EPA 904/9-78-008
Kentucky Air Quality
Maintenance Planning
and Analysis
Area Source Emission Inventory
Allocation and Projection
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region IV, Atlanta, Georgia
Kentucky Department for Natural Resources
and Environmental Protection
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BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA 1. Report No. 2.
SHEET EPA 904/9-78-008
V
3. Recipient's Accession No.
4. Title and Subtitle
Kentucky Air Quality Maintenance Planning and Analysis
Area Source Emission Inventory, Allocation and Projection
5. Report Date
May 1978
6.
7. Author(s)
8. Performing Organization Rept.
No.
9. Performing Organization Name and Address
Engineering-Science
7903 Westpark Drive
McLean, Virginia 22101
10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.
Task Order 16
11. Contract/Grant No.
68-02-1380
12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region IV, Air Programs Branch
Atlanta, Georgia 30308
13. Type of Report & Period
Covered
Final
14.
15. Supplementary Notes
16. Abstracts
Engineering-Science assisted the Kentucky State Department of Natural Resources
and Environmental Protection in developing, allocating and projecting the TSP, SC^
NO , CO and HC Area Source Emission Inventory for the Louisville AQMA (SMSA) and
seven additional Kentucky counties surrounding the metropolitan Louisville area.
These outlying counties included Bullitt, Hardin, Henry, Oldham, Shelby, Spencer
and Trimble. Because of special considerations, Fort Knox was considered distinct
from Hardin County and a separate emission inventory was developed for this military
reservation. The baseline year was defined as 1975 with projection years of 1980,
1985 and 1995.
In developing, allocating and projecting the area source emission inventory, ES
made use of the instructions and methodologies described in Volume 1 through 13 of
the EPA Guideline Series for AQMA analysis as well as other EPA documents and publica-
tions. In particular ES incorporated the recently issued computer emission factor
program, Mobile 1, for motor vehicles in the calculation of HC, N0X and CO emissions.
Emission factors were determined for each calendar year, pollutant, average speed
(road class), ambient temperature, fraction cold-start operation and fraction hot-
start operation. Because the magnitude and location of future changes in activity
patterns play an important part in the estimation projection and allocation of
emissions, the regional growth patterns forecast by the planning agency were also
examined. In general, emissions from each of the 26 area source categories were
projected to the planning years and the total emissions were then distributed to
the appropriate sub-county areas. —
17.
KEY WORDS AND DOCUMENT ANALYSIS
a.
Descriptors
Air Pollution
Air Quality Maintenance
Suspended Particulate
Sulfur Dioxide
Hydrocarbon
Carbon Monoxide
Nitrogen Oxides
Area Source Categories
b.IDENTIFIERS/OPEN ENDED TERMS
State of Kentucky
Louisville SMSA
Bullitt, Hardin, Henry, Oldham,
Spencer and Trimble Counties
Emission Inventory, Allocation
and Projection
c.COSATI Field/Group
18. Availability Statement
Release Unlimited
19. Security Class (This
Report)
UNCLASSIFIED
20. Security Class (This
Page
UNCLASSIFIED
21. No. of Pages
225
22. Price
FORM NTIS-3S (REV. 10-731 ENDORSED BY ANSI AND UNESCO. •
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USCOMM-OC 8J
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904/9-78-008
Uh'zxy W
US Eav%ciiE:j-j5ifctl Prcteciioa Agg&y
345 Coariknd Street;
Atlanta, Georgia 30365
KENTUCKY AIR QUALITY MAINTENANCE
PLANNING AND ANALYSIS PROJECT
BOA Contract 68-02-1380
TASK ORDER NO. 16
FINAL REPORT
Prepared For
U. S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
Region IV
345 Courtland Street
Atlanta, Georgia 30309
and
Kentucky Air Quality Maintenance Area
Air Quality Task Force
Submitted By
Eng ineer ing-S c ienc e
7903 Westpark Drive
McLean, Virginia 22101
May 1978
iii
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This air pollution report is issued by Region IV,
Environmental Protection Agency to assist state and
local air pollution control agencies in carrying out
their program activities. Copies of this report may
be obtained,¦for a nominal cost, from the National
Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road,
Springfield, Virginia 22151.
This report was furnished to the Environmental Pro-
tection Agency by Engineering-Science, McLean, Virginia
in fulfillment of EPA Contract No. 68-02-1380, Task
Order No. 16. This report has been reviewed by Region IV,
EPA and approved for publication. Approval does not
signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views
and policies of the Environmental Protection Agency, nor
does mention of trade names or commercial products con-
stitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
Region IV Publication No. 904/9-78-008
iv
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I INTRODUCTION 1-1
II POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT II-l
A. Population Projections II-2
B. Employment Projections II-3
III SURVEY RESULTS III-l
A. Fuel Use Survey III-l
B. Dry Cleaning Survey III-2
C. Automotive Paint Survey III-2
D. Gasoline Marketing Survey III-3
IV GRID SYSTEM IV-1
V RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE V-l
A. 1975 Emission Inventory V-l
B. 1975 Emissions Allocation V-l
C. Projected Emission Inventory V-4
D. Projected Emission Allocation V-5
VI COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FUEL USE VI-1
A. 1975 Emissions Inventory VI-1
B. 1975 Emissions Allocation VI-3
C. Projected Emission Inventory VI-3
D. Projected Emission Allocation VI-3
VII INDUSTRIAL FUEL USE VII-1
VIII ON-SITE INCINERATION DATA VIII-1
A. 1975 Emission Inventory VIII-1
B. 1975 Emission Allocation VIII-2
C. Projected Emission Inventory VIII-2
D. Projected Emission Allocation VIII-2
IX OPEN BURNING IX-1
A. 1975 Emissions Inventory IX-1
B. 1975 Emissions Allocation IX-2
C. Projected Emission Inventory IX-3
D. Projected Emission Allocation IX-4
X HIGHWAY VEHICLES X-l
A. 1975 Emission Inventory X-l
B. 1975 Emission Allocation X-9
C. Projected Emission Inventory X-ll
D. Projected Emission Allocation X-26
v
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
CHAPTER
PAGE
XI
AIRCRAFT
t—1
i
H
fx!
A.
1975 Emission Inventory
XI-1
B.
1975 Emission Allocation
XI-1
C.
Projected Emission Inventory
XI-1
D.
Projected Emission Allocation
XI-2
XII
RAILROAD LOCOMOTIVES
XII-1
A.
1975 Emission Inventory
XII-1
B.
1975 Emission Allocation
XII-2
C.
Projected Emission Inventory
XII-2
D.
Projected Emission Allocation
XII-2
XIII
VESSELS
XIII-1
A.
1975 Emission Inventory
XIII-1
B.
1975 Emission Allocation
XIII-2
C.
Projected Emission Inventory
XIII-2
D.
Projected Emission Allocation
XIII-2
XIV
SMALL
GASOLINE ENGINES
XIV-1
A.
1975 Emission Inventory
XIV-1
B.
1975 Emission Allocation
XIV-1
C.
Projected Emission Inventory
XIV-1
D.
Projected Emission Allocation
XIV-2
XV
AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT
XV-1
A.
1975 Emission Inventory
XV-1
B.
1975 Emission Allocation
XV-4
C.
Projected Emission Inventory
XV-4
D.
Projected Emission Allocation
XV-4
XVI
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
XVI-1
A.
1975 Emission Inventory
XVI-1
Road Construction Equipment
XVI-1
Residential Construction Equipment
XVI-1
Miscellaneous Construction and Landfill
XVI-2
Equipment
B.
1975 Emission Allocation
XVI-5
C.
Projected Emission Inventory
XVI-5
D.
Projected Emission Allocation
XVI-5
XVII
SMALL
POINT SOURCES
XVII-1
XVIII
STRUCTURAL FIRES
XVIII-1
A.
1975 Emission Inventory
XVIII-1
B.
1975 Emissions Allocation
XVIII-2
C.
Projected Emission Inventory
XVIII-2
D.
Projected Emission Allocation
XVIII-2
vi
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CHAPTER
XVIX
XX
XXI
XXII
XXIII
XXIV
XXV
XXVI
XXVII
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
WILD FOREST FIRES
A. 1975 Emission Inventory
B. 1975 Emission Allocation
C. Projected Emission Inventory
D. Projected Emission Allocation
UNPAVED ROADS
A. 1975 Emission Inventory
B. 1975 Emission Allocation
C. Projected Emission Inventory
D. Projected Emission Allocation
UNPAVED AIRSTRIPS
TILLING ACTIVITY
A. 1975 Emission Inventory
B. 1975 Emission Allocation
C. Projected Emission Inventory
D. Projected Emission Allocation
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
A. 1975 Emission Inventory
B. 1975 Emission Allocation
C. Projected Emission Inventory
D. Projected Emission Allocation
WIND BLOWN DUST
PAVED ROADS
A. 1975 Emission Inventory
B. 1975 Emission Allocation
C. Projected Emission Inventory
D. Projected Emission Allocation
DRY CLEANING
A. 1975 Emission Inventory
B. 1975 Emission Allocation
C. Projected Emission Inventory
D. Projected Emission Allocation
SURFACE COATING
A.
B.
C.
D.
1975 Emission Inventory
Automotive Painting
Trade Paint Application
1975 Emission Allocation
Projected Emission Inventory
Projected Emission Allocation
PAGE
XVIX-1
XIX-1
XIX-1
XIX-2
XIX-2
XX-1
XX-1
XX-2
XX-2
XX-2
XXI-1
XXII-1
XXII-1
XXII-1
XXII-4
XXII-4
XXIII-1
XXIII-1
XXIII-2
XXIII-2
XXIII-2
XXIV-1
XXV-1
XXV-1
XXV-2
XXV-2
XXV-2
XXVI-1
XXVI-1
XXVI-1
XXVI-1
XXVI-2
XXVII-1
XXVII-1
XXVII-1
XXVII-3
XXVII-4
XXVII-4
XXVII-4
vii
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CHAPTER
XXVIII
XXIX
XXX
XXXI
XXXII
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
PETROLEUM STORAGE
MARKETING OF PETROLEUM
A. 1975 Emission Inventory
B. 1975 Emission Allocation
C. Projected Emission Inventory
D. Projected Emission Allocation
ASPHALT PAVING
A. 1975 Emission Inventory
B. 1975 Emission Allocation
C. Projected Emission Inventory
D. Projected Emission Allocation
FORT KNOX
A. 1975 Emissions Inventory
B. 1975 Projected Allocation
C. Projected Emission Inventory
D. Projected Emission Allocation
EMISSIONS SUMMARY
PAGE
XXVIII-1
XXIX-1
XXIX-1
XXIX-2
XXIX-3
XXIX-4
XXX-1
XXX-1
XXX- 2
XXX-2
XXX-2
XXXI-1
XXXI-1
XXXI-3
XXXI-3
XXXI-3
XXXII-1
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A JEFFERSON, FLOYD, AND CLARK COUNTIES
1973 EMISSION INVENTORY
APPENDIX B JEFFERSON, FLOYD, AND CLARK COUNTIES
1975 EMISSION INVENTORY UPDATE AND PROJECTIONS
APPENDIX C TOTAL POINT SOURCE HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS BY
SIC CODE
viii
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LIST OF TABLES
T.AB.LE PAGE
II-l 1975 POPULATION ESTIMATES II-2
H-2 COUNTY POPULATION PROJECTIONS H-3
II-3 COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL EMPLOYEES BY COUNTY II-4
II-4 MANUFACTURING EMPLOYEES BY COUNTY II-4
II-5 CONSTRUCTION EMPLOYEES BY COUNTY H-5
III-l FUEL SURVEY RESULTS III-l
III-2 DRY CLEANING SURVEY RESULTS III-2
HI-3 AUTO BODY SHOP SURVEY RESULTS III-3
IV-1 GRID DATA IV-13
V-l 1975 COUNTY RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE V-2
V-2 ESTIMATED TOTAL RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE BY COUNTY
AND FUEL TYPE V-2
V-3 EMISSION FACTORS FOR RESIDENTIAL FUEL BURNING V-3
V-4 1975 RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE EMISSIONS SUMMARY V-3
V-5 1980 PROJECTED TOTAL RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE BY
COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE V-4
V-6 1985 PROJECTED TOTAL RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE BY
COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE V-5
V-7 1995 PROJECTED TOTAL RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE BY
COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE V-5
VI-1 1975 COUNTY COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL FUEL USE VI-1
VI-2 ESTIMATED TOTAL COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
FUEL USE BY COUNTY AND TYPE VI-2
VI-3 EMISSION FACTORS FOR COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
FUEL BURNING VI-2
VI-4 1975 COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL EMISSIONS SUMMARY VI-3
VI-5 1980 PROJECTED TOTAL COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL
FUEL USE BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE VI-4
VI-6 1985 PROJECTED TOTAL COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL
FUEL USE BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE VI-4
VI-7 1995 PROJECTED TOTAL COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL
FUEL USE BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE VI-5
ix
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
TABLE PAGE
Viii-l ON-SITE INCINERATION DATA VIII-1
VIII-2 1975 ON-SITE INCINERATION EMISSION SUMMARY VIII-3
IX-1 OPEN BURNING DATA IX_2
IX-2 1975 OPEN BURNING EMISSION SUMMARY IX-2
IX-3 1980 OPEN BURNING PROJECTIONS IX"3
IX-4 1985 OPEN BURNING PROJECTIONS IX_4
IX-5 1995 OPEN BURNING PROJECTIONS IX-4
X-l VMT BY ROAD CLASSIFICATION AND VEHICLE TYPE x~2
X-2 1975 BULLITT COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA x_3
X-3 1975 HARDIN COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA X~4
X-4 1975 HENRY COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA x_4
X-5 1975 OLDHAM COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA x-5
X-6 1975 SHELBY COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA x_5
X-7 1975 SPENCER COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA x"6
X-8 1975 TRIMBLE COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA x~6
X-9 1975 MOTORCYCLE TRAFFIC DATA x"7
X-10 LOCALIZED 1975 VEHICLE REGISTRATION (FRACTION) x_8
X-ll 1975 MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION FACTORS x"10
X-12 1975 HIGHWAY VEHICLES EMISSIONS SUMMARY X-1°
X-13 1980 BULLITT COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA x~12
X-14 1980 HARDIN COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA x~12
X-15 1980 HENRY COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA x"13
X-16 1980 OLDHAM COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA X"13
X-17 1980 SHELBY TRAFFIC DATA X~14
X-18 1980 SPENCER COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA x~14
X-19 1980 TRIMBLE COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA X"15
X-20 1985 BULLITT COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA x_15
X-21 1985 HARDIN COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA x~16
X-22 1985 HENRY COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA x~16
X-23 1985 OLDHAM COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA x_17
X-24 1985 SHELBY COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA x"17
X-25 1985 SPENCER COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA x-18
X-26 1985 TRIMBLE COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA x-18
x
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
TABLE PAGE
X-27 1995 BULLITT COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA X-19
X-28 1995 HARDIN COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA X-19
X-29 1995 HENRY COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA X-20
X-30 1995 OLDHAM COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA X-20
X-31 1995 SHELBY COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA X-21
X-32 1995 SPENCER COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA X-21
X-33 1995 TRIMBLE COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA X-22
X-34 1980 MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION FACTORS X-22
X-35 1985 MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION FACTORS X-23
X-36 1985 AND 1995 MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION FACTORS X-23
X-37 PROJECTED TSP EMISSION FACTORS X-24
X-38 1980 HIGHWAY VEHICLES EMISSIONS SUMMARY X-25
X-39 1985 HIGHWAY VEHICLES EMISSIONS SUMMARY X-25
X-40 1995 HIGHWAY VEHICLES EMISSIONS SUMMARY X-26
XI-1 AIRCRAFT OPERATION AND EMISSION SUMMARY XI-3
XII-1 RAILROAD OPERATING DATA XII-4
XII-2 1975 FUEL USAGE BY RAILROAD COMPANIES XII-4
XII-3 1975 RAILROAD LOCOMOTIVE EMISSION SUMMARY XII-5
XIII-1 1975 DIESEL VESSEL EMISSION SUMMARY XIII-3
XIII-2 1975 GASOLINE VESSEL EMISSION SUMMARY XIII-3
XIV-1 1975 SMALL GASOLINE ENGINES EMISSION SUMMARY XIV-2
XV-1 ESTIMATED FARM TRACTOR FUEL CONSUMPTION XV-2
XV-2 1975 GASOLINE TRACTOR EMISSION SUMMARY XV-3
XV-3 1975 DIESEL TRACTOR EMISSION SUMMARY XV-3
XV-4 PAST AND PROJECTED HARVESTED CROPLAND XV-4
XVI-1 ROAD CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT OPERATING DATA XVI-2
XVI-2 RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT OPERATING DATA XVI-3
XVI-3 MISCELLANEOUS CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT OPERATING DATA XVI-3
XVI-4 EMISSION FACTORS FOR CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT XVI-4
XVI-5 1975 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT EMISSION SUMMARY XVI-4
XVIII-1 1975 STRUCTURAL FIRE DATA XVIII-1
XVIII-2 1975 STRUCTURAL FIRE EMISSION SUMMARY XVIII-2
xi
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
TABLE
PAGE
XIX-1
XIX-2
XX-1
XX-2
XXII-1
XXII-2
XXIII-1
XXIII-2
XXV-1
XXVI-1
1975 FOREST FIRE DATA
WILD FOREST FIRE EMISSION SUMMARY
UNPAVED ROADS DATA
1975 UNPAVED ROADS EMISSION SUMMARY
1975 ACREAGE TILLED AND NUMBER OF TILLINGS
PER YEAR
1975 TILLING ACTIVITY EMISSION INVENTORY
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY CALCULATIONS
1975 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY EMISSION SUMMARY
1975 PAVED ROAD EMISSION SUMMARY
1975 DRY CLEANING OPERATING DATA
XIX-1
XIX-2
XX-3
XX-3
XXII-2
XXII-3
XXIII-3
XXIII-4
XXV-1
XXVI-2
XXVII-1
XXVII-2
XXVII-3
XXVII-4
XXIX-1
XXIX-2
XXIX-3
XXX-1
XXX-2
XXXI-1
XXXI-2
XXXII-1
through
XXXII-5
XXXII-6
through
XXXII-10
1975 AUTOMOTIVE PAINTING DATA XXVII-1
1975 AUTOMOTIVE PAINTING EMISSION SUMMARY XXVII-2
1975 TRADE PAINT CONSUMPTION XXVII-3
1975 TRADE PAINT EMISSION SUMMARY XXVII-4
EMISSION FACTORS FOR GASOLINE MARKETING XXIX-1
1975 GASOLINE MARKETING DATA XXIX-2
1975 GASOLINE MARKETING EMISSION SUMMARY XXIX-3
1975 CUTBACKS USED IN ASPHALT PAVING XXX-1
1975 ASPHALT PAVING EMISSION SUMMARY XXX-2
DATA AVAILABLE FROM FORT KNOX XXXI-2
EMISSION SUMMARY FOR FORT KNOX KENTUCKY XXX1 "4
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1975 for XXXII-2
PARTICULATES, SULFUR DIOXIDE, CARBON MONOXIDE, through
HYDROCARBONS, AND NITROGEN OXIDES XXXII-6
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1980 for XXXII-7
PARTICULATES, SULFUR DIOXIDE, CARBON MONOXIDE, through
HYDROCARBONS, AND NITROGEN OXIDES XXXII-11
xii
-------
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
table page
XXXII-11 AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1985 for XXXII-12
through PARTICULATES, SULFUR DIOXIDE, CARBON MONOXIDE, through
XXXII-15 HYDROCARBONS, AND NITROGEN OXIDES XXXII-16
XXXII-16 AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1995 for XXXII-17
through PARTICULATES, SULFUR DIOXIDE, CARBON MONOXIDE, through
XXXII-20 HYDROCARBONS, AND NITROGEN OXIDES XXXII-21
XXXII-21 BASELINE YEAR AND PROJECTED EMISSION SUMMARY XXXII-22
A-l 1973 AREA SOURCE PARTICULATE EMISSIONS SUMMARY A-3
A-2 1973 AREA SOURCE SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS SUMMARY A-4
A-3 1973 AREA SOURCE CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS SUMMARY A-5
A-4 1973 AREA SOURCE HYDROCARBONS EMISSIONS SUMMARY A-6
A-5 1973 AREA SOURCE NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSIONS SUMMARY A-7
B-l 1975 ESTIMATED TOTAL RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE BY
COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE B-3
B-2 1980 ESTIMATED TOTAL RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE BY
COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE B-4
B-3 1985 ESTIMATED TOTAL RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE BY
COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE B-4
B-4 1995 ESTIMATED TOTAL RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE BY
COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE B-4
B-5 1975 ESTIMATED TOTAL COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
FUEL USE BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE B-5
B-6 1980 ESTIMATED TOTAL COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
FUEL USE BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE B-5
B-7 1985 ESTIMATED TOTAL COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
FUEL USE BY COUNTY. AND FUEL TYPE B-6
B-8 1995 ESTIMATED TOTAL COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
FUEL USE BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE B-6
B-9 SAPOLLUT MODEL RESULTS (106 VMT) B-7
B-10 1975 LOUISVILLE SMSA TRAFFIC DATA B-8
B-ll 1975 LOUISVILLE SMSA HIGHWAY VEHICLE EMISSIONS B-8
B-12 1980 LOUISVILLE SMSA TRAFFIC DATA B-9.
B-13 1985 LOUISVILLE SMSA TRAFFIC DATA B-9
B-14 1995 LOUISVILLE SMSA TRAFFIC DATA B-10
xiii
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LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
TABLE PAGE
B-15 1975 AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS AND EMISSIONS B-ll
B-16 COMPARISON OF 1973 AND 1975 UNPAVED ROAD DATA
FOR FLOYD AND CLARK COUNTIES 8-15
B-17 AVERAGE EMISSION DATA B-17
B-18 1975 DRY CLEANING HYDROCARBON EMISSION SUMMARY B-17
B-19 1975 REPORTED AUTOMOTIVE PAINT SALES B~18
B-20 1975 AUTOMOTIVE PAINTING EMISSION SUMMARY B-19
B-21 TRADE PAINT USAGE AND EMISSIONS 5-19
B-22 1975 GASOLINE MARKETING DATA B-20
B-23 1975 PETROLEUM MARKETING EMISSION SUMMARY B-20
B-24 AREA SOURCE EMISSION SUMMARY - JEFFERSON COUNTY B-22
through PARTICULATES, SULFUR DIOXIDE, CARBON MONOXIDE, through
B-28 HYDROCARBONS, AND NITROGEN OXIDES 5-26
B-29 AREA SOURCE EMISSION SUMMARY - FLOYD COUNTY B-27
through PARTICULATES, SULFUR DIOXIDE, CARBON MONOXIDE, through
B-33 HYDROCAROBNS, AND NITROGEN OXIDES B~31
B-34 AREA SOURCE EMISSION SUMMARY - CLARK COUNTY B-32
through PARTICULATES, SULFUR DIOXIDE, CARBON MONOXIDE, through
B-38 HYDROCARBONS, AND NITROGEN OXIDES B~36
C-l TOTAL POINT SOURCE HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS BY c-3
SIC CODE FOR BULLITT, HARDIN, HENRY, OLDHAM,
SHELBY AND SPENCER COUNTIES
C-2 TOTAL POINT SOURCE HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS BY c_5
SIC CODE FOR CLARK AND FLOYD COUNTIES
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
IV-1 BULLITT COUNTY GRID IV-2
IV-2 HARDIN COUNTY GRID Iv_3
IV-3 HENRY COUNTY GRID IV-4
IV-4 OLDHAM COUNTY GRID IV-5
IV-5 SHELBY COUNTY GRID T-v_6
IV-6 SPENCER COUNTY GRID IV"7
xlv
-------
LIST OF FIGURES (Continued)
FIGURE PAGE
IV-7 TRIMBLE COUNTY GRID IV-8
IV-8 JEFFERSON COUNTY GRID IV-9
IV-9 FLOYD COUNTY GRID IV-10
IV-10 CLARK COUNTY GRID IV-11
IV-11 SUMMARY WORK SHEET IV-12
XXII-1 GROWTH IN FREIGHT TRAIN MILES XII-3
xv
-------
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
In 1975 Engineering-Science, under contract to the Environmental Protection
Agency Region IV (EPA), conducted an air pollution emission inventory for
the Louisville Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) consisting of
Jefferson County, Kentucky and Floyd and Clark Counties, Indiana. This project
was part of the air quality maintenance planning and analysis program completed
by the Kentucky Department for Natural Resources and Environmental Protection.
The inventory was made for the 1973 base-line year and considered two pollutants,
sulfur dioxide (SO2) and particulate matter (TSP). In general, Engineering-
Science was responsible for the analysis of area sources and the Department for
point sources. The work was divided into four activity areas:
o Update of the 1973 county-wide base-line year emission inventory.
o Allocation of the base-line year emission inventory to subcounty
areas appropriate to dispersion modeling.
o Projection of the county-wide emission inventories to 1975, 1980,
and 1985.
o Allocation of the projected emissions to subcounty areas.
The final report of the project is contained in the EPA document,
Louisville Air Quality Maintenance Area Planning and Analysis - Volume 1,
EPA 904/9-76-015. Summary base-line year and projected emission inventories
by source category taken from that report are contained in Tables A-l and A-2,
Appendix A.
The work reported in this volume is an extension of the earlier work.
Seven additional Kentucky counties surrounding metropolitan Louisville are
included: Bullitt, Hardin, Henry, Oldham, Shelby, Spencer and Trimble.
Furthermore, the emissions inventoried include, in addition to SO2 and TSP,
the other three criteria pollutants, nitrogen oxide (N0x), carbon monoxide
(CO) and hydrocarbons (HC). The base-line year is defined as 1975 with pro-
jection years of 1980, 1985, and 1995.
1-1
-------
In the earlier project it was found that several source categories are not
relevant to the study area. These source categories, listed below, are not
considered further:
o Frost Control
o Slash Burning
o Agricultural Burning
o Prescribed Burning
o Coal Refuse Burning
As in the earlier study, wherever possible and to the degree possible,
the instructions and methodologies contained in EPA documents and publications
have been followed. In particular, reference is made to the following:
o Compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors (AP-42 Supplement 6).
o Guide for Compiling a Comprehensive Emission Inventory, Second
Edition (APTD 1135).
o Guidelines for Air Quality Maintenance Planning and Analysis.
Volume 7: Projecting County Emissions,
o Guidelines for Air Quality Maintenance Planning and Analysis.
Volume 13: Allocating Projected Emissions to Subcounty Areas,
o Methodology for Inventorying Hydrocarbons (EPA-600/4-76-813).
o 40 CFR 51 Subpart D. Maintenance of National Standards.
In addition to this introduction, this report contains a chapter which
describes the population, employment and land use data base upon which the
emissions are estimated and projected; a chapter which describes the results
of the surveys conducted to define the base-line year emissions; and a chapter
which describes the subcounty allocation scheme. The main body of the report
contains the inventories and allocation procedures and results for the seven
additional counties. Following the first three chapters, the next several
chapters discuss the data requirements, data sources and availability, emission
factors and methodology for determining the 1975 base-line year emissions
and emission projections for each of the source categories.
Because of special considerations, Fort Knox is considered distinct from
Hardin County and the results for the military reservation are reported in a
separate chapter. Finally, the last chapter summarizes the results of the
analysis.
1-2
-------
The update and expansion of the Jefferson, Floyd, and Clark County Data
are considered in the appendices. Appendix A is an expansion of the original
1973 emission inventory to include the three additional criteria pollutants.
An examination of the totals shown in Appendix A led to the conclusion
that many of the original source categoreis were not significant. Therefore,
it was agreed by the Jefferson County Air Pollution Control District (JCAPCD)
that only those source categories contributing significantly to the totals of
one or more pollutants and the new hydrocarbon evaporative sources would be
reinventoried for 1975 and projected to the planning years. These inventories
are contained in Appendix B.
1-3
-------
CHAPTER II
POPULATION AND EMPLOYMENT
Because population and employment growth, and the location of the
industry, housing, and commercial/institutional establishments to support
the growth play such an important part in the projection and allocation of
air pollution emissions, the general regional growth factors are examined
separately in this chapter. In general, it will be required that each of the
several area source category emissions be projected to the planning years and
the total emissions be distributed to appropriate subcounty areas.
For each source category,^the projections and distribution can be done
in one of three ways.
o A two-step approach in which country-wide emissions are projected
and then distributed to subcounty areas in accordance with in-
dependently determined factors, or,
o Direct projection of the disaggregated totals, since the base-
line year emission inventory has already been distributed to
subcounty areas, or,
o A combination of the first two approaches in which disaggregated
baseline year emissions are projected and then adjusted to
the correct projected county-wide totals. This approach will
be the one more commonly used.
The distribution of county totals to subcounty areas may involve three
processes. We have used the word "allocate" to indicate distribution of county
totals to subcounty areas, such as census tracts, planning districts, drainage
basins, etc., in accordance with some rational surrogate allocation factor,
e.g., population. Apportionment is the distribution of county-wide or sub-
county emissions to the square grid system discussed in Chapter III. This is
done by area integration. Assignment places a discrete area source, e.g.,
aircraft operations, into a particular known subcounty area or grid square.
II-l
-------
A. POPULATION PROJECTIONS
Provisional 1975 population estimates by counties, with the exception of
Hardin County, were provided by the Kentuckiana Regional Planning and Development
Agency (KIPDA). Revised 1975 estimates were received later, after baseline year
emission calculations and allocations were made. The difference between the
two estimates is considered insignificant with regard to air quality. The
1975 projections for Hardin County were provided by the Lincoln Trail Area
Development District (LTADD). The 1975 Hardin County population is 78,000.
This figure includes the Fort Knox military base. The 1975 on-post population
of Fort Knox was 37,640.(1) This figure includes 6,000 residents of Meade County.
Therefore, the 1975 Fort Knox population in Hardin County is 31,640. These
data are summarized in Table II-l. In addition, for Jefferson, Floyd, and
Clark Counties, the 1975 projected populations from the Louisville Air Quality
Maintenance Plan (LAQMP) are shown.
The 1975 KIPDA population estimates by census tract were available for
Jefferson County based on a county total of 731,843. These estimates were
apportioned to grid squares by area integration and then normalized to the
1975 provisional estimate of 733,212.
TABLE II-l
1975 POPULATION ESTIMATES
! COUNTY
PROVISIONAL
REVISED
LAQMP
Bullitt
33,642
32,785
Hardin
46,360
46,360
Fort Knox
31,640
31,640
Henry
11,532
11,666
Oldham
18,651
18,134
Shelby
20,126
20,201
Spencer
5,372
5,330
Trimble
5,683
5,683
Jefferson
733,212
732,366
739,911
Floyd
59,457
59,300
58,484
Clark
84,595
84,331
87,726
: TOTAL
1,050,270
1,047,796
886,121
^Taken as an average of the 1975 fiscal year population: 34,062, and the
population as of June 30, 1976: 41,217.
II-2
-------
Such resolution of population distribution was not available for the other
counties. For Floyd and Clark Counties, the 1975 census tract population
estimates from the LAQMP were apportioned to grid squares by area integration
and then normalized to the 1975 provisional estimates. For all other counties
the 1970 population of county subdivisions ^ was disaggregated to grid squares
by area integration and then normalized to the 1975 provisional estimates.
Projected population by county was available from KIPDA and LTADD. No
significant changes in population were anticipated in Fort Knox. Reportedly,
major changes in population would occur only in case of war. Hence, Fort Knox
population remains the same through the projection years. County population
projections are shown in Table-II-2.
TABLE I1-2
COUNTY POPULATION PROJECTIONS
COUNTY
1980
1985
1995
Bullitt
41,811
50,004
70,582
Hardin
57,940
71,198
90,194
Fort Knox
31,640
31,640
31,640
Henry
12,261
13,143
15,158
Oldham
23,478
26,232
32,530
Shelby
21,738
23,480
27,222
Spencer
5,627
6,371
8,002
Trimble
6,076
6,507
7,412
Jefferson
789,124
845,480
957,186
Floyd
65,634
71,886
85,132
Clark
96,780
106,788
127,852
TOTAL
1,152,109
1,252,729
1,452,910 ;
B. EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS
Baseline 1975 and projected commercial/institutional, manufacturing and
construction employment data by county, with the exception of Hardin County, were
provided by KIPDA. Hardin County employment data were provided by the LTADD.
Employment data for Floyd and Clark Counties were not available. Jefferson County
growth projections were used to represent the growth in the entire Louisville
SMS A.
^ From 1970 Census of Population, Bureau of Census, July 1971.
II-3
-------
The commercial and institutional employment data are summarized in
Table II-3. Commercial and institutional data include employees from trans-
portation, wholesale and retail trade, services, and government organizations.
Manufacturing and construction employment data are presented in Tables II-4
and II-5, respectively.
TABLE II-3
COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL EMPLOYEES BY COUNTY
COUNTY
1975
1980
1985
1995
Bullitt
2,289
3,855
4,901
7,501
Hardin
3,933
4,192
4,439
4,940
Henry
1,464
1,790
2,023
2,524
Oldham
2,015
3,160
3,777
5,190
Shelby
3,691
4,220
4,768
5,895
Spencer
428
563
681
937
Trimble
548
625
704
896
Jefferson
198,643
241,802
260,455
299,907
TABLE II-4
MANUFACTURING EMPLOYEES BY COUNTY
COUNTY
1975
1980
1985
1995
Bullitt
882
1,510
2,167
4,203
Hardin
2,965
3,162
3,348
3,726
Henry
458
700
825
1,101
Oldham
486
783
986
1,478
Shelby
1,001
1,200
1,368
1,675
Spencer
31
49
57
71
Trimble
23
35
46
77
Jefferson
104,731
114,655
125,931
141,761
II-4
-------
TABLE II-5
CONSTRUCTION EMPLOYEES BY COUNTY
COUNTY
1975
1980
1985
1995
Bullitt
111
178
227
349
Hardin
410
437
463
515
Henry
61
90
110
145
Oldham
233
311
364
485
Shelby
175
180
193
223
Spencer
10
10
10
13
Trimble
26
38
50
78
Jefferson
14,140
17,354
18,409
20,465
II-5
-------
CHAPTER III
SURVEY RESULTS
Four vendor surveys were planned in order to gather data for the emission
inventory. In general, the methods for conducting the surveys are those sug-
gested in the EPA Publication, Methodology for Inventorying Hydrocarbons,
EPA-600/4-76-813. The forms used for the surveys are found at the end of
this chapter.
A. FUEL USE SURVEY
The 1973 emission inventory for the Louisville SMSA included a compre-
hensive survey of all fuel dealers in the area. Results were satisfactory,
and it was believed that reasonably accurate estimates were made of fuel use
by type and user. In order to avoid imposing further burden upon the fuel
jobbers, it was agreed that a sample of fuel distributors would be surveyed
to determine fuel use changes during the 1973 to 1975 period. The data col-
lected could then be used to estimate 1975 fuel usage both in the SMSA and
the seven other counties.
Eighteen fuel oil distributors and all natural gas distributors were
surveyed; all responded. Those distributors who reported sharp changes in
sales volume were recontacted to verify the accuracy of the data. The re-
sults of the survey are summarized in Table III-l. Because of the confidential
nature of the information, only totals are shown.
TABLE III-l
FUEL SURVEY RESULTS
DISTILLATE OIL (103gal)
NATURAL GAS (106ft3)
.1973 1975 % Change
1973 1975 % Change
Residential
Commercial/Institutional
3,435 3,502 +2.0
7,059 7,038 -0.3
28,576 28,285 -1.0
18,885 18,335 -2.9
III-l
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B. DRY CLEANING SURVEY
A survey of all dry-cleaning plants in the seven-county area and a
partial survey of dry-cleaning plants in Jefferson County was conducted.
The results of the latter survey are reported in Appendix B. Only a small
portion of the dry-cleaning operators in the seven-county area responded to
the mail survey. A telephone follow-up showed that most of the dry cleaners
who had not responded were only pick-up centers for centralized cleaning.
Three establishments had gone out of business.
Table III-2 summarizes the survey results. In the seven-county area,
there were nine establishments with cleaning on the premises. Of these,
seven provided solvent usage data; the other two were only able to estimate
the quantity of clothes cleaned weekly.
TABLE III-2
DRY CLEANING SURVEY RESULTS
COUNTY
NO. OF ESTABLISHMENTS
TOTAL
CLEANERS
PICK-UP
PROVIDED DATA
Bullitt
3
1
2
1
Hardin
6
6
0
4
Henry
0
0
0
0
Oldham
2
0
2
0
Shelby
5
2
3
2
Spencer
0
0
0
0
Trimble
0_
0
J)_
TOTAL
16
9
7
7
C. AUTOMOTIVE PAINT SURVEY
A survey of all auto body shops and automobile dealers in the area,
including the Louisville SMSA, was made. Response to the survey was unsatis-
factory. A telephone follow-up was made in the seven outlying counties;
however, because of the large number of shops and dealers in Louisville, a
III-2
-------
telephone follow-up was impractical. Instead, a survey of auto paint
suppliers was conducted. Table III-3 summarizes the results of the body-
shop survey. Of the total of 89 establishments, 47 did no painting. Of
those who did painting, 23 provided data.
TABLE III-3
AUTO BODY SHOP SURVEY RESULTS
COUNTY
NO. OF
ESTABLISHMENTS
TOTAL
PAINTING
NO PAINTING
PROVIDED DATA
Bullitt
21
2
17
2
Hardin
34
21
10
11
Henry
2
1
1
1
Oldham
11
3
8
3
Shelby
14
7
6
5
Spencer
1
0
1
0
Trimble
6
1
4
1
TOTAL
89
35
47
23
The automotive paint supplier survey was conducted only in the Louisville
SMSA. There are six automobile paint suppliers in the area. After a telephone
follow—up, all responded. Data supplied by one of the suppliers, found to be
inaccurate, was corrected by considering data supplied by the other five.
D. GASOLINE MARKETING SURVEY
The original survey was directed at gasoline service station operators.
Response was unsatisfactory even after an extensive follow-up by telephone.
An additional survey was made of the nine gasoline distributors in the area.
All responded with accurate data.
III-3
-------
ENGINEERING-SCIENCE. CO.
1973-1975 FUEL USE UPDATE
COMPANY NAME: -
ADDRESS:
PERSON TO CONTACT ABOUT FORM:
TELEPHONE:
On the form below, please indicate the percent increase on sales from
1973 to 1975. Extreme accuracy in calculating this figure is not necessary.
For the intended purposes, a rough estimate will be adequate. The areas
covered in the study are Jefferson County, Kentucky and Floyd and Clark
Counties, Indiana.
Type of Fuel Sold
— _?ype of Customer
Residential
Commercial/
Institutional
Distillate Oil
9f
/o
%
i:
Residual Oil
%
%
%
Other (specify)
X
1
%
COMMENTS:
DATE FORM PREPARED:
III-4
-------
ENGINEERING-SCIENCE
7903 WESTPARK DRIVE • McLEAN, VIRGINIA 22101 ¦ 703/790-9300
DRY CLEANING SURVEY
CABLE ADDRESS: ENGINSCI
TELEX. 89-9401
GENERAL INFORMATION;
COMPANY NAME:
ADDRESS:
NEAREST STREET INTERSECTION^
PERSON TO CONTACT ABOUT FORM:
TELEPHONE:
NORMAL OPERATING SCHEDULE:
OPERATIONAL INFORMATION:
TYPE OF DRY CLEANING UNIT:
hot or dry-to-dry
cold or transfer
both of the above
other (please specify)
AMOUNT OF CLOTHES CLEANED PER YEAR: tons
or AVERAGE AMOUNT OF CLOTHES CLEANED PER WEEK: pounds
TYPE AND AMOUNT OF SOLVENT CLEANER PURCHASED IN 1975:
Perch! oroethylene gallons/year
Stoddard solvent gallons/year
hrs/day
days/week
_weeks/year
APPROXIMATE PERCENT OF SEASONAL SALES:
Dec. - Feb. % Mar. - May %
Jun. - Aug. % Sep. - Nov. %
APPROXIMATE PERCENT OF DAILY SALES FROM: 6:00 AM to 9:00 AM
%
Other (specify)
Other (specify)
ON-SITE SOLVENT STORAGE CAPACITY:
gallons/year
gallons/year
_gal Ions
ARCADIA • ATLANTA • AUSTIN • BERKELEY • CLEVELAND • HOUSTON • McLEAN • SAN DIEGO • WASHINGTON, D.C.
III-5
-------
ENGINEERING-SCIENCE. CO.
DRY CLEANING SURVEY (CONT'D)
SUPPLIER OF SOLVENT - NAME AND ADDRESS
Perch!oroethylene: ________
Stoddard:
Other (specify):
Other (specify):
SOLVENT COMPONENTS - please list the names of all solvent(s) used and their
components as listed on tfiiTsolvent's package or bottle.
Name of Solvent Ingredients
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL EQUIPMENT DATA:
DOES YOUR ESTABLISHMENT HAVE A VAPOR RECOVERY SYSTEM INSTALLED?
Water-cooled condenser:
Activated-carbon absorber:
Other (please specify):
COMMENTS:
DATE PREPARED:
II I-6
-------
ENGINEERING-SCIENCE CO.
7903 WESTPARK DRIVE • McLEAN. VIRGINIA 22101 ¦ 703/790-9300
CABLE ADDRESS ENGINSCI
TELEX. 89-9401
AUT0M0TIVF PAINTING SURVEY
GENERAL INFORMATION:
COMPANY NAME:
ADDRESS:_
NAME OF NEAREST STREET INTERSECTION:
PERSON TO CONTACT ABOUT F0RM:_
TELEPHONE
NORMAL OPERATING SCHEDULE:
hrs/day days/week weeks/year
APPROXIMATE PERCENT OF SEASONAL SALES:
Dec. - Feb. % Mar. - May %
Jun. - Aug. % Sep. - Nov. %
APPROXIMATE PERCENT OF DAILY SALES FROM: 6:00 AM to 9:00 AM %
OPERATIONAL INFORMATION:
TYPE AND AMOUNT OF COATING BEING USED:
ACRYLIC ENAMEL GAL/YR OR GAL/WK
SYNTHETIC ENAMEL GAL/YR OR GAL/WK
ACRYLIC LACQUER GAL/YR OR GAL/WK
OTHER (please specify):
GAL/YR OR GAL/Wk
GAL/YR OR GAL/WK
TYPE AND AMOUNT OF PRIMER BEING USED:
ENAMEL PRIMER GAL/YR OR GAL/WK
LACQUER PRIMER GAL/YR OR GAL/WK
OTHER (please specify):
GAL/YR OR GAL/WK
GAL/YR OR GAL/WK
ARCADIA - ATLANTA • AUSTIN • BERKELEY - CLEVELAND - HOUSTON • McLEAN • SAN DIEGO - WASHINGTON, D.C.
-------
ENGINEERING-SCIENCE. CO.
TYPE AND AMOUNT OF THINNER OR REDUCER USED:
ENAMEL REDUCER GAL/YR OR GAL/WK
LACQUER THINNER GAL/YR OR GAL/WK
OTHER (please specify):
GAL/YR OR GAL/WK
GAL/YR OR GAL/WK
NUMBER OF SPRAYING BOOTHS AT THIS FACILITY:
IS A PAINT BAKING OVEN USED AT THIS FACILITY: Yes ¦ No
COMMENTS:
DATE PREPARED:
III-8
-------
NAME OF COMPANY:
AUTOMOTIVE PAINT SURVEY
(SUPPLIERS)
1) On the form below, please indicate one of the following:
a) Number of gallons sold in 1975, or
b) Average number of gallons sold per month in 1975
(You can choose whichever is easier for you to supply.)
f--
Units (fill in one column only)
Kind of
Coating
| (b) Average Number
(a) Gallons Sold or of Gallons Sold
in 1975 j per Month, 1975
Acrylic Enamel
Synthetic Enamel
Lacquer
Enamel Primer
Lacquer Primer
| Enamel Reducer
Lacquer Thinner
Other (specify)
2) Were all the above stated amounts sold to establishments in the
automotive paint business? Yes No
3) If the answer to question 2) is "No", please indicate what
percent of the sales was to automotive painting establishments.
%
III-9
-------
Please indicate if you conduct business in one or more of
the following counties:
Jefferson
Yes
No
Floyd
Yes
No
Clark
Yes
No
Bullitt
Yes
No
Hardin
Yes
No
Henry
Yes
No
Oldham
Yes
No
Others(please specify)
Prepared by:
Date:
Comments:
111-10
-------
ENGINEERING-SCIENCE
7903 WESTPARK DRIVE ¦ McLEAN. VIRGINIA 22101 ¦ 703/790-9300
CABLE ADDRESS. ENGINSCI
GASOLINE MARKETING SURVEY telex.-aw*,
GENERAL INFORMATION:
COMPANY NAME:
ADDRESS:
NEAREST STREET INTERSECTION: •
PERSON TO CONTACT ABOUT FORM:
TELEPHONE:
NORMAL OPERATING SCHEDULE:
hrs/day days/week weeks/year
APPROXIMATE PERCENT OF SEASONAL SALES:
Dec. - Feb. % Mar. - May %
Jun. - Aug. % Sep. - Nov. %
APPROXIMATE PERCENT OF DAILY SALES FROM: 6:00 AM to 9:00 AM %
OPERATIONAL INFORMATION:
Approximate number of gallons of gasoline sold per year: gallons
Number of pumps at station:
Storage capacity at station: gallons
Number of tanks:
Capacity of tanks: No. 1 gallons No. 4 gallons
No. 2 gallons No. 5 gallons
No. 3 _gallons No. 6 gallons
Frequency of gasoline deliveries to station: Every days
Method of filling storage tanks: (check one)
Splash filling in which the outlet of the delivery hose is above
the liquid surface in the tank.
Uncontrolled submerged filling in which the outlet of the delivery
hose is extended to the bottom of the tank.
Controlled submerged filling in which a vapor return line to the
delivery truck reduces venting of vapors to the atmosphere.
COMMENTS:
DATE PREPARED:
ARCADIA - ATLANTA - AUSTIN • BERKELEY • CLEVELAND • HOUSTON • McLEAN • SAN DIEGO • WASHINGTON, D.C.
-------
CHAPTER IV
GRID SYSTEM
Dispersion models inputs include, among other things, area grid system
locations and dimensions. In some cases, the grid system may be nonsymmetric
and nonorthogonal. This was the system used in the earlier project for
Jefferson, Floyd and Clark Counties for which the basic grid was based on
census tracts. In other cases, a square grid system is required. It was
suggested by the Department for Natural Resources and Environmental Protection
that such a square grid system was required for this project.
A square grid based on the Universal Transverse Mercator system was
designed. Figures IV-1 through IV-10 show the grids for each of the ten
counties. The grid numbers, areas, and centroid locations are found in
Table IV-1.
Allocation to the grid system was made independently for each source
category. A work sheet was designed upon which the emissions for each cate-
gory were entered in the appropriate grid. The emissions for all categories
were then added to determine the total emissions for the grid square. The
completed work sheets were submitted to the Department for Natural Resources
and Environmental Protection Agency. A copy of the summary work sheet is shown
in Figure IV-11.
IV-1
-------
I
N
I
Figure IV-1. Bullitt County grid.
IV-2
-------
Figure IV-2. Hardin County grid.
IV-3
-------
Figure IV-3. Henry County grid.
IV-4
-------
i
N
I
Figure IV-4. Oldham County grid.
IV-5
-------
-------
640
N
I
Figure IV-6. Spencer County grid.
IV-7
-------
630 640 650
Figure IV-7. Trimble County grid.
IV-8
-------
F1
gUre IV~8
Jeff,
srson
cou,
nty
9 n'd
iV-g
-------
590 600 610
Figure IV-9. Floyd County grid.
IV-10
-------
\
Figure IV-10. Clark County grid.
IV-11
-------
SUMMARY WORK SHEET
STUDY AREA
TRACT
NO.
TOTAL
COORDINATES
Y
AREA
(KM2)
SOURCE
HEIGHT
(M)
TOTAL (tons/day)
TSP
SO,
CO
POP.
HC
NO.
?
F1
M
7
7 7
o
c
73
m
7<
/
7
-------
TABLE IV-1
GRID DATA
GRID
COORDINATES
AREA
(km2)
GRID
NO.
COORDINATES
'i
AREA
(km2)
NO.
X
y
X
1
635.0
4285.0
100
31
647.5
4252.5
25
2
645.0
4285.0
100
32
655.0
4255.0
100
3
605.0
4275.0
100
33
665.0
4255.0
100
4
615.0
4275.0
100
34
675.0
4255.0
100
5
625.0
4275.0
100
35
685.0
4255.0
100
6
635.0
4275.0
100
36
585.0
4245.0
100
7
645.0
4275.0
100
37
595.0
4245.0
100
8
655.0
4275.0
100
38
602.5
4247.5
25
9
665.0
4275.0
100
39
607.5
4247.5
25
10
595.0
4265.0
100
40
601.25
4243.75
6.25
11
605.0
4265.0
100
41
603.75
4243.75
6.25
12
615.0
4265.0
100
42
601.25
4241.25
6.25
13
625.0
4265.0
100
43
603.75
4241.25
6.25
14
635.0
4265.0
100
44
606.25
4243.75
6.25
15
645.0
4265.0
100
45
608.75
4243.75
6.25
16
655.0
4265.0
100
46
606.25
4241.25
6.25
17
655.0
4265.0
100
47
608.75
4241.25
6.25
18
675.0
4265.0
100
48
612.5
4247.5
25
19
585.0
4255.0
100
49
617.5
4247.5
25
20
595.0
4255.0
100
50
612.5
4242.5
25
21
605.0
4255.0
100
51
617.5
4242.5
25
22
612.5
4257.5
25
52
622.5
4247.5
25
23
617.5
4257.5
25
53
627.5
4247.5
25
24
612.5
4252.5
25
54
622.5
4242.5
25
i 25
617.5
4252.5
25
55
627.5
4242.5
25
26
625.0
4255.0
100
56
635.0
4245.0
! 100
|
; 27
635.0
4255.0
100
57
645.0
4245.0
100
28
642.5
4257.5
25
58
655.0
4245.0
100
! 29
647.5
4257.5
25
59
665.0
4245.0
100
j 30
642.5
4252.5
25
60
675.0
4245.0
100
IV-13
-------
TABLE IV-1 (Continued)
GRID DATA
! GRID
! COORDINATES
AREA
GRID
NO.
COORDINATES
AREA
j NO.
X
y
(km^)
X
y
; (km2)
j 61
j 685.0
r ' ¦"
| 4245.0
100
91
627.5
4237.5
| 25
i
! 62
585.0
4235.0
100
92
622.5
4232.5
! 25
|
1 63
595.0
4235.0
100
| 93
627.5
4232.5
! 25
j
64
601.25
4238.75
6.25
j 94
635.0
4235.0
j 100
! 65
i
603.75
4238.75
6.25
| 95
645.0
4235.0
! 100
J
; 66
601.25
1 4236.25
6.25
96
652.5
4237.5
25
j 67
603.75
4236.75
6.25
j 97
657.5
4237.5
25
68
606.25
4238.75 I
j
6.25
! 98
652.5
4232.5
25
69
608.75
4238.75 |
6.25
j 99
657.5
4232.5
25
70
j 606.25
4236.75
6.25
I 100
j
665.0
4235.0
100
| 71
608.75
|
4236.75
6.25
| 101
675.0
4235.0
100
72
601.25
4233.75
6.25
j
; 102
592.5
4227.5
25
73
603.75
4233.75
6.25
i 103
1
597.5
4227.5
25
74
601.25
j
4231.25 !
i
6.25
i 104
592.5
4222.5 '
j
25
75
603.75
4231.25 |
6.25
| 105
597.5
4222.5 j
t
25
76
606.25
4233.75
6.25
j 106
601.25
4228.75
6.25
77
608.75
4233.75 |
6.25
! 107 !
1 1
603.75
4228.75 |
6.25
78
606.25
4231.25 |
6.25
1 108 !
j
601.25
4226.25 |
6.25
1 79
608.75
4231.25
6.25
S 109 1
| •
603.75
4226.25
6.25
| 80
611.25
4238.75 |
6.25
! no I
> i
606.25
4228.75 |
6.25
. si
613.75
4238.75 j
6.25
m i
608.75
4228.75
6.25
82
611.25
4236.25
6.25
112
606.25 |
4226.25 ;
6.25
83
613.75
4236.25
6.25
! 113 |
608.75 |
4226.25
6.25
84
617.5
4237.5
25
114 1
i }
602.5 !
4222.5 1
25
85 j
611.25
4233.75
6.25
607.5
4222.5 ;
25
86
613.75
4233.75
6.25
i" :
612.5
4227.5 !
25
87
611.25
4231.25
6.25
117
617.5
4227.5 ;
25
88
613.75
4231.25
6.25
118
612.5
4222.5 1
25
89
617.5
4232.5
25
119
617.5
4222.5 ;
25
90
622.5
4237.5
25
120
622.5
4227.5 j
25
IV-14
-------
TABLE IV-1 (Continued)
GRID DATA
GRID
COORDINATES
AREA
GRID
COORDINATES
AREA
NO.
X
y
(km2)
NO.
X
y
(km2)
121
627.5
4227.5
25
151
595.0
4205.0
100
122
622.5
4222.5
25
152
605.0
4205.0
100
123 ;
627.5
4222.5
25
153
615.0
4205.0
100
124 ;
635.0
4225.0
100
154
625.0
4205.0
100
125
645.0
4225.0
100
155
635.0
4205.0
100
126 j
652.5
4227.5
25
156
645.0
4205.0
100
127
657.5
4227.5
25
157
655.0
4205.0
100
128
652.5
4222.5
25
158
665.0
4205.0
100
! 129
1
657.5
4222.5
25
159
585.0
4195.0
100
| 130
665.0
4225.0
100
160
592.5
4197.5
25
| 131 ;
675.0
4225.0
100
161
597.5
4197.5
25
j 132
592.5
4217.5
25
162
592.5
4192.5
25
! 133
597.5
4217.5
25
163
597.5
4192.5
25
134
592.5
4212.5
25
164
605.0
4195.0
100
| 135
597.5
4212.5
25
165
615.0
4195.0
100
136
602.5
4217.5
25
166
625.0
4195.0
100
137
607.5
4217.5
25
167
575.0
4185.0
100
138
602.5
4212.5
25
168
585.0
4185.0
100
139
607.5
4212.5
25
169
595.0
4185.0
100
140
612.5
4217.5
25
170
605.0
4185.0
100
141
617.5
4217.5
25
171
615.0
4185.0
100
142
612.5
4212.5
25
172
575.0
4175.0
100
143
617.5
4212.5
25
173
585.0
4175.0
100
144
625.0
4215.0
100
174
592.5
4177.5
25
145
635.0
4215.0
100
175
597.5
4177.5
25
146
645.0
4215.0
100
176
592.5
4172.5
25
147
655.0
4215.0
100
177 1
597.5
4172.5
25
148
665.0
4215.0
100
178
602.5
4177.5
25
149
675.0
4215.0
100
179
607.5
4177.5
25
150
585.0
4205.0
100
180
602.5
4172.5
25
IV-15
-------
TABLE IV-1(Continued)
GRID DATA
GRID
COORDINATES
1
i AREA
1 GRID
COORDINATES
AREA
NO.
X
y
(km2)
NO.
X
y
(km^)
181
607.5
4172.5
25
188
615.0
4165.0
100
182
615.0
4175.0
100
189
575.0
4155.0
100
183
565.0
4165.0
100
190
585.0
4155.0
100
184
575.0
4165.0
100
191
595.0
4155.0
100
185
585.0
4165.0
100
192
605.0
4155.0
100
186
595.0
4165.0
100
193
585.0
4145.0
100
187
605.0
4165.0
100
194
595.0
4145.0
100
IV-16
-------
CHAPTER V
RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE
This source category includes emissions associated with residential
fuel combustion. Emission factors for the various residential fuel types
are found in AP-42.
A. 1975 EMISSION INVENTORY
The total Jefferson County residential heating requirements obtained
as a result of the 1975 fuel survey were 3.149 x 10*3 Btu.^1) Table V-l shows
the residential heat requirements for the seven-county study area based on
1975 population ratios to Jefferson. County. The distribution of heating
requirements by fuel type is shown in Table V-2. For natural gas, the values
are actual reported values obtained from the gas distributors. The distri-
bution of the other types of fuel is based on the 1970 Census of Housing,
which contains the distribution of dwelling units by fuel type. Two assump-
tions are apparent in the methods described:
o Per capita fuel consumption is constant throughout the area.
o There have been no major shifts in the fuel type distribution
from 1970 to 1975.
Emission factors and emissions for this source category are summarized
in Tables V-3 and V-4.
B. 1975 EMISSIONS ALLOCATION
Emissions were allocated in accordance with the population distribution,
since subcounty area fuel type distributions were not available with suffi-
cient resolution to permit allocation by fuel type.
reduction from 3.17 x 10^3 gtu from 1973, reflecting the weighted average
change in fuel usage determined from the survey.
V-l
-------
TABLE V-l
1975 COUNTY RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE
COUNTY
POPULATION
RATIO
FUEL USE
(Btu/yr)
Bullitt
Hardin
Henry-
Oldham
Shelby
Spencer
Trimble
0.0459
0.0632
0.0157
0.0254
0.0274
0.0073
0.0078
1.445 x 10
12
1.990 x 10
12
4.944 x 10
7.998 x 10
8.628 x 10
2.299 x 10
2.456 x 10
11
11
11
11
11
TABLE V-2
ESTIMATED TOTAL RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE
BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE(1)
COUNTY
NATURAL
(io^
LPG
(103 gal)
DISTILLATE
OIL
i(103 gal) ,
COAL
(tons)
WOOD
(tons)
Bullitt
562.1
3,102.7
2,889.7
3,108.6
6,837.7
Hardin
1,.098.7
2,155.3
2,646.0
4,995.1
5,318.4
Henry
125.7
1,.550.8
1,043.4
2,761.7
541.0
Oldham
353.0
1,-016.3
1,823.8
3,734.7
723.7
Shelby
378.2
1,477.6
1,266.1
5,448.4
1,.181.0
Spencer
14.4
U137.7
478.5
1,443.8
359.4
Trimble
16.0
84.2
1,243.6
901.5
772.3
In preparing Table V-2 from the fuel use ratios shown in Table V-l,
the residential Btu fossil requirement has been adjusted to account
for the relative split between fossil fuel and electric home heating
in each county as compared to Jefferson County
V-2
-------
TABLE V-3
EMISSION FACTORS FOR RESIDENTIAL FUEL BURNING
EMISSION FACTOR
EMISSION FACTORS
FUEL TYPE
UNITS
PARTICU-
SULFUR
CARBON
HYDRO-
NITROGEN
LATES
DIOXIDE
MONOXIDE
CARBONS
OXIDES
Natural Gas
lbs/106 ft3
10.0
0.6
20
8
80
LPG(1)
lbs/103 gal
1.85
0.09 [0.16]
1.95
0.75
7.5
Oil
lbs/103 gal
2.5
142.0 [0.27]
5.0
1.0
18
Coal(2)
lbs/ton
20.0
38.0 [2.0]
90.0
20.0
3
Wood(3)
lb8/ton
15.0
1.5
60.0
70.0
10
^ 50% propane, 50% butane
(2\
Hand-fired units.
C3")
K ' Highest emission factors used.
^ [ ] indicate sulfur content from AP-42 or 1973 fuel survey.
TABLE V-4
1975 RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE EMISSIONS SUMMARY
EMISSIONS (tons/year)
COUNTY
PARTICU-
SULFUR
CARBON
HYDRO-
NITROGEN
LATES
DIOXIDE
MONOXIDE
CARBONS
OXIDES
Bullitt
91.7
178.8
360.9
275.3
99.0
Hardin
100.6
244.9
404.0
242.6
110.0
Henry
35.1
125.4
146.1
48.4
27.1
Oldham
47.8
177.5
198.9
65.4
43.6
Shelby
68.2
232.3
289.0
98.5
46.1
Spencer
18.9
64.3
78.2
27.7
13.1
Trimble
16.5
58.7
67.1
36.8
17.4
V-3
-------
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
The projections in this source category depend upon increasing popula-
tion, as given in Table II-2, and future fuel type and dwelling distribution^
Assumptions used in projecting fuel type distribution are:
o Decrease in coal consumption by 4.5% per year.
o Natural and LP gas usage constant.
o 5% of coal conversions and new dwellings will be heated by
distillate oil and 95% by electricity.^
o Wood usage will increase with population growth.
Fuel usage projections based on these assumptions are presented in
Tables V-5 through V-7. Emissions are summarized in Chapter XXXII.
TABLE V-5
1980 PROJECTED TOTAL RESIDENTIAL
FUEL USE BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE
COUNTY
NATURAL
GAS
(106 ft3)
LPG
(103 gal)
DISTILLATE
OIL
(103 gal)
COAL
(tons)
WOOD
(tons)
Bullitt
562.1
3,102.7
3,158.4
2,469.3
8> 499.3
Hardin
1,098.7
2,155.3
2,952.1
3,967.9
6»648.o
Henry
125.7
1,550.8
1,111.8
2,193.8
575.1
Oldham
353.0
1,016.3
1,996.7
2,966.7
911.1
Shelby
378.2
1,477.6
1,363.8
4,328.0
1,275.5
Spencer
14.4
1,137.7
509.5
1,146.9
379.5
Trimble
16.0
84.2
1,312.8
716.1
825.6
^ As reported by Kentucky Utilities and verified by Kentucky Energy Office,
V-4
-------
TABLE V-6
1985 PROJECTED TOTAL RESIDENTIAL
FUEL USE BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE
NATURAL
DISTILLATE
COUNTY
GAS
LPG
OIL
COAL
WOOD
(106 ft3)
(103 gal)
(103 gal)
(tons)
(tons)
Bullitt
562.1
3,102.7
3,281.0
1,961.6
10,160.8
Hardin
1„098.7
2,155.3
3,148.1
3,151.9
8,169.1
Henry
125.7
1,550.8
1„129.2
1,742.7
616.7
Oldham
353.0
1,016.3
2,045.0
2,356.6
1,018.2
Shelby
378.2
1,477.6
1,397.9
3,438.0
1,378.2
Spencer
14.4
1,137.7
522.0
911.0
462.2
Trimble
16.0
84.2
1,320.1
568.9
884.3
TABLE V-
7
1995
PROJECTED TOTAL
RESIDENTIAL
FUEL
USE BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE
NATURAL
DISTILLATE
COUNTY
GAS
LPG
OIL
COAL
WOOD
(106 ft3)
(103 gal)
(103 gal)
(tons)
(tons)
Bullitt
562.1
3,102.7
3,585.1
1,237.7
14^345.5
Hardin
1,098.7
2,155.3
3,429.1
1,988.9
10,1349.6
Henry
125.7
1,550.8
1,165.4
1,099.6
710.9
Oldham
353.0
1,016.3
2,150.4
1,487.0
1,262.1
Shelby
378.2
1,477.6
1,465.2
2,169.4
1,597.9
Spencer
14.4
1,137.7
549.3
574.9
535.5
Trimble
16.0
84.2
1,334.5
358.9
1,007.1
D. PROJECTED EMISSIONS ALLOCATION
Projected emissions were allocated in accordance with projected population
distribution.
V-5
-------
CHAPTER VI
COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FUEL USE
This source category includes emissions associated with commercial and
institutional fuel combustion. Emission factors for the various commercial/
institutional fuels are found in AP-42.
A. 1975 EMISSIONS INVENTORY
The total Jefferson County commercial/institutional heating requirements
1
obtained from the 1975 fuel survey were 2.277 x 10 Btu. Table VI-1 shows
the commercial/institutional fuel use ratios for the seven-county study area
relative to Jefferson County. The 1975 sales tax ratios were used to reflect
the relative commercial activity within the counties. As Louisville is
within shopping distance of many of the residents of the counties, a popula-
tion-based comparison would not be appropriate. The distribution of heating
requirements by fuel type is shown in Table VI-2. For natural gas,.fuel
usage was obtained from the gas distributors. The distribution of the
other fuel types within each county was assumed to be the same as the 1975
fuel-type distribution for Jefferson County.
Emission factors and emissions for this source category are summarized
in Tables VI—3 and VI—4.
TABLE VI-1
1975 COUNTY COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL FUEL USE
COUNTY
SALES TAX RATIOS CD
FUEL USE (Btu/yr)
Hardin
Shelby
Spencer
Trimble
Henry
Oldham
Bullitt
0.0150
0.0622
0.0074
0.0219
0.0015
0.0111
0.0026
3.416 x 1011
1.416 x 1012
1.685 x 1011
2.527 x 1011
4.987 x 1011
5.920 x 1010
3.416 x 1010
^Source: Research Staff, Kentucky Department of Revenue
VI-1
-------
TABLE VI-2
ESTIMATED TOTAL COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
FUEL USE BY COUNTY AND TYPE
COUNTY
NATURAL
(iogAL3)
LPG
(103 gal)
DISTILLATE
OIL
(103 gal)
COAL
(tons)
Bullitt
279.8
7.8
344.8
258.4
Hardin
1,159.9
32.5
1,429.7
1,071.6
Henry
138.0
3.9
170.1
127.5
Oldham
207.1
5.8
255.1
191.2
Shelby
183.1
45.0
2,024.7
1,510.8
Spencer
48.5
1.3
59.8
44.8
Trimble
7.0
3.9
176.1
131.3
TABLE VI-3
EMISSION FACTORS FOR COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL FUEL BURNING
FUEL
TYPE
EMISSION
EMISSION
FACTORS
FACTOR
UNITS
PARTICU-
LATES
SULFUR
DIOXIDE
CARBON
MONOXIDE
HYDRO-
CARBONS
NITROGEN
OXIDES
Natural
Gas
lbs/106ft3
10
0.6
20
8
120
LPG^
lbs/103 gal
1.85
0.09 [0.16](2)
1.95
0.75
11.5
Oil
lbs/103 gal
2
142 [0.27]
5
1
22
Coal
lbs/ton
2 [8.0]
38 [2.0]
10
3
6
^ 50% propane, 50% butane
(2)
[ ] indicate sulfur and ash content from AP-42 or 1973 fuel survey.
VI-2
-------
TABLE VI-4
1975 COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL EMISSIONS SUMMARY
EMISSIONS (tons/year)
COUNTY
PARTICU-
SULFUR
CARBON
HYDRO-
NITROGEN
LATES
DIOXIDE
MONOXIDE
CARBONS
OXIDES
Bullitt
3.8
16.5
5.0
1.7
21.4
Hardin
M
Ln
00
68.5
20.6
7.0
88.7
Henry
1.9
8.1
2.4
0.8
10.6
Oldham
2.8
12.2
3.7
1.2
15.8
Shelby
15.1
96.3
14.5
4.0
38.0
Spencer
0.7
2.9
0.9
0.3
3.7
Trimble
1.3
8.4
1.2
0.3
2.8
B. 1975 EMISSIONS ALLOCATION
The 1972 Census of Retail Trade gives the volume of retail sales for
counties and cities of 2500 population or more. With the exception of Eardin
County, emissions were allocated to such cities in accordance with volume of
sales. In the case of Hardin County, more precise data were available.
Emissions were allocated by land-use maps (April 1975) provided by the LTADD.
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
Emissions from this source category were projected in accordance with
projected commercial and institutional employment, as given in Table II-3.
Assumptions used in projecting fuel type distribution are:
o No growth in coal usage;
o No growth in natural and LP gas usage;
o 5Z of the growth in fuel usage will be by distillate oil and 95%
by electricity.^
Commercial and institutional fuel usage projections based on these
assumptions are presented in Tables VI-5 through VI-7. Projected emissions
are summarized in Chapter XXXII.
D. PROJECTED EMISSIONS ALLOCATION
Projected emissions were allocated in accordance with projected popula-
tion distribution.
^ As reported by Kentucky Utilities and verified by Kentucky Energy Office.
VI-3
-------
TABLE VI-5
1980 PROJECTED TOTAL COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FUEL
USE BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE
COUNTY
NATURAL
GAS
(106 ft3)
LPG
(103 gai)
DISTILLATE
OIL
(103 gal)
COAL
(tons)
Bullitt
279.8
7.8
430.1
258.4
Hardin
1,159.9
32.5
1,463.8
1,071.6
Henry
138.0
3.9
183.8
127.5
Oldham
207.1
5.8
307.5
191.2
Shelby
183.1
45.0
2,051.1
1,510.8
Spencer
48.5
1.3
66.6
44.8
Trimble
7.0
3.9
177.9
131.3
TABLE VI-6
1985 PROJECTED TOTAL COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FUEL
USE BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE
COUNTY
NATURAL
GAS
(106 ft3)
LPG
(103 gal)
DISTILLATE
OIL
(103 gal)
COAL
(tons)
Bullitt
279.8
7.8
487.1
258.4
Hardin
1,159.9
32.5
1,496.4
1,071.6
Henry
138.0
3.9
193.6
127.5
Oldham
207.1
5.8
335.8
191.2
Shelby
183.1
45.0
2,078.6
1,510.8
Spencer
48.5
1.3
72.6
44.8
Trimble
7.0
3.9
179.7
131.3
VI-A
-------
TABLE VI-7
1995 PROJECTED TOTAL COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FUEL
USE BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE
COUNTY
NATURAL
GAS
(106 ft3)
LPG
(103 gal)
DISTILLATE
OIL
(103 gal)
COAL
(tons)
Bullitt
279.8
7.8
628.7
258.4
Hardin
1,159.9
32.5
1,562.0
1,071.6
Henry
138.0
3.9
214.6
127.5
Oldham
207.1
5.8
400.5
191.2
Shelby
183.1
45.0
2,134.9
1,510.8
Spencer
48.5
1.3
85.5
44.8
Trimble
7.0
3.9
184.2
131.3
VI-5
-------
CHAPTER, VII
INDUSTRIAL FUEL USE
This source category includes area source emissions resulting from industrial
fuel combustion. The total industrial fuel inventory for the seven counties in
the study area has been included in either the point source inventory or the
small point source category, Chapter XVII.
VII-1
-------
CHAPTER VIII
ON-SITE INCINERATION
This source category includes emissions produced by the burning of refuse
in municipal, industrial or commercial incinerators. Emission factors based on
the amount of refuse burned and on incinerator operating characteristics are
found in AP-42.
A. 1975 EMISSION INVENTORY
Base—line year emission level computations from on-site incineration were
based on the nationwide average factors given in Volume 7 of the Guidelines.
These factors are:
o Coxaaercial/institutional on-site incineration:
50 tons/1000 population-year
o Industrial on-site incineration:
335 tons/1000 manufacturing employees-year
Commercial/institutional and industrial charges for counties computed from
these factors are presented in Table VIII-1.
TABLE VIII-1
ON-SITE INCINERATION DATA
COUNTY
1975
POPULATION
,
MANUFACTURING
EMPLOYEES(1)
CHARGE
(tons/year)
COMMERCIAL/
INSTITUTIONAL
INDUSTRIAL
TOTAL
Bullitt
33,642
882
1,526(2)
295
1,821
Hardin
46,360
2,965
2,068(2)
993
3,061
Henry
11,532
458
577
153
730
Oldham
18,651
486
932
163
1,095
Shelby
20,126
1,001
1,006
335
1,341
Spencer
5,372
31
269
10
279
Trimble
5,683
23
284
8
292
^ Source: KIPDA and LTADD
(2)
Charges have been modified to account for incinerators listed in the point
source inventory.
VIII-1
-------
The point source inventory was reviewed to determine if any incinerators
were included. The following commercial/institutional incinerators were in-
cluded in the inventory, and the charges subtracted from the total charge to
avoid double counting.
Residential on-site incinerators are usually located in large apartment
buildings or complexes. Since the counties studied are rural, with mostly
single dwelling units, residential on-site incinerators are negligible.
Emissions from on-site incineration are shown in Table VIII-2.
B. 1975 EMISSION ALLOCATION
Emissions from commercial/institutional incinerators were allocated in
accordance with population distribution. Emissions from industrial incinera-
tors were allocated according to'the number of manufacturing employees, as found
in the Kentucky Directory of Manufacturers.
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
Emissions from this source category were projected to increase in accordance
with the commercial and institutional, and industrial employment projections.
Projected emissions are summarized in Chapter XXXII.
D. PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION
Projected emissions were allocated to subcounty areas in accordance with
projected population distribution.
J. M. Jones IGA
Brown IGS Foodliner
Bullitt County
Hardin County
156 tons/year
250 tons/year
VIII-2
-------
TABLE VII1-2
1975 ON-SITE INCINERATION EMISSIONS SUMMARY
EMISSIONS (tons/year)
COUNTY
PARTICULATES
EF = 7.8 lbs/ton
CD-
sulfur DIOXIDE
CARBON
EF - 2.5 lbs/ton
EF = 11 lbs/ton
MONOXIDE .
HYDROCARBONS
EF ** 4.2 lbs/ton
NITROGEN DIOXIDE
EF = 2.9 l&s/ton
Bullitt
Hardin
Henry
Oldham
Shelby
Spencer
Trimble
7.1
11.9
2.8
4.3
5.2
1.1
1.1
2.3
3.8
0.9
1.4
1.7
0.3
0.4
10.0
16.8
4.0
6.0
7.4
1.5
1.6
3.8
6.4
1.5
2.3
2,8
0.6
0.6
2.6
4.4
1.1
1.6
1.9
0.4
0.4
(1)
90% multiple chamber, 10% single chamber.
-------
CHAPTER IX
OPEN BURNING
This source category includes emissions from refuse burning in open
containers or in open fields. Emission factors for this source category
are found in AP-A2.
A. 1975 EMISSIONS INVENTORY
Baseline year emission level computations from open burning of
residential, commercial/institutional, and industrial waste were based on
the national average factors given in Volume 7 of the Guidelines. These
factors are:
o Residential open burning: f22 tons/1000 population-year
o Commercial/institutional open burning: 12 tons/1000 populations-year
o Industrial open burning: 160 tons/1000 manufacturing employees-year
Use of these factors requires a trash pickup efficiency of 86% relative to
the 5.5 lbs/person-day refuse generation rate generally applicable in the
United States. This efficiency compares favorably with the 80% or greater
pickup rates reported by most of the county officials. The amounts of
residential, commercial/institutional, and industrial waste burned per county,
estimated from the Volume 7 factors, are summarized in Table IX-1.
In addition to residential, commercial/institutional, and industrial
waste, debris resulting from land clearing and construction is often burned
in the open. In the LAQMP, it was shown from a comprehensive study provided
by the JCAPCD that 13.8 tons of such debris were generated and burned for
each acre cleared in Jefferson County. In the study area, however, land
clearing for construction is required to a much lesser degree because of
the availability of cleared land. Consequently, the Jefferson County
factor is halved to 6.9 tons of debris generated and burned in the study
area. The number of acres of construction involved is determined in
Chapter XXIII.
IX-1
-------
Table IX-1 summarizes the waste disposed of by open burning, and
Table IX-2 shows the resulting emissions.
B. 1975 EMISSIONS ALLOCATION
Open burning emissions were allocated by population distribution.
TABLE IX-1
OPEN BURNING DATA
county
1975
POPULATION
MANUFACTURING
EMPLOYEES (D
CHARGE (tons/year)
RESIDENTIAL
COMMERCIAL/
INSTITUTIONAL
INDUSTRIAL
LAND
CLEARING
TOTAL
Bullitt
33,642
882
4,104
404
141
683
5,332
Hardin
46,360
2,965
5,656
556
474
955
7,641
Henry
11,532
458
1,407
138
73
142
1,760
Oldham
18,651
486
2,275
224
78
897
3,474
Shelby
20,126
1,001
2,455
242
160
416
3,273
Spencer
5,372
31
655
64
5
90
814
Trimble
5,683
23
693
68
4
51
816
^ Source: KIPDA and LTADD
TABLE IX-2
1975 OPEN BURNING EMISSIONS SUMMARY
COUNTY
EMISSIONS (tons/year)
PARTICULATES
SULFUR DIOXIDE
CARBON MONOXIDE
HYDROCARBONS
NITROGEN OXIDES
EF ¦ 16 lbs/ton
EF ¦ 1 lb/tan
EF - 85 lbs/ton
EF ¦ 30 lbs/ton
EF ¦ 6 lbs/ton
Bullitt
42.7
2.7
226.6
80.0
16.0
Hardin
61.1
3.8
324.7
114.6
22.9
Henry
14.1
0.9
74.8
26.4
5.3
Oldham
27.8
1.7
147.6
52.1
10.4
Shelby
26.2
1.6
139.1
49.1
9.8
Spencer
6.5
0.4
34.6
12.2
0 /
2.4
Trimble
6.5
0.4
34.7
12.2
...
IX-2
-------
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
The four classes of open burning shown in Table IX-1 are projected to
increase in accordance with the following factors:
o Residential - population growth
o Commercial/Institutional - C/I employment growth
o Industrial - industrial employment growth
o Land Clearing - population growth
The amounts of projected open burning charges based on these factors are
summarized in Tables IX-* 3 through IX-5. Emissions are summarized in Chapter
XXXII.
TABLE IX-3
1980 OPEN BURNING PROJECTIONS
CHARGE
(tons/year)
COUNTY
RESIDENTIAL
COMMERCIAL/
INSTITUTIONAL
INDUSTRIAL
LAND CLEARING
TOTAL
Bullitt
Hardin
Henry
Oldham
Shelby
Spencer
Trimble
5,101
7,070
1.496
2,864
2,651
692
741
680
593
169
351
277
84
78
141
505
112
126
192
8
6
849
1,194
151
1,129
449
95
55
6,771
9,362
1,928
4,470
3,569
879
880
IX-3
-------
TABLE IX-4
1985 OPEN BURNING PROJECTIONS
CHARGE
(tons/year)
COUNTY
RESIDENTIAL
COMMERCIAL/
INSTITUTIONAL
INDUSTRIAL
LAND CLEARING
TOTAL
Bullitt
Hardin
Henry
Oldham
Shelby
Spencer
Trimble
6,099
8,688
1,604
3,201
2,865
777
793
865
628
191
420
313
102
87
346
535
131
158-
219
9
8
1,015
1,467
162
1,262
485
107
58
8,325
11,318
2,088
5,041
3,882
995
946
TABLE IX-5
1995 OPEN BURNING PROJECTIONS
CHARGE
(tons/year)
COUNTY
RESIDENTIAL
COMMERCIAL/
INSTITUTIONAL
INDUSTRIAL
LAND CLEARING
TOTAL
Bullitt
8,610
1,324
672
1,433
12,039
Hardin
11,007
698
596
1,858
14,159
Henry
1,849
238
175
187
2,449
Oldham
3,968
577
237
1,564
6,346
Shelby
3,322
386
268
563
4,539
Spencer
976
140
11
134
1,261
Trimble
904
111
13
67
1,095
D. PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION
Projected emissions were allocated to subcounty areas in accordance with th'
projected population distribution.
IX-4
-------
CHAPTER X
ROAD VEHICLES
This source category includes exhaust emissions from the following classes
of road vehicles:
o Light-duty gasoline automobiles (LDGA)
o Light-duty gasoline trucks with GVW 0-6000 lbs. (LDGT^)
o Light-duty gasoline trucks with GVW 6001-8500 lbs. (LDGT2)
o Light-duty diesel vehicles (LDDV)
o Heavy-duty gasoline vehicles (HDGV)
o Heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDV)
o Motorcycles
EPA recently issued new emission factors for motor vehicles. This docu-
ment which will be published in a future supplement to AP-42 does not revise
all information in Supplement No. 5. In particular, updated factors are
not included for LDDV nor is any information included on particulates and
SO2• The updated factors for the above vehicle classes contain several
(optional) correction factors such as trailer towing, air-conditioning,
vehicle loading and humidity correction factors and a single correction
factor relating speed, ambient temperature and hot/cold vehicle operation..
A computer program developed by EPA was used to calculate the emission
factors for each calendar year, pollutant, average speed (road class),
ambient temperature, fraction cold operation and fraction hot-start opera-
tion.(1>
A. 1975 EMISSION INVENTORY
Comprehensive and extensive average daily traffic (ADT) maps for each
county were made available by the Kentucky Department of Transportation (DOT).
For the minor roads, for which ADT were not available, estimates were made
from ADT values for surrounding roads. In a few cases where estimates could
(2)
not be made, a value of 50 ADT was assigned to through roads and streets.
ADT for dead-end roads and streets were estimated using the formula:
^ Mobile 1 program, obtained from OTLUP, January 1978.
(2)
An assumed ADT value of 50 was recommended by Kentucky DOT.
X-l
-------
Ap-p = No. of Roadside Buildings x 3.3
where 3.3 is the national average number of trips/day-vehicle suggested in
AP-42, divided by two to account for the average length of trip on the dead-
end street.
VMT were calculated for each grid square as the product of ADT and road
segment length. A comparison of the seven-county total VMT and the seven-
county total allocated on a population basis from DOT state totals, showed
that the calculated total exceeded the allocated total by 18%. This is to
be expected because of the greater number of major highways in the study ara^
as compared to the State as a whole.
VMT for each grid square were disaggregated by functional road classify)
tion. Statewide percentages of vehicle miles traveled by vehicle type and
road classification were provided by DOT. These data are shown in Table X-l_ _
TABLE X-l
VMT BY ROAD CLASSIFICATION AND VEHICLE TYPE(1^ (%)
VEHICLE
TYPE
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
LDGA
70.6
70.4
70.3
LDGT
16.6
16.8
16.7
LDDV
4.1
4.1
4.3
HDGV
1.1
1.0
1.5
HDDV
7.6
7.7
7.2
TOTAL
100.0
100.0
100.0
^ Does not include motorcycles considered separately or LPG
vehicles for which emissions are negligible.
Tables X-2 through X-8 summarize traffic data by county. Total VMT by
road classification are aggregates of all grid squares. For each road
X-2
-------
classification total, VMT were distributed by vehicle type in accordance
with the values given in Table X-l. The VMT for the light-duty gasoline
powered trucks (LDGT) was divided into each of the weight categories
based upon the average sales weighting distribution of the two categories
The weighting distribution by sales is based on national data.
TABLE X-2
1975 BULLITT COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Start (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
r
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (10 )
123
71
54
248
LDGT1 VMT (10 )
21
12
9
42
LDGT2 VMT (106)
8
5
3
16
LDDV VMT (106)
7
4
4
15
HDGV VMT (106)
2
1
2
5
HDDV VMT (106)
13
8
6
27
TOTAL VMT (106)
174
101
78
353
X-3
-------
TABLE X-3
1975 HARDIN COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
177
163
106
446
LDGTX VMT (106)
30
28
19
77
LDGT2 VMT (106)
12
11
7
30
LDDV VMT (106)
10
10
6
26
HDGV VMT (106)
3
2
2
7
HDVV VMT (106)
19
18
10
47
TOTAL VMT (106)
251
232
150
633
TABLE X-4
1975 HENRY COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
36
32
16
84
LDGT VMT (106)
fi
6
6
3
15
LDGT2 VMT (10 )
2
2
1
5
LDDV VMT (106)
2
2
0
4
HDGV VMT (106)
1
0
0
1
HDDV VMT (106)
_4
_3
_2
9
TOTAL VMT (106)
51
45
22
118
X-4
-------
TABLE X-5
1975 OLDHAM COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
/r
44
32
18
94
LDGT, VMT (10 )
ft
7
6
3
16
LDGT_ VMT (10 )
A
3
2
1
6
LDDV VMT (10 )
3
2
2
7
HDGV VMT (106)
1
0
0
1
HDDV VMT (106)
_5
_4
_2
11
TOTAL VMT (106)
63
46
"
26
135
TABLE X-6
1975 SHELBY COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
LDGT1 VMT (106)
LDGT2 VMT (106)
LDDV VMT (106)
84
65
30
179
14
11
4
29
6
5
2
13
5
4
2
11
HDGV VMT (106)
1
1
0
2
HDDV VMT (106)
9
7
_4
20
TOTAL VMT (106)
I
119
93
42
254
X-5
-------
TABLE X-7
1975 SPENCER COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
0
17
6
23
LDGT1 VMT (106)
0
3
1
4
LDGT2 VMT (106)
0
1
1
2
LDDV VMT (106)
0
1
0
1
HDGV VMT (106)
0
0
0
0
HDDV VMT (106)
_0
_2
JD
_2
TOTAL VMT (106)
0
24
8
32
TABLE X-8
1975 TRIMBLE COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
20
2
6
28
LDGTX VMT (106)
4
1
1
6
LDGT2 VMT (106)
1
0
1
2
LDDV VMT (106)
1
0
0
1
HDGV VMT (106)
0
0
0
0
HDDV VMT (106)
_2
_0
JD
_2
TOTAL VMT (106)
28
3
8
39
X-6
-------
Vffl estimates for motorcycles were based on the number of motorcycles
registered in each county, which was provided by the state motor vehicle
registration office. An average value of 4,000 miles/motorcycle-year, 38%
two-stroke and 62% four-stroke, was assumed, as suggested in AP-42. Motor-
cycle data and VMT are summarized in Table X-9
TABLE X-9
1975 MOTORCYCLE TRAFFIC DATA
COUNTY
NUMBER OF
MOTORCYCLES
MILES TRAVELLED
(103 MI/YR)
Bullitt
796
3,184
Hardin
1,074
4,296
Henry
206
824
Oldham
41
1,644
Shelby
304
1,216
Spencer
71
284
Trimble
84
336
Emission factors for this source category were calculated using AP-42
Supplement #5 for S02 and particulates and the computerized EPA Emission
Factor Programs for each calendar year, each pollutant (HC, CO and N0x only)
average speed (road class), ambient temperature, fraction cold operation and
fraction hot operation.
The vehicle age distribution for Jefferson County was provided by the
JCAPCD (Table X-10). The same distribution is appropriate for the seven-
county study area. The nationwide average of motorcycles by vehicle age
distribution used is given in Table X-10. VMT by vehicle age were not
available locally. Consequently, the nationwide average annual miles driven
by vehicle age, built into the EPA emission factor program was used.
X-7
-------
TABLE X-1Q
LOCALIZED 1975 VEHICLE
REGISTRATION (FRACTION)
VEHICLE
AGE
LDGA
LDTl
ldt2
HDG
HDD
MC(1)
1
0.076
0.128
0.130
0.176
0.176
0.105
2
0.095
0.117
0.116
0.084
0.086
0.225
3
0.111
0.109
0.109
0.118
0.115
0.206
4
0.101
0.095
0.095
0.084
0.084
0.149
5
0.085
0.064
0.063
0.067
0.067
0.097
6
0.082
0.061
0.060
0.084
0.079
0.062
7
0.082
0.066
0.067
0.067
0.069
0.046
8
0.078
0.054
0.056
0.067
0.067
0.033
9
0.065
0.050
0.049
0.050
0.052
0.029
10
0.062
0.043
0.042
0.034
0.033
0.023
11
0.055
0.041
0.039
0.034
0.035
0.008
12
0.037
0.031
0.032
0.025
0.022
0.005
13
0.026
0.022
0.025
0.017
0.022
0.013
14
0.016
0.018
0.018
0.017
0.017
0
15
0.007
0.013
0.014
0.009
0.007
0
16
0,006
0.021
0.021
0.017
0.018
0
17
0.005
0.020
0.018
0.017
0.016
0
18
0.005
0.017
0.018
0.017
0.014
0
19
0.005
0.016
0.014
0.008
0.011
0
20
0.004
0.014
0.014
0.008
0.010
0
TOTAL
1.003
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.001
^ Nationwide average data used.
X-8
-------
Other inputs and assumptions that went into the emission factor calcula-
tions include:
o Ambient temperature - 56°F.
o Altitude - low.
o Assume the speed and the operating mix (i.e., % cold starts/% stabilized/
% hot starts in Table X-2 through X-8.)
o Assume a value of 1.00 for both the vehicle loading (Lip) and the
trailer tawing (Uipn) correction factors due to the unavailability
of better data or information,
o For NO emission calculations, the humidity recorded for Louisville
X
Airport was used,
o The national average of vehicles equipped with air conditioning
systems by model year, given in Supplement //8 was used,
o The fraction of vehicles which are equipped with air conditioning
that have the air conditioning system in operation was obtained from
the 1951-1960 Louisville temperature and wind speed relative humidity
occurrence data.
o Number of tires - 18 for HDDV, 10 for HDGV and four for all other
vehicles.
o No attempt was made to correct for idle emissions since there are
no available data on the duration and frequency of stops at major
intersections, shopping centers, sport complexes, etc.
The computed emission factors (HC, CO, N0x> and emissions from motor
Vehicles are summarized in Tables X-ll and X—12.
B- 1975 EMISSIONS ALLOCATION
Emissions were allocated to each grid square in accordance with the VMT
distribution.
"fir . . J
All inputs and assumptions used to calculate emissions were reviewed
and approved by the Kentucky Department for Natural Resources and
Environmental Protection.
X-9
-------
TABLE X-ll
1975 MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION FACTORS
(GRAMS/MILE)
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
VEHICLE
MODE
HC
CO
NO
X
HC
CO
NO
X
HC
CO
NO
X
LDV
7.45
30.33
5.01
9.20
50.95
4.98
11.48
80.81
4.59
LDT.
7.32
28.30
4.83
8.97
47.40
4.77
11.14
75.32
4.39
1
ldt7
9.14
31.14
7.42
11.18
52.19
7.31
13.86
83.17
6.73
HDG
13.39
150.23
14.23
16.94
146.51
12.42
16.94
201.45
11.47
HDD
2.16
16.04
25.42
2.81
18.34
18.55
2.81
25.56
19.41
MC
9.09
18.72
0.16
11.32
27.72
0.16
14.35
41.14
0.15
All Modes
7.18
30.22
6.78
8.87
48.83
6.18
11.02
77.62
5.86
TABLE X-12(1)
1975 HIGHWAY VEHICLES EMISSIONS SUMMARY
EMISSIONS (TONS/YEAR)
SULFUR
CARBON
NITROGEN
COUNTY
PARTICULATES
DIOXIDE
HYDROCARBONS
MONOXIDE
OXIDES
Bullitt
254.8
141.2
3,221.9
17,368.2
2,437.2
Hardin
452.1
248.0
5,898.1
32,541.2
4,298.0
Henry
84.2
46.5
1,079.0
5,826.4
810.7
Oldham
98.3
56.4
1,205.7
6,406.1
932.3
Shelby
182.8
102.8
2,261.1
11,926.9
1,745.7
Spencer
21.8
11.3
327.5
1,925.6
202.0
Trimble
25.8
12.4
349.2
1,746.0
256.2
^ Includes the motorcycles emissions.
X-10
-------
c. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
The projection of emissions from highway vehicles depends upon:
o Changes in traffic volume;
o Changes in vehicle type mix; and
o Changes in emission factors (emissions/vehicle-mile).
Traffic volume is assumed to grow at 2% linear growth/year.^ The pro-
jected VMT growth is summarized in Tables X-13 - X-33. Information is not
available on historical changes in the vehicle type mix. Hence, for projec-
tion purposes, the vehicle type mix is assumed to remain constant for each
of the functional road classifications.
The HC, CO, and NO emission factors for the projection years were
A
calculated using the EPA Emission Factor Programs. However, this program
is valid only up to the year 1990. Changes in the HC, CO, and N0x emission
factors from 1990 to 1995 are, therefore, assumed to remain relatively con-
stant and the 1990 emission factors were used to estimate the 1995 HC, CO and
NO emissions. Actually the emission factors for the year 1995 should be
x
less than, the 1990 factors, hence this assumption results in a conservative,
i.e., higher than expected, estimate of the 1995 HC, CO and N0x emissions.
The projected emission factors for HC, CO and NO are summarized in Tables
X-34 - X-36. For light-duty diesel-powered vehicles, however, the HC, CO,
and NO exhaust emission factors, obtained from AP-42, Supplement #5 do
not change with time.
SO2 exhaust emission factors for all vehicle classes and particulate
emission factors for LDDV and the heavy-duty vehicles (HDGV and HDDV) also
do not change with time. However for the light-duty gasoline powered
vehicles (LDGA and LDGT), particulate emission factors decrease with time
because of the expected increased use of catalytic converters which require
the use of unleaded gasoline and the resulting reduced emissions of lead
oxides. For this vehicle class the particulate emission factor can be
expressed as:
The 2% linear growth/year for the traffic volume in the study areas was
recommended by Kentucky DOT.
X-ll
-------
TABLE X-13
1980 BULLITT COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
135
78
59
272
LDT1 VMT (106)
23
14
9
46
LDT2 VMT (106)
9
5
4
18
LDDV VMT (106)
8
4
4
16
HDGV VMT (106)
2
1
2
5
HDDV VMT (106)
14
9
_7
30
TOTAL VMT (106)
191
111
85
387
TABLE X-14
1980 HARDIN COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGB)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
195
179
117
491
LDT1 VMT (106)
33
31
21
85
LDT2 VMT (106)
13
12
8
33
LDDV VMT (106)
11
11
7
29
HDGV VMT (106)
3
2
2
7
HDDV VMT (106)
21
20
11
52
TOTAL VMT (106)
276
255
166
697
X-12
-------
TABLE X-15
1980 HENRY COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
40
35
18
93
LDT1 VMT (106)
6
6
3
15
LDT2 VMT (106)
3
3
1
7
LDDV VMT (106)
2
1
0
4
HDGV VMT (106)
1
0
0
1
HDDV VMT (106)
Jt
__3
_2
9
TOTAL VMT (106)
56
49
24
129
TABLE X-16
1980 OLDHAM COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
48
35
20
103
LDT^ VMT (106)
8
6
3
17
LDT2 VMT (106)
3
3
1
7
LDDV VMT (106)
3
2
2
7
HDGV VMT (106)
1
0
0
1
HDDV VMT (106)
_6
__4
_2
12
TOTAL VMT (1Q6)
69
50
28
147
X-13
-------
TABLE X-17
1980 SHELBY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
92
72
33
197
LDT VMT (106)
16
13
5
34
LDT2 VMT (106)
6
5
2
13
LDDV VMT (106)
6
4
2
12
HDGV VMT (106)
1
1
0
2
HDDV VMT (106)
10
8
_4
22
TOTAL VMT (106)
131
103
46
280
TABLE X-18
1980 SPENCER COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
0
19
7
26
LDT VMT (106)
0
3
1
4
LDT VMT (106)
6
LDDV VMT (10 )
0
0
1
1
1
0
2
1
HDGV VMT (106)
0
0
0
0
HDDV VMT (106)
0
_2_
0
__2
TOTAL VMT (106)
0
26
9
35
X-14
-------
TABLE X-L9
1980 TRIMBLE COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (10 )
22
2
7
31
LDT. VMT (106)
6
LDT- VMT (10 )
4
2
1
0
1
1
6
3
LDDV VMT (10 )
1
0
0
1
HDGV VMT (10 )
0
0
0
0
HDDV VMT (106)
_2
_o
_o
_2
TOTAL VMT (106)
31
3
9
43
TABLE X-20
1985 BULLITT COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (10 )
148
85
65
298
LDGT VMT (106)
25
14
10
49
1 £
LDGT„ VMT (10 )
10
6
4
20
I g
LDDV VMT (10 )
8
5
5
18
c.
HDGV VMT (10 )
2
1
2
5
HDDV VMT (106)
16
10
_1_
33
TOTAL VMT (106)
209
121
93
423
X-15
-------
TABLE X-21
1985 HARDIN COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
212
196
127
535
LDGT VMT (106)
36
34
22
92
LDGT2 VMT (106)
14
13
9
36
LDDV VMT (106)
12
12
7
31
HDGV VMT (106)
4
2
2
8
HDDV VMT (10'6 )
23
22
12
57
TOTAL VMT (106)
301
279
179
759
TABLE X-22
1985 HENRY COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
43
38
19
100
LDGT1 VMT (106)
7
7
4
18
LDGT2 VMT (106)
3
3
1
7
LDDV VMT (106)
2
2
0
4
HDGV VMT (106)
1
0
0
1
HDDV VMT (106)
_5
_4
_2
11
TOTAL VMT (106)
61
54
26
141
X-16
-------
TABLE X-23
1985 OLDHAM COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
53
38
22
113
LDGT1 VMT (106)
LDGT2 VMT (106)
9
3
7
3
4
1
20
7
LDDV VMT (106)
4
2
2
8
HDGV VMT (106)
1
0
0
1
HDDV VMT (106)
_6
_J5
_2
13
TOTAL VMT (106)
76
55
-— .
31
162
TABLE X-24
1985SHELBY COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
101
78
36
215
LDGT VMT (106)
17
14
5
36
LDGT2 VMT (106)
7
5
2
14
LDDV VMT (106)
6
5
2
13
HDGV VMT (106)
1
1
0
2
HDDV VMT (106)
11
8
__5
24
TOTAL VMT (106)
1 '
143
111
50
304
X-17
-------
TABLE X-25
1985 SPENCER COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
0
20
7
27
LDGT1 VMT (106)
0
4
1
5
LDGT2 VMT (106)
0
1
1
2
LDDV VMT (106)
0
1
0
1
HDGV VMT (106)
0
0
0
0
HDDV VMT (106)
0
_2
0
_2
TOTAL VMT (106)
0
28
9
37
TABLE X-26
1985 TRIMBLE COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
24
2
7
33
LDGT VMT (106)
4
1
1
6
LDGT2 VMT (106)
2
0
1
3
LDDV VMT (106)
1
0
0
1
HDGV VMT (106)
0
0
0
0
HDDV VMT (106)
__2
0
0
_2
TOTAL VMT (106)
33
3
9
45
X-18
-------
TABLE X-27
1995 BULLITT COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
6
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (10 )
172
99
76
347
LDGT- VMT (106)
— , 6
29
17
12
58
LDGT- VMT (10°)
12
, 6
7
5
24
LDDV VMT (10 )
10
6
. _ D.
6
22
HDGV VMT (10 )
•5
. 6
J
1
3
7
HDDV VMT (10 )
c
18
11
8
37
TOTAL VMT (10°)
244
1
110
495
TABLE X-28
1995 HARDIN COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
Z
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (10 )
c
248
228
148
624
LDGT VMT (10 )
42
39
26
107
LDGT VMT (10 )
17
16
10
43
LDDV VMT (10 )
6
14
14
8
36
HDGV VMT (10 )
is
4
3
3
10
HDDV VMT (10 )
27
25
14
66
TOTAL VMT (106)
352
325
209
886
X-19
-------
TABLE X-29
1995 HENRY COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
50
45
22
117
LDGT1 VMT (106)
8
8
4
20
LDGT2 VMT (106)
3
3
2
8
LDDV VMT (106)
3
3
0
6
HDGV VMT (106)
1
0
0
1
HDDV VMT (106)
_6
_4
_3
13
TOTAL VMT (106)
71
63
31
165
TABLE X-30
1995 OLDHAM COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
62
45
25
132
LDGT VMT (106)
10
8
4
22
LDGT2 VMT (106)
4
3
2
9
LDDV VMT (106)
4
3
3
10
HDGV VMT (106)
1
0
0
1
HDDV VMT (106)
_7
_6
_2
16
TOTAL VMT (106)
88
65
37
190
X-20
-------
TABLE X-31
1995 SHELBY COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
Z Cold SCarts . (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
118
91
42
251
LDGT1 VMT (106)
20
16
6
42
LDGT2 VMT (106)
8
6
2
16
LDDV VMT (106)
7
6
3
16
HDGV VMT (106)
1
1
0
2
HDDV VMT (106)
13
10
__6
29
TOTAL VMT (106)
167
130
59
356
TABLE X-32
1995 SPENCER COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
0
24
8
32
LDGT1 VMT (106)
0
4
2
6
LDGT2 VMT (106)
0
2
1
3
LDDV VMT (106)
0
1
0
1
JDGV VMT (106)
0
0
0
0
3DDV VMT (106)
0
_o
_3
TOTAL VMT (106)
0
34
li
45
X-21
-------
TABLE X-33
1995 TRIMBLE COUNTY TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
28
3
8
39
LDGT1 VMT (106)
5
1
2
8
LDGT2 VMT (106)
2
0
1
3
LDDV VMT (106)
1
0
0
1
HDGV VMT (106)
0
0
0
0
HDDV VMT (106)
_3
0
_0
__3
TOTAL VMT (106)
39
4
11
54
TABLE X-34
1980 MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION FACTORS
(GRAMS/MILE)
VEHICLE
MODE
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
HC
CO
NO
X
HC
CO
NO
X
HC
CO
NO
X
LDV
4.40
21.33
4.21
5.75
37.94
4.02
7.47
62.93
3.69
LDT
4.38
22.88
3.93
5.91
40.85
3.72
7.88
68.15
3.40
ldt2
5.68
26.18
5.99
7.65
46.74
5.69
10.17
78.24
5.21
HDG
10.60
145.12
13.45
13.50
156.26
11.62
18.86
203.10
10.66
HDD
2.23
12.12
29.89
2.82
15.69
18.31
3.73
22.54
18.71
MC
4.02
12.71
0.30
5.95
20.64
0.29
8.48
32.42
0.27
All Modes
4.35
22.. 32
6.36
5.72
38.12
5.24
7.56
63.20
4.94
X-22
-------
TABLE X-35
1985 MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION FACTORS
(GRAMS/MILE)
VEHICLE
modes
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
HC
CO
NO
X
HC
CO
NO
X
HC
CO
NO
X
LDV
4.40
11.01
3.22
5.75
20.27
3.01
7.47
34.52
2.77
LDT,
4.38
16.43
3.27
5.91
30.71
3.05
7.88
52.51
2.80
LDT0
5.68
17.36
3.91
7.65
32.23
3.68
10.17
55.02
3.38
HDG
10.60
100.43
11.24
13.50
107.54 .
9.52
18.86
131.48
8.62
HDD
2.23
10.70
26.30
2.82
14.46
14.79
3.73
21.32
15.09
MC
1.01
4.65
0.54
1.73
8.06
0.53
2.63
13.09
0.50
All Modes
4.33
12.90
5.15
5.68
22.54
4.03
7.51
38.06
3.80
TABLE X-36
1990 AND 1995 MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION FACTORS
(GRAMS/MILE)(1)
VEHICLE
MODE
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
HC
CO
NO
X
HC
CO
NOx
HC
CO
NO
X
LDV
0.95
6.66
2.79
1.72
13.17
2.59
2.61
23.09
2.38
LDT
1.26
10.49
2.60
2.25
20.33
2.41
3.41
35.34
2.22
LDT
1.35
10.66
2.73
2.37
20.54
2.54
3.56
35.65
2.34
HDG
4.73
65.47
8.85
6.44
70.38
7.44
9.35
83.46
6.70
HDD
1.26
10.27
14.86
1.76
14.08
8.15
2.49
20.93
8.31
MC
0.23
1.88
0.24
0.45
3.41
0.23
0.72
5.68
0.22
All Modes
1.07
8.22
3.76
1.86
15.03
3.04
2.83
25.83
2.85
^ 1990 emission factors calculated using the Mobile 1 program, obtained
from OTLUP, January 1978, were used for 1995 based on a telephone
conversation with Len Fleckenstein and Lew Guthman of OTLUP.
X-23
-------
EF = [EF x F] + [EF x (1 - F)] + EF
L cc J L ncc J tw
where:
EF - The exhaust emission factor for the 1975 model year and later
cc
years (0.05 g/mile),
EF = The exhaust emission factor for 1974 model and earlier cars
ncc
(0.34 g/mile), and
EF = Tire wear emission factor (0.20 g/mile).
tw
F is calculated using Table 1-22 in Appendix D of AP-42 (Supplement
No. 5) for LDGA and Table D.2-11 for LDGT. The projected TSP emission
factors for this vehicle class are summarized in Table X-37.
TABLE X-37
PROJECTED TSP EMISSION FACTORS
VEHICLE CLASS
1975
1980
1985
1995
LDGA
0.51
0.33
0.27
0.27
LDGT1
0.51
0.35
0.28
0.28
ldgt2
0.51
0.35
0.28
0.28
With these projected HC, CO, NO , particulate emission factors and
X
the unchanging emission factors previously discussed, and the projected
VMT, the projected highway vehicle emissions were calculated and summarized
in Table X-38 - X-40.
X-24
-------
TABLE X-38
1980 HIGHWAY VEHICLES EMISSIONS STTMMAttv
COUNTY
EM
ISSIONS (TONS/YEAR)
PARTICULATES
SULFUR
DIOXIDE
HYDROCARBONS
CARBON
MONOXIDE
NITROGEN
OXIDES
Bullitt
Hardin
Henry
Oldham
Shelby
Spencer
Trimble
214.3
379.7
68.3
82.1
153.8
17.3
20.4
155.6
273.8
48.2
61.2
113.2
11. 7
13.0
2,256.8
4,163.1
759.0
839.3
1,586.3
234.3
24-2.8
14.818.2
27,958.1
4.961.0
5,408.8
10.168.3
1,668.7
1.486.1
2,394.4
4,189.8
774.3
919.8
1,723.1
182.6
250.8
TABLE X-39
1985 HIGHWAY VEHICLES EMISSIONS stimmapv
EM
ISSIONS (TONS/YEAR)
COUNTY
PARTICULATES
SULFUR
DIOXIDE
HYDROCARBONS
CARBON
MONOXIDE
NITROGEN
OXIDES
Bullitt
209.5
170.7
1,210.0
9,513.8
2,083.5
Hardin
369.3
299.2
2,260.1
18,079.5
3,614.0
Henry
68.1
56.0
408.5
3,204.6
688.7
Oldham
80.7
66.9
454.1
3,520.2
793.1
Shelby
149.0
123.0
842.6
6,470.7
1,484.9
Spencer
15.7
12.1
126.3
1,037.5
146.2
Trimble
18.1
13.3
119.2
892.9
206.0
X-25
-------
TABLE X-40
1995 HIGHWAY VEHICLES EMISSIONS SUMMARY
COUNTY
EMISSIONS (TONS/YEAR)
PARTICULATES
so2
HC
CO
NO
X
Bullitt
243.8
195.9
903.2
7,486.7
1.800.0
Hardin
430.5
347.8
1,692.2
14,101.2
3,150.6
Henry
80.4
66.3
299.6
2,471.8
597.7
Oldham
96.2
80.8
332.9
2,725.1
692.6
Shelby
176.2
147.1
616.3
5,005.3
1,295.1
Spencer
20.1
16.2
101.4
852.5
137.8
Trimble
22.9
17.6
86.7
710.0
196.7
D- PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION:
Projected emissions were allocated to each grid square in accordance
with the projected VMT distribution.
X-26
-------
CHAPTER XI
AIRCRAFT
This source category includes exhaust emissions from aircraft engines.
Emission factors, based on the landing-takeoff cycle (LTO), are found in
AP-42.
A. 1975 EMISSION INVENTORY
There are two tower-controlled airports in the study area, both in
Hardin County: Elizabethtown Airport and Godman Field at Fort Knox. In
addition, there are 15 noncontrolled auxiliary air strips at Fort Knox
used for military helicopter training exercises. Aircraft emissions
related to Fort Knox are accounted for in Chapter XXXI.
Aircraft operating data for Elizabethtown Airport were obtained from the
office of the airport manager. Only general aviation and military operations
take place at this airport.
Operating data and emissions are summarized in Table XI^-1.
B. 1975 EMISSIONS ALLOCATION
Emissions from this source category were assigned to subcounty areas
in accordance with the location of the airports.
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
Projected emissions from this source category are dependent upon three
factors:
o Increased operational activity.
o Change in aircraft equipment mix.
o More stringent control of aircraft emissions.
Of these, only increased activity is expected to affect emissions at Elizabethtown
Airport. Military operations are expected to remain constant, but general aviation
XI-1
-------
operations are projected to increase at the rate of 10.75% per year as
estimated in FAA publication, Terminal Area Forecasts 1976-1986, for general
aviation in Kentucky. Emissions are summarized in Chapter XXXII.
D. PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION
Projected emissions were allocated to subcounty areas in accordance with
the location of the airports.
XI-2
-------
TABLE XI-1
AIR CRAFT OPERATIONS AMD EMISSION SUMMARY
I Particulate
Sulfur
Hoxide
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen Oxides
Operations
Per Year
Engines
LTO's
EF
(lbs/
LTO-eng)
Emissions
(lbs/yr)
EF
(lbs/
LTO-eng)
Emissions
(lbs/yr)
EF
(lbs/
LTO-eng)
Emissions
(lbs/yr)
EF
(lbs/
LTO-eng)
Emissions
(lbs/yr)
EF
(lbs/
LTO-eng)
Emissions
(lbs/yr)
Elizabethtown Airport
Military-Helicopter
3,000
1
1,500
0.25
375
0.18
270
5.7
8,550
0.52
780
0.57
855
General Aviation-
Piston
57,000
1
28,500
0.02
570
0.014
399
12.2
347,700
0.4
11,400
0.047
1,340
TOTAL HARDIN COUNTY
(tona/year)
0.5
1 •
0.3
178.1
6.1
1.1
-------
CHAPTER XII
RAILROAD LOCOMOTIVES
This source category includes exhaust emissions from diesel locomotive
engines, both line-haul engines and switch engines, as well as emissions from
auxiliary equipment and probably some space heating. Emission factors, based
on the quantity of fuel consumed, are found in AP—42
A. 1975 EMISSION INVENTORY
The three Class I railroads which operate in the study area were requested
to provide 1975 fuel usage data by county. The Louisville and Nashville
provided the following estimates:
Bullitt
876,000
gallons
Hardin
804,000
gallons
Henry
516,000
gallons
Jefferson
2,717,000
gallons
Oldham
360,000
gallons
Shelby
660,000
gallons
Spencer
0
Trimble
0
The sulfur in fuel content was reported to average 0.4%.
Neither the Southern Railway nor the Illinois Central Gulf could provide
fuel usage by county, although total fuel dispensed for Southern's account
at the Kentucky and Indiana terminal facility was 5,890,614 gallons for 1975.
Sulfur in fuel content was 0.14%.
In the 1973 emission inventory it was shown that fuel usage could be
estimated by the factor 8.0 gallons/train-mile for road-haul operations
and 1.0 gallons/train-mile for switchyard operations. For the 1975 pro-
jection year, using a 1973 to 1975 growth factor of 1.07 it was estimated
that 2,297,000 gallons of fuel would be used by the Louisville and Nashville
in Jefferson County. The discrepancy between the estimated value and the
reported value may be, in part at least, a result of an inaccurate pro-
jection from 1973 to 1975. Nevertheless, it is believed that the 1973
From the LAQMP
XII-1
-------
estimating technique is appropriate with the factors adjusted to reflect
the increased fuel usage reported by the Louisville and Nashville. The
adjusted factors are 10 gallons/train-mile for road-haul operations and
1.25 gallons/train-mile for switchyard operations in those counties in
which substantial marshalling yards are located.
Railroad operating data for the Southern, Illinois Central Gulf, and
AMTRAK, obtained from the railroads and the Official Railway Guide are
summarized in Table XII-1. Fuel usage, by county, for all railroads is
summarized in Table XII-2. For the Louisville and Nashville the fuel
consumed values are those reported by the railroad. For the other railroads
the fuel consumed is calculated by the fuel use factor for road-haul oper-
ations. There are no large switchyards in the seven-county study area.
Emission summaries are shown in Table XII-3.
B. 1975 EMISSIONS ALLOCATION
Emissions from this source category were allocated to subcounty areas
in accordance with train miles travelled.
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
Figure XII-1 shows the growth in freight train miles for the Southern
District of the Association of American Railroads from 1961 to 1975. An
average growth rate of 1.9 x 10^ freight train miles/year was sustained from
1961 to 1974, but the recession resulted in a drop in freight train miles
for 1975.
Freight train miles are projected to recover from the recession and
resume the historical growth rate. The 1980 and 1985 projections, as shown
in Figure XII-1, are 94 x 10^ and 103.5 x 10^ freight train miles, respectively
At the same linear rate, the 1995 projection is 122.5 x 106 freight train
miles. As compared to 1975, increases of 30%, 43%, and 69% are expected for
the three planning years. Emissions, projected to increase at the same rate,
are summarized in Chapter XXXII.
D. PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION
Projected emissions were allocated to subcounty areas in accordance with
the projected train miles.
XII-2
-------
63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85
YEAR
Figure XI1-1. Growth in freight train miles.
XII-3
-------
TABLE XII-1
RAILROAD OPERATING DATA
TRAIN-MILES PER DAY
COUNTY
SOUTHERN
ICG
AMTRAK
Bullitt
0
16.0
42.0
Hardin
0
156.2
59.2
Henry
0
0
0
Oldham
0
0
0
Shelby
141.6
0
0
Spencer
0
0
0
Trimble
0
0
0
TABLE XII-2
1975 FUEL USAGE BY RAILROAD COMPANIES
(103 gal)
COUNTY
L&N
SOUTHERN
ICG
AMTRAK
TOTAL
Bullitt
876
0
58
153
1,087
Hardin
804
0
570
216
1,590
Henry
516
0
0
0
516
Oldham
360
0
0
0
360
Shelby
660
517
0
0
1,177
Spencer
0
0
0
0
0
Trimble
0
0
0
0
0
XII-4
-------
TABLE XII-3
1975 RAILROAD LOCOMOTIVE EMISSION SUMMARY
EMISSIONS (tons/year)
PARTICULATES
SULFUR DIOXIDE U)
CARBON MONOXIDE
HYDROCARBONS
NITROGEN OXIDES
COUNTY
EF= 25 lbs/103 gal
EF=57 lbs/103 eal
EF= 130 lbs/103 gal
EF=94 lbs/103 gal
EF=370 lbs/103 gal
Bullitt
13.6
31.0
70.7
51.1
201.1
Hardin
19.9
45.3
103.4
74.7
294.2
Henry
6.5
14.7
33.5
24.3
95.5
Oldham
4.5
10.3
23.4
16.9
66.6
Shelby
14.7
24.0
76.5
55.3
217.7
Spencer
0
0
0
0
0
Trimble
0
0
0
0
0
(1) 3
An emission factor of 40.7 lbs/10 gal was used for Shelby County to account for the low sulfur in fuel used
by the Southern Railway.
-------
CHAPTER XIII
VESSELS
This source category includes emissions from recreational and commercial
cargo vessels including auxiliary equipment and heating. Emission factors
are available in AP-42.
A. 1975 EMISSION INVENTORY
The 1973 emission inventory for Jefferson County determined that 422 x
10 gallons of diesel fuel and 275 x 103 gallons of gasoline fuel were comsumed
on the Ohio River. The diesel fuel quantity was based on a 1972 fuel survey
of marine operators and a confirming analysis for 1973 of river-borne traffic
into and out of Louisville Port.
River borne traffic for 1975 is available in Waterborne Commerce of the
United States, 1975. These data show a 9% decrease in traffic from 1973 to
1975. The 1973 fuel usage by vessels operating on the Ohio River bordering
Jefferson County was reduced by 9% to estimate the 1975 fuel usage for both
diesel commercial vessels and gasoline recreational boats. Fuel use by
diesel and gasoline vessels operating on the Ohio River bordering Bullitt,
Oldham, and Trimble Counties was estimated from the 1975 Jefferson County
totals in accordance with the ratios of river bank length. In arbitrary units
of length:
DIESEL FUEL USE
Bullitt:
1
17
X
384
X
103 - 23 x 103 gal
Oldham:
1
17
X
384
X
103 - 181 x 103 gal
Trimble:
10
17
X
384
X
103 = 226 x 103 gal
XIII-1
-------
gasoline fuel use
i X 250 X 103 = 15 X 10 gal
Bullitt: 17 x
- 3
8 v ?S0 x 10 - 118 x 10 ^1
Oldham: ^7
10 T ,50 x 103 - 157 x 103 gal
Trimble: — x 25U x
, . rateaorv are summarized in Table XIII-1 and
Emission® fro® this source category
XIII-2.
B< iemissions allocation
t,.,, ^His source category were allocated to subcounty areas
Emissions trom tuj-=
•4-v, rhf* lenzth of river bank bordering each area,
in accordance witn tne ->.<= s
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
Historical growth factors for tons traasported on the 0hi„ «
Louisville are as follows: River at
1965-66 1.062 1970-71 i.q71
1966-67 0.960 1071
-1-9/1-72 0.979
1967-68 1.058 1
-------
TABLE XIII-1
1975 DIESEL VESSEL EMISSION SUMMARY
EMISSIONS (tons/year)
PARTICULATES
SULFUR DIOXIDE
CARBON MONOXIDE
HYDROCARBONS
NITROGEN OXIDES
COUNTY
EF= 105 lbs/103 eal
EF= 27 lbs/103 eal
EF=100 lbs/103 gal
EF= 50 lbs/103 gal
EF=280 lbs/103 gal
Bullitt
1.2
0.3
1.2
0.6
3.2
1 Oldham
9.5
2.4
9.1
4.5
25.3
J Trimble
J 11.9
3.1
11.3
5.7
31.6
TABLE XIII-2
1975 GASOLINE VESSEL EMISSION SUMMARY
EMISSIONS (tons/year),
COUNTY
PARTICULATES
SULFUR DIOXIDE
CARBON MONOXIDE
HYDROCARBONS
NITROGEN OXIDES
EF= Negligible
EF=6.4 lbs/103 gal
EF=3300 lbs/103 gal
EF= 1100 lbs/103 gal
EF=6.6 lbs/103 gal
Bullitt
Negligible
Negligible
24.8
8.3
Negligible
Oldham
Negligible
0.4
194.7
64.9
0.4
Trimble
Negligible
0.5
242.6
80.9
0.5
-------
CHAPTER XIV
SMALL GASOLINE ENGINES
This source category includes exhaust emissions from small two-stroke
and four-stroke, air-cooled, gasoline-powered motors. Examples of the uses
of these engines are: lawnmowers, small electric generators, pumps, and
garden tractors. Emission factors are found in AP-42.
A. 1975 EMISSION INVENTORY
Volume 7 of the Guidelines state# that fuel usage may be estimated by
the factor, 13 gallons/person-year. On many occasions, this usage rate
has been questioned. AP-42 provides emission factors by both g/gal of fuel
and g/unit-year. These two factors permit calculating gal/unit-year. The
results are shown below.
o 2-stroke, lawn and garden - 20.6 gal/unit-year
o 4-stroke, lawn and garden - 10.8 gal/unit-year
o 4-stroke, miscellaneous - 12.3 gal/unit-year
Furthermore, AP-42 states that there are more than 44 million engines of this
category in service or approximately one engine for each five persons.
The inconsistencies discussed above have been resolved by calculating
emission as follows:
Emissions (g/year) » EF(g/unit) x 0.2 x population
The resulting emissions are shown in Table XIV-1.
B. 1975 EMISSION ALLOCATION
Emissions from this category were allocated in accordance with population
distribution.
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
Emissions from this source category are projected to increase in accord-
ance with population growth. Emissions are summarized in Chapter XXXII.
XIV-1
-------
D. PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION
Projected emissions were allocated in accordance with the projected
population distribution.
TABLE XIV-1
1975 SMALL GASOLINE ENGINES EMISSION SUMMARY
EMISSIONS (tons/year)
PARTICULATES
SULFUR DIOXIDE
CARBON MONOXIDE
HYDROCARBONS
[ NITROGEN OXIDES
county
EF -
EF »
EF -
EF -
EF -
0.17 lbs/unit-yr
0.06 lbs/unit-yr
45.42 Lbs/unit-yr
6.40 lbs/unit-yr
0.62 lbs/unit-yr
Bullitt
0.6
0.2
152.3
21.5
2.1
Hardin
0.8
0.3
210.5
29.7
2.9
Henry
0.2
0.1
52.4
7.4
0.7
Oldham
0.3
0.1
84.7
11.9
1.2
Shelby
0.3
0.1
91.4
12.9
1.2
Spencer
0.1
Negligible
24.4
3.4
0.3
Trimble
0.1
Negligible
25.3
3.6
0.4
XIV-2
-------
CHAPTER XV
AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT
This source category includes exhaust emissions from diesel and gasoline
farm tractors and other mobile agricultural equipment. Emission factors, based
on the quantity of fuel consumed, are found in AP-42.
A. 1975 EMISSION INVENTORY
The cost of pretroleum products for farming operations, the number of
tractors, and the acres of harvested cropland were obtained from the 1974
Census of Agriculture for 1974 and 1969. With certain assumptions these data
permit calculating the quantity of fuel consumed by county for 1975. These
assumptions are as follows:
o The average price of diesel fuel in 1975 was $0. 375/gallon^.
o The average proce of gasoline in 1975 was $0.445/gallon^.
o Harvested cropland .changed at the same arithmetic rate from 1974
to 1975 as from 1969 to 1974.
o Fuel costs were stable from 1974 to 1975.
Table XV-1 summarizes the census data and the fuel use estimates by county
and for the state. The diesel fueled tractor percentages were estimated by
the respective U. S. Department of Agriculture county extension agents.
The 1974 fuel costs were factored by the change in harvested cropland
from 1974 to 1975 to determine 1975 fuel costs. Diesel and gasoline fuel
usage was then determined from the diesel/gasoline split and the costs of the
fuels. This method assumes that the cost of fuel per acre harvested was con-
stant from 1974 to 1975.
Tables XV-2 and XV-3 summarize the agricultural equipment exhaust
emissions for gasoline and diesel fuels. In calculating the nonoperating
evaporative losses (34.4 lbs/unit) the 1974 number of tractors was used.
^ Cost per gallon estimates provided by the Kentucky Independent Gasoline
Marketers Association does not include road taxes.
XV-1
-------
TABLE XV-1
ESTIMATED FARM TRACTOR FUEL CONSUMPTION
1969
STATE
BULLITT
HARDIN
HENRY
OLDHAM
SHELBY
SPENCER
1 TRIMBLE
Petroleum Products ($1,000)
34,015
192
533
412
260
664
284
159
Farm Tractors
137,105
1,016
2,339
1,832
948
2,783
1,140
824
Harvested Cropland (acres)
3,128,222
18,122
54,625
28,228
24,261
56,933
21,179
12,576
1974
Petroleum Products ($1,000)
48,956
254
769
516
552
913
421
220
Farm Tractors
129,668
872
2,364
1,529
770
2,421
1,061
774
Harvested Cropland (acres)
3,612,537
15,905
61,661
29,592
26,383
58,607
25,035
14,257
1974/1969 Ratios j
]
3etroleum Products
1.44
1.32
1.44
1.25
2.12
1.38
1.48
1.38
/Farm Tractors
.95
.86
1.01
.83
.81
.87
.93
.94
Harvested Cropland (acres)
1.15
.88
1.13
1.05
1.09
1.03
1.18
1.13
1975
I
1
Harvested Cropland (acres) 1
3,709,400
15,462
63,068
29,865
26,807
58,942
25,806
14,593
* j
r
Farmed by Diesel Tractors 1
40
40
75
75
60
40
50
10
Petroleum Products ($1,000) 1
50,269 j
247
787
521
561
918
434
225
1975 Fuel Use (1,000 sal)
Diesel @ $0.375/gal
48,220
237
1,504
996
835
881
529
51
Gasoline @ $0.445/gal
72,329
355
501
332
557
1,321
529
462
-------
TABLE XV-2
1975 GASOLINE TRACTOR EMISSION SUMMARY
EMISSIONS (cons/year)
1
j couwrr
1
PARTICULATES
SULFUR DIOXIDE
CARBON MONOXIDE
HYDROCARBONS
NITROGEN OXIDES
ET-8 lbs/10^
gal
ET-S.31 lbs/103
gal
EF-3,260 lbs/103
gal
EF-150.1 lbs/103
gal + 34.4
lbs/tractor
Ef-151 lbs/103
gal
(
i Bullitt
1.4
0.9
578.7
41.6
26.8
; Hardin
2.0
1.3
816.6
78.3
37.8
1 Henry
1.3
0.9
541.2
51.2
25.1
j Oldham
2.2
1.5
907.9
53.0
42.1
| Shelby
5.3
3.5
2,153.2
140.8
99.7
I Spencer
2.1
1.4
862.3
58.0
39.9
|Trimble
1.8
1.2
753.1
o
CO
34.9
TABLE XV-3
1975 DIESEL TRACTOR EMISSION SUMMARY
j
BMISSIONS (tons/year)
COUNTY
PARTICULATES
SULiTO DIOXIDE
CARSON MONOXIDE
HYDROCARBONS
NITROGEN OXEDES
EF-45.7 lbs/103iEF«31.Z lbs/103
ET-119 lbs/10-3
EF-60.7 lbs/103
EF-335 lbs/103
gal
gal
gal
gal
gal
Bullitt
5.4
14.1
7.2
39.7
Bardin
34.3
23.5
89.5
45.6
251.9
Henry
22.8
15.5
59.3
30.2
166.8
Oldham
19.1
13.0
49.7
25.3
139.9
Shelby
20.1
13.7
52.4
26.7
147.6
Spencer
12.1
8.3
31.5
16.1
38.6
Trimble
1.2
0.3
3.0
1.5
8.5
XV- 3
-------
B. 1975 EMISSIONS ALLOCATION
Agricultural equipment emissions were allocated in accordance with
forest/nonurban acres.
non-
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
Projected emissions from this source category are projected to change with
the change in acreage of harvested cropland, found in Table XV-1 for 1969, 1974,
and 1975, and repeated in Table XV-4 along with estimates of projected acreage '
for 1980 through 1995.
TABLE XV-4
PAST AND PROJECTED HARVESTED CROPLAND
(acres)
COUNTY
1969
1974
1975
1980
Bullitt
18,122
15,905
15,462
14,337
Hardin
54,625
61,661
63,068
58,478
Henry
28,228
29,592
29,865
32,105
Oldham
24,261
26,383
26,807
24,856
Shelby
56,933
58,607
58,942
63,363
Spencer
21,179
25,035
25,806
27,741
Trimble
12,576
14,257
14,593
15,687
1985
1995
13,293
11,429
54,221
46,616
32,105
32,105
23,047
19,815
63,363
63,363
27,741
27,741
15,687
15,687
a uecrease in acreage in all counties between
1964 and 1969. Between 1969 and 1974, with the exception of Bullitt County, the
trend was for increasing acreage. Because of the substantial increase in popula'
tion predicted for Bullitt, Hardin and Oldham Counties, a decrease in farmland
would be expected. On the other hand, cropland in the other four counties might
be expected to continue to increase to 1980 and then remain constant.
Emissions are projected to decrease in Bullitt, Hardin, and Oldham Counties
at a geometric rate of 1.5%/year through 1995. Emissions from the other
counties are projected to increase at an arithmetic rate of 1.5% to 1980 and
then to remain constant. Emissions are summarized in Chapter XXXII.
D. PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION
Projected agricultural equipment emissions were allocated to subeounty are*8
in accordance with the projected nonforest/nonurban acres.
XV-4
-------
CHAPTER XVI
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
This source category includes emissions associated with fuel combustion
by off-road construction equipment. Emission factors are found in AP-42.
Three types of construction operations are considered.
A. 1975 EMISSION INVENTORY
Road Construction Equipment. The number of miles of new road construction
in 1975 for each county was provided by county works department officials. For
Hardin County, the number of miles of heavy roadway maintenance was also avail-
able. Length of roadway maintenance in the other counties was estimated by the
ratios of maintenance costs in each county to the Hardin County cost.
Hardin County officials were also able to provide the following data:
o Average diesel fuel usage for new construction - 2,125 gal/mile.
o Total gasoline fuel usage for construction and maintenance - 805,000
gallons.
If it is assumed that the fuel usage per mile of new construction and mainte-
nance is constant throughout the area and that all gasoline is used in heavy
maintenance activities, fuel consumption by road construction equipment and
emissions can be calculated for each county. Table XVI-1 summarizes road con-
struction data and fuel usage.
Rp-gi'Hential Construction Equipment. Residential construction includes
both land clearing and new road construction within housing developments. The
number of housing starts by county was provided by the planning agencies.
Typical residential lot sizes for the area, determined from historical data and
maps, indicate that one-half acre of land with 0.03 miles of new road is re-
quired for each residence. Based on an average diesel equipment fuel usage of
5-5 gal/hour (from AP-42) and 20 hours of equipment time per lot, land prepara-
tion fuel requirements are 110 gallons per residence. Road construction fuel
XVI-1
-------
requirements are 2,125 gal/mile. Table XVII-2 summarizes residential construc-
tion data and fuel usage.
Miscellaneous Construction and Landfill Equipment. Miscellaneous construc-
tion includes nonresidential building construction: commercial/institutional
and industrial buildings and landfill operations. County officials stated
that there was very little nonresidential building construction in 1975, vary-
ing from one acre of development in Spencer and Trimble Counties to seven acres
in Henry County. Fuel usage at the same rate as for residential construction
would be 220 gallons per acre developed.
Fuel usage for sanitary landfill operations was obtained from county
authorities. Table XVII-3 summarizes miscellaneous construction data and fuel
usage.
TABLE XVI-1
ROAD CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT OPERATTNr: r>aTa
COUNTY
ROAD MI
LES
FUEL USAGE (103 gal)
CONSTRUCTION
MAINTENANCE
DIESEL
GASOLINE
Bullitt
10
27
21
31
Hardin
19
70
40
81
Henry
7
36
15
42
Oldham
12
27
26
31
Shelby
10
44
21
51
Spencer
3
20
6
23
Trimble
3
16
6
19
^ Includes hard surfacing of gravel roads.
XVI-2
-------
TABLE XVI-2
RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT OPERATING DATA
COUNTY
RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION
FUEL USAGE
(10^ gal diesel)
NUMBER OF UNITS
ROAD MILES
Bullitt
381
11.4
66
Hardin
525
15.8
91
Henry
72
2.2
13
Oldham
502
15.1
87
Shelby
226
6.8
39
Spencer
49
1.5
9
Trimble
25
0.8
4
TABLE XVI-3
MISCELLANEOUS CO.NSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT OPERATING DATA
CONSTRUCTION
LANDFILL
TOTAL
COUNTY
DIESEL
DIESEL
DIESEL
NUMBER OF ACRES
FUEL USAGE
FUEL USAGE
FUEL USAGE
(gal)
(gal)
(103 gal)
Bullitt
1
220
19,485
20
Hardin
2
440
4,500
5
Henry
7
1,540
6,700
8
Oldham
2
440
10,800
11
Shelby
2
440
11,700
12
Spencer
2
440
3,100
4
Trimble
1
220
0
0
Table XV-4 shows the emission factors *ned in computations and Table XV-5
summarizes the emissions computed with these emission factors.
XVI-3
-------
TABLE XVI-4
EMISSION FACTORS FOR CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
POLLUTANTS
EMISSION FACTO
RSU) (lbs/103 gal)
DIESEL
EQUIPMENT
GASOLINE
EQUIPMENT
Particulates
Sulfur Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen Oxides
24.4
31.2
91.1
29.2
419.2
7.0
5.3
3,728.2
179.7
112.5
(1)
Weighted average emission factors estimated from AP-42
TABLE XVI-5
1975 CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT EMISSTnwg
COUNTY
Bullitt
Hardin
Henry-
Oldham
Shelby
Spencer
Trimble
PARTICULATES
1.4
2.0
0.5
1.6
1.1
0.3
0.2
EMISSIONS (tons/year)
SULFUR
DIOXIDE
1.8
2.3
0.7
2.0
1.2
0.4
0.3
CARBON
MONOXIDE
62.7
157.2
80.0
63.5
98.4
43.7
35.9
HYDROCARBONS
4.4
9.3
4.3
4.6
5.7
2.4
1.8
NITROGEN
OXIDES
24.1
33.1
10.0
27.7
18.0
5.2
1.2
XVI-4
-------
B. 1975 EMISSION ALLOCATION
Emissions from construction equipment were allocated by construction site
locations. Where construction site locations were not available, allocations
were done by population distribution.
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
Emissions from this source category were projected to increase in accordance
with construction employment projections as provided by KIPDA. Projected emis-
sions are summarized in Chapter XXXII.
D. PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION
Projected emissions were allocated in accordance with the projected popula-
tion change.
XVI-5
-------
CHAPTER XVII
SMALL POINT SOURCES
This source category includes those small point sources included in the
NEDS point source file which cannot be economically included as separate
point sources for modeling pruposes. It was determined by the Department for
Natural Resources and Environmental Protection that, for the time being and
until the modeling requirements are formulated, no point sources would be
included in the area source inventory.
XVI1-1
-------
CHAPTER XVIII
STRUCTURAL FIRES
This source category includes emissions from wild structural fires. It
does not include emissions from structures burned in fire training, which are
included under the open burning source category. There are no emission factors
recorded in AP-42 which specifically apply to structural fires. Factors
applicable to open burning of wood refuse have been used.
A. 1975 EMISSION INVENTORY
The Office of the State Fire Marshall provided information on the
number of fires and amount of dollar loss from fires for each county. The
average cost of a 1,500 square foot single family dwelling, including furnish-
ings, is $35,000, as estimated by the appraiser for First Federal Savings and
Loan in Louisville.^ Such a dwelling would include:
10,840 board feet of lumber » 791 ft"*
5,380 ft^ of 3/8" plywood « 168 ft^
Total - 959 ft3
3
At a mean density of 35 lbs/ft , this is equivalent to 16.8 tons per house plus
four tons of furnishings, or 20.8 tons of wood per house. Calculations are
Summarized in Table VXIII-1 and emissions in Table XVIII-2.
TABLE XVIII-1
1975 STRUCTURAL FIRE DATA
COUNTY
STRUCTURAL
FIRES
DOLLAR LOSS
(ie3 $)
EQUIVALENT
NO. OF HOUSES
EQUIVALENT
NO. OF TONS OF
WOOD BURNED
Bullitt
38
1,179.1
33.7
701.0
Hardin
51
148.5
4.2
87.4
Henry
25
109.5
3.1
64.5
Oldham
18
45.7
1.3
27.0
Shelby
52
317.5
9.1
189.3
Spencer
11
20.7
0.6
12.5
Trimble
5
2.5
0.1
2.1
This estimate was made for 1973. In calculating the data given in
Table XVIII-1, the value was inflated by 10%.
XVIII-1
-------
TABLE XVIII-2
1975 STRUCTURAL FIRE EMISSION SUMMARY
EMISSIONS (tons/year)
COUNTY
PARTICULATES
SULFUR DIOXIDE
CARBON MONOXIDE
HYDROCARBONS
NITROGEN OXIDES
ET - 17 lbs/
Con of wood
EF « Negligible
EF ¦ 50 lbs/ton
of wood
EF - 4 lbs/ton
of wood
EF » 2 lbs/ton
of wood
Bullitt
6.0
Negligible
17.5
1.4
0.7
Hardin
0.7
Negligible
2.2
0.2
0.1
Henry
0.5
Negligible
1.6
0.1
0.1
Oldham
0.2
Negligible
0.7
0.1
Negligible
Shelby
1.6
Negligible
4.7
0.4
0.2
Spencer
0.1
Negligible
0.3
Negligible
Negligible
Trimble
Negligible
Negligible
0.1
Negligible
Negligible
B. 1975 EMISSIONS ALLOCATION
Emissions from this source category were ,
s ry were allocated to subcounty areas in
accordance with the distribution of population.
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
Base-line year structural fires and emiss-fnno
emissions were nonuniformly distributed
among the seven counties; Bullitt Countv fnr -r„ ^
, . ' stance, having more than would
be expected. There is no reason to assume that- «.u
. ^ "e sa®e nonuniformity would
continue m the future. Therefore, total
. , county emissions are projected
to increase in accordance with the total i
, , Population growth. Total emissions
are then apportioned among the counties in or
are summarized in Chapter XXXII. " t0 ^°Pu-'-at^or1, Emissions
D. PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION
Projected emissions were allocated to
the projected population distribution. ^ ar6aS ln accordance with
XVIII-2
-------
CHAPTER XIX
WILD FOREST FIRES
This source category includes emissions from forest wildfires. Emission
factors based on both the number of acres burned and a regional factor to
account for the type of vegetation in the area are found in AP-42.
A. 1975 Emission Inventory
The State Forest Service provided information on the number of fires and
forest acres burned^ per county. In addition, data regarding fires in other
open areas were also made available. These other fires would include grass
fires in locations such as parks or open fields. There are no emission factors
listed for these fires. The regional factor for Kentucky is nine tons of
material per acre of forest burned. For grass fires, the factor was assumed
to be 0.9 tons/acre. Forest fire data is summarized in Table XIX-1.
TABLE XIX-1
1975 FOREST FIRE DATA
COUNTY
FOREST FIRES
OTHER FTRTT5
NO.
ACRES
TONS
NO.
ACRES
TONS
Bullitt
13
90
810
0
0
0
Hardin
18
94
846
7
27
24
Henry
0
0
0
0
0
0
Oldham
2
5
45
0
0
0
Shelby
1
4
36
1
2
2
Spencer
0
0
0
0
0
0
Trimble
0
0
0
0
0
0
Emissions from forest fires are given in Table XIX-2.
1975 Emissions Allocation
Emissions from this source category were assigned to subcounty areas in
accordance with the location of major forest areas or, in the case of"Bullitt and
Hardin Counties, the location of the fires.
^Bullitt and Hardin County firefighters described most of the fires as
underbrush fires.
XIX-1
-------
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
The State Forest Service reported that 1975 was not an unusual year with
regard to the number of fires and acres burned. Because of the nature of the
reported wildfires, the occurrence of a fire in one location is as likely as
in another location. Consequently, emissions are projected to remain constant
over time, but total emissions are redistributed among counties in accordance
with land area. Emissions are summarized in Chapter XXXII
D, PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION
Projected emissions were allocated to subcounty areas in accordance with
the location of major forest areas.
TABLE XIX-2
WILD FOREST FIRE EMISSIONS SUMMARY
'
EMISSIONS (tons/ypar1)
COUNTY
PARTICULATES
SULFUR
DIOXIDE
CARBON
MONOXIDE
HYDRO-
CARBONS
NITROGEN
OXIDES
i
I
EF = 17.2
lbs/ton
EF = 0
EF=141
lbs/ton
EF=24.2
lbs/ton
EF = 4
lbs/ton
| Bullitt
! Hardin
| Henry
j Oldham
Shelby
Spencer
Trimble
7.0
7.5
0
0.4
; 0.3
o
0
o o o o o o o
57.1
61.3
0
3.2
2.7
0
0
9.8
10.5
0
0.5
0.5
0
0
1.6
1.7
0
0.1
0.1
0
0
XIX-2
-------
CHAPTER XX
UNPAVED ROADS
This source category, applicable to particulate matter only, includes
emissions from reentrained dust resulting from vehicles traveling on unpaved
road surfaces. It does not include particulate matter due to exhaust emissions.
AP-42 provides a method for estimating emission factors.
A. 1975 EMISSION INVENTORY
Unpaved road miles were measured from county maps provided by the Highway
Department. ADT counts for these roads were not available; however, the county
agents estimated that the traffic on the great majority of these roads would be
minimal and would be proportional to the population in the immediate vicinity.
Accordingly, ADT values ranging from <10 to 200 were assigned to all unpaved
roads, based on the population density distribution.
The following empirical equation is given in AP-42, for estimating
emission factors (lbs/vehicle-mile) for unpaved road emissions of particles
£ 30 ym:
,S . ,365-W,
EF - 0.49 s <3q) (-365-)
where s is the silt content of road surface material (%), S is the vehicle
average speed (mph) and W is the number of days with precipitation _> 0.01
inches.
Using the following parameters.
s - 15%, crushed rock
S = 30 mph
W = 120
EF = 0.49 x 15 (||) (363652°) = 4'93 iWvehicle-mile
Unpaved roads data and particulate emissions from this source category are
shown on Tables XX-1 and XX-2.
XX-1
-------
B. 1975 EMISSIONS ALLOCATION
Emissions from this source category were allocated in accordance with the
unpaved road vehicle-miles traveled in each subcounty area.
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
There is no rationale available for projecting emissions from unpaved roads.
Traffic on many existing roads will tend to increase and new unpaved roads will
be constructed. However, paving programs will tend to reduce the number of
miles of unpaved roads and such programs give priority to the more heavily
traveled segments. If it is assumed that these two opposite effects are equal,
emissions will remain constant with time. Emission* a,,™, • j
emissions, summarized in Chapter XXXII,
are projected to remain constant.
D. PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION
Projected emissions allocation of this source catesnr,, , .
category were unchanged from
the baseline year.
XX-2
-------
TABLE XX-1
UNPAVED ROADS DATA
1 — ¦¦——
UNPAVED ROAD MILES
' COUNTY
a;
ADT = 11.7
ADT = 100
ADT = 150
ADT = 200
VMT/DAY
Bullitt
131.43
3.46
2.55
14.32
5130.2
Hardin
372.39
1.92
2.22
2.07
5296.0
Henry
128.04
0
0
0
1498.1
Oldham
100.67
8.07
0
0
1984.8
Shelby
38.75
0
0
0
453.4
Spencer
80.35
0
0
0
940.1
Trimble
93.07
0
0
0
1088.9
A mean value for the range 0 - 100 ADT is 11.7 calculated using:
3.3
ADT « # Buildings x (—)
where 3.3 is the number of trips per vehicle per day from AP-42. The value
is divided by two since, for the dead-end roads considered here, the average
trip covers half the length of the road.
TABLE XX-2
1975 UNPAVED ROADS EMISSION SUMMARY
PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
(tons/year)
COUNTY
EF =4.93 lbs/vehicle-mile
Bullitt
4,615.8
Hardin
4,764.9
Henry
1,347.8
Oldham
1,785.8
Shelby
407.9
Spencer
845.8
Trimble
979.7
TY-?
-------
CHAPTER XXI
UNPAVED AIRSTRIPS
This source category, applicable to particulate matter only, considers
emissions from reentrained dust resulting from aircraft operation on unpaved
airstrips. No emission factors are recorded in AP-42. With the exception
of unpaved airstrips located within the Fort Knox reservation, there are no
unpaved airstrips within the study areas. Emissions from Fort Knox are
treated in a following chapter.
XXI-1
-------
CHAPTER XXII
TILLING ACTIVITY
This source category, applicable to particulates only, includes emissions
from reentrained dust resulting from agricultural tilling, plowing and cultiva-
ting of the land. AP-42 provides a method for estimating emission factors.
A. 1975 EMISSION INVENTORY
Information relative to acreage farmed by crop, and number of cultivations
per year, was provided by the county agents. In most of the counties, the no-
tilling method is used on a portion of £he corn and soybeans farmed.
AP-42 suggests the following empirical expression for calculating emission
factors (lbs/acre) for tilling operations for particles £ 30 ym
0.80 x 1.4 s
E ~~ 2
(PE/50)
where s is the silt content of the surface soil, and PE is the Thornwaite
precipitation-evaporation index. Parametric values used in the equation are:
s » 48% (silty loam soil)
PE * 111
EF =* 0.80 x i.'4 x 48= 10.91 lbs/acre
(111/50)
Tilling activity data and emissions from this source category are summarized
in Tables XXII-1 and XXII-2, respectively.
B. 1975 EMISSIONS ALLOCATION
Tilling activity emissions were allocated in accordance with non—
urban/nonforest area.
XXII-1
-------
TABLE XXII-1
1975 ACREAGE TILLED AND NUMBER OF TILLINGS PER YEAR
COUNTY
TOBACCO
ACRES
FARMED
AVERAGE
NO. OF
TILLINGS
(1)
CORN
ACRES
FARMED
AVERAGE
MO. OF
TILLINGS
SOYBEANS
(1)
ACRES
FARMED
AVERAGE
NO. OF
TILLINGS
(1)
SMALL GRAINS
TOTAL
ACRES
FARMED
AVERAGE
NO. OF
TILLINGS
(1)
ACRES
TILLED
Bullitt
Hardin
Henry
Oldham
Shelby
Spencer
Trimble
580
1,850
2,470
660
4,560
1,890
1,520
2
2.5
3
2
4
3
3
3,800
30,800
10,600
8,200
23,400
10,900
3,400
1
1
1
0.9
2
2.1
2
2,700
7,000
700
2,200
2,200
900
3,000
2
2
0.5
0.9
0.8
2.1
1
1,300
6,900
4,000
2,700
8,600
2,000
2,400
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
12,960
^49,425
I
:18,360
I 10,680
75,400
30,450
14,360
(1)
Adjusted to account for not-tilled acreage.
-------
TABLE XXII-2
1975 TILLING ACTIVITY EMISSION INVENTORY
COUNTY
PARTICULATE EMISSIONS
(tons/year)
EF = 10.91 lbs/acre
Bullitt
70.7
Hardin
269.6
Henry
100.2
Oldham
58.3
Shelby
411.3
Spencer
166.1
Trimble
78.3
XXII-3
-------
c. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
Emissions from this source category are projected to change in accordance
with the change in harvested cropland given in Table XV—4. Emissions are sum-
marized in Chapter XXXII.
D. PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION
Projected emissions were allocated in accordance with the projected non-
fores t/nonurban areas.
XXII-4
-------
CHAPTER XXIII
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
This source category, applicable to particulate matter only, includes
dust reentrained from construction sites by the activities of mobile equip-
ment and by wind erosion. Not included are exhaust emissions from construction
equipment. AP-42 suggests an emission factor of 1.2 tons/acre-month of construc-
tion operations.
A. 1975 EMISSION INVENTORY
The emission factor above was developed from experimental data gathered
at Las Vegas, Nevada. It is said to "apply to operations with
o Medium activity level,
o Moderate silt content (-30%).
o Semiarid climate (PE = 50).
The emission factor may be modified to more adequately represent the climatic
and soil conditions in the study area. On an annual basis
ck4
PE
where C is the climatic factor, W is the windspeed, and PE is the Thornthwaite
precipitation-evaporation index.^ The Louisville emission factor (EF ) may
1-iU
be estimated from the Las Vegas emission factor (EFLV) by
„
eflo " eflv 'peJ (slv>
s is silt content, 48 for the Louisville area find 30 for Las Vegas.
3 2
EF -1.2 (f4) x (fjr) x = 0.30 tons/acre-month.
LO 9 • 7
With the assumption of 50% effectiveness of control by watering during dry
weather and with an exposure period of three months,
EF = 0.30 x 3 x 0.5 x 2,000 = 900 lbs/acre-year.
^Source: Dpyelooment of Emission Factors for Fugitive—Dust Sources.
EPA 450/3-74-037.
XXIH-1
-------
Tables XXIII-1 and XXIII-2 show the method for calculating emissions.
Table XXIII-1 provides an estimate of contract value for three construction
categories; residential, nonresidential building, and nonbuilding for each
county. In Table XXIII-2, contract value for the three source categories
are converted to acres of construction.
An alternative method of estimating acres of construction activity is
available from the data in Table XVI-1 with the following assumptions:
o Residential construction - at 0.25 acres/unit of disturbed land,
half the lot size.
o Road construction - 25% of road construction is for new roads
disturbing 1.5 acres/mile.
These two assumptions plus other construction and sanitary landfill
acreage lead to an estimate of construction acreage also sho»m in Table XXIII-2.
This alternative method results in a total of aqi
•-ax or acres for the seven-county
area as compared to 402 acres for the construct!m
uubtruction employment method. Since
many of the construction employees commute from Loui^n. •„
j-.uuisviiie, it would be ex-
pected that the employment method would result i
111 iow estimates. Therefore,
emissions in Table XXIII-2 were calculated from th* au
°m the alternative estimates of
construction activity acreage.
B. 1975 EMISSION ALLOCATION
Emissions from construction activity were .
0cated by construction site
locations. Where construction site loca#--f„,,„
, 10Cati°nS Were not available, allocations
were done by population distributions.
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
Emissions from this source category were projected to increase in accordance
with construction employment projections. Projected emissions are summarized
in Chapter XXXII.
D. PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION
Projected emissions were allocated in accordance with the projected popula-
tion change.
XXIII-2
-------
TABLE XXIII-1
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY CALCULATIONS
COUNTY
CONTRACT
CONSTRUCTION
EMPLOYMENT ^
CONTRACT VALUE (106
S)(2)
RESIDENTIAL
NON-RESIDENTIAL
NON-BUILDING
TOTAL
Bullitt
86
0.96
0.76
0.96
2.7
Hardin
339
3.80
3.01
3.81
10.6
Henry
62
0.70
0.55
0.70
2.0
Oldham
294
3.29
2.61
3.31
9.2 |
Shelby
190
2.13
1.69
2.14
6.0
Spencer
21
0.24
0.19
0.24
0.8
Trimble
26
0.28
0.23
0.29
0.8
(3)
STATE
total
49,510
521
413
523
1,457
^ Source: County Business Patterns, 1974 (latest issue available).
^ Apportioned from State totals in accordance with contract construction
employment.
(3) Source: Statistical Abstracts, 1976.
XXHI-3
-------
TABLE XXIII-2
1975 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY EMISSION SUMMARY
Acres of
Construction
Factor^
(Acre/106$)
Bullitt
Hardin
Henry
Oldham
Shelby
Spencer
Trimble
Residential
8.0
7.7
30.4
5.6
26.3
17.0
1.9
2.2
Nonresidential
2.7
2.1
8.1
1.5
7.0
4.6
0.5
0.6
Nonbuilding
25.0
24.0
95.3
17.5
82.8
53.5
6.0
7.3
TOTAL (acres)
33.8
133.8
24.6
116.1
75.1
8.4
10.1
| TOTAL (acres)
102.0
141.4
28.6
133.0
63.3
14.4
8.4
| Emissions
I (tons/yr)
45.9
63.6
12.9
59.9
28.5
6.5
3.8
^ Source: Development of Emission Factors for Fugitive Dust Sources, EPA 450/3-74-037.
-------
CHAPTER XXIV
WIND BLOWN DUST
This source category applies to dust lost from temporary aggregate
storage piles. It does not include permanent storage facilities associated
with stone and sand and gravel quarrying operations, or hot-mix asphalt and
concrete batching plants, which are contained in the point source inventory.
Most significant temporary aggregate storage piles accompany large highway
or industrial construction projects. None of these were reported in 1975
by highway authorities or local planning agencies- Emissions from this
source category were negligible.
XXIV-1
-------
CHAPTER XXV
PAVED ROADS
This source category includes particulate emissions associated with dirt
on paved roads and excludes particulates generated by tire wear which are
included in Chapter X. Emission factors for this category are not available
in AP-42.
A. 1975 EMISSION INVENTORY
Two particulate emission factors were developed for this source category
in the LAQMP: 1.17 g/VMT, based on a Seattle study, and 0.97 g/VMT, based on
a Chicago study.^ A growing body of evidence indicates that both of these
factors are too small and that the real value lies between 2.0 and 6.0 g/VMT,
depending upon street cleaning efficiency and the condition of road shoulders.
Experience in Louisville indicated a v^lue of 2.5 g/VMT to be appropriate,
(2)
based upon the results of the model calibration. This value was used for
the calculations in this study area.
VMT, by county, from Chapter X and emissions from paved roads are summarized
in Table XXV-1.
TABLE XXV-1
1975 PAVED ROAD EMISSION SUMMARY
COUNTY
106 VMT
EMISSIONS (tons/year)
Bullitt
314
864.8
Hardin
558
1,536.3
Henry
107
294.6
Oldham
122
335.9
Shelby
233
641.5
Spencer
28
77.1
Trimble
35
96.4
The two studies referenced here are unpublished papers provided to Engineer-
ing-Science by EPA, Region IV.
^ Corroborated by studies in North Carolina and South Carolina.
XXV-1
-------
B. 1975 EMISSION ALLOCATION
Emissions from this source category were allocated in accordance with
the distribution of road vehicle exhaust particulate emissions.
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
Emissions are projected to increase in accordance with the increase in
VMT given in Chapter X. Emissions are summarized in Chapter XXXII.
D. PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION
Projected emissions were allocated in accordance with the projected
distribution of road vehicle exhaust particulate emissions.
XXV-2
-------
CHAPTER XXVI
DRY CLEANING
This source category, applicable to hydrocarbons only, considers
emissions resulting from evaporative solvents used in dry cleaning operations.
Emission factors based on the amount and type of solvent used are found
in AP-42.
A. 1975 EMISSION INVENTORY
A search of the seven counties showed no dry cleaning establishments in
operation in Trimble, Henry or Spencer Counties, and a very small number of
them in the other four counties under study. Further investigation, which
included a mail survey and a follow up by telephone contacts, determined
that, because of the proximity to the Louisville metropolitan area, a
large amount of the cloth to be cleaned in these surrounding counties is
collected locally but sent out to be cleaned at the larger plants in Louis-
ville. For this reason, as well as because of the rural nature of the study
area, dry cleaning operations are a rather small source of hydrocarbon
emissions. Survey results are discussed in Chapter III.
Table XXVI-1 summarizes dry cleaning operating data adjusted to reflect
solvent used by those operators which did not respond or who could not provide
usage. For the latter, adjustment was made by factoring cloth cleaned by the
average solvent usage per ton of cloth obtained from the reporting operators.
Hydrocarbons emissions are the same as solvent usage since all solvent is
eventually evaporated to the air.
B. 1975 EMISSION ALLOCATION
Emissions from this source category were assigned to the grid square
in which the dry cleaning establishment was located.
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
Emissions from this source category are projected to increase in
accordance with population growth. Emissions are summarized in Chapter
XXXII.
XXVI-1
-------
D. PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION
Projected emissions were allocated in accordance with the dry cleaning
establishment locations.
TABLE XXVI-1
1975 DRY CLEANING OPERATING nATA
COUNTY
CLEANING SOLVENT USED (tons/year)
PETROLEUM
blNitiEIIC (PERCHLOROETHYLENE)
TOTAL
(STODDARD)
AVG. CONTROL
UNCONTROLLED
Bullitt
Hardin
Henry
0
62.4
0
0
35.5
0
2.2
0
0
2.2
97.9
0
0
Oldham
0
0
0
Shelby
Spencer
5.5
0
8.2
0
0
0
13.7
0
0
Trimble
0
. 0
0
XXVI-2
-------
CHAPTER XXVII
SURFACE COATING
This source category, applicable to hydrocarbons only, considers
emissions from solvent evaporation resulting from surface coating operations.
Two types of operation are considered; automotive painting in garages or
body shops and trade paint application, oil-based paint and water-borne
paint. Emission factors for oil-based paints are found in AP-42. Emission
factors for water-borne paints can be estimated from the quantity of organic
volatiles in the paint.
Not considered are manufacturing applications of surface coatings,
can coating, automobile assembly, etc., which are included in the point
source inventory.
A. 1975 EMISSION INVENTORY
Automotive Painting. The quantity of automotive paint used in the seven-
county area was determined from the survey results discussed in Chapter III.
Table XXVII-1 summarizes the data collected, adjusted for nonresponding
operators by county. Hydrocarbon emissions from automotive painting are
shown in Table XXVII-2.
TABLE XXVII-1
1975 AUTOMOTIVE PAINTING DATA
COUNTY
TYPE AND AMOUNT OF COATING USED (gal/yr)
ENAMEL
LACQUER
PRIMER
THINNER AND
REDUCER
ENAMEL
LACQUER
Bullitt
364
78
0
168
422
Hardin
3,154
4,676
104
3,410
15,716
Henry
260
156
104
156
832
Oldham
686
671
0
281
1,176
Shelby
236
585
16
288
1,239
Spencer
0
0
0
0
0
Trimble
104
0
12
0
48
XXVII-1
-------
TABLE XXVII-2
1975 AUTOMOTIVE PAINTING EMISSION SUMMARY
COUNTY
HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS
(tons/year)
ENAMEL
EF=840 lbs/ton
LACQUER
EF=1,540 lbs/ton
II
&
w i
PRIMER
320 lbs/ton
THINNER, REDUCER
EF=2,000 lbs/ton
TOTAL
Bullitt
0.6
0.2
0.5
1.5
2.8
Hardin
5.4
15.5
10.7
56.6
88.2
Henry ,
0.4
0.5
0.8
3.0
4.7
Oldham
1.2
2.2
0.8
4.2
8.4
Shelby
0.4
1.9
0.9
4.5
7.7
Spencer
0
0
0
0
0
Trimble
0.2
0
0.1
0.2
0.5
In converting the volume units in Table XXVII-1 to weight units, the following density factors
were used:
Enamel:
Lacquer:
Enamel primer:
Lacquer primer:
Thinner and reducer:
8.1 lbs/gal
8.6 lbs/gal
11.0 lbs/gal
9.2 lbs/gal
7.2 lbs/gal
-------
Trade Paint Application. This subcategory refers to paint, enamel, varnish
etc., used by individuals and contractors for exterior and interior surface
coating. The National Paint and Coating Association provided an estimate of
average trade paint usage for 1975. On a national basis, this average is 2.1
gallons/person of which 45% is water-borne paint and 55% oil-based paint.^
Trade paint usage based on these national figures is summarized in Table XXVII-3.
TABLE XXVI1-3
1975 TRADE PAINT CONSUMPTION
(103 gal/yr)
COUNTY
POPULATION
WATER-BORNE
OIL-BASE
Bullitt
33,642
31.8
38.9
Hardin
46,360
43.8
53.5
Henry
11,532
10.9
13.3
Oldham
18,651
17.6
21.5
Shelby
20,126
19.0
23.2
Spencer
5,372
5.1
6.2
Trimble
5,683
5.4
6.6
An emission factor of 1120 lbs/ton of paint from AP-42 can be applied
to calculate emissions from oil-based paints. Emission factors for water-
borne paint were estimated from information provided by the Paint, Varnish
and Laquer Association. The volatile section of water-borne paint is 25 to
50% (35% weighted average) by weight of the paint. Of this, 5 to 20% (15%
weighted average) are volatile organics. An emission factor of 5.25^ by
weight of water-borne paint results. Hydrocarbon emissions from trade paint
application are summarized in Table XXVII—4.
^Calculations from data in the 1972 Census of Manufacturers, Paints and
Allied Products, indicate 2.04 gal/person, 48% water-borne.
XXVH-3
-------
TABLE XXVII-4
1975 TRADE PAINT EMISSION SUMMARY
(tons/year)
COUNTY
1
WATER-BORNE j
OIL-BASE
TOTAL
EF = 5.25%
EF = 1120 lbs/ton
Bullitt
7.1
141.6
148.7
Hardin
9.8
194.7
204.5
Henry
2.4
48.4
50.8
Oldham
3.9
78.3
82.2
Shelby
4.2
84.4
88.6
Spencer
1.1
22.6
23.7
Trimble
1.2
24.0
25.2
In converting volume units in Table XXVII-3 to weight units, the
following density factors were used:
Water-borne paint: 8.5 lbs/gal
Oil-based paint: 13.0 lbs/gal
B- 1975 EMISSION ALLOCATION
Emissions from this source category were allocated to subcounty areas
in accordance with population distribution.
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
Emissions from this source category were projected to increase in
accordance with population growth. Emissions are summarized in Chapter XXXII.
D. PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION
Projected emissions were allocated to subcounty areas in accordance with
population distribution.
XXVII-4
-------
CHAPTER XXVIII
PETROLEUM STORAGE
This source category, applicable to hydrocarbons only, includes evapora-
tive losses associated with the storage of liquid organics in large vessels
at oil fields, refineries and distribution terminals. In the study area,
emissions from petroleum storage have been included in the point source
inventory. There are no additional emissions from this category to be included
as area sources.
XXVIII-1
-------
CHAPTER XXIX
MARKETING OF PETROLEUM
This source category, applicable to hydrocarbons only, considers
emissions resulting from motor vehicle refueling and underground gasoline
storage at service stations. Storage emissions include loading losses and
breathing losses. Vehicle refueling emissions are due to vapor displace-
ment from the automobile tank and to spillage. Emission factors, based
on the annual throughput and the tank-filling method, are found in AP-42.
Factors are provided for each of the underground tank filling and vehicle
refueling operations. These were combined as shown in Table XXIX-1 to
obtain a single factor.
TABLE XXIX-1
EMISSION FACTORS FOR GASOLINE MARKETING
EMISSION FACTOR (lbs/103 gal)
EMISSION SOURCE
SPLASH LOADING
SUBMERGED LOADING :
Storage:
Underground tank loading
11.5
7.3
Tank breathing
1.0
1.0
Vehicle refueling:
Vapor displacement
9.0
9.°
Spillage
0.7
0.7
TOTAL
22.2
18.0
A. 1975 EMISSION INVENTORY
A mail survey of all gasoline stations was conducted to determine the
•volume of gasoline sold, the type of loading operations used and other related
XXIX-1
-------
parameters. Only 11% of the service station operators responded after an
extensive follow-up by telephone. The survey was considered to be inadequate,
and the information obtained from the gasoline distributing companies was
used for the inventory. Gasoline sales by the one company that did not report
this information were estimated from the number of pumps operated and the
average throughput per pump calculated from the other, responding companies.
Table XXIX-2 summarizes the 1975 gasoline sales by county from the
distributing companies survey. Hydrocarbon emissions from this source cate-
gory are given in Table XXIX-3.
B. 1975 EMISSION ALLOCATION
Emissions were allocated in accordance with service station locations.
TABLE XXIX-2
1975 GASOLINE MARKETING DATA
COUNTY
1975 THROUGHPUT BY TYPE OF LOADING
(103 gal)
SPLASH LOADING
SUBMERGED LOADING
Bullitt
217
6,377
Hardin
415
12,408
Henry
0
1,508
Oldham
283
4,032
Shelby
0
2,946
Spencer
132
812
Trimble
0
989
1
^ The 1975 throughput for splash and submerged loadings were obtained
from gasoline distributing companies.
XXIX-2
-------
TABLE XXIX-3
1975 GASOLINE MARKETING EMISSION SUMMARY
COUNTY
HYDROCARBON
EMISSIONS (tons/year
SPLASH LOADING
EF« 22.2 lbs/103gal
SUBMERGED LOADING
EF= 18.0. lbs/103gal
i
TOTAL
Bullitt
| Hardin
| Henry
Oldham
Shelby
Spencer
Trimble
!
2.4
4.6
o
3,1 1
0 1
1
1.5
0
57.4
111.7
13.6
36.3
26.5
7.3
8.9
59.8
116.3
13.6
39.4
26.5
8.8
8.9
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
Projected emissions from this sourpp
b source category are dependent upon three
factors:
o Projected VKT growth.
o Increased fuel efficiency of future automobile models,
o Age distribution of vehicles.
It is difficult to assess the effect of these factors in view of the current
national debate on energy policy. Gasoline fuel usage has increased about 5%
from 1975 to 1977. The stated policy of the President is to reduce this in-
crease to 1%/year through 1985 with a further decrease after that. A best
estimate of gasoline usage, based on the 1975 to 1977 increase and the policy,
relative to the 1975 baseyear is as follows:
o 1980 - 8% increase over 1975
o 1985 - 13% increase over 1975
o 1995 18% increase over 1975
XXIX-3
-------
Emissions from marketing of petroleum are projected to increase at those
rates and are summarized in Chapter XXXII.
D. PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION
Projected emissions were allocated in proportion to the baseline year
distribution.
XXIX-4
-------
CHAPTER XYY
ASPHALT PA T/Twr
from the use of petrol™ di«iu«le ^ hydr°Carb°n e°lsslons onl>'' "sults
Emulsified asphalts do "> ^ — — —
Emissions from cutback asohalf-
f , . y with the type of cutback. The three
types of cutback; Slow Cure, Medium r
-><-<*, J., „ , ure' anc* Rapid Cure; each have an average
of 35t diluents but varying percentages of th. , , ...
- . , . s s or the volatile section. Emission
factors were derived as the product of m,
. the diluent portion and the volatile
section from information provided by the A^t, i T
y ne Asphalt Institute.
For the three types of cutback, emission f «.
ussion factors are as follows:
SI0" Cure - 8.75% by weight
Medium Cure - 19.252 by weight
Rapid Cure - 24.5% by weight
A. 1975 EMISSION INVENTORY
The amount of cutback used In asphalt paving by county was provided by
the Kentucky DOT. These data are summarized in Table m-1.
TABLE XXX-1
1975 CUTBACKS USED IN ASPHALT PAVTwr:
COUNTY
RAPID
CURE
MEDIUM CURE
TACK COAT
(tons/year)
SEAL COAT
(tons/year)
LINSEED OIL
(tons/year)
PRIME COAT
(tons/year.)
Bullitt
60.6
79.2
1.1
39.3
Hardin
102.0
10.6
1.4
149.2
Henry
98.7
79.0
0.9
3.2
Oldham
55.1
24.9
0
0
Shelby
27.5
19.8
0
0
Spencer
0
0
0
22.4
Trimble
5.8
0
..
0
55.4
XXX-1
-------
Emissions resulting from asphalt cutbacks are shown in Table XXX-2.
TABLE XXX-2
1975 ASPHALT PAVING EMISSION SUMMARY
HYDROCARBON
EMISSIONS
(tons/ye
»ar)
COUNTY
RAPID
CURE
MEDIUt
1 CURE
TOTAL
TACK COAT
SEAL COAT
LINSEED OIL
PRIME COAT
Bullitt
14.8
19.4
0.2
7.6
42.0
Hardin
25.0
2.6
0.3
28.7
56.6
Henry
24.2
19.4
0.2
0.6
44.4
Oldham
13.5
6.1
0
0
19.6
Shelby
6.7
4.9
0
0
11.6
Spencer
0
0
0
4.3
4.3
Trimble
1.4
0
0
10.7
12.1
B. 1975 EMISSION ALLOCATION
Emissions from this source category were allocated in accordance with VMT.
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
Emissions are projected to increase in accordance with the growth in VMT
shown in Chapter X. Emissions are summarized in Chapter XXXII.
D. PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION
Projected emissions from asphalt paving were allocated in accordance
with the projected VMT growth.
XXX-2
-------
CHAPTER XXXI
FORT KNOX
A. 1975 EMISSIONS INVENTORY
The Fort Knox Reservation cannot be treated in the same manner as the
civilian counties and communities have been treated in the preceding chapters.
Although Fort Knox is a "city" having emission sources like those of civilian
cities, it also has a wide variety of sources which are unique to military
bases. Even the sources common to civ-Mnar. ~-i.--.-~ j --i-,. i.
I-U clvi-Lian cities and military bases must
be considered differently due to the fact that source data is more available
in the military community, and, consequently, the inventory for the military
base is more complete. A comparison of emissions from Fort Knox and from any
of the counties is not warranted. For instance, the Fort Knox data permitted
an estimate of particulate emissions from wind erosion of exposed soil.
No such estimate was possible for the remainder of the study area.
The Directorate of Facility Engineers, Environmental and Energy Control
Office was extremely cooperative in providing source data and the oppor-
tunity to meet with military representatives of the various training commands.
In general, the source data used to estimate the Fort Knox emissions is of
much higher quality than the data appearing in the preceding chapters. How-
ever, for national security reasons, the Environmental and Energy Control
Office has requested that some of the detailed source data used to calculate
the emissions reported in this chapter be excluded from the text. Table XXXI-1
provides a partial listing of data made available for this analysis.
Emission factors for some of the military sources, such as artillery
range impacts, low level helicopter operations, and movement of tanks, are
not available in AP-42 or other documents. In these cases, subjective data
were obtained from officers of various training commands, which allowed
reasonable estimates of emissions. As an example, emission rates for direct
(1)Contact is Mr. Duane Nelson, DFAE, Building 77, Fort Knox, Kentucky, 40121
XXXI-1
-------
TABLE XXXI-1
DATA AVAILABLE FROM FORT KNOX
Oil-post military and dependent population
On-post military and dependent housing
Off-post military and base employed civilian population by place
of residence
Land use maps including military training areas
Total base heating fuels by type
Total base fuel use for vehicles and aviation
Fuel use by point sources
Construction equipment fuel use
Small gasoline engines
Fuel storage capacity
Total use of solvents
Total use of paints
On-post registration of privately owned vehicles
Aviation and Armor training data
Military vehicle data (mileage, speeds, track size, road types
used)
Miles of roads maintained by type (excluding tank trails)
Artillery and non-artillery rounds expended
Explosives used by type
Classified waste and pathological incineration
Boiler and process point source data
Quarry throughput
Sanitary landfill throughput
Smoke and fire training
Open burning
Range, vehicle, and building fire losses
Acreage tilled
Acreage exposed to wind erosion
XXXI-2
-------
fire tank-defeating rounds were computed by taking part of the mass of
earth ejected from the impact crater. A small fraction^ was selected, as
weapons experts indicated that the targets are very rarely obscured by ground
impacts. Other factors considered in this example include dust generation by
(2) (3)
gun recoil and use of nonexploding practice rounds. Table XXXI-2
lists the total emissions for Fort Knox.
B. 1975 EMISSIONS ALLOCATION
Fort Knox emissions were allocated by activity in accordance with the
land use overlay on the 1:50,000 Fort Knox contour map. For example, emissions
due to artillery impacts were allocated to the impact area.
C. PROJECTED EMISSION INVENTORY
Fort Knox authorities anticipate no change in the post population or
activity level. Emissions are projected to remain constant except for those
related to road vehicle exhaust which are projected to decrease.
D. PROJECTED EMISSION ALLOCATION
Projected emissions allocations were unchanged from the baseline year.
(1)For example, a .025 factor appears in Development of Emission Factors
for Fugitive Dust Sources, USEPA, 1974, in reference to wind erosion
losses measured as suspended particulate.
^^Recoil-generated dust varies with gun elevation and is controlled by
surface wetting (dust slows the rate of fire along a firing line).
^These rounds create a different crater shape than high explosive rounds.
-------
TABLE XXXI-2
EMISSIONS SUMMARY FOR FORT KNOX KENTUCKY
SOURCE
EMISSIONS
(tons/year)
CATEGORY
PARTICULATES
SULFUR
DIOXIDE
CARBON
MONOXIDE
HYDRO-
CARBONS
NITROGEN
OXIDES
Space Heating^
41.1
140.3
24.8
8.5
326.2
Incineration
0.1
0
0.1
0
0
Vehicle Exhaust
51.7
33.1
3,960.6
566.2
496.2
Aircraft Exhaust
9.5
6.7
605.7
73.1
21.0
Small Point Sources
431.2
0
0
0
8.0
Structural Fires
0.1
0
0.9
0.2
0
Wild Forest Fires
23.0
0
189.0
32.4
5.4
Off Road
(Tracked Vehicle)
7,228.0
0
0
0
0
Off Road
(Wheeled Vehicle)
1,196.0
0
0
0
0
Wind Erosion
260.0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
3.3
0
0
0
0
Construction
Activity
260.0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
77.7
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
0
0
0
98.3
0
Surface Coating
0
0
0
52.5
0
Petroleum Storage
and Marketing
0
0
0
32.7
0
Artillery
46.0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
9,627.7
180.1
4,781.1
863.9
856.8
^Includes all space heating fuels normally separated by residential, commercial/
institutional, and industrial classes.
(2)
Includes emissions from railroad locomotives, vessels, small gasoline engines,
agricultural equipment, and construction equipment in addition to total vehicle
exhaust emissions.
XXXI-4
-------
CHAPTER XXXII
EMISSIONS SUMMARY
Tables XXXII-1 through XXXII-5 are summaries of county-wide emissions
by source category for the baseline year 1975. Tables XXXII-6 through XXXII-10,
Tables XXXII-11 through XXXII-15, and Tables XXXII-16 through XXXII-20
summarize emissions by source category for the projection years 1980, 1985,
and 1995, respectively. Finally, Table XXXII-21 is a summary of county-wide
emissions by pollutant for all years. County-wide emissions by pollutant for
Jefferson, Floyd, and Clark Counties have been taken from Appendix B.
The reader should be aware that such variables as spatial distribution,
seasonal emission rates, and emission release parameters, as well as the mass
emission rate, affect the ambient air quality at any given point. Consequently,
one should draw conclusions about ambient air quality impact from the data
presented in the following tables only after further analysis.
XXXII-1
-------
TABLE XXXI1-1
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1975 - PARTICULATES (tons/year)
I
ho
SOURCE CATEGORY
BUIXITT
HARDIN
HENRY
OIJMIAM
SI1HI.BY
SPENCER
TRIMBLE
Residential Fuel
91.7
100.6
35.1
47.8
68.2
18.9
16.5
Commercial/institutional Fuel
3.8
15.8
1-9
2.8
15.1
0.7
1.3
Industrial Fuel
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-Site Incineration
7.1
11. 9
2.8
4.3
5.2
1.1
1.1
Open Hurtling
42.7
61.1
14.1
CO
r»»
26.2
6.5
6.5
Highway Vehicles
"254.8
452. 1
84.2
98. 3
182.8
21.8
25.8
Aircraft
0
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
Ral 1 road Locomotives
13.6
19.9
6.5
4.5
14.7
0
0
VesseJ a
1.2
0
0
9.5
0
0
11.9
Small Caroline Engines
0.6
0.8
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
Agricultural Equipment
6.8
36.3
24.1
21.3
25.4
14.2
3.0
Construction Equipment
1.4
2.0
0.5
1.6
1.1
0.3
0.2
Siuall Point Sources
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
6.0
0.7
0.5
0.2
1.6
0.1
0
Wild Foreat Fires
7.0
7.5
0
0.4
0.3
0
0
Unpaved Koads
4,615.8
4,764.9
1,347.8
1,785.8
407.9
845.8
979.7
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
70. 7
269.6
3 00.2
58.3
411.3
166.1
78.3
Construction Activity
45.9
63.6
12.9
59.9
28.5
6.5
3.8
Wind Blown Oust
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Koads
864.5
J ,536.3
294.6
335.9
641.5
77. J
96.4
Dry Cleaning
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
0
J)
0
_0___
0
0
0
TOTAI. J
6,033.6
7, 34 3.6
],925.4
2,458.7
1,830.1
1,159.2
1,224.6
-------
TABLE XXXII-2
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1975 - SULFUR DIOXIDE (tons/year)
M
I
to
SOURCE CATEGORY
Residential Fuel
Cowinerci;) 1 / 1 nalimttonal Fuel
industrial Fuel
On-SiLe incineration
Open Burning
Illgliwuy Vehicles
Alrcruft
Railroad Locomotives
Vessels
Small Caaoline Engines
Agricultural Equipment
Construct lou Equipment
Small Point Sources
Structural Fires
Wild Forest Fires
Unpaved Koads
l/npaved Airstrips
Tilling Activity
Construction Activity
Wind Blown Dust
Paved Roads
Dry Cleaning
Surface Coating
Petroleum Storage
Marketing of Petroleum
Asphalt Vavlng
TOTAL
BULLITT
178.8
16.5
0
2.3
2.7
141.2
0
31.0
0.3
0.2
4.6
1.8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
379.4
HARDIN
244.9
68.5
0
1.8
3.8
248.0
0.3
45.3
0
0. 3
24.8
2.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
642.0
HENRY
125.4
tt.l
0
o.y
0.9
46.5
0
14.7
0
0. I
16.4
0.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
213.7
OLDHAM
177.5
12.2
0
1 .4
1.7
56.4
0
10.3
2.8
0.1
14.5
2.0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(>_
278.9
SHEl-BY
232.3
96.3
0
1.7
1.6
102.8
0
24.0
0
0.1
17.2
1.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
477.2
Sl'ENCER
64.3
2.9
0
0.3
0.4
11.3
0
0
0
0
9.7
0.4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
89.3
TRIMBLE
58.7
8.4
0
0.4
0.4
12.4
0
0
3.6
0
2.0
0.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
86.2
-------
TABLE XXXII-3
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1975 - CARBON MONOXIDE (tons/year)
I
4^
SOURCE CATEGORY
UUI.LITT
IIARD IN
IIENRY
OLDllAM
SHELBY
SPENCER
TRIMBLE
Residential Fuel
360.9
404.0
146.1
198.9
289.0
78.2
67.1
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
5.0
20.6
2.4
3.7
14.5
0.9
1.2
Industrial Fuel
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-Site Incineration
10.0
16.8
4.0
6.0
7.4
1.5
1.6
Open Burning
226.6
324.7
74.8
147.6
139.1
34.6
34.7
Highway Vehicles
17,368.2
32,541.2
5,826.4
6,404.1
11,926.9
1,925.6
1,746.0
Aircraft
0
178.1
0
0
0
0
0
Railroad Locomotives
70.7
103.4
33.5
23.4
76.5
0
0
Vessels
26.0
0
0
203.8
0
0
253.9
Small Gasoline Engines
152.8
210.5
52.4
84.7
91.4
24.4
25.8
Agricultural Equipment
592.8
906.1
600.5
957.6
2,205.6
893.8
756.1
Construction Equipment
62.7
157.2
80.0
63.5
98.4
43.7
35.9
Small Point Sources
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
17.5
2.2
1.6
0.7
4.7
0.3
0.1
Uild Forest Fires
57.1
61.3
0
3.2
2.7
0
0
Unpuved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
llnpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wind llloun Dust
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Asphalt 1'avlng
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
18,950. 3
34,926.1
6,821.7
8,097.2
14,856.2
3,003.0
2,922.4
-------
TABLE XXXIX-A
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1975 -HYDROCARBONS (tons/year)
M
Ul
SOURCE CATEGORY
BULLITT
HARDIN
HENRY
OLDHAM
SHELBY
SPENCER
TRIMBLE
Residential Fuel
275.3
242.6
48.4
65.4
98.5
27.7
36.8
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
1.7
7.0
0.8
1.2
4.0
0.3
0.3
Industrial Fuel
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-Site Incineration
3. 8
6.4
1.5
2.3
2.8
0.6
0.6
Open Hunting
80.0
114.6
26.4
52.1
49.1
12.2
12.2
Highway Vehicles
3,221.9
5,898.1
1,079.0
1,205.7
2,261.1
327.5
349.2
Aircraft
0
6.1
0
0
0
0
0
Railroad Locomotives
51.1
74.7
24.3
16.9
55.3
0
0
Vesaela
8.9
0
0
69.4
0
0
86.6
Small Casollne Engines
21.5
29.7
7.4
11.9
12.9
3.4
3.6
Agricultural Equipment
48.8
123.9
81.4
80.3
167.5
74.1
49.5
Construction Equipment
4.4
9.3
4.3
4.6
5.7
2.4
1.8
Small Point Sources
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
1.4
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.4
0
0
Uild Forest Fires
9.8
10.5
0
0.5
0.5
0
0
Unpaved koada
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wind Ulowu Dust
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
2.2
97.9
0
0
13.7
0
0
Surface Coating
151.5
292.7
55.5
90.6
96.3
23.7
25.7
Petroleum Storage
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
59.8
116. 3
13.6
39.4
26.5
8.8
8.9
Asphalt Paving
42.0
56.6
44.4
19.6
11.6
4.3
12.1
TOTAL
1,98/.. 1
7,086.6
3 , 387. 1
1,660.0
2,805.9
485.0
58/. 3
-------
TABLE XXXII-5
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1975 - NITROGEN OXIDES (tons/year)
I
cr\
SOURCE CATECORY
BULLITT
IIARDIN
IIENRY
OLDHAM
SHELBY
SPENCER
TRIMBLE
Residential Fuel
99.0
110.0
27.1
43.6
46.1
13.1
17.4
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
21./.
88.7
10.6
15.8
38.0
3.7
2.8
Industrial Fuel
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-Slte Incineration
2.6
4.4
1.1
1.6
1.9
0.4
0.4
Open Burning
16.0
22.9
5.3
10.4
9.8
2.4
2.4
Highway Vehicles
2,437.2
4,298.0
810.7
932.3
1 ,745.7
202.0
256.2
Aircraft
0
1.1
0
0
0
0
0
Railroad Locomotives
201.1
294.2
95.5
66.6
217.7
0
0
Vessels
3.2
0
0
25.7
0
0
32.1
Small Gasoline Engines
2. 1
2.9
0.7
1.2
1.2
0.3
0.4
Agricultural Equipment
66.5
289.7
191.9
182.0
247.3
128.5
43.4
Construction Equipment
24.1
33.1
10.0
27.7
18.0
5.2
3.2
Small Point Sources
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
0.7
0.1
0.1
0
0.2
0
0
Uild Forest Fires
1.6
1.7
0
0.1
0.1
0
0
Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Mind Blown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Koads
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
2,875.5
5,146.8
1.153.0
1,307.0
2,326.0
355.6
358.3
-------
TABLE XXXII-6
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1980 - PARTICULATES (tons/year)
i
SOURCE CATEGORY
BULLITT
HARDIN
HENRY
OLUIIAM
SHELBY
Sl'ENCER
TRIMBLE
Residential Fuel
98.1
100.7
29.6
41.7
-J
GO ;
16.1
15.2
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
2.4
9.4
1.1
1.7
6.0
0.4
0.5
Industrial Fuel
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-Site Incineration
12.0
12.7
3.7
6.7
6.1
1.4
1.3
Open Burning
54.2
74.9
15.4
35.8
28.6
7.0
7.0
Highway Vehicles
214.3
379.7
68.3
82.1
153.8
17.3
20.4
Aircraft
0
0.6
0
0
0
0
0
Railroad l.ocoiuotlvea
17.7
25.9
8.5
5.9
19.1
0
0
Vessels
1.2
0
0
9.6
0
0
12.0
Small Gasoline Engines
0.7
1.0
0.2
¦„ °-*
0.4
0.1
0.1
Agricultural Equipment
6.3
33.7
25.9
19.7
27.3
15.3
3.2
Construction Equipment
2.2
2.1
0.7
2.1
1.1
0.3
0.3
Small l'olnt Sources
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
2.7
3.7
0.8
1.5
1.4
0.4
0.4
Wild Forest Fires
2.4
3.3
2.3
1.5
3.1
1.5
1.2
Unpaved Roads
4,615.8
4,764.9
1,347.8
1,785.8
407.9
845.8
979.7
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
65.6
250.0
107.7
54.1
442.1
178.6
84.2
Construction Activity
73.6
67.8
19.0
80.0
29.3
6.5
5.6
Vllnd Mown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
l'aved Roada
951.0
1.6H9.9
324.1
369.5
705.7
84.8
106.0
Dry Cleaning
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1'etroleuni Storage
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Fetroleum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Asphalt l'avlng
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
6,120.2
7,420.3
2,155.1
2.498.1
1,889.7
1,175.5
1,237.1
-------
AREA SOURCE
TABLE XXXII-7
KMTSSIONS SUMMARY 1980 - SULFUR DIOXIDE (tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
BULLITT
IIARDIN
HENRY
0 LOU AM
SHELBY
SPENCER
TRIMBLE
Residential Fuel
160.9
212.7
105.2
151.8
191.7
53.6
53.0
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
18.1
69.1
8.4
13.2
96.8
3.0
8.4
Industrial Fuel
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-Slte Incineration
3.8
4.1
1.2
2.2
1.9
0.5
0.4
Open Burning
3.4
4.7
1.0
2.2
1.8
0.4
0.4
Highway Vehicles
155.6
273.8
48.2
61.2
113.2
11.7
13.0
Aircraft
0
0.4
0
0
0
0
0
Railroad I.ocowotlvea
40.3
58.9
19.1
13.4
31.2
0
0
Vessels
0.3
0
0
2.8
0
0
3.6
Small Gasoline Engines
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0
0
Agricultural Equipment
A.3
23.0
17.6
13.4
18.5
10.4
2.2
Construction Equipment
2.9
2.5
1.0
2.7
1.2
0.4
0.4
Small I'olnt Sources
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wild Forest Fires
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wind Blown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I'aved Koiids
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petrpleum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3«9.9
649.5"
201.8
263.0
456.4
80.0
81 .4
TOTAI,
-------
AREA SOURCE
EMISSIONS
TABLE XXXII-8
SUMMARY 1980 - CARBON MONOXIDE (tons/year)
SOURCE CATEC0RY
Residential Fuel
Couunerclal/lnstl cutlonal Fuel
Industrial Fuel
On-Slte Incineration
Open Burning
Highway Vehicles
Aircraft
Railroad locomotives
Vessels
Small Caaoliite Engines
Agricultural Equipment
Construction Equipment
Small I'oint Sources
Structural Fires
Wild Forest Fires
Unpaveti Roads
Unsaved Airstrips
Tilling Activity
Construction Activity
Wind ttlovm Dust
Paved Roads
Dry Cleaning
Surface Cauting
Vetroleum Storage
Marketing of Petroleum
Asphalt Paving
TOTAL
BULLITT
382.6
5.2
0
16.9
28?.8
U.81H.2
0
91.9
28.4
189.9
549.7
100.6
0
8.0
19.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
16,498.6
HARDIN
HENRY
OLDIIAM
SHELBY
SPENCEH
TRIMBLE
398.5
121.5
170.3
241.7
65.5
60.5
20.6
2.5
3.8
14.6
0.9
1.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
17.9
5.2
9.5
8.5
2.0
1.8
397.9
81.9
190.0
151.7
37.4
37.4
27,958. t
4,961.0
5,408.8
10,168.3
1,668.3
1,486.1
271.6
0
0
0
0
«
134.4
43.6
30.4
99.5
0
0
0
0
222.8
0
0
277.5
263.2
55.7
106.6
I.
98.7
25.6
27.6
840.2
645.5
887.9
2,371.0
960.8
812.8
167.6
118.0
84.8
101.3
43.7
52.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
11.1
2.4
4.5
4.2
1.1
1.2
26.8
18.9
12.0
25,0
12.6
9.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
30,507.9
0
6,056.2
0
7,131.4
0
13,284.5
0
2,818.3
0
2,768.1
-------
TABLE
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY
XXXII-9
1980 - HYDROCARBONS (tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
BULLITT
IIARDIN
1IENRY
OLDHAM
SHELBY
SPENCER
TRIMBLE
Residential Fuel
327.2
279.0
43.7
64.3
90.7
25.5
36.8
Comiierclal/Instltutlonal Fuel
1.7
7.0
0.8
1.3
4.0
0.3
0.3
Industrial Fuel
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-Site Incineration
6.5
6.9
2.0
3.6
3.3
0.8
0.8
Open Burning
101.6
140.4
28.9
67.1
53.5
13.2
13.2
Highway Vehicles
2,256.8
4,163.1
759.0
839.3
1,586.3
234.3
242.8
Aircraft
0
9.2
0
0
0
0
0
Railroad Locomotives
66. A
97.1
31.6
22.0
71.9
0
0
Vessels
9.7
0
0
75.8
0
0
94.5
Small Gusollne Engines
26. a
37.1
7.8
15.0
13.9
3.6
3.9
Agricultural Equipment
45.2
114.9
87.5
74.5
180.1
79.7
53.2
Construction Equipment
7.1
9.9
6.3
6.1
5.9
2.4
2.6
Small Point Sources
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
0.6
0.9
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.1
Wild Forest Fires
3. 4
4.6
3.2
2.1
4.3
2.2
1.6
llnpaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wind Mown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Rouds
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
0.2
14.0
0
0
1.3
0
0
Surface Coating
188.3
366.6
59.0
114.1
104.0
25.0
27.5
Petroleum Storage
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
64.6
125.6
14.7
42.6
28.6
9.5
9.6
Asphult Paving
TOTAl.
16.2
62.3
48.8
21.6
12.8
4.7
13.3
3,1 54.8
5,547.0
1,093.5
1,349.8
2,374.4
401 .3
500.2
-------
AREA SOURCE
TABLE XXXII-10
EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1980 - NITROGEN OXIDES (tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
BULLITT
IIARIHN
HENRY
OLDIIAM
SHELBY
SPENCER
TRIMBLE
Residential Fuel
ioa. 7
117.8
27.0
44.'J
45.8
13.0
18.0
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
22.3
89.1
10.7
16.4
38.3
3.8
2.8
Industrial Fuel
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Oil-Site Incineration
4.5
4.7
1.4
2.5
2.3
0.5
0.5
Open Burn]ng
20.3
28.1
5.8
13.4
10. 7
2.6
2.6
Highway Vehicles
2,394.4
4,189.8
774.3
191.8
1,723.1
182.6
250.8
Aircraft
0
1.5
0
0
0
0
0
Kail road Locomotives
261 .4
382.5
124.2
86.6
283.0
0
0
Vessels
3.2
0
0
26.0
0
0
32.5
Small Caroline Engines
2.6
3.6
0.8
1.5
1.3
0.3
0.4
Agricultural Equipment
61.7
268.6
206.3
168.8
265.8
138.1
46. 7
Construction Equipment
38.7
15.3
14.8
37.0
18.5
5.2
4.7
Small Point Sources
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
0.3
0.4
0.1
0.2
0.2
0
0
Wild Forest Fires
0.6
0.8
0.5
0.3
0.7
0.4
0.3
0
0
0
Unpaved Koads
0
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wind Ulown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Koads
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
llry Cleaning
0
0
0
. 0
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
0
0
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
Marketing of Petroleum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
TOTAL
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,918.7
5,122.2
1,165.9
1 ,317.4
2,389.7
346.5
359.3
-------
TABLE XXXII-11
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1985 - PARTICULATES (tons/year)
M
I
K>
SOURCE CATEGORY
BULI.ITT
HARDIN
HENRY
OLDHAM
SHELBY
SPENCER
TRIMBLE
Residential Fuel
105.6
104.2
25.5
36.5
49.7
14.4
14.1
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
2.4
9.5
1.1
1.8
6.1
0.4
0.5
Industrial Fuel
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-Slte Incineration
15.6
13.5
4.2
8.1
6.9
1.7
1.5
Open Burning
66.6
90.5
16.7
40.3
31.1
8.0
7.6
lllgliwuy Vehicles
209.5
369.3
68.1
80.7
149.0
15.7
18.1
Aircraft
0
0.8
0
0
0
0
0
Railroad Locomotives
19.4
28.5
9.3
6.4
21.0
0
0
Vessels
1.2
0
0
9.7
0
0
12.2
Small Caroline Engines
0.9
1.2
0.2
0.4
0.4
0.1
0.1
Agricultural Equipment
5.8
31.2
25.9
18.3
27.3
15.3
3.2
Construction Equipment
2.9
2.3
0.9
2.5
1.2
0.3
0.4
Small Point Sources
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
3.2
4.6
0.8
1.7
1.5
0.4
0.4
Wild Forest Fires
2.4
3.3
2.3
1.5
3.1
1.5
1.2
Unpaved Roads
4,615.8
4,764.9
1,347.8
1,785.8
407.9
845.8
979.7
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
60.8
231.8
107.7
50.1
442.1
178.6
84.2
Construction Activity
93.9
71.8
23.3
93.6
31.4
6.5
7.3
Wind 111 own Dust
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
1,037.4
1.843.6
353.5
403.1
769.8
92.5
115.7
Dry Cleaning
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Pelroleun
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
6,243.4
7,151.0
J,987.3
2,540.5
1,948.5
1,181.2
1,246.2
-------
Aft&W>QURCE EMIftSTQflfl
M
M
I
Co
TABLE XXXII-12
SUMMARY 1985 - SULFUR DIOXIDE (tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
Residential Fuel
Buixm
145,2
19.2
0
llARniN
henry
01.D11AM
Couuoerc lu I / Thait totlonal Fuel
Industrial Vuel
186.6
69.8
88. 4
8.6
129.6
13.8
0»-Slte Incineration
0
0
0
burning
Hialiwuy Vehicles
5.0
4.2
4.3
5.7
1.3
1.0
2.6
2 S
Aircraft
170.7
0
299.2
56.0
£- • J
6b. 9
Ra11 road UicumotIves
0.5
U
0
Vessela
Small Casolliie Engines
44.3
0.3
o.:i
4.0
3.7
0
64.8
0
21.0
0
14.7
3.0
Agricultural Equipment
0.4
0.1
0.2
instruction K.^lpaent
21.3
17.6
¦u
12.5
Small Point Sources
2.6
1.3
3.1
Structural Fires
0
0
0
Wild Forest Flrt-a
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Roada
0
0
0
Unpaved Alra trips
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
Wind Blown Dunt
0
0
0
Paved Roads
0
0
0
Ury Cleaning
a
0
0
Surface Coating
0
0
0
0
0
396.9
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
0
0
0
Total
0_
655.2
0
195.3
0_
———__
248.9
SHEI.BY
SPENCER
THIMBU
158.6
45.0
47.6
97.3
3.1
8.4
0
0
0
2.2
0.6
0.5
1.9
0.5
0.5
123.0
12.1
13.2
0
0
0
34.3
0
0
0
0
3.8
0.1
0
0
18.5
10.4
2.2
1.3
0.4
0.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0_
76.8
437.2
72.1
-------
TABLE XXXII-13
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1985 - CARBON MONOXIDE (tons/year)
H
I
SOURCE CATEGORY
BULLITT
IIARDIN
HENRY
OLDIIAM
SHELBY
SPENCER
TRIMBLE
Residential Fuel
409.9
407.9
102.5
146.2
204.8
57.4
55.7
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
5.3
20.7
2.5
3.9
14.6
0.9
1.2
Industrial Fuel
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-SlCe Incineration
22.0
19.0
5.9
11.4
9.7
2.5
2.1
Open Burning
353.8
481.0
88.7
214.2
166.0
42.3
40.2
Highway Vehicles
9,513.8
18,079.5
3,204.2
3,520.2
6,470.7
1,037.5
892.9
Aircraft
0
365.0
0
0
0
0
0
Railroad Locomotives
101.1
147.9
47.9
33.5
109.4
0
0
Vessels
30.8
0
0
241.6
0
0
301.0
Small Gasoline Engines
227.1
323.4
59. 7
119.1
106.6
28.9
29.6
Agricultural Equipment
509.6
779.0
645.5
823.3
2,371.0
960.8
812.8
Construction Equipment
128.2
177.5
144.2
99.2
108.5
43.7
69.0
Small Point Sources
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
9.6
13.7
2.5
5.0
4.5
1.2
1.2
Wild Forest Fires
19.6
26.8
18.9
12.0
25.0
12.6
9.5
Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Mind 111 own Dust
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
l'etroleuw Storage
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
11,330.8
20,841.4
4,322.9
5,229.6
9,590.8
2,187.8
2,215.2
-------
TABLE XXXII-14
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1985 - HYDROCARBONS (tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
vim.i.m
Residential Fuel 1 380. 3
Cownerclal/Tiistltutional Fuel 1 1.8
Industrial Fuel I 0
On-Site Incineration I 8.4
Open Burning I 124.9
Highway Vehicles I 1,210.0
Aircraft I 0
Railroad Locomotives I 73.1
Vessels I 10.5
Siuall Gasoline Engines I 32.0
Agricultural equipment I 42.0
Construction Equipment I 9.0
Small I'olnt Source* j 0
Structural Firea 1 0.8
Mllil Forest Fires I 1.4
Unpaved Koada I 0
Unpuvcd Airstrips I 0
Tilling Activity I 0
Construction Activity I 0
HI nil fit own Dust I 0
Paved Uuads 1 0
Dry Cleaning | 0.3
Surface Coating I 225.1
Petroleum Storage I 0
Marketing of retroleura I 67.6
Asphalt i'avlng I 50.4
TOTAL I 2,242.6
UARR1N
324.2
7.0
0
7.3
169.8
2,260.1
12.2
106.8
0
45.6
106.5
10.5
0
1.1
4.6
0
0
0
0
0
0
17.2
450.5
0
Hi. 4
67.9
1,855.9
HENRY
40.7
0.8
0
2.3
31.3
40B.5
0
34.7
0
8.4
87.5
7.8
0
0.2
3.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
63.3
0
15.4
53.3
757.4
OLDHAM
62.0
1.3
0
4.4
75.6
454.1
0
24.2
82.0
16.8
<>9.0
7.2
0
0.4
2.1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
127.5
0
44.5
23.5
SlIKLRY
994.6
85.4
4.1
0
3.7
58.2
842.6
0
79.1
0
J5.0
lao.i
6.3
0
0.4
4.3
0
0
0
0
0
0
16.0
112.4
0
29.9
13.9
SPENCER
1,451.3
26.0
0.3
0
0.9
14.9
126.3
0
0
0
4.1
79.7
2.4
0
0.1
2.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
28.1
0
9.9
5.2
300.1
390.8
-------
TABLE XXXII-15
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1985 - NITROGEN OXIDES (tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
BULLITT
IIARDIN
IIENRY
OLDHAM
SHELBY
SPENCER
TRIMBLE
Residential Fuel
117.4
125.9
26.7
45.0
45.3
13.2
J8.1
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
23.0
89.5
10.8
16.7
36.6
3.9
2.8
Industrial Fuel
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Oil-Site Incineration
5.8
5.0
1.6
3.0
2.5
0.6
0.6
Open Burning
25.0
34.0
6.3
15.1
11.6
3.0
2.8
Highway Vehicles
2,083.5
3,614.0
688.7
793.1
1 ,484.9
146.2
206.0
Aircraft
0
1.8
0
0
0
0
0
Railroad Locomotives
287.6
420.7
136.6
95.2
311.3
0
0
Vessels
3.3
0
0
26.4
0
0
33.0
Small Gasoline Engines
3.1
4.4
0.8
1.6
1.5
0.4
0.4
Agricultural Equipment
57.2
249.1
206.3
156.5
265.8
138.1
46.7
Construction Equipment
4 9.3
37.4
18.0
43.3
19.9
5.2
6.2
Small Point Sources
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.2
0
0
Wild Forest Fires
0.6
0.8
0.5
0.3
0.7
0.4
0.3
Unpaved Ho nil n
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
llnpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Conntruction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wind Blown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
0
0
0
0
_ 0
0
0
TOTAI.
2,656.2
4.583.1
J*. 096.4
1,196.4
2,182.3
311.0
316.9
-------
TABLE XXXII-16
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1995 - PARTICULATES (tons/year)
H
M
I
I—1
—J
SOURCE CATEGORY
BULLITT
HARDIN
1IKNRY
OLDHAM
SHELBY
SPENCER
TRIMBLE
Residential Fuel
130.1
109.3
19.8
29.7
38.8
11.6
13.0
Couinercla1/Institutional Fuel
2.6
9.5
1.2
1.8
6.1
0.4
0.5
Industrial fuel
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-Slte Incineration
25.0
15.0
5.3
11.3
8.5
2.4
1.9
Open Burning
96.3
113.3
19.6
50.8
36.3
10.1
8.8
Highway Vehicles
243.8
430.5
80.4
96.2
176.2
20.1
22.9
Aircraft
0
1.1
0
0
0
0
0
Railroad Locomotives
23.0
33.6
11.0
7.6
24.8
0
0
Vessels
1.3
0
0
10.0
0
0
12.5
Snail Casollne Engines
1.2
1.5
0.3
0.6
0.5
0.1
0.1
Agricultural Equipment
5.0
26.8
25.9
1 15.7
27.3
15.3
3.2
Construction Equipment
4.4
2.5
1.2
3.3
1.4
0.4
0.6
Small I'olut Sources
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
4.6
5.8
1.0
2.1
1.8
0.5
0.5
Wild Forest Fires
2.4
3.3
2.3
1.5
3.1
1.5
1.2
Unpaved Roada
4,615.8
4,764.9
1,347.8
1,785.8
407.9
845.8
979.7
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
52.3
199.3
107.7
43.1
442.1
178.6
84.2
Construction Activity
144.3
79.9
30.7
124.7
35.5
8.5
11.4
Wind Blown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Koads
1,210.3
2,150.8
412.4
470.3
898.1
107.9
135.0
Dry Cleaning
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
0
q_
0
0
J)
0
0
TIYVA1.
6,562.4
7,947.1
2,066.6
2,654.5
2,108.4
1,203.2
1,275.5
-------
TABLE XXXII-17
.... .nn.™ rmtssioks suw^^mrim mosmSsssshBSSl
M
H
I
H
00
SOURCE CATEGORY
Residential Fuel
Copiuiercial/Institiitlonal Fuel
Industrial Fuel
On-Site Incineration
Open Burning
Highway Vehicles
Aircraft
Railroad Locomotives
Vessels
Small Casoline Engines
AgrlcuJ tural Equipment
Construction Equipment
Small Point Sources
Structural Fires
Wild Forest Fires
Unpaved Roads
Unpaved Airstrips
Tilling Activity
Construction Activity
Wind Blown Dust
Paved Roads
l)ry Cleaning
Surface Coating
Petroleum Storage
Marketing of Petroleum
Asphalt Paving
TOTAL
BULLITT
126.7
21.6
0
8.0
6.0
195.9
0
52.4
0.3
0.4
3.4
5.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
420.4
IIAROIN
149.4
71.0
0
4.8
7.1
347.8
0.8
76.6
0
0.5
18.3
2.9
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
679.2
HENRY
64.7
9.0
0
1.7
1.2
66.3
0
24.8
0
0.1
17.6
1.7
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
o
o
o
o
o
187.1
OLDHAM
98.8
15.0
0
3.6
3.2
80.8
0
17.4
3.1
0.2
10.7
4.2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
237.0
SHELBY
111.8
98.4
0
2.7
2.3
147.1
0
40.6
0
0.2
18.5
1.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
423.1
SPENCER
32.8
3.4
0
0.8
0.6
16.2
0
0
0
0
10.4
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
64. 7
-------
TABLE XXX-18
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1995 - CARBON MONOXIDE (tons/year)
M
I
SOURCE CATEGORY
BULLITT
HARDIN
HENRY
OLDHAM
SHELBY
SPENCER
TRIMBLE
Residential Fuel
503.7
421.6
76.5
114.7
154.4
44.6
49.9
Couuierc 1 al/Ins 11 tut lonal Fuel
5.7
20.9
2.6
4.0
14.8
0.9
1.2
Industrial Fuel
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-Slte TncineraClon
35.2
21.1
7.5
15.9
11.9
3.4
2.7
Open Burning
511.7
601.8
104.1
269.7
192.9
53.6
46.5
Highway Vehicles
7,486.7
14,101.2
2,471.8
2,725.1
5,005.3
852.5
710.0
Aircraft
0
551.9
0
0
0
0
0
Railroad Locomotives
119.5
174.7
56.6
39.5
129.3
0
0
Vessels
35.6
0
0
278.9
0
0
347.4
Small Gasoline Engines
320.6
409.7
68.H
147.8
123.6
36.3
33.7
Agricultural Equipment
438.2
669.7
645.5
707, (i
2,371.0
960.8
812.8
Construction Equipment
197.1
197.6
190.2
132.2
125.4
56.8
107.7
Small Point Sources
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
13.5
17.3
2.9
6.2
5.2
1.5
1.4
Wild Forest Fires
19.6
26.8
18.9
12.0
25.0
12.6
9.5
Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wind Blown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
0
0
0
0
0
0
0__
total
9,687.1
17,214.3
3,645.4
4,453.8
8,158.8
2,023.0
2,122.8
-------
TABLE XXXII-19
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1995 - HYDROCARBONS (tons/year)
i
ro
o
SOURCE CATEGORY
BULLITT
IIAKDIN
IIENKY
OLDIIAM
SHELBY
SPENCER
TRIMBLE
Residential Fuel
519.7
389.0
37.5
61.9
80.4
25.3
39.6
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
1.8
7.0
0.9
1.3
4.1
0.3
0.3
Industrial. Fuel
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
On-Slte Incineration
13.5
8.1
2.9
6.1
4.6
1.3
1.0
Open Burning
180.6
212.4
36.7
95.2
68.1
18.9
16.4
Highway Vehicles
903.2
1,692.2
299.6
332.9
616.3
101.4
86.7
Aircraft
0
18.3
0
0
0
0
0
Railroad locomotives
86.4
126.2
41.1
28.6
93.5
0
0
Vessels
12.1
0
0
94.5
0
0
117.9
Small Gasoline Engines
45.2
57.7
9.7
20.8
17.4
5.1
4.7
Agricultural Equipment
36.1
91.6
87.5
59.4
180.1
79.7
51.2
Construction Equipment
13.8
11.7
10.2
9.6
7-3
3.1
5.4
Small l'olnt Sources
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
1.1
1.4
0.2
0.5
0.4
0.1
0.1
Wild Forest Fires
3.4
4.6
3.2
2.1
4.3
2.2
1.6
Uupaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Utvpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wind Hlovii Dust
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Faved Koads
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
4.6
190.5
0
0
18.5
0
0
Surface Coating
317.8
570.8
72.9
158.0
130.3
35.3
33.5
Petroleum Storage
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
70.6
137.2
16.0
46.5
31.3
10.4
10.5
Asplialt Paving
58.8
79.2
62.2
27.4
16.2
6.0
16.9
TOTAL
2,2611.7
3,518.7
680.6
944.8
1 ,272.8
289.1
387.8
-------
TABLE XXXII-20
AREA SOURCE EMISSIONS SUMMARY 1995 - NITROGEN OXIDES (tons/year)
M
I
SOURCE CATEGORY
BULLITT
IIARDIN
IIENRY
OLDIIAM
SHELBY
SPENCER
TRIMBLE
Residential Fuel
140.0
137.6
26.5
45.8
45.1
13.3
18.3
Couwierclal/lnstltutional Fuel
24. 5
90.2
11.0
17.4
39.3
4.0
2.9
Industrial Fuel
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Oil-Site Incineration
9.3
5.6
2.0
4.2
3.1
0.9
0.7
Open Burning
36.1
42.5
7.3
19.0
13.6
3.8
3.3
Highway Vehicles
1,800.0
3,150.6
597.7
692.6
1,295.1
137.8
196.7
Aircraft
0
2.5
0
0
0
0
0
Railroad locomotives
339.9
497.2
161.4
112.6
367.9
0
0
Vessels
3.4
0
0
27.2
0
0
33.9
Small Gasoline Kuglnes
4.4
5.6
0.9
2.0
1.7
0.5
0.5
Agricultural Equipment
49.2
214.1
206.3
184.5
265. a
138.1
46.7
Construction Equipment
75.8
41.6
23.8
57.7
22.9
6.8
9.6
Small l'oiril Sources
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
0.6
0.7
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
Wild Forest Fires
0.6
0.8
0.5
0.3
0.7
0.4
0.3
Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
" 0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Wind lllovm Oust
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
0„
0_
0
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
J 2,483.8
4,189.0
1,037.5
1,113.6
2,055.4
305.7
313.0
-------
TABLE XXXII-21
BASELINE YEAR AND PROJECTED EMISSION SUMMARY (tons/year)
1975
1980
1985
1995
BULLITT COUNTY
Particulates
6,033.6
6,120.2
6,243.4
6,562.4
Sulfur Dioxide
379.4
389.9
396.9
420.4
Carbon Monoxide
18,950.3
16,498.6
11,330.8
9,687.1
Hydrocarbons
3,984.1
3,154.8
2,242.6
2,268.7
Nitrogen Oxides
2,875.5
2,918.7
2,656.2
2,483.8
HARDIN COUNTY
Particulates
7,343.6
7,420.3
7,151.0
7,947.1
Sulfur Dioxide
642.0
649.5
655.2
679.2
Carbon Monoxide
34,926.1
30,507.9
20,841.4
17,214.3
Hydrocarbons
7,086.6
5,547.0
3,855.9
3,518.7
Nitrogen Oxides
5,146.8
5,122.2
4,583.1
4,189.0
HENRY COUNTY
Particulates
1,925.4
2,155.1
1,987.3
2,066.6
Sulfur Dioxide
213.7
201.8
195.3
187.1
Carbon Monoxide
6,821.7
6,056.2
4,322.9
3,645.4
Hydrocarbons
1,387.1
1,093.5
757.4
680.6
Nitrogen Oxides
1,153.0
1,165.9
1,096.4
1,037.5
OLDHAM COUNTY
Particulates
2,458.7
2,498.1
2,540.5
2,654.5
Sulfur Dioxide
278.9
263.0
248.9
237.0
Carbon Monoxide
8,097.2
7,131.4
5,229.6
4,453.8
Hydrocarbons
1,660.0
1,349.8
994.6
944.8
Nitrogen Oxides
1,307.0
1,317.4
1,196.4
1,113.6
SHELBY COUNTY
Particulates
1,830.1
1,889.7
1,948.5
2,108.4
Sulfur Dioxide
477.2
456.4
437.2
423.1
Carbon Monoxide
14,856.2
13,284.5
9,590.8
8,158.8
Hydrocarbons
2,805.9
2,174.4
1,451.3
1,272.8
Nitrogen Oxides
2,326.0
2,389.7
2,182.3
2,055.4
XXXII-22
-------
TABLE XXXII-21(Continued)
BASELINE YEAR AND PROJECTED EMISSION SUMMARY (tons/year)
1975
1980
1985
1995
SPENCER COUNTY
Particulates
1,803.1
1,175.5
1,181.2
1,203.2
Sulfur Dioxide
89.3
80.0
72.1
64.7
Carbon Monoxide
3,003.0
2,818.3
2,187.8
2,023.0
Hydrocarbons
485.0
401.3
300.1
289.1
Nitrogen Oxides
355.6
346.5
311.0
305.7
TRIMBLE COUNTY
Particulates
1,224.6
1,237.1
1,246.2
1,275.5
Sulfur Dioxide
86.2
81.4
76.1
74.3
Carbon Monoxide
2,922.4
2,768.1
2,215.2
2.122.8
Hydrocarbons
587.3
500.2
390.8
387.8
Nitrogen Oxides
358.3
359.3
316.9
313.0
FORT KNOX
Particulates
9,627.7
9,627.7
9,627.7
9,627.7
Sulfur Dioxide
180.1
180.1
180.1
180.1
Carbon Monoxide
4,781.1
4,781.1
4,781.1
4,781.1
Hydrocarbons
863.9
863.9
863.9
863.9
Nitrogen Oxides
856.8
856.8
856.8
856.8
JEFFERSON COUNTY
Particulate.
17,436.4
19,081.2
19,636.7
22,353.5
Sulfur Dioxide
3,200.0
3,494.2
3,720.0
4,196.0
Carbon Monoxide
205,126.7
171,326.0
122,124.5
101,019.7
Hydrocarbons
41,069.3
30,782.2
21,829.0
19,823.6
Nitrogen Ojddes
31,265.5
30,592.8
28,388.8
26,620.8
XXXII-23
-------
TABLE XXXII-21 (Continued)
BASELINE YEAR AND PROJECTED EMISSION SUMMARY (tons/year)
FLOYD COUNTY
Particulates
Sulfur Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen Oxides
CLARK COUNTY
Particulates
Sulfur Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen Oxides
AREA TOTAL
Particulates
Sulfur Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen Oxides
1975
1,450.4
288.3
13,191.7
3,407.3
1,870.3
10,181.9
852.1
34,731.4
7,046.8
6,097.5
60,671.6
6,687.2
347,407.8
66,976.0
53,612.3
1980
1,510.2
316.2
11,083.9
2,599.1
1,887.0
10,323.8
1,102.5
29,105.5
5,232.3
6,267.9
63,038.9
7,215.0
295,361.5
53,698.5
53,224.2
1985
1,560.9
331.5
8,030.6
1,888.6
1,805.4
10.495.3
1,383.8
20.866.4
3,630.0
6,278.5
63.618.7
7,697.8
211,521.1
38,202.2
49.671.8
1995
1,715.4
370.5
6,670.2
1,760.1
1,776.8
10,878.4
1,935.4
17,185.7
3,282.7
6,702.7
68.392.7
8,767.8
176,961.9
35.092.8
47,455.1
XXXII-24
-------
APPENDIX A
JEFFERSON, FLOYD, AND CLARK COUNTIES
1973 EMISSION INVENTORY
A-l
-------
APPENDIX A
JEFFERSON, FLOYD. AND CLARK COUNTIES
1973 EMISSION INVENTORY
Tables A-l and A-2, taken from the report of the Louisville Air Quality
Maintenance Planning and Analysis summarize the 1973 emission inventory for
TSP and SO^. Tables A-3 through A-5 summarize the 1973 emission inventory
for CO, HC, and NO .
x
In expanding the earlier inventory to include the three new pollutants,
the same baseline year data were used with the AP-42 emission factor appro-
priate to the pollutant. The following additional assumptions were made:
o Industrial and Commercial/Institutional Fuel - In calculating NO^
emissions from residual oil burned, all units were assumed to be
horizontally fired.
o Railroad Locomotive Emissions - The same emission factor was used
for both railyard and road-haul operations.
o In calculating gasoline farm tractor hydrocarbon emissions,
both the exhaust and crankcase emission factors were added
together and entered as one factor.
A-2
-------
TABLE A-l
1973 AREA SOURCE PARTICULATE EMISSIONS SUMMARY
(tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
JEFFERSON
FLOYD
CLARK
i
1. Residential Fuel
305.8
48.3
48.5
2. Industrial Fuel
0
22.2
; 61.2
j
3. C & I Fuel
409.4
15.1
i 45.8
4. Internal Fuel Combustion
0.6
0
1
o
j
5. Agricultural Equipment
13.1
3.5
j 8.5
6. Small Gasoline Engines
50.4
4.0
5.7
7. Construction Equipment
166.9
3.0
2.7
8. Railroad .Locomotives
50.1
13.3
16.7
9. Vessels
22.2
6.2
20.8
10- LDV
1,986.6
86.1
212.8
11. HDGV
368.7
14.9
39.4
12. HDDV
198.3
8.1
21.2
13. Aircraft
29.1
0
0.1
14. On-Site Incineration
64.7
8.7
12.4
15. Open Burning
680.0
41.8
1,589.5
16. Structural Fires
22.3
3.2
3.3
17. Frost Control
0
0
0
18. Slash Burning
0
0
0
19. Wild Forest Fires
!.5 |
0
0
20. Agricultural Burning
° I
0
0
21. Unpaved Roads
1,681.9
1,217.1
7,585.5
22. Unpaved Airstrips
0 1
0
2.5
23. Tilling Activity
65.3
31.0
222.8
24. Mineral Processing
i
0
0
0
25. Construction Activity
457.3
10.8
17.3
26. Windblown Dust
6.7
0
0
27. Small Point Sources
186.0
131.0
61.5
28. Paved Roads
4,769.8
203.8
510-6
TOTAL
11,536.7
1,872.1
'
10£88.8
A-3
-------
TABLE A-2
1973 AREA SOURCE SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS SUMMARY
(tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
JEFFERSON
FLOYD
CLARK
1. Residential Fuel
497.4
89.5
82.6
2. Industrial Fuel
0
53.7
246.9
3. C&I Fuel
703.1
30.7
122.5
4. Internal Fuel Combustion
23.7
0
0
5. Agricultural Equipment
9.0
2.4
5.7
6. Small Gasoline Engines
23.7
2.0
2.7
7. Construction Equipment
199.2
3.6
3.2
8. Railroad Locomotives
98.0
26.0
32.6
9. Vessels
6.6
1.8
6.1
10. LDV
478.3
20.7
51.2
11. HDGV
100.7
4.1
10.7
12. HDDV
260.6
10.6
27.9
13. Aircraft
46.3
0
0.1
14. On-Site Incineration
17.1
3.1
4.4
15. Open Burning
0
2.6
3.7
16. Structural Fires
0
0
0
17. Frost Control
0
0
0
18. Slash Burning
0
0
0
19. Wild Forest Fires
0
0
0
20. Agricultural Burning
0
0
0
21. Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
22. Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
23. Tilling Activity
0
0
0
24. Mineral Processing
0
0
0
25. Construction Activity
0
0
0
26. Windblown Dust
0
0
0
27. Small Point Sources
1
61.0
0
0
28. Paved Roads
0
0
0
TOTAL
2,501.0
250.8
600.3
A-4
-------
TABLE A-3
1973 AREA SOURCE CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS SUMMARY
(tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
JEFFERSON
FLOYD
CLARK
1. Residential Fuel
763.5
84.6
70.4
2. Industrial Fuel
0
7.8
35.4
3. C & I Fuel
333.7
11.9
25.2
4. Internal Fuel Combustion
0
0
0
5. Agricultural Equipment
601.1
455.5
1,115.4
6. Small Gasoline Engines
18,223.3
1,446.4
2,061.0
7. Construction Equipment
608.8
10.9
9.7
8. Railroad Locomotives
259.9
69.4
86.9
9. Vessels
191.6
53.7
179.8
10. LDV
a 262,329.1
11,353.2
28,081.2
11. HDGV
60,867.6
2,478.2
6,467.6
12. HDDV
2,671.2
108.7
286.0
13. Aircraft
4,075.4
0
55.7
14. On-Site Incineration
25.4
35.4
24.8
15. Open Burning
2,000.0
221.8
4,816.1
16. Structural Fires
65.5
9.5
9.6
17. Frost Control
0
0
0
18. Slash Burning
0
0
0
19. Wild Forest Fires
12.6
0
0
20. Agricultural Burning
0
0
0
21. Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
22. Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
23. Tilling Activity
0
0
0
24. Mineral Processing
0
0
0
25. Construction Activity
0
0
0
26. Windblown Dust
0
0
0
27. Small Point Sources
10.7
0
0
28. Paved Roads
0
0
0
TOTAL
353,039.4
16,347.0
43,324.8
A-5
-------
TABLE A-4
1973 AREA SOURCE HYDROCARBONS EMISSIONS SUMMARY
(tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY !
JEFFERSON
FLOYD !
CLARK
1.
Residential Fuel
317.9
55.5
48.3 |
2.
Industrial Fuel
0
4.5
11.2 i
1
3.
C & I Fuel
113.2
4.0
7.7 |
1
4.
Internal Fuel Combustion
0
0
o !
i
5.
Agricultural Equipment
47.8
28.6
70.0
6.
Small Gasoline Engines
2,110.3
167.5
238.7 !
7.
Construction Equipment
185.4
3.3 |
3.0
8.
Railroad Locomotives
188.7
50.2
62.7
9.
Vessels
22.4
6.3
21.0
LO.
LDV
27,226.3
1,178.3
2,914.5
11.
HDGV
7,412.6
301.8
787.6
12.
HDDV
428.1
17.5
45.8
13.
Aircraft
652.3
0
1.8
14.
On-Site Incineration
i 19.8
1
26.6
18.7
15.
Open Burning
' 160.0
78.3
471.6
16.
Structural Fires
i 5'2
i
0.8
0.8
i
i
17.
Frost Control
1 0
!
0
i o
i
18.
Slash Burning
1 0
0
| 0
19.
Wild Forest Fires
2.2
0
1 0
1
20.
Agricultural Burning
! o
0
0
21.
Unpaved Roads
! o
0
! 0
22.
Unpaved Airstrips
0
| 0
0
23.
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
24.
Mineral Processing
0
0
0
25.
Construction Activity
! 0
0
0
26.
Windblown Dust
1 0
0
0
27.
Small Point Sources
1 2-1
0
0
28.
Paved Roads
0
i 0
0
TOTAL
33.894.3
1,923.2
4,703.4
A-6
-------
TABLE A-5
1973 AREA SOURCE NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSIONS SUMMARY
(tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
I
JEFFERSON
i
| FLOYD
CLARK
1.
Residential Fuel
1,288.3
112.2
132.7
2.
Industrial Fuel
°
135.5
450.5
3'
C & I Fuel
| 1,451.1
64.3
145.8
4.
Internal Fuel Combustion
36.9
0
0
5.
Agricultural Equipment
112.6
38.7
112.2
6.
Small Gasoline Engines
193.2
15.3
21.9
7.
Construction Equipment
2,602.6
46.8
41.5
8.
Railroad Locomotives
742.5
197.6
247.1
9.
Vessels
77.1
21.7
64.0
10.
LDV
16,188.6
700.6
1,732.9
11.
HDGV
2,573.4
104.8
273.4
12.
HDDV
1,945.2
79.1
208.3
13.
Aircraft
378.1
0
0.2
14.
On-Site Incineration
18.2
3.5
2.5
15.
Open Burning
80.0
15.7
202.3
16.
Structural Fires
2.6
0.4
0.4
17.
Frost Control
0
0
0
18.
Slash Burning
0
0
0
19.
Wild Forest Fires
0.4
0
0
20.
Agricultural Burning
0
0
0
21.
Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
22.
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
23.
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
24.
Mineral Processing
0
0
0
25.
Construction Activity
0
0
0
¦ 26.
Windblown Dust
0
0
0
27.
Small Point Sources
4".3
0
0
28.
Paved Roads
0
0
o !
1
TOTAL
27,738.1
1,536.2
3,635.7 |
1
i
A-7
-------
APPENDIX B
JEFFERSON. FLOYD, AND CLARK COUNTIES
1975 EMISSION INVENTORY UPDATE AND PROJECTION
B-l
-------
APPENDIX B
JEFFERSON, FLOYD AND CLARK COUNTIES
1975 EMISSION INVENTORY UPDATE AND PROJECTION
Source categories being considered in this appendix are listed below.
These categories include 12 which were updated from the 1973 inventory and
the five new hydrocarbon sources. The 1973 inventory and projections were
used for all other source categories.
1.
Residential Fuel
2.
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
3.
Open Burning
4.
Highway Vehicles
5.
Aircraft
6.
Railroad Locomotives
7.
Small Gasoline Engines
8.
Agricultural Equipment
9.
Construction Equipment
10.
Unpaved Roads
11.
Construction Activity
12.
Paved Roads
13.
Dry Cleaning
14.
Surface Coating
15.
Petroleum Storage
16.
Marketing of Petroleum
17.
Asphalt Paving
Unless otherwise stated, emission factors and procedures discussed in
the basic report for the seven outlying counties were applied to the SMSA
counties. Allocation of emissions for the 12 old source categories was made
proportional to the distribution of emissions by source category in the LAQMP,
Procedures for allocation of the new hydrocarbon sources are defined for each
category.
B-2
-------
RESIDENTIAL FUEL
13
The results of the fuel use survey showed that 3.149 x 10 Btu were used
for residentail heating in 1975, a reduction of 0.8% from 1973. At the same
13
per capita rate, Floyd County required 0.255 x 10 Btu and Clark County
13
0.363 x 10 Btu. The fuel use distribution update by fuel type is summarized
in Table B-l.
TABLE B-l
1975 ESTIMATED TOTAL RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE
BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE
COUNTY
NATURAL
GAS
(106 ft3)
LPG
(1000 gal)
DISTILLATE
OIL
(1000 gal)
COAL
(tons)
WOOD
(tons)
Jefferson
28,285
6,202
10,586
7,628
3,421
Floyd
1,461
3,088
3,892
472
1,189
Clark
1,784
4,585
4,177
150
1,020
^ As reported by the Louisville Gas and Electric Company and by the Indiana
Gas Company.
(2) 1973 fuel oil usage factored by 1.02, as determined by the fuel oil
survey.
Emissions were updated using the revised fuel type distribution and new
emission factors from AP-42, Revision 6.
Emissions were projected using the same assumptions found in Chapter V
except that a split of 10% distillate oil and 90% electric for new hookups was
used. The projected fuel type distributions are shown in Tables B-2 through
B-4.
B-3
-------
TABLE B-2
1980 ESTIMATED TOTAL RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE
BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE
COUNTY
NATURAL ^
GAS
(106 ft3)
LPG
(1000. gal)
DISTILLATE
OIL
(1000 gal)
COAL
(tons)
WOOD
(tons)
Jefferson
28,285
6,202
13,406
6,057
3,681
Floyd
1,461
3,088
4,460
375
1,313
Clark
1,784
4,585
4,893
119
1,167
TABLE B-4
1995 ESTIMATED TOTAL RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE
BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE
COUNTY
NATURAL^
GAS
(106 ftJ)
LPG
(1000 gal)
DISTILLATE
OIL
(1000 gal)
COAL
(tons)
WOOD
(tons)
Jefferson
28,285
6,202
18,708
3,036
4,468
Floyd
1,461
3,088
5,021
188
1,703
Clark
1,784
4,585
5,652
60
1,541
- ]
^ As reported by the Louisville Gas and Electric Company and by the Indiana
Gas Company.
(2)
1973 fuel oil usage factored by 1.02, as determined by the fuel oil survey.
TABLE B-3
1985 ESTIMATED TOTAL RESIDENTIAL FUEL USE
BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE
COUNTY
NATURAL ^
GAS
(106 ft3)
LPG
(1000 gal)
DISTILLATE
OIL
(1000 gal)
COAL
(tons)
WOOD
(tons)
Jefferson
28,285
6,202
15,185
4,813
3,944
Floyd
1,461
3,088
4,640
298
1,438
Clark
1,784
4,585
5,137
95
1,287
B-4
-------
COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL FUEL
The results of the fuel survey found a 2.9% decrease in the commercial/
institutional use of natural gas and a 0.3% decrease in the use of distillate
oil from 1973 to 1975. A similar 0.3% reduction may be assumed for residual
oil usage. The fuel use distribution update by fuel type is summarized in
Table B-5.
TABLE B-5
1975 ESTIMATED TOTAL COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
FUEL USE BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE
COUNTY
NATURAL
GAS
(106 ft^)
LPG
(1000 gal)
DISTILLATE
OIL
(1000 gal)
RESIDUAL
OIL
(1000 gal)
COAL
(tons)
Jefferson
18,335
514
22,909
396
17,210
Floyd
775
151
1,360
20
94
Clark
1,240
229
3,766
858
150
...... . „ I
Emissions were updated using the revised fuel type distribution and new
emission factors from AP-42 Revision 6.
Emissions were projected using the same assumptions found in Chapter VI
except that a split of 10% oil and 90% electric for new hookups was used. The
projected fuel type distributions are shown in Tables B-6 through B-8.
TABLE B-6
1980 ESTIMATED TOTAL COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
FUEL USE BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE
COUNTY
NATURAL
GAS
(106 ft3)
LPG
(1000 gal)
DISTILLATE
OIL
(1000 gal)
RESIDUAL
OIL
(1000 gal)
COAL
(tons)
Jefferson
18,335
514
25,925
444
17,210
Floyd
775
151
1,493
21
94
Clark
1,240
229
3,920
889
150
B-5
-------
TABLE B-7
1985 ESTIMATED TOTAL COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
FUEL USE BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE
COUNTY
NATURAL
GAS
(106 ft3)
LPG
(1000 gal)
DISTILLATE
OIL
(1000 gal)
RESIDUAL
OIL
(1000 gal)
COAL
(tons)
Jefferson
18,335
514
27,599
471
17,210
Floyd
775
151
1,571
22
94
Clark
1,240
229
4,037
915
150
TABLE B-8
1995 ESTIMATED TOTAL COMMERCIAL/INSTITUTIONAL
FUEL USE BY COUNTY AND FUEL TYPE
COUNTY
NATURAL
GAS
(106 ft3)
. LPG
(1000 gal)
DISTILLATE
OIL
(1000 gal)
RESIDUAL
OIL
(1000 gal)
COAL
(tons)
Jefferson
18,335
514
31,189
529
17,210
Floyd
775
151
1,737
25
94
Clark
1,240
229
4,288
968
150
OPEN BURNING
Emissions from open burning for Floyd and Clark Counties were updated
using revised population estimates and projections. No open burning is per-
mitted in Jefferson County.
HIGHWAY VEHICLES
The SAPOLLUT transportation model utilized for the LAQMP has not been
updated since that project was completed. VMT data taken from the report
of that project are summarized in Table B-9. It should be noted that the
B-6
-------
1973 through 1985 values are linearly interpolated between the 1970 base
year and the 1995 projection year.
TABLE B-9
SAPOLLUT MODEL RESULTS (106 VMT)
CLASSIFICATION
1970
1973
1975
1980
1985
1995
Freeway
1059
1315
1486
1913
2339
3193
Arterial
1786
1866
1920
2054
2188
2456
Local
939
1050
1124
1309
1494
1863
TOTAL
3784
4231
4530
5276
6021
7512
GROWTH FACTOR
0.84
0.93
1.00
1.16
1.33
1.66
An updated estimate of 1975 VMT for the SMSA was provided by KIPDA.
This estimate included both the traditional historical data and a 0.3%
adjustment for VMT not assigned to the historical data. In addition,
suggested vehicle speeds, cold starts, and distribution of VMT among road
classes were provided. These KIPDA data are summarized in Table B-10, with
VMT for each road classification distributed among vehicle types in accord-
ance with Table X-l.
The VMT split between the two weight categories of light duty gasoline
powered trucks was based on the average national weighting distribution by
sales of the two categories.
With the computed emission factors discussed in Chapters X and the
above traffic data, the 1975 highway vehicle emissions were calculated
and summarized in Table B-ll.
The Louisville SMSA highway vehicle TSP and SO2 emissions were distributed
to Jefferson County in Kentucky and Clark and Floyd Counties in Indiana in
accordance with the distribution of TSP and SO2 emissions in the previous
LAQMP analysis studies, while the HC, CO, and N0X emissions were distributed
in"accordance with the SAPOLLUT emissions data.
B-7
-------
TABLE B-10
1975 SMSA TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Starts (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized (LDGV)
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
1,046
1,373
780
3,199
LDGTi (106)
176
234
133
543
LDGT2 VMT (10$)
70
93
53
216
LDDV VMT (106)
61
81
48
190
HDGV VMT (106)
16
20
16
52
HDDV VMT (106)
113
149
80
342
TOTAL VMT (106)
1,482
1,950
1,110
4,542
TABLE B-ll
1975 LOUISVILLE SMSA HIGHWAY VEHICLE EMISSIONS
LOUISVILLE
SMSA
PARTICULATE
(tons/yr)
SULFUR
DIOXIDE
HYDRO-
CARBON
CARBON
MONOXIDE
NITROGEN
OXIDES
Jefferson
2,817.8
1„556.8
33,745.5
195,179.3
24,874.0
Clark
314.2
173.4
6,035.1
32,330.3
4,606.3
Floyd
117.8
64.5
2,720.0
11,974.2
1,282.4
TOTAL
3,249.8
1,794.7
42,500.6
239,483.8
30,708.7
VMT was projected using the same assumptions found in Chapter X and the
results are summarized in Table B-12 through B-14.
B-8
-------
TABLE B-12
1980 SMSA TRAFFIC: data
1
FREEWAY
arterial
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Starts (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Start (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized (LDGV)
90
50
40
LDGA VMT (106)
1,151
1,510
858
3,519
LDGTi VMT (106)
194
257
146
597
LDGT2 VMT (106)
77
102
58
237
LDDV VMT (106)
67
89
53
209
HDGV VMT (106)
18
22
18
58
HDDV VMT (106)
124
164
88
376
TOTAL
1,631
2,144
.
1,221
4,996
TABLE B-13
1985 SMSA TRAFFIC data
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Start (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Start (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized (LDGV)
90
50
40
LDGV VMT (106)
1,255
1,648
936
3,839
LDGTi VMT (106)
211
281
160
652
LDGT2 VMT (106)
84
112
64
260
LDDV VMT (106)
73
97
58
228
HDGV VMT (106)
19
24
19
62
HDDV VMT (106)
136
179
96
411
TOTAL
1,778
2,341
1,333
5,452
B-9
-------
TABLE B-14
1995 SMSA TRAFFIC DATA
FREEWAY
ARTERIAL
LOCAL
TOTAL
Speed
54
35
25
% Cold Start (LDGV)
10
25
40
% Hot Start (LDGV)
0
25
20
% Stabilized (LDGV)
90
50
40
LDGV VMT (106)
1,464
1,922
1,092
4,478
LDGT]VMT (106)
246
328
186
760
LDGT2 VMT (106)
98
130
74
302
LDDV VMT (106)
85
113
67
265
HDGV VMT (106)
22
28
22
72
HDDV VMT (106)
158
209
112
479
TOTAL
2,073
2,730
1,553
6,356
With the projected HC, CO, N0X, particulate, and the unchanging emission
factors discussed in Chapter X and with the projected VMT contained in
Table B-12 through B-14, the projected highway vehicle emissions were cal-
culated and summarized in Table B-24 through B-38.
The projected highway emissions were allocated to the subcounty study
area using the same allocation techniques discussed for the baseline year.
AIRCRAFT
Emissions from aircraft operating from Staniford and Bowman Field were
updated using the 1975 edition of the FAA Air Traffic Activity Report. No
change in equipment mix was apparent. The operator of HAP's airport reported
little change in operating tempo from 1973 to 1975. The 1975 operating data
and emissions are summarized in Table B-15. Projected emissions are expected
to follow the growth in FAA Terminal Area Forecasts and are not changed from
the LAQMP.
B-10
-------
TABLE B-15
1975 AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS AND EMISSIONS
Particulates
Sulfur
Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen Oxides
)peratlons/
Year
No. of
Engines
LTOs
EF
(lba/LTO-
eng.)
Emissions
(lbs/yr.)
EF
(lbs/LTO-
eng.)
Emissions
(lbs/yr.)
EF
(lb/LT0-
eng.)
Emissions
(lbs/yr.)
EF
(lb/LTO-
eng.)
Emissions
(lbs/yr.)
EF
lb/LTO-
eng.)
Emissions
(lbs/yr.)
STANDIFORD AIRPORT
Air Carrier
65,046
Jumbo Jet
4
0
1.30
0
1.82
0
46.8
0
12.2
0
31.4
0
Long-Range Jet
4
650
1,21
3,146
1.56
4,056
47.4
123,240
41.2
107,120
7.9
20,540
Medium-Range Jet
2.26
27,970
0.41
25,917
1.01
63,844
17.0
1,074,607
4.9
309,740
10.2
644,764
Turbo-Prop
2
3,903
1.10
8,587
0.40
3,122
6.6
51,520
2.9
22,637
2.5
J 9,515
Air Taxi
5,717
Piston Transport
1.5
953
0.56
800
0.28
400
304.0
434,568
40.7
58,181
0.40
572
Turbo-Prop
2
1,906
0.20
762
0.18
686
3.1
11,817
1.1
4,193
1.2
4,574
Military
6,196
Piston
1
929
0.28
260
0.14
130
152.0
141,208
20.4
18,952
0.20
186
Jet
2
2,169
0.31
1,345
0.76
3,297
15.1
65,504
9.93
43,076
3.29
14,272
General Aviation
51,167
Business Jet
2
2,558
0.11
563
0.37
1,893
15.8
80,833
3.6
18,418
1.6
8,186
Ttrbo-Prop
2
1,279
0.20
512
0.18
461
3.1
7,930
1.1
2,814
1.2
3,070
Piston Transport
2
1,279
0.56
1,433
0.28
716
304.0
777,632
40.7
104,111
0.40
1,023
Helicopter
1
256
0.25
64
0.18
46
5.7
1,459
0.52
133
0.57
146
Piston
1
20,211
0.02
_4Q.4
0.014
283
12.2
246,574
0.4
—8-.QM.
0.047
950
TOTAL STANDIFORD
AIRPORT
43,793
78,934
3,016,892
637,459
717,798
-------
TABLE B-15 (Continued)
1975 AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS AMD EMISSIONS
Particulates
Sulfur Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen Oxides
Operations/
Year
No. of
Engines
LTOs
EF
(lbs/LTO-
eng.)
Emissions
(lbs/yr.)
EF
(lbs/LTO-
eng.)
- Emissions
(lbs/yr.)
EF
(lbs/LTO-
eng.)
Emissions
(lbs/yr.)
EF
(lb/LTO-
eng.)
Emissions
(lbs/yr.)
EF
(lb/LTO-
eng.)
Emissions
(lbs/yr.)
BOWMAN FIELD
t
Air Carrier
69
Jumbo Jet
4
0
1.30
0
1.82
0
46.8
0
12.2
0
31.4
0
Long-Range Jet
4
0
1.21
0
1.56
0
47.4
0
41.2
0
7.9
0
Medium-Range Jet
; 2.26
30
0.41
28
1.01
68
17.0
1,153
4.9
332
10.2
692
Turbo-Prop
2
4
1.10
9
0.40
3
6.6
53
2.9
23
2.5
20
Air Taxi
2,134
Piston Transport
1.5
356
0.56
299
0.28
150
304.0
162,336
40.7
21,734
0.40
213
Turbo-Prop
2
711
0.20
284
0.18
256
3.1
4,408
1.1
1,564
1.2
1,706
Military
1,385
Piston
1
138
0.28
39
0.14
19
152.0
20,976
20.4
2,815
0.20
28
Helicopter
1
554
0.25
139
0.18
190
5.7
3,158
0.52
288
0.57
316
General Aviation
240,463
Business Jet
2
12,023
0.11
2,645
0.37
8,897
15.8
379,927
3.6
86,566
1.6
38,474
Turbo-Prop
2
6,012
0.20
2,405
0.18
2,164
3.1
37,274
1.1
13,226
1.2
14,429
Piston Transport
2
6,011
0.56
6,732
0.28
3,366
304.0
3,654,688
40.7
489,295
0.40
4,809
Helicopter
1'
1,202
0.25
301
0.18
216
5.7
6,851
0.52
625
0.57
685
Piston
1 9
4,983
0.02
1,900
0.014
1,330
12.2
1,158,793
0.4
37,993
0.047
4,464
LAI. BOWMAN FIELD
14,781
16,570
5,429,617 J
654,461
65,836
-------
TABLE B-15 (Continued)
1975 AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS AMD EMISSIONS
W
I
M
CO
Particulates
Sulfur Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
Hydrocarbons
Nitrogen Oxides
Operations/
Year
No. of
Engines
LTOs
EF
(lbs/LTO-
eng.)
Emissions
(Jbs/yr.)
EF
(lbs/LTO-
eng.)
Emissions
(lbs/yr.)
EF
(lbs/LTO-
eng.)
Emissions
(lbs/yr.)
EF
(lb/LTO-
eng.)
Emissions
(lbs/yr.)
EF
(lb/LTO-
eng.)
Emissions
(lbs/yr.)
HAP's AIRPORT
General Aviation
18,250
Piston
1
9,125
0.02
182
0.014
128
12.2
111,325
0.4
3,650
0.047
429
TOTAL JBFFLRSCN
COUNTY
(tons/yr.)
29.3
47.8
4,223.2
676
391.8
TOTAL CLARK
COUNTY
(tons/yr.)
0.1
0.1
¦n
55.7
1.8
0.2
-------
RAILROAD LOCOMOTIVES
An attempt was made to update emissions from railroad locomotives by
obtaining fuel usage from each of the companies operating in Jefferson County,
Only the Louisville and Nashville was able to provide definitive information,
reporting a 1975 fuel usage of 2717 x 10^ gallons in the county. This com-
3
pares with a value of 3179 x 10 gallons estimated in the 1972 inventory and
2146 x 103 gallons calculated in the 1973 inventory. From the discussion in
Chapter XII, it appears that the 1972 estimate was accurate since there was a
decrease of 12.6% in train miles traveled from 1973 to 1975 and a corresponding
14.5% decrease in fuel usage. Fuel usage by other railroads and in Floyd and
Clark Counties was determined from ratios of train miles traveled. Totals
for all companies are as follow:
Jefferson County - 3782 x 10^ gallons
Floyd County - 1006 x 10^ gallons
Clark County - 1259 x 103 gallons
Emissions are projected to increase in accordance with the growth factors
given in Chapter XII.
SMALL GASOLINE ENGINES
Emissions and projections for this source category were updated using
revised population estimates.
AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT
Emissions from agricultural equipment were updated with the data included
in the 1974 Census of Agriculture, Preliminary Report, and with information
provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture county extension agents. A
rather sharp decrease in the number of tractors was reported in Jefferson
County and a shift from gasoline to diesel tractors in all counties.
The decreasing trend in farm land noted in the LAQMP continued from
1969 to 1974. Consequently, emissions from agricultural equipment are pro-
jected to decrease at a compound decay rate of 1.00%/year as suggested in the
LAQMP.
B-14
-------
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT
Emissions from this source category were updated using 1975 construction
employment estimates from County Business Patterns and the Department of Human
Resources and revised emission factors found in Chapter XVI. Such estimates
showed a 12% decrease in employment from 1973 to 1975. On the other hand, the
Mineral Institute Survey showed a 3% increase in Kentucky and a 4% decrease
in Indiana in miscellaneous off-highway diesel. It is believed that the
employment figures more accurately reflect the known 1975 downturn in con-
struction.
Based on the 12% reduction in employed, 1975 fuel usage estimates are
as follows:
Jefferson County - 11,254,320 gallons
Floyd County - 202,400 gallons
Clark County - 179,520 gallons
Emissions were projected to increase in accordance with the Jefferson County
projected growth in construction employment.
UNPAVED ROADS
Emissions from unpaved roads in Floyd and Clark Counties were updated
with revised unpaved road mileage and traffic data provided by the offices
of the County Commissioners. The revised estimates, shown in Table B-16,
resulted in a substantial decrease in emissions in Floyd County. The emission
factor and control efficiency was unchanged from 1973 tq 1975.
TABLE B-16
COMPARISON OF 1973 AND 1975 UNPAVED ROAD DATA
FOR FLOYD AND aARK COUNTIES
1973
1975
LUUIN11
MILES
ADT
MILES
ADT
FLOYD
76
45
35
45
CLARK
203
105
197
117
B-15
-------
In Jefferson County the JCAPCA is conducting a comprehensive inventory of
unpaved roads and the character of the road surface and traffic. They
suggested that the unpaved road source category not be updated for this report.
As in the LAQMP, emissions are projected to remain constant.
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
Since the completion of the 1973 inventory, Supplement 6 to AP-42 was
published containing an emission factor for construction operations. This
factor, applicable to a semiarid climate, was modified to more adequately
represent the climatic and soil conditions in the study area (see Chapter
XXIII). Furthermore, a 12% reduction, of construction employment was reported
for Jefferson County by the Department of Human Resources.
Emissions from construction activity were updated using the revised
emission factor of 900 lbs/acre-year, factored by the decrease in construc-
tion employment.
Emissions were projected in accordance with the Jefferson County pro-
jected growth in construction employment.
PAVED ROADS
Emissions from this source category were updated with the revised
three-county VMT estimates provided by KIPDA and the revised emission factors
discussed in Chapter XXV. Emissions were projected in accordance with the
projected growth in VMT. In both cases, allocation of total VMT to counties
was made in accordance with the county distribution determined from the
SAPOLLUT traffic model and link specific data from the LAQMP.
DRY CLEANING
This source category was not included in the 1973 emission inventory. A
list of dry cleaning establishments in Jefferson County was available from
the JCAPCD. Type and amount of solvent and emissions were available from
those plants which had been visited and permitted. A telephone survey was
conducted to determine the number of remaining establishments which per-
formed cleaning on the premises as opposed to those which were only pick-up
B-16
-------
centers. A total of 95 plants were found to be operating in Jefferson County.
Operating and emission data were available for 47 of these. The average hydro-
carbon emissions for the permitted plants is summarized in Table B-17.
TABLE B-17
AVERAGE EMISSION DATA
SOLVENT
EMISSION
TYPE
%
(lbs/day-plant)
Perchloroethylene
86
23.2
Stoddard
14
115.7
The average emissions compare favorably with a similar information
available from a survey in the Los Angeles metropolitan area of over a
thousand plants. It was found there that perchloroethylene plants averaged
30 lbs/day and Stoddard plants, 175 lbs/day.
The average emission rates were assumed to apply to the other 48 plants
for which no data were available. Similarly, the averages were applied to
the seven establishments in Floyd County and the 13 establishments in Clark
County, determined from the survey and telephone follow-up. The resulting
emissions are summarized in Table B-18.
TABLE B-18
1975 DRY CLEANING HYDROCARBON EMISSION SUMMARY
(tons/year)^
COUNTY
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
STODDARD
TOTAL
Jefferson
295.7
240.1
535.8
Floyd
21.8
17.7
39.5
Clark
40.5
32.8
73.3
^ Based on six-day operating week.
The total of 648.6 tons/year compares to a total of 877 tons per year
calculated from the factor given in AP-42 of 2 lbs/person-year. It is noted,
B-17
-------
however, that the factor is based on an. equal split between the two types of
solvents.
Emissions from dry cleaning are projected to increase in accordance with
population growth.
Emissions were allocated in accordance with the distribution of commercial/
institutional fuel usage emissions.
SURFACE COATING
This source category was not included in the 1973 emission inventory.
As in Chapter XXVII, two types of surface coating operations are considered.
Automotive Painting
Automotive painting sales by county resulting from the paint supplies
survey are summarized in Table B—19. Resulting emissions are summarized in
Table B-20.
TABLE B-19
1975 REPORTED AUTOMOTIVE PAINT SALES
TYPE OF COATING
VOLUME SOLD (gal/year)
JEFFERSON
FLOYD
CLARK
Enamel
16,877
2,024
3,676
Lacquer
10,270
1,410
2,328
Enamel primer
1,082
83
167
Lacquer primer
6,123
388
798
Thinner and reducer
47,192
7,345
12,860
B-18
-------
TABLE B-20
1975 AUTOMOTIVE PAINTING EMISSION SUMMARY
TYPE OF COATING
EMISSION FACTOR^
(lbs/ton)
HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS (tons/year)'
JEFFERSON
FLOYD
CLARK
Enamel
840
28.7
3.4
6.2
Lacquer
1,540
34.0
4.7
7.7
Primer
1,320
22.6
1.5
3.1
Thinner and reducer
2,000
170.0
26.4
46.3
Total
255.3
36.0
63.3
(1)
In converting volume units to weight units, the following density values
were used:
Enamel:
Lacquer:
Enamel primer
Lacquer primer
Thinner and reducer:
8.1 lbs/gal
8.6 lbs/gal
11.0 lbs/gal
9.2 lbs/gal
7.2 lbs/gal
Trade Paint Application
Emissions from trade paint application were calculated using the factors
given in Chapter XXVII. Data and emissions are summarized in Table B-21.
TABLE B-21
TRADE PAINT USAGE AND EMISSIONS
COUNTY
1 PAINT USE
! flO3 eal/yr)
EMISSIONS
(tons/year)
POPULATION r
i
OIL
WATER
OIL
WATER
TOTAL
Jefferson
733,212 I
847
693
3,083.1
154.6
3,237.7
Floyd
59,457
69
56
251.2
12.5
263.7
Clark
84,595
98
80
356.7
17.9
374.6
B-19
-------
Emissions from surface coating operations are projected to increase in
accordance with population growth.
Emissions were allocated in accordance with the distribution of population.
PETROLEUM STORAGE
All sources from this category are retained in the point source inventory.
MARKETING OF PETROLEUM
This source category was not included in the 1973 emission inventory.
Sales data obtained from the survey of gasoline distributors is summarized
in Table B-22. Resulting emissions are summarized in Table B-23.
TABLE B-22
1975 GASOLINE MARKETING DATA
COUNTY
THROUGHPUT BY TYPE OF LOADING
(103 gal)
SPLASH LOADING
SUBMERGED LOADING
Jefferson
1,898
131,485
J Floyd
46
4,948
i Clark
i
263
9,031
TABLE B-23
1975 PETROLEUM MARKETING EMISSION SUMMARY
HYDROCARBON
EMISSIONS (tons/year)
COUNTY
SPLASH LOADING
EF = 24.17 lbs/103 gal
SUBMERGED LOADING
EF - 19.97 lbs/103 gai
TOTAL
Jefferson
21.1
1,183.4
1,204.5
Floyd
0.5
44.5
45.0
Clark
2.9
81.3
84.2
B-20
-------
Emissions are projected to increase 8% by 1980, 13% by 1985, and 18% by
1995. Emissions were allocated in accordance with service station locations.
AgpHALT PAVING
This source category was not included in the 1973 emission inventory.
The quantity of cutback used in asphalt paving in Jefferson County in
1975, provided by the Department of Transportation and Jefferson County Public
Wofks, is as follows:
Rapid Cure - 266.7 tons, volatile section 24.5%
Medium Cure - 151.0 tons, volatile section 19.25%
Indiana highway authorities reported that cutback asphalt has not been used
foTr the last ten years in their jurisdiction. Resulting emissions are summarized
Table B-27.- Emissions are projected to increase in accordance with the
growth in VMT. Emissions were allocated in accordance with VMT.
B-21
-------
TABLE B-24
AREA SOURCS EMISSION SUMMARY
JEFFERSON COUNTY - PARTICULATES (tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
Residential Fuel
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
Industrial Fuel
On-Site Incineration
Open Burning
Highway Vehicles
Aircraft
Railroad Locomotives
Vessels
Small Gasoline Engines
Agricultural Equipment
Construction Equipment
Small Point Sources
Structural Fires
Wild Forest Fires
Unpaved Roads
Unpaved Airstrips
Tilling Activity
Construction Activity
Wind Blown Dust
Paved Roads
Dry Cleaning
Surface Coating
Petroleum Storage
Marketing of Petroleum
Asphalt Paving
TOTAL
B-22
-------
TABLE B-25
AREA SOURCE EMISSION SUMMARY
JEFFERSON COUNTY - SULFUR DIOXIDE (tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
1973
1975
1980.
1985
1995
Residential Fuel
497.4
503.9
498.4
485.5
485.9
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
703.1
734.2
795.4
829.4
902.4
Industrial Fuel
0
0
0
0
0
On-Site Incineration
17.1
12.5
13.7
15.2
17.9
Open Burning
0
0
0
0
0
Highway Vehicles
839.6
1,556.8
1,711.0
1,868.8
2,177.8
Aircraft
46.3
47.8
56.1
70.1
98.1
Railroad Locomotives
98.0
92.3
120.0
132.0
156.0
Vessels
6.6
7.1
8.2
9.7
12.3
Small Gasoline Engines
23.>
4.4
4.7
5.1
5.7
Agricultural Equipment
9.0
4.4
4.2
4.0
3.6
Construction Equipment
199.2
175.6
215.5
228.6
254.1
Small Point Sources
61.0
61.0
67.0
71.6
82.2
Structural Fires
0
0
0
0
0
Wild Forest Fires
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Wind Blown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
-
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
-
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
-
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
-
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
-
0
0
0
0
TOTAL.
2,501.0
3,200.0
3,494.2
3,720.0
4,196.0
B-23
-------
TABLE B-26
AREA SOURCE EMISSION SUMMARY
JEFFERSON COUNTY CARBON MONOXIDE (tons/ysciir)
SOURCE CATEGORY
1973
1975
1980.
1985
1995
Residential Fuel
763.5
761.3
705.4
651.8
606.3
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
333.7
328.2
335.8
340.1
349.2
Industrial Fuel
0
0
0
0
0
On-Site Incineration
25.4
18.6
20.3
22.6
26.6
Open Burning
2,000.0
0
0
0
0
Highway Vehicles
325,867.9
195,179.3
160,191.8
109,449.8
35,220.8
Aircraft
4,075.4
4,223.2
4,990.1
6,211.6
8,654.5
Railroad Locomotives
259.9
245.8
319.5
351.5
415-4
Vessels
191.6
206.1
238.0
281.6
357.1
Small Gasoline Engines
18,223.3
3,330.2
3,584.2
3,840.2
4,347-5
Agricultural Equipment
601.1
230.5
219.2
208.5
188.5
Construction Equipment
608.8
512.6
629.0
667.4
741-7
Small Point Sources
10.7
10.7
11.8
12.6
14-4
Structural Fires
65.5
67.6
72.5
78.4
89-3
Wild Forest Fires
12.6
12.6
8.4
8.4
8-4
Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
o
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
o
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
Wind Blown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
-
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
-
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
-
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
-
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
-
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
353,039.4
205,126.7
171,326.0
122,124.5
B-24
-------
TABLE B—27
AREA SOURCZ EMISSION SUMMARY
JEFFERSON COUNTY - HYDROCARBONS (tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
1973
1975
1980.
1985
1995
Residential Fuel
317.9
316.8
311.6
309.2
311.2
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
113.2
111.0
112.5
113.4
115.2
Industrial Fuel
0
0
0
0
0
On-Site Incineration
19.8
14.5
15.9
17.6
20.7
Open Burning
160.0
0
0
0
0
Highway Vehicles
35,067.0
33,745.5
22,797.7
13,193.0
9,945.4
Aircraft
652.3
676.0
798.7
994.3
1,385.3
Railroad Locomotives
188.7
177.8
231.1
254.3
300.5
Vessels
22.4
24.1
27.8
32.9
41.7
Small Gasoline Engines
2,110.3"
.469.3
505.0
541.1
612.6
Agricultural Equipment
47.8
32.6
31.0
29.5
26.7
Construction Equipment
185.4
164.3
201.6
213.9
237.7
Small Point Sources
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.5
2.8
Structural Fires
5.2
5.4
5.8
6.2
7.1
Wild Forest Fires
2.2
2.2
1.5
1.5
1.5
Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity-
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Wind Blown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
-
535.8
576.5
617.8
699.8
Surface Coating
-
3,493.0
3,758.5
4,027.4
4,561.9
Petroleum Storage
-
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
-
1,204.5
1,300.9
1,361.1
1,421.3
Asphalt Paving
-
94.4
103.8
113.3
132.2
TOTAL
38,^94.3
41,069.3
30,782.2
21,829.0
L9,823.6
B-25
-------
TABLE B-28
AREA SOURCE EMISSION SUMMARY
JEFFERSON COUNTY - NITROGEN OXIDES (tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
1973
1975
1980.
1985
1995
Residential Fuel
1,288.3
1,278.5
1,302.8
1,318.3
1,349.9
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
1,451.1
1,418.6
1,453.2
1,472.4
1,513.6
Industrial Fuel
0
0
0
0
0
On-Site Incineration
18.2
13.3
14.6
16.2
19.1
Open Burning
80.0
0
0
0
0
Highway Vehicles
20,707.2
24,874.0
23,306.0
20,662.2
L8.026.6
Aircraft
378.1
391.8
462.9
576.3
802.9
Railroad Locomotives
742.5
699.7
909.6
1,000.6
1,182.5
Vessels
77.1
82.9
95.8
113.3
143.7
Small Gasoline Engines
193.2
45.4
48.9
52.4
59*3
Agricultural Equipment
112.6
51.9
49.4
46.9
kl>4
Construction Equipment
2,602.6
2,358.9
2,894.4
3,071.3
3,413*3
Small Point Sources
47.3
47.3
52.0
55.5
63-7
Structural Fires
2.6
2.7
2.9
3.1
3-5
Wild Forest Fires
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.3
0-3
Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Wind Blown Dust
0
0
o
o
0
Paved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
-
0
0
o
0
Surface Coating
-
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
-
0
o
o
0
Marketing of Petroleum
-
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
-
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
27,701.2
31,265.5
30,592.8
28,388.8
26,62^.
B-26
-------
TABLE B-29
AREA SOURCE EMISSION SUMMARY
FLOYD COUNTY - PARTICULATES (tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
1973
1975
1980.
1985
1995
Residential Fuel
48.3
28.7
29.4
29.7
31.1
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
15.1
6.2
6.4
6.5
6.6
Industrial Fuel
22.2
24.3
27.0
28.9
33.5
Oil-Site Incineration.
8.7
8.8
10.0
10.9
13.0
Open Burning
41.8
43.4
47.9
52.5
62.1
Highway Vehicles
109*1
117.8
92.9
00
-¦J
102.2
Aircraft
0
0
0
0
0
Railroad Locomotives
13.3
12.6
16.4
12.6
21.3
Vessels
6.2
6.6
7.9
9.4
12.2
Small Gasoline Engines
4.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.4
Agricultural Equipment
3.5
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.3
Construction Equipment
3.0
2.5
3.1
3.3
3.6
Small Point Sources
131.0
131.0
147.4
153.4
175.8
Structural Fires
3.2
3.3
3.5
3.8
4.3
Wild Forest Fires
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Roads
1,217.1
560.5
560.5
560.5
560.5
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
31.0
30.4
23.9
27.5
24.6
Construction Activity
10.8
61.4
75.3
79.9
88.8
Wind Blown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
203.8
407.9
448.7
489.5
571.1
Dry Cleaning
-
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
-
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
-
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
-
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
-
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
1,872.1
1,450.4
1,510.2
1,560.9
1,715.4
B-27
-------
TABLE B-30
AREA SOURCE EMISSION SUMMARY
FLOYD COUNTY - SULFUR DIOXIDE (tons/yeart
SOURCE CATEGORY
1973
1975
1980.
1985
1995
Residential Fuel
89.5
93.9
101.2
101.8
105.1
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
30.7
31.9
33.9
35.5
38.9
Industrial Fuel
53.7
59.4
66.3
71.0
82.6
On-Site Incineration
3.1
3.1
3.6
3.9
4.7
Open Burning
2.6
2.7
3.0
3.3
3.9
Highway Vehicles
35.4
64.5
67.1
71.1
82.9
Aircraft
0
0
0
0
0
Railroad Locomotives
26.0
24.6
32.0
35.2
41.6
Vessels
1.8
1.9
2.2
2.7
3-5
Small Gasoline Engines
2.0
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
Agricultural Equipment
2.4
2.7
2.6
2.4
2-2
Construction Equipment
3. 6
3.2
3.9
4.2
4.6
Small Point Sources
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
0
0
0
Wild Forest Fires
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Wind Blown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
-
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
0
0
0
o
Marketing of Petroleum
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
0
TOTAL
0
0
0
250.8
288.3
316.2
331.5
B-28
-------
TABLE B-31
AREA SOURCE EMISSION SUMMARY
FLOYD COUNTY - CARBON MONOXIDE (tons/year')
SOURCE CATEGORY
1973
1975
1980.
1985
1995
Residential Fuel
84.6
84.3
85.0
85.8
89.7
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
11.9
11.8
12.2
12.3
12.8
Industrial Fuel
7.8
8.6
9.6
10.3
12.Q
On-Site Incineration
35.4
35.4
10.1
10.9
13.2
Open Burning
221.8
230.6
254.5
278.8
330.2
Highway Vehicles
13,940.1
11,974.2
9,827.8
6,714.7
5,228.3
Aircraft
0
0
0
0
0
Railroad Locomotives
69.4
65.4
85.0
93.5
110.5
Vessels
53.7
56.7
65.6
80.6
104.4
Small Gasoline Engines
1,446.4
270.1
298.1
326.5
386.7
Agricultural Equipment
455.5
435.6
414.3
393.9
356.3
Construction Equipment
10.9
9.2
11.3
12.0
13.3
Small Point Sources
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
9.5
9.8
10.4
11.3
12.8
Wild Forest Fires
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Wind Blown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
-
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
-
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
-
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
-
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
-
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
1 '
16,347.0
13,191.7
11,083.9
8,030.6
6,670.2 |
B-29
-------
TABLE B-32
AREA SOURCE EMISSION SUMMARY
FLOYD COUNTY - HYDROCARBONS (tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
1973
1975
1980.
1985
1995
Residential Fuel
55.5
55.3
58.9
62.6
71.0
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.2
Industrial Fuel
4.5
5.0
5.6
5.9
6.9
On-Site Incineration
26.6
26.6
30.9
33.5
40.3
Open Burning
78.3
81.4
89.8
98.4
116.5
Highway Vehicles
1,497.6
2,720.0
1,837.6
1,063.4
801.7
Aircraft
0
0
0
0
0
Railroad Locomotives
50.2
47.3
61.5
67.6
79.9
Vessels
6.3
6.6
7.7
9.5
12.2
Small Gasoline Engines
167.5
38.1
42.0
46.0
54.5
Agricultural Equipment.
28.6
35.0
33.3
31.7
28.6
Construction Equipment
3.3
3.0
3.7
3.9
4.3
Small Point Sources
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
0.8
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
Wild Forest Fires
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Wind Blown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
-
39.5
43.6
47.8
56.6
Surface Coating
-
299.7
330.9
362.3
429.2
Petroleum Storage
-
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
-
45.0
48.6
50.9
53.1
Asphalt Paving
-
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
1,923.2
3,407.3
2,599.1
1,888.6
1,760.1
B-30
-------
TABLE B-33
AREA SOURCE EMISSION SUMMARY
FLOYD COUNTY - NITROGEN OXIDES (tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
1973
1975
1980.
1985
1995
Residential Fuel
112.2
111.7
117.3
119.4
124.0
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
64.3
63.2
64.7
65.6
67.5
Industrial Fuel
135.5
149.9
167.3
179.2
208.4
On-Site Incineration
3.5
3.5
4.1
4.4
5.3
Open Burning
15.7
16.3
18.0
19.7
23.3
Highway Vehicles
884.5
1,228.4
1,150.9
1,020.4
890.2
Aircraft
0
0
0
0
0
Railroad Locomotives
197.6
186.1
241.9
266.1
314.5
Vessels
21.7
22.9
26.5
32.6
42.2
Small Gasoline Engines
15.3
3.7
4.1
4.5
5.3
Agricultural Equipment
38.7
41.8
39.8
37.8
34.2
Construction Equipment
46.8
42.4
52.0
55.2
61.4
Small Point Sources
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
Wild Forest Fires
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Wind Blown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
-
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
-
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
-
0*
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
-
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
-
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
1,536.2
1,870.3
1,887.0
1,805.4
1,776.8
B-31
-------
TABLE B-34
AREA SOURCE EMISSION SUMMARY
CLARK COUNTY - PARTICULATES (tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
1973
1975
1980.
1985
1995
Residential Fuel
48.5
27.5
29.2
30.2
32.4
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
45.8
15.0
16.4
16.7
17.2
Industrial Fuel
61.2
88.3
124.8
170.1
251,9
On-Site Incineration
12.4
13.6
16.4
19.6
25,6
Open Burning
1,589.5
61.8
70.6
80.0
93,3
Highway Vehicles
273.4
314.2
270.4
265.7
309,7
Aircraft
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0,4
Railroad Locomotives
16.7
15.7
20.4
22.5
26.5
Vessels
20.8
22.3
26.4
31.4
40,5
Small Gasoline Engines
5.7
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.2
Agricultural Equipment
8.5
12.8
12.2
11.6
10,5
Construction Equipment
2.7
2.2
2.7
2.9
3.2
Small Point Sources
61.5
61.5
75.8
85.9
110,3
Structural Fires
3.3
3.6
4.2
4.9
6.2
Wild Forest Fires
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Roads
7,585.5
8,202.6
8,202.6
8
,202.6
8,202,6
Unpaved Airstrips
2.5
2.7
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
222.8
218.4
207.7
197.5
176.6
Construction Activity
17.3
96.2
118.1
125.3
139.3
Wind Blown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
510.6
1,022.0
1,124.2
1
,226.4
1,430.0
Dry Cleaning
-
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
-
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
-
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
-
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
-
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
10,488.8
10,181.9
10,323.8
10
,495.3
.0,878.4
B-32
-------
TABLE B-35
AREA SOURCE EMISSION SUMMARY
CLARK COUNTY - SULFUR DIOXIDE (tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
1973
1975
1980.
1985
1995
Residential Fuel'
82.6
87.1
99.8
103.6
112.4
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
122.5
138.9
144.0
148.1
156.7
Industrial Fuel
246.9
394.7
593.2
839.5
1,284.3
On-Site Incineration
4.4
4.8
5.8
6.9
9.0
Open Burning
Highway Vehicles
3.7
89.8
3.9
173.4
4.4
195.4
4.9
215.6
5.8
251.2
Aircraft
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.4
Railroad Locomotives
32.6
30.7
39.9
43.9
92.1
Vessels
6.1 3
6.5
7.6
9.0
11.5
Small Gasoline Engines
2.7
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.8
Agricultural Equipment
5.7
8.7
8.3
7.9
7.1
Construction Equipment
3.2
2.8
3.4
3.6
4.1
Small Point Sources
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
0
0
0
0
0
Wild Forest Fires
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
Wind Blown Dust
Paved Roads
Dry Cleaning
Surface Coating
Petroleum Storage
Marketing of Petroleum
Asphalt Paving
O O O 1 1 1 1 1
oooooooo
oooooooo
oooooooo
oooooooc
TOTAL
600.3
852.1
————————
1,102.5
1,383.8
1,935.4
B-33
-------
TABLE B-36
AREA SOURCE EMISSION SUMMARY
CLARK COUNTY - CARBON MONOXIDE (tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
1973
1975
1980.
1985
1995
Residential Fuel
70.4
70.1
74.9
78.0
85.4
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
25.2
24.9
25.4
25.8
26.5
Industrial Fuel
35.4
56.6
85.1
120.4
184.1
On-Site Incineration
24.8
27.1
32.7
38.9
50.7
Open Burning
4,816.1
328.1
375.3
414.1
495.8
Highway Vehicles
34,834.8
32,330.3
26,534.8
18,129.7
>116.3
Aircraft
55.7
55.7
79.8
116.0
188.4
Railroad Locomotives
86.9
81.8
106.3
117.0
138.2
Vessels
179.8
191.6
224.0
265.3
339.0
Small Gasoline Engines
2,061.0
384.2
439.6
485.0
580.7
Agricultural Equipment
1,115.4
1,162.3
1,105.3
1,051.2
950.7
Construction Equipment
9.7
8.2
10.1
10.7
U.9
Small Point Sources
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
9.6
10.5
12.2
14.3
18.0
Wild Forest Fires
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Wind Blown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
-
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
-
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
-
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
—
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
-
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
43,324.8
34,731.4
29,105.5
20,866.4
17,185.7
B-34
-------
TABLE B-37
AREA SOURCE EMISSION SUMMARY
CLARK COUNTY - HYDROCARBONS (tons/year')
SOURCE CATEGORY
1973
1975
1 1980.
1985
1995
Residential Fuel
48.3
48.1
53.4
57.4
66.2
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
7.7
7.6
7.7
7.7
7.9
Industrial Fuel
11.2
17.9
26.9
38.1
58.3
On-Site Incineration
18.7
20.4
24.6
29.3
38.2
Open Burning
471.6
115.8
132.5
146.2
175.0
Highway Vehicles
3,747.9
6,035.1
4,077.2
2,359.5
1,778.7
Aircraft
1.8
1-8
2.6
3.8
6.2
Railroad Locomotives
62.7
59.2
77.0
84.7
100.0
Vessels
21.0
22.4
26.2
31.0
39.6
Small Gasoline Engines
238.7
54.1
61.9
68.3
81.8
Agricultural Equipment
70.0
65.5
62.3
59.2
53.6
Construction Equipment
3.0
2.6
3.2
3.4
3.8
Small Point Sources
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.5
Wild Forest Fires
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Wind Blown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
-
73.3
83.9
92.5
110.8
Surface Coating
-
437.9
501.0
552.6
661.7
Petroleum Storage
-
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
-
84.2
90.9
95.1
99.1
Asphalt Paving
-
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
4,703.4
7,046.8
5,232.3
3,630.0
3,282.7
B-35
-------
TABLE B-38
AREA SOURCE EMISSION SUMMARY
CLARK COUNTY - NITROGEN OXIDES (tons/year)
SOURCE CATEGORY
1973
1975
1980.
1985
199$
Residential Fuel
132.7
131.5
138.6
141.4
147.;
Commercial/Institutional Fuel
145.8
143.3
146.0
148.0
152.*
Industrial Fuel
450.5
720.2
1,082.4
1,531.8
2,343.4
On-Site Incineration
2.5
2.7
3.3
3.9
Open Burning
202.3
23.2
26.5
29.2
3S.C
Highway Vehicles
2,214.6
4,606.3
4,316.0
3,826.3
3,338.?
Aircraft
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.!
Railroad Locomotives
247.1
232.9
302.8
333.0
393.e
Vessels
64.0
68.2
79.7
94.4
120.;
Small Gasoline Engines
21.9
5.2
6.0
6.6
1 A
Agricultural Equipment
112.2
125.7
119.5
113.7
102.*
Construction Equipment
41.5
37.7
46.3
49.1
54.*
Small Point Sources
0
0
0
0
0
Structural Fires
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.6
0J
Wild Forest Fires
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Unpaved Airstrips
0
0
0
0
0
Tilling Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Construction Activity
0
0
0
0
0
Wind Blown Dust
0
0
0
0
0
Paved Roads
0
0
0
0
0
Dry Cleaning
-
0
0
0
0
Surface Coating
-
0
0
0
0
Petroleum Storage
-
0
0
0
0
Marketing of Petroleum
-
0
0
0
0
Asphalt Paving
-
0
0
0
0
TOTAL
3,635.7
6,097.5
6,267.9
6,278.5
6,702/
B-36
-------
APPENDIX C
TOTAL POINT SOURCE HYDROCARBON
EMISSIONS BY SIC CODE
C-l
-------
APPENDIX C
TOTAL POINT SOURCE HYDROCARBON
EMISSIONS BY SIC CODE
Table C-l summarizes total hydrocarbon emissions by SIC code
for all Kentucky counties except Jefferson County. The data for
Jefferson County is not available at this time. Table C-2
summarizes total hydrocarbon emissions by SIC code for Floyd and
Jefferson Counties.
C-2
-------
TABLE C-l
TOTAL POINT SOURCE HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS
BY SIC CODE FOR BULLITT, HARDIN, HENRY. OLDHAM.
SHELBY AND SPENCER COUNTIES (TONS/YEAR)
OPERATION
SIC CODE
EMISSIONS
Crushed and Broken Limestone
Misc. Nonmetallic Minerals
Not Elsewhere Classified
Flour and Other Grain Mill
Products
Prepared Feeds and Feed
Ingredients for Animals and
Foul Not Elsewhere Classified
Distilled, Rectified, and Blended
Liquors
Sawmills and Planing Mills -
General
Wood Pallets and Skids
Plastic Materials, Synthetic
Resins and Non Vulcanizable
Elastomers
Synthetic Rubber (Vulcanized
Elastomers)
Fertilizers, Mixing Only
Paving Mixtures and Blocks
Fabricated Rubber Products
Not Elsewhere Classified
Miscellaneous Plastic Products
Concrete Products, Except Block
and Brick
Ready-Mixed Concrete
Steel Wire Drawing and Steel
Nails and Spikes
1422
1499
2041
2048
2085
2421
2448
2821
2822
2875
2951
3069
3079
3272
3272
3315
805.8
8,597.0
52.0
26.9
2,722.8
0.1
1.0
95.3
2.4
50.0
69.4
200.0
101.3
0.3
88.3
41.7
C-3
-------
TABLE C-l (CONT'D.)
TOTAL POINT SOURCE HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS
BY SIC CODE FOR BULLITT, HARDIN, HENRY, OLDHAM,
SHELBY AND SPENCER COUNTIES (TONS/YEAR)
OPERATION SIC CODE EMISSIONS
Primary Production of Aluminum 3334 194.2
Fabricated Metal Products, Not
Elsewhere classified 3499 11.1
Conveyors and Conveying Equipment 3535 4.0
Sporting and Athletic Good, Not
Elsewhere Classified 3949 1.0
Costime Jewelry, Costume Novelties,
Buttons and Miscellaneous Notions,
Except Precious Metal 3960 1.7
Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals 5171 228.5
Grocery Stores 5411 4.5
General Medical and Surgical Hospitals 8062 94.5
C-4
-------
TABLE C-2
TOTAL POINT SOURCE HYDROCARBON EMISSIONS
BY SIC CODE FOR CLARK AND FLOYD COUNTIES (TONS/YEAR)
OPERATION
SIC CODE
EMISSIONS
Distilled, Rectified and Blended Liquors
2085
1,707
Wood Kitchen Cabinets
2434
735
Hardwood Veneer and Plywood
2435
137
Wood Household Furniture, Except
Upholstered
2511
1,640
Industrial Inorganic Chemicals,
Not Elsewhere Classified
2819
1
Soap and Other Detergents, Except
Specialty Cleaners
2841
5
Explosives
2892
57
Aluminum Extruded Products
3354
111
Electroplating, Plating, Polishing,
Anodizine and Coloring
3471
7
Electric Services
4911
215
Refuse Systems
4953
270
Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals
5171
146
C-5
------- |