W. R. DAVIS INDUSTRIAL WASTE SURVEY DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA Prepared by Lower Florida Estuary Study Ft. Lauderdale, Florida Technical Report #TS03-71-208-03.1 Environmental Protection Agency Southeast Water Laboratory Athens, Georgia September, 1971- ------- 7/- 10Z INDUSTRIAL WASTE SURVEY DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA Prepared by Lower Florida Estuary Study Ft. Lauderdale, Florida Technical Report #TS03-71-208-03 .1 Environmental Protection Agency Southeast Water Laboratory Athens, Georgia September, 1971. " P "I'firnnr'f-plr;! ProtaCtiO" /'£?~v/ Nunn Atlanta Federal Center Region 4 Library bl Forsyth Street S.W, fuidnea, Georgia 30303 ------- INDUSTRIAL WASTE SURVEY DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA Pg. 2, 2nd Para., line 5 2nd Para. , line 12 Pg. LO, next to last line Pg. 23, 1st Para., line 3 Pg. 30, 2nd Para., line 4 Pg. 32, 2nd Para., line 3 Pg. 33, 1st Para., line 5 Pg. 36, 2nd Para., line 1 Pg. 37, 1st Para., line 1 Appendix A ERRATA SHEET (comma) should be . (period). supplies should be supplied. 80,000 should be 80,000,000. quantitatives should be quantities. (3) should be 3/. perdict should be predict. over enrichment should be overenrichment. Data should be Dade. detrius should be detritus. Hunbert should be Humbert. 11-18-71 ------- TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION 1 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 3 RECOMMENDATIONS 4 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY 6 STUDY FINDINGS 8 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 23 APPENDICES A. Project Personnel A-l B. Explanation of Abbreviations B-l C. Survey Methods C-l D. Flow Measurement Methods D-l E. Compilation of Data . . . E-l ------- LIST OF FIGURES Number Title Follows Page 1 DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL LOCATIONS 8 i 2 BOD LOAD DISCHARGED FROM GROUP I INDUSTRIES 9 3 TSS LOAD DISCHARGED FROM GROUP I INDUSTRIES 9 A COD LOAD DISCHARGED FROM GROUP II INDUSTRIES 15 5 OIL & GREASE LOAD DISCHARGED FROM GROUP II INDUSTRIES 15 6 PHENOL LOAD DISCHARGED FROM GROUP II INDUSTRIES 15 7 BOD LOAD DISCHARGED FROM GROUP III INDUSTRIES 19 8 TSS LOAD DISCHARGED FROM GROUP III INDUSTRIES 19 9 COD LOAD DISCHARGED FROM GROUP IV INDUSTRIES 21 10 TSS LOAD DISCHARGED FROM GROUP IV INDUSTRIES 21 ------- LIST OF TABLES Number Title Follows Page I UNSEWERED INDUSTRIAL WASTE SOURCES IN DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA 8 II CHEMICAL DATA SUMMARY, GROUP I INDUSTRIES 9 III CHEMICAL DATA SUMMARY, GROUP II INDUSTRIES 14 IV CHEMICAL DATA SUMMARY, GROUP III INDUSTRIES 19 V CHEMICAL DATA SUMMARY, GROUP IV INDUSTRIES 21 ------- INTRODUCTION A conference in the matter of pollution of the navigable waters of Dade County, Florida, and tributaries, embayments, and coastal waters was held October 20-22, 1970, in Miami, Florida, on the basis of a written request from the Honorable Claude R. Kirk, Jr., then Governor of Florida, dated July 21, 1970. At this conference it was established that the inland waters of Dade County are severely polluted, and are in violation of the Dade County and Federally-adopted State of Florida Water Quality Standards. A second session of the conference was held on February 18-19, 1971, at Miami, Florida. At this conference initial reports of municipal treatment plant evaluations were presented. A third session of the conference was reconvened on July 2-3, 1971, in Miami, Florida, on the written request from the Honorable Reubin O'D. Askew, Governor of Florida, dated May 24, 1971. The conference was convened under the provisions of Section 10 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (33 U.S.C. 1151 et seq.). At this conference the balance of the municipal treatment plant evaluation reports and a preliminary industrial inventory were presented. Recommendation 8 of the third session of the conference states: "The Environmental Protection Agency shall complete its inventory and analyses of industrial sources and report its findings to the conferees and the Dade County Pollution Control Officer by September 1, 1971. The Dade County Pollution Control Officer shall immediately act on reported violations of State and County standards and report to the conferees his progress in correcting these violations by November 1, 1971." ------- -2 The inventory phase of the Dade County Industrial Waste Study was presented to the conferees and the Dade County Pollution Control Officer on July 2, 1971. It is the purpose of this report to present the findings of the survey phase of the study to the conferees and the Dade County Pollution Control Officer. It is not the purpose of this report to recommend treatment methods to be used by industries. The industrial waste survey was conceived, and has been executed, as a cooperative study. The State Department of Air and Water Pollution Control, working through their Southeast Regional office in Fort Lauderdale, provided professional and technician level personnel to assist in the field and at the Lower Florida Estuary Study laboratory, In addition, bacteriological determinations were performed at their laboratory. Dade County Pollution Control provided technician level personnel for field activities. The Water Programs Office, Technical Services Program, Southeast Water Laboratory, Athens, Georgia, provided professional personnel to inspect the industries under study., and also performed the analyses for mercury, metals, and cyanide in their laboratory. The Enforcement Office, Division of Field Investigation supplies professional personnel from both the Cincinnati Center and Denver Center. All field and laboratory activities were coordinated through the Lower Florida Estuary Study. ------- -3 SUMMARY AMD CONCLUSIONS 1. Thirty-six industries not connected to sewers were sampled during May and June 1971. Twenty-one industries discharge to the ground water by various means and 15 discharge to surface waters. 2. Industrial wastes are contaminating the inland waters of Dade County by the addition of oxygen demanding materials, petroleum derivatives, coliform bacteria and toxic substances. 3. Industries sampled contribute over half of the BOD load discharged into inland Dade County waters. 4. Many industries discharge cooling waters mixed with process waste waters. 5. To meet treatment requirements established by the Dade County Board of Commissioners, pretreatment will be required at most industries. 6. In-plant changes, recycling, and improved housekeeping techniques would substantially reduce waste discharges at many industries. 7. Inadequately disinfected discharges from eleven food processing and paper mill industries present a health hazard. 8. Of the 15 industries discharging to surface waters, those discharging to navigable waters are in violation of the 1899 Refuse Act. ------- -4 RECOMMENDATIONS The following actions are recommended to reduce the pollution of the waters of Dade County. 1. The cessation of all industrial waste discharges into the inland canal system of Dade County should be accomplished as rapidly as possible but not later than January 1, 1973. 2. All industrial waste sources should be connected to a regional collection and treatment system as soon as possible but not later than January 1, 1974. 3. A detailed process review should be undertaken by each industry to determine the "in-plant house cleaning" and waste recycling steps that could be taken to reduce the waste load discharged. A report on this review and implementation timetables should be presented to the Dade County Pollution Control Officer by January 1, 1972, The action necessary to reduce pollution by these means should be undertaken as soon as possible and before connection to a sewer system. 4. All industries should treat their waste to at least the degree necessary to comply with the Dade County Board of County Commissioners Rule 7 -- "Regulations of the Use of Sanitary and Storm Sewers and the Discharge of Waters and Wastes into Utilities Sewerage system." This pretreatment should be implemented within six months and before connection to a sewer system. This is not meant to preempt the Dade County Pollution Control Officer from determining that greater treatment is necessary in the interim between the present and the time of connection to a sewer system. In all cases, treatment less than presently provided will not be acceptable prior to connection to a secondary treatment plant. ------- -5 5. All food processing and paper mill industries not currently disinfecting their waste should be required to disinfect. This practice should continue until the waste is discharged to a secondary treatment collection system. 6. The Dade County Port Authority should proceed immediately on the planning and construction of the Miami International Airport industrial waste collection system. Progress reports shall be submitted quarterly to the conferees. ------- -6 DESCRIPTION OF STUDY The Dade County Industrial Waste Study was accomplished in two chases. The first was the inventory phase, which encompassed the .dentification of waste sources. The second was the survey phase, in /hich the significant sources were characterized. INVENTORY PHASE Little was known of industrial wastes in Dade County when the .nventory phase of the Industrial Waste Study was initiated in November .970, The initial inventory was an industrial listing, obtained from leveral sources, that contained an estimated 1,800 entries of industrial md business firms together with their four digit Standard Industrial lode (SIC) index. The inventory was reduced to 583 potential sources of iollution by elimination of SIC listings of commercial and/or business istablishments which produce no waste water. Further reduction of the nventory to 233 plants was accomplished by telephone interviews and etailed review. On-site visits were made to these 233 plants and 95 lants were found to produce significant amounts of waste. Inspection eports indicating the nature of the plant and the waste discharge were repared for these industries. A summary report on the inventory was resented at the July 2, 1971 session of the Dade County Enforcement onference. That report contains treatment needs based on information btained during the inventory. The waste abatement procedures presented n this report supersede those presented in previous reports. ------- -7 SURVEY PHASE The survey phase of the industrial waste study was initiated in April 1971. Its purpose was to characterize the major sources of industrial waste in Dade County that discharge to ground and surface waters. The industries evaluated were chosen by examination of the inspection reports prepared during the inventory phase of the study. After the industries to be sampled were determined, each plant was revisited to obtain information on plant operation, waste treatment, waste volumes, and sampling locations. Sampling and analysis of the wastes were completed by July 2, 1971. Sampling and analytical procedures are described in the appendices. ------- -8 STUDY FINDINGS Industrial activity in Dade County consists largely of small plants engaged in light industry. This survey was concerned with significant industrial waste sources not connected to sewer systems. A total of 36 industries are in this category. These industries were divided into five major groups by type of product or service. The groups are: SIC Code I Food Processing and Paper Mill Waste 20, 26 II Aircraft Repair and Painting 37 III Chemical and Film Processing 28 IV Metal Plating 34 V Paint Manufacturing. 28 All of the industries, with the exception of Homestead Air Force Base, are located in the northeastern section of Dade County which is in the metropolitan Miami area. Concentrations of industry occur in four areas within metropolitan Miami: 1) the Miami International Airport, 2) the unincorporated area between Miami and Hialeah, 3) the unincorporated area just west of Miami Springs, and A) the section of Hialeah just north of Miami Springs. Of the industrial waste sources evaluated during the survey, twenty- one discharged a total of 0.90 million gallons per day (mgd) to the ground water, and fifteen discharged a total of 0.87 mgd to the surface waters. Previous study showed that approximately 101 mgd of waste is discharged by all public and private municipal waste treatment plants in Dade County. Information concerning significant unsewered industrial waste sources in Dade County is compiled by industrial group in Table 1, and the locations of these sources are shown on Figure 1. The industries are identified in Figure 1 by the code numbers presented in Table 1. ------- TABLE I Inventory of Significant l/nsewered Industrial Waste Sources in Dade County, Florida Code Industry Ma j or Product or Service Water Use Type and Amount Nature of Waste Discharged Receiving Water Present Trea tment Remarks GROUP I AL Borden's Dairy 7103 NE 2nd Avenue Miami Milk and dairy products, orange juice, fruit drinks Waste water; 99,000 gpd Organic loading Bacteria Ground water via disposal well Process: Settling tank Sanitary: Septic tank More frequent removal of solids from settling tanks necessary. A2 Canada Dry Bottling Co. of Florida,Inc. 5900 NW 72nd Avenue Miami Soft drinks Water treatment, product makeup, wash water; 42,300 gpd Organic loading 58th St. Canal Settling 1) More frequent removal tanks of solids from settling tank. 2) Find more suitable method of water treat- ment plant sludge disposal. 3) DCPC case pending, industry agreed to con- struct aerated lagoon. A3 Cott Bottling of Fla. 7130 NW 35th Avenue Miami Soft drinks; 22,000 gallons per day Product makeup, washing; 38,800 gpd Syrup, rinse water Bacteria Ground water via drainfield Septic tank A4 Dade County Dairies 7350 NW 30th Avenue Miami Milk products; 11,000 gpd Wash water, cooling; 141,500 gpd Bacteria, organics, emul- sifiers, odor control chemicals Ground water via spray irrigation Grease trap, settling tank Slight odor noticeable at spray field. ------- TABLE I (Cont'd) Inventory of Significant Unsewered Industrial Waste Sources in Dade County, Florida Code Industry Ma j or Product or Service Water Use Type and Amount Nature of Present Waste Discharged Receiving Water Treatment Remarks GROUP I (Continued) A5 Economy Packing Co. 2419 West 3rd Court Hialeah Butchering and packing about 40 cattle per day Washing; Grease, organic Ground water 22,200 gpd loading, Bacteria via drainfield Grease traps, septic tanks A6 Farm Stores, Inc. Milk and ice 5800 NW 74th Avenue cream; Miami 31,000 gpd Process, cool- ing, boiler from well; 45,700 gpd Waste milk and 58th Street products, Bacteria Canal Activated Find more suitable method sludge of water treatment plant plant sludge disposal. A7 Federal Packing Co. 330 W. 23rd Street Hialeah Butchering and packing about 50 cattle per day Washing; 62,200 gpd Blood, paunch manure, grease, Bacteria Ground water via rock filled seepage area Rock 1) More frequent sludge filter, removal from settling settling tanks, tank 2) Rock filter should be cleaned out. A9 Florida Processing Co. Rendering 6900 NW 69th Street 110 tons/day Miami Springs Rinse water, boiler feed; 10,100 gpd Organic load- ing, grease, Bacteria Trucked to Virginia Key Treatment Plant Skimming, activated sludge plants , aerated lagoon Discharge to FEC Canal pending approval by DCPC. A10 Gotham Provision Co., Inc . 7301 NW 74th Street Medley Butchers 140 cattle per day Washing; 3 7,600 gpd Blood, paunch manure, grease, Bacteria Ground water Settling, 1) Seepage of effluent into via rock grease a low swampy area adjacent seepage bed trap 2) DCPC issued notice of violation. ------- TABLE I (Cont'd) Inventory of Significant Unsewered Industrial Waste Sources in Dade County, Florida Code Industry Major Product or Service Water Use Type and Amount Nature of Waste Discharged Receiving Water Present Treatment Remarks GROUP I (Continued) A12 Miami Board, Division of Simkins Ind. , Inc. P. 0. Box 1397 Miami Cardboard, 100 tons/day from waste paper Cooling, wash, process to pulp of 99% water by weight; 330,000 gpd process water Organic loading, settleable solids , Bacteria Tamaimi Canal Clarifica- DCPC case pending, industry tion, chlo- agreed to connect to sewer rination system. A13 Pepsi Cola Bottling Soft drink Co. of Miami, Inc. manufacture; 7777 NW 41st Street 74,000 gpd Miami Process boiler feed, domestic use from wells; 200,000 gpd Organic loading , Bacteria Dressels Settling 1) More frequent sludge re- Dairy Canal moval from settling tanks required. 2) DCPC case pending. A14 Tallowmaster Scott Road Medley Rendering 35 tons/day of soap, fertiliz- er and animal feed products from meat scraps Wash, cooling; 100,000 gpd Grease, Bacteria Ground water via seepage pond Skimming 1) Has purchased an air- cooled condenser. 2) Industry lost DCPC case. GROUP II B1 Test Cell Bldg 2120- DCPA Miami International Airport Miami Aircraft engine tes ting Wash down cells after test Grease, oil and heavy metals, cyanide Airport Drainage Canal to Tamiami Canal Oil DCPA constructing holding skimmer tank. Will truck waste to a treatment plant. ------- TABLE I (Cont'd) Inventory of Significant Unsewered Industrial Waste Sources in Dade County, Florida Code Industry Ma j or Product or Service Water Use Type and Amount Nature of Waste Discharged Receiving Water Present Treatment Remarks GROUP II (Continued) B2 Airlift, International Miami International Airport Miami Air freight operator Aircraft clean- ing, striping, and painting; 7,000 gpd Oil, solvents, acids, soaps Airport Drainage Canal to Tamiami Cana 1 Oil 1) Maintenance of the oil seperator seperator should be improved. 2) Brought to court by DCPC. B3 Butler Aviation of Refurbishing Miami, Inc. of used air- Miami International craft Airport Miami Aircraft stripping and cleaning; 1,600 gpd Oil, caustic, acid, solvents, heavy metals, kerosene, soap mixture Storm drain to Airport Drainage Canal to FEC Canal Settling 1) Drainfield from septic tank tank goes to storm sewers. 2) Issued notice of violation by DCPC. B5 Eastern Air Lines Miami International Airport Miami Airline, re- furbishing air- craft Aircraft wash- ing, metal plating; 160,000 gpd over flow dis- charged to Air- port Drainage Canal; approx. 340,000 gpd to sewer system Oil, solvents, paints, soaps, heavy metals Port Authority Sewer System, excess dis- charged to Airport Drain- age Canal to Miami River Oil sepa- rator , metal pre- cipitation, cyanide treatment prior to entering sewer system Issued notice of violation by DCPC. B6 Homestead Air Force Base Homestead Air Force Base Washing air- craft and vehicles; 8,900 gpd Solvents, detergents, oil and grease Tributary Canals to Military Canal Oil Issued notice of violation separator by DCPC. ------- TABLE I (Cont'd) Inventory of Significant Unsewered Industrial Waste Sources in Dade County, Florida Code Industry Major Product or Service Water Use Type and Amount Nature of Waste Discharged Receiving Water Present Treatment Remarks GROUP II (Continued) B7 Miami Aviation Corp. Opa Locka Airport Opa Locka Aircraft refur- bishing and servicing Aircraft stripping and cleaning; 12,500 gpd Oil, solvents, acid, caustic, heavy metals Biscayne Canal via Storm Drainage Canal Waste oil segregated from other was tes Waste should be removed from storm drainage system. B9 Northeast Air Lines Miami International Airport Miami Passenger and freight airline Aircraft wash- ing; 110 gpd Oil, detergents, solvents, heavy metals Airport Drain- age Canal to Tamiami Canal Waste oil to hold- ing tank at Modern Air Trans- port Issued notice of violation by DCPC. " BIO Propeller Service of Aircraft Miami and Aero maintanance, Facilities, Div. of propeller Propeller Service rebuilding Miami International A irport Miami Washing, stripping and painting; 115 gpd Oil and grease, solvent, cleaners Drainage Canal to FEC Canal 2 oil separators, retention tank, haul- ing service Bll Seaboard Coastline Railroad Miami Freight trans- port Washing of rail equip- ment ; 33,600 gpd Oil, solvents, biodegradable soap, paint Drainage Canal to Little River Cana 1 Grit cham- ber, oil separator, Floatation- Floculation Unit DCPC case pending. ------- TABLE I (Cont'd) Inventory of Significant Unsewered Industrial Waste Sources in Dade County, Florida Code Industry Major Product or Service Water Use Type and Amount Nature of Waste Discharged Receiving Water Present Treatment Remarks GROUP II (Continued) B12 Air Carrier Service Miami International Airport Miami Rebuilds aircraft engines 19,400 gpd Oil, rust re- mover, solvents, detergents, heavy metals Port Authority Sewer; drainage ditch to Tamiami Canal Cleaning area wastes to drain- age ditch to Tamaimi Canal; Plating area waste to Port Authority Sewer 1) Issued notice of violation by DCPC. 2) Received permission from DCPA to discharge clean- ing area wastes to sanitary sewer system. GROUP III C2 G. Gertz Enterprises 3401 NW 73rd Street Miami Knitting mill Washing and dyeing; 14,400 gpd Oil and water base disperse type dye Ground water via a soak- age pit Process waters: carbon filters, settling tanks; Sanitary wastes: septic tank, leach field 1) Carbon filters were not in operation during the study. 2) Plant operating signifi- cantly below capacity. C3 Kim Color (Tremen- dous Color, Monkey Color, Inc. Photo process- ing Rinse water; 100,800 gpd Photo chemicals Ground water via drainfield Silver re- Will discharge to sewer as clamation, soon as sewer connects to bleach re- treatment plant. juvenation, septic tanks ------- TABLE I (Cont'd) Inventory of Significant Unsewered Industrial Waste Sources in Dade County, Florida Code Industry Major Product or Service Water Use Type and Amount Nature of Present Waste Discharged Receiving Water Treatment Remarks GROUP III (Continued) C4 Miami Dye Works 355 NE 72nd Terrace Miami Dyed fabrics Wash water; 5,000 gpd Dye, organics, detergents Ground water (salt water) via 130 foot well Process water: settling tank; Sanitary waste: City sewer Plant operating significantly below capacity. C6 Smith and Butterfield 3170 NW 36th Street Miami Film developer Rinse water; 15,500 gpd Photo chemi- cals Ground water, 150 foot well Process: Silver pre- cipitation, bleach rec- lamation; Sanitary: Septic tank GROUP IV D1 Acme Plating & Finish- ing 651 West 18th Street Hialeah Electroplating Rinse water; 4 7,500 gpd Heavy metaIs, acid, alkaline bases , organic, solvents, cyanide Ground water via dry well Treatment for Cn and Cr Under requirement by DCPC to connect to sewer. D2 Airco Plating 3636 NW 46th Street Miami Electroplating Rinse water; 30,000 gpd Heavy metals, acids, alkaline rinse, cyanide Ground water via soakage pits Process: neutrali- zation, de- tention, Cn and Cr treat- ment; Sani- tary: septic tank ------- TABLE I (Cont'd) Inventory of Significant Unsewered Industrial Waste Sources in Dade County, Florida Code Industry Major Water Use Nature of Present Product or Service Type and Amount Waste Discharged Receiving Water Treatment Remarks GROUP IV (Continued) D3 Aluminum Anodizing Co. 3630 NW 76th Street Miami Anodyzed aluminum Rinse water; 9,500 gpd Aluminum, acid, caustic, dye Ground water Settling, Industry has engaged con- via seepage neutrali- sultant to improve waste pond zation treatment system. D4 Aluminum Finishing Corp. of Florida 13464 NW 26th Avenue Opa Locka Anodyzed aluminum Rinse water; 46,300 gpd Aluminum, acid, caustic, dye, heavy metals Ground water" via seepage pond Settling D5 Continental Bumper Pla ting 4975 E. 10th Lane Hialeah Bumper refin- ishing Rinse water; 400 gpd Cyanide, heavy metals, alka- line cleaners, acids Ground water Settling Better maintenance of settling tanks required. D6 London Platers Decorative 1080 E. 24th Street plating Hialeah Rinse water from well; 2,800 gpd Heavy metals, cyanide Ground water via dry well None D7 Milgo Electronic Corp. 7620 NW 36th Avenue Miami Electronic equipment manufacture, electroplating Rinse water from chrome plating; 5,950 gpd Chromium Ground water via drainfield Chromium reduction, settling, septic tank ------- TABLE I (Cont'd) Inventory of Significant Unsewered Industrial Waste Sources in Dade County, Florida Code Industry Major Water Use Nature of Present Product or Service Type and Amount Waste Discharged Receiving Water Treatment Remarks GROUP IV (Continued') D8 Modern Aluminum Coat- ings , Inc. 7295 NW 64th Street Miami Anodyzed aluminum Rinse water; 118,000 gpd Aluminum, acid, caustic Ground water via seepage pond Process: settling, Sanitary: septic tank D10 Tropical Plating 1825 NW 79th Street Miami Decorative metal plating River water, wells; 400 gpd Heavy metals, cyanide, acids, caustics Ground water Sanitary: septic tank Wastes seep under shop into ground. GROUP V El Associated Plastics 1010 E. 31st Street Hia leah Paints Product make- up, washing; 630 gpd Paint, solvent, mercury, lead Ground water Septic via drainfield tank After samples analyzed, industry claimed it would recycle wastes, and eliminate the use of mercury. ------- FIGURE I ------- -9 Average flows, concentrations and quantities of liquid waste discharged by significant unsewered industrial waste sources in Dade County are presented in this section. The results of the individual analysis on all industrial waste sources and the dates they were sampled are presented in Appendix E. GROUP I - FOOD PROCESSING AND PAPER MILL WASTES This group consists of 12 industries that discharged 1.13 mgd or 647o of the total unsewered industrial discharge into surface and sub-surface waters of Dade County. Seven of the industries discharge a total of 0.50 mgd to the ground waters and five discharge a total of 0.63 mgd to the surface waters. The average concentrations, flows, and waste loads discharged by industries in this group are presented in Table II. In some cases the names of the analyses have been abbreviated. An explanation of the abbreviations is presented in Appendix B. The relative biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)" loads discharged by this group are illustrated in Figure 2. Dade County Dairies is the largest BOD discharger to the ground waters, and Pepsi Cola Bottling Company discharges the greatest BOD load to the surface waters. Figure 3 depicts the relative loads of total suspended solids (TSS) discharged. Gotham Provision Company and Pepsi Cola Bottling Company are the major dischargers to the ground and surface waters respectively. The total BOD load discharged by this group was > 6643 pounds/day and the load of TSS was 3314 pounds/day. * 5 day, 20°C. biochemical oxygen demand ------- TABLE II CHEMICAL DATA SUMMARY GROUP I INDUSTRIES (UNSEWERED) DADE COUNTY, FLA. Bordens Canada Cott Dade Co Economy Farm Federal Florida Gotham Miami Pepsi Tallow- Dairy Dry Bottling Da iries Packing Stores Packing Processing Provision Board Cola mas ter Flow (gpd) 99,000 42,300 38,800 141,500 22,200 45,700 62,200 10,100 37,600 330,000 200,000 100,001 Temp (°F) 82 83 .5 78.5 81.0 79.0 83.5 84.5 78.0 82.8 107.5 84.3 83.0 Cond ( mhos) 3607 - - - - - - 2880 - - - 557 pH 7.6 10.5 6.4 7.3 6.4 7.5 6.8 8.4 6.8 3.6 8.7 7.2 Turbidity (JTU) - - - - - - - - - 368 - - TSS (mg/1) 253 619 294 263 580 24.9 624 610 1210 141 708 50 (lbs/day) 209 218 95.1 310 107 9.49 324 51.4 379 388 1181 41. 7 Settleable SoLids (ml/1) - - - - - - - - - 0.5 _ _ BOD5 (mg/1) 930 -'685 466 1070 1467 35 916 174 >1735 424 971 147 (lbs/day 768 >242 151 1263 272 13.3 475 14. 7 > 544 1167 1620 123 COD (mg/1) 1364 2938 914 1675 3203 118 1770 1201 3687 897 1250 268 (lbs/day) 1126 1036 296 1977 593 45.0 918 101 1156 2469 2085 224 Organic-N(mg/l) 27.3 14.6 7.6 25.2 121.0 4.3 47.7 62.5 88.9 7.2 4.7 0.7 (lbs/day) 22.5 5.15 2.46 29.7 22.4 1.64 24.7 5.26 27.9 19.8 7.84 0.584 NH3-N (mg/1) 2.1 1.38 0.53 0.79 106 0.51 127.7 25.7 52.6 0.31 0.40 15.7 (lbs/day) 1. 73 0.487 0.172 0.932 19.6 0.194 66.2 2. 16 16.5 0.853 0.667 13 .1 N02-N03-N(mg/1) 0.061 3.61 0.041 0.067 0.070 12.1 0.011 18.7 0.069 0.094 0.056 0.407 / (lbs/day) 0.050 1.27 0.013 0.079 0.013 4.61 0.006 1.58 0.022 0.259 0.093 0.339 Total P (mg/1 35. 1 45.2 3.9 12.8 8.6 37.2 21.7 65.3 16.2 1./-4 1.18 0.35 (lbs/day) 29.0 15.9 1.26 15.1 1.59 14.2 11.3 5.50 5 .08 3.96 1.97 0.292 Oil & Grease(mg/1) _ - - _ _ _ 10.3 _ _ _ 99.1 (lbs/day) - - - - - - - 0.868 - - - 82 .6 Mercury (|ig/l) <0.21 - - 0.24 - 0.72 - - - - - - (lbs/day) <0.0002 - - 0.0003 - 0.0003 - - - - - - ------- TABLE II, continued Bordens Canada Cott Dade Co Economy Farm Federal Florida Gotham Miami Pepsi Tallow- Dairy Dry Bottling Dairies Packing Stores Packing Processing Provision Board Cola mas ter CI Residual(mg/1) - - - 5.2 - 2.6 - 3.3 Total Coliform* (per 100 ml) 80,000 0 50,000 80,000 1,250,000 0.020 1,500,000 0 2,500,000 0.010 3,000 5,500 Fecal Coliform* (per 100 ml) 5,900 0 26 >6,000 23,000 0 6,000 0 8,000 0 5 3,250 Median values in thousands. Indicates analysis was not performed. ------- FIGURE 2 ------- FIGURE 3 ------- -10 There are three dairies in this group -- Bordens Dairy, Dade County Dairies and Farm Stores. These dairy wastes contained high concentrations of organic material as shown by the range of BOD (930 to 1070 mg/1) and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) (1364 to 1675 mg/1). As shown in the tables, the nitrogen discharged by these industries was mainly in the organic form (25.2 to 27.3 mg/1). High concentrations of total phosphorus (12.8 to 37.2 mg/1) were also discharged. Low mercury concentrations (<0.21 to 0.72 Mg/1) were measured in the effluents of the dairies and the total load of mercury discharged was < 0.0008 pounds/day. Bordens Dairy has small settling tanks to treat its waste and discharges it to the ground water through a disposal well. Dade County Dairies discharges by spray irrigation with no prior treatment. Farm Stores utilizes a 0.06 mgd activated sludge waste treatment plant with final sand filters, which provided average removals of >98.9 percent for BOD, 98.0 percent for chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 98.3 percent for TSS during the study period. The effluent from the treatment plant was highly nitrified, with an average nitrite-nitrate nitrogen concentration of 12.1 mg/1. The final treatment plant effluent was satisfactorily chlorinated and no fecal coliform were detected. Bordens Dairy and Dade County Dairies do not chlorinate their effluents. Although these discharges do not contain sanitary wastes, median total and fecal coliform densities were 80,000 and 6,000,000 per 100 ml respectively. ------- -11 There are three soft drink manufacturers in Dade County -- Cott Bottling Company, Canada Dry Bottling Company, and Pepsi Cola Bottling Company -- that are not served by sewer systems. As shown on the table, these industries discharge wastes with an average TSS range of 294 to 708 mg/1 and average BOD ranges from 466 to >971 mg/1. Substantial concentrations of organic nitrogen (4.7 to 14.6 mg/1) were also discharged. Canada Dry Bottling Company discharged total phosphorus at a concentration of 45.2 mg/1 or 15.9 pounds/day during the study. This was significantly more than quantities of total phosphorus measured in the effluents of the other soft drink manufacturers (3.23 pounds/day). Cott Bottling Company discharges its process waste into a septic tank. Median total and fecal coliform densities of 50,000,000 and 26,000 per 100 ml were measured in the effluent. Sanitary waste from this plant is reported to be discharged to a separate septic tank. Canada Dry Bottling Company provides settling, without automatic sludge removal, for its process wastes, and the effluent is discharged to the 58th Street Canal. Its water treatment plant waste is treated in a separate decantering tank that discharges to the ground. Sanitary wastes are discharged to a separate septic tank. Only the characteristics of the process waste settling tank effluent were determined. Although this industry does not chlorinate its effluent, low total coliform densities and no fecal coliform organisms were detected. Canada Dry Bottling Company is currently under enforcement action by Dade County Pollution Control and has engaged a consultant to design an aerated lagoon to treat the waste. ------- -12 Pepsi Cola Bottling Company also provides settling without automatic sludge removal for its process wastes and septic tanks for its sanitary wastes. Its process effluent was unchlorinated and a median of 3,000,000 per 100 ml of total coliform and a median of 5,000 per 100 ml of fecal coliform were discharged to Dressels Dairy Canal. Consulting engineers have been hired to design waste abatement facilities at this plant. All three packing ' houses -- Economy Packing Company, Federal Packing Company, and Gotham Provisions Company -- evaluated during the study, discharge their effluents to the ground waters. The final effluents discharged by Economy Packing and Gotham Provisions contained the highest concentrations of oxygen demanding materials, averages of 1467 and > 1735 mg/1 of BOD, respectively, measured during the study. Federal Packing Company discharged a slightly lower but still substantial concentration of BOD, an average of 916 mg/1. The packing houses discharged the highest concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (52.6 to 127.7 mg/1) measured and extremely high concentrations of organic nitrogen (47.7 to 121.0 mg/1). All of these plants have septic tanks to dispose of sanitary waste, and none of the plants chlorinate their effluent. As would be expected in waste from the slaughtering of warm-blooded animals, the bacterial concentrations were the highest measured during the study. The median total coliform densities for these industries ranged from 2,500 to 1,250 million per 100 ml and the median fecal coliform densities ranged from 23 to 6 million per 100 ml. All the slaughter houses provide settling, without aatomatic sludge removal, and discharge to crushed rock seepage fields. In addition to this, Federal Packing Company provided a stone filter, which did not appear to be operating properly, to treat its effluent. ------- -13 Two rendering plants were evaluated during the study -- Florida Processing Company and Tallowmaster, Inc. Florida Processing utilizes skimming, a contact stabilization package plant, and an aerated lagoon to treat its waste. During the survey, no waste was discharged into the adjacent FEC canal, because a Dade County Discharge Permit had not been issued. The waste was pumped from the aerated lagoon into a tank truck and shipped to the Virginia Key Treatment Plant. Analyses were performed on the raw waste and on the package plant effluent. The lagoon was not evaluated, because it discharges intermittently when the effluent is pumped out of it to a tank truck. Therefore, the detention time and treatment provided during the study would not be representative of conditions if the lagoon was discharging continuously to the FEC canal. The average removal efficiencies provided by the skimmer and treatment plant were >93.5 percent for BOD, 92.5 percent for COD, and 96.0 percent for total suspended solids. The waste was chlorinated just before it was pumped into the tank truck and the median total and fecal coliform densities at this location were both zero. The raw waste from this plant was extremely concentrated, therefore, even after treatment an extremely high concentration of BOD (174 mg/1) was measured in the effluent. Tallowmaster, Inc. skims its effluents and then discharges it to a seepage pond. The waste flow is made up of process waste water and spent cooling water. At the time of the survey, the plant was operating with water cooled condensers. Air-cooled condensers have been purchased and are expected to reduce the waste flow from 100,000 gpd to 5,000 gpd, but this does not mean the waste load will be reduced proportionally. Based on one grab sample, an extremely large waste load of oil and grease, 82.6 pounds per day, was discharged by Tallowmasters. Florida Processing discharged less than one pound per day of oil and grease, again based on only one grab sample. ------- - 14 Miami Board, Division of Simkins Industries, Inc. recycles waste paper to manufacture cardboard. The waste from this operation receives primary treatment followed by chlorination and dilution with cooling water. The plant effluent was sampled after chlorination but before dilution. Approximately two-thirds of the waste is recycled from the treatment plant settling basin for reuse in the process. During tne survey, the treatment plant provided average removal efficiencies of 75.7 percent for BOD, 43.5 percent for COD, and 83.2 percent for TSS. Due to the large volume and highly concentrated nature of the waste, even after treatment substantial loads of BOD, 1167 pounds per day, and TSS, 388 pounds per day, were discharged to the Tamiami Canal. This industry was brought to court by Dade County Pollution Control and has agreed to connect to a sewer system. GROUP II - AIRCRAFT REPAIRS AM) PAINTING This group consists of 10 industries, of which seven are located at the Miami International Airport. The industries in this group discharge a total of 0.243 mgd or 13.7% of the flow discharged by unsewered industrial waste sources in Dade County. All industries in this group discharge to surface waters. Table III contains the average concentrations, waste loads, and flows discharged by industrial waste sources in this group. ------- TABLE III CHEMICAL DATA SUMMARY GROUP II INDUSTRIES (UNSEWERED) DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA Test Cell Airlift Miami Seaboard Air Bldg. Inter- Butler Eastern Homestead Aviation Northeast Propeller Coast- Carrier 2120-DCPA national Aviation Airlines A.F.B. Corp. Airlines Services line R.R. Flow (gpd) - Temp (QF) 85.4 Cond. (umhos) 318 pH 7.1 Acidity(mg/1) Alkalinity (mg/1) 102 Turbidity (JTD) 5.4 Immiscible Liquid (% v/v) - TSS (mg/1) 4.3 (lbs/day) - TPS (mg/1) 168 (lbs/day) - COD (mg/1) 57 (lbs/day) Total P (rag/1) 0.09 (J-bs/day) - Oil & Grease (mg/1) 15.5 (lbs/day) - Phenols (mg/1) 12.7 (lbs/day) - Nickel (mg/1) <0.05 (lbs/day) 7,000 83.7 327 8.9 91.2 145 52.0 3.04 283 16.8 320 18.7 3.10 0.18 41.9 2.45 1,246 0.072 <0.05 <0.003 1,600 160,000 8,900 84.4 79.8 83.0 684 551 5.2 321 111 120 20.$ 0.28 8.6 1,580 21.5 30.9 0.42 11.6 0.16 46,712 0.636 0.05 0.0007 6.8 187 3.4 4.0 5.34 335 5.4 47 62.7 0.52 0.69 87.9 117 13.6 0.018 0.05 0.067 393 7.3i/ 137 3.6 18.8 1.39 334 23.4 570 42.1 6.50 0.48 20.2 1.49 890 0.066 <0.05 <0.004 12,500 82.0 689 8. .1/ 188 3.5 6.8 0.71 250 26.1 48.2 5.0 0.63 0.07 0.4 0.05 1.1 0.0001 110 78.7 803 7.1 208 2/ 46.0 0.04 930 0.9 2,771 2.5 56.8 0.05 204.6 0.19 5,380 0.005 115 83.3 532 7.9 0.27 0.0002 143 120 11.4% 28.6 0.03 46 4 0.4 1,525 1.5 2.0 0.002 10.0 0.01 15Q500 0.144 0.05 0.00005 33,600 19,400 83.1 84.4 887 276 7.6 7.8 43 175 52 26 42 42.0 11.80 454 127 203 56.9 1.45 0.41 16.5 4.62 29.5 0.008 4.6 0.74 175 28.3 220 35.6 0.12 0.02 10.3 1.67 562 0.091 <0.05. <0.05 <0.014 <0.008 ------- TABLE III - Continued Test Cell Airlift Miami Seaboard Bldg. Inter- Butler Eastern Homestead Aviation Northeast Propeller Coast- Air 2120-DCPA national Aviation Airlines A.F.B. Corp. Airlines Services line R.R. Carrier Copper (mg/1) < 0. 01 0. 20 0. 28 0.02 0. 03 _ 2.53 1.41 0. 02 0.01 (lbs/day) - 0. 012 0. 004 0.027 0. 002 - 0.002 0.001 0. 006 0.002 Zinc (mg/1) 0. 10 0. 33 2. 76 0.15 0. 26 _ 2.15 2.57 0. 13 0.10 (lbs/day) - 0. 019 0. 038 0.200 0. 019 - 0.002 0.002 0. 036 0.016 T. Chromium(mg/l) 0. 02 0. 17 2. 30 1.08 1. 42 _ 0.48 3.95 0. 02 0.05 (lbs/day) - 0. 010 0. 031 1.440 0. 105 - 0.0004 0.004 0. ,006 0.008 Lead (mg/1) 0. 20 1. 06 1. 23 0.16 0. 41 0. 14 1.72 29.60 0. 18 0.44 (lbs/day) - 0. 062 0. 017 0.214 0. 030 0. 015 0.002 0.028 0. 050 0.071 Tin (mg/1) - — - 1 _ _ _ _ _ <1 (lbs/day) — - - 1.33 - - - - - <0.16 Silver (mg/1) — _ _ <0.01 _ _ _ _ <0.01 (lbs/day) - - - <0.013 - - - - - <0.002 Cadmium (mg/1) 0. .01 0. 04 0. 34 < .01 0. 05 - 0.64 3.40 < , ,01 0.04 (lbs/day) - 0. 002 0. 005 < .013 0. 004 - 0.0006 0.003 < .003 0.006 Cyanide (mg/1) 0 .01 0. 01 0. 01 0.01 0. 02 0, ,07 0.02 <.01 0, .02 <01 (ibs/day) - 0. 001 0. 0001 0.013 0. 001 0, .007 0.00002 <.00001 0. .006 <.002 NH3-N (mg/1) (lbs/day) 0. .15 0. 29 3. 96 0.415 1. 20 0, .25 2.00 1.22 0. .47 0.025 - 0. 017 0. 054 0.554 0. 089 0. .026 0.002 0.001 0. . 132 0.004 Organic-N (mg/1) - 2. 31 2, , 20 0.31 2. ,0 - 11.4 4.4 2, .67 0.25 (lbs/day) - 0. 135 0, ,030 0.414 0. ,148 - 0.010 0.004 0, .748 0.040 N02-N03-N (mg/1) (lbs/day) 0 .10 0. 206 0. ,37 0.37 0. ,132 0, . 156 0.350 0.690 0. ,026 0. 140 - 0. 012 0, ,005 0.494 0. 010 0, .016 0.0003 0.0007 0, .007 0.023 1/ pH reading taken at Lab. 2/ Black Colored Solution. ------- -15 Figure 4 depicts the relative masses of chemical oxygen demand in the effluents of the waste sources. Eastern Airlines discharged the greatest mass of COD, 62.7 pounds per day, and the entire group discharged a total of 246 pounds per day. The relative masses of oil and grease in this group's effluents are depicted in Figure 5. Eastern Airlines discharged 9270 of the total of 128 pounds per day of oil and grease discharged by this group. The relative masses of phenols discharged by this group are presented in Figure 6. Butler Aviation of Miami, Inc. accounted for 617o of the 1.04 pounds per day total discharge of phenols. The discharges from aircraft repair and painting industries measured during the survey probably were not representative normal conditions. There was a severe drought in South Florida during the study period and water use was restricted. Due to this, washing of aircraft, railroad cars, and trucks was limited. In addition, due to adverse economic conditions most aircraft related industries were not utilizing their entire facilities. The waste characteristics of the industries in this group varied considerably, making it necessary to discuss each industry separately. Dade County Port Authority is responsible for pollution control at the Test Cell Building 2120. The building contains individual cells in which aircraft engines are tested, and waste discharges occur when the cells are washed down after the tests. It was not possible to measure flow at this location. Discharges to a drainage canal from this facility are expected to cease in the very near future, because the Port Authority has advertised for bids to construct a collection system and holding tank from which the wastes will be trucked away for disposal. ------- FIGURE 4 ------- FIGURE 5 ------- FIGURE 6 ------- -16 Airlift International, a freight airline, produces waste in its aircraft maintenance operations and discharges the wastes into a Miami International Airport drainage canal. This industry was sampled by opening the effluent valve on an oil separator. Practically no waste was produced during the study period. The flow used to calculate the waste load was estimated from water-use records from non-drought conditions. Butler Aviation of Miami, Inc. refurbishes aircraft. The effluent was sampled as it discharged into a storm drain that feeds into a Miami International Airport drainage canal. A high concentration of COD was discharged and the phenol concentration in the effluent was 46,700 Mg/1 resulting in the highest phenol load discharged, 0.636 pounds per day, by any industry in this group. An extremely high concentration of total phosphorus, 30.9 mg/1 was also discharged. Zinc (2.76 mg/1), chromium (2.30 mg/1), cadmium (0.34 mg/1) and lead (1.23 mg/1) were detected in significant quantities. Eastern Airlines' national aircraft maintenance facility is located in Miami International Airport. This effluent was sampled at a wet well where the Eastern Airlines effluent is pumped into the Port Authority collection system. At this location, approximately 160,000 gpd overflows to an airport drainage canal. Except for oil and grease , and chromium, concentrations of most parameters were relatively low but,due to the high volume of this waste, a significant portion of the waste loads discharged by this group can be attributed to Eastern Airlines. ------- -17 Homestead Air Force Base is the only significant industrial waste source in south Dade County. One grab sample was collected from the oil separator serving the fighter wash rack. Similar wastes are expected from the other 5 smaller vehicle and aircraft wash racks, although at the time of sampling none of these wash racks were in use. Relatively high concentrations of phenol, 890 p-g/1, were found in this waste, and the Air Force found phenol concentrations as high as 65 mg/1 in the base perimeter 1/ canal system.- Miami Aviation Corp., located at Opa Locka Airport, refurbishes and services aircraft. One grab sample was collected from the storm drain that during dry weather only carries waste from Miami Aviation Corp. The highest concentration of cyanide, 0.07 mg/1, of any industry in this group was found in this waste. However, for other analyses, concentrations detected were generally lower than those detected at other industries in this group. Northeast Airlines discharges to a drainage canal at Miami International Airport. Practically no waste was discharged during the study, since the average flow was 110 gpd. Water use records indicate average flows of 1,750 gpd at other times. This industry discharged the highest concentrations, within this group, ofLC0D (2,771 mg/1) and of oil.and grease (205 mg/1). High concentrations of copper (2.53 mg/1), zinc (2.15 mg/1), lead (1.72 mg/1), and cadmium (0.64 mg/1) were also detected. ~ Sample collected February 11, 1971, at Base Sample Control No. III. ------- -18 Propeller Service of Miami discharged 115 gpd to a Miami Airport drainage canal during the study period. During other periods the waste discharge was estimated at 11,000 gpd based on water use records. The discharge contained an average of 11.47o by volume of an immiscible liquid. Based on the boiling range of this liquid, as determined by gas chromato- graphy, it appears to be a low gravity naptha or similar petroleum solvent. Approximately 13 gallons of this liquid are discharged per day. All analyses on this waste were performed after the immiscible liquid was drawn off. The phenol concentration in this discharge, 150,000 jog/1, was the highest measured during the study. An extremely high concentration of lead (29.6 mg/1) and high concentrations of copper (1.41 mg/1), zinc (2.57 mg/1), chromium (3.95 mg/1) and cadmium (3.40 mg/1) were also detected. Seaboard Coastline Railroad has three treatment units: a grit chamber, an oil separator, and a floculation- flotaticntank. The floculation- flotation tank is only operated after 0800 hours. When this unit is not in operation the waste is treated by the grit chamber and oil separator and is then stored in a holding pond. When the floculation- flotation unit is in operation, raw water and partially treated waste from the holding pond are combined and treated by the oil separator and then the floculation- flotation unit and discharged to a drainage canal leading to the Little River Canal. The floculation-flotation unit is shut down when the waste level in the holding tank is sufficiently lowered to allow storage of the waste generated during the next night. At this plant, samples were collected from the effluent of the floculation-flotation unit. During the study the floculation-flotation unit was in operation for an average of 5.6 hours per day and 33,600 gpd of effluent was discharged. The flow appears low since the company has reported an average flow of 90,000 gpd on their discharge permit application. ------- -19 Air Carrier Engine Service, Inc. discharges plating wastes, produced by rebuilding aircraft engines, to the Miami International Airport Sewer System. Wastes emaninating from an engine cleaning area go to a drainage canal. Permission has been received from Dade County Port Authority to discharge the cleaning area wastes into the existing airport sanitary 2/ sewer system.— Consulting engineers engaged by the Dade County Port Authority have completed the design stage of the Master Industrial Waste System for the westerly portion of Miami International Airport and a preliminary report 2/ on the eastern portion.— The Port Authority expects to be in a position to obtain construction bids on the overall system by approximately February 1, 1972. When their system is completed all industrial waste discharges from Miami International Airport complex will have been eliminated GROUP III - CHEMICAL AND FILM PROCESSING This group consists of two dye works and two film processers that discharge to the ground waters a total of 0.136 mgd or 7.IX of the waste produced by unsewered industrial waste sources in Dade County. The average floitfs, concentrations, and waste loads discharged by these industries are presented in Table IV. The total average BOD discharged by this group was > 380 pounds per day, and the relative loads discharged are depicted in Figure 7. Kim Color Corp. discharged an average of 317 pounds per day or 83% of the total load. G. Gertz Enterprises discharged the greatest average quantity of total suspended solids (TSS), 17.8 pounds per day or 65% of the total load. The relative average waste load distribution for TSS is presented in Figure 8. Mauch, C. W., Pollution Abatement, Miami International Airport, Report No. July 21, 1971. ------- Gertz Enterprises Flow (GPD) 14,400 Temp (°F) 113.5 Conductivity 824 (fxmhos) pH 5.8 B0D5 (mg/1) >338 (lbs/day) >40.6 COD (mg/1) 1,839 (lbs/day) 221 TSS (mg/1) 148 (lbs/day) 17.8 Organic -N (mg/1) 16.4 (lbs/day) 1.97 NH3-N (mg/1) 0.93 (lbs/day) 0.112 N02-N03-N (mg/1) 1.69 (lbs/day) 0.203 Total P (mg/1) 31.2 (lbs/day) 3.75 CL Demand (mg/1) TABLE IV CHEMICAL DATA SUMMARY GROUP III (UNSEWERED) Kim Color Corp 100,800 82.0 1,466 6.0 377 317 892 750 9.2 7.73 2.4 2.02 72.2 60.5 0.487 0.409 1.31 1.10 Miami Dye Works 5,000 102.2 649 8.1 >266 >11.1 950 39.6 15.7 0.655 11.5 0.480 0.29 0.012 1.375 0.057 1.69 0.070 Smith and Butterfield 15,500 79.4 642 7.3 87 11.2 203.9 26.4 7.9 1.02 1.2 0.155 11.80 1.53 2.96 0.383 0.21 0.027 92.8 ------- TABLE IV, GROUP III - Page 2 Gertz Enterprises Kim Color Corp Miami Dye Works Smith and Butterfield Cyanide (mg/1) 0.02 0.19 <0.01 0.20 (lbs/day) 0.002 0.160 <0.0004 0.026 Chromium (mg/1) 0.39 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 (lbs/day) 0.047 <0.008 <0.0004 <0.001 Mercury (p,g/l) 0.82 1.52 0.53 (lbs/day) 0.0001 0.00006 0.00007 Silver (mg/1) 3.20 — 3.90 (lbs/day) -- 2.69 0.504 Zinc (mg/1) 1.50 -- (lbs/day) -- 1.26 -- Note: indicates analysis was not performed. ------- FIGURE 7 ------- FIGURE 8 ------- -20 Both dye works evaluated during the study were operating well below capacity. As shown in the table, the wastes from these plants contained high concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand (> 266 to >338 mg/1), chemical oxygen demand (950 to 1839 mg/1), and organic nitrogen (11.5 to 16.4 mg/1). Miami Dye Works, which uses low phosphate detergents, had an effluent that contained 1.69 mg/1 of total phosphorus, while G. Gertz Enterprises discharged total phosphorus at a concentration of 31.2 mg/1. Both industries provide settling tanks to treat their wastes. The high average concentration of total suspended solids (148 mg/1) in the effluent of G. Gertz Enterprises indicates that their settling tanks are ineffective. G. Gertz Enterprises discharges to the ground water through a soakage pit and Miami Dye Works discharges to saline ground water through a 130 foot well. Wastes from the two film processing plants evaluated during the study contained high average concentrations of BOD (87 to 377 mg/1) and COD (203.9 to 892 mg/1), and extremely high concentrations of ammonia nitrogen (11.8 to 72 mg/1). Smith and Butterfield discharge to the ground waters through a 150 foot well. Kim Color discharged to the ground through a septic tank during the study, but their waste will be discharged to an available sewer as soon as the sewer is connected to a sewage treatment plant. ------- -21 GROUP IV - METAL PLATING This group consists of nine industries that discharge a total of 0.261 mgd to the ground waters, which is 14.8% of the total flow discharged by unsewered industries. The flows, concentrations, and waste loadings discharged by industries in the group are presented in Table V. The relative distribution of chemical oxygen demand is presented in Figure 9. Modern Aluminum Coatings, Inc. discharged 63.37° of the total waste load for COD discharged by this group. The relative total suspended solids waste load distribution is presented in Figure 10. Aluminum Finishing Corp, accounted for 61% of the total waste load for total suspended solids discharged by the group. The wastes discharged by the six electroplaters in the group were generally low in COD (39 to 155 mg/1) and total suspended solids (4,2 to 34.8 mg/l). Most wastes contained metals such as: nickel, copper, zinc, and chromium. Acme Plating and Finishing and Airco Plating Company provide treatment for chromium and cyanide, and Milgo Electronic Corp. provides treatment for chromium. Continental Bumper Plating, London Platers, and Tropical Plating provide no treatment, but are small operations discharging low waste loads. For example, Continental Bumper Plating discharged chromium at a concentration of 19.8 mg/1, but the chromium waste load was 0.066 pounds per day. ------- TABLE V CHEMICAL DATA SUMMARY GROUP IV INDUSTRIES (UNSEWERED) DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA Acme Plating & Finishing Airco Plating Aluminum Anodizing Aluminum Finishing Corp, Continental Bumper Plating London Platers Mil go Elect. Corp. Modern Aluminum Coatings Tropical Plating Flow (gpd) 47 ,500 30,000 9,500 46,300 400 2,800 5,950 118,000 400 Temp (°F) 82.7 - 82.1 87.4 - - 83.5 85.0 78.8 Cond. (ymhos) 671 2,830 4,570 3,400 591 567 600 5,140 887 pH 5.6* 7.4 6.8 7.1 6.5* 7.4* 7.6 11.6* 8.6* Acidity (mg/1) 138 _ 689 131 _ _ _ _ Alkalinity (mg/1) 132 94 206 274 33 184 85 2,492 304 Turbidity (J.T.U.) 45 12 54 115 10 13 8.5 9.8 10.0 Sulfate (mg/1) 16.2 442 2,430 1,420 143 55.2 56.4 312.5 35.6 COD (mg/1) 8.0 155 22.7 53.8 50.0 39.0 39.4 119 86 (lbs/day) 3.17 38.8 1.80 20.8 0.167 0.911 1.96 117 0.287 Oil & Grease (mg/1) 1.3 4.3 0.2 0.3 15.7 13.6 0.6 0.2 9.6 (lbs /dny) 0.515 1.0S 0.016 0.116 0.052 0.318 0.030 0.197 0.032 Phenol (yjg/1) 3.0 1.2 0.4 0.3 NIL 4.95 1.6 0.6 5.5 (lbs/day) 0.001 0.0003 0.00003 0.0001 NIL 0.0001 0.00008 0.0006 o.ooot TSS (mg/1) 34.8 18.4 261 285 4.2 5.2 10.8 31.6 5.7 (lbs/day) 13.8 4.6 28.7 110 0.014 0.121 0.536 31.1 0.019 TDS (mg/1) 267 1,700 3,620 2,600 454 381 240 4,330 601 (lbs/day) 1 ,106 425 287 1,004 1.51 8.90 11.9 4,261 2.00 Organic-N (mg/1) 0.27 16.9 — _ 0.90 _ 0.52 1.06 11.4 (lbs/day) 0.107 4.23 - - 0.003 - 0.026 1.04 0.038 NH~-N (mg/1) 1.19 7.9 40.0 61.6 0.3 1.31 0.21 4.60 3.70 (lbs/day) 0.471 1.98 3.17 23.8 0.001 0.031 0.010 4.53 0.012 ------- TABLE V - Continued NO2-NO3-N (mg/1) (lbs/day) Total-P (mg/1) (lbs/day) Aluminum (irig/1) (lbs/day) Cadmium (mg/1) (lbs/day) Copper (mg/1) (lbs/day) Chromium (mg/1) (lbs/day) Cyanide (mg/1) (lbs/day) Gold (mg/1) (lbs/day) Nickel (mg/1) (lbs/day) Silver (mg/1) (lbs/day) Tin (mg/1) (lbs/day) Zinc (mg/1) (lbs/day) Acme Plating & Airco Aluminum Finishing Plating Anodixing 0.296 3.32 0.096 0.117 0.831 0.008 0.41 0.61 0.09 0.162 0.153 0.007 98.0 7.76 0.09 0.53 0.036 0.133 0.71 A.00 0.281 1.00 0.80 0.34 0.317 0.085 1.0 0.50 <0.01 0.396 0.125 <0.0008 0.47 2.60 0.136 0.650 <1 2 <0.396 0.500 8.90 18.5 3.53 4.63 NOTE: indicates analysis was not performed. * pH reading taken at Lab. Aluminum Continental Milgo Modern Finishing Bumper London Elect. Aluminum Tropical Corp. Plating Platers Corp. Coatings Plating 21.0 0.29 0.44 0.105 11.6 3.08 8.11 0.001 0.010 0.005 11.4 0.010 3.02 1.40 1.40 1.01 133.0 0.17 1.17 0.005 0.033 0.050 131 0.0006 95.0 _ 2.0 540 36.7 — 0.099 531 — — — — — — — 0.82 - - 7.80 0.019 - - 0.026 19.8 3.65 0.17 0.066 0.085 0.008 0.04 0.02 0.26 <0.01 <0.01 23.0 0.015 0.00007 0.006 <0.0005 <0.01 0.077 <0.05 - - <0.05 <0.001 - - <0.0002 41.0 18.2 - 0.137 0.425 - 0.05 - - 3.60 0.001 - - 0.012 2.28 0.008 ------- FIGURE 9 ------- FIGURE 10 WEST WOOD LAKES VSNAPPER ------- -22 The three aluminum anodizing plants evaluated during the study were: Aluminum Anodizing Company, Aluminum Finishing Corporation, and Modern Aluminum Coatings, Inc. These plants all provide settling for their waste and discharge through seepage ponds. The treated effluent from these industries contained low concentrations of COD (22.7 to 119 mg/1) and high concentrations of aluminum (95 to 540 mg/1). Aluminum Anodizing Company and Aluminum Finishing Company had effluents containing high concentrations of ammonia-nitrogen (40.0 and 61.6 mg/1 respectively). High concentrations of nitrite-nitrate nitrogen were detected in the effluents of Aluminum Finishing Company (21.0 mg/1) and Modern Aluminum Coatings Inc. (11.6 mg/1). In addition, an extremely high concentration of total phosphorus, 133 mg/1, was discharged by Modern Aluminum Coatings. GROUP V - PAINT MANUFACTURERS Associated Plastics was the only paint manufacturer evaluated during the study. Waste from this plant is discharged to the ground through a septic tank. Extremely high concentrations of titanium, 1439 mg/1 and mercury, 3870 ng/1 were detected in the septic tank. The waste flow at this plant was 630 gpd making the waste loads 7.56 pounds per day of titanium and 0.020 pounds per day of mercury. The effluent also contained 0.002 pounds per day of lead at a concentration of 0.33 mg/1. After this industry was sampled, they indicated that they would soon recycle their waste water. In addition, they will eliminate the use of mercury as a fungicide in the paint and will use zinc instead. ------- -23 DISCUSSION OF RESULTS Some of the major tests used in this waste study are enumerated below with a brief explanation of its sanitary and/or ecological significance. The quantitatives of waste discharged by industries sampled, into inland waters are presented. BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (5-DAY) The biochemical oxygen demand is the amount of oxygen utilized by a mixed micro-organism population while stabilizing decomposable and reactable materials at 20°C during a five day incubation period. If the mass or concentration of biochemical oxygen demand of a waste discharge is excessive, a receiving water's oxygen content would be lowered, possibly to the point of zero dissolved oxygen content. As the concentration of oxygen is reduced below the toleration level of the various members of the ecological community, organisms die, species diversity becomes limited and finally anaerobic conditions could ensue with such recognizable extreme symptoms as foul odors and black waters. The BOD levels in the Food Processing and Paper Industries and the Chemical and Film Processing wastes were measured directly in this study. However, because of the high probability of toxic materials being present in the wastes of the Metal Plating Industries and the Aircraft and Engine Repair Industries no attempt was made to determine their BOD's. However, COD's are almost always greater than BOD's, and moreover usually greater by 2-3 times. Using the COD values and 2:1 ratio COD/BOD of ------- -24 these industries we can conservatively estimate the total BOD load discharged at 217 pounds/day for group II and IV. This does not include the effect of the insoluble, immiscible petroleum distillate of Propeller Services. The BOD of each group discharging to the inland waters of Dade County are given below with their population equivalents: Pounds BOD Population^/ Discharged/Day Equivalent Group I Food Processing and Paper 6,643 39,076 Group III Chemical and Film Processing Wastes 380 2,235 Group II and IV (estimated) 217 1,276 TOTAL 7,240 42,588 The load from the Major and Minor Wastewater Treatment Plants discharged to the inl;)nd areas of Dade County of approximately 5,837 pounds per day (2). CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) While the biochemical oxygen demand/(BOD) is a biological test designed to quantitate the oxygen demand of a waste, the COD is a purely chemical test aimed at assessing this same parameter. 1/ One five day BOD population equivalent = 0.17 pounds per day 2/ Completed from Table A-6 "Report of Waste Source Inventory and Evaluation, Data County, Florida". Environmental Protection Agency, Southeast Water Laboratory, Athens, Georgia June 1971. ------- -25 The COD test is not subject to the variabilities and sensitivities of the biological test and its results are statistically more precise. At the same time its results are somewhat artificial in that natural conditions are not as extreme as test conditions. The COD is used as an aid in the interpretation of BOD results. In the presence of toxic materials, or the absence of acclimated microbiological populations, or when applied to biologically resistant materials the BOD test may fail and the COD test may be advantageously employed within its limits. The test results in terms of oxygen demand are approximately 2-4 times greater than BOD results in a municipal waste, with stability of ratio accompanying waste consistency. It is not unusual therefore to find COD results more or less paralleling BOD. The COD has the advantage in analytical time in that an analysis is complete within 4 hours while a BOD takes 5 days. The COD is then used as a means of assessing organic loadings, treatment plant efficiencies, as another means of arriving at the oxygen demand of a waste, and as an aid in interpreting BOD data. The loadings in pounds per day of significant unsewered Dade County industries by industrial group is given below. COD-Pounds/Day Group I - Food Processing and Paper 12,026 Group II - Aircraft Engine Repair and Painting 248 Group III - Chemical and Film Processing 1,037 Group IV - Metal Plating Industries 185 TOTAL 13,496 ------- -26 The Food Processing and Paper Group discharge 89% of the measured COD load and the Chemical and Film Group is the next largest contributor. The firms contributing COD loading of 750 pounds per day or larger are listed below with their percent contribution with reference to the industrial groups. Percent of Measured Firm Pounds Per Day Discharged Indus trial Discharged Miami Board 2,469 18.2 Pepsi Cola 2,085 15.4 Dade County Dairies 1,977 14.6 Gotham Provision 1,156 8.6 Bordens Dairy 1,126 8.3 Canada Dry 1,036 7.7 Federal Packing 918 6.8 Kim Color 750 5.6 TOTAL 11,517 85.2 C0LIF0KM, TOTAL AND FECAL Waters receiving domestic, wildlife, livestock wastes, and/or urban runoff are characterized by the presence of bacteria which normally inhabit the intestinal tracts of warm-blooded animals, including man. The coliform group is the most prevelant group of bacteria found in domestic fecal discharges. Several genera with similar biochemical properties comprise this group. Some genera occur naturally outside the intestinal tract, a fact that has caused objections ------- -27 to the use of this group as indicators of fecal pollution. Most of the objections to the use of the coliform group as indicators of fecal pollution were overcome with the introduction of the fecal coliform determination. The fecal coliform group is presently the most reliable bacterial measure of fecal pollution. Though generally considered non-pathogenic, coliforms are considered to indicate the probable presence of enteric pathogens. Some enteric pathogens found in polluted water, if ingested, cause gastroenterities, dysentery, typhoid fever and/or paratyphoid fever. Although not related to enteric pathogens, ear, eye, nose, throat, and skin infections and/or irritations are commonly contracted from contact with polluted waters. Viral diseases such as infectious hepatitis may also result from contact and ingestion of water receiving fecal wastes. The bacterial quality of several Food and Paper Processing Industry discharges were monitored during the study. The following table demon- strates the quality of these effluents. MEDIAN BACTERIAL DENSITY/100 ML FIRM TOTAL COLIFORM FECAL COLIFORM Gotham Provision 2,500,000,000 8,000,000 Federal Packing 1,500,000,000 6,000,000 Economy Packing 1,250,000,000 23,000,000 Dade County Dairies 80,000,000 >6,000,000 Bordens Dairy 80,000,000 5,900,000 Cott Bottling Company 50,000,000 26,000 Tallowmaster 5,500,000 3,250,000 Pepsi Cola 3,000,000 5,000 ------- -28 The introduction of wastes containing high bacterial levels to environmental waters constitutes a serious pollutional problem. If waste contains high levels of indicator organisms, such as those shown above, discharge of such wastes to environmental waters renders those waters potentially dangerous for water contact activities. Reduction of bacterial levels in process wastes can be accomplished only through effective waste treatment practices and disinfection. CYANIDES The term cyanide as used in sanitary chemistry refers collectively to all compounds that contain the cyanide (CN) group, without regard to chemical type. Cyanides exist in a variety of forms such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN), potassium cyanide (KCN), sodium nitro ferricyanide (Na2FE(CN)^(NO).2H2O) and potassium cobalticyanide (K^CoCCN)^). The analytical method does not differentiate between cyanide types nor does it guarantee total estimation of cyanide in the sample. Cyanides are of interest because of the potential toxicity of the cyanide ion. However, it must be recognized that all forms of cyanide are not equally toxic. Toxicity data usually express lethal concentrations in terms of the cyanide ion with 24-hr-TLm values of 0.05 mg/1 commonly found in the literature. However, if cyanide is present as a ferricyanide, TLM values are much greater (less toxic) and more variable as environmental conditions affect the release of cyanide from the compound, A 0.2 mg/1 level is the 1962 US Public Health Service value that would result in a ------- -29 water being rejected as unsuitable for drinking water. Cyanides were determined on the wastes of the Aircraft Repair and Painting Industries, the Chemical and Film Processing Industries and the Metal Plating Industries. Of the 23 industrial effluents analyzed only the following five had cyanide concentrations greater than 0.05 mg/1, The firms discharging greater than this amount with the associated pounds per day are: CYANIDE FIRM CONCENTRATION (mg/1) LOAD (Pounds/Day) Tropical Plating 23.0 0.077 Acme Plating and Finishing 1.0 0.396 Airco Plating 0.5 0.125 London Platers 0.26 0.006 Miami Aviation Corp .07 0.072 METALS Many metals are known to be toxic to humans and other organisms. Their presence in a waste discharge is not desirable even though a definite statement as to their effect cannot be readily made in all cases. Toxicities are variable due to such factors as the chemical form of the metal, the pH of the receiving water, the ultimate fate of the metal in the receiving water, and the synergistic and antagonistic effects of other electrolytes. Mercury is a metal in which interest has been recently revived. Although the toxic qualities of mercury have been known for many years ------- -30 increased industrial useage and environment accumulation have produced states of crisis in many areas of the world. At Minamata Bay in Japan, for instance 121 cases of blindness, deafness, neurologic damage, and death were related to mercury prior to 1970. New scientific investigations have shown previously considered, relatively non-toxic forms of mercury, convertible to the very toxic methyl mercury. Without causing undue alarm, one might question the direct and indirect effects of other metals being discharged such as cadmium, arsenic, lead, and chromium into the waters of Dade County. The following quote (3) succinctly sums up the problem. "The most critical concern to public health experts today, however, is for subtle physiological changes caused by trace metals that may be completely undetected or, if detected, be attributed to other causes. How can scientists detect harmful responses to very low doses of trace metals? And once detected how can responses which are simply adaptive or homeostatic be differentiated from those which represent the first stages of disease? Also, synergistic and antagonistic relationships among trace metals must be defined, scientists active in trace metals believe... Until these questions and relationships are more thoroughly explored and answers found, ... water ... standards are likely to be based on little more than guesses." The pounds of the various metals discharged to the inland waters of Dade County by the industries follow, with chemical form or valence not being determined. _3/ Chemical and Engineering News, July 10, 1971 ------- -31 Discharged Pounds/Day Projected * Pounds/Year Aluminum 575 143,750 Cadmium 0.2 50 Chromium, (Total) 2.2 550 Copper 1.4 350 Gold <0.001 <0 Lead 0.5 125 Mercury 0.02 5 Nickel 1.5 375 Silver 3.2 800 Tin 2.4 600 Titanium 7.6 1,900 Zinc 9.76 2,440 * 250 working days/year The discharge of aluminum is due primarily to the Modern Aluminum Coatings Company which contributes approximately 92% of the aluminum loading. Moreover, the effluent concentration is 540 mg/1, a dangerously high level. Aluminum concentrations of 0.1 mg/1 are known to cause eye irritations in water used for bathing and concentrations as low as 0.1 4 mg/1 have been proved to cause death to certain species of aquatic life._/ This discharge constitutes a potentially dangerous source of•pollution. The discharge of cadmium, chromium, lead, and mercury should not be condoned as the environmental buildup, persistance, organism concentration and long term effects are detrimental. Algae concentrate chromium by factors of 100-500. Lead is deposited in the human bone and is known to exist as a 4/ "Water Quality Criteria", Publication No 3-A Second Edition California State Water Quality Control Board, 1963. ------- -32 cumulative poison. Cadmium concentrates in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas of humans and once it enters the body through any source is likely to remain. Mercury, recently discovered to be environmentally converted to methylmercury could constitute low level chronic long term effects, although these effects are just beginning to be investigated. Other metals discharged similarly constitute potential pollution hazards, although exact effects as previously stated are difficult to perdict. NITROGEN Nitrogen is considered to be one of the major elements of importance in sanitary and ecological studies, because it enters into the life processes of all plants and animals. Nitrogen exists in many forms because of its natural electronic structure. Fortunately there are certain forms and groupings which do predominate and which have been quantitated in this study. These groupings are nitrogen existing as free ammonia or ammonium ion, in the form of nitrate and nitrite ions, or in a trinegative organically combined state. The major nitrogen forms are all related and interconvertible and best understood through the nitrogen cycle. This report will not go into the nitrogen cycle but assume that in an undisturbed environment a healthy and beneficial ecological balance exists. As stress is applied to this balance in terms of additions of nitrogen, the system will react producing such phenomena as algal blooms, stimulated bacterial growths, changes in species diversity, and populations. ------- -33 In addition, depressed oxygen levels, resulting from the increased synthetic activity of the microbiological community as well as the chemical oxidative stabilization requirements of the waste might also result. Water turbidity often increases as the flora and fauna thrive, and the other symptoms of over enrichment quite often occur. The pounds of nitrogen and the form in which it is discharged by each industrial group is given below. Pounds Pounds Pounds Total NO3-NO2-N NH3-N Organic Nitrogen Pounds/Day Pounds/Day Nitrogen Pounds/Day Pounds/Day Group I - Food Processing & Paper 8 123 170 301 Group II - Aircraft Engine Repair 1 12 4 Group III - Chemical and Film Processing 1 62 5 68 Group IV - Metal Plating _21 34 5 60 TOTAL 31 220 182 433 The largest discharges are the Food Processing and Paper industries, when 6 out of the 12 firms of the group contribute (847=,) of the total nitrogen discharged by the sampled industries. Those firms, all groups considered discharging greater than 12 pounds of nitrogen per day are compiled in the following list. Firm Total Nitrogen Pounds/Day Federal Packing 90.9 Kim Color 62.9 Gotham Provision 44.4 Economy Packing 42.0 Aluminum Finishing Corp. 32.0 ------- -34 Firm Total Nitrogen Pounds/Day Dade County Dairies 30.7 Bordens Dairy 24.3 Miami Board 20.9 Modern Aluminum Coatings 17.0 TOTAL 365.0 The amount of nitrogen discharged by industries sampled is 3 times greater than the amount of nitrogen discharged by the Minor Wastewater Treatment Plants, but is only \1% of the total discharged by the Major Wastewater Treatment Plants. PHOSPHORUS Phosphorus, like nitrogen, is an essential ingredient regulating biological productivity. The elemental form is not found in nature, but rather combined as orthophosphate, various inorganic polyphosphates and organic compounds such as phospholipids which would be a part of an organism's biomass or sometimes a free dissolved molecule. The method employed during the study measured all forms of phosphorus in a waste without differentiation as to form. Mackenthun"*/ suggests that a concentration of total phosphorus above 0-1 mg/1 in streams produces biological nuisances. This level should be considered a guideline. The measured industrial phosphorus load is 4.6 times greater than phosphorus load contributed by all the Minor Wastewater Treatment Plants in Dade County but is only 12.47o of the total discharged by the Major Wastewater 5/ Mackenthun, K. M. "The Phosphorus Problem" Journal American Water Works Association, 60, pp 1047-1054 (September 1968) ------- -35 Treatment Plants. Modern Aluminum Coating Company discharges 131 pounds or 53.5% of the industrial poundage, while only five more companies contribute the next 34.97<>. These six companies and percent contribution to the measured industrial loading are given below: PERCENT PHOSPHORUS CONTRIBUTION TO FIRM POUNDS/DAY INDUSTRIAL LOAD Modern Aluminum Coatings 131.0 53.5 Bordens Dairy 29.0 11.8 Canada Dry 15.9 6.5 Dade County Dairies 15.1 6.2 Farm Stores 14.2 5.8 Federal Packing 11.3 4.6 TOTAL 216.5 88.4 PHENOLS Phenolic compounds refer collectively to a class of chemical compounds derived from benzene. Their usage is as varied as is their chemical behavior. Characteristic phenols are the general disinfectant carbolic acid (phenol), the photographic developer pyrogallol, the tanning agent resorcin (re_s_o.r.cinol)_,- the ingredient of explosives picric acid (2, 4, 6, - Trinitrophenol). The analytical method used in the study does not identify or distinguish between the types of phenols present nor unfortunately does it include all phenols present. The result expressed should therefore be interpreted as a minimum value of all phenolic compounds present. ------- ¦36 Although not particularly toxic to larger animal life, phenols do exhibit toxicity to certain fish species at sub parts per million level. Chlorophenols added directly to waste discharges or produced by the action of chlorine on phenolics, are malodorous and objectionable tasting compounds which taint fish flesh at the sub part per billion level. Phenols are not desirable in waste discharges. The pounds of phenol discharged to the inland waters of Data County is a small amount even though the phenol concentrations of some effluents were high. The mass of phenol discharged, Group II industries, the Aircraft Repair and Painting and the Group IV industries, the Metal Plating, was quantitated during the study. The total phenol discharged per day to the inland waters of Dade County is 1.04 pounds. The largest discharges in terms of concentration are given below with their associated poundage. PHENOLS FIRM CONCENTRATION mg/1 POUNDS/DAY PROJECTED POUNDS/YEAR* Propeller Services 150,500 0.144 36 Butler Aviation 46,712 0.636 159 Northeast Airlines 5,380 0.005 1 Airlift International 1,246 0.072 18 "250 working days/year. SUSPENDED SOLIDS Suspended are those solids suspended in water with an analytically defined diameter of greater than 0.8 microns. They might be plankton ------- -37 organic detrius, soil particles, or material discharged by industrial processes such as metal powders, insoluble organic by-products, or coagulating soluble organic material. The suspended particle is not toxic, unless it is by nature a toxic substance. Damage and pollutional effects are produced by such actions as the decay of a receiving water's esthetic properties, the reduction of the euphotic zone correspondingly reducing the area of photosynthetic activity, the possible destruction of aquatic life through such action as the abrasive action on gills, and the eventual deposition producing bottom mucks and muds which can destroy spawning areas. The suspended solids test in conjunction with the BOD test is advantageously used in sewage treatment plant evaluation. A properly designed and operated secondary plant which is not hydraulically over- loaded, can routinely remove up to 907o. Of the measured industrial discharges, 1,674 pounds per day of total suspended solids is discharged to ground water and 1,871 pounds per day is discharged to the canal system. The Food Processing and Paper industries are the major dischargers to the canal's with the Pepsi Cola Company producing 1,181 pounds. All measured industries discharging significant amounts are shown below. PERCENT OF MEASURED FIRM TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS POUNDS/DAY INDUSTRIAL LOADING TO CANALS Pepsi Cola 1,181 63.1 Miami Board 388 20.8 Canada Dry 218 11.6 TOTAL 1,787 95.5 ------- APPENDICES ------- APPENDIX A Project Personnel Dade County Industrial Waste Study EPA personnel: Name Title L. W. Olinger Sanitary Engineer M. V. Polito Chemist W. R. Davis Chemist D. T. Cafaro Sanitary Engineer D. R. Hopkins Sanitary Engineer B. M. Mullins Chemist L. A. Wise Technician G. C. Kunselman Chemical Technician K. L. Vathauer Chemical Technician D. W. Lawhorn Technician R. N. Hemphill Chemist R. L. King Sanitary Engineer F. S. Perlmutter Typist R. A. Wiemert Draftsman R. F, Holm R. P. Lawless Chemical Technician Chemist Florida Department of Air 5c Water Pollution Control Personnel: G. Hunbert Chemist T. Davis Technician A. Townsend Technician N. White Microbiologist Dade County Pollution Control Personnel: R. Rau Technician ------- APPENDIX B Explanation of Abbreviations Dade County Industrial Waste Study abbreviation MEANING BOD Biochemical Oxygen. Demand (5-Day, 20°C) COD Chemical Oxygen Demand TSS Total Suspended Solids NH -N Ammonia Nitrogen Organic-N Organic Nitrogen no2-no3 Nitrite-Nitrate Nitrogen TDS Total Dissolved Solids 0 & G Oil and Grease T-P Total Phosphorus Temp Temperature CI. Res. Chlorine Residual CI. Dem. Chlorine Demand Ni Nickel Cu Copper Zn Zinc Cr Chromium Pb Lead Cd Cadmium Ag Silver Au Gold Sn Tin A1 Aluminum CN Cyanide Hg Mercury J.C.U. Jackson Candle Units Ti Titanium ------- APPENDIX C SURVEY METHODS SAMPLING Most effluents evaluated during the study were sampled after the waste received the final treatment process provided by the industry. In the case of industries discharging to the ground through wells, or seepage ponds, samples were collected from the influent to these units. Effluent samples from industries using septic tanks were collected from the septic tank. When an effluent was chlorinated, samples were collected before chlorination for all analyses except coliform bacteria. Exceptions to the above are included in the discussion of waste characteristics. Various sampling techniques were used on the different types of wastes, therefore, the sampling procedures will be discussed for each group. GROUP I This group consisted of dairies, packing houses, soft drink manufacturers, rendering plants and a plant that manufacturers paper from used paper. Influent and effluent samples were collected at Farm Stores, Miami Board, and Florida Processing, and effluent samples were collected at the other industries. All industries were sampled using automatic samplers, for at least four days. The type of automatic sampler most frequently used was the Serco sampler, which collected a grab sample every hour for 24 hours. Each grab sample was stored in a separate container. ------- C-2 The grab samples collected when the plant was discharging were manually composited once each day and returned to the Lower Florida Estuary Study for analysis. The other type of automatic sampler used was a Protech sampler which collected a smaller sample every six minutes. These samples were automatically composited and were returned daily to the Lower Florida Estuary Study for analysis. A grab sample for bacteriological analysis was collected daily when the automatic samplers were serviced. These samples were returned to the Florida Department of Air and Water Pollution Control Laboratory in Hallandale for analysis. Temperature, chlorine residual (when applicable), and pH were measured once on a grab sample when the automatic samplers were serviced. GROUP II This group consisted of industries washing, striping, painting, repairing and testing aircraft and aircraft parts. In addition, it included one railroad car washing waste. Sampling at Test Cell Building-Dade County Port Authority, Butler Aviation, Eastern Airlines, Propeller Service, and Air Carrier was accomplished by manually collecting a grab sample approximately every hour from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. for four days. The samples were composited for the four days with the exception of daily compositing for phenols and acidity/alkalinity. In addition, on one day, a set of grab samples was collected at these industries every 15 minutes, and composited samples for that day were analyzed for all parameters. ------- C-3 Airlift International, Northeast Airlines and Seaboard Coastline Railroad were sampled by collecting a grab approximately every hour from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. for five days. These samples were composited for the five days with the exception of daily compositing for phenols and acidity/ alkalinity. Miami Aviation and Homestead Air Force Base were known to have small discharges and were sampled with one grab. Temperature and pH were measured in the field when each grab was collected. GROUP III This group consisted of dye works and photo processors. Grab samples were manually collected at these industries. G. Gertz Enterprises was sampled twice on the first sampling day and once a day for the next three days. Miami Dye was sampled approximately six times a day for four days and Smith and Butterfield was sampled six times a day for three days. One grab sample was collected at Kim Color, since their wastes will be discharged to the sewers in the very near future. When more than one grab was collected, the samples were composited daily. All samples were analyzed daily for each parameter. Temperature and pH were measured in the field when each grab was collected. ------- C-4 GROUP IV This group consisted of metal plating and aluminum anodizing wastes. Grab samples were collected at most plants approximately seven times per day for five days. Weekly composites were analyzed for all parameters except for the analysis of daily composites for phenols and acidity/ alkalinity. One grab sample was collected at Continental Bumper Plating, London Platers, and Tropical Plating, which have small discharges. One grab sample was also collected at Airco Plating since the wastes were automatically composited in soakage ponds. Temperature and pH were measured in the field when each grab was collected. GROUP V This group consists of one paint manufacturer, and one grab sample was collected at this plant. FLOW MEASUREMENTS Various techniques were used to determine flow at the industries evaluated during the study. Due to the number of plants evaluated each week and the limited time spend at any industry, the flow measured during the study is an approximation. These flow measurements were compared to water use records and flow data provided by the industry when possible. Flow values obtained from water use records are also approximations, because in most cases sanitary water use and water used in product make-up had to be estimated and subtracted from the water meter readings. A brief description of the method used to evaluate flow at each industry is presented in Appendix D. ------- C-5 PRESERVATION OF SAMPLES The following preservation techniques were employed in the waste survey. All analyses were performed at the chemistry laboratory of the Lower Florida Estuary Study unless otherwise indicated. ACIDITY ALKALINITY BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND CHLORINE DEMAND Samples that were analyzed for the above four parameters were kept in iced coolers until receipt by the lab where they were refrigerated at 4°C until analysis. Analysis was initiated as soon as possible after receipt by the laboratory, but not later than 12 hours. CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND CHLORIDE CONDUCTIVITY SOLID DETERMINATIONS (ALL) SULFATE TURBIDITY Samples for the above six parameters were'kept in iced coolers until receipt by the laboratory where they were then kept at ambient temperature until analysis. ------- C-6 COLIFORM, TOTAL AND FECAL Samples were collected in distilled water rinsed and sterilized bottles to which was added 0.1 milliliter of a 107o solution of sodium thiosulfate before sterilization. Samples were stored in iced coolers for transport to the laboratory (always less than 6 hours) and processed within 2 hours of receipt. All analyses were conducted at the State Water Pollution Control Laboratory, Hallandale. CYANIDE Samples were immediately brought to pH 10 by the addition of 1 N NaOH. The samples were kept in disposable polyethylene plastic bottles until analysis, which was performed at the Southeast Water Laboratory in Athens, Georgia. NITROGEN SERIES (TOTAL KJELDAHL NITROGEN, AMMONIA NITROGEN, AND NITRATE- NITRITE NITROGEN) Samples were placed in a disposable polyethylene quart container and kept refrigerated at 4° Centigrade. Samples were analyzed within 24 hours after compositing by the laboratory. METALS (EXCLUDING MERCURY) Samples were collected in rigid, disposable polyethylene containers. Upon return to laboratory, samples were preserved by the addition of five milliliters of nitric acid and a pH of less than 2. Analysis was performed at the Southeast Water Laboratory, Athens, Georgia. ------- C-7 MERCURY Samples were placed in special borosilicate pint glass bottles which had been previously washed with nitric acid. When the samples were returned to the laboratory, two milliliters of nitric acid were added to each sample. Samples were usually analyzed within two weeks of sample collection. Analysis was performed at the Southeast Water Laboratory, Athens, Georgia. OIL AND GREASE The sample was collected in wide mouth quart glass bottles with metal caps. Five milliliters of sulfuric acid were added to the empty bottles before sampling so that initial sample additions were immediately made acid. The acidified samples were kept in iced coolers until receipt by the lab and then refrigerated at 4°C until analysis. Samples were processed within 48 hours after compositing by the laboratory. PHENOL To empty brown glass quart bottles, one gram of Copper Sulfate and 10 milliliters of 10 percent phosphoric acid were added. Upon addition of sample, sampling crews checked the pH and adjusted if necessary to maintain the pH at approximately 4. The preserved samples were kept in iced coolers until receipt by the lab and then refrigerated at 4°C until analysis. ------- C-8 PHOSPHORUS Samples were placed in a disposable polyethylene quart container and kept in iced coolers until receipt by the laboratory and then refrigerated at 4°C. Samples were analyzed within 24 hours after compositing by the laboratory. pH AND RESIDUAL CHLORINE These determinations were made in the field. ------- C-9 METHODS CHEMICAL AND BACTERIAL ANALYSIS ACIDITY Method - FWPCA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, November 1969, p. 11, Potentiometric Procedure. Comment - End point was taken at pH 8.3. ALKALINITY Method - 1969 Book of ASTM Standards, Part 23, p. 154, Potentiometric Procedure. Comment - End point was taken at pH 4.5. BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (5 DAY) Method - Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 13th Edition, pp. 489-494. Comments - All sample dilutions were made by direct sample measurement into 300 ml BOD incubator bottles utilizing Fisher 1970 Catalog number 2-926 bottles or equivalent and volumetric pipets. The dilution water was seeded with trickling filter effluent taken from the secondary clarifier of the Port Everglades Sewage Treatment Plant. The quality of the seed was verified by the glucose-glutamic acid check procedure. All results were seed corrected. The dissolved oxygen was determined as per FWPCA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, November 1969, p. 55, full bottle technique employing the Alsterberg modification of the Winkler Procedure, 0.0370 N sodium thiosulfate being employed. Where samples were chlorinated and a chlorine residual remained, dechlorination was accomplished utilizing sodium sulfite and sulfuric acid. ------- C-10 CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND Method - FWPCA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, November 1969, p. 25. Comments - Because of the extremely high COD values, aliquots of the samples were diluted to 50 ml to accommodate COD values greater than 900 mg/1. A potassium acid phthalate standard was run daily to monitor the test. CHLORIDE Method - Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 12th Edition, p. 370, Mercuric Nitrate Method. CHLORINE DEMAND Method - Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 12th Edition, p. 381. Comment - Iodometric end point employed. CHLORINE RESIDUAL Method - Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 13th Edition, p. 385, Orthotolidine Method. Comments - Comparison of the yellow orthotolidine color with permanent color discs was made utilizing a Wallace and Tiernan comparator. COLIFORM, FECAL Method - Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 13th Edition, pp. 684-685, Membrane Filter Technique. COLIFORM, TOTAL Method - Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 12th Edition, pp. 610-615, Membrane Filter Technique. ------- C-ll CONDUCTIVITY Method - Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 13th Edition, p. 323. Comment - The cell constant was determined for standard potassium chloride solutions at 25°C. All conductivities of sample solutions are reported at 20°C. To convert 20° conductivity to 25° conductivity, a factor of 1.1 may be approximately applied at the 1400 umho/cm level. CYANIDE Method - FWPCA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastewater, November 1969, p. 41. METALS Method - All metals with the exception of Titanium were treated as per FWPCA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, November 1969, p. 87, Atomic Absorption Methods. Titanium was run polarographically after an alkaline flux and subsequent solution. No EPA, Standard Method or ASTM method exists for this element. Comment - Detection limits by Atomic Absorption were set by direct aspiration of sample. No concentration of metals was attempted. NITROGEN, AMMONIA Method - FWPCA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, November 1969, p. 137. Comments - A slightly modified manifold was employed. Also 10% sodium potassium tartrate was used in place of 5% E.D.T.A. ------- C-12 NITROGEN, NITRATE-NITRITE Method - FWPCA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastewater, November 1969, p. 171. Comment - Manifold diagrammed was simplified omitting acid wash system. All samples were filtered utilizing the on-line continuous filter. New working standards were made daily and a standard curve prepared each day. NITROGEN, TOTAL KJELDAHL Method - FWPCA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, November 1969, p. 145. Comments - A micro steam distillation unit was employed (Fisher Catalog 1970, 21-150, or equivalent) with absorption into boric acid and titrimetric determination with 0.02N sulfuric acid to the mixed indicator endpoint. OIL AND GREASE Method - FWPCA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastewater, November 1969, p. 205. Comments - Hexanes (Fisher Chemical Catalog 67-C, H-300) was substituted for n-hexane because of cost difference. Unbleached muslin was used to make the muslin filter discs. EM Method - Standard Methods for the Examination of Waters and Wastewaters, 13th Edition, p. 276, Glass electrode method. Comment - Meters were calibrated at pH values 4.01 and 6.87 immediately before use. Buffers were made from prepackaged buffer salts (Fisher Chemical Catalog B78 and B79) for pH values 6.86 and 4.01, respectively. The 6.86 ------- C-13 buffer is a potassium phosphate monobasic-disodium phosphate mixture each 0.025M when diluted to volume. The A.01 buffer is a potassium biphthate buffer, 0.05M when diluted to volume. PHENOLS Method - Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 12th Edition, pp. 515-520. Comments - All samples were subjected to distillation and subsequently run as per Method A, Chloroform Extraction Method. In instances where the phenol range exceeded method limits, appropriately diluted aliquots of the distillate were used in the extraction. The calibration curve was obtained by using procedural standards. PHOSPHORUS, TOTAL Method - FWPCA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, November 1969, p. 236. Comment - Manifold diagram on page 245 modified for sampler II and continuous filtration. Disposable glassware used throughout analysis. Calibration curves were prepared daily. POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS Method - Gas chromotographic analysis of concentrated 15% methylene chloride in hexane extract using a Ni-63 electron capture detector. Conditions of Analysis: 6' x 1/4" pyrex column packed with 5°L O.V.-210 on Chromasorb W-HP, 120 mesh, oven temperature 195°C., injection port temperature 235°C., detector temperature 285°C. ------- C-14 SETTLEABLE SOLIDS (SETTLEABLE MATTER) Method - Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 12th Edition, p. 426. Comments - All results reported in ml/1. SOLIDS, NON-FILTRABLE (TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS) Method - FWPCA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastewater, November 1969, p. 265. Comments - 4.7 cm glass fiber filter discs are employed. SOLIDS FILTRABLE RESIDUE (TOTAL DISSOLVED) Method - Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 13th Edition, p. 539. Comments - The pH control of paragraph 4, Method A, was not followed. 103°C was the final drying temperature, SULFATE Method - Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 13th Edition, p. 334, Turbidimetric Method. TURBIDITY Method - FWPCA Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and Wastes, November 1969, p. 275. ------- APPENDIX D Methods Used to Evaluate Flows During the Dade County Industrial Waste Study CODE INDUSTRY METHOD Group I A1 Bordens Dairy A2 Canada Dry Bottling Co. A3 Cott Bottling Co. A4 Dade County Dairies A5 Economy Packing Co. A6 Farm Stores, Inc. A7 Federal Packing Co. A9 Florida Processing Co. A10 Gotham Provision Co. A12 Miami Board A13 Pepsi Cola Bottling Co. A14 Tallowmaster, Inc. Group II B1 Test Cell Building 2120 - Determination of water use was not possible. Dade County Port Authority B2 Airlift International Estimated average water use provided by industry. (Practically no discharge during study period). B3 Butler Aviation of Miami, Measured time discharge required to fill Inc. a given volume each time a grab sample was collected. Water use records June, July 1971 subtracted sanitary use and product make-up water. Flow provided by H. J. Ross Associates, Miami, Florida. Read water meter during sampling period subtracted sanitary and product make-up water. Continuously measured the water level in a sump with a gravity flow outlet pipe. Read water meter during sampling period subtracted sanitary water use. Read timers on treatment plant pumps and multiplied time by pump rating provided by industry. Average flow from application for State Permit to operate a water pollution source. Estimated water use provided by industry. Flow from application for State Permit to operate a water pollution source. Continuously measured flow through wier into chlorination tank. Flow provided by Montgomery Engineering, Fort Lauderdale, Florida Estimated water used provided by industry. ------- D-2 APPENDIX D (Continued) Methods Used to Evaluate Flows During the Dade County Industrial Waste Study CODE INDUSTRY METHOD B5 B6 B7 B9 BIO Bll B12 C2 C3 C4 C6 D1 Group II (Continued) Eastern Air Lines Homestead Air Force Base Miami Aviation Corp. Northeast Air Lines Propeller Service of Miami Seaboard Coastline Rail- road Air Carrier Engine Service Group III G. Gertz Enterprises Kim Color Corp. Miami Dye Works Smith and Butterfield Group IV Acme Plating and Finishing Calculated the average overflow from the hydraulics of wet well No. 2, and deter- mined the total daily flow from the number of times overflow occurred on 05-18 & 19-71. Measured time discharge required to fill a given volume when the grab sample was collected. Water use records subtracted sanitary use. Measured time discharge required to fill a given volume each time a grab sample was collected. Measured time discharge required to fill a given volume each time a grab sample was collected. Multiplied time treatment plant in operation by treatment plant flow rating provided by industry. Measured time discharge required to fill a given volume each time a grab sample was collected. Read water meter during sampling period subtracted sanitary water use. Flow from Industrial Waste Water Questionnaire Department of Water and Sewers, City of Hialeah, provided by industry. Estimated flow provided by industry. Average flow from application for State Permit to operate a water pollution source. Waste stream cross-sectional area multiplied by velocity measured with pitot tube to determine flow. Area and velocity measured each time a grab sample was collected. ------- D-3 APPENDIX D (Continued) Methods Used to Evaluate Flows During the Dade County Industrial Waste Study CODE INDUSTRY METHOD Group IV (Continued) D2 Airco Plating Co. D3 Aluminum Anodizing Co. D4 Aluminum Finishing Corp. D5 Continental Bumper Plating D6 London Platers D7 Milgo Electric D8 Modern Aluminum Coatings, Inc. D10 Tropical Plating Group V El Associated Plastics Average flow from application for State Permit to operate a water pollution source. Measured time discharge required to fill a given volume each time a grab sample was collected. Measured time discharge required to fill a given volume each time a grab sample was collected. Estimated flow provided by industry. Estimated flow provided by industry. Estimated flow provided by industry. Average flow from application for State Permit to operate a water pollution source. Flow estimated based on other electro- platers in Dade County. Estimated flow provided by industry. ------- APPENDIX E COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP I INDUSTRY PEPSI COLA TALLOWMASTERS DATE 6/14 6/15 6/16 6/17 6/18 6/1 6/2 6/3 6/4 6/8 PARAMETER BOD mg/L -- 1123 680 720 >1359 -- 78 191 245 74 COD mg/1 -- 1420 1130 1330 1120 -- 224 267 425 155 TSS mg/1 -- 172 12 74 648 738 -- 44 68 57 32 O&G mg/1 -- -- -- -- -- -- 99.1 -- -- -- NH^-N mg/1 -- 1.03 0.29 0.02 0.27 -- 21.5 16.4 13.6 11.2 Organic-N mg/1 -- 3.4 6.5 3.2 5.7 -- 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.7 N02-N03 mg/1 -- 0.111 0.061 0.004 0.047 -- 0.031 0.960 0.610 0.02 7 T-P mg/1 -- 1.36 1.03 1. 71 0.62 -- 0.35 0.36 0.23 0.46 pH Std. units -- 8.7 8.8 8.3 8.9 -- 7.1 7.2 7.2 7.3 Temp. °F 7.5xl04 84 83 85 3.0xl06 85 -- 83 4.0xl05 3.0xl06 -- >4.0x107 Total Col. cells/100 ml 6.8xl0? 1.3xl07 0 No Result 8.0xl06 6.4xl04 Fecal Col. cells/100 ml 5000 >1.2x10^ 5.2xl04 2000 0 No Result 2.5xL05 4.0xl05 >8.0xl05 Conductivity umhos @ 20°C 660 510 500 ------- appendix e COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP I INDUSTRY GOTHAM PROVISION CO MIAMI BOARD DATE 6/7 6/8 6/9 6/10 6/11 6/7 6/8 6/9 6/10 6/11 PARAMETER BOD mg/1 Inf. Eff. >1298 1880 1720 2040 -- 1004 392 853 514 558 3 73 45 70 417 COD mg/1 Inf . Eff. 4820 2690 3550 -- 1290 943 938 1620 930 1850 778 TSS mg/1 Inf. Eff. 1240 680 1710 -- 412 123 1080 149 800 164 1060 129 Set. Solids mg/1 -- -- -- -- -- 0.5 0.3 1.0 0.0 NH3-N mg/1 -- 57.5 60.0 48.0 45.0 -- 0.35 0.32 0.27 0.31 Organlc-N mg/1 112.1 81.7 82.6 79.0 -- 7.8 7.4 6.4 7.3 NO-NO mg/1 0.160 0.040 0.027 0.048 -- 0.280 0.02 7 0.030 0.037 T-P mg/1 -- 25.4 15.3 10.9 13.2 -- 2.20 2.30 0.64 0.60 pH Inf. Eff. 6.7 6.7 7.2 6". 4 7.0 3.2 6.8 4.6 6.5 3.0 6.7 3.9 Temp. °F Inf. Eff. 83 82 84 82 117 111 114 111 109 105 109 103 Total Col. cells/100 ml >8.0x107 8.0xl06 l.OxlO9 8.0xl09 2 9 5x10 6.0xl04 -- 0 0 20 Fecal Col. cells/100 ml 2.5xl05 7.5x107 2.7xl06 8.0xl06 6 7x10 7 0 -- 0 0 0 Turbidity J.C.U. Inf. Eff. 1500 272 400 500 300 1 ro ------- appendix e COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP I INDUSTRY FARM STORES FLORIDA PROCESSING CO. DATE 6/7 6/8 6/9 6/10 6/11 6/1 6/2 6/3 6/4 6/11 PARAMETER BOD mg/1 Inf. Eff. -- >2145 4 4510 24 2580 56 3650 56 >1250 505 >1336 71 >1332 20 >6780 101 COD mg/1 Inf. Eff. -- 6550 84 6510 121 4230 142 6160 126 -- 9830 3670 10,300 485 10,070 280 33,500 368 TSS mg/1 Inf. Eff. 1620 9.0 1520 16.5 1080 42 .0 1540 32.0 37,020 2050 2900 210 10,120 64 11,040 117 Hg ug/1 -- 0. 73 0.53 0.43 1.20 -- -- -- -- -- O&G mg/1 -- -- -- -- -- -- 10.3 -- -- -- NH^-N mg/1 -- 0.43 0.53 0.46 0.62 -- 2.9 6.4 8.2 85.3 Organic-N mg/1 -- 2.4 3.1 4.0 7.6 -- 198.5 13.2 14.8 23.3 N02"N03 mg/1 -- 16.4 11.0 16.0 5.0 -- 31.0 24. 7 18.6 0.4 T-P mg/1 -- 39.8 33.6 38.8 36.4 -- 103.9 66.0 57.0 34.4 pH Inf. Eff. -- 6.3 7.4 6.1 7.5 6.9 7.5 9.6 7.4 8.2 8.2 9.1 8.1 Temp. °F Inf. Eff. 84 85 83 84 80 83 83 82 -- 72 78 81 81 CI. Res.mg/1 -- 5.0 10.0 0.5 -- -- -- -- -- -- Total Col. cells/100 ml 2.5xl05 0 0 20 8000 0 0 3.2xl04 0 1.8x10A tn i Fecal Col. cells/100 ml 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1300 0 5000 Conductivity umhos @ 20 C Inf. Eff. 2830 2820 3460 28 70 3090 2950 -- ------- APPENDIX E COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP I INDUSTRY ECONOMY PACKING FEDERAL PACKING CO. DATE 6/14 6/15 6/16 6/17 6/18 6/14 6/15 6/16 6/17 6/18 PARAMETER BOD mg/1 -- 1006 1790 1030 2040 -- 00 802 780 1166 COD mg/1 -- 2 760 3480 3060 3510 -- -- 1930 15 70 1810 TSS mg/1 -- 480 772 326 740 -- -- 628 680 563 NH^-N mg/1 -- 97.0 100.0 118.0 108.0 -- -- 151.5 75.5 156.0 Organic-N mg/1 -- 103. 7 131.6 115.2 132. 7 -- -- 25.0 90.1 28.1 N02"N03 mg/1 -- 0.222 0.046 0.006 0.006 -- -- 0.012 0.011 0.009 T-P mg/1 -- 9.2 9.8 7.6 7.8 -- -- 17.4 23.4 24.2 pH Std. units -- 6.4 6 .4 6.5 6.4 -- 6.7 6.9 6.6 7.0 Temp °F -- 72 81 80 83 2.OxlO8 84 85 84 85 Total Col. cells/100 ml 1.8xl09 2.OxlO8 6. OxlO8 1.25xl09 1. 3xl09 5.2xl09 9 1.5x10 7.OxlO8 1.9xl09 Fecal Col. cells/100 ml 2.5xl07 2.3xl07 2.4xl07 8.OxlO6 7.OxlO6 6.OxlO6 3.3xl07 2.2xl07 1.OxlO6 2.OxlO6 -l> ------- APPENDIX E COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP I INDUSTRY COTT BOTTLING DADE COUNTY DAIRIES DATE 6/14 6/15 6/16 6/17 6/18 6/14 6/15 6/16 6/17 6/18 PARAMETER BOD mg/1 -- 131 202 413 588/1650 -- 835 820 1070 1556 COD mg/1 -- 950 896 800 1010 -- 1990 1120 1430 2160 TSS mg/1 -- 352 336 112 3 76 -- 385 2 70 230 168 Hg ug/1 -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.35 <0.20 <0.20 <0.20 NH^-N mg/l -- 0.08 0.12 1.08 0.82 -- 0.20 0.17 0.63 2. 14 Organic-N mg/1 -- 10.2 13.2 3.6 3.2 -- 24.0 19.8 20.8 36.1 N02"N0^ mg/1 -- 0.13 7 0.013 0.009 0.004 -- 0.122 0.040 0.044 0.062 T-P mg/1 -- 5.5 4.9 2.1 3.2 -- 16.0 11.2 8.0 16.0 pH Std. units -- 6.4 6.1 6.3 6.8 -- 7.2 7.2 7.4 7.4 Temp °F -- 79 78 78 79 -- 80 82 81 81 Total Col. cells/100 ml >1600 7.8xl07 4. 2x10 7 5.0xl07 1 .OxlO8 1.6xl05 >8.OxlO7 1.36xl08 >8.0x107 2.6xl08 Fecal Col. cells/100 ml >1200 46,000 84,000 26 ,000 0 >2000 >3.OxlO5 >6.OxlO6 2.75x107 3.5x107 m i ------- APPENDIX E COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP I INDUSTRY BORDENS DAIRY CANADA DRY DATE 6/14 6/15 6/16 6/17 6/18 6/2 6/3 6/4 6/9 6/10 PARAMETER BOD mg/1 -- 878 888 524 928/1920 >253 >630 52 >1178 >1310 COD mg/I -- 1750 14 70 805 1430 4400 2430 1360 3490 3008 TSS mg/1 -- 303 267 254 188 2530 328 60 79 100 Hg ug/1 -- <0.20 0.25 <0.20 <0.20 -- -- -- -- -- O&G mg/1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- NH3-N mg/1 -- 0.21 0.64 7.0 0.60 3.60 0.36 0.45 1.19 1.31 Organic-N mg/1 -- 31.7 33.6 14.7 29.0 30.8 9.1 4.5 15.0 13.6 NO^-NO^ mg/1 -- 0.048 0.052 0.0 70 0.072 0.52 8.20 7.90 0.81 0.64 T-P mg/1 -- 26.0 49.0 26.0 39.5 180.9 23.5 5.0 9.7 6.8 pH Std. units -- 7.2 9.2 7.1 7.0 10.5 10. 7 11.6 9.3 9.1 T emp °F -- 81 87 79 81 81 83 88 83 79 CI.Res. mg/1 -- -- 1.56xl08 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- Total Col. cells/100 ml >1.6xl05 >8.0x107 >8.OxlO7 l.OlxlO9 0 0 0 230 3300 Fecal Col. cells/100 ml >1.2xl03 >6.0xl05 5. 9xl0& 7.0xl06 >1. 6x10 7 0 0 0 0 0 Turbidity J.C.U. -- -- -- T" -- -- -- -- -- Conductivity umhos (3 20°C 1450 1890 7480 t < ------- E-7 APPENDIX E COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP II INDUSTRY Eastern Airlines Propeller Service DATE 5/19/71 Composite 5/17-5/21/71 5/19/71 Composite 5/17-5/21/71 PARAMETER 1. COD rag/1 256 47 1660 1525 2. TSS mg/1 11.2 4.0 37.7 28.6 3. TDS mg/1 421 385 346 464 4. 0 & G mg/1 8.2 87.9 31.3 10.0 5. Ni mg/1 <.05 0.05 <.05 0.5 6. Cu mg/1 0.02 0.02 0.32 1.41 7. Zn mg/1 0.17 0.15 0.78 2.57 8. Cr mg/1 1.57 1.08 0.76 3.95 9. Pb mg/1 0.10 0.16 8.85 29.6 10. Cd mg/1 0.01 <.01 1.30 3.40 11. CN mg/1 0.02 0.01 <.01 <.01 12. NH3-N mg/1 0.43 0.415 0.44 1.22 13. Organic-N mg/1 -- 0.31 -- 4.4 14. N02-N03"N mg/1 0.56 0.37 0.47 0.69 15. T-P mg/1 1.2 0.52 1.30 2.00 16. Conductivity umhos (3 20°C 769 684 451 532 17. pH Std. units 7.0 6.8 7.7 7.9 18. Turbidity J.C.U 9.5 3.4 120 120 19. Sn mg/1 2 1 -- -- 20. Ag mg/1 <.01 <.01 -- -- 21. Immiscible Liquid 21% 11.4% ------- E-8 APPENDIX E COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP II INDUSTRY Butler Aviation Airlift Internat'1 Homes tead A. F. B. DATE 5/20/71 Composite 5/17-5/21/71 Composite 5/17-5/21/71 5/21/71 PARAMETER 1. COD mg/1 1900 1580 320 5 70 2. TSS mg/1 138.5 20.6 52 18.8 3. TDS mg/1 253 633 288 384 4. 0 & G mg/1 133 11.6 41.9 20.2 5. Ni mg/1 <.05 0.05 <.05 <.05 6. Cu mg/1 0.11 0.28 0.20 0.03 7. Zn mg/1 1.38 2. 76 0.33 0.26 8. Cr mg/1 3.55 2.30 0.17 1.42 9. Pb mg/1 0.38 1.23 1.06 0.41 10. Cd mg/1 1.35 0.34 0.04 0.05 11. CN mg/1 <.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 12. NH3-N mg/1 8.90 3.96 0.29 1.2 13. Organic-N mg/1 -- 2.2 2.31 2.0 14. N02-N03-N mg/1 0.42 0.37 0.206 0.132 L5. T-P mg/1 17.0 30.9 3.1 6.5 L6. Conductivity umhos @ 20°C 445 551 327 393 L7. pH Std. units 7.9 5.2 8.9 7.3* L8. Turbidity J.C.U . 215 120 145 36 L9. Sn mg/1 -- -- >0. Ag mg/I >1. Immiscible Liquid f pH measured at LFES laboratory. ------- E-9 APPENDIX E COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP II INDUSTRY Seaboard Coastline Railroad Northeast A irlines Miami Aviation Corp. )ATE Composite 5/24-5/28/71 Composite 5/17-5/21/71 5/28/71 PARAMETER 1. COD mg/1 203 2771 48.2 2. TSS mg/1 42 46 6.78 3. TDS mg/1 454 930 250 4. 0 & G mg/l 16.5 204.6 0.45 5. Ni mg/1 <.05 0.27 -- 6. Cu mg/1 0.02 2.53 -- 7. Zn mg/1 0.13 2.15 8. Cr mg/1 0.02 0.48 9. Pb mg/1 0.18 1. 72 0.14 10. Cd mg/1 <.01 0.64 -- 11. CN mg/1 0.02 0.02 0.07 12. NH^-N mg/1 0.47 2.00 0.25 13. Organic-N mg/1 2.67 11.4 -- 14. NO^-NO^-N mg/1 0.026 0.350 0.156 15. T-P mg/1 1.45 56.8 0.63 16. Conductivity umhos (9 20°C 887 803 689 17. pH Std. units 7.6 7-. 1 8.1* 18. Turbidity J.C.U. 26 Black 3.5 19. Sn mg/1 -- -- -- 20. Ag mg/1 -- -- -- 21. Immiscible Liquid " — - - * pH measured at LFES laboratory. ------- E-10 APPENDIX E COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP II INDUSTRY Test Cell Bldg 2120--DCPA Air Carrier DATE 5/18/71 Composite 5/17-5/21/71 5/18/71 Composite 5/17-5/21/71 PARAMETER I. COD mg/1 120 57 301 220 2. TSS mg/1 2.4 4.3 10.8 4.6 3. TDS mg/1 129 168 534 175 4. 0 & G mg/1 11.3 15.5 17.4 10.3 5. Ni mg/1 <.05 <.05 <•05 <.05 6. Cu mg/1 0.01 <.01 0.02 0.01 7. Zn mg/1 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.10 8. Cr mg/1 <.01 0.02 0.06 0.05 9. Pb mg/1 <.05 0.20 0.27 0.44 10. Cd mg/1 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.04 11. CN mg/1 <.01 0.01 <.01 <.01 12. NH3-N mg/1 0.44 0.15 0.02 0.025 13. Organic-N mg/1 -- -- 0.25 14. NO2-NO2-N mg/1 0.02 0.10 0.12 0.14 15. T-P mg/1 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.12 16. Conductivity umhos @ 20°C 456 318 252 2 76 17. pH Std.units 7.2 7.1 8.3 7.8 18. Turbidity J.C.U 6.3 5.4 28 42 19. Sn mg/1 -- -- <1 <1 20. Ag mg/1 -- -- <.01 <.01 21. Immiscible Liquid _ _ — _ _ _ _ _ ------- APPENDIX E COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP II INDUSTRY ACIDITY ALKALINITY 5/17/71 5/18/71 5/19/71 5/20/71 5/21/71 Com- posite 5/17/71 5/18/71 5/19/71 5/20/71 5/21/71 Com- posite Teat Cell Bldg 2120 -- DC PA Airlift Int'l -- -- -- -- -- -- 53 92 154 91 153 90 68 91 83 92 102 91.2 Butler Aviation 424 217 -- -- -- 321 -- -- 63 104 167 111 Eastern Airlines -- -- -- -- -- -- 176 180 189 194 198 187 Homestead A.F.B. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 137 -- Air Carrier -- -- -- 43 -- -- 47 65 45 -- 49 52 Northeast Air- lines -- 49 104 222 284 380 208 Propeller Serv- ice -- -- -- -- -- 162 179 103 151 119 143 5/24/71 5/25/71 5/26/71 5/27/71 5/28/71 Com- posite 5/24/71 5/25/71 5/26/71 5/27/71 5/28/71 Com- posite Miami Aviation Corp. 188 Seaboard Coast- line R.R. -- -- -- 138 161 150 212 213 175 M 1 h-' ------- APPENDIX E COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP II INDUSTRY PHENOLS (ug/1) TEMPERATURE (°F) 5/17/71 5/18/71 5/19/71 5/20/71 5/21/71 Com- pos ite 5/17/71 5/18/71 5/19/71 5/20/71 5/21/71 Average Test Cell Bldg 2120 -- DCPA Airlift Int'1 50 1050 2.0 1260 5 1332 5.5 890 1.06 1700 12. 71 1246 85.8 83.3 85.5 83.5 86.9 85.4 84.5 83.2 84.9 83.4 85.4 83. 7 Butler Aviation 100,000 100,000 30,000 1060 2500 46,712 86.0 85.0 83.0 86.2 84.2 84.4 Eastern Airlines 4.5 40 10 9 4.5 13.6 80.6 80.6 79.3 78.9 79.2 79.8 Homestead A.F.B. -- -- -- -- 890 -- -- -- -- -- 83.0 -- Air Carrier 420 800 506 85 1000 562 87.0 81.9 83.3 83.9 83.6 84.4 Northeast Air- lines 650 1250 5000 10,000 10,000 5380 81.8 77.1 75. 7 78.2 81.0 78. 7 Propeller Serv- ice 200,000 2 75,000 195,000 52,500 30,000 150,500 84.8 84.4 85.3 81.0 82.8 83.3 5/24/71 5/25/71 5/26/71 5/27/71 5/28/71 Com- posite 5/24/71 5/25/71 5/26/71 5/27/71 5/28/71 Average Miami Aviation Corp. 1.1 _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 82.0 „ _ Seaboard Coast- line R.R. 27 38 24.5 35 23 29.5 81.8 82.3 82.3 83.8 85.2 83.1 en ------- APPENDIX E COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP III INDUSTRY GERTZ KIM COLOR DATE 6/1 6/2 6/3 6/4 6/18 PARAMETER BOD mg/1 165 320 >609 259 377 COD mg/1 1170 1980 2242 1962 911-873 TSS mg/1 203 134 211 42 10.4-8.0 Hg ug/1 1. 78 0.30 0.85 0.35 -- Cr mg/1 -- -- -- -- <0.01 CN mg/1 -- -- -- -- 0.19 Ag mg/1 -- -- -- -- 3.20 Zn mg/1 -- -- -- -- 1.50 NH^-N mg/1 0.61 2.4 0.47 0.25 72.0 Organic N mg/1 10.8 22.9 19.1 13.0 2.4 N02~N03 mg/1 0.258 0.146 4.65 1.72 0.487 T-P mg/1 14.5 28.9 53.0 28.5 1.31 pH Std. units 5.9 5.7 4.8 6.9 .6.0 Conductivity umhos @ 20°C 464 1540 610 680 1282-1650 Temp. °F 109 114 111 120 82 ------- APPENDIX E COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP III INDUSTRY MIAMI DYE WORKS SMITH AND BUTTERFIELD DATE 6/1 6/2 6/3 6/4 6/2 6/3 6/4 6/5 PARAMETER BOD mg/1 >321 150 336 256 116 119 27 -- COD mg'l 1090 493 1183 1033 277 277 57.6 -- TSS mg/1 24 11.8 8 19 9.6 2 12 -- Hg ug/1 1.73 0.88 2.80 0.68 .20 1.00 0.40 -- NHj-N mg/1 0.40 0.27 0.23 0.26 13.0 20.0 2.5 -- Organic N mg/1 14.2 5.8 13.2 12.9 1.7 1.3 0.6 -- N02-N03 mg/1 0.313 0.068 2.60 2.52 0. 746 5.82 2.32 -- T-P mg/1 1.75 1.72 1.57 1.70 0.24 0.22 0.17 -- pH Std. units 8.9 7.2 7.8 8.5 6.6 7.3 8.1 -- Conductivity umhos @ 20 C 638 589 912 45 7 716 783 428 -- Temp. F 105.1 98.5 102.0 103.3 80.1 79.5 78.5 -- CI. Demand mg/1 92.8 ------- E-15 APPENDIX E COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP IV INDUSTRY London Platers Milgo Electronics Corp. Modern Aluminum Coatings DATE 5/21/71 Composite 5/24-5/28/71 Composite 5/24-5/28/71 PARAMETER 1. COD mg/1 39 39.4 119 2. TSS mg/1 5.2 10.8 31.6 3. TDS mg/1 381 240 4330 4. 0 & G mg/1 13.6 0.6 0.2 5. NH„ -N mg/1 1.31 0.21 4.60 6. Organic-N mg/1 -- 0.52 1.06 7. no2 -N03-N mg/1 0.44 0.105 11.6 8. T-P mg/1 1.4 1.01 133.0 9. Conductivity umhos @ 20°C 567 600 5140 10. pH Std. units 7.4* 7.6 11.6* 11. Ni mg/1 18.2 -- -- 12. Cu mg/1 0.82 -- -- 13. Zn mg/1 -- -- -- 14. Cr mg/1 3.65 0.17 -- 15. CN mg/1 0.26 <.01 <.01 16. Cd mg/1 -- -- -- 17. Sn mg/1 -- -- -- 18. A1 mg/1 -- 2.0 . 540 19. Au mg/1 <.05 -- -- 20. Ag mg/1 0.05 -- -- 21. Turbidity J.C.U. 13 8.5 9.8 22. Sulfate mg/1 55.2 56.4 312.5 pH measured at LFES laboratory. ------- E-16 APPENDIX E COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP IV INDUSTRY Tropical Plating Aluminum Finishing Corp. DATE 5/21/71 Composite 5/24-5/28/71 PARAMETER 1. COD mg/1 86 53.8 2. TSS mg/1 5.7 285 3. TDS mg/1 601 2600 4. 0 & G mg/1 9.6 0.3 5. NH3-N mg/1 3.7 61.6 6. Organic-N mg/1 11.4 7. no2-no3-n 3.08 21.0 8. T-P mg/1 0.17 3.02 9. Conductivity umhos @ 20°C 887 3400 10. pH Std. units 8.6* 7.2 11. Ni mg/1 -- -- 12. Cu mg/1 7.80 -- 13. Zn mg/1 2.28 -- 14. Cr mg/1 -- 15. CN mg/1 23.0 0.04 16. Cd mg/1 -- -- 17. Sn mg/1 -- 18. A1 mg/1 -- 95.0 19. Au mg/1 <.05 -- 20. Ag mg/1 3.60 -- 21. Turbidity J.C.U. 10 115 22. Sulfate mg/1 35.6 1420 * pH measured at LFES laboratory. ------- E-17 APPENDIX E COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP IV INDUSTRY Acme Plating & Finishing Airco Plating Aluminum Anodizing Continental BumperPlating DATE Composite 5/24-5/28/71 5/28/71 Composite 5/24-5/28/71 5/21/71 PARAMETER I. COD mg/1 8.0 155 22. 7 50.0 2. TSS mg/1 34.8 18.4 261 4.2 3. TDS mg/1 267 17 00 3620 454 4. 0 & G mg/1 1.3 4.3 0.2 15. 7 5. NH -N mg/1 1.19 7.9 40.0 0.3 6. Organic-N mg/1 0.27 16.9 -- 0.9 7. no2 -NO^-N mg/1 0.296 3.32 0.096 0.29 8. T-P mg/1 0.41 0.61 0.09 1.4 9. Conductivity umhos @ 20°C 671 2830 4570 591 10. pH Std. units 5.6* 7.4 6.8 6.5* 11. Ni mg/1 0.47 2.60 -- 41.0 12. Cu mg/1 0. 71 4.0 -- -- 13. Zn mg/1 8.90 18.5 14. Cr mg/1 0.80 0.34 19.8 15. CN mg/1 1.0 0.50 <.01 0.02 16. Cd mg/1 0.09 0.53 -- -- 17. Sn mg/1 <1.0 2.0 -- -- 18. A1 mg/1 -- -- 98.0 -- 19. Au mg/1 -- -- -- -- 20. AS mg/1 -- -- -- -- 21. Turbidity J.C.U . 45 12 54 10 22. Sulfate mg/1 16.2 412.0 2430 143 * pH measured at LFES laboratory. ------- APPENDIX E COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP IV INDUSTRY PHENOL (ug/1) TEMPERATURE (°F) 5/24/71 5/25/71 5/26/71 5/27/71 5/28/71 Com- posite 5/24/71 5/25/71 5/26/71 5/27/71 5/28/71 Com- pos ite Acme Plating & Finishing 1.1 12.0 1.1 1.0 Nil 3.0 81. 7 82.2 83.7 84.1 81.9 82. 7 Airco Plating -- -- -- -- 1.2 -- -- -- -- -- -- Aluminum Anodizing 1.1 Nil Nil 0.5 0.5 0.4 78.2 81.0 83.3 84.6 83.4 82.1 Aluminun Finish- ing Corp. 1.2 Nil 0.5 Nil Nil 0.3 85.2 83.5 87.1 90.6 89.1 87.4 Milgo Elec. Corp. 5.5 1.1 1.1 0.5 Nil 1.6 82.3 82.4 83.7 85.1 84.1 83.5 Modern Alumi- num Coatings 1.1 Nil 1.0 Nil 1.0 0.6 82.7 84.7 84.7 86.0 86. 7 85.0 5/21/71 5/21/71 Cont inental Bumper Nil London Platers 4.95 -- Tropical Plating 5.5 78.8 t ------- APPENDIX E COMPILATION OF DATA - DADE COUNTY INDUSTRIAL WASTE STUDY GROUP IV INDUSTRY ACIDITY ALKALINITY 5/24/71 5/25/71 5/26/71 5/27/71 5/28/71 Com- posite 5/24/71 5/25/71 5/26/71 5/27/71 5/28/71 Com- posite Acme Plating & Finishing 119 156 138 72 190 135 132 Airco Plating -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 94 -- Aluminum Anodizing 257 1120 689 45 254 320 206 Aluminum Finish- ing Corp. 131 131 49 233 94 720 2 74 Milgo Elec. Corp. -- -- -- -- 84 139 99 56 48 85 Modern Alumi- num Coatings -- -- -- -- 2080 3660 3800 1820 1100 2492 5/21/71 5/21/71 Continental Bumper 33 London Platers -- 184 Tropical Plating 304 ------- |