VOLUME IV-A
OCCURRENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF
GROUND WATER IN THE
WIND RIVER BASIN, WYOMING
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'S< VOLUME IV-A
OCCURRENCE AND CHARACTERISTICS OF
GROUND WATER IN THE
WIND RIVER BASIN, WYOMING
by
Henry R. Richter, Jr.
Water Resources Research Institute
University of Wyoming
Supervised by
Peter W. Huntoon
Department of Geology
University of Wyoming
Project Manager
Craig Eisen
Water Resources Research Institute
University of Wyoming
Report to
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Contract Number G 008269-79
Project Officer
Paul Osborne
August, 1981
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Greg Bernaski conscientiously assisted in obtaining and compiling
various agency data used in the figures and text of this report.
The data used in Tables III-l, III-2, III-5, III-6, and VI-5 were
collected by Lynn Boyd, Wyoming Water Resources Research Institute.
This report was prepared by the Wyoming Water Resources Research
Institute, Paul A. Rechard, Director.
i
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER Page
I. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 1
II. INTRODUCTION 9
GENERAL 10
Location 10
Geographic Setting 12
Surface Drainage 12
Climate 14
Population and Employment 14
Land Use and Ownership 14
GEOLOGY 17
Stratigraphy 17
Structure 19
Hydrostratigraphy 19
III. WATER USE 27
DOMESTIC WATER USE 29
INDUSTRIAL WATER USE 40
Uranium Industry 40
Iron Ore Industry 40
Petroleum Industry 42
AGRICULTURAL WATER USE 42
Livestock 42
Irrigation 44
IV. AQUIFERS 45
FLATHEAD AQUIFER 54
TENSLEEP AQUIFER SYSTEM 55
PHOSPHORIA AQUIFER 69
SUNDANCE-NUGGET AQUIFER 71
CLOVERLY AQUIFER 72
ii
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CHAPTER Page
MUDDY AQUIFER 74
FRONTIER AQUIFER 75
MESAVERDE AQUIFER 77
FORT UNION-LANCE AQUIFER 80
WIND RIVER AQUIFER 81
ARIKAREE AQUIFER 84
QUATERNARY DEPOSITS 86
V. GROUND-WATER CIRCULATION 89
FACTORS INFLUENCING PERMEABILITY 90
REGIONAL GROUND-WATER CIRCULATION 91
Ground-Water Circulation in the Quaternary . . .
Deposits and Arikaree Aquifer 93
VI. WATER QUALITY 97
REGIONAL WATER QUALITY 98
FLATHEAD AQUIFER 100
TENSLEEP AQUIFER SYSTEM 100
PHOSPHORIA AQUIFER 103
SUNDANCE-NUGGET AQUIFER 105 ,
CLOVERLY AQUIFER 106
MUDDY AQUIFER 108
FRONTIER AQUIFER 109
MESAVERDE AQUIFER HI
FORT UNION-LANCE AQUIFER 113
WIND RIVER AQUIFER 115
ARIKAREE AQUIFER 119
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CHAPTER Page
QUATERNARY DEPOSITS 121
Glacial Units 121
Alluvial and Terrace Units 123
PRIMARY DRINKING WATER STANDARDS 126
SECONDARY DRINKING WATER STANDARDS 130
Total Dissolved Solids 130
Chloride 130
Sulfate 131
RADIONUCLIDE ANALYSES 131
VII. REFERENCES 139
APPENDIX A: WELL AND SPRING NUMBERING SYSTEM A-1
APPENDIX B: CHEMICAL ANALYSES FOR SELECTED WELLS
AND SPRINGS, WIND RIVER BASIN,
WYOMING B-l
APPENDIX C: HYDROLOGIC DATA ARRANGED BY FORMATION
FOR SELECTED WATER WELLS, WIND
RIVER BASIN, WYOMING C-l
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
II-l Location of study area and principal surface
drainages, Wind River basin, Wyoming 11
II-2 Ages, lithologies, and thicknesses of the rocks
exposed in the Wind River basin, Wyoming 18
II-3 Index map showing intermontane structural
basins in Wyoming 20
II-4 Geologic cross sections, Wind River basin,
Wyoming 21
II-5 Index map showing locations of geologic cross
sections, Wind River basin, Wyoming 22
II-6 Hydrologic roles and ages of the rocks in the
Wind River basin, Wyoming 24
III-l Percent total water use arranged by economic
sector 30
V—1 Generalized ground-water flow directions in the
Lower Cretaceous rocks, Wind River basin, Wyoming. . 92
V-2 Potentiometric surface contours for the Arikaree
aquifer, Wind River basin, Wyoming 95
VI-1 Trilinear diagram showing chemical characteristics
of ground waters from selected wells and springs
that discharge from the Tensleep aquifer system,
Wind River basin, Wyoming 101
VI-2 Trilinear diagram showing chemical characteristics
of ground waters from selected wells and springs
that discharge from the Phosphoria aquifer, Wind
River basin, Wyoming 104
VI-3 Trilinear diagram showing chemical characteristics
of ground waters from selected wells and springs
that discharge from the Cloverly aquifer, Wind
River basin, Wyoming 107
VI-4 Trilinear diagram showing chemical characteristics
of ground waters from selected wells and springs
that discharge from the Frontier aquifer, Wind
River basin, Wyoming 110
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Figure Page
VI-5 Trilinear diagram showing chemical characteristics
of ground waters from selected wells and springs
that discharge from the Mesaverde aquifer, Wind
River basin, Wyoming 112
VI-6 Trilinear diagram showing chemical characteristics
of ground waters from selected wells and springs
that discharge from the Fort Union-Lance aquifer,
Wind River basin, Wyoming 114
VI-7 Trilinear diagram showing chemical characteristics
of ground waters from selected wells and springs
that discharge from the Wind River aquifer, Wind
River basin, Wyoming 115
VI-8 Trilinear diagram showing chemical characteristics
of ground waters from selected wells and springs
that discharge from the Arikaree aquifer, Wind
River basin, Wyoming 120
VI-9 Trilinear diagram showing chemical characteristics
of ground waters from selected wells and springs
that discharge from Quaternary deposits, Wind River
basin, Wyoming 122
VI-10 Map showing locations of ground-water samples
where fluoride and nitrate concentrations exceed
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1976)
primary drinking water standards 129
VI-11 Map showing locations of ground-water samples
where uranium (U.0„) concentrations exceed 0.010
mg/1 137
vi
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
II-l Bighorn River basin surface drainage diversions
by tributary rank and downstream order, Wind
River basin, Wyoming 13
II-2 Population by county and town, Wind River
basin, Wyoming 15
II-3 Land ownership, Wind River basin, Wyoming 16
III-l Permitted community public water supply systems,
Wind River basin, Wyoming 32
III-2 Permitted noncommunity public water supply
systems, Wind River basin, Wyoming 35
III-3 Summary of water use arranged by domestic sector
and source of water, Wind River basin, Wyoming ... 38
III-4 Estimated number of permitted private domestic
use water wells arranged by formation, Wind
River basin, Wyoming 39
III-5 Estimated water use for various industries,
Wind River basin, Wyoming 41
III-6 Estimated water consumption by livestock, Wind
River basin, Wyoming 43
IV-1 Ages, thicknesses, lithologies, and hydrologic
properties of the rocks exposed in the Wind
River basin, Wyoming 47
IV-2 Water-encountered reports arranged by formation
for selected petroleum test wells drilled in
the Wind River basin, Wyoming 57
IV-3 Hydrologic data arranged by formation for selected
oil and gas fields, Wind River basin, Wyoming. ... 53
VI-1 Relationship between water type and total
dissolved solids for ground waters in the
Wind River aquifer, Wind River basin, Wyoming- ... 118
VI-2 Relationship between well depth, lithology, and
total dissolved solids for selected alluvial and
terrace wells, Wind River basin, Wyoming 125
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Table Page
VI-3 Primary and secondary drinking water standards
established by U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (1976) 127
VI-4 Results of chemical analyses arranged by formation
in which sulfate concentrations exceed U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (1976) secondary
drinking water standards 132
VI-5 Radionuclide concentrations in ground waters
from selected wells and springs, Wind River
basin, Wyoming 134
viii
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LIST OF PLATES*
Plate
A-l Elevation of the top of the Lower Cretaceous Cloverly
Formation and locations of major oil and gas fields,
Wind River basin, Wyoming.
B-l Location of permitted water wells with domestic use,
Wind River basin, Wyoming.
C-l Total dissolved solids contour map for ground water in
the Tensleep aquifer system, Wind River basin, Wyoming.
C-2 Total dissolved solids contour map for ground water in
the Phosphoria aquifer, Wind River basin, Wyoming.
C-3 Total dissolved solids map for ground water in the
Cloverly aquifer, Wind River basin, Wyoming.
C-4 Total dissolved solids map for ground water in the
Muddy aquifer, Wind River basin, Wyoming.
C-5 Total dissolved solids map for ground water in the Frontier
aquifer, Wind River basin, Wyoming.
C-6 Total dissolved solids map for ground water in the Fort
Union-Lance aquifer, Wind River basin, Wyoming.
C-7 Total dissolved solids map for ground water in the Wind
River aquifer, Wind River basin, Wyoming.
C-8 Total dissolved solids map for ground water in the Arikaree
aquifer, Wind River basin, Wyoming.
C-9 Total dissolved solids map for ground water in the
Quaternary deposits, Wind River basin, Wyoming.
*Plates contained in Volume IV-B.
ix
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I. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
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I. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
1. Eleven aquifers and one aquifer system are identified by this
report in the Wind River basin, Wyoming. The aquifers are the (1)
Flathead, (2) Phosphoria, (3) Sundance-Nugget, (4) Cloverly, (5) Muddy,
(6) Frontier, (7) Mesaverde, (8) Fort Union-Lance, (9) Wind River, (10)
Arikaree, and (11) Quaternary deposits. The aquifer system is herein
referred to as the Tensleep aquifer system and is comprised of the (a)
Tensleep, (b) Amsden, (c) Madison, (d) Darby, and (e) Bighorn subaquifers.
Recharge to the various aquifers occurs by (1) infiltration of
precipitation directly into outcrops of the units, (2) leakage of water
from adjacent units, and (3) stream losses into permeable units.
With the exception of the Quaternary and Arikaree aquifers, the
various saturated units underlie the entire basin and crop out along
the flanks of the Wind River Mountains, Owl Creek Mountains, Gas Hills,
and Casper Arch. The Quaternary deposits are geographically confined
to major surface drainage areas, whereas the Arikaree aquifer is present
only in the Granite Mountains area.
The various aquifers are stratigraphically separated from each
other by regional leaky confining layers. The confining layers are
generally characterized by massive sequences of relatively impermeable
shale and silcstone. Major confining layers include the (1) Cody
Shale, (2) Mowry Shale, (3) Thermopolis Shale, and (4) Chugwater Group.
Although this report is primarily concerned with the identifica-
tion and characterization of regional aquifers, virtually all
2
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stratigraphic units in the basin are locally capable of yielding small
quantities of water to wells and springs.
The most productive aquifers in the basin are the (1) Wind River,
(2) members of the Tensleep aquifer system, (3) Arikaree, and (4)
Quaternary aquifers. Reported production for selected wells completed
in these aquifers range up to several thousand gallons/minute.
2. Permeabilities in the rocks in the basin are locally dominated
by fractures associated with faults and folds. Fracture permeabilities
are typically several orders of magnitude larger than adjacent
unfractured rocks.
With the exception of the Quaternary and Arikaree aquifers, the
rocks comprising the sedimentary section have small interstitial
permeabilities. Sandstone units are generally tightly cemented by
calcium-carbonate and silica cement. Permeabilities in well-cemented
2
saturated sandstones are generally less than 10 gallons/day/foot .
Interstitial permeabilities in the Quaternary and Arikaree aquifers
are relatively large because the Quaternary deposits are unconsolidated,
whereas the Arikaree aquifer is poorly consolidated. Permeabilities
in the Quaternary and Arikaree aquifers range up to several hundred
2
gallons/day/foot .
3. Estimated water use in the basin is about 1.7 x 10^ acre-feet/
year. This total is based on estimated domestic, industrial, and
4
agricultural use. About 20 percent or 3.4 x 10 acre-feet/year of the
total water demand is supplied by ground water.
The total water use estimate is at best conservative. This is
because both ground- and surface-water rights within the Wind River
Indian Reservation are currently being challenged in the Wind River
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Adjudication suit. Because of this suit federal, state, and local
authorities were unable to release current water use data for-the
reservation.. As a result, much of the reported water use data for
the reservation is incomplete and dated.
3
Estimated domestic water use is 7.6 x 10 acre-feet/year. About
3
72 percent or 5.5 x 10 acre-feet/year of the domestic water demand is
supplied by ground water. The Wind River and Quaternary aquifers
supply the largest quantity of ground water for domestic use.
Principal industries using ground and surface water are petroleum,
uranium, and iron ore companies. Estimated water use for the various
4 4
industries is 2.2 x 10 acre-feet/year. About 91 percent or 2 x 10
acre-feet/year of the industrial water demand is supplied by ground
water. Petroleum companies are the principal industrial user of
ground water in the basin. Major sources of ground water for industrial
use include (1) Quaternary deposits and (2) the Wind River, Frontier,
Cloverly, Phosphoria, Tensleep, and Madison aquifers.
Agricultural water use is about 1.4 x 10^ acre-feet/year. Ground-
water sources supply about 3 percent of the agricultural water demand.
Principal sources of ground water developed by the agriculture industry
are the Wind River, Arikaree, and Quaternary aquifers.
4. Water qualities vary widely within and between the various
saturated units. In general, ground water with total dissolved solids
less than 500 mg/1 are encountered in outcrops of the Flathead,
Tensleep, Frontier, Arikaree, and Quaternary aquifers along the flanks
of the Wind River and Owl Creek mountains. This is because the
flanks are major recharge areas where residence times are short and
flow rates are great. Water qualities in the aquifers deteriorate
4
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basinward as residence times increase and flow rates decrease. As
the water flows basinward, soluble salts leach from the aquifer
matrices and adjacent confining layers, and there is enrichment of
poor quality waters leaking from adjacent units. In general, total
dissolved solids increase as ground-water flow length increases.
Ground waters in the Flathead aquifer are calcium-bicarbonate
and sodium-sulfate-bicarbonate rich. Water qualities are generally
very good with total idssolved solids less than 500 mg/1.
Ground waters in the Tensleep aquifer system are of three pre-
dominant types: (1) calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate, (2) calcium-
magnesium-sulfate, and (3) sodium-sulfate. Good quality water with
dissolved solids less than 500 mg/1 is generally encountered along the
flanks of the Owl Creek and Wind River mountains. Water quality
deteriorates basinward and with increased drilling depths. Tensleep
waters are distinguishable from waters in the overlying Phosphoria
aquifer on the basis of sodium and sulfate concentrations.
Ground waters in the Phosphoria aquifer are predominantly mixed
cation-bicarbonate type. Water quality is generally poor with
dissolved solids concentrations greater than 2,000 mg/1. Water quality
improves (dissolved solids less than 1,500 mg/1) in densely fractured
parts of the aquifer.
Ground waters in the Sundance-Nugget, Cloverly, Muddy, and Frontier
aquifers are predominantly sodium-chloride, sodium-sulfate, sodium-
bicarbonate, and sodium-sulfate-bicarbonate rich. Water quality is
generally poor with dissolved solids concentrations greater than 2,000
mg/1. Major factors influencing water qualities are: (1) lithology,
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(2) long residence times, and (3) leakage of poor quality waters from
adjacent units.
Mesaverde aquifer waters are sodium-sulfate-bicarbonate rich. The
gross chemical character of the water is controlled by dissolution of
calcite, dolomite, and gypsum from the aquifer matrix with cation
exchange of sodium for calcium and magnesium.
Water qualities in the Fort Union-Lance aquifer are highly vari-
able, as evident by total dissolved solids concentrations ranging from
500 to 20,500 mg/1. Dissolved solids concentrations less than 1,000
mg/1 are encountered in areas where the aquifer crops out. Dissolved
solids increase basinward and with drilling depths to the aquifer.
Fort Union-Lance aquifer waters are sodium-sulfate, sodium-chloride,
and sodium-bicarbonate rich.
Water qualities in the Wind River aquifer are highly variable.
Principal factors controlling water qualities are lithology and recharge
mechanisms. Correlation exists between major anion water chemistries
and total dissolved solids concentrations. For example, (1) the domi-
nant anion in waters with dissolved solids less than 800 mg/1 is
bicarbonate, (2) the dominant anion in waters with dissolved solids
greater than 2,000 mg/1 is sulfate, and (3) anion composition is mixed
in waters with dissolved solids ranging between 800 and 2,000 mg/1.
Arikaree aquifer waters are calcium-bicarbonate and sodium-sulfate
rich. Water qualities are generally very good with dissolved solids
concentrations less than 500 mg/1.
Water qualities in the Quaternary deposits are highly variable and
dependent on (1) lithology, (2) geographic location, (3) depth to water,
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and (4) recharge mechanisms. Total dissolved solids concentrations
range from about 200 to 3,300 mg/1.
7
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II. INTRODUCTION
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II. INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this report is to provide baseline information
for the implementation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Underground Injection Control program. Synthesized herein are the
hydrogeologic properties of the sedimentary rocks, chemical qualities
of ground waters, and quantification of ground-water use by source
and economic sector. Interpretations and conclusions in this report
are based mainly on the author's assessment of existing structural
and hydrogeologic data. Field work, undertaken during the course
of this study was conducted during June 1 to June 15, 1981.
Funding for this report was provided by the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency through contract G-008269-79.
This report is the fourth in a series of seven ground-water
investigations conducted by Wyoming Water Resources Research Institute,
summarizing known hydrogeologic conditions within the ten structural
basins of Wyoming.
GENERAL
Location
The location of the study area is shown on Figure II-l. The
area is entirely contained within the region between latitudes
42°30* and 43°30' and longitudes 106°30' and 109°30'. The area encom-
passes approximately 7,900 square miles of state, federal, and privately
owned lands situated in Fremont and the western part of Natrona counties,
Wyoming. All discussions in this report refer to the area within these
boundaries, herein referred to as the basin, unless otherwise stated.
10
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Figure II-1. Location of study area and principal surface drainages,
Wind River basin, Wyoming.
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Geographic Setting
The physiography of the basin is dominated by a relatively flat,
rolling hills interior with less than several hundred feet of topog-
raphic relief, and rugged bounding mountain ranges with maximum
topographic relief of about 6,000 feet. Elevations within the basin
interior generally range between 5,400 and 6,000 feet, whereas eleva-
tions greater than 10,000 feet are common in the various bounding
mountain ranges.
The basin is bounded to the east by the northwest-trending Casper
Arch; to the west by the northwest-trending Wind River Mountains; to
the south by the east-trending Granite Mountains; and to the north by
the east-trending Owl Creek Mountains. The Casper Arch, and the Wind
River, Granite, and Owl Creek mountains, respectively, separate the
basin from the Powder River, Green River, Washakie-Red Desert, and
Bighorn structural basins.
Surface Drainage
The basin is situated in the Missouri River drainage system,
Bighorn River basin. Principal surface-water drainages within the
basin are shown on "Figure II-l.
The Bighorn River basin is informally divided into four drainage
divisions (Wyoming State Engineer, 1972), one of which is included
in the Wind River basin. Table II-l summarizes the various divisions.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture and others (1974), the Wyoming
State Engineer (1972), and the Wyoming Department of Economic Plan-
ning and Development (1969) provide detailed descriptions of the
surface-water drainage basins.
12
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Table II-l. Bighorn River basin surface drainage divisions by
tributary rank and downstream order, Wind River basin,
Wyoming.
Missouri River System
Bighorn River Basin
Wind River Division
Du Noir Creek
Horse Creek
Wiggins Fork
Dinwoody Creek
Crow Creek
Bull Lake Creek
Little Wind River
North Fork
South Fork
Popo Agie River
North Popo Agie River
Little Popo Agie River
Beaver Creek
Muskrat Creek
Fivemile Creek
Poison Creek
Badwater Creek
Muddy Creek
Bighorn River Divisiona
Little Bighorn River Division3
£
Clarks Fork River Division
aNot included in study area.
13
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Climate
The climate of the basin ranges from semi-arid continental in
the basin interior to humid-alpine in the various bounding mountain
ranges. Elevation is the principal control for local climatic
conditions.
Annual precipitation in the basin interior is less than 8 inches;
10 to 15 inches is common along the elevated flanks of the basin;
60 inches is common along the high peaks of the bounding mountain
ranges (U.S. Department of Agriculture and others, 1974).
The weighted annual temperature in the basin (Riverton, Wyoming,
station) is 38.7°F for the period 1970 to 1979. Mean monthly tempera-
tures range between 7°F in January and 71.4°F in July, although
extreme temperatures for the same period are -31°F and 104°F.
Population and Employment
Much of the basin is sparsely populated. According to preliminary
1980 Census figures, about 39,000 people or approximately 5 persons
per square mile reside in the basin. About 27,000 people, representing
70 percent of the basin population, reside in cities and unincorporated
towns. Population distribution is summarized by town on Table II-2.
Major industries in the basin include agriculture, energy produc-
tion, and retail trade. These industries employ about 70 percent of
the employable population in the basin.
Land Use and Ownership
About 49 percent of the land in the basin is privately owned.
Federally owned lands account for about 47 percent of the basin. Table
II-3 summarizes land ownership by federal, state, and private sector.
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Table II-2. Population by county and town, Wind River basin, Wyoming.3
County
Town 1970 1980 1990
Fremont 28,352 39,074 52,350
Dubois 898 1,067 1,600
Ethete-Fort Washakie - 2,439 3,700
Hudson 381 513 800
Lander 7,125 7,943 10,000
Pavillion 181 277 350
Riverton 7,995 9,569 13,200
Shoshoni 562 875 2,000
Jeffery Cityb - 2,967 5,700
Natrona 51,264 71,589 90,400
b
Powder River - 50
Sources of data include U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the
Census, 19 70 Census, Preliminary 1980 Census; Wyoming Department of
Administration and Fiscal Control, Wyoming Population and Employment
Forecast Report, June 1980; Institute of Policy Research, University
of Wyoming; Fremont County Clerk.
Unincorporated town.
15
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Table II-3. Land ownership, Wind River basin, Wyoming.
Land Owner
Square Miles
Percent
Basin
Federal
Bureau of Land Management
National Forest Service
Other
2,300
1,360
16
29
17
State
315
Private
Private
Indian Reservation
1,150
2,660
15
34
Sources of data include Wyoming State Engineer (1972), U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture and others (1974).
k* = less than 1 percent.
16
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About 55 percent of the land within the basin is utilized for
agricultural purposes. Although most of the agricultural land is
unimproved, sagebrush-covered grazing land, about 6 percent of the
basin is irrigated cropland. Eighty-five percent of the cropland is
located within the boundaries of the Wind River Indian Reservation.
Industrial, residential, and recreational areas occupy nearly all of
the nonagricultural land.
GEOLOGY
This report is primarily concerned with the physical properties
of the rocks within the basin as they relate to the occurrence of
ground water and incidentally with the problems of stratigraphy and
lithology. As a result the reader is referred to the following for
detailed summaries of regional stratigraphic data: Paleozoic rocks,
Keefer and Van Lieu (1966); Mesozoic rocks, Love and others (1945 a,
b, c, 1947), Thompson and others (1949), Keefer and Rich (1957), Yenne
and Pipiringos (1954) , Keefer (1965); Cenozoic rocks, Van Houten
(1964) , Keefer (1957), Tourtelot (1957) .
Stratigraphy
Sedimentary rocks within the basin range in age from Cambrian to
Recent, and are summarized on Figure II-2. The sedimentary sequence
is about 18,000 feet thick. Descriptions of the rocks appear in
Chapter IV, Table IV-1. Stratigraphic nomenclature used here conforms
to Love and others (1955), Keefer and Van Lieu (1966), and Denson
(1965). See their works for citations of original sources.
17
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* / N
PRE CAMBRIAN
CRYSTALLINE
ROCK
CONGLOMERATE
sandstone
w/large-scale
CROSS-BEOS
SP Ty7 ^
LENTICULAR
CONGLOMERATES
LENTICULAR
COAL BEOS
GRADATlONAL
COKTACT
UMCOMFORMITY
Figure II-2. Ages, lithologies, and thicknesses of the rocks
exposed in the Wind River basin, Wyoming.
18
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Structure
The Wind River basin is an intermontane structural basin. Its
location relative to other intermontane structural basins in Wyoming
is shown on Figure II-3.
The basin is a broad, asymmetric structural depression that
contains about 18,000 feet of Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic sedi-
ments that rest unconformably on Precambrian crystalline basement
rocks. Paleozoic and Mesozoic formations dip basinward at angles of
about 10 to 20 degrees along the south and west margins of the basin;
along the north and east margins the units are often vertical to
overturned. According to Keefer (1970) the main trough of the basin
lies 3 to 15 miles south of the Owl Creek Mountains and intersects
the north end of the Casper Arch at a right angle. Along the main
trough the elevation of the top of the Precambrian rocks is 24,000
feet below sea level. Maximum structural relief here is 30,000 to
35,000 feet.
Individual structural features within the basin are too numerous
to be discussed here. The structural geology of the basin is sum-
marized on Figure II-4 and Plate A-l, which respectively show geologic
cross-sections and the structural elevation of the top of the Cretaceous
Cloverly Formation.
Hydrostratigraphy
The sedimentary sequence within the basin is comprised of perme-
able saturated rocks herein referred to as aquifers, and relatively
impermeable rocks herein referred to as leaky confining layers. The
19
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50
(miles)
Figure II-3. Index map showing intermontane structural basins in
Wyoming.
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North Fork Steamboat Butte Little Dome Blocktail Modden
Synclme Anticline Anticline Anticline Anticline
15.000
Gromte Mountains
Owl Creek Mountoins
Granite Mountain*
South E
West Poison Cosper
Spider Anticline Creek
Anticline
*5,000
r- <5,000
- 5,000
- 0
- -5,000
[13
- -15,000
f"l
-
L -25,000
s
s
5U
EXPLANATION
Tertiary rocks undivided
(Pre-fori Union Formation)
Fort Union Formation
Meeteetie, Mesoverde, and
Cody Formations undivided
Mesozoic rocks undivided
(Pro-Cody Formation)
Poleozoic rocks undivided
Precambnan
Foult
arrows show relative movement
Figure II-4. Geologic cross sections, Wind River basin, Wyoming (adapted from Keefer, 1970).
Locations of cross sections are shown in Figure II-5.
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ho
to
0 5 10
1 L-,—L_
20
30 Miles
i 1 n
10 20 30 40 Kilometers
Figure II-5.
Index map showing locations of geologic cross sections,
Wind River basin, Wyoming.
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stratigraphic position of the various aquifers and leaky confining
layers are shown on Figure II-6.
By definition an aquifer is a formation, group of formations, or
part of a formation that contains sufficient saturated permeable
material to yield significant quantities of water to wells and springs
(Lohman and others, 1972). This definition is, of course, vague
because the word "sufficient" must be defined by the user. It is
important to understand that aquifers are not dependent on formational
boundaries, but rather they are dependent on permeability character-
istics and recharge-discharge mechanisms.
An aquifer system as defined here is comprised of a series of
aquifers that (1) are hydraulically connected, (2) have similar
hydraulic properties, (3) are areally extensive, (4) have similar
water quality characteristics, and (5) are sealed from younger and
older water-bearing formations by confining layers.
A leaky confining layer as defined here is a formation, group of
formations, or part of a formation that has a lower ability to transmit
water than the aquifers that it separates. Although confining layers
have small permeabilities they are not impermeable. Given sufficient
area and time, a confining layer is usually capable of leaking large
quantities of water to adjacent units.
Virtually all of the sedimentary rocks in the basin are capable
of yielding at least small quantities of ground water to wells. Even
wells completed in predominantly shale and siltstone units, given
sufficient time, will produce water. For example, as shown on Figure
II-6, the Cody Shale and Thermopolis Shale are leaky confining layers;
23
-------
AGE
GEOLOGIC UNIT
HYDROLOGIC ROLE
T artlary
Upper
Cretaceous
Lower
Creto ceous
Jurassic
T riossic
Permian
Pennsylvania**
Mississtppian
Devonian
Siturjg n"
Ordovicion
Cambrian
Precombnan
Wind River Formation
Indian Meadows Formation
Fort Union Formation
Formation
teetse Formation
Mesaverde Formation
Cody Shale
Niobrara Formation
F ront te r Form a(ion
Mowry Shale
Muddy Sandstone
Thermopolis Shale
Cloverly Formotion
Morrison Formation
Sundance Formation
Gypsum spring formation
mimirirrxaT
Nugget Sandstone
Chugwoter
Group
Pqpo AQ'6 Formation
Crow Mf. Formotion \
Alcova Limestone
Red Peak Formation
Dinwoody Formotion
Phoaphona
Formation
Park City
Formation
Goose
Formation
iCTIIirixDXDxr^
Ten sleep Sandstone
Amsden Formotion
Madison Limestone
/
Oarwln Sandstwe^-p^
man
Darby Formation
Bighorn Dolomite
Gallotine Limestone
Gros Ventre Formotion
Flathoad Sondstono
-ttttttttttttTTTTTTT
Aqui fer
Leaky Confimg Layer
Aquifer
Leaky Confining Layer
Aquifer
Leoky Confining Layer
Aquifer
Leaky Confining Layer
Aquifer
Leaky Confining Layer
Aquifer-
Leaky Confining Layer
Aquifor
Leaky Confining Layer
Leoky Confining Layer
Aquifer
Leaky Confining Layer
Aquifer
System
.Leaky Confining Layer
A q u \ f or
Figure II-6. Hydrologic roles and ages of the rocks in the
Wind River basin, Wyoming.
24
-------
however, according to the Wyoming State Engineer's Office (1981),
there are about 100 stock and domestic wells completed in these units.
The principal distinction between aquifers and confining layers
is permeability. The aquifers are, of course, saturated and perme-
able, whereas the confining layers are saturated but have negligible
to small permeabilities. Obviously, the larger the permeability, the
greater the potential for ground water to circulate through the rock
unit when subjected to differences in hydraulic head.
25
-------
III. WATER USE
-------
III. WATER USE
A principal objective of this report was to quantify water use
in the Wind River basin by economic sector and geologic source. The
following methodology was used to accomplish this objective: (1)
obtain available data for permitted water wells with domestic and stock
use from the Wyoming State Engineer's Office; (2) obtain available
public water supply data for community and non-community water systems
from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region VIII, Water
Supply Division; (3) obtain available industrial water use data by
contacting various state agencies and all major industries within the
basin; (4) obtain available agricultural water use data from the Wyoming
State Engineer's Office, county irrigation district offices, and the
Soil Conservation Service; (5) identify the ground-water sources
developed by the previously mentioned domestic, industrial, and agri-
cultural sectors based on (a) well location, (b) well depth, and (c)
regional and site-specific geology; and (6) quantify water use based
on reported and inferred well yields.
Because both ground- and surface-water rights within the Wind
River Indian Reservation are currently being challenged in the Wind
River Adjudication suit, federal, state, and local authorities were
unable to release current water use data for the reservation. As a
result, much of the reported water use data for the reservation is
incomplete and dated; therefore, total basin water use estimates are,
at best, conservative.
28
-------
Both grcund and surface water are used in the basin for domestic,
industrial, and agricultural purposes. Surface water provides much
of the water consumed; however, most surface water is geographically
confined to major drainage areas, and withdrawals are restricted by
interstate compacts. Conversely, ground water exists throughout the
basin but extensive development is hindered by (1) inadequate
delineation of developable aquifers, (2) drilling and development
costs, (3) ground-water qualities, and (A) water development policies
that emphasize utilization of surface water.
Estimated total water use in the basin is about 1.7 x 10^ acre-
feet/year. This total is based on estimated domestic, industrial, and
agricultural use (Wyoming State Engineer's Office, 1981 and various;
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1980; U.S. Department of Agri-
culture and others, 1980; Wyoming Crop and Livestock Reporting Service,
1980; Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, various; Soil
Conservation Service, various; Fremont and Natrona County Officers,
tj.
various). About 20 percent or 3.4 x 10 acre-feet/year of the total
water demand in the basin is supplied by ground water. Total water
use arranged by economic sector, percent ground-water use, and percent
surface-water use is summarized on Figure III-l.
DOMESTIC WATER USE
Domestic water supplies are divided into public and private
systems. Public systems are subdivided into community and noncommunity
systems. A community system as used here serves 25 or more permanent
residents, whereas a noncommunity system serves less than 25 permanent
residents, but may serve a transient population of 25 or more.
29
-------
Economic Sector
DOMESTIC
INDUSTRY
AGRICULTURE
Percent total
water use
4
12
84
Percent ground water
use by respective
sector
72
90
97
Percent surface water
use by respective
sector
18
10
3
Figure III-l. Percent total water use arranged by economic sector.
Shaded areas designate percent ground-water use; unshaded
areas designate surface-water use. Agriculture water use
is a consumptive estimate and does not include system losses
and return flow.
30
-------
Noncommunity systems include restaurants, hotels, bars, schools, and
campgrounds.
There are a total of 30 community (Table III-l) and 50 noncommunity
(Table III-2) water supply systems in the basin. Sources of water
used by the various community and noncommunity systems, respectively,
are compiled in Tables III-l and III-2.
Based on data presented in Table III-l, total water use for
3
community public water supply systems is about 4.1 x 10 acre-feet/
3
year. Ground-water sources supply about 2.1 x 10 acre-feet/year,
3
whereas surface-water sources supply about 2.0 x 10 acre-feet/year.
2
Total water use for noncommunity systems is about 1.7 x 10 acre-
feet/year (Table III-2) . About 52 percent (9.1 x 10"^ acre-feet/year)
of the noncommunity water demand is supplied by ground water.
A summary of water use by domestic sector and source of water is
compiled in Table III-3. Based on data presented in Tables III-3 and
III-4, the Wind River Formation supplies the greatest quantity of
ground water for domestic use, with Quaternary deposits the second
greatest source.
The total number of permitted private domestic water wells in
the basin is 3,500 (Wyoming State Engineer's Office, 1981). Permitted
private domestic wells for which location and water source are known
are shown on Plate B-l. A summary of the number of water wells accord-
ing to formation is compiled in Table III-4. Insufficient data exist
to allow accurate quantification of total water consumption for permitted
private domestic use. However, based on the population estimate of
about 16,400 rural residents and assuming that these residents are
supplied by private domestic wells and have an average per capita
31
-------
Table III-l. Permitted community public water supply systems in the Wind River basin, Wyoming.3
COUNTY Average Production
Population
Name of Facility Location Source gal/day ac-ft/yr Served
FREMONT
Village of Arapahoe
1S-4E-23
Little Wind River
142,020
159
789
Dubois
41-106-6
41-106-7
41-107-1
41-107-2
Quaternary deposits
Quaternary deposits
Wind River Formation
Wind River Formation
6 7,000°
75c
1,200
Hudson
34-98-20
Quaternary deposits
75,000
84
500
Jeffery City
29-92-15
Arikaree Formation
90,000
101
300
Lander
32-100-3
32-100-9
33-100-25
33-100-25
Popo Agie River
Popo Agie River
Tensleep Sandstone
Amsden Formation
150,000°
1,680°
8,000
Pavillion
3N-2E-7
Wind River Formation
20,000
22
320
Riverton
1N-4E-18
1N-4E-27
1N-4E-29
1N-4E-34
1N-4E-35
Wind River Formation
Wind River Formation
Quaternary deposits
Quaternary deposits
Wind River Formation
1,000,000
1,120
10,000
Shoshoni
38-94-29
3N-6E-15
Wind River Formation
Wind River Formation
240,000
269
1,100
Arapahoe Utility
Organization
1S-4E-23
Little Wind River
147,600
165
820
Big Eagle Mine Camp
N.A.
N.A.
5,250
6
70
Brentwood Subdivision
1N-4E-28
Wind River Formation
4,500
5
90
-------
Table III-l. (continued)
COUNTY
Name of Facility Location^ Source
FREMONT (continued)
Cottonwood Court
N.A.
Wind
River
Formation
Dickenson Trailer Court
1N-4E-23
Wind
River
Formation
Federal-American
Partners
N.A.
Wind
River
Formation
1st Fike Subdivision
1N-4E-22
Wind
River
Formation
Kings Trailer Court
1N-4E-27
Wind
River
Formation
Lucky Mc Mine
N.A.
Wind
River
Formation
Midvale Irrigation
District
3N-2E-7
Wind
River
Formation
Mountain View Acres
1N-4E-30
Wind
River
Formation
Nipper Mobile Homes
1N-4E-35
Wind
River
Formation
2nd Fike Subdivision
N.A.
Wind
River
Formation
Shoshone Tribe -
Boulder Flats Utility
Organization
N.A.
Wind
River
Formation
Spencer Homesites
1N-4E-23
Wind
River
Formation
Spencer Water Company
1N-4E-27
Wind
River
Formation
Weslee Mobile Home
1N-4E-35
Wind
River
Formation
Village
Average Production
Population
gal/day ac-ft/yr Served
5,000 6 120
15,000 17 225
16,000 18 350
20,000 22 200
2,250 3 45
200,000 224 150
2,100 2 28
3,500 4 45
4,500 5 90
4,800 5 60
22,900 26 127
4,500 5 60
7,700 9 155
10,000 11 72
-------
Table III-l. (continued)
COUNTY
Average
Production
Population
Served
Name of Facility
• b
Location
Source
gal/day
ac-f t/yr
FREMONT (continued)
Western Mobile Home
Court
1N-4E-2
Wind River Formation
6,300
7
125
Wyoming Correctional
Institute
1N-4E-35
Wind River Formation
2,800
3
55
NATRONA
Alcova Texaco
N. A.
N.A.
2,000
2
75
Natrona County Parks
Comm.
30-83-33
Tensleep-Chugwater Formation
24,000
27
800
Sloane Company
30-83-24
Quaternary deposits
3,500
4
50
aSources of data are U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1930), Wyoming State Engineer's Office (1981).
k Township (north) - range (west) - section, unless otherwise specified; U.S. Geological Survey well numbering
system shown in Appendix A.
c
Reported production is cumulative average for all sources included in this facility.
-------
Table III-2. Permitted noncommunity public water supply systems in the Wind River basin, Wyoming.a
COUNTY
Name of Facility
Location
Source
Average Production
gal/day ac-ft/yr
Population
Served
FREMONT
Amirs Bar and Restaurant 29-92-14
Atlantic City Mercantile Inc. 29-100-12
Bonneville Bar N.A.
Boysen State Park - 4N-5E-4
Cottonwood C.G.
Boysen State Park - Fremont 3N-6E-5
Bay C.G.
Boysen State Park - Tuff 39-94-20
Creek C.G.
Boysen State Park - Lower 5N-6E-4
Wind River
Brooks Lake Lodge N.A.
CM Dude Ranch N.A.
Coffeetime N.A.
Cove Bar and Grocery N.A.
Cross Mill Iron Ranch N.A.
Crowheart-Big Wind Hall N.A.
Dog Patch Sandwiches N.A.
Dubois KOA N.A.
Fremont Co. Youth Camp N.A.
Arikaree Formation
Precambrian
N.A.
Wind River Formation
Wind River Formation
Wind River Formation
Flathead Formation
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1,000
3,000
500
25
25
25
500
2,500
1,900
1,000
250
2,000
350
50
1,750
625
1.2
3.3
.6
.1
.1
.1
.6
2.8
2.1
1.1
. 3
2.2
.4
.1
2
.7
100
300
50
25
25
25
50
50
25
50
25
40
35
50
50
25
-------
Table III-2. (continued)
COUNTY
Name of Facility Location
FREMONT (continued)
Gardner's Market
N. A.
K-Bar Ranch
N .A.
Lakeside Resort
N. A.
Lander KOA
N.A.
Lava Creek Ranch
N.A.
Lazy L and B Ranch
N.A.
Louis Lake Lodge
N.A.
Mill Creek School
N.A.
Miners Delight Dining Room
29-100-12
Ocean Lake Resort
2-2-11
Pilot Butte Inc.
2-1-28
Pinnacle Motor Lodge
N.A.
Red Barn Store
N.A.
Red Rock Lodge
5-6-13
Red Rock Ranch
N.A.
Ring Lake Ranch Inc.
N.A.
River Campground
30-95-27
Riverton KOA Campground
2N-4E-36
Rocky Acres Camping
2N-1E-17
Average Production „
Population
Source gal/day ac-f t/yr Served
N.A.
1,000
1.2
50
N.A.
5,250
5.8
150
N.A.
3,000
3.3
100
N.A.
2,625
2.9
75
N.A.
2,250
2.5
45
N.A.
1,000
1.1
25
N.A.
1,250
1.4
25
Big Wind River
10,750
12
430
Precambrian
500
.6
25
Wind River Formation
7,000
7.8
75
Wind River Formation
500
.6
50
N.A.
2,600
2.9
100
N.A.
500
.6
50
Quaternary deposits
1,750
1.9
50
Quaternary deposits
1,200
1.3
30
N.A.
1,650
1.8
35
Quaternary deposits
1,250
1.4
25
Wind River Formation
2,250
2.5
75
N.A.
1,400
1.5
40
-------
Table III-2. (continued)
COUNTY
Location^
Source
Average
Production
Populat:
Servei
Name of Facility
gal/day
ac-ft/yr
FREMONT (continued)
Sawmill Lodge
N.A.
N.A.
1,050
1.1
30
Sinks Canyon State Park
32-100-17
Middle Popo Agie River
500
.6
100
South Pass
Historic Site
29-100-20
Precambrian
2,000
2.2
100
Sweetwater
Station
30-95-27
Arikaree Formation
1,000
1.1
150
Teepee Bar
N.A.
N.A.
50-
.6
50
Triangle C
Ranch
N.A.
N.A.
3,000
3.3
60
U.S. Steel
Corporation
29-100-14
Rock Creek
50,000
56
500
Wind River
High School
2N-1E-2
N.A.
10,000
11.2
200
Wind River
Ranch
N.A.
N.A.
3,500
3.9
250
NATRONA
Bright Spot
36-88-2
Wind River Formation
1,500
1.6
150
Hells Half
Acre
36-86-36
Hauls water from Casper, UY
4,200
4.7
100
Powder River School
35-85-1
Hauls water from Casper, WY
600
.7
30
Tumble Inn
Bar
35-85-7
Hauls water from Casper, WY
500
. 6
50
Union Carbide Corporation
N.A.
Wind River Formation
8,000
8.9
25
Waltman Store
36-86-19
Wind River Formation
50
.6
100
aSources of data are U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1980), Wyoming State Engineer's Office (1981).
kTownship (north) - range (west) - section, unless otherwise specified; U.S. Geological Survey well numbering
system shown in Appendix A.
-------
Table III-3. Summary of water use arranged by domestic sector and
source of water, Wind River basin, Wyoming.3
Domestic Sector
Water Source
Estimated
Water Use
(ac-ft/yr)
Community
Noncommunity
Private
Wind River Formation
1.8
X
103
Surface water
2.0
X
103
Quaternary deposits
1.6
X
io2
Arikaree Formation
1.0
X
io2
Tensleep Sandstone
2.7
X
io1
Unknown sources
.8
X
i—1
o
I—1
TOTAL
4.1
X
io3
Wind River Formation
2.9
X
io1
Surface water
8.5
X
101
Unknown sources
4.8
X
io1
Precambrian rocks
.67
X
io1
Quaternary deposits
.46
X
101
Arikaree Formation
.23
X
101
TOTAL
1.7
X
io2
Various sources*5
3.3
X
103
TOTAL
7.6 x 10"
3Sources of data are Wyoming State Engineer's Office (1981); U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (1980). See Tables III-l and III-2,
respectively, for specific community and noncommunity systems.
^Insufficient data exist to quantify water use by source. See Table
III-4 for number of private wells arranged by geologic source.
38
-------
Table III-4. Estimated number of permitted private domestic use .water
wells arranged by formation, Wind River basin, Wyoming.
Formation Number of Wells
Quaternary deposits
1,065
Arikaree Formation
101
White River Formation
28
Wind River Formation y
1,708
Wagon Bed Formation
2
Fort Union Formation/
27
Lance Formation J
3
Mesaverde Formation 1/
12
Cody Shale
/
85
Frontier Formation1'
54
Muddy Sandstone X
8
Thermopolis Shale
15
Cloverly Formation
22
Morrison Formation
12
Nugget Sandstone
14
Chugwater Group
29
Park City Formation
3
Phosphoria Formation
61
Goose Egg Formation
1
Tensleep Sandstone
23
Amsden Formation
1
Madison Limestone
8
Bighorn Dolomite
2
Flathead Sandstone
18
Precambrian rocks undivided
137
Unidentified sources
61
TOTAL
3,500
39
-------
consumption of 180 gallons/day (Wyoming State Engineer, 1973),
private domestic ground-water use is at least 3.3 x 10 acre-feet/year.
INDUSTRIAL WATER USE
Principal industries in the basin using ground and surface water
are uranium, iron ore, and petroleum companies. Estimated water use
for these industries is compiled in Table III-5. About 91 percent
of the industrial water demand is supplied by ground water.
Uranium Industry
3
The uranium industry used an estimated 3.2 x 10 acre-feet of
ground water during 1980, based on data supplied by the Wyoming Depart-
ment of Environmental Quality and the Wyoming State Engineer's Office.
This estimate is based on water use data for six active uranium
companies (Western Nuclear, Pathfinder, Union Carbide, Federal American
Partners, American Nuclear, and Centurian Nuclear). Sources for
ground water used by the uranium industry include the White River,
Wind River, iCloverly, Tensleep, and Phosphoria formations. The water
is used principally for milling operations, dust suppression, and
domestic purposes.
Iron Ore Industry
3
About 2.3 x 10 acre-feet of water was used by the U.S. Steel
Corporation's Atlantic City mine during 1980 (U.S. Steel Corporation,
personal communication, 1981) . About 95 percent of the water demand
is met by surface water from a company-owned reservoir supplied by
Rock Creek.
AO
-------
Table III-5. Estimated water use for various industries, Wind River
basin, Wyoming.
1980
Estimated Water Use
Industry (ac-f t/yr)
Iron 2.3 x 10"^
Uranium 3.2 x 10^
4
Petroleum 1.6 x 10
aBased on data from Collentine and others (1981) , Wyoming State
Engineer's Office (1973, 1981), U.S. Department of Agriculture and
others (1980), Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (1981),
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality (1981), U.S. Steel
Corporation (personal communication, 1981) .
41
-------
Petroleum Industry
4
The petroleum industry withdrew an estimated 1.6 x 10 acre-feet
of ground water during 1980 (Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission,
1981). Ground-water withdrawals by the industry are generally the
result of by-product water from oil production and water developed for
secondary water-flood recovery projects. According to Collentine and
others (1981), ground water produced at the various oil and gas fields
in the basin is principally used for secondary recovery purposes.
Ground water used by the oil and gas industry is usually produced
at the stratigraphic horizon of the petroleum reservoir. For example,
in the central part of the basin principal ground-water sources
developed by the industry include the Frontier and Cloverly formations,
whereas in the western and northern parts of the basin principal sources
include the the Phosphoria, Tensleep, and Madison formations.
The reader is referred to Collentine and others (1981) for historic
summaries of cumulative water-flood rates and recovery projects for
individual petroleum fields in the basin.
AGRICULTURAL WATER USE
Livestock
Water consumption by livestock in the basin is estimated at
3
2 x 10 acre-feet/year (Wyoming Crop and Livestock Reporting Service,
1980). Estimated water consumption for the various livestock popula-
tions are listed in Table III-6.
Principal sources of water for livestock use are the Wind River
Formation, Quaternary deposits, and surface water from the various
42
-------
Table III-6. Estimated water consumption by livestock, Wind River basin.
Average Daily Average Annual
Consumption/Animal Consumption/Population
Livestock Estimated Population (gal/day) (ac-ft/yr)
Cattle
9.3
X
io4
15
1.6
x 103
Sheep
3.8
X
10*
3
2.6
x 102
Hogs
2.5
X
103
2
5.6
Horses
4.0
X
10 3
11
5.1
x 101
TOTAL
2
x 103
aSources of data are Wyoming Crop and Livestock Reporting Service (1980); Wyoming State En-
gineer (19 72) .
-------
rivers, creeks, and impoundments in the basin. Insufficient data
exist to quantify water use by aquifer and surface-water source.
Irrigation
About 200,000 acres of land are permitted for irrigation in the
basin. Annual use of ground and surface water for irrigation is
about 1.4 x 10^ acre-feet/year (U.S. Department of Agriculture and
others, 1980; Wyoming State Engineer's Office, 1973 and various). About
2 percent of the total irrigated acres in the basin are wholly or
partially irrigated with ground water (Wyoming State Engineer's Office,
various). Based on average water needs for the various crops in the
basin (Trelease and others, 1970) and assuming 2 percent of the total
3
irrigated acreage is supplied by ground water, about 2.8 x 10 acre-
feet/year of ground water is used for irrigation. The Wind River and
Arikaree formations are the principal sources of ground water used for
irrigation in the basin.
hh
-------
IV. AQUIFERS
-------
IV. AQUIFERS
Eleven aquifers and one aquifer system are identified by this
report in the Wind River basin, Wyoming. The aquifers, in ascending
stratigraphic order, are the (1) Flathead, (2) Phosphoria, (3) Sundance-
Nugget, (4) Cloverly, (5) Muddy, (6) Frontier, (7) Mesaverde, (8)
Fort Union-Lance, (9) Wind River, (10) Arikaree, and (11) Quaternary
deposits. The aquifer system is herein referred to as the Tensleep
aquifer system and is comprised of the (a) Tensleep, (b) Amsden, (c)
Madison, (d) Darby, and (e) Bighorn subaquifers. The aquifers were
identified on the basis of (1) water-encountered reports for petroleum
tests and water'wells, (2) completion intervals for water wells, (3)
spring locations, and (4) previous hydrogeologic investigations.
In addition to the aquifers and the aquifer system, nine region-
ally-continuous leaky confining layers are identified in this report.
The various formations comprising the leaky confining layers are
predominantly comprised of relatively impermeable massive shale, silt-
stone, claystone, and finely-crystalline massive limestone and dolomite.
The reader is referred to Figure II-6 (Chapter II) for the
stratigraphic position of the aquifers and leaky confining layers.
Figure II-6 also shows the various formations comprising the confining
units. A summary of the ages, thicknesses, lithologies, and hydrologic
properties of the rocks in the Wind River basin appears in Table IV-1.
Aquifer test results and well yields are tabulated by formation in
Table C-l (Appendix C).
46
-------
TabJe 1V-1. Ages, thicknesses, 1 i tlu> log i es , and hydrologic properties
Th Lckness
Era Pcr i od Geo 1 eg ic Uni t (feet)
Conux.on. Quaternary alluvium and terrace 0-100+
ilepos i Is
Tertiary Moonstone Fromation 0-1,350
- Unconformi ty -
Tertiary Arikaree Formation 0-930
- Unconformi ty -
Tertiary White River Formation 0-950
Jertiar>
- Unconforrni ty -
Wagon Bed Formation
0-700
of the rocks exposed in llie Wind River basin, Wyoming.a
Lithologic Description
Hydrologic Properties
Unconsolidated, interbedded, silt, sand,
and gravel.
Highly permeable anil productive water-
bearing deposits. Possible: yields fton
1 to greater than 1,000 gpin. Total
dissolved solids generally range
between 100 to 1,000 mg/1.
Nonresistant sequence of shale, sandstone,
claystone, tuff, limestone, and conglom-
erate. Numerous chalcedony lenses and
nodules throughout unit. Unit exposed
only in Granite Mountains area.
Yields water locally to springs and
shallow wells along outcrop. Yields
generally less than 100 gpm; no water
quality data available. Comprises
upper part of Arikaree aquifer.
Upper: well-rounded, poorly consolidated,
cross-bedded, fine-to medium-grained sand-
stone. Some interbedded tuff, flaggy lime-
stone, conglomerate, and arkosic sandstone.
Abundant vocanic fragments. Basal: coarse,
angular pebble and cobble conglomerate with
poorly resistant mudstone matrix. Unit
exposed only in southern part of basin.
Highly permeable and productive water-
bearing unit. Large intergranular
permeability and porosity. Production
for wells is generally between 1 to
300 gpm, with maximum reported produc-
tion of 1,500 gpm. Springs generally
discharge less than 20 gpm. Saturated
thickness ranges between 200 to 600
feet. Hydraulic conductivity ranges
between 0.5 to 60 ft/dy. Comprises
middle part of Arikaree aquifer.
Calcareous, argillaceous, fine-graLned
sandstone with interbedded tuff and benton-
ite. Discontinuous, thin lenses of arkose
and very coarse, poorly sorted conglom-
erate. Unaltered uitric ash layers common.
Unit exposed only in southern part of basin
Highly permeable and productive water-
bearing unit. Good intergranular
permeability and porosity. Well
yields generally range between 1 to
300 gpm, with maximum reported produc-
tion 850 gpm. Saturated thickness
ranges between 200 to 350 feet.
Comprises basal part of Arikaree.
aqui f er.
Tuffaceous and bentonitic sandstone, silt-
stone, and mudstone. Poorly sorted coarse-
pebble conglomerate and arkose at top and
base of unit. Chert lenses and silicified
mudstone lenses in upper 100 feet. Unit
exposed only along southern margin of
basin.
Yields water locally to springs and
shallow wells. Yields less than 10
gpm. Saturated zones include sandstoni
and conglomerate lenses. Waler
qualities are poor with total dissolvec
solids between 1,500 to 2,500 mg/L.
Not considered an aquifer.
-------
Table IV-1. (continued)
Th i ckness
Era Period Geologic Unit (feet)
Tertiary Teepee Trail Formation 0-2,000
Tertiary Aycross Formation 0-1,000
Tertiary Wind River Formation 250-1,030
CO Tertiary Indian Meadows 0-725
Format Ion
- Unconformity -
Tertiary Fort Union Formation 0-8,000
Mesozoic
Cretaceous
Lance FormatLon
0-6,000
Lithoiogle Oescr Lption
Hydrologlc Properties
Tuff and tuffaceous siltstone, fine-
grained sandstone, and deutrified volcanics.
Exposed only in northwest part of basin.
Yields minor amounts (less than 30 gpm)
of water to springs and shallow wells
along outcrop. Confining layer.
Series of shale, clay, conglomerate, Confining layer,
volcanics, and sandstone. Exposed only in
northwest part of basin.
Variegated siltstone, shale, claystone,
and argillaceous sandstone with interbedded
fine-grained sandstone, arkose, and arkosic
sandstone. Tuffaceous and bentonitic mud-
stone lenses in upper 500 feet.
Major aquifer. Yields water to wells
and springs throughout basin. Yields
range between 1 to 3,000 gpm. Locally
contains artesian zones with sufficient
head to produce 200 gpm. Principal
source of domestic and stock writer on
Wind River reservation. Principal
source of industrial water in southern
part of basin. Water qualities are
highly variable with total dissolved
solids between 100 to 5,000 mg/1.
Series of variegated claystone, agrillaceous Confining layer,
sandstone, massive limestone, and poorly
sorted conglomerate.
Conglomerate, sandstone, shale, siltstone,
and carbonaceous shale in basal part of
unit; grades upward to very fine-grained
elastics.
Massive to thin bedded sandstone, poorly
sorted shale pebble conglomerate; grades
upward to carbonaceous shale, siltstone,
with thin lenses of bentonite and coarse-
grained sandstone. Thin coal lenses in
uppermost part of unit.
Conglomerate and sandstone zones yield
water to wells. Highly productive
and permeable where fractured. Water
is semi-confined to confined with
sufficient head to produce 10 gpm.
Water qualities are poor with Lotal
dissolved solids greater than 1,000
mg/1. Basal part of unit is considered
a regional confining unit. Upper part
of unit contains complex series of
permeable and confining layers.
No known wells produce water solely
from unit. Wells completed in Fort
Union and Lance. Unit is highly pro-
ductive and permeable in Big Horn
basin (yields range between 1 to 100
gpm); water qualities are generally
poor with total dissolved solids
greater than 1,000 mg/1. Large
development potential in Wind River
basin.
-------
Table IV-l. (continued)
Thickness
Km Per iod Geologic Unit: (feet)
Cretaceous Meeteetse Formation 0-1,335
Cretaceous Mesavcrde Formation 550-2,000
Cretaceous Cody Shale 3,150-5,500
Cretaceous Frontier Formation 470-1,045
Cretaceous Mowry Shale 395-560
Cretaceous Muddy Sandstone 20-75
Cretaceous Thermopolis Shale
120-250
Litholog i c Descr i pL i on
JJ ydrologic Proper Li es
Massive to thin bedded, friable sandstone,
shale, siltstone, and claysLone, with thin
coal and bentonite mterbeds. Grades to
shale, siltstone, and sandy shale eastward.
Upper: very fine to coarse grain, massive
to cross-bedded, friable sandstone. Few
shale, claystonc, and carbonaceous shale
interbeds.
Middle: interbedded carbonaceous shale,
siltstone, and sandstone. Some lenticular
coal beds up to 13 feet thick.
Basal: very fine to medium grain, irregu-
larly bedded to massive sandstone.
Shale, fissile, calcareous and bentonitic.
Grades upward to thin bedded, fine grain
sandstone with interbedded calcareous shale.
Alternating sequence of sandstone and shale.
Sandstone: fine to medium grain, thin
bedded to massive, locally glauconitic.
Shale: fissile, silty and sandy, locally
carbonaceous.
Interbedded siliceous shale and bentonite.
Some claystone.
Sandstone, poorly to well sorted, fine to
medium grain, salt and pepper sandstone.
Grades locally to siltstone and sandy shale.
Fissile shale and claystone, nonresistant,
with gypsum and siltstone and gypsum inter-
beds. Numerous fine grain, concretionary
sandstone lenses.
Regional confining layer.
Permeable and productive water-
bearing unit. Regional aquifer.
Well yield data not available; however,
artesian flows reporLed in numerous
petroleum tests in central basin.
Yields water to shallow stock wells
in eastern basin. Water qualities
poor with total dissolved solids
usually greater than 1,500 tng/l.
Regiona 1 conf inlng 1 aver.
Upper 2/3 of unit is regional aquifer;
lower 1/3 of unit is confining layer.
Water is under confined conditions with
sufficient head to produce flows of 10
to 25 gpm at selected petroleum tests.
Yields 5 to 150 gpm to shallow stock
and domestic wells. Water qualities
vary from less than 500 to greater than
3,000 mg/1 total dissolved solids.
Regional confining layer.
Oil and water-bearing unit. Water is
under confined conditions with suffi-
cient head to produce flows of 1 to 20
gpm at selected petroleum tests. Water
qualities are poor with total dissolved
solids generally greater than 1,500
mg/l .
Regional confining layer.
-------
Tabic J V-I . (continued)
Thi ckness
!•', ra Pe r i od Geologic UniL (feet)
Ln
O
- Unconformity -
Jurassic Gypsum Spring Formation 0-230
- Unconformity -
Jurassic NuggeL Sandstone 0-400
Triassic Popo Agio Formation 0-300
Cretaceous- CI overJy-Morrlson 300-570
Jurassic formations undivided
Jurassic Sundance Formation 150-570
L itholop, 1 c Desc ri pt ion
Hydrologic Proper 11cs
Cloverly: Upper-sandstone, clean with
lenticular chert-pebble conglomerate and
thin variegated shale.
Middle: variegated shale.
Basal: sandstone, fine to coarse grain.
Morrison: variegated claystone and shale,
wi th th i n bedded to lenticular, fine, to
medium grain, friable sandstone.
Cloverly: permeable and productive
upper and basal sandstones. Water is
under artesian conditions with suffi-
cient head to produce fJows of 1 to 25
gpm at selected petroleum tests.
Yields water to stock wells along
outcrops. Water qualities are
generally poor with total dissolved
solids greater than 1,500 mg/1.
Morrison: regional confining layer.
Locally contains permeable sandstone
lenses. Water is under confined condi-
tions. Yields less than 5 gpm.
Upper: fine to coarse grain glauconitic
sandstone with few thin shale and fossil-
iferous limestone interbeds.
Basal: siltstone and sandstone; grade
downward to oolitic limesLone, dolomite,
and chert pebb3e conglomerate.
Kcglonal aquifer. Large intergranu1 ar
permeability "in sandstone and chert
lenses. Yields water to shallow stock
and domestic woLls along outcrops (I to
25 gpm). Water is under confined
conditions. Selected petroleum tests
yield-flows of 2 5 to 50 gpm. Water
qualities are good along outcrops with
total dissolved solids less than 500
mg/1. Water qualities deteriorate
basinward with total dissolved solids
greater than 2,000 mg/1.
Upper: alternating sequence of siltstone, Regional confining layer,
shale, limestone, dolomite, and gypsum.
Basal: sandy sJltstone and silty shale.
Present only in western part of basin.
Upper: sandstone, fine Lo medium grain,
calcitc and silica cement, large scale
cross beds.
Basal: calcareous siltstone and mudstone,
thin limestone, and thin to massive, very-
fine grain sandstone.
Good inLergranu1 ar permeability.
Saturated conditions reported for
numerous petroleum tests throughout
basin. Water is under confined condi-
tions. Insufficient data exists to
meaningfully quantify yields and water
qualities.
Lnterhcddcd resistant sandstone and silt- Confining layer locally,
stone, with thin claystone and irregularly-
bedded ]imestone-pebble conglomerate.
-------
Table 1V-1. (continued)
Th i ckness
Hra Per i od Ceo J or i c Un i t (feet)
Tria^sic Crow Mountain Formation 0-130
Trinssic Alcova Limestone 0-30
Triads ic Red Peak Kormation 900-950
Triassic Di.nwoody Formation 0-250
- Unconformity -
Paleozoic Permian Park City Formation 150-350
(Phosphor La Formation)
- Uncon f orm i Ly -
^Pcnnsy1 van 1 an Tenslecp Sandstone 200-600
Lilholofiic Description
llydrologic Properties
Upper: sandstone, very-fine grain,
well sorted, calcareous, massive, and
calcareous siltstone.
LimcsLone, dense,
1ami naled .
f I nely-crysta11ine,
Sandstone, non-resistant, fine gram,
with interbedded sandy and clayey silt-
stone, and shale.
Interbedded sandy dolomitic siltstone,
calcareous sandstone, and thin dolomite
and limestone.
Good intergranular permeability.
Yields smaJ1 quantities (less than
20 gpm) of water to shallow domestic
and stock wells along outcrop. No
water analyses available; however,
water used for domestic purposes
along outcrops.
Conf1 n i ng layer.
Yields small quantities (Less than 10
gpm) of water to shallow domesLic and
stock we 1Js along outcrops. Water
qualities are generally good wiLh
total dissolved solids less than ),000
mg/l .
Confining layer.
Interbedded dense limestone, dolomite,
nonresistant siltstone and fine grain sand-
stone. Grades eastward to domlnantly
limestone, dolomite, and calcareous shale.
Comples scries of permeable sandstones
and impermeabl' limestone, dolomite,
and siltstone. Highly productive
where fractured. Well yields range up
to 1,000 gpm. Water qualities are
good with total dissolved solids less
than 1 ,000 nig/ 1 .
Sandstone, resistant, massive to cross-
bedded, fine grain, friable, with irregular
chert layers and thin limestone and domilite
near base.
Uppermost unit of the Tenslecp aquifer
system. Good intergranular pernic-
abllLty, excellent permeabilities
where fractured. Saturated throughout
basin. Water is under confined condi-
tions with sufficient head to produce
flows of 1 Lo several hundred gpm
from selected wells. Water qualities
along outcrops arcs good with total
dissolved solids iVss than 500 mg/l.
Water qualities decrease basInward
with total dissolved solids greater
than 2,000 mg/l.
-------
Tab Lc IV-1.
(cont inued)
Tli1 ckness
Era Pe r i od Geo 1og i c Unit (feet)
1 Vim1, v 1 vnu i an Amnion Forma t ion 0-400
- Uncon fornii ty -
M1 ss l ss 1 pp i an Madison Limestone 200-700
- Unconformity -
Devonian Darby Formation 0-200
- Unconformity -
Ordovician Bighorn Dolomite 0-300
Cambrian
- Unconformity -
Gallatin Limestone
0-450
Lithologic Description
Upper: complex sequence of nonresistant
slialo, dense dolomite, thin chcrty 1 ime-
sLonc, and Lli i n „ resislant, fine grain
sancLatone
Basal: Darwin Sandstone member, sandstone,
fine to medium grain, cross-bedded to
massive, friable, porous.
Part of Tensleep aquifer system.
Darwin sandstone: permeable along
joints and partings between bedding
p1.ines. Exce11ent permoabi1i L i cs
whore fractured. Water is confined.
Well yields range beLween 1 i t>
several hundred gpni.
Upper: limestone and dolomite, irregular,
thin to massive, dense, locally cavernous,
cherty.
Basal: alternating sequence of limestone,
dolomite, thin bedded sandstone, cherty;
limestone breccia at base.
ParL of Tensleep aquifer system.
Poor permcabiLilics except where
fiactured. Some saturated caverns.
Water-bearing throughout basin.
Water is confined. Well yields range
between 1 to several hundred gptn.
Water qualities are good along out-
crop with total dissolved solids
less than 500 mg/1.
Dolomite, siltstone, and shale, resistant,
dense dolomite.
Part of Tensleep aquifer system.
Generally considered a confining
layer, but permeable along joints
and fractures. Numerous joint
controlled springs along Wind Rivei
Mountains.
Upper: Leigh Dolomite member, dolomite,
dense and platey.
Basal: Lander Sandstone member, sandstone,
fLne to medium grain, lenticular; contains
flat-pebble conglomerate comprised of
fragments of Gallatin Limestone.
Basal part of Tensleep aquifer
.system. Basal sandstones are perme-
able; also permeable aLong joints
and fractures. Yields water to
numerous springs along Wind River
NounLa ins.
Limestone, dense, thinly laminated to
massive, glauconiLic and oolitic, shale,
silty shale, and thin sandstone interbeds.
Confining layer. Permeable along
joints and fractures. Yields small
quantities (less than 5 gpm) to springs
along the Wind River Mountains.
-------
TabLe IV-J.
Tli i ckness
Kl~-a I'cr 1 nil Ci'oloi'if 11 n I I . (feqQ LiLIioIoric Description
Cambrian Cros Ventre Formation 0-750 Limestone, sliale, and calcareous shaJe,
flat-pebble cunKlomcratc at base.
Cambrian Flathead Sandstone 50-500 Sandstone, fine to medium grain, resisLent;
grades downward to conglomerate and arkose.
- Unconformity -
Precamb r i an
undi fferentiated
Ln
LO
Complex of igneous and meiamorphic rocks.
Predominantly granite, granite gniess,
schist, hornblende schist, aplite and
basic dikes.
I!y d ro 1 og i c_ r rope rt i os
Con fin i tig layer.
Major aquifer. Permeable along partings
between bedding planes, faults, fractures
and joints. Small interstitial perme-
abilities. Water is semi-confined to
confined. Yields 1 to 25 gpm to shallow
stock and domestic wells. Excellent water
qualities; total dissolved solids
generally less than 500 mg/1. Excellent
ground-water resource potential; however,
relatively undeveloped because of
availability of shallower ground-water
sources.
Permeable along joints, fracimi's and
faults. Locally yields water to
shallow wells along outcrops.
aSollrces of data include Keefer (1965); Koefer and Rich (1957); Keefer and Van Lieu (1966); Love (1970); Love and others (1945a, b, c, 1947, J 955) ;
Thompson and others (1949); Whitcomb and Lowry (1963), Yenne and Pipiringos (1954).
-------
FLATHEAD AQUIFER
The Flathead aquifer is comprised of the Cambrian Flathead Sand-
stone and is 50 to 500 feet thick in the Wind River basin. It is
not highly developed because of (1) poor accessibility in areas where
the unit crops out, and (2) the availability of shallower sources of
ground water in areas underlain by the unit. Eighteen wells were
identified as completed in the Flathead aquifer. The locations of
these wells are shown on Plate B-l.
The Flathead Formation is predominantly a pink to tan to gray
fine- to coarse-grained quartzitic sandstone. The unit is thin-bedded
to massive, locally crossbedded and glauconitic. The basal beds of
the formation are arkosic and conglomeratic and up to 120 feet thick.
The unit grades upward to shale and sandy shale.
Along the Wind River Mountains the average thickness of the Flat-
head Formation is about 200 feet. The unit thickens eastward to about
400 feet along the eastern part of the Owl Creek Mountains, and to
about 500 feet in the Rattlesnake Hills (Keefer and Van Lieu, 1966).
Ground water in the Flathead aquifer is semi-confined to confined.
Reported production for shallow stock and domestic wells is less than
25 gallons/minute (Wyoming State Engineer's Office, 1981). No produc-
tion data are available for petroleum tests completed in the unit.
Intergranular permeabilities in the Flathead aquifer are small
because the unit is tightly cemented. Permeabilities are significantly
enhanced along partings between bedding planes and along fractures.
The Flathead is most permeable where there is little secondary cementa-
tion. All reported Flathead springs discharge from partings along
54
-------
bedding planes (Wyoming State Engineer's Office, various; Whitcomb
and Lowry, 1968).
Recharge to the Flathad aquifer occurs by (1) infiltration of
precipitation into outcrops of the unit, and (2) leakage of water from
Precambrian rocks. Excellent recharge potential exists at the
Precambrian-Flathead contact along the Wind River and Owl Creek
mountains, where annual precipitation exceeds 60 inches/year.
The ground-water resources potential of the Flathead aquifer along
the east flank of the Wind River Mountains is very good. This is
because (1) available recharge to the unit is large, (2) the unit is
up to 300 feet thick, and (3) fracture permeabilities are expected to
be large based on known tectonic structures. In addition, the Flathead
Formation is a significant water-bearing unit throughout Wyoming. For
example, in the Bighorn basin, artesian conditions have been encountered
in the Flathead Formation with sufficient heads to produce flows of
1,000 to 2,000 gallons/minute (Wyoming State Engineer's Office, various).
TENSLEEP AQUIFER SYSTEM
The Tensleep aquifer system is comprised of the saturated,
permeable parts of the Pennsylvanian Tensleep Sandstone, Pennsylvanian-
Mississippian Amsden Formation, Mississippian Madison Limestone,
Devonian Darby Formation, and Ordovician Bighorn Dolomite (Figure
II-6). The Tensleep aquifer system is named for, but distinguished
from, the Tensleep Sandstone.
With the exception of the Granite Mountains area, the Tensleep
aquifer system underlies the entire basin. The various formations
comprising the aquifer crop out along the Wind River Mountains, the
55
-------
Owl Creek Mountains, and Rattlesnake Hills (Plate C-l). The aquifer
system is up to 2,000 feet thick in the basin.
The Tensleep aquifer system is one of the most significant water-
bearing units in the Wind River basin. Regardless of location, wells
penetrating the system produce variable quantities of water. The water
is semi-confined to confined. Selected petroleum tests have encountered
confined conditions with sufficient head to produce flows of up to 200
gallons/minute from well depths exceeding 7,500 feet (Table IV-2).
Permeabilities in the Tensleep aquifer system vary according to
(1) formation-lithology, (2) sedimentary structure-depositional environ-
ment, and (3) tectonic structure. Predominant lithologies comprising
the system are (a) sandstone, (b) limestone, (c) dolomite, and (d)
shale. In general, porosities and intergranular permeabilities in the
sandstones are relatively large, whereas porosities and intergranular
permeabilities are small to negligible in the limestone, dolomite,
and shale.
Sedimentary structure and depositional environment affect perme-
abilities. For example, Emmett and others (1972) found that highly
crossbedded sandstones had lower permeabilities than regular bedded
sandstones in Tensleep petroleum reservoirs. Permeabilities also vary
with the relative degree of grain sorting. For example, well-sorted
channel sandstones have permeabilities four times larger than poorly
sorted near-shore, fine-grained sandstone and siltstone deposits
(Emmett and others, 1972).
Tectonic structures have the most significant effect on perme-
abilities in the Tensleep aquifer system. Faults, fractures, and
56
-------
Table JV-2. W.iLcr-encounLcrcd reports arranged by formation for selected pctroJeinn test wclJs drilled in tlie Wind River basin, Wyoming.3
i'i>rin,iL inn
Drilling Company or Owner
Name of Well
Location
Deptli to Production
In te rvaL
(top-bottom in feet)
Reported Rate
of Product i on
(gpm)
WIND RiVFR FORMATION
Burton/llnwks J ric.
SholL Oii Co.
Husky Oi i Co.
POUT UN [UN FORMATION
(.ul f Oil Co.
I.oinax Exploration Co.
Atlantic Kiclificld Co.
Northern NaLural Gas Co.
Monsanto Co.
J.M. Huber Co.
MonsanLo Co.
Monsanto Co.
LANCE FORMATION
Mapco Prod. Co.
Damson Oil Co.
MonsanLo Co.
\
Monsanto Co.
mesavekde formation
Gu] f Oil Co.
Pan American Pet. Corp.
Pan American Pet. Corp.
N.A.
N. A.
Monsanto Co.
5-1
34-33
16-28
1
1-9
22
1-18
1-23
33-1
12
1-35
1-11
16-1
1-23
1-35
Beaver Creek
Beaver Creek.
Kirby Draw
N.A.
1-25
3N-4E-5
4N-2E-28
4N-3E-33
3N-2E-3
3N-5E-9
1S-4E-25
36-93-18
37-92-23
37-92-33
39-90-31
39-90-35
3N-5E-11
4N-5E-16
37-92-23
39-91-35
3N-2E-3
33-96-10
33-96-11
34-95-25
35-84-1
39-91-25
8,878-8,900
2 ,928-2,942
3,714-3,736
5,780-5 ,8J 0
8,878-8,900
2,505-2,515
6,846-6,876
11,000-11,010
6,959-6,970
9,234-9,242
12,404-12,420
10,802-?
15,197-15,268
11,000-11,010
12,204-13,625
7,145-7,250
7,970-8,040
2,350-2,600
2,122-2,210
225-527
N.A.
14,988-15,897
1
1
7
1
J
5
5
5
1-2
10
1-2
7
1
5
5
5
10
300
20
350
500
1-2
-------
Table 1V-2. (continued)
Formation
Drilling Company or Owner Name of Well
MESAVERDE FORMATION (conl.)
Monsanto Co. 1
Monsanto Co. 1-34
CODY SHALE
Atlantic Richfield Corp. 15
Pan American Pet. Corp. ]
Pan American Pet. Corp. 9]
Pan American Pet. Corp. 76
Pan American Pet. Crop. 79
Travis Oil Co. 2
Ln
OC Monsanto Co. l-]9
Monsanto Co. 1-21
Monsanto Co. J-32
Moncrief Co. 17-1
FRONTIER FORMATION
Viking Exploration, Inc. 32-16
CLOVERLY FORMATION
Encrgetifc, Inc, et al . 41X-20
Atlantic Richfield Co. 10
SUNDANCE FORMATION
Arnell Oil Co. A-2
NUGGET SANDSTONE
Pan American Pet. Corp. 76
Amoco Prod. Co. 124
Rrtnkerhoff Drilling Co., Inc. 22-1
Location
Depth to Production
Interval
(top-bottom In feet)
Report ed Rate
of Production
(Rpm)
39-91-32 1 5,105-16 ,646 5
39-91-34 L6,096-16,151 5
1S-4F.-25 4,625-4,633 15
1N-2F.-3 4,314-4,316 1
33-96-3 3,921-4,038 20
33-96-9 3,916-3,930 5
33-96-9 3,942-3,963 JO
34-91-36 1,900-1,912 1-2
39-90-19 18,970-19,253 1-2
39-90-21 18,642-18,892 1-2
39-90-32 17,198-18,050 1-2
39-91-17 19,355-19,365 5
33-91-16 2,882-2,894 10
1S-6F-20 8, 860-8 ,868 2
1S-4E-25 9,540-9,570 1-3
33-83-1 1,386-1,448 5
2-1-J 8 1,26]-1 ,395 10
2-J-18 1,298-1 ,322 J-2
5-2-22 5,346-5,404 5
-------
Table IV-2.
(con lInued)
Forma Lion
'lili 11}I1 ^ Company or- Owner Name of Wcl t
CHUGWATKR GROUI' UNIJIVLPED
Culf Oil Co. 4
Knight. & Mil ler Oil Co. 3
I'HOSPHURIA FORMATION
ka 1 ph I,owe i
Pan American Pet. Corp. 13
Pan American Pet. Corp. 1
Pan American Pet. Corp. 4
Pan American Pet. Corp. 8
Pan American Pet. Corp. 66
Amoco Prod. Co. 108
Pan American Pet. Corp. 7J
True Oii Co. McAdams I
Amoco Prod. Co. 107
Amoco Prod. Co. ]2A
Sinclair Oil is Gas Co. 1
Pan American Pet. Co. 68
Pan American Pet. Co. 54
Amoco Prod. Co. 133
Pan American Pet. Co. 91
Amoco Prod. Co. 215
Amoco Trod. Co. 217
Amoco Prod. Co. 310
Norris Oil Co. 1-McBride
Amoco Prod. Co. I35
l,ocat i on
Depth to Production
1ntorvaI
(top-bottom in feel)
Reported Rale
of Production
Liiiini
4-]-32 5,602-5,614 10
33-90-13 260-270 10
1S-1E-6 1,051-1,093 10
2S-1E-12 3,377-3,532 2
2S-1E-12 3,463-? 4
2S-1E-13 2,317-? 20
2S-1E-13 2,386-2,784 1
2S-1E-13 3,380-? 1
2S-1E-13 1,808-1,945 2
2S-JE-24 3,048-3,098 5
2S-2E-18 2,774-2,794 25-50
2S-2E-18 2,992-3,034 20
2S-2E-30 1,424-1,472 2
2-1-4 6,037-6,330 3
2-1-17 3,250-? 5-10
2-1-18 3,088-3,098 2
2-1-18 3,182-' 20
2-1-19 3,051-3,290 5
2-1-20 3,086-? 35
2-1-20 3,132-? 5
2-1-29 3,122-? 30
3-1-33 6,367-6,630 40
2-1-18 2,563-? 10
-------
Tdble I V-2.
(conti nuod)
Porm.it lo 11
Dr i 1 M Cumpnior Owner Name of
PHOSl'HOR IA FORMATION (conL.)
Pan American Pot. Co. 1
Atlantic Richfield Co. 1
3oh lo Pet. Co. 1
Atlantic Richfield Co. 22
Pdsco, Inc. 27
Northwest F.xp 1 ora t i on Co. 1
Pan American Pet. Corp. 61
W.C. Kirkwood 21-12
TKNSL.EEP SANDSTONE
Ralph Lowe 1
Pan American Pel. . Corp. 130
Amoco Prod. Co. 122
Pan American Pet. Corp. 501
Amoco Prod. Co. 131
Amoco Prod. Co. 148
Continental Oil Co. 65
Continental Oil Co. 33
Continental Oil Co. 43
Pure OiJ Co. 27
Union Ofl Co. 5
Amoco Prod. Co. 18
Amoco Prod. Co. 8
Amoco Prod. Co. 23
Sohio Pet. Co. 3
Sohio Pet. Co. 5
Location
Depth to Production
Interval
(top-bottom in feet)
Reported Rate
of P roclucL i.on
O.p"')
5-2-8 7,066-? 5
31-94-5 5,507-5,517 JO
31-94-27 6,903-6,918 5
32-95-15 7,580-7,588 35
32-95-15 7,368-7,382 2
32-98-32 1 ,048-1,362 ]0
34-96-2] 11,873-? 1-2
42-107-12 2,626-2,636 120
1S-1E-6 1,463-1,515 25
2-1-18 3,010-3,370 120
2-1-18 3,170-3,174 25
2-1-18 2,825-3,220 120
2-1-19 3,176-3,215 90
2-1-19 2,970-? 20
6-3-1 1,060-1,080 5
6-2-6 1 ,156-1,356 10
7-3-36 1,105-1,316 5
31-98-4 1,030-1,043 5
31-98-4 930-952 2
32-95-10 7,108-7,604 100
32-95-15 7,280-? 75
32-95-15 7,256-7,570 165
32-95-36 8,715-8,725 50
32-95-36 8,548-8,558 5
-------
Tabic 1V-2.
(cOllL LllLlcd)
Format, i on
I)r 1 1 1 ] ng Comiiny_ or Owner
Name of Well
I KNSLKKP SANDSTONE (cont.)
Ra^dnd Oil Co.
C. r. Brehm
Amoco Prod. Co.
Amoco Prod. Co.
Sine Lair 0 i1 & Cas Co.
Pure 0ii Co.
Amoco Prod. Co.
Amoco I'rod. Co.
Amoco Prod. Co.
MADISON LIMESTONE
C-l
1
38
9
21
37
115
118
34
6-2-36
4-1-18
32-95-14
32-95-14
32-95-14
33-83-3
33-96-9
33-96-16
33-96-10
Depth to Production
Interval
(top-bottom in feet)
1,372-1,392
7,182-7,192
7,776-7,952
7,490-7,706
8,137-8,152
2,566-'
10,950-11,030
10,934-11,014
10,824-11,116
ReporLed Hate
of Production
(,gp_m)
10
60
125
200
10
5
5
10
10
Pan American Pet. Co.
66
33-96-10
11,168-11,358
1-2
Sources of data include Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (various); Petroleum Information Corp. (various) ; Dana (1962).
^Township (north) - range (west) - section, unless otherwise specified.
-------
joints associated with deformed areas provide laterally and vertically
integrated zones of large permeability. Permeabilities in highly
fractured parts of the system, such as along the Wind River Mountains,
are as much as several orders of magnitude larger than permeabilities
in relatively undeformed central-basin areas (Table IV-3). An excellent
example of fracture-enhanced permeability involves several petroleum
tests situated along the axis of the Lander anticline in T. 33 N.,
R. 99 W., sec. 26. According to Dana (1962) several wells have encoun-
tered artesian conditions with sufficient head to produce flows of
3,000 gallons/minute from well depths of 3,700 feet.
The most productive horizons in the Tensleep aquifer system are
the Tensleep Sandstone and the Madison Limestone. Both units are
significant water-bearing formations throughout Wyoming. The Tensleep
Sandstone and the Madison Limestone are, respectively, 200 to 600 and
200 to 700 feet thick.
The Tensleep Sandstone is highly productive throughout the basin.
Well yields typically range up to several thousand gallons/minute; spring
discharges typically range up to several hundred gallons/minute (Dana,
1962; Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, various; Wyoming State
Engineer's Office, various) and water-encountered reports (Wyoming Oil
and Gas Conservation Commission, various) the most productive part of
the unit is the uppermost 200 feet, where most highly productive wells
(yields greater than 500 gallons/minute) are encountered. According to
Todd (1963) permeabilities in the Tensleep Sandstone decrease with depth
because of increased secondary quartz and carbonate cementation and
recrystallization of quartz grains. Bredehoeft (1964) and Lawson and
Smith (1966 document substantial reduction of porosity and permeability
62
-------
Tab 1 u IV — 3. Hyd ru 1 og i i; daLa arranged by formation for selected oil and gas fields, Wind River basin, Wyoming.0
^^Name of fjcjjj
i - b
Location
Thickness of
Producing Interval
( feet)
Poros i t v
(%)
Pe rincnb i I i Ly
(md)
F.s L i nt«i t
-------
Table "1V-3. (continued)
Thickness of
Format ion Producing Interval
Name of Field LocaL Ion (feet)
1'KONT 1 l-:K FORMATION (cont.)
Kirby Draw 33~95 57
Nuskrat 33&34-91&92 20-60
MuskraL, East 33—9J 21
Pi lot Butte 3-1 30
Poison Spider, West 33-84 117
Sand Draw, South 31&32-fJ4&9 5 90
Steamboat Butte 3&4-1 80
Hag Sand Draw 32-95 20
MUDDY SANDSTONE
Alakii Butte 33S34-95 10
Beaver Creek 33&34-96 15
Grieve 32-85 20-65
Government Bridge 3J — 82 65
Iron Creek 32-82 100
Pilot Butte 3-1 16
PJunkett 1S-1E 20
Poison Spring Creek 3J&32-84 15
RiLter 31&32-84 i5
Sage Spring Creek 37&38-7 76 78 13
Sage Spring Creek, North 37&38-77&78 13
Sand Draw, South 31&32-94&95 22
Poison Spider 33-82&83 10-15
Wildcat 31-82 25
Poros i ty
(%)
PenncabillCyc
(nicl)
lis L i mated
Transnii rs i vi [ )
(gal/day-f t)
18 60-100 60-105
14 60-100 20-110
15-20 40-80 15-30
18 50-80 30-45
10 1 2
15 1-25 1-40
20 40-80 60-120
10-25 70-810 25-300
15 30 5
7 10-J5 3-5
20 15-40 5-50
15 30-50 35-60
10 20-30 35-55
11 1 1
18 N.A. N.A.
16 4 1
15-20 5-10 1-2
15 10-20 4-8
15 10-20 4-8
N.A. 1-10 1-4
15 8 1-2
11-17 10-190 5-85
-------
Table IV-3.
(cant i micd)
Format. 1 on
Name of F i e 1 d
Local: i on '
Thickness of
Producing interval
(feet:)
CLOVLRLY FORMA) I ON - Dakota Sandstone
Fish Creek 31-84
Kish Creak 31-84
ML. Rogers 33-94&95
Snj;e Crcnk 37&38-77&78
CLOVLRLY FORMATION - LakuLa Sandstone
Heaver Creek 33&34-
Fish Creek 31-84
Kirhy Draw 33-95
Mt. Rogers 33-94&95
Steamboat Butte 3&4-]
MORRISON FORMATION
Alkali BuLte 33634-95
Big Sand Draw 32&33-95
Powder River 36-85
Poison Spider, West 33-84
SUNDANCE FORMATION
Poison Spider 33-82683
Po ison\Sp i der 33-82&83
NUCCET SANDSTONE
Steamboat Butte 3&4-1
Wildcat 2— J — J B
CHUGWATER GROUP undivided
Clark Ranch 35-84
RoJff Lake 6-3
Sage Creek Anticline 1-L
Sheldon, Northwest 6-3
125
70
60
25
40-60
60-80
40-60
70-80
20-40
25
15
60
30
25
40
100-130
25
20-45
60-70
20
40-50
Poros i t y
(%)
c
PermenbiIi Ly
(md)
K s L i mn L ca
T r r't n s ni i ^ s i v i L y
(nal/day/f L)
19
20
15
13
15
18-20
15-20
20-25
15
10
10
15
8-20
18
20
15
10-20
15
14
10-15
14
550-1160
1100-1200
350-400
100-300
100-300
500-600
100-300
300-400
50-100
1-5
1-10
10-20
1-6
100-200
200
100
1-290
1-15
15-20
1-10
50-130
1250-2640
1400-1530
380-440
45-3 40
70-330
550-875
70-330
380-580
20-70
1-2
1-3
10-20
1-3
45-90
145
180-240
1-130
1-10
15-25
1-4
35-120
-------
Table 1 V - 3.
(con Li nued)
I'orni.it ion
Name of Field
Locat ion
Thickness of
Producing Interval
(feet)
IJ I NWUODV FORMAT TON
Ko1ff Lake, Northwest
I'HUSrilORlA FORMATION
Big Sand Draw
Circle Ridge
ll.il liis
I>e rhy
Dubo i s
Lande I'-IIudson
Long Cruek
Maverick Springs
Okie Draw
Pilot Butte
Ro1f f Lake
Ri vcrton
Sand Draw, South
SheIdon
SLeamboat Butte
Winkleman Dome
W i1dca t
TENSLEEP SANDSTONE
Beaver Creek
Big Sand Draw
Bid Sand Draw
Circle Ridge
6-3
32&33-95
6J.7-2S3
24& 32-99
32-98
42-107
2S. , 1&2F..-99
31-32-94
6-2
37-85
3-]
6-3
1&2S-4&5F.
31&32-94&95
5-2
3&4-1
2-1
2S-2E
33f<34-95
32& 33-95
32S33-95
6&7-2f.3
20-30
80-90
AO
30-40
10
50
70
AO
] 5
20
30
50
100
60-70
20
60
70-80
40
70
51
150
150
Porosi ty
a)
Pe rmeah i 1 i I"y
("id )
Es1i maLed
Transmi ss i v i Ly^
(gal/day/f t)
15 1-15 1-10
23 1 1
J 6 25-75 20-60
10-15 50 30-35
1 3 25 5
10-15 1-20 1-21)
20 25-50 30-60
15 10-20 10-20
15 25 10
20 25 10
10-20 1 1
15 1 1
N.A. 1-10 1-20
15 1-40 1-50
10-15 1-10 1-4
17 5-10 5-10
15 10-25 10-35
18-24 ]-50 1-40
8 7 10
10-15 100-680 90-650
32 10-50 30-150
14 60-70 160-190
-------
Table 1V-3.
(conli nucd)
Formalion
Name of Field
i,oca L 1 on
Thickness of
I'rocluc i nj; Interval
(Teen)
Poros i Ly
(%)
Perineal)1 Ii Ly
(md)
EslimaLed ;
Transmi ss i v ily
(fial/day/fL)
On
TUNSIJ-KP SANDSTUNh (conl.)
I.andc r - llud son J k 2E-99W
Notches 37-85
Dallas 24f>32-99
Derby 46,5-98
Pilot liultcj 3-1
Sand Draw, South 3 1 & 32-94J.9 5
Sheldon 5-2
Steamboat BuLtc 36.4-1
Winkleinan Dome 2-1
DAKWLN SANDSTONE
Circle Ridge 6&7-2S3
MADISON LIMESTONE
100
20
25-30
5
150
70-100
20-30
200
160
40
J 5
J 7-20
15
15
15
15
5-10
14
15
11
10-40
100-400
100-200
100-250
80-100
5-300
1-5
60
50-150
1-50
20-80
35 — J A 5
45-110
10-25
220-2 75
5-550
1-3
220
145-435
1-35
Circle Ridge
6&7-2i3
40-50
12-15
1-10
1-10
Sources of data include Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission (various); U.S. Geological Survey (various); Wyoming Geological
Association, Oil and Gas Fields Symposium (1957; supplemented 1961); Petroleum Information Corp. (various).
^Township (norLli) - range (west), unless otherwise specified.
Cmd x 18.2 x 10 = gal 1 onfi/day/fnot^ .
^Transmissivi ty estimated using T = (K) (.0182) (b) , where 'I = transmlssiviLy (ga 1 /day-f t) , K = permeabiLity (md), and b = producing Lhick-
ness (feet), and assuming a water temperature of 60°F.
-------
in the unit with increased depth in the Sighorn basin (Libra and others,
1981).
Permeabilities in the Madison Limestone are largely the result
of fractures, joints, and solution cavities. Interstitial perme-
abilities are small to negligible because much of the unit is finely-
crystalline and very dense. The most productive parts of the Madison
Limestone are comprised of saturated caverns developed along solution
cavities. In general, most cavern development is in the upper third
of the unit.
Hydrogeologic data are limited for the Amsden Formation, Darby
Formation, and Bighorn Dolomite. This is because most wells penetrating
the Tensleep aquifer system encounter sufficient yields in the upper
part of the system. Also, these formations are not as permeable as
the overlying units. This is because the Amsden, Darby, and Bighorn
formations are comprised of very dense, finely crystalline limestone
and dolomite, and calcareous siltstone and shale. Permeabilities in
the units are largely the result of partings between bedding planes,
joints, fractures, and solution cavities. Numerous springs discharge
small quantities of water (less than 10 gallons/minute) along the Wind
River and Owl Creek mountains.
Approximately 200 wells completed in the Tensleep aquifer system
were identified by this study. The locations of selected wells are
shown on Plate B-l. Based on data for about 60 of the wells, repre-
sentative aquifer parameters were calculated. The results range as
2
follows: (1) permeability, 1 to 1,000 gallons/day/foot ; (2) trans-
missivity, 10 to 4 x 10^ gallons/day/foot; and (3) storage coefficient
1 x 10~3 to 8 x 10"5.
68
-------
Recharge to the Tensleep aquifer system occurs mainly by infil-
tration of precipitation into outcrops of the unit. Outcrop locations
are shown on Plate C-l. Excellent recharge potential exists along
the elevated flanks of the Wind River and Owl Creek mountains, where
annual precipitation exceeds 60 inches/year, and numerous perennial
streams flow across outcrops of the unit. An excellent example of
surface-water recharge to the Tensleep aquifer occurs along Sinks
Canyon where the Middle Popo Agie River floods sinkholes developed in
the Madison Limestone.
PHOSPHORIA AQUIFER
The Permian rocks within the basin comprise one of the most complex
Paleozoic systems in Wyoming. Striking lithologic variations occur
from west to east across the basin, thus causing problems with accepted
nomenclature and correlation. The reader is referred to Boutwell (1947),
Blackwelder (1911, 1918), Condit (1924), Thomas (1934), Burk and
Thomas (1956), McKelvey and others (1956), Keefer and Van Lieu (1966) ,
for detailed investigations and summaries of the Permian system within
central Wyoming. For the purposes of this report the Permian rocks
within the Wind River basin are divided as follows according to
location: (1) western basin - Phosphoria Formation, (2) central
basin - Park City Formation, and (3) eastern basin - Goose Egg
Formation.
The term Phosphoria aquifer as defined herein refers to all
Permian age water-bearing rocks. The Phosphoria aquifer is a complex
series of permable sandstones and relatively impermeable limestone,
dolomite, and siltstone. The presence of the limestone, dolomite,
69
-------
and siltstone layers creates a series of confined sandstone subaquifers,
which are hydraulically integrated by faults and fractures.
When defining the regional extent of the Phosphoria aquifer it
is critical to understand the lateral facies changes within the
Permian rocks. In general, aquifer properties deteriorate eastward
because of major lithologic changes. For example, the aquifer is
comprised of the Phosphoria and Park City formations, respectively,
in the western and central parts of the basin. These units are
predominantly comprised of sandstone, limestone, and dolomite.
Reported production for selected wells completed in these units ranges
from several tens to 1,500 gallons/minute. However, in the eastern
part of the basin the Permian rocks consist of the Goose Egg Formation
which is predominantly comprised of shale, siltstone, limestone, and
gypsum. Production from wells completed in the Goose Egg Formation is
generally less than 100 gallons/minute.
Phosphoria aquifer properties also deteriorate vertically because
of changes in lithologies. For example, the Phosphoria and Park City
formations grade downward to massive limestone, dolomite, and inter-
bedded shale. These units are virtually impermeable, and as shown on
Figure II-6 are considered confining layers between the Phosphoria
aquifer and the underlying Tensleep aquifer system.
Interstitial permeabilities in the Phosphoria aquifer are generally
2
small (less than 10 gallons/day/foot ). Permeabilities are significantly
enhanced where the aquifer is faulted and fractured, such as along the
Owl Creek and Wind River mountains. Based on data for selected petro-
leum tests completed in structurally deformed parts of the aquifer,
permeabilities and transmissivities, respectively, range from 10 to
70
-------
2 2 3
180 gallons/day/foot , and 4 x 10 to 5 x 10 gallons/day/foot (Wyoming
Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, various; Wyoming Geological
Association, 1957).
The significance of fracture-enhanced permeabilities in the
Phosphoria aquifer is evidenced by two wells located, respectively, at
T. 30 N., R. 96 W., sec. 7, and T. 30 N., R. 97 W., sec. 11. Both
wells are completed in faulted and fractured parts of the aquifer.
The former well is about 300 feet deep and the water is under sufficient
head to flow an estimated 700 gallons/minute. The latter well is about
260 feet deep and reportedly flows about 150 to 200 gallons/minute
(Wyoming State Engineer's Office, various; Whitcomb and Lowry, 1968).
SUNDANCE-NUGGET AQUIFER
The Sundance-Nugget aquifer is comprised of the Jurassic Sundance
Formation and the Jurassic-Triassic Nugget Sandstone and is a regional
aquifer in the Wind River basin. With the exception of the Granite
Mountains area, the aquifer underlies the entire basin and is 200 to
900 feet thick. Ground water in the aquifer is under semi-confined to
confined conditions.
The Sundance-Nugget aquifer crops out along the Wind River and Owl
Creek mountains. It is deeply buried in all other parts of the basin.
Intergranular permeabilities in the unit are relatively large. Based
on drill-stem test data, permeabilities range from 1 to 20 gallons/day/
2
foot . Estimated transmissivities in the unit range from about 1 to
2
2.5 x 10 gallons/day/foot.
The Sundance-Nugget aquifer yields water to shallow domestic and
stock wells along the Wind River and Owl Creek mountains. According
71
-------
to the Wyoming State Engineer's Office (1981) production for wells
along outcrops ranges between 1 and 50 gallons/minute. Several wells
are reported as under artesian conditions with sufficient head to
produce up. to 8 gallons/minute. Specific capacity data for the various
domestic and stock wells range from about 0.1 to 35 gallons/minute/foot
of drawdown.
The Sundance-Nugget aquifer is a productive unit throughout the
Wind River basin. It can be easily identified in electric well logs
and is almost always reported as "permeable and saturated" in petroleum
drillers reports (Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, various).
For example, selected deep-basin petroleum tests have encountered
sufficient heads in the Sundance and Nugget formations to produce flows
of 1 to 10 gallons/minute from well depths of about 1,300 to 5,400 feet
(Table IV-2).
CLOVERLY AQUIFER
With the exception of the Granite Mountains area, the Cretaceous
Cloverly Formation underlies the entire basin and is 200 to 300 feet
thick. The unit is comprised of fine- to coarse-grained sandstone,
variegated shale, and thin, lenticular chert pebble conglomerate. The
unit is informally divided into three members that are herein referred
to as the (1) upper sandstone, (2) middle shale, and (3) basal sandstone.
The three members correlate respectively with the Dakota Sandstone,
Fuson Shale, and Lakota Sandstone. The upper and basal sandstones are
the most water-bearing.
The Cloverly aquifer is overlain and underlain, respectively, by
the Thermopolis Shale and the Morrison Formation, both of which are
regional confining layers. The presence of the middle shale member of
72
-------
the Cloverly Formation creates two confined sandstone subaquifers in
the Cloverly aquifer. Based on water-encountered reports for selected
petroleum tests, the water in the subaquifers is under sufficient head
to produce flows of 1 to 25 gallons/minute at the surface from drilling
depths up to 8,000 feet (Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission,
various).
Based on production records for 34 wells penetrating or completed
in the Cloverly aquifer, well yields range from 1 to 350 gallons/minute
(Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, various; Wyoming State
Engineer, 1981; Dana, 1962). Typical well yields are less than 50
gallons/minute. Wells with greater yield are generally associated with
densely fractured and faulted areas where permeabilities in the rocks
are significantly enhanced.
Permeabilities in the Cloverly aquifer are largely dependent on
the degree of fracturing of the unit. In relatively unfractured areas
2
permeabilities in the aquifer are less than 5 gallons/day/foot .
Conversely, in faulted and folded areas where fracture densities are
maximized, such as along the east flank of the Wind River Mountains,
the Casper Arch and Gas Hills, permeabilities in the Cloverly aquifer
2
range between 20 and 40 gallons/day/foot . Another example of
fracture-enhanced permeability involves water wells drilled by Union
Carbide Corporation along the west flank of the Dutton basin anticline.
The wells are completed in highly fractured parts of the Cloverly
aquifer and production ranges from 100 to 350 gallons/minute. Esti-
2
mated permeabilities range up to 50 gallons/day/foot , and transmis-
3
sivities range up to 4 x 10 gallons/day/foot.
73
-------
The Cloverly aquifer crops out along the Casper Arch, Wind River
Mountains, Owl Creek Mountains, and Gas Hills. In such areas the
Cloverly aquifer yields water to shallow stock wells and small springs.
Based on well permits specific capacities for the various wells range
from 0.02 to 5 gallons/minute/foot. Spring discharges are generally
less than 10 gallons/minute.
Excellent recharge potential to the Cloverly aquifer exists along
the Wind River Mountains. Sources of recharge are infiltration of
precipitation into Cloverly outcrops and infiltration of surface water
from creeks and rivers that cross the unit. Major perennial streams
that cross Cloverly outcrops include the Wind, Little Wind, and Popo
Agie rivers, and Beaver and Sage creeks.
MUDDY AQUIFER
The Muddy aquifer underlies the entire study area and is comprised
of the Cretaceous Muddy Sandstone (Figure II-6). The aquifer is 20 to
75 feet thick and comprised of poorly to well sorted, fine- to coarse-
grained salt and pepper sandstone that grades locally to sandy shale.
The Muddy Sandstone is a major oil and gas reservoir in the basin.
The Muddy Sandstone is saturated throughout the Wind River basin,
as evidenced by water-encountered reports for petroleum tests (Table
IV-2)and spring locations (U.S. Geological Survey, various; Wyoming
State Engineer's Office, various; Whitcomb and Lowry, 1968). Ground
water in the aquifer is under confined conditions with sufficient head
to produce flows of 10 to 40 gallons/minute from well depths of 2,000
feet (Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, various). Accord-
ing to the Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, as much as
70 gallons/minute of water is produced by selected petroleum wells.
74
-------
Based on drill-stem test data, permeabilities in the Muddy Sand-
2
stone are generally less than 3 gallons/day/foot (Table IV-3).
Permeabilities are relatively low because the sandstones comprising
the aquifer are tightly cemented and often have a silty matrix. Trans-
missivities are generally less than 5 gallons/day/foot. The fact
that the Muddy Sandstone is often artificially fractured to induce
hydrocarbon flow in petroleum wells substantiates the low estimated
permeabilities.
In tectonically deformed areas, such as the Rattlesnake Hills and
Casper Arch, permeabilities are fracture-enhanced, as evidenced by
2
estimated permeabilities of 10 to 25 gallons/day/foot . Estimated
2
transmissivities in these areas range up to 1 x 10 gallons/day/foot.
Sandstone porosities in these areas range from 15 to 36 percent (Wyoming
Geological Association, 1957, 1961).
FRONTIER AQUIFER
The Cretaceous Frontier Formation is comprised of alternating
sandstones, shale, and siltstone. The sandstone parts are fine- to
medium-grained, thin-bedded to massive, and locally glaucontic. The
shale is fissile, silty and sandy, medium-bedded to massive, and
locally carbonaceous. The siltstone is massive. With the exception
of the Granite Mountains area, the Frontier Formation underlies the
entire Wind River basin, and crops out along the Wind River Mountains,
the Owl Creek Mountains, the Gas Hills, and Casper Arch. The unit is
about 500 to 1,000 feet thick.
The Frontier aquifer as defined here is comprised of a series of
permeable interbedded sandstones and relatively impermeable shale
75
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and siltstone. The presence of the shale and siltstone creates a
series of confined sandstone subaquifers within the unit. The aquifer
is about 400 to 600 feet thick and occurs in the upper two-thirds of
the Frontier Formation. The basal one-third of the Frontier Formation
is a regional confining layer.
The upper two-thirds of the Frontier Formation is saturated
throughout the basin, as evidenced by spring occurrences, waters
encountered in petroleum tests, and stock and domestic wells. The
water is under semi-confined to confined conditions.
Based on drill-stem test data for selected petroleum tests,
sandstone porosities in the aquifer range from 10 to 25 percent (Table
2
IV-3). Permeabilities range from 1 to AO gallons/day/foot ; transmis-
2
sivities range from 1 to 3 x 10 gallons/day/foot (Table IV-3).
Selected petroleum tests have encountered sufficient heads in the
Frontier aquifer to produce flows of 10 to 25 gallons/minute from
depths up to 5,000 feet (Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission,
various).
The Frontier aquifer is an excellent source of ground water for
shallow stock and domestic wells along the Wind River Mountains. Based
on well data for 54 wells in this area, production ranges between 5
and 150 gallons/minute. Estimated transmissivities for these wells
2 A
range from 1 x 10 to 4.5 x 10 gallons/day/foot. Specific capacities
range from about 10 to 65 gallons/minute/foot of drawdown.
Numerous springs discharge from the aquifer along the Wind River
Mountains. Maximum reported discharges are about 65 gallons/minute;
however, most springs discharge less than 25 gallons/minute. The
springs are typically fault- and fractured-controlled.
76
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In the Gas Hills and Casper Arch areas, the Frontier Formation is
largely comprised of siltstone, shale, and silty sandstones. In
these areas the aquifer is poorly developed because of relatively
small permeabilities. Stock wells generally produce less than 15
gallons/minute in these areas. Specific capacities range from about
0.01 to 2 gallons/minute/foot of drawdown.
Recharge to the Frontier aquifer occurs by (1) infiltration of
precipitation into outcrops, (2) infiltration of surface water where
streams cross the unit, and (3) leakage of water from adjacent units.
The largest potential recharge areas are along the Wind River and Owl
Creek mountains. Excellent recharge potential exists in the southwest
part of the basin where the Popo Agie River, Little Popo Agie River,
and Beaver Creek flow across several miles of exposed Frontier sandstones.
MESAVERDE AQUIFER
The Mesaverde aquifer underlies much of the Wind River basin and
is comprised of the Cretaceous Mesaverde Formation. The Mesaverde
Formation is a complex and variable sequence of sandstone, siltstone,
shale, carbonaceous shale, and coal, and is 550 to 2,000 feet thick.
The unit crops out along the Owl Creek Mountains in the northwest part
of the basin and along the Casper Arch and Gas Hills in the eastern
and central areas. The Mesaverde Formation also forms a relatively
small but conspicuous northwest-trending ridge in the western part of
the basin.
The Mesaverde aquifer is divided into two permeable sandstone
units separated by a relatively impermeable shale and siltstone unit.
The presence of the impermeable unit creates two confined subaquifers
77
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within the Mesaverde aquifer that are hydraulically connected by
faults and fractures.
The upper permeable sandstone subaquifer is herein referred to as
the Teapot horizon. The Teapot horizon is comprised of very fine- to
coarse-grained, massive to crossbedded, moderately porous and friable
sandstone and is 50 to 450 feet thick. The Teapot horizon correlates
with the productive Pine Ridge Sandstone horizon in the Laramie, Shirley,
and Hanna basins (Richter, 1981). The Teapot is easily recognized
because the unit forms conspicuous dip slopes often covered by dense
stands of pine trees.
The Teapot horizon is saturated throughout the basin based on
water-encountered reports for petroleum tests (Table IV-2) , production
intervals in water wells, and spring locations. Wells completed in
the Teapot horizon produce 5 to 500 gallons/minute; springs discharge
up to 100 gallons/minute. Based on drill-stem test data permeabilities
2
in the Teapot horizon range between 20 and 150 gallons/day/foot .
Porosity averages about 20 percent. Based on one pump test the trans-
2
missivity of the Teapot horizon in the Kirby Draw is 4.5 x 10
galIons/day/foot.
The middle part of the Mesaverde Formation is comprised of silt-
stone, massive to thin-bedded shale, carbonaceous shale, and thin-
bedded discontinuous dirty sandstone. Wells penetrating this unit
generally do not encounter significant quantities of ground water.
This unit is 200 to 400 feet thick.
The lower permeable unit in the Mesaverde aquifer is subdivided
into two saturated sandstone horizons, the Parkman and Fales sand-
stones. In the east and east-central parts of the basin the two units
78
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are separated by shales and siltstones comprising the Wallace Creek
tongue of the Cretaceous Cody Shale (Hares and others, 1946; Rich,
1958; Barwin, 1961).
The Parkman and Fales sandstones are characteristically very fine
to medium-grained, irregularly bedded to massive and crossbedded, well
cemented to moderately friable. According to Keefer (1972) individual
beds range from a few feet to 250 feet thick. Permeabilities in the
2
units are generally less than 20 gallons/day/foot . This is because
the sandstones are well cemented with calcareous and ferruginous cement.
Estimates of transmissivity range from 5 to 70 gallons/day/foot.
Wells completed in the Parkman and Fales sandstone produce less than
100 gallons/minute.
Permeabilities in the Mesaverde aquifer are enhanced where the
unit is faulted and fractured. For example, several unnamed fault-
controlled springs discharge 20 to 100 gallons/minute from the unit
southeast of Riverton, Wyoming, near the head of Kirby Draw.
Fracture-enhanced permeability has a significant influence on
waterflood recovery efforts in the Sand Draw-Beaver Creek areas. For
example, the Beaver Creek gas field, Madison and Second Cody units,
are situated on a gently dipping, faulted anticline. Both units
produce ground water from the Mesaverde aquifer for secondary recovery.
Selected water wells in the field produce up to 300 gallons/minute.
Recharge to the Mesaverde aquifer occurs largely by (1) direct
infiltration of precipitation into Mesaverde outcrops, and (2)
infiltration of surface water from streams that cross Mesaverde out-
crops. Recharge by precipitation largely occurs in the Casper Arch,
79
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Gas Hills, ana Owl Creek Mountain areas. Large surface-water recharge
potential exists where the Wind, Little Wind, and Popo Agie rivers
cross permeable Mesaverde sandstone exposures.
The Mesaverde aquifer has not been developed for municipal and
community use because few towns or public facilities are situated
near Mesaverde outcrops. Towns underlain by the Mesaverde Formation
do not utilize the aquifer because of the availability of surface
water and shallow ground-water supplies.
FORT UNION-LANCE AQUIFER
The Fort Union-Lance aquifer is comprised of the basal Fort
Union Formation and the upper Lance Formation. The aquifer underlies
the entire basin, with the exception of the Granite Mountains area.
Insufficient data exist to estimate the saturated thickness of the
aquifer. The Fort Union and Lance formations crop out in the Gas
Hills and Rattlesnake Hills, and along the flanks of the Wind River
and Owl Creek mountains. The units are deeply buried in the central
and northern parts of the basin with drilling depths ranging from
6,000 to 12,000 feet (Table IV-2).
Permeable horizons in the Fort Union-Lance aquifer are comprised
of fine- to coarse-grained massive sandstone and conglomeratic channel
sandstone. The permeable units are confined by massive to thin-
bedded siltstone and carbonaceous shale. Petroleum test wells pene-
trating the Fort Union-Lance aquifer have encountered sufficient head
to produce flows of 10 to 15 gallons/minute from depths up to 8,000
feet.
80
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Based on drill-stem test data permeabilities in the Fort Union-
Lance aquifer are generally less than 15 md or about 10 gallons/day/
2
foot . Porosity ranges from 15 to 20 percent. Estimates of transmis-
sivity range between 10 and 200 gallons/day/foot. Interstitial
permeabilities in the aquifer are relatively small; however, enhanced
fracture permeability exists in tectonically deformed parts of the
basin.
The Fort Union-Lance aquifer supplies water to shallow domestic
and stock wells along outcrops of the unit in the Gas Hills and Casper
Arch areas. Locations of selected wells are shown on Plate B-l. Well
yields are typically less than 20 gallons/minute. However, selected
petroleum tests along the Casper Arch have encountered flows up to 350
gallons/minute from the unit (Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation
Commission, various).
WIND RIVER AQUIFER
The Wind River aquifer is comprised of the Tertiary Wind River
Formation. The unit underlies the entire Wind River basin and is 250
to 1,030 feet thick. The Wind River Formation is comprised of
argillaceous sandstone, variegated siltstone, shale, and claystone,
and interbedded fine-grained sandstone and arkose.
The Wind River aquifer is a major source of ground water for
domestic, agricultural, and industrial wells within the basin.
Based on well data from the Wyoming State Engineer's Office (1981)
there are 1,708 permitted wells completed in the Wind River Formation.
Locations are shown on Plate B-l. About 60 percent of these wells are
81
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located within the Wind River Reservation, 30 percent are in the Gas
Hills-Rattlesnake Hills area, and the remaining 10 percent are
scattered elsewhere within the basin.
Permeable horizons in the Wind River Formation are generally
restricted to sandstone, conglomerate, and arkosic sandstone units.
Intergranular permeabilities in the sandstone range up to 2,500
2
gallons/day/foot . Although some sandstone units can be correlated
across the basin, most sandstones are lenticular and discontinuous,
and separated by less permeable shale and siltstone. The presence of
the shales and siltstones create a series of semi-confined and con-
fined sandstone subaquifers within the Wind River Formation.
Production for wells completed in the Wind River Formation varies
according to facies changes within the unit. In general, perme-
abilities and well production increase westward with increased
predominance of sandstone lithologies. For example, in the eastern
parts of the basin the unit is comprised of argillaceous sandstone,
siltstone, and shale, and as a result permeabilities are small and
well yields are less than 50 gallons/minute. In the central part of
the basin the unit is comprised of arkosic sandstone, sandstone, and
siltstone, and well yields range up to 300 gallons/minute. In the
western part of the basin, the Wind River Formation is comprised
mainly of clean lenticular sandstone, channel sandstone, conglomerate,
and interbedded shales. Well production in this area ranges up to
1,500 gallons/minute (Robinove, 1958; Morris and others, 1959).
As previously stated, the most permeable and productive part
of the Wind River aquifer is situated in the western third of the
basin. Based on pump test data for selected wells near Riverton
82
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3
and Lander transmissivities range from 3 x 10 to 4.2 x 10 gallons/
-4
day/foot, whereas storage coefficients range between 1 x 10 and 2.1
x 10 5 (Morris and others, 1959; Wyoming State Engineer's Office, 1981).
Estimated hydraulic conductivities range up to about 50 feet/day.
Confined ground-water conditions have been encountered in the
Wind River aquifer in the Lander, Riverton, Ethete, and Shoshoni areas.
According to Robinove (1958), Morris and others (1959), and the Wyoming
State Engineer (1981) flows up to 300 gallons/minute from well depths
of 400 feet have been reported for the various wells. Most of the
artesian wells are situated along highly fractured anticlines where
permeabilities are fracture-enhanced.
Numerous springs discharge from the Wind River Formation in
the eastern and central parts of the basin. They usually discharge
less than 10 gallons/minute; however, maximum discharges of 80 to
120 gallons/minute have been reported for springs in the Gas Hills
area (Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, various). Most
springs discharge from intergranular pore spaces in permeable sand-
stones and are typically perched above less permeable shales. In
general, spring discharges are highly variable, being dependent on
seasonal recharge.
With the exception of the southeastern part of the basin, regional
ground-water flow in the Wind River aquifer is toward the Wind River
and Boysen Reservoir. In the southeastern part of the basin regional
ground-water flow is toward the east with flow converging on Alcova
and Pathfinder reservoirs.
83
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Recharge to the Wind River aquifer occurs mainly by infiltra-
tion of precipitation into Wind River Formation outcrops. Additional
recharge occurs by infiltration of irrigation water and leakage of
water from adjacent units. Insufficient data exist to allow meaning-
ful estimates of recharge to the aquifer.
ARIKAREE AQUIFER
The Arikaree aquifer as defined herein is comprised of the Moon-
stone, Arikaree, and White River formations. The rocks comprising
these units were originally assigned to the Split Rock Formation and
its subdivisions by Love (1961), but that name is now abandoned
(Denson, 1965). The Arikaree aquifer underlies the southern part of
the Wind River basin, principally the Granite Mountains area. The
unit attains a maximum thickness of about 2,500 feet near Muddy Gap
and Split Rock, Wyoming.
The Arikaree aquifer is the principal source for ground water
in the southern part of the basin. About 200 domestic and stock wells
are completed in the aquifer. Locations for selected wells are shown
on Plate B-l.
Much of the Arikaree aquifer is elevated and dissected in the
southwest part of the Granite Mountains area, and in such locations
the aquifer is unconfined. However, in the Split Rock syncline the
aquifer is structurally depressed and laterally continuous, and in
such areas the aquifer is semi-confined.
Based on elevations of water levels for selected wells and
elevations of springs, regional ground-water flow in the Arikaree
aquifer is eastward and flow converges on the Sweetwater River and
tributary canyons.
84
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The upper part of the Arikaree aquifer is comprised of the
Pliocene Moonstone Formation, which is up to 1,350 feet thick in the
area; however, only the basal 800 feet is saturated. The unit consists
largely of coarse- to medium-grained sandstone, pumicite, tuff,
conglomerate, claystone, and gravel.
Wells completed in the upper part of the Arikaree aquifer generally
yield less than 100 gallons/minute, but yields up to 500 gallons/
minute have been reported for selected wells along the Sweetwater
River, near Jeffrey City, Wyoming. Estimated permeabilities and trans-
2
missivities, respectively, range between 10 and 180 gallons/day/foot ,
1 2
and 1 x 10 to 6 x 10 gallons/day/foot. Ground water in the Moon-
stone Formation is usually unconfined.
The middle part of the Arikaree aquifer consists of the Miocene
Arikaree Formation. The unit crops out extensively between the
southern border of the study area and the Sweetwater River. The
Arikaree Formation is predominantly comprised of fine- to medium-
grained tuffaceous sandstone with thin flaggy limestone, tuff,
conglomerate, and arkose interbeds. Maximum saturated thickness of
the unit is about 1,000 feet.
The Arikaree Formation is the most productive horizon in the
Arikaree aquifer. It is not uncommon for wells completed in this
horizon to produce 1,000 gallons/minute with less than 50 feet of
drawdown. These wells have total drilling depths less than 250 feet.
Based on pump test data permeabilities in the Arikaree Formation range
2
from 10 to 450 gallons/day/foot . Calculated transmissivities range
up to 4.5 x 10^ gallons/day/foot.
85
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Numerous springs discharge from the Arikaree Formation in the
Southeast part of the Wind River basin. They are perched above rela-
tively impermeable claystone and shale, and generally discharge less
than 20 gallons/minute. Most springs discharge along partings
between bedding planes.
The basal part of the Arikaree aquifer includes the upper 500 to
600 feet of the White River Formation. The unit is comprised of
calcareous fine- to medium-grained sandstone with tuff, bentonite, and
fine-pebble conglomerate.
QUATERNARY DEPOSITS
Unconsolidated alluvium, colluvium, and terrace deposits of
Recent age underlie all major flood plains in the Wind River basin.
The unconsolidated material consists mainly of thin to medium beds of
clay, silt, fine- to coarse-grained sand, fine- to coarse-pebble
conglomerate, gravel, and boulders. The deposits range from 5 to 200
feet thick, but are generally less than AO feet thick (McGreevy and
others, 1969; Morris and others, 1959). They have excellent develop-
ment potential as productive aquifers because permeabilities are
large and because in many places the entire thickness is saturated.
Ground water in the Quaternary deposits is unconfined. Water-
table conditions are dependent on seasonal recharge and vary widely
throughout the year. Recharge to the deposits occurs by (1) infil-
tration of precipitation into outcrops, (2) discharge from bedrock
units, (3) stream loss, and (4) irrigation. Maximum recharge occurs
in March and July.
86
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About 1,100 wells are completed in alluvium along the Wind,
Little Wind, and Popo Agie rivers, and along Beaver, Muskrat, Muddy,
and Fivemile creeks. The locations of selected wells are shown on
Plate B-l. Based on pump test data, permeabilities in the alluvium
2
range from 10 to 1,300 gallons/day/foot (McGreevy and others, 1969;
Dana, 1962; Wyoming State Engineer's Office, 1981). Transmissivities
range up to 2.5 x 10"* gallons/day/foot. According to the Wyoming
State Engineer's Office (1981), well yields range from 5 to 5,500
galIons/minute.
Excellent ground-water resources potential exists for saturated
colluvial deposits along the Owl Creek and Wind River mountains. For
the purposes of this report, glacial deposits are included as colluvium.
As shown on Plate B-l, about 50 wells are completed in colluvial
deposits near Dubois, Wyoming. Such wells typically produce from 5 to
150 gallons/minute (Wyoming State Engineer's Office, 1981). Perme-
2
abilities in the deposits range up to 200 gallons/day/foot . According
to Morris and others (1959) and McGreevy and others (1969) porosities
range up to 45 percent.
Terrace deposits along major surface-water drainages are the
thickest Quaternary units in the basin, ranging up to about 200 feet.
Water-bable conditions are highly variable in the terrace deposits,
being directly dependent on seasonal recharge. It is not uncommon for
static water levels to vary as much as 50 feet in deep terrace wells,
whereas some shallow terrace wells "dry up" during late summer and
early fall.
Most terrace deposits are elevated and well drained; however,
reported production rates for selected terrace wells in the Riverton-
87
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Lander areas range up to 150 gallons/minute (Wyoming State Engineer's
Office, 1981; Dana, 1962). Based on pump test data for selected
wells, permeabilities in the deposits range up to 1,000 gallons/
day/foot , whereas transmissivities range up to 3 x 10 gallons/
day/foot.
88
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V. GROUND - WATER CIRCULATION
-------
V. GROUND-WATER CIRCULATION
Ground water moves in response to hydraulic gradients. Hydraulic
gradients develop naturally and are inclined from areas of recharge
to points of discharge.
Principal factors influencing ground-water circulation are (1)
recharge rates and (2) permeabilities. Obviously, if available recharge
to an aquifer is small, the amount of ground water that will flow
through the aquifer or be taken into storage by the aquifer will be
proportionately small. Similarly, if permeabilities in the aquifer are
small, ground-water flow rates will be small.
FACTORS INFLUENCING PERMEABILITY
Permeabilities in the rocks in the Wind River basin are signifi-
cantly enhanced by fractures, which are generally associated with
tectonic structures. Consequently, ground-water resource evaluation
in the basin requires information on the type, distribution, and
intensity of fracturing associated with the various structures.
Folds, faults, and associated fractures are hydraulically
important because they establish vertically and horizontally integrated
zones of large permeability. Although fractures associated with folds
and faults are localized, their permeabilities are several orders of
magnitude larger than adjacent unfractured rocks. As a result, ground-
water flow rates are significantly greater in the saturated units along
the structures. The fact that yields from wells situated in tectonic-
ally deformed areas are typically greater than from wells completed
90
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in relatively undeformed areas of the same aquifers substantiates the
previous statement. It is also a fact that most major springs in the
basin are associated with tectonic structures.
The regional structure of the basin is shown on Plate A-l. As
shown, the rocks along the Wind River and Owl Creek mountains are
severely faulted and folded. Ground-water circulation in these
fractured rocks is significantly enhanced because the faults and folds
increase permeabilities. The ground-water resources potential in
these rocks is excellent because (1) permeabilities are enhanced, and
(2) available recharge is large because the mountains are principal
recharge areas.
By comparison, relatively few folds and faults dissect the rocks
in the central part of the basin. As a result, ground-water circula-
tion in these rocks is relatively small because fracture permeabilities
and interstitial permeabilities are negligible. Few large-capacity
wells (yields greater than 500 gallons/minute) exist in the central
part of the basin.
REGIONAL GROUND-WATER CIRCULATION
Potentiometric data are insufficient to allow construction of
meaningful water level maps for all of the permeable units in the
basin. However, based on potentiometric indicators such as static
water levels encountered in water wells, elevations of springs, and
estimated potentiometric levels based on petroleum drill-stem tests,
ground-water circulation in the Lower Cretaceous rocks is generally
basinward, as shown on Figure V-l. An exception to the previous state-
ment involves the Granite Mountains area, where ground-water flow is
91
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EXPLANATION
__—6round-«oter f low direction
—^ Ground-woter divide
Precambrian rocks
20 >0 40 JO l
Figure V-l. Generalized ground-water flow directions in the Lower
Cretaceous rocks, Wind River basin, Wyoming.
-------
toward the Split Rock syncline which separates the basin from the
Washakie-Red Desert basin. With the exception of the Quaternary
deposits and the Arikaree aquifer, ground-water flow directions shown
on Figure V-l can be used to approximate flow directions in the
various aquifers in the basin. This is because the aquifers have
similar recharge-discharge areas and are influenced by similar struc-
tural controls.
According to Whitcomb and Lowry (1968), ground-water flow in the
eastern part of the basin is eastward toward the Casper Arch. Hodson
and others (1973) indicate that ground-water flow occurs eastward from
the basin, across the Casper Arch, and drains to the Powder River basin.
Insufficient potentiometric data exist to adequately document ground-
water drainage from the Wind River basin to the Powder River basin;
therefore, flow direction arrows shown on Figure V-l for the Casper
Arch area are questionable.
GROUND-WATER CIRCULATION IN THE
QUATERNARY DEPOSITS AND ARIKAREE AQUIFER
Saturated Quaternary deposits and the Arikaree aquifer are
areally limited units. For example, saturated Quaternary deposits
are geographically confined to surface drainage areas, whereas the
Arikaree aquifer is situated only in the southern part of the basin.
Locally, the units are extensively developed for ground-water use, and
as a result numerous potentiometric data exist.
Ground-water flow directions in the Quaternary deposits are
mainly toward major surface drainages, lakes, and reservoirs. In the
southern part of the basin the water flows toward the Sweetwater River
93
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and Alcova and Pathfinder reservoirs. In the east and east-central
part of the basin the water drains toward Conant, Muskrat, and Poison
creeks, all of which drain to Boysen Reservoir. In the west and
west-central part of the basin the water drains toward the Wind, Little
Wind, and Popo Agie rivers.
As shown on Figure V-2, ground-water flow in the Arikaree aquifer
is southward and eastward. The water drains largely to springs and
seeps along Pathfinder and Alcova reservoirs and to the Sweetwater
River.
94
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108* 107*
0 10 20 SO 40 Mil**
Figure V-2. Potentiometric surface contours for the Arikaree aquifer,
Wind River basin, Wyoming.
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VI. WATER QUALITY
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VI. WATER QUALITY
Water analyses for approximately 600 wells and springs were
evaluated to determine the quality and chemical character of the
ground water in the various aquifers in the Wind River basin. The
analyses were selected to include: (1) a diversity of geographic
sources for the ground water, (2) a number.of different stratigraphic
and structural settings for the wells and springs, and (3) most of
the major springs in the basin.
The results of selected chemical analyses are presented in
Appendix B. The various ground waters are classified by type based on
the relative proportions of major ions (Piper, 1944). The chemical
analyses provide qualitative insights into: (1) approximate source
rocks for the ground water, (2) evolution of ground-water quality and
therefore direction of ground-water flow in the geologic section, and
(3) relative residence times of the ground water.
Sources of the water quality analyses used in this report are:
Wyoming Water Resources Research Institute, Wyoming State Engineer,
Whitcomb and Lowry (1968), Crawford and Davis (1962), Crawford (1940),
and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1980).
REGIONAL WATER QUALITY
In general, ground waters with total dissolved solids less than
500 mg/1 are encountered in outcrops of the various saturated units
along the elevated flanks of the Wind River, Owl Creek, and Granite
mountains. These are principal recharge areas where residence times
98
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for ground water are relatively short and flow rates are great. The
relatively faster and greater flow rates along mountain flanks result
because of steep hydraulic gradients and because permeabilities in
the rocks are significantly enhanced by fractures. Water qualities
deteriorate basinward mainly because of (1) long residence times, (2)
small flow rates, (3) dissolution of soluble salts from the aquifer
matrix and from adjacent confining layers, and (4) leakage of poor
quality waters from adjacent units. In general, total dissolved solids
concentrations increase as ground-water flow length increases.
Excellent potential exists for encountering ground waters with
less than 1,000 mg/1 total dissolved solids along the east flank of
the Wind River Mountains and the Granite Mountains. For the purposes
of this report, the east flank of the Wind River Mountains includes
the area extending about 15 mile$ east of the Precambrian-Paleozoic
contact and parallel to the length of the range. The flank is
comprised of Cambrian to Cretaceous rocks. In general, good quality
water is encountered in all of the permeable units.
The potential for low dissolved solids waters in the Granite
Mountains area is excellent. In particular, the Split Rock syncline
is an enormous source area for good quality waters.
Water qualities in the central basin and Casper Arch areas are
poor (total dissolved solids greater than 1,500 mg/1). This is because
(1) residence times for the water are generally greater, (2) perme-
abilities are small, and (3) the rocks are comprised mainly of shale,
siltstone, and dirty sandstone.
99
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FLATHEAD AQUIFER
Insufficient data exist to meaningfully evaluate the chemical
qualities of ground water in the Flathead aquifer. This is because
13 of the 16 chemical analyses obtained during this study included
only dissolved solids, sulfate, and nitrate. The three remaining
analyses included most primary and secondary drinking water standards.
Based on these three analyses ground water in the Flathead aquifer is
predominantly calcium-bicarbonate and sodium-sulfate-bicarbonate
rich. All 16 analyses are for waters from shallow outcrop wells and
springs.
In general, water qualities in the Flathead aquifer are very
good. Total dissolved solids analyses for all 16 samples are less
than 425 mg/1, whereas sulfate and nitrate (NO^-N) analyses are,
respectively, below 250 and 5 mg/1.
TENSLEEP AQUIFER SYSTEM
The results of 28 chemical analyses for ground waters in the
Tensleep aquifer are compiled on Table B-l. Twenty-five analyses are
from wells and springs in the Tensleep Sandstone, whereas the remaining
three analyses are from Madison Limestone wells. No complete analyses
were available for waters from the Bighorn, Darby, or Amsden
formations.
As shown on Figure VI-1, ground waters in the Tensleep aquifer
system are of three predominant types: (1) calcium-magnesium-
bicarbonate, (2) calcium-magnesium-sulfate, and (3) sodium-sulfate.
There is an obvious correlation between total dissolved solids, water
type, and well depth. Low total dissolved solids concentrations
100
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Total Dissolved Solids (mg/1)
Figure VI-1. Trilinear diagram showing chemical characteristics of ground
waters from selected wells and springs that discharge from
the Tensleep aquifer system, Wind River basin, Wyoming.
Numbered data points correspond to sample numbers on Table
B-l.
101
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(less than 500 rag/1) are almost always encountered in wells and springs
along outcrops of the aquifer. This water is moderately hard (less
than 180 mg/1 CaCO^) with calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate the
dominant ionic species. Maximum well depths in which calcium-
magnesium-bicarbonate water is encountered is about 3,000 feet. Basin-
ward, and with increased well depths, total dissolved solids concen-
trations increase to more than 3,000 mg/1. In the deep basin waters,
sulfate replaces bicarbonate as the dominant anion in solution, and
sodium replaces magnesium and calcium as the dominant cation. There
is also 'a minor increase in chloride ions as total dissolved solids
increase.
The areal distribution of sampling locations is shown on Plate
C-l. Insufficient data exist to construct total dissolved solids
contours for the entire basin. However, an inferred 1,000 mg/1 contour
line can be constructed along the east flank of the Wind River Mountains.
Maximum drilling depths to the top of the aquifer west of the contour
line are about 3,500 feet. Reasonable explanations for the relatively
good quality water are: (1) the area is a principal recharge zone,
and (2) permeabilities in the rocks are significantly enhanced by
faults and fractures and so ground-water flow rates are great.
Tensleep aquifer system waters are distinguishable from the over-
lying Phosphoria aquifer waters on the basis of sodium and sulfate
concentrations. Based on water quality data on Table B-l, Phosphoria
waters contain 5 to 10 times as much sodium and sulfate as Tensleep
waters. In areas where the two aquifers are hydraulically connected
by faults and fractures representative waters contain intermediate
concentrations of sodium-potassium and sulfate.
102
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PHOSPHORIA AQUIFER
Water analyses for the Phosphoria aquifer are compiled on Table
B-l, and the results are plotted on the trilinear diagram in Figure
VI-2. All of the analyses are for oil-field waters at minimum
drilling depths of about 2,500 feet. Ground waters in the Phosphoria
aquifer are predominantly mixed cation-bicarbonate type.
Based on data presented on Figure VI-2, ground waters in the
Phosphoria aquifer with total dissolved solids concentrations less
than 500 mg/1 contain mixed cation concentrations, whereas bicarbonate
is the dominant anion. As the total dissolved solids increase (500
to >1,000 mg/1) relative sulfate concentrations increase and sodium
becomes the dominant cation. Sample 2 (Figure VI-2) is exceedingly
rich in sodium and chloride ions, unlike any other sampled Phosphoria
waters.
Total dissolved solids concentrations and sampling locations for
ground waters in the Phosphoria aquifer are shown on Plate C-2.
Insufficient data exist to construct total dissolved solids contours
for the entire basin. However, based on available data total dissolved
solids concentrations increase basinward and with drilling depth.
There is also a correlation between total dissolved solids
concentrations and structural deformation of the aquifer. For example,
samples 3, 4, 9, 11, and 19-23 are from wells situated along the axes
of faulted anticlines where permeabilities are significantly enhanced
by fractures. These samples contain total dissolved solids concentra-
tions less than 950 mg/1. It is reasonable to expect that the increased
permeabilities allow for greater flow rates through the aquifer
therefore creating a flushing effect and decreasing relative residence
103
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Total Dissolved Solids (mg/1)
Figure VI-2. Trilinear diagram showing chemical characteristics of ground
waters from selected wells and springs that discharge from
the Phosphoria aquifer, Wind River basin, Wyoming. Numbered
data points correspond to sample numbers on Table B-l.
104
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times of the ground water. Conversely, samples 5, 12, 13, 14, and 16
are for wells located in relatively undeformed areas, and total
dissolved solids concentrations range from 1,683 to 3,797. The rela-
tively large concentrations are most likely the result of (1) long
residence times, (2) small flow rates-low permeabilities, and (3)
dissolution of soluble salts from the aquifer matrix.
SUNDANCE-NUGGET AQUIFER
Water analyses for one Sundance Formation sample and two Nugget
Sandstone samples are compiled on Table B-l. Insufficient data exist
to meaningfully quantify water qualities in the aquifer. Based on
available data the waters are predominantly sodium-sulfate-bicarbonate.
Total dissolved solids concentrations range between 799 and 2,945 mg/1.
Increased dissolved solids are correlative with sodium and sulfate
enrichment (Table B-l).
Although the Sundance and Nugget formations are saturated and
permeable, according to Richter (1981), Feathers and others (1981),
and Crawford (1940) the units are generally not considered sources of
low dissolved solids water (less than 1,000 mg/1). Possible exceptions
are areas where total dissolved solids concentrations less than 500
mg/1 are reported for selected springs and shallow wells.
In areas adjacent to the Wind River basin, such as the Sweetwater
basin to the south and the central Casper Arch to the east, ground
waters in the Sundance-Nugget aquifer are sodium-chloride-sulfate rich.
According to Crawford (1940) total dissolved solids concentrations in
the aquifer in the Sweetwater basin range between 8,000 and 50,000
mg/1. Based on data from the Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission,
105
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(various) oil-field waters from the aquifer in the central Casper
Arch area contain dissolved solids ranging from 1,000 to 2,200 mg/1.
According to Feathers and others (1981) ground waters in the aquifer
in the Salt Creek area of the Powder River basin contain dissolved
solids averaging about 10,000 mg/1.
CLOVERLY AQUIFER
Chemical analyses for Cloverly aquifer ground waters are compiled
on Table B-l, and the results are plotted on the trilinear diagram in
Figure VI-3. Based on data shown in Figure VI-3, five of the samples
are sodium-sulfate water, three of the analyses are sodium-bicarbonate
water, and two are sodium-chloride water. Total dissolved solids
concentrations range from about 450 to 30,000 mg/1.
Cloverly aquifer waters containing less than 1,000 mg/1 total
dissolved solids are predominantly sodium-bicarbonate and sodium-
sulf ate-bicarbonate type. As dissolved solids increase (1,000 to
3,000 mg/1), sulfate generally replaces bicarbonate and the waters
are a sodium-sulfate type. Waters containing dissolved solids greater
than 3,000 mg/1 are a sodium-chloride type.
In general, water qualities are good (total dissolved solids less
than 1,000 mg/1) in areas where the aquifer (1) crops out, and (2) is
intensely faulted and fractured, and at drilling depths less than 2,500
feet. Water qualities deteriorate basinward and with drilling depths
exceeding 2,500 feet regardless of fracture-enhanced permeabilities.
The areal distribution of sampling locations and total dissolved
solids concentrations are shown on Plate C-3.
106
-------
Total Dissolved Solids (mg/1)
Figure VI-3. Trilinear diagram showing chemical characteristics of ground
waters from selected wells and springs that discharge from
the Cloverly aquifer, Wind River basin, Wyoming. Numbered
data points correspond to sample numbers on Table B-l.
107
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Samples 7 and 10 contain 10 to 30 times more total dissolved
solids than the other 10 samples (29,990 and 11,719 mg/1, respectively).
The large dissolved solids concentrations are mainly attributable to
large sodium and chloride concentrations. Both samples are from oil
and gas tests and may be contaminated by various drilling fluids, or
obtained from hydraulically isolated zones within the aquifer.
MUDDY AQUIFER
Twenty-five chemical analyses for ground waters from the Muddy
Sandstone are compiled in Table B-l. Unfortunately, the analyses
include only bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, and total dissolved solids,
and as a result the analyses cannot be plotted on trilinear diagrams
and classified by water type.
Based on total dissolved solids concentrations, water qualities in
the Muddy aquifer are poor. Dissolved solids in 17 of 25 samples
exceeded 3,000 mg/1, and the remaining 8 samples ranged between 1,000
and 3,000 mg/1. Based on available data, large total dissolved solids
concentrations (greater than 5,000) are associated with substantial
increases in chloride and bicarbonate ions.
Sampling locations and total dissolved solids concentrations are
shown on Plate C-4. Insufficient data exist to construct meaningful
dissolved solids contours for the Muddy aquifer. However, as shown on
Plate C-4, dissolved solids concentrations are relatively large in
both outcrop and structurally depressed parts of the basin.
In general, water qualities in the Muddy aquifer are poor through-
out the various structural-hydrologic basins in Wyoming. According to
Richter (1981), Crawford and Davis (1962), and Crawford (1940), Muddy
108
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aquifer waters generally contain dissolved solids greater than 2,000
mg/1. The waters are predominantly sodium-chloride and sodium-
chloride-bicarbonate type. According to Crawford (1940) shale and
silt in the aquifer matrix is the major source for sodium and chloride
ions.
Muddy aquifer waters are distinguishable from waters in the over-
lying Frontier Formation on the basis of sodium and chloride concen-
trations. Muddy aquifer waters generally contain sodium and chloride
concentrations greater than 1,500 mg/1, whereas the respective ion
concentrations in Frontier waters are generally less than 800 and
1,000 mg/1 (Richter, 1981; Crawford and Davis, 1962; Crawford, 1940).
FRONTIER AQUIFER
Water qualities in the Frontier aquifer are highly variable as
evidenced by total dissolved solids concentrations ranging from less
than 500 to about 14,000 mg/1. As shown on Plate C-5, dissolved solids
concentrations are usually less than 2,000 mg/1 along or near outcrops
of the aquifer. Dissolved solids concentrations increase basinward
and with drilling depths to the aquifer.
Chemical analyses for 50 Frontier aquifer waters are compiled on
Table B-l, and the results for representative samples are shown on the
trilinear diagram in Figure VI-4. As shown on Figure VI-4, Frontier
aquifer waters are comprised of three types: (1) sodium-sulfate, (2)
sodium-bicarbonate-sulfate, and (3) sodium-chloride. Sodium is the
dominant cation for all samples regardless of total dissolved solids
concentrations, whereas dominant anions vary with location, drilling
depths, and dissolved solids. For example: (1) samples 14 and 19
109
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Total Dissolved Solids (mg/1)
Figure VI-4. Trilinear diagram showing chemical characteristics of ground
waters from selected wells and springs that discharge from
the Frontier aquifer, Wind River basin, Wyoming. Numbered
data points correspond to sample numbers on .Table B-l.
110
-------
(Figure VI-4) contain dissolved solids concentrations less than 1,000
mg/1 and sulfate is the dominant anion. Both samples are from shallow
wells located on Frontier Formation outcrops. (2) Samples 5, 7, 8,
10, and 12 (Figure VI-4) contain dissolved solid concentrations ranging
between 1,000 and 3,000 mg/1. These samples increase in bicarbonate
ions with increased drilling depths. (3) Samples 1, 2, 3, 4, and 11
(Figure VI-4) are from deep, central basin oil-field tests and
dissolved solids concentrations exceed 4,300 mg/1. Chloride is the
dominant anion in these samples.
Three factors influence major ion water chemistries in the
Frontier aquifer: (1) lithology, (2) residence time for the ground
water, and (3) leakage of poor quality waters from underlying units.
For example, the Frontier Formation is comprised largely of shales and
claystone and as a result ground waters with long residence times will
dissolve soluble salts from the argillaceous rocks. Also, based on the
fact that hydraulic heads increase with depth in the Frontier and
underlying formations, there is a possibility of vertical leakage of
poor quality waters from the underlying Mowry Shale.
MESAVERDE AQUIFER
Only two chemical analyses for Mesaverde aquifer waters were
available for this study (Table B-l), and the results are plotted on
the trilinear diagram in Figure VI-5. Based on available data, ground
water in the Mesaverde aquifer is of the sodium-sulfate-bicarbonate
type (Figure VI-5). The gross chemical character of the water is most
likely controlled by dissolution of calcite, dolomite, and gypsum from
111
-------
Total Dissolved Solids (mg/1)
Figure VI-5. Trilinear diagram showing chemical characteristics of ground
waters from selected wells and springs that discharge from
the Mesaverde aquifer, Wind River basin, Wyoming. Numbered
data points correspond to sample numbers on Table B-l.
112
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the aquifer matrix with cation exchange of sodium for calcium and
magnesium (Crawford, 1940).
According to Crawford (1940), Feathers and others (1981), Richter
(1981), and Libra and others (1981) water qualities in the Mesaverde
aquifer are poor throughout Wyoming. Total dissolved solids concen-
trations are generally above 1,500 mg/1; however, Richter (1981) reports
several Mesaverde springs and seeps with dissolved solids less than
500 mg/1.
FORT UNION-LANCE AQUIFER
Water qualities in the Fort Union-Lance aquifer are highly
variable as is evident from total dissolved solids concentrations
ranging from about 500 to 20,500 mg/1. As shown on Plate C-6, low
dissolved solids waters (less than 1,000 mg/1) are encountered along
outcrops of the aquifer. Dissolved solids increase basinward and with
drilling depths to the aquifer.
Chemical analyses for 11 Fort Union-Lance aquifer waters are
compiled on Table B-l. The results of the analyses are plotted on the
trilinear diagram in Figure VI-6. As shown on Figure VI-6, Fort Union-
Lance aquifer waters are comprised of three types: (1) sodium-sulfate,
(2) sodium-chloride, and (3) sodium-bicarbonate. Based on data
presented in Figure VI-6, there is a correlation between increased
total dissolved solids concentrations and particular ionic species.
For example, lower dissolved solids water are generally sodium-
bicarbonate and sodium-sulfate rich, whereas relatively high dissolved
solids waters are sodium-chloride rich. There is also correlation
between geographic location and increased chloride concentrations. For
113
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Total Dissolved Solids (mg/1)
Figure VI-6. Trilinear diagram showing chemical characteristics of ground
waters from selected wells and springs that discharge from
the Fort Union-Lance aquifer, Wind River basin, Wyoming.
Numbered data points correspond to sample numbers on Table
B-l.
114
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example, samples 7, 8, 9, and 10 are sodium-chloride rich, and all of
the samples are for wells located in T. 39 N., R. 91 W. No other
sodium-chloride waters were encountered in the aquifer elsewhere in
the basin.
Principal factors influencing major ion water chemistries in the
Fort Union-Lance aquifer are (1) lithology and (2) sedimentary
environments. According to Crawford (1940) and Whitcomb and Lowry
(1968), channel sandstones cemented with silica and calcium-bicarbonate
cement generally contain low dissolved solids water (less than 500
mg/1). Wells completed in saturated coals generally yield waters
with dissolved solids less than 1,000 mg/1 (Whitcomb and others,
1966; Crist and Lowry, 1966). Conversely, wells completed in saturated
silty and shaley sandstones almost always produce waters with dissolved
solids greater than 1,000 mg/1. Also, many of the saturated sand-
stones comprising the aquifer are lenticular and discontinuous, there-
fore allowing for mixing of poor quality waters from saturated
siltstones and shales.
WIND RIVER AQUIFER
Chemical analyses for 131 Wind River aquifer waters are compiled
on Table B-l. The results of representative samples from various
springs, drilling depths, and geographic locations, are plotted on
the trilinear diagram in Figure VI-7. Selected sample locations are
shown on Plate C-7. The large number of analyses for Wind River
aquifer waters, relative to waters from other aquifers, reflects the
aquifer's increased development and use.
115
-------
Total Dissolved Solids (mg/1)
500
500-1,000
,000-3,000
3,000
io / /27\28\
39,40 54
Figure VI-7. Trilinear diagram showing chemical characteristics of ground
waters from selected wells and springs that discharge from
the Wind River aquifer, Wind River basin, Wyoming. Numbered
data points correspond to sample numbers on Table B-l.
116
-------
In general, cation concentrations in the Wind River aquifer are
mixed (Figure VI-7), regardless of total dissolved solids concentra-
tions and drilling depths (however, data are limited to maximum
drilling depths of about 1,000 feet). There is also no correlation
between major cation water chemistries and whether the sample was taken
from a deep-basin well or a spring. However, there is correlation
between major anion water chemistries and total dissolved solids con-
centrations. For example, the dominant anion in low dissolved solids
waters (less than 800 mg/1) is bicarbonate, whereas the dominant anion
in waters with dissolved solids greater than 2,000 mg/1 is sulfate.
Bicarbonate and sulfate ions are mixed in waters with dissolved
solids ranging between 800 and 2,000 mg/1. Chloride concentrations
are very low.
As shown on Figure VI-7, water type varies according to total
dissolved solids. Table VI-1 summarizes the relationship between water
type and dissolved solids.
Principal factors influencing water qualities in the Wind River
aquifer are (1) lithology and (2) recharge mechanisms. The aquifer is
comprised of discontinuous, lenticular sandstone, conglomerate, silt-
stone, claystone, and shale, and therefore it is reasonable to expect
variations in water qualities according to the lithology in which the
well or spring is located. An excellent example of the influence of
lithology on water quality involves the north-central part of the
basin. In this area the Wind River aquifer is comprised largely of
silty, shaley, coarse-grained sandstones and the water type is pre-
dominantly sodium-sulfate and calcium sulfate with dissolved solids
117
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Table VI-1. Relationship between water type and total dissolved
solids for ground waters in the Wind River aquifer,
Wind River basin, Wyoming.
Total Dissolved Solids
Concentrations (mg/1)
Water Type
(dominant type listed first)
<500
1. calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate
2. sodium-bicarbonate-sulfate
500-1,000
1. sodium-sulfate
2. calcium-sulfate
1,000-3,000
1. calcium-magnesium-sulfate
2. sodium-sulfate
>3,000
1. calcium-sulfate
2. sodium-sulfate
3. magnesium-sulfate
118
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ranging from about 1,000 to 4,400 mg/1. By comparison, in the north-
east corner of the basin the Wind River Formation is largely comprised
of a relatively clean sandy conglomerate and the water is of the
calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate type with total dissolved solids concen-
trations generally less than 600 mg/1.
As an example of the influence of recharge mechanisms on water
quality, Morris and others (1959) found that total dissolved solids
concentrations in selected wells in the Riverton irrigation district
increase substantially during irrigation seasons as a result of infil-
tration of soluble salts leached from fertilizers and by leaching
of gypsum and epsomite from overlying Quaternary deposits.
ARIKAREE AQUIFER
The results of 17 chemical analyses for ground waters in the
Arikaree aquifer are compiled on Table E-l. Representative analyses
are plotted on the trilinear diagram in Figure VI-8. The chemical
qualities of the water are very good with total dissolved solids
typically less than 600 mg/1. Based on available data the quality of
the water is generally very good throughout the entire aquifer and is
independent of well depth and geographic location.
As shown on the trilinear diagram in Figure VI-8, ground waters
in the Arikaree aquifer are calcium-bicarbonate and sodium-sulfate
rich. There is no discernable relationship between variations in total
dissolved solids concentrations and any particular group of major
anions or cations.
As shown on Plate C-8, the Arikaree aquifer exists only in the
southern part of the Wind River basin. Prospects for developing
119
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Total Dissolved Solids (mg/1)
Figure VI-8. Trilinear diagram showing chemical characteristics of ground
waters from selected wells and springs that discharge from
the Arikaree aquifer, Wind River basin, Wyoming. Numbered
data points correspond to sample numbers on Table B-l.
120
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potable ground-water supplies in the aquifer are excellent, thus
making the Arikaree aquifer one of the most significant water-bearing
units in the area.
Reasonable explanations for the very good water qualities in the
aquifer are: (1) interstitial permeabilities in the unit are large,
thus providing a large flow-rate potential for ground water, and (2)
the aquifer is comprised of relatively clean calcium-carbonate and
silica-cemented sandstones.
QUATERNARY DEPOSITS
Saturated Quaternary deposits in the Wind River basin include
glacial, terrace, and alluvial units. The most areally extensive
Quaternary deposits are alluvium; however, the thickest are glacial
deposits. Chemical analyses for saturated Quaternary deposits are
listed on Table B-l, and the results are plotted on the trilinear
diagram in Figure VI-9.
Glacial Units
Insufficient data exist to show the results of chemical analyses
for glacial unit waters on the trilinear diagram on Figure VI-9. This
is because available chemical analyses are for total dissolved solids
concentrations only.
Based on available data, total dissolved solids concentrations in
glacial unit waters are less than 600 mg/1. The locations of sampling
points are shown on Plate C-9. In general, water qualities are very
good because of (1) shallow flow, (2) short residence times, and (3)
large flow rates.
121
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Total Dissolved Solids (mg/1)
Figure VI-9. Trilinear diagram showing chemical characteristics of ground
waters from selected wells and springs that discharge from
Quaternary deposits, Wind River basin, Wyoming. Numbered
data points correspond to sample numbers on Table B-l.
122
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Alluvial arid Terrace Units
Water qualities in alluvial and terrace units vary greatly in the
Wind River basin. The chemical variations can occur over relatively
short geographic distances, with well depth, and time of year.
Principal factors influencing water qualities are (1) lithology, (2)
recharge mechanisms, and (3) evapotranspiration rates.
As shown on Figure VI-9, sulfate is the predominant anion in most
alluvial and terrace waters. A reasonable explanation for the rela-
tively large concentrations of sulfate ions is simply concentration
of soluble salts by the water. Concentration of soluble sulfates can
readily occur in alluvial and terrace waters because of the abundance
of epsomite and gypsum in the host aquifer.
Sodium is the predominant cation in most alluvial and terrace
waters (Figure VI-9). However, a few samples are mixed cation, and
a few others are enriched in calcium ions.
As shown on Figure VI-9, principal water types in the alluvial
and terrace units are (1) sodium-sulfate, (2) calcium-magnesium-
bicarbonate, and (3) calcium-sulfate. There is no clear correlation
between water type and total dissolved solids concentrations for most
of the samples; however, the following general correlations exist.
(1) All calcium-magnesium-bicarbonate waters contain dissolved solids
less than 1,000 mg/1. (2) Calcium-sulfate waters contain dissolved
solids greater than 2,500 mg/1.
As shown on Plate C-9, total dissolved solids concentrations vary
greatly over short geographic distances. For example, in the Lander
area it is common for dissolved solids to vary by several orders of
123
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magnitude within an area of one square mile. Such variations make
geographic characterization of major ion water chemistries nearly
impossible. However, water qualities vary with well depth. This is
largely the result of (1) lithology and (2) recharge mechanisms. The
relationship between well depth, lithology, and total dissolved
solids concentrations is summarized on Table VI-2.
The variations in water qualities with well depth are particularly
interesting. Water qualities deteriorate with well depths to about
100 feet; however, at about 100 feet water qualities improve (Table
VI-2). In general, relatively low to moderate dissolved solids concen-
trations (400-1,500 mg/1) are found in deep terrace wells (101 to
200 feet); whereas high dissolved solids waters are found at inter-
mediate drilling depths (41 to 100 feet). Morris and others (1959)
state that this situation is a result of recharge sources to the units.
Recharge to the basal terrace deposits within the Wind River Indian
Reservation is by vertical leakage of low dissolved solids, calcium-
magnesium-bicarbonate waters from the underlying Wind River Formation,
whereas recharge to the upper parts of the units is largely from irri-
gation and precipitation. Prior to irrigation and rainy seasons, most
terraces are well drained and have greatly lowered water tables.
When the irrigation season begins the irrigation water leaches soluble
salts within the terrace and thereby increases total dissolved solids
concentrations.
Morris and others (1959) also observed seasonal variations in
water qualities. For example, total dissolved solids and sulfate
concentrations increase noticeably during early spring and then
decrease steadily during the summer, fall, and winter. Morris and
124
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Table VI-2.
Relationship between well depth, lithology, and total
dissolved solids for selected alluvial and terrace
wells, Wind River basin, Wyoming.3
Well Depth
(feet)
Total
Principal Lithologies
Dissolved Solids
(mg/1)
1-15
Wind-blown sand and silt
<500
16-40
Sandy siltstone, clay, dirty
sandstone
500-1,000
41-100
Coarse-grained dirty sandstone,
shale, and sandy siltstone
>1,500
101-200b
Conglomerate and sandstone
400-1,500
aData are for 27 wells within Wind River Indian Reservation.
^Based on eight wells completed in terrace units.
others attribute the increase to leaching of soluble salts from
alluvial and terrace units during irrigation season, followed by a
"flushing effect" of the salts. Similar variations in water qualities
in alluvial aquifers as a result of irrigation have been described in
Swenson and Swenson (1957) and Libra and others (1981) .
Changes in major ion water chemistries have been observed along
major surface drainages. Six- to ten-fold increases in total dissolved
solids concentrations have been observed in waters from alluvial
wells along Muddy Creek, Fivemile Creek, and Wind River. It is
reasonable to expect that this is the result of leaching of soluble
salts from upstream sediments as a result of irrigation and precipita-
tion runoff and then subsequent recharge to the alluvium by the
surface water along downstream reaches.
125
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PRIMARY DRINKING WATER STANDARDS
Primary drinking water standards established by the U.S. Environ-
mental Protection Agency (1976) are summarized in Table VI-3.
Insufficient data exist to allow thorough evaluation for all primary
standards in the various water-bearing units in the Wind River basin;
however, based on available chemical analyses, fluoride and nitrate
concentrations often equal or exceed standard levels. Figure VI-10
shows the (1) sampling location, (2) source of ground water, and (3)
concentration in mg/1 for areas where fluoride and nitrate concentra-
tions exceed primary standards.
As shown on Figure VI-10, fluoride concentrations exceeding 2.0
mg/1 are encountered in the Wind River, Frontier, Phosphoria, and
Tensleep aquifers. The concentrations range from 2.2 to 5.8 mg/1.
About 20 samples from the Wind River Formation exceed 2.0 mg/1. Most
of the samples are from wells situated along major surface water
drainages within the Wind River Indian Reservation.
Nitrate concentrations exceeding 10 mg/1 (NO^-N) are encountered
in the Arikaree, Wind River, Fort Union, and Frontier formations in
various parts of the basin (Figure VI-10). The concentrations range
from 11 to 265 mg/1. Thirty-seven Wind River Formation samples
exceeded nitrate standards, most from wells within the Wind River
Indian Reservation. It is reasonable to believe that the relatively
large nitrate concentrations are related to agricultural activities
because all of the samples are from principal irrigation districts.
126
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Table VI-3. Primary and secondary drinking water standards established
by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1976).
Constituent
Primary Drinking
Water Standard3
Secondary Drinking
Water Standard3
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Chloride
Chromium
Coliform Bacteria
Color
Copper
Corrosivity
Fluoride
0.05
1.
0.01
0.05
1 colony/100 ml^
2.0
250
15 color units
1.
Noncorrosive
Foaming Agents
Iron
Lead
Manganese
Mercury
Nitrate (as N)
Odor
Organic Chemicals-Herbicides
2,4-D
2,4,5-TP
Organic Chemicals-Pesticides
Endrin
Lindane
Methoxychlor
Toxaphene
PH
Radioactivity
Ra-226 + Ra-223
Gross Alpha Activity
Tritium
Sr-90
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Sulfate
Total Dissolved Solids
0.05
0.002
10.
0.1
0.01
0.0002
0.004
0.1
0.05
5 pCi/1
15 pCi/le
20,000 pCi/1
8 pCi/1
0.01
0.05
0.5
0.3
0.05
3 threshold odor units
6.5-8.5 units
f
250
500
127
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Table VI-3. (continued)
Primary Drinking
Secondary Drinking
Constituent
Water Standard3
Water Standard
Turbidity
O
1 turbidity unit
Zinc
5.
aAll concentrations in mg/1 unless otherwise noted.
The standard is a monthly arithmetic mean. A concentration of 4 colonies/
100 ml is allowed in one sample per month if less than 20 samples are
analyzed or in 20 percent of the samples per month if more than 20 samples
are analyzed.
The corrosion index is to be chosen by the State.
^The fluoride standard is temperature-dependent. This standard applies to
locations where the annual average of the maximum daily air temperature
is 58.4°F to 63.8°F.
The standard includes radiation from Ra-226 but not radon or uranium.
^No standard has been set, but monitoring of sodium is recommended.
®Up to five turbidity units may be allowed if the supplier of water can
demonstrate to the State that higher turbidities do not interfere with
disinfection.
SOURCE: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1976.
128
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EXPLANATION
Locotion of Fluoride oomple
Location of Nitrate
- N) sample
First number corresponds to water bearing unit as listed below
Second number corresponds to ion concentration in mg/l
Woter beonng units
1 Arikoree Formation
2 Wind River Formotion
3 Fort Union Formotion
4 Frontier Formation
5 Phosphorio Formotion
6 Tentleep Sandstone
ro
\o
Figure VI-10. Map showing locations of ground-water samples where fluoride and nitrate concentrations
exceed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1976) primary drinking water standards.
-------
SECONDARY DRINKING WATER STANDARDS
Secondary drinking water standards are summarized on Table VI-3.
Secondary standards of interest to this study include total dissolved
solids, chloride, and sulfate. Although these constituents are not
considered toxic, they are thought to be undesirable in excessive
quantities in drinking water. In many areas, however, because no
better drinking water is available residents have adjusted to drinking
highly mineralized water.
Secondary drinking water standards are exceeded in various water
analyses for all of the saturated units in the basin. The reader is
referred to Table B-l for specific chemical analyses, sources of ground
water, and sample locations.
Total Dissolved Solids
Total dissolved solids concentrations in ground waters in the
basin are shown on Plates C-l through C-9. Ground waters containing
total dissolved solids concentrations less than 500 mg/1 are generally
limited to outcrop areas of the various aquifers along the flanks of
the Wind River Mountains, Owl Creek Mountains, and Gas Hills.
Dissolved solids concentrations increase basinward.
Chloride
Chloride concentrations in ground waters in the basin exceeding
secondary drinking water standards (250 mg/1) are associated with
waters containing total dissolved solids concentrations greater than
2,500 mg/1. Based on data presented in Table B-l, chloride concen-
trations are relatively large in the Muddy Sandstone (where 80 percent
of the available analyses contained chloride concentrations exceeding
130
-------
250 mg/1), the Frontier Formation (60) percent), the Fort Union
Formation (45 percent), and the Cloverly Formation (25 percent).
About 13 percent of the Wind River and Phosphoria analyses contain
chloride concentrations exceeding secondary drinking water standards.
Chloride concentrations in analyses for all other formations listed
in Table B-l are less than 5 percent.
Sulfate
Sulfate concentrations exceeding the secondary drinking water
standard (250 mg/1, Table VI-3) are associated with ground waters
containing greater than 1,000 mg/1. Table VI-A summarizes the results
of chemical analyses by formation in which sulfate concentrations
exceed 250 mg/1.
RADIONUCLIDE ANALYSES
The physiological effects of various concentrations of radio-
nuclide species in ground-water supplies is an increasing concern of
the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency as well as the general public.
The EPA has, admittedly, taken a conservative approach that radio-
nuclide species such as radium-226, gross alpha, gross beta, and
uranium (U„0o) in excessive concentrations are harmful and increase
J O
the risk of cancer. Primary drinking water standards have been
established for radium-226 (5.0 pCi/1) and gross alpha (15 pCi/1).
No standards have been established for uranium (U.0o) and gross beta.
j o
Analysis for radium-226, gross alpha, and gross beta contain an
error limit that generally indicates the 95 percent confidence
interval of the analysis. Large error limits are usually due to either
(1) instrument insensitivity at low concentrations, or (2) particle
131
-------
Table VI-4. Results of chemical analyses arranged by formation in
T.;hich sulfate concentrations exceed U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (1976) secondary drinking water
standards.
Number of Percent of Analyses
Available Exceeding 250 mg/1
Formation
Analyses3
Sulfate (SO4)
Quaternary deposits
24
79
Arikaree
17
18
Wind River
131
70
Fort Union
11
45
Mesaverde
2
100
Frontier
50
28
Muddy
25
12
Cloverly
12
67
Nugget
3
67
Phosphoria
24
71
Tensleep
25
36
Madison
3
33
aAnalyses presented in Table B-l.
132
-------
absorption in samples containing high dissolved solids. Where the
confidence interval is large relative to the given absolute value,
interpretation of results is difficult.
Few radium-226 and gross alpha chemical analyses exist for ground
waters in the Wind River basin. This is because the analyses are
expensive and public awareness of the analyses is limited. In order
to generate a radionuclide data base, the Wyoming Water Resources
Research Institute collected 22 water samples during the course of this
study to quantify radionuclide species in the various water-bearing
units. The results of the analyses are reported in Table VI-5. It
should be noted, however, that the analyses are for site-specific areas
and are not indicative of radionuclide concentrations throughout an
entire aquifer or water-bearing unit.
Based on data presented in Table VI-5, gross alpha concentrations
exceed primary drinking water standards for analyses 2, 3, 6, 7, 8,
and 9. In particular, gross alpha concentrations for samples 6, 7,
and 8 are unusually large. It is also interesting to note that samples
6 and 8 are very large with respect to radium-226. Typically, large
concentrations of gross alpha are associated with concentrations of
radium-226, uranium (U„0o), or both. According to Bob Tauver
J O
(personal communication, EPA Region 8, 1981) the gross alpha concen-
trations could be the result of thorium-230 decay.
Hem (1970, p. 212) states that uranium (U„0o) is present in most
J o
natural waters in concentrations ranging between 0.001 and 0.01 mg/1.
Based on this fact, a thorough search was conducted to identify areas
in the basin where uranium concentrations exceeded this limit. As
133
-------
Table VI-5. Radionuclide concentrations in ground waters from selected wells and springs, Wind
River basin, Wyoming.3
Key
No.
Source of Water
c
Location
Date of
Collection
Uranium
(U3°8 >
(mg/1)
Ra-226
(pCi/1)
Gross
Alpha
(pCi/1)
Gross
Beta
(pCi/1)
Arikaree Formation
29-88-17 cd
5-10-81
0.007
0.65+0.2
5 + 2
14±4
Arikaree Formation
29-87-35 db
5-10-81
0.010
0.34+0.19
6 + 2
9±2
Wind River Formation
33-89-7 bb
4-23-81
N.D.
Oil.9
0±6
15±7
1
Wind River Formation
1N-4E-27 ad
4-30-81
0.052
0±0.08
10±4
14±5
Wind River Formation
36-86-19 cd
4-24-81
N.D.
0.2±0.2
0±3
8±3
Fort Union Formation
36-86-36
4-28-81
N.D.
0.1+0.1
0±3
5±5
2
Mesaverde Formation
37-87-24 ca
4-28-81
N.D.
0.1±0.1
0±20
10±21
Cody Shale
33-99-19 ac
4-30-81
N.D.
0±0.1
1 + 3
0+5
Frontier Formation
2-02-31 cb
4-30-81
0.010
1.1±0 . 2
1±2
4±5
3
Frontier Formation
34-100-33 ba
5-01-81
N.D.
0+0.1
0±15
8±21
Thermopolis Shale
33-100-24 be
5-01-81
N.D.
0±0.1
0±7
9±12
Cloverly Formation
33-89-15
4-23-81
N.D.
0.64±0.2
1±1
13±2
Cloverly Formation
33-90-22 db
4-23-81
0.001
0.3±0 . 2
0±7
0±8
Morrison Formation
33-100-26 db
5-01-81
0.005
0±0.1
1±1
0±2
4
Nugget Sandstone
33-100-22 cb
4-30-81
0.019
0±0.1
12±2
8±2
5
Chugwater Formation
33-100-21 ca
4-30-81
0.019
0±0.1
1±2
2±4
6
Park City Formation
30-96-7 bb
5-01-81
N.D.
21+0.9
128±67
138193
7
Tensleep Sandstone
33-100-18 bd
4-30-81
N.D.
0.2±0. 2
44+4
158±6
-------
Table VI-5. (continued)
»eyb
No.
Source of Water
c
Location
Date of
Collection
Uranium
(U308}
(mg/1)
Ra-226
(pCi/1)
Gross
Alpha
(pCi/1)
Gross
Beta
(pCi/1)
8
Tensleep Sandstone
33-89-18 cb
4-23-81
0.002
o
41
00
19±4
24±4
Tensleep Sandstone
41-107-16 bd
4-29-81
N.D.
0±0.1
2±0
4±1
9
Madison Limestone
33-100-29 da
4-30-81
0.003
1. 2±0 . 2
13±2
9±2
Precambrian
29-100-12 bb
5-01-81
0.003
0+0.2
2±1
4±2
aSamples analyzed by Chemical and Geological Laboratories, Casper, Wyoming.
^Reference number referred to in text.
CTownship (north) - range (west) - section, quarter-section, quarter-quarter-section (unless otherwise
noted). U.S. Geological Survey well and spring numbering system shown in Appendix A.
-------
shown on Figure VI-11, numerous water-bearing units contain uranium
concentrations exceeding 0.01 mg/1.
Samples 1, 4, and 5 (Table VI-5) contain uranium concentrations
of 0.052, 0.019, and 0.019 mg/1. Sample 1 is from a well completed
in a known uranium deposit near Riverton, Wyoming. Sample 5 is from
a spring situated at the base of a uranium-bearing arkose in the
Chugwater Formation, whereas sample 4 is from a perched spring located
along the Nugget Sandstone-Chugwater Formation contact.
136
-------
EXPLANATION
I - 049o Location of uranium (UjOe)sample
First numbc corresponds to water beonng unit as I isied below
Second number corresponds to uromum concentration in mg/l
''°65
«10i2
'~049#/!¦'&« ft,n
Water bearing units
1 Quaternary deposits 5
2 Ankoree Formotion 6
3 White River Formation 7
4 Wind River Formation 8
Front i er Formol ion
Nuggel Formation
Chugwater Formation
Preeombrion (undivided)
B *ri*N tic C'T r
3-020
^-02i9i 161
35°Oi?^ *3-020
•3-060
-Oil
• 2-030
• 2-045
2- 044•
2-039
• •2-025
2-0i0
Figure VI-11. Map showing locations of ground-water samples where uranium (U«0ft) concentrations
exceed 0.010 mg/1.
-------
VII. REFERENCES
-------
VII. REFERENCES
(includes work not directly cited herein)
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Fremont County, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1147-F, 80 p.
Swenson, F. A., and H. A. Swenson, 1957, Geology and ground water,
Heart Mountain and Chapman Bench Divisions, Shoshone Irrigation
Project, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1418, 55 p.
Taylor, B. A., 1957, South Sand Draw oil field, in. Wyoming Geol. Assoc.
Guidebook 12th Ann. Field Conf., Southwest Wind River Basin, 1957,
p. 143-417.
Thomas, H. D. , 1934, Phosphoria and Dinwoody tongues in lower Chugwater
of central and southeastern Wyoming: Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol.
Bull., v. 18, p. 1655-1697.
, 1948, Summary of Paleozoic stratigraphy of the Wind River basin,
Wyoming, in Wyoming Geol. Assoc. Guidebook 3rd Ann. Field Conf.,
Wind River Basin, p. 79-95.
Thompson, R. M., Love, J. D., and Tourtelot, H. A., 1949, Stratigraphic
sections of pre-Cody Upper Cretaceous rocks in central Wyoming:
U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Prelim. Chart 36.
Thompson, R. M., Troyer, M. L., White, V. L., and Pipiringos, G. N.,
1950, Geology of the Lander area, central Wyoming: U.S. Geol.
Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Map OM-112.
Thompson, R. M., and White, V. L., 1952, Geology of the Conant Creek-
Muskrat Creek area, Fremont County, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey
Open-File map.
146
-------
, 1954, Geology of the Riverton area, central Wyoming: U.S.
Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Map OM-127.
Todd, T. W. , 1963, Post-depositional history of TensJeep Sandstone,
Bighorn basin, Wyoming: Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., v. 48,
p. 1063-1090.
Tourtelot, H. A., 1948, Tertiary rocks in the northeastern part of the
Wind River Basin, Wyoming, In Wyoming Geol. Assoc., Guidebook 3rd
Ann. Field Conf., Wind River Basin, p. 112-124.
, 1953, Geology of the Badwater area, central Wyoming: U.S.
Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Map OM-124.
, 1957 , Geology, pt. 1, of The geology and vertebrate paleontology
of upper Eocene strata in the northeastern part of the Wind River
Basin, Wyoming: Smithsonian Misc. Coll., v. 134, 27 p.
, and Thompson, R. M., 1948, Geology of the Boysen area, central
Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. (Prelim.) Map 91.
Trelease, F. J., Rechard, P. A.,' Swartz, T. J., and Burman, R. D.,
1970, Consumptive use of irrigation water in Wyoming. Wyoming
Water Planning Report No. 5, Water Resources Series No. 19,
Water Resources Research Institute, University of Wyoming, Laramie.
Troyer, M. L., 1951, Geology of the Lander (Hudson) and Plunkett anti-
clines and vicinity, Fremont County, Wyoming: Unpub. University
of Wyoming M.S. thesis.
, and Keefer, W. R., 1955, Geology of the Shotgun Butte area,
Fremont County, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Map
OM-17 2.
U.S. Department of Agriculture and others, 1974, Wyoming Supplement,
Wind-Bighorn-Clarks Fork river basin: Type IV Survey, 42.1 p. and
appendices.
, 1980, Platte River Basin, Wyoming: Cooperative River basin study,
main report.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1976, National interim primary
drinking water regulations: EPA-570/9-76-003, 159 p.
, 1980, Public water supply inventory: U.S. EPA Region 8 Water
Supply Division, Denver, Colo.
Van Houten, F. B., 1950, Geology of the western part of the Beaver
Divide area, Fremont County, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and
Gas Inv. Map OM-113.
147
-------
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County, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Map OM-140.
, 1957 , Tertiary rocks of southern Wind River Basin area, central
Wyoming, ^n Wyoming Geol. Assoc. Guidebook 12th Ann. Field Conf.,
Southwest Wind River Basin, p. 79-88.
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Natrona counties, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1164, 99 p.
, and Weitz, J. L., 1956, Geologic map of the eastern Beaver Divide-
Gas Hills area, Fremont and Natrona counties, Wyoming: U.S.
Geol. Survey Oil and Gas Inv. Map OM-180.
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the Wind River Mountains, Wyoming: Jour. Geology, v. 21, no. 2,
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Survey Hydrologic Invest. Atlas HA-270.
White, V. L., 1951, Geology of Dallas anticline, Fremont County, central
Wyoming: Unpub. University of Wyoming M.S. thesis.
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(Prelim.) Map 56.
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Geol. Assoc. 16th Ann. Field Conf., 351 p.
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River region, Fremont and Natrona counties, Wyoming: U.S. Geol.
Survey Bull. 471-G, 53 p.
Wyoming Crop and Livestock Reporting Service, 1980, Wyoming Agricul-
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Wyoming Department of Economic Planning and Development, 1969, The
comprehensive general plan for water and sewer, Fremont County
Wyoming: DEPAD, Cheyenne, Wyo.
Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality, various, Permit application
files for uranium mining operations in Fremont County, Wyoming:
Cheyenne, Wyo.
Wyoming Geological Association, 1957 (1961 supplement), Wyoming oil and
gas fields symposium: 579 p.
148
-------
Wyoming Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, 1979, Wyoming oil and
gas statistics: Casper, Wyo., 93 p.
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geophysical logs, and drill-stem test data: Casper, Wyo.
Wyoming State Department of Administration and Fiscal Control, various,
Miscellaneous population data for Fremont and Natrona counties,
Wyoming.
Wyoming State Engineer, 1972, Water and related land resources of the
Bighorn River basin, Wyoming: Wyoming Water Planning Program
Report No. 11, 231 p.
, 1973, The Wyoming framework water plan: Wyoming Water Planning
Program report, 243 p.
Wyoming State Engineer's Office, 1981, Well permit files: Cheyenne, Wyo.
, various, Miscellaneous well permit data, well and spring produc-
tivity records, well logs: Cheyenne, Wyoming.
Yenne, K. A., and Pipiringos, G. N., 1954, Stratigraphic sections of
Cody shale and younger Cretaceous and Paleocene rocks in the Wind
River Basin, Fremont County, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey Oil and
Gas Inv. Chart OC-49.
Zeller, H. D., 1956, Cas Hills area, Fremont and Natrona counties,
Wyoming, in Geologic investigations of radioactive deposits -
Semiannual progress report, June 1 to November 30, 1956: U.S.
Geol. Survey TEI-640, p. 115-116, issued by U.S. Atomic Energy
Comm. Tech. Inf. Service, Oak Ridge, Tenn.
Zeller, H. D., Soister, P. E., and Hyden, H. J., 1956, Preliminary
geologic map of the Gas Hills uranium district, Fremont and Natrona
counties, Wyoming: U.S. Geol. Survey Mineral Inv. Field Studies
Map MF-83.
149
-------
APPENDIX A
WELL AND SPRING NUMBERING SYSTEM
-------
WELL AND SPRING NUMBERING SYSTEM
Water wells, oil and gas test wells, and spring cited in this
report are numbered according to the U.S. Geological Survey system
that specifies that location of the site based on the Federal land
subdivision system. An example is shown below.
In this example, 15-72-9 bed, 15 refers to the township, 72 to
the range, and 9 to the section in which the well is located. The
lower-case letters that follow the section number identify a smaller
tract of land within the section. The first letter (b in this example)
denotes a 160-acre tract, commonly called a quarter section. The
second letter (c) denotes a 40-acre tract, commonly called a quarter-
quarter section. The third letter (d) denotes an 10-acre tract or a
quarter-quarter-quarter section. The letters a, b, c, and d indicate
respectively the northeast, northwest, southwest, and southeast tracts
of the respective subdivision.
R73W R72W R7IW
A- 1
-------
A P P E N
CHEMICAL ANALYSES
AND SPRINGS, WIND R
D I X B
FOR SELECTED WELLS
IVER BASIN, WYOMING
-------
Table B-l. Chemical analyses for wells and springs "fn the Wind River basin,
No.
Source
k Well Name or Owner
Location0
Date of
Col 1cct ion
Analyzing^
Agency
Temp.
(°C)
Ca
Mg
QUATERNARY DEPOSITS
]
N. A.
1N-2E-3
10-15-48
uses
9.4
4 8
11
2
N. A.
1N-3E-16
10-19-48
uses
10
8]
8.2
3
N. A.
1N-4E-3
10-20-48
uses
11.1
64
15
4
N. A.
2N-5E-30
10-21-48
uses
11. 1
10
. 1
5
N. A.
2N-2E-4
9-17-49
uses
9.4
370
70
r>
N. A.
2N-3E-10
10-19-49
uses
9.4
23
3.4
7
N.A.
2N-4E-2
10-20-48
USGS
10
13
1.7
8
fJ. A
2N-5E-2
10-20-48
uses
10
14
1 .5
9
N.A.
2N-6E-7
9-17-49
uses
11.1
8
10
10
N.A.
3N-1E-21
10-14-48
USGS
11. 1
46
2
1]
N.A.
3N-2E-7
8-14-50
uses
12.8
108
32
12
N.A.
3N-2E-10
10-18-48
USGS
10
6
.6
13
N.A.
3N-ZE-14
12-5-50
USGS
9.4
37
6.7
14
N.A.
3N-2E-26
10-18-48
USGS
1J . 7
46
. 1
15
N.A.
3N-2E-2 7
12-5-50
USGS
9.4
488
167
16
N.A.
3N-3E-J6
10-18-48
USGS
10
12
. 1
1 7
N.A.
3N-4E-29
9-17-49
USGS
9.4
74
7.9
18
N.A.
3N-5E-33
10-16-48
USGS
8.3
206
41
1 9
N A.
3-1-24
9-17-49
USGS
12.2
70
29
20
N.A.
3N-2E-5
8-14-50
USGS
14.4
33
.5
21
N.A.
4N-2E-29
8-14-50
USGS
10
31
.1
22
N.A.
4N-3E-13
10-26-51
USGS
10.6
5.5
. 1
23
N.A.
4N-4E-20
10-26-51
USGS
11.1
31
.9
24
N.A.
ARIKAREE FORMATION
4-1-31
11-14-51
USGS
N.A.
71
4.1
1
Jeffrey City
29-92-10
7-19-73
WDA
N.A.
50
5.5
2
C. Anderson
29-92-10
8-18-77
WDA
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3
Jeffrey City Liquors
29-92-10
5-13-77
WDA
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4
Shaw
29-94-5
7-31-79
WDA
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
5
Harvey
29-94-6
9-3-75
WDA
N.A
N.A.
N.A.
6
Sanford Cattle Co.
30-86-35
6-16-67
USGS
9
56
13
7
Sanford Cattle Co. //I
30-85-27
5-20-66
USGS
11
33
6.2
8
Dumhell Ranch
30-86-18
4-28-66
USGS
9
43
7.8
9
Sanford Cattle Co. //2
30-85-27
6-20-66
USGS
10
580
1 22
10
Matador Cattle Co.
31-98-27
7-JO-67
uses
8
36
8
1 ]
Cotter Ferguson Mine
32-90-10
6-15-77
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
nlng.
Tota 1
Dissolved Hardness Specific Ldb
CI F NO^j B ^-^^2 Solids (CaCO^) Conductance pll
28
2
202
47
5
. 3
.8
.07
24
256
165
435
8.0
171
4
157
426
17
.3
1 .2
.12
15
830
236
1200
7.5
98
.8
388
84
7
.6
19
.20
26
500
221
784
7.9
248
.4
163
376
28
1.2
.8
.4
10
734
25
1210
8.0
403
6.4
263
1 780
20
.2
17
.3
10
2790
1210
3140
7.3
250
3.6
152
448
7.6
1.4
0
.25
n
864
72
1240
7.4
343
2.4
561
3.2
258
2.8
.4
.66
16
933
40
1610
7.9
261
.8
34
444
97
2.8
. 2
.43
16
872
41
1360
7.7
235
4.8
138
400
18
.8
.3
.24
CO
CO
752
61
1090
7.2
458
4.4
85
1000
1 2
. 7
. 3
.08
13
1580
123
2060
7.5
173
N.A.
294
480
12
N.A.
24
N.A.
N.A.
974
401
1390
7.5
174
5.2
44
320
26
1.4
.4
.1
14
612
18
913
7.5
71
1. 2
214
94
4
N.A.
1.1
.09
11
376
120
519
7. 7
445
7.6
22
988
18
. 7
. 2
. 22
13
1530
1 16
2L60
7.1
282
5.3
256
2190
24
. 7
13
.15
12
3310
1910
3500
7.1
21 7
1 .2
34
394
36
2
0
.27
} 7
716
30
1100
8.0
473
4.8
416
848
17
1.1
. 7
.28
9.2
1640
217
2190
7.8
735
3.2
330
1760
58
1 .1
44
. 34
19
3030
682
38 30
7.6
124
3.2
405
175
16
1.4
1 5
. 31
32
696
294
964
8.2
459
1.3
78
990
OD
Ui
.8
.8
. 1
10
1540
85
2180
7.5
548
1.8
64
1090
48
1.1
.3
.J
12
1 7 70
78
2560
8.2
256
.6
32
435
49
2
.4
.35
10
802
14
12 70
9.5
556
.9
34
1020
160
3.2
. 3
.22
8
1800
81
2740
7.2
716?
138
1520
37
1.2
1
.21
7.4
24 30
194
3380
7.5
1 5
5.6
122
29
33
0.4
4.2
.01
42
264
148
373
N.A
37
N.A.
290
86
N.A.
N.A.
21
N.A.
N.A.
520
N.A.
N.A.
N.A
110
N.A.
190
140
N.A.
N.A.
4.8
N.A.
N.A.
580
N.A.
N.A.
N.A
104
N.A.
N.A.
300
N.A.
N.A.
0.3
N.A.
N.A.
912
4 20
N.A.
N.A
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
23
N.A.
N.A.
6.8
N.A.
N.A.
596
150
N.A.
N.A,
27
5.7
228
48
11
0.8
N.A.
.03
35
310
192
480
7.8
167
1.3
151
340
3.4
1.3
0.1
1.5
14
682
108
970
8
80
1 .2
255
85
9.9
2
0.7
N.A.
28
422
140
588
7.8
758
6.1
197
3010
183
0.4
0.2
2.7
11
5080
1950
5380
8.2
14
4
1 7 i
1 3
2. 1
0.3
Tr
.02
27
186
I 22
306
7.4
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
510
N.A.
N.A.
7.6
-------
Table B-l. (continued)
No. k
Source
Well Name or Owner
Loca t ion c
Date of
Col ler.r. 1 on
Analy zing^
Agency
Temp.
(°C)
Ca
Mg
Na
K
HC03
50 4
CI
F
NO
3
B
SiO
2
Tota 1
Dissolved
Solids
Hardness
(CaCO )
Specific
Conduclancec
Lab
PH
ARIKARE1. MlKMATlON (t
.ontd.)
1 2
(,o I I i • r 1' C ) >»t ik on Mini'
12-90-1 I
7 — t 1—77
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A
N A.
N.A.
N A.
N.A
N.A.
N.A.
360
N A.
N.A.
7.6
13
Cnmron spring
32-90-11
7-15-77
N.A.
N.A.
16
1
73
10
N.A.
77
N.A.
0.1
0.1
N.A.
N.A.
392
32
N.A.
8.9
14
Colter Ferguson Mine
32-90-27
9-19-78
N.A.
8
32
4
48
8
N.A.
57
6
0.3
0.07
0.1
N.A.
258
N.A.
380
7.9
15
CoLii-r Ferguson Mine
32-90-11
1-22-79
N.A.
7.8
5.1
1.4
200
8.4
N.A
3.7
29
0.8
0.01
0.5
N.A.
533
N.A.
970
8.4
16
N.A.
31-95-31
7-21-65
uses
10
35
7.3
17
3.4
180
5.8
5.3
0.3
3.8
0.02
44
21 1
119
318
7. 3
17
unnamed s p i Ing
32-90-11
J0-3-63
uses
10
7.8
0. 1
79
7.2
206
23
2.4
0.3
1 . 5
0.16
53
276
20
362
7.9
WIND kivi:r FORMATION
I
PMW-3
32-90-3
6-25-77
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N .A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
530
N.A
lO.I
2
PMW-8
32-90-3
9-14-77
N.A.
N.A.
81
22
215
16
N.A.
427
11
0.8
<0.5
0.2
N.A.
890
287
1280
7 8
3
PMW-9
32-90-3
9-20-77
N.A.
N.A.
91
22
220
14
N.A.
452
10
0. 8
<0.5
0.6
N.A.
937
347
1400
7 8
4
PMW-10
32-90-3
9-22-77
N.A.
N.A.
97
25
210
14
N.A.
470
10
0. 7
<0.5
0.6
N.A.
938
335
14 50
7.9
5
PMW-15
32-90-3
6-7-78
N.A.
N.A.
89
24
220
18
N.A.
458
11
0.41
<0.6
1.4
N.A.
864
307
1250
N . A
6
PB-3
32-90-11
11-30-78
N.A.
12. 3
51
6.4
170
11
200
411
12
0. 78
<0.1
0.4
N.A.
823
N.A
1210
7.9
7
I'C-2
32-90-3
1-22-79
N.A.
10
65
20
180
13
205
469
11
0.67
<0. 1
0.4
N.A.
872
N.A.
1380
7.9
8
PF-2
32-90-3
11-30-78
N.A
9.8
79
17
86
12
224
291
5
0.48
<0.1
0.3
N.A.
628
N.A.
960
7.7
9
rc-i
32-90-10
1-10-79
N A
12.9
81
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
168
N.A.
N.A.
N.A
-0. 1
"0.1
N.A.
N.A.
N.A
1190
7.9
11)
Pa t h f i nth- r 4-1
32-90-2
5-7-7 9
N A
N.A.
64
9
54
3. 1
274
486
15
1
0 08
0. 3
N.A.
829
N.A
1 290
7. 7
! 1
I'at h f i ndi• r J4024
32-90-7
1-31-77
N.A.
N.A.
89
11
69
N.A.
N.A.
287
5
.27
0 05
N.A.
N.A.
684
N.A.
N.A
N.A.
12
I'alhf inder WCH-3
32-90-8
4-6-79
N.A.
N.A.
96
10
70
18
251
313
5
.9
0.01
0.17
N.A.
700
N.A.
990
7.2
] 3
Pathf 1 nder WON- 1
32-90-18
12-8-78
N.A.
N.A.
236
32
98
27
236
316
7
. 75
0.07
0.3
N.A.
925
N.A.
1260
7.9
14
Path finder T1-6
33-90-22
4-10-79
N.A.
N.A.
116
55
564
28
293
237
23
0.8
0. 79
1.04
N.A.
2380
N.A.
30 70
7. 7
15
Pathfinder 502
33-90-22
6-8-57
N.A.
N.A.
278
33
68
10
7
214
9
0.3
Tr
N.A.
N.A.
1370
82\j
1600
5.3
16
Pathfinder 502
33-90-22
5-8-79
N.A.
N.A.
61
9
48
3
35
1190
25
0.8
0.03
0.1
N.A.
2710
N.A.
3110
-
] 7
Pathfinder 502
33-90-22
2-14-80
N.A.
N.A.
424
86
260
24
61
1825
24
0.44
7.48
0.84
N.A.
3142
N.A.
3000
6.5
18
Parhf i ndfr
33-90-28
1-14-64
N.A.
N.A.
295
70
27
1 3
257
780
45
0.4
Tr
N.A.
N.A.
1 510
102 5
1 750
7
19
Pathf 1 tide r
33-90-28
1 1-19-62
N.A.
N.A.
151
29
74
1 5
252
403
15
0.4
23
N.A.
N.A.
834
496
1193
7.7
20
Path f i nder J 54
33-90-28
1 1-15-64
N.A.
N.A.
106
20
65
14
242
285
5
0.3
0.6
N.A.
N.A.
652
347
921
7.6
21
Pathflnder 647
33-90-32
11-19-62
N.A.
N.A.
240
23
72
12
296
598
8
0.2
0.2
N.A.
N.A.
1144
694
1480
7.5
22
Patlif 1 nder 4L
33-90-35
4-24-75
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
12
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
580
9
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2 J
Pathflnder 7B
33-90-35
6-1-78
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
14
0.8
0.05
0.1
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
24
Adobe 01J & Gas
N.A.
3-7-78
U.M.
N.A.
108
33
67
10
195
374
10
1
0. 59
1
N.A.
698
405
885
6.8
25
Adobe Oil & Cas
N.A.
3-8-78
D.M.
N.A.
274
23
11
9
329
506
12
0. 37
0.01
I
N.A.
997
7 78
1235
7.3
26
Union Carbide MW-1
N.A.
3-20-79
1). M.
7.2
398
508
399
Tr
N.A
4641
670
1
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
7486
5
8400
2.8
2/
N.A.
2N-r>r- jo
1 0-2 1 - AH
l'Sf.S
N.A.
10
0 1
24 8
0 4
1 61
376
28
1 ?
0 8
0.4 0
10
756
2 5
1210
8.0
28
N.A.
?N-M'-7
9- 1 7-4M
11 Si s
N A.
8
10
2 IS
4. H
1 W
400
1 H
0 K
0. 1
O 2 4
8 H
7 54
M
I 090
7.2
-------
Table B-]. (continued)
No. k
Source
Date of
Analy zinp^
Temp.
We J 1
Name or Owner Location
Col J eel ion
Agency
C°C)
Ca
Mg
Na
K
WIND
RIVER FORMATION (conld.)
N. A.
2N-6E-19
10-20-48
uses
N.A.
26
4.6
284
0 8
10
N. A.
JN-J E-9
J 1-1-66
uses
N.A.
201
20
759
2 8
u
N. A.
3N-1E-21
10-14-48
. uses
N.A.
46
2
458
4.4
32
N. A.
3N-1E-21
9-17-49
uses
N A.
81
24
86
3.2
n
N.A.
3N-1E-21
10-14-48
uses
N.A.
282
73
414
2.4
i/»
N. A.
3N-1E-25
9- 1 7-49
uses
N.A.
320
59
966
6.4
15
N.A.
3N-1E-36
10-14-48
uses
N.A.
450
167
748
5.6
W'
N A
3N-2E-5
8-14-50
uses
N.A.
33
0 5
459
1.3
i
N A.
3N-2E-6
6-18-51
uses
N.A.
N A.
N.A.
253
2.6
i
N \
3N-2E-6
6-19-51
uses
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
362
3.7
N.A
3N-2E- 7
10-29-60
uses
N.A.
8
Tr
210
0.4
/*o
N.A
3N-2E-10
10-18-48
uses
N.A.
6
0.6
174
5.2
4 1
N.A
3N-2E-26
10-18-48
uses
N.A.
46
0. 1
445
7.6
U.I
N.A.
3N-2E-27
12-5-50
uses
N.A.
488
167
282
5.3
4 J
N.A
3N-2E-20
10-18-48
uses
N.A.
70
2.6
579
7.2
44
N.A
3N-3E-6
10-26-51
uses
N.A.
0.9
0. 1
97
0.2
4 r>
N.A
3N-3E-16
10-18-48
uses
N.A.
12
0. 1
21 7
1. 2
4 6
N.A.
3N-3E-24
10-20-48
uses
N.A.
460
179
714
10
4 7
N.A.
3N-3E-26
10-19-48
uses
N.A.
27
0.1
332
4 . 0
4K
N A.
3N-4E-29
9-17-49
uses
N.A.
74
7.9
473
4.8
/.'»
N . A
3N-5E-33
10-16-48
uses
N.A.
206
41
735
3.2
50
N A
3N-6E-15
10-27-60
uses
N.A.
4.8
1.0
179
0.6
51
N A.
4N-1E-11
11-2-66
uses
N.A.
149
15
1500
6.3
52
N A
4N-1E-18
11-2-66
uses
N.A.
36
2.9
582
0.2
53
N.A.
4N-2K-29
8-14-50
uses
N.A.
31
0.1
548
1.8
5'.
N.A.
4N-3H-13
10-26-51
uses
N.A.
5.5
0.1
256
0.6
55
N.A.
4N-3i>34
10-26-51
uses
N.A.
7.5
0. 1
264
0.2
56
N.A.
4N-3E-36
10-29-60
uses
N.A.
320
224
520
8.2
57
N.A.
4N-4E-20
10-26-51
uses
N.A.
31
0.9
556
0.9
58
N.A.
4N-4E-23
6-26-51
uses
N.A.
14
0.7
380
0.6
59
N.A.
4N-4E-23
]0-19-48
uses
N.A.
186
69
354
6
60
N.A.
5N-4E-21
10-26-66
uses
N.A.
34
8.0
819
3
61
N.A.
5N-5F.-3 3
10-26-66
uses
N.A.
52
7.9
1070
3
62
N .A.
3N-1W-24
9-17-49
uses
N.A.
70
29
124
3.2
63
N.A.
3N-3W-4
1L-4-65
uses
N.A.
39
17
6.6
0.8
64
N.A.
4N-1W-4
10-31-66
uses
N.A.
9.6
1.9
261
I
65
N.A.
4N-1W-25
12-19-66
uses
N.A.
32
3.2
34 2
1.8
hco3
SO,
4
CI
F
no3
B
Si°2
Tola 1
1) Isso 1 ved
Sol ids
Hardness
(CaC03)
Spec Lf J i.
Conductance
Lab
pll
126
4 40
94
1 6
1 4
0 22
1 3
934
84
1 4 80
8.2
445
1770
67
0.4
0. 1
0.16
18
3060
582
3800
7.9
85
1000
12
0.7
0.3
0.08
13
1580
123
2060
7.5
284
195
21
1.2
34
0.28
14
601
301
867
7.8
414
1 380
46
1 .4
9.8
0.22
28
2440
IOOO
30 10
7 2
512
2120
163
2.4
92
0.33
14
3910
817
4840
7.8
342
2760
153
0.7
0.3
CO
0
13
4470
1810
4 790
7.7
78
990
8.5
0.8
0 8
0. 10
10
1 540
85
2180
7.5
134
400
290
N.A.
N.A.
0.12
N.A
N A.
39 1
18 JO
7.8
164
945
330
N.A.
N.A.
0. 30
N.A.
N A.
808
2810
7.7
88
345
21
2
Tr
N.A.
16
64 7
20
974
8.5
44
320
26
1.4
0.4
0.10
14
570
18
913
7.5
22
988
18
0.7
0.2
0.22
13
1530
116
2160
7. 1
256
2190
24
0. 7
13
0.15
12
3310
1910
3500
7. 1
119
1290
15
0.6
0.3
0.04
J 5
2040
185
2720
7.5
74
42
38
1.6
0.4
0.21
21
270
3
446
9.7
34
394
36
2.0
Tr
0.27
17
696
30
1 100
8.0
175
2980
69
1.2
CO
0
0.98
16
4520
1880
51611
7 9
2 3
664
59
1.0
0.3
0.12
11
1110
68
1660
7. 1
416
848
17
1.1
0.7
0.28
9.2
1640
217
2190
7.8
330
1760
58
1 .1
44
0.34
19
3030
682
38 30
7.6
168
234
12
3.0
0.7
N.A.
10
530
16
84 7
8. 3
212
3250
77
1.2
0.1
0.07
6.9
5110
4 35
6 300
7-8
131
1 190
14
0.4
0.1
0.05
11
1910
102
2670
8.0
64
1090
48
1.1
0.3
0.10
1 2
1 770
78
2 360
8.2
32
435
49
2
0.4
0. 35
10
791
14
1270
9.5
43
500
35
1.8
0.4
0. 24
12
842
19
1 120
7 2
254
2510
56
1
Tr
N.A.
28
3790
1 720
6180
7.7
34
1020
160
3 2
0.3
0.22
8
1800
81
2740
7.2
78
415
260
4
0.3
0.15
6.8
3120
38
1870
7.5
285
1150
34
0
CO
Tr
0.14
13
1960
748
2490
7.5
72
1370
335
2.2
0.1
0.19
5. 7
2610
118
38JO
7.5
76
1800
416
3.8
0.1
0.23
4.9
3390
162
4 7 30
7.9
405
175
16
1 .4
15
0.31
32
680
294
964
8.2
190
23
1
0.5
0.7
0.01
23
205
J 68
340
7.8
1280
00
140
406
51
1.4
0.1
0.09
5.4
808
32
93
1 770
8.5
50
763
15
0.5
0.5
0.03
1.8
1190
-------
Table B-l. (continued)
1.
No.
Source
Weill name or ownci
Loea t lon°
Date of
Col 1ect ion
Analyzi ng^
Agency
Temp
(°C)
Ca
Mg
Na
K
WIND RIVER FORMATION
(conL.)
66
N.A.
6N-3W-33
10-31-66
uses
N.A.
1 1
0.1
294
0.4
6 7
N. A.
1S-3E-2
11-4-64
uses
N.A.
27
5
80
1
68
N.A.
1S-3E-7
J 1-3-66
uses
N.A.
102
15
56
2
69
N.A.
1S-3E-10
10-29-64
uses
N.A.
1
2
175
J
70
N.A.
1S-3E-10
10-27-64
uses
N.A.
3
3
155
Tr
71
N.A.
1S-3E-13
11-12-64
uses
N.A.
28
4
190
1
72
N.A.
1S-3E-I3
L I-19-64
uses
N.A.
148
16
310
3
73
N.A.
1S-3F.-14
11-19-64
uses
N.A.
163
5
580
1
76
N.A.
1S-3E-17
11-3-65
uses
N.A.
59
12
73
2.1
75
N.A.
1S-3E-2 3
11-19-64
uses
N.A.
146
39
130
1
76
N.A.
1S-3E-23
5-18-45
uses
N.A.
1.5
2.2
150
N.A.
77
N.A.
1S-3E-24
11-19-64
uses
N.A.
5
2
175
1
7H
N.A.
1S-4E-4
9-30-64
uses
N.A.
2
1
139
1
79
N.A.
1S-4E-18
10-16-64
uses
N.A.
424
58
521
3
80
N.A.
1S-4E-18
10-26-64
uses
N.A.
4
2
150
1
HI
N.A.
1N-1E-3
8-31-66
uses
N A.
16
9.7
96
2.5
82
N.A.
3N-1E-I6
10-19-48
uses
N.A.
81
8.2
171
4.0
83
N.A.
3N-IE-17
11-8-65
uses
N.A.
4.2
0.4
148
0.4
84
N.A.
4N-1E-3
10-20-48
uses
N.A.
64
15
98
0.8
85
N.A.
4N-1E-12
10-21-48
uses
N.A.
42
14
21
0.8
86
N.A.
4N-1E-2 4
10-21-48
uses
N.A.
5
2.2
226
0.8
87
N.A.
4N-IE-27
10-21-60
uses
N.A.
1.6
1.0
126
1 .6
88
N.A.
4N-1E-27
10-22-48
uses
N.A.
6.5
0.3
142
0.4
89
N.A.
4N-1E-27
9-3-54
uses
N.A.
1.5
0.1
142
1.7
90
N.A.
^N-lE-27
12-3-65
uses
N.A.
0.8
0.2
136
0.9
91
N.A.
4N-IE-32
10-15-48
uses
N.A.
8.5
0.2
155
2.8
92
N.A.
4N-1E-34
LO-27-51
uses
N.A.
2.9
0. J
160
0 5
9 3
N.A.
4N-1E-34
12-2-65
uses
N.A.
1 . 2
1 . 7
165
I . 4
94
N.A
4N-1E-34
L2-2-65
uses
N.A.
0-8
0-1
132
0.9
95
N.A.
4N-1E-34
10-26-51
uses
N.A.
23
1 - 1
125
0. 7
96
N.A.
1N-2E-24
9-15-65
uses
N.A.
94
14
15
3.1
97
N.A.
NN-2E-4
9-17-49
uses
N.A.
370
70
403
6.4
98
N.A.
2N-2E-15
10-18-48
uses
N.A.
37
5.9
167
18
99
N.A.
2N-2E-17
10-18-48
uses
N.A.
34
1 5
148
] .2
100
N.A.
2N-2E-18
11-1-60
uses
N.A.
59
7.8
72
2.0
101
N.A.
3N-2E-10
10-19-48
uses
N.A.
23
3.4
250
3.6
102
N.A.
3N-2F-19
9-17-49
uses
N.A.
14
0.6
235
4 0
103
N.A.
3N-2K-26
9-17-49
uses
N.A.
62
0.5
579
4 8
Total
Dissolved Hardness
HCO, SO. CI F NO. B SIO. Solids (CaCOj
3 4 J 2 3
Spec! fir l.al>
Conductance y>H
90
438
86
3.4
0.1
0. 17
6.2
883
28
1380
8.0
211
58
Tr
N.A.
N.A.
2
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
540
7. i
180
258
8.6
0.7
0.9
0.06
12
543
315
797
7 8
211
125
14
N.A.
Tr
0.12
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
569
8.8
153
157
11
1
Tr
0. 18
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
569
8.2
211
285
12
N.A.
Tr
0.12
N.A.
N.A.
88
983
8. ?
241
873
37
1
8
O.J 2
N.A.
N.A.
438
2210
7 9
85
1640
36
0.8
0.7
0.09
N.A.
N.A.
430
3380
7.a
162
208
8.2
0.9
0.3
0.10
17
461
196
696
/ 8
226
501
57
0.4
Tr
0.05
N.A.
N.A.
525
1350
7 . 7
166
155
9
0.5
Tr
N.A.
N.A.
416
12
688
N.A
122
239
14
1.1
Tr
0.09
N.A.
N.A.
23
879
8.6
223
139
4
1 .1
0.04
N.A.
7
426
N.A.
670
8 5
305
1960
43
N.A.
Tr
0. 36
N.A.
N.A.
2590
3730
7 . 6
156
132
11
1.2
Tr
0.14
N.A.
N.A.
19
697
8.8
204
103
20
0.6
0.2
0. 19
1.8
350
100
610
8 0
157
426
17
0.3
1 .2
0. 12
15
802
236
1200
7.5
52
251
15
2.4
Tr
0.33
1 1
461
12
743
8 4
388
84
7
0.6
19
0.2
26
508
221
784
7.9
145
68
20
^0.4
0.5
0.3
19
249
162
385
8. \
85
368
39
2.0
0.4
0.38
12
703
22
1090
8. t
184
107
9
0.6
0.6
N.A.
J 3
360
8
574
8. ')
191
125
9.9
0.4
0.8
0.22
13
401
17
664
8. h
185
117
9
0.4
Tr
N.A.
11
386
4
613
8.9
204
122
11
0.6
Tr
0.1
12
384
3
627
8.2
131
220
16
3.6
0.2
0.34
9.5
482
22
768
8.2
192
161
13
0.4
0.6
0. 16
11
453
7
725
8. 7
187
1 74
11
0.8
r r
0. 1 3
7.5
465
It)
769
8 '
165
99
8.9
0.7
Tr
0.07
8.3
353
2
470
8. 7
191
96
10
0.6
0.5
0.24
12
351
10
562
8 6
334
47
3
0.4
1.7
0.05
26
368
293
586
8
236
1780
20
0.2
1 7
0.30
10
2790
1210
3140
7. J
386
140
23
1.0
0.6
0.08
14
600
116
916
7.9
186
232
6.5
0.5
Tr
0.12
25
542
91
825
7. 7
190
170
4.0
0.8
0.7
N.A.
0
429
179
658
8.(1
152
448
7.6
1.4
Tr
0.25
LI
824
72
1240
7.4
15
456
4 1
1 ?
0.6
0.48
If)
782
38
1 1 JO
7. i
28
1250
82
1 I
41
0. 52
10
2050
1 57
2770
6.9
-------
-------
Table B-l . (continued)
No. ^
Sou red
Well Name or Owner
Location
Date of
Co 11ect ion
d
Ana 1y zing
Agency
Temp
C C)
Ca
Mg
Na
K
FOR 1' UNION FORMATION
(con td .)
7
Monsanlo Co.
39-91-2^
6-30-80
a;i.
N.A.
331 1
21
4241
200
8
Monsanto Co.
39-91-35
6-9-80
CGI.
N.A.
85
7
2779
50
9
Monsanto Co.
39-91-35
6-9-80
ccl
N.A.
2269
20
2779
250
in
Monsant o Co.
39-91-35
6-30-80
CCL
N.A
273
5
2518
49
11
Unnamed spring
36-86-36
4-28-81
CCL
9
8
1
317
1
MHSAVKRUD FORMATION
1
Clark Oil Prod. Co.
33-86-36
8-12-77
CCL
N.A.
65
18
726
18
?
I'nnameri spring
hRONTlKR FORMATION
37-87-24
4-28-81
CCL
10
20
8
830
4
J
Midwest Refining Co.
3-1-27
N.A.
MKC
N.A.
24
57
1698
N.A
2
A1 ka 1 l Rut Lc (J J
33-95-J
N.A
CCL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
243
N.A
I
A 1 ka I i Bui l <> ill
34-95-36
N.A.
CCL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
106
N.A
4
Sand Draw ll 2
32-95-9
N.A.
CCL
N.A.
18
Tr
2384
N.A
s
N A.
IN-IE-33
10-30-57
uses
N.A.
0.4
0.3
772
3.5
6
N .A.
8N-2E-7
7-22-46
uses
N.A.
10
8.1
1510
N.A
7
N . A.
4N-4E-14
11-4-65
uses
N.A.
33
11
680
2.4
8
N. A.
1S-1W-8
5-19-45
uses
N.A.
1
1.3
435
N.A
9
N A.
2N-1W-7
5-10-63
uses
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
680
N.A
10
Sohio /74
32-95-36
8-8-55
CCL
N.A.
1
Tr
868
N.A
1 1
Pan Canadian PoL. Co.
36-94-25
2-4-76
CCL
N.A.
100
139
2790
49
1 2
N A.
4N-4F-16
7-23-46
CCL
N.A.
114
41
44 5
N.A
1 1
Hodges
32-99-9
8-23-74
WDA
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A
1 u
Kn Ight
32-99-10
4-25-78
WDA
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
74
N.A
1 5
Hodges
32-99-9
6-15-79
WDA
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
190
N.A
1 6
Clark
32-99-9
4-27-78
WUA
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
269
N.A
1 7
States
32-99-9
8-10-76
WDA
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A
1 8
Wanner
32-99-10
1 1-6-75
WDA
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A
1 9
Davi s
32-99-9
5-17-79
WDA
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
370
N.A
20
N. A.
32-95-9
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
16
5
2252
N.A
21
K. Martinson
32-99-10
6-27-77
WDA
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
17
N.A
22
R. 11ams
33-99-28
6-30-74
WDA
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A
23
R. I lams
33-99-27
12-5-77
WDA
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
25
N.A
24
Kotunok
33-99-29
1 1-10-75
WDA
N.A
N.A.
N A
N.A.
N.A
25
N.A.
6-3-27
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A
hco3
S0^
CI
F
n°3
B
Si°2
Tota 1
Dissolved
Sol ids
Hardness
pll
381
30
12400 N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A
20390
N.A.
N.A.
"•>. h
1525
21
3600
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
7293
N.A
N A
i. 3
549
24
8250
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
13862
N.A
N.A.
6 9
1708
49
3400
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
7137
N A.
N. A.
fi b
532
Tr
78
5.8
Tr
N.A.
N.A.
76 7
24
1 200
8 f.
817
1000
90
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3219
N.A.
N.A.
8
955
920
164
.86
.23
N.A.
N.A.
2646
83
3450
8.6
2472
N.A.
1395
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A
4383
N.A
N.A.
N.A
4560
29
5929
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1 3776
N.A.
N.A.
N.A
1515
19
2609
N.A
N.A.
N.A.
N.A
6028
N.A.
N A.
!¦' ¦ A.
1586
50
2750
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
5982
N.A.
N A.
" A
951
500
57
N.A.
N.A.
3.8
N.A.
1800
N A.
2 j 30
m i
516
2700
52
GO
10
N.A.
N.A.
4600
58
5660
8 4
] 66
1230
116
1.6
1
2
7.4
2170
126
3170
7.9
430
430
20
3.8
Tr
N.A.
N.A.
1170
8
1800
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
0.95
N.A.
N.A .
N.A.
2350
25
N.A.
8 6
1355
317
150
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2146
N.A.
N.A.
8.6
2928
850
2600
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
7970
N.A.
N.A.
8. 1
332
1060
30
0.8
1.6
N.A.
N.A.
1930
N.A.
N.A.
N A
N.A.
123
N.A.
N.A.
1.1
N.A.
N.A.
432
296
N A.
N A
N.A.
410
N.A.
N.A.
6.2
N.A
N.A
808
350
N.A.
N A.
N.A.
1 70
N.A.
N.A
1 0
N.A.
N.A.
488
25
N.A.
N.A
N.A.
2080
N.A.
N.A.
61
N.A.
N.A.
4000
1930
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
500
N.A.
N.A.
N.A
N.A.
38
N.A.
N.A.
0.3
N.A.
N.A.
420
350
N.A.
N.A
N.A.
620
N.A.
N.A.
Tr
N.A.
N.A.
751
11
N.A.
N.A
1518
26
2600
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
5640
N.A.
N.A.
N A.
N.A.
20
N.A.
N.A.
Tr
N.A.
N.A.
392
270
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1745
N.A
N.A.
1. 7
N.A.
N.A.
2820
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
94
N.A.
N.A.
0.13
N.A.
N.A.
460
410 ¦
N.A.
N.A.
N.A
4 70
N.A.
N A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1 <>80
1000
N.A.
N A.
1323
55
80
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
J 369
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
-------
Table B-l . (continued)
Source
Well Name or Owner
c
Local ion
Date of
Col lection
Analyzing^
Agency
Temp.
(°C)
Ca
Mg
Na
K
HCO^
SO,
4
CI
F
N03
B
s l°2
Total
Dissolved
Sol ids
Hardness
(CaC03)
Spec 1flc
Conductance6
Lab
pH
FRONTIER FORMATION
(contd )
N.A.
6-3-27
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
J 260
55
81
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1331
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
6-3-35
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1239
Tr
78
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1215
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N. A.
4-1-29
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4062
130
2300
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
7530
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3-1-14
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A .
N.A .
N.A.
1554
26
2786
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
5982
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3-1-H
1 962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
6392
40
3591
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
11536
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
n.a.
3-1-14
1962
CGI.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4192
16
3700
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
9748
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
n.a.
3-L-15
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3500
Tr
3900
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
9439
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
n.a.
3-1-L5
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A .
N.A.
3300
25
2891
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
7667
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
n.a.
3-3 -1.6
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1304
98
1800
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4246
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.a.
3-1-33
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3108
Tr
1400
N .A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
5010
N .A.
N.A.
N .A.
N.a.
3-1-34
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2269
Tr
1300
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4113
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.a.
2-1-27
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4611
20
1631
N.A.
N .A.
N.A.
N.A.
8743
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.a.
37-86-35
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1700
Tr
3150
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
6665
N.A.
N.A.
N .A.
N.A.
34-91-30
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A
N.A.
N.A.
N .A.
2431
20 7
578
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3379
N.A.
N.A.
N .A.
n.a.
34-91-36
J 962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2945
141
598
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3763
N.A.
N.A.
N.A
N.A.
34-89-1
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2360
761
6500
N.A.
"n .A.
N.A.
N.A.
13877
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.a
34-89-1
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3760
4
2540
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
7458
N.A.
N.A
N.A.
n.a.
34-89-30
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1354
721
700
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3394
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.a.
33-96-14
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1960
16
5900
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
11445
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.a.
33-96-21
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2095
50
3235
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
7220
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
n.a.
33-95-21
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2096
30
2633
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A .
6053
N.A.
N.A.
N .A.
n.a.
33-92-1
J 962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1 733
20
3381
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
7111
N.A.
N.A.
N A.
n.a.
33-92-3
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1970
Tr
3920
N.A.
N .A.
N.A.
N.A.
8174
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
n.a.
33-84-1 I
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
510
21
2989
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
5375
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
32-95-26
1962
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4720
46
3040
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
9165
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
MULMY SANDSTONK
N.A.
32-85-22
N.A.
uses
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4470
Tr
2800
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
8493
N.A.
N.A
N.A.
N.A.
32-85-22
N.A.
USGS
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
5120
69
2680
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
8938
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
Hancock
32-99-22
3-17-78
USGS
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
212
N.A.
N.A.
640
N.A.
N.A.
0.4
N.A.
N.A.
1640
760
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
32-85-15
N.A.
USGS
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4904
5
2620
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
8550
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
32-85-16
N.A.
USGS
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
5960
35
2780
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
9786
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
32-86-J 3
N.A.
USGS
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N A.
2904
16
2220
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A
6191
N.A
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
32-85-14
N.A.
uses
N.A
N.A
N.A
N.A
N.A.
1915
Tr
1 560
N.A.
N A.
N.A.
N.A.
4226
N A
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
32-86-15
N.A
USGS
N.A
N A
N.A.
N.A
N.A.
1777
l'r
460
N.A
N A
N.A
N A
2298
N A
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
33-98-19
N.A.
USGS
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N A.
N.A.
170
772
J 4
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1 310
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
33-87-16
N.A.
USGS
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1763
56
25
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1658
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
-------
Table b-J . (conr. fnued)
No. ^
Source
DaLe of
Ana 1yzing^
Temp .
Tot a L
Di sso1ved
Hardness
Spec l fic
Lab
Well Name or Owner
Location*"
Col 1ect ion
Agency
(°C)
Ca
Mr
Na
K.
HC°3
SO.
4
CI
F
N°3
B
Si02
Sol ids
(CaC03)
Conduc Lance
Pll
MUDDY SANDSTONE (contd.
.)
N.A.
33-87-8
12-19-73
USGS
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3018
49
1 780
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
5625
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N. A.
33-87-7
N.A.
uses
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2548
24
2200
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
5876
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
34-87-15
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
990
44
26150
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A .
43789
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
5-2-23
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3580
61
690
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4338
N .A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4-L-19
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2293
235
3006
N .A .
N.A.
N .A.
N.A.
7292
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4-1-32
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1998
16
3518
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
7553
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3-1-27
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
7368
4
830
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
7781
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3-1-27
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4 740
11
935
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
5669
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
33-87-3
N.A.
CCL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4510
8
3760
N.A.
N.A.
N .A.
N.A.
10115
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
32-86-14
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1915
Tr
1560
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4226
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
32-85-12
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4150
Tr
2 700
N.A.
N.A.
N -A.
N.A.
8058
N.A.
N.A.
N .A.
N.A.
3i-82-20
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1455
914
104
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2786
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
31-82-26
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2031
62
200
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2175
N.A.
N.A.
N .A.
N.A.
31-82-27
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1 768
21
295
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2055
N.A.
N.A.
N .A.
N A.
31-82-35
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1892
115
250
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2204
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
(J LOVERLY FORMATION
1
Pat h f t nder
33-98-15
7-16-64
N.A.
N.A.
23
6.9
120
7.0
288
111
6
1.2
1 .0
0.42
N.A.
445
86
694
7.6
J
Pat h f i ndr r
33-90-15
1-15-64
N.A.
N.A.
5.1
Tr
395
2.0
336
533
17
1.5
Tr
N.A.
14
1150
13
1760
8.5
J
PaLhfinder
33-90-22
4-25-75
N.A.
N.A.
1.9
0.4
390
1 .9
N.A.
571
12
1-6
0.6
0.6
N.A.
1150
6.9
N.A.
H.6
4
PaLhflnde r
33-90-23
1-15-64
N.A.
N.A.
47
8.5
198
5.4
192
405
10
0.4
1.0
N.A.
N.A.
792
153
1180
5.9
5
I'athf inder
33-90-28
9-19-61
N.A.
N.A.
36
7.8
232
5.6
219
390
9
0.5
1.4
N.A.
N.A.
806
122
1230
6.8
6
N.A.
N.A.
1 ~ J — 6 4
USGS
25
5
Tr
396
2
336
533
17
1.5
Tr
N.A
N.A.
L 150
N.A.
N.A.
8.5
7
i'nn Canadian Pet. Co.
36-94-25
6-23-76
CCL
N.A.
309
36
10821
718
5392
2250
13200 N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
29990
N.A.
N.A.
7.9
8
Clark Oil Prod. Co.
33-86-36
8-.2-79
CGL
N.A.
3
2
359
5
537
38
144
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
887
N A
N A.
8. 7
9
Solno Co.
31-82-35
1 1-15-55
CGL
N.A.
15
32
856
N.A.
1390
J 15
250
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2204
N.A.
N.A.
8.6
10
Alkali BuLLe it 2
N.A.
N.A.
CCL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4682
N.A.
600
705
4682
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
117 19
N.A.
N.A.
N A.
11
N.A.
32-86-15
N.A.
USGS
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
534
712
8
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1529
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
12
N.A
NUGGET SANDSTONE
34-88-20
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2118
67
132
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2158
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1
Pan CanadLnn Pel. Co.
36-94-25
4-13-76
CGL
N.A.
10
3
1059
10
891
] 100
240
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2945
N.A
N.A.
8.6
2
Atk Lns
33-100-2 L
5-19-76
WDA
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1430
N.A
N.A.
2.8
N.A.
N.A.
2090
1450
N.A.
N.A.
-------
'I'nble B-l. (continued)
No. k
Source
Date of
Analyz1ng^
Temp.
To t a I
Di ssolved
Hardness
Specif ic
Lab
Well Name or Ownur
Location0
Col lection
Agency
C°C)
Ca
Mg
Na
K
I1C°3
SO.
4
CI
F
NO^
B
sio2
So 1 ids
(CaC03)
Conductance
pn
SUNDANCE FORMATION
Unnamed spring
32-99-34
10-14-65
USGS
10
1.8
0.4
297
0.8
380
239
6.6
2.3
0.8
0. 79
10
799
6
1 300
9.1
PHOSI'HORIA FORMATION
1
Gu1f Oil & Minera1
N. A.
6-4-79
CGL
N.A.
260
114
1190
92
366
2290
810
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4936
N.A.
N.A.
7.7
I
Pan (rinadian Pet. Co.
36-94-26
6-15-76
CCL
N.A.
583
60
13226
995
4148
2100
16000
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
J 7 1 6 7
N A.
N A.
8.4
3
SoIhd if \
33-99-26
1 1-16-55
CGL
31
69
51
25
N.A.
370
100
33
N.A.
N .A.
N.A.
N.A.
44 7
N.A.
N.A
8.1
4
Soli i o iM a
33-99-26
10-25-55
CGL
34
91
34
83
N.A.
508
12
84
N.A
N A
N.A.
N.A.
554
N.A
N . A
7 2
5
Sohio tit*
32-95-36
9-6-55
CGL
31
289
39
932
N.A.
890
1827
140
N.A
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3713
N.A.
N.A.
8.4
6
Sohio
33-99-26
11-16-55
CGL
33
114
107
924
N.A.
1890
963
60
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3158
N.A.
N.A.
8.3
7
Soli l o
33-99-26
10-25-55
CCL
N.A.
187
49
1449
N.A.
1220
1181
280
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4466
N.A
N.A.
9.3
8
Soh io
33-99-26
10-25-55
CGL
N.A.
16
5
1245
N.A.
1290
1535
80
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3516
N.A.
N.A.
8.1
9
Sohio
33-99-26
10-6-55
CGL
N.A.
60
34
43
N.A.
440
10
8
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
372
N.A
N.A
7.6
10
Soh io
33-99-26
10-6-55
CGL
N.A.
28
10
1034
N.A.
710
1024
80
N.A.
N.A
N.A.
N.A.
2886
N.A
N.A.
9.1
11
Sohio
33-99-36
10-6-55
CCL
N.A.
41
26
83
N.A.
424
29
8
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
396
N A
N.A
7. S
12
Sohio 4a
32-95-36
9-19-55
CGL
N.A.
81
10
832
N.A.
710
798
110
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2472
N.A.
N.A
9-0
13
Soh i o
32-95-36
9-19-55
CCL
N.A.
49
19
1331
N.A.
570
1361
180
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3797
N.A
N.A
9.5
14
Soh io
32-95-36
9-19-55
CGL
N.A.
37
12
550
N.A.
490
683
160
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1683
N A.
N.A
7.8
J 5
Soh i o
33-99-26
11-16-26
CGL
N.A.
34
92
84
N.A.
240
207
38
N.A
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
682
N.A.
N.A.
8.4
16
Soh i o
32-95-36
8-8-55
CGL
N.A.
1
Tr
868
N.A.
1355
317
150
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2146
N.A.
N.A
8.6
1 7
N. A.
5N-6W-14
9-30-64
uses
10
409
68
557
18
734
1560
219
2 1
Tr
0.48
9 4
3210
1300
3920
N.A.
18
N. A.
5N-6W-35
10-1-65
uses
9
447
171
469
7.6
367
2320
76
1.1
0.1
0.06
14
3690
1820
4230
8.2
19
Lander if 2
34-99-30
N. A.
CGL
N.A.
59
27
93
385
81
43
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
492
N.A
N.A.
N. A.
20
Lander V5
33-99-4
N. A.
CGL
N.A.
109
28
117
390
256
38
N.A
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
740
N A
N.A.
N.A
21
Derby Dome if 1
31-98-4
N. A.
CCL
N.A.
50
N.A.
125
205
312
25
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
673
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
22
Derby Dome 7/2
31-98-4
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
42
N.A.
140
220
192
20
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
502
N.A.
N.A
N.A.
23
Derby Dome it 5
31-98-4
N. A.
CGL
N.A.
56
N.A.
193
230
328
30
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
940
N.A
N.A.
N.A
24
Derby Dome it 2
TENSLEEP SANDS 1ONE
32-98-29
N.A.
CGI,
N.A.
220
43
373
355
1 1 78
12
N.A.
N.A
N.A
N A
2000
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1
Maverick Springs #1
6-2-23
N.A.
MRC
N.A.
340
N.A.
N.A.
682
61 7
40
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1448
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2
Maverick Springs f71
6-2-26
N.A.
MRC
N .A .
224
87
15
N.A.
457
569
3.6
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1051
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3
l.ander itl
2S-2E-30
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
48
1 2
34
N.A.
1 90
68
6
N.A .
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
24 7
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
4
Lander //8
2S-2E-30
N.A.
CGI,
N.A.
38
Tr
111
N.A.
24 5
30
67
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
375
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
5
Dallas Dome //I
32-99-13
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
48
20
41
N.A.
220
67
29
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
314
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
6
Derby Dome if 12
31-98-4
N.A.
CCL
N.A.
42
24
10
N.A.
2 70
Tr
3
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
21 2
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
-------
Table B-1 . (continued)
No. k
Source
Well Name or Owner
C
Locati on
Dale of
Col lection
d
Analyzing
Agency
Temp .
(°C)
Ca
Mg
Na
K
HCO3
S°,
CI
F
N°3
B
Si02
Total
Dissolved
Sol ids
Hardness
(CaC03>
Spec if ic.
Condtic ranee
Lab
pi!
TENSLEEP SANDSTONE
(contd.)
7
Derby Dome if2
3 i-98-4
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
38
20
9
N.A.
220
N.A.
] 2
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
198
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
8
Derby Dome if 2
31-98-9
N.A.
CGL
N.A.
44
N.A.
22
N.A.
160
12
10
N.A.
N.A.
N .A.
N.A.
167
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
9
Path finder
33-98-18
7-16-64
N.A.
N.A.
158
40
93
N.A.
222
482
79
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1060
5 59
1430
7
10
Pathf(nder
33-90-24
1-15-64
UI
N.A.
208
38
170
514
144
710
143
0.4
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1440
699
1920
6.8
11
unnamed spring
1S-1W-2
8-18-53
uses
41
162
41
49
N.A.
290
362
41
2.6
0.1
N.A.
34
801
573
1180
7.3
12
Sohio '/4
32-95-36
9-19-55
CGL
31
81
10
832
N.A.
710
798
110
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
2472
N.A.
N.A.
9
13
Soliio i/3
32-95-36
8-19-55
CGL
33
49
19
133 J
N.A.
5 70
1361
180
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3797
N.A
N.A.
9.5
14
Sohio If 1
33-99-26
11-16-55
CGL
30
16
39
1119
N.A.
1070
1634
112
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
3447
N.A.
N.A.
8.1
15
Sohio //4a
32-95-36
10-19-55
CGL
31
37
12
550
N.A.
490
683
160
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1683
N.A.
N.A.
7.8
16
Soliio it la
33-99-26
11-16-55
CGL
31
34
92
64
84
N.A.
207
38
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
682
N.A.
N.A.
8.4
17
N.A.
33-99-35
8-17-65
CGL
36
36
19
15
68
180
45
J 2
2.7
Tr
0.04
21
245
171
410
7.0
18
N.A.
33-100-18
8-17-65
CGL
14
47
25
4.9
0.7
268
8.2
5.3
0.2
1.2
0.01
8.5
233
219
430
7.2
19
N.A.
33-100-25
3-17-65
CGL
28
31
20
10
4.2
159
36
11
0. 7
Tr
0.03
14
205
160
34 7
7.5
20
N.A.
33-101-13
8-17-65
CGL
10
44
25
2
1-6
254
8.2
3.5
0.3
1.1
0.01
8.8
220
213
413
7.4
21
unnamed spring
42-107-32
9-21-65
CGL
30
123
38
17
7.0
479
84
23
1.2
Tr
0.11
18
547
464
937
6.8
22
N.A.
33-88-10
9-4-75
USGS
10
55
17
2.5
2.2
166
73
4
2.2
N.A.
90
9.4
248
210
450
7.6
23
N.A.
30-82-24
9-3-75
USGS
43
130
21
170
10
103
380
240
2.4
N.A.
180
36
1040
410
9600
7.8
24
N.A.
34-88-31
6-10-75
USGS
12
42
18
¦4.3
4
200
24
3.6
N.A.
0.6
N.A.
11
204
180
N.A.
N.A.
25
N.A.
42-94-26
10-12-70
- USGS
N.A.
92
41
10
1.6
298
170
3.1
2.2
N.A.
N.A.
12
479
39R
730
8.2
MADISON LIMESTONE
N.A.
30-99-13
4-8-65
USGS
N.A.
93
37
3
1
275
7
117
N.A.
1
N.A.
N.A.
397
N.A.
N.A.
7
N.A.
33-99-35
8-17-65
USGS
36
36
19
15
6.8
180
45
12
0.7
N.A.
N.A.
21
240
171
460
7
N .A.
2N-iW-18
12-13-62
USGS
N.A.
178
34
46
N.A.
293
360
50
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
930
N.A.
N.A.
7.4
nChemJcal analyses are in milligrams per liter.
N.A. - not available
^Numbers correspond to data points on trJlinear diagrams (Chapter TV) for uater-bearing units.
CTownship-north, range-west, section; unless oLherwJse noted.
^WDA - Wyoming Department of Agriculture, Division of Laboratories, Laramie, Wyoming
USGS - U.S. Ceological Survey
DM - Dames and Moore Consultants
CGL - Chemical and Geological Laboratories, Casper, Wyoming
MRC - Midwest Refining Company, Casper Wyoming
UI - Utah International
e 2
Mlrromhos per centimeter at 25 C.
-------
APPENDIX C
HYDROLOGIC DATA ARRANGED BY
FORMATION FOR SELECTED WELLS IN THE
WIND RIVER BASIN, WYOMING
1
-------
Table Ol. Hydrologic data arranged by formation for selected wells in the Wind River basin, Wyoming.
Formation
Well Name or Owner
Location
Test
Date
Duration
(hrs)
Saturated
Thickness
(ft)
Yield
(fipm)
Drawdown
(fo
Estimated
Transmissivity
(gpd/ft)
Estimated
Permeability
(gpd/ft )
Specific
Capacity
Storage
Coefficient
QUATERNARY DEPOSITS
Quiver, N.
1N-1E-34 aa
4-25-61
N.A.
21
10
i
2 x 10^
9.5 x 10^
10
N.A.
USGS
1N-1E-34 be
6-28-66
N.A.
25
60
15
8 x 10^
3.2 x 10,
4
N.A.
Trumball, C.
1N-1K-35 ad
4-13-61
N.A.
20
5
. 1
1 x 10
5 x 10
5
N.A.
Goggles, A.
1N-1E-35 bb
4-28-65
N.A.
20
:o
1
2 x lo!;
9.5 x 10,
10
N.A.
Rhodes, R.
1N-1E-36 cc
5-31-61
N.A.
20
4
1
8 x w
4 x 10,
4
N.A.
uses
1N-2E-6 aa
6-6-66
N.A.
50
25
4
1.3 x 10.,
2.5 x 10,
6.3
N.A.
N. A.
1N-4E-31 dc
11-6-65
N.A.
9
15
13
2.4 x 10,
2.7 x 10,
1.2
N.A.
Ward, S.
1N-1W-5 ac
7-16-63
N.A.
40
5
14
8 x 10,
2 x io:
0.4
N.A.
Ward, A.
1N-1W-5 ac
7-17-63
N.A.
35
5
13
8 x 10^
2.3 x 10,
0.4
N.A.
Clare, D.
1N-1W-31 cb
10-16-63
N.A.
20
10
5
4 x 10^
2 x 10,
2
N.A.
McAdams, B.
1N-1W-32 dd
5-28-63
N.A.
40
10
5
4 x 10^
1 x 10,
2
N.A.
Enos, F.
1N-2W-25 cb
6-22-63
4
25
10
2
1 x 10*
4 x 10,
5
N.A.
Stagner, B.
1N-2W-25 db
9-10-63
4
25
15
7
4.2 x 10^
1.7 x 10,
2.1
N.A.
Peahrora, S.
1N-2W-26 ad
6-21-63
1
25
10
4
5 x 10^
2 x 10,
2.5
N.A.
LeClalr, E.
1N-2W-26 cb
6-28-63
3
19
15
5
6 x 10^
3.2 x 10,
3
N.A.
Compton, A.
1N-2W-26 dd
6-19-63
7
20
10
3
6.6 x 10,
3.3 x 10,
3.3
N.A.
Tyler, J.
1N-2W-35 ad
6-11-63
5
30
10
4
5 x 10^
1.7 x 10,
2.5
N.A.
Teran, B.
1N-2W-35 ad
6-11-63
4
35
18
7
5.2 x 10^
1.5 x 10,
2.6
N.A.
Dick, J.
1N-2W-36 cb
6-8-63
4
35
16
6
5.4 x 10^
1.5 x 10,
2.7
N.A.
Harris, F.
1N-2W-31 cd
7-18-63
2
35
15
2
1.5 x 10,
4.3 x 10,
7.5
N.A.
Harris, F.
1N-2W-31 cd
7-18-63
2
35
15
1
3 x 10^
8.6 x J0^
15
N.A.
USGS
4N-4W-cd
8-20-66
24
30
195
3
1.3 x 10^
4.3 x 10^
65
N.A.
USGS
4N-4W-22 ab
6-15-66
24
30
144
6
4.8 x 10*
1.6 x 10^
24
N.A.
St. Helens Church
4N-4W-24 cb
N.A.
N.A.
50
20
3
1.3 x 10
2.7 x 10,
6.7
N.A.
Chavez, L.
1S-1W-3 cc
5-21-63
4
20
20
4
1 x 10^
5 x 10,
5
N.A.
Brown, B.
1S-1W-4 ab
5-22-63
2
20
15
9
3.4 x 10^
1.7 x 10,
1.7
N.A.
Herford, V.
1S-1W-4 ad
5-1-63
0.5
20
15
9
3.4 x 10^
1.7 x 10,
1.7
N.A.
Henan, G.
1S-1W-4 be
5-1-63
0.5
20
20
5
8 x 10^
4 x 10
4
N.A
McAdams, L.
1S-1W-4 cb
5-4-63
0.5
30
20
6
6.6 x 10,
2.2 x 10,
3.3
N.A.
Hill, G.
1S-1W-4 cc
5-3-63
2
40
12
2
1.2 x 10^
3 x 10
'6
N.A.
Fort Washakie
1S-1W-4 cd
7-11-63
1
25
10
7
2.8 x 10^
1.1 x 10,
1.4
N.A.
USGS
1S-1W-4 da
7-25-66
1
45
25
4
1.3 x 10^!
2.8 x 10,
6.3
N.A.
Twitchell, G.
1S-1W-4 da
5-24-63
7
25
15
5
6 x 10^
2.4 x 10,
3
N.A.
Padia, P.
1S-1W-5 ab
4-28-63
3
115
12
3
8 x 10^
7 x 10,
4
N.A.
Nicol, F.
1S-1W-5 db
N.A.
4
40
6
3
4 x 10^
1 x 10,
2
N.A.
Soonup, C.
1S-1W-6 ad
6-10-63
6
43
10
15
1.4 x 10^
3.3 x 10,
0.7
N.A.
Engavo, N.
1S-1W-6 ca
4-20-63
4
20
10
4
5 x 10,
2.5 x 10,
2.5
N.A.
Murphy, R.
1S-1W-6 cd
N.A.
0.5
58
5
31
4 x 10^
0.7 x 10,
0.2
N.A.
Gould, T.
1S-1W-6 dd
4-22-63
1
15
12
4
6 x 10^
4 x 10,
3
N.A.
Tyler, M.
1S-1W-7 dc
4-5-63
2
42
12
5
4.8 x 10^
1.1 x 10,
2.4
N.A.
Meyers, P.
1S-1W-7 dd
4-8-63
3
30
15
3
1 x 10^
3.3 x 10,
5
N.A.
S t. Clair, E.
1S-1W-8 aa
N.A.
N.A.
50
20
5
8 * K
1.6 x 10,
4
N.A.
Burnett, R.
1S-1W-8 ab
5-20-63
N.A.
21
11
2
1.1 x 10*
5.2 x 10^
5.5
N.A.
Day, G.
1S-1W-8 ad
N.A.
N.A.
15
9
1
1.8 x 10
1.2 x 10
9
N.A.
-------
Table C-l. (continued)
Saturated
Formation Test Duration Thickness
Well Name or Owner
Location
Date
(hrs)
(ft)
QUATERNARY DEPOSITS
(continued)
Washakie, A.
1S-1W-8 da
4-9-63
1
35
Pogoree, J.
1S-1W-8 dc
4-6-63
2
20
Lebeau, M.
1S-1W-8 cc
N.A.
4
35
Cliingman, F.
1S-1W-9 bd
N.A.
1
31
Coslien, W.
1S-1W-9 da
N.A.
1
22
Wise, F.
1S-1W-10 be
5-15-63
N.A.
20
Moon, M.
1S-1W-10 cb
5-10-63
5
45
Coulston, L.
1S-1W-10 cb
7-1-64
3
50
Weed, S.
1S-1W-10 cd
7-1-63
3
31
Ute, A.
1S-1W-16 be
4-10-63
1
18
Wagon, S.
1S-1W-18 ba
N.A.
2
21
Robertson, T.
1S-1W-18 be
4-13-63
4
27
Posey, M.
1S-1W-J9 bb
4-1-63
6
15
Hugo, W.
1S-1W-1 cc
4-16-63
1
27
Shoyo, D.
1S-1W-1 db
6-8-63
N.A.
51
Wagon, J.
1S-1W-1 dc
4-18-63
2
21
Tillman, D.
1S-1W-1 dc
N.A.
3
15
Perry, L.
1S-1W-13 dd
4-3-63
4
61
Sc. Stevens Mission
1S-4W-9 cd
N.A.
1
47
Miller, L.
1S-3E-34 da
N.A.
4
85
WIND RIVER FORMATION
Cook, C.
1N-4E-21 dd
11-8-64
24
200
City of Riverton
1N-4E-26 ca
N.A.
48
70
City of Riverton
1N-4E-27 ac
N.A.
48
33
City of Riverton 1
1N-4E-35 bb
3-16-51
48
156
City of Riverton 2
1N-4E-35 bb
3-16-51
48
190
City of Riverton 3
1N-4E-34 ad
3-16-51
48
40
City of Riverton 4
1N-4E-27 dd
3-16-51
48
8
City of Riverton 5
1N-4E-27 dc
3-16-51
48
8
City of Riverton 6
1N-4E-27 cd
3-16-51
48
N.A.
City of Riverton 7
1N-4E-34 ba
3-16-51
48
8
City of Riverton 8
1N-4E-34 bb
3-16-51
51
8
City of Riverton 9
1N-4E-34 bb
3-16-51
48
8
City, of Riverton 10
1N-4E-34 ca
3-16-51
48
8
uses 11
1N-4E-33 dd
3-16-51
48
8
Wyo. Game and Fish
2S-2E-4 dd
N.A.
N.A.
460
Mount Hope Church
2S-2E-18 ad
N.A.
N.A.
435
Saunders, L.
2S-2E-31 ad
8-22-66
4
230
Montgomery, R.
2S-4E-12 dd
11-1-50
3
210
Pince, C.
3S-2E-3 bd
N.A.
8
210
City of Pavillion
3S-2E-7 cd
N.A.
7
500
Henry, R.
3S-2E-8 be
N.A.
24
110
Estimated Estimated
Yield Drawdown Transmissivity Permeability Specific Storage
(gpm) (ft) (gpd/ft) (gpd/ft ) Capacity Coefficient
40
1
8
X
2.3
X
10
107
40
N.A.
25
3
1.7
X
104
8.3
X
8.3
N.A.
7
1
1.4
X
10*
4
X
102
7
N.A.
10
10
2
X
104
6.4
X
102
1
N.A.
15
3
1
X
103
4.5
X
10
5
N.A.
20
7
5.8
X
103
2.9
X
10
2.9
N.A.
20
6
6.6
X
103
1.5
X
1°
3.3
N.A.
10
6
3.4
X
103
6.8
X
102
1.7
N.A.
15
8
3.8
X
104
1.2
X
103
1.9
N.A.
12
1
2.4
X
103
1.3
X
1°2
12
N.A.
15
11
2.8
X
103
1.3
X
101
1.4
N.A.
10
10
2
X
103
7.4
X
1°2
1
N.A.
20
10
4
X
104
2.7
X
103
2
N.A.
15
1
3
X
104
1.1
X
10*
15
N.A.
20
4
1
X
104
2
X
10
5
N.A,
12
2
1.2
X
1°3
5.7
X
102
6
N.A.
6
3
4
X
102
2.7
X
101
2
N.A.
7
31
4
X
104
0.7
X
103
0.2
N.A.
50
2
5
X
102
1.1
X
101
25
N.A.
5
57
2
X
10
0.2
X
10
0.1
N.A.
16
57
6 x 10J
0.3 x 10,
1.6 x 10,
0.3
N.A.
400
70
1.
.1 x lot
5.7
1
x 10
4 00
49
1
.6 x 10,
5 x 10
8.2
2.1
x 10
N.A.
N.A.
9 x 10^
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1 x 10
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
190
0.7
6
.9 x 101
8.6 x 10,
271
1.1
x 10
200
0.5
1 x 10*
1.3 x 10
400
2.1
x 10
200
0.5
1 x 10
N.A.
N.A.
2.0
x JO
200
0.5
1 x 10*
1.3 x 10,
400
1.9
x JO'
200
0.5
1 x 10*
1.3 x 10,
400
N.A.
200
0.5
1 x K
1.3 x 10,
400
2.0
x JO'
200
0.5
1 x 10*
1.3 x 10,
400
] .6
x 10
200
0.5
1 x 10*
1.3 x JO ,
400
1.3
x 10'
15
20
140
200
2 x 10,
2 x 10,
4.3 x JO j
4.6 x 10
0.1
0.1
N.A.
N.A.
10
30
6 x 10,
0.3 x 10
0.3
N.A.
5
50
2 x 10,
9.5 x 10,
0.1
N.A.
5
75
2 x 10,
9.5 x 10
0.1
N.A.
45
220
4 x 10,
8 x 10
0.4 x 10
0.2
3.6
x 10'
6
30
4 x 30
0.2
N.A.
-------
Table C-l. (continued)
Formation
Well Name or Owner
Location
Test
Date
Saturated Estimated Estimated
Duration Thickness Yield Drawdown Transmissivity Permeability
(hrs)
(ft)
-------
Table C-l. (continued)
Satural
Formation
Test
Duration
Thickm
Well Name or Owner
Location
Date
(hrs)
(ft)
ARI1CAREE FORMATION
(continued)
Sanford Ranches
30N-85W-27 ba
N. A.
N.A.
200
Rusco, Inc.
30N-86W-29 db
5-10-53
N. A.
25
'Rusco, Inc.
30N-87W-15 ab
11-5-56
N.A.
20
Jamermnn, C.
30N-91W-31 bb
10-1-51
N.A.
10
Holy Cross Cattle
30N-92W-35 ad
4-15-69
N.A.
15
Co.
Graham, E.
30N-93W-21 dd
N. A.
N.A.
20
Myers, A.
30N-94W-2O cb
11-1-57
N.A.
30
Contryraan, M.
30N-95W-27 ac
11-20-77
N.A.
40
FORT UNION-LANCE FORMATIONS UNDIVIDED
Lazy YK Cattle Co.
34N-93W-19 dd
11-12-73
N.A.
200
Lazy K Cattle Co.
34N-93W-20 aa
6-28-60
N.A.
300
Miles, J.
35N-89W-29 dc
4-12-63
N.A.
325
Miles, J.
35N-89W-32 ab
11-22-69
N.A.
300
M & D Land Co.
33N-86U-20 cd
N. A.
N.A.
100
MESAVERDE FORMATION
Arapahoe Ranch
6N-2E-32 ab
4-28-65
N.A.
90
Rochelle Sheep Camp
37N-87W-24 ac
10-7-59
N.A.
110
CIG Exploration
37N-87W-36 bd
N. A.
N.A.
500
CODY SHALE
Lindaur, H.
1N-1E-3 bb
N. A.
N.A.
80
Quiver, R.
1N-1W-31 ad
6-3-63
N.A.
90
Abeyta, G.
1S-1W-29 cc
8-13-65
N.A.
90
Eicholtz, R.
1S-1W-30 bd
N. A.
N.A.
200
Nicholas, W.
33N-99W-19 ca
11-25-61
N.A.
350
Calvert, F.
33N-99W-22 ac
9-30-63
4
240
Calvert, F.
33N-99W-22 be
10-18-63
6
200
Nicholls, D.
33N-99W-27 bb
11-2-78
3
30
FRONTIER FORMATION
St. Michael Mission
1N-1E-33 bb
N. A.
N.A.
50
Crowheart School
4N-4W-14 cc
11-4-65
28
400
Burnett, R.
4N-4W-25 da
N. A.
N.A.
212
Fike, J.
6N-3W-2 be
N. A.
N.A.
120
Roberts Mission
1S-1W-8 cc
N. A.
N.A.
452
Hollings, D.
1S-1W-25 dc
7-20-65
N.A.
N.A
Shoyo, H.
1S-2W-1 db
6-6-63
N.A.
50
Yield
(SP"0
Drawdown
Estimated
Transmissivity
(Rpd/ft)
Es t i ma Led
Permeability
(Rpd/ft )
Speci £ic
Capacity
Storage
Coef Picient
5
1
1
X
]04
5 x 10,
5
N.A
10
2
1
X
104
4 x 10,
5
N.A
10
1
2
X
104
1 x 10,
10
N.A
25
3
1.7
X
104
1.7 x 10,
8.33
N.A
15
1
3
X
ioA
2 x 10
15
N.A
25
3
1.7
X
104
8.3 x 102
8.33
N.A
12
2
1.2
X
104
4 x 10,
6
N.A
10
1
2
X
10
5 x 10
10
N.A
6
180
6.7
X
3.3 x 101
0.03
N.A
9
200
1
X
10i
5 x 10
0.05
N.A
10
241
8
X
102
2.5 x 10,
0.04
N.A
10
195
1
X
102
3.3 x 10"
0.05
N.A
5
81
1.2
X
io2
0.1 x 10
0.06
N.A
15
2
1.5
X
10*
1.7 x 102
7.5
N.A
5
50
2
X
101
0.2 x 10 .
0.1
N.A
10
300
6
X
io1
H
1
O
¦—i
X
CNl
0.03
N.A
20
291
1.4
X
101
0.2 x 10
0.07
N.A
2
60
6
X
102
6.7 x 10
0.03
N.A
3
13
4.8
X
10
4.6 x 10
0.23
N.A
5
800
2
X
lp1
1 x 10
0.01
N.A
120
200
1.2
X
1°
0.3 x 10
0.6
N.A
13
120
2.2
X
io?
9.2 x 10
0.11
N.A
8
180
8
X
103
4 x 10
0.04
N.A
12
18
1.3
X
10
4.4 x 10
0.67
N.A
20
18
2.2
X
102
4.4 x 101
1.1
N.A
10
100
2
X
5 x 10 r
0.1
N.A
4
145
6
X
ioi
2.8 x 10 7
0.03
N.A
3
60
1
X
io2
8.3 x 10"^
0.05
N.A
1
312
6
0
1.3 x 10
0.003
N.A
4
47
1.8
X
10
N.A.
0.09
N.A
5
32
3.2
X
io2
0.6 x 10
0.16
N.A
-------
Table C-l. (continued)
Saturated
Format ion Test Duration Thickness
Well Name or Owner
Location
Date
(hrs)
(ft)
FRONTIER FORMATION
(continued)
Van Hess, R.
1S-1E-15 ab
8-13-65
N.A.
38
Huchinson, B.
1S-1E-16 ac
N. A.
N.A.
70
Meyers, M.
2S-1E-7 dd
N.A.
N.A.
350
Meyers, E.
2S-1E-7 dd
N. A.
N.A.
250
Knlfer, D.
33N-99W-19 cd
8-28-75
N.A.
200
Sims, L.
33N-99W-20 dd
12-31-79
N.A.
200
Brown, W.
33N-100W-2 aa
5-1-79
3
100
CLOVERLY-MORRISON
FORMATIONS UNDIVIDED
Weber, J.
33N-99W-23 cd
2-12-60
N.A.
25
Best, M.
33N-100W-11 be
N. A.
N.A.
100
Hallett, A.
33N-100W-24 cb
6-24-78
N.A
N.A,
Spear, K.
33N-100W-24 ad
3-1-62
N.A.
N.A,
Hltshew, D
33N-100W-24 cd
5-1-62
N.A.
N.A.
Marker, V.
30N-82W-18 be
11-20-65
N.A.
35
Fooce, M.
30N-83W-26 ca
5-24-76
N.A.
100
Volker, E.
30N-83W-26 ca
10-1-56
N.A.
80
Adamson, M.
30N-83W-26 bd
5-26-78
N.A.
60
SUNDANCE-NUGGET FORMATIONS UNDIVIDED
British-American
3N-1W-5 ba
N. A.
N.A.
N.A.
Oil
N. A.
6N-2W-22 cb
N. A.
N.A.
140
Weed, H.
1S-2W-24 ad
3-29-63
N.A.
40
Lafferty, J.
1S-2W-26 ad
3-30-63
N.A.
56
Lewis, J.
33N-100W-22 dc
6-18-66
N.A.
60
Richardson, E.
33N-100W-22 be
7-1-69
N.A.
100
DavisD.
33N-100W-22 be
4-15-68
N.A.
100
Dent, H.
33N-100W-22 be
8-27-70
N.A.
200
Karhu, J.
33N-100W-22 be
5-26-76
N.A.
100
TENSLEEP SANDSTONE
Sjostrom, R.
33N-100W-18 bb
N.A.
N.A.
400
Town of Lander
33N-100W-25 ac
1-6-42
48
400
Brodie, J.
33N-101W-35 aa
5-20-69
3
20
Cole, R.
32N-101W-1 dd
N.A.
N.A.
50
Canyon Devi. Co.
32N-100W-9 ac
8-2-78
N.A.
35
Lucky Mc Uranium
33N-100W-22 aa
8-21-57
24
N.A.
Co.
Pathfinder Mines
33N-90W-22 be
6-1-68
24
N.A.
Lucky Mc Uranium
33N-90W-23 ac
6-4-57
24
N.A.
Co.
Estima ted Es tima ted
Yield Drawdown Transmissivity Permeability Specific Storage
(ftpm) (ft) (Rpd / ft) (f>pd/ft ) Capacity Coefficien
3
12
5
X
102
1.3
X
101
0. 25
N.A
3
10
41
185
1.4
1
X
X
102
102
0.2
2.9
X
X
10-1
101
0.07
0.05
N.A
N . A
10
200
1
X
:04
0.4"
X
10
0.05
N.A
25
1
5
X
102
2.5
X
101
25
N.A
15
70
4.2
X
102
0.2
X
101
0.21
N.A
10
60
3.4
X
102
0.3
X
101
0.17
N.A
5
15
6.7
X
102
2.7
X
101
0.33
N.A
25
100
5
X
10
0.5
X
101
0.25
N.A
20
185
2.2
X
103
N.
A.
0.11
N.A
4
1
8
X
104
N.
A.
4
N.A
10
1
2
X
103
N.
A.
10
N.A
15
12
2.5
X
io3
7.1
X
101
1.25
N.A
8
140
1.2
X
1°
0.1
X
ioi
0.06
N.A
7
90
1.6
X
102
0.2
X
101
0.08
N.A
5
100
1
X
10
0.2
X
101
0.05
N.A
6
N.A.
N.A.
N.,
A.
N.A.
N.A
15
N.A.
N.A. ,
N.,
A.
N.A.
N.A
10
3
6.7
X
103
1.7
X
102
3.3
N.A
9
2
9
X
102
1.6
X
101
4.5
N.A
10
41
4.8
X
103
0.8
X
0.24
N.A
28
35
1.6
X
102
1.6
X
101
0.8
N.A
15
60
5
X
102
0.5
X
101
0.25
N.A
20
47
8.6
X
102
0.4
X
101
0.43
N.A
12
51
4.8
X
102
0.5
X
101
0.24
N.A
100
1
2
X
104
5
X
101
100
N.A
539
10
1.1
X
104
2.7
X
102
5.4
N.A
18
2
1.8
X
103
9
X
101
9
N.A
10
5
4
X
103
8
X
103
2
N.A
12
8
3
X
1°3
8.6
X
10
1 .5
N.A
150
260
1.2
X
103
N. i
0.58
N.A
80
281
5.6
X
]03
N.,
A.
0.28
N.A
200
301
1.3
X
JO3
N.,
\.
0.66
N.A
-------
Table C-l. (continued)
Saturated Estimated Estimated
Formation Test Duration Thickness Yield Drawdown Transmissivity Permeability Specific Storage
Well Name or Owner Location Date (hrs) (ft) (gpm) (ft) (gpd/ ft) (gpd/ft ) Capacity Coefficient
MADISON LIMESTONE
Arapahoe Ranch
6N-4E-14 bb
4-28-63
N.A.
740
41
16
5.1
X
104
0.7 x 10,
2.6
N.A
N. A.
7N-1E-30 ba
3-1-61
2
306
25
3
1.7
X
102
5.4 x 10
8.3
N.A
Arapahoe Ranch
7N-5E-22 b
3-3-65
N.A.
740
5
16
6.2
X
1°
8.4 x 10 j
0.31
N.A
N. A.
6N-2E-26 db
9-17-64
N.A.
400
125
2030
1.2
X
105
6 x 10
0.06
N.A
N. A.
1S-1W-2 aa
N. A.
N.A.
N.A.
230
1
4.6
X
102
N.A. ,
230
N.A
Strube Const. Co.
33N-100W-29 ad
N.A.
N.A.
250
25
200
2.6
X
103
o.i x io:
0.13
N.A
Scheer, L.
33N-101W-21 cb
N. A.
N.A.
180
15
30
1
X
105
0.6 x io;:
0.5
N.A
Allen, L.
39N-89W-4 dd
5-2-57
N.A.
150
300
1
6
X
10
4 x 10
300
N.A
BIGHORN DOLOMITE
Pan American
2N-1W-18 cc
N. A.
N.A.
422
173
1285
2.6
X
103
6 X io"1
6.3 x 10*
0.13
N.A
Chadwick, F.
33N-101W-34 bb
9-24-77
N.A.
80
25
10
5
X
103
2.5
N.A
Wyo. Rec. Coram.
32N-100W-18 dd
N. A.
N.A.
50
25
6
8.3
X
103
1.7 x 10
4.2
N.A
n
I
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PAGE NOT
AVAILABLE
DIGITALLY
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