PULP MILL STATUS REPORT
REGION X
PREPARED BY
the
WATER PERMITS SECTION
of the
WATER COMPLIANCE AND PERMITS BRANCH
of the
ENFORCEMENT DIVISION
July 24, 1975
Second Revision
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General
This status report for the pulp industry in Region X has been
prepared in order to show what progress has been made in reducing
pulp mill discharges for the period 1967 to the present (1975) as well
as to show what further reductions will be made by July 1, 1977 in order
to meet the requirements of the Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of
1972.
Table I summarizes the status of individual pulp mill discharges
for the year 1967. This year was chosen as it coincides with the
establishment of Federal and State water quality standards.
Table II summarizes the status of individual pulp mill discharges
for the year 1972. This year was chosen as it coincides with the passage
of the Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972.
Table III shows current (1975) and projected discharges (July 1, 1977)
for individual plants as taken from draft or issued NPDES permits. Also
indicated are type and amount of production as well as treatment system
employed.
Table IV summarizes discharge data for 1972 and 1967. The percentage
reductions shown were figured using discharges of all pulp mills in 1967
and 1972. In actuality, the reductions shown for Oregon should be higher
as two new pulp mills were added during the period while only one was
closed. On the other hand, the reductions shown for Washington should
be lower as one mill was closed and the pulping at another was discon-
tinued during the period for the two years. The figures showing BOD
discharged per ton of pulp produced probably best show what gains have
been made by the respective States and the Region as a whole.
Table V summarizes discharge data for the present (1975) and 1972.
The percentage reductions shown were figured using discharges of all
pulp mills in 1972 and the present (1975). While a decrease in BOD
discharged is shown for the Region, increases are shown for Alaska and
Oregon. These may not be true increases but most likely are the results
of more accurate data being available in 1975 over those originally
collected in 1972. In addition, the reductions shown for Washington
should be lower as one mill was closed during the two year period.
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2.
Table VI summarizes discharge data for July 1, 1977 and the present
(1974). The 1977 numbers were arrived at using the guidelines or
guidance. Totals for 1977 are known to be somewhat low as they do not
allow for increases in production or for the building of new plants.
Table VII shows NPDES permit status as of 7/24/75 for the pulp
mills in Region X.
Table VIII shows the treatment status for the pulp mills in the
Region as well as showing how many mills are currently meeting BPCTCA.
Figure I shows the total pounds of BOD discharged per day for each
State for the years 1967, 1972, 1975 and 1977.
Figure II shows the total pounds of BOO discharged per day as well
as the pounds of BOD discharged per ton of pulp for the Region for the
years 1967, 1972,1975 and 1977.
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TABLE I
1967 PULP MILL STATUS
ALASKA
Mill and Location
Alaska Lumber & Pulp - Sitka
Ketchikan Pulp - Ketchikan
TOTALS
Production T/D
600 Sulfite pulp
628 Sulfite pulp
1,228 T/D Pulp
BOD #/Day SS #/Day
274,000
266,000
540,000
101,500
60,000
161,500
IDAHO
Potlatch Forest Industry
Lewiston
769 Kraft pulp
83,000
OREGON
Boise Cascade - Salem
Boise Cascade - St. Helens
Coos Head - Empire
Crown-Zellerbach - Lebanon
Crown-Zellerbach - West Linn
Georgia Pacific - Toledo
International Paper - Gardiner
Menasha - North Bend
Publishers Paper - Newberg
Publishers Paper - Oregon City
Western Kraft - Albany
Weyerhaeuser - Springfield
220 Sulfite pulp 138,000
420 Kraft pulp 35,000
80 Sulfite pulp 14,500
125 Sulfite pulp 9,700
220 Sulfite pulp
360 Groundwood pulp 148,000
1,050 Kraft pulp 23,000
550 Kraft pulp 30,000
250 NSSC pulp 8,800
180 Sulfite pulp 130,000
350 Groundwood
200 Sulfite pulp 130,000
440 Groundwood
600 Kraft pulp 12,000
1,150 Kraft pulp 3,000
30,000
47,000
10,300
1,300
9,000
43,000
30,000
1,250
5,900
40,000
4,000
5,200
TOTALS
6,195 T/D Pulp
682,000
226,950
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TABLE I (con't.)
1967 PULP MILL STATUS
WASHINGTON
Mill and Location
Boise Cascade - Steilacoom
(West Tacoma Newsprint)
Boise Cascade - Vancouver
Boise Cascade - Wallula
Crown Zellerbach - Camas
Crown Zellerbach - Port
Angeles
Crown Zellerbach - Port
Townsend
Fibreboard - Port Angeles
Fibreboard - Sumner
Georgia Pacific - Bellingham
Inland Empire - Millwood
ITT Rayonier •
ITT Rayonier ¦
Keyes Fibre -
¦ Hoquiam
• Port Angeles
Wenatchee
Longview Fibre - Longview
St Regis - Tacoma
Scott-Anacortes
Scott - Everett
Simpson-Lee - Everett
Weyerhaeuser
Weyerhaeuser
Weyerhaeuser
(Sulfite)
Weyerhaeuser
- Cosmopolis
- Everett (Kraft)
- Everett
- Longview
Production T/D
220 Groundwood
181 Sulfite pulp
575 Kraft-NSSC pulp
1,149 Sulfite, Kraft,
Groundwood
304 Groundwood
389 Kraft pulp
191 GW-Sulfite
50 Paperboard
527 Sulfite pulp
37 Sulfite pulp
74 Groundwood
516 Sulfite pulp
467 Sulfite pulp
16 Paperboard
1,600 Kraft pulp
80 Groundwood
175 NSSC
1,040 Kraft pulp
138 Sulfite pulp
828 Sulfite pulp
112 Kraft pulp
350 Sulfite pulp
382 Kraft pulp
304 Sulfite pulp
810 Kraft, Sulfite
NSSC
BOD #/Day SS #/Day
10,600
112,000
18,300
436,000
24,000
10,000
4,400
840
278,000
24,700
326,000
470,000
35
117,000
47,120
136,000
820,000
12,000
98,000
40,000
320,000
118,000
9,291
8,800
24,200
33,400
106,000
146,000
442,000
134,000
TOTALS
10,515 T/D Pulp
3,422,995
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TABLE II (con't.)
1972 PULP MILL STATUS
WASHINGTON
Mill and Location
Boise Cascade - Steilacoom
Boise Cascade - Vancouver
Boise Cascade - Wallula
Crown Zellerbach - Camas
Crown Zellerbach - Port Angeles
Crown Zellerbach - Port Townsend
Fibreboard - Sumner
Georgia Pacific - Bellingham
Inland Empire - Millwood
ITT Rayonier - Hoquiam
ITT Rayonier - Port Angeles
Keyes Fibre - Wenatchee
Longview Fibre - Longview
St. Regis - Tacoma
Scott - Anacortes
Scott - Everett
Simpson-Lee -
Weyerhaeuser
Weyerhaeuser
Weyerhaeuser
Weyerhaeuser
Everett
¦ Cosmopolis
¦ Everett (Kraft)
- Everett (Sulfite)
- Longview
Production T/D
BOD #/Day
SS #/Day
220 Groundwood pulp
9,690
11,200
27,600
9,400
442 Kraft pulp
22,600
16,900
224 NSSC pulp
730 Kraft pulp
172,000
46,300
415 Sulfite pulp
266 Groundwood
11,600
22,200
405 Kraft pulp
15,800
6,960
58 Paperboard
800
1,350
527 Sulfite pulp
132,000
43,100
45 NSSC pulp
66 Groundwood
5,560
849
504 Sulfite pulp
317,000
29,400
486 Sulfite pulp
537,000
38,800
30 Paperboard
67
250
1 ,600 Kraft pulp
107,000
64,000
250 NSSC pulp
887 Kraft pulp
61,100
13,300
140 Sulfite pulp
114,000
7,850
814 Sulfite pulp
576,000
27;600
22 Groundwood
173 Kraft pulp
15,800
38,640
400 Sulfite pulp
104,000
8,830
410 Kraft pulp
23,200
19,900
310 Sulfite pulp
278,000
16,300
331 Kraft pulp
181,000
508,000
290 Sulfite pulp
275 NSSC pulp
TOTALS
10,270 T/D pulp
2,711,817
931,129
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TABLE II
1972 PULP MILL STATUS
ALASKA
Mill and Location
Alaska Lumber & Pulp - Sitka
Ketchikan Pulp - Ketchikan
TOTALS
Production T/D
—¦ .r "• - -
630 Sulfite pulp
725 Sulfite pulp
1,355 T/D Pulp
BOD #/Day SS #/Day
274,000
112,000
386,000
102,000
53,700
155,700
IDAHO
Potlatch Forest Industry -
Lewiston
1,000 Kraft pulp
77,700
38,400
OREGON
American Can - Halsey
Boise Cascade - Salem
Boise Cascade - St. Helens
Crown-Zellerbach - Lebanon
Crown-Zel1erbach-Wauna
Crown-Zellerbach-West Linn
Georgia Pacific - Toledo
International Paper -
Gardiner
Menasha - North Bend
Publishers Paper - Newberg
Publishers Paper -
Oregon City
Western Kraft - Albany
Weyerhaeuser - Springfield
330 Kraft pulp
1,3 40
1,780
250 Sulfite pulp
8,010
3,710
800 Kraft pulp
24,800
22,700
99 Sulfite pulp
5,280
2,945
705 Kraft pulp
71,100
20,700
298 Groundwood
180 Groundwood pulp
7,100
32,900
1,000 Kraft pulp
30,300
20,800
600 Kraft pulp
25,500
20,500
150 NSSC pulp
100 Paperboard pulp
13,500
9,240
210 Sulfite pulp
6,095
7,910
290 Groundwood
189 Sulfite pulp
8,460
6,980
405 Groundwood
570 Kraft pulp
200 NSSC pulp
2,380
1,180
1,155 Kraft pulp
2,660
6,660
TOTALS
7,531 T/D Pulp
206,525
158,005
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KEY
Type and Pulp Production
S(Mg) Magnesium based sulfite
S(NH3) Ammonia based sulfite
S(Ca) Calcium based sulfite
S(Na) Sode based sulfite
K Kraft
BK Bleached Kraft
G Groundwood
N Neutral sulfite semichemical (NSSC)
P Paperboard
Present Treatment
P Primary
CR Chemical Recovery
S Secondary
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TAriF If!
Hfr.JOM X nil P Mill STAT!IS
MM1 V--I* ani Location
Type & Pulp
production (T/0)
Present
Treatment
Flow
(HGO)
I'lesent Uischarqe
BOO SS
(#/0ay) (f/Day)
Discharge as of
July 1, 1977
BOO SS
(I/Kay) (»/0ay)
Cost
$lpfc
Remarks
»U' ,-t
L'j-ber * P.jlp - Sitka
S(Hg) 63B
CR ,P
41.0
225,000
18,800
47,850
22,330
•'ct.' .kan Pulp - Ketchikan
S(Hg) 700
CR,P
42.0
185,000
23,300
52,500
24,500
It.*'-"'
rct'j,".h "orccraUon -
L?"iton
BK 1,150
P.S
38.0
13.800
22,200
13,800
22,200
When river flow is less than
16,000 cfs, average BOD is
limited to 10,400 lb/day
OP E'V.-i
tner -in Can - Ha Isey
BK 370
P.S
16.0
4,000
7,000
4,000
7,000
June 1 to Oct 31, "a*i^i—
BOD is limited to 2,500 lb/d
B?i"- Cascade - St. Helens
Boizt Cascjd? - Sale:n
BK & K 1,050
S(NH3) 330
P.S
CR,P,S
27.5
19.2?/
11,600
11,500
17,600
7,000
11,600
11,500
17,600
7,000
To city system
June 1 to Oct 31 rcax BOD is
limited to 8,POO lb/day
Cri« ,>l!erti'.h - Lebanon
Crewc Zellerbach - Wauna
trav,-, Zellerbach - West Linn
S(IIH3) 105
BK , K ft G 1200
G250
CR.P.S
P
P.S
4.0
35.1
22.1^/
3.800
88,000
3,500
4,000
21,500
4,500
3,800
11,000
3,500
4,000
18,600
4,500
9.1
June 1 to Oct 31, ™ax. BOD
limited to 3,000 lb/day
June 1 to Oct 31, "a*. BOD
is limited to 3,500 lb'day
fieor-jii Pacific - Toledo
K 1,000 N 170
P
11.0
30,000
30,000
9,500
16,500
Ivt*;?' -!ti';ra! Paper -
G i ci: rt<. r
Mens:!* Corp. - North Bend
K 600
P
14.0
37,000
9,000
2,700£/
5,76(0
Hermit expires lJ,'31/75
N 243, P 87
P
2.23
34,000
20,000
2,400
3,600
Until July 1 , 1977 during
the months of March 1 to
a/ Oata ba',e
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Hill Name and Location
Type t Pulp
Production (T/t>)
Present
Treatment
Flow
("GO)
WASHINGTON (con't.)
Inland Empire - Millwood
6 80
P
3.11
ITT Rayonier - Hoqujam
SfUa) MO
CR,P
46,8
ITT Rayonler - Port Angeles
S(HH3) 652
P
32.3
Keyes Fibre - Wenatchee
P 30
P
1 .0
Longxiew Fibre - Lortgview
BK.K I N 2,300
P
80.2
St. Regis - Tacoma
BK 4 K 1,000
P
38.0
Scott Piper - Anacortes
S(NHj) 151
None
8.5
Scott Paper - Everett
S(NH3) 850 G 22
CR,P(40*)
59.1
Weyerhaeuser - Cosmopolis
S
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Type k Pulp Present Flow
Mill Name and Location Production (T/P) Treatment (MSP)
OREGOfi (con't.)
Publishers Paper - Newberg S(hg) 250, G 380 CR.P.S 10.42/
Publishers Paper - S(Mg) 170, G 355 CR,P,S 30.92/
Oregon City
Western Kraft - Albany K 610, N 250 P,S 6.2^/
Weyerhaeuser - Springfield < 1,300 p,s 30.0
WASHINGTON
Boise Cascade - Steilacoorn G *25 P 6.0
Boise Cascade - .Vancouver — P 15;0
Boise Cascade - Wnllula N 4 K 825 p 10.0
Crovm Zellerbach - Camas BK 4 K 730 CR,P 105.0
S(Nq) 415
Crovm Zellerbach - Port 6 374 P 14.0
Angeles
Crown Zellerbach - Port K 428 P 15.4
ToMftsend
Fibrebaard - Sumner P 61 P,S 0.45
Georgia Pacific - fSellingham S(Ca) 620 N 130 CR,P 46.6
P 58
if Data based on 1972 Status report
b/ To. be achieved bv 7/1/78
rf, Sised on application data
Present Discharge
BOD SS
(#/D*y) (#/Day)
Discharge as of
July 1, 1977
BOO SS
(#/Day) (t/Diy)
Cost
J10
Remarks
10,000
7,500
10.000
7,500
June 1 to O'.L Vi ,
is limits'! to 6.
iM* BOD
.3 i! /lay
10,000
7,500
10,000
7,500
June 1 to t 3 i
is L'j ft.
ia» L JO
Vi ! •
6,600
5,100
6,600
5,100
June 1 tc Oc t 1',
is liir.itfcd to i.
i'j
"> li. Jay
5,700
11,960
4,000
11,960
June 1 to Oct "ii ,
avg c.c. are 1 i" ' i-'
ana 10/.
Avg BOD I
J to 3,0C0
, resp.
15,000
3,500
2,400
4,500
10,5001/
5,700^
3,300
5,500
6,600
10,000
6.600
10,000
¦172,000®/
46,300i/
31,000
22,000
18,000
9,500
2,100
3,900
25,000
6,900
2,400
5,200
180
310
ISO
310
160,000
27,000
31,000^
27,000^
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TA3LE IV
PULP l-'ILL STATUS SUMMARY(1967-1972).
AT aska
iccino
Oregon
V; a s h i nqton
Reqion X
Nunber of Plants (1967)
Total Pulping Production (1967) T/D
Waste Discharge (1967)
BOD, =/Day
SS, #/Day
Nur.ber of Plants (1972)
Total Pulping Production (1972) T/D
Waste Discharge (1972)
BOD, #/Day
SS, =7 Day
2
1,230
540,000
162,000
2
1,355
386,000
156,000
1
769
83,000
1
1,000
77,700
38,400
12
6,200
632,000
227,000
131/
7,530
206,000
158,000
22
10,500
3,420,000
215/
10,300
2,710,000
931,000
37
18,700
4,720,000
37
20,200
3,3S0,000
1,280,000
Pollution Removed
BOD, #/Day
SS, #/Day
154,000
6,000
5,200
476,000
69,000
710,000
1,340,000
Reduction
EOD, %
SS, %
BOD Discharged/Ton Production (1967)
SOD Discnaraed/Ton Production (1972)
28.6
3.7
438
235
6.3
108
7S
69.9
30.4
110
27
20.7
325
263
28.4
252
167
a/ American Can-Halsey, opened 1970, Crown-Zel1erbach-Wauna, opened 1968, Coos Head Timber-Empire, closed 1970
E/ Fibreboard Corp - Port Angeles, closed 1970
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TABLE V
PULP MILL STATUS SUMMARY (1972-1975)
Alaska Idaho
Number of Plants (1972) 2 1
Tota? Pulping Production (1972) T/D 1,355 1,000
Waste Discharge (1972)
BOD, #/0ay 386,000 77,700
SS, #/Day 156,000 38,400
Wu»ber of Plants {1975) 2 1
Total Pulping Production (1975) T/D 1,338 1,150
Waste Discharge (1975)
BOO, i/Oay 410,000 13,800
SS, #/Bay 42,100 22,200
Pollution Removed
BOO, #/0ay (24,000) 63,900
SS, #/Day 113,900 16,200
Reduction
SOD, percent (6.2) 82.2
SS, percent 73.0 42.2
600 Discharged/Ton Production (1972) 285 78
BOD Discharged/Ton Production (1975) 306 12
a/ Simpson-Lee (Everett), closed 1973.
Oregon Washington Region X
13 21 37
7,530 10,300 20,200
206,000 2,710,000 3,380,000
158,000 931,000 1,280,000
13 20i/ 36
8,720 12,030 23,200
255,700 2,380,000 3,060,000
152,700 802,650 1,020,000
(49,700) 330,000 320,000
5,300 128,000 260,000
(24.1) 12.2 9.
3.4 13.8 20
27
29
263
198
167
132
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IA81E VI
Number of Plants (1975)
Total Pulping Production (1975) T/D
Waste Discharge (1975)
BOO, #/Day
SS, I/Day
Number of Plants (1977)
Total Pulping Production (1977) T/D
Uaste Discharge (1977)
BOD, #/Day
SS, #/Day
Pollution Removed
600, #/0ay
SS, #/Day
Reduction
BOD, percent
SS, percent
BOO Discharged/Ton Production (1975)
BOD Discharged/Ton Production (1977)
PULP MILL STATUS SUMMARY (1975-1977)
Alaska
2
1,338
410,000
4Z,I00
2
1,338
100,350
46,830
Idaho
1
1,150
13,800
22,200
1
1,150
13,800
22,200
Oregon
13
8,720
255,700
152,700
13
8,720
90,500
116,600
Washington
20
12,030
2,380,000
$02,650
20
12,030
281,950
216,300
Region X
36
23,200
3,060,000
1 j 020.,000
36
23,200
487,000
402,000
309,650
(4,730)
165,100
36,100
2,098,050
586,350
2,573,000
618,000
75.5
(11.2)
64.6
23.6
88.2
73.1
84.1
60.6
306
75
12
12
29
10
198
23
132
21
-------
TABLE VII
PULP MILL PERMIT STATUS
Number
of Mills
Number
Permitted to Date
Those Remaining
Alaska
Idaho
Oregon
Washington
2
1
13
20
2
1
13
19
Scott-Anacortes
REGION X
36
35
-------
TABLE VIII
PULP MILL TREATMENT STATUS
EXTERNAL TREATMENT
Primary & Secondary
Primary Only
No Treatment
Mills Currently
Meeting BPCTCA
Number Percent
Alaska
Idaho
Oregon
Washington
1
9
_3
2
4
16
J_
1
8
_3
0
100
62
15
REGION X
13
22
1
12
33
SULFITE MILL RECOVERY
Number
Full Recovery
Partial
Recovery
No Recovery
Alaska
Idaho
Oregon
Washington
2
4
8
2
4
4
0
1
(40%)—/
3—/
REGION X
14
10
1
3
a/ Scott Paper - Everett to have 80% recovery by August 1, 1978.
b/ Weyerhaeuser - Everett to convert mill to Thermo-mechanical by August, 1975
Scott Paper - Anacortes has no plans for recovery.
ITT Rayonier - Port Angeles to have full recovery by December 1, 1975.
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FIGURE I
BOD DISCHARGED (BY STATE) FOR
PULP MILLS IN REGION X
—
o
\—•
o
rr
I/O
<
>~
c
CD
QC
LlJ
o.
Q
UJ
o
0£
<
X
o
CO
y—»4
o
Q
O
CO
-------
>
>-
•a:
Q
DC
LU
Q_ ro.
0
UJ
CD
Cd
c
1
c_>
o->
Q
O
ca
go
o
2= CSJ—^
=3
o
a.
FIGURE II
BOD DISCHARGED (POUNDS/DAY AND
POUNDS/TON) FOR PULP MILLS IN
REGION'.X
POUNDS/TON
MILLION POUNDS/DAY
IZZ
1967
1972
1975
1977
YEAR
-------
ATTACHMENT A
PULP AND PAPER MILL
EFFLUENT GUIDANCE
-------
EFFLUENT LIMITATION GUIDANCE
for
THE REFUSE ACT PERMIT PROGRAM
PULP AVD PAPER UMlSTRV
Oune 9, 1972
-------
GtUf.RAL
This yuidtincc for the establishment of effluent limitations for
discharges in 'the Pulp «nd Paper industrial category sets forth
nuv^rical limitations based on the application of 'best practicable
control technology currently available. Schedule A values reflect
the Agency's best technical judepent of the effluent levels which
can be achieved by the application of the" hit-host level of control
technology vhich is now considered 'practicable' and 'currently
available' for the industry. Schedule A values are based on
the totality of expertcr.cs with the tachnoloc-y, including
demonstration projects, pilot plants, and actual use, v/nich
demonstrates that it is technologically and economically
reliable.
In evcrv case of (i) ncv/ plants installing pollution abatement
cquipM-nt and (ii) existing plants now beginning .tatewnt pro-
grams, you should apply Schedule A values. In som "ses,
economic and social factors may affect the Y'
flying control techniques to ^'J^YJaiucs as to particular
require son;.? modification of Schedul^ /l £bsolute minim,
plants. These instances shoul ^f ^™ 'otn the tine the discharge Permit is issue . -jn other areas
has extensive on-going pollution abaters. P 9 modify this
such as air pollution the Regional Ad«nnist»ator n.ay «ou.»y
24 month period.
-------
CFfLUENT LIMITS
Production Co? i s. The average permitted effluent level,
in pounds por aoy, shall be computed by multiplying the maximum
daily prediction, in air-dry tons, as determined at the time of
application by the recorur. ended effluent limitations contained
herein.
Separate A and B Schedules for suspended
sol ids' ill :.o are provided. If it is determined that suspended
solids levels can not be applied at this time to this facility,
the permit shall still include the settleable solids limitation
of "no detectable settlc-fble solids" and the permittee instructed
to monitor suspended solids in the discharge for a suitable
period of time with the understanding that evaluation of these
data by F.FA could result in the application of a suspended solids
limitation. In this instance, the exact vrarding of the permit
shall be:
"a. The effluent shall contain no detectable settleable
sol ids.
b. After an analysis of the suspended solids and other
data provided by tha permittee for a suitable period
of time as detc-n-iinsd by the Regional Administrator,
the District Engineer may, in accordance with
determination of the Regional Administrator* direct
the permittee to reduce his discharge of suspended
solids to appropriate 1'evels from any or all discharge
points covered by this permt. If such action is
taken, a reasonable period of time, of at least six
months, shall be given to accomplish appropriate
reduction of suspended solids."
NOTE: This condition is only to be used for permits for the
pulp and paper industry and then only for suspended solids.
If it is used, be sure to include a suspended solids monitoring
requirement in the r.-.onitoring and reporting condition. Any
modification of the \ibove condition will be included in the
Manual of Permit Conditions,
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3. Cotvii tions_fo r r.:;nl icat ion of 1301), S115 ponded Solids and
SetI Icab 10 So 1 ic > l.ii.ntotions
a. HOD and Suspended Solids compliance will be based on
24-hour composites.
b. Crab samples shall be considered as a monitoring tool
and as an indicator of treatment plant operations. Any
cjrab Simple, however, in excess of 150 ir.3/1 for either
five-day POD or suspended solids shall not be permitted.
c. The permit v.'ill be considered to be violated if:
¦0) the avorace of 2A-hour composite samples collected
over any 20 consecutive day operating period exceeds
the peii-ii tted effluent limit for five-day BOD,
or if specified suspended solids;
*(2) the five-day BOD level in any 2'1-hour composite
sample exceeds by 50?.' the permitted effluent level;
*(3) in cases where suspended solids limitations are
established, the suspended solids level in any
21-hour composite sample exceeds by 100£ the permitte
effluent level;
(<1) there are any detectable settleable solids in any
24-hour composite sample.
*NOTES
(a) The levels specified- above are to be treated' as maximum
variances where receiving water quality does not govern
effluent quality, l.'ncre receiving water quality requires
more stringent limits, the allowable variances should be
adjusted accordingly.
(b) The allowed percent variances may be adjusted to reflect
operations whore the wastewater in the treatment facility
may fall below 10° C. In those cases, however, the above
maximum allowed variances shall still prevail.
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I'1"*5 1S a significant parameter for mixtures of
industrial waste.:ater and sewage and n>ay be sigivificant for
industrial w:js Lev:a Lit cTonc. Because of the corr.plex sewering
of most mills, ti)L> absence of sewage must be established by
dye test, sampling cud analysis for fecal ccliform organisms.
If sewage is present, the following affluent limit shall be
imposed:
"Organisms isolated in the fecal coniform test and
associated with pathogens shall not exceed 1000
organisms per 100 ml."(l)
(1) l.'here receiving waters are classified for shellfish
harvesting or contact recreational sports, the effluent
limits shall be reduced to comply v/ith the established
water quality criteria.
The sanitary significance of fecal coliform organisms in
strictly industrial '..-asto.,'ator has not been positively
established and thus monitoring is necessary. Especially where
pulping is part of the production operation, monitoring of effluent
feecil coliform shall be required.
5. Xc\>'j_c fi^tn;jnJ_s ,__0_il and Grea_se. Those parameters should
be considered to determine their significance on an individual
basis. If they are determined to be significant, then the
appropriate "Special Conditions" should be applied.
^' J?ii' Tne pii shall be maintained between 6.0 and 8.5 unless
unusual receiving water conditions necessitate a variance (e.g.,
the natural pH is outside this range).
.Pl'^'l.Lif'nts,. The following may be significant parameters
depending on production and receiving water characteristics:
Color
Turin di ty
foam
Phenol
Ammonia
Sulfite Waste Liquor
When deemed necessary, effluent limits applied to these parameters
sluill consider receiving water quality and available technology.
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rcco;;;:enufd effluent limitations
PULP AND PAPER PROCESSING IfiUUSTRY
PRODUCT 10:1
process
LB. OF FIVE DAY BOD PER TO!! OF IT.r.'tlUCT
I. KRAFT PULPING AND Tf!C
MANUFACTURE OF:
Coarse Paper and Liner Board
Newsprint
Bleached h Unbleached Grades
Bleached Grades
U. sut the pulping a;:d the
MANUFACTURE OF:
Paper
Dissolving Pulp
|JJ. NEUTRAL SULFITE SEMI-CHEMICAL
!v- GROUMDWOOD
Unbleached
Bleached
Schedule A
5
5
9
11
35
60
1^1
2.5
4.5
Schedule B
6
8
10
12
40
80
25
5
6
v- OEINKING MILL
Vl. PAPERBOARD (No Deinking)
^1. PAPER MANUFACTURE
(From Purchased Pulp)
Coarse
Fine (
Hoo^ (
Tissue
<
8£ filled)
81 filled)
10
3
2
6
3
8
25
5
5
6
C
u
8
NOTES: (1) Groups I, IT, HI, and IV apply to integrated mills (combined
pulping and paporinaking operations).
(2) Groups V and VI refer to wastepaper processing plants.
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recommend-o effluent limitations
PULP AND PAPER PROCESSING INDUSTRY
^,cnc;i
:>S
LB._OjSUSPEf!DcU SOLIDS PER TON OF PROD!J_C_T
Schedule A Schedule D
KRAFT PULPING ArjD TI!E
MANUFACTURE OF:
Coarre Paper and Liner Board
Vtowsprint
> B1eac11od S Unbleached Grades
, Bleached Grades
SULFITE PULPING AND THE
MANUFACTURE OF:
Paper
Dissolving Pulp
NEUTRAL SULFITE SEMI-CHEMICAL
GROUND'.-'OOD
Unbleached
Bleached
LINKING MILL
PAPERBOARD (No Deinking)
PAPER MANUFACTURE
(From Purchased Pulp)
Coarse
Fine ( < 8% filled)
took ( > 8% filled)
Tissue
5
6
10
10
20
20
8
5
9
12
3
3
7
4
6
5
6
10
10
20
20
15
9
10
15
5
5
8
15
6
(1) Groups I, II, III, ana IV apply tcf integrated mills (combined pulping and
papennaking operations).
(2) Groups V and VI refer to wastcpaper processing plants.
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ijoniio^iKG.
1. Frequency. A daily sampling frequency shall ho maintained
for [X:U.-> |>11, and Suspended Solids and/or Settlcable Solids, except
when a 'lesser frequency is approved by the Adrninistrator or his
(les "itjncc.
?.. Sitppl e:rentaj I riformation.
a. Total organic carbon and/or cfu-uipal oxygen dcr.iand analyses may
be perfofir.cd by t!ie perr.rittro from the scuiz composite Sc'tuple
as the five-day COD analyses and at a frequency approved by the
Administrator or his designee.
b. If there is a question as to the applicability of parameters
listed below, then the permittee may be asked to submit
a list of chemicals used as product additives (e.g., phenols)
or for water conditioning (e.g., heavy metals). This list can
then be usee! as an aid to establish, by mill, effluent limits
and/or monitoring roquiregents.
Phenol
Color
Heavy Metals
Hutrients (ll&P)
Total Dissolved Solids
Toxici ty
Turbidity
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RATJO:i/vLL IISCI) J_l!_THE DLVrLOttiEKT OF EFFLUEMT LIMITATIONS
The foilc./irig is a clcscription of the rationale used in developing
the effluent limits achievable using best practicable pollution
control end treatment technology.
The following production process controls end treatment system
were used as a model in developing the recorrmended effluent
limitations for the Pulp ant! Paper Industry as contained in
Schedule A:
1. Heat and/or chemical recovery from pulping liquors,
efficient save-alls within the paper making process
and a high degree of water reuse,
2. primary clarification,
3. biological oxidation using aerated lagoons or activated
sludge,
4. secondary clarification,
5. disinfection, if necessary.
The system described above is a generalized model which is
-applicable to the entire industry. This system, however, sJi_ojjl_d
not be specified to a mill as "the. w«y" to abate their pollution
problem, but it can be used as en example. There are many
variations which may bo "tailored" to a mill to achieve the
desired results.
The effluent limitations for BOD and suspended sol ids'were based
on concentrations of 30 rrg/1 and 35 mg/l, respectively, which are
levels obtainable by a we'll designed and well operated system as
described above. The f'OD concentration level is readily achievable
regardless of the influent concentration unless the wastewater contains
an unusual or restrictive characteristic. Such characteristics
were considered in development of effluent limits for some processes
(e.g., deinking and sulfite pulping).
•The. treatment model for tissue mills, using purchased pulp, are
based on an expected effluent quality frcm efficient physical-
chemical treatment. The majority of the COD in this wastewater
is associated with fibrous materials and thus is amenable to this
type of treatment. The application of biological oxidation to this waste-
water would not significantly lower the effluent I'OD. The wastewater
is Also nutrient deficient and, therefore, subsequent nutrient
additions to support a biological system would result in an
additional leading on the receiving water.
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A unit pollutant lo-.d/\mit of f,reduction vns developed using a flow
"indicative of a production operation or groups of operations as
described in Schedule A. The flew volir.es v.'C-re developed froin data
contuine.d in (a) tUu "Survey of l-.'ater Utilization and 'Jaste Control
Practices in the Southern Pulp and Paper Industry"; (b) the "Industrial
Haste Survey of" the 'Ailp and Paper Industry (l-.'AKWA)"; (c) specific
data on mills involved in enforcement or llt'M investigations. The
effluent limitations are not additive hut represent the allowable load
based on the finished product, lhe "building block" approach was
not used because of insufficient data.
An examination of effluent data presentccjl in the Industrial Waste
Survey for the Pulp and Paper Industry indicates that 50» of the
mills surveyed, having essentially the system described above, are
meeting the requirements for £00 and suspended solids contained in
Schedule A. All mills utilizing activated sludce are meeting the
requirements in Schedule A. It should be eir.phasi7.ed that this
represents only a small- fraction of the mills in the industry. It
does, hov.ever, demonstrate the practicality and aclrievabi 1 ity of the
technology currently available and it represents a substantial
precedent.
Kraft mills which surpass requirements of Schedule A are, for
example: St. Regis Paper Company at Cantonment, Florida, which
is discharging 5,100 pounds of BOO per day at a production of 950
tons; and the Container Corporation of American Plant at Brewton,
Alabama, v/hich discharges 2,200 pounds of BOD per day for a production
of 1 ,050 tons per day. These plants are utilizing v;e 11 designed and
well operated technology in their treatment and process control
system. Recent enforcement negotiations with an tcid sulfite,
dissolved grade mill indicate that a waste control systc-n resulting
in an effluent of 59 pounds of BOO per ton of pulp is feasible.
The effluent limits given in Schedule B represent a'sdrvey
of treatment practices in the pulp and paper industry. These
limits arc based on existing facilities and are the levels which
the industry should be achieving today.
Also included for your use are charts of long-term BOD taken on
effluents from two paper mills in Ohio. These charts show the
five-day BOD of inadequately treated paper nill waste is a very
minute fraction of the total oxygen demand of the waste. This is
another rationale for requiring the maximum amount of practicable
treatment.
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ATTACHMENT >3
PULP AND PAPER MILL
EFFLUENT GUIDELINES
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Para^ter OaHv ~ 30.0a* — 30_^v ^
PART 43: - PULP. PAPER AND =APERBOARD FINAL REGULATIONS, PUBLISHED 5/29/7a. EFFECTIVE 5/29/74 ;A11 references to lb/ton are lb/ton of product)
Subpart A - Unbleached Kraft Subcategory
30C5 11 -2 lb/ton 5.6 lb/ton 5.4 lb/ton 2.7 lb/ ton 6.2 lb/ton 3.1 lb/ton
TSS 2*-0 lb/ton 12.0 lb/ton 7.4 lb/ton 3.7 lb/ton 15.0 lb/ton 7.5 ?b/ton
Color 30.0 lb/ton 20.0 lb/ton 30.0 lb/ton 20.0 lb/ton
PH 6.0 - 9.0 6.0 - 9.0 6.0 - 9.0
Subpart B - Sodium Based Neutral Sulfite Semi-Chemical Subcategory
8005 17.4 lb/ton 8.7 lb/ton 9.0 lb/ton 4.5 lb/ton 10.-4 lb/ton 5.2 lb/ton
TSS 22.0 lb/ton 11.0 lb/ton 10.0 lb/ton 5.0 lb/ton 15.4 lb/ton 7.7 lb/ton
Color 75 percent removal.
pH 6.0 - 9.0 6.0 - 9.0 6.0 - 9.0
Subpart C - Ammonia Base Neutral Sulfite Semi-Chemical Subcategory
B005 16.0 lb/ton 3.0 lb/ton 12.8 lb/ton 6.4 lb/ton 15.T) "H>/ton 7.5 lb/ton
TSS 20.0 lb/ton 10.0 lb/ton 10.4 lb/ton 5.2 lb/ton 15.0 lb/ton 7.5 lb/ton
Color 75 percent removal.
pH 6.0 - 9.0 6.0 - 9.0 6.0 - 9.0
- 116 -
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Parameter
Daily
*8PT
30 Day
Dai 1 y
BAT
30 Day
PART 430 - PULP. PAPER AND PAP.S33QARD (Continued)
Subpart D - Unbleached Kra*t--Heutral Sulfite Seri-Chercical (Cross Recovery) Subcategory
B0D5 16.0 lb/ton 8.0 lb/ton
TSS 25.0 lb/ton 12.5 lb/ton
Color
pH 6.0 - 9.0
Subpart E - Paperboard From Waste Paper Subcategory
6.0 lb/ton 3.0 lb/ton
TSS 10.0 lb/ton 5.0 lb/ton
pH 6.0 - 9.0
B0D5
6.4 lb/ton
8.4 lb/ton
37.5 lb/ton
6.0 - 9.0
2.6 lb/ton
3.2 lb/ton
3.2 lb/ton
4.2 lb/ton
25.0 lb/ton
1.3 lb/ton
1.6 lb/ton
Daily
7.6 lb/ton
16.0 lb/ton
37.5 lb/ton
3.0 lb/ton
8.0 lb/ton
New Sources
30 Dav
6.0 - 9.0
3.S lb/ton
8.0 lb/ton
25.0 lb/ton
1.5 lb/ton
4.0 lb/ton
6.0 - 9.0
6.0 - 9.0
- 117 -
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