United Stales Region 8 library
Environmental Protection Denver CO
Agency
oEPA A Special
Information Service:
EMISSIONS
FROM
WOOD COMBUSTION
June, 1987
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-it-32 3
The materials in this short bibliography were obtained from several
databases, so there is a variation in format. Many of the citations
listed here are from 1986 and 1987 sources. There are many other reports
and articles on the subject which can be accessed through the library.
oo^z
CA
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EMISSIONS FROM WOOD COMBUSTION
0 L!i:\i/9 *i.J6-041.845 , . ,
AMt 'L.INCi AND ANALYSIS METHODS FOR USE IN SOURCE APPORTIONMENT STUD IL b 10
DETERMINE IMPACT OF WOOD BURNING ON FINE PARTICLE MASS,
STEVENS ROBERT K.
L-1' A y N C y
\ tW NIL i I 985, V1.lv N2-4y P271 (13)
.JOURNAL ARTICLE AEROSOL SAMPLING AND ANALYSTS PROCEDURES WHICH MAY HI
USED TO OBTAIN AMBIENT AIR MEASUREMENTS FOR INPUT INTO SOURCE APPORI ^ T.
STUDIES ARE DESCRIBED. THE PROCEDURES AND MEASUREMENTS CAN BE EMPLOYED ^.h.
I'S f I MAfJ NO TI-IF IMPACT OF UIOOD BURNING ON AMBIENT PARTICULATE I.. OAD T NG;> .
AMBIENT UII N'l ERT IMF FINE PARTICLE COMPOSITIONS IN DENVER* CO » AND
ALBUQUERQUEy NMy ARE USED AS EXAMPLED l-OR RECEPTOR MODEL CALCULATION..).
(JASSESS]NO I HL IMPACT OF RES'l DENT IA L_ WDOD COMBUSTION USING A SOURCE AND
Kl i I I' f DP MODI' l..»
ill. YI l\"! RI CHARD L .
mL.,V.>UA PACIFIC UNIVy
I IN" IIFAI II In SEP OCT 85, V48, N2 y I "62(5) _ _
JOURNAl ART LCI. L TWO INDEPENDENT MODELS ARE USED TO DETERMINE THE TM PA CI
OF RESIDENT TAI WOOD COMBUSTION ON WINTER PARTICULATE LEVEES IN FACLE R . I \ >
AN. A SOURCE EMJ SSION MODEL BASED ON A WORST CASE CONDITION FOR
BURNING I Nil I CAT ED THAT ABOUT 70% OF THE PRLD1CIED WINTER PARTICULATE LEVE
OF 140 MU/CU M LS DUE TO RFSIDF NTIAL. WOOD COMBUSTION. A RECL.F TOR MODEL
ACCURATELY PREDICTED FO I AL. SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER CONCENT RA FIONS r AND
PARTICULATES COULD BE APPORTIONED BETWEEN MAJOR' SOURCES.
1209823 PB86-222924/XAB
Integrated A i. r Cancer Project, Source Measurempnt
Leese, K. E. } McCrillis, R. C.
Research Iriansrlo Inst, n Research Triangle F'ark , NC.
Corp. Source Codes: 045968000
3rriPFr^rI: rn^lr0r"T,£?nt3J PrQtl?ctlon A!lHncy' Research Triangle Parky N(\ A . r
and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Report No.} EPA/600/D-86/152
Jul 86 25p
Fnvlrnr*or+^i*i ?PC? ¦ ar"?ual ffieetir.a» Minneapolis, MN Jun 86. Sponsors! h'.<
Environmental Frotectior, Agency, Research Triangle Parky NC. Air and Fner^.
Engineering Research Lah. * i
Languages: English
NFISFrices: PC A02/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8622
Country of Publication? United States
Contract No..* EF'A-68-02-3992
The paper describes tests of four woodstove operating paramo U.> r«, at two
h = iT-* + \ ° rat£?' W°°d wood load, and wood A
half factorial experimental test design allowed statistical evaluation of
. , CJ* each parameter on measured emissions of polycuclic aromatic
^rrir°rfr??n.S (,PAHs): particulates, total hydrocarbons (THCs), CO, elumci, t<>,
and C1-C7 hydrocarbons. The control of burn rate and wood moisture uontonl,
ere the most statistically significant parameters affecting
- iisbionb. Elemental emissions were most significantly affected hw hum
rote and wood type. Overall, significant charges, even reductions in FotaL
J.scions, can be made Just by the way a woodstove is operated.
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2.
1224704 PB87-119897/XAB
Test Method Evaluations and Emissions Testing for Rating Wood Stoves
(Final rept. Jun 85-Apr 86)
Cottone* L. E. ? Messem E.
Endi nee rind-Sc i ence y Fairfj::* VA.
Corp. Source Codes? 077488000
Sponsor? Radian Corp.» Resea rch Triangle Park* NC.? Erwi ronmen ta.1
Protection Agency* Research Triangle Parky NC . Air and Energy Ei idinee r l i p.;
Research L3b.
Report No.? EPA/600/2-86/100
Oct 06 147p
Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp.* Research Triangle Parky NC.
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Adencyy Research Triangle Park y NC.
Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Languages ? English
NTIS Prices? PC A07/MF A01 Journal Announcement ? GRAI8703
Country of Publication? United States
Contract No.? EPA-68-02-39945 EPA-68 -02-3850
The report dives results of a comparison of three sampling methods for
wood burr.ind stoves? the EPA Modified Method 5 (MM5) y the f) re.-J on Method 7
(0M7)y arid the ASTM proposed Method F' 18 0. It also addresses the effect, that
emission format (drams per hour* drams per kilogram wood burned* microgram*,
per joule heat output) has on the intermethod correlations. Five stoves
(two catalytic? one noncatalytic deneric* one noncatalytic hidh efficiencyy
and one catalytic fireplace insert) were tested. Test results showed good
correlations between the total train emissions obtained with each method.
The strength of the correlations varied with the emission format? the drams
per hour format, showed the strongest correlation. POM emissions showed
general (but weak) correlation with total emissions when the drams per hour
format was used? there were no correlations when the emissions were
expressed in either of the other two formats.
Descriptors? JKAir pollution? ^Combustion? ^Stoves? Combustion products?
Performance? Quality assurance? Tables(Data)
Identifiers? *Air sampling? *Wood burning appliances? Stationary sources?
N FISEPAORD
Section Headings? 68A (Environmental Pollution and Control--Air Pollution
and Control)? 81A (Combustiony Engines* and F'ropel]ants—Combustion and
Ignition)
0184112 #86-054221
C H A R A C T Q. R ]"Z A T10 N AND SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF WINTERTIME AEROSOL LN A
WOOD-BURNING COMMUNITYy
SEXTON KEN ? LIU KAI-SHEN ? HAYWARD STEVEN B. ? SF'ENGLER JOHN D.
III 7.1 Til FFTECTS INSTf MA y
ATMOSPHERIC LNV i 1.985* V19» N8y PI 225(12)
PI SEARCH ARTICLE A STUDY INVESTIGATED THE EFFECTS OF RESIDENTIAL
W0UD-BURNING EMISSIONS ON AMBIENT AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS IN WATERBIJRY > VI' y
DURING JANUARY-MARCH 1982. DATA ON TOTAL» INHALABLEy AND RESPIRABL F
PARTICLES WERE COLLECTED AT THREE MONITORING SITES. PARTICULATE CARBON
ACCOUNTED FOR MOST OF THE RESPIRABLE PARTICULATE MASS* WHILE SULFATE
COMPRISED NO MORE THAN 25%. ELEVATED POTASSIUM/IRON RATIOS AND 11 I'd I
PARTICULATE-PHASE C CONTENT WERE CONSISTENT WITH EXPECTED CONTRIBUTIONS
PROM RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION. A VARIETY OF SOURCE APPORTIONMENT'
TECHNIQUES INDICATE THAT LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT AND LOCAL SOURCES ARE THE
MAJUR DETERMINANTS OF WINTERTIME FINE FRACTION MASS CONCENTRATIONS.
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3.
1212639 PB86-224326/XAB
Evaluation of Low-Emission Wood Stoves
(Research rept. (Final))
Shelton * J. U. * Gju* L. Ul.
Shelton Research* Incur Santa Fp» NM.
Corp. Source Codes J 086397000
Sponsor? California State A.i r Resources Board, Sac rainento.
Report No.: RR-1086* ARB--R-06/27V
Jun 86 117p
Sponsored by California State ALr Resources Board? Sacramento.
Languages? English
NTIS Prices? PC A06/MF A01 Journal Announcement? DRAI8623
Country of Publication? Uni. Led States
Emissions and efficiencies of five residential woadburnma heaters urn--
measured. Measured emissions included particulate matter >*
benzene* oxides of nitrogen (NQx)* total combustibles* elemental carbon*
cyanide (CN--)» ammonia (NH3) and creosote. Three fuels were used* although
not ln all appliances -- dimensional Douglas fir lumber (as specified in
the Oregon and Colorado emissions standards)* seasoned oak lods and 3reen
oak logs. The appliances consisted of a conventional airtight stove* a
catalytic stove* two non-catalytic advanced technology stoves* and a wood
pellet stove. Appliance effects were strong. All products of incomplete
combustion (PM* CO* HC* benzene* PAH* elemental carbon* creosote and
combustibles) were lowest for the pellet, burner* next lowest for the
catalytic stove* and highest for the conventional airtight stove.
Descriptors? *Heatmg equipment* fcStoves* Combustion products* Aromatic
polycyclic hydrocarbons* Carbon monoxide* Cyanides* Ammonia* Nitrogen
oxides
Identifiers? #Wood burning appliances* ^Stationary sources* ^Particulate
sampling* *Indoor air pollution* Houses* Creosote* NTISCARBRA
Section Headings? 13B (Mechanical* Industrial* Civil* and Marine
Engineering--Civil Engineering)* 68A (Environmental Pollution and
Control--Air Pollution and Control); 97R (Energy—Environmental Studies)
5/7/8
04908559 83141559
Mutagenicity of air samples from various combustion sources.
holler M* Alfheim I
Mutat Res Jan 1983* 116 (1 ) p35-46* ISSN 0027-510"/ Journal Code?
NNA
Languages? ENGLISH
The emission of mutagens from various combustion sources was compared.
Flue gas samples from power plants and boilers burning coal* oil and wood
were studied. Little or no mutagenic activity was observed in scmrles from
big boilers operated under optimal conditions. The mutagenic activity of
emission samples from different boiler systems burning the same fuel vsned
considerably. This variation was larger than the difference obtained from
boilers of comparable size utilizing different fuels. The highest mutagenic
activity was observed in samples from a small coal combustion unit*
utilizing the f lui di zed-bed technictue* Iri this case the activity w = s
highest without metabolic activation. Extracts from all samples contained
toxic compounds that* in high doses* inhibited mutagenicity.
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4.
1228678 PB87-853495/XAB
Wood Burning Furnaces? Pollution and Envi roniriton Is ~ 1978-198 6 ( C i La IL ons
from the Energy Data Base)
(Kept. for 1978-86)
National Technical Information Servicer Springf iel d* UA.
Corp. Source Codes J 055665000
Jar. 87 58p
Supersedes PB85--071218. Prepared in cooperation with Department of1
Energy* Washingtony DC.
U . S . sales a11 L y.
Languages! English Document Type J Bibliography
NTIS Prices; PC N01/MF N01 Journal Announcement ! GRAI8705
Country of Publication! United States
This bibliography con lams citations concern:! fig r-o'L Luti oi i and
environmental aspects with regards to the use of wood burning furn<;i os.
U i. ifi i-..>s i oi is on air pollution control techniques and i^nv i roi hiipi i ta L i mt <>r I,-.,
of residential. and mdijstrial use of wood furnaces an? i ri i U" i.
Regulations* measurement » and analysis of pollutant emissions from wood
combustion are included. (This updated bibliography contains 122 citations*
19 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)
Descriptors! *Bibliographies? IFurnaces! *Air pollution control?
Combustion products? Industrial wastes? Gas analysis? Residential buildings
r Environmental impacts? Regulations
Identifiers! #Wood burning furnaces? Air pollution detection? NTISNTISE?
NTISNERACD
Section Headings! 68A# (Environmental Pollution and Control --Al r
Pollution and Control)? 97J* (Enersia—Heating and Cooling Systems)? 89B*
(Building Industry Technology--Architectural Design and Erivi ronnienta]
Engineering)? 41GE (Manufacturing Technology--General)? 946E (Industrial
and Mechanical Engineering—General)? 88E (Library and Information
Sciences—Reference Materials)
5/7/7
05011810 83244810
Effect of emissions from residential wood stoves on SCE induction in CH0
cells.
Hytonen S? Alfheim I» Sorsa M
Mutat Res Jul 1983, 118 (1-2) P69-75* ISSN 0027-5107 Journal Code!
NNA
Languages! ENGLISH
The SCE-induction capacity of emissions from an airtight horizontal
baffled residential wood stove was investigated in CH0 cells. The -zanirle;
were taken under normal.and starved air conditions* from burning birch snd
spruce separately. Both particle phase and vapour Phase were collected. All
samples induced a dose-related response in SCE both with and without .)
metabolic activation system* the rat-liver microsomal fraction. The burrnns
conditions in the stove influenced the mutageniclty of the emissions more
than the type of wood? the smoke from wood burning under starved air
conditions was more than one order of magnitude more potent in inducing a
significant SCE response. With all samples* the response in SCE induction
was highest without metabolic activation. The toxicity of the samples*
especially those without S9> limited the dose-range tested.
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5.
Method 5)*
Emissions
G. * West, 1 iny
QM7 (Oregon Method 7)t and
P. R. * LJeanty G. E.
T riangle
Parky NC,
Parky NC.* Environments]
Air and Erie ray Engineering
Resea rch
Research
T riangle
T riangle
Park y
P a r k y
NC
NC
1212634 PB86-223096/XAB
Comparisons between MM5 (Modified
Draft ASTM Measurements of Wood Stove
McCrillis* R. C. * Merrilly R.
Wagoner* D. E.
Engineering-Science* Inc. y Cary> NC.
Corp. Source Codes J 086405000
Sponsor! Radian Corp.* Research
Protection Agency* Research Triangle
Research Lab.
Report No.: EPA/600/D--86/150
Jul 86 20p
Prepared in cooperation with Radian Corp.*
Sponsored by Environmental Protection Agency*
Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Languages! English
NT IS Prices: PC A02/MF A01 Journal Announcement J
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.J EPA--68-02-3996
The paper compares three candidate sampling methods-—the EPA Modified
Method 5 (MM5)* the Oregon Method 7 (QM7)* and the ASTM proposed Method
P180--preparatory to selecting a wood stove operating procedure and related
emission sampling method. (NOTE: The EPA is developing a New Source
Performance Standard for wood burning stoves. This is one of several issues
to be resolved during the development process). Five wood stoves (two
catalytic* one noncatalytic generic* one noneatalytic high efficiency* and
one catalytic fireplace insert) were tested. Results showed good
correlations between the emission measurements obtained with each method.
Descriptors! *Air pollution* Stoves* Combustion products* Performance
Identifiers! *Wood burning appliances* Stationary sources* Air sampling*
NTISEPA0RD
Section Headings! 13E< (Mechanical * Industrial* Civil* and Marine
Erigineering--Ci vi 1 Engineering)* 68A (Environmental Pollution and
Control--Air Pollution and Control)* 97R (Energy—Environmental Studies)
GRAI8623
5/7/6
05170183 84094183
Air pollution emission profiles of to:;ic and trace elements from energy
related sources! status and needs.
Lioa PJ
Neurotoxicology Fall 1983* 4 (3) P103-12* ISSN 0161-813X
Journal Code! 0AP
Contract/Grant No.! ES 00260* CA 13343
Languages! ENGLISH
The preceding was by no means a comprehensive analysis on the present
state of knowledge on trace elements in combustion sources* or the
differences that would be expected. However* it does point to avenues and
directions of some of the future research. Also* the needs 1) to resolve
source in areas of great emissions complexity* or 2) to assign sources of
specific hazardous materials. Current efforts are focussed on understanding
the impact of particular sources of pollutants at a receptor site. This
information will provide the means for assessment of any potential h a z 3 r <:l
of a source to the general community and the size and mass distribution of
these materials at a receptor. Considering the types and volume of data
necessary to catalog source types and eventually assess community litipacts*
the development of a national resource with far more sensitive and accurate
multielement analysis of air pollutants is warranted. Interaction of air
Quality arid nuclear analytical research groups in collaborative research
projects should be fostered arid commitments made to develop pools of l^r^y
and small users.
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6.
5/7/4
05474957 85090957
Short-term bioassays of fractionsted emission samples from wood
combustion.
Alfheim I, Becher G* Hongslo JK> Lazaridis Gi Lofroth G» Romdahl T»
Rivedal E» Salom3a S? Sanner T> Sorss M
Teratogenesis Carcinog Mutagen 1984i 4 <6) P459-75, ISSN 0270-3211
Journal Code! VM9
Lansuaaes! ENGLISH
Extracts of an emission sample from wood burninSi consisting of r-articles
and volatiles, have been fractionated on an HF'LC silica -Jcjl column into
five fractions of increasing polarity, Nonfractionated samples and the
in dividual fractions have been tested in three different chort-term
bioassays: the Ames Salmonella assay* the sister chromatid exchange (SCE)
induction-test in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CH0)» and the cell
transformation test on Syrian hamster embryo (SHE) cells, host of the total
activity was found in the volatile part of the sample with all three
biD3sssssi whereas the particle extract had the highest activity per unit
nass extracted. The second most polar fraction contained most of the mass
and was also highly active in all assays. The most polar fraction was ver1;
potent in the Salmonella assay* but showed only a weak response in the
eukaryotic bioassays. Storage of the s:tn. sles for several months at 0
degrees C revealed that the bacterial mutagens present in the most polar
fraction were labile* the mutagenicity Wi3s almost totally lost after 1
year's storage.
'¦j/4
¦J62'.iiU95 DOC TYPE'. ARTICLE GENUINE ARTICLE*: SN914 21 REFS
f.L-DEHYDE EMISSIONS FROM WOOD- BURNING FIREPLACES (ENGLISH)
LIFAKI F» HASCH JM> SCRUGGS UF
Gfl CGRF,DEPT ENVIR0NM SCIfRES LAPS/WARREN//MI/48090
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY * V18» N5» P326-330, 1984
'?/M0
5/7/5
05184272 84108272
Mutagenicity testing of high performance liauid chromatography fractions
from wood stove emission samples using a modified Salmonella assay
reauiring smaller sample volumes.
Alfheim If Becher G» Hongslo JK* Ramdahl T
Environ Mutagen 1984, 6 (1) P91-102, ISSN 0192-2521 Journal Code!
Languages? ENGLISH
Organic extracts of emissions from wood combustion hove been fractionated
by high performance liauid chromatography (HPLC) into 25-28 fractions. E,3ch
fraction was tested for mutagenic activity in a modified Ames
Salmonella/microsome bioassay reauiring one-third of the test volumes
needed for the ususal test. Direct mutagenic activity was noted
predominantly in the most polar fractions, whereas indirect mutagenic
activity was associated with the fractions containing polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons (PAH) and with polar fractions probably consisting of
aza-a renes and aromatic amines.
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7.
06174995 87148995
Mutagenicity assay of emission extracts from wood stoves! comparison with
other emission parameters.
Lofroth G> Lazaridis G> Rudling L
Nordic School of Public Health* Gothenburg* Sweden.
Sci Total Environ (NETHERLANDS) Dec 31 1986* 58 (3) P199-208* ISSN
0048-9697 Journal Code! UJO
Languages! ENGLISH
The emission from wood stoves of several tyres of sir pollutants has been
measured under standardised burning conditions with emphasis on the amount
of organic compounds arid determination of the mutagenic activity with the
Salmonella/microsome assay. The study corroborates earlier findings that
conventional wood stoves can be a significant source of hydrocarbon arid tar
compounds in the ambient air. The emission of mutagenic compounds comprise
both compounds reauiririg mammalian activation and compounds which ore
active in the test without exogenous activation. The mutagenicitv te«.ts
show that nitrooromatic compounds are present in wood stove emission-:?
although the emission of nitrogen o::ides is low. A wood stove constructed
using the dowridraft principle emitted much less hydrocarbons arid tar* less
mutagenic components and slightly less carbon monoxide than conventional
wood stoves.
0184461 *86-056040
ASSESSING f HE IMPACT OF RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION USING A SOURCE AND
RECEPTOR MODEL?
MErLRS RICHARD L.
ALASKA PACIFIC UNIV*
J tMV HEALTH, SEP-0CT 85, V48* N2* P62<5>
.JOURNAL AK1ICLE TWO INDEPENDENT MODELS ARE USED TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT
OF RESIDENTIAL W.00D COMBUSTION ON WINTER PARTICULATE LEVELS IN EAGLE RIVER,
AK. A SOURCE EMISSION MODEL BASED ON A WORST CASE CONDITION FOR WOOD
BURNING INDICATED THAT ABOUT 70% OF THE PREDICTED WINTER PARTICULATE LEVEL
OF 140 MG/CU M IS DUE TO RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION. A RECEPTOR MODEL
ACCURATELY PREDICTED TOTAL SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER CONCENTRATIONS* AND
PARTICULATES COULD BE APPORTIONED BETWEEN MAJOR SOURCES.
8^-0 7 758
Sins of em i ssion
K e o u g h * J .
Address not stated
ENERGY REV VOL. 13* NO. 2* p. 59* Publ.YrJ 1986
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
Languages! ENGLISH
Heating with wood saves about 100 million bbl of oil/year» according to
the Wood Heating Alliance. The stoves also produce an enourmous amount of
air pollution* including polycyclic organic matter (POM) which contains
carcinogens. Wood stoves could be emitting 7 million tons of particulate
matte r-52»000 tons of
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8.
07-00056
Receptor modeling study of Denver winter hsze
L e w i s * C . W . * B a u m g 3 r d n e r * R . E . * S t e v e n s t R. K . * ftusswurnif G. M .
Atmos. Sci. Res. Lab.* U.S. EF'A* Research Triangle Park* NC 27711 * USA
ENVIRON. SCI. TECHNOL VOL. 20* NO. lln pp. 1126-1136* Publ.YrJ 1986
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
Languages! ENGLISH
A multiple-regression slna1e-e1ement tracer method in combination with SO
.'io (?) and NO sub(x) emissions inventory scaling was used to estimate
"3,|I'L' contributions to fine and coarse aerosol mass and light extinction*
iiM'c, NO. 12* pt. 1 * Fubl.Yr.
1936
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH* Order No. FAD DAB523662.
Languages; ENGLISH ^ ^ ^ r, a
The model and the statistical and expenn.er.tsl techniaues for using
gaseous species to trace sources of particulate air pollution are
developed. The model is implemented in a simple environment and the results
'are compared with those obtained from the concurrent arplication of other
¦' models. In particular, measurements of elevated concentrations of the gas
methyl chloride* CH sub(3)Cl* in the Portland* Oregon area are used to
*ouantify the contribution of residential wood combustion to fine
particulate pollution. The method renuires accurate measurements of the gas
to aerosol ratios in the source emissions arid knowledge of all sources
contributing to the ambient concentrations of the gases.
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9.
87-00071.
Psrticul ate * carbon monoxide* and acid emission factors for residential
wnnd burning stoves
P11 r n e t * F.G. i Edmisten* N ~ G ~ » T i e g s * F'. E . * H o u c k * J.E i i Y o d e r * R » A ~
OMNI Environ. S e r v» Inc.* 10950 S. W. Fifth St» » Suite 160* Beaverton* OR
97005. USA
J, AIR FOLLUT. CONTROL ASSOC MOL. 3 6t NO. 9, r-p, 1012-1018*
F*ub ] . Yr J 1 98A
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
L .3 n g u a g e s J ENGLISH
Emissions from residential wood burning stoves are of increasing concern
in many areas. This concern is due to the magnitude of the emissions arid
the toxic and chemical characteristics of the pollutants. Recent testing of
i-ridsrd and new technology woodstoves has provided data for developing a
family of particulate and carbon monoxide emission factor curve: . This
testing hps also provided data illustrating the acidity of woodstove
emissions. The particulate and carbon monoxide curves relate the actual
stove emissions to the stove size and operating parameters of burn rate?
fuel loading* and fuel moisture. Curves relating stove types to the acidity
of emissions have also been constructed. Test data show actual emissions
vary from 3 to 50 grams per kilogram for particles and from 50 to 300 grams
rer kilogram for carbon monoxide. Since woodstove emissions are the largest
single category of particulate emissions in many areas* it is essential
that these emissions be auantified specifically for geographic regions'
allowing meaningful impact analysis modeling to be accomp1ished. Emission
factors for particles and carbon monoxide are presented from several stove
sizes and burn rates.
87-00295
Ubiouitous occurrence of 2-nitrofluoranthene and 2-nitropyrene in air
R3mdah1t T.* Zielinska* B.* Arey* J.? Atkinson* R.» Winer? A.M.? Pitts'
J . N . * J r .
Statewide Air F'ollut, Res. Cent.* Univ. California* Riverside* CA 92521*
USA
NATURE VOL. 321* NO. 6068* pp. 425-427- Publ.Yrt 1986
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
Languages4. ENGLISH
Several nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (nitro-F'AH) ere
direct-acting mutagens and/or carcinogenes* and are important constituents
of combustion emissions and ambient air. These nitro-F'AH are emitted from
various combustion sources including gasoline and diesel engine exhaust'
.* 1 u m 1 n i u m smelting effluent* c o 31 fly ash* wood smoke* and cigarette smoke
condensates. Of these* diesel engine exhaust is the best characterized'
more than 50 nitrated polycyclic aromatic compounds having been identified
by F'aputa-F'eck et al.* including 1-nitropyrene <1-NP) as the single most
abundant nitro-F'AH. Evidence of the atmospheric formation of nitro-F'AH has
come only recently* from observations that 2-nitropyrene (2-NP) and
2-nitrofluorarithene (2-NF) neither of which has been reported to be emitted
from combustion sources* are among the major nitro-F'AH present in ambient
air. The authors present data from several locations which demonstrate that
these two atmospherically formed nitro-F" AH are ubiouitous in t rophosF he r l <:
ambient air.
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10.
B7--00275
Source emission ch3 rscte r i Z3t i on of res i dent i 31 wood-burning stoves and
fi replaces! Fine particle/methyl chloride ratios for use in chemical mass
balance modeling
Fdgerton? S . A . ? K h 31 i 1 ? M . A . K . ? R a s m u s s e n ? R. A.
Environ. Phys. 3nd Chem. Sect.? Bsttelle Columbus Biv.? Columbus? OH
43201? USA
ENVIRON. SCI, TECHNOL VOL. 20? NO. 8? pp. 803-807? Publ.Yr! 1986
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
L .-ridu 3ges ! ENGLISH
The results of an experiment to determine the ratio of fine aerosol to
methyl chloride in residential wood burning are presented. Accur?tp
measurements of this ratio are necessary for receptor models that use
methyl chloride 3s 3 uniaue tracer of woodsmoke snd for chemical mass
balance (CMB) models that include methyl chloride in the wood-burning
source composition matri::. It is demonstrated how the values of the fine
particle to methyl chloride ratios for various types of wood 3rid burn
conditions may be used in <3 stratified sampling scheme to determine a
composite value of the ratio. .The ratio is used in 3 CMB calculation to
estimate the wood-burning contribution to fine particulate concentrations
in a residential neighborhood. R'stios of several hydrocarbon g3ses to CO
sub<2) in residential wood burning are also presented for use in models
that may attempt source reconcilation of hydrocarbon species.
5/7/7
80070330 v 8 n 9
Air emissions from combustion of wood in space-heating stoves
Hijihes • T . W .
M' > n <- 3 n t o - E n v i r 0 n m e n t a 1
"77-rd Annual Air Pollution Control Association Meeting & Exhibition B02
0134 Montreal? Canada 22-27 Jun 80
Air Pollution Control Association
Paper Not 80-13.4
Abstracts (Eng) in booklet form? 15 Jul 80? *5.00! APCA? P.0, Bo;; 2861?
Pittsburgh? PA 15230. Papers (Eng) ordered individually? 14 Jul 80? $3.50
per paper prepaid! Publications Dept.? APCA? above.
Languages! English
Doc Type! CONFERENCE PAPER
80070161 v8n9
Particulate emissions from wood burning and the implications for health
Butcher? S. S.
Rowdoin College
73rd Annual Air Pollution Control Association Meeting % Exhibition 802
0184 Montreal? Canada 22-27 Jun 80
Air Pollution Control Association
F'.?p?r No! 80-22.5
Abstracts (Eng) in booklet form? 15 Jul 80? $5.00! APCA? P.O. Bo;-: 2861?
Pittsburgh? PA 15230. Papers (Eng) ordered individually? 14 Jul 80* *3.50
per paper prepaid! Publications Dept.? APCA? above.
Languages! English
Doc Type! CONFERENCE PAPER
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11.
S3 025559 v9n3
The contribution of wood combustion to national pollutant emissions
J<33siri3> D. R'.? Kurstedtr H. A.
U i r S i. n i a Polytechnic Inst. And State Univ.? B1 a c k s b u r g * V A 24061
3rd Miami International Conference on Alternative Energy Sources 804
0451 Ba 1 Harbour* Florida 15-17 Dec 80
International Association for Hydrogen Energy? Clean Energy Research
Institute? University of Miami (School of Engineering and Architecture>•
International Atomic Energy Agency? International Association for Housing
Science? International Solar Energy Society
Abstracts (Eng) in bound volume? 15 Dec 80? Clean Energy Research Inst.?
Univ. of Miami* Coral Gables* FL 33124. Papers (Eng) in hardcover volume*
Nov 81 J Hemisphere Publishing Corp.* Washington* DC.
Languages; English
Doc Type: CONFERENCE PAPER
83015084 V11N3
Method for sampling and analysis of organic emissions from residential
wood combustion
Cooke* M»* Allen* J.M.? Graham* M.S.? Knight* C.V.? Knight* D.K»* Kuberg*
0. W .
Bottelle's Columbus Lab.
American Chemical Society 184th National Meeting 8230001 Kansas City*
M0 12-17 Sep 82
American Chemical Society (ACS)
For information please contact? American Chemical Society* A.T. Winstead*
1155 16th St. N'-J* Washington* DC 20036* USA
Languages; ENGLISH
83039402 V11N7
A comparison of emissions from residential wood/coal stoves and a
residential wood-chip burner
Truesdale* R.S.
Res. Triangle Inst.
Stationary Combustion NO sub(x) Control 1982 Joint Symposium 8245022
Dallas* TX 1-4 Nov 82
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)? Electric Power Research Institute
(EPRI)
1983* Proceedings available; Ms. Janet Runyan* Acurex Corporation* 485
Clyde Ave.* Mountain View* CA 94042* USA* Price; $40.00
Languages; ENGLISH
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12.
83027722 V11N6
Characterisation of wood combustion emissions
G u e n t h e r * F . R . * C h e s 1 e r * S.N.
0r$pnic Analy. Res. Oiv.* Natl. Bureau Standards* Washington? DC 20234
Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy? 34th Pittsburgh Conference
and Exposition 8310046 Atlantic City* NJ 7-12 Mar 83
Society for Analytical Chemists of Pittsburgh (SACP)J Spectroscopy
Society of Pittsburgh (SSP>
Abstracts booklet available to conference registrants. For information on
individual papers please contact authors directly
L.?n3us3es J ENGLISH
86-04659
Wood smoke*. Measurement of the mutagenic activities of its grs- and
particulate-phase photoonidation products
K1eindienst* T.E.J Shepson* P.B.J Edney* E.O.J Claxton* L.D.J CuPitt*
L .T .
Northrop Serv.* Inc.* Environ. Sci.* Research Triangle Park* NC 27709*
USA
ENVIRON. SCI. TECHN0L VOL. 20* NO. 5* pp. 493-501* Publ.YrJ 1986
SUMMARY LANGUAGE - ENGLISH
Languages} ENGLISH
njliite mixtures of wood combustion emissions (with and without additional
NO sub(;:)> were irradiated in a 22.7-m super(3) Teflon smog chamber. The
effluent was tested for mutagenic activity by exposing Salmonella
typhimurium) » strains TA100 and TA98* to the? filtered gas-phase components.
The particulate matter was tested by using the plate incorporation
procedure. Without added NO sub(x)* irradiated dilute wood smoke showed a
measurable increase in mutagenic activity for gcs-phase products only.
Additional NO sub(x) was added in other irradiations to enhance the
formation of gas- and particulate-phase products. Although only lower and
upper limits were obtainable* the gas-phase products showed considerably
more activity (1.1-8.2 revertants/ mu g) in TA100 exposures than did the
particulate product extracts. With TA98 the activities of both phases were
comparable on a mass basis. Since the total auantity of gas-phase
componrnts was greater than the particulate-phase components* the mutagenic
018^041 *86-061445
1 HE MAKING OF AN EMISSIONS STANDARD*
HING JIM
nil.ORAnO PEPT OF HEALTH*
l-jnnri N ENERGY* MAR 86* V6. N4* P60<4>
,i(il.iRNAL ARTICLE AN ADVISORY COMMITTEE FORMED UNDER THE COLORADO AIP
QUALITY COMMISSION IN 1981 FOUND THAT RESIDENTIAL WOOD- AND COAL-BURNING
SYSTEMS CONTRIBUTE TO VISIBILITY IMPAIRMENT AND TOTAL PARTICULATE
"CONCENTRATIONS. REGULATIONS WERE THEN IMPLEMENTED TO ESTABLISH EMISSION
•STANDARDS FOR RESIDENTIAL WOOD STOVES. A WOOD STOVE CERTIFICATION PROGRAM
WAS ALSO INITIATED. DEBATE BETWEEN REGULATORS AND POLICY MAKERS OVER
PARTICULATE COLLECTION AND FUEL LOADING TEST METHODS IS CHRONICLED.
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13.
1170314 DE86002025/XAB
Enplrleal Analysis of Residential Woodburnlng Impacts
Llpfert, P. W. ; Dupuls, L. R. ; Daum, M. : Srackangast, A.
Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY.
Corp. Source Codes: 004545000; 0936000
Sponsor: Department of Energy. Washington, DC.
Report No.: BNL-51829
Oct 84 41 p
Languages: English
NT IS Prices: PC A03/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8606;
NSA1100
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: AC02-76CH00016
An analysis is presented of a 1r-qual1ty-rela ted problems
associated with use of residential firewood, with emphasis on
the intermountaln region of the Western United States (defined
as that region between the Continental Divide and the
Cascade/Sierra Mountains. Meteorological dispersion
characteristics are analyzed and compared as are measured
particulate concentrations. A new algorithm for the prediction
of county level wood usage is developed, and results are
presented for the entire country. The Intermountaln region 1s
shown to have the highest potential for air pollution Impacts
due to space heating. and the available particulate
measurements confirm this finding. Specific Impacts due to
wood combustion are not presented, however, pending
development of usage Information on a subcounty level. Since
the most severe Impacts from residential wood combustion
appear to be confined to this one geographic region, a state
or local approach to regulation of wood combustion air
pollution appears to be more appropriate than a Federal level
approach. However, urban air quality Impacts should be
reanalyzed with the new usage data before this recommendation
Is final. (ERA citation 11:003747)
1143544 PB85-218816/XAB
Emission Control Effectiveness of a Woodstove Catalyst and
Emission Measurement Methods Comparison
McCr 1111s. R. C. ; Merrill. R. G.
Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC.
Air and Energy Engineering Research Lab.
Corp. Source Codes: 034680O76
Report No.: EPA/600/D-85/132
1985 19p
Languages: English
NTIS Prices: PC A02/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8521
Country of Publication: United States
The paper gi*es results of measurements of emissions from a
prototype catalytic and a generic noncatalytlc stove over a
range of burnrates. For the catalytic stove, simultaneous EPA
Modified Method 5 (MM5) samples were obtained before the
catalyst and In the stack. For both stoves, Oregon Method 7
(0M7) and Condar dilution samplers (CDS) were operated
simultaneously with the MM5 train at the stack location.
Volatile organic samples were obtained by integrated bag
sampler at the stack location. Results show a generally
predictable correlation between MM5. 0M7 and CDS results.
Emission rates, based on MM5. were about twice those based on
0M7 and CDS. Catalyst emission reduction effectiveness (by
MM5) ranged from 72 to 98%. Catalyst inlet emissions appear to
be affected by the test sequence: a high burnrate test
produced higher emissions when preceded by a low burnrate test
than when preceded by a high burnrate test. Volatile organic
emissions were about the same at all burnrate on the catalytic
stove and at low burnrates on the noncatalytlc stove. At a
high burnrate. the noncatalytlc stove produced substantially
less. All MM5 samples tested positive for polynuclear aromatic
hydrocarbons.
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14.
1093154 PB85-105336/XAB
Characterization of Emissions from the Combustion of Wood
and Alternative Fuels In a Residential Woodstove
(Final rept. Feb 81-Mar 84)
Truesda1e. R. S. : Mack. K. L. : White. J. B. ; Leese. K. E
CI eland, J. G. .
Research Triangle Inst., Research Triangle Park, NC.
Corp. Source Codes' 04S968000
Sponsor: Industrial Environmental Research Lab., Research
Triangle Park, NC.
Report No.: RTI/1914-39-01F: EPA/600/7-84/094
Sep 84 143p
Languages: English
NTIS Prices: PC A07/MF A01 Journal Announcement: GRAI8501
Country of Publication: United States
Contract No.: EPA-68-02-3170
The report gives results of a comparison of emissions from
the combustion of alternative fuels to those from wood in a
residential woodstove, and of a study of the effects of
woodstove operating parameters on combust!on emissions.
Overall, oak wood is the best fuel tested, considering both
emissions and stove operation. Compressed wood logs with
binders and bituminous coal produce the highest emissions of
S02. particulate, and NOx. Compressed wood logs without
binders and treated lumber produce the highest PAH emissions.
Important parameters affecting CO emission levels are fuel
structure and. to a lesser degree, combustion air flow. S02
emission levels are related directly to fuel sulfur content.
NOx emissions are controlled by fuel nitrogen content and
combustion air flow rate. Organic emissions are affected by
fuel consumption rate, fuel structure, and the amount of air
through the stove. Total discharge severities for pahs
measured during this study indicate that PAHs are the
pollutants of highest concern in the flue gas effluent stream.
PAH formation is affected by combustion air flow, firebox
temperature, and fuel structure. Bioassay results indicate the
presence of both mutagens and promutagens in the organic
extracts of flue gas samples from both wood and coal
combustion tests.
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