United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response
Hazardous Response Support Division
Incident Mitigation and
Treatment Methods
Problems
-------
Properiv
"**"n A1991
f£6 o *
1200 Sixth Avenue/Seattle, WA 981
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INCIDENT MITIGATION & TREATMENT METHODS
CLASS PROBLEMS
PAGE
INCIDENT RESPONSE 1
CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY 4
NAMPA, IDAHO GASOLINE LEAK 8
HOUSTON, MISSOURI PCP LEAK 23
GARLAND, TEXAS DERAILMENT 27
VALLEY OF THE DRUMS, KENTUCKY 37
U S EPA LIBRARY REGION 10 MATERIALS
RXODDDOflnS
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INCIDENT MITIGATION AND TREATMENT METHODS
CLASS PROBLEM: INICIDENT RESPONSE
INCIDENT A
At 7:00 P.M. on May 23, 1985 a commercial van struck the
rear of a chemical tank truck traveling northbound on Inter-
state 65 in rural Warren County, Kentucky. Both vehicles
came to a stop on the shoulder and the drivers were relatively
unharmed. As they began to inspect the damage they found
that a rear support had been driven into the tank, causing a
slow but steady stream of product to spill onto the shoulder.
The Kentucky State Police responded to the driver's call
within ten minutes, and upon -arrival obtained shipping papers
from the trucker, who told them he was hauling 4500 gallons
°f C.resoJ. One officer approached the truck close enough to
see the products draining off the shoulder toward a sinkhole
on an adjacent farm. A small group of motorists had stopped"
to offer assistance and with the police and truckers, were
standing on the highway shoulder about 50 yards south of the
accident.
As sunset approached, the temperature was 70°F with
clear skies and a 5 mph wind out of the west. Sunshine and a
high of 80°F was forecast for the following day.
1) What actions would you suggest to contain and cleanup
the spill?
2) What are the responder's greatest concerns?
3) What factors are beyond the control of the responders?
1
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INCIDENT B
At 6:00 a.m. on October 10, 1985 a gasoline tank truck overturned
in a single vehicle accident on Route 8 in California, Kentucky,
a small community near Cincinnati, Ohio. The underside valve was
ripped off and several holes abraded in the side of the tank
allowing approximately 7500 gallons to flow out. Eventually a 15'
to 20' puddle formed across~"the roadway collecting in the roadside
and railway drainage ditches east of the road. About 500 gallons
of gasoline remained in the damaged tanker.
A rail line running parallel to Route 8 and between the road and
the Ohio River carried passenger and freight traffic. The next
scheduled train was Amtrak to Washington, D.C., originating in
Cincinnati at 6:05 a.m.
Approximately 25 persons resided within a one mile radius of the
accident site.
1) What actions should be taken to protect public safety and the
environment?
2) What personnel protective gear would be necessary?
2
IMTM 1/9/2 - July, 1986
-------
2569. Cresol(s). Crcsylic acid; crcsylol; tricresol C7-
H,0; mol wi 108.13. C 77 7 5%. H 7 46%. O 14.807..
HOC4H4CHj. Mixture of the three isomeric crcsols. in
which the m-isomer predominates. Obtained from coal tar:
Paulsen. U.S. pat. 2,998,457 (1962 to Ashland Oil & Ref ).
Usually contains a few per cent phenol. Prepn by sulfona-
tion of toluene: Englund et ai. Ind. Eng. Chem. 43, 189
(1933); by oxidation of toluene: Braunwarth. Winsted. U.S.
Pat. 2,994,722 (1961 to Pure Oil).
Colorless, yellowish, brownish-yellow or pinkish liq; phe-
nolic odor; becomes darker with age and on exposure to
hght. PoisonousI dfj 1.030-1.038. Not less than 90% by vol
distils between 195-205". Soluble in about 50 parts water;
®iscible with alcohol, benzene, ether, glycerol, petr ether;
^Iso sol in solns of fixed alkali hydroxides. A soln in water
u neutral to bromocresol purple. Protect from light.
Human Toxicity: Orally 8 g or more produces rapid cir-
culatory collapse, death. Chronic poisoning from oral or
percutaneous absorption may produce digestive distur-
bances, nervous disorders with faintness, vertigo, mental
changes, skin eruptions, jaundice, oliguria, uremia. Caution:
General protoplasmic poison. See also Phenol.
USE: For making synthetic resins.
THERAP CAT: Disinfectant.
THERAP cat (VET): Local antiseptic, parasiticide, disinfec-
tant; has been used as an intestinal antiseptic.
2570. /n-Cresol. J- Mcthylphenol. GjH,0; mol wt
108.13. C 77.75%, H 7.46%, O 14.80%. Obtained from coal
tar: Maesawa, Kurakano, Japan, pat. 8929<'55) (to Osaka
Gas), C.A. 52, 123Id (1958); Macak, Rehak. BrennstofJ
Chem. 43, 80 (1962). Prepn from toluene: Toland, U.S. pat.
2,760,991 (1956 to California Res. Corp.); by oxidation of o-
or p-toluic acid: Kaeding et al, Ind. Eng. Chem. 53, 805
(1961).
0H
Colorless or yellowish liquid; phenolic odor, df 1.034.
bp 202*. mp 11-12*. Flash pt 86". nj 1.5398. Sol in about
40 parts water, in solns of fixed alkali hydroxides; miscible
with ale. chloroform, ether. LDj,, orally in rats: 2.02 g/kg,
Deichmann, Witherup, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 80, 233
(1944).
USE: In disinfectants and fumigants; in photographic
developers, explosives. Caution: See Phenol.
The Merck Index Ninth Edition, 1976
cresol (methyl phenol; hydroxymcthylbenzenc; crcs-
ylic acid.) CHjC^OH. A mixture of isomers
obtained from coal tar or petroleum.
Properties: Colorless, yellowish, or pinkish liquid;
phenolic odor; sp. gr. 1.030—1.047; wt/gal 8.66-8.68
lb; flash point approx. 180°F(82°C);m.p. 11-35°C;
b.p. 191-203°C. Soluble in alcohol, glycol, dilute
alkalies and water.
Derivation: Coal tar (from coke and gas works); also
from toluene by sulfonation or oxidation.
Grades: Various, depending on phenol content, or
other properties. N.F. grade contains not more than
o 5% phenol.
Containers: Drums; tank cars; tank trucks.
Hazard: Toxic and irritant; corrosive to skin and
mucous membranes; absorbed through skin. Toler-
ance, 5 ppm in air.
Uses: Disinfectant; phenolic resins; tricresyl phos-
phate; ore flotation; textile scouring agent; organic
intermediate, mfg. of salicyladehyde, coumarin,
and herbicides; surfactant; synthetic food flavors
(para isomer only).
See also cresylic acids.
meta-cresol (meta-cresylic acid; 3-methylphenol)
CHjCJ^OH.
Properties: Colorless to yellowish liquid; phenol-
like odor. Soluble in alcohol, ether, and chloroform;
soluble in water. Sp. gr. 1.034; m.p. 12°C; b.p.
203°C; wt/gal 8.66 lb flash point 187°F (86°C).
Autoignition temp. 1038°F (558°C).
Derivation: By fractional distillation of crude cresol
(from coal tar); also synthetically.
Method of purification: Rectification.
Grade: Technical (95-98%).
Toxicity, uses, see cresol.
The Condensed Chemical Dictionary
Tenth Edition, 1981
3-1
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RECEIVED. aubjoct to the claMlflcatlona and tariffs In etlaet oii tK» (Uteof t)x U*u« o^thU Bill pfUMilAfl. ArO 6 1 & 1 I) I)
FROM-MERICHEM GOMPAWy
at I ;OS/25?:/05
By (.' V
Ike pr*p«rty daacriktd kiln, la apaeraal)»' arder, eicepl wlii (niliiU and candidal at mImmKuiM. tad toetiMd, u IkOoIW k*l», vkkk
ilka mH carriat kal>| aiJintwl Iknitknl lkl> t*atra(l u unlit lar Mt»< ar e»r»ar»Uaa la mumiIu »/ Ui peaparty »4 anal ylatr aft *»l,
a*daatl*alfeallaraale,elktr>lte I* dallTerleeaetkercarTlerenlhe raala la Mlddeailaallan.il la ¦¦taallyatKa^.u la Md carrier ar all ar any efaaldpnpartymr all Many p*rtUa
deallaatlaa, and ai la tack party al any tlaae Interfiled la all araaj oftald eraaeny, Ikalevery atrrltt I* ka performed kereondetekall ka ukj*d la all Ua lanaaaa Jcandltivac W Ikt Uall.r
stnlfkl Bill *(Ladla| atl lank (I) la Odldjl. Seatkena, Weatam aai llUaaia Fitl|kt Claaalflcalleai la aflaat aa Ika daln kaaaaLlllkliltti«llaai«UH«m«Ua»«»LMm L. a. -,,11.
carrier deaaifUallen ar tariff If Ikla It a aaalar carrier Ul|aaal
Shipper hereby certifies that he is familiar with all the terms and conditions di ine saia diu oi laoinj mi ions u u« casMiwaaoi or tarni wtick jo
traasp«rtaoeB of this shipment, and the said terns and conditions an hereby agreed to by th* shipper and accetUd (or hhautf a*d his lulou.
Consigned to !),f_z cut hi UAL
Destination Address jack GUN STRLLT
Route 'Gl: jf.NBVKC
Car or Vehicle I.D. £527 - i
HOULV
DESCRIPTION Of ARTICLES
SPECIAL MARKS AND EXCEPTIONS
>/; LUM T.mINS .TJ'rU'ijXlmA i E.L7 Sii'/U 0 , 1JU00 LUG
" , i-JMNjSI'v'L' nAi LR I~L/'VU2\)76, PDISiJN
' i i r-~ l ', AI..L wEll*H ."G PPLWTLY TO *35-131 I , ErXT; r "304'.
'¦8nbl*cttoS«ctlo<< 7 of a
of hppllcobto BM of Lx*n
phlpinant la to b* MKwt
cowlpww without r*cm»n
eefMiQAor, th# consignor •
th* foAowfog
ThoCirriorthftJf notmek«
of thkihlpmont without p»
frolght'ond oil other lawful
(Slgniture of Consign
tl ch*T9M >rc to b«
write Of stamp h*r«, To b« F
MAIL COPIES C
SCALE TICKETS '
MERICHEM COMP
S 4 D DEPARTME
1914. HADEN RO
HOUSTON. TX 77
GROSS
TARE
NET
•If lha ahlpmanl movta between two porta bra carritr by water, lha law raquirei the bill o f ladlni ahall tula whether II ii "carriaf'a or ahlpper't «ai|hl*. NOTE- Where Ihe rale Ii dipt
valut. ihippcri arc raqulrad lo nala ipacincally In wrlllns lha agreed or dadarad valua of lha property.
Thii ii lo certify thai lha above-named maierlali ara properly detained, deacribed. packaged, marked, and labalad. and ara In proper condition for traniportallon, accoidini is tha ¦
eiulallona of lha Department of Traniparlallon.
fht agreed or declared value of lha properly la hereby tpedflcally italad by lha ihlpper to ba nol eaceedlni.
§ * 1
MERICHEM COMPANY. Shipper ' ' "•/>//' A/,,r/n U" '''
/ >,
Pat _____________________________ ?*> t
' ' /
/ /
Parmananl poal-offlca atMraaa ol iMpper • ' j
1914 haocn roao "3_9 C AOENT MUST DETACH AND'RCTAIN THIS SHIPI
. . . ^ <- rionco «Mnuii4TcinMTU« noiniioai nil i nrur
-------
MERICHEM COMPANY
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
SECTION 1 - MATERIAL DESCRIPTION AND MANUFACTURER
1. Chamical Nama and Synonyrm
Crasols. XVi*noli. Phenols (Mixtura)
2. Trade or Common Nemas and Synonym*
Craayllc Acid
3. Chamical Family
Phanoli
4. Chamical Formula
Mixtura of: CeHeOH, CI+jC^OH. ICH3)2C6H3OH
5. Manufacturer's Nama
Markham Company
6. a. Manufacturar'i Emergency Telephone— 24 Hours
713/455-1311
7. Straat Address
1914 Hadan Road
6. b. Transportation Emergency Talaphona — 24 Hours
800/424-S 300
8. City, Stata, Zip Coda
Houston, Taxaa 77015
SECTION 2 - PHYSICAL PROPERTIES DATA
1. Normal Phyiical Stata
Liquid
a Specific Gravity at 60°F/60°F (ASTM D 1298)
1.030 t0 1.040
2. Normal Color
Ambar
9. Raid Vapor Pratsure (ASTM 0323)
a. At 62 *F 1mm Hg
b. At 100 #F p4Jj.
e. At 248 *F 0.48 pjJj.
3. Normal Odor
Antiseptic, Sweet
4. Boiling Point 1ASTM D 85O-70 )
374 to 455 °F (190 to 235 °C>
5. Frea2* Point (ASTM D 1493-67)
<0*F (<-17.8°C)
10. Vapor Dantity. Air - 1
3.88 (calculated)
6. a. Viscosity (ASTM 088-56 ) (49CFR173.1.15)
32 S.U.S.at 177®F (80°C)
11. Coefficient of Tharmal Expansion
0.00043 par'F (0.00077 per'C)
6. b. Viscosity (ASTM D445-72) (49CFR 171.8)
2 CantiitokM at 177°F (SO^C)
12. Litant Haat of Vaporization
210 BTU/lb. 0 100°F
7. Solubility in Watar (ASTM D1768)
5 * by Wt. at 212 *F (100 °C)
13. pH (ASTM E70)
5.5
SECTION 3 - HAZARD DATA
A. EXPIOSIVITY, FLAMMABIUTY, COMBUSTIBILITY (49CFR 173.50; 173.115}
f. Flash Point,~*ccolrding to ipicifiidTn^19 CFR~ 173.115 Td):
>176 "F I > 79.4 ®C)
3. f: x p I Olivi~R»ng»Tr7 • l77 %~by Voluma
LELX— g 1.5
UELX
2. Flash Point tast mathod usad (or A, 1:
Tig ciosad cup
5. Suiubli Extinguishing Media: ("X" Indicates suitable)
0 W»tir Fog B Foam B Alcohol Foam B COj B Dry Chemical
BrYoVfcffY T49"CF^T73^3jii^^9^F^T9l5 JTOoT
1. According to testj •pactfla'd In 49_cfF R 173.343, Materiel is—
(») by Oral Ingestion S3 Toxic O Non-Toxic
lb) by Inhalation SI Toxic ~ Non-Toxic
(c) by Skin Absorption E] Toxic ~ Non-Toxic
TrAwrdlnVtVta»irrpaclqA4J
5
23
~ Non-corroeive
SI Non-corroalv#
D N on-corrotiv*
Q Non-corro*Jv»
S) Non-corroaiva
D. REACTIVITY
1. Stability
E) Stabla ~ Unitabla
Conditions to Avoid
Contact with strong oxldiiers or strong alkali
2. Hazardous Poiymariiation
~ May Occur Q Will Not Occur
Conditions to Avoid
—- - —, ^j
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WERICHEM COMPANY MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEgT
SECTION 4 - SPECIAL PROTECTION & PRECAUTIONS
A. HANDLING AND STORING
1. Avoid
Unvantilatad araaa.
2. Panonal Protaciiva Equipmant ("X" Indlcatat/acommandad)
~ Hard Hat ~ Safaty Cltuat ~ Safaty Gogglat
~ Full Qwmlcal/Add Suit El Chamlcal Boon C
E) Faca SMald EQ Chamieal Glovat
1 Ratoirator E0 Othar: SJleVar wit.
3. Racommandad Mattrlalt of Connection for:
(•) Tinlu carbon itaal
(b) PI pat carbon itaa)
(e) Pump* carbon ataal with S/S trim.
(d) Vil*t S/S ball with tsflon ring
' (a) Hctat Buna-N whh S/S rainforoad wab
(I) Gatkau Johnt Manaflatd' #60 or aquW.
B. PERSONAL EXPOSURES
TYPE
POSSIBLE HARMFUL EFFECTS
FIRST AID ACTION TO BE-TAKEN
1. Inhalad
Syitamlo poboning.
May ba fatal.
Kaap warm. Saa physician. May raqulf a artificial
raapl ration.
2. Smallowad
Syatamla poiaonlng.
May ba fatal.
Drink larga amounts of ml* or walar,
Do not Iftduca vomiting. Saa physician.
3. On Skin
Chamical burnt. Abaorbad thru akin.
May ba fatal.
Fluah whh largo amount* of watar*
laaphytloUn.
4. In Eyat
Cftamlctl burnt. Savara aya
damaga.
Fluah wHh larga amounts of watar.*
3aa physician.
Othar:
¦5.
C. SPILLS AND LEAKS
1. Containmant and Racovtry. Spllh must ba dhpoaad of Immadlataiy by proparty trainad and protactad panoMM^ia othan rfiould
ramain In tha araa. Tha tiia of tha tpJII will datarmlna what procadura to follow In daanlng up. All contaminated matariaj, Including
aarth, murt ba ramovad. Propar govammant aganclaa thou Id ba notHlad.
2. Ditpotal.
For nsiftJfKt in dbpoalng of matarial,'cont»ct Maricham Company.
•• SEE SECTION 6 SECTION 5 - TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS
1. DOT Hal. Oattn.
49CFR
Moda of DOMESTIC Tram porta ti on
Highway
Rail
Barga
172.101
Corroalva matarlal
Corroalva matariai
48 CFR aub-chaptar 0
2. Auth. Shipping Cont.
(i) Bulk
172.101
MC304. MC307. MC310,
MC311.MC312
103W.111A6CMM.
111A100W1.111A100W3
44CFR1B 1.08
(b) Drum
172.101
POT 17E
DOT 17E
3. Drum Labal
172.101
Corroalva and Poiaon
Corroafv* and Poiaon
V/////.
4. Drum Marking
S«« Sactlon 6
172.300
Craaol UN2076
Cnaoi UN2078
5. Placard
172.500
Corrotiva 2076
Corroalva 2079
MCA Cargo
1 .1 - . tl i « • *
IVHUf fnVDQn OrQ
6. Propar Shpg. Nama
s«a.Section 6
172.101
Craaol
Craaol
Craaola
7. ID Numbar.
172.101
2078
2078
SECTION 6 - ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
For eontalnara ol 1,000 poondj or mora th* letters RQ musi pracaad tha prop* thtpplng nam*.
AM ihlpplng papars must haw lha wont Tobon" toitowtng tha 10 numbar.
-1 '
Tha Information on thli form It furnlthad tolaly lor tha purpoaaa ol anabllng the* Mho trantport. handla or uaa our products to aniura
tha tafaty and haalth of thair amployaat and to comply with varlou* lav* and regulation* (fadarai, itata and local). Thlt Information It
'» I« K.n.»»rf tn ha Koinit. Marlcham. howavar. makat no ouanntaa or warranty, axpraaa or Impilad. ra
-------
ori6inal-not negotiable
no. 19612 2
Combined Short Form Bill of Lading and Freight Bill
Groendyke Transport. Inc.
P.O. BOX 632 PHONE *05-234^663
ENIO, OKLAHOMA 73702
SHIPPER
MERICHEM CO
SHIPPER ORIGIN
GREENS BAYOU,TEX
Pump: G.T.I, f
HOSE: Rubt.
CONSIGNEE
DIAZ
DESTINATION
HOLLY.,NY
SS. ~ ot;
PARTIAL LOADING OR
UNLOADING POINT (S)
No.
S«»J No*.
SHIPPED 5*27-85 ** DELIVERED 5""29"85 19
I.B.M.
CODE
OFFICE USE Of
POUNDS
OA GALLONS
COMMODITY DESCRIPTION
POUNDS
ON GALLONS
rate:
mz:
CKA
"38. QOC
CRESiL
CORROSIVE MATERIAL
UIf-20/G
RO
TARIFF- MILES-
FOR THE CONSIGNEE
ORIGINATING TERMINAL NO. 4 ^
BEFORE UNLOADING: I HAVE CHECKED THE DOCU-
MENTS PERTAINING TO THIS SHIPMENT, VERIFIED THE
PRODUCT TO BE RECEIVED AND FURNISHED
UNLOADING INSTRUCTIONS TO THE DRIVER.
SIGNATURE
AFTER UNLOADING: ABOVE DESCRIBED COMMODITIES
RECEIVED IN GOOD CONDITION AND WAS ACCEPTED
AND UNLOADED AS DIRECTED. (EXCEPT AS NOTED).
FIRM
Th* property desci
ribed her*c
Subject to Section 7 o4 Condition*, it this shipment is to
be delivered to the consign** without recours* on th*
consignor, th* consignor shall sign th* - following
statement.
Th* carrier shall not make delivery o< this shipment
without payment ot freight and all other lawful charges.
PREPAID ~ COLLECT ~
CONSIGNOR AGENT
perwni gooa oroer, except
(contents end condition ot cc
packages unknown) marked, <
and d*stined as indicated, w
carrier agree* that every »r%
performed hereunder shall be -
afl the terms end conditions ot
on M* with the Interstate C
Commission. Carrier certifies
cargo tank supplied for this sJv
a proper container tor th*
tattoo ot each commodity, as <
by the shipper. Received si
tariffs and/or contracts in effe-
DRIVER
FREIGHT PAID BY:
DATE
RY .<
SIGNATURE
PRESS HARD—YOU ARE MAKING 6 COPIES
TRIP STARTED
AT
MILEAGE
PAY
77&t(
OlViS
STATE MILEAGES
LOADED
EMPTY
NO.
STATE
MILES
STATE
LOADED
at G.JAYOU,TEX
REG.
UNLOADED HOLLY, NY
PROCEEDED
TO
OTHER
TOTM
TOTAL MILES
PAY
REMARKS:
)/.
TRUCK NO.
9&L1
TRAILER NO.
Ul92-
3-5
-------
DATE: 05/27/85 MER ICHEM COMPANY PAGE:
TIME: 10:40=55 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =; = = := = =: = = :=
»
2
3
LABORATORY REPORT
4
9
•
MATERIAL: X_ O.OOO
:
-1 b i . i
MERCAP.TAN SULPHUR . „ A&O-fcT 3
TOTAL SULPHUR..; PT ... . t.v. W32EE JBBBB
COLORS BARRETT :3ZSH&- 1
:z
)
t4
APPEARANCE AMBER .{
NITROGEN BASES WT.X 0.001 S
PURITY BY FREEZING POINT. ;
:s
:•
:7
FREEZING PUIN T , WET ........ 1C fl
FREEZING POINT, DRY . , C [
1 o I • I » I
SPECIAL TESTS OR COMMENTS: f
NEUTRAL OIL: [ <0.001 ] J
BENZENE= ND }
11
12
(3
PENTANOL= ND
i,
L
ti
.5
>0
7
•
•
ANALYSIS BY: GK-HB-WES CHECKED BY. APPRO\
DATE: 05/27/85 TIME: 10=36 DATE. 00/00/00 DATE.
j»ED .
01
4
4
e
1
2
J
.4
kt
1
i
I '
ie
17
IS
)
T
•<
it
• 0
2
3
4
i
t
J.
9
«
7
I
3-6 1-
-------
DATE: 05/27/85
TIME: 10:40:58
MERICHEM COMPANY
PAGE:
LABORATORY REPORT
MATERIAL: (MC985) 98.5% META CRESOL TANK.
ASSAY NO: 9-17-14 BATCH NOi 0.5271030 CUSTOMER P030003
DIAZ CHEMICAL
uphtpi f, ?5?7-iA9R shtpmfnt, Annifiinnm an TAnvsnM
LOAD DATE; 05/27/85 SHIP DATE. 05/27/85
HOLLY
NY 1447
PRODUCT PROPERTIES
:3:::3d=:::=£:ess:=c==2a::B3inEX33S^B3SaM«BMBS)t*:c3siiaaiB:
sassBiEasetn=='
ORGANIC COMPOSITION BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPH» WT.X
O-CRESOL 0. 1
P-CRESOL ...... 0.4
M-CRESOL . 99. 0
o-ethyl PHFNOL 0 - -P
2,4- AND 2,5-XYLENOLS 0.3
TOTAL 100.0
TOTAL ALKS
ANALYSIS BY= GK-HB-ldES CHECKED BY:
DATE: 05/27/85 TIME: 10:36 DATE: 00/00/00
APPROVED B
DATE-- 0 0
-------
3-8
-------
GASOLINES: AUTOMOTIVE (<4.23g lead/gal) gat
Common Synonyms
Colorless to Dele
biown or pvu
Floats on waier Flsmmatile. rrttaSng vapor « produced
Stop dr^charga it possible Keep people away.
Shut oft igrubon soixces end call departmem
Slay upwind and use water spray 10 'knock oown" vacor
isoial* and remove discharged material
Notify local hullA and pouJuon coni/ol igmcM
FLAMMABLE
Flashback along vapor tra* may oca*
Vapor may >gr*tad m an anrioeod area.
£*twguwn with dry chemcai, loam, or carbon dioude
Water may be ineffective on fire
Cool exposed container* wrth water
CALL FOfl MEDICAL AID
VAPOR
imtattng to eyas. note and OvoaL
ft nhaled. wiB cauaa dzzwess. headache. tffOctft tyeathmq
Move lo fresn tst.
if Eveattwig has stopped give artftaaJ rsspraoon
It breathing 4 drffccult, grv« oxygen
UQUTO
imtaftng to sfcm and eyes,
ft svaAowed, wift cause nauaaa or wmOng.
Remove contarrenaled rtoffwnq and shoes.
Flush affected aresa with plenty of water
IF IN EYES, hold eyefads open and flush with plenty of weter
IF SWALLOWED sna wctim ia CONSCIOUS, have «ctun arm* water
tf milk
00 NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
HARMFUL TO AQUATIC LIFE W VERY LOW CONCENTRATIONS
Foukng to shoraftna
May be dangerous 4 a enter* water Intakes.
Notify local health and wridBfe oftaatt
Nctrfy operator! of nearby water intakes. ____
1. RtSPOWI10 OBCHAKtt
(See Riapaim I—moda Ifrndfcaofc!
tsaue warningftaovntfty
Evacuate ana
Disperse and tosh
2. LAB£L
11 Cataflorv: Flammable 8
U Oaaa3
3. CHEMICAL OESlGJUTlOJtS
rt CO CowpoflWy Oaae: IBecaWaneoui
Kydrocartxan Mbrtwa
12 Formula: (lyfatire of hy<*oca»bona)
JJ IMO/tflt Oealgnettnw 3 1/1203
14 DOT tO MOJ 1203
3.8 CAS ffagtatn Noj Osta not n ad able
1 Q8SUVA8U CHAJtACTCRISTlCS
U Color Colorless to brown
44 Odor Gaaoflne
1 HEALTH KAZAKH
5.1 Psisonol Protective equipment Protectee goggtea. gtovea.
U Symptoms FoOowtng Erposurc tmtaton of mucous mantnanw and attmulabon followed by
dapreaam of central nervous system Breaffang of vapor may atio cause «acuum
NOTES
JUNE 19BS
3-9
-------
12.17
SATURATED LIQUID DENSITY
13.18
LIQUID HEAT CAPACITY
12.19
LIQUID THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
12.20
LIQUID VISCOSITY |
Temperature
(degree* F)
Pound* per cubic
toot
Temperature
(degree* F)
British thermal unit
per pound-F
Temperature
(degrees F)
British thermal
unit-inch per hour-
square loot-F
(estimate)
Temperature
(degrees F)
Centapoise
45
48.270
10
.459
40
909
46
.521
SO
46.130
15
.462
50
.900
48
.514
55
46.000
20
464
60
.891
50
.507
60
45.850
25
.467
70
.683
52
.500
65
45.710
30
.470
80
.874
54
.494
70
45.560
35
.472
90
.865
56
.487
75
45.400
40
.475
100
.BS6
58
.481
80
45.240
45
.478
110
.847
60
.475
85
45.080
50
.480
120
.838
62
.469
90
44.910
55
.483
130
.829
64
.463
95
44.750
60
.486
140
.821
68
.457
100
44.570
65
.488
150
.812
68
.451
105
44.390
70
.491
160
.803
70
.448
110
44.210
75
.494
170
.794
72
.440
115
44.030
60
.496
180
.785
74
.435
85
.499
190
.778
76
.430
90
.502
78
.424
95
.504
80
.419
100
.507
82
.414
105
.510
84
.410
86
.405
68
.400
90
.396
92
.391
M
.387
96
.382
1&21
1Z22
12J3
12J4
80LUBIUTY IN WATER
SATURATED VAPOR PRESSURE
SATURATED VAPOR DENSITY
IDEAL OAS HEAT CAPACITY
Temperatwe
Pound* per 100
Temperature
Pounds per
Temperature
Pounds per cubic
Temperature
British thermal unit
(degree* F)
pound* ot water
(degree* F)
square inch
(degrees F)
foot
(degrees F)
per pound-F
I
0
N
D
N
A
O
A
S
T
T
T
O
A
A
L
P
U
N
E
N
8
O
R
O
L
T
T
T
E
I
A
N
A
V
E
V
A
N
A
I
T
1
L
L
A
A
B
B
L
L
E
E
3-10
-------
Gaultherin
4210
4205. Gardol®. N-Methyl*N-( l-omdodecytiglyctne
N»louruyl*arro\tnt sodium uxlt: sodium ta~
ccpyranosyDoxyjbenzotc acid; methyl salicylate-2-glucoxylo*
side; methyl salicylate-2-pnmeveroside; monotropitin;
monotropitoside. C19HwOn; mol wt 446.40. C 51.12%, H
5.87%. O 43.01%. In the wintergreen plant, Caulthena pro-
cumbens L.. in Monotropa hypopityz L., Encaceae in Betula
lenta L.. Betulaceae. in Spiraea ulmarta L. and 51 fihpendula
L., Rosacea*: Bride!. CompL Rend. 177, 642 (1923); 179, 991
(1924); 180, 1421. 1864 (1925); Bndel. Gnllon. ibid. 187, 609
(1928). Synthesis: Robertson. Waters. J. Chem. Soc. 1931,
1881. On hydrolysis with 3% HjSO, gaultherin forms I mol
methyl salicylate, 1 mol D-glucose and 1 mol o-xylose. En-
zymatic hydrolysis gives methyl salicylate and pnmeverose
(glucoxytose).
6
O-pnaevorose
Needles in star formation from 997o acetone, mp 180*.
(alt? — 38* (c =* 2). Sol tn water and alcohol, slightly sol in
ethyl acetate, acetone; insol in ether.
Note: The older literature regards gaultherin as methyl-
salicylate-o-glucoside
Gauttherioside, C^H^O^, ethyl pnmeveroxide. mp 185*.
[a]0 —58*. Gaulthcnoside forms glucose, xylose, and EtOH
on hydrolysis with 3% HjSO,.
Mz ?/¦/' j
Consult the croft index before using this section.
Page 563
3-11
-------
FIRE OR EXPLOSION
Will burn. May be ignited by heat, sparks and flames.
Flammable vapor may spread away Irom spill.
Container may explode in heat of fire.
Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers.
Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard.
HEALTH HAZARDS
Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation.
Contact may irritate or burn skin and eyes.
Fire may produce irritating or poisonous gases.
Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
EMERGENCY ACTION
Keep unnecessary people away.
Stay upwind; keep out of low areas.
Isolate hazard area and deny entry.
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.
Isolate for 1/2 mile in ail directions if tank or tankcar is involved in fire.
FOR EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE CALL CHEMTREC (800) 424-9300.
Also, in case of water pollution, call local authorities.
FIRE
Small Fires: Dry chemical, C02, water spray or foam.
Large Fires: Water spray, fog or foam.
Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk.
Stay away from ends of tanks.
Cool containers that are exposed to flames with water from the side until well
after fire is out.
For massive fire in cargo area, use unmanned hose holder or monitor nozzles.
If this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety device or
discoloration of tank.
SPILL OR LEAK
No flares, smoking or flames in hazard area.
Stop leak if you can do it without risk.
Use water spray to reduce vapors.
Small Spills: Take up with sand, or other noncombustible absorbent material,
then Mush area with water.
Large Spills: Dike far ahead of spill for later disposal.
FIRST AID
Move victim to fresh air; call emergency medical care.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
In case of contact with material, immediately flush skin or eyes with running
water or at least 15 minutes.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.
3-12
-------
GEDUNIN 1471
isaster Hazard: When heated 10 decomp it emits acrid
smoke and fumes.
GALLIUM(III) NITRATE (1:3)
CAS RN: 13494901 NIOSH #: LW 9625000
mf: NjOs'Ga; mw: 255.75
White, deliquescent crystals, mp: decomp © 110°, bp:
— GajOj @ 200°.
CODEN:
CISAAA 45(10),13,80
JCHODP 7,411.76
GISAAA 43(10). 13.80
GISAAA 43(10), 13,80
CTRRDO 62.1449,78
CTRRDO 62.1449,78
CTRRDO 62,1449,78
EQSSDX 1,1,73
INMEAF 12.7,43
EQSSDX 1,1,73
TOXICITY DATA: 3
sltn-mam 300 mg SEV
dnd-mamMym 40 umol/L
orl-muj LD50;4360 mg/kg
scu-mus LD50=600 mg/kg
ivn-hmn TDLo;7 mg/kg TFX:CNS
ivn-bmn TDLo:7 mg/Vg TFX:GIT
ivn-hran TDLo-144 mg/kg TFX:BLD
ipr-rat LD50:68 mg/kg
scu-rat LDLo;72 mg/kg
ipr-mui LD50:80 mgAg
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980.
THR: In humans it causes CNS problems; GIT effects
and damage to blood. HIGH ipr, sol See also gallium
compounds.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits tox
fumes of NOx.
GALOXOLIDE
S RN: 1222055 NIOSH #: GY 0790000
CisHmO; mw: 258.44
SYN: 1.3.4,6.7.8-hexahydro-4,6,6.7,8,8-hexamethyl-cyOjO-
penta-oamha-2-benzopyran
TOXICITY DATA: 2 CODEN:
ikn-rbt 500 mg/24H MOD FCTXAV 14,639,76
Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory, 1980.
THR: MOD skn irr.
Disaster Hazard: When heated to decomp it emits acrid
smoke and fumes.
gas oil
Yellow liquid, flash p: 150°F; d: 1; lei 13 6.0%; uel =
13.5%; autoign temp: 640°F; bRange: 230°-250°.
THR: Unk. See also kerosene.
Tire Hazard: Mod, when exposed to heat or flame.
Explosion Hazard: Mod, when exposed to heat or flame.
To Fight Fire: Foam, COj, dry chemical.
Incomp: Oxidizing material.
GASOLINE (from 50-100 octane)
CAS RN: 8006619 NIOSH #: LX 3300000
Clear, aromatic, volatile liquid, a mixture of aliphatic
hydrocarbons, flash p: —50°F, d: <1.0, vap. d: 3.0-4.0,
ulc: 95-100, lei = 1.3%, uel — 6.0%, autoign. temp.:
,60-853°F. bp: Initially 39°; after 10% distilled = 60°;
-t 50% = 110°; after 90% = 170°; final bp: 204°.
-¦•so! in HjO, freely sol in abs ale, ether, chloroform,
^niene.
SYN: petrol
TOXICITY DATA:
eye-man 500 ppm/IH MOD
eye-hmn I40ppm/8H MLD
ihl-rrmn TCLo:900 ppm/IH
TFX:CNS
ihl-mam LCLo: 30000 ppm/5M
3-2 CODEN:
AEHLAU 1.548,60
J1HTAB 23,223,43
JIHTAB 23.223.43
AEPPAE 138,63.28
TLV: Air: 300 ppm DTLVS* 4,203,80. Toxicology Re-
view: 27ZTAP 3,72,69. Reported in EPA TSCA Inven-
tory, 1980.
THR: HIGH to MOD via inhal route. Repeated or pro-
longed dermal exposure causes dermatitis. Can cause
blistering of skin. Inhal and via oral routes causes CNS
depression. Pulmonary aspiration can <•*»«» severe
pneumonitis. Some addiction has been reported to inhal
of fumes. Even brief inhal of high cone can cause a
fatal pulmonary edema. It can cause hyperemia of the
conjunctiva and other disturbances of the eyes. The
vapors are considered to be mod poisonous. If its cone
in air is sufficiently high to reduce the oxygen content
below that needed to maintain life, it acts as a simple
asphyxiant Gasoline is a common air contaminant.
See mineral oils.
Fire Hazard: Dangerous, when exposed to heat or flame;
can react vigorously with oxidizing materials.
Explosion Hazard: Mod, when exposed to heat or flame.
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous, in the presence of heat or
flame.
To Fight Fire: Foam, CO* dry chemical.
GASOLINE (100-130 octane)
Flash p: —50°F, autoign. temp.: 824°F, lei
uel = 7.1%.
1.3%,
Fire Hazard: Dangerous, via heat, flame or oxidizers.
To Fight Fire: Water spray or mist, CO* dry chemical.
GASOLINE (11S-145 octane)
Flash p: —50°F, autoign. temp.: 880°F, lei => 1.2%,
uel =» 7.1%.
Fire Hazard: See Gasoline (100-130 octane).
To Fight Fire: See Gasoline (100-130 octane).
For further information see Vol. 1, No. 8 of DPIM Report
GASOLINE ENGINE EXHAUST 'TAR"
NIOSH #: LX 3350000
CODEN:
CANCAR 15,103,62
TOXICITY DATA: 3
skn-mus TDLo: 110 gm/lcg/
69W-PCARC
Toxicology Review: ACRSAJ 7,475,63.
THR: An exper CARC.
GEDUNIN
CAS RN: 2629110 NIOSH #: WH 1318000
mf: C2aHofl07; mw: 484.64
TOXICITY DATA: 3
scu-rat TDLo: 1040 mg/kg/
65W-|:ETA
CODEN:
BJCAAI 20.134,66
'-''."S c/-
- .'¦/<
'3-13
-------
INCIDENT MITIGATION AND TREATMENT METHODS
CLASS PROBLEM
I. INTRODUCTION
The compatibilities of hazardous materials are determined through
controlled bench-scale experimentation. However, to minimize the number
of trial and error mixture experiments, a safe approach is to first
predict the possible reactions which may take place between specific
compounds or classes of compounds.
II. OBJECTIVE
This exercise is designed to be used in conjunction with the EPA
publication entitled "A Method for Determining the Compatibility of
Hazardous Wastes." Participants should become familiar with the use of
the compatibility scheme presented here. Participants should also gain
an appreciation of the limitations associated with such schemes.
III. PROCEDURE
The reactions between materials of known origin, composition, or
reactivity can generally be predicted by the method used here. The
tables, charts, and appendices found in the manual, as well as other
sources of information may be used to complete this exercise. Remember
that when using this scheme, compatibility can only be predicted on a
one-to-one basis with each constituent of each mixture. Synergystic or
antagonistic effects cannot generally be anticipated.
A. For the following materials, determine the Reactivity Group Number(s)
(RGN) and Reactivity Group Name(s):
IV. EXERCISES
Material
RGN
Group Name
1. Nitric Acid
2. Picric Acid
(274 ,6 Trinitrophenol)
A/3. Ethyl Benzoate
' (C2H5COO6H5)
4
-------
EXERCISE A - Continued
Material RGN Group Name
5. Styrene (Vinyl Benzene) fhj Z 2?
6. cis-3,4 Cyclopentan^aiol
H H
H Y H
C' V
H ' \ / SH
H-C-C-H
OH OH
7. Peroxybenzoic Acid
2><0/ 3
EXERCISE B For the following industries, determine the waste stream component,
the RGN, and the group name:
Industry Waste Stream RGN Group Name
1. Phenol Production
iSh
EXERCISE C What would be the result of mixing the following? „„ l/[t x„
yyL>vC-
1. Potassium & Water
i.
V /07/K* ?SuZ*
2. Isopropy^Alcohol & Cresote OK
3. Strong Oxidizers & Refuse (organic) _
4. Paint Sludge & Toluidine (all isomers)
.5
-------
EXERCISE C - Continued
5. Calcium Hypochlorite & Kerosene
)o\
EXERCISE D The contents of two small storage tanks are to be transferred to a
tank truck for off-site disposal. Given the contents of each tank,
deternime if any incompatible mixtures may result. Use the worksheet
provi ded.
Waste Tank A
Benzaldehyde ^
Benzene / (j
Styrene Monomer
Trichl oroethyl ene
WORKSHEET
Waste A
Waste B
Name of Waste
Evaluation
Waste Tank B
Propanol ^
Ammonium Nitrate /Of
Aniline
?
Source
Source
Date
r0
XX WASTE B Z
WASTE
£ d
> 2
NX A3 o
NX
-------
PAGE NOT
AVAILABLE
DIGITALLY
-------
INCIDENT MITIGATION AND TREATMENT METHODS
CLASS PROBLEM: NAMPA,ID
The groundwater aquifer underlying the city of Nampa, Idaho has been
contaminated with a light petroleum-type material for a number of years.
During certain times of the year, the water table is close to the ground
surface resulting in these materials collecting in basement sumps and
causing fumes to permeate buildings in the downtown area.
Using the information supplied (Table 1 and Nampa, Idaho map), design
and carry out a groundwater study which will:
a. Determine the direction of groundwater flow.
b. Determine the extent of contamination of petroleum materials.
c. Determine the possible source(s) of the contamination.
Approach
An approach to this study would be to:
1. Plot on the map the height of water in each test well from the
piezometer readings (Table 1) and determine the direction of ground-
water flow.
2. Determine (and plot) which wells indicate high, low, or no
contamination.
MDE/EPA/1-85
-------
ABBREVIATIONS USED ON MAP
A Trimbull Oil
B Townpump
Si nclair
Chevron
E Union
F Fleetway
G Ace Oil
9
-------
PAGE NOT
AVAILABLE
DIGITALLY
-------
TABLE 1
DATA ON TEST WELLS
11
-------
DAT t
HOLE ff DRILLED LOCATION DRILL LOG (ft) ELEVATIONS COMMENTS
7/20/81 NW corner of 1st St. S.
and il4th Ave.
0-1 Asphalt & Concrete
1-3 Brown Silty Sand
3-12 Brown Sand - Medium
12-20 Coarse Sand & Fine Gravel
Top of Casing
2484,49/
Depth of Water (7/30)
9.72
Water Table
2474.77
Nothing Observed
n.S'- 7V.77
7/20/81 West side of 14th Ave.
at alley between 1st St.
S. and Front.St.
0-1 Asphalt & Concrete
1-3 Brown Silty Sand
3-12 Brown Sand -^Medium
12-20 Coarse Sand & Fine Gravel
Top of Casing
2482.46
Depth of Water (7/30)
8.12
Water Table
2474.34
Nothing Observed
7/21/81 Alley between 14th & 13th 0-7
Ave. between 1st St. S. 7-12
and Front St. 12-20
Asphalt & Fill
Sand, Brown & Silt
Sand & Fine Gravel
Top of Casing
2483.45
Depth of Water (7/30)
9.71
Water Table
2473.74
Gasoline oJor.
HNU Reading:
160 downhole
60 mud
4 7/21/81 40' west of alley that 0-1 Asphalt Top of Casing Gasoline odor.
recovery sump is located 1-12 Brown Sand 2483.08 HNU - 150 dowr\ hole,
on 13th Ave. 12-20 Brown Sand & Fine Gravel Depth of Water (7/30)
9.56
Water Table
2473.50
5
7/21/81
95' from F4 & 30' north
0-1
Asphalt & Fill
Top of Casing
SI iijht smel 1.
of alley on 13th Ave. S.
1-10
Fine Brown Sand
2482.43
HNU - 2 in mud
between 1st St. S.
10-20
Sand & Fine Gravel
Depth of Water (7/30)
6 in down hole.
and Front St.
8.99
Water Table
2473.44
6 7/21/81 Alley in block between 0-5 Fill & Brick Top of Casing Slight odor.
12th & 13th Ave behind 5-12 Brown Sand 2483.05 HNU - 6 down hole.
7 Seas Tavern. 12-20 Sand & Gravel Depth of Water (7/30)
9.86
Water Table
2473.19
-------
UAI L
.OLE a DRILLED LOCATION
DRILL LOG (ft)
ELEVATIONS
COMMENTS
7 7/21/81 SE corner of 13th Ave. S. 0-1 Asphalt Top of Casing Dark sand with gasoline
and 1st St. S. 1-10 Brown Sand 2483.88 odor.
10-20 Sand & Fine Gravel Depth of Water (7/30) HNU > 200 in mud
9.93 130 down hole
Water Table
2473.95
8 7/22/81 On 1st St. S. at alley 0-1 Asphalt Top of Casing Smell of gasoline.
between 13th & 14th Ave. 1-15 Brown Sand 2484.45 HNU - 130 down hole.
15-20 Fine Sand & Gravel Depth of Water (7/30)
10.21
Water Table
2474.24
9 7/22/81 On 1st St. S. between 0-1 Asphalt Top of Casing No odor.
14th & 15th Ave. in 1-14 Brown Sand 2485.70
middle of street. 14-20 Fine Sand & Gravel Depth of Water (7/30)
10.06
Water Table
2475.64
Top of Casing Strong smell of fuel oil.
2485.77 HNU - 150 in mud
Depth of Water (7/30) 50 down hole
10.50
Water Table
2475.27
Top of Casing Fuel oil smell.
2487.25 ¦ HNU > 200 in mud
Depth of Water (7/30)' 120 down hole
11.92
Water Table
2475.33
12 7/23/81 Alley between 1st & 2nd 0-1 Asphalt and Fill Top of Casing Nothing observed,
in.block between 13th 1-15 Brown Silty Sand 2487.95
& 14th Ave. S. 15-20 Brown Sand Depth of Water (7/30)
13.01
Water Table
2474.94 <
10 7/22/81 14th Ave. & 1st St. S. 0-1 Asphalt
SE corner. 1-12 Brown Sand
12-20- Black Gravel & Sand
11 7/21/81 14th Ave. between 1st . 0-1 Asphalt
and 2nd St. by Consumer's 1-10 Gray Sand
Market driveway. Dark gray to black
10-20 Coarse Sand
-------
DATE
HOLE il DRILLED LOCATION
DRILL LOG (ft)
ELEVATIONS
COMMENTS
13
7/23/81
NE corner of 14th Ave. S.
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Clean
and ?nd St. S.
1-25
Brown Sand
2491.56
Depth of Water (7/30)
16.03
Water Table
2475.53
14
7/23/81
Alley midway between 1st
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Gasoline odor.
& 2nd St., block between
1-15
Gray Sand
2488.25
HNU -
200 in mud.
14th & 15th Ave. S.
15-20
Gray Sand & Silt
Depth of Water (7/30)
12.20
Water Table
2476.05
15
7/23/81
Entrance to alley on 2nd
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Clean
St. S. between 14th &
1-8
Brown Silty Sand
2490.94
15th Ave. S.
18-20
Brown Sand & Gravel
Depth of Water (7/30)
21-25
Sand
14.91
Water Table
2476.03
16
7/23/81
NE corner of 2nd St. S.
0-1
Asphalt & Fill
Top of Casing
HNU -
5 in mud
and 15th Ave.
1-15
Brown Silty Sand
2489.59
8 down hole
V
15-20
Fine Sand & Gravel
Depth of Water (7/30)
11.99
Water Table
2477.60
17
7/23/81
N end of alley in block
0-1
Fill
Top of Casing
Clean
between 2nd & 3rd St. S.
1-20
Brown Coarse Sand
2489.19
and 15th & 16th Ave. S.
Depth of Water (7/30)
10.75
Water Table
2478.44
18 7/23/81 Alley about midway between
1sL & 2nd in the block
between 15th & 16th Ave.
So.
0-1
1-10
10-13
13-20
Fill
Brown Sand
Silty Sand
Coarse Sand
Top of Casing
2187.33
Depth of Water (7/30)
9.75
Water Table
2477.58
Clean
-------
DATE
HOLE H DRILLED
LOCATION
DRILL LOG (ft)
ELEVATIONS
COMMENTS
19 7/24/81
West side 15th Ave. S.
0-1
Asphalt & Fill
Top of Casing
HNU - 100 ppm down hole
between 1st & 2nd about %
1-12
.Si 1ty Sand
2488.14
block north of 2nd St. S.
12-20
Black Sand (Oily)
Depth of Water (7/30)
11.31
Water Table
2476.83
20 7/24/81
West side of 15th about
0-3
Fill
Top of Casing
Clean
midway between 1st & 2nd
3-10
Brown Sand & Silt
2487.30
St. S. (Back of curb)
10-20
Coarse Sand
Depth of Water (7/30)
10.75
Water Table
2476.55
21 7/24/81
North corner at inter-
0-1
Asphalt & Fi 11
Top of Casing
Oily
section of 2nd St. S. &
1-12
Brown Sand
2489.74
15th Ave. S.
12-20
Coarse Gray Sand
Depth of Water (7/30)
12.68
Water Table
2477.06
22 7/24/81
North side of 2nd St. S.
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Clean
at entrance to alley in
1-12
Brown Sand
2488.66
block between 15th & 16th
12-20
Coarse Gray Sand
Depth of Water (7/30)
Avenue.
10.68
Water Table
2477.98
Top of Casing Clean
2489.54
Depth of Water (7/30)
11.56
Water Table
2477.68
21 7/24/81 Behind American Legion in 0-1 Gravel Top of Casing Clean
parking lot. About block 1-12 Brown Sand 2488.96
N of 2nd (in alley). 12-20 Coarse Sand Depth of Water (7/30)
11.26
Water Table
2477.70
23 7/24/81 South corner of intersection 0-1 Asphalt
of 15th Ave. at 2nd St. S. 1-8 Brown Sand & Silt
8-20 Coarse Sand & Silt
-------
DATE
HOLE it
DRILLED
LOCATION
DRILL LOG (ft)
ELEVATIONS
COMMENTS
25
7/25/81
S. 15th Ave. 50' from 1st
0-1
Asphalt & Gravel
Top of Casing
Clean - water
heard
St. on west side.
1-12
Brown Sand
2185.14
running into hole.
J
12-20
Coarse Sand & Fine
Gravel Depth of Water (7/30)
9.36
Water Table
2475.78
26
7/25/81
150' from 1st St. on S.
0-3
Asphalt & Concrete
Top of Casing
Clean
13th Ave., east side
3-7
Brown Sand
2486.70
between 1st St. S. &
7-20
Brown Silt
Depth of Water (7/30)
2nd St. S.
12.43
Water Table
2474.27
27
7/25/81
25' N. of 1st St. on 15th
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Odor, but not
fuel.
Ave, west side.
1-7
Brown Sand
2484.32
HNU - 15 down
hole.
7-20
Brown Silt
Depth of water(7/30)
8.92
Water Table
2475.40
28
7/25/81
150' N. of 1st St. on 15th
0-1
Asphalt & Gravel
Top of Casing
Negati ve
Ave, west side.
1-12
Light Brown Sand
2483.53
12-20
Coarse Sand
Depth of Water (7/30)
8.89
Water Table
2474.64
29
7/25/81
End of 15th Ave. 300'
0-1
Gravel
Top of Casing
Negative
N. of 1st St. S., west
1-20
Brown Sand
2482.70
side.
Depth of Water (7/30)
8.90
Water Table
2473.80
30
7/27/81
1st St. S. at NE corner
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Negative
of Wal1 Street.
1-8
Brown Sand
2484.33
8-12
Silty Sand
Depth of Water (7/30)
12-20
Coarse Sand
10.93
Water Table
2473.40
-------
DATE
HOLE it DRILLED LOCATION DRILL LOG (ft) ELEVATIONS COMMENTS
31 7/27/81 Across street from Zip 0-1 Asphalt Top of Casing Odor
Inn l,ounge on Wall St. 1-2 Light Sand 2183.10 120 HNU reading down
about 2/3 block south of 2-8 Dark Sand Depth of Water (7/30) hole.
Front St. in parking lot. Encountered a basement floor. 10.04
8-14 Dark Sand Water Table
14-20 Gray Sand 2473.06
32 7/27/81 Front St. at foot of 0-2 Asphalt Top of Casing Negative
13th Ave. S. 1-4 Brown Sand 2481.17
4-20 Silty Sand Depth of Water (7/30)
7.94
Water Table
2473.23
Top of Casing Negative
2481.74
Depth of Water (7/30)
8.90
Water Table
2472.36
34 7/27/81 Front St. at foot of 0-1 Asphalt Top of Casing Strong Odor
12th Ave. S. 1-20 Coarse Sand 2482.57
Depth of Water (7/30)
10.21
Water Table
2472.36
35
7/27/81
12th Ave 150' south of
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Odor
Front St. on east side.
1-20
Coarse Sand
2482.42
Depth of Water (7/30)
9.86
Water Table
2472.56
36
7/27/81
East side of 12th Ave S.
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Strong Odor
about midway between Front
1-5
Silty Sand
2484.03
Black, stained sand.
and 1st St. S.
5-20
Coarse Sand
Depth of Water (7/30)
11.13
Water Table
2472.90
33 7/27/81 Front St. at foot of 0-1 Asphalt
Wall St. 1-4 Brown Sand
4-20 Silty Material
-------
DAI E
OLE St DRILLED LOCATION
DRILL LOG (ft)
ELEVATIONS
COMMENTS
37
7/27/81
1st St. S. and 12th
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Negati ve
Ave.,,NE corner.
1-5
Brown Sand
2484.92
5-20
Coarse Sand
Depth of Water (7/30)
11.84
Water Table
2473.08
38
7/27/81
Front St. 25' east of alley
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Black, stained sand
between 11th & 12th Ave.S.,
1-3
Silty Sand
2482.93
10-11 feet.
north side of-street.
3-20
Coarse Sand
Depth of Water (7/30)
Odor
10.85
Water Table
2472.18
39
7/28/81
Front St. on east side of
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Oily sand - lighter
11th Ave S.
1-3
Silty Brown Sand
2483.84
than other holes on
3-20
Coarse Sand
Depth of Water (7/30)
Front Street.
11.85
Water Table
2471.99
40
7/28/81
Alley between 11th Ave. S.
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Nega ti ve
and 12th Ave, midpoint be-
1-20
Coarse Sand
2484.09
tween Front & 1st St. S.
Depth of Water (7/30)
10.21
Water Table
2472.36
41
7/29/81
Front St. about 100' west
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Clean
of 11th Ave. underpass.
1-20
Sand, Medium Brown
2484.91
Oepth of Water (7/30)
13.48
Water Table
2471.43
42
7/29/31
About midway in alley
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Well encountered
between Front S 1st in .
1-15
Sand & Silt, Brown
2486.02
coarse sand, stained
block between 10th & 11th
15-20
Sand, Black Stained
Depth of Water (7/30)
black and having odor
Ave. S.
Coarse
13.36
of stove oil.
Water Table
2472.66
-------
DATE
HOLE X DRILLED LOCATION
DRILL LOG (ft)
ELEVATIONS
COMMENTS
43
7/29/81
1st St. at entrance to alley 0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Negati ve
between 10th & 11th Ave.
1-3
Sand, Fine Gray
2485.16
S., north side.
3-12
12-15
15-20
Silt & Fine Gray Sand
Sand, Gray to Brown
Sand, Coarse Brown
Depth of Water (7/30)
12.65
Water Table
2472.51
44
7/29/81
East side of 10th Ave. S.
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Negative
about midway between Front
1-12
Silt 4 Brown Sand
2485.12
and 1st Street.
12-20
Sand, Medium Brown
Depth of Water (7/30)
13.23
Water Table
2471.89
45 7/29/81 North side of 1st St. S. at 0-1 Asphalt Top of Casing Slight odor of gasoline,
corner of 10th Ave. S. 1-15 Silt & Sand, Brown 2484.51
15-20 Sand & Fine Gravel, Gray Depth of Water (7/30)
12.35
Water Table
2472.16
Top of Casing Negative
2490.34
Depth of Water (7/30)
11.34
Water Table
2479.00
47
7/30/81
North side of 3rd St. S.
0-1 Asphalt
Top of Casing Negative
about 20' west of alley
1-20 Sandy Clay
2489.99
in block between 15th
Depth of Water(7/30)
and 16th Avenue.
10.13
Water Table
2479.86
48 7/30/81 Northeast corner of 16th 0-1 Asphalt Top of Casing Negative
Ave and 3rd St. S. 1-20 Sandy Clay 2488.86
Depth of Water (7/30)
7.11-
Water Table
2481.75
46 7/30/81 Northwest corner of 15th 0-1 Asphalt
Ave at 3rd St. S. 1-18 Sandy Clay
18-25 Clay
-------
DAI E
DRILLED
LOCATION
DRILL LOG (ft)
ELEVATIONS
COMMENTS
'19
7/30/81 Center of 1st St. S. at 0-1 Asphalt
alley in the block between 1-20 Sandy Clay
18th & 19th Ave S.
Top of Casing
2489.10
Depth of Water (7/30)
11.01
Water Table
2478.09
Nega ti ve
51
7/30/81 Parkway at southeast 0-1
corner of Front St. and 1-20
10th Ave S.
Fill
Silt and Sand
Top of Casing
2185.99
Depth of Water (7/30)
14.65
Water Table
2471.34
Nega ti ve
52
7/30/81 North side of Front St.
near nild block between
13th & 14th Ave.S.
0-1 Asphalt
1-20 Silt and Sandy Brown
Top of Casing
2481.03
Depth of Water (7/30)
7.26
Water Table
2473.77
Negative
S7
6/30/81 18th Ave N and Railroad St.
Top of Casing Constructed by Southwest
2479.22 Idaho Health District.
Depth of Water (7/31)
4.86
Water Table
2474.36
S8
6/30/81
16th Ave N and 1st St N
beneath overpass.
rn
7/28/81
West side of railroad
property 150' nortli of
tracks. 100' east of
11th Ave underpass.
0-1
1-20
Gravel
Coarse Sand & Silt
Top of Casing
2475.27
Depth of Water (7/31)
3.28 •
Water Table
2471.99
Top of Casing Negative
2482.49
Depth of Water (7/30)
12.15
Water Table
2470.34
-------
DATE
HOLE »
DRILLED
LOCATION
DRILL
LOG (ft)
ELEVATIONS
COMMENTS
N2
7/28/81
RR property 150' east
0-1
Topsoi1
Top of Casing
HNU - 15 down hole
of FN 1
1-6
Fill, Stone
2402.94
6-12
Clay
Depth of Water (7/30)
12-20
Coarse Sand & Clay
12.78
Water Table
2470.16
N3
7/28/81
11th Ave. N, 1st N,
0-1
Gravel
Top of Casing
HNU - 6 down hole
SE corner just off pavement
. 1-5
Brown Sand
2473.83
5-20
Coarse Sand
Depth of Water (7/30)
6.52
Water Table
2467.31
N4
7/28/81
1st St. N 250' east of
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
No I1NU readings.
11th Ave.
1-5
Brown Silty Sand
2474.15
5-20
Coarse Sand
Depth of Water (7/30)
6.45
Water Table
2467.70
N5
7/28/81
1st St. N 150' east of
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Negati ve
Uth Ave.
1-6
Silty Brown Sand
2474.29
6-20
Coarse Sand
Depth of Water (7/30)
6.85
Water Table
2467.44
N6
7/28/81
1st St. N 11th Ave
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Nega ti ve
northwest corner of
1-20
Silty Brown Sand
2473.52
intersection.
Depth of Water (7/30)
6.05
Water Table
2467.47
N7
7/29/81
1st St. 100' west of 11th
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Nega tive
Ave, north side of 1st St.
N. 1-i
?0 Silty Brown Sand
2473.24
North side of 1st St. No.
Depth of Water (7/30)
5.79
Water Table
2467.45
-------
IQlE H DRILLED LOCATION DRILL LOG (ft) ELEVATIONS COMMENTS
N8 7/29/81 1st St. N 200' west of 11th Heavy Clay Top of Casing HNU - 100 ppin
Ave.'N., south side of 1st 2473.35
St. N. Depth of Water (7/30)
6.35
Water Table
2467.00
N9
7/29/81
1st St. N 200' east
0-1
Asphalt
Top of Casing
Negative
of 12th Ave N.
1-3
Silty Brown Sand
2474.24
3-20
Coarse Brown Sand
Depth of Water (7/30)
5.89
Water Table
2468.35
N10
7/29/81
A1ley between 11th N
Coarse Sand
Top of Casing
Negative
and 12th N 200' from
2473.51
1st St. N.
Depth of Water (7/30)
6.44
Water Table
2467.07
Nil
7/29/81
South of Goodyear Store
0-2
Silty Sand
Top of Casing
Negative
vacant 1st in lot behind
2-20
Clay
2471.53
curb and sidewalk.
Depth of Water (7/30)
5.03
Water Table
2466.50
N12
7/30/81
North side of Railroad St
0-2
Fill
Top of Casing
Negative
about 200' west of large
2-20
Silt and Sand, Brown
2481.12
Flowing artersian well
drainage ditch, (to Indian
Depth of Water (7/30)
about 30' north. Area
Creek)
0.00
is water logged.
Water Table
2481.12
-------
Houston, Missouri PCP Incident
Class Problem
INCIDENT: An above ground storage tank collapsed from its supports
causing breach of the tank and subsequent discharge of a large
amount of oil containing a high concentration of
pentachlorophenol (PCP).
LOCATION: Houston Chemical Co., 2-1/2 miles south of Houston, Mo.
BACKGROUND: A representative of the Cairo Treating Plant of Houston
Chemical Company in Houston, Missouri, called the EPA Regional
Office at 8:30 a.m., June 18, 1979 to report a four-day-old
spill of an estimated 15,000 gallons of oil and penta-
chlorophenol (5% PCP by volume). This PCP/oil mixture is used
by the Cairo Plant as a preservative in a wood treatment
process. The initial spiller's report stated that the material
had been contained by a dike and was being removed by a pump
truck. The spiller reported no problem with the clean-up and no
potential for the product to enter drinking water supplies.
At approximately 4:30 p.m., June 18, a Missouri Conservation
Commission Agent called the Regional Spill Line and reported
that an estimated 90% of the spilled product had escaped the
plant containment structures and had been temporarily caught in
a small farm pond, a tributary to Hog Creek and Big Piney
River. The pond reportedly was covered with a layer of PCP/oil
and had very little free board to prevent discharge if rain,
which was predicted, occurred.
The threat of heavy rains and subsequent contamination of
public drinking water supply (Big Piney River) mandated
immediate action. On June 19, representatives of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Coast Guard (USCG);
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA); U.S. Food
and Drug Administration (FDA); U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
(USCE); Missouri Department of Health, Natural Resources,
Conservation, and Highways; and a commercial clean-up
contractor, met in Houston to determine the course of action to
be followed to alleviate the threat to Dublic health and the
envi ronment.
An early morning investigation revealed that the large storage
tank (21,300 gallons) collapsed after being filled to capacity
from a nearby mixing plant (see map). The west (front) end of
the tank struck the ground, the drain valve and pipe sheared
off causing continuous discharge. Total spillage was estimated
at 15,000 gallons. The PCP/oil ran down a dirt driveway. Some
of the material filled the holding pit behind the mixing
facility and overflowed through a drain pipe and into a drainage
ditch. The remainder of the mixture ran down the drive into the
same drainage ditch. The PCP/oil ran down the ditch, through a
culvert, under a side road, then through a culvert under U.S.
Route 63 into a water catch basin. The material then traveled
23
-------
underground approximately 75 feet, leaching into a 7/10 acre
pond (roughly 250' X 122'). At the time of the investigation
the pond was covered with a 1/2" layer of PCP/oil. Under high
water conditions the water overflows the pond at the Northeast
corner spillway, draining into Hog Creek, then to the Big Piney
River. Further studies provided the following information:
. There was a total fish kill in the pond.
. The tank was located in an undiked area, at the top of the
ridge to the west.
. The pond is at a 20' lower elevation than the spill site.
. The well located just south of the mixing facility was
fouled by the PCP/oil.
. There are a number of residential wells in the vicinity.
. The average depth of the pond is 6.6' .
. The average temperature is 68°F (20°C).
Representatives of the Missouri Department of Conservation and
the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recommended a treatment
level of 10 ppb in order to restore inhabitable conditions for
aquatic life.
TASK: (1) Develop a control and clean-up nlan for this situation.
(2) Using the information provided in the scenario and supplemental
information solve the following problems:
a. Determine the volume (gallons) of water in the farm pond.
b. Determine the volume (gallons) of spilled material on the
surface of the pond.
c. Determine the percentage of the spilled material- collected
on the surface of the pond.
d. Determine the amount of PCP, in grams, in the pond water.
What, if any, assumptions must you make to solve this
problem?
e. Under"laboratory conditions it has been determined that one
brand of activated carbon has an adsorption capacity of
40 mg PCP/gm carbon. How much of this carbon is required
to remove all the PCP in the water? Is this answer
realistic? Why or why not?
CONVERSION FACTORS
1.06 qt/1
1 U.S. gallon = 0.1337 ft3
2.2 lb/kg
Sp. Gr. (PCP) = 1.978
Sp. Gr. (Oil) = 0.85
PCP Solubility: 14 mg/1
in H20 0 20°C
-------
PENTACHLOROPHENOL SPILL NEAR HOUSTON, MO. - A FACT SHEET
A report of a "Penta" spill in Houston, Missouri, was received on the En-
vironmental Protection Agency's Environmental Action Line, a toll-free
telephone maintained in the Kansas City office. The information was
immediately given to the Emergency Response Section.
Phenol is a compound produced from coal tar and is used in making explosives
and synthetic resins. It is a strong corrosive poison. Pentachlorophenol
is produced by mixing phenol with chlorine. It is used as a wood
preservative to lengthen the life of structural wood products. It's sodium
salts are widely used as pesticides.
Pentachlorophenol is toxic. A teaspoon to one ounce is a probable lethal
dose to a 150 pound man. It causes contact dermatitis and is absorbed
through the skin. Absorption and toxicity are increased by oils. The
pentachlorophenol spilled in Houston was mixed with oil.
EPA was concerned about the chemical getting into drinking water supplies
because ingestion causes lung, liver, and kidney damage.
EPA got involved when conversations with the spiller and a Missouri
Conservation Commission agent revealed that the actions taken by the spiller
were inadequate to protect public health.
The Regional Response Team was activated to evaluate the situation and
determine if a Federal cleanup would be necessary to protect public health
and environmental resources.
The Regional Response Team is composed of representatives from State and
Federal agencies who can contribute to the identification of hazards and
clean-up actions.
Federal and State involvement is recommended for spills from 10 pounds up.
The Houston spill amounted to approximately 4,000 pounds.
The contaminated soil must be removed because the chemical will remain toxic
for an indefinite period of time. Children playing in a spill area a year
or more from now could suffer severe health effects from the mixture of oil
and Pentachlorophenol which saturated the soil.
The contaminated soil will be disposed of in Bob's Home Service Landfill in
Wright City, Missouri. This is an approved, permitted, hazardous waste
disposal site.
If the spiller had provided for on-site spill retention, the cost of the
cleanup would have amounted to approximately $5,000. Without such
precautions, the estimated clean-up cost is $500,000.
Under the Clean Water Act, the spiller may be responsible for the costs
incurred by the U.S. Government for the removal of the material.
25
-------
North
I
to Houston
Missouri
2.5 miles
1
ro
IT)
Cylindrical
storage
tank
15,000 gal.^
Cylindrical
storage tank
21,300 gal.
,)
"Dry drainage ditch
Culvert
old US 63
-------
Garland, Texas Derailment
CLASS PROBLEM
INCIDENT: A train derailment involving approximately 5,500 gallons of
styrene monomer from a punctured rail car.
LOCATION: The derailment occured in a residential area on the south side
of Garland, Texas near the intersection of two heavily
travelled roads.
DATE: June 6, 1980
SITUATION: Seven cars derailed. Three were empty boxcars and four were
tankcars. One of the tankcars contained LPG, one contained
transformer oil, and the two others contained styrene monomer.
The cars containing LPG and transformer oil were righted
without any significant discharge and removed from the site.
One of the two styrene cars was upside down and.leaked only
minimally from its dome before it could be righted and removed.
The other styrene car was punctured near the middle of the
front bulkhead. The majority of the styrene was discharged
from this car.
Although no fire erupted after the derailment, a hazard still
existed. Vapors from the leaking styrene reached at least 20%
of the lower explosive limit near the site. This, coupled with
the hazards associated with rerai1ing'the LPG car, prompted the
local Civil Defense Director to initiate an evacuation of
residents in the immediate vicinity of the derailment and those
living in a downwind area affected by the styrene.vapors. An
estimated 12,000 people were temporarily displaced from their
homes.
Before any attempts were made to re-rail the LPG car, the
leaking styrene car was plugged by a contractor hired by the
railroad. The Garlad Fire Department doused the derailed cars
to reduce vapor emissions and to keep the cars from becoming
excessively heated by the mid-day sun. Although only 5,500
gallons of styrene was discharged, the additional 300,000 to
400,000 gallons of water used by the fire department magnified
the problem. Some of this styrene-water mixture overflowed
into the yards of adjacent residential lots. Much of the
material flowed through the yards into the street where it
entered into a storm sewer. The storm sewer eventually opened
into a short drainage ditch that flowed into a creek.
When the explosive hazard was thought to be minimal, the two
remaining cars were righted, rerailed, and removed. By Monday,
June 9, all but three of the evacuated families were permitted
to return home. The three remaining homes at 2149, 2145, and
2141 Sharon Drive, still had significant styrene vapor
concentrations inside the living quarters. These homes were
most directly impacted by the run-off of styrene and water when
the fire department hosed-down the derailed cars. The soil
near the derailment and in the yards of the three homes was
27
-------
saturated with styrene and water. Two of the homes were built
on concrete slabs, so the water could not get underneath the
houses. The third house, at 2145, was built on a pier and beam
foundation, which allowed the crawl space to be soared with
styrene/water mixture.
In a meeting of railroad, federal, state, and city officials on
Monday morning, June 9, it was agreed that further measures
were required to handle this problem.
TASK: Define the hazards of the situation and determine what
mitigative measures are necessary to remedy the problem.
28
-------
Sharon
Drive
Camden
A
North
\
\
\
I
/
(in storm sewer)
/
Drainage ditch
X Derailment
••• Spill path
„ Underflow dam
' Sand dam
.Duck Creek
29
-------
2141
2145
*Styrene impact area
2149
"Styrene tankers
Spill
f low
Sharon
Drive
North
30
-------
PHENYL ETHYLENE. Syns: vinyl benzene, siyrene
(monomer), cinnamene. Colorless, refractive, oily liq-
uid. GHsCHCH*, mw: 104.14, mp: -31°, bp: 146°,
lei = 1.1%, uel = 6.1%, flash p: 88°F, d: 0.9074 @
20°/4°, autoign. temp.: 914°F, vap. d: 3.6, fp: —33°,
ulc: 40-50.
Acute tox data: Inhal LClo (human) = 10,000 ppm
for J hr; inhal TClo (humans) = 600 ppm —~ irr
effects; inhal TClo (humans) = 376 ppm ~ CNS
effects; inhal TClo (women) = 20 mg/m3 —* glan-
dular effects; oral LDjo (rat) = 5000 mg/kg; oral
LDso (mice) = 316 mg/kg; inhal LClo (mice) =
10,000 ppm. [5]
THR = MOD via inhal and oral routes. It can cause
irr, violent itching of the eyes, lachrymation, and
severe human eye injuries. Its toxic effects are usu-
ally transient and result in irr and possible nar-
cosis. It is not considered a very toxic material,
because under ordinary conditions it does not vapor-
ize sufficiently to reach a cone that can kill animals,
such as rats and guinea pigs, in a few min. Exper
have found that 10,000 ppm was dangerous to
animal life in from 30-60 min, 2,500 ppm was
dangerous to life in 8 hrs, while 1,300 ppm was the
high amount which was found to cause no serious
systemic disturbances in 8 hrs. However, all ani-
mals exposed to these amounts did evidence eye and
nasal irr, while those exposed to 2,500 ppm or more
showed varying degrees of weakness and stupor, fol-
lowed by incoordination, tremors and unconscious-
ness. To produce this unconsciousness required 10
hrs at a cone of 2,500 ppm. From a study to deter-
mine the chronic effects of this material, it was dis-
covered that rats exposed to 1,300 ppm for from
7-8 hrs/day, 5 days/week, for 26 weeks, showed
evidence and definite signs of eye and nasal irr and
appeared unkempt, though they made a normal gain
in weight and presented no significant microscopic
tissue changes or changes in the blood picture.
Twelve'rabbits exposed to 1,300 ppm for the same
period of time showed similar results with one un-
explained exception.
Fire Hazard: Dangerous, when exposed to flame,
heat or oxidants.
Explosion Hazard: Reacts violently with chloro-
sulfonic acid, oleum, H2SO4. [/9]
Disaster Hazard: Dangerous, upon exposure to heat
or flame; on decomp, emits acrid fumes; can react
vigorously with oxidizing materials.
Treatment and Antidotes: Personnel who show symp-
toms of irr or beginning narcosis due to exposure
to this material should be removed from exposure
and the symptoms will disappear. If the symptoms
persist, consult a physician.
To Fight Fire: Foam, CO2, dry chemical.
8657. Styrene. Ethenylbenzene; styrol; styrolene; anna*
mene; cinnamol; phenylethylene, vinylbenzene. C,Hr mol
Wt 104.14. C 92.26%, H 7.74%. CtH?CH=CHr Isolated
from storax by Bonastre in 1831. Obtained from ethyl benz-
ene by dehydrogenation or by chlonnation and subsequent
removal of hydrogen halide. Multistep synthesis starting
with 1-phenylethanol and leading to polystyrene: Wilen et
aL, J: Chem. Ed. 38, 304 (I960. When heated to 200* it is
converted into the polymer* polystyrene, which is a clear
plastic having excellent insulating properties even at ultra-
high radio frequencies. Monograph: W. C. Teach. G. C.
Kiessling, Polystyrene (Ranhold, New York. 1960). Re-
views of styrene monomer and polymers: Boyer et aL. "Sty*
rene Polymers** in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and
Technology voL 13 (Intersciencc, New York, 1970) pp 128-
447; Coulter et aL, "Styrene and Related Monomers'* in
Vinyl and Diene Monomers (part 2), E. C. Leonard* Ed.
(Wiley-Intersaence. New York, 1971) pp 479-576.
Colorless to yellowish* very refractive* oily liq; penetrating
odor. On exposure to light and air it slowly undergoes poly-
merization and oxidation with formation of peroxides, etc.
d* 0.9059. fp -30.6*. bp 145-146*. /iff 1.5463. Sparingly
sol in water, sol in alcohol, ether, methanol, acetone, carbon
disulfide. LDn orally in rats: 4.92 g/kg. Toxic Substances
List, H. E. Christen sen. Ed. (1973) p 885.
Polystyrene* Dylene, Trycite. Physical properties of un-
modified polystyrene: d}° 1.04-1.065; 1.60; water-clear
solid plastic, begins to soften at about 85*. Dielectric con*
stant at 100 megacycles: 2.4*2.65.
USE: Manuf plastics; synthetic rubber, resins; insulator.
Caution: May be irritating to eyes, mucous membranes, and.
in high concns, narcotic.
Source:
The Merck Index
styrene monomer (vinylbenzene; phenylethylene; cinna-
mene) C»HiCH:CHi.
Properties: Colorless, oily liquid; aromatic odor. F.p.
-30.63°C; b.p. 145.2°C; sp. gr. (25/25'C) 0.9045;
wt/gal (20°C) 7.55 lbs; flash point 88°F. Autoignition
temp 914° F. Insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol and
ether. Readily undergoes polymerization when heated
or exposed to light or a peroxide catalyst. The
polymerization releases heat and may become ex-
plosive.
Derivation: From ethylene and benzene in the presence
of aluminum chloride to yield ethylbcnzene, which is
caialytically dehydrogenated at about 630°C to form
styrene.
Grades: Technical 99.2%; polymer 99.6%.
Containers: Glass bottles; carboys; steel drums; tank
cars and tank trucks.
Hazard: Moderately toxic by ingestion and inhalation.
Tolerance, 100 ppm in air. Flammable, moderate fire
risk. Explosive limits in air 1.1 to 6.1%. Must be
inhibited during storage. Safety data sheet available
from Manufacturing Chemists Assn., Washington,
DC.
Uses: Polystyrene plastics; SBR, ABS and SAN resins;
protective coatings (Styrene-butadiene latex; alkyds);
styrenated polyesters; rubber-modified polystyrene;
copolymer resins; intermediate
Shipping regulations: (Rail) Not listed. (Air) (in-
hibited) No label required; (uninhibited) Not ac-
ceptable.
Source:
The Condensed Chemical Dictionary
Source: Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials
31
-------
Source: CHRIS Hazardous Chemical Data
Coiatka M
00 NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
HARMFUL TO AQUATIC LIFE IN VERY U>W CONCENTRATIONS
Fe«*ft| to d»o««tar
May be tbegrrt* d il rntcn or luce shield
Symptoms Following Eipoturc Moderate irriijihmi of eyes and skin Htih vapor concentrations
cause dullness. drunkenness jndaacsihcsu
TreatmenttoeExposure: INHALATION remove lo fresh air. keep warm and quiet. use
artificial respiration if nc^Jcd (SGESTION do NOT induce vomuing, call phs sician, no
known jntidote SKIN OR t-Yb CONTACT flush wuh plems of water for e\o iret medical
jiienuon
Totictty by InhaJalioa (Threshold Limit Value): lOOppm
Short-Term inhalation Llmta: 100 pp«n (or JO mm
Toxicity by Ingestion: G/a0e2 i.D«0 5 to 5 ft/kp
Lai* Toiidty: Dan not j»jiI.iWc
Vapor (Qm| Irritant Characters tics: Vapors cause muderjie irnuiiun <.ui.hi.hji personnel will
find high concentrations unptcjwM. T>ie ellcet is temporary
Liquid or Solid Irritant Char acta* ilk* Causes smarting of ihe skin and firsi-decree burns on
shun (ipotui(, may uu\< «cii>ndjr^ burns on innp exposure
S tO Odor Threshold: 0 I4» ppm
S 2
5 4
5 9
S. FIRE HAZARDS
FlMkPoint: 93*POL .im'K C
Flammable Umtts in Air I i'< h l'»
Firs EstlnguisMng Agsnts: Water
lug. foam cjrbon diuntk or drj chemical
Fire ExttnguteMnf Agonts Not to bo Used:
Wjicr mav be ineffective
Special Haiardo of Combustion Products:
Sot pertinent
Iro: V«pur is heavier Ihao
air and may travel considerable
distance to 4 source of ipnmon and Hash
back At elevated temperatures vuch
as in fire conditions poKmeruaiion
ma* lake place which may lead lo
lontatnef e\p(o\»on
igiHttoo TamperaUre:
Ooctrtcal Haaard: Class I, Group 0
SuminaRotv S2mm/mm
7. CHEMICAL REACTIVITY
fl Water: No reaction
RaaotMty wrtti Common Materials:
No ruciioo
Stability Owring Transport Stable
MamtalUing Agents *or Acids wad
Couettea: Not pcnineni
Mynnflullewi May occur ifheaied above
IS0*F Can cause rupture of cuniaincr
Metal salts pcroiules and suonp acids
ma) also cjuse poly meruaiion
InNblloi at Nywerimtew: Ternary •
buivicaieciioi 10-Hppm
8. WATER POLLUTION
8 1 Aquatic Toiidty:
22 ppm/Vh hr/blufjnll/TLtn/lfi>fi »ai
8 2 Waterfowl Toiletty: Daia not available
8 3 Btotogtcal Oiyoen Demand (BOO):
\W» (iheur ) 412 da\s
8 4 Food Chain Concentration Potential:
9. SELECTED MANUFACTURERS
Amoco Ch«fMc j!s C of
9IOSouih Mrchipan Ave
Chtcjfo, III
Dow Chemical Co
Midland Mich 4KMO
Munsanio Co
Mon%«nio Pols mers & Pet rochemicjls C
800 North Lmdbcrph blvd
Si Louis Mo 6JIMt
10. SHIPPING INFORMATION
10 1 Grsdso or Purity:
10 2 Storage Temperature: Ambient
10 3 Inert Atmosphere: No requirement
10 4 Venting: Open fflvne trmter)
U. HAZAR0 ASSESSMENT CODE
11 HAZAR0 CLASSIFICATIONS
Code ol Federal Regulatlona:
FUmmible Liquid
NA8 Haxard Rating tor Bulk Water
Traneportatio*:
Category Rating
Fue 3
Heallh
Vapor Irntani 2
Liquid or Solid Irntani 2
Poisons 2
Wjier Poiluiton
Human 7o*tcay I
AquaiK Toatciiy 3
Aesihettc Effect 2
Reactivity
Other ChemicaK 2
Waicr 0
Self-Reaction J
MFPA Haiard Classlflcationa:
Category Clataiflcatlon
Health Hazard (Blue) 2
Flammabtlny (Red) )
ReaClivuy (YellowI 2
13. PHYSICAL ANO CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
13 1 Physical Slate at 19aC and 1 atnc
Liquid
13 2 Molecular wevgftt: iim n
13 3 Sotlmg Po*nt at 1 aim:
293 4*h ¦ l«s 2*(. - 4IH 4*K
13 4 Freezing Potnt
-2J l*H - — 306*C - :*2 h'K
13 5 Cntlcl Temperature:
¦>03*F - 373*C - fOVK
13 6 Critical Protauro:
->KU p-."j - 3<# ** aim * 4 00 M S/m'
13 7 Specific Grawty: 0 **> ji 20*(. (liquid)
13 8 Liquid Surface Tension:
32 l4dvnes/cm»0 032l4N/mji iq*(.
13 9 Liquid- Watar Interlacial Tansion:
35 JS d\nes/cm • U 03^48 S/nui l^'C
13 10 Vspor (Q—) Specific flrawty
Noi periinent
13 11 Ratloof Speclfla Heats ol Vapor (Gaa):
I 074
13 12 Latent Heat oi Vaporisation:
156 8tu/lb • 86 Scal/g - 3 M X ll>' i/k(i
13 13 Heat of Combustion Not pernneni
13 14 Heat of Decomposition: Noi pcmncni
13 IS Heal of Sohition: Not pernneni
13 16 Heat ol Potymeruation: —277 Bt u /1 b
• -IMcal/| - -b 45 X \0' J/Wv
NOTES
REVISED 1978
32
-------
Source: OHWTADS
(1) Accession Number 7216911
(2) CAS Registry Number: 100-42-5
(3) SIC Code: 3255; 2321; 3644
(4) Material Name: S$$ STYRENE
C 5) Synonyms: STYROL, STYROLENE, CINNEMENE, DINNAMOL,
PHENYLETHYIENE, VINYLBENZENE
(7) Chemical Formula: C6H5CH:CH2
(8) Species in Mixture: 99/J PURE
(9) Common Uses: PLASTICS, RUBBER, RESIN, INSULATORS
(10) Transport, Rail (%): 40.4
(11) Transport, Barge(%): 1.7
(12) Transport, Truck (%): 56.5
(14) Containers: GLASS BOTTLES, 1- TO 5-GALLON CANS, 55-GALLON METAL
DRUMS, TANK TRUCKS, TANK CARS, TANK BARGES.
(15) General Storage Procedure: PROTECT AGAINST PHYSICAL
DAMAGE. OUTSIDE OR DETACHED STORAGE IS PREFERABLE. INSIDE STORAGE
SHOULD BE IN A STANDARD FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS STORAGE ROOM OR
CABINET. STYRENE MONOMER VAPORS ARE UNINHIBITED AND MAY FORM
POLYMERS IN VENTS OR FLAME ARRESTERS OF STORAGE TANKS, RESULTING
IN STOPPAGE OF VENTS. THE MONOMER MUST BE CHECKED AT LEAST WEEKLY
TO DETERMINE INHIBITOR AND POLYMER CONTENT IF THE MATERIAL IS
BEING STORED FOR ANY PERIOD OF TIME IN EXCESS OF 30 DAYS AT 90
DEGREES,FAHRENHEIT.
(16) General Handling Procedure: FIRE HAZARD IS NOT GREAT, BUT SHOULD
BE CAUTIONED AGAINST ANY IGNITION SOURCES NEAR HANDLING AREA.
(17) Production Sites: AMOCO CHEMICALS CORP., TX; CITY, TX;
BORG WARNER CORP. (MARBON CHEMICAL DIV.), BAYTOWN, TX;
COSDEN PETROLEUM CORP., BIG SPRING, TX;
DOW CHEMICAL CO., MIDLAND, MI; FREEPORT, TX;
FOSTER-GRANT CO., INC., BATON ROUGE, LA;
KOPPERS CO., INC., KOBUTA, PA;
MONSANTO CO., TX; CITY, TX;
ODESSA STYRENE CO., ODESSA, TX;
SHELL CHEMICAL CO., TORRANCE, CA;
SINCLAIR-KOPPERS CHEMICAL CO., HOUSTON, TX;
SUNTIDE REFINING CO., CORPUS CHRISTI, TX;
UNION CARBIDE CORP., CHEMICALS DIV., INSTITUTE, WV; SEADRIFT,
TX .
(19) Additive(%): TERT-BUTYLPYROCATECHOL
(21) Corrosiweness: CORROSIVE TO COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS
(25) Detection Limit (Lab; Techniques,Ref) (ppm): .001, GC, (BNW 2801 )
(26) Standard Codes: EPA 311; NFPA - 2,3,2,P; NO ICC LABEL REQUIRED;
SUPERFUND DESIGNATED (HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES) LST.
(27) Flammabi1ity : QUITE FLAMMABLE, COMBUSTION PROBABLE.
(28) Flammability Limits), Lower: 1.1
(29) Flammability Limit(%), Upper: 6.1
(30) Toxic Combustion Prod.: HAZARDOUS - EMPLOY SELF-CONTAINED
BREATHING APPARATUS.
(31) Extinguishing Method: WATER MAY BE INEFFECTIVE. USE COS, CARBON
TETRACHLORIDE, DRY CHEMICAL, WATER FOG OR FOAM.
(32) Flash Point (C.): 32.2
(33) Auto Ignition Point(C.): 490
(34) Exp losiveness : REACTIVE AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES OR PRESSURES
(35) Explosive limit(S), Lower: 1.1
(36) Explosive Limit(*J), Upper: 6.1
(37) Melting Point (C.): -33
39) Boiling Point (C.): 145
.41) Solubility (ppm 3 25C): 320
33
-------
(43) Specific Gravity: .909
(44) Vapor Pressure (mm Hg) : 100
(45) Vapor Pressure Text: 100 MM HG AT 82 DEGREES CELSIUS
(46) Vapor Density: 3.6
49) Biochemical Oxygen Demand Text:
( Lb/Lb ) I %Theo I Days I Seed iMethod I Reference
<
1
1 s%
1.412
ACTIVATED SLUDGE
I TREATMENT
PLANT
I C1 0
<
1
11 %
I 36
IC02 ANALYSIS
I E86
>
1
65%
I 5
SEWAGE
SEED
I BOD
I R1 1 8
>
1
65%
I 1 0
SEWAGE
SEED
I BOD
I R 1 1 8
>
1
78%
I 1 5
SEWAGE
SEED
I BOD
I R 1 1 S
>
1
37%
I 20
SEWAGE
SEED
I BOD
I R1 1 8
<
1
8%
I 5
SEWAGE
SEED
I SALTWATER
BOD
I R1 1 8
<
1
1 2%
I 1 0
SEWAGE
SEED
I SALTWATER
BOD
I R1 1 8
<
1
21 %
I 1 5
SEWAGE
SEED
I SALTWATER
BOD
I r 11 a
>
1
80%
I 20
SEWAGE
SEED
I SALTWATER
BOD
I r 11 a
(50) Persistency: BIODEGRADES SLOWLY. EXPOSURE TO AIR AND LIGHT
CAUSES OXIDATION AND SUBSEQUENT FORMATION OF PEROXIDES.
(51) Potential for Accumulation: NEGATIVE
(58) Fresh Mater Toxicity Text:
Cone .
Expos
(Hr )
1 Spec i e
1 Effect I
Test Environment
1 Reference
1
51
96
I FATHEAD MINNOW
1TLM |
TEMPERATURE CON
1 E3
25. 05
24-96
1BLUEGILL
1 TLM |
25 DEGREES
CELSIUS, SOFT
1 R202
1
22
96
1 BLUEGILL
1 TLM |
TEMPERATURE CON
1 E3
56 . 73
24
1 FATHEAD MINNOW
1 TLM |
25 DEGREES
CELSIUS, SOFT
1 R 2 0 2
1
68
96
1 GOLDFISH
1 TLM |
TEMPERATURE CON
1 E 3
6Z . 58
48
1 FATHEAD MINNOW
1 TLM |
25 DEGREES
CELSIUS, SOFT
1 R 2 0 2
1
68
96
1 GUPPY
1 TLM |
TEMPERATURE CON
1 E3
46.41
96
1 FATHEAD MINNOW
1 TLM |
25 DEGREES
CELSIUS, SOFT
1 R202
1
62 .81
24-48
1 FATHEAD MINNOW
1 TLM |
25 DEGREES
CELSIUS, HARD
1 R 2 0 2
1
59 . 30
96
1 FATHEAD MINNOW
1 TLM |
25 DEGREES
CELSIUS, HARD
1 R202
1
64 . 74
24-96
1 GOLDFISH
1 TLM |
25 DEGREES
CELSIUS, SOFT
1 R 2 0 2
1
74 .83
24-96
1 GUPPY
1 TLM |
25 DEGREES
CELSIUS, SOFT
1 R 2 0 2 .
1
(62)
Salt
Water Toxicity
Text:
Cone .
Expos
(Hr )
1Spec i e
1 Effect I
Test Environment
1 Reference
1
68
24
1 BRINE SHRIMP
1 TLM |
STATIC
I R 1 1 8
52
48
1 BRINE SHRIMP
1 TLM |
STATIC
I R1 1 8
( 64 )
An i ma
1 Toxicity Text
Value
T i me
1 Spec i es
1 Param.I
Route
I Ref.
376
1 HMN
ITCLO I
INH
I R1
PPM
I
4920
1 RAT
1L D 50 |
ORL
I P1 9 .
' 79 )
Major
Species Threatened: WATERFOWL
i SO )
Taste
Imparting Characterist
ics (ppm): .25
34
-------
(81) Taste Imparting Characteristics (Reference): (Q10)
(82) Inhalation Limit (Value): 4 2 0
(83) Inhalation Limit (Text): (MG/M3)
(84) Irritation Levels (Value): 400
86) Direct Contact: ITCHING OF EYES, LAC RI MAT I ON
(87) General Sensation: SWEET PLEASANT ODOR WHEN DILUTE. ODOR
DETECTABLE AT .148 PPM IN AIR VAPOR PRESSURE 44 TIMES ODOR
THRESHOLD; DISAGREEABLE ODOR AT HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS. (R63);
ALDEHYDES OR PEROXIDES MAY FORM WHEN EXPOSED TO AIR, INCREASING
SHARP ODOR. GOOD WARNING PROPERTIES. ANESTHETIC, ORAL INTAKE ACTS
AS IRRITANT RATHER THAN POISON. 10,000 PPM DANGEROUS TO ANIMALS IN
1 HR., 2,500 PPM DANGEROUS TO LIFE IN 8 HOUR
(88) Odor Threshold, Louer (ppm): .02
(89) Odor Threshold, Louer (Reference): (E63)
(90) Odor Threshold, Medium (ppm): .73
(91) Odor Threshold, Medium (Referemce): (E63)
(92) Odor Threshold, Upper (ppm): 2.6
(93) Odor Threshold, Upper (Reference): (E63)
(108) Personal Safety Precautions: WEAR GOGGLES AND SELF-CONTAINED
BREATHING APPARATUS. WHERE POOLS OF LIQUID ARE PRESENT, IMPERVIOUS
OUTERWEAR SHOULD BE WORN.
(109) Acute Hazard Level: LETHAL CONCONCENTRATION TO RATS IN AIR 2000
PPM. (D2) IRRITANT. MODERATELY TOXIC WITH INGESTION OR
INHALATION. TOXIC TO FISH. LOW TASTE THRESHOLD. WILL PRODUCE SOME
BOD.
(110) Chronic Hazard Level: REPEATED EXPOSURE MAY CAUSE COMPOUNDED
LOCAL PROBLEMS. RATS AND RABBITS EXPOSED TO 1300 PPM FOR 7-8
HOUR/DAY, 7 DAY/ WEEK FOR 26 WEEK SHOWED DEFINITE SIGNS OF EYE
AND NASAL IRRITATION.
'111) Degree of Hazard to Public Health: IRRITANT. MODERATELY TOXIC
WHEN INGESTED OR INHALED. AMBIENT TEMPERATURES ARE USUALLY TOO LOW
TO CAUSE SIGNIFICANT INHALATION THREAT.
(112) Air Pollution: HIGH
(113) Action Levels: NOTIFY FIRE AND AIR AUTHORITY. IF INTENSE HEAT
PREVAILS, EVACUATE AREA. ENTER FROM UPWIND. REMOVE IGNITION
SOURCES.ATTEMPT TO CONTAIN SLICK.
(114) In Situ Amelioration: USE OIL SKIMMING EQUIPMENT AND SORBENT
FOAMS ON SLICK. APPLY CARBON OR PEAT TO UNDISSOLVED PORTION. SEEK
PROFESSIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ASSISTANCE THROUGH EPA'S
ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE TEAM (ERT), EDISON, NJ, 24-HOUR NO.
201-321-6660.
(115) Beach/Shore Restoration: PRODUCES ACRID FUMES ON BURNING.
(116) Aval, of Countermeasure Material: OIL SKIMMING EQUIPMENT -
STORED AT MAJOR PORTS; SORBENT FOAMS (POLYURETHANE) - UPHOLSTERY
SHOPS; CARBON - WATER TREATMENT PLANTS, SUGAR REFINERIES; PEAT -
NURSERIES, FLORAL SHOPS
(117) Disposal Method: CAN BE BURNED UNDER CONTROL. CAN BLOW AIR
THROUGH CONTAMINATED WATER AND BURN THE EXIT GASES.
(118) Disposal Notification: LOCAL AIR AUTHORITY
(119) Industrial Fouling Pot.: SLICK MAY REDUCE HEAT TRANSFER OR
CAUSE HOT SPOTS OR SCALING. POSES RUPTURE HAZARD IF CONFINED WITH
BOILER FEED OR COOLING SYSTEM WATERS.
(121) Major Water Use Threatened: RECREATION, POTABLE SUPPLY,
FISHERIES, INDUSTRIAL
(122) Probable Location and State of Material: COLORLESS LIQUID. WILL
FORM SLICK ON SURFACE AND SLOWLY DISSOLVE.
24) Water Chemistry: OXIDIZES AND FORMS PEROXIDES OR ALDEHYDES WITH
PENETRATING ODOR WHEN EXPOSED TO AIR AND LIGHT. ELEVATED
35
-------
TEMPERATURES CAN SPONSOR VIOLENT POLYMERIZATION. SUBJECT TO
BIODEGRADATION.
(125) Color in Water: COLORLESS
'126) Adequacy of Data: FAIR
36
-------
Valley of the Drums, Kentucky
CLASS PROBLEM
INCIDENT: During the period from 1967 until 1978 an uncontrolled
industrial waste disposal facility was operated in the knob
region of Kentucky just south of Louisville. Presenting
himself to area industries as a waste hauler and barrel
recycler, the owner/operator of the site amassed over
twenty-seven thousand drums of chemical waste at the location
later to be known as the Valley of the Drums. In March of
1979, the EPA responded to a report that oil and chemical
substances were draining from "the Valley" into adjacent
surface waters.
DESCRIPTION: The site occupied an area of approximately ten acres in a small
valley. Bordering the site to the north is an undeveloped
section of Jefferson Memorial Forest; to the south is the LAN
Golf Course; to the east and west are sparsely populated
residential properties. Several homes are within 100 yards of
the dump.
The general slope of the land is to the southeast, where Wilson
Creek absorbs run-off from the site. The site appears to be
isolated from groundwater supplies by thick layers of clay and
shale.
The site consists of empty, partially empty, and full drums
that had been dumped, piled, stacked or buried on the ten acre
plot. Aerial photographs indicate approximately 18,000 drums
on about six acres. Three areas containing buried drums were
located. Company records of undetermined accuracy indicate
Taylor received approximately 27,500 55-gallon drums. A number
of these have obviously been emptied into two lagoons on site.
The balance are presumed to be buried.
The drums are in various stages of deterioration; bungs, plugs,
and lids are missing. Drums are rusted out with gashes and
cuts observed in many drums. Pools, ponds and streams of
multi-colored material are observed on the ground and a variety
of odors and stenches perceived. Many empty or partially empty
drums are observed in various stages of deterioration. Due to
the March snow melt, visual contamination is apparent in Wilson
Creek, a tributary to the Ohio River watershed.
SITE Industrial records indicate that the majority of wastes at the
INVENTORY: site are paint and oil sludges, waste solvents and oils, and
distillation bottoms. Analysis of water and sediment collected
from various locations within the site have identified 142
distinct organic compounds. Out of these 142 compounds, 12
appear on the 311 designated hazardous substance list, 40 are
included in the "Human Effect"section of the Registry of Toxic
Effects, 27 are included in the "Carcinogenic Effects" section
and 6 are in the "Teratogenic Effects" section of the Registry.
Analysis of many samples from various locations showed the
presence of heavy metals, specifically cadmium, chromium,
mercury and lead.
37
-------
Analysis of water and sediment samples in Wilson Creek, which
drains the site, revealed the presence of 50 of the 142 organic
compounds identified in the samples collected on the site.
Among the organics, 2 PCB mixtures were found in fish and
macroinvertibrates collected from Wilson Creek. Oil was also
found in fish and macroinvertibrates collected from Wilson
Creek. Oil was also found on the site although only small
quantities were in the stream itself.
1. Establish emergency containment and/or treatment measures
in Wilson Creek downstream of the site.
2. Design a collection and treatment system for site runoff.
3. Propose remedial action at the site, in as many phases a
seem necessary, to result in ultimate cleanup at the site.
-------
39
-------
POINT SOURCE DISCHARGE INTO WILSON CREEK
(Typical of Values Found Around Site)
COMPOUND AMOUNT
2 - Butanone (methyl ethyl ketone) 14.79 ppm
2 Butanol 20.74 ppm
4 - Methyl, 2 Pentanone (methyl isobutyl ketone) 7.0 ppm
4 Methyl, 2 Pentanol 4.0 ppm
Toluene 0.5 ppm
2 - Hexanone (methyl butyl ketone) 0.2 ppm
Xylenes (ortho, meta, para) 1.0 ppm
Phenol 0.4 ppm
4.0.
------- |