61 90 85 93 8 27 52 39 72 28 23 28 52 70 67 99 55 94 8 13 22 16
im~6 33 37 36 69 76 49 38 98 19 16 20 29 12 66 50 35 44 69 52 49 80 42 10 79 8 39 6J a 69 28 66 15 83 60 89 87 22~T>7
67 65 38 73 7 73 48 12 27 52 39 72 26 23 2H 52 70 67 99 55 94 8 13 22 16 35 92 25 2 3 25 70 28 76 5j) 95 93 89 73 87
87 46 5 3 26 83 51 88 42 10 7"9 8~39~"63 8 69 28 66 15 83 60 89 b7 22 67 10 43 32 55 0 46 64 36 69 27 13 93 71 0 2
42 43 27 0 71 6 89 64 22 16 35 92 25 2 3 25 70 28 76 53 95 93 89 78 87 66 49 64 98 0 30 60 86 47 10 12 71 10 16 67
86 44 88 77 40 66_87 70 22 67 10 43 32 55 0 46 64 36 69 27 13 93 71 0 2 18 74 36 65 80 51 34 13 6) 5F~86 64 2 50 30
33 16 38 27 44 44 90 83 78 87 66 49 64 98 0 30 60 86 47 10 12 71 10 16 67 90 31 42 52 84 44 39 44 65 58 78 66 21 24 1
"72 94~2Q 48 49 49 28 41 o 2 18 74 36 65 80 51 34 13 61 92 86 64 2 50 30 56 1 48 90 52 80 3 93 56 97 21 1 26 2 50
84 89 8 48 50 6 87 93 16 67 90 31 42 52 84 44 39 44 65 58 78 66 2'l 24 1 39 26 74 67 15 91 71 51 52 42 12 93 44 93 21
~15~~47~37 42 _83 42 98 6~50 30 56 1 48 90 52 80 3 93 56 97" 21 1 26 2 50 87 10 81 83 99 80 1 75 11 49 61 94 3 51 66
87 38 3e> 89 5 94 90 93 24 1 39 26 74 67 15 91 71 51 52 42 12 93 44 93 21 56 64 12 40 99 42 48 21 60 3a 9B 19 16 20 29
20 96 7d 25 30 46 18 41 2 50 87 10 81 83 99 80 1 75 11 49 bl 94 3 51 66 14 66 67 50 61 90 85 93 8 27 52 39 72 28 23
9 41 90 61 16 32 63 96 93 21 56 64 12 40 99 42 48 21 60 38 98 19 16 20 29 12 66 50 35 44 69 52 49 80 42 10 79 8 39 63 _____ _____
-------
FABLE OF LS FACTORS FOR PKORABLE SLOPE * 6. SLOPE LENGTH COMBINATIONS
SI OPF FT.> > 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 lQQ 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 £70 2S0 290 300
-0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ft.O 0,0 0.1 0.1 O.I 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 O.I 0.1 O.I O.I O.I 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0,1
2 ASLOPE 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3
3 ftsl flPF 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 0 .3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4. 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0 .5 0.5
4 ASLOPE 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0,4 0.4 0.4 O.b 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7
5 9, SI OPF 0.. 1_Q. ? 0.3 0.3 0„3 0.4 0.4 O.b 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 O.B 0.8 0.9 0 .9 0. 9 0 .9_0.9_ 1_. 0_1 .0 _K_0
6 %SLOPE 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3
7 *Sl OPF Q_..2_Q_«_3 Q . 4 0_e 5 0 .6 0.6 0.7 0.7 0 „ 8 0 .8 0 .9 0.9 1 .0 1 .0 1 . 1 1 . 1 1. 1 1.2 1 .2 1 .3 1 .3 1 .3 1.4 1 .4 1 „4J,5_1 .51 . 6_ 1 .6_U 6
8 *SLOPE 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.6 1,6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.3 1.9 1.9 1.9
9 *SI OPF 0.3 0.5 0.6 0. 7 O.B 0.9 1 .0 1 .0 1 . 1 1 .2 1 .3 1.3 1 .4 1 .5 1 .5 1 .6 1 .6 1 .7 1.7 1.8 1 .9 1 .9 2.0 2.0 2. 1 2. 1 2.2_2_._2_2 JJ_L3
.0 ASLOPE 0 .3 0.5 0 .7 0 .8 0 .9 1 .0 1 . 1 1 .2 1 .3 1 .4 1 .5 1 .5 1 .6 1.7 1 .8 1 .8 1.9 2.0 2.0 2. 1 2. 1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5" 2.6" 2". 6 2.7
.1 ,_^SL0P_E 0.4 0 .6 0 .8 0 9 1 .0 1 .2 1.3 1.4 1 .5 1.6 1 .7 1 .8 1.8 1 .9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.7 2 - 7 2.8 2.9_2. 9_ 3 . 0 3,0
.2 %Sl.OPE 0.4 0 .7 0 .9 1 .0 1 .2 1 .3 1 .4 1 .6 1 .7 1 .8 1 .9 2.0 2. 1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.9 3.0 3. 1 3.2"3.2 3~.~3 3„4~3.4
. 3 tSI.OPE 0.5 0.8 1 .0_L. I _1.3 1 .5 1 .6 1 .7 1 .9 2.0 2. 1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 _3^6_3.7 3.8 3.8
,4 ASLOPE 0.6 0.8 1 . 1 1 .3 1 .5 1.6 1 .8 1.9 2. 1 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3. 1 3,2 3.3 3.4 3,5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 ~4. l" 4~. 2 4.~3
5 %SI OPF 06 0 .9 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5_4.6_4_._7
6 %SLOPE 0.7 1.0 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 S.'o 5.1
7 %SI-QPF 0.7 1 . 1 1 .4 1 .7 1 .9 2. 1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3. 1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.8_4.0 4 „ 1 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.0 5. 1_5.3_ 5.4 _5 ._5_5»6
8 ASLOPE 0.8 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 6.1
9 ASLOPE O.P 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.2 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4.0 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.3 5.4 5.6 5.7 5.9 6.0 6.1 6. 3_6. _4_6.5
»0 ASLOPE 0.9 1.4 1.8 2. 1 2.4 2.7 2.9 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 4. 1 4.3 4.4 4.6 4.8 5.0 5.2 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.8 6.0 6. 1 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.7 6.9 7.0
-------
««PROB.TBLS.4>»STATE = 13 UN I T =
1 UNIT AC . =
2136.00 PLOT SZ. AC.=
46.4 N-<»>= 0,10 P-(%)= 0.09 K-(5b> = 1.25
B0D% = OoO T0C%= 0.0 SE O.MiG.%= 40.00 \f--»
Ej _E.A.C.TQSS..1 SEF)
SI OPF 9WSI P)
SLOPE LGIhUtSLL)
0.100
_.0.„.Q
0.0
0.0
AVG = 1.000
_GE^ = H.990
0 * = 0.0
CROPPING MGT.(CM) EROSION CTL.(EC)
AVG= 140. 26 $ = 0.080
_DEV= 93. 20 %= 0.010
34 %= 0.005
19 %= 0.010
1 %- 1.000
26 %= 0.500
20 %= 1.000_
34 %= 1.00 0
19 %= 1.000
1.300
1 %-
_Sf.Da._OE Li. .15 m.
AVG. % =
DEV =
h>0 • 0 0
39.00
# FACTOR
rt FACTOR
#
PCT.
PCT.
n
FEET
t>
FEET
ft FACTOR
It FACTOR
#
PCT.
u
PCT.
U FACTOR
tl FACTOR
10. 1000
510. 1000
i
0.01
51
1.00
1
47.
51
140.
10.0800
510.0050
1
0.50
51
1.00
10.0100
510.4000
20.1000 520.1000
?
0.03
52
1.02
2
49.
52
142.
20.0800
520.0050
2
0.50
52
1.00
20.0178
520.4078
30. 1000
530 . 1000
3
0.05
53
1.04
3
50.
53
144 ,
30.0800
530.0050
3
0.50
53
1.00
30.0256
530.4 156
40.1OOO
540 . 10JJQ
4
0.07
54
1.06
4
52.
54
146 5
40.0800 540.0050
4
0,5H_
54
1.00
40.0 334
540.4234
50. 1000
550 . 1000
5
0.09
55
1.08
5
54.
55
148.
50.0800
550.0050
5
0.50
55
1.00
50.0412
550.4312
60 .10 0 0
560j 100.0
6
o. n
56
1.10
6
56.
56
149.
60.0800
560.0050
6
0.50
56
1,00
60.0490
560.4390
70.i 0 0 0
570.1000
7
0.13
57
1.12
7
58.
57
151.
7 0.0800
570.0050
7
0.50
57
1.00
70 „0568
570.4463
80 . 10 0 0
580 , 1000
H
0.15
58
1 .14
8
60.
58
153.
80.0 80 0
580.0050
8
0,50
58
1.00
80 »0 64 6
580.4546
90 . 1 000
590 . 1000
9
0 . 17
59
1.16
9
62.
59
155.
90.0800
590.0050
9
0 .50
59
1.00
90.0 724
590.4624
100.1000
600. 1 ono
1 0
0 . 1 9
60
1.18
10
64 .
60
157,
100.0 800
600.0050
10
0.50
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140.0800
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640 .50 14
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650.5092
160„ 1 000
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190. 1000
690.1000
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200 . 1000
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450.3532
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460.3610
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470.1000
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500.0050
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500.3922
TOO.7822
-------
DETAIL CALCULATIONS FOR EACH SMALL PLOT
R-EROSION TNIJEX UNITS ( I RE) = ?7S. EI-NO. = 26
K-SOJ L"ERODIB IL IT Y R~NO = 93 (VK) = 0.1000
SLOPE9L_RNO= IB SLOPE %= 0.35 LGTH RNO = 21 LGTH= 84. LS= 0.01
C-CROPPING MGT. RNO = 65 VC = 0.0050
P-EROSI ON CONTROL RNO = 65 VP - 1.00
SED. RNO = 65 SED. YIELD FACT0R = 0.50920 SED. YIELD TONS = 0.03644
NO.OF PLOTS = 46 ACPES/PLOT = 46.43 PERIOD = 1 TO 12 UNLESS SINGLE STORM INDICATED
PERIOD FACTOR = 1.00 TONS/ACRE = 0.00 ACCUMULATED TONS FOR SEG.& PERIOD = 0.07
R-EROS I ON INDEX UNITS (IRF) = 275. EI-NO. = 26
K-SOIL ERODIBILITY RNO = 84 (VK) = 0.1000
SLOPFRN0 = 26 SLOPE %= 0.50 LGTH RNO = 81 LGTH= 1-/6. LS= 0.03
C-CROPPING MGT. RNO= 54 VC = 0.0050
P-EROSION CONTROL RNC = 54 VP = I .00
SED. R N 0 = 84 SED. YIELD FACTOR- 0.65740 SED. YIELD TONS= 0 . 13248
NO.OF PLOTS = 46 ACRES/PLOT = 46.43 PERIOD = 1 TO 12 UNLESS SINGLE STORM INDICATED
PERIOD FACTOR = 1.00 TONS/ACRE = 0.00 ACCUMULATED TONS FOR SE6.S. PERIOD = 0.20
R-EROSION INDEX UNITS ( I RF) - 275. EI-NO. = 26
K-SOIL ERODIBILITY RNO= 14 (VK) = 0.1000
SLOPED RN0 = 66 SLOPE %= 1.30 LGTH RNO = 69 LGTH= 174. LS = 0.1 I
C-CROPPING MGT. R N 0 = 53 VC = 0.00S0
P-EROSION CONTROL RNO= 53 VP = 1.00
SEU."RNO= 11 SED. YIELD FACTOR= 0.00800 SED. YIELD TONS= 0.06176 ^
NO.OF plots = 46 ACRES/PLOT = 46.43 PERIOD = 1 TO 12 UNLESS SINGLE STORM INDICATED „;f
PERIOD FACTOR = 1.00 TONS/ACRE = 0.02 ACCUMULATED TONS FOR SEG.S, PERIOD = 0.70 £
RjJ.ROSION INDEX UNITS (IRF) = 275. EI-NO. = 26
K-SOIL ERODIBILITY RNO = 70 (VK) - 0.1000
SLOPES HNO = 97 SLOPE %= 1.91 LGTH RNO = 91 LGTH = 215. LS= 0.21
C-CROPPING MGT. PNO = 1 VC = O.OBOO
P-EPOS I ON CONTROL RNO= 1 VP = 0 . 50
SED. RNO= 78 SED. YIELD FACTOR= 0.61060 SED. YIELD TOMS = 6.69807
no.of plots = 46 acres/plot = 46.43 period = 1 to 12 unless single storm indicated
PERIOD FACTOR = 1.00 TONS/ACRE = 0.24 ACCUMULATED TONS FOR SEG.& PERIOD = 10.97
R-EROSION INDEX UNITS ( IRF) = ?75. EI-NO. = 26
K-SOIL ERODIblLITY RNO= 28 (VK) = 0.1000
SLOPED RM0= 3 SI.OPF %= 0.05 LGTh RNO = 88 LGTH= 209. LS= 0.00
C-CROPPING MG F. RNO = 30 VC = 0.0100
P-EROSION CONTROL RNO = 30 VP = 1.00
SED. RNO = 30 SED. YIELD FACTOR= 0.23620 SED. YIELD TONS= 0.00384
NO.OF PLOTS = 46 ACRES/PLOT = ^6.43 PERIOD = 1 TO 12 UNLESS SINGLE STORM INDICATED
PERIOD FACTOR = 1.00 TONS/ACRE = U.00 ACCUMULATED TONS FOR SEG.5. PERIOD = 0.02
R-EROSION INDEX UNITS ( IRF) = 275. EI-NO. = 26
K-SOIL ERODIBILITY «NO = 2 (VK) = 0.1000
SLOPE?) RNO = 61 SLOPE »= 1.20 LGTH RNO = 39 LGTH= 118. LS= 0.08
C-CROPP I i\'fj MGT. RNO= 96 VC = 0.0100
P-EROSION CONTROL RNO= 9*S VP = 1.00
SED. RNO = 41 SED. YIELD FACTORS 0.32^00 SED. YIELD TONS= OT3201J
NO.OF PLOTS = 46 ACRES/PLOT = 46.43 PERIOD = 1 TO 12 UNLESS SINGLE STORM INDICATED
PERIOD FACTOR = 1.00 TONS/ACRE = 0.02 ACCUMULATED TONS FOR SE6„f. PERIOD = 0.99
-------
SOIL 6UUVUT
TaUi.h I.—A]>prozimcte acreage and ¦proportionate cjlcnt oj the sois
Cw'r-o County
Oiotico Coiioty
Acres
coirnr glint) loiijj, 2 I f) 0 }>er Ct;n » *1opr.!-, rrcnictl
/ |',ilin ^ rnir.<¦ >¦ mi W Icji in. (i t o 10 peri onl MopoJ, pruned _ .
Ai'i'l'iiL Jiimh cl») fi'im, 1> to 10 pcrci'hi elopr., 6cvc.i\'l> uroded..
• In ,ni, X i'> I- inf 1.1 i.l h. <
• >llt I \ Sill I 4 Hill Mil .111 I, III'I _
r. ' •.n.U ,iii<) \iluv) J I.jih)
-•in mihI)1 In im, J in li ;•< rem I cro'lnl
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-•i i cl 1" mi, r. io 'lci.t m r< iv n r>fi. tj
i 11«' m\ • ni'l, t>> 11» ppr< mi ¦ iitfir-i _ .
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I'\i!|.iuiti£ innn:<' each iitn|»fiinjr unir, )/"/ t;i j',j ;< id lie 'I !>:• <¦) niixj! thf.t {In- N.,«np;.i^
Dim i...^->'5 .!('l.ii!i-u v/ji in)|> "J'Jitr r ij>.jJi;v' inoJ, uoot)-
l,i11.1 ETi iHi| >. .hi^ il.i n t<: m oi.|i r; v. in. h l lit- j.i;i iij-n:^ unit
li'ij. j.l icni, uml Uin ji.tjis ot A.lnoh oiicli oi tin>>j
jjioiiinm:^ dr^.nln'tK c.tn bo to tlio
"i Mn«ln io Mapping Uiius" at tho Lack of tliis curvoy
Allnviul r,:tnj
AJ'll.fl) ),I15»1 is,| ]';\ i'l ll:|[i"r)l'Un'Oi:s f) [V3
Coiivi-'< h:c nf ff'ilinirnlH iii'p'i-'.!o.| !¦}' v,alii/ o:i
lli«* llwfiil jU'im^of It r, v.bjtv.t U> \ .tithilt ml cn-
hiiHN n f jlyoilin^ 1''icm tin- Mirf:uv iUav n\\ t)io 5C«li-
uifiui \rxrv f.nvnll) ju Uuckiic^1', ci>K»r, ami loxluro. In-
(om ii «li ;iuu;v i ui^m.s fmi.'i ^.x.il .o piinr.
AHuvinl !anj is tint iik.jijkU fi'imr.iUilv in (h.s siinr.y
fttc.i hut 13 mapped in uniIifi,oi'vjntn<(x{ units wicK
Chof.:uj)a, Conjjarv*-;, and lVo?jao toils It iii doecribod
irv rnoic fitful iin.li'r nr.rt|i])in^ units of tho Cl.c^acia,
CJtinpisi'r, nn.l W'rli.i.lki o s^jirA
Appiinff Scries
'Plui A ioh couMyti* of u fill (ii Koil'; on up *
laiuls -soils lir..o icmnoil over v.rr.il'.on'-1. i.al
tin tvcct fi (.m ^n.nito aiul p .u.iio-pnoiss, in innnj plivcoa
nr,uli scmcv mat'ji.il front n.irn e^l.i.st. 'i liu ^'.ynca
r.ui£u fiom 2 lo 10 pciccnl. but aro mObll> bctv, u-n o .mvl 7
•p^i-cO'tl.
In iii.my ureas no cio?.on or onl) n;oJcr.\Jo cr«>-
e.nn ini l:iI;on pl.'Cc, t!io bin Tncc l.iror :s pa) is!i>brmv:i
conr^i snr.ily loam aboi,t -1 io I i indic.s UiiCu. Tlio
it, crnfially satjdy cky Innm io ilny or clay lonrn.
moit!»^ boglu at so:no t>voou 12 iwd_S0 mchcr.
EcJrocu is at a c^epth of 6 to 10 feet. Tho proulo oi tiiow
sotJij is strongly uciti th:t>ug;hoat.
claiucu ajs'd OvOnce coUN"*ii:3, cr:oncT\
Applioir v-ili n?o wmm^nly to Mudron. CociJ,
and l3.»'. l'liii'ii coJ?. Lr.t iIkv )ui\o a pic tloiniivuHh cnai vi
tt\' uj ril .fun lliaii iIt'll, of Uic M miiIc nr.ci
nil-ii-ili tlnn Ihy-i) of 'lu* Cvxit :nnl Divuhoii bo;Ki
Ongi.nll;,, t ho A ])pln,.,T <• ¦: 1 luul .i ca cv oi 1>iu .Most Oi" tlio iicii-a^ii h.is bivn cl< .nc forests of loblolly arnl sliori*
Jc-ii" pi .Pi, .\on, a J.»»jCtj put oi Iho ii'.if.i^'.t 15 in }ior3,
altboi-^.i joanj .no Mill ri/biv.iiftl or for pr.5-
Ur.«i CoMcn, corn, r.niill p'ini-, nr.cl li'^^fli'/a riivs <*on-
monlv \a Ibo li'-s n;crv> Tl.t' and
cixnlr-l tivcn-"; ajo coin'im.th' n^c.l lur p:\-iviic
Kepici-ontatno pio'ilo ol' Appling co-ar.-o scuuly l>>am,
2 to G poHc.^l slopiv, ci<-»U'd (ihico foul tli^of a m.lu f>ov:Lh
oi tl.o rnilro.ul sl.ilioii n( Farnnn^l nn anil lOf) yuula f.ast
of U S. Iti'rh'.'.a) No. 4-m, Ov'o'ico County)
A*^—U to u u)(ju>« cm l-'i V:>in ii (*J M' T'/Z, <-o itpc GniuJy li>am.
v.;"ii. It in', i mil u | nu I in i« . n fi t.il'Ic , riu.n. iuus
).!,(• r,'L.n, } IHHO.i' )»i'IJ ».J i; j
lilt—C tft !i I 11 11-, 1-11II.' : lifiu a (7 r,Ui r./i',) ' 0 I.i.i.n :
njivli i 11r«, iiii^Inini .mil in.Ufc ^iili hi^u iir Mit^Ky
f>.'rtit.mrv ¦ iriMU" ^ ^ii,u, .'lu!. r iiii{ m.n
inon, H i >J11.: wtiii liii.l.'il ) fioui iii<> Aji luc
rl. ii 11 t-irriul>' , J- 'i r 1 .noutli l«}¦ I'iro.
iii.ii, ,i fow r, n Mi. s mi [.>il f i.-«»s, mhii" Imu> i.ik.i
iJ22C—12 io :•,* Jmt.rt.V r-\u - uj -! i.v a U .v,
Iitic (IMii.ot, u rl (l''U l/i0 in.M.li'-1, Hii.ili',-ill,
ii.i'iliiiin Jii.il ooni-i' •- ill >nriil ir 1.1m J.f t-! i»• !rrr,
I'iriii , ii fin ((a. .ifi'is im ]».( fti'i., i. 'in 11 hi ii riuo
HuC.l lll)l..'N, ^l^u;lA.•)v 'JUil , (JlIJi,*.- « n> ,T).
BJ—25 ta ol. in. In b, jirn..,.ri. nil.- i.i..lil.',l risl (.I'll l/>.) tui'l
j i'IIom i>.li liri'W n 11 IJ \ »t r .nit' i,,,.|iuni m.. i
IIj'rv' - i ill fi a 1 ii.c11>. 1.1\ «'.iti f. Id-,i.ir;
r-(r..n„lj m..f; ili'ni r, , u.) ..riiii.Jiir)
O—.111 tl» t*^(li«'^, ,. JI ijli, .-h-).! >>u ;i iJ.njl '/*'!. !l> ?(
I rri nl, > 1111 -c. r. 11 ( Kill l/V) iiii'i! ti I uiiiua
"i I'Virlj wiiiii' I'l'iisjim , ii..iM n«, very fr ulilo; u/j-
htH'Jfi ItllCI
111 tw<' )<»-« fr'jtli'tl n r.'i« o/ U.r-ic m-i||« llir A hnrtnm r.inv. ¦»
from I t(i 11 liu Inin iJii.!,iii»h unl I rmii lir^n» or bj.'l>t \i I-
|tn'. i -h brov k |., *l i rW I'Tcr ,i il-u'l* ^i n\ i- li in on n, nr lt i \ isli
l/ri'i.fj ii Ct.ir 't lu- .ir ii if 11 * :i i nf 1 In* I n U
hi 11 • o «.i j,j\ ui'u'i i>i.l t ii.' 1 nl .irr j ju;, » j., . iiti)) i I.i) lr, n i
WilL'l, f I HI,I'll I.f III,.so '..nl, llll,- Wl, ,u|il-
i r.;..! i;.c anu c / ij< i i .i,% f i mi, |, i ,mii ^ i,i lM - i» uin.ut
¦i ill. IiC< ill !! Ir •.iiu> • lu Um-i.' in., • it ,„ u.t In .•/ 11.* A Jlnri/c.i
aro i ,. >1 I. 1\ ::li u, m . i :l fi.,111 thu lilt !.di t/Oii In uni.ij
out u;o pti-s^ .it iwitute l.^er ,rt >illi»„ W. lno^.i. oino cln;
'Hir lilt hcirl/.in rnii^c-- frp.n ^Jror^' l;rosvjj t mi K-i Tr, ui •-trcu^ iirow u (» yr'.lov itl. n ii la
(\']yr jiiiiJ jii.jii f >iu), i I./j or «'i/ r<» rl,,} >,.im In ti-vniro.
11.0/ ln\c or prC'tnl:IP;iL, n-,l, jilluu Iftli [>roWD, or
brow III jri!rm u.ri.llc- 1.1 JjC lovrt r part.
Tfli; f-fti.ii.i run^i'K iftui tt,o.ii 2. 5o [jicbc» In lilc^r-cnu,
Dcjk1v bar.l rut«. r;io0- » fry-u i; to lO f<.ez
Appling co,-ii.so s.Tiidy Jonra, 2 ro fi pcicciu slopes,
cicUvJ —This drop soil has t>.o pt-wlUo «icro,^'o, so v.uch ir.alcr:*}
bar. bcon rwiio, cJ by ciosiou tlict tiio plyw lnyoi uuw ixi-
t uiLo tho subcoil.
Tnclj^lcfl in fiosno .arrai ;r.i(ipcrl tnii fv-il rrc a .f\' ,r
sin '.II ni cos of a:\ .11 i'imIi'-I b.».l ;lir,i Irio r. . I k ! ''r » r. f .• u
layer A)-o j«-rr}J pi'ilori '».« :•< i<-
ib'iiio nic ,v fiiu '-j, 1 ii,m 1 ii-.,;:f,.l i,i"i-r.: : --^,1 1 1-
spo.s niul .•.ii"i', .* • m- . 1
l(.,iri In in l,i.r >-u \]\ .^(.li.-u-) .in i- n. :.r '(. - sn.l
M;.i!'ii ol IC.rl \:iI.-, I lu' piciiK' 1- I1J11U; k'olori.i (h:ii. t \ 1]
for A pptmjr f.oils
A j)plm;; 00.11 "osn'tdv lo no. 2 ww j/cnvni -"Iojk.- crvf f- if,
iii nlib In-. tJiici- ?*•'•. 1 I;
moiU" .lU'1! p,°;; if.Tido 'i :.i .1.!'IWo I'.'.U"- i-IJ.i/'Ji ;•
niow'Ji-HO b.it .sl.^'ji'.ly Joa».i tj.i.-j :] ;> <•'. ,.ii u: ¦ i- '•
A p/uii-* ro.l.
'I'lui -nil -,s well tum-'l u> '.nrii,.'^ I: vv>,| u,
I !' 1.5 I lit lit ;il.tl l«, M.ili >1 S. »" lUx.' t l'i l • "j' •
J''u! 11 ci Oi i.-m,' is i iiiuiii'i .iip i.r.' :: .i, ';i. i. • >t, . f ij-
ib ijn J for culln ,it(.>\ cr Iwi.i, r.i i- '] » ib-..,1 1. •-,t
il"i'p ^)-.i in mu..^ ol tin- i.^i.} ov» <-j on-., ,i- -> )
I liriL'-i III li.is S'ti'it I,'11 0.< '1 1\ i'l ..(i'jii t 1 t: -• Jib,-, p.r.. .
111,11 C\U litis .1,1 O 1110 i ib-ujl
in.-lntUti ,u ,-uinc .i.i i.iai/'.il t'.is .j.iI *in '¦....ill
air,is of ii vul t Ii.it Ii..* a t Iiiv'i..'r : 'ii I i'.«« I v 1.1* A'^> n
cli'.ic J i.t c '-iiiri!! g illi ,J sp<>:.^ UK-13 \ t,. 1 C 1.:« .. A \
sij.ibf'i ^.'liifs. .imI "i.,all :iivn? Of* :l r't.f ! :•> -t !
S»b-»/jl "I'lif* '•..j /,If r ),i '. 1 . !,• ¦!
ni l 5S is t i'(M i' i.-v 1.11r»v I - .ii'1 > 1. ]'!'<„
'1 11 in A-.nl 1-, in ;r*."\! t.I.1 t. 11 ), . 1 !'¦ - b . •» '
^.'Ik I 1- « "'""p ,,1KS 'l'b. j.:. • «i: •• n t •
i. s,'ll<.wi«lt.ln»«.i VI ,,'v .,!.U I'.'li. '..: -
In i: io"-1 ..lit — 1:. a ,iu ,,,.t 1,\ r.i'.i: •. ,i . ,m< .
ou^ui.il '.uiuv ',,u'! ,ud ,'v v...-k, •. 1- S ; i -I ..m
T'io sniisci 1 I - ,i 1 ij v cl y or < i,i \ . i.' t 'i i-s i.\-: .ji. 1 .1 1.:>,- •
incut, 3C.'luw;sb-H't] r.iul .vd iiii.iiis li, t';im i"'ico nnc/Jl it, Mpid, •;t;.I il-c Iv-.. n.) <¦' rft! !ht v.>»-
Sio!j is '•tivi'ii> j T I bis >o;l a ri.)f n. 1J0/1 n/'d jt -:',t In |.
'i'lUb j>!"*'.;• bccj.i^j oi .oo> co- imt uf 1 i.'.y jji iJ o
suri ".cii l.xj, er.
'i hi-. -,u.l l ii car. of k*,„W: •. d '*• ¦ i t
a n it i'uw ;„,i;;uo; ...o.m 0 »..) , I', s .-f 1 !;c.
sIo] IuW.i t!,,iti in i }i* . ... I'd
Appling .'f:iilv i.nf (if ibi> , 1 r 11 ^0 '• :'.i .- .fi
\ ol.lliUi'J U.UliW;, pnl.t,, P w: la I:.''.-. 01 c. lid . :i .
11J J o-
AMmjf s.uuly cbiy lorxni, 6 to IC f.ctur.t
hcvtNclj t:t fifJcd (AnCl; — Li0 .ion h'ts n "no\ < 1/: i-v, .if ii..-
on^'iiiit) >i«i i'jf c \v, ,tj i :.i- sod, tii"; i,; j, 1,: r,j• [« »•
11 of IL), • n]i mi 1 )),¦> ,i r: ia J 1 \ «• 1 't < > nl u. -;m 10 n
-------
50
601L SURVKT
Time
A long period of tuno is pr icrnlly voquiicnl for Hio
fonnnhon of u end Ihlloioncvs in I lie Vnclh of l.mn iho
pnicnt inutoi i:*l lin* boon in |dam nic i idlot-tod in the dinr-
nctoi i-,1 a s oT (In- .'•'jii 111 nltli', 'I In- miiK <>f (Iki i wii comities
r;inpo uidolj in 11o\o 1 iii'tic limi/mm.
\\ 111'i c I lir w,| | 11<,i |< 11:i| |,;is ln'i'ii in pi o c fi~ i -i loii^ ( nno,
(fii> • hi Is -ji'.iim 11J \ Ir.w mm o it ist i:iK ivdt l/nns I h.m u hoi o
tin; '•oil jn„li i i,i| Ims boon dopositrd in>n;lv Coul
•mil IXn id. on toi)i ,i r vimplo-. o f cms f Iumi fniniod timl mmcil dnun-
v a: 11 tn in otlui-o [u •!¦!;•< ms i hut :i i »> i .ditl i\ i I v bi^h in oon-
fcin of ij.r,. \ ten, o\ii « f! I ei.nn;:h <11 -oiiom ' h if. t hov h.i w :i i e I inn-
I ]> ll i "lit unm ) k,),)! < 11 11 mi. 11
C.i ft i .im, n
product-. b
liV'If ii'jrn
Jlntu Miiilio, Con^.uoo, :\T.d soils of tlm Mo.'i.]
lilnins nrc o\inijilc> of \ lump soil,. T h 01) ;i.in'iit
Ii i*• mil iircn in pt.'.rj- limir I'lioii^ii foi n ili-liin t j>i«tlilc In
ItlU' 1 v'l ifm m | u l ll* I ll' \ i 1<>J inw'ilt olluT
11i:\ri fl-ii lcoiiir.:' of I Iir snrf.nv W w r « i'ii nt^nnn* in.il let
M'U|\ I.f tin- soils of ui'lwi'l-, <»:i : 11"> liii.i.l, b.no
S( l nllL'fy '"Ollf r:iS( T11 IT tliH l/Oll- of 11l .\HCf f-V<|iU"IK Ul(]l-
intin^ ii-lalivo innhuitv.
(^j.issilicatiou of Soils
Soil < t; o c!us«. ificii .so I lint u o r.nt inoi r onsi[\ irinomljci"
flii'ii M;;nilir;int i Inn.n !oi i1-! ios ('(.i^ilir-ifion ^n.nliN-s vi<;
«o ,[-sm rnJifi' '•[¦(in Iri 'il-oiit I lie Mute, to s,-c (Ji,'ii* 11 f.i' ton-
sin |w m one n i',oi hei uml I o I i,i* ii lioif rnvn oi.iiion", to
iJi'ii'Jo^ j>; i))f >Jj]r- iJ>;jr in'Jp us u> umJi'j l in.J llh'ij hi'-
liMim 'i:n| tln-ir i o ;khiso k, uiii nipu I it ,<-ni 1''m si, t lir.u.^u
r)n-si|,r it inn. finil t lion tlin»njrl) nv«' of" in;| nii;i^. wc rin
npj'ly our knnulfilfri* of soils to sppoifir ,ino olhor
finds of Inncl.
Thusa, ui I'l issifirntion soil^ arc pi icoa in nrurov.* cato-
go, ii\-, i li'iL ;uc i.ii-il in ilcl.iiUiii toil s.n'v i \ s co tli.i I
cdiro nbouL Ibe soik c:tti bo oif;.ui:/o<] mill ajipicOd n
iniiiin^nifi fninis, liolil«r niul wooillntul?, in (k\eloping
ruril :u o.k; m pot fonnin^ <-n^inon i:i£j woi Ii; nncl in mruiy
oli.oi va\'5 'i imv 11 u- piinoil :n iuoni chs-.s to faciliLite
si in I \ mill I'oinpii i 'mii hi 1 u n 11 :t«;, sm h ns roniu i i^s mid
COMllJl.'tlis
Tw t> --v -I (:r.s iif i i ic-i f mii^ toils h.n * brc-u u*-v»l ".:i t ho
United M. Ifs in l ivcnt. ^ oiu'5 Tlni oldi'i' <=Wo~iT m.is
m'n'i'lfd in i'l 5^> (J) .K'd J.iluj K\ii-i ,dno Soil Siu\oy in 'J'lio cunont ^sicni is
undci runtimi.11 siud^ (j,7) 1 IumI'foii', loadoi =; intno.-Iod
j/i of (Jn-i ^sb'ru st-.iuli fha
liii I'.itnu .iv.iil.ibh
No\\ sriil mm ii<«; in n i b(\ r -,l 11») isbriJ. in.! ennerpis of <:a}jio
o.sl'ibitMii'd '-t no-, i sin ct:ill\ oMi'i oj.os i h .( ] .-m> b, -i i:si-«l
1 it; lo in i I'i'i'ii: vi \; of t bo s,'i .,»¦«, mm opt
ill. Si.if o. i i ^'lon.i I, niid i.,i{ lui.fll i-'vi 1= of i o^ionM in I \ to:
.SOll t | is-ih. it Ion M'-llIt 111 fl jlld/lIM .it t ll il t' io ».v *.i SVM ll'l
si i'i ii I • J !>r>, sf, !<]jsJj, ,J, A !) )>u I >>ur it: l J.i' si ii.nl lout.ilno stnl.is \\1imi ;Ko sitivoy i.rs ep;ic
I" lb,
In I ihli- 7 eo;r.p of t'ie rhrso-, m tin- cm mit si^iitn (7)
nu' trn on foi oudi v»i( ^,'iif^ 'i'lio, rl i^s, s m i[u* rnitcnt
S^sloni nlo biioflv dfiillt'd in tlio fnlh'w ni{_' |nl "j^i ipJlS
Too soil on)rr< :"«> nvfi^fii,n| in (bo c\>inn!
sis'im 'lb.) mil 11' i ils isob, Ini ^ jil is,,N( \nibsi,ls,
^J..i;i-,-.;cI \ll,s,,*-, Jill im.'.s nrtd llisl.,-
sols I i io iif'j'Hl n > n''M In d i Hu oni .H o ibo -"il "ivitin.ai""i In ih"'0 ;0ils tr.o
b.iso i.il ui a! ion docionscs i\!th ttici fixsinp; dtpth.
TaiiI/T: 7 —CViw/iViifi-d of toil svnfS tn Olarlc and Oconee Countirs, Ca
Srrin
ruiiily
niit'^roup
Order
Jli.ni .-ii.'iite
Online
I'onVri""!"."!
|,f.i 11*
( Ini-i, l> .iilmilic, llirrinic ...... ........
il,-r .1 <•
1 infslooai, n,i\i tl, MiirmiC1
1 Mic-loinij, iii]xi *i, (Jirtinif ...
1 in(--)'i uiii itiixiti, ii'i ini'iil, ihrr.nic.. ...
(-1 i>r\ , k,-ul mi lie. tin rime
1 »iiny, irir neon-, lliTimc, nhnlioA".. .....
(,'fiir-.'1-iniiii,. :i,i\,-il, nios.r........................
Ti ]>,< i i•< ,>1 rif'iitt-s
Anuic lin'.d.lij t)\nlrycl.rcjiLB
\iriic J'ri.iinfiiki
T\ |iio Utliilm L.il.i
1 'lIMilC I'fl'lCll'illlU ...
Kujmr- l/l [ .c 1^3 strociirci'l^.... . ...
T.|>n- Hj Irocl.rtpli.. ...
lillisol-
Ui !. >1.1 "*
i in .hinO'.b.
i:u ")!•<
Utli-0.1
Inc-;i< i -ols
Inrt ]i.i 'oil.
M.uoll,
I'.irukl.
\\Vh t IKcc .
Wnriil.am
1 n)L-loarn>', thcrnno
Cluy. >, kiollintic, llirrriiifl .....
rinc-1",m», nmcil, nontcul, thermic................
Clf»/oy, raUcd, tncruno ....... ...
T> pic itho.tinliiJU
Tj pic llnpltidiiiii ...........
flu ven tic 1! a'[ucpts...... ......
Typio 0ctiTW,Ullll3 .............
UlU-cld
I ncr;ii' io'j.
U.U'.oU.
CT.AnKF, A>. D OCONT.i: fOUNTMlS, CrCi'fjtA
^rr.oi ni r£ Each o/du: i;i SidjdirMod into Riiboicb'i.-,
pninuril} on tho bn^is of Ihnio sou ciiaiartci isiios lint
fi.-cn to pjoduco cbi.'.-fs lioi nii,' tho pir.ilcot Muii-
huiiv. Vlu' suboidcts tinriow the hio;ui riiinnfic initio [.or-
it, tho f'Jilos TJir soj) piojii-iiirs iiM-d to popai^to
bidvnidcis nniiuly ciOicc ilio pirwiii/i oi tib-oirp of
w.11orli»;«iri11ir ' 'hr.'ncnccs r>"">'dt id;* fiom tho clinvito
OJ VOC«"l 'if '"!>
(. .nu'.': Soil hinioiik1; -i ato sopii.itcii uilo '.'.cat
£ionps on 11 io b.isi^ oj itriloiiiniy in th;y f.uiiis niul lr-
qiiiNicu oi iiii;nr hhI bo.' dm*, riiid fcalurcj 't'iio hoii/ons
t.s'od to ni.' !a\ ^ikm alioii!. u.o (ho-c in w l.ii.h k'.! vy, noil, or
liuiniis h.i\«k ruvuinuhilod n.1 tbu^c thtit 1'ine n (mi; infi-i--
foiin^' with ^ov(!i of luufs* oi invHofricrit oj ualer. T];e
fc.ihu-'.s iist'if mo ilm .-idJ-imJ. Inn^ [jropoim-s of rbivp,
soil tciiijii'i ;lmo, iJi.ijor dul>;<%!H0v7 ;n rJio'jiii. i| coni|"'->J-
t:o-i (in null cilriuni, i n^no-iu.n, :uid jiwtas-
M,:j i), ui.! llir Id.i:, Tin* v1 iL j;i oii]» is not slun. il m>ji.i.
: ,Uoi/ Hi t .tb!c :x'v..i.is»i il is tlio bu-t v,oid ia tlie n.m.a of
Iho =I1D,;.-0U}>.
>'iCii.jli* CI i, nt ^ <>uiis r.ro 6.:bdi\i«h (' mlo t.ub-
^ini])S. o/.o wiiiT-onhn^ cr.oi cccti.il (ij'^tc) fco;^i:o.;£ ul
u'u j.T:s
of ..no! her ^i «.:il ^uni; >, -.ni,n:'>y
a I o bo in.lib in tl tn* l.tii.'u.-! u iio.u -od |iin;). t icr- nili t -
iTi ilo fiti: 'ib-
u:''.ci, or Older. Tim n u.t ¦> of •-nli^rin o ih i i \ oil by
pi i oi ii:; oj>i) or 'ooj o .id rs I.,' foi i'! In1 t;.i rue of t
ploiip An liv.miplo i-> l''!i.vi-ui ic Ibi|d,iiinonis.
KAMic.r: l'~jfminis aru M*pir.iLil wiiiiui a f.ub^-i.n.p
p r i, 11 i. i! \ O'l Ibo b.isi i of pioj-fiti s iiupoitim ;n llic
\>w ih oT ji],u Us oi b> b,t\ ,oi of ^.Iils In. re iiio.l fur i n;;i-
l.U'K.i^ .'.iiioi.^j t!ni jii Ojii". I h^> ,'uiisii Ji'iod ni» ioshno,
r.iHici:'.bi_;y, rcacliOtt, s>")tl tvinpi'i.itiuv, pdrmi1 ilnliiv,
tiuckii^-o ur ]ion?.un»t and consistcnco Art cs.unpif) is tltu
tino-lo.xmy, mixed, nonacid, tiicymic fajuily of Fluvcnttc
HapJ&qutpts.
Autliiional F".'
Oconee Conn lies
Thi^ section (oils about the clir.i.iif*. phi i.i.'ripbi,
dm it >.i ere, and v. ..tri c\m pi} in tho sm i .-i ir » i*. il-o ;im »
farls 'li.oiif dm i.-Khis/j jr-, t ?;u>-pom',. /), ,in.J Jn.ir.' »•'
m\ii biiotly ilo^ubrs Utc. n/uiubi.-c Tin ml
llj/.'-insi.-h] iIim.i i'.i);. :*r om r. < .ir.]-of tr." I'.S ib...);
of Ibo f>n-.,i-*.
'iiv, {/'.w );.• Co ii'-y \ 1 ' i; !.r.-t t. r
it '..I tod.I S . lil.t p .• t, 01 jt U I -j 1. . •! H> l'.l .; •' • « • •• . \
in. J CiTv». CI.UjO roniKy v.,, y ai'O'i f". In *.v 1 . i; t.i
Clai'I.o, u. h „.io.' in t' i h\wb.;t. /iiyTVii <,)>¦¦ i i iy
was i.aiiiod fo. U.o (.ikoitoj 1; i\ oi, v hid. V.; it.a n,u t «,i .1 -.
c;i-j(ctn boui./Ziry AUir:).-, ike j.o rf fJio
(jvui^'t. It the oounl) iv vf <"!; : Xe Com :ty V.'vii-*,! -
vijJ • i-. il'is cv.:,,iy «•( fi of 'A o: oc O. >i .'!k .o ii'
lb - I, ( o ' 'I I i i ,.i, by tin ¦ iJ l i i i 1' 1 • • ' • '">•
i.mis lo i b>' inn . h dii.T'.w-i. bl.-o r> - •,
,i ]. i it; i 11,0 j r<> (\o \jI co.'» .o: th -...
IJ io i on b .n id no i ill v i"vt>t - s r',\ i ¦. : ii..
about It n;p< ; il i/j-0 *-'ld J .s». _ .¦.< i \ o o.r.i.
t ILS. T.ibln 1 ll, .11.d i 1 pf^vido ; v.pnii ,lu I '. .n l.f'li »•
t.t,.i •biJii'. Inc .oiionr.t, Mid JiiJ* bu*. i:. r .. :*,i., nilii
t.»blo . J <¦>>. i'. i> in ..i -ib.,iti^ i.: 1 be l.iot iri.k;.., -t
at in .'¦> In spi j i..-.d ;bu m si.... fui!.
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•)
1 oj
3. nj
2 Su
"J.
-------
52 ¦ SOIL survkt
TaiilE 0.—AfCtUije number vj Juyj ]>rr year (by mor.ths) thai have rain/all equal to or greater than tin: staled amour,ts
(Wrl on rccordo for 10 >cnr i»cmou l'li 1 through 1 (103]
UiU'Jul cqu-,1 to
Average number of dnja in—
Jan.
Fob.
Mcr.
Ayr.
Ma/
June
July
i\n 1
Sf pi.
Oct
Nov.
Flnr
Vcor
Jltlu
0 ;o
7
6
8
0
0
C
8
6
4
4
C
|]
74
A
H
0
6
<
4
a
3
0
2
4
J.
51
.bO
3
4
4
4
3
3
1
2
3
3
3
3
37
TAiu.r. 10 —Total number cj days in 10 yean (by month1*} thai have rmnjdl cqurl to or greater than the stated r.K.ounts
[|ljuic«J on rccortb for 10-yc.ir pcno.l 10SI through IOCt}
Tol.,1 mintber of d-.ya n—
(1, in—
Jan.
Kcb.
Mur.
Apr.
May
Juno
July
Aug
bept. '
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
10-yiMr
pcr.ou
JnUll
I
1f>
17
11
n
1°
]0
1C
7
i2
-
U
«j
137
i!
1
3
3
.1
1
3
il
2
1
1
31
3 .........
0
0
U
0
1
1
I
0
2
0
0
S
4
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
I
0
0
0
"
Tadi,k 11 —Total number of 2-vrfk, i-\.rck, awl G-wrH prrio>ti m 10 ycui* (by months) with tio day Aon'rij 0.2o mch
or marc oj fincijiitaJiott
lUnml on rvturtia (or i&.ycJr period JU.'i tWuutdi I'.'U.l]
r'ji.'il
l<> or ^rrilcr
Ih m— 1
Jun.
Feb,
.11 nr
Apr
Mny
Juno | July
Au«.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total lr»
lO-y^ar
pi rind
'J *crki ...
3
6
-
3
5
tQ 3
ti
20
8
7
10
73
4 wcei>h
0
0
0
3
•J U
3
0
5
0
1
15
0 *ci Is
0
0
0
0
Q
' 1 °
0
a
2
0
0
4 i'enoJa wo liattd ia tbo month during whJch lb« prcaUir part ot thtbi(Jieis oj the la*>t frerziuy tanncratuii n in ijitiwj anJ thsjistt iu full
rroLih.ii'.y
Dales for ipvcr, pro!' .tiilily i.m
Ullipi'MllblO
Ji* F. orioutr
2i* J'. or inner
'jj* r. cr iowcr
eprlrm:
I jrr:.r In 10 Inlcr thaii.... ...... ................................
'i y»ura m 1'J 1 Hit tl'an .......................... ...............
0 >CJir.- in 10 Lior llia:i...........,............._.....................
VaU.
1 yi.ar in JO c.iihrr thin.. .... ................. ...
2 yci ib in JO o-'icr tJnn..............................................
t j curs in 10 <_n.-l.er tlino .................. ... ...
Mrircli 10
M irch 7
) 1 '.i.-bary 21
Novc:r.bcr 20
Novc^otr 23
DoCv-'UiliCi- 2
Mnrch ^0
^llkrch 1/
iWi.rch 11
Novc.ubcr 5
Novchibcr 10
S'cvcub^r 2C
AprJ IS
Apn.' .0
.M ircl. '-iQ
Orioljpr
N ovo .iLrLr 3
Nc.vcub^r 10
CMNKX AND OCOM.K COUNTSCS, G^Of.ClA
.Siniuuus mo model.drlv ; .'tun io«l '-"MuJhh bnmid,
I,,;! I lu ui ii n'.i w i rib i ,iro uf cm n-idcd pi i n„k nf lint
wiiii i.vi A i.iluin uf ')>»" J'\ oi likplu l l.Ui ! b) r.ulv n.oinii jr
\\ in:ei . an; ^crcu.il) r.iilici Mil.I. Ttio cnld sp.dU ili.it
dn cowir r.jinlly p.-ru fni oniy n iuw .layj, c. on in muI-
v»Jiilt J. -V ic.iipCJ ill ni o t>f ',',2^ ul l)i,lii\V uv t tn j> .ui .Hi a ,ipO
Ol about rjb d 1) «. tucli v. ml or. In ji.oi« I iiiiu )ml f 11,o nioii! lib
ill v. int. r, thii 10:111 ici.it 111 r ti 1 (ticluA 'J0° .if k-:tsi. oi.co,
an.' if tlitj,>s a1-, ]'»w jib ID" tioui 1 >rii' in -I
T-»n iio'cii,: JwN'. if,>] 1.('! •> ¦> .110 < iv,j \.>). ».»v.i]
vii. 1 1! n>iio ir. >,;: 1: c: tLii.]<.,r.tli:ii\j (J» tli'JU', calr.i niK.n-
ii.^.s Hi «MI U<1 , l< nip.'I .III. 1 1 -..ll. llla>ly lO be OJ ,;l ih'i.'1 t'OS
CdJ'IlI in l.J.l lil 1.' 'a tii in . .*1 tIj h i'i,f s^« p.S A ).-iia»\1i lp.
of die \an. lion^ in Mnji. 1 ifiuc in «{.iK'iTnf nic.is r,iu liy
iiboii.l in ,;i livlin^' t*i'Cij»s i' pi my
'1 im iuh.i;;v fu.vii' lui' »."i-4tn ib .iiK.ut '.'Jo <],,\^ in
len^.ll Xuun.illv, H U fiw.11 ni-.u ifi.M'i.iI o»" .Uiilii
td .\u'niii/»f .0 }}lln iciit f > J/J Jh.iy 1 iij-u
I'ii'ni l.iiri \.1 i'i ili'i*. 1, l.(;..c.'n'j in Il.b kiiftili <-l
i!io ^io\> 'lO.i.son
11. u-.li i)l> wci 1 in Hi.m rJl in ilii-M- Iwc, cni.nlirs.
Ti J-, n.ji n, uly :..i.iu " itnly .in. I v < ,^U'r 11.1:1 fill, a!*
t I.tJii^h hot It M'.tf'ins III C p'ni'i mi^il, \ i*t ,il pel l-'il. "»f
rlu) i<>/ \ .mm 1 ^ ci. | f. I ril in mi 1 • jiving,,, mi,! 1 l,w
/1. .pi, ii. \ ..I- 1 'mii.h'i - i«»i i.i-4 ^'r 11 |i 1.1 !U in. 1 c 1^1 n«, ^uiti-
II [ 11 ,ip{ i u 11 Ii.'^ ['.ill i,-. < Ii ii n U'i i/i'.l 11 % I'/ii# i>>>I^ "f
In.. «<• 1! !..«i, ".VI m lilt .1.1 \ ,.1inif'f ,«im! annul Hill! (ii<>
i/U'lii. uf 1 j • -{»:,iiil 1 )'\ir
l'l > r-;j,|l nliin, wvll .1 trilnil.,1. 'II.* IVJI.l^,. 1. Iili.ll t ¦(,
l cuv n 1 vl ..in>11.illy i-> 11\-. 11 \ 111 in, lios i! re t ,il'li .S). M 11 { mi.ui Ii,in.l M. 1 .jl.fi it ii' 1
.Nd \ 1*1 i.i)," 1.1 o (!.o iii :i-%; 11.1 !i uf 1 In- ( i>.i{ ciM-u.i pi i'..i infi-
ll, j:; o.Yi::. :i-. i.iinl.ili ii,u lit-r- foi v.vu.il 1imiij
co\«'U a liu^'0 a.i'i Mn-a ul 1 lie pifr.pil.ii.! • im-
6iili Tno lo\.-]nis-..uu ^"(ni's ami vi'.iiln'i fiuiiU .15,-
b.» 1.1(1 (1 w illi tlu^o 111,1s. >• of ..11 :.i 0 ^.'.ti'i .1II \ i'Mril* i\ 0
ami ii*.1 \ ic-ulf 1111 iiinf.il} fi,u( i^wisi I u£c ,u.m nnd
fur hi vr, ,tl lion 1 - in sjnn..i,t, r.ni.f.ill .'-veins pn.iru il> .is
lui 1! ?!,i»« i'i a, not nally n:' '.liiiji, iiiu.iUhr. U.c u
.fl !*Ii,im, 1 *, 1 .uni'.ili 15. •-omu-Li.1 ,i*t» \.11(1.11 ,uc
'i J.fi tul.t) ,ii,k/i,j:.S o; h.cn.'Mj uuni J r.iJij;",iJJ v ny
piw! lj f 1 u. 11 \ c 111 10 _> <¦ 1. 'i in* i wi ..1 iniiih.il i',. in; 111 in
AlliPiw, fur uMiinplo, I,.:1, l'r»i.i 7l»!'U 10*
ccnocl in to unty vjI it:*.l.i"T, jctvncii in iWI. .U-^o
(lift tot.il iiiunt lily pi I'Lipil.il urn Irii, im.^cu from 10 CjT
morn's in June 100.1 lo r.uiiu in Octoljc:* Il)u3 i'ho anni.al
'»n *1 ii> l;ot\\v'Pn -10 anil oJ ii'.cIk.-. in n!)Oi;i I out 0: b jca.s.
I hi.r.(loii,.'c.ini > ,1:0 to Li. peeled oh i.bo.it C-0 duyj o.n.h
)f .1. A louL i; ilt ot tl.is 11 ui'ibjr of d.iys oocuis ii. Jizjjo,
July, r.iul .\ii^i:£.t. Occa.,.o"...!iy, 1)10 inoiu uilcn;i! bto:'..u
.ire a.-c^-.np.TiiMu by d.iiiug!/.^ wuu.'s unci iiuil. Tomr.d^a
ai\j iri/ic^juu, but Lnco or iour havo bean roporUd in
iliotwocoufliias.
Tjiutj of ",'iov,- nreur rc.111v cv.'r." - n' ¦' •1'« i-'-i-
i.JiU- in.innnf In-, h-Tii i'-;.(iiicil in n -=> il.'in l.ilf il.c h- «1
nuiubri of y>..n } ol w*' i f
bllO U f'l 11 of ICLI ll W Uvl ill I cd lii ^ / 4. I'll i f' J J, W l„t 1, ] v-1 ul' )<• 3
W .IH Pil . .1.11 d
TI.i, ic'iili*.,. 111111)1.111;' l'.uij'.. 1*. .a • ' 10
p'.'t * cut f.-if iy in »i,».' 1.' 1 Ui- 1 ' •' < ¦ •' > '• ' ! "'
t* ll IJ II, I lie .)! .01 .I'XJ 1 ! K 1. «. I'V < ' 11. •« . .1 .1'. 1
0 bun I Ji) d.i) n 1 w li \ f. 1 1 i" • • l» v <>* - t 1; 1)
inni nu.f, bn: m i nuil!y liixl. ( 1 1 mj • f ,l" Ji* "r»
TI10 iv ci ir;»- liout Iy n iii.!-,jil'.^. .r-Jifi j :iw..i . i.out
mil,a poi li'-.u 111 to -I -n-A!/ nr.-rc 1-J ii.i.v.
pi'1 bun; ;i. i . 1 •( 1.,,17 .. J .Miitv.. i •. -: !..•>. 1 'i
ui ll c pi i>\ i.itu:; ^ .h i-. !• m>i : >'-(i •') ¦ '-i 1 A ' 1 1
j. 1 a. :I, , 11.,* pi<"... 1' 1 c-, .111. 1 . r'v^ 11 '1.1 v-. 1,4.1. ,
wOil., t .ii'.u,;l' ii^i!Ii, 10 c..'i no.;. .-,1-
P!iyst«ort-".|)liy. IliJir.nfic, nnJ Wula-
Cii:..o mil! Ooiihi.<. Cuiin'ico uit c.n.11. \\.ti..i. ....
l'luiii.i.i.l j'lilr.i. l'VlMu. It , ii.i .i r». . ..p.t.i. 1; . •«
b.'Cii ,11 , t 1:1 Iy £ I, io: 1. jj! 1.11 j'^.i: .,,^r .1 ii; x.
CHl-hjil, I.(j i' , l i'i, 'tr J 't 'r\ . .1., .l.ii 1 l .ii !• 1.. 1. i . w
0.'^lf.l ll.t- .ul. I; i.j V..10,.!, 1 :.,i 'W-si 'i..'
t .men , In 1.. i.: ,i^. *. .1) •, tl.v:.1,. .,4.r-^ ...t .
Mli.»)l fl ])' ill. 1
a iMp., 11 1. '» < 1 • • ¦
( 'in.iiU , I n t ].l v. 1» U «. >« .1 1 • 11.. * ,1. i . 1. - ii . . . ,. .
1.V'II IU A pn| ,:i. I 1 i.-. 1 ,w . V, ' .... 1 .t
^\',•t.•l I vl i i.i' ¦ 11V .,1 A l. ;* d. 11 .,v 1 i . ,
W'.ll. I I • llL'i pi p. •! 1 O ' 'till I l'M\ ' l.l { . . I !», I .ul .' j .1 1 1 • ¦
1 (»«lis hi 1 in- i,i'I J 1 •< jj,»f I if! ()¦ 1 <- l m,..' \ \\ r J..i
K.IIS\ I ill 'S i'l M'll . .'.Ill , dl j.li «'l >>.'!¦ 1. ii- ;1 ... i'l
fv l L ill I'p II. I M. .do .lb'' J i* 1 J r . lb '. P 1 .11 ,, i i.
ii,,;n)' Ui i.i.s^ u ii ,'i fui Jiii* in-ii^ ti-i [ ,iu['i.i 1.ir.
t ll.lll p;u In l Iv' lllij .l.ul 1 U hi I UI.I.- 1 v 1. U-L
uf U.c w.iUi fol l.V
Industiici, Ti nj^iiorlutiun, nnd Mt.rKcU
M.uij *h..i!l ii, 'u-.. u.iMbiii,,: ii. ti.•:: 1> 1 i,i-
l I'H ¦> in^b \ ci .d l-> ^ .1 „' ] I.i i.i n u 1, 1 . 1 .
«)ici >i pit pi 1 mi.! 1. ( iiUm.i Mi hi. ui i :¦>. 111'. ,1, . 1 !• . • 'i}
\>J;t'io i Itrl. ii <"d li.ii) luji.n'i*. . \ I:
rliop-j !¦ .inning 01. tibiu. ! ivoiy I..
jin'inU'i wl.o i» fii.pi.i)cd -.1 :i <¦? p'ji (.
'n.c mo rut.ilii , .1. c l- cd by V 1 ,«r'b .1 i) Nil-
•III, .uii.' 1 Mid "3. ,
•*f\
-------
54
so/L scmvcT
clatiKc a"nd ocokuc cotrcrnr.*, ci ont.ix
A pi iculhirc
Bcf'rio v.Siili • 1.1i.Il'i^ :w ii\ot of ilir u -n onlf iv:ilr«J. tlnf ii:uc, hoir-
o\or, niiK'li of Mu' lni'd that v :i*» f'-nnrilv ii'-i'd fot rnlli-
\lfoil cn-jis Iiis in\nl<\| (o Woixlbnd. (,'oMon. com, utnl
x! >»;i> .•!/<¦ /1:«> < riou g'. if. it t fir mohl \f rii*= i %•<»I3-.
Cl 1:1.'1 ( (Minly Inrl n iot.il of -JT!) f.wjis jji ]f> n imu h
S'luillif iiun.U-i ili.in m.-ic hi tin- roimiv m ;')h) On.r.oo
G>'i'i(y li in' .1 Cif.tl r.I 5 7S. n Ko ,i li.-il.i-1^ -ni.iil. 1 ninu-
Ivr >Jt in \i*•/«• m /Iff m I'/.'O '/'In* t {inn in iho
niunlKT of f.ii mi 1ms ii'-'.llc-.l put t U )«% mm ,! J.u-r n(ic-
liiis Uth l.il.rn 0111 nf piodiu lion for u^-u for u"-'..!i'nrcs
runf indu^i !«*=, ftnij j.fully l.t\-aa-n (hn si/o of fmuis has
)j>nr>,sr»l 'Iho .{\otn<;i• M7,is of nimc in (ho tun rounli<"»
im'i*:icril fioin »bout utic.i in I'M/ to niton? l.'V m-tos
in ]'>-?.
mi.-.! ri'UMiir.l of li.nw^cd ciopl.wid ilorhnrd fiom
5 V iC urs 1 s in !') to 2>i,7(''» xw :is u\ J'1 >1 ho amount of
n^iMLTf in win it <(!.! ii"f vU t«»n tht tr.nt. !*>
t^rou I'Mli n;nl lD".r). hut il»e . iim'H'p uj tui<] ncoounirii f.ii riiou* t }>.xn luilf
f)io l.-l.i) 1 nro.ni' <|/rnr/| fjcitn the ?o of f.mn piociucls.
In t\in i.mo \i:ir, iihoiiio from t)»c cj)),,/>} r„Jd ci-opfi rn
( ouniy .Huounlo
(2)
(3)
("»)
(*)
.« m» •
10}
a)
[0) ¦
(0) •
An» in )n>i]j]j> >v y
lilM a Hip II or ~Ml ri I.'MIO*. l'ro»< . of III!'
:-i Ainni.ll X.I I.II.; l.li'lu'.uT Ui- UJ I'nU Si 5.
ri):» "II i ll.i- \\ ,.v), 1.1. ('
Ami \v 1..1 mi in-* Uli II IMIU'** M A :i Jim* AMI
Ml |l|tilM •>. PiMIMI.ll TI>.flNu )Al ft, '£ V„
i l(l|H
Ma')<\\lit, M , lininDO, o , ;iiu> TfMKcr, Jahh\
*rii».v. UH Dojil ABr -ibU.
}<•>)!, /Ni:h
07»-
Ei.1 1.17:
n\ Ja-i
Km' v¦ * ici( % ri'iis Tin" rj[0
I'l.'T-jo;;
^•1:1,1, r.ci t)
i ,\i/1,uj ,1 •. n, ri-A*<*>iti«.'ATii>> oi.oin,
m iiiii'i.i ;i, *;,p ost^r Hill t.uwti-ii Sf«IJ - A".ai< i.i.ti.at
jn_"j \.>inMi wiin, 1.r«Nn 1 arxi m m>« «t/0M>njior.—n
BOUTIIM.S VIMH MUc I'.it 1 .*0. uoi i>p., \\n«h-
'J'ij.!'')), DC. J.Nfnv iio:tT v±Jo* utr» ssjovccs t 8 pp.
(10) "iVjfrrns, A. IC. nt»d J O
lO.tS. aii'iwu: ami \trtn (.-• t.r.c(»Nn <\r«T»-ni vf^ ovit
mi i.\ nrcchtT' urANP* ox a'jlviai. takoi rui
f..»UTn Rpiiilifrn corpsi "£pL SU-, 12 pp. ilJDi
Oc^.'tiUiLftl l'n;-vr No W
(11) V» ati i\wa\j> '.;wrnfM£vjr Sr>7;o.v
IU'hS the umiiu fl.ur, ci>a»mc*tjoH sianit Tecli.
ilpino 3-^57. J£. r. nml u^pendi i.
Glossary
A0if]rtf 'i'iI f- rv Iti mtlc.n, cnl}
AJIm iur i vo.t iiint.-.-i Mil li is Mod. tJlt, ov cloy, tiiTt. has l<-cn
u iv.i-wiity of r. »<.ii to 'nVii in
' 'i/»«• flii'iri.Tii of iiu.f-lu-t I..".! 1.1 n
I'liMOlir, or nl>"i.t onMlnrtl i!int.*.|.li(*rc 0/
.'iii)4 ciK'irii l.-i.i, or nlxn.t If. ntimi,-ii!)i,rv% of
Av».I.ili!«s >. .1, r ...j,,
.1 !<•! in ,i, 111) iHr
d.nl tn'l .\ rcii In I
ftii'-fon, niiil llii'
U'li^U^n
Clay A- 11 foil uti*. tln» inlrir»riil will iinrtU-ips lc«fi thin 00fl2
frr ni fJhi.icu r As n hut( f0cMir.1I cln^, mil n.-iLcrt.il
l!i it h .1) ihti'i hi ur mure c'.ny, |.x
ri.i;-. ¦.]!.](', or loctil «.i-h cnul m u)tf insC 01 sir. t>
f) >,»-s
Confisir»ci\ Mill. Ttm f,..| <,) It),. v,,n Illl(j {},<• rnsc Hill, .1
a»iii|. r.n ...> i-fu,i,..| l>5 Ihc HD^rrH lor.iu nu.iino.ily ^.il to
ill srril.c . .uiM-tiNH o ,in>-
—\ .iu iiliv'fi m vmii rat Incrii '-f in n niriv«
}-'r>ik!c — '.1 I', fi iiinl-f, i"Tii*-l)r^ uinliT Riiillr {n iftdj.-nitp
prr^».irc liftui.'ii It 1111 il» 'iii.l fiiivfli.nif mi lo
fuj" il" r liilf a
Firm — Wn.n ini.|«r tn*I,r -_W „ „,.| j, i «m<( 11 \ ill (\'I ;i,< it M m .i| .r 111 jii i-s^n n*
Iiiit 1 n 11 n' ,iri •• 1.1 111 in 11 ! um" , u lit fr.rni .1 <11 r» w I., n
lutiMi 1. • 11 t 111111 inn) t"ori'lini;r»r
Sttl'l jt — \\ I is'll w <<{ I'ltli r.'H I (i nili..p 111 bt rr.ll BM'l IrnO". !•» 1' rofcti
ni'iin'ix li,.t ninl cull p;inrt, ni.lii'r tl'fii. jull fr< «• fru.L t/tlicr
tli'H' rnl
Viril - -\i I*, n ,lrv iii.-l'T iti'h rr-.KIrnt I" ri-. t . O t»u
l-f-r .11 H iIj fxin.-i.i f'l.itnli nihl ror-'iiiin'r
1 1. 1 >¦ j-.»\r i>p .,,il• 11.11'111 „.-11. . iimivr
r.
¦ i'1 .
Dr.-ir
'I.Mil c.»'l l'»iir 1 f; jiii'c (ij ntn/Me.iiiio
'Hi' mi.'lil) «ti.1 .\!>ii: oi i.i.« r»rn,.ri; pf v.nirr
fmm /In* *.•(!, in n f.ii 1.111 in 'iil.Iil .il!« o-jrc< .Ur liy n.ti -fT I17
II.a\ i!.i- sod s.» wju\>'» ur IV R
t Ion <>r ln». li in.» ov c*
Fcl'iV r ¦» "f f- l.l-,., 11, i< nuiU ..r '.'lil [.'i 1 hi'liIm, nn.I k.Ii U. or
onj "ii' of lIn "•<' r<• I.* ii)"iii* «;>i. 11r isH'tl \%H{ iiiiiln* r'-'K
Firsi 1,1.Hi.pi Tl," iurir.nl lln-nl j.l n4J ,,{ „ kmI'JlvI lu
Hmi;
fr< •
0 h'-i — 11 i* 11\ 1 r in '.i^*
G"U » >.5 I li^ lu.i
A iionc-'ii — TJ«r 11 tir..'rnl Ji.ir
O li*t!/on "1111 h tinrl7(iri
'Vr'-t.rt i(« [v -.aralUs to 1.'..* r,irCc*o.
« h*-. ji-. .11,.lr\ t.c' ,'..r .1.: „• *-r->c*
i,.,i in )iv,- (J.f .• d!" i i.dn*
« »t.-- iiii. p'. i.n ri ••I'i'.r
-iHi ni iln: >-i>pj in> «»r Ji • t U'mw tin
>» 1 In* u.,1' m \ilili!i living nr.. irisnifl
llioit l"..o' inn rt,'* )inri.i»ji :;•/»/ )>nio out' or i.;•'/"n I'llf D
hiiri7t»i. Il"1 ;i .rt n 113 ri* <-f cli i:.^c f-mn i'i? nufliii.' A to
tli'1 ..iM.vli'ij g C J><'r)».vi: The b»ri.\/r. t!«-> 11 if «lra:if.ct!'o
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-------
Section 8
ENTIRE MOBILE RIVER MAJOR BASIN - LARGE AREA
Unit Minor Basin Name Slope % Unit Acres
Range
Basin #
].
35
2
34
3
36
4
40
5
39
6
36
7
37
6
41
9
35
10
35
11
34
12
38
13
40
Ala-Goosa R„ 1 - 25 39460,4c>0
Ala~Tallapoosa Ro 1 - 13 2,5$4?080
Ala-U. Tombigbee R0 1-25 2,408,960
Ala-Xo Tombigbee R0 1-9 2,506,3$0
Ala-V/arrior R» 1-25 4*015,360
Ala-Cahaba R0 1-25 1,196,600
Ala-Alabama R« 1-9 3f696,000
Ala-Mobile R, 1-5 1,317,760
Tenn-Coosa R0 1-25 126,000 E
Ga-Coosa R. 1-25 3,520,000 E
Ga~Tailapoosa R. 1-13 320,000 E
Miss-Uo Tombigbee R. 1-25 3,564*000 E
Miss~L® Tombigbee Ro 1=9 256^000 E
Total 28,994,320
E - indicates estimates as a percentage of total state area,
Literature derived Solutions?
vJ7ST^rmy Corps of^Engineers 12 year annual average 4»7 Million
tons of suspended sediment (1952-1963)°
.100 year total sediment estimate 33^ Million tons (1871-1971)«
Process Solutions ° E:;hibits TC3 (1 & 2)
Best G~ase (Lowest SecTiiflent/K^osTon "ft'atio) 3»34 Million tonse
Worst Cass (Highest Sediment/Erosion Ratioi 7o36 Million tons0
Note - Sam© Sediment in-stream migration factors used in both0
. i3 y v^
1
Units are bounded by State Lines, Minor River Basin
Lines and heavy Major River Basin linese
6—1
-------
MOBILE RIVER BASIN - SEDIMENTATION & RURAL RUNOFF EXHIBIT TC3 (2^9® "
INVOLVING MINOR RIVER BASINS IN ALABAMA* GEORGIA. MISSISSIPPI AND TENNESSEE r^V- - 7". r\:Vr
JNITS l=AL35C»2=AL34Tv3=AL38UT?4=AL40LT?5=AL39W»6=AL36CAH?7=AL37A»6-AL41M __
JNITS TENN. 1=TN35C» GA. 1=GA35C>2=GA34Tv MISS. 1=MS38UT?2=MS40LT
»•»» PERIOD MONTHS 1 - 12 .... . _ _ . .
JNIT/TYPE
(PLOT AC.)
ACRES
S.L. TONS
TO WATER BODIES
a «
•tt ¦» c- •» 0
# fl e t;
•» -t- C- i>
----- —-—--
—————————
SED. TOMS
LITTER TONS NIT.LBS
PHOS.LBS
LBS_
_ BOD LBS
TOC LBS
ACID LBS
1
LAND
( 100.0)
3460400.00
19969504,0
3562402.00
0,0 0.
0.
o7"
0
0.
07
...2
LAND .
( 100.0)
2584080,00
665974^.00
1204265.00
0,0 ... _ Oo
0,
0.
0.
__0_. __
0.
3
LAND
( 100.0)
24 0 8960.0 0
14756906.0
5269725.00
0 a 0 0 o
0.
0.
0.
0 .
"""" o 7
4
LAND . _
.( 100.0)
2506880.00
5232227,00
1892488.00
O.O 0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
5
LAND
< 100.0)
4015360.00
24574112.0
4421305.00
0.0 0.
0.
0.
0.
c.
" o 7
. 6
LAND
( 100.Q)
1196800.00
7343132,00
2635201,00
o.q o„.
0.
0.
0.
0,
0 a
7
LAND
< 100.0)
3696000.00
5862596.00
1069163.00
O.O 0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
0 V
8
LAND
.1 100.0) ...
1317760,00
7938359.00
1567205.00
0.0 o,
0.
0.
0.
0 .
Oo
ALABAMA
TOTALS
21166320.0
92336544,0
21621728.0
0.0 0 e
0.
0.
0.
o7"""
c,
1
LAND
~( 100.0)
~ 126000.00
""" 950762.00
219187.69
0.0 0 c
0,
0.
o 7~
o/"
o 7
TENNESSEE
TOTALS
128000,00
950762.00
219187.69
0,0 0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
_ 1
LAND .. _
< 100,0)
3520000.00
17159760.0
3057301.00
O.Q 0._
0.
0.
0,
0.
0.
2
LAND
( 100.0)
320000,00
726079.94
130153.06
0.0 0 *
0.
0.
0.
0 ,
Oo
3EORGIA
TOTALS
3840000.00
17885824.0
3187454.00
0 w 0 0 e
0 .
... 0
0.
0.
0.
1
LAND
( 100.0)
353400 0.0 0
19844576.0
7063B68 .00
0.0 0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
s
• - —"CO
2
LAND
( 100.0)
256000.00
428314.06
76940.31
0.0 0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 .
MISSISSIPPI
TOTALS
3840000.00
20272880.0 .
7140808.00
0.0 0.
p.
_0.
0.
_ °»
0.
GRAND TOTALS
28994320,0
131446000.
32169152.0
O.ft o.
0. ¦
9.
0.
0,
0 .
(SEDIMENT MIGRATION TO A TERMINAL POINT3... 3299574.00 SHORT TONS OR 4185150.00 CUBIC YARDS OR 3199901.00 CUBIC METERS)
-------
EXHIbIT TC3
UNITS 1 =AL35C.2=AL34T. 3 = AL3HUT . <+ = AL40LT » 5 = AL 39W » 6 = AL 36C AH » 7 = AL 3 /A t 4 = AL4 1 M
url ITS TENN. l=TU3bC, G A . 1 =r,A35C» 2-GA34T v MI sS. 1 =Mi>3HUT i = MS^ OLT (SI -RB tf-RN)
vwut, pt'RIOi) MONTHS 1 - 12
UNIT/TYPE (PLOT AC.) ' A'JKtS S.L. TONS « u « # ^ « w « « # « u # » tt a « TO WATER BODIES <* » c s » # * 4 ¦; i> t ft '
-: stu. 1 ()NS L~[ T T ER T 0 rj S" ~ NIT.LBS P^OS.LbS LBS BOD LriS""TOC LhS ' ACID LBS
1 LAND
( 1 HiS'1. S) , 34604t!n.00 19b84896.0 3bh03b3.00
0 .0
0.
0 .
0.
0. !
2—"LAND ,
3 LAND
4 LAND
5 1. AMU
(loOtJ.O) 2bfUtOBCI.no 6790993.00 122244b.00
(1552.2) 2 4 0 ti 9 b 0 . 0 0 14522--»97.o 5222H79.00
(15H3.6) "" 2'iObMHO ; i.f) " 528^39 1 . 00 ' " 1 li«') 7fiH ."0 0" '
(200^.7) 4015360.00 24mI160H.O 44\>259(i.C0
0.0
0.0
' ""0". 0
0.0
0.
0 .
" 0 .
0 .
0.
0,
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
" 0.
0.
0. (
0 . 1
""o." 1
0 . <
h LA,MO
7 L AND -
(10 95.1) 1 1 96,u 0 0 , M 0 7 39'4.1 ] u . 0 0 265-}fcOb.U0
(1923.0) 3(.-.9'r,00(' . 00 b 9 7 3 U b 1 . 00 1 0 7 1 74 0 .1} 0
0.0
0 . 0
0.
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0. (
0. ;
8 LAN!)
Al. ABAMA
<114(1.9) 1SW760.OO / 7 6 9 i 5 9 , 0 0 lb35127.U0
TOTALS 211H-d320.11 917b60fH).0 21624512.0
0 . 0
0 . 0
0.
0 .
0.
.0.
0.
0.¦
0. i
0. 1
1 LAND.
( 35».b) 12H00O.O0 9/b871.7b 226B49.87
*
0.0
0 .
0 .
0.
0. (
TEflk'E SSEt
TOTALS I2.-MJOG..OO 9 7 b d 7 1 , / 5 226d44.B7
0.0
0 .
0.
0.
¦ 0. <
] I.AMU
c 1 AND
(ltt7ti.3) Jb2:i (l 0 0 . 0 0 W19bh00.0 ill 63 7 7b. 0 0
( 566 .4) 3 2 0 0 0 0 .0 0 71:1225.00 129023.2b
0 . 0.
0.0
0 .
0.
0 .
¦ 0.
0.
0.
'0. I
0. . i
CtlDkIj I A
TOTALS" .jM40000.fa0 17^0ibl6.0 3195796.00
0 . 0
0 .
0 .
0.- ' '
0. t
1 LANi)
2 LAND
(1893.3) 35(}'t000 . 00 19756o4H.O /021163.00
( 506.9)' 256000.00 407465. 31 76726.37
0 . 0
0.0
0 .
0.
0 .
0.
0.
0.
0. " " (
0, (
MISSISSIPPI
- TOTALS ,3640000. 0 0 20 164304 .o /(J99891.00
0.0
0.
0.
0.
0. (
GRanD TOTAi.
S 2^994320.0 l.lOSObObo. 32K4032.0
0.0
<
- ¦ ~ ~ -Q-.
0 .
0."
C . !
("SE7JTmEnT MIGRATION' TCT" A""TERmINAL" P0IMT = " ¦ T34"iK52."CrO""S"HORT~
TO"|vlS~OR
~4"237'0~0"GT00~
"CU8TC" "YARDS OH"
—3"2"39545.
00"""CUBIC "MET;
0
~d}-
— J —
*£0 -
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-------
MOBILE ft I VER tiASIN
INVOLVING MI NOW RIVER BASINS IN
- SEDIMENTATION k
ALAI3AMA» GEORGIA.
RURAL RUNOFF
MISSISSIPPI AND'TENNESSEE
EXHIBIT TC3 (%&% %<:!>)
UNITS l=AL35C»2=AL34T»3=AL3aUT»4=AL40LT»5=AL39W»6=AL36CAH»7=AL37Ai8=AL41M
UNITS TENN. I=TN35C t GA. 1=GA35C,2=0A34Ti MISS. 1=MS38UT»2=MS40LT (ST-RBW-RN)
«*«» PERIOD MONTHS 1 - I?
UNIT/TYPE
(PLOT AC.)
ACRES
S.L. TONS
TO WATER BODIES
* * •» n
#
# ¦> -a
—
—— —- —
SED. TONS
LITTER TONS
• NIT.LbS
PHOS.LBS
LBS BOD
LBS
TOC LBS
ACID LBS
1
l.
( 1860.5)
3460480.00
19584896.0
7329479.00
0.0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
2
LAND
(Kina.o)
2584080.00
6790993.00
2512539.00
0.0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
0.
3
land
( 1552.2)
2408960.00
14522497.0
5369372.00
0.0
. 0.
0,
0.
0.
0.
0.
• 4
LAND
( 15H3.fa 1 ¦
2506880 . f)0
5289397.00
'1939^81.00
0.0
Oi
"0.
0.
0.
0.
0,
5
LAND
(200-4.7)
4015360.00
24411808.0
91.20960 .00
0.0
o.
0,
0.
0.
' 0.
0,
6
LAND
(10^5.0)
1196800.00
7394310 . 00
2733326.00
0.0
0,
0.
0.
0.
0.
Oo
7
LAND
(1923.0)
36960 00.00
5973051.00
2204593.00
0.0
0.
0,
0.
0..
0.
Oo
8
LAND
(1148.9)
131 7760 .00
7789159.00
3081611.00
0.0
0,
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
ALABAMA
TOTALS
21186320.0
91756080.0
3429132B.0
0.0
o.
0.
.. 0 . ¦
o.._
°«
0 o
1
LAND
( 358.5)
128000.00
975871.75
437867.12
0.0
0.
o*
0.
0.
0.
0.
TENNESSEE
TOTALS
128000 .00
975871.75
437867.12
0.0
0.
¦ 0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1
LAND
(1876.3)
3520000.00
17195600 .0
6315445.00
0.0
0.
0. "
0/ "
0.
0.
0.
2
LAND
( 566.4)
320000.00
713225.00
264860'. 19
0.0
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0 •
GEORGIA
TOTALS
3840000.00
17908816.0
6580305.00
p.o
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
0.
1
LAND
(1893.3)
3584000.00
19756848.0
7241576.00
0.0
0.
0
0.
0."
0. '
. 0.
2
LAND
( 506.9)
256000.00
407465.31
158837.06
0.0
0.
0.
0 •
0.
0.
0.
MISSISSIPP
I TOTALS
3840000.00
20 11>4304 .0
7400413.00
0.0
" . 0.'
' 0. " "
o. •
0.
0.
0.
GRAND TOTALS
28994320.0 1
30805056. "
48709888.0 "
0.0
0."
" 0.
0.'
0.-
Oo
" 0.'
(SEDIMENT
MIGRATION TO
A TERMINAL POINT= 7378743.00 SHORT
TONS OR
9359133.00"
CUBIC YARDS "OR
"7155850.
00 CUBIC METERS)
—
C3
-3"
6 •
¦QO
-------
*«0Tt - -C-OWf »LL C4-DS • !»j C-yL *>*i •
• •«•••••• tMjs T-C "O-lLi °W£J diilN TC3 InPUI UAH
I r.O i l : l ?\j » 3o -0 " 'j j I tO l 70 •
|23*Sl>7ti T"} I? 3*$*, 7f*a I <•}-. Wj ,0 I?3-,9-) 7 *:Q I i !<.*><¦. 7*1', J ? 3*. * 9 ?3?u l ? J*. *-> 7* V0 J 2 }<. bo 78 ^
•"'•JltE. 0*»IN - btOlMtNt AllON I WUrlAL *U
HOF f C*iM|T T C 3
IHVOO l*G MJ\(H BAS1M* IN AL'dAMA• GEORGIA. HjSSISSl
p^l it.D UN- ESSEE
UMT> 1 eflL fjC . 2sAl.3*T «3aAt3PyT . fc = flL-0l.T • b = M. 3^, r>= »u 3*04". 7* *L 3 7 4 . (J* 4L 7 1.00 2 1.00 1 1.30
•6 «030 1009
06 258*080
10 .1 bO .2 25 .3 10 .* 5 .5
07 Oh
20 .OB *5 .01 3* .005 C .01 1 1.0
20 .50 *5 l.CO 34 1.00 0 1.00 1 1.30
<•030 0100
05 2*00960
10 .1 SO .2 35 .3 10
13 12
20 .08 38 .01 40- .005 1 .01
20 .50 3d 1.00 <.0 1.00 1 1.00
*030 20
i 1.0
I I.JO
07 25068WO
10 .1 50 .2 25 .3 10 .*
05 0*»
20 .04 38 .01 *0 .005 1 .01
20 >50 3d 1.00 *0 1.00 1 1.00
*030 20
I 1.0
1 1.30
.2 25 .3 10
03 «OI53t>0
10 .1 50
13 12
26 .OB 35 .01 35 .005 3 .01
2t> .50 35 1.00 3b 1.00 3 1.00
*030 01
1 *1.0
1 1.30
ei ii9»aoo
19 .1 50 .2 25 .3 10 .* 5 .5
13 12
26 .0d 3"j .01 37 .005 I .01 1 1.0
26 ,50 35 1.00 37 1.00 I 1.00 1 1.30
• *tQ30 • -252*»
06 36V6COO
10 .1 50 .2 25 .3
05 0*
20 .01 ** .01 3<> .095
20 .50 ** 1.00 34 1.00
*030
1 .01 1 1.0
1 1.00 1 1.30
252*
09 1317760
10 .1 50 .2 25 .3 10 .* 5 .5
03 0?
20 .OH 30 .01 30 .005 10 .01 10 1.0
20 .50 30 1.00 30 1.00 10 1.00 10 1.30
*030 *039
*? UNnESSEL 01
09 12*000
10 .1 SO .2 25 .3 10 .* S .5
13 12
IS .OS 13 .01 60 .005 1 .01 1 1.0
IS .SO 13 t.00 60 I.00 1 1.00 1 1.30
*03e 0100
li CiOPGU
02
01 3520000
10 .1 50 .2 25 .3 10 .*
13 12
20 .OS 35 .01 <.3 .005 1 .01
29 .50 35 I.00 *3 I.00 1 l.OQ
*030 01
1.0
l.JO
0* 320000
10 .) 50 .2 25 .3 10 .*
07 06
20 .OA *5 .01 33 .005 \ .0)
20 .50 *5 1.00 33 I.00 1 1.00
*310 01
1 1.5
1 1.30
28 -ISSISM^f!
0* 35G*0C0
«2
10 .1 50
.2
25
.3 10
.* 5
.5
¦ 3
13 12
»(>
15 ,0 s* * 3
.01
<•0
.005 1
.01 1
1.0
15 .52 *3 1
I .00
*0
1.00 1 :
1.00 l !
1.39
• b
*030
2019
• 7
*a
19
• l
06 ?S60CO
• 2
10 « I SO
.?
?0
.3 10
.* 5
.5
*3
OS t +
1*
?C .Of. Jo
.01
<0
.035 1
.01 1
1.0
• b
20 .50 3t> 1
l.CO
<.0
1.00 1 .
1.00 1 :
1.33
• 6
*030
2019
07
»£»
8~4b
-------
Copied from Ref. 12.
Siltation
Alabama's estuaries are all relatively shallow. No one knows their
original depth, but tlie Spanish and French explorers found Mobile Bay
and Delta too shallow for their ships in the early 1700's. In more modern
times these areas are open for ships and barges only because of constant
channel dredging and maintenance by the U.S. Corps of Engineers.
Siltation is not just a local problem. The estuaries are also
threatened by siltation from upstream sources. Poor land management and
misuse of technology throughout the Mobile River drainage basin causes
various forms of soil erosiony_ which results in siltation-of rivers and
streams. Some silt is carried downstream until it reaches the estuary,
and there is it deposited as the river loses speed. Stream and lake damage
occurs from improper land use near the source, at downstream locations,
and finally in Mobile Delta and Mobile Bay. TaiTure o"f "developers to
properly provide for erosion control results in excessive land erosion.
This is true with many types of land use, such as strip mining; clear
cutting of forests; road construction; construction of impoundments; clear-
ing of large land areas for development of industries, shopping centers,
residential housing subdivisions, and even individual homes; and some
types of farm land use. Sediment deposited in the estuaries may originate
from Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, or Tennessee, Figure 9.
The constant depositing of sediment in the estuaries is literally
causing Mobile Delta and Mobile Bay to fill up. The process begins by
submerged land becoming marsh or tidal land; later the marsh land becomes
dry land. The end result is the loss of the area's valuable estuarine
characteristics. The Mobile River system carries 4.7 million tons of
sediment per year into the Mobile Delta and Bay, Table A. It is csti-
g-5a
-------
gulf or Mexico
FIG. 9.
Source:
Mobile River drainage basin
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
5b
-------
mated that during the last 110 years this region filled up at a rate of
1.7 Coot per century (sonic plates .it the rate of 3 feet). Such changes
in bottom
elevation, though small, will in
time cause drastic
alterat ions
in the characteristics of the estuaries.
Table 4.
Suspended Sediment Load (12-year
monthly average) Tombigbee and
Alabama River Systems
(1952-1963)
Tombigbee
Alabama
Combined
Month
River1
River^
Total
January
335,661
240,899
576,560
February
519,171
385,863
905,034
March
558,482
472,974
1,031,456
April
378,742
437,710
816,452
May
181,524
207,015
388,539
June
4.8.,,2 53
.112,583
160,836
July
71,963
88,089
160,052
August
12,308
42,620
54,928
September
13,794
49,216
63,010
October
18,670
44,550
63,220
November
65,529
51,969
117,498
December
191,090
186,670
337,760
Annual totals 2,395,187
2,320,158
4,715,345
Source: Unpublished data--U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District-
Based on daily suspended sediment data. Average monthly data derived from
Corps data by J. J. Ryan, Florida State University.
^"Station near Leroy, Alabama.
^Station at Claiborne, Alabama.
As shown by Figure 9, the Mobile River system drains some 64 per cent
of Alabama and portions of three adjoining states. The flow from these
areas contains not only sediment but often municipal and industrial
pollution. This is especially true during periods of high rainfall and
heavy runoff vhen all upstream deposits are "flushed out."
2~5c
-------
Section 9
FORTRAN IV G LEVEL 21
MAIN
DATE = 74172
15/05/03
PAGE 000 1
C
C_
000 1
li.C-Q.2_
0'jO 3
U_L' 0 4_.
0 C 0 S
.__.fM.6_
0007
ouo.±_
CO 09
0X,10_
ClOJ 1_
00 12
0 f) 1_3_
00 14
0 0_15_
00 16
0 0.1.7_
00 18
C 0 1 9
WIDE AREA EROSION LOSS, sedimentation movement and rural runoff
PREDICTION PRQCESS.
HOWARD A. TRUE - JUNE 1974.
s A Q_D LV • EP A - S If KL _i_ _A I Hf>i S , GA. PHON E _4 04 - 5 4 6 -_3_1_3 9 .
DIMENSION 1ST <56.19) . PF134,14),IT2<100)»ISN(S),SLP(100). SLL(100)
_Q_Ll'E_N5 ION SEF ( 1 00 > »CM < 100) ,F.C < 100 ) ,SD < 100 ) .DV <3,3, 1 0) ,SR( 10.Oj
_0l! 20
0 0 21
_G J22_
u v 2 3
_C0 24_
V'fis
_0 0 26_
CP 2 7
O023_
0 0 29
•COMMON IST,PF,IT2.1SN.SLP»SLL.SEF.CM,EC.SD.DV,NI.TSECT,SR
COMMON. I SS!l^RSSj_IPS.J.PF,^PFj_Ii SDWF » SDPF . SDKF
COMMON XPSL.XSLG.XSLD.SDA. XSLGD.SDD _
COMMON ISE1.ISE2.ISE3.ISE4.IbLS.SEF1.SEF2.SEF3,SEF4.SEF5
COMMON 1CM1.ICM2.ICM3.ICM4.ICM5.CMF1.CMF2.CMF3.CMF4.CMF5
IECI
COMMON
COMMON
I E C 2, IEC3, I EC4 » IECb.ECFl.ECF2.ECF3.ECF4.ECF5
IS.SYF.rSEGY.SEDET. SEDCY,SEDCM.VR.SDHOD,SDTOC.SRESP.SRESD
HOUSEKCEPING.
JS^L = 1
IS5WT = 1
ISSWP = 1
ISS'Ain = 1
ISSC = 1
INI =
J.N2_=_
ISWl =
I S'«2 =
SET DV TO
DO 54 1=1.
ZERO.
3
DO
DO
54
54
J = 1 ¦
K=1 •
3
10
54
DV(I.J.K) =
DO 79 1=1.
0.0
56
iH
- }-
On
79
DO 79 J = 1,19
J S U 1 . J) = 0
DO d9 1=1.34
DO H9 J=1.14
89
PF < I ¦
REAP
J) =
STATE
0.0
SEGMENT
TABLES EI CODES S. R VALUES.
0 0 30
_0 11 3_1__
0 0 32
_0 0 33
y 0 34
'j: .135
110
_U_L
_L1 3_
1 15
RE AD(5.111) ( 1ST(5d,J).J=1.19)
£ORMAT^( I 2. 18X . 91 2. 2X.9I 3. 1 3X)
IF(IST<56. l)-99) 113.119.119
IF ( 1ST (56. 1)-55) 1 15, 1 15. 1 10
C0\TINUF
II = 1ST(56, 1 )
:-l> 36
_0ij37_
0 0 3d
0 0 3v
0040
0 U 4 1
0042
0043
0.0.4 4_
~U 0 4 5
I) a ^ 6
0 (' 4 7
(J'j4 8_
0 0 4 9
DO 117 J=1 ,19
117 I ST ( 11.J] = 1ST(5fa.J)
GO TO"110
PE'-D EP FACTORS, BUILD PF TABLE.
11') CONTINUE
120 READ<5.121)
(PF ( 34,J),J=1»13)
121
FORMAT ( F H•0.ItiX.12K5.2)
I F(PFt34. 1)-99.)123. 135. 135
123
125
P K(34. 14) =1.0
CONTINUE
JT = PF <34, 1) <
QD )36 J=1.14
.5
136
135
PF(JT.J) =
G_0 Tp_120
CONTINUE
READ TOTAL
PF <34,J)
AREA DATA - AREA CARDS 1-6.
-------
FORTRAN IV
G LEVEL
21 MAIN DATE = 74172
15/05/03
PAGE 0002
0050
0051
.300
W E A 0(5 « 3 0]) (172(I)t1-1.20)
Rf-AD<5.301) ( IT 2 ( I ) , 1=51,70)
0054
0 0 55
R E A1) ( 5 • 3 0 1 ) ( IT2 (I ) , i =61 , 80)
READ(5i301) ( H 2 ( I) , 1 =81, 100)
0 0 56
30 1
C
r Ok:-hs,T (20 A4 )
»ff|) AREA CAWO MY.
u 0 57
0 0 59
303
Rf->U rS 2
ISSi'lP = ISSWP + LP
ISSWD = ISSWD ~ LD
0 0 6 3
U u 6 4
1SSC = ISSC + LT ~ LP + LD
IF (IPS.tO. 0) GO TO 730 3
0 0 65
0 0 66
7303
GO TO 7304
ISS'.V = 2
00^7
0 li 6 8
VwSS = IPF
IPS = 0 1
0 0 69
0070
730<*
IPK = 0
TF ( IPF.EO.O) IPF = 12
00 71
C
iF ( 1RNS.EO.0) IKNS = 3451427
IMirirtLI?E RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR.
0 U 7 2
0 0 73
CALL R:-1G ( I "T'lS, INI , 1N2, ISW 1 )
SEDET = 0.0
0 0 7 4
C
306
i-tn) STATE CARD.
READ(5,307) ISC, (ISM(J) , J= 1,5) ,ICTSS
CV
1
00 75
0095 do i3os i =~rrn
0096 IF(XSGN.EQ.PF (I, 1)) GO TO 1306
-------
FORTRAN IV G LFVFL 21 MAIN DATE = 74172 15/05/03 PAGE 0003
0097
1305
CONTINUE
0 0 9R
T = 1
0 U 99
C
130b
XPF = PF ( I , IPF + 2) - PF (I,I PS~ 1)
UNIT CAOO «?.
c
READ SE CARD AND BUILD 100 VALUE TABLE. SEF(IOO) K VALUES.
0 100
READ (5.313) ISE1 ,SEF1 ,ISE2.SEF2,ISE3.SEF3,ISE4,SEF4,ISE5,SEF5
0 10 1
313
FORMAT(40X,b(I3,F5.0))
0 10?
ISS2 = TSF1 + ISF.2
— 0103
IS53 = IS52 ~ I SI- 3
0 1 0 ^
1554 = 1553 ~ ISF4
0 1 0 5
IS55 = 1S54 + 1SE5
n 106
DO 319 7=1-100
0 107'
IF ( I .OT . ISM ) GO TO 315
0 1 OH
SfcF ( I ) = St F 1
0 109
GO TO 319
.. 1" i 1 0
31!?
IF(I.GT-TS52) GO TO 316
•Jill
SEF ( I) - SEF 2
0 ! IS
GO TO 319
0 113
316
IF(I.GT.ISE3) GO TO 317
<¦11^
SEF ( I ) = SEF 3
"1 15
GO TO 319
0 116
317
IF(I.OT.IS54) GO TO 318
0 117.
SEF ( I ) = SF.F4
0 ! 1 tf
GO TO 319
C 1 1 9
318
IF(I.GT.IS55) GO TO 320
Hi 20
SFF (!) = SE F5
0121
GO TO 319
C\
1
¦ 0 1 ? 2
320
SFF (I) = .33
0123
319
C 0 ' J T I f'kJF
ON
c
ii'Jir c/'»o «3.
c
READ SLOPE * 6. SLOPE LENGTH CARD, BUILD 100 VALUE PROB. TABLES.
0 124
READ (5.331) XPSL,XSLD,XSLG,XSLGD
j 125
331
F 0 P ,'•! A T ( 4 0 X . 4 F 5 . 0 )
'J 1 26
XSPL = XPSL - XSLD
0 127
c
XSPH = XPSL * XSLD
F0J MUITI-ACRE PI or SIZF WITH NO GIVEN SLOPE LENGTH. THE SLOPE
c
RANGE OF 46.7 TO 233.5 FEET (1 ACRE EO.) IS ASSIGNED.
128
IF (XSI.G) 332,332.333
129
332
X S L G D = 93.4
0 1 30
XSLG = 14 0.1
!' 131
333
CO'lT INUF
'i 1 3?
X|_L = XSLG - XSI.GO
0 1 33
XLH = XSLG ~ XSLOD
0 134
aSP1 = (XS"H - XSPL) / 100.0
0 1 35
XSLI = (XLH - XLL) / 100.0
0 136
HO 334 I = 1,100
137
?LP ( I) = XSPL
«,• 1 33
XS;->L = XSPL ~ XS^I
¦} 139
SLL. ( 1 ) - XLL
0 140
XLL = XLL + XSL I
C 141
c
334
co^i r i;juf.
UNIT cti;u *4.
c
READ CROPPING MGT. CARD AND BUILD 100 VALUE TABLE. CM(IOO).
0 142
PFAD(5,336) I CM 1.CMF1,ICM2.CMF2,ICM3,CMF3,ICM4.CMF4,I CMS» CMF5
0 14 3
3 36
FORMAT(40XT5(13.FS.0))
r, 1 UU
IF ( IC'-11 ~ IC'-'2 - ICM3+ICM4+ ICM5) 14 35, 1435, 1436
9145 1435 ICMl = 24
0 Kb CMF1 = .OH
-------
FORTRAN IV 6 LFVFL
21
MAIN DATE = 74172 15/05/03
PAGE 0004
<¦1^7
0 l) 155?
I Cm4 = 10
C K 4 = .0 1
0)53
0 154
IC.h5 = 15
C (•' F 5 = 1.0
0)55 1436
0 1 56
If 4? = 1C«I ~
IC43 = JC42
ICM2
I CI' 3
< 157
-isa
IC44 = 1C43 +
IC6 = IC44 ~
IO*4
10.5
0 159
0 1 <50
l)u 344 1 = 1.100
IF < I .0 I . I C-11 ) GO TO 345
MM
0 1 62
Cr- ( I ) = CMF1
G0 Tn 34 9
1,163 345
j 1*4
IF ( I .r, r. IC42)
C"i ( r ) = CMF2
GO TO 346
"165
0 1 66 34 6
GO TO 34 9
IF ( r.GC.(C43)
GO TO 34 7
0 167
l1 1 6 6
CM <1 ) = CHF3
g<> 70 14 9
U 1 69 347
y 1 70
IF( 1 .G r.IC4M
C' f i > = Ci'-".F4
GO TO J4H
0 171
CI 7? 348
GO 10 34 9
IF ( I .G1 .1C4 5)
GO TO 350
0 1 7 3
0 ) 74
C-i ( I ) = C"Fb
(-0 TO J49
¦•3-
I
n 1 75 350
0 176 349
Ci'(I) = . W4
COhT I n1 IF
O
C
C
H'lir ''5.
^F 1I.1 F-'OSIO"!
COHT^OL CMO AND riUILO 100 VALUE TABLE. EC(100)
U 1 7 7
¦j 178 351
¦hJ'b ( 5- 351 ) 11C 1 • c C K 1 » IE.C2-CCF2, IEC3.ECF3* ItC4,ECF4, IEC5»ECf 5
FOr 1 T (40X»5(I3.f5.0) )
¦J 179
ilHO 352
ir (1 fi c 1+1F. c 2 ~
ltd = 24
IEC3 +IEC4+IEC5) 352.352,354
0 I H I
0 182
E C F 1 = .50
1EC2 = 19
0 1 *3
0 184
ECF'd = 1.0
IEC3 = 32
1 0 185
0 136
ECF3 = 1.0
IF.C4 = 10
iM 0 7
0 180
ECF4 = 1.0
1EC5 = 15
0 1 89
0190 354
ECF5 = 1.3
IF 32 = IEC1 ~
IEC2
0 191
0 192
Ih 33 = IE32 ~
IR 34 = IF33 +
IEC3
IEC4
0 193
0 194
IF.35 = IE 34 ~ IEC5
DO 359 1=1.100
0 195
0 196
IF ( I ,(3T . IEC1 )
ECU) = ECF1
GO TO 355
0 197
0 198 355
GO TO 359
IF(I.GT.If 32)
GO TO 356
0 199
0200
EC ( I) = ECF2
GO TO 359
0201 356
0202
IF(I.GT•IE 33)
EC
-------
FORTRAN IV G LEVEL 21 MAIN DATE = 74172 15/05/03 PAGE 0005
0 20 3 GO TO 359
0204 357 IF ( I .GT.IF34) GO TO 35H
0205 EC ( I) = ECF4
U 2 Q.6 G Q _T_Q 3 5,9
0207 358 IF( I ,GT .IE35) GO TO 360
£20.3 FC ( I ) r rr.FS
0 20 9 GO TO 3 59
,—0210 36'1_EC_(_I1__5 ..230 _ .
21 1 359 CONTINUE
C UM.II_CAR0_!i6..
C WE £ D SEO. DEL. %»N»P»K«BOD»TOC FACTORS & SEDIMENT MIGRATION %.
C BJ21LQ ino VM UF SEDIMENT DELIVERY S. SEP I ME NT MIGRATION _ TABLES.
u 21 2 RE AD (5.371) SOA,SOD»SDNF,SOPF,SDKF,SDbOD»SDTOC«SRESP»SRESD
U21 3 371 FORMAT (4pX.F3.0.F2.0.5h5.0>F3.0,F2.0) !
0 21* SOL = *
C CALCULATE i00% R.O. WEIGHTED fcSUD TOC NIT P04 PERIOD LOADS.
0 233 P E E V = COWT - CO WD
->239 POULT = POULT + HROIL/^.5
0 2J-0 GO TO ( 37rt, 377) . ISWW
i.2^1 377 '.vFF = C.O
l>2*2 XI FF = 7.0/365.0
0 2*3 GO TO 363
'.'24* 378 HFF = Q.O
0 2*5 XI.FF = 0.0
u246 00 382 I = IPS. IPF
1.2*7 XLFF = XLFF + .0833
0 2*8 IFd.GT.0 6) GO TO 362
'.•2*9 IF ( I .I.f .02) 1/jFF = .VFF + .0833
0 250 IF ( I 03) WFF = Wr'F ~ .0*17
0 2 51 IF ( I . b~'). U 4 ) WFF" =WFF + . 0 A 1 7
L252 IF ( f.EO .05) iVFF = WFF + .00H33 ,
0 253 IFd.EO.06) WFF = WFF ~ .00633
t.'25* 3^2 CO' 1TINUE
-------
FORTRAN rv G LEVEL 21 MAIM DATE = 74172 " 15/05/03 PAGE 0006
i,J5S 35 3 COM I I'm it-"
5 6 '¦JhF - vl K F o 365.1:
0 257" "xLfK = XLFF * J oh'. 0
0 258 ZHODW = dFOO'L " . 0 20 6 * wFF
0259 ^lumo = ( MEEF" .03) ~ (COWU*. 19) ~ (Sw INE*. 1541 + (POULT» .00050) ) <*XLFF
0 260 7T Of W = v.'FOw'L '' .0000 ° WFr
0 261 Xior.o = ( Irr'tri- . 1 0 )* ( C()wU<'. 23 ) ~ (SW INE«. 156) + (POULT*' .00070 )) »XI_FF
0 26? /.I'll rw = WFQi-L « .0057 /iFb
7)263 AlIID = ( HEEF'-.OuB) ~ (COWL)'-. 034) ~ (SWINE". 009) ~ (POULT* .00020) ) »XLFF
0 2 64 7.1M - h'F Olv L_ J> _ ,00 7o WFF
0265 ?i-«0'in = ( <"wh EFo'.OO 3) + (COWO1' .027) + o >;b.
r-V AO I.TTTER CARD.
'J 2 6 7
|i 26A
386
Rr .Mi (5, 386) \ L P A . X1. N F sXLPF.XLi^r *XLBoQ*XLrOC
Ff)-'.' 1A 1 ( 4 0 X • F 5 . 0 « 5F 5. O J
l; c"-9
(i 2 7 0
FDl'flU = S0>>"JL 5 'J ICI-13 » .01
XI T A = ,
-------
J1Z55.
0 296
0297
jiz^a
J1299.
JLlQJi
030 1
_0_30.2
030 3
0 30 4
~Q305
J13 0 6.
jj_'jn 7.
0 30c!
J 30 9.
0 3 ! 0
_0.3 1 L
0312
n 313
1*3 14.
0 315
X.317.
0 3 1
_C3.14_
0 3 20
a! 3 ? 1
0 3 22
3 2 ^
Jj.325.
C- 3 ? 6
r. 327_
',3?cJ
p;-?9
o 3 30
iL33_l_
0 332
i'333.
0 334
.i-LH.
J j3
20.0)
20.0)
(XL ITP
(XL I IP
.01)
xlpf « .oi)
XLKF * .01)
DV < 1
DV ( 1 ¦
. b) =
,'¦)) -
DV ( 1 •
O^JIj
a)
9)
(TSEGY*SDuOD»20.0)
( TSEGY^SDTOC^ 20.0)
(XL IrPuXLHODft.01)
(xLlfP^XLTOCg.QI)
84 0 1
440 3
DV(1 ,1,10) = DV(1, 1, 10)
GO TO (84 0 3, B4Q 1 ) , ISS/'O
CALL PPVOET
CONTINUE
(XPF
XMDPA)
434
COf-i T INUE
GO TO (8441'
8440),ISSWD
84 4 0
844 1
CALL h'E^DS
CONTINUE
DV ("l .1,1) = ACSG
SXK = DV( 1 . I.3) /
DV(1-1,2)
DV ( 1
ov (L
2
• 5)
i b )
= (Z'-llTD
- (ZP04D
SXF )
SXF- )
Zn 1 Tw
ZP1./4W
DV(1,2,fl) =
0 V (1, 2, 9) =
(ZbODD
(zrocn
SXF)
SXF)
ZHQDH
L TOCW
-------
FORTRAN IV G LEVEL 21 MAIN DATE = 7*. HI 09/b2/50 PAGE COOK
...0 340 UO. 4 35 -J= 1 . 1 (3
1341 4 35 nV(l,3.J) = OV(l.l.J) + DV(l»a-J)
113if I = ICTSS ~ 1 - ICTbt, ... .. ...
"343 WhITF(0.4401) I . SGMLS . tnv ( i . 1. K) .K = l. 10 )
.0344 ^^+0 J FDRfiAT < T] . • LAMJ -<• -F6. 1 ,»)--• .4F12 .2.6F 1 0.0)
"34 5 Ifl'T.rfj.O) GO TO '^06
..:>34 6 - WR' [ I E(£.44 03) (fJ V. { 1 »2.K).»K = b.9) ¦
¦; 34 7 ' ¦ 4403 FORMAT ( T 11 ' L I VESTOCK/FUtfL ¦ . 4 R X» 5 F I 0 . 0 )
sli'.a WRITE(6.440b) . (I3V { i , J.K) .r = l. 10) -
'>-!<*¦) 440b Fot'liAT ( T l. ' Ulin TOTALS • . 4F l 2 . 2, 6F l 0 . 0 / )
i) 350 . . .44 U b.. C()' i I [ NU E. . .. . . . . . . .. .. - _
C RESET OFT AIL P.-ilNT SWITCH AFTER PRINTING O^E UNIT.
..11351 ISS.s'O . =_1 1
( j52 LD = r,
. .. C ... . ACC. Sr.tj. TO Si ATE. CLEAK.btG.
¦i 353 !.Hj 54a 1 J = 1.3
1355 C'V (2, J.K) = Ui/(2.J.K) + OV(l.J.K)
35 6 5 4 4 1. OV (.1 .J.K)- =. 0 .0 -
'•357 lcrs<-, = ICTST, - 1
35hi . .. . . If- ( ICTSG) 442 . 442* 31 u . . .. . . —
i 350 4 4 2 COu r I iijUE
(': 3 6 U .. _. .... ... IF (/ T.!! U. 0 ) Gf) 10 4 _..... ..
;>3M i"R 1 TE ( * .44 n ) (IW(MiM.K = 1iH)
.. l 34 2 4 4 LL_ F.Ot"'1 \ T { T 1.. '— ^ T aT E . oRGUP..!_ ANL> 1 .4F12.2. 6F1I.0 . 0 )
1.343 wf- II C (6.4M3) C>V (2.2,p.) ,k=5.9)
'.i 354 _ . 4413 F(jivf." T ( f 1 . ' L i V E ST OCK/F O.-L < » 4ttX , 5F 10 . 0 ) . .
;j34 5 44L4 'rfiM 1 E (6. 44 1 d) (I"=M(J>, J = 1 . 5) . ( 0 V ( 2 . 3 . K ) . K= 1 » 1 0 )
L 3 6 6 h4 15 F L) R. ¦'! t T ( I 1 . ' ' .5A4.2X.4F12.2.6FlQ,fj/) _ . _.
C ACC. SI ATE TO bKAUO TOTAL. CLEAR STATE.
. u 3 6 7. L;0 ..445. J=.._ 1 . 3
f34-> 00 4 45 K = 1 • 1r
'i 34 9 . ....... I,-J (3. J.K) = -0V (3. J.K) ~ DV (2. J.K). .. .. . . _ . ..
v370 4 45 :1V (2. J.K ) = 0.0
¦ .i 71 . 440 IC1 ^ •" i C T S - 1 _ . ......... .... .. .
r-372 IF(JCr-i) 4bi).45'1. J'j6"
... C COl'PLhTE -HLPOK.T.
" 37 3 450 CO-llIMUE
'.-374 IF (ZT.r.U.O) GO TO 44?<, _ ...... .
."37b WW n rJ (t. 4421 ) (' J V ( 3. 1 , K ) ,K = 1 . 1 :i)
•..376 . .. _ 442 1 KJ-'-lAT (Tl» • ARr.A LAUD _ < . 4F 1 2.2 . 6F 1 0 . 0 ) .
"377 '.V'^iTE (*.4423) (i! V ( 3 . 2 . M . K =5 . 9 )
¦j 373 4423 FORMA f (.T 1, .... .. L I VEST OCK/.FO»,I .' . 4BA ,.5F10.. g )
'¦379 4424 w"I TF (ti.442b) (:) V ( 3 . 3 . K ) . K = 1 . 11))
(",3ri0 44c!b FORMAT (fl.' (,RAi\!i) TOTALS . ..... • »4h 1 2.2. 6F 10. U ) , . .
¦: 3^1 [FISriltD 4429.442^.4424
'.'3R2 4426 X C F = SF.UET # ( 20 0 0 . 'J/5d . 4) .... ._ ... ... ..
'.•353 SFOCY = XCF / 27.0
'j j 34 SEDC'1. =_bEOCY./ 1 .307.9 _ ; —
(/J'-* 5 W< i T tr { 6 . 4 4 cl 7 ) h DE T . b F OL V . LDC<1
u 3 d b .... ..4427 FORi-IAT (1 1 • 1 U (SF.U IMENT MIGRATION TO A IEKMIMAL POINT= »,FI2.2»
]' SHORT T0Ns OR • »F12.2.• CUHIC YuROS OR '.F12.2.' CUBIC METERS)')
C.3d7 .. ........ 44^9. COIJI IfJiJF . - . — - ..... _. .. .. ... --
)3dd CALL E.MF
tNu
-------
FORTRAN
IV G LEVEL
21 RNG DATE = 74172 15/05/03
PAGE 0001
000 1
C
SUBROUTINE RNG(IA,INI,IN2,ISW)
GFNFPATt. AMD RETURN A RANDOM NUMBER 1 -10 AT INI f. 1-100 AT IN2,
0002
riom
DIMENSION 1ST <56,19), PF <34,14),IT2<100),ISN ,cm n no),fc 100.)
0020
0^?1
IF ( IN2.r.0. 0 ) IN2 = 100
INI = Th'?/1u
0 0 22
0 0? 3
IX = YFL * 10000000.
RFTiJPrJ
0 0 24
END
o
9
- O
-------
FORTRAN IV G LEVEL 21
HEADS
DATE = 74172
15/05/03
000 1
C
SUBROUTINE HEADS
WRITF REPORT HFAOINGS.
0002
0 0 (1 3
DIMENSION 1ST (56, 19) . PF < 3'+» 14) , I T2 ( 1 00 > ~ ISN ( 5> , SLP (100) »SLL (100)
DTMFNSION SFF (100) » CM(10 0) » FC(100) ,SD ( 1 00),DV(3»3?10)» SR(100)
0U04
oons
COMMON Ist,PF»IT2»ISN»SLP»SLL»SEF»CM,EC»SD»DVtNI»TSEGT»SR
COMMON T SSW ,VR5S, I PS • IPF • XPF • IRF , I CD. IK , VK, 1 SP I, ILL I. VL.S. IC» VC» IP
0 006
0007
COMMON VP.NP«SGPLS,VA,ISCtICNT,ACSG,SDNF»SDPF,SDKF
COMMON XPSI .XS| G,XSLD,SDA,XSLGD,SOD
0008
010 9
COMMON ISE1,I S E 2,I S E 3,ISE4,ISE5,SEF1,SEF2,SEF3.SEF4,SEF5
COMMON TCMl,IC'-!2,ICM3,1CM4.ICM5.CMF1,CMF2»CMF3,CMK4,CMF5
00 10
0 u 1 1
COMMON IE C) .1EC2,IEC3,IEC4.IEC5,tCF1,ECF2,ECF3•ECF4,ECPb
C0f".' 10n TS,SYF • T SFG Y » SEDnT , Sf: L)C Y , SEDOM , VR , SOl.tOD , SDTOC , SRESP , SRESD
G v 12
0 0 13
30 ^
u'f
0 0 17
0 0 1 B . „ _
..-.7.4Q5
GO TO 30 60
WRITE(6,305) IPS.fPF
0 0 19
¦ oc?o
305
30 60
F ORMA T(T1,• *»»» PERIOD MONTHS «,I2,« - '.12/)
CONTINUE
0 v 2 1
CO 22
304
WRITE(6,309)
FORMAT LIBS HOD LHS TOC LBS ACID *7_
SLHS'/Tl,50(• «),' On
6— '/)
uo23
END
-------
000 1
0002
jiaoa
0004
pons
0006
0008
Pf 09
00 10
JLlQJLL
00 12
_0_Q_L3_
00 14
jiO_L5.
00 16
0')) 7
00 18
_P_0 l.i
0 0 20
.Q 0.2 L
0 0 22
mi ? 3
0C24
£.22 i.
0 0 26
¦CO? 7
G LEVEL 21 PRTT8L DATE = 74172 15/05/03 PAGE 0001
SUBROUTINE PRTTBL
C. PkTNT T ABI FS FOR VFR I F T C A T T ON.
DIMENSION 1ST <56. 19) . PF <34. 14).IT2(100)»ISN(5).SLP (100)~SLL(100)
COMMON rST.PF, IT2, I SN,SLP.SLL»SEF»CM»EC.SD.DV»NI» TSEGT.SR
COMMON TS5W.VRSS* I PS.TPF.XPF.IRF.I CD>IK.VK,TSPI.ILL I.VLS.IC.VC.IP
¦COMMON VP.NPiSGPLS.VA,isc»1CNT.acsg.sdnf.sdpf.sdkf
C.QMHQN—KE S UXSUiiX S LDj.S QAtJi S LGLIj .SD_D
COMMON ISE1.ISE2.ISE3,ISE4.ISE5.SEF1, SEF2.SEF3.SEF4,SEF5
CQi4M£)fci I_CMI. ICM2. IC'-13>_LCM4. ICM5jCM.Fl ,CMF2.CmF3,CM£4±_CMF5
COMMON IFC1 , IEC2. 1EC3.IEC4.IEC5,ECF1,ECF2»ECF3,ECF4.ECF5
COMMON IS.SYF.TSFGY.SEDET.SEDCY.SEOCm,VR. SDROD. SD TOC. SRESP.-SRESD
WRIIE < 6 » 190)
190 FORN.AT (T 1 . ' 1 TABIE OF STATE QATA'.//>
DO 1^2 I = 1» 55
IF" t IST (I > 1 ) ) I92. 192. 119Q
1190 WRITE (6? 191) ( 1ST ( I . J) .J=1.19)
191 FORMAT (T1 « ' '.T2.5X.9T3.bX.914)
192 CONTINUE
W wj J E_( L, 1 SLii
193 FORMAT ( V1 1 TAdLE OF PERIOD hACTORS',//)
Q.Q_ JX9A_I=J j. 3 3
IFtPF(I.l) .EO.O.O) GO TO 1194
XRITF (6.1^4) (PFtl.J). J=1.14)
194 FORMAT
-------
FORTRAN
IV G LEVEL 21 PRTPRT DATE = 74172 15/05/03
PAGE 0003
0001
SUBROUTINE PRTPRT
T PR TNT PROBAh II TTY TABLES.
0002
(1(1(11
DIMENSION 1ST(56,19), PF(34,14),IT2(100),ISN(5),SLP<100>,SLL (100)
niMFNston SFF (100),CM(100) ,FC(100),SD(100),DV(3,3,10) ,SR ( 100)
0004
Cions
COMMON 1ST «PF,IT2,ISN,SLP,bLL,SEF»CM,EC,SD,DV,NI,TSEGT.SR
COMMON TSSW , VRSS. TPS, IPF , XPF, TRF, ICQ, IK, VK, ISPI , 11 1 I , VI. S , IC., VC , 1P
0006
r, o n 7
COMMON VP,NP, SGPLS,V A,ISC,ICNT,ACSG,SDNF,SDPF,SDKF
COMMON XPSI ,XSI f>,XSl n-SI)A,XSI 0 D , S110
oooa
0 0 0 9
COMMON ISE1,ISE2,ISE 3,ISE4,ISE5,SEF1,SEF2,SEF3,SEF4,SEF5
COMMON TCMl,TCM2,TCM3,TCM4,ICM5,CMF1,CMF2,CMF3,CMF4,CMF5
00 10
001 1
COMMON I EC 1 , [ EC2, I EC j, IE C4, IEC5, F.CF 1 , ECF2', ECF3, ECF4, ECF5
COMMON IS.SYF, TSFGY.SEDEI ,SEOCY ,St"DCM, VR,SDHOD,SDTOC,SRESP, SRESD
00 12
0013
WRITE(6.«004) ISC,ICNT,ACSG,SG^LS,SDNF,SDPF,SDKF,3DB00, SDTOC , SRESP
*004 F0PMAT(T1 , • 1 »<>PROR, Tril S„^^STATt= ',12,' UNIT= ',14,' UNIT AC,= ',
IF 10 . 2 - • PLOT SZ. AC. = ', F6.lv' N-(i)= »»F6.2,« P-«)= ',F6.2,
?' K-m = ' ,SEF5, ICM5 , CMF5, IEC5 ,ECF5
00 17
8007 FORMAT (T1 » ' ',13,' %= ',F6.3,T24,' AVG= >,F6.3,T44,' AVG= »,F6.0,
1 T 64 , I 3 , 1 %=¦ ' ,K6.3,T84, 13, ' %= ' . F6 . 3, T 1 04 . ' AVG. % = »,F6.2/
sH
S
2 T],' ',13,' ' , F6.3,T 24, ' DEV= ' ,F6*3,T4 4,' D E V = ' , F 6 • 0,
3 T 64,I 3, ' "*> = ' ,F6.3,T^4,13, ' %= •,F6.3,T104, ' OEV = 'iFfc.2/
CJN
00 13
4 3(T1, ' ',13,' % = '» F b•3,T 64~I 3 » ' ^ = '»F6.3,Tt34,I3,' , F 6 . 3 /) )
WRrTP (6,Rooe)
0019
faOOM FORMAT (T 1 , ' ',2(' U FACTOR'),2(' » PCT.'),2(' U FEET'),
12(' " FACTOR").2 ( ' * PCT.'),2(' n FACTOR')/)
0 o 20
0 r. ? 1
DO 8011 1=1,50
1?^ I + so
0 0 22
WRITE(6,HO 10) I.SEF (I) .12,SEF (12) ,I,SLP(I), I2,SLP'(I2) »I * SLL CI) «
1 12.SLL(12) ,I,CM(I)«I2iCM(I2),I,EC(I),I 2,EC(I 2),I,SO
-------
FORTRAN
IV G LEVEL
21 PRTDET DATE = 74172 15/05/03
PAGE 0001
1/001
r.
SUBROUTINE PRTDET
PRINT OFT A 11 „
0002
0 0 0 3
DIMENSION 1ST(56,19)9 PF(34,14)9 IT2 (100),ISN(5),SLP(100)»SLL<100)
_DiyFt:SION SEF(100) ,CM(100),EC(100),50 (100) .DV(3? 3, 10),SR ( 100)
0004
0005
COMMON 1ST, PF,IT 2,ISN,SLP,SLL,SEF,CM,EC,SD,DV,NI,TSEGT,SR
COMMON TSSW.VKSS. TPS, TPF , XPF, Ik'F , ICD, IK»VK• ISPI • ILL I , VL 5, IC,VCt IP
00C6
0007'
COMMON VPWnIP.SGPLS, VA, ISC, ICNT,ACSG»SDNF,SDPF,SDKF
COMMON XP5L,XSLG,XSLD)SD.a,XSi GO,SDD
0 00 8
0 0 0 9
COMMON ISE1,ISE2,I St 3,ISE4,ISE5,SEF1, SEF2,SEF3,SEF4,SEF5
_C.QMMOW. I CM 1 » I CK2» I CM3, I CM4 , ICM5,CMF1, CMF2, CMF3, CKF4 , CMF 5
00 10
CO 1 1
COMMON I EC 1 , IF.C2, IEC3, IEC4, IEC5.ECF1, ECF2,ECF3,ECF4,ECF5
COMMON I S , S Y F , T S F G Y , S t-" D E T , S E D C Y ,SFOCM,VR,SDBOD,SDTOC,SRESP»SRESD
'J 0 1 21
00 13
2400
IF(NI.E 0. 1) WRITE(6,2400!
FORMAT(T1,®1 DETAIL CALCULATIONS FOR EACH SMALL PLOT'//)
0 0 14
00 1 S
240 1
WRITE(6,2401) VR,ICD
FORMAT (T1 , ' R-FROSI ON INDE* UNITS (IRF) = »,F6.0.» EI-NO. = «»I5>
0016
00 17
24n 3
WRITE(6,2403) IK,VK
FORMAT (T 1 , ' K-SOII FRO!) T B II T T Y RNO = ',13, • (VK) = »,F6.4)
O'J 18
00 1 9
240S
WRITE(6, 2405) ISP1,SLP(ISPI),ILLI,SLL(ILLI>,VLS
FORMAT (Tl,' OPF.% RN0 = ',12,' SLOPE £ = ',F6.2,« I.GTH RNO= »«I29
0 0 20
1' LGTH= ' , F 6 . 0 •> ' LS = ',F6.2)
WPTTF(6,24 0 7) IC.VC
0021,
0022
2407
FORMAT(Tl,' C-CROPPING MGT. RNO= »,I3,» VC = »,F8.4)
WRITF(6,2409) TP,VP
0023
0 0 24
2409
FORMAT (Tl , • P-EROSI ON CONTROL RNO= ",I3,» VP = '9F8.2)
WRTTF(6,2410) I S,SYF,TSEGY
0025
2410
FOPMATfTl,' SED. RNO = ! ,13,• SED. YIELD FACTOR^ »,F10.5,« SED. YIE
1L!) TO,\JS= ' , F 1 0 . 5)
6—1
8
0026
0 0 27
2411
WRITE (6.2411) NP,SGPLS »I PS,IPF,XPF,VA,TSEGT
FORMAT (Tl , ' NO.OF Pl.OTS = ',18,' ACRES/PI OT = ',F8.2,» PERIOD = »,
O
1 12,' TO ',12,' UNLESS SINGLE STORM INDICATED'/
2 Tl,' PERIOD FACTOR = '.F6.2,' TONS/ACRE = ««F8.2,
......0 0 2?
3 ' ACCUMULATED TONS FOR StG.6. PERIOD = <,F12.2)
WRITE (6,2413)
CO 29
mo
24 13
FORMAT(T 1 , • »,120(• — ¦)/)
FfJO
-------
FORTRAN IV G LEVEL 21
RNOTBL
DATE = 74172
15/05/03
000 1
c.
SUBROUTINE RNOTBL(ISEED)
GENERATE TARI F OF RANDOM NUMBERS USING INPUT SEED.
0002
DIMENSION IT (50,40)
r>n0 3
IX = T s r F 0
0004
DO 20 J=l,40
nnos
no ?n t=i.so
c
•RANDOM NUMBER GENERATOR.
nnnf>
TY = TX o 6S539
0007
IF(1Y) 5,6,6
onnH
5 T Y = IY + 2147483647 + 1
0009
6 YFL = IY
00 10
YFI = YFI « .4656613E-9
00 11
IT 100.
00 l ?
IX = YFI » 10000000.
00 13
20 CONTINUE
0 0 14
WP1TF (6,25)
00 15
25 FORMAT(Tin'IT ABLE OF RANDOM NUMBERS - READ DOWN COL BY COL - ZERO
IIS CONVFRTFD TO 100 FOR SUBSCRIPTING 100 VALUE TABLES"/)
00 16
DO 30 I = 1,50
00 17
WRITE(6,26)
-------
FORTRAN
IV G LEVEL
21 LSTBL DATE = 74172 15/05/03
PAGE 0001
0001
C
SUBROUTINE LSTBL
PRORIJCF SI OPE K S! OPE % TABLE OVER RANGE 1-25% AND 10 - 300 FT.
0002
0001
DIMENSION XLSR(25930)»ISL (30)
no 19 1=1,?5
0004
oo s
DO 19 J=l,30
XT = 1
0006
0 00 7
XJ = J » 10.0
T SI (.1) = J «¦ 10
0008
1 f: 0 0 9
1 9
XLSR ( I » J) = <(XJ/75.0)** 0.6) » ((XI/9.0)** 1.4)
COimT IiMiJF
00 10
00 11
?n
WRITE(6,20)
FORMAT(T1,'1TAHLE OF IS FACTORS FOR PROBABLE SLOPE % & SLOPE LENGT
0(1 1 2
1H COMBINATIONS'//)
WPITr(6,?l) (rSL(J),J=1,30)
0013
00 1 A
21
FORMAT(T 1, 1 SLOPE FT . > > 1 » 30 14/ )
00 24 1=],25
00 15
J 00 16
22
WRITE(6,22) I,(XLSR(I.J)~J=1,30)
FORMAT( T 1 , ' ',12,• %SI OPE ',30F4.1)
. 0 C 1 7
. o o i n
24
CONTINUE
FHD
-------
Section 10
SPECIAL NOTES AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1. The greatly reduced copy of USDA-ARS Handbook 282 in Section 11
is not intended for general reading purposes because the print
is too small. The main purpose is to display the tables and
curves which are referred to throughout this writeup by such terms
as Figure 1, Table 1 etc.
2. Some specific references are made to the reference list; however
over a hundred articles and publications were, reviewed and many
default values and theories are composites of several sources
and not attributable to any single source. The author has drawn
heavily on his past operations research experience in industry and
land use analytical methods developed while affiliated with a
resource management firm.
3. Section 11 contains literature extracts that might prove helpful
or explain why certain values were used.
4. Section 5 Key Punch Instructions carries special notes about each
card; however the following statements may shed some additional
light:
Area Cards: Cards 1-4 are for 2-120 position report heading lines
and the middle characters of these lines should be centered at
column 60 of cards 1&3. Card 7 has a Field to Modify the Sequence
of Random Numbers Generated (Power Residue Method) if desired;
however the default seed (Pregnancy Analogy) value of 3451427
will give about 500,000 2 position random numbers (00-99) before
repeating the same sequence. SW1 (1 in column 58) of card 7
also produces a small table of random numbers that will be used
with the injected seed value but the first table random number
will not be used in the active program. See Section 7 for table
illustrations.
State Card: The list of State FIPS (Federal Information Processing
Standard 5 11/1/68) numbers is in Section 11.
Land Unit Cards: Card #1: The state regionalized map Sll is in
Section 11. Card //2: K values are obtained by relating an un-
listed soil type to those listed in Section 11 HB 282 Table 1 on
page 5. Card //4: This card is vital in that the forest percen-
tage in SET it3 is used later by the Litter Calculating Process,
it would be advisable to completely punch this card or leave it
totally blank if the CEQ-SMSA default values are adequate.
Card If 5: This card can be left blank unless better values than
the Good Set of Default Values are known. Cards 6, 7, 8 & 9,
should be carefully developed because they supply the information
to the Basic Process Structure to produce a meaningful report.
5. New knowledge is being disseminated continuously by EPA-R&D
in the Five Technology Transfer Series and many improved loading
factors from published special studies fit right into this process
to make it a highly refined operational tool.
10-1
-------
M
H
e
M
<00 coo
FIGURE 4-1. j\
Iso-erodent Map (R Values for the Erosion Equation).
(Wischmeier and Smith, 1965)
jo
lot
lo
Set
H'
o
p
!e
-------
PERIOD TABLE -
Input cards for 33 Sub-Areas.
MlTt " Wf.MOVE ALL CARDS wlfn » IN COL O0 "
• THIS IS TriE TABLE Of PERIOD FACTORS
I jo I 10 I 20 I 30 I 40 I 50 I 60 I 70 »
1 ^3^'36> 78 90 1 23456 78901234^678 90123h56 78 *0 1 2 34567890 12345678901 234567890 1 23456789»
01
.00
.00
.00
.01
.03
. 1 1
.37
.63
.89
.97
1.00
1.00
02
.00
.00
.01
.02
.06
.18
.42
.67
.85
.95
.99
1.00
03
.00
.00
.01
.02
.06
.22
.52
.69
.85
.93
.98
1.00
04
.00
.01
.03
.OS
.12
.27
.47
.62
.75
.89
.97
.99
05
.00
.02
.04
.09
.21
.37
.53
.64
.73
.87
.94
.98
Ob
.00
.00
.00
.02
.07
.27
.45
.60
.74
.87
.98
1.00
07
.00
.01
.03
.06
.13
.40
.56
.67
.75
.85
.98
.99
08
.00
.02
.07
.14
.27
.47
.60
.67
.77
.85
.92
.98
09
.00
.04
.09
. 1 r
.28
.42
.54
.62
• b9
.77
.83
.93
10
.00
.02
• Ob
.12
.21
.39
.52
.61
.70
.82
.91
.93
1 1
.00
.03
.07
. 10
. 1 I
.34
.45
.56'
.68
.79
.69
.96
12
.00
.00
.01
.02
.05
.15
.38
.62
.85
.95
.98
1 3
.oo
.oo
.01
.03
.0 t
.18
.47
• 65
.81
.93
.98
.99
14
.00
.00
.02
.05
.10
.20
.38
. b2
.79
.90
.96
.93
15
.00
.0 1
.02
.05
. 1 1
.22
.40
.60
.79
.90
.95
.98
1 o
.00
.01
.04
.08
.14
.25
.44
.64
.78
.88
.94
. 98
1 7
.00
.02
.04
,0b
.10
.19
.39
.62
.02
.91
.95
.98
18
.00
.03
.06
. 1 1
.20
.34
.50
.63
.74
.83
. 9?
. 97
19
.00
.03
.09
.16
.25
.37
.50
.63
.77
.83
.90
.95
20
.00
.03
.0/
. 13
.19
.26
.40
.62
.80
,ea
.92
.95
21
.00
.07
.13
.19
. 2 b
.33
.47
.68
.80
• 86
.90
.95
22
.00
.07
.13
.22
.33
.44
.55
.67
.74
.81
.86
. 9 3
¦2 3
.00
.05
. 1 1
. 1 8
.27
.35
.45
. 60
.74
.83
.88
.93
24
.00
. Ob
.13
.20
.29
.37
.51
.68
.80
.86
.92
.97
25
. Ou
.03
.0 7
.13
.19
.28
.40
.53
.69
. 88
. 94
.96
26
.00
.04
.09
.16
.25
.36
.47
.68
.81
.87
.91
.95
27
.00
.02
.05
. 1 0
.17
.26
.37
.57
.80
.92
.95
.97
28
.00
.03
.07
.12
.17
.24
.35
.55
.77
.87
.92
.97
29
.00
.02
.04
.07
.11
.17
.30
.54
.75
.89
.95
.98
30
.00
.02
.03
.06
.10
.19
.35
.55
.75
. b5
.92
.97
31
.oo
.01
.02
.04
.07
.17
.32
.55
.77
.88
.94
.93
32
.00
.02
.03
.06
.10
.11
.32
.52
.68
.80
.88
.96
33
.00
.02
.06
.11
.15
.20
.32
.46
.64
.77
.85
.94
99
STATE TABLE - Input c^rds for 37 states*
NOT t" r REMOVE ALL CAWOS WITh » I N COL 60
0 « u c « u <•« o THIS IS TriE STATE EI TAi3LE FACTORS
1 K,0 I 10 I 20 I 30 I 4 0 I SC I bO I 70
1234S678901234567890123456789012345b7890123456789012345678901234567890123-S6789
01 At A B A M A
0 5 A R r\ A N S A S
09 CONNECTICUT
10 DEL A J .WE
11 DiST. OF COL.
12 FLORIDA
13 GEORGIA
17 ILLINOIS
Id INDIANA
19 IOWA
21 KENTUCKY
22 LOUISIANA
2 3 MAINE
24 MARYLA.N0
25 MASSACHUSETTS
26 I-* i C H I G A N
27 MINNESOTA
2b MISSISSIPPI
29 MISSOURI
31 NEBRASKA
33 NEW HAMPSHIRE
34 NEW JERSEY
36 Nr.n YORK
37 NORTH CAROLINA
38 north Dakota
39 OHIO
40 Oklahoma
42 PENNSYLVANIA
44 Rhode island
45 south Carolina
46 south Dakota
47 TENNESSEE
4 8 TEXAS
50 VERMONT
51 VIRGINIA
54 a'EST VIRGINIA
55 WISCONSIN
99
222423242323232323
181822182222092222
3333
30
30
2325252925
242424242626262629
141'.14161616101919
151515161616191916
020212021314131314
202019202020191920
092^22222222222223
32323232
30303030
323333
121212151515151515
010101010101121212
2 22222222223222 323
131616161616101819
020202020202020313
3233
3030
313131313131313131
28282829212o282929
010101010101010101
1 b 161 7161617161b20
060-050".0405040505
173030173030173030
33
282727272727292929
010101010202020202
192222222122222221
071011071011071011
323232
303030302828283030
171717173017171717
011212121214141414
325300350350375375500450oOO
2752 75275325323325365365365
1 7 5 1S 0
200
ISO
600550450450500
30 02 7527532527-327S3753754 0 0
175160165190165!7520 0 225220
1651o0 150 180 1751 60220 185180
1501551651551601 7 51 701751 30
1dO17524OiO022515025C200ISO
', 004 00400 5?552552'j6uuo0 0o00
075075100100
125200200200
140125135
085080 0 750 75075090080125115
0 7 50bC0o5100115120120135145
325j2'j3b0 350 39u-0u50 0-)DCo0 0
20 0 20 020 0 220 2 1521 5245240 <:40
0b00o5125075100i40100125150
100 120
175^00
0 850 8510010009 0085095130150
225225275350225250270 350-00
050050 0 6 005 0 0 550b'.. 0 5 006007 5
125125125160140150 163150150
115100115120120150125125155
150
300 250 2502/5275300 3 75350 340
0 50 0 650 b50 5 0 0 030 850 c0 0 / 5 1 C 0
250 21521018015030 0 250 240 225
125250400120225375090]60250
085100125
175155165220 150 150185210 250
150150150140125150150150150
110100090150125095165140115
cv
a
rH
r-i
-------
HPS 5
Federal Information
Processing Standard 5
November 1, 19G8
Specifications For
States of the United States
1. Name of Standard. Stales of the United
States.
2. Category of Standard. Federal General
Data Standard, Re pi-Mentations and Codes.
3. Explanation. This standard provides identi-
fication and codes for representing the 50
States, the District of Columbia, and the out-
lying areas, all of which are considered to be
"first order subdivisions" of the United Slates.
4. Specifications.
"Taiim:Siales-of the United -Stales (including the District of Columbia) w.ith their r.f.Mjxiicd codes.
Name
ALABAMA
ALASKA
ARIZONA
ARKANSAS
CALIFORNIA
COLORADO
CONNECTICUT
DKI.A WARE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
HAWAII
IDAHO
ILLINOIS
INDIANA
IOWA
KANSAS
KLN IT'CKY
EOF I .si AN A
MA INK
MARYLAND
M ASSACHUSETTS
M i i i I i; I A N
MiNNFsOT A
Ml.s.sL-Xi'l'l
C ode
01
02
04
03
0G
03
09
10
11
J 2
13
If,
3 G
17
IS
I!)
20
21
2-1
2'>
2(i
Name
Code
MISSOURI
MONTANA
NEBRASKA
NEVA DA
NEW HAMPSHIRE
NEW JF.RSEY
NEW MEXICO
NEW YORK
NORTH CAROLINA
NORTH DAKOTA
OHIO
OKLAHOMA
OREGON
PENNSYLVANIA
RHODE ISLAND
SOUTH CAROLINA
SOUTH D.-VKOTA
TENNESSEE
TEXAS
UTAH
VERMONT
VIRGINIA
WASHINGTON
WES'l \IKCiNiA
WISCONSIN
WYOMING
29
30
31
32
33
3-1
35
3G
37
38
39
40
41
42
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
61
53
5 i
55
5(i
Note- Thr- follow iiu: niv n'.-<-;\rd for u<.;-iMe fuuur list; in i •.! oil l i f \ ; :i rr Aniciicui Samoa (03). Can.'i
(t'i,i, liii.ii: (111, 1'uriUi R no (ill, and \ iif;:n K!.!'V.-; (521.
Zone
11-3
-------
^ 'uv*/' sUit'h*
PifiKlFALL-EROSIOM LOSSES
FRO!,! CROPLAND
east of hie,rocky IIOIIHIAINS
(.ri-!'- >• i' • '•'» ••!
},tr Sin I ami i) t Irr ( ^nn't i iilnwi
AGRICUUUM HANDBOOK NO 3 6 2
ACIICULIUBAL «S!AICH SFR^tCC-U 5 0(PA3TWlfJT OF AGSICUUUKE
IW tOOfHATlON WITh rUR3UE AGXICUllUHAl [KPIRIHLHI iTAUOH
Jilrfi-n . • •::
i.,V. l.-utMM ( ^
I;,™,'.:
IJST OF TABLES
t1!| 1,1^11 "'
I'HMIM.TIM; HAINI-AM^r:i{<)SIO>i i.OSSKS FROM
C!!OI'l,ANI) K/VST lin 1110 liOCKY .MOii.Vi'Ai.VS
Ciihlc for SrlrrhnJi of IVarttrr* f«>r St ~*! nn«l Wnlrr (> u linn
FLKCOSE OF li WiiHOOX
in plnnmne fnr «-J and »«lrr nirnr*l \nliin«;
Vnm.lwlj.- <>( l'ir >-!.lenn nr r.n l.r -M-rr
[y lufr It 111 r » <1 • r- |m< I f H'll Ull'l
f Hm< l>rl|> li ml'iir m-Ii I i*-n
on rn i'lnn.l Nn'- II- ill f-nlf. llc l »l.i-lir» ¦.!¦
firl.l S-l.-l - -li-l <1.1.1! .,1r,.|(Dl« |.,,f. .i,,i|.',-|
1.1*1 l'lll
T.li^'ll'.j'. j'l-U.'lT!
..lilMilr f. > hi I'1 liv
](crn'»
l.irli I-.I
•II I- .1 m-i I .1
i.iM ..{ l],<-
li i. li '..;
l« fi -' i ..i.i,; I • i.lil. ii. i.n i, r ,rn| I-'f
¦ r- fnj.i llw"n- |..|..t i !,.|n - ij -.,,-1,1 jr.- .
'¦ \r i,vU j;,,.Vi,"i li,- f.'.'wr
|ll.l\ l>lr» ('I'll cm.!-
ItrrrUx nil jvclti.# ,i
l.ii.lli^U ...mluuM 1/1 I
-li..n ,,1,,,.
•I'|>-t III I'ml n—*"11 In I>. rc*i 1110 fttit 1
»« I.-, ii irfrrrnl 1.. r.' ilif «|i.]if on
/II... /-'-I1 rul.li-t.nl f.;i,.u
Mil i-Uluc - .1 I"*' MIC l'i li Hi. ill • ti.| i.cr
- ..f .nT- I,, tlip f..|!..».i,j
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i'i'i. II.-. .-ii .
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I.,.-.; II- «l.,.rirr ,.t nMli.J It lis#
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T»1hUi pi»-lir.i ri-p.1-.] 11.1 " " '
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.1 ..I ,-}
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Publications of the
Council on Environmental Quality:*
Environmental Quality—The First Annual Report
of the Council on Environmental Quality
Ocean Dumping—A National Policy
The President's 1971 Environmental Program
Tomc Substances
Environmental Quality—The Second Annual Report
of the Council on Environmental Quality
The President's 1S72 Environmental Program
Environmental Quality—The Third Annual Report
of the Council on Environmental Quality
Integrated Pest Management
The President's 1973 Environmental Program
The Federal Environmental Monitoring Directory
Energy and the Environment—Electric Power
•Av3-lar>le a* the U S Government Printing Offico
the fourth annual report
of the council
on environmental
quality
September
1973
11-5 a
-------
addition, thousands of pieces of plastic, ranging from tinv scraps to
lengths of fishnet 100 feet long, v.ere found littering the benches of
Alaska's remote Amchitka Island Most of this plastic was believed
to have come fiom foreign fishing vessels.13
These is a possibility thai tins plastic debris, lumps of tar, and oilier
petroleum residues could interfere with some of the basic biological
processes in the ocean. and laboratory investigations arc underway to
determine the cifects that such pollution will have Because plastic
does not dcgiade, once introduced into the environment, it will
remain almost indefinitely As yet, data indicating the extent and
tiends of oceanic pollution are still rehtively sparse, compared with
those for inland and (ocaiized coastal waters However, increased
attention is being directed toward ihis problem at both national and
international levels
The Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1072 14
directs NCAA, in cooperation with other Federal agendo, to initiate
comprehensive and continuing programs of i use arch on ocean dump-
ing and ocean pollution Work is underway within NOAA to estab-
lish environmental baselines, against which possible future trends in
ocean pollution can be determined Additional work on this problem,
supported by the National Science foundation as well as other Fed-
eral agencies, should also begin to piovide a better understanding of
ths: extent of ocean contamination
During 19/1-72 the National Science Foundation's Office of the
Interranonn) Decade of Ocean Exploration (IDOE) carried out
an intensive study of the baseline levels of heavy metals, halogcnated
hydrocarbons, and petroleum hydrocarbons in the oceans l>ordenn£
the United Suites.11 Alterations in trace metal concentrations in the
maiine environment due to man's activity were found to be re-
stricted to esiuarine and coastal areas which arc influenced by in-
dustrial, domestic, or polluted river runoff. Only in the case of lead,
which is transported by atmospheric processes, is there an indication
of serious open ocean metal pollution
The IDOC baschnc stud) found readily identifiable contamina-
tion m the open ocean by synthetic chlorinated hydrocarbons, such
as polychlonnated biphenyis (PCB). pesticides (DDT) and their
metabolites, and petioleum hydrocarbons PCB, DDT, and their
metabolites were ubiquitous m samples taken from the Atlantic and
Pacific Oceans and the Gulf of Mexico The highest levels were in
coastal seas, but the open ocean vaiues were high enough to cause
concern. High levels of PCB or DDT were often associated with small
oil or tar droplets which seem to extract the materia] from the sea
water. These data indicate that petroleum has entered the marine
food chain in both coastal and ocean water*. As in the case of the
metals and chlorinated hydrocarbons, the highest levels of petroleum
were found in coastal seas Petroleum hydrocarbons were concen-
trated in the surface films where they may constitute a particular
danger for marine organisms
294
These observations have stimulated IDOE to initiate two major
research programs, one directed at how these pollutants reach the
ocean and the other at how they afTect marine organisms and
communities.
Land Use 1#
There is growing consensus that control over land use is probably
the most important single factor m improving the quality of the envi-
ronment in the United States Land me is a term uhich encompasses
many dimensions, as wc develop indicators for land use problems,
it is essential to be clear about what these problems are
Land use indicators, like land use regulation, usually focus on
competing uses for the same land Because each of the competing
uses is Hkcly to serve some socially beneficial purpose, it is often
difficult to interpiet indicators in anv absolute way For example, an
increase in agricultural land mav or may not be desirable, depending
on the competing* demands There may be a few absolutes—for
example, increases in the amount of unreclaimed suiface-mined
land are undesirable—hut there are not many. The interpretation
of data on land use changes usually requires a more complex frame-
work.
One concept used in interpreting land use indicators is "carrying
capacity," the intensity of use which, if exceeded, will cause adverse
environmental consequences When deciding among conflicting land
uses, one must know an area's natural carrying capacity so that the
adverse consequences of excecduvj that capacity may be considered.
In many cases, one cannot sav that this natural carrying capacity
should not he exceeded because the adverse consequences usually
can be overcome by engineering or other adiustmcr.ts Then the
relevant question becomes whether the costs of exceeding the natural
carrying capacity are worthwhile, Or. put another way. is the "con-
version cost'' to increase the capacity of land, plus the other costs
involved, less than the anticipated benefits71
A report to the Council bv Development Sciences, lnc , illustrates
this view of earning capacity with the example of Washington, D C.:
The Potomac River and the land which it drains have a certain
limited natural capacity to deal with human land use patterns
There are lands of certain soil tspc> and there are water-beam?
areas of specific limned quality and quantity. Before World War
II and the accompanying population growth of the federal
government, the natural cleansing capacity of the river was such
that most human wastes weie "treated" by natural forces, and
low density land use patterns weie sustained without excessive
pollution oi threats to the supply of water.
If the land weie zoned according to the carrying capacity of
the soil and the river's capacity to handle wastes and supply
295
li-5b
-------
water, the Potomac could not have sustained the growth in land
u<;e v.hich tnc demand? of the growth m government placed on
the natmal environment Instead, the socictv paid the "cost of
conversion'' from using land in us natural state by applvmg tech-
nology such as sewage treatment svstcms and dams and reservoirs
to ensure \\atcr quantity and quality for the new population 17
When the natural carrying capacih of an area is exceeded, the
consequent costs can be paid in the form of icmedia! measures. such as
constructing sewage treatment plants. 01 in the form of incicascd
environmental damages, such as water jKilluuon In the Washington,
D.C . area, some of tnc costs of romeisinn clearly have been paid in
the form of reduced en\ lronmema! qualit)—nioie watei pollution,
air pollution alerts, and threatened shoitages of water, for example
Given tSic small number of absolute piohibitions on land u*es and
the limitations of the concept of carrving rapacity, most land use data
must be put in some tvpc of cost-benefit or supply-demand frame-
work if the) aie to indicate environmental qualm But 111 most cases
such a framework and tiie iclcvant costs and benefits arc likely to
be local or regional Manv land use indicators would have limited, if
any, meaning on a national scale unless thev weie aggregates of rather
complex local or rcmonn] indicators.
r'or example. ihuc is do nnnonj) policy aeninst convening r,grl-
culliiial or forest land to residential use, and thus national figuu's on
such conversions do not indicate whether land use is improving or
deteriorating. To make such an evaluation. one would need to look
at each area where conversion is taking place and evaluate the
demand (or housing m the area, the rccional need for open space,
the value of the ciops or umbei produced there die cfTert of the con-
version on transportation mutes and commercial development, the
method* for disposing of the wastes scnciai'-d by the residences, and
several other factors The Federal Coveniment cannot evaluate such
changes on a national basis.
The large number of factors to bo considered in making and evalu-
ating land use decisions may mean thai computet-based models,
which can simulate the results of alternative decisions, will be a neces-
sary adjunct to a svstem of indicator*. Several projects to devcion
such models are underwnv or have been comnlctcd For example,
the National Science Foundation sponsored development of a na-
tional model linking agricultural policv. land use, and water quality
by Dr. Earl Heady of Iowa State University. NSF is also supporting
work at Oak Rtdg<; National Laboratory to develop lesnonal models
that can be used to detonmnc the cm iionmcntal impact resulting
from the location of industrial, commercial, residential, and recrea-
tional development The OBERS model, developed by the Depart-
ments of Commerce and Agriculture for the Water Resources Coun-
cil, projects estimated population, economic aeuvitv and land use
fot regions of the United States ft mav also be useful for considering
295
alternative land u*e policies. The Strategic Environmental Assess-
ment System bemtj developed bv EPA is using the OBERS projec-
tions, economic and em 11 onmental models, and forecasts of land u^c
and other change? to estimate the condition of national and lcgional
environments 10 to 15 >eare in the future.
Problems of land use in the United States mav he arbitrarily classi-
fied into three categories First, we are concerned about the avail-
abilitv of certain tvpes of land, such as enough agricultural land to
grow food, adequate open space for recreation in dcn'elv populated
areas, and sufficient titnberland to meet national pulp and lumber
demands. Second, we need to control development in areas of critical
environmental concern, including areas of paiticular environmental
value such as wetlands, other rare or valuable ccosvstems, and scenic
or historic areas Such areas also include land which, if developed,
may pose a direct hazard to man. for example, flood plains, steep
slopes, soils unsuitable for development and earthquake fault /ones.
Third, there are tvpes of land use development and practices that
lead to othei problems (which, in turn, mav have adverse environ-
mental consequences These include unreclaimed surface mining,
practices that lead to soil eiosion, urban development patterns which
produce pollution, and the spread of areas impervious to water
Each of the three categories wi]] be discussed after they arc put
in the context of national trends in land use.
National Trends m Land Use
Total acreages for different land uses in the Uniied States are not
very informative Last veai's Annual Report piescnted such data
for the period 1900-I9CP Despite the massive changes that took place
during that period, the a^ercuatc data show little change.18
The U.S. population has become increasingly urbanized, and many
of the most important land use changis and issues occur in metro-
politan aieas Man? of standard metropolitan statistical areas
(SMSA'sl published bv the Bureau of the Census show an increasing
share of the Nation's land lying within metropolitan areas Ry 19/0,
13 percent of the land in the contiguous states was within the
SMSA's (see Figure 15) 19
It would be a mistake, however, to consider all land in metro-
politan areas as being urbanized In fact, urban uses accounted for
onlv about 10 percent of the land within the SMSA's, or about 1 3
percent of all land in the contiearous -}8 states (see Figure 16) :o The
SMSA's arc largely statistical artifacts because thev arc composed of
entire counties and thus include not onh cities but al?o all of the rural
or urbanizing land in the cotmtv where the citv is located 71 To take
an extreme example, a large portion of the San Rerr.ardino-Rivers'de
SMSA m Caiifonva is the Mojavc Desert because both the Desert
and the cities are located in San Bernardino and Riverside Counties
297
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Figure 16
Land Use within SMSA's 1970 for the
48 Contiguous States
Source Robert c Otte. "Human Considerations and (.and Use." fn Matronal Ljnd
Use Policy Obiecdvev Component*. Impfernentarion (Ankey. Iowa Go>l Conscrva*
lion Society of America, 1973), p 78
The largest category of land within the SMSA's in 1970 was forest
woodland, winch accounted for almost one-third of the land area
Ouc-quaju r of the land was devoted to crops hi 1961., ihe last year
for which data arc available, 16 neicent of U S wheat, 17 percent of
our coin, 60 peicent of our vegetables, and *<3 percent of our fruits
and nuts weie produced withi7i metropolitan areas.22
The \ancms land uses within metropolitan areas do not arrange
themselves into neat geographical patterns Ik-cause of the way
Amciu.au cuius have developed over the past 50 years, urban uses are
wide!)' interspersed with other ktnds of iis^s This intermixture of dif-
ferent uses ha& come to be known as urban sprawl The pattern is not
just a phenomenon of our ncwei cities For example, Figures 17 and
18, based on data from aerial photographs, show the scatter of built-
299
ll-5d
-------
that new homes were not built on soils unsuitable for septic tanks."
The Soil Conservation Seivicc estimates that soil surveys cost only
50 cents to $1 per acre, so the cost-benefit ratio of making and using
such surveys to guide development is very high.
Land Use Effects
The broadest, and probably the most significant, land-related prob-
lems are secondary' consequences of land use patterns and practices.
These patterns and practices create problems such as pollution,
which in turn endanger man and his environment.
Patterns of land use are a major determinant of pollution Je\els in
any area. The greater the distances that must be traveled between
home, workplace, and shops, the more air pollution will be generated
by automobile travel Significant water pollution problems can be
generated by development on lakeshores or by placement of septic
tanks m unsuitable soil. Man) forms of industrial pollution may be
reduced by siting a plant so that its wastes can be productively utilized
bv a neighboring plant For all tvpes of pollution the degree of con-
centration of pnncipaf pollution sources xs a key factor in the JeveJ of
pollution to which the population is exposed.
Land use patterns also plav a significant role in the consumption
and availability of natural resources. Pollution often represents mis-
placed lesources Thus, for example, the added air pollution gen-
erated because of longer travel distances also means wasted gasoline.
Land development can lead to reduced water supply (by building
over ground water rcchaige arras, for example), reduced soil capabil-
ity for growing crops (bv erosion and poor farming practices), and
reduced ability to extract mineral resources (by building in arras
where such resources arc found).
The Council, in cooperation with EPA and HUD, is conducting
sevcial studies to determine more precisely the secondary impacts of
development on the environment. These studies include the impacts
o? highway and sewer construction, second-home developments, and
the costs of alternative residential development patterns.
Three problems arc covered in this section—erosion, unreclaimed
surface mining, and the incrcas:ng land ^rea covered by impervious
surfaces such as roads, buildings, and parking lots Erosion is an en-
vironmental problem arising from a varied of land use practices;
surface mining is a particular type of land use which gives rise to a
number of environmental problems; impervious surfaces are a char-
acteristic of all types of urban development. Thus each is a different
t)pe of land use issue, but each jeprescnts patterns of development
which can create adverse environmental impacts.
Erosion—Each day huge amounts nf soil in the United States arc
washed off the land into riven and streams. The results are a reduc-
310
tion in quality of the remaining soil and water pollution in the form
of sediment, nutrients, and other contaminants attached to the
sediment.
The Soil Conservation Service (SCS) estimates that more than 3.5
billion tons of soil is lost each year through erosion from the ap-
proximated two-third* of U.S land that is privately owned. About
40 percent of this soi! becomes wate:borne sediment in streams.20
Although no fully accurate dita aie availably, it appears that total
soil erosion losses have been sharply reduced in recent years SCS
considers cropland adequately treated against erosion if soil loss from
the land is lcs«; than 5 tons per acre ;:er year It estimates that soi!
loss from properly treated pastureland averages less than 2 tons per
acre per year, from rangeland. about 1 5 tons per acre per year; and
from forest land, about 0 5 tons per acre per year The portion of
privately controlled land which is adequately treated to minimize
erosion has risen from 35 percent in fiscal year 1055 to over 50 per-
cent m fiscal year 19 7 2 37 However, this measure of overall progress
does not take into account such major problems as huge sediment
losses at suburban construction sites which can cause severe local
water quality problems
The dimensions of the erosion probJcrn may be seen from Geologi-
cal Survey data on sediment discharged to the oceans 3S Each vear.
on the average, more than -100 million tons of sediment, 185 tons for
each square mile of ths conterminous United States, washes into the
oceans fourteen million tons is discharged to the Atlantic Ocean,
378 million tons to the Guh" of Mexico, and 99 million tons to the
Pacific Ocean. If this sediment were transported by train, it would
fill an average of 27,000boxcars per da\. These figures underestimate
the amount of soil that is eroded because in many aieas reservoirs
and diversions may trap up to 75 to 95 percent of the sediment How-
ever, it should also be kept in mind that there is a significant amount
of sediment that occurs naturallv and that is probably uncontrollable
Despite the starring size of these figures, u appears that the
amount of sediment discharged to the oceans has lessened over the
past vcais No overall figures are available, but it would appear, for
example, that the average annual suspended sediment discharge
carried by the Mississippi Rncr to the Gulf of Mexico has been
reduced by about 30 percent during th;» past 100 years. The annual
sediment discharge of the Colorado River has fallen fiom 234 mil-
lion tons during 1911-16 to 1S2.000 tons during 19G6-G7. This dra-
matic reduction in the Colorado is due largelv to the const i-uct ion
of reservoirs which trap the sediment and to diversion of mote water
for irrigation Improved land use practices have also helped, but
much of the sediment has simply been retained upstream rather than
earned to the oreans The reservoirs and irrigation, of course, may
create or nccravate other problems, such as salmi{v.
It is not known whether it is better to have the sediment trapped
behind dams or to have it flow lo the oceans Both situations are
317
ll-5e
-------
undesirable, and the key goal is to reduce the amount of sediment
which gcb into nvcrs in the fust place. It appears that progress has
been made in reachmg this goal.
Surface Mining—Surface mining unaccompanied by reclamation
has many serious environmental consequences It can cause severe
erosion, pollute water with acid drainage, cause aesthetic blight, and
destroy land for other productive uses unless adequate reclamation is
undertaken In last >ear's Annual Report, we indicated that the
acreage being surface mined in the United States is increasing rapidly.
Current energy supply shortages and the rising demand for low sul-
fur cool to meet the 1975 deadline for Federal air quality standards
make it hkel> that surface mining \%-i!l grow at an even faster rate.
About 75 percent of the country's economically stnppable coal re-
scues lies in 13 states west of the Mississippi, and it is likely that large
new western areas will be opened to minmg 33 How much will be
leclaimed depends heavily on the effectiveness of regulation at all
levels of government.
New monitoring technology should be a major help in the enforce-
ment of surface mining laws and in keeping track of the problem.
Figure 26 shows the rapid increase in surface mmed atea which has
occurred in a portion of southern Indiana It also shows the
potentially great value of eatth-orbning satellites to monitor environ-
mental problems The map is based on pictures taken from the
ERTS-1 satellite, which photographs the entire United Slates once
e\ery 18 dn\s Such satellites can be used for this type of compara-
tively smjl!-:nea analysis as wcli as for the t)pe of macroscale picture
reproduced in Figure 19.
Impervious Surfaces—As urban development spreads, buildings,
streets, and pavement co1.cr land where water once percolated into
the Roil, rendering the urban surface increasmgl) lm.Dervious to
rainfall. This means much faster and greater v.ater runoff, which
increases the likelihood of erosion and flooding Impervious surfaces
can reduce urban water supply by decreasing the flow of water to
natural aquifers They can also impair water quality by increasing
the amount of water discharged directly into a stieam without
treatment
In many urban areas, small creeks or nvers ha\c become major
flood hazards Eccausc so much of the land around them is covered
with conciete, \er\ little of the lain from a storm is absoibcd into the
ground. Instead, it is channeled directly into the river. Rock Creek in
Washington, D C., is a good example of this phenomenon. A study by
the U.S. Geological Sunev estimated that if 80 percent of an area
is sewered and 60 percent is covered by impervious surfaces, the water
runoff occurring in die average once-a-jear flood will be more than
four times greater than if none of the area were sewered or im-
pervious.
3J8
Figure 26
Mined Land inventory Map,
Pike, VYarrick, and Gibson Counties, Ind.
/-) Artj strip mined prio'to 1969 (Data
(J front the Indiana Geo'og'ca! Survey
Regional Ceolo^'C f.'ap No 3 )
V
?s mined since 1958 Mapped (iom
ER rs—1 jmagcr>
I
cCP'
W>
% *
ii' j '
Oakland^'
3
' 1 ^ vo A
<9 9 ^
. PIKC
I |CO _c_ _
.WARfilC<\ C6V'
GIBSON CO
VANDERBURGH Coj
J
i Evansvilie
r> y ~
£? 4 -^Coonv.uc
-&/> c
-------
banks. Fortv percent of the 800 reports 10 the Office of Ci\il Defease
and Emergency Preparedness of damage from Hurricane Agnes and
another major Baltimore flood in j971 involved flooded basements
where drains backed up, raw sewage collected, and property damage
and healdi hazard-* resulted The vast mnjontv of the oiher 60 per-
cent was connected with wind and lain water damage There were
few reports of damage caused by runnmg water from streams
One might think that newer suburban developments, because they
are of lower density, would contain less impervious surface. However,
a study of Riverside. Calif, indicates thai this may not be die case.
Almost CO percent of die bu.lt-up land area in Riverside is pa\ed or
covered by buildups, and almost one-third of the built-up area is
more than 9C peicent impeiMOus Wider streets, more parking area,
and lower and broader buildings more than compensate for the lower
density
Clearly many of the problems that we have discussed arc closely
interrelated More impervious surface, for example, mav make flood
plain development more hazardous and may increase erosion The
three categories of problems—land availabihu, areas of critical
environmental concern, and land use effects—intci act with each other
in numerous and complex ways. Their interactions reflect the com-
plexly of land use problcms and the difficulty of developing satis-
factory land use indicators
Land Use indicators
The discussion so far illustrates the importance of land use in
deteimining environmental quality. Rut it also demonstrates the
difficulty of establishing a set of national environmental land use
indicators.
Land use policies, whether at the local, state, or Federal level,
are designed to accommodate mans conflicting and often poorly
denned social goals These include economic profit, suitable living
conditions at reasonable prices, aesthetic and environmental improve-
ment, and siting of necessary facilities such as roads, industry, and
powerplants Unlike air and water pollution programs, the goals of
land use programs and policies do not lend themselves to simple de-
scription or to indicators for which the desired ducction of change is
cb\ ious
The context of land use conflicts and decisions is usually local or
regional, not national. Construction of housing on agricultural land
may be desirable in one city but not in another Steep slopes or earth-
quake faults arc problems for some regions of the country but not for
others Large parks mav be a majoi factor in the environmental
quality of Washington. D.C , but they are not w hat attracts people to
midtown Manhattan, In addition, the basic regulator/ authority over
land use rests with state and local governments.
320
Yet it is possible to develop some indicators of land use and envi-
ronmental quality For uses such as unreclaimed surface-mined land
and wetlands, simple acreage increases or dccieases have mcan.ng
Some land use problems will be reflected in other en\iror.mcntal
indicators. For examp'e, a significant increase in erosion may show-
up as increased water pollution from sediment If automobile-related
air pollutants increase despite emission controls, land use patterns
must clearK be examined.
Some iand use decisions, such as the siting of airports, powerplants.
and dcepwater ports, are becoming questions of national concern
The Fedeial Government owns about one-third of the land in the
Uni'ed States, and die use of this land will be determined bv national
policy Rut the majority of land use decisions must be made in a local
or regional context because both the costs and benefits of the decisions
are primarily local or regional. Insofar as national indicators are
developed, they will have to be aggregated from a series of local
indicators.
Land use, for the most part, is simply the culmination of a large
number of individual decisions about how to allocate space. But like
the. state of the economy, which is .also a cumulation of many un-
coordinated decisions, land use can be guided so that the outcome
is tnoie consistent with the public interest If such guidance is to oe
cfiective, thcie must be agreement on what constitutes satisfactory
land use before indicators can be developed to measure whether the
use of land is being better regulated While v.e have identified above
certain areas for which national indicators would be appropriate,
most measures or indicators will have to be developed and applied
primarily by local, State, and regional authorities
Population
Population size is clcaily one of the major factors underlying many
environmental problcms Rapid growth m population provides im-
petus for growth in GNP and for the development of new tech-
nologies as well as increasing tne demand on natural resources.
In 1972, for the first time m the Nation's history (see Figure 27),
the total feilihty rate (the number of bnths that a woman would
have m her lifetime based on the bhth rate occurring in a specified
year) diopped bclc-w the replacement level (the level of fertility
required for the population to replace itself exactly under projected
mortality rates and m the absence of immigration) The total fertility
late was estimated at 2 0 m 1972, compared to the replacement level
of 2 1
The biith rate began, to decline in the late 1950"s After leveling
off in the 1968 to 19/0 penod, it has continued its sharp decline This
trend is most encouraging, but it must be kept in mind that the
national birth rate has fluctuated sharply in the past Thus, it cannot
ll=5g
-------
Section 12
REFERENCES
1. Methods for Identifying and Evaluating the Nature and Extent
of Non-point Sources of Pollutants", EPA-430/9-73-014,
Oct. 1973, Midwest Research Institute & Hittraan Associates, Inc.
2. "Rainfall-Erosion Losses from Cropland East of the Rocky
Mountains", Agriculture Handbook 282, ARS-USDA, 1965.
3. Trimble, Stanley W., "Culturally Accelerated Sedimentation
on the Middle Georgia Piedmont", M.A. Thesis, University of
Georgia, 1969.
4. Trimble, Stanley W., "The Significance of Land Surface
Configuration to Accelerated Erosion: A Preliminary Approach",
University of Wisconsin, 1974.
5. Soil Survey, Clarke and Oconee Counties, Georgia, USDA-SCS.
6. Dornbush, Anderson & Harms, "Quantification of Pollutants in
Agricultural Runoff", EPA-660/2-74-005, February 1974.
7. Heaney & Huber, "Storm Water Management Model: Refinements,
Testing and Decision-Making", University of Florida, June 1973.
8. "Storm Water Pollution from Urban Land Activity", FWQA 11034
FKL 07/70, July 1970.
9. "The Control of Pollution from Hydrographic Modifications",
EPA, 1973.
10. "Methods and Practices for Controlling Water Pollution from
Agricultural Nonpoint Sources", EPA-430/9-73-015.
11. "Methods for Identifying and Evaluating the Nature and Extent
of Non-Point Sources of Pollutants", EPA-430/9-73-014.
12. "Alabama Statewide Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan -
Vol. 13 Alabama's Coastal and Water Resources", Auburn
University, September 1971.
13. Conversations with Mr. A. P. Barnett, USDA-ARS, Athens, Georgia,
April-June 1974.
12-1
-------
14. Conversations with Mr. Hal Tatum, Clarke County Extension Agent,
Athens, Georgia, June 1974.
15. Conversations with Mr. Ron Nisler, Director, Athens-Clarke
County Planning Commission, Athens, Georgia, June 1974.
16. Various Operations Research and Simulation Projects,
11. A. True and others, IBM Corporation, U. S. Steel Corporation,
and Resource Management, Inc., period 1954-1971.
17. Leopold, Luna B., "Hydrology for Urban Land Planning - A Guidebook
on the Hydrologic Effects of Urban Land Use", Geological Survey
Circular 554, 1968.
18. "The National Atlas of the United States", Department of Interior,
Geological Survey 1970, Maps 158-159.
19. Crawford, N. H. & Donigian, A. S., "Pesticide Transport and
Runoff Model for Agricultural Lands", EPA-660/2-74-013, 12/73.
20. "Projected Agricultural Runoff Pollution in the Southeast",
EPA, Region IV, SAD, SERL, Athens, Georgia, 6/73.
12-2
-------
special
OPEN ENDED ADDITIONS
lo Atlanta Metropolitan Area = 7/9/7U by Howard A„ True.
-------
METROPOLITAN ATLANTA CALCULATIONS OF EROSION, SEDIMENTATION AND DELIVERY
OF NUTRIENTS IN SEDIMENT AND LITTER TO LOCAL WATER BODIES.
Sources of local information:
Land Use Within 1-285 bounded area compiled by Mr. OeW. Spann, EES,
Georgia Institute of Technology, from ERS imagery taken 10/15/72 and
published by Dr. Gone E. V/illeke, Ph0D., PeE. Assoc. Prof0 ERC &
Dept. of City Planning - "THE CHATTACHOOCHEE RIVER—-SILTATION FROM
URBAN DEVELOPMENT"
Land Use Acres
Single Family Dwelling 52,382
Warehousing and Transportation 40,533
Industrial and Multi-Family 37,623
Conifers 20,362
Commercial 19,231
Hardwoods 14,871
Grassy Areas 4,907
Bare Ground 2,809
Large Buildings—concrete 2,087
Water 1,187
Total -I957W2
Broad Land Types (Soil) and Slope Range Acres considered applicable to
the entire area were taken from SOIL SURVEY 0? FULTON COUNTY, GEORGIA,
USDA-SCS 1949. (Issued 1958)
MAP OF THE CALCULATED AREA
-------
[7 /i ] L A(.|T A 7 (,»-tir>->IA - i-'iTlwr >>wuM>KO - 4 < 1 0 - 15f>> «5 (15-215$)
">"» PEP 100 MOUTHS 1 - 12
UNIT/TYPE (PLOT AC.)
1 l.ANIi ( 113.7)
L IVE J T"CK/FO"iL
UNJ1 TOTALS"
" 2 " LA Nil ( 12j.I>
L I VfS T (JCK/F owl
umi r totai.s
" "3 i aiji) ' ( r-)h.-o""
L I V|-:STOCK/FOWL_
unit ' Tot ai s
b~ i.'Afji) " ( ion.bj"
L 1 V K S T 0 C K / F () ¦) L _
UNIT tot at s
b l.ANO ( 119,4)
L IVrlSTiKK/F C). lbs rsoo lbs toc lbs
12Hd0.00 779.75 408,76 50753, 14b36, 76133. 74903S~'9. 39584fi6.
37. ¦ 11. 0, 156. 291.
12850.00 779.75 4iib,76 4993.59 50 790. 14647. 76133. 749055b. 8988767.
f50 2(")".o6 7044720 "2 326728 5'i9 1". 1 1 625647 1 9937". 1 34597. 8686741 7" 104241 0 4 .
__ 2 7. R._ _• ¦ 0. 1 IK. 20 9.
IbOdU.OO " fi)44,20 " 232a.28" "" '>791.11 bc'59l. 19945, j 134597. 866bS58. 10424313.
33nG0.00 ti0()33,00 2i:>844 .h3 1 h V o 1. 6 20 1198. 84253. 865831. 221271 52, 26552448.
t>l. 24. 0, 3b2. 62b.
38 60 0 . 0 0 6 90 3370 0 2684474 3 14 75 17 4 b 20 1279." 842 76: 86SB31 ;""~22 1 274«a ," 265530 72 .
I
36200 , Oli 1 2795A. ] 9 5050 .(.52 1 3i->,99".~99 240 uOl". 1 19720.~"1 4460 04. 20 84 9984." 250 1 9H56.
_ _ 78. ___ 23._ 0. 337. 599.
3d 20 0 . 0 U" 1 2 79b2*. 1 9"" "b05()3.5"2 " Ii8}*9.w9 "2AU079. "1197A3. "lAAcOOA, 20H50320. 2502C^Ad.
1 A"2"l 376 0 7A3S5750 AO 95 32" 551 7721 131 lO 7 47 dl'^bo. 1" 097939. H425H65." 1 01" l"l 0'.5.
A2. 12. 0. 1H2. 323.
lA213,0(i 74355,50 4u95c;,32 ~ 5617,21 13Mllb, &1262. 10^7939, 8A260'to. 101113&S.
116HH3,00~ 2791ob.o2 121035.25 - AS053.37 692591, ¦ 31^/95. 3620503. 6758012A. 61095920.
26b. 78. 0. J 14 6. 205 9.
n'77S^"3".Uo 27^266762 121o3b725' 4!^o53.37 h^?!i'6b7^ 319673, 3620503. 675£tl2'r8. 81097^52.
H57U.00 535.19 122.79 ""3ti62. 72 3n873. "8772. A3A96. ""A594067," "5512686.
4, 2. 0, 2u. j ft»
8570700 535.19 '""122."79 3f,h2.72 3u377. ' 877A. "A3493. ™ 459A0R6." 5512921 ,
lTi'O 1 2 . 0 0 4~523, 38 249 17 83 "415 927710 4591 17 1344 67 11 63177 bl 39 T747 73670 14 „
11. 6. 0. 53. 95.
"""10012.00 4n23 „ 3d Z 4917^3 4 092, HO" """4 5923, 15453. 116317. "61392267 "73671 Ob „
" "~256nu . 00 b 1 TS?_, o4 1 9 9 3,'I . /2 964 5 . 5 3 136315, 58897."" 625589. 14468558. 173622 7 2.
21. 12. 0. 100. 180.
2"568"0","0"0 5 l"75"277i~4 1993.i772 96"457"5B 136337 7 5"890 9; "6"25589 7~1 "4"4'6a6581"73624 48 „
"""24 180,00 94963.44 """368S2.16 """' 890 ^. 27" ~. 1 6280 4 . """ 83944." 1039569. "13356594. 16027935.
If.4 . 42. 0. 407. 3 212-
24180 .0 0 "" 94963.44 36882, 16 fl9'i4.27"""16290 8." ' 83986. "" 1039589. 13357000. 16029}4/'.
948"0T0"0 38916712 I"l"8927 22 370 0 719 60 7667 "29388. "34614 o". 55502557 666031 2 7
6. 3. 0, 29. 52.
9480.00 """¦ " 38916712 11692.22 37C0.19 60792,"""" 29391 . 346146. "5550283. 6660363.
""77922.00 "" ~ ISO 99u . 1 2 71 319.69 29465.56" ~ 43c>690 . 1964477 2171 137. "44 I 08624. 52930384 .
14 /, 66. 0 6 1) 8 „ Id/ 4 t
~ 7 (9 2 2 7'0 U 1 9 (j -i r-t 07"! 2 7131 97"o 9 2 40 5.56 A36836, 196513, 2171 1 3 /. 44109232. n2931,vb2.
"194805,00 " " "470156.75 "19235-T.94 74458. hT'~\ 129280. " ' 516242." "5791640, 1 11 688752 . 1 34026304 .
413, 144. 0. 1755. 3613.
'"805. 0 0 " ~ 471 56. 75 192""^4. 94 74 4-^.87"" 1 12969?". "" 516386. 5791640. 1 11 690 480 . 1340 2990 4.
-------
FACTORS USED - See xvriteup "Erosion, Sedimentation & Rural Runoff -
A Gross Assessment Process" by Howard A0 True, EPA Region IV SAT) 6/74
for theory and application of Random Processes to Complex problems.
UNITS
Fulton Cty0 Acres
Dekalb Cty. Acres
Calc8 Plot Sizes *
Slope $ Ranges
Soils fo(K Val»)
Slope Length Range
Cropping Management(C)
Cropland
Pasture
Forest
Urban
Other
Erosion Control(P)
Cropland
Pasture
Forest
Urban
Other
Sediment Delivery
Sediment Migration
Sediment Nitrogen(N)
r? Phosphorus (?)
" Potassium(K)
" BOD
n TOG
Livestock/Fowl:**
12850
8570
0-2
27(olO)
55(c26)
18L35)
15020
10012
See
2=6
38(oI0)
8(*26)
38(B28)
S( .35)
8L36)
Units
All
All Units
n
tt
N
Tt
All Units
n
tt
»t
n
36200
24180
10=15
10(.10)
10(.26)
35(.28)
39(-36)
6(.03)
,5» —...
14213
9480
15-25
25(.10)
£(.26)
34(o23)
25C.36)
8(«03)
095(0.000)
3#(0.100)
18#(0.005)
78#(0.010)
1^(1.000)
O^(OoO) •=¦
3^(1.0)
18^(1.0)
78^(lo0)
K(lo3)
All Units Mean 1*0% Devc + 40$ --
Not Applicables Multiple Basins
All Unit3 .10% ™^c
" c08fo
" 1.25#
Sea Litter & ***
t?
N/A
TolTCrHTows"*"*
Fulo
407
480
1220
1147
444
Dek.
151
179
455
426
165
Dairy Cows
Ful.
17
20
53
49
19
Dek,
38
45
115
107
41
Swine
Ful.
94
111
284
268
103
Poult^ (Ex.Br.)
Dek 0
4
5
13
12
5
Ful.
6825
8060
19430
19145
7540
Dsk«.
495
585
1485
1395
540
Broilers
Fulo
92100
109000
276900
260400
100700
Dek.
7600
83 50
20800
19750
7700
Litter
Lbs/Forest Ac.
Calc0 Lbs/Rem.Ac.
Nitrogen{N)
Phosphorus(P)
Potassium(K)
BOD
TOG
Mine Acid
All Units 5000 Lbs/For.Ac./Yr,
ff
All Units
tt
tt
f»
t?
1250 Lbs/Ac./Yr„
o 50fb
<>14$
> m «9 o ca:
75,00%
90.00#
N/A No known Coal Mimes
3
-------
* Report shows Plot Sizes which are approximately equal to the
Square Root of the Unit Acres.
** Livestock and Fowl counts are proportionate parts of county
totals from a previous Region IV SAD writeup of approximate
county populationso These Nutrient Loads are very smalle
*** Both Sediment and Litter contain N,P & K loads: however the
entire Organic load is comprehended in Litter calculations,,
For additional information contact;
Howard A0 True
Surveillance and Analysis Division
EPA Region IV
Southeast Environmental Research Lab.
College Station Road
Athens, Ga0 30601. Phe 404-546=3139.
4
-------
8
SOIL SURVEY SERIES 1049, NO. 7
Table 4. Acreage in cultivated cropn, pasture, forest, and tdie, and the loltil ticreage and the proportionate
extent of soih viapped in Fulton County, Ga.
A3ta\:stu fine sanely loam
F.TOufii Tolhnjj )>h;»sc._, . .
Ii'l i'Ium- . .. .
Ur.ri jlat in^ plirmc.
AppUny; >;a~dy tin;, Imnn
Se.crri' f-ndedjiill) phnic..
S<-»\ <»rrl v yrode.l 'oiling phcujo
Appling -ind\ lo.»m
iit'ly pfu-.c .. ....
Lrlr,d phivj .......
/jnrJ"ij undulating pbasr ..
)T>'h ph
iiolln-s* ph.kV: _.
M- ,-y pli'iv:
Un.tauutit} priaso... - ».
Alij»ii'.t.» imp s,:ri\ loam
Huniomlvj lo.'iniv hnu ?and
Cecil civ,
Sr\or"iy eroded hiliy phase...,.
S'-MfU itoJ''\l nlhn^ phxs.j
So er-'l. eroded sU-cp ptia.ic
Oca I - tn"l hill / phmc . -
K-oil.'J rolling iinav —
J'L'OcJefJ SlWJJ .o. —
hr
U thirty plui-ic -
Stc t. pr.v»
I n li;l Utnj; ph» c
C.ticv, -vtt'.i line n »jvI> loam .........
Cho*.jrf.i '•ill lor.Ti .......
C< learn
C'MO'1'0 •,'1 »•" -
i)«\ (.1 on (I ty 1'i.im
]> huij pn »¦>"
I !r ' 1 phi"** - —
K"'l -0 umlul.il'iii; ;>hav>.
Grov-'f finf
Kf.nl J lull.- p)nsp -- -
V'.* nl; 1 uti-hiiatmi; phaso .
Guih"d laid
Ik'l.'n i s ndy loam, cro'l'-d rntiu? phase
Ifiv.iTo>;ckI hilly ptvw*
} i» A .1 » I'l I'll
Kr i l-'5 r-jll.rv; |i!n"e , -
r.ro-l.xj un>]nl.tci;ip pha»o
ol i • lo.im, roJhnj phiso
Liu, .1 rl i. Him
i:-n,M «J""'p phi-o - - -
I'ri'ij t'fo'icl hillv ph:\«5C —
Si'v^rfl •" cro.J'M rdlun: pli.T*"
LUisd s-.r...i«o
V.t>' l(i\ utvIuIm'.is phMc....
H.IK
Ko 11,npb"\vi - -
LofSxbiM•iV.I rj.iy lo.Trr»*
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3,451
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4,351
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lot
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$ 033
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1,201
4,016
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0
07
535
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6.613
2.233
8.030
4.4G5
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23,930
7 .Ml
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1,3 IS
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2.343
»i
FULTOM COUNTY, CEOHCIA
T^bi.k 4.—Aacaije in cultivated troys, forest, and v!lc. cry', the
extent of soils mapped art Fulton Cgj.tJi, Gi.—
total ccrcage end '.he -propor^'jr >
C&nt.uiud
Louisa fin* randy loam.
Ef(u)"d Jiiliy pj.aiio... —.......
-i«'cp ph: jinn-.c.
KrucU-d lindul.dinjj
11:11'
Kullinq pliasc..
pha\ar-Lmiisa i;ra\r»lly clny loams, Bcvoroly crotiod Lilly phases
Maitis'.'rt-tir"< i~>r-l.r>nivi f,r,nr,)y jj.iijiJ/ loams'
Krcnlcl lu'ilv pha3i»3 —
Jiillv r»ha-,ci
JL'cl j;ru\ciK' ciay Inani, eroded Inlly puasp.... —
i.'ocUl.'nliurv: I'r.r. raniiy loam, crcdod rolling phawi
u'.hi. Sum
j'.)orl'- Jr ilnod
S«'inrv li K poorly drjimcd..
Well drained
MoN'fia If trris-incl
I'J-udi'd indulafif'^ phase..
Liaht coiurod s ai iani......
H; Vf-vvasl J
SoncC-i liri- "-andy loam*
L-..1 plww...
IJiitlt huitijj phar-o
Starr luini
1 ci phase
ijr.dul.itin^ plm^o
Ston • land
Mill/
Uollui^
Si>a
Pasluro
Forest.
Id o
To'.id
Acre
Acrfl
Aa*,
A^'4 j 'Vfl
0
6"1
1,20'»
67
i :in i o 4
0
351
3 . 'i ! 3
;?4
3 C.-l , 1 !
GR
.•;i
200
3 •
334! *
0
**'
5.122
2. 1
5,0'jQ ; 1 7
0
K"»
2.109
ill
2,fj' 7 i b
51
ul
z<)2
100
i.un: , S
0
2:5
5,7'J3
Sic
C.3.V. , 1 i.
3v: , .1
218
o:,3
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-------
G6
SOIL SUJtvnY SERIES 1919, NO. 7
ration Terms commonly i.^d to decnbe umsi.itcnce
unhide conii'iri, hnti, (nabh*, }<'"$/- ."Hid stick)
C itmpnt r 1 >en i<> ami firm mil v-uhmit any cenieritat ion
/1 to pir.iuilar stru«lure
Erosion, sod Vlic «pnrmp avv,i> or removal of m>.1 material by
water >'r w ncJ
Fcrtilitv. t-oil The inherent q.nlitv of a sn:l n? measured by
the 'jiantitv of compounds pro\id*-d for proper or bal-
ance prowth of ol mis
Firnt l.otioni 1 lu normal Hood plain of a stream subject to
i rr>f nionl or occasional fh'o.imp
Forest. i.and not in fi.rm.'. bcnruifc .1 stand of trees of line a^e
or .-tatur ri;!¦:' 1 up '•••1 til 1 tip an 1 of sprciey t hat jit t aiw
b milium 111 fiU'tarro h"i"iit of G feet at maturity. or land
from w:.ich -urh a stand has been removed anil no other
u~»« <« ib'-'tiH.t'-d en farms 13 commonly called
\mjo01tmJ or farm fur^t
ConreM. m>i1. i,>t «i/h' Horimn, Foil). The mod" of oriirin ot
Ih^ noil with Fp'-nal rcf'Tonif to th" prnr<-";o(»fl riMpon^i-
bl<'1 1"<>r tho dr\.b'p nrist of the sihim thori/orn A .u;d 1{)
froo- thf unfon'-i'li(!atf,d p-»r-'iit molrrnl
Granular (<>•.» uU« ^triu-lure lip'1). aphTicnl af;-
crrc urq tha". may br c'tli'T har-1 or s.ift, u"iia'ly more
firm than crur'-b, and without the d'sttiu-l fac>s o." blocky
<.lrut [up-.
Great »oil Rn" « 'Mth distinct rharact<'r. sml U p"n-
nra!r, pubdiv idrd into U. n or irmr® sulilmri/ons, of Much
A. 11 n<-.t n p.i't th^ nuiKral ">il hi.? thi» n< nrm.lation
of rrr.unf tl^bru on thr ru''fa>,c Olhfr B'mh"ri7on<, are
d'15 ^na'^d t A1, Aand so on.
//o'tj.'n. H. Tr.f l.oriron of d-ncrttmn, to which materials
ha\r> hocn nd.'d by prrcvlatirj: \MtT^, the illuviatcd part
of thf r'>luin, th^ pjbs.nl Tlin hor/on mav nNn lie
druPd int<> sr% rral subli^ri7ons. i|f»pnnlii»»c on the color,
structure. '¦',iimf,nt 13 alT 'ded hv th" trMti'e
of th<» surface ?<%i1 and subsoil, and uy the height 01* tlio
p-ro.nd water table, cither permanent or perched lieia-
tne tfrms f"r r.\pro«;«inc 1r.tom.1l drainage follow None,
\or; bIow. slow, medium, rapid, and ^ery rapid
I.o.ich.nK- soil Th1* rcnio\ al of mat-ina'a in solution
HasB'.Tf CSr# n/jo Structure, jrrade). l.ar^e uniform mnsr.eo of
cohesive soil, Borrotimca with ill-defined and irTefrular
breakage, n? in bome of the fne-texmred .i'du\ial soils
.ci ruclurr)''
Morplitiltip>, mhI The ph>".'il cnnsl tin* ,011 of thf 501I inrhnj.
inp the t.'Ttiue, «:lni.turo, ron* i-.tcnrf, color, and 1,1'n^r
jih>;ual and chfiiiiral proportn*' of the \arioug ouil hon-
roii*: th.tl n.aKc up th.*1 soil yrolile
Mottled .Maikcl w.th spots of color and usually ac«ociatcrf
with pi.'r drni.Mpe r:ptne tenm lor nmtiifq fol-
lo"v Contra' U—faint, di-tmct. and proruac-iU, ab\iiidanc<»
— few, common, and iti.itr,, and si7o—fii.e, n'.^diuin, and
coars° The sire jr.* asMenipnl^ i.ri* a1, follows 1 mo,
coiiiiiK'ttly 1 rir. than ¦" mm (a^uut H2 in] 111 diamct<"«
alone the fjrL'ate'it dimension, medium commonly' i.tiu;-
in^ oetwpnn 5 and Jo rim [about 02 to i> t"> in | aionp
the proat'"5l Jiiii-'i.smn, and cm.si.', mmiuonlj than
l'i mm [ about IM. in J nl'M^ib- fjcat dun'-nsi'iii (I >
Natural drnna^f. Hefers lo th«.vi> contlitions winch cmM1^
daring the development «>f the coil as ^ppo.pd to ult^r.'d
drainage, whitli i«s cotri,iii;nl\ in>' K'-ult m* artif'c.al di.nn-
api* or iriI;:.-1ii'ii if.it ma\ )>.¦ caused b\ sucli f.'n tors ai
sudd >*1 oiop'-iuip: of cli.inni-h or hlockitijj of .Irauvpc
outlo'.r. 'Iho f'jii'^vincr J'ht'.vy torrm a^o rccd to e<-
prt,c"» naturAl drainage Vi«n ponly drained, poor'"
diainul iinpnrf-,cll> 01 somcuh.it ponily drjinod, nu.der-
n(<'l> w«»il >'/
tlramnd. 'in.i «'l y dtan'ti
Normal u'jil, A f-uil )ia»inp a profib- in nnar-ocii,ihbrrim \\ith
im on\ 1 r'm parent niatoiial of .'tiud mineral, p.i>ii-
cal. ami thcmiral roin|MMiion, and t^pre^sinj,' 111 its
cl'iirnr J <> t i"t iep tlio fall «'ii from the
air and waVi'r
I'arrnt inal''iial (Sc»* nl<> luiMn.t variation^
in chai 'icten-tiL'. not i-.cnif;canL to th,x c 1 n<- lfication of
th.s soil in its natural Und"ca[>c but *i»:nifir:int t>-> th<*
\:s^ :i.id rifinapfinent of the s.ul The \ ;.riatn'nr, t*rc
chief);- }j) p\f»rn.a! rhar.iitrristir^ aq relief, bto.n-
or eronun (Ilvimplc Cccd uandy loam, fiod^d
hilly pilaw- )
I'roditctmty, «uil. The canabihlv of a ^oil to produce n sp^cifnd
plant 01 sequence of plants ui.dor a defined eet of man-
n^ement pi art ir."-p
Prollle, soil A T.orticnl yectiori of the ^oil tliroiiph all its hori-
zons and e\lendmp into the ; aiont material (Sec Hon-
ron, ' )
Reaction, soil. Aridity in •ection on Soil Swr\ev Methods./
Keiiff Filiations or ne.|ual.ties <^r tne land '-urfacf. the sb»p-»
yrad.ent Mid th<- pattern of tne^". cor. = id'T« rl collecti\rlt
Runoff I his term referi to ih-- nmoont of \tator h
flow o\il The ,niv>int and npi- .
11v i'f ru:i"fT are niTeei^d bv fac!oj« cum a* letl r.*
btru'tnre, and p->ro«;il\ of the surface t t^.'
cnerinp. the pr«%,-aiiiiir chmate- .nml rho ^foi>e ({"'atn?
d'Trei" of ninnlF 14 1 vrr'ssed in six cla'^c as f.dlo\ r: :
i'orrled slow, «h» *. mrdiurn, rapitl and \ery r-M 1J
SonO. .Small roand is a!ro applied to soils ct.n«ai"ir>
n3 percent <>r mor" of rand
Scnrj*. i>o I A jrtoup of soils having th<» ••ain<: profile eimrft?-
terntir'i, the same prn'ral ranj:c in rol'-r, rtrirlur"1.
siste'u-c, and ^tiueiKC of horizons the parr.e pener.*' T .
ditionn of relief and d-.ina<»»' anr! vi^.iallv a coaimyri
similar "n!in a-d irode of forrnn'.ion A croup "
t>i>es th it are cb'jeiy Mmilar in all respects exeep '
texture of the surface sod.
Silt. Mineral mirticlct of ctl that rcnye in diameter iro"
mm (0 002 in ) to 0 002 mm <0 000070 > »n S!rurlure, prndc). A structur.-lr««;
which each partu le ">isls nejnrately, jn in dune
As used in th,
^v.
Lev el
Undulating
Koll.ntc
report, tney are on follows.
Pfcnt r«rc«e
0-2 11 illy 10-lft
C-10
Steep
Sori. A 1 .iiui.il t.oit'v on tr.e .urf.ice of the earth character./ed
br confonr.anlo ln\crs resulting j-om mt-uificatioa of
pirei-l tm'i>rial by j li cicr.i, clicmical, and biological
forces o\rr n-Tioih of time
Soil clp'-sf^. }It.s"(I on ihc f I itive proportion of soil ncparat"3.
"I hi* pnnupal c]ri'.,cs, ri jn^rcasinp order of the co;iteiit
oi 11.»* Iii or srp-iiaf-> irp a- follows Sun1, loanr. :.and,
r^"d'. b'Tii, hmm silt loam, silt, earidj clav lo.un. clay
loam, raliv clav loa?-., ^.r.dj clav, sill} clay, «m<] clay
Swil jep.-irnii-n Ti.e inilividu.il la^-' ^ro\ip8 of mineral soil par*
tubs, as s.Tid, qiP. r,n' 1 clav
Strtpcroppinj, 'Ihi- pra>ti«e .»f pru.\injj ord.narv fiu-m n.ipa
ni lop/ fiinpi or haiui-. of uimhln widths rn'rovs trie hn®
of Glopn, or appro\rii..'.i'lj on the contour Close-piow-
uitr cropj ar»j bcevied 111 nltcrr.aie strips v ith cleun-tiilod
crops
Structure, ami. The morphclopical nppT",:ateR :n uhirh the
individual poil pnrtn'l.j.. aro arr.i.ifrod IL may rof^r 10
thtur natural arrnrpeiiirrt in the. soil when in ]jlace and
undisturbed or to ine .«nil at anv depree of distiirbanci*,
Soil etructuro is clasbi.icd according to prode, clasb, and
t>T)C
Grade. Dnproe of distinctness of apqTepation. Grade c.c-
pros^ea the di/ferentias between coiie^ion within n^frro-
gates and adhejion liet^cen ogsTegateo. Toons: Mruc-
twrelr„« (1 it „:L fp-ai.i u. 1. • .1. e), wo r . /
Mroju'
H for fio-1 :.^p: ~¦.* t'-s Tit . I' ..L-.
colut»,.,:'r, Plo. I..,, f. ar.^i .^r Mo-r. . .--j,
ai.d i r«.i"b 1 !' .* .•.¦ wjrc . . < -
tipe >'i derate coir l>' )
Su!)>uil Tecii'iii .ill %, ;h' r .1 7. . uf s .] ,«h .. • re
file roi.Ljr.h , that i» irt <•' thf ,1. ,1.-* r - , -v d
Gub-t i 01 n in (">i e nl 01 jfun/ui. (J, d'ul I iron: \].i,i.-ih>.
la \ er 1> ,11^ hr>n«Mt h ti ¦ <1 "un f r tr..c ¦> ]
Surfoee so,] rJ ,v. |'n,|, "i ^.l ar- > ' 1 - • <
aprmiMir it. 1 «¦ on cm,, .. 'ir'--. :.t ,f. -
Th.- t'-ni'i- iit-..-ipf .-jr.i'ti» ru T r, , r . r .0 1
it foi m! It r,»t ic,n N.l" il or t. ,
to an tHnl,-'; ,u nni.r;, , .. •.¦ l<»ril\
Terrace (ri 'iln^ual"). An , d pi 1 ¦¦ 4..b\ f1 1:
dul Our i"n,'p a - ,r. .,n fr- ..m,,, » 1 . 1 •
bottoms rr, v or.t r-.sl'-d "v.;h ll.'f/d p, ^ .
to th. pr. port >r« ': ' 1 <1, •-17*
ciav A c, m r«e.;,,M • u,''d som m,-" > in n, <• t • r
sand, a fi.'w• t°>!uj ',',1 rai r. ia..:e , r 1 >i "r,.i,n f-f
Tjpe, -ml A s^bii.v- -.f *ho so.I re.-;, s la cd t1.-
ti.re of the «„rf ,~e • o,l
Upland (peolo^ic). I.and con stin/ of nv al u.'-v-.-<«¦
water .r recent r.\ dor c tiii ¦* at.d I....: , 1 k- 1 ''
higher elevation than the alia.';-! p'a.n c.; ^cr^r.i , :tr
-c
------- |