United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances
Washington, DC 20460
EPA 560/7-81-009
July 1981
Toxic Substances
Environmental and
Health Aspects of
alpha-Chlorotoluene
A Comprehensive
Bibliography of Published
Literature
1930 - 1981
-------
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances
Washington, DC 20460
EPA 68-01-6021 Rept A
July 1981
Toxic Substances
.vEPA Environmental and
Health Aspects of
alpha-Chlorotoluene
A Comprehensive
Bibliography of Published
Literature
1930 - 1981
us EPA REGION 4 LIBRARY
AFFC-TOWER 9 FLOOR
61 FORSYTH ST. SW
ATLANTA, GA 30303
V/ V /// V /// V /// V /// V //
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50272 -101
REPORT DOCUMENTATION
PAGE
l._ REPORT NO.
i EPA 560/7-81-009
3. Recipient's Accession No.
4. Title end Subtitle
Environmental and Health Aspects of Alpha-
Chlorotoluene, A Comprehensive Biblography of Publish
ed ^Literature;21930 to April-1980.
5. Report Date prepareCj
. June 1981
7. Author(s)
8. Performing Organization Rept. No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
Tracor Jitco, Inc.
1776 East Jefferson Street
Rockville, Maryland 20852
10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
Technical Directive 4
11. Contract(C) or Grant(G) No.
(C> 68-01-5836
12- Sponsonng Organization Name and Address
13. Type of Report & Period Covered
Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticides and
Toxic Substances, Management Support Division, 401 M Street SW,
Washington, D.C. 20460
Final Report
1930-1981
14.
IS. Supplementary Notes
IS. Abstract (Limit: 200 words)
This document is a bibliography of published citations on health and
environmental aspects of alpha Chlorotoluene (Chemical Abstacts Service
Registry Number 100-44-7) for the period 1930 to May 1981. The citations
have been selected from a thorough literature search, and broadly class-
ified as having primarily environmental or biological emphasis. The
sources used in the search are identified, and for the portion performed
on line, the search strategies are also included.
17. Document Analysis a. Descriptors
Bibliographies; Literature Surveys; Environments; Public Health; Pollution;
Toxicology.
b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms
Literature Search; Literature Review; Health Effects; Environmental
Effects; alpha Chlorotoluene; Benzyl chloride; 100-44-7
c. COSATI Field/Group
IS. Availability Statement
Release unlimited
19. Security Class (This Report)
Unciassified
20. Security Class (This Page)
Unclassified
21. No. of Pages
22. Prtce
(See ANSI239.18) See /nsfruct.on. on Reverse OPTIONAL FORM 272 (4-77)
(Formerly NTlS-35)
Department of Commerce
-------
OTS-TIC REPORT FILE
EPA Report No.560/7-81-009
July 1981
ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH
ASPECTS OF ALPHA-CHLOROTOLUENE
A Comprehensive Bibliography
of Published Literature
1930 - 1981
by
Management Support Division
Information Support Services Branch
Office of Toxic Substances
Washington, D.C. 20460
68-06-5836
Project Officers
Michael Weaver, Delores Evans
Management Support Division
Office of Toxic Substances
Washington, D.C. 20460
OFFICE OF TOXIC SUBSTANCES
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20026
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Preface
This bibliography was created from a literature search performed under
the auspices of the Management Support Division, Information Support Services
Branch for the Assessment Division, Chemical Review and Evaluation Branch;
both of the Office of Toxic Substances. The search was intended to provide
partial support for the preparation of a Preliminary Risk Assessment on
alpha-chlorotoluene (100-44-7). This assessment reviews and evaluates the
available significant economic and adverse effects data from both published
and unpublished sources on a substance selected as being potentially hazardous
to human health or the environment.
The subject coverage of the assessment is broader than this bibliography
which includes only published environmental and biological information. The
bibliography does not include all information available to the review branch.
Although it is not an authoritative source list for Preliminary Risk
Assessments, it does represent a comprehensive and systematic search of the
literature and subsequent selection of citations that pertain to health and
the environment. The limits of the search are fully described in this
document and its appendices.
i
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Introduction
1. The Search
This bibliography is a compilation of citations retrieved during a
thorough review of the national and international literature on
alpha-chlorotoluene (Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 100-44-7)
cited between 1930 and April 1980.
The supporting search was performed at the request of the Assessment
Division/Chemical Review and Evaluation Branch by the Management Support
Division/Information Support Services Branch, within the Office of Toxic
Substances.
1.1. Scope
To insure that the search was comprehensive, a variety of sources were
examined, including the following:
o On-line databases from major vendors of bibliographic information.
o On-line databases from various agencies of the United States
Government.
o Manually searched national and international indices and abstract
collections of scientific literature.
o Reference sections of major review articles, criteria documents,
monographs, and reports.
o Selected handbooks.
(A complete listing of sources consulted can be found in Appendices I
and II).
The emphasis of this bibliography is on the primary literature except
for the handbook information presented in Section II and a few secondary
sources selected because they contain unique or well-summarized information on
the chemical.
Subsequent to the main search, which was completed in April 1980, and
using the same strategy, update searches were performed during the period from
April 1980 to May 1981 on all the on-line databases initially searched. In
addition, the April 1981 and May 1981 issues of Current Contents (Life
Sciences, Agriculture, Biology, and Environmental Sciences series) were
screened to retrieve citations which may not have been entered into the
on-line files at the time of the final update searches.
ii
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Because the overall requirement of the search request for this project
was broader than the health and environmental aspects of the chemical, a wider
range of databases was searched than might normally be expected for this
bibliography. However, only health and environmental aspects were selected
regardless of the data source examined. The total complement of databases
searched is listed in the appendices for the user's reference.
1.2. Strategy
The search requirement demanded high recall of information dealing with
alpha-chlorotoluene; precision was a secondary consideration. EPA decided to
retrieve all citations that contained the term alpha-chlorotoluene or its
synonyms in any searchable fields and to select relevant citations by a manual
screen. The Chemical Abstract Service registry number (CAS RN) and systematic
names and synonyms that could be identified from CHEMLINE (National Library of
Medicine); CHEMDEX (System Development Corporation); CHEMNAME, CHEMSEARCH, and
CHEMSIS (Lockheed Information System); SANSS (NIH/EPA Chemical Information
System); and RTECS (NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances)
were used in the search on databases. For on-line searching, the names were
divided into significant fragments and entered according to the conventions of
the individual databases.
Chemical terms used in this search were as follows:
CAS RN: 100-44-7
toluene, alpha-chloro- (8CI)
benzene, (chloromethyl)- (9CI)
alpha-chlorotoluene
benzyl chloride
chloride, benzyl
chloride, tolyl
(chloromethyl) benzene
chlorophenyl methane
methane, chlorophenyl-
NCI-C06360
omega-chlorotoluene
phenylmethane, chloro-
tolyl chloride
No additional modifiers or keywords were used to limit information
retrieved in any database for this chemical because comprehensive retrieval
was desired. Complete search strategies are listed in Appendix II.
Use/application categories were not used as search terms because EPA
decided to select only terms that specifically mentioned the chemical or its
synonyms. Indexing policy, keyword entry, and abstracting techniques usually
assure retrieval of specific information on individual chemicals if they are
discussed significantly in general articles or reviews. The user can be
assured, therefore, that each citation listed in this bibliography contains
substantive information on the subject chemical.
iii
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Manual sources, indices, and abstract collections usually employ their
own unique indexing schemes for chemical information, so it is difficult to
describe a standard search strategy for these information tools. However, in
all cases, the most specific indexing terms available in the source were used
to identify citations on the subject chemical.
1.3. Selection of Citations
Citations were selected for inclusion in this bibliography based on
their relevance to the following topics:
o Toxicity Adverse and toxic effects on any biological systems,
structural and functional changes in organs and tissues of all
vertebrate and invertebrate species, test methods used for
determination of toxicity, and bioassay studies.
o Physiology Absorption, distribution, transport, metabolism, and
elimination in all species; techniques for measurement of tissue and
organ residues; interactions with endogenous substances.
o Epidemiology Exposure data, morbidity, and mortality rates for
general and occupational populations.
o Environmental Significance Environmental distribution in air,
soil, and water; sources of pollution; ecological effects on
microorganisms, insects, plants, and wildlife; biodegradation and
bioconcentration; analytical techniques for sampling and measurement
in the environment.
o Safety, Control, and Regulations Disposal hazards; Federal, local,
and international controls, recommendations, and regulations.
These are the broad specifications for inclusion in this bibliography.
Because any literature selection process involves subjectivity and judgement,
precise definitions are difficult. The general guiding requirement for
inclusion is that citations must pertain to the biological or environmental
aspects of the chemical.
The following information is not included in this bibliography:
news items; brief announcements and Federal Register notices; reports
of on-going research which have not yet been published or any other
unpublished information; draft reports; and private communications.
iv
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2. Organization of Bibliography
This bibliography is organized into three major sections.
2.1. Section Titles
Section I Handbook information
Section II Citations from the primary literature
Section III Appendices listing specific sources used and exact
search strategies employed
2.2. Citation Format
In Section II citations from on-line and manually searched abstract
collections are arranged alphabetically by author.
Personal names are entered with the last name first followed by the
first two initials. Second and third authors' names are separated from the
first author and each other by a semicolon. Up to three personal names are
used; if there are more than three authors, the remaining are listed as
"et al."
If an author has written more than one article, citations are arranged
in ascending chronological order. If authors and date are identical,
citations are arranged alphabetically by title of the article. Single author
entries are listed first, followed by two, then three author entries.
Patents are arranged alphabetically by assignee name.
All government publications are listed by the sponsoring government
agency. Government or corporate names are written in full form. No acronyms
are used. The country of origin is listed first, followed by the
organizational hierarchy of the sponsoring group listed in descending
hierarchical order. If the performing organization or individual author is
known, they are listed on separate lines below the government sponsor.
Example: NIOSH publication:
United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Public
Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health
Tracor Jitco, Inc.
Brown, R.A.; Smith S.S.
Corporate documents with no specific author are listed in alphabetical
order according to the first significant word of the organization name.
e.g., DuPont de Nemours, E.I. and Company
v
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2.3. Literature Cited
The following kinds of literature are cited in this bibliography:
journal articles, government reports, patents, organization and corporate
reports, books, manufacturer's literature, conference proceedings, and
dissertations.
In each case an attempt has been made to supply the user with enough
information so that the hard copy of the document may be easily obtained.
Journal titles are abbreviated according to the style in the Chemical
Abstracts Service Source Index (CASSI), The American Chemical Society,
Columbus, OH, 1980 and its corresponding guide, Bibliographic Guide for
Editors and Authors, The American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1974.
All foreign titles have been translated into English. Foreign language
articles are indicated by the appropriate three letter language abbreviation
in parentheses at the end of the source information.
2.4. Categorization of Citations
In order to make this bibliography a more useful tool for separate user
groups, most citations are marked with the category code E or H.
E = Environmental Aspects, i.e., the major content of the document
pertains to the chemical in the open environment: its distribution,
degradation, environmental chemistry and analysis; effect on
ecosystems; effect on flora and fauna, including laboratory research,
when emphasis is on environmental considerations rather than
prediction of human effects, environmental chemistry, and analysis.
H = Health Aspects, i.e., the major content of the document concerns
known health effects, predictive laboratory research, and animal
studies as relates to human health effects, human exposure, and
epidemiological studies.
A decision was made based on the abstract, and in some cases the entire
document, to categorize according to what appeared to be the major purpose of
the study. In a few cases neither category applies. Those citations were
left unclassified.
vi
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HANDBOOK
AND
DATABANK
INFORMATION
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3. Handbook and Databank Information
3.1. Summary Databanks for Health Effects Data (information found)
United States. Department of Health and Human
Services. Public Health Service. Center for Disease yes
Control. National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health
Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.
Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH, 1980
United States. Department of Health and Human
Services. Public Health Service. National
Institutes of Health. National Library of Medicine yes
Toxicology Data Bank.
Bethesda, MD 1980
1
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3.2. Handbooks Searched for Health Effects
Source Location of Information
Browning, E.
Toxicity and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents. None
New York: Elsevier Publishing Co., 1963
Browning, E.
Toxicity of Industrial Metals. None
New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1969
Dittmer, D.S., Editor None
Handbook of Toxicology, V. - Fungicides.
Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1959
Fishbein, L. pp. 278-9
Potenial Industrial Carcinogens and Mutagens.
New York: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1979
Fishbein, L.; Flanm, W.G.; Falk, H.L. None
Chemical Mutagens.
New York: Academic Press, 1970
Goodman, L.S.; Gilman, A., Editors None
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics.
New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1975
Patty, F.A., Editor None
Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology.
New York: Interscience Publishers, 1963
Plunkett, E.R.
Handbook of Industrial Toxicology.
New York: Chemical Publishing Co.,
pp. 54-5
Inc., 1976
Sax, N.I. p. 410
Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials.
New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1979
Searle, C.E., Editor pp. 160-1
Chemical Carcinogens.
Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1976
2
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3.2. Handbooks Searched for Health Effects (cont'd)
Source Location of Information
Shepard, T.H. None
Catalog of Teratogenic Agents.
Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University
Press, 1976
Spector, W.S., Editor None
Handbook of Toxicology, V. I. - Acute Toxicities.
Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1956
Spector, W.S., Editor None
Handbook of Toxicology, V. II. - Antibiotics.
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1957
Spector, W.S., Editor None
Handbook of Toxicology, V. III. - Insecticides.
Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 195 9
Sunshine, I., Editor None
CRC Handbook Series in Analytical Toxicology.
Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc., 1979
United Nations. International Agency for Research on pp. 217-21
Cancer
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic
Risk of Chemicals to Humans.
Lyon, France: IARC
United States. Department of Health and Human Yes
Services. Public Health Service. Center for
Disease Control. National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health
NIOSH Criteria Documents.
Cincinnati, OH: NIOSH
United States. Department of Health and Human Vol. 68-9, p. 112
Services. Public Health Service. National Institutes Vol. 70-1, p. 206
of Health. National Cancer Institute
NCI Carcinogens Bioassay Reports.
Springfield, VA: National Technical Information
Service
3
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3.2. Handbooks Searched for Health Effects (cont'd)
Source Location of Information
United States. Department of Health and Human None
Services. Public Health Service. National Institutes
of Health. National Cancer Institute
Survey of Compounds Which Have Been Tested for
Carcinogenic Activity.
Bethesda, MD: NCI, 1978
United States. Environmental Protection Agency None
EPA Publications Bibliography.
Washington, DC, EPA
4
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3.3. Handbooks Searched for Environmental Effects
Source
Location of Information
Applegate, V.C.; Howell, J.H.; Hall, A.E.; et al.
Toxicity of 4,346 Chemicals to Larval Lampreys' and
Fishes: Special Scientific Report.
Fisheries No. 207, Washington, DC, 1957
p. 11
McKee, J.E.; Wolf, H.W., Editors
Water Quality Criteria, 2nd Edition.
California State Water Resources Control Board, 1963
p. 145
Ryckman, D.W.; Prabhakara Rao, A.V.S.; Buzzel, J.C.
Behavior of Organic Chemicals in the Aquatic
Environment.
Washington, DC: Manufacturing Chemists' Association,
1966
None
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Review of the Environmental Fate of Selected Chemicals.
Springfield, VA: National Technical Information
Service, 1977
pp. 55-61
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Review of the Environmental Fate of 129 Priority
Pollutants I
Springfield, VA: National Technical Information
Service, 1977
None
Verschueren, K.
Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemicals.
New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1977
pp. 126-7
5
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3.4. Handbooks Searched for Physical and Chemical Properties
Source Location of Information
Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. p. 102
Aldrich Catalog Handbook of Fine Chemicals. 1981-2.
Milwaukee, WI: Aldrich Chemical Co., 1980
Bennet, H., Editor p. 131
Concise Chemical and Technical Dictionary.
New York: Chemical Publishing Co., Inc., 1974
Dreisback, R.R. None
Physical Properties of Chemical Compounds.
Washington, DCs American Chemical Society, 1959
Grasselli, J.G.; Ritchey, W.M., Editors Vol. 4, p. 652
CRC Atlas of Spectral Data and Physical Constants
for Organic Compounds.
Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1975
Grayson, M., Editor Vol. 5, p. 828-36
Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology.
New York: Interscience Publishers, 1979
Hawley, G.G. p. 101
The Condensed Chemical Dictionary.
New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., 1977
Kortum, G.; Vogel, W. None
Dissociation Constants of Organic Acids in Aqueous
Solution.
London: Butterworths, 1961
Leo, A.; Hansch, C.; Elkins, D. None
Chemical Reviews.
Claremont, CA: Department of Chemistry, Pomona
College, 1971
Linke, W.F. None
Solubilities of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Compounds.
New York: D. Van Nostrand Co., Vol. I. 1958, Vol. II. 1965
6
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3.4. Handbooks Searched for Physical and Chemical Properties (cont'd)
Source Location of Information
Mark, H.F.; Gaylord, N.G.; Bikales, N.M., Editors None
Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology.
New York: Interscience Publishers, 1964
Perry, R.H.; Chilton, C.H., Editors None
Chemical Engineers Handbook.
New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1973
Pollock, J.R.; Stevens, R., Editors p. 668-9
Dictionary of Organic Compounds.
London: Eyre and Spottiswoode Publishers, Ltd., 1965
Stephen, H.; Stephen, T.; Editors None
Solubilities of Inorganic and Organic Compounds.
New York: The Macmillan Co., 1963
Weast, R.C., Editor p. C-522
CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.
Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1979
Windholz, M., Editor p. 148-9
The Merck Index.
Rahway, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1976
7
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CITATIONS
FROM THE
LITERATURE
-------
Ames, B.N.
E The Detection and Hazards of Environmental Carcinogens, Mutagens.
Symposium: 174th Meeting of the American Chemical Society.
American Chemical Society Symposium Ser. No. 94. Monitoring
Toxic Substances. Edited by Schuetzle, D., pp. 49-62 (Pub. 1979)
Amin, S.; Hecht, S.S.; LaVoie, E.; et al.
H A Study of Chemical Carcinogenesis, 19. Synthesis and
Mutagenicity of 5,11-Dimethylchrysene and Some Methyl-Oxidized
Derivatives of 5-Methylchrysene.
J. Med. Chem., 22(11):1336-40 (1979)
Andresen, B.D.; Davis, F.T.; Long, M.D.
H Identification and Synthesis of a Methylated Catechol Metabolite
of Glutethimide Isolated from Biological Fluids of Overdose
Victims.
J. Pharm. Sci., 68(3):283-8 (1979)
Anon.
H Benzyl Compounds Omitted from NNR.
J. Am. Med. Assoc., 100:661 (1933)
Asplund, I.
E List of Maximum Allowable Concentrations for Air Pollutants.
Kem. Tidskr., 91(11):24-7 (1979) (Swe)
Aurov, A.P.; Kozlov, R.V.
Determination of Benzyl Chloride in Technical Products.
U.S.S.R., Patent No. 199486
Jun. 18, 1966
Bailey, A.V.; Sumrell, G.; Gurtner, T.E.
H New Quaternary Benzyl Chloride Salts for Inclusion in Hair Cream
Rinse Formulations.
J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 51(11):5156 (1974)
Baker, B.B. Jr.
H Measuring Trace Impurities in Air by Infrared Spectroscopy at 20
Meters Path and 10 Atmospheres Pressure.
J. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc., 35(11):735-40 (1974)
Banks, D.
E Letters: Liquid Waste Incinerators.
Environ. Sci. Technol., 12(6):621 (Jun. 1978)
Bayer, A.G.
Stabilization of Benzyl Chloride by Lactams.
West Germany, Patent NO. 2206300
Feb. 10, 1972
11
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Bayer, A.G.
Stabilization of Benzyl Chloride by Lactams Addtt.
The Netherlands, Patent No. 73201731
Feb. 10, 1972
Beck, L.V.; Roberts, N.; King, C.; et al.
H Effects of Bromobenzene on Mouse Tissue Sulfhydryl and
Insulin-131/Metabolism.
Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 116(2):283-8 (1964)
Benson, A.M.; Batzinger, R.P.; Ou, S.Y.L.; et al.
H Elevation of Hepatic Glutathione S-Transferase (EC-2.5.1.18)
Activities and Protection against Mutagenic Metabolites of Benzo
(a) Pyrene by Dietary Antioxidants^
Cancer Res., 38(12):4486-95 (1978)
Beran, F.; Prey, V.; Bohm, H.
E The Insecticidal Effects of Organic Compounds. II. The Effect
of Dinuclear Aromatic Compounds.
Mitt. Chem. Forschungsinst. Ind. Osterr., 5:43-9 (1951)
Bertossi, F.; Ciferri, R.
E Action of Hexachlorocyclohexane with Lupimus albus.
Atti. 1st. Bot. Univ. Lab. Criltogam. Pavia, Ser. 5., 3(4):291-8
(1949)
Besta, J.; Soulek, M.
Stabilization of Benzyl Chloride.
Czechoslovakia, Patent No. 159100
Nov. 6, 1972
Borovik, V.N.; Lokhmacheva, I.K.; Novikova, E.V.
Lowering Gas (Benzyl Chloride) Pollution in the Production of
Benzyl Alcohol.
Maslo-Zhir. Promst., 37(l):41-2 (1971) (Rus)
Bray, H.G.; Franklin, T.J.; James, S.P.
H Formation of Mercapturic Acids. III. N-Acetylation of
S-substituted Cysteines in the Rabbit, Rat, and Guinea Pig.
Biochem. J., 73:465-73 (1959)
Bray, H.G.: Garrett, A.J.; James S.P.
H Source of Cysteine for Mercapturic Acid Formation.
Biochem. Pharmacol., 18(5):1203-6 (1969)
Bray, H.G.; James, S.P.; Thorpe, W.V.
H Metabolism of Some Omega-Halogenoalkylbenzenes and Related
Alcohols in the Rabbit.
Biochem. J., 70:570-9 (1958)
12
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Bringmann, G.
Determination of the Biological Toxicity of Water-bound
Substances Towards Protozoa. I. Bacteriovorous Flagellates
(Model Organism: Entosiphon sulcatum Stein).
Z. Wasser Abwasser Forsch., 11(6):2105 (1978) (Ger)
Bringmann, G.; Kuehn, R.
Comparative Results of the Damaging Effects of Water Pollutants
against Bacteria (Pseudomonas putida) and Blue Algae
(Microcystis aeruginosa).
Gas Wasserfach Wasser-Abwasser, 117(9):410-3 (1976) (Ger)
Bringmann, G.; Kuehn, R.
Limiting Values for the Damaging Action of Water Pollutants to
Bacteria (Pseudomonas putida) and Green Algae (Scenedesmus
quadricauda) in the Cell Multiplication Inhibition Test.
Z. Wasser Abwasser Forsch., 10(3-4):8798 (1977) (Ger)
Bringmann, G.; Kuehn, R.
Results of the Damaging Effect of Water Pollutants on Daphnia
magna.
Z. Wasser Abwasser Forsch., 10(5):161-6 (1977) (Ger)
Bringmann, G.; Kuehn, R.
Testing of Substances for Their Toxicity Threshold: Model
Organisms Microcystis (Diplocystis) aeruginosa and Scenedesmus
quadricauda.
Symposium: Experimental Use of Algal Cultures in Limnology, 1976
Mitt. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol., 21:275-84 (1978)
Bringmann, G.; Kuehn, R.
Limiting Values for the Noxious Effects of Water Pollutant
Material to Blue Algae (Microcystis aeruginosa) and Green Algae
(Scenedesmus quadricauda) in Cell Propagation Inhibition Tests.
Vom Wasser, 50:45-60 (1978) (Ger)
Bringmann, G.; Kuehn, R.
Comparison of the Toxicity Thresholds of Water Pollutants to
Bacteria, Algae, and Protozoa in the Cell Multiplication
Inhibition Test.
Water Res., 14(3):231-41 (1980)
Brown, M.M.; Wassom, J.S.; Mailing, H.V.; et al.
Literature Survey of Bacterial, Fungal, and Drosophila Assay
Systems Used in the Evaluation of Selected Chemical Compounds
for Mutagenic Activity.
J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 62(4):841-72 (1979)
13
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Chevron Research Co.
E Delaying the Setting of an Acid-Settable Liquid in a Terrestrial
Zone.
United States, Patent No. 3850249
Jul. 19, 1972
Chevron Research Co.
E Delaying the Setting of an Acid-Settable Liquid in a Terrestrial
Zone.
United States, Patent No. 4015995
Jul. 19, 1972
Chevron Research Co.
E Catalyst for the Setting of an Acid-Settable Liquid in a
Terrestrial Zone.
United States, Patent No. 3919104
Jul. 19, 1972
Ciferri, R.; Borzini, G.; Bertossi, F.
E The Influence of DDT and of Hexachlorocyclohexane on Alcoholic
Fermentation and the Germination of Fungus conidia.
Atti. 1st. Bot. Univ. Lab. Crittogam. Pavia, 3:299-306 (1947)
Cizmarik, J.; Mazan, S.; Suec, P.; et al.
H Study of Local Anesthetics. LXVIII. Quarternary Amnonium Salts
of Heptacaine and Its Pentyloxy Analog.
Cesk. Farm., 27(10):727-31 CI978) (Slo)
Cradock, J.C.; Kleinman, L.M.; Davignon, J.P.
H Intrathecal Injections: A Review of Pharmaceutical Factors.
Bull. Parenter, Drug. Assoc., 31(5):237-47 (1977)
Cropper, F.R.; Kaminsky, S.
E Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Admixture in the
Atmosphere by Gas Chromatography.
Anal. Chem., 35(6):735-43 (May 1963)
Curtis, M.W.; Copeland, T.L.; Ward, C.H.
E Acute Toxicity of 12 Industrial Chemicals to Fresh Water and
Salt Water Organisms.
Water Res., 13(2):137-42 (1979)
Dautov, F.F.
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Development of a Non-radioactive Tracer for Use in Bioaquatic
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H Electrophysiologic Studies of Nerve Block Produced by "Pain"
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Fluck, E.R.; Poirier, L.A.; Ruelius, H.W.
H Evaluation of a DNA Polymerase-Deficient Mutant of E. coli for
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E Development of an Air Pollution Simulator. Study of Interaction
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H Effect of Compounds with Reactive Chloromethyl Groups on
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Gratacos, E.
H Detection of Hydrotropic Effects on Skin Collagen.
Leder, 20(10):231-5 (1969) (Ger)
Gribble, G.W.
H Carcinogenic Alkylating Agents.
Chem. Br., 10(3):101 (1974)
Habig, W.H.; Pabst, M.J.; Jakoby, W.B.
H Glutathione-S-Transferases the 1st Enzymatic Step in
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H Toluene, Alpha-Chloro: Aquatic Toxicity, Human Toxicity,
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H Carcinogenesis and Tumor Growth.
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Symposium: 174th Meeting of the American Chemical Society.
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Hodogaya Chemical Co., Ltd.
Liquid Heat-Stabilized Hydrocarbons with High Boiling Point.
Japan, Patent No. 74 64700
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Holmberg, B.; Malmfors, T.
H Cytotoxicity of Some Organic Solvents.
Environ. Res., 7(2):183-92 (1974)
Holmberg, B.; Malmfors, T.
H The Effect of Industrial Solvents on Adrenergic Transmitter
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H Effect of Organic Solvents on Erythrocytes during Hypotonic
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Honma, S.
H Effect of Various Chemicals on Mites.
Yakuzaigaku, 27(3):192-6 (1967)
Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd.
Stabilization of Benzyl Chloride.
West Germany, Patent No. 2105254
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Juhnke, I.; Luedemann, D.
E Results of the Study of 200 Chemical Compounds on Acute Fish
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E Organic Compounds in an Industrial Waste Water: A Case Study of
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H Inhibition of the Intracellular Decomposition of Rice-Bran Oil.
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H Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors. VIII. 2-Thioadenine
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H Biochemical Studies of Toxic Agents. II. The Occurrence of
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E Standard Levels of New Industrial Chemicals in the Air of Work
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H Quantitative Relationships between Structure and Fibrinolytic
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Kuraray Company Ltd.
Stabilizing Benzyl Chloride - by Addition of Naphthyl Thiourea
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Japan, Patent No. 7211978
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Kurlyandskii, B.A.; Ordynskii, L.L.
H Method of Determining the Danger of Chronic Inhalation Poisoning.
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Kurlyandskii, B.A.; Rotenberg, Y.S.; Zav'yalov, N.V.
H Criteria for Sorting Substances for Hygienic Regulation Purposes.
Gig. Sanit., (12):88-90 (1975) (Rus)
Kurray Company, Ltd.
Stabilization of Benzyl Chloride.
Japan, Patent No. 72 11978
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Lallemand, S.
H Toxicity of Gaseous and Volatile Poisons for Non-differentiated
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E Detection of Benzyl and Benzal Derivatives.
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Leonskaya, G.I.
H Evaluaion of the Embryotoxic and Teratogenic Effect of Butyl and
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Gig. Naselen. Mest, (19):40-3 (1980) (Rus)
Lowenheim, F.A.; Moran, M.K.
H Benzyl Chloride.
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Ludwicka, A.
E Proposed Standard Method for Determining Benzyl Chloride Vapors
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Lukas, A.; Borovansky, A.; Kopacova, L.
H Studies on Local Anesthetics. XXXXVII. Basic Phenoxy- and
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Acta Fac. Pharm. Univ. Comenianae, 28:91-114
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Mahesh, V.K.; Sharma, R.; Maheshwari, M.
Studies in Potential Antifertility Agents. Part III. Synthesis
of Basic Ethers of 2-Benzoyl- and 2-(,l'-2-diphenyvinyl )-3
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Maitrya, B.B.; Vyas, C.R.
H Studies on Conjugation of Organic Compounds in the Rat.
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Matsushita, H.; Kanno, S.I.
H A Gas Chromatographic Determination of Benzotrichloride and
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McCann, J.; Choi, E.; Yamasaki, E.; et al.
H Detection of Carcinogens As Mutagens in the Salmonella/Microsome
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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 72:5135-9 (1975)
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H Detection of Carcinogens As Mutagens: Bacterial Tester Strains
with R Factor Plasmids.
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 72:979-83 (1975)
McDonald, L.D.; Skinner, D.J.; Hopton, F.J.; et al.
E Burning Waste Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in a Cement Kiln.
Environmental Protection Service, Quebec, Canada
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McFee, D.R.; Bechtold, R.R.
H Pyrolyzer-Microcoulomb Detector System for Measurement of
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McMahon, R.E.; Cline, J.C.; Thompson, C.Z.
H Assay of 855 Test Chemicals in Ten Tester Strains Using a New
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Menevse, A.; Dodd, G.H.; Poynder, T.M.; et al.
H A Chemical-Modification Approach to the Olfactory Code.
Biochem. Soc. Trans., 5(1):1914 (1977)
Meyer, F.; Kerk, L.
H Percutaneous Absorption of Physostigmine from Benzene and Some
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Mikhailova, T.V.
H Comparative Toxicity of Benzyl Chloride, Benzal Chloride, and
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H Toxicology of Chlorinated Compounds of Toluene.
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Mikhailova, T.V.
H Comparative Toxicity of Chloride Derivatives of Toluene: Benzyl
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H Potential Prescreens for Chemical Carcinogens: Unscheduled DNA
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Mitchell, J.J.; Deveraux, H.D.
E Determination of Traces of Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere:
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Anal. Chim. Acta, 100:45-52 (1978)
Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Industries, Ltd.
Stabilizing an Aromatic Monohalomethyl.
Japan, Patent No. 74 36215
Jan. 31, 1969
Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.
Stabilization of Benzyl Chloride.
Japan, Patent No. 4805725
Jun. 7, 1971
Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.
Benzyl Chloride Stabilized to Long Storage at High Temperature
by Addition of 10-50 ppm DMF or Acetamide.
Japan, Patent No. 8005726
Jun. 7, 1971
Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.
Stabilizations of Benzyl Chloride.
Japan, Patent No. 7305726
Jan. 24, 1972
Monsanto Chemical Company
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21
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Mori, B.T.; Hall, K.J.; Blazevich, J.N.
E Effects of Chlorination of Some Volatile Organics in Primary
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Moschel, R.C.; Hudgins, W.R.; Dipple, A.
H Selectivity in Nucleoside Alkylation and Aralkylation in
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E Insecticidal Potency and Phytotoxic Effect of Compounds Screened
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H Structure Activity Relationship in Halogen and Alkyl Substituted
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Mutagenic Properties.
Biochem. Pharmacol., 29(19):2611-8 (1980)
Paustovskaya, V.V.; Torbin, V.F.; Onikienko, F.A.; et al.
Toxicity of Some Chemical Compounds Used As Additives for
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H Further Evaluation of a Ham3ter Embryo Cell Carcinogenesis
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H Correlation between Transformation Potential and Inducible
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Carcinogenesis, l(4):323-8 (1980)
Poirier, L.A.; De Serres, F.J.
H Initial National Cancer Institute Studies on Mutagenesis As a
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Poirier, L.A.; Weisburger, E.K.
H Selection of Carcinogens and Related Compounds Tested for
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Poirier, L.A.; Stoner, G.D.; Shimkin, M.B.
H Bioassay of Alkyl Halides and Nucleotide Base Analogs by
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Cancer Res., 35(6):1411-5 (1975)
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Popler, A.
E Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Benzyl Chloride
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Popov, N.; Matthies, H.; Lietz, W.; et al.
H Effect of Different Substrates on the Inhibition of Rat Brain
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Biochem. Pharmacol., 19(8):2413-8 (1970)
Preussmann, R.
H Direct Alkylating Agents As Carcinogens.
Food Cosmet. Toxicol., 6:576-7 (1968)
Rosenkranz, H.S.; Leifer, Z.
H Determining the DNA-modifying Activity of Chemicals Using DNA
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H Evaluation of the Mutagenicity and DNA-modifying Activity of
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H Hygienic Substantiation of the Permissible Content of Benzyl and
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Gig. Sanit., C3):115 (1979) (Rus)
St. Lawrence Cement Company
The "Fire" Next Time.
Environ. Sci. Technol., 12(2):134-6 (Feb. 1978)
Samoiloff, M.R.; Schulz, S.j Jordon, Y,; et al.
E A Rapid, Simple, Long-Term Toxicity Assay for Aquatic
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H Role of Cholinergic Nerve Stimulation in the Acid Response to
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Schubert, R.
E Toxicity of Organohalogen Compounds towards Bacteria and Their
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Conference: Spez. Ber. Kernforschungsanlage Juelich 1978.
Organohalogenverbindungen Umwelt, Juel-Spez-45, 211-8
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23
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Schultz, R.A.; Metz, B.A.
E Requisites for Nonpolluting Microbicides.
Ind. Water Eng., 10(2):18-21 (1973)
Sheldon, L.S.; Hites, R.A.
E Organic Compounds in the Delaware River.
Environ. Sci. Technol., 12(10):1188-94 (1978)
Sheldon, L.S.; Hites, R.A.
E Sources and Movement of Organic Chemicals in the Delaware River.
Environ. Sci. Technol., 13(5):574-9 (May 1979)
Simmon, V.F.
H In Vitro Assays for Recombinogenic Activity of Chemical
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J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 62:901-9 (1979)
Siranon, V.F.
H In Vitro Mutagenicity Assays of Chemical Carcinogens and Related
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H Mutagenic Activity of Chemical Carcinogens and Related Compounds
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H Mercapturic Acid Synthesis in Animals. IX. The Conversion of
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Stekol, J.A.
H The Mercapturic Acid Synthesis in Animals. XI. The Detoxication
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Stekol, J.A.
H Mercapturic Acid Synthesis in Animals: Mechanism of Inhibition
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Suga, T.; Akagi, M.
H Mercapturic Acids. Effect of Some Chemical Compounds on the
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Suga, T.; Ohata, T.; Akagi, M.
H Mercapturic Acids. Effect of Some Aromatic Compounds on the
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United Kingdom, Ministry of Labor
H Toxic Substances in Factory Atmospheres.
Ministry of Labor Stationary Office, Series 8. London, England.
(1961)
United Nations. International Labor Office
H Occupational Exposure Limits for Airborne Toxic Substances.
Occup. Saf. Health Series, No. 37
ILO; Geneva, Switzerland, SQ-SI (1977)
United Nations. World Health Organization. International
Agency for Research on Cancer
H Benzyl Chloride.
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of
Chemicals to Man, 11:217-23 (1976)
United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Public Health Service Center for Disease Control. National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Stanford Research Institute
H NIOSH Analytical Methods for Set H.
U.S. NTIS, PB-246150, 84pp. (Oct. 1975)
United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National
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H Information Profiles on Potential Occuapational Hazards.
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United States. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.
Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National
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H Criteria for a Recommended Standard, Occupational Exposure to
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United States. Department of Health. Education and Welfare.
Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National
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H Extent of Exposure Survey of Benzyl Chloride.
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25
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United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Public Health Service. Center for Disease Control. National
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White, G.L.
H Health Hazard Evaluation Determination Report HHE-79-22-591,
Inland Division of General Motors, Dayton, Ohio.
Hazard Evaluation and Technical Assistance Branch,
NIOSH-Cincinnati, OH
U.S. NTIS, PB-80-147150, 9pp. (May 1979)
United States. Department of Interior. Bureau of Mines
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H Coal Mine Combustion Products: Ingredients of Conveyor Belts.
U.S. Bur. Mines Technical Report (RI 8235) 15pp. (1977)
United States. Department of Labor. Occupational Safety and
Health Administration. Office of Standards
H NI0SH-0SHA Draft Technical Standards for Benzyl Chloride,
Bromoform, Chlorobromomethane, 1,2-Dichloroethylene,
Difluorodibromomethane. Set H, Part 1.
U.S. NTIS, PB-259853, 60pp. (Sep. 12, 1975)
United States. Environmental Protection Agency
Ottinger, R.S.; Blumenthal, J.L.; Dal Porto, D.F.; et al.
E Recommended Methods of Reduction, Neutralization, Recovery, or
Disposal of Hazardous Waste. Volume X. Industrial and Municipal
Disposal Candidate Waste Stream Constituent Profile Reports.
Organic Compound.
EPA Report No. 670/2-73-053-j
U.S. NTIS., PB-224589, 316pp. (Aug. 1973)
Velsicol Chemical Corporation
Stabilized Aralkyl Halides, Especially Benzyl-Chloride.
United States, Patent No. 3535391
Apr. 7, 1969
Vernot, E.H.; MacEwen, J.D.; Haun, C.C.; et al.
H Acute Toxicity and Skin Corrosion Data for Some Organic and
Inorganic Compounds and Aqueous Solutions.
Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 42(2):417-24 (1977)
Vinogradov, G.I.
H Autosensitizing Effect in the Per Os Administration of Chemical
Substances to Animals.
Vrach. Delo, (9):100-2 (1979) (Rus)
Vinogradov, G.I.
H Methodical Questions in the Study of Chemical Allergens in the
Environment.
Gig. Sanit., (11):50-2 (1979) (Rus)
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Vrana, M.; Janderova, V.; Danek, M.
Stabilizer of Benzyl Chloride.
Czechoslovakia, Patent No. 134477
Aug. 31, 1967
Watrous, R.M.
H Health Hazards of the Pharmaceutical Industry.
Br. J. Ind. Med., 4:111-25 (1947)
Wine 11, M.
H An International Comparison of Hygienic Standards for Chemicals
in the Work Environment.
Ambio., 4:34-6 (1975)
Witter, R.F.
H The Metabolism of Monobromobenzene, Benzene, Benzyl Chloride,
and Related Compounds in the Rabbit.
Dissertation for Ph.D. University of Michigan (1944)
Yasuo, K.; Fujimoto, S.; Katoh, M.; et al.
H Mutagenicities of BTC and Related Compounds.
Mutat. Res., 54:231 (1978)
Yasuo, K.; Fujimoto, S.; Katoh, M.; et al.
H Mutagenicity of Benzotrichloride and Related Compounds.
Mutat. Res., 58(2-3):143-50 (1978)
Yuhi, K.
E Studies on the Chemical Estimation Method of Industrial
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Jpn. J. Hyg. (Tokyo), 21:407-9 (Feb. 1967) (Jpn)
27
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APPENDICES
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Appendix I
Abstract Collections Manually
Searched
Source
Chemical Abstracts*
Biological Abstracts*
Excerpta Medica*
Physiology, Biochemistry, Pharmacology,
Toxicology
Cancer
Public Health, Social Medicine, Hygiene
Clinical Biochemistry
Pharmacology and Toxicology
Occupational Health
Current Contents
Life Sciences
Physical Sciences
Agriculture
Industrial Hygiene Digest
Index Medicu9*
Toxicology Research Projects Directory
Period of Coverage
(1930-1976)
(1930-1970)
(1965-1974)
(1953-1974)
(1955-1974)
(1969-1974)
(1969-1974)
(1972-1975)
(Oct. 197 9-Mar. 1980)
(Apr. 1981-May 1981)
(Oct. 1979-Mar. 1980)
(Apr. 1981-May 1981)
(Oct. 1979-Mar. 1980)
(Apr. 1981-May 1981)
(1943-1979)
(1930-1976)
(Oct. 1979-Mar. 1980)
*Recent issues searched on-line.
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Appendix II
On-Line Databases Searched
National Library of Medicine (MEDLARS)
File Coverage Period of File
+ indicates that the database is continually updated.
Chemline N/A
Toxline
1974+
Toxback
1965-1973
Cancerlit
Jan. 1963+
Cancerproj
1976-1978
Medline
Jan. 1979+
Back 66
Jan. 1966-Dec.
1968
Back 69
Jan. 1969-Dec.
1971
Back 72
Jan. 1972-Dec.
1974
Back 75
Jan. 1975-Dec.
1976
Back 77
Jan. 1977-Dec.
1978
SDILINE
Present Month1
s Update
Toxicology Data Bank
N/A
RTECS
1978 Edition
Search
Strategy
(RN)
100-44-7
(TW)
alpha and chlorotoluene
(TW)
chloromethyl benzene
(TW)
benzyl and chloride
(TW)
tolyl and chloride
(TW)
chlorophenyl and methane
(TW)
omega and chlorotoluene
(TW)
chlorophenylmethane
All search statements were combined with the logical operator "or" before
printout.
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Appendix II
On-Line Databases Searched (cont'd)
Department of Energy (RECON)
File Coverage Period of File
+ indicates that the database is continually updated.
Water Resources Abstracts 1968+
Environmental Mutagen Information Center 1969+
Environmental Teratogen Information Center 1975+
Search Strategy
IT= alpha, chlorotoluene
RN= 100-44-7
Chemical Information System*
Structure and Nomenclature Search System (SANSS)
(RN) 100-44-7
~Searched to obtain synonyms only
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NIOSHTIC 1973+
+ indicates that the database is continually updated.
Search Strategy
alpha-chlorotoluene
100-44-7
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Appendix II
On-Line Databases Searched (cont'd)
Lockheed Information Systems (DIALOG)
File
Coverage Period of File
+ indicates that the database is continually updated
Agricola
Air Pollution Technical Information Center
Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts
Biosis Previews
Chemical Abstracts Search
Commonwealth Agriculture Bureaux Abstracts
Chemical Industry Notes
Chemname
Claims/Chem
Comprehensive Dissertation Abstracts
Conference Papers Index
Current Research Information System
EIS Industrial Plants
Enviroline
Environmental Periodicals Bibliography
Excerpta Medica
Food Science & Technology Abstracts
GPO Monthly Catalog
National Technical Information Service
Oceanic Abstracts
Pollution Abstracts
PTS Funk and Scott Indexes (File 18 only)
PTS Federal Index
PTS Promt
PTS US Statistical Abstracts
Rubber & Plastics Research Association Abstracts
SciSearch
Smithsonian Science Information Exchange
Current Research Information System
Compendex
Inspec
Metadex
Pira
Claims/U.S. Patent
Claims/U.S. Patent
Claims/Class
Aug. 1971+
1976-Sep. 1978
Jan. 1975+
1969+
1970+
Jan. 1973+
1974+
N/A
1950-1970
1861 +
1973+
Jul. 1974+
N/A
1971 +
1973+
Jun. 1974+
1969+
Jul. 1973+
1964+
1964+
1970+
1976+
Oct. 1976+
1972+
Jul. 1971+
1972+
Jan. 1974+
Most Recent 2 Yrs,
Jul. 1974+
1970+
1969+
1966+
1975+
Abstracts Weekly
1971+
Oct. 1975+
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Appendix II
On-Line Databases Searched (cont'd)
Lockheed Information Systems (DIALOG)
Search Strategy
toluene(w)alpha(w)chloro
benzene(w)chloro(w)methyl
benzene(w)chloromethyl
alpha(w)chloro(w)toluene
alpha(w)chlortoluene
benzyl(w)chloride
tolyl(w)chloride
chloro(w)methyl(w)benzene
chloromethyl(w)benzene
Search Stragety
chloro(w)phenyl(w)methane
chlorophenyl(w)methane
methane(w)chloropheny1
methane(w)chloro(w)phenyl
omega(w)chloro(w)toluene
omega(w)methane(w)chloro
omega(w)chlorotoluene
phenyl(w)methane(w)chloro
chlorophenylmethane
RN 100-44-7 used in appropriate files
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Appendix II
On-Line Databases Searched (cont'd)
Systems Development Corporation (ORBIT)
Database Coverage Period of File
+ indicates that the database is continually updated.
Apilit 1974+
Apipat 1964+
Chemdex 1972+
Crecord 1976+
Fedreg Mar. 1977+
Libcon 1968+
Paperchem 1968+
P/E News 1975
Safety Science Jun. 1975+
Titus 1970+
World Patent Index 1963+
Search Strategy
(RN) 100-44-7 (in appropriate files)
alpha and chlorotoluene
chloromethyl benzene
benzyl and chloride
tolyl and chloride
chlorophenyl and methane
omega and chlorotoluene
chlorophenylmethane
All search statements were combined with the logical operator "or" before
printout.
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