BACTERIOLOGICAL PREIMPOUNDMENT STUDY
IN THE
UPPER LEAF RIVER WATERSHED
SMITH COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI
TS-04-73-01
U.S. Environmental
Region
Surveillance and
Athens,
Protection Agency
IV
Analysis Division
Georgia
August, 1972
-------
A - 72-to3
BACTERIOLOGICAL PREIMPOUNDMENT STUDY
IN THE
UPPER LEAF RIVER WATERSHED
SMITH COUNTY, MISSISSIPPI
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Sam Nunn Atlanta Federal Center
Region 4 Library
61 Forsyth Street S.W.
¦>, Gacr^ia 303C3
TS-04-73-01
U.S. Environmental
Region
Surveillance and
Athens,
Protection Agency
IV
Analysis Division
Georgia
August, 1972
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page No.
INTRODUCTION 1
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 3
Summary 3
Conclusions 5
AUTHORITY 8
STUDY AREA 9
WASTE SOURCES 10
STUDY FINDINGS 11
Impoundment Site 8 12
Bacterial Results 12
Coliform Bacteria 12
Fecal Streptococcus Bacteria 14
Salmonella Isolation 15
Flow Determinations 16
Temperature 17
Impoundment Site 4 ..." 18
Bacterial Results 18
Coliform Bacteria 18
Fecal Streptococcus Bacteria 19
Salmonella Isolation 19
Flow Determination 19
Temperature 20
PROJECTED BACTERIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY OF THE
PROPOSED IMPOUNDMENTS 20
REFERENCES 24
APPENDICES
Appendix A, Study Methods
Appendix B, Rainfall Data
Appendix C, Bacterial, Temperature, and Flow Data
-------
LIST OF TABLES
Number
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
XI
Title
Station Locations
Impoundment Site 8 Bacteriological Data Summary -
July 1971 Study
Impoundment Site 8 Bacteriological Data Summary -
May 1972 Study
Impoundment Site 8 Bacteriological Data Summary -
July 1971 - May 1972 Studies
Comparisons of the Geometric Mean Fecal Coliform
and Fecal Streptococci Bacteria Densities for
the Entire Study Period
Salmonella Serotypes Recovered During the July 1971
and May 1972 Studies
Average Estimated Streamflow During the July 1971
and May 1972 Studies
Water Temperature Data Summary for the July 1971
and May 1972 STudies
Impoundment Site 4 Bacteriological Data Summary -
May 1972 Study
Fecal Coliform Bacteria Densities at Impoundment
Site 4 Stations During Period of Surface Runoff
Identification Scheme for Salmonella Suspects
Follows
Page No.
12
12
12
15
16
16
17
18
18
Appendix A
-------
LIST OF FIGURES
Number Title
1 Map of Impoundment Site 8 Study Area
2 Map of Impoundment Site 4 Study Area
3 Fecal Coliform Bacteria Densities at Impoundment
Site 8 Stations During July,1971 and May, 1972
Studies
4 Comparison of the Average Flows at Shongelo and
Big Shongelo Creek
5 Comparison of the Fecal Coliform Density and
Flow at Station 07 During the May 1972 Study
6 Fecal Coliform Die-off Curve During Summer Months
Follows
Page No.
9
9
13
16
20
22
-------
INTRODUCTION
The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service,
plans to construct two multipurpose impoundments in the Upper Leaf
River Watershed in Smith County, Mississippi.(1) Primary contact
recreation is included in the proposed uses for the impoundments.
At the request and support of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) ,
a bacterial water quality study was conducted to determine the
bacterial quality of the stream waters within the watershed, the
adequacy of the water quality for contact recreation, and possible
control measures to implement if the quality proved unsatisfactory.
Waters subjected to fecal contamination originating from livestock,
wildlife and/or humans are characterized by the presence of bacteria
which inhabit the intestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals. The
coliform group of bacteria is discharged in large numbers in warm-
blooded animal excreta.. This bacterial group contains several genera
with similar biochemical properties.
Results of work by Eijkman(2), Hajna and Perry(3), Clark, et. al.
(4), Geldreich, et. al.(5)(6), and Geldreich(7) have enhanced the
differentiation of the coliform bacteria group into subgroups of fecal
and non-fecal origin. The fecal coliform bacteria group is presently
the most reliable bacterial measure of fecal contamination in environ-
mental waters.
Though most are non-pathogenic, coliform bacteria indicate the
probable presence of enteric pathogens resulting from contamination
by fecal material. Some enteric pathogens, if ingested, may cause
-------
2
gasteroenteritis, dysentery, typhoid fever, and/or paratyphoid fever.
Although not necessarily caused by enteric pathogens, ear, eye, nose,
throat and skin infections are commonly contracted from contact with
polluted waters. Viral diseases, such as infectious hepatitus, may
also result from ingestion of waters subjected to fecal contamination.
The most widely accepted bacterial criterion for environmental
waters used for primary contact recreation is based on the fecal
coliform group. A recommended level of fecal coliform bacteria not
to exceed a log mean of 200/100 ml, based on at least five samples
collected during any 30-day period, nor more than 10 percent of the
total number of samples exceeding 400/100 ml is regarded as offering
the bather reasonable safeguards.
It should be noted that no environmental water should be considered
completely safe for primary contact recreation regardless of the bacterial
indicator density of the water. There will be some health risks involved
for the water user; however, the risks should be reduced in waters with
low indicator densities.
All samples collected for microbiological analysis were examined
for fecal coliform and fecal streptococci bacteria densities. Examina-
tions for the presence of Salmonella, an enteric pathogen, were made
at selected stations.
-------
3
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
SUMMARY
1. At the request of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Con-
servation Service, preimpoundment bacteriological studies were
conducted during July 1971 and May 1972 at the sites of two
proposed multipurpose impoundments in the Upper Leaf River
Watershed in Smith County, Mississippi.
2. A waste inventory of the drainage areas for the two impoundments
disclosed no municipal or industrial waste sources. Waste sources
within the drainage areas are limited to agriculturally related
activities and wildlife.
3. Some streams within each drainage are used as receptacles for
solid waste disposal (e.g. household garbage, animal carcasses,
and automobile parts).
Impoundment Site 8
4. The mean fecal coliform bacteria densities at stations within
the Site 8 impoundment area ranged from 13/100 ml (Station 05)
to 660/100 ml (Station 03).
5. The mean fecal coliform densities were generally higher during
the July 1971 than during the May 1972 study.
6. The ratio of mean fecal coliform to mean fecal streptococcus
densities within the Site 8 impoundment area ranged from 0.14:1
to 2.60:1.
-------
4
7. Salmonella were isolated at all sampling stations within the Site 8
impoundment area. Serotypes identified were: J3. give, J3. luciana,
Su muenchen, S^. gaminara, S_. newport, J5. bredeney, _S. java, jS.
infantis, J3. bareilly, and j>. heidelberg.
8. Estimated streamflows within the Site 8 impoundment area ranged
from 0.3 to 1.2 cfs during the July 1971 study and from 0.3 to
4.8 cfs during the May 1972 study.
Impoundment Site 4
9. Sample sites selected within the Site 4 impoundment area were not
sampled during the July 1971 study due to lack of flow. Sampling
at several stations within this area during May 1972 was possible
only after a period of rainfall.
10. The mean fecal coliform densities ranged from 2800 to 8200/100 ml
at the sampling stations within the Site 4 impoundment area during
May 1972.
11. The ratio of mean fecal coliform to fecal streptococci densities
within the Site 4 impoundment area ranged from 1.37:1 to 2.68:1.
12. One station (Station 07) within the Site 4 impoundment area was
sampled for the presence of Salmonella. Inverness was
identified from this station.
13. Estimated screamflows ranged from 0 to 7.0 cfs at the sampling
sites within the Site 4 impoundment area during the May 1972
study.
-------
5
CONCLUSIONS
1. After completion of each impoundment, the retention time in each
reservoir will result in a decrease in bacterial densities and
general improvement of the bacterial water quality.
2. The headwaters of the reservoirs should not be used for primary
contact recreation under any circumstance.
3. Commercial and land developments along each impoundment periphery
and within each drainage area should be adequately controlled if
bacterial water quality is to be maintained.
4. Localized use of chicken litter as agricultural fertilizer may
serve as a contributor of bacterial pollution within each impound-
ment drainage area. Attempts should be made to arrive at agree-
ments with landowners to apply these wastes only during the
non-recreational season.
5. The continued use of streams as solid waste receptables will
degrade the water quality within each drainage area. Efforts
should be made by the appropriate authority to halt this practice
of waste disposal.
Impoundment Site 8
6. Projected bacteriological quality in the Site 8 impoundment area
will be of sufficient quality to support recreational water contact
activities. The bacteriological quality of the impoundment should
be well within the recommended limits (a monthly mean fecal coliform
level not to exceed 200/100 ml) for primary contact recreation.
-------
7. The bacterial water quality of the streams within the proposed
Site 8 impoundment area indicate no major waste sources. The
mean fecal coliform bacteria densities were less than 400/100 ml
except at one station during both survey periods.
8. The mean fecal coliform bacteria density of 940/100 ml at Station
03 during the July 1971 survey apparently resulted from a localized
problem associated with solid waste disposal and wildlife. The
results of the May 1972 survey indicated no bacterial problem at
this station.
9. A waste source inventory indicated the fecal contamination within
the Site 8 impoundment area resulted from non-human sources. Fecal
coliform to fecal streptococci ratios further support this conclu-
sion.
10. The isolation of Salmonella serotypes within the Site 8 impoundment
area is indicative not only of fecal pollution but establishes a
potential for disease transmission.
Impoundment Site 4
11. Projected bacteriological quality in the Site 4 impoundment area
will be marginal for the support of recreational water contact
activities. Based on existing bacterial densities and hydrologic
conditions in the streams tributary to the proposed impoundment,
the impoundment will be subjected to periodic rapid influxes of
runoff carrying extremely high densities of pollution indicator
organisms. Recommended use of this proposed impoundment of water
-------
7
contact recreation should be delayed until sufficient post-
impoundment studies are conducted that demonstrate sufficient
water quality to support primary contact activities.
12. Soil characteristics within the Site 4 impoundment drainage
area promote a rapid runoff of precipitation. Streamflows
within the drainage areas are almost entirely dependent upon
surface runoff.
13. Fecal wastes from domestic animals and wildlife within the
Site 4 impoundment drainage area results in a pronounced
degradation of the bacterial water quality of the streams
during periods of surface runoff.
-------
8
AUTHORITY
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency study of the Upper Leaf
River Watershed preimpoundment areas was performed at the request of
the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service.
Authority for such studies is contained in Section 5(a) of the
Federal Water Pollution Control Act as amended (33 USC 466 et. seq.).
-------
9
STUDY AREA
The two study areas for the proposed multipurpose impoundments
are located in the Upper Leaf River Watershed in Smith County,
Mississippi. Figures 1 and 2 depict these study areas.
Impoundment Site 4 is located approximately three miles northeast
of Pineville, Mississippi, in primarily forested and pasture lands.
The site is situated in the Forest Hill geologic formation comprised
of sandy and silty clays. The dam site will be located on Ichusa Creek.
The drainage area to be regulated by this structure will be approximately
9,364 acres located in Smith and Scott Counties. The surface area of
the completed impoundment will be approximately 800 acres.
Impoundment Site 8 is located approximately five miles northeast
of Raleigh, Mississippi, in primarily forested and pasture lands. The
site falls within the Vicksburg geological group containing a mixture
of sandy clays and non-plastic sands. The dam site will be located on
Shongelo Creek. The drainage area to be regulated by this structure
will be approximately 7,690 acres and the completed impoundment will
have a surface area of approximately 345 acres.
Sampling station locations for both study areas are contained in
Table I and shown in Figures 1 and 2.
-------
TABLE I
STATION LOCATIONS
Station Location
01 Shongelo Creek 0.5 mile downstream from the confluence of
Big Shongelo and Little Shongelo Creeks at County Road
Bridge (Section 33,T3N,R8E).
02 Little Shongelo Creek 0.6 mile upstream from the confluence
with Big Shongelo Creek at County Road Bridge (Section 29,
T3N,R8E).
03 Big Shongelo Creek 0.8 mile upstream from the confluence
with Little Shongelo Creek (Section 29, T3N,R8E).
04 Big Shongelo Creek 1.5 miles upstream from Station 03
at County Road Bridge 1.2 miles from State Highway 35
(Section 17,20,T3N,R8E).
05 Shongelo Recreational Area Lake at spillway (Section 18,
T3N.R8E).
06 Big Shongelo Creek at U.S. Forest Service Road 539A
(Section 8,T3N,R8E).
07 Ichusa Creek at County Road Bridge 1.1 miles from State
Highway 501 (Section 28,T4N,R9E).
08 Ichusa Creek at County Road Bridge 0.8 mile upstream from
Station 07 (Section 28,T4N,R9E).
09 Unnamed creek tributary to Ichusa Creek at County Road
culvert 0.6 mile from State Highway 501 (Section 20,T4N,R9E
10 Unnamed creek tributary to Ichusa Creek at U.S. Forest
Service Road 520 Bridge (Section 9,T4N,R9E).
-------
FIGURE I
• J3 6
\
\
,A
¦' 1
\ COf
~\ I
>
I
I
Shongelo Lake
BIENVILLE NATIONAL
FOREST
1/2
SCALE IN MILES
0 1/2
U.S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
REGION EC
IMPOUNDMENT SITE 8
STUDY AREA
SURVEILLANCE AND ANALYSIS DIVISION
ATHENS GEORGIA
-------
figure 2
-------
10
WASTE SOURCES
A waste source inventory revealed no industrial or municipal
wastes are discharged within the drainage areas of the proposed
impoundments. The inventory revealed some agriculturally related
waste sources within each drainage area.
Within the Site 4 drainage area there are two poultry farms
with approximately 30,000 broilers per farm. These are closed
operations and the poultry litter is removed about twice a year and
routinely spread onto pasture land. In addition, there are 12 farms
with approximately 30 head of cattle per farm. There are no swine
operations within this drainage area.
The Site 8 drainage area has one poultry farm with approximately
1500 laying hens. Litter from this operation is removed about twice
yearly and spread onto pasture land. There are six farms with about
20 head of cattle per farm and there are four general farming opera-
tions. There are no swine operations located within this drainage
area.
There appeared to be abundant wildlife populations inhabiting
both drainage areas.
-------
11
STUDY FINDINGS
Bacteriological water quality studies were conducted at two
proposed impoundment sites in the Upper Leaf River Watershed from
July 13 through 19, 1971, and May 1 through 4, 1972.
Bacteriological samples were collected and quantitatively
analyzed for fecal coliform and fecal streptococci bacteria as
described in Appendix A. Qualitative determinations for members
of the genus Salmonella were made at seven selected stations. The
isolation and identification methods are described in Appendix A.
In addition, water temperatures were recorded and, where possible,
stream flows measured.
The initial study was terminated in July and rescheduled because
of the lack of any streamflow in the Site 4 drainage area. The Site 8
drainage area streams had flow and were sampled during the July 1971
study.
During the May 1972 study, there was streamflow in the principal
stream (Ichusa Creek) in the Site 4 drainage area. In addition,
approximately one inch of rainfall in the Site 4 drainage area during
this study period resulted in adequate streamflows for a short time
(Appendix B). The effect that surface runoff had on the bacterial
quality of the streams in this area was determined. All Site 8
stations had adequate flow and were sampled during this study.
-------
12
IMPOUNDMENT SITE 8
Bacterial Results
Coliform Bacteria
The fecal coliform bacteria data summaries for the July 1971 and
May 1972 studies are presented in Tables II and III. In general, the
mean fecal coliform bacteria densities were slightly lower at the
different stations during May 1972 than during July 1971. This is
graphically illustrated in Figure 3. The combined data summary for
the two studies are presented in Table IV. All fecal coliform data
are contained in Appendix C.
Station 01, located on Shongelo Creek immediately downstream from
the proposed dam site, had a meani^ fecal coliform bacteria density of
320/100 ml for the entire study (Table IV). This density reflects the
combined tributary bacterial input for the drainage area since all
tributaries flow into Shongelo Creek above this point.
Little Shongelo Creek as measured at Station 02 contributed a
mean fecal coliform bacteria density of 340/100 ml. There was little
difference between the July 1971 and May 1972 mean fecal coliform
densities at this station (Tables II and III).
Station 03, located on Big Shongelo Creek had a combined mean
fecal coliform density of 660/100 ml (Table IV) which was the highest
of any station in the Site 8 study area. As seen in Tables II and III
All means referred to in this report are geometric means.
-------
TABLE II
Impoundment Site 8 Bacteriological Data Summary - July 1971 Study
Fecal Coliform Bacteria/100 ml Fecal Streptococci Bacteria/100 ml
Station
Maxi-
mum
Mini-
mum
Aver-
age
Geo.
Mean
Maxi-
mum
Mini-
mum
Aver-
age
Geo.
Mean
No. of
Samples
01
2,600
190
640
360
2,900
1,000
1,600
1,500
6
02
510
210
350
330
1,900
760
1,300
1,200
6
03
3,800
510
1,200
940
4,200
2,400
2,900
2,800
6
04
480
240
320
310
2,900
1,900
2,200
2,200
6
05
50
17
27
25
18
1
7
4
6
06
380
110
250
230
3,800
1,400
2,600
2,400
6
-------
TABLE III
Impoundment Site 8 Bacteriological Data Summary - May 1972 Study
Fecal Streptococci
Fecal Coliform Bacteria/100 ml Bacteria/100 ml
Maxi- Mini- Aver- Geo. Maxi- Mini- Aver- Geo. No. of
Station mum mum age Mean mum mum age Mean Samples
01 1,200 95 480 250 1,200 200 700 550 3
02 460 260 370 360 1,200 700 900 880 3
03 610 180 370 330 1,500 600 930 860 3
04 280 130 210 200 1,900 820 1,300 1,200 3
05 10 2 5 3 10 5 7 7 3
06 400 110 220 190 760 350 560 520 3
-------
TABLE IV
Impoundment Site 8 Bacteriological Data Summary - July, 1971-May, 1972 Study
Fecal Coliform Bacteria/100 ml Fecal Streptococci Bacteria/100 ml
Maxi- Mini- Aver- Geo. Maxi- Mini- Aver- Geo. No. of
Station mum mum age Mean mum mum age Mean Samples
01
2,600
95
580
320
2,900
200
1,300
1,100
9
02
510
210
350
340
1,900
700
1,200
1,100
9
03
3,800
180
950
660
4,200
600
2,200
1,900
9
04
480
130
280
270
2,900
820
1,900
1,800
9
05
50
2
19
13
18
1
7
5
9
06
400
110
240
220
3,800
350
2,100
1,600
9
-------
13
and Figure 3, there was a large difference between the July 1971 and
May 1972 mean fecal coliform bacteria densities. There are several
factors to note regarding July 1971 mean fecal coliform bacteria
density of 940/100 ml. First, an elevated fecal coliform density
was measured on July 19 which resulted from surface runoff produced
by heavy rainfall (Appendix C). In addition, there was clandestine
disposal of solid waste within the immediate vicinity of Station 03.
The waste consisted of dead poultry, poultry viscera, feathers, and
household garbage. Samples were collected upstream of these wastes;
however, numerous animal tracks were evident along both banks of the
creek and there were indications that animals were scavenging the
wastes. In contrast, during the May 1972 study, there was no evidence
of any recent waste disposal at this station and the mean fecal coliform
bacteria density was 330/100 ml.
Station 04, °n Big Shongelo Creek 1.5 miles upstream from Station
03, had a mean fecal coliform bacteria density of 270/100 ml for the
entire study period. The mean fecal coliform density at this station
was higher during the July 1971 study than during the May 1972 study
(Tables II and III, Figure 3).
Station 05 was located at the concrete spillway at Shongelo
Recreation Area Lake. The mean fecal coliform density of 13/100 ml
was indicative of little fecal contamination. As shown in Figure 3,
the mean fecal coliform bacteria density was slightly higher in the
July 1971 study than in the May 1972 study. Swimmers were observed
on several different days during the July 1971 study; however, none
were seen during the May 1972 sampling period.
-------
FIGURE 3
FECAL COLIFORM BACTERIA DENSITIES AT IMPOUNDMENT SITE 8
STATIONS DURING JULY, 1971 AND MAY, 1972 STUDIES
12 3 15 6
STATIONS
-------
14
Station 06, located on Big Shongelo Creek within the Bienville
National Forest, had a mean fecal coliform bacteria density of
220/100 ml. There was little difference between the July 1971 and
May 1972 mean densities at this station.
Fecal Streptococcus Bacteria
Fecal streptococcus bacteria analyses were performed to aid in
establishing whether pollution in the study areas was primarily of
animal or human origin. It has been found that fecal coliform to
fecal streptococcus (FC/FS) ratios are useful in indicating the origin
of fecal pollution. A fecal coliform to fecal streptococci ratio of
greater than 4.0 is regarded as evidence of pollution derived
primarily from human origin, whereas an FC/FS ratio of 0.7 or less
suggests pollution derived predominantly or entirely from livestock,
wildlife, and/or poultry.(7) Ratios just below 4.0 are still sug-
gestive of waste primarily of human origin, and ratios slightly
greater than 0.7 are still suggestive of wastes of animal origin.
A truly "gray-area" of interpretation is in the ratio range of 1.0
to 2.0. Interpretation of ratios in this area should be used with
great caution.
Any ratio must be applied in areas where the time of travel from
the wastes sources at the sampling points is less than 24 hours because
of the differences in die-off rates of the two bacterial groups.
The mean fecal streptococci bacteria densities for each study
period and the entire study period are contained in Tables II, III
-------
15
and IV. As was the case with fecal coliform densities, the mean fecal
streptococci bacteria densities were consistently higher during the
July 1971 study than during the May 1972 study (Tables II and III).
Station 03 had the highest mean fecal streptococci density
(2800/100 ml) for the July 1971 study period. As previously mentioned,
the clandestine dumping of solid waste within the immediate vicinity
of this station possibly indirectly influenced the fecal streptococci
densities.
The fecal coliform to fecal streptococci ratios for the entire
study period are contained in Table V. With one exception, the ratios
obtained were 0.35 or less which indicates pollution originating
predominantly from livestock, wildlife, poultry, and other non-human
fecal material. This agrees with the results of the waste source
inventory which indicated an absence of domestic wastes. Station 05
had a ratio within the "gray-area" of interpretation. The "gray"
FC/FS ratio at this station resulted from the very low mean fecal
coliform and fecal streptococci densities obtained and no clear
interpretation would be expected.
Salmonella Isolation
In addition to the determinations of fecal coliforms and fecal
streptococci, special efforts were made to detect members of the
genus Salmonella at selected stations.
Salmonella is a large serologically related genus comprised of
some 1,300 serotypes. Salmonella is probably the easiest enteric
-------
TABLE V
COMPARISONS OF THE GEOMETRIC MEAN FECAL COLIFORM
AND FECAL STREPTOCOCCI BACTERIA DENSITIES FOR THE ENTIRE STUDY PERIOD
Station
01
02
03
04
05
06
Geometric Mean
Fecal Coliforms
per 100 ml
320
340
660
270
13
220
Geometric Mean
Fecal Streptococci
per 100 ml FC /FS*
1,100 0.29
1,100 0.31
1,900 0.35
1,800 0.15
5 2.60
1,600 0.14
*FC/FS - Geometric mean fecal coliform bacteria/100 ml
Geometric mean fecal streptococci bacteria/100 ml
-------
16
pathogen to isolate from environmental waters. All Salmonella are
considered pathogenic for man, animals, or both. The presence of
Salmonella is proof of fecal contamination and establishes the
disease-producing potential of the water.
Table VI lists the stations where Salmonella isolation was
attempted and the serotypes isolated. Several facts should be
noted regarding the Salmonella isolations. Six serotypes were
isolated at Station 02 on Little Shongelo Creek during the July
1971 survey. No definitive explanation can be given for the
variety of isolates at this station. However, there were uncon-
firmed reports of a beaver-dam upstream of this station and the
possibility of beaver as the source of the Salmonella exists. The
recovery of two Salmonella serotypes at Station 05 when the mean
fecal coliform bacteria density was 25/100 ml simply underscores
the fact that low indicator levels alone do not negate the possibility
of enteric pathogen presence.
Flow Determinations
The average estimated streamflows for the July 1971 and May 1972
studies are shown in Table VII. In July 1971, average flows ranged from
0.3 cfs at Station 06 to 1.2 cfs at Station 01. The average flows
during the May 1972 survey were from two to four times greater than
the July 1971 flows. Figure 4 illustrates a comparison of the riv°rage
estimated flows at the Shongelo and Big Shongelo Crp-'-. " ' i - during
the two survey periods.
-------
TABLE VI
SALMONELLA SEROTYPES RECOVERED DURING THE
JULY 1971 AND MAY 1972 STUDIES
Station Number
01
02
03
04
05
06
Salmonella Serotypes
July 1971
S^ give, luciana
jS. muenchen, S. give, S_. gaminara,
S_. newport, S^. bredeney, S^ java
S^ gaminara
S. infantis
S^ newport bareilly
S. infantis, S. bareilly
May 1972
None Recovered
None Recovered
None Recovered
. heidelberg
S^ bredeney
None Recovered
-------
TABLE VII
AVERAGE ESTIMATED STREAMFLOWS DURING THE
JULY 1971 AND MAY 1972 STUDIES
July 1971 May 1972
Station Average Flow (CFS) Average Flow (CFS)
01 1.2 4.8
02 0.8 2.0
03 0.4 2.0
04 0.3 1.3
05 <0.5 0.5
06 0.3 0.7
-------
5.0
4.0
FIGURE 4
COMPARISON OF THE AVERAGE FLOWS IN SHONGELO
AND BIG SHONGELO CREEK
3.0
to
*~-
o
5
o
2.0
\
KEY
July 1971 Study
May 1972 Study
05
L_
1.0
_l
SCALE IN MILES
I O
03
04
06
STATIONS
-------
Temperature
17
Water temperatures at the Site 8 stations ranged from 22.0°C to
31.0°C during the July 1971 study. The average temperatures ranged
from 23.9°C to 29.4°C (Table VIII). During the May 1972 study, the
temperatures ranged from 17.0°C to 23.5°C, and the average station
temperatures ranged from 17.2°C to 22.5cC.
-------
TABLE VIII
WATER TEMPERATURE DATA SUMMARY FOR THE
JULY 1971 AND MAY 1972 STUDIES
Water Temperature °C
Station July 1971 May 1972
Number Maximum Minimum Average Maximum Minimum Average
01 26.. 5 23.0 24.2 18.0 17.0 17.7
02 29.0 23.5 25.8 19.0 18.0 18.3
03 25.0 22.5 23.9 18.0 17.0 17.3
04 26.0 22.5 24.7 17.5 17.0 17.2
05 31.0 29.0 29.4 23.5 22.0 22.5
06 27.5 22.0 24.0 18.0 17.0 17.3
-------
18
IMPOUNDMENT SITE 4
Bacterial Results
Collform Bacteria
During the July 1971 study there was no base streamflow in the entire
Site 4 drainage area. On July 19 one sample was collected at Station 07
(Ichusa Creek immediately downstream of the proposed damsite). There was
flowing water at this point as a result of rainfall which occurred on the
night of July 16, and the morning of July 17 (Appendix B). The fecal
coliform bacteria density of the sample was 1100/100 ml (Appendix C).
The bacterial data summary for the May 1972 study is contained in
Table IX. During the first two days of the May 1972 study there was only
one flowing point (station 07).
As a result of rainfall in the area, during the second day of sampling,
four flowing points were sampled to determine the effect of surface runoff
on the bacterial quality of the water. Figure 5 illustrates the impact of
the surface runoff on stream flow and fecal coliform density at Station 07.
As shown, the fecal coliform bacteria density increased from 350/100 ml before
the rain to >50,000/100 ml in approximately 24 hours. Within the next 24 hours
the fecal coliform bacteria density had decreased to 3100/100 ml.
The fecal coliform density at Stations 08, 09, and 10 followed basically
the same pattern of extremely high densities during the first 24 hours of
runoff and decreasing densities in the succeeding 24 hours (Table X). The
effects of the surface runoff on the bacterial quality of the water was quite
dramatic since lack of base flow precluded any dilution of the runoff. These
high bacterial densities would be expected after each rainfall within this
drainage area.
-------
TABLE IX
Impoundment Site 4 Bacteriological Data Summary
May 1972 Study
Fecal Coliform/100 ml
Fecal Strept
ococci/100 ml
No. of
FC/FS*
Sta.
Maximum
Minimum
Average
Geo. Mean
Maximum
Minimum
Average
Geo. Mean
Samples
Ratio
07
>50,000
320
12,000
2,800
11,000
130
3,300
1,400
12
2.00
08
>50,000
990
19,000
7,000
18,000
1,700
7,700
5,100
6
1.37
09
>50,000
300
25,000
7,500
15,000
600
4,600
2,800
7
2.68
10
>50,000
1,200
20,000
8,200
15,000
2,000
7,100
5,900
6
1.39
Geometric Mean Fecal Coliforms/100 ml
Geometric Mean Fecal Streptococci/100 ml
-------
TABLE X
Fecal Coliform Bacteria Densities at Impoundment Site 4
Stations During Period of Surface Runoff
Fecal Coliforms/LOO ml -
Date Time Station 08 Station 09 Station 10
5-2-72
1200
No Flow
No Flow
No Flow
5-2-72
1510
No Flow
23,000
No Flow
5-3-72
1030
+
30
11,000
>50,000
>50,000
5-3-72
1445
+
45
>50,000
>50,000
50,000
5-3-72
1810
+
10
>50,000
>50,000
13,000
5-4-72
0900
+
25
2,300
1,100
5,500
5-4-72
1230
+
15
1,800
1,400
1,200
5-4-72
1630
+
15
990
300
1,400
-------
19
Fecal Streptococcus Bacteria
The summary of the fecal streptocci data is presented in Table IX.
The mean fecal streptococci densities ranged from 1400/100 ml at station
07 to 5900/100 ml at station 10. The fecal coliform to fecal streptococci
ratios presented in Table IX ranged from 1.37 to 2.68. All ratios were
in the "gray area" of interpretation and no conclusions using these ratios
could be drawn as to the origin of the fecal waste. This is as expected
since most the bacterial densities enumerated at the Site 4 stations
resulted from multiple fecal wastes scoured from the drainage area by sur-
face runoff.
Salmonella Isolation
Isolation for the genus Salmonella was attempted at Station 07 only,
since this was the only station with base flow during the May 1972 study.
Salmonella inverness was isolated at this station. No attempt was made to
isolate Salmonella at the Site 4 stations during July 1971.
Flow Determination
There was no base flow at 3 of the Site 4 stations during the July
1971 study. There was some flow, estimated to be <0.1 cfs, at Station 07
following rain in the drainage area.
During the May 1972 study there was base flow at Station 07, only
(estimated to be <0.1 cfs). While this study was being conducted
approximately 1.0 inch of rainfall occurred within the Site 4 drainage
area. As a result of surface runoff, the streamflow at Station 07
-------
20
peaked at approximately 7.0 cfs (Figure 5). The peak flows at Stations
08 and 10 were estimated at 6.0 cfs and 20 cfs, respectively (Appendix
C). No flow determinations could be made at Station 09. Within 72
hours after the beginning of the rainfall, there was no flowing water
at Stations 09 and 10.
Temperature
Water temperatures at the Site 4 stations ranged from 14.5°C to
24.5°C. The average temperatures ranged from 17.4°C to 18.8°C (Appendix
C).
PROJECTED BACTERIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY
OF THE PROPOSED IMPOUNDMENTS
IMPOUNDMENT SITE 8
Existing bacterial water quality within the drainage area together
with runoff data and proposed reservoir volume is used as a base for
estimating future impoundment bacterial quality.
Runoff data from the Upper Leaf River Watershed for the period
1951-1960 were used to obtain an estimate of runoff within the
impoundment drainage area. (8) An average runoff for the months of
June, July, and August are used for predictive pruposes. Records
show that an average 0.50 inches of runoff per month occurred during
the recreation season of the above 10-year period.
Impoundment drainage area and projected reservoir volume data
were obtained from the Soil Conservation Service.(1) The drainage
-------
100 0 W-
100,000
FIGURE 5
COMPARISON OF THE FECAL COLIFORM DENSITY AND
FLOW AT STATION 07 DURING THE MAY 1972 STUDY
> 50,000
50,000
10 0
10,000 —
:
5
o
o
o
5
ce
o
o
o
<
o
i o -
1,000
Fecal Coliform Density
Flow
0 I »-
100
1200
5/1/72
2400
L- 1 ' '
1200
5/2/72
i
2400
1200
5/3/72
1
2400
1200
5/4/72
I
2400
-------
21
area for Site 8 is 7690 acres and the projected recreational pool volume
is 3062 acre feet.
Applying the following mixing equation, some rough estimates can
be made.
Cl^l + ^2^2
Ql + Q2
C]_ = mean FC density of runoff
Ql = acre feet of runoff during recreation season
C2 = mean FC density of the impoundment when filled (estimated
to be 25/100 ml when not under heavy runoff influence)
Q2 = acre feet of impoundment at normal recreation pool level
Applying a mean runoff fecal coliform density of 660/100 ml (highest
mean density measured during the entire study), an estimated mean FC
density of 31/100 ml would occur throughout the lake. Naturally, such
a projection assumes complete and instantaneous mixing of runoff and
reservoir water and no bacterial dieoff. Consequently, such a projec-
tion would be considered excessively high for the reservoir as a whole.
In actuality, counts would be highest near tributaries and lowest near
the impoundment outlet. Nevertheless the above technique provides useful
information.
Using a mean runoff FC density of 5000/100 ml, a value higher than
any density measured at the Site 8 stations during a runoff period, and
with all other factors remaining the same, a projected reservoir FC
density of only 75/100 ml would be expected throughout the lake.
Another factor to consider in estimating future impoundment bacterial
quality is dieoff. Fecal coliform dieoff patterns have been established
-------
22
from considerable amounts of stream data. (9) Although the dieoff
response may vary from stream to stream, some general relationships
have been established. Figure 6 shows a general dieoff pattern for
fecal coliform during summer months. The dieoff curve represents the
percent of the initial density remaining with time.
Applying the general dieoff pattern in Figure 6 to the maximum
mean FC density measured at Site 8 indicates that a recreational
criterion of 200/100 ml could easily be attained in those areas of
the lake one day's flow time from the point of tributary discharge.
This assumes no dilution and no additional indicator bacteria being
added within the course of travel.
Based on the dieoff pattern presented in Figure 6, much higher
FC densities than those observed during this study would be required
before violation of the recreational criterion would occur. This is
especially true when the time of travel is 1.5 days or greater.
From the dilution projections together with the knowledge that
considerable bacterial dieoff will occur within the lake, it would
appear that the bacterial quality within the Site 8 impoundment will
be more than sufficient to support water contact activities.
IMPOUNDMENT SITE 4
This site presents a rather unique situation in that during
portions of the year there is no base flow in any of the streams
within the drainage area. Another feature of this site is the
-------
100 0
bJ
Q
<
UJ
r
lL.
o
o
or
UJ
0.
CO
<
c/0
5
q:
o
100
o
o
_i
<
o
LJ
U.
I 0
_L
_L
10 2 0
TIME OF TRAVEL (DAYS)
3 0
-------
23
rapid runoff following rainfall. For these reasons, the Site 4
impoundment will be subjected to periodic influxes of runoff carry-
ing high bacterial indicator levels.
Applying the mixing equation previously used and substituting
the mean FC densities measured at Site 4, the drainage area and pool
volume, some estimates of future bacteriological quality are again
made. The maximum and minimum FC densities measured were 8200 and
2800/100 ml. The drainage area for Site 4 is 9864 acres and the
projected recreational pool volume is 6476 acre feet. As with Site
8, a mean runoff of 0.50 inches per month during the recreation
season represents the incoming volume being discharged into the
impoundment. A background FC density of 25/100 ml is assumed for
the lake when completely filled.
Using these figures and applying the maximum and minimum mean
FC densities, the projected mean FC densities in the lake would be
490 and 180/100 ml, respectively. Although these projected densities
are rough estimates, they do indicate the quality within this impound-
ment could be marginal for water contact activities. Undoubtedly,
there will be higher densities adjacent to tributaries.
The apparent dramatic effect that rainfall in the Site 4 area
has on both runoff and the high bacterial densities transported by
this runoff makes projection of future bacteriological quality of
the impoundment difficult. However, based on the high FC densities
measured during the May 1972 study, indications are that the bacterial
quality of the proposed impoundment would be marginal for water contact
activities with all factors affecting bacterial quality considered.
-------
24
LIST OF REFERENCES
1. Watershed Work Plan Upper Leaf River Watershed, Smith and Scott Counties,
Mississippi, 1967.
2. Eijkman, C., 1904. Die garungsprobe bei 46° als hilfsmittle bei der
trink - wasseruntersun - chung. Cintr. Bakteriol. Parasitink., Abt.
I o, orig. 37_: 742.
3. Hajna, A. A., and Perry, C. A., 1943. "Comparative Study of Pre-
sumptive and Confirmatory Media for Bacteria of the Coliform Group
and for Fecal Streptococci," American Journal of Public Health, 33:
550.
4. Clark, H. F., Geldreich, E. E., Kabler, P. W., Bordner, R. H., and
Huff, C. B., 1957, The Coliform Group. I. Boric Acid Lactose Reaction
of the Coliform IMVIC Types„ Appl. Microbiol. _5, 396.
5. Geldreich, E. E., Clark, H. F., Kabler, P. W., Huff, C. B., and
Bordner, R. H., 1958. The Coliform Group II. Reactions in E. C.
Medium at 45°C. Appl. Microbiol. _6, 347.
6. Geldreich, E. E., Clark, H. F., Huff, C. B., and Best, L. C., 1965.
Fecal Coliform Organism Medium for the Membrane Filter Technique.
J. A. Water Works Association. _57, 208.
7. Geldreich, E. E., 1966. Sanitary Significance of Fecal Coliform in
the Environment, U. S. Department of the Interior, Federal Water Pol-
lution Control Administration.
8. Compilation of Records of Surface Waters of the United States, October
1950 to September 1960, Part 2-B. Geological Survey Water-Supply
Paper 1724, 1963.
9. Ballentine, R. K., and Kittrell, F. W., 1968. "Observation of Fecal
Coliforms in Several Recent Stream Pollution Studies," U. S. Depart-
ment of the Interior.
10. Moore, B., 1949. The Detection of Paratyphoid Carriers in Towns
by Means of Sewage Examination, Bull. Hyg., _24, 187.
11. American Public Health Association, Standard Methods for the Examination
of Water and Wastewater, 13th Edition, 1971.
12. Spino, D. F., 1966. Elevated-Temperature Technique for the Isolation
of Salmonella From Streams, Appl. Microbiol. _14, No. 4, 591.
13. Ewing, W. H., 1962. Enterobacteriaceae, Biochemical Methods for Group
Differentiation, Public Health Service Publication No. /34.
14. Edwards, P. R., ana Ewing, W. H., 1962. Identification of Enterobac-
teriaceae . Burgess Publication Company, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
-------
APPENDIX A
-------
STUDY METHODS
BACTERIOLOGICAL SAMPLING
All stream samples analyzed for indicator bacteria were collected near
the surface using a grab technique. The samples were collected in sterile
glass containers and placed on ice until time of analysis. Most samples
were analyzed within four hours of collection.
Stream samples collected for the purpose of isolating Salmonella were
obtained using a modification of the swab technique of Moore (10). Sanitary
napkins (swabs) were folded, gauze ends tied together, and a length of heavy
string attached. The swabs were then wrapped in kraft paper and sterilized.
The sterile swabs were suspended beneath the water surface at selected
sampling stations. After three to five days, the swabs were retrieved,
placed in sterile plastic bags, and returned to the laboratory for analysis.
BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION
Fecal Coliform Enumeration
The fecal coliform membrane filter procedure outlined in Standard
Methods (11) was used. The procedure employs M-FC medium at an incubation
temperature of 44„5 + 0.2°C (waterbath) for 24 hours.
Fecal Streptococci Enumeration
The membrane filter technique outlined in Standard Methods (11) was
used. The method employs M-Enterococcus agar incubated at 35 + 0.5°C for
48+3 hours.
-------
A-2
Salmonella Isolation and Identification
Swabs used for isolation purposes were placed into wide-mouthed jars
containing approximately 200 ml of 1 1/2 strength tetrathionate broth with
brilliant green added. The inoculated enrichment was incubated from 24 to
48 hours at 41«50C according to the procedure of Spino (12). After either
primary or sub-culture enrichment, an inoculum from each enrichment was
streaked onto Xylose Lysine Desoxycholate Agar (XLD) and Hektoen Enteric
Agar (HE) plates and incubated at 35° + 0.5°C for 18-24 hours. Suspected
Salmonella colonies were picked from the respective plates and subjected
to the identification scheme outlined in Table XI.
The methods and media outlined in Table XI are described by Ewing
(13), with the exception of the cytochrome oxidase method. Oxidase activity
was determined using Pat'no-Tec-Coi^ reagent impregnated strips.
Definitive serological identification of Salmonella isolates was made
at the Southeast Water Laboratory. The methodology used was the standard
serological procedures described by Edwards and Ewing (14).
FLCfrJ DETERMINATION
Streamflows were estimated, if possible, at each sampling station.
Average cross-sectional measurements and average velocities were determined
using a Pygmy current meter. Staff gages were installed for reference and
velocities were measured each time the staff gage reading changed.
1/ Does not imply endorsement of the product.
-------
Table XI
IDENTIFICATION SCHEME FOR SALMONELLA SUSPECTS
Suspect colony
Lysine Iron Agar (LIA)
Alkaline slant and alkaline or
neutral butt with or without HgS
Urease Production
Acid slant and butt; Alkaline
slant and acid butt-DISCARD
Positive
DISCARD
Positive
DISCARD
Negative
I
Cytochrome Oxidase
Negative
I
Lactose,Sodium Malonate; Indole
Positive
DISCARD
Negative
Lysine decarboxylase, Citrate, Motility, H2S
Positive Negativ
| DISCAr
U U
Poly C^Antisera
Positive Negative
I DISCARO
Complete Serological Identification
Confirmation of identification by National
Center For Disease Control
-------
APPENDIX B
-------
Rainfall Data
Date Rainfall (inches)
Forest, Miss0—^ Mize , Mis s ^ White Oak, Miss.-I^
July 13, 1971 0.05 0 0
July 14, 1971 0 0.22 0
July 15, 1971 0 0 0
July 16, 1971 2.19 0 0
July 17, 1971 0 0 1.43
July 18, 1971 0 0 0
July 19, 1971 0 0 0
May 1, 1972 0 0.50 0
May 2, 1972 0.11 0.80 0.17
May 3, 1972 0 0 0.54
May 4, 1972 0 0 0
JL^National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather stations nearest
to the two study areas.
-------
APPENDIX C
-------
STORE.T RETRIEVAL DATE 72/06/02
274540 01 M-129-0 2
32 03 33.0 0B9 2a 5H.G
LEAF R.-SHONGELO CREEK
28 MISSISSIPPI
SOUTHEAST
PASCAGOULA RIVER BASIN
1113S050 21 1 1204
3 0000 FEET OFPTh
0 0 0 10
0 0 0 M
31616
31679
DATE
TIME DEPTH
v) ATE-?
STREAM
FtC COL I
F (• CSTRFp
FROM
OF
T EM^
F LOW «
M-ECH'V
m F M - E1 vl T
TO
DAY
FFET
Ct'NT
iNbT-CFS
/ l'JO^'L
/100ML
71/07/13
09
55
23.0
1
2m-0
130 0
71/07/14
09
50
23.5
1
220
140 0
71/07/15
08
07
23.5
1
350
140 0
13
20
2^.5
1
190
10 0 0
71/07/16
09
30
24.0
1
230
150 0
71/0 7/19
12
15
24.5
2
260 0
290 0
72/05/01
11
50
18.0
5
95
20 0
72/05/02
0 9
25
18.0
5
120 0
1200
72/05/04
15
00
17.0
5
1 30
700
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 72/06/02
274542 02 M-129-03
32 03 59.0 064 29 29.0
LEAF R.-LITTLE SHONbELO CREEK
28 MISSISSIPPI
SOUTHEAST
PASCAGOULA RIVER BAbIN
1113S050 2111204
3 0000 KEET DEPTH
000 10
DATE TIME DEPTH WATER
FROM OF TEMP
TO DAY FEET CENT
71/07/13 09 35 23.5
71/07/14 09 35 24.0
71/07/15 09 10 24.0
13 35 28.0
71/07/16 09 40 29.0
71/07/19 13 15 26.0
72/05/01 12 15 18.0
72/05/02 09 45 18.0
72/05/04 14 45 19.0
OOObl 31616 31679
STREAM FEC COL I FFCSTREP
FLOW, MFM-FC-3R MF M-ENT
INST-CFS /10 0ML /100ML
1 320 810
1 300 1600
1 4 20 l<+t)0
1 310 / bO
1 210 1900
1 510 1200
2 380 !(){)
2 460 1200
2 260 800
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 72/05/02
274544 03 M-129-04
32 04 22.0 089 29 29.0
LEAF R.-8IG SHONGtLO CREFK
28 MISSISSIPPI
SOUTHEAST
PASCAGOULA RIVER BaSIN
111 3S050 "211120*4.
3 0000 FEET DEPTH
00010
DATE TIME JEPTH WATE^
FROM OF TEMP
TO DAY FEET CENT
71/07/13 09 30 22.b
71/07/14 09 30 23.5
71/07/15 OB 45 24.0
13 45 25.0
71/07/16 09 45 24.5
71/07/19 14 15 2^.0
72/05/01 12 22 17.0
72/05/02 10 00 18.0
72/05/04 14 35 17.0
00061 31616 31679
STREAM F EC COL I FECS I REP
FLOW* MFM-FCHR MF M - fc N T
IMST-CFS /100ML / 100ML
0.3 760 420 0
0.3 550 2700
0.3 930 2400
0.3 510 240 0
0.3 930 2600
1 3800 2900
2 320 600
2 610 1500
2 180 70 0
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 72/06/02
274546 04 M-129-U5
32 05 22.0 089 29 43.0
LEAF R.-WIG SHONGELO CREEK
28 MISSISSIPPI
SOUTHEAST
PASCAGOULA RIVER BASIN
1113S050 2111204
3 0000 FEET DEPTH
DATE TIME DEPTH
FROM OF
TO DAY FEET
0 0 010
WATER
TEMP
CENT
00061
STREAM
FLOW»
INST-CFS
31616
FEC COL I
MFM-FC8R
/100ML
71/07/13
71/07/14
71/07/15
71/07/16
71/07/19
72/05/01
72/05/02
72/05/04
08 50
10 05
09 50
13 55
10 00
14 40
10 35
10 10
14 20
22.5
24.0
24.5
26.0
25.0
26.0
17.0
17.5
17.0
0 . 3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
1
1
1
480
270
280
240
240
410
280
210
130
316^9
FtCSTWEP
M F M - E N T
/ 10 0 ML.
2400
230 0
190 0
1900
2900
20 0 0
820
1 9o u
1100
-------
ST OWE T PfcTRIEVAl DATE 72/06/02
274548 05 M -129-06
32 0 5 <+0.0 0«9 30 40.0
LEAF R.-5H0NGEL0 PA^K LAKE
28 MISSISSIPPI
SOUTHEAST
PASCAGOULA P1VER BASIN
I113S050 2111204
3 0000 FEET DEPTH
000 10
0 0 0 6 1
31616
31679
DATE
TIME' DFPTH
W ATE P
STREAM
FEC COL I
FECSTREP
FROM
OF
TEMP
F LOW»
MFM-FCHw
MF M-EMT
TO
DAY
FEET
CENT
INST-CFS
/ 1UUML
/10 0ML
71/07/13
10
20
29.0
(I.5K
17
4
71/07/ 14
10
30
29.0
0 . 5K
50
1
71/07/15
10
15
29.0
0 . 5K
2b
in
14
10
31.0
0 . 5K
In
2K
71/07/16
09
10
29.0
0 . 5K
28
6
71/07/19
14
50
20
>i
72/05/01
10
55
22.0
0.5
2
10
72/05/02
0 9
05
22.0
0.5
2
1
72/05/04
15
25
23.5
0.5
10
5
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL OATE 72/0^/02
274550 Ob M-129-07
32 0 6 54.0 0 89 30 0 5.0
LEAF R.-bIG SHONGELO CPEFK
28 MISSISSIPPI
SOUTHEAST
PASCAGOULA PIVER BAbIN
1113S050 211120^
3 0 000 FEET DEPTH
0 0 0 1 (J
DATE TIKE. DEPTH WATER
FROM OF TEM^
TO DAY FEET CENT
71/07/1J 10 35 23.0
71/07/14 10 40 22.5
71/07/15 10 25 24.0
14 20 27.b
71/07/16 08 55 22.0
71/07/19 15 05 25.0
72/05/01 10 15 17.0
72/05/02 08 50 18.0
72/05/04 14 00 17.0
00061 31616 J 16 79
STREAM EEC COL1 KECSTkEP
FLOw» MFM-FC3* mF M-ENT
INST-CPS / 10 0ML /10 OML
0.3 22U 2300
0.3 170 260 0
0.3 2 7U 360 0
0.3 110 160 0
0.3 380 380 0
0.3 360 14 00
1 160 760
1 400
1 110 350
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 72/06/02
274552 07 M-129-08
32 09 10.0 089 23 01.0
LEAF R.-ICHUSA CREEK
28 MISSISSIPPI
SOUTHEAST
PASCAGOULA RIVER BASIN
1113S050 2111204
3 0000 FEET OEPTH
000 10
0 0 0 6 1
31616
31679
DATE
TI ME DEPTH
WATER
STREAM
FEC COL I
Ffcsrwtp
FROM
OF
TEMP
FLOW »
MFM-FCbR
mF M-ENT
TO
DAY
FFET
CENT
IMS r-CFS
/1 uOML
/10 0 ML
71/07/19
1 1
50
24 . 5
0 .IK
1 10 0
4800
72/05/01
13
00
18.0
O.IK
320
150
17
00
22.0
O.IK
520
140
72/05/02
OB
20
18.0
0. IK
730
200
1 1
00
18.0
0. IK
770
130
14
30
19.0
O.IK
350
950
72/05/03
10
00
17.5
3
24000
110 0 0
13
30
18.5
7
DO 0 0 0
4100
17
45
19.0
5
5000GL
3300
72/05/04
09
50
15.5
3
5800
550 0
13
15
17.0
2
5600
4«0 0
16
05
18.0
2
3100
4800
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 72/0b/02
274554 08 M-129-09
32 09 51.0 089 22 40.0
LEAF R. -1CHUSA CREEK
28 MISSISSIPPI
SOUTHEAST
PASCAGOUL.A RIVER BASIN
1113S050 21 J 120 4
3 0000 EEET DEPTH
DATE TIME DEPTH
FROM OF
TO DAY FEET
0 0 0 10
WATEP
T EMP
CENT
(i 0 0 b 1
SI REAM
F LOW *
INST-CKS
3 1 6 1 b
FEC COL I
MFM-FCftK
/lOO^lL
31b7S>
F ECSTRF'P
M F M - F. N T
/10 0ML
72/05/03
10
10
17.5
3
11000
b 1 0 0
14
00
19.b
6
5 0 0 0 0 L
18000
18
00
18.0
5
50000L
15000
72/05/04
09
10
15.0
J
2300
330 0
12
35
16.5
2
1800
lttOO
16
15
18.0
1
990
1700
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL. DATE 72/06/02
274556 09 M-129-10
32 10 OB.O 0 69 23 34.0
LEAK R.-TRId. TO ICHUSA CKFEK
28 MISSISSIPPI
SOUThlEASI
PASCAGOULA KIVFR d A b IN
1113S050 2111204
3 C00 0 I- t.ET DEPTH
DATE TIME DEPTH
PROM OK
TO DAY FEET
0 0 0 1 0
WATER
Tt M"3
Ct'vlT
0 0 0 6 1
SIREAf-"
h LOW.
INST-CKS
3 I 61 6
F EC COL I
Mf" M*¦ F C^!<1
/lOO^L
.116/9
hECSTRHP
^ H M — t Inj T
/ 1 0 0 f'iL
72/05/02 lb 10
72/05/03 10 20
14 10
18 05
72/05/04 09 00
12 45
16 20
19.0
18.0
19.0
Id. 5
14.5
16.0
17.0
£30 0 0
3 0 0 0 0 L
bOOOOL
50000L
1 100
1 H 0 0
30 n
) 5 0 0 0
o ~d 0 0
3<+00
430 0
110 0
160 0
600
-------
STORET RETRIEVAL DATE 72/06/02
274558 10 M-129-11
32 11 51.0 089 22 3b.0
28
1113S050
2111204
3
0000 FEET
DEPTH
000 10
DATE
TIME DEPTH
WATER
FROM
OF
TEMP
TO
DAY FEET
CENT
72/05/03
10 55
17.5
15 30
18.0
18 20
17.5
72/05/04
08 35
16.0
12 25
17.5
16 40
18.0
00061 31616 31679
STREAM EtC COLI FECSTREP
FLOW» MFm-FCBR MF M-ENT
INST-CFS / 100ML /1OOML
iOOOOL 15000
2 50000 9000
13000 6500
5500 6000
1200 3800
1400 2000
ft LI 5 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1972 - 742-440 / 7706
------- |