TECHNICAL REPORT ON
SOUND LEVELS IN
BRYCE CANYON NATIONAL PARK
AND
THE NOISE IMPACT OF THE
PROPOSED ALTON COAL MINE*
BY
DR. JAMES D, FOCH# JR.
AND
GEOFF S. OLIVER
NOISE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE CENTER
UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
BOULDER/ COLORADO 80309
OCTOBER 1980

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CONTENTS
Section	Pages
SUMMARY	1
I.	INTRODUCTION	1
II.	INDIGENOUS SOUND LEVELS IN BRYCE CANYON	3
NATIONAL PARK
III.	PRINCIPAL SOURCES OF SOUND FROM THE	20
PROPOSED MINE
IV.	ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS AFFECTING LONG RANGE	26
SOUND PROPAGATION
V.	PREDICTED MINING SOUND LEVELS IN THE PARK	28
VI.	AUDIBILITY OF SOUNDS FROM THE PROPOSED MINING	39
VII.	INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS	41
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS	45
REFERENCES	46
APPENDIX
A.	EQUIPMENT LIST	48
B.	INDIGENOUS SOUND LEVELS IN BRYCE CANYON	54,
NATIONAL PARK
C.	BLASTING DATA	102
D.	ATMOSPHERIC ABSORPTION DATA FOR	106
BRYCE CANYON NATIONAL PARK
E.	OCTAVE BAND ANALYSES OF COAL BLAST	136
MEASUREMENTS
i¦ !>

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SUMMARY
M ths request of the NPS, the EPA, In cooperation with the Office of
Surface Mining (OSM), conducted sound level measurements within Bryce Canyon
National Park. In this effort, background sound levels were measured, as well
as the sound levels produced by two unconflned air blasts set off south of the
Park 1n a proposed surface coal mining area. Subsequently, EPA, NPS and OSM
staff measured the sound levels of blasts from operating surface coal mines 1n
northwest Colorado.
The present report 1s an account of the levels measured during these
monitoring periods. In addition, the report attempts to predict the probable
noise Impacts of surface coal mining on Bryce Canyon National Park.
Typical background sound levels measured 1n the Park were found to be
extremely low. During the day, 1n the absence of strong winds, ambient sound
levels frequently fall below 20 dBA which 1s comparable to sound levels 1n a
high quality recording studio.
In higher use areas, during the day, ambient sound levels frequently fall
below 30 dBA.
At night, again, 1n the absence of strong winds, anblent sound levels
frequently fall below 20 dBA.
This report 1s limited to an assessment of only blasting and truck noise
expected from the proposed coal development. While several other surface mine
noise sources exist which could have an Impact on the Park, these sources were
not addressed due to time constraints.
I.t

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Four reference points were selected to estimate the noise levels fran
blasting and trucks: Two In the proposed mining area (West Alton, East
Alton); and two in the Park (Yovlmpa Point, Bryce Point).
Blasting noise Is likely to be heard at both Park reference points and
throughout most of the Park when blasts are detonated 1n either East or West
Alton. Obviously, the most serious noise Impacts Mill occur near Yovlmpa
Point Nhen mining activities are 1n the East Alton area. This 1s also the
case for coal truck noise. The coal trucks at East Alton would produce
maximum noise levels of 28 to 67 dBA at Yovlmpa Point. When compared to the
extremely low ambient sound levels, truck noise alone would cause a two to 16
fold Increase In the perceived loudness of sound levels 1n the Park. Blasting
noise from East Alton 1s predicted to be as high as 86 dBA at Yovlmpa Point.
Once again, comparing these noise levels to the low Indigenous sound levels
known to exist In the Park, blasting could be perceived as being as much as 64
times louder than the natural background sound levels.
Therefore, both truck noise and blasting will be audible within the Park
providing there 1s no masking from Indigenous sounds. An analysis of
available wind data (from three different sites and sources) shows similar
results for frequency of wind speeds 1n the area. The wind speed data
Indicates that wind speeds are ten miles per hour or less from 76X to 84X of
the time. A wind speed of ten miles per hour or less has a negligible masking
effect. In fact, when wind direction 1s from the proposed coal field to the
Park, a ten mile per hour wind would have the effect of Increasing coal mining
noise levels 1n the Park through the well known phenomenon of refraction.
11

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While there are a limited number of existing man-made noise sources 1n
the Park, the Impacts are also limited. Existing noise sources are generally
confined to small geographical areas such as roads and parking lots. The
Impact of these sources, however modest, are offset by compensating benefits
to Park visitors. Although noise pollution from aircraft Is a regrettable
Intrusion 1n the Park, at the present tine these noise events have a small
effect on ambient sound levels 1n the Park.
The best available data Indicates that surface coal mine noise, as
projected, Mould be audible during a major portion of the time within the
Park. The EPA and a growing proportion of the scientific community believe
that even the detectablHty of man-made noise In pristine envlroments (such as
Bryce Canyon National Park) can be of significant annoyance to people and
threaten the Intended use and future of significant public lands.
According to the Committee on Hearing, B1oacoust1cs, and Biomechanics
(CHABA) of the National Research Council, for "critical land uses requiring
special consideration, the hourly average sound level due to the Intruding
noise from the coal mine activities should be five dB below the existing
background level. The resu.ts 1n this technical report Indicate that the
CHABA guidelines are exceeded 1n Bryce Canyon National Park for both parting
and overburden blasts.
111

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I. INTRODUCTION
In early June, 1980, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Region VIII was requested by the National Park Service (NPS) to assist 1n
conducting sound level measurements 1n Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah. The
NPS request cane 1n response to the proposed development of the Alton Coal
Field directly south of Bryce Canyon National Park. The sound level
measurements were requested as part of the overall environmental assessment on
the effects of surface coal mining on unique and significant public lands:
Bryce Canyon National Park.
In response to the NPS request, EPA deployed the resources of the Noise
Technical Assistance Center (NTAC)* at the University of Colorado to measure
natural sound levels at several locations within the Park. The NTAC also
measured the sound levels produced by two unconflned blasts set off south of
the Park In the proposed mining area by an NPS contractor. After a careful
review of the sound level data, weather data and other pertinent and related
Information, the need for additional sound level measurements was recognized.
Analysis of weather data observed at Park Headquarters revealed that weather
conditions during the June monitoring period were atypical of norma!
conditions. Consequently, the EPA found 1t necessary to undertake additional
measurements of sound levels 1n the Park. Therefore, 1n August of 1980, a
second survey was conducted 1n an attempt to measure natural sound levels
during more typical weather conditions. Unexpectedly, the second survey also
Included measurements of sound levels produced by three unconflned blasts set
off north of the Park by a seismic exploration crew1.
•The NTAC at the University of Colorado Is funded by the Environmental
Protection Agency to provide technical assistance to the Region VIII Noise
Control Program 1n Implementing the Quiet Communities Act of 1978.
1

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Another problem Identified 1n the June survey centered on the air Blasts
detonated and measured under test conditions. Since the type of air blast
measured night not have been similar to the type of blasting which would occur
under normal mining operations, the need to measure additional surface coal
mine blasting was obvious. Therefore, with the cooperation and assistance
from staff of both the Office of Surface Mining (OSM) and the NPS, the EPA
Initiated an effort to monitor blast noise at operating surface coal mines
similar to that being proposed at the Alton Coal Field. Specifically, three
active surface mines were monitored In the northwestern Colorado area. These
mines were: The Energy Fuels Corporation Mine No. 3; the Pittsburgh and
Midway Mine; and the Utah international Inc. Trapper Mine.
The present report 1s an account of our measurements and analysis.
Further, the data obtained 1s used to estimate the probable Impact of surface
coal mining noise on Bryce Canyon National Park. Sections I through VII are
aimed at a wider audience than the appendices, which contain many details and
are Intended for persons with specialized Interests.
The present study was performed under several limiting conditions, one of
which was time. If time would have permitted, the sound level survey of the
Park would have been extended and more actual blasting measurements would have
been pursued. Furthermore, this report 1s limited only to the probable
effects of blasting and truck noise associated with surface coal mining.
There are several other sources of noise associated with surface coal mining
which were not assessed due to time constraints. The present report, however,
does attempt to Identify these other noise sources.
2

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II. INDIGENOUS SOUND LEVELS IN BRYCE CANYON NATIONAL PARK
Sound levels were "measured at three types of locations within the Pork:
Near high use areas* such as Bryce Point and Yov.lopa Point; along trails; and
near campsites* Most of the sites near nign use areas were chosen so as to be
shielded from sounds produced by human activity, yet located as close as
possible to the high use areas. The entrance to the Bryce Point parking lot
was an exception; 1t was not shielded from human activity. The general
measurement locations and specific measurement sites are Indicated In Figures
1-3, and Identified 1n Table I.
At each site sound levels were measured continuously, usually with a
microphone four to five feet above ground level (on a tripod), and always with
a wind screen, for periods that ranged front 15 minutes to nine hours.
A-we1ght1ng, fast response, and ANSI Type I Instrumentation were used
exclusively. The most frequently used measurement periods, 40 minutes and one
hour, were determined primarily by equipment considerations, such as magnetic
tape reel size and tape speed. As a.rule, each measurement gave the
equivalent level for the measurement period, the minimum level and the maximum
level during the measurement period, principal features of the cunulatlve
sound level distribution, and the standard deviation of sound levels sampled
(usually eight times per second) during the measurement period. The results
from over 63 hours of such measurements are contained 1n Appendix B.
Before proceeding to some general Inferences frcm the data, 1t seems
appropriate to offer a few comnents on Interpretation. The cumulative
distribution results (L^, Lj, Lj, Lg, etc.) can be very useful 1n
attempting to reconstruct some features of the acoustic environment during the
3

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i
FIGURE 1. Bryca Canyon National Park and anvirona, ahoving location A of air blast. 1 «•
Juna 6, 1980i and boundarlaa of datall araaa B and C (aaa Flguraa 2 and 3).
4

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4
M

±rnQ*
><
m


mm
.v—.—=)
r-
FIGURE 2. Detail ir«i B in Bryca Canyon National Park, ahovlng naa»ur«m«nt
sltaa 1 through 6 (aaa labia I for aora praelaa apaclflcatlona
of aaaauraoant location*)•

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1
. •. r- *rTgj Y -
»• * ^ v

SL
V y- / '. s^*-.;r>*v w^rr-^'j
f1/}
»
I
£
8
£
2
SP
ft
FICU1Z 3. Detail araa C in Bryca Canyon National Park, allowing aaaauraoant alttt 7
through 10 (aaa Tabla X for aora praciaa apaclficatlona of naaauraptne
locatlona).

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TABLE I.
SITE
1.	Sunset Campground.
2.	Bryce Point.
3.	Bryce Point.
4.	Bryce Point.
5.	Bryce Point.
6.	Bryce Point.
7.	Rainbow Point.
8.	Rainbow Point
9.	Yovlmpa Point.
10.	Yovlmpa Pass.
Location of Measurement Sites
LOCATION
This site was on top of the ridge behind the
amphitheater, about 200 feet from the back row
of seats.
This site was near the parking lot, next to the
small sign at the entrance to the lot. The same
site number 1s also used for the location of a
site that was aridway north-south 1n the bus
lane, about three feet from the low stone rail.
This site was about 320 yards down along the
trail that starts at Bryce Point (Bryce Point
Trail).
This site was 100 feet beyond the arch on Bryce
Point Trail, which makes it about twice as far
along the trail as site number 3.
This site was 100 yards west of the Bryce Point
parking lot and 100 yards north of the east-west
roadway to the parking lot.
This site was 150 yards south of the approach
road, shielded by a natural berm.
This site was 20 yards north of the comfort
station.
This site was 100 feet north of the water tower,
which was 50 feet southeast of the comfort
station.
This site was 30 yards north of the weather
station. The same site number 1s also used for
the location of the site that was 50 yards north
of the weather station.
This site was 200 feet north of the Information
box.
7

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measurement period. The Lx value specifies the level exceeded X percent of
the tine: an L^q of 21 dBA means the sound levels exceeded 21 dBA during 90
percent of the Interval; one o^y also say, equivalents, that sound levels
Mere less than or equal to 21 dBA during 10 percent of the Interval.
Similarly, sound levels exceed Lg for five percent of the time and are less
than or equal to ls for 95 percent of the time, etc.
Sometimes the acoustic envlroment 1s remarkably steady -- then the Lx
values differ little among themselves. Sometimes the acoustic environment 1s
remarkably steady, except for brief, relatively loud episodes — then Lgg to
L5, say, m«y differ little among themselves, but Lj, Lj and L qj will
be distinctly higher. Appendix B contains many real examples of such
emulative distributions for sites In Bryce Canyon National Park.
The equivalent level (L^) Is the constant level which would have given
the same A-weighted dose of acoustic energy during the measurement period as
the actual, time dependent levels did. The equivalent level gives more
significance to high levels than to low levels; as a result, 1t tends to
overestimate the role Indigenous levels play 1n masking man-made sounds, as
will be discussed further 1n Section VI.
Although measured sound levels 1n the Park were often notably low, the
actual levels were 1n fact lower st111. On more than one occasion, sound
levels were lower than could be measured due to Instrumental (noise floor)
limitations. That is, each sound level meter registers a background level
even when there 1s no Input (envlroimental sound) to the Instrument. This
background level which varies from instrunent to Instrument 1s called the
noise floor of the specific Instrument.
8

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At night* In the absence of strong winds, equivalent sound levels of 25
dBA are comnon throughout the Park. Instantaneous sound levels frequently
fall below 20 dBA.
During the day, 1n the absence of strong winds, equivalent sound levels of
20-35 dBA are comnon along trails 1n the Park. The wide range of variation 1s
due primarily to footfalls during the measuring periods, which cannot be
avoided because some trails are narrow. Instantaneous sound levels frequently
fall below 20 dBA. Figure 4, based on the data 1n Appendix B, provides an
example of sound levels along Bryce Point trail.
During the day, 1n the absence of strong winds, equivalent sound levels of
30-40 dBA are comnon near high use areas 1n the Park. Instantaneous sound
levels frequently fall below 30 dBA. Figures 5 and 6 provide examples of
sound levels near Yovlmpa point. Figure 5 Includes the time during which
seismic blasts were heard from 35 miles away.
A comparison of our June and August measurements Indicates that surface
winds of 20 miles per hour at Park headquarters are associated with equivalent
sound levels In the Park of 45-55 dBA, except 1n sheltered areas away from
trees (such as some trails). Such winds at Park headquarters are very
unusual. The results of measurements (at about 1400 hours) from May 1 to
October 31 for the last three years are depicted 1n Table II. The results of
2
continuous measurements from March 1, 1978, to February 28, 1979, on Bald
Knoll 1n the proposed mining area are also depicted 1n Table II, as are wind
speed statistics for the Bryce Canyon Airport from the years 1949-1954.
The similarity of these three sets of results supports the view that wind
speed statistics from Park headquarters provide an Indication of wind speed
9

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BRYCE POINT NO. 3 J/21/S0
Hn&x


AL



	&0
Sniln
—g^o
0725	0805	0125
HMEJnHRS
0905
FIGURE 4. Sound levels along Bryce Point trail.
10

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YOVBIPA POINT NO. 9 8/20/80
30 -
40
30 -
20 -
10
1100
1300
TIMBinHRS
1300
FIGURE S. Sound levels near Yovlmpa Point
during the time seismic blasting
Mao heard from 35 miles away.
11

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YOV1MPA POINT NO. 9 9/23/SO
1715
TMElnHRS
1753
FIGURE 6. Sound levels near Yovlmpa Point
during a tine which Included
five aircraft flyovers.
12

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TABLE II
CUMULATIVE
WIND SPEED STATISTICS
WIND SPEED	LOCATION
(MILES/HOUR)	(PERCENT OF TIME AT OR BELOW MIND SPEED)
PARK HEADQUARTERS BALD KNOLL	BYRCE AIRPORT
Measured at 1400	Continuous Measure-	Hind Rose
Hours - 5/1 to 10/31 roents - ERT, Inc.	1949-1954
1977, 1978, 1979	3/1/78 to 2/28/79
0



1
2.7*


2
5.8%

31.3%
3
12.2%
20.9%

4
23.5%


5
32.8%


6
42.3%
58.7%

7
51.5%

59.4%
8
62.4%


9
69.3%


10
75.9%
83.8%

11
80.1%


12
86.1%

83.3%
13
89.4%


14
93.4%


15
96.2%


16
96.7%
98.0%

17
97.6%


18
98.4%

97.2%
19
99.3%


20
99.6%


13

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statistics In the Park generally, and hence that strong winds occur
Infrequently 1n the Pirk.
The principal means by which wind affects Indigenous levels 1s
Interaction with trees. Since the wind conveys mechanical energy at a rate
proportional to wind speed cubed, one expects the acoustic energy generated by
wind-tree Interaction to vary as wind speed cubed also. In other words, the
effect of wind on Indigenous sound levels should be much less at low wind
speeds than at high wind speeds, as the data Indicate.
The genuine effect of wind on Indigenous sound levels due to wind-tree
Interaction must be distinguished from the spurious effect due to
w1nd-m1crophone Interaction. The latter was almost never a significant factor
1n the present stud|y, due to use of wind screens and judicious placement of
microphones.
One further aspect of the indigenous sound levels 1n the Park needs to be
mentioned: the distribution of A-we1ghted energy over frequency (spectra).
Sample spectra with and without strong wind are contained In Table III. These
results show that spectra are relatively flat below 1000 Hz, with or without
wind. This feature of Indigenous levels 1s significant for audibility of
manmade sounds from mining, and will be discussed further 1n Section VI.
14

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TABLE III: Octave band spectra of Indigenous sounds
Equivalent level, dBA
Location	Date Use	31.5 Hz 63 Hz 125 Hz 250 Hz 500 Hz 1000 Hz 2000 Hz
Brjce Point 6/6/80 0815-0630 18.7	27.8	30.2	31.9	33.1	34.7	33.1
parking lot
(site 2)
¦ear Yov1*m 8/20/80 1010-1025 -0.2	13.7	14.3	11.6	17.2	18.1	16.0
Point (site 9)
Hear Yovlapa 8/19/80 1030-1045 30.8	34.9	33.7	35.6	42.9	47.1	44.9
Point (Site 0)
15

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While the Indigenous levels, as discussed above, were obtained 1n an
effort to mlnmlze unnatural sounds, several man-made noise sources were
identified 1n the Park. Foremost among these unnatural sources are: Surface
vehicular traffic, Including opening and closing of vehicle doors; aircraft;
and human voices.
Despite the presence of these largely unwanted, yet unavoidable sounds,
there are a number of Important distinctions that must be made between
existing man-made noise sources and the Introduction of any new man-made noise
sources. These distinctions are: characteristics of the noises; area of land
affected by noise sources; the expectations of the receiver; and the degree to
which the existing sources serve the functions of the public and the National
Park Service.
The existing man-made noise sources (except for aircraft noise) can be
characterized as having low to moderate noise levels with relatively short
duration and range. Noise from surface vehicular traffic, for example, 1s
restrained 1n most areas by low speed limits which result In low noise levels
for automobiles, trucks and buses.
Even 1f one were Inclined to spend a large percentage of his or her time
1n the Park at or near a parking lot, sound level measurements obtained at the
entrance to the Bryce Point parking lot reveal a difference between Lav and
max
L50 during daytime of approximately 40 decibels. In other words, even at
the entrance to a parking lot, Indigenous levels of 20 to 30 dBA prevail
approximately 50 percent of the time (see Figure 7).
16

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60
30
40
30
20
10
FIGURE 7. Sound levels at the entrance
to the Bryce Point parking lot.
BRYCE POINT NO. 2 S/21/S0
I	I	I	~
0703	0803	0905	1005
TMEtaHRS
17

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Moreover, 1t Mas found that the existing man-made noise sources (with the
exception of aircraft) are confined to specific and relatively small
geographical areas. Again, In the case of surface vehicles* noise 1s
generally confined to areas 1n the vicinity of roads and parking lots. In
contrast to the projected Impacts of surface coal mining noise and existing
aircraft noise, large areas of the Park are not impacted by the existing
man-made noise sources. If and when visitors find existing man-made noise
sources annoying, they may easily find portions of the Park devoid of
unnatural sounds.
Another Important aspect of existing man-made noise sources relates to
the types of noises familiar to and reasonably expected by Park visitors.
Since most Park visitors travel to the Park by automobile or bus, both the
acceptability and familiarity of surface vehicular noises are generally
believed to be less objectionable than noises unfamiliar and unusual to the
Park and Its enjoyment. Sounds which are unfamiliar to the receiver are
generally believed to be more distracting.
Although noise pollution from aircraft 1s a regrettable Intrusion In the
Park, Its effect on Indigenous sound levels 1s not great. For example, during
a 40 minute period of measurement near Yovlmpa Point, five aircraft flyovers
occurred and were recorded (four commercial and one light general aviation
aircraft). Maximum sound levels from the aircraft were 1n the range of 35-45
dBA but Indigenous sound levels remained below 31 dBA for fifty percent of the
measurement period. The ambient sound level (L9q) for the period was 24
dBA. (See Figure 6 and data for September 28, 1980 In Appendix 8).
18

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Finally, 1t should be noted that access to the Park Is provided, to the
largest extent, by surface transportation. Particularly the private
automobile is Inpnrtant to the public for the enjoynent of Bryce Canyon
National Park. Therefore, the seemingly modest compromise of surface vehicle
noise Is offset 1n some neasure by the benefits of access to specific portions
of the Park. Any additional compromises (particular noise Impacts which would
affect large areas) do not appear to carry any benefit to the Park or its
Intended use.
19

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III. PRINCIPAL SOURCES OF SOUND FROM THE PROPOSED MINE
Sources of sound froa the proposed nine will Include blasting, 170 ton
trucks, electric power generators, crushers, end warning devices. Blasting
and 170 ton trucks are likely to be the principal sources and are used
exclusively 1n this report. Additional noise sources are Identified 1n
Table IV3 along with the respective estimated levels.
Near the ortne the maximum pressure Increase from the blasting 1s expected
to be of the form *	_ ^
- K (0/^)
with K a parameter that depends on the type of blasting, D the distance from
blast to observation point (In feet), W the maximum weight of explosive per
delay* (In pounds), and n another parameter that depends on the type of
blasting and meterologlcal conditions. For the overburden shots, data
obtained from the proposed mining area * yielded
K > 0.683 pounds per square inch,
n • 1.277.
For the parting shots, data obtained from other operating mines 6 yielded
K ¦ 194 pounds per square Inch,
n ¦ 1.666.
The values of W used In this report are 1740 pounds for overburden shots and
130 pounds for parting shots.5
20

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TABLE IV
NOISE LEVEL(dbA)AT 50 FT
60 TO 80 #0 100 1*0
| EQUIPMENT P0WERC3 BY INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
i
o
a
X
~-
ec
<
u
COMPACTCRS (ROLLERS)
FRONT LOADERS
BACKHOES
TRACTORS
SCRAPERS, 0RA0ER3
PAVERS
TRUCKS

H




1	
—1



1	

—1


1—

	1




—1



H




1	
—1

t
a
§
X
$
Is
5
a
CONCRETE MIXERS
CONCRETE PUMP8
CRANES(MOVABLE)
CRANES(OERRICKl

1	
	1




H



1—
	1




H


M
PUMPS
GENERATORS
COMPRESSORS
t
i




1	




1	
	1


IMPACT
EQUIPMENT
PNEUMATIC WRENCHES
JACK HAMMERS ANO ROCK ORILLS
PILE DRIVERS (PEAKS)


1	1




1	
	1




1	
—i
OTHER
VIBRATOR
SAWS
I

*



1	
H


Not*' Bawd an Limltid Available Data Samplti
21

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Coal shots are expected to produce maximum pressure Increases near the mine
Intermediate between those for overburden shots and parting shots.®
These estimates for propagation near the mine do not take Into account
atmospheric absorption or other atmospheric effects, which will be dealt with
in the next section. The parameters K and n were obtained from linear
regression analysis of seven overburden shot results and 16 parting shot
results. The standard errors of the estimates for the predicted maximum
pressure Increases are + 6 decibels 1n each case. 5,6
Beyond about 5000 feet (1n the present case), according to A1r Force
Weapons Laboratory studies^, the maximum pressure Increase from blasting Is
expected to be of the form	¦»!*!
4Kb) =	,
with Dq 5000 feet. This estimate for long range propagation must be
supplemented by consideration of atmospheric absorption and other atmospheric
effects (see next section).
The preceding estimates for short range and long range propagation
concern the overall maximum pressure Increase. However, maximum pressure
Increases 1n octave bands near the mine are also needed (to predict sound
levels rather than sound pressure levels). Octave band analyses of blasts
from surface coal mines 1n Colorado (Including Utah International's Trapper
Mine) reveal a pattern which makes It possible to resolve the maximum pressure
Increase near the mine Into Its octave band components. According to Appendix
E( which contains the analyses, estimates of the maximum sound pressure levels
22

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of the octave band components may be obtained from the maximum sound pressure
level of the overall pressure Increase by subtracting the amounts shown in
Table V. Knowledge of the octave bands Indicated 1n Table V 1s sufficient for
estimating maximum A-weighted blast sound levels in the Park* because
A-we1ght1ng makes lower octave bands relatively unimportant, and atmospheric
absorption makes higher octave bands relatively unimportant.
a
A previous study by Bolt, Beranek, and Newman, Inc., makes 1t possible
to estimate sound pressure levels for dlesel engine powered trucks. For well
maintained 170 ton trucks with typical mufflers, octave band A-we1ghted sound
levels at 50 feet are expected to have the values given 1n Table VI.
According to the study cited, these levels should be reliable to within + 4
decibels. The estimates 1n Table VI are 1n good agreement with actual
measurements for 170 ton trucks carried out as part of a study of proposed
g
surface mining near the Boundary Water Canoe Area.
23

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TABLE V. Blasting peak octave band sound pressure
levels from peak overall sound pressure
level
Octave band	Peak sound pressure
center frequency,	level difference (octave
hertz	band minus overall), dB
31.5
-€.3
63
-10.8
125
-16.1
250
-23.9
24

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TABLE VI. Octave band sound levels for naturally
aspirated, dlesel powered 170 ton trucks
Octave band	Sound level
center frequency,	at 50 feet,
hertz	dBA
63
60
125
75
250
84
500
85
all
92
25

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IV. ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS WHICH AFFECT LONG RANGE SOUND PROPAGATION
If the speed or propagation of an acoustic disturbance increases with
altitude, due to wind or a temperature Inversion or Both, sound levels are
enhanced by refraction. Measurements of wind effects on sound levels from
blasting have shown that the exponent n 1n the propagation law 1s diminished
1n absolute value by 0.0265 U, where U 1s the component of the wind velocity
(toward the observer) 1n miles per hour, measured eight meters above ground
level.Measurements of combined wind and temperature gradient effects on
sound levels from blasting have shown that the exponent n in the propagation
law 1s diminished 1n absolute value by 0.01 A a, where Is the total
Increase 1n speed of propagation of an acoustic disturbance (toward the
observer) in miles per hour, from ground level upward to the height where the
speed ceases to Increase.^ Combined wind and temperature gradient effects
1n the proposed mining area usually favor enhancement of mining sound levels
in the Park, as will be discussed further 1n Section V. Most of the
enhancement occurs within the first 5000 feet from the source.
Over long distances, such as those from the proposed mine to the Park,
atmospheric absorption due to humidity can diminish sound levels, particularly
those at relatively high frequencies. Atmospheric absorption coefficients In
the Park for May through October during the last three years are provided in
Appendix 0. Also provided are atmospheric absorption coefficients as
functions of temperature and relative humidity. ^
Little 1s known «np1r1ca1ly about the effect of sloping terrain on long
13
distance sound propagation. However, 1f an atmospheric 11d Is created for
acoustic disturbances by a tanperature Inversion (or pseudo Inversion due to
26

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wind}, It 1$ plausible that the upward sloping terrain toward the Park would
funnel acoustic energy, acting as a converging duct.
The relationship between maximum pressure Increase and explosive charge
per delay holds only for long enough delays (or effective delays based on
actual acoustic path differences).14 m an Inhomogeneous atmosphere, over
the long distance between proposed mine and Park, pressure pulses from
separate delays may superpose, making the effective explosive charge per delay
Intermediate between the nominal charge per delay and the total charge. The
5
17 millisecond delays envisioned for the blasting may be short enough to
facilitate such superposition, particularly for the overburden blasts (which
would be expected to have a rise time approximately twice as long as the
parting blasts).
27

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V. PREDICTED MINING SOUND LEVELS IN THE PARK
Ourlng the summer, strong nocturnal temperature Inversions are the rule;
they are surface based, and occur approximately nine nights out of ten.1^
Approximately five nights out of ten the top of the inversion exceeds 250
meters; approximately one night out of ten the top exceeds 500 meters J®
Temperature measurements from Bald Knoll (at 10 and 50 meters) Indicate mean
temperature gradients of five centigrade degrees per 100 meters at 2130 hours,
and 8.75 centigrade degrees per 100 meters at 0530 hours.^ Nocturnal
drainage winds from the Park toward the proposed mine average about five miles
23
per hour.
The trucks will be closest to the Park when they are operating In the
eastern portion of the proposed mining area. In that case, using the truck
octave band sound levels, taking Into account atmospheric absorption (which 1s
different for each octave band) for 50 degrees Fahrenheit and 50 percent
relative humidity, taking Into account also refraction due to the temperature
gradients (which Is the sane for each octave band), Including an additional
6.6 dBA decrease per doubling of distance^, and allowing for the presence of
20 170 ton trucks^, one finds the estimates given 1n Table VII. Table VIII
contains estimates found 1n the same way for truck operation 1n the extreme
western portion of the proposed mining area. The reader should bear In
mind that nocturnal, Indigenous sound levels 1n the Park frequently fall below
20 dBA, and that there are camp sites relatively near both Yovlmpa Point and
Bryce Point. Figures 3 and 9 depict with contours some of the predictions for
nocturnal sound levels due to trucks.
28

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TABLE VII. Nocturnal sound levels 1n the Park during the
sunnier due to 20 trucks 1n East Alton
Sound levels, dBA
10* of nights	50* of nights
Time
Yovlmpa Point Bryce Point Yovlmpa Point Bryce Point
2130	37-45	18-26	28-36	7-15
0530	51-59	34-42	35-43	15-23
TABLE VIII. Nocturnal sound levels 1n the Park during the
sunnier due to 20 trucks 1n West Alton
Sound levels. dBA
10* of nights	50* of nights
Time
Yovlmpa Point Bryce Point Yovlmpa Point Bryce Point
2130	15-23	3-11	4-12	-8 to 0
0530	31-39	20-28	13-21	0-8
29

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u
o


f
I
I
&

f4
$
J
FIGURE 8. Nocturnal sound level contours for trucks
(0530 hours on 10* of nights).

-------
FIGURE 9. Nocturnal sound level contours for trucks
(2130 hours on 50* of nights).

-------
Ourlng sumer days 1n the Park, mean values for atmospheric absorption in
the 31.5, 63, 125 and 250 Hertz octave bands are 0.03, 0.07, 0.19 and 0.44 dB
per 1000 feet, respectively (see Appendix 0). Using these values and the
blasting octave band sound levels at 5000 feet, and again allowing an
additional 6.6 dBA decrease per doubling of distance, 1t 1s possible to
calculate maximum sound levels due to blasting when there 1s no refraction
(other than that Included In the empirical propagation equations for
blasting). Table IX contains predicted maximum sound levels due to blasting
In East Alton (no wind, no Inversion); Table X pertains to blasting 1n West
Alton. The reader m«y wish to bear In mind that Indigenous sound levels in
the Park under these conditions frequently fall below 30 dBA.
Ourlng suamer days, the average wind speed (10 meters above ground level)
at Bald Knoll 1s approximately eight miles per hour at m1d-morn1ng, increasing
to approximately 12 milts per hour at old-afternoon; at this time of year, the
wind usually blows from the south or southwest, toward the Park.19 With a
wind of 10 miles per hour toward the Park, maximum sound levels from blasting
are altered to the results Shown In Tables X! and XII. Figure 10 shows sound
level contours for parting shots with a 10 mile per hour wind toward the
Park. The reader should note the fact that a wind of 10 miles per hour
blowing toward the Park has a greater effect on the maximum sound levels due
to blasting than It does on the Indigenous levels In the Park. Analytically,
this 1s due to the fact that the effect of the wind on blasting sound levels
1s a linear function of wind speed, while the effect of the wind on Indigenous
levels 1s a logarithmic function of wind speed.
Other major atmospheric effects may manifest themselves, particularly in
the fall and winter, when subsidence Inversions occur. Such Inversions are
32

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TABLE IX. Max1mua sound levels 1n the Park during the sumner
due to blasting In East Alton (no
wind, no Inversion).
Type of	Sound levels, dBA
Blast	Yovlnpa Point	Bryce Point
Overburden	SO	%
Parting	66	51
TABLE X. Maximum sound levels 1n the Park during the sunnier
due to blasting 1n West Alton (no wind, no Inversion),
Type of	Sound levels, dBA
Blast	Yovlmpa Point	Bryce Point
Overburden	33	24
Parting	49	40
33

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TABLE XI. Maximum sound levels 1n the Park during the sunnier
due to blasting In East Alton with 10 mile per hour
irlnd toward the Park (no Inversion).
Type of	Sound levels. dBA
Blast	Yovlmpa Point	Bryce Point
Overburden	67	54
Parting	86	73
TABLE XII. Maximum sound levels 1n the Park during the summer
due to blasting 1n West Alton with 10 mile per hour
wind toward the Park (no Inversion).
Type of
Blast
Sound levels, dBA
Yovlmpa Point
Bryce Point
Overburden
Parting
53
72
45
64
34

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S



m
11
if
'i
1
I
FIGURE 10. Blasting sound level contours for parting shots
with a 10 mile per hour wind toward Park.

-------
associated with strong surface winds, and their tops are not as affected by
the	as ordinary Inversions are. Accordingly, a subsidence
Inversion, 1f Its base reaches the ground, could enhance sound levels greatly
as a result of three cooperating mechanisms: refraction by the wind;
refraction by the temperature Inversion; and concentration of acoustic energy
by a converging duct, consisting of the upward sloping terrain, together with
the top of the temperature inversion as a 11d.
Finally, we remark that a surface wind of 10 miles per hour toward the
Park on summer days will enhance sound levels from trucks too. Table XIII
shows the expected levels, and Figure 11 provides sound level contours. It 1s
clear that trucks operating 1n East Alton are likely to be audible on sunnier
days from Yovlmpa Point.
36

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TABLE XIII. Sound levels from 20 trucks on simmer days with wind
of TO miles per hour toward Park.
Sound levels. dBA
Truck location Yovlmpa Point	Bryce Point
East Alton 38-46	18-26
West Alton 16-24	4-12
37

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CO
CO
%\fC
FIGURE 11. Daytime sound level contours during summer
due to trucks

-------
VI. AUDIBILITY OF SOUNDS FROM THE PROPOSED MINING
The acoustic Impact of a sound 1s a function of more than the measured or
predicted "loudness". This phenomenon 1s particularly true 1n assessing the
magnitude and Importance of surface coal mine noise 1n the unique setting of a
nearby national park. The acoustic Impact depends on the characteristics of
the sound (amplitude, frequency and duration), the background or Indigenous
sound levels 1n which the sound 1s heard, and the Individual attributes or
20
expectation of the listener. The work of Harrison, Clark and Starkey
Indicates that the Importance of the Impacts will be heavily Influenced by
expectations of Park visitors. Further, the acoustic Impact must be assessed
knowing that "Even the detectabiHty of man-made noise 1n pristine areas can
be of significant annoyance to people."*
Masking 1s an Important consideration 1n any assessment of audibility.
Sounds from the proposed mining will be audible 1n the Park provided they are
not masked by Indigenous sounds. The octave band spectra of Indigenous sounds
contained 1n Table III have approximately equal equivalent levels for the six
octave bands with center frequencies extending from 31.5 Hertz to 1000 Hertz.
This means the sounds from the proposed mining will be audible whenever any of
their octave band levels reach a level eight decibels less than the overall
equivalent level of the Indigenous sounds. Of course, as the level of the
sounds from the proposed mining Increases above this audibility limit, the
mining sounds will be perceived as Increasingly loud. The data 1n Appendix B
and In Table III and the estimates In Section V Indicate that masking of
mining noises will occur Infrequently.
~From "Towards a National Strategy for Noise Control" USEPA 1977
39

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Actually, the preceding discussion underestimates the limit of audibility
for two reasons. First, masking by low level sounds 1s less effective than
21
masking by high level sounds', and as a result low level sounds from mining
will be correspondingly more audible. Second, the equivalent levels used
above for the octave bands of Indigenous sounds do not do Justice to the
instantaneous levels 1n the octave bands. These Instantaneous levels 1n the
octave bands are several decibels lower than the equivalent levels much of the
time. Hence, sounds from mining will be audible more often than Is Implied by
use of the equivalent levels for the octave bands of indigenous sounds.
40

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VII. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION
iurrace coai mining noise would be distinctly audible 1n Bryce Canyon
National Park If the Alton Coal Field 1s developed. The most serious noise
Impacts would occur at Yovlmpa Point from operations 1n the proposed East
Alton area. Noise from West Alton activities would also be audible,
particularly blasting. Bryce Canyon National Park 1s generally an extremely
quiet area with meteorological conditions often favorable for long range sound
propagation from the proposed coal field toward the Park. Under these
conditions, the noise .from surface coa! mining operation can be heard at
relatively great distances from the sources. This report shows that blasting
and truck noise will be audible 1n varying degrees from within the Park during
a major proportion of the time. Weather data from three different sources 1n
or near the Park Indicate that wind speeds are less than 10 miles per hour
during 75% of the time (see Table II). A 10 mile per hour wind would have
virtually no masking effect on the surface coal mining noise. Yet, wind
speeds 1n this range have the effect of enhancing long range sound propagation
through refraction as discussed 1n Section V. This will occur when the wind
direction 1s from the coal field towards the Park which happens to be the
prevailing condition during sunnier days. Therefore, surface coal mine noise
will Impact portions of the Park during much of the time, because the winds
toward the Park occur at the "wrong" time of the day. Truck noise will be h
continuous source of noise while blasting will occur perhaps two to six times
per day®. The truck noise w11l be perceived as a droning of varying levels
1n the otherwise quiet background of the Park.
41

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Indigenous sound levels 1n Bryce Canyon National Park are so low that
conventional sound descriptors must be used with care 1n assessing the Impact
of the proposed surface mining.
However, conventional noise descriptors do reveal a severe Impact at
Yovlmpa Point 1f the proposed surface mining were concentrated In East Alton.
Indigenous sound levels In the Park frequently fall below 20 decibels on the
A-we1ghted scale; this low level 1s comparable to the quiet found 1n a high
quality sound studio. The projected noise impacts from coal mining activities
would come predominantly from two major sources: 170 ton coal trucks and
blasting. The coal trucks at East Alton would produce maximum noise levels of
28 to 67 dBA at Yovlmpa Point. When compared to the extremely low indigenous
levels, truck noise alone would cause a two to 16 fold increase 1n the
perceived loudness of sound levels 1n the Park. Blasting noise from East
Alton 1s predicted to be as high as 86 dBA at Yovlmpa Point. Once again
comparing these noise levels to the low Indigenous sound levels known to exist
1n the Park, blasting could be perceived as being as much as 64 times louder
than the natural background sound levels.
According to the Committee on Hearing, Bloacoustlcs, and Biomechanics
(CHABA) of the National Research Council , for "critical land uses
requiring special consideration, the hourly average sound level due to the
intruding noise should not be allowed to be higher than 5 dB Delow the
existing hourly average sound level" (emphasis added), and "the noise measure
recomnended 1n these guidelines for assessing the envlromental impact of high
energy impulse noise Is the C-we1ghted sound exposure level." Using the
42

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results of Appendix E» one finds the C-we1ghted sound exposure levels and
C-we1ghted hourly equivalent levels for blasting contained 1n Table XIV. The
Integer N (number of delays) 1s expected to be about 33 for overburden shots
c
and 50 for parting shots .
According to Table XIV. whenever a 10 mile per hour wind 1s blowing
toward the Park, CHABA guidelines would be greatly exceeded by overburden or
parting shots everywhere 1n the Park.
43

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table XIV. C-we1ghted sound exposure levels and C-weighted
hourly equivalent levels for blasting
C°SEL minus 10 10a N, C=lQa(l hr) minus 10 1oa N,
Location Type of	dBC	8	q ' dBC	3
of blast- blast-					
1ng	1ng	Yovlmpa pt. Bryce pt. Yovlmpa pt. Bryce pt.
East Alton Parting
Overburden
West Alton Parting
Overburden
108
99
73
63
89
80
54
44
97
91
62
56
78
72
43
37
44

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are deeply grateful to the following persons for help and
encouragement: Maureen Anderson, Rich Fisher, Randy Reeder, Larry Svoboda,
and Lorne York of the Environmental Protection Agency; Keith Kirk of the
Office of Surface Mining; Oon Henderson and Olck Kelgley of the National Park
Service; Greta Raymond of Utah International, Inc.; Dan Krlngle of
Environmental Research & Technology, Inc.; Jack Reed of Sandla Laboratories;
Betty Ahlstrom, Jeff Beal, Prudence Benway, and Steve Cornell of the Noise
Technical Assistance Center; Bob Benton and Tom Henry of Bryce Canyon National
Park; Frank Kendorskl of Engineers International, Inc., and Roger Slpson of
Morehead State University (Minnesota).
45

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REFERENCES
k This project has been financed 1n part with Federal funds from the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. The contents do not necessarily
reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products
constitute endorsement or recommendation for use.
1.	Information about the blasts was obtained through Superintendent
Robert Benton, Bryce Canyon National Park.
2.	Dan Krlngel and Robeta Lewis, Meteorological and A1r Quality Annual
Report for the Proposed Alton Mine near Kanab, Utah. March 1978 -
February 1979 (Environmental Research & Technology, Inc. Document No.
P-5525-001, prepared fOr Utah International, Inc.), page C-5.
3.	"Noise frcm Construction Equipment and Operations, 8u1ldlng Equipment,
and Home Appliances,* USEPA (December 31, 1971).
4.	W1ss, J.F., and P.W. Linehan, Control of Vibration and 81ast Noise from
Surface Coal Mining, three volumes (available from National Technical
Information Service, Springfield, Virginia). Volume II, page 32.
5.	Keith Kirk (Office of Surface Mining), personal communication.
6.	David E. Slskind, V1rg1l J, Stachura, Mark S. Stagg, and John W. Kopp,
structure Response and Damage produced by Alrblast from Surface Mining
(Bureau of Mines Report, 1n press), Appendix B.
7.	C.E. Needham, M.L. Havens, and C.S. Knauth, "Nuclear Blast Standard {1
kt}," Report AFWL-TR-73-55 (Rev.), A1r Force Weapons Laboratory,
Klrtland A1r Force Base, New Mexico (April 1975)—cited In proposed
•ANSI Standard for Estimating Alrblast Characteristics for Single Point
Explosions In Air, With a Guide to Evaluation of Atmospheric
Propagation and Effects," (6th revised draft, July 10, 1979).
8.	J.O. Barnes, L.N. Miller, and E.W. Wood, BBN Report Number 3321
prepared for Empire State Electric Energy Research Corporation (May
1977), Appendix F.
9.	Roger Slpton, Morehead State University, (Minnesota), personal
communication.
10.	Reference 3, Volume II, page 252.
11.	Jack W.'Reed, Intermediate Range Explosion Alrblast Propagation
Measurements (Sandla Laboratories Report SAND 79-1653C), and Attachment.
12.	Handbook of No1>e Control, edited by C.M. Harris (McGraw-Hill, New
York, 1979), second edition, page 3-10.
13.	Reference 3, Volume II, page 256.
46

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14.	Reference 3, Volume II, page 189.
15.	George C. Holzwrth And Richard W. Fisher. CUmatologlcal Summaries of
the Lower Few Kilometers of Rawlnsonde Observations (EPA Report
EPA-600/4-79-026, available from the National Technical Information
Service* Springfield, Virginia), page 48.
16.	Reference 15, page 64.
17.	Reference 2, pages A-17 and 8-17.
18.	Here and 1n the sequel we have used the following distances: East
Alton to Yovlmpa Point—27,000 feet; East Alton to Bryce Po1nt--74,000
feet; West Alton to Yovlmpa Point—82,900 feet; West Alton to Bryce
Point—141,500 feet.
19.	See Reference 2, p. C-5.
20.	Robin T. Harrison, Roger N. Clark, and George H. Stankey, "Predicting
Impact of Noise on Recreat1on1sts," Forest Service, U.S. Department of
Agr1cultue/EPA Project Record (April 1980).
21.	Reference 8, page 8-15.
22.	"Guidelines for Preparing Environmental Impact Statements on Noise,"
report of Working Group 69 on Evaluation of Environmental Impact of
Noise, Committee on Hearing, B1oacoust1cs, and Biomechanics (National
Academy of Sciences, Washington, O.C., 1977), pages V-l through v-3,
VI-4, and A-7.
23.	Reference 2, pages A-16, A-17, A-18, B-16, B-17, and B-18.
47

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APPENDIX A: EQUIPMENT LIST
48

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EQUIPMENT LIST
System	Componenta
A	Digital Acoustics Community Noise Analyzer Model 607-?
General Radio 1962-9610 % Inch Microphone
General Radio 1972-9600 Preamplifier
General Radio 1567 Sound Level Calibrator
B	General Radio 1981-B Precision Sound Level Meter
General Radio 1962-9610 h inch Microphone
General Radio 1981-4000 Preamplifier
Ragra XV-SJ Scientific Tape Recorder
Taylor Sling Psychrometer
General Radio 1567 Sound Level Calibrator
Digital Acoustics Community noise Analyzer Model 607-P
General Radio 1521-B Graphic Level Recorder
Scotch 212 Low Noise Magnetic Tape
C	General Radio 1933 Precision Sound Level Meter and
Analyzer
General Radio 1961-9601 1 inch Microphone
Kagra IV-SJ Scientific Tape Recorder
Taylor Sling Psychrometer
General Radio 1562 Multi-Frequency Calibrator
Digital Acoustics Conaunity Noise Analyzer Model 607-?
General Radio 1521-B Graphic Level Recorder
Scotch 212 Low Noise Magnetic Tape
D	Central Radio 1981-B Precision Sound Level Mater
General Radio 1962-9610 h inch Microphone
General Radio 1981-4000 Preamplifier
49

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Components
i»»ra IV-D Scientific Tape Recorder
Pocket Wind Gouge
Thermometer
General Radio 1567 Sound Level Calibrator
Digital Acoustics Community Noise Analyzer Model 607-P
General Radio 1521-B Graphic Level Recorder
Scotch 212 Lov Noise Magnetic Tape
E	General Radio 1981-B Precision Sound Level Meter
General Radio 1962-9610 h inch Microphone
General Radio 1981-4000 Preamplifier
General Radio 1985 Graphic Level Recorder
General Radio 1567 Sound Level Calibrator
Pocket Wind Gauge
Thermometer
7	General Radio 1933 Precision Sound Level Meter and
Analyzer
General Radio 1961-9601 1 Inch Microphone
General Radio 1521-B Graphic Level Recorder
Nagra IV-SJ Scientific Tape Recorder
General Radio 1562 Multi-Frequency Calibrator
Ampex 641 Lov Noise Magnetic Tape
Digital Acoustics Community Noise Analyzer Model 607-P
G	General Radio 1933 Precision Sound Lavel Moter and
Analyser
General Radio 1961-9601 1 inch Microphone
General Radio 1562 Multi-Frequency Calibrator
Nagra IV-SJ Scientific Tape Recorder
50
System

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System	Component5
G (Continued) General Radio 1521-B Graphic Level Recorder
Thermometer
Pocket Kind Gauge
Scotch 177 Low Noise Magnetic Tape
Digital Acoustics Community Noise Analyzer Model 607-P
K	General Radio 1933 Precision Sound Level Meter and
Analyzer
General Radio 1562 Multi-Frequency Calibrator
General Radio 1961-9601 1 inch Microphone
Negra IV-D Scientific Tape Recorder
Scotch 177 Lov; Noise Magnetic Tape
Taylor Sling Psychrometer
Pocket Wind Gauge
General Radio 1521-B Graphic Level Recorder
Digital Acoustics Community Noise Analyzer Model 607-P
I	General Radio 1933 Precision Sound Level Meter and
Analyzer
General Radio 1961-9601 1 inch Microphone
General Radio 1963 Graphic Level Recorder
General Radio 1562 Multi-Frequency Calibrator
Nagra IV-D Scientific Tape Recorder
Scotch 177 Lov Noise Magnetic Tape
Pocket Hind Gauge
Digital Acoustics Community Noise Analyzer Model 607-P
Taylor Sling Psychronometer
J	General Radio 1981-B Precision Sound Level Meter
Ceneral Radio 1962-9610 4 inch Microphone
51

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System	Componenta
J (Continued) General Radio 1981-4000 Preamplifier
General Radio 1S67 Sound Level Calibrator
General Radio 1521-2 Graphic Level Recorder
Thermometer
52

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System	Component3
K	Metrosonics dB-602 Sound Level Analyzer
Genrad 1962-9610 4 inch Microphone
Genrad 1560 P42 Preamplifier
Genrad 1562 Multi-Frequency Calibrator
Pocket Wind Gauge
Taylor Sling Psychrometer
L	Genrad 1945 Community Noise Analyser
Genrad 1962-9610 \ Inch Microphone
Genrad 1972-9600 Preamplifier
Genrad 1562 Multi-Frequency Calibrator
Pocket Wind Gauge
Taylor Sling Psychrometer
M	Genrad 1981B Precision Sound Level Meter
Genrad 1962-9610 4 inch Microphone
Genrad 1981-4000 Preamplifier
Genrad 1567 Sound Level Calibrator
Uagra 1V-SJ Scientific Tape Recorder
Ampex Low Noise #642 Magnetic Tape
Digital Accoustics 607P Community Noise Analyzer
Pocket Wind Gauge
Taylor Sling Psychrometer
IT	Genrad 1933 Precision Sound Level Meter and Analyzer
Genrad 1961-9601 1 inch Microphone
Genrad 1562 Multi-Frequency Calibrator
Nagra IV-SJ Scientific Tape Recorder
Ampex Low Noise #642 Magnetic Tape
Digital Acoustics 607P Community Noise Analyzer
Pocket '.find Gauge
Taylor Sling Psychrometer
53

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APPENDIX B: INDIGENOUS SOUND
LEVELS IN BRYCE CANYON
NATIONAL PARK.
54

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Date: 5 June 1980
Site: Near Bryce Polnc (100 yards west of Bryce Point parking lot
and 100 yards north of east-west roadway to the parking lot).
Temperature: 58°?
Relative Humidity: 30« (inferred)
Wind: 0-5 miles per hour with gusts to 10 miles per hour.
Equipment: System B
Comments: The principal sources of sound were winds aloft and birds,
despite the proximity of the parking lot.
Time Interval:	1020-1040	1040-1100
L«q »
dBA:
43,4
43.3
L.oi ,
dSA:
63
61
L.i ,
dBA:
57
55
Li ,
dBA:
53
51
L5 ,
dBA:
49
48
L10 ,
dBA:
46
47
L50 ,
dBA:
39
40
L90 ,
dBA:
34
35
l99 ,
dBA;
32
33
^max. ,
dBA:
62.1
59.7
^min. ,
dBA:
31.5
32.4
Std. Dev.,
dBA:
4.7
4.4
55

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Date: 5 June 1980
Site: Near Bryce Point (130 yards south of approach road, shielded
by natural benn.
Temperature: 66°F
Relative Humidity: 233 (Inferred)
Wind: 0-5 alias par hour with gusts to 10 alias per hour.
Equipment: System B
Comments: Principal sources of sound were winds aloft and birds.
Time
Interval:
1325-1345
1345-1405
1418-1438
1438-1458
L«q
,dBA:
45.4
46.2
50.1
49.4
L.01
,dBA:
57
58
66
61
L.l
, dBA:
56
56
62
59
1-1
tdBA:
53
54
59
58
M
,dBA:
50
51
55
54
l10
.dBA:
48
49
53
52
l50
,dBA:
43
44
46
47
l90
• dBA.:
36
38
41
42
l99
,dBA:
33
36
38
38
^nax,
»dBA:
56.7
57.5
65.3
60.3
^-min
,dBA:
32.0
35.4
37.3
37.4
Std.
D«v.,dBA:
4.5
4.0
4.5
4.1
56

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Dace: 3 June 1980
Site: Near Bryce Point (about 320 yards down along the trail
which begins at Bryce Point).
Tcnperature: Estimated 60°F-65°F
Relative Humidity: 28-23: (Inferred)
Wind: No wind on trail, but high winds aloft.
Equipaent: System B
Comments: Five minute intervals used. Principal sources of sound
were voices and footsteps of hikers. A 20 minute sample
the next day from 5:41 p.m. to 6i01 p.m. yielded a
smaller Le(j which was however lost due to technical error.
Time
Interval:
1607-1612
1612-1617
1617-1622
L«q
,dBA:
43.2
33.5
33.6
L.01
idBA:
38
45
46
l.l
,dBA:
37
43
45
Ll
fdBA:
33
40
41
l5
tdBAj
47
38
38
L10
(dBA:
43
36
36
L30
tdBA:
40
31
31
L90
adBA:
36
30
30
l99
,dBA:
34
30
30
^nax.
idBA:
37.6
44.1
45.4
^min.
,dBA:
33.0
29.3
29.5
Std.
Dev.,dBA<
4,0
2.3
2.5
57

-------
Data) 3 June 1980
Sitftt Kear Rainbov taint (en the roof of the comfort station near
Rainbow Point).
Temperatures Estimated 30°? to 60°7.
Relative Humidity: 41-285 (Inferred)
Wind: Estimated 10 to 20 knots.
Shipment i System A
Comments* The microphone end preamplifier were mounted on * tripod,
vhich was than lashed to tha eoof of the comfort station.
The seat of the equipment vas locked inside the comfort
station. Ambient levels at 11:00 A.M. were SO to 60 dBA.
Ha* Interval:
1100-1120
1120-1140
1620-1640
1700-1720
1720-1740
•q
»dBA?
57.3
56.1
56.3
36.1
56.0
K<
tdBAj
69
70
-
67
78
L,1
»dBAj
68
67
-
65
71
H
»dBAj
64
64

62
64
L3
idBAj
61
60
-
60
60
L10
,d8A:
60
39
-
59
58
l50
idSA:
33
34
-
34
53
l90
»dBA;
30
49
m
49
38
l99
,dfiA:
4 7
47
-
46
34
,dBA)
68.7
69.6
67.0
66.8
77.5
SfiC «






Loin.
,dBAi
46.2
43,1
43.2
45.2
33.2
Std.
Dev.dBA:
3.7
3.7
4.0
3.7
7.1
bb

-------
Datai 5 June 1990
Sites Near Yovinpa Point (30 yards north of tha weather station).
Temperature: Estimated 40°F
Relative Huaidity: 39% (Inferred)
Wind: Estimated 10-20 knots la tree cops, occasional gusts to 30
knots.
Equipment: Systeo A
Comments: Tha equipment was set up in an area sheltered from the
wind. The principal source of sound was wind in the tree
tops, which resulted in levels of 40-45 dBA during calm
periods; 30-35 dBA usually, and 60-65 dBA during
occasional gusty periods.
Time Interval:
0853-0913
0913-0933
0933-0953
0953-1013

, dBA:
48.1
30.4
51.9
52.7
•"1
L.01
,dBA:
58
61
64
62
L.i
,dBA:
57
58
62
60
h
,dBAS
35
56
60
38
*-5
,dBA:
52
54
37
37
ho
,dBA".
30
33
55
36
LjO
,dBA:
46
49
49
51
LjO
,dBA:
43
43
40
47
I99
,dBA:
40
40
36
45
Wax.
• dBA:
37.4
60.0
63.2
61.4
Win.
,dBA'
39.2
35.2
34.2
43.2
Std. Dev.
tdBAi
2.9
3.7
5.4
3.3
59

-------
Data: 6 June 1980
Sit*: Bryce Point (Midway north-«outh in bus lane, about 3 feet
fro# low atona rail).
Temperature: 43°F
Relative Humidityt S3Z (Inferred)
Windj Light surface wind.
Equipment! System C
Comments: Twenty minuta intervals used. The principal sources
of sound were birda and a snorting mule deer.
Tine Interval:	0543-0603	0603-0623
Leq ,dBA:	33,7	32.4
L<01 |d3A:	51	46
,dSA>	47	43
Lx ,dBA:	43	40
Ls ,dBA:	38	37
L10 fdBA:	36	35
tJ0 ,dBAi	30	3Q
L90 ,dBA!	24	25
Lag ,dBAJ	20	22
,dBAt	30.3	45.3
,dBA>	19.4	21.0
Std. Dav.dBAi	4.8	4.0
60

-------
Date: 6 June 1980
Site* Sui Bryce Point (fifth avitchback deocandlng along trail
fraa Bryce Point, about 320 yards down the trail)«
Temperature: 43°T
Relative Humidity: 461
Wind: Little or so wind.
Equipment: System C
Comments: Shifting feet, insect buss, lantern switch, car doors,
and shuffling paper were all audible. Twenty minute
intervals used.
Tina Interval]	2241-2301
,dBA«	H
L.01 »dBAt	2
Ltl ,dBAi	2
tx	idBAj	1
Lj	,dBAt	18
L10	,dBA:	1
L50	,d£A:	1
L90 fdBA:	1
Ljj	, dBAi	1
Imax. »dBAl	2
^min. •dBAl	1
Std. Sev.,dBAt
2301-2221
17.1
29
23
20
18
17
ie
16
IS
2B.0
14.6
0.8
61

-------
Sate: 6 June 1980
Site: Bur Rainbow Foist (20 yards north of comfort • cation).
Tcaperscure: 58°?
Relative Humidity: 302 (Inferred)
Wisdt 5-10 miles per hour on the surface.
Equipment: System 0
Comments: A fifteen minute sampling period vas used. The
principal sources of sound vere winds aloft and
birds.
Time Interval:
0600-0615
Leq
,dBA:
37.1
1.01
,dBA;
65
Kl
,dBA:
64
*•1
tdBA:
62
l5
,d£A:
60
L10
,dBA:
59
l50
tdSA:
56
l90
,dBA:
54
l99
,dBA:
52
**ma*.
,dBA:
64.6
I
44.5
Std. Dev.
tdBA)
2.1
62

-------
Data: 6 June 1980
Site: Near Yovimpe Point (SO yards north of weather station)
Tamperaturt: Estimated 40°7
Relative Humidity: 59% (inferred)
Vlad: Steady 10 knots early morning, increasing to 20 knots about 10:00
Equipment: System A
Comments: The equipment vas set up In an area sheltered from the wind.
Twenty minute sampling periods were used.
The principal source of sound vas winds aloft.
Time
Interval:
0535-0555
0555-0615
0635-0655
0655-0715

,dBA:
58.2
57.3
58.1
58.8
L.01
«dJA!
66
68
67
67
L.l
,dBA:
65
66
66
66
*¦1
, d£A:
63
64
63
64
L5
,d£A:
61
61
61
62
L10
,dBA:
61
59
60
61
L50
,dBA:
57
56
57
57
L90
,d2A:
53
53
54
54
L99
,dBA:
51
50
51
52
^Bax.
,d£A:
65.8
67.2
66.4
66.9
Lain.
,d£Ai
48.3
47.3
49.3
49.3
Std.
Dev,dBA:
2.7
2.8
2.6
2.7
63

-------
D«C«: 6 June 1980 (Continued)
S1C«: Nwr Yovlap* Point (50 yards north of
wuehcr station).
T«p«raturt:
ft*l«tlv« Humidity:
Wind;
Equipment:
Cements:
Tloe Interval:
0715-0735
Q735-0755
0755-Q815
0835-0855
L«<
fdSA:
57.7
58.0
58.0
57,1
r*
© i
H
,dBA:
65
65
68
65
i.i
,dBAi
64
63
65
64
*¦1
,dBA:
63
62
63
63
>•5
,dBAi
61
61
61
61
o
«-«
•J
,dBAj
60
60
60
60
ho
,dBA:
56
57
57
55
l90
,dBA:
52
53
53
51
l99
,&U>
50
51
51
49
I«M0C.
,dBAi
66.6
64.9
67.8
64.S
^sia.
,dSA:
47.3
48.3
49.3
47.3
Std. D«v.
,dM:
2.8
2.6
2.6
3.2
«

-------
Dace: 6 June 1980 (Continued)
Site: Nur Yoviopa Point (50 yards north of weather
•tation),
Temperature:
Relative Humidity;
Wind:
Equipment:
Commentsl
Tlae Interval;
1055-1115
1115-1135
L
•q
L,01
,dBA:
6Qt5
59.3
,dBA:
72
71
L.i
id2Ai
71
69
Li
,dBAi
68
66
L5
,dBA;
64
63
L10
,dBAi
63
62
l50
tdBA:
59
58
L9Q
,dBA:
54
54
l99
,dBA:
50
51
^maz,
^Bin,
Std, Dev.
,dBAi
,dBA:
,dBAi
71.7
46,2
3.3
70.0
50.Q
2.9
65

-------
DATE: 18 August 1980
SITS: Near Bryce Point
TEMPERATURE: 58°F
RELATIVE HUMIDITY:18J
0-6 mph In the parking lot, estimated 20 oph up along trail
at Bryce Point lookout.
EQUIPMENT:
COMMENTS:
The equipment was set up beside the small sign at the
entrance to the parking lot. The principal sound
sources were footsteps, wind, and an occasional car,
and aircraft.
Also this equipment has a noise floor of 30 dBA
which was reached during the sampling interval.
TIME INTERVAL:
2345-0045
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA j
dBA l
dBA:
dBA :
dBA:
Measured
43
Calculated
42.4
L.01
-.1
Ll
L10
L50
l90
lS9
52
48
46
31
30
30
L 'In, ,
L Kin. ,
Sea. Dev.,
GC

-------
uaic: 19 August 1980
SITE: Near Bryce Point (ISO yards south of approach road, shielded
by natural bera).
TEMPERATURE: 71°F
RELATIVE HUMIDITY! 27%
WIND: 0-5 mph
EQUIPMENT: Sy8ten L
COMMENTS: The principal sound sources were cars, birds, an occasional
wind and insects. Also, two one-hour intervals were used.
TIME INTERVAL: 1545-1645	1645-1745
L°q
L.01
9
dBA:
46
48
9
dBA:


L.l
9
dBA:
57
65
Ll
1
dBA:
54
57
l3
9
dBA:
51
52
L10
9
dBA:
49
50
l50
•
dBA:
43
44
l90
9
dlA:
37
39
l99
9
dBA:
31
34
L Men,
»
dBA:
60
70
L Hin.
P
dBA:
29
32
Std. Oov.
' 9
dBA:

-------
DATE: 19 August 1980
fiTTC *
Near Bryce Point (150 yards south of approach road, shielded
by natural berm).
TEMPERATURE:
RELATIVE HUMIDITY:
WIND: Calm
EQUIPMENT: System L minus the Taylor Sling Psychrometer
COMMENTS: jhe principal sources of sound were birds, insects, aircraft,
and cars. Three one-hour intervals were used.
TIME INTERVAL:
1900-2000
2000-2100
2100-2200
**eq

dBA:
41
38
33
L.01

dBA:



L.l

dBA:
53
52
46
Ll

dBA:
50
49
43
L5

dBA:
46
45
39
L10

dBA:
45
42
37
l50

dBA:
38
34
27
l90

dBA:
32
27
23
l99

dBA:
26
24
23
L Max.
9
dBA:
55
59
50
L Min.
f
dBA:
25
23
22
Scd. Dev.
•
dBA:



63

-------
DATE: 19 August" 1980
SITE: Near Bryce Point (100 feet beyond the arch on Bryce Point
Trail).
TEMPERATURE: 65°F
RELATIVE HUMIDITY I 353
WIND: 5 mph from the south.
EQUIPMENT: System K'
COMMENTS: The principal sources of sound were crows, other birds
in the brush, wind in the tree tops and bushes, and
footsteps. Here, three one-hour sampling periods were
used.
The measured for the last two hours doesn't seem
consistent with the cumulative distribution and hence,
the L„ calculated using the cumulative distribution Is
eq
more reliable.
Also the equipment used here has a noise floor of 30 dBA
which was reached during the sampling periods.
TIME INTERVAL:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
0945-1045
1045-1145
Measured
35
48
41
38
30
30
30
Calculated
36.6
Measured
39
41
35
32
31
30
30
Calculated
32.3
1145-1245
Measured ICalcul
55
46
40
38
30
30
30
69

-------
DAIEs I9 August 1960
SITEi Yovimpa Pass (about 200 feet north of the information box)
TEMPERATURE: 62°F
RELATIVE HUMIDITY;31%__23%
WTND: Calm on Che surface, high winds In tree tops.
EQUIPMENT: System M
COMMENTS: The principal sources of sound here were insects, birds,
wind in the tree tops and aircraft. Three forty minute
tapes were run.
TIME INTERVAL: 1030-1110	1135-1215	1240-1320
L^
L.01
L.1
L1
L5
L10
l50
l90
L99
L Max.
L Min.
9
dBA:
48.3
49.0
53.3
»
dBA:
64
62
73
•
dBA:
64
62
68
1
dBA:
59
59
63
t
dBA:
54
55
59
t
dBA:
51
52
56
»
dBA:
42
44
49
9
dBA:
37
37
44
*
dBA:
36
33
43
1
dBA:
64.7
62.6
73.0
1
dBA:
35.1
32.6
28.1

dBA:
5.4
6.1
5.2
70

-------
DATE: 19 August 1980
SITE: Yoviapa Pass (abouc 200 feet north of the information box).
TEMPERATURE: Estimated 50°F
RELATIVE HUMIDITY:
WIND: Calm
EQUIPMENT: System M minus the Taylor Sling Psychrometer and Pocket
Wind Gauge.
COMMENTS:
The principal sources of sound were high-flying aircraft
and footsteps on the underbrush.
TIME INTERVAL:
0032-0112
L^
L.01
l.l
*¦1
*¦5
L10
LS0
l90
l99
L Max.
L Mln.
Std. Dev.
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
25.5
28
27
27
26
26
25
Ik
23
28,9
23.6
0.7
71

-------
SITE: Near Bryce Point
TEMPERATURE: 56 F
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
36%
VTINDi Calm
EQUIPMENT:
COMMENTS:
System L
The equipment was set up be3ide the small sign at the
entrance to the parking lot again and a one one-hour
interval was run. The principal sources of sound were
people talking, cars, footsteps, a helicopter, a car-
door buzzer, a bus, and aircraft.
TIME INTERVAL:
eq
.01
.1
1
5
10
50
90
99
Max.
Min.
,	dBA:
,	dBA:
,	dBA:
,	dBA:
,	dBA:
,	dBA:
,	dBA:
t	dBA:
,	dBA:
•	dBA:
,	dBA:
0845-0945
52
69
62
59
54
32
26
24
62
23
Std. Dev., dBA:
72

-------
DATE: 20 August 1980
SITE: Near Bryce Point (100 yards west of Bryce Point parking
lot and 100 yards north of east-vest roadway to the parking
lot. Behind the hill that borders the automobile parking
spaces).
TEMPERATURE: 0
61 F
RELATIVE HUMIDITY: 317>
WIND: calm
EQUIPMENT: Sy8teia L
COMMENTS: The principal sources of sound were footsteps, insects,
birds, aircraft, a helicopter, wind rustling the trees
and bushes, and cars driving by. Two one-hour intervals
vera run.
TIME INTERVAL:	1005-1105	1105-1205
Leq	,	dBA:	33	38
L.oi	•	dBA:
L.i	,	dBA:	48	59
ll	.	dBA:	45	5Q
L5	,	dBA:	40	43
L10	,	dBA:	35	38
L50	,	dBA:	25	28
L90	t	dBA:	23	25
L99	.	dBA:	23	24
L Max.	,	dBA:	51	64
L Min. ,	dBA:	22	23
Std. Dev.,	dBA:
73

-------
TMTFr ">n *u£tnf 1980
SITS! Sqqs Rainbow Point (100 foot north oost ot tho water tower).
TEMPERATURE:
RELATIVE HUMIDITY:
HIND:
EQUIPMENT: Syatam M minus the Taylor Sling Psychrometer
COMMENTS: The principal sources of sound were car doors shutting,
Jet airplanes flying overhead, a broken branch, people
yelling, an airplane flying out near the park boundry,
and some suspected seiamographic blasting.
TIME INTERVAL:	0940-1020	1043-1123
Laq
L.01
>
dBAl
27.0
30.4
9
dBA:
44
41
1.1
9
dBA:
41
40
h
1
dBA:
37
39
l3
1
dBA:
30
37
He
0
<9QA$
2&
34
l50
f
dBA:
24
26
l90
9
dBA:
24
23
l99
9
dBA:
23
23
I Hon.
9
dSAi
44.2
41.9
1 Mln.
0
dBA:
22.6
22.4
3ed<. Dov.
9
dSAi
2.4
4.1
74

-------
DATE: 20 August 1980
SITE: Sear Yovinpft Point (30 yards north of the weather station).
TEMPERATURE: Estinated 40-45°F.
RELATIVE HUMIDITY:
WIND: calm with an occasional distant breeze in the trees.
EQUIPMENT: System N minus the Taylor Sling Psychrometer
COMMENTS: The principal sound sources were footsteps and distant
breezes in the trees.
TIME INTERVAL:	0500-0540
La(}	, dBA:	25.0
L>01	, dBA:	32
L#1	, dBA:	32
Lj	, dBA:	30
L5	, dBA:	28
L^q	1 dBA:	27
Ljq	1 dBA:	2^
L90	• dBA:	21
L99	f dBA:	20
L Max.	1 dBA:	32.9
L Mln.	, dBA:	16.4
Std. Dav.i dBA:	2.5
75

-------
DATE: 20 August' 1980
SITE: Near Yovimpa Point (30 yards north of the weather station).
TEMPERATURE:
RELATIVE HUMIDITY:
WIND: 0-5 nph
EQUIPMENT: System H minus the Taylor Sling Psychrometer and GenRad 1521-3
COS&KXTSi Tho principal sound ooutcoo vara cat dooro in tho parking
lot, tape rocorder noioo, cars driving up and leaving area,
grasshoppers, and some aircraft.
TIME INTERVAL:
1100-1140
1200-1240
*"eq
•
dBA:
29.3
29.3
L.01
t
dBA:
47
55
kl
$
dBA:
44
44
Ll
9
dBA:
38
37
l5
1
dBA:
34
33
L10
9
dBA:
32
31
L50
t
dBA:
25
26
l90
9
dBA:
21
23
L99
9
dBA:
19
22
L Max.
t
dBA:
47.0
55.0
L Min.
9
dBA:
19.0
21.4
Sed. Dqv.
~
dBA:
4.4
3.4
76

-------
»« •
UAllt* +J- AU^Udk
SITE: Near Bryce Point
TEMPERATURE:
RELATIVE HUMIDITY:
WIND: Calm
EQUIPMENT: System L minus the Taylor Sling Psychrometer
COMMENTS:
The equipment was again set up beside the small sign
at the entrance to the parking lot. It was programed
to run for three one-hour intervals. The principal
sources of sound were birds, Insects, cars, busses,
and people getting in and out of their cars.
TIME INTERVAL:
0705-0805
0805-0905
0905-1005
*"eq
9
dBA:
38
41
48
L.01
»
dBA:



L.l
9
dBA:
60
62
68
L1
i
dBA:
52
59
61
l5
•
dBA:
37
44
54
L10
•
dBA:
32
37
50
L30
9
dBA:
23
25
33
L90
0
dBA:
23
23
24
L99
9
dBA:
22 .
22
23
L Max.
•
dBA:
62
65
73
L Min.
9
dBA:
22
22
23
Std. Dev.
•
dBA:



77

-------
SATE: 21 August 1980
SITE: Sear Bryce Point
TEMPERATURE: 65 F
RELATIVE HUMIDITY: 82
WIND: 0-2 mph
EQUIPMENT: System Y,
COMMENTS: The equipment was again set up beside the small sign at the
entrance to the parking lot. The principal sound sources
were footsteps, an occasional breeze, turning pages, and
high-flying aircraft.
TIME INTERVAL:	2340-0020	0040-0120
L#q
L.01

dBA:
26.3
26.0

dBA:
40
46
L.l
~
dBA:
38
42
W
i
dBA:
35
35
l3
t
dBA:
31
29
L10
»
dBA:
28
28
l50
9
dBA:
25
23
*•»0
t
dBA:
23
20
l99
•
dBA:
21
20
L Max.
•
dBA:
40.1
46.7
1 Min.
•
dBA:
19.4
19.4
Std. D«v
• 1
dBA:
2.5
3.2
78

-------
I/At*** ±i Augu&i 1930
SITE: Near Bryce Point(about 320 yards down along the trail which
begins at Bryce Point)
TEMPERATURE: 66°?
RELATIVE HUMIDITY: 6%
WIND: calm
EQUIPMENT: System N
COMMENTS: Two forty minute tapes were run. The principal sources of
sound were birds, chipmunks knocking rocks down the
trail, people walking by, aircraft, a helicopter,and
one bird with just pure aerodynamic sound.
TIME INTERVAL:
0725-0805
0825-0905
L*q
L.01
f
dBA:
21.1
34.9
9
dBA:
4 2
58
L.l
»
dBA:
37
56
L1
1
dBA:
30
46
l5
f
dBA:
23
39
L10
•
dBA:
21
34
l50
»
dBA:
19
18
Lo(j
•
dBA:
18
16
l99
»
dBA:
17
16
L Max.
L Min.
Std. Dev.
•
i
»
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
*2.7
15.1
2.2
58.4
15.4
7.7
79

-------
DATE: 21 August 1980
SITE: Near Rainbow Point (Just east of the parking lot, 20 yards
north of comfort station).
TEMPERATURE: 57°f
RELATIVE HUMIDITY: 22%
WIND: Estimated 0-5 mph in the tree tops, very slight breeze on
the ground.
EQUIPMEOT;
Systen A, except that the one inch microphone was used.
COMMENTS:
The equipment was set to run at one-hour Intervals. The
principal sources of sound were footsteps, wind in the
tree tops, high-flying aircraft, and perhaps the techni-
cian's car.
TIME INTERVAL: 2245-2345	2345-0045	0045-0145
L#q	, dBA:	28.3	29.0	28.1
L#01	, dBA:	48	40	42
L.l	, dBA:	45	39	41
Lj	, dBA:	37	37	36
l5	. dBA:	32	34	33
L10	, dBA:	30	32	31
Lso	, dBA:	24	26	24
L90	, dBA:	20	21	20
L99	• dBA:	18	19	18
L Max.	, dBA:	48.7	40.2	42.7
L Min.	, dBA:	17.1	18.1	18.1
Std. Dev., dBA: 4.3	4.1	4.2
80

-------
DATE: 21 August, 1980 (continued)
SITE: Near Rainbow Point
TEMPERATURE:
RELATIVE HUMIDITY:
WIND:
EQUIPMENT:
COMMENTS:
TIME INTERVAL; 0145-0245	0245-0345	0345-0445
Leq
t
dBA:
28.1
31.0
34.7
L.01
•
dBA:
50
43
45
L.l

dBA:
48
41
44
L1

dBA:
40
38
40
l5
9
dBA:
31
35
38
L10
•
dBA:
28
34
36
l30
t
dBA:
21
28
33
l90

dBA:
18
21
31
l99

dBA:
17
18
30
L Mix.
•
dBA:
50.9
43.8
45.3
L Mln.

dBA:
16.1
17.1
27.1
Std. Dev.
t
dBA:
4.6
5.1
2.3
01

-------
DATE: 21 August 1980 (continued)
SITE: n«gr Rainbow Poinc
TEMPERATURE:
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
WIND:
EQUIPMENT:
COMMENTS:
TIME INTERVAL: 0445-0545 0545-0645 0645-0745
Art

dBA:
28.9
22.6
36.4
L.01

dBA:
46
35
61
L.i
t
dBA:
44
35
59
Li

dBA:
37
31
47
l5

dBA:
34
27
33
L10

dBA:
32
25
26
L50

dBA:
25
20
19
l90

dBA:
18
17
17
l99

dBA:
17
16
17
L Max.

dBA:
46.4
35.9
62.0
L Mln. .

dBA:
16.1
16.1
16.1
Std. D«v.

dBA:
4.9
3.3
5.8
82

-------
DATE: 21 August 1980
SITE: >i«ar Yovimpa Point (30 yards north of the weather station)
TDIPERATURE: 77°F
RELATIVE HUMIDITY:
Wi:n): Calm on the ground but high winds aloft.
EQUIPMENT: System H ainus the Genrad 1521-B.
COJMEXTS: One forty-minute tape was used here. The principal sound
sources were jets overhead and wind in the trees.
TIME INTERVAL:
^eq '
dBAi
L.01
dBA:
L.l
dBA:
L1
dBA:
l5
dBA:
L10
dBA:
l50
dBA:
l90 •
dBA:
l99 ,
dBA:
L Max. i
dBA:
L Min. ,
dBA:
Std. Dev.,
dBA:
1500-1540
34.6
54
49
42
39
3B
31
24
21
54.7
19.4
5.1
e3

-------
i DQfX
^ >. Au^uaw *JwU
SITE: Near Yovtmpa Point (30 yards north of weather station).
TEMPERATURE: 57°p
RELATIVE HUMIDITY: 222
WIND: Estimated 0-5 mph in the tree tops.
EQUIPMENT: System L
COhMENTS: 
-------
DATE: 22 August 1980
SITE: \jear Bryce Point
TEMPERATURE:
RELATIVE HUMIDITY:
WIND:
EQUIPMENT: System L minus the Taylor Sling Psychrometer and Pocket
Wind Gauge.
COMMENTS:
Again, the equipment was set up beside the small sign at
the entrance to the parking lot. Three one-hour
intervals were run and the principal sources of sound
were birds, insects, cars, and busses.
TIME INTERVAL:
•q
.01
.1
l
s
10
so
90
99
M»x.
Mln.
Std. Dev.
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
07 34—083A
47
68
57
44
33
23
24
23
79
23
0834-0934
47
67
60
52
46
32
26
24
72
24
0934-1034
48
67
61
53
49
39
32
29
72
28
85
-------
DATE: 22 Auguse 1980
SITE: jjear Bryce Point (100 feet west of parking lot and 100 feet
north of east/west approach road to parking lot; on the other
side of the hill that borders the car parking spaces).
TEMPERATURE:
RELATIVE HUMIDITY:
WIND: Estimated 0-5 mph in the tree tops.
System L minus the Taylor Sling Psychrometer
The equipment was set to run for three one-hour intervals.
The principal sources of sound were wind in the trees, and
an occasional animal, bird, or insect later in the sampling
period. High-flying aircraft were an additional sound
source.
EQUIPMENT:
COMMENTS:
TIME INTERVAL:	0400-0500	0500-0600	0600-0700
L«<1
, dBA:
25
23
33
L.01
, dBA:



L.l
, dBA:
35
27
54
L1
• dBA:
32
25
46
l5
, dBA:
28
24
32
L10
, dBA:
27
24
25
l50
, dBA:
26
24
22
l90
, dBA:
23
22
22
l99
, dBA:
23
22
22
L Max.
, dBA:
37
31
57
L Mln.
, dBAl
22
22
22
Std. Dev.
, dBA:
1


86
-------
DATE: 22 August 1960
SITE: Near Bryce Point (about 320 yards down the trail from Bryce
Point, half way down the fifth switchback).
TEMPERATURE: 64°p
RELATIVE HUMIDITY: 43%
WIND: Calm on the trail, 10 mph gusting to 20 mph in tree tops in
parking lot.
EQUIPMENT:
System A plus the Taylor Sling Psychrometer and Pocket
COMMENTS:	Mind Gauge, except that the one Inch microphone was used.
Three forty-minute Intervals were used here. The only
principal sound source was a car that entered the parking
lot and idled there a minute or two.
TIME INTERVAL:	2230-2310	2310-2350	2350-0030
L*q
L.01
•
dBA:
21.8
23.0
23.0
•
dBA:
38
37
49
L.l
1
dBA:
36
34
34
*•1*
1
dBA:
29
30
30
*¦3
1
dBA:
24
27
26
L10
1
dBA:
23
25
25
l30
1
dBA:
20
20
20
l90
1
dBAi
18
19
18
L99
1
dBA I
18
18
17
L Mix.
»
dBA:
38.7
37.1
49.1
L Min.
•
dBAi
17.1
17.1
17.1
Bed. Dev.
•
dBA:
2.2
2.8
2.9
37
-------
DATE: 22 August 1980
SITE: Near Rainbow Point (about 100 feet north of the water tower).
TEMPERATURE:
RELATIVE HUMIDITY:
WIND:
EQUIPMENT: System L minus the Taylor Sling Psychrometer and Pocket
Wind Gauge.
COMMENTS:
No comments noted.
TIME IirTERVAL:	1900-2000
L.01
*
dBA:
40
»
dBA:

*-.1
•
dBA:
50
*•1
•
dBA:
48
L5
f
dBA:
45
L10
•
dBA:
43
l50
t
dBA:
38
l90
9
dBAi
33
l99
9
dBA:
29
L Max.
t
dBA:
54
L Min.
•
dBA:
27
Std. Dev.
1 1
dBA:

38
-------
T)A1T: 17	long
SITE: Sunset campground (on top of the ridge behind the amphitheater,
200 feet from the back row of seats).
TEMPERATURE:
RELATIVE HUMIDITY:
WIND:
EQUIPMENT: System L minus the Taylor Sling Psychrometer and Pocket
COMMENTS:
Wind Gauge
The equipment was set to run for a one-hour interval.
The principal sound sources were birds, insects, and
some human activity.
TIME INTERVAL:
1400-1500
L Max.
L Hin.
Std. Dev.
eq
.01
.1
1
5
10
50
90
99
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
dBA:
64
59
55
53
48
43
40
71
38
50
89
-------
DATE: 23 August. 1980
SITE: Near Rainbow Point (100 faat northeast of the water tower)
TEMPERATURE: 55°F
RELATIVE HUMIDITY: gl%
WIND: Cain
EQUIPMENT: System L
COMMENTS: Two one-hour Intervals wars run. The principal sources
of sound were rain, thunder, and hall.
TIME INTERVAL:
1510-1610
1610-1710
Loq
»
dBA:
61
49
L.01
t
dBA:


L.l
«
dBA:
85
70
L1
•
dBA:
71
59
S
t
dBA:
34
34
ho
•
dBA:
48
31
Lso
•
dBA:
33
33
L90
»
dBA:
26
27
L99
•
dBAt
23
24
L Max.
»
dBA:
90
77
1 Mln.
•
dBA:
23
23
SCd. Dov.
•
dBA:


90
-------
DATE: 23 August 1980
SITE: Sear Yovlmpa Point (30 yards north of weather station)
TEMPERATURE: 58°F
RELATIVE HUMIDITY! 60%
WIND: 0-5 mph
EQUIPMENT: System L
COMMENTS: The principal sources of sound were wind In the tree tops,
people walking and talking, and the rain storm Itself.
This set up ran for two one-hour Intervals.
TIME INTERVAL:
1830-1930
1930-2030
Leq
dBA:
40
29
L.01
dBA:


L.l
dBA:
63
48
1-1
dBA:
49
38
l5
dBA:
35
33
L10
dBA:
32
30
l50
dBA:
25
24
L90
dBA:
23
23
l99
dBA:
22
22
L Max.
dBA:
70
58
L Mln.
dBA:
22
22
Std. Dev.
dBA:


91
-------
DATE: 23 August 1980
SITE: Sunset campground (on top of Che ridge behind Che amphi-
theater, 200 feet from the back row of seats).
TEMPERATURE:
RELATIVE HUMIDITY:
VIND: Calm
EQUIPMENT: System L minus the Taylor Sling Psychrometer
COMMECTS: The principal sound sources were light rain and an occasional
breesa. The equipment was set to run for three one-hour
intervals.
TIME irTEFVAL:
-eq
L.01
L.l
Ll
LS
L10
l50
l90
l99
L Max.
I Min.
, rffcA:
, dBA;
, dBA:
, dBA:
, dBA:
, dBA:
, dBA:
, d£A:
, dBA:
, dBA:
, dBA:
2230-2330
26
39
35
31
29
25
22
22
41
22
2330-0030
25
39
34
29
27
22
22
22
42
22
0030-0130
21
34
32
27
25
22
22
22
35
'5
Scd. Dev., dBA:
92
-------
SATEs 28 September 1980
SITE: Near Yovimpa Point (about 30 yards north of weather station)
TEMPERATURE: 66°F
RELATIVE HUMIDITY:
WIND: 0-5 mph on the ground with occasional winds aloft.
EQUIPMENT: System N
COMMENTS: The equipment was set to run for one forty-minute interval.
The principal sound sources were winds aloft, occasional
cars, voices, and high flying jets.
TIME INTERVAL: 1715-1755
^eq
L.01
9
dBA:
35.2
P
dBA:
48
Kl
9
dBA:
47
H
9
dBA:
45
ts
9
dBA:
41
L10
9
dBA:
38
l50
9
dBA:
31
l90
9
dB\:
24
l99
P
dBA:
18
L Has.
P
dBA:
48.5
L Mln.
0
dBA:
17.1
Std. Dav.
' 1
dBA:
5.7
93
-------
Date & Tine
SITE
6/5
6/6
8/1R
8/19
8/20
8/21









2

0543-0603: 33.7
0603-0623: 32.4
2345-0045: 43

0845-0945: 52
0705-0805: 38
0805-0905: 41
0905-1005: 48
2340-0020: 26.8
0040-0120: 26.0
0734-0834: 47
0834-0934: 47
0934-1034: 48

5
1020-1040: 43.4
1040-1100: 43.3



1005-1105: 33
1105-1205: 38

0400-0500: 25
0500-0600: 23
0600-0700: 33

&
1325-1345: 45.4
1345-1405: 46.2
1418-1438: 50.1
1438-1458: 49.4


1545-1645: 46
1645-1745: 48
1900-2000: 41
2000-2100: 38
2100-2200: 33




J
1607-1612: 43.2
1612-1617: 33.5
1617-1622: 33.6
2241-2301: 16.9
2301-2321: 17.1



0725-0805i 21,1
0825*0905: 34.9
2230-2310: 21.8
2310-2350: 23.0
2350-0030: 23,0

I



0945-1045: 37
1045- 1145; 32
1145-1245: 36




7
1100-1120: 57.3
1120-1140: 56.1
1620-1640: 56.3
1700-1720: 56.1
1720-1740: 56.0
0600-0615: 57.1
1
1
J
t
1
I
i
i
1


2245-2345; 28.3
2345-0045: 29.0
0045-0145: 28.1
0145-0245: 28.1
0245-4)345: 31.0
0345-0445; 34.7
0445-0545; 28.9
0545-0645: 22.f,
0645-0745: 36,4


8/22
8/23
-------
I. ,dBA
fr\
Date Time
(ContI tuied)
SITE 6/S	6/6	8/18	8/19	8/20	8/21	8/22	8/23









8




0940-1020: 27.0
1043-1123: 30.4

1900-2000: 40
1510-1610: 61
1610-1710: 49
9
0853-0913: 48.1
0913-0933: 50.4
0933-0953: 51.9
0953-1013: 52.7
0535-0555: 58.2
0555-0615: 57.3
0635-0655: 58.1
0655-0715: 58.8
0715-0735: 57.7
0735-0755: 58.0
0755-0815: 58.0
0835-0855: 57.1
1055-1115: 60.5
1115-1135: 59.3


0500-0540: 25.0
1100-1140: 29.3
1200-1240: 29.3
1500-1540: 34. <
2230-2330: 32
2330-0030: 36
0030-0130: 35

1830-1930: 40
1930-2030: 29
10



1030-1110: 48.3
1135-1215: 49,0
1240-1320: 53.3
0032-0112: 25.5




1






1400-1500: 50
2230-2330: 26
2330-0030: 25
0030-0130: 24




-------
SITE 6/5
6/6
So
Date
8/18 8/19
,dBA
& Time
8/20
8/21
8/22
8/23
2
0543-0603: 36
0603-0623: 35
2345-0045: 46

0845-0945: 54
0705-0805: 32
0805-0905: 37
0905-1005: 50
2340-0020: 28
0040-0120: 28
0734-0834: 35
0834-0934: 46
0934-1034: 49

5 1020-1040: 46
1040-1100: 48



1005-1105: 35
L105-1205: 38

0400-0500: 27
0500-0600: 24
0600-0700: 25

6 1325-1345i 48
1T45-1405: 49
1418-1438: 53
1438-1458: 52


1545-1645: 49
1645-1745: 50
1900-20C0: 45
2000 2100: 42
2100-2200: 37




3 1607-1612: 45
1612-1617: 36
1617-1622: 36
2241-2301: 17
2301-2321: 17



0725-0805: 21
0825-0905: 34
2230-2310: 23
2310-2350: 25
2350-0030: 25

4


0945-1045: 38
1045-1145: 32
1145-1245: 18




7 1100-1120: 60
1120-1140: 59
1700-1720: 59
1720-1740: 58
0600-0615: 59
1
1

2245-2345: 30
2345-0045: 32
0045-0145: 31
0145-0245: 28
0245-0345: 34
0345-0445: 36
0445-0545: 32
0545-0645: 25
0645-074 5: 26
1
1

1510-1610: 48
1610-1710: 51
-------
Ljo ,«1BA
SITE
6/5
6/6
8/18
Dute ft Tine (Continued)
	071?	 	B72TT	8/21
8/22
8/23
0940-1020: 28
1OA3-1123: 34
1900-2000: 43
0853-0913:
50
0535-0855:
61
0913-0933:
53
0555-0615:
59
0933-0953:
55
0635-0655:
60
0953-1013:
56
0655-0715:
61


0715-0735:
60


0735-0755:
60


0755-0815:
60


0835-0855:
60


1055-1115:
63


1115-1135:
62
0500-0540:
1100-1140:
1200-1240: 31
27
32
1500-1540:
2230-2330:
2330-0030:
0030-0130:
38
35
\U0
37
1830-1930:
1930-2030:
32
30
10
I 1030-11101	51
1 1135-1215:	5?
1240-1320:	56
0032-0112:	26
1400-1500: 53
2230-2330: 29
2330-0030: 27
0030-0130: 25
i
I
I
-------
I.50.dRA
Date & Time
SITE
6/5
6/6
0543-0603: 30
0603-0623: 30
8/18
2345-0045: 31
8/19
8/20
0845-0945: 32
8/21
0705-0805: 23
0805-0905:	25
0905-1005:	33
2340-0020:	25
0040-0120:	23
8/22
0734-0834: 25
0834-0934: 32
0934-1034: 39
8/23
1020-1040: 39
1040-1100] 40
1005-1105: 25
1105-1205: 28
0400-0500: 24
0500-0600: 24
0600-0700: 22
1325-1345:	43
1345-1405:	44
1418-1438:	46
1438-1458:	47
1545-1645:	43
1645-1745:	44
1900-2000:	38
2000-2100:	34
2100-2200:	27
1607-1612: 40
1612-1617: 31
1617-1622: 3
2241-2301: 16
2301-2321: 16
094 5-1045: 30
1045-1145: 31
1145-1245: 30
1100-1120:	55
1120-1140:	54
1700-1720:	54
1720-1740:	53
0600-0615: 56
0725-0805: 19
0825-0905: 18
2230-2310: 20
2310-2350: 20
2350-0030: 20
2245-2345:	24
2345-0045:	26
0045-0145:	24
0145-0245:	21
0245-0345:	28
0345-0/;A5:	33
044 5-03'; 5:	2 j j
(Jv'i S-Or.'iS:	">0
-------
6/5
8/18
0853-0913: 46
0913-0933: 49
0933-0953: 49
0953-1013: 51
to
«o
<0535-0555: 57
0555-0615: 56
0635-0655: 57
0655-0715: 57
0715-0735: 56
0735-0755: 57
0755-0815: 57
0815-0855: 55
1055-1115: 59
1115-1135: 58
10
(Continued)
8/19	8/20	8/21	8/22	8/23
1030-1110: 42
1135-1215: 44
<1240-1320: 48
{0032-0112: 25
1
0940-1020: 24
1043-1123: 26
0645-0745: 19


1500-1540: 31
2230-2330: 29
2330-0030: 32
0030-0130: 33
1900-2000: 38
1510-1610: 35
1610-1710: 35
0500-0540: 24
1100-1140: 25
1200-1240: 26
		
1830-1930:. 25
1930-2030: 24



1400-1500: 48
2230-2330: 25
2330-0030: 22
0030-0130: 22
-------
Date antl Tine
SITE	6/5	6/6	8/18	8/19	8/20	8/21	8/22	8/23









2

0543-0603: 24
0603-0623: 25
2345-0045: 30

0845-0945: 26
0705-0805: 23
0805-0905: 23
0905-1005: 24
2340-0020: 23
0040-0120: 20
0734-0834: 24
0834-0934: 26
0934-1034: 32

5
1020-1040: 34
1040-llOOt 35



1005-1105: 23
1105-1205: 25

0400-0500: 23
0500-0600: 22
0600-0700: 22

6
1325-1345: 36
1345-1405: 38
1418-1438: 41
1438-1458: 42
2241-2301: 16
2301-2321: 16
	
1545-1645: 37
1645-1745: 39
I900-2000: 32
2000-2100: 27
2100-2200: 23




3
1607-1612: 36
1612-1617: 30
1617-1622: 30


0725-0805: 18
0825-0905: 16
2230-2310: 18
2310-2350: 19
2350-0030: 18

4
7
1
1100-1120: 50 1
1120-1140: 49 1
1700-1720: 49 !
1720-1740: 38 ;

	 	
0945-1045: 30
1045-1145: 30
1145-1245: 30




0600-0615: 54
2245-2345: 20
2345-0045: 21
0045-0145: 20
0145-0245: 18
0245-0345: 21
0345-0445: 31
0445-0545: 18


-------
L^q ,dRA
(Continued)

6/5
6/6
8/18
8/19
8/20
8/21
8/22
8/23
7





0545-0645: 17
0645-0745: 17


8




0940-1020: 24
1043-1123: 23

1900-2000: 33
1! 10-1610: 26
1M0-1710: 27
9
10
0853-0913: 43
0913-0933: 43
0933-0953j 40
0953-1013: 47
0535-0555: 53
0555-0615: 53
0635-0655: 54
0655-0715: 54
0715-0735: 52
0735-0755: 53
0755-0815: 53
0835-O855: 51
1055-1115: 54
U15.-1135: 54


0500-0540: 21
1100-1140: 21
1200-1240: 23
1500-1540: 24
2230-2330: 25
2330-0030: 28
0030-0130: 30

1130-1930: 23
lf'30-2030: 23



1030-1110: 37
1135-1215: 37
1240-1320: 44
•1032-0112: 24




1






1400-1500: 43
2230-2330: 22
2330-0030: 22
0030-0130: 22
-------
APPENDIX C: BLASTING DATA
102
-------
BRYCE CANYON/WESTERS SLOPE BLAST DATA
DATE
LOCATION
EQUIPMENT,
TYPE OF
DISTANCE
MAXIMUM
MAXIMl


SYSTEM
BLAST
TO BLAST,
FEET
SOUND PRESSURE
LEVEL, dB
S0U2JI
LEVEL,
6/6
Yovinpa Point
A
Air I
26,900

61
t«
Rainbow Point
D
II
28,000
>92.7
' 86.2
68.6
tf
Bryca Point
C
II
74,000
56.4
II
Yovinpa Point
A
Air II
26,900
-
69
II
Rainbow Point
D
II
28,000
2 95.7
68.8
If
Bryca Point
C
If
74,000
86.9
^58.5
6/23
EFC*
E
Coal
1,300
-
79
If
ti
H
fl
8,000
84.2
66.1
n
ti
E
It
8,000
-
65.7
ti
it
E
Overburden
8,000
-
86.2
ii
it
G
II
16,000
89.2
65.2
it
ti
E
If
16,000
-
67.8
6/24
EFC
E
Overburden
18,500
-
57.2
It
ii
G
II
24,900
80.8
57.0
II
P & H**
G
Coal
5,000
107.2
80.4
II
ii
E
II
5,000
-
83.1
H
ii
H
If
6,500
99.5
74.9
fl
ii
E
If
6,500
-
75.0
6/25
Uliafrft
H
Coal
11,700
92.1
55.5
ri
ii
E
If
12,500
-
60.2
ti
it
E
II
20,500
-
55.4
6/26
ii
E
Overburden
13,000
-
62.1
11
n
E
II
21,400
-
55.1
M
tt
E
Coal
12,400
-
66.1
If
ii
H
If
17,000
106.7
75.3
If
ti
E
If
23,000
-
54.5
8/20
Yoviapa Point
H
Air I
184,800
65.1
36.2
8/20
Yovimpa Point
H
Air II
184,800
65.3
43.4
8/20
Rainbow Point
M
Air III
184,800
>78.7
42.4
6EFC ° Energy Fuels Corp* Mine Mo. 3
aop&M o Pittsburg & Midway Mine
AAAUI1 ° Utah International Inc. Trapper Mine
103
-------
BRYCE CANYON/WESTERN SLOPE BLAST DATA (Continued)
DATE
LOCATION
TYPE OF
BLAST
TEMPERATURE,
RELATIVE
CHARGE
SCALED
HUMIDITY,
WEIGHT
DISTANCE
Z
PER DELAY,
FEET

POUNDS
(Pounds) 1
59
100
.',795
-
II
6,032
53
II
15,942
-
It
5,795
30
ft
6,032
-
»»
15,942
-
1,550
129
38
It
It
691
»»
-
6,853
421
15
If
842
_
tl
tl
-
2,597
1,345
29
It
1,811
-
150
941
_
tl
It
21
tt
tf
1,223
t»
31
134
2,286
16
II
2,442
19
tt
4,006
-
8,400
639
-
II
1,200
22
123
2,493
-
II
3,418
21
II
4,625
-
100-110
39,192

It
It

It
11
6/6 Yovimpa Point
Rainbow Point
Bryce Point
Yovirapa Point
Rainbow Point
Bryce Point
6/23 EFC*
6
6
6
24
P&M**
25 UII***
26
Air I
Air II
Coal
II
Overburden
It
Coal
Overburden
It
Coal
8/20 Yovinpa Point Air I
"	Air II
Rainbow Point Air III
40 (Estimated)
A3
58
76
88
80
83
78
89
85
85
85
*EFC • Energy Fuels Corporation Mine No. 3
**P&M ¦ Pittsburg & Midway Mine
***UI1 * Utah International Inc. Trapper Mine
104
-------
BRYCE CANYON/WESTERN SLOPE BLAST DATA (Continued)
DATE LOCATION TYPE OF	Max. Octave Band Sound Levels, dBA
BLAST
31.SHz
63Kz
125Hz
250Hz
500Hz
6/6
Rainbow Point
Air I
51.7
61.5
64.1
62.0
57.1
ft
Bryce Point
II
52.4
54.7
51.1
-
-
»t
Rainbow Point
Air II
55.9
60.8
63.8
64.1
61.4
ft
Bryce Point
II
44.9
54.6
55.4
46.1
-
8/20
Yovimpa Point
Air I
25.4
. 30.2
32.8
m
-
*t
t»
Air II
24.2
35.7
41.1
41.6
34.3
II
Rainbow Point
Air III
39.6
35.3
29.8
15.8
14.6
105
-------
APPENDIX D: ATMOSPHERIC
ABSORPTION DATA FOR
BRYCE CANYON NATIONAL
PARX
106
-------
MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION OF ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS FOR TWO-KEEK
INTERVALS AT 8RYCE CANYON NATIONAL PARK. 1977-19801THROUGH 6/10).
NU IN HERTZ
ALPHA(NU) IN OB/1000FT
TIKE OF VEAR
ALPHA(16)	ALPHA(31.5)	AlPHA(63t	ALPHA(«2SI	ALPHA(250)	ALPHA* SOO)
MEAN S.D. MEAN S.D.	MEAN S.C.	MEAN S.D.	MEAN S.D.	MEAN S.O.
O
5/1 ~
9/16 -
«/t —
6/16 -
7/1 —
7/16 -
6/1 —
8/16 -
9/1 —
»/18 -
10/1 -
10/16
5/1S
5/31
6/1S
6/30
7/15
7/31
B/15
6/31
9/15
-	9/30
-	10/15
-	10/31
.014 .009
.030
.016
.013
.016
.016
.016
.007
.009
.009
.009
.011
.031
.013
.006
.011
.011
.013
.007
.009
.005
.008
.008
.010
.007
.020 .013
.035
.035
.035
.019
.022
.020
.022
.026
.043
.027
.019
.020
.022
.013
.016
.010
.014
.014
.017
.013
.069
.069
.063
.066
.086
.059
.064
.059
. 063
.066
.093
.06S
.025
.021
.029
.031
.035
.024
.027
.018
.024
.022
.026
.020
.165
.173
.203
.218
.219
.182
. 189
.178
.179
.208
. I 61
.034
.030
.038
.037
.042
.045
.046
.034
.132 .041
.026
.031
.029
.367
.381
.445
.486
.501
• 475
.477
.441
.446
.419
.436
.354
.079
.056
.064
.049
.044
.067
.065
.052
. 063
.047
.048
.055
.790
.732
.873
.930
.983
.938
.934
.83.*
.860
.825
.910
.711
.341
.113
.177
. 128
.114
. 107
. 105
.085
.114
.165
.228
. 201
-------
ATMOSPHERIC ATTEKUA1ION COEFFICIENTS
OflV BULB TEMPERATURE ANO RELATIVE HUUIDITV DATA FOR BRVCE CANYON
NATIONAL PAR» ACQUIRED FROM THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
DATA HAS USED FHOd THE FOLLOWING TIME PERIODS:
5/1/77 - 10/31/77
S/1/7B - 10/31/78
5/1/79 - 10/31/79
5/l/dO - 6/10/80
TIDE OF DATA OBSERVATION: 3:00 P» D3ST
ELEVATION: BO00 FT.
THE ABSORPTION COEFFICIENTS HERE OBTAINED FROM A REFERENCE TABLE
USIBQ A CUBIC SPLINE INTERPOLATION PROCEDURE.
fl LINEAR LEAST-SQUARES PROCEDURE HAS USED TO EXTRAPOLATE
RELATIVE HUUI01TIES ABOVE 90 PERCENT
A LINEAR EKTRAPOLATION OAS USED TO DETERMINE COEFFICIENTS FOR T LESS THAN 32 DECREES
O
no
THE C03PUTE0 COEFFICIENTS HAVE BEEN CORRECTED FOR PRESSURE
AMD CONVERTED FROS OB/IOOO TO DB/1000FT.
-------
DATE
S/1/TT
5/2/77
5/3/77
5/0/77
5/5/77
5/6/77
5/7/77
5/8/77
5/9/77
5/10/77
5/11/77
5/13/77
5/13/77
5/14/77
5/15/77
5/16/77
5/17/77
5/18/77
5/19/77
5/20/77
5/21/77
5/22/77
5/23/77
5/24/77
5/25/77
DRV BULB	RELATIVE
TEMPERATURE HUHIOITV
tOEG F)
NO DATA HAS RECORDED BY
62.0
11.0
60.0
8.0
60.0
23.0
55.0
40.0
51.0
41.0
43.0
100.0
54.0
39.0
52.0
42.0
45.0
45.0
56.0
21.0
58.0
23.0
53.0
34.0
42.0
80.0
53.0
83.0
48.0
38.0
41.0
34.0
36.0
54.0
47.0
37.0
4B.0
46.0
57.0
30.0
66.0
16.0
60.0
32.0
34.0
1 00.0
46.0
63.0
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS COB/IOOOFTI
(AT SPECIFIC OCTAVE BAND FREQUENCIES)
16MZ
31.SHI
63HZ
125HZ
2S0HZ
500HZ
UlONAl
PARK SERVICE



.033
.062
. 120
.231
.541
1.693
.027
.052
. 103
.210
.546
1.823
.025
.049
.097
.193
.364
.769
.007
.018
.055
.164
.377
.605
.007
.019
.055
.159
.358
.673
.003
• G11
.038
.126
.302
.504
.007
.019
.056
.164
.373
.697
.007
.018
.054
.159
.361
.666
.008
.020
.053
.147
.333
.629
.038
.053
. 100
. t83
.353
.873
.034
.048
.094
.183
.345
.743
.011
.025
.064
.166
.363
.722
.011
.024
.057
.135
.287
.527
.006
.015
.043
.127
• i2S
.653
.010
.023
.059
.159
.349
.708
.014
.030
.065
.149
.332
.845
.013
.027
.058
.126
.359
.589
.011
.024
.061
.158
.346
.725
. £>07
.018
.051
.148
.328
.595
.014
.030
.071
.173
.365
.711
.031
.061
. 121
.235
.472
.153
.025
.049
.097
.193
.364
.769
.004
.012
.038
.115
.352
.410
.010
.023
.055
.130
.306
.534
-------
OATE
DRY BULB
YWPCRATURE
(DEG ft
RELATIVE
HUMIDITY

5/26/77
5/27/77
5/28/77
5/29/77
5/30/77
5/31/77
6/1/77
6/2/77
6/3/77
6/4/77
6/5/77
6/8/77
6/7/77
6/8/77
6/9/77
6/10/77
6/11/77
6/12/77
6/13/77
6/14/77
6/15/77
6/16/77
6/17/77
6/18/77
6/19/77
6/JO/77
91.0
57.0
63.0
68.0
70.0
78.0
79.0
75.0
78.0
75.0
75.0
77.0
76.0
67.0
55.0
67.0
6B.0
70.0
73.0
75.0
75.0
78.0
77-0
76.0
74.0
67.0
56.0
3B.0
22.0
5B.0
34.0
15.0
1B.0
30.0
17.0
35.0
45.0
35.0
23.0
46.0
73.0
33.0
27.0
20.0
30.0
10.0
12.0
13.0
12.0
16.0
19.0
26.0
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS 
(AT SPECIFIC OCTAVE eANO FREQUENCIES)
16H2
31.5HZ
63H2
125H2
aSOHZ
500HZ
.007
.018
.050
.144
.327
.574
.007
.019
.056
.167
.307
.716
.023
.047
.097
.201
• 3B6
.756
.006
.015
.045
.140
.390
.827
.014
.033
-PB3
.210
.444
.756
.029
.059
. 124
.266
.531
1 .048
.020
.043
. 103
.353
.537
.963
.004
.015
.054
.187
.483
.891
.023
.049
.111
.25B
.531
.985
.009
.023
.070
.210
.488
.832
.005
.014
.046
.151
.439
.954
.002
.010
.045
.168
.481
.974
.011
.027
.077
.222
.499
.844
.005
.015
.049
.157
.417
.812
.000
.019
.049
.133
.331
.662
.006
.018
.057
.177
.434
.797
.012
.027
.072
.195
.429
.745
.022
.046
. lOt
.229
.455
.841
.020
.042
.098
.235
.480
. 854
.039
.074
.139
.248
.477
1 . 17B
.037
.071
. 138
.259
.501
1 .164
.034
.067
. 135
.268
-523
1 .098
. 036
.071
. 138
.264
.509
1 . 126
.020
.056
.120
.259
.518
1 .019
.021
.045
. 103
.242
.493
.696
.014
.031
.077
. 1 97
.418
. 726
-------
DATE
DRY BULB
TEMPERATURE
(DEG Ft
RELATIVE
HUMIDITY
«PCTi
6/21/77
6/22/77
6/23/77
6/24/77
6/25/77
6/26/77
6/27/77
6/28/77
6/29/77
6/30/77
7/1/77
7/2/77
7/3/77
7/4/77
7/5/77
7/6/77
7/7/77
7/8/77
7/9/77
7/10/77
7/11/77
7/12/77
7/13/77
7/14/77
7/15/77
7/16/77
68.0
70.0
76.0
68.0
61.0
78.0
77.0
78.0
76.0
83.0
80.0
78.0
65. 0
58.0
70.0
75.0
79.0
BO. 0
78.0
73.0
78.0
eo.o
76.0
83.0
79.0
82.0
24.0
32.0
23.0
33.0
54.0
27.0
29.0
27.0
23.0
17.0
34.0
22.0
56.0
79.0
35.0
20.0
12.0
17.0
8.0
17.0
11 .0
22.0
26.0
11.0
18.0
28.0
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS (OB/IOOOFT)
(AT SPECIFIC OCTAVE SAND FREQUENCIES!
1 GHZ
31.5HZ
03HZ
125HZ
250HZ
500HZ
.016
.035
. 084
.206
.425
.735
.005
.017
.056
.180
.451
.830
.011
.027
.077
.222
.499
.844
.006
.017
.056
.178
.439
.810
.006
.016
.049
.149
.376
.705
.004
.01S
.058
.200
.508
.910
.003
.014
.054
.190
.498
.917
.094
.015
.058
.200
.508
.910
.011
.027
.077
.223
.499
.844
.018
.042
. 102
.260
.571
1.033
.001
.009
.043
.168
.497
1 .029
.01 1
.028
.079
.228
.518
.881
.006
.018
.048
.145
.307
.772
.005
.014
.041
. 123
.336
.720
.004
.014
.051
. 173
.449
.851
.018
.040
.095
.238
.496
.870
.035
.069
.138
.270
.520
1.102
.022
.047
.100
.260
.547
.998
.038
.073
. 135
.236
.438
1 .051
.026
.053
.115
.253
.509
.980
.037
.072
. 140
.263
.502
1.117
.009
.025
.075
.227
.534
.918
.007
.020
.065
.205
.495
.859
.034
.067
. 137
.279
.541
1 .088
.020
.043
. 103
.253
.537
.963
.001
.010
.049
.190
.530
1 .011
-------
DATE
DRV BULB
TEMPERATURE
(OEG F)
RELATIVE
HUUIDITV
-------
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS (DB/lOOOFTt
DATE
DDT BULB
temperature
(DEC F)
REIATIVE
HUMIDITY
(PCTI
-------
MTC
DRY BULB
TEMPERATURE
(OEG F)
RELATIVE
HUU1D1TV
I PCT I
9/7/77
9/8/77
9/9/77
9/IO/T7
9/11/77
9/12/77
9/13/71
9/14/77
9/15/77
9/16/77
9/17/77
9/18/77
9/19/77
9/20/77
9/21/77
9/22/77
9/23/77
9/24/77
9/25/77
9/26/77
9/27/77
9/26/77
9/29/77
9/30/77
10/1/77
10/2/77
60.0
60.0
76.0
55.0
58.0
65.0
70.6
61.O
60.0
65.0
63.0
61.0
60.0
62.0
56.0
64.0
63.0
66.0
69.0
68.0
66.0
65.0
67.0
50.0
57.0
62.0
19.0
15.0
17.0
94.0
B4.0
41.0
20.0
67.0
18.0
18.0
27.0
30.0
18.0
46.0
33.0
23.0
12.0
32.0
8.0
24.0
35.0
52.0
33.0
35.0
3B.0
31.0
ATMOSPHERIC- ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS (DB/IOOOFTl
IAT SPECIFIC OCTAVE J AND FREQUENCIES)
16112	31.5HZ
.016	.037
.027	.057
.023	.049
.001	.007
.004	.012
.005	.015
.022	.046
.006	.015
.027	.055
.029	.056
.018	.037
.012	.027
.027	.0S5
.005	.015
.011	.025
.021	.043
.033	.064
.021	.044
.035	.067
.016	.035
.006	.017
.006	.016
.006	.018
.011	.025
.007	.019
.010	.025
63HZ	125HZ
.093	.247
.122	.2*69
.111	.258
.030	.112
.038	.121
.050	.164
.101	.229
.044	.133
.113	.233
.113	.224
.080	.176
.069	.178
.113	.233
.050	.159
.064	.170
.092	.200
.123	.234
.095	.210
.122	.214
.084	.206
.054	.173
.049	.151
.057	.177
¦063	.163
.056	.167
.065	.178
250HZ	500HZ
.542	.951
.546	1.048
.531	.985
.327	.683
.331	.696
.420	.790
.455	.841
.356	.734
.45?	.961
.441	.995
.352	.691
.389	.720
.457	. 961
.398	.735
.374	.722
.391	.726
.527	1.507
.411	.757
.453	1.360
.425	.735
.429	.796
.395	.770
.434	.797
.354	.727
.387	.716
.399	.734
-------
DRV BULB	RELATIVE
DATE	IMPED* TUBE HUMIDITY
(DEO F)	|PCT»
10/3/77
70.0
76.0
10/4/77
68.0
34.0
f0/5/77
NO OATA
MAS "ECOROED
10/6/77
59.0
75.0
10/7/77
58.0
37.0
I0/B/T7
57.0
15.0
10/8/77
61.0
30.0
10/10/77
53.0
33.0
10/11/77
63.0
34.0
*0/13/77
57.0
34.0
•0/13/77
63.0
31.0
10/14/77
67.0
14.0
10/15/77
67.0
17.0
10/16/77
66.0
16.0
10/17/77
66.0
16.0
10/18/77
63.0
35.0
10/19/77
64.0
33.0
10/30/77
43.0
93.0
10/31/77
49.0
54.0
10/33/77
54.0
49.0
10/33/77
54.0
36.0
10/34/77
59.0
35.0
10/35/77
64.0
40.0
10/36/77
69.0
13.0
10/37/77
58.0
31.0
10/38/77
55.0
36.0
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS IDB/IOOOFTI
(AT SPECIFIC OCTAVE BAND FREQUENCIES!
16HZ
¦ Oil
.016
NATIONAL
.000
.018
.030
.037
.013
.031
.010
.035
.034
.030
.031
.031
.0 IB
.031
.00b
.007
.006
.031
.031
.005
.035
.013
.009
31.5HZ <
.037
.033
PARK SERV
.019
.037
.059
.053
.037
.043
.033
.050
.066
.058
.061
.061
.0)8
.043
.013
.018
.016
.043
.043
.015
.0C8
.02B
.033
63HZ
.073
.084
I ICE
.043
.080
.114
.109
.066
.069
.063
.101
.137
.117
.131
. 131
.084
.093
.041
.050
.050
.084
.067
.051
. 131
.008
.060
135HZ
.301
.306
.136
.176
.330
.303
.165
.193
.170
.303
.343
.334
.333
.333
.193
.300
.138
.143
.153
.167
.181
.166
.346
.174
.167
350HZ
.445
• 4?5
.341
.353
.509
.390
.356
.373
.3B1
.305
.495
.463
.473
.473
.383
.391
.307
.320
.355
.334
.351
.4 1 7
.499
.375
.376
500HZ
.761
.735
.737
• BBI
1.543
.879
.739
.703
.734
.806
1.389
1.049
1.153
1.153
.697
.738
.503
.563
.635
.716
.695
.778
1.391
.717
.716
-------
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS (DB/tOOOFTI
MY BUI.B	RELATIVE	IAT SPECIFIC OCTAVE BAND FREQUENCIES)
DATE	TEMPERATURE HUUID1TV
(DEC F)	IPCT)	16HZ 31.5HZ 63H2 125HZ 250H2 500MZ
• 0/59/77
44. 0
too.o
.003
.011
.038
.125
.306
.518
10/30/77
S1.0
32.0
.014
.030
.068
.164
.340
.737
10/31/77
40.0
46.0
.010
.023
.055
.139
.399
.644
5/1/7®
55.0
32.0
.012
.028
.067
.169
.365
.721
5/2/78
51.0
66.0
.009
.021
.053
.139
.318
.587
5/3/78
56.0
59.0
.007
.017
.049
.144
.347
.635
5/4/7*
56.0
17.0
.030
.050
.110
.206
.451
1 .311
5/5/7®
40.0
4.0
.008
.020
.055
.169
.551
1.768
5/6/70
31.0
44.0
.017
.033
.064
.123
.333
.832
5/7/7®
40.0
58.0
.011
.024
.056
.139
.370
.531
5/«/7®
51.0
51.0
.006
.017
.050
.148
.336
.589
5/9/7®
58.0
23.0
.024
• 04B
.094
. 102
.345
.743
5/10/78
64.0
17.0
.030
.059
.116
.226
.453
1 . 103
5/11/78
65.0
21 .0
.024
• 04B
.100
.211
.408
.794
5/13/78
64.0
17.0
.030
.059
.116
.226
.453
1 . 103
5/13/78
69.0
19.0
.025
.050
.107
.331
.454
.691
5/14/78
73.0
15.0
.032
.063
. 127
.255
.502
1 .090
5/15/78
67.0
23.0
.019
.039
.089
.200
.417
.739
5/ie/T®
42.0
54.0
.010
.022
.053
.135
.305
. 546
5/17/78
NO DATA
WAS RECORDED BY
THE NATIONAL
PARK SERVICE



5/10/78
56.0
?5.0
.022
.044
.087
.173
.332
.710
5/19/70
65.0
21.0
.024
.048
. 100
.211
.408
. 794
5/20/78
C6.0
25.0
.016
.035
.002
.198
.406
.715
5/31/78
63.0
36.0
.006
.01B
.055
.171
.41-1
. 766
5/22/70
69.0
34.0
.005
.016
-0E3
.175
.4*15
.031
5/23/70
63.0
25.0
.018
• 03B
. 064
. 193
.383
.697
-------
DATE
DRV BULB
TEMPER TURE
(DEG Ft
relative
HUMIDITY
( PCT I
5/24/78
5/25/78
5/26/78
5/27/78
5/28/78
5/29/78
5/38/78
5/31/78
6/1/78
6/2/78
6/3/78
6/4/78
6/5/78
6/B/78
6/7/78
6/8/78
6/9/78
6/10/78
6/11/78
6/12/78
6/13/78
6/14/78
6/15/78
6/16/78
6/17/78
6/18/78
54.0
S9.0
59. 0
61.0
67.0
74.0
71.0
63.0
68.0
65.0
67.0
53.0
S9.0
69.0
73.0
74.0
78.0
78.0
72.0
77.0
77.0
77.0
74. 0
73.0
73.0
76.0
22.0
21.0
25.0
23.0
20.0
21.0
27.0
36.0
12.0
24.0
23.0
67.0
40.0
31.0
23.0
21.0
13.0
6.0
25.0
20.0
17.0
29.0
19.0
15.0
13.0
17.0
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS (D8/I000FT)
(AT SPECIFIC OCTAVE BAND FREQUENCIES!
16HZ
31.5H2
63H2
125H2
250H2
500HZ
.027
.051
.096
.173
.333
.841
.027
.052
. 101
.192
.366
.832
.021
.042
.087
.181
.351
.695
.023
.045
.093
.192
.366
.727
.024
.049
.103
.231
.431
.840
.016
.037
.091
.231
.486
.837
.009
.024
.068
.198
.454
.785
.006
.018
.055
.171
.414
.766
.036
.009
.131
.242
.502
1.377
.018
.039
.087
.200
.398
.714
.019
.039
.089
.208
.417
.739
.009
.020
.052
.139
.327
.615
.006
.017
.053
.165
.395
.724
.007
.019
.059
.183
.444
.806
.014
.032
.082
.219
.472
. 79S
.016
.037
.091
.231
• 4R6
.837
.034
.067
. 135
.268
.523
1 .098
.035
.066
.119
.201
.369
.924
.011
.027
.075
.200
.462
.783
.016
.037
.092
.240
.515
.892
.024
.051
.112
.256
.523
.981
.003
.014
.054
.190
.496
.917
.021
.045
. 103
.243
.493
.896
.032
.063
.127
.255
.502
1 .090
.036
.069
.134
.356
.502
1 . 180
.025
.052
. 114
.255
.516
.980
-------
DATE
DRV BUIB
TEBPERAIURE
(DEG f)
RELATIVE
HUMIDITY
(PCTJ
6/19/78
6/20/78
6/21/78
6/22/78
6/23/78
6/20/78
8/25/78
6/26/78
6/27/78
6/28/78
6/2S/78
6/30/7B
T/l/78
7/2/78
7/3/78
7/1/78
7/5/7B
7/6/78
7/7/78
7/8/78
7/9/78
7/10/78
7/11/78
7/12/78
7/13/78
7/14/78
73.0
76.0
80.0
78.0
75.0
79.0
72.0
75.0
73.0
£3.0
67.0
73.0
75.0
76.0
74. 0
74.0
73.0
75.0
76.0
79.0
79.0
77.0
75.0
79.0
82.0
66.0
18.0
16.0
19.0
20.0
38.0
23.0
17.0
17.0
15.0
51.0
43.0
15.0
32.0
16.0
16.0
11.0
10.0
15.0
16.0
24.0
31.0
29.0
30.0
18.0
20.0
33.0
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS (D8/1000FTI
(AT SPECIFIC OCI AVE BAND FREQUENCIES)
I6HZ
3I.5HZ
63H2
I25HZ
250HZ
500H2
.024
.051
. ItO
.245
.490
.937
.028
.056
. 120
.259
.518
1.019
.016
.037
.093
.247
.542
.951
.015
.035
.091
.240
.523
.904
.005
.017
.060
.196
.485
.864
.008
.023
.072
.221
.524
.898
.027
.056
. 117
.247
.409
.993
.02G
.053
.115
.25.1
.509
.980
.032
.063
.J27
.255
.502
1 .090
.006
.016
.049
.153
.390
.738
.005
.015
.049
.161
.424
.817
.032
.063
. 127
.255
.502
1 .090
.014
.032
. 084
.227
.492
.835
.028
.056
. 120
.259
.518
1.018
.029
.058
. 121
. 25S
.505
1.030
.038
.073
. 138
.252
.490
1.204
.039
.073
. 137
.243
.476
1 .239
.031
.062
. 126
.260
.512
1.066
.028
.056
. 120
.259
.518
1.019
.007
.020
. 067
.215
.521
.902
.002
.010
. 048
.180
.504
.982
.003
.014
. 0E4
.190
.408
.917
.004
.015
. 054
. 187
• 4U3
.891
.020
.043
. 103
.253
.537
.963
.001
.010
. 049
.190
.530
1 .011
.001
.006
. 038
.162
.522
1.158
-------
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS < OB/tOOOFTl

DRY BULB
RELATIVE
(AT
SPECIFIC
OCTAVE
BAND FREQUENCIES)
DATE
TEUPERATURE
HUMIDITY







(DEC F)
• Pen
16H2
31.5HZ
63HZ
12SHZ
250H2
500HZ
7/15/78
00.0
37.0
.002
.009
.042
.159
.463
1.044
7/16/78
01.0
37.0
.001
.009
.041
.158
.486
1.065
7/17/78
SS.O
89.0
.001
.007
.031
.117
.332
.680
7/18/78
74.0
S1.0
.006
.016
.047
.144
.417
.929
7/19/78
70.0
35.0
.006
.019
.065
.210
.512
*B89
7/20/78
80.0
24.0
.006
.019
.065
.215
.529
.922
7/21/78
78.0
22.0
.011
.028
.079
.228
.510
.801
7/22/78
77.0
19.0
.019
.041
.099
.245
.516
.917
7/23/78
80.0
29.0
.002
.011
.050
.tea
.SI 6
.980
7/24/78
81.0
32.0
.001
.008
.044
.174
.510
1.03S
7/2S/78
80.0
34.0
.001
.009
.043
.168
.497
1.029
7/26/78
85.0
37.0
.001
.007
.038
.151
.494
1.150
7/27/78
81.0
35.0
.001
.008
.042
.164
.496
1.0S7
7/28/78
79.0
41.0
.003
.011
.043
.151
.462
1 .031
7/29/78
00.0
31.0
.001
.010
.046
.179
.509
1 .004
7/30/78
82.0
35.0
.001
.008
.041
. 163
.499
1.076
7/31/78
61.0
90.0
-.000
.004
.024
.103
.333
.767
0/1/78
73.0
47.0
.006
.015
.048
.151
.429
.916
0/2/78
79.0
20.0
.003
.013
.054
.194
.512
.944
8/3/78
76.0
4C.0
.003
.012
.045
.158
.460
.972
0/4/78
80.0
19.0
.016
.037
.093
.247
.542
.951
0/5/78
00.0
24.0
.006
.019
.065
.215
.529
.922
8/6/78
75.0
30.0
.004
.015
.054
.187
.483
.891
0/7/78
83.0
3B.0
.001
.009
.039
.152
.4U4
1. 109
0/0/78
79.0
33.0
.001
.010
.045
.173
.497
1.001
0/9/78
82.0
28.0
.001
.010
.049
.190
.530
1 .Otl
-------
DATE
DRY BULB
TEMPERATURE
(OEC F)
REl&MVE
HUMIDITY
(PCTl
B/10/78
8/II/7B
8/12/78
8/13/78
8/14/78
8/IS/78
8/16/78
8/17/78
8/18/78
8/19/78
8/20/78
8/21/78
8/22/78
8/23/78
8/24/78
8/25/78
8/26/78
8/27/78
8/28/78
8/29/78
8/30/78
0/31/78
9/1/78
9/2/78
9/3/78
9/0/78
75.0
74.0
70.0
73.0
65.0
70.0
75.0
74.0
67.0
74.0
£8.0
70.0
72.0
74.0
74.0
75.0
75.0
72.0
76.0
78.0
75.0
74.0
78.0
77.0
77.0
73.0
39.0
47.0
55.0
29.0
56.0
55.0
20.0
24.0
36.0
29.0
54.0
4B.0
40.0
24.0
27.0
22.0
25.0
37.0
28.0
22.0
36.0
35.0
41.0
37.0
26.0
41.0
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS (DB/1000FTI
(AT
SPECIFIC
OCTAVE
BAND FREQUENCIES)
16H2
31.5HZ
63HZ
125H2
250HZ
SOOHZ
.003
.012
.046
.161
.461
.952
.006
.015
.047
.149
.430
.934
.006
.016
.047
.143
.401
.658
.006
.0 IB
.059
.191
.470
.842
.006
.016
.048
.145
.337
.772
.006
.016
.047
. 143
.401
.858
.018
.040
.055
.231)
• 49B
.870
.011
.027
.076
.215
.480
.811
.005
.016
.053
.171
.434
.813
.005
.017
.0S8
.191
.477
.860
.006
.016
• 04B
.146
.399
.823
.006
.016
.043
.153
.420
.861
.004
.013
.047
.162
.446
.900
.011
.027
.076
.215
.480
.811
.007
.020
.004
.200
.478
.834
.014
.032
.084
.227
.492
.835
.009
.023
.070
.210
.488
.832
.003
.013
.048
.167
.455
.893
.005
.016
.058
.195
.402
.883
.011
.028
.079
.228
.518
.881
.003
.011
.046
.167
.470
.942
.003
.012
.048
.171
.469
.918
.003
.012
.044
. 153
• 4b0
1 .011
.002
.011
.044
.163
.474
.984
.006
.018
.063
.205
-SOI
.878
.004
.013
.047
.159
.448
.918
-------
DATE
DRV BULB
TEMPERATURE
(OEG F»
REIAT1VE
HUMIDITY
< PCI »
9/5/78
9/6/78
9/7/78
9/8/78
9/9/78
9/10/78
9/11/78
9/12/78
9/13/78
9/14/78
9/15/78
9/16/78
9/17/78
9/18/78
9/19/78
9/20/78
9/21/78
9/22/78
9/23/78
9/24/78
9/25/78
9/28/78
9/27/78
9/28/78
9/29/78
9/30/78
74.0
73.0
52.0
67.0
71.0
68.0
59.0
57.0
62.0
57.0
57.0
62.0
61.0
43.0
40.0
48.0
53.0
64.0
70.0
60.0
65.0
71.0
73.0
71.0
70.0
74.0
54.0
44.0
88.0
39.0
49.0
30.0
17.0
42.0
46.0
65.0
69.0
54.0
42.0
36.0
58.0
33.0
34.0
30.0
39.0
53.0
38.0
27.0
32.0
33.0
33.0
16.0
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS (DB/IOOOFTt
(AT
SPECIFIC
OCTAVE
BAND FREQUENCIES)

16HZ
31.5HZ
63HZ
125HZ
250H2
50 OH 2
.006
.016
.046
.139
.407
.927
.005
.014
.047
.155
.439
.918
.003
.010
.036
.123
.327
.638
.004
.015
.050
.166
.431
.819
.006
.016
.049
.150
.419
.877
.008
.021
.062
.185
.436
.781
.030
.059
.113
.213
.447
1.223
.006
.017
.052
.162
.384
.697
.005
.015
.050
.159
.398
.735
.007
.013
.048
.138
.344
.665
.007
.017
.048
.135
.341
.679
.006
.016
.049
.149
.380
.721
.005
.016
.051
.163
.402
.737
.013
.027
.063
.153
.335
.778
.011
.024
.056
.132
.270
.531
.014
.029
.067
.160
.342
.757
.011
.025
.064
.166
.363
.722
.010
.025
.066
.182
.408
.739
.008
.021
.063
.190
.449
.795
.006
.016
.049
.150
.374
.689
.005
.016
.052
.168
.424
.791
.009
.024
.068
.198
.454
.785
.004
.014
.053
.180
• 469
.877
.004
.015
.053
.178
.456
.853
.016
.036
.086
.215
.445
.763
.039
.058
.121
.255
.505
1.030
-------
Mil
DRY BULB
Temperature
(dec F)
relative
HUMIDITY
(PCT>
10/1/78
10/2/78
10/3/78
10/4/78
10/5/78
10/6/78
10/7/78
10/8/78
10/9/78
10/10/78
10/11/78
10/13/78
10/13/78
10/14/78
10/15/78
10/16/78
10/17/78
10/18/78
10/19/78
10/30/78
10/21/78
10/22/78
10/23/78
10/24/78
10/25/78
10/26/78
73.0
65.0
66.0
66.0
67.0
71.0
68.0
68.0
65.0
66.0
64.0
65.0
67.0
65.0
69.0
67.0
62.0
57.0
62.0
44.0
46.0
47.0
46.0
45.0
46.0
53. 0
1B.0
34.0
13.0
22.0
11.0
16.0
ta.o
15.0
27.0
25.0
26.0
34.0
26.0
15.0
16.0
29.0
46.0
39.0
31 .0
100.0
94.0
58.0
G3.0
74.0
63.0
57.0
MU0SPHER1C ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS IDB/1000FTI
(AT SPECIFIC OCTAVE BAUD FREQUENCIES)
16HZ
31.5HZ
63HZ
125HZ
250HZ
500HZ
.024
.051
.110
.245
.490
.937
.otu
.039
.087
.200
.398
.714
.035
.066
. 127
.240
.505
1.395
.021
.044
.095
.210
.41 1
.757
.035
.068
. 129
.237
.504
1.450
.030
.060
. 122
.248
.489
1.062
.027
.055
.113
.233
.457
.961
.033
.064
. 125
.243
.407
1.187
.014
.031
.075
.190
.404
.715
.016
.035
.082
.198
.408
.715
.016
.034
.080
.191
.393
.702
.006
.018
.057
.175
.423
.780
.014
.031
.077
.197
.418
.726
.033
.063
. 123
.235
.435
1 .267
.031
.061
.122
.343
.481
1.093
.010
.024
. 06G
.197
.426
.757
.005
.015
.050
.159
.398
.735
.007
.01B
.055
.166
.387
.712
.010
.025
.065
.178
.309
.734
.003
.011
.038
.125
.306
.518
.003
.011
.039
.126
.31 1
.549
.009
.020
.052
.140
.304
.541
.010
.023
.055
.138
.296
.534
.012
.026
CD
ui
o
.130
• 2U3
.545
.010
. C23
.055
.138
.296
.534
.007
.018
. 050
.144
.335
.594
-------
DATE
DRY BULB
TEMPERATURE
(DEG F)
RELATIVE
HUMIDITY
( PCT )
10/27/78
10/28/78
I0/39/78
10/30/78
<0/31/78
5/1/79
5/2/79
5/3/79
5/4/79
5/5/79
5/6/79
5/7/79
5/8/79
5/9/79
5/10/79
5/11/79
5/12/79
5/13/79
5/14/79
5/15/79
5/16/79
5/17/79
5/10/79
5/19/79
5/20/79
5/21/79
57.0
59.0
59.0
47.0
46.0
59.0
45.0
52.0
60.0
62.0
59.0
46.0
32.0
36.0
40.0
50.0
57.0
65.0
69.0
65.0
63.0
64.0
70.0
69.0
62.0
69.0
42.0
28.0
28.0
70.0
69.0
28.0
68.0
52.0
15.0
21.0
25.0
46.0
100.0
1B.0
39.0
40.0
22.0
3B.0
31.0
49.0
36.0
40.0
42.0
30.0
39.0
3B.0
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS IDB/1000FTI
(AT SPECIFIC OCTAVE BAKO FREQUENCIES)
I6HZ
31.5HZ
63H2
125H2
250HZ
500HZ
.006
.017
.052
.162
.3B4
.697
.016
.034
.076
.177
.364
.696
.016
.034
.076
.177
.364
.696
.011
.024
.057
. 138
.300
.555
.011
.025
.058
.130
,2d6
.544
.016
.034
.076
.177
.364
.696
.012
.025
.058
.13B
.291
.534
.006
.017
.050
.147
.338
.593
.031
.061
.117
.325
.495
1 .430
.025
.OSO
.101
.202
.3tJ5
.806
.021
.042
.087
.181
.351
.695
.ooa
.019
.052
.148
.324
.614
.004
.012
.036
.108
.236
.399
.018
.038
.083
.202
.612
1 .999
.012
.026
.060
.146
.323
.765
. OOB
.020
.056
.159
.355
. 602
.026
.050
.097
.182
.346
.790
.005
.016
.052
.168
.424
.791
.007
.019
.059
.183
.444
.806
.006
.016
.050
.155
.402
.774
.006
.018
.055
.171
.414
.766
.005
.015
.051
. 166
.417
.778
.004
.014
.048
. 160
.436
.867
.010
.024
.067
.193
.439
.768
.005
.016
.053
.167
.409
.756
.010
.024
.067
.193
.439
.768
-------
ATMOSPHERIC AT ...niUATlON COEFFICIENTS (DB/tODOFT)
DRV BULB	REI ATIVE	(AT SPECIFIC OCTAVE BAND FREQUENCIES)
DATE	TEMPERATURE HUM1D1TV
(DEG F)	(PCT)	16H2 31.5HZ 63MZ 12SHZ 250HZ 500HZ
5/22/79
75.0
25.0
.oog
.023
.070
.210
.488
.832
5/33/79
60.0
62.0
.006
.016
.047
.140
.360
.702
5/24/79
56.0
59.0
.007
.017
.049
.144
.347
.635
5/25/79
60.0
66.0
.006
.016
.046
.135
.354
.715
5/26/79
50.0
100.0
.002
.008
.032
.118
.320
.609
5/27/79
61.0
50.0
.006
.016
.050
.154
.305
.709
5/2B/79
65.0
49.0
.006
.016
.050
.155
.402
.774
5/29/79
59.0
48.0
.005
.016
.050
.156
.381
. 687
5/30/70
54.0
•>8.0
.007
.018
.050
.144
.339
.607
5/31/79
56.0
46.0
.006
.016
.051
.157
.372
.663
6/1/79
60.0
41.0
.005
.016
.052
.164
.399
.729
6/2/79
66.0
25.0
.016
.035
.082
.198
.408
.715
6/3/79
63.0
40.0
.005
.016
.052
.166
.413
.766
6/4/79
63.0
51.0
.006
.016
.049
.153
.390
.738
6/5/79
75.0
3C.0
.003
.011
.046
.167
.470
.942
6/G/79
76.0
21.0
.015
.034
.088
.233
.503
.B61
6/7/79
57.0
51.0
.006
.016
.050
.152
.365
.651
6/8/79
40.0
38.0
.010
.023
.059
.159
.349
.708
6/9/79
NO DATA
HAS BECORDCO BV
THE NATIONAL
PARK SERVICE



6/10/79
64.0
26.0
.016
.034
.080
.191
.393
.702
6/11/79
72.0
31.0
.005
.016
.056
.184
.463
.850
6/12/79
79.0
33.0
.001
.010
.045
.173
.497
1.001
6/13/79
78.0
17.0
.023
.049
.111
.258
.531
.985
6/14/79
76.0
26.0
.007
.020
.065
.205
.435
.859
U/15/79
72.0
17.0
.027
.056
.117
.247
• 4U9
.993
6/16/79
71.0
27.0
.oog
.024
.068
.198
.454
. 7B5
-------
DATE
DRY 811 LB
temperature
(OEG F)
RELATIVE
HUUIOITV
( PCT )
6/17/79
6/18/79
6/19/79
6/20/79
6/21/79
6/22/79
6/23/79
6/24/79
6/25/79
6/26/79
6/27/79
6/28/79
6/29/79
6/30/79
7/1/79
7/2/79
If3/79
7/4/79
7/5/79
7/6/79
7/7/79
7/8/79
7/9/79
7/10/79
7/11/79
7/12/79
65.0
52.0
65.0
70.0
73-0
75.0
78.0
79.0
80.0
79.0
80.0
84.0
80.0
79.0
79.0
78.0
70.0
70.0
73.0
75.0
78.0
79.0
84.0
84.0
82. 0
85.0
24.0
33.0
27.0
15.0
29.0
39.0
33.0
26.0
15.0
14.0
19.0
22.0
37.0
36.0
36.0
30.0
20.0
20.0
29.0
20.0
20.0
23.0
16.0
14.0
10.0
17.0
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION C0EPFIC1ENTS (DB/tOOOFT)
(AT SPECIFIC OCTAVE BAND FREQUENCIES)
16HZ	31.5H2
.018	.039
.012	.027
.014	.031
.032	.064
.006	.018
.003	.012
.002	.010
.004	.016
.027	.057
. S31	.062
.016	.037
.005	.018
.002	.009
.002	.010
.002	.010
.002	.012
.022	.046
.022	.046
.006	.018
.018	.040
.015	.035
.008	.023
.02C	.0^5
.026	.055
.036	.070
.016	.038
63HZ	125MZ
.087	.200
.066	.1o5
.075	.190
.126	.248
.059	.191
.046	.161
.046	.174
.060	.204
. 122	.269
.129	.270
.093	.247
.066	.221
.042	.159
.043	.163
.043	.163
•051	.185
.101	.229
.101	.229
¦059	.191
.095	.238
.091	.240
.072	.221
.107	.267
-122	.279
.139	.270
-097	.259
250HZ	500HZ
.398	.714
.356	.729
.404	.715
.492	1.142
,<70	,B42
.461	.952
.493	.980
.51 7	.919
.546	1.048
.535	1.071
.542	.951
.561	1.000
.483	1.044
.485	1.020
.485	1.020
.501	.950
.455	.841
.455	.841
.470	.842
.498	.870
.523	.904
.524	.898
.582	1.066
.5 70	1.094
.513	1.070
.580	1.067
-------
DATE
DRY BULB
TEMPERATURE
(DEC F)
RELATIVE
houiditv
-------
©ats
DSV BULB
TEDKBftluat
(DEG F)
BELATIVE
KUB1DWV
<»>CT>
8/8/79
0/9/79
S/DO/TS
Q/40/TO
a/na/Ta
o/ns/re
B/M/T9
S/HS/TO
9/(6/79
0/17/79
0/1Q/7B
0/19/79
0/30/79
B/2S/79
0/22/79
0/23/79
0/34/79
3/25/79
0/28/79
0/27/79
8/28/79
8/29/7©
8/30/79
8/31/79
9/1/79
9/2/79
76.0
79.0
01.0
80.9
(57.0
ss.o
61.®
S3.0
93.0
GO.S
56.0
93.0
37.0
67.0
70. O
73.0
72.0
75. 0
63.0
78.0
72.0
73.0
73.0
71.0
74.0
73.0
43.0
33.0
45.0
31.0
57 .0
52.0
62.0
78.0
83.0
71.0
55.0
64.0
55.0
43.0
39.0
26.0
22.0
22.0
56.0
44.0
37.0
31.0
31.0
42.0
27.0
32.0
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS (D6/1000FT)
(AT SPECIFIC OCTAVE BAND FBEQUEHC1ES)
16H2
31 .SHZ
63H2
12SHZ
250HZ
500H2
.004
.013
. 045
.152
.448
.974
.001
.010
.045
.173
.497
1.001
.004
.013
. 043
.140
.443
1.064
.001
.010
.046
.179
.509
1.004
*03o
.015
.046
.142
.390
.808
.006
.016
. C49
.151
.395
.770
.006
.016
. 046
.139
.363
.718
.008
.019
. 049
.131
.323
.646
.006
.016
.045
.128
.323
.639
.006
.015
.043
.130
.348
.731
.006
.017
.049
.147
.353
.632
.008
.018
¦ 050
.140
.337
.633
.006
.017
.0-59
.148
.357
.645
.005
.015
.049
.161
.434
.817
.008
.021
.063
.190
.449
.795
.009
.024
-069
.204
.470
.806
.016
.036
.089
.223
.465
.798
.014
.032
.084
.237
.492
.835
.006
.016
.048
.145
.367
.773
.004
.013
.044
.148
.447
1.010
.003
.013
.048
.167
.455
.893
.005
.016
.056
. 184
.463
.650
.005
.016
.056
. 184
.463
.850
.004
.014
.040
. 160
.440
.884
.007
.023
.064
.200
.478
.834
.004
.014
.053
.180
.469
.877
-------
DATE
DOT BULB
TEMPERATURE
coec F)
RELATIVE
HUMIDITY
|PCT)
9/3/79
9/41/79
9/5/79
9/6/79
9/7/79
9/8/79
9/9/79
9/10/79
9/11/79
9/12/79
9/13/79
9/14/79
9/15/79
9/16/79
9/17/79
9/18/79
9/19/79
9/20/79
9/21/79
9/22/79
9/23/79
9/24/79
9/25/79
9/26/79
9/27/79
9/28/79
76.0
77.0
79.O
80.0
79.O
77.0
72.0
74.O
76.0
75.0
73.0
66.0
62.O
67.0
75.0
71.0
62.0
67.0
67.0
71.0
73.0
70.0
68.0
68.0
70.0
70.0
23.0
29.0
26.0
22.0
33.0
46.0
56.0
27.0
23.0
28.0
20.0
46.0
35.0
36.0
28.0
42.0
S4.0
50.0
44.0
36.0
29.0
29.0
33.0
51 .0
29.0
38.0
ATMOSPHERIC ATTCNUATION COEFFICIENTS (DB/tOOOFT)
UT SPECIFIC OCTAVE BAND FREQUENCIES)
16HZ
31.5HZ
63H2
I2SHZ
2S0HZ
SOOH2
.011
.027
.077
.222
.499
.844
.003
.0I«
.054
.190
.498
.917
.004
.016
.060
.204
«S1 7
.919
.009
.025
.075
.227
.534
.918
.001
.010
• 045
.173
.497
1.001
.005
.018
.046
.146
.437
.989
.006
.015
.045
.130
.401
.893
.007
-020
.064
.200
.478
.834
.011
.027
.077
.222
.499
.844
.005
.017
.060
.196
.485
.864
.020
.042
.098
.235
.480
.854
.005
.015
.049
.158
.413
.796
.007
.019
.057
.172
.409
.754
.005
.016
.053
.171
.434
.813
.005
.017
.060
.196
.485
.864
.004
.014
.048
.160
.440
.884
.006
.016
.049
.149
.300
.721
.006
.016
.049
.152
.406
.806
.005
.015
. 049
.160
.421
.816
.004
.013
.0£.0
.170
• 4E>3
.872
.006
.018
.059
.191
.470
.842
.008
.021
.063
.190
.449
.795
.006
.017
.056
.178
.439
.810
¦ OOS
.016
.049
.150
.406
.823
.008
.021
.063
.190
.449
.795
.004
.014
.049
.167
.445
.863
-------
©ATE
M< BULB
IEIPUMUK
IDEQ F)
RELATIVE
HUtllDlTV
fCT)
i/M/n
9/30/79
io/«/n
10/3/79
I0/3/7®
10/4/79
10/5/79
10/6/79
10/7/79
10/8/79
10/9/79
10/19/79
10/11/79
10/19/79
10/13/79
10/14/79
<0/15/79
10/16/79
10/17/79
10/19/79
10/19/79
10/30/79
10/31/79
10/22/79
10/33/79
10/24/79
70.0
71.0
73.0
71.0
74.0
73.0
73.0
73.0
73.0
69.0
73.0
73.0
68.0
C9.0
65.0
59.0
•7.0
• 1.0
58.0
•0.0
55.0
46.0
37.0
47.0
53.0
SB.O
43.0
43.0
50.0
33.0
35.0
19.0
17.0
13.0
19.0
33.0
17.0
9.0
31.0
19.0
24.0
38.0
33.0
38.0
39.0
33.0
49.0
01.0
77.0
64.0
34.0
31.0
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS (D8/1000FT)
(AT SPECIFIC OCTAVE BAUD FREQUENCIES)
16H2
31.5H2
63H2
125M2
250HZ
500M2
.004
.014
.048
.160
.436
.867
.004
.014
.048
.160
.440
.884
• OOC
.018
.048
.147
.419
.913
.004
.015
.053
.178
.458
.85)
.003
.013
.048
.171
.469
.919
.023
.047
. 10S
.238
.477
.889
.027
.056
.117
.347
.409
.993
.030
.069
.134
.356
.503
1.180
.033
.047
.105
.238
.477
.B89
.019
.040
.093
.317
.438
.771
.027
.056
.117
.247
.4U9
.993
.038
.072
.132
.331
.461
1.363
.031
.045
.098
.219
.433
.79ft
.023
.050
.107
.331
.454.
.891
.018
.039
.087
.300
.393
.714
.016
.034
.076
.177
.364
.698
.019
.039
.089
.308
.417
.739
.006
.017
.054
.168
.405
.747
.006
.018
.054
.166
. 391
.719
.009
.023
.063
.174
.394
.734
.006
.016
.050
.153
• 300
.635
.010
.022
.053
.135
.303
.564
.013
.028
.060
.13)
.204
.504
.010
.023
.055
.139
.300
.543
.011
.025
. 064
. 166
.363
.722
.012
.028
. oee
. 17 A
.375
.717
-------
DATE
DRY 8UL0
TEMPERATURE
( DEG F )
RELATIVE
HUMIDITY
IPCT)
10/25/79
10/26/T9
« 0/27/79
10/29/79
10/29/79
t0/30/79
10/31/79
S/1/80
s/a/so
5/3/80
5/4/00
5/5/80
5/6/00
5/7/80
5/8/B0
5/9/80
5/10/80
5/11/80
5/12/80
5/13/80
5/14/80
5/15/80
5/16/80
5/17/80
5/16/80
5/19/80
62.0
58.0
54.0
54.0
27.0
35.0
32.0
34.0
51.0
60.0
69.0
47.0
48.0
49.0
53.0
47.0
37.0
34.0
43.0
49.0
44. 0
48.0
58. 0
5G.0
55.0
64. 0
28.0
35.0
26.0
22.0
39.0
23.0
64.0
100.0
56.0
33.0
41 .0
87.0
81.0
76.0
57. O
63.0
30.0
92.0
55.0
49.0
80.0
59.0
43.0
46.0
45.0
29.0
ATMQSPHCRlC ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS IDB/1000FT)
(AT SPECIFIC QC!AVE OAND FREQUENCIES)
I6HI
31.5MZ
63HZ
125MZ
250HZ
500H2
.014
.031
.074
. 183
.305
.704
.008
.021
.060
.170
.388
.728
.021
.042
.084
.167
.324
.716
.037
.051
.096
.173
.333
. B41
.018
.035
¦ 064
.118
.311
1.058
.016
.031
.064
.143
.409
1.479
.016
.032
.063
.121
.238
.565
.004
.012
.038
.115
.252
.410
.007
.018
.050
.144
.327
.574
.009
.023
.062
.174
.394
.734
.004
.014
.049
.163
.435
.850
.005
.014
.042
.129
.314
.574
.010
.022
.053
.135
.303
.564
.010
.023
.054
.136
.310
.590
.007
.018
.050
.144
.330
.583
.010
.022
.055
.139
.301
.541
.016
.032
.005
.139
.337
1.044
.006
.016
. 042
.117
.253
.449
.003
.021
.053
.136
.208
.539
.007
.01'
.051
. 148
.330
.530
.011
.024
.056
.136
.204
.543
.009
.020
.052
.140
.308
.547
.006
.016
.051
.162
.387
. 700
.006
.016
.051
.157
.373
.663
.006
.016
.051
.158
.369
.660
.021
.043
.092
.200
.3i)i
.726
-------
DRV BULB	RELATIVE
DATE	TEMPERATURE HUMIDITY
(OtG F)	(PCT)
5/20/80
69.0
25.0
5/21/80
72.0
19.0
5/22/80
65.0
27.0
5/23/BO
56.0
37.0
5/24/80
NO DATA MAS
RECORDED
5/25/80
35.0
68.0
5/26/80
S1.0
32.0
5/27/80
56.0
29.0
5/28/80
51.0
41.0
5/29/80
58.0
35.0
5/30/80
61.0
23.0
5/31/80
60.0
22.0
6/1/80
53.0
30.0
6/2/80
61.0
23.0
6/3/80
64.0
30.0
6/4/80
67.0-
26.0
6/5/80
66.0
22.0
6/6/80
65.0
16.0
6/7/80
67.0
11.0
6/8/80
74.0
9.0
6/9/80
7B.0
11.0
6/10/B0
77.0
3.0
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION
(AT SPECIFIC OCTAVE
16HZ 31.5HZ 63HZ
COEFFICIENTS (DB/1000FT)
BAND FREQUENCIES)
135HZ 350HZ 500H2
.014
.031
.079
.204
.435
.744
.023
.047
. 105
.238
.477
.889
.014
• 05 1
.075
.190
.404
.715
.008
.020
.058
.167
.363
.715
riDNAL
PARK SERVICE



.015
.030
.063
.120
.360
.530
.014
.030
.068
.164
.348
.737
.016
.033
.075
.171
.353
.706
.007
.019
.055
.159
.35B
.673
. OOB
.021
.060
.170
.3*18
.728
.023
.045
.093
.192
• 3C6
.727
.025
.049
.097
.192
.364
.769
.016
.033
.073
.166
• 345
.724
.023
.045
.093
.192
.366
.737
.010
.025
.066
. 1B2
• 408
.739
.014
.031
.077
.197
.418
.726
.021
.044
.095
.310
.411
.757
.020
.056
.113
.234
.44 1
.995
.036
.063
.129
.237
.504
1 .458
.039
.073
.135
.236
.457
1 .193
.037
.072
. t
-------
ATlMSF.tCfMC *TTENU»UON COEFFICIEMS FOR TO2.0 IN DJ/1000M AT BOOOFT



ALPHA!T
•8H.Fl


RH(PCT >
1611Z
31 .5112
63H2
125K 2
250KZ
Sr,OnZ
2.0
. COO
.021
.o:.5
.15-i
.471
1 .065
4.0
.015
. 0 J5
.03:»
.363
.804
1 .683
6.0
.019
.044
.117
.33?
1 .016
2.427
d.o
.021
.019
. 129

1 .122
2. 748
10.0
.021
.049
. 120
.3t0
1 .139
2 . U«6
*2.0
.020
.047
. 1J2
.349
i .Or<4
2.U40
14 .0
. C U
.042
.110
.31 3
.979
2.703
ib.o
.9lo
.03 5
. 0«»-s

.6 45
2.460
18.0
.013
.031
.079
.222
.703
2.223
20.0
.012
. 020
.0C>6
. IC3
.584
1 .972
22.0
.CI 1
.024
. OS3
. 157
.494
1. 762
?«.0
.01 1
.023
. 051
.141
• 435
1 .592
2o.O
.01 1
.024
. 054
.134
.461
1.4 55
53.0
.012
.025
.05vi
.133
.301
1 .343
?G.O
.01 3
.027
. 05B
. 133
.309
1 .248
32.0
. 01 4
.028
. 060
. 133
.257
1 . 163
3-..0
.01b
.029
. 061
.133
.344
1. 005
36.0
.015
.030
.062
• 132
.331
1.010
.0
.016
.031
. 063
.131
.319
.956
40.0
.016
.031
. Ot 3
.12J
.307
.902
42.0
.016
.032
. 0G3
.127
• 21)5
.nsa
44.0
,01G
. 022
.0*3
.125
.2e4
.609
40.0
.CI6
.032
. GC 3
.124
.273
.771
<1.0
.016
.032
¦ Co2
.122
.264
.737
50.0
.016
.032
. 0i,2
.121
.157
. 706
52.0
.016
. 032
. 0^2
.120
.251
.678
54.0
.016
.032
. Cr,2
.1*0
.246
.653
sc.o
. C | 7
.032
.002
. 120
.142
.631
S£.0
.017
.033
,Co2
.120
.2*0
.611
60-3
.01 7
.032
. CO 3
.120
.2i9
.£94
62.0
.016
.032
. Oi.3
.121
.230
.579
CI. c
.016
.032
. 063
.121
.238
. 5CS

.Of 6
.032
. Gc 2
.122
.239
.554
68. C
.016
.031
. GC2
.122
.240
s 544
70.0
.015
.031
. Ool
.122
.241
.535
72.0
.015
.030
. CoO
. 122
. 2-42
.520
74.0
.014
.029
. C'.n
.122
.243
.522
73.0
. 0 1 4
.02H
. ( 5-1
.122
.244
.516
70.0
.013
. 0 ?7
. or
. 121
.245
.511
80.0
.012
. C 25
. CLl
.120
.2415
. 50i>
62 .0
.01 1
.023
. 0; 2
.1>H
.246
.501
C4.0
.010
.021
. 04D
.117
.246
.496
80. 0
.00 9
.019
. C46
.114
.245
.4t*0
60.0
.007
.017
. 04?
.11?
.244
. 403
90.0
.OOo
.014
. 0 3'i
.10 «
.242
.476
9?. 0
.007
.016
.041
.110
.239
. 44u
*•1.0
. 00b
.015
. 0 12
.110
.23b
.434
0 3.0
.OOo
.on
. 039
.109
• 2 j7
.422
tn. o
.00 5
.0*3
.037
. t09
.237
.411
100. 0
.00 4
.012
. 036
.toy
.236
.399
-------
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS FOR t«



ALPHA(T,
.RH.Ft
RH(PCT)
16112
31.5HZ
63HJ
125112
3.0
.005
.011
.031
.091
4.0
.009
.031
. 05G
.163
6.0
.013
.030
.074
.307
8.0
.017
.037
. OBB
.333
10.0
.030
.043
.008
.2.1 J
• 3.0
.033
.048
. IOJ
.2.19
14.0
.036
.051
. 10b
.226
16.0
.033
.053
. 104
.20 7
16.0
-OJB
.054
.102
• 18*)
so.o
.028
.053
. 008
.172
33.0
.037
.051
. 003
.163
34.0
.035
.047
. 039
.157
36.0
-C22
.043
. CB3
. 157
23.0
.019
.038
.073
.159
30.0
.017
.034
.073
.161
33.0
.014
.030
• 0G9
.163
=4.9
.01 3
.027
.065
.ICS
36.0
.010
.024
.Obi
. 162
38.0
.093
.032
.059
.161
40.0
.COt)
.020
.056
.159
43.0
.007
.019
.0S4
. 157
44.0
.00 7
.018
.053
. 155
46.0
.007
.017
.051
.152
48.0
.00 3
.017
.051
.150
50.0
.007
.017
.050
. 14B
53.0
.007
.017
.050
.146
54.0
.007
.018
.050
. 144
56.0
. C07
.013
.Obi
.143
SO.O
.003
.019
.Obi
. 142
GO. 0
.008
.020
.052
.141
63.0
.009
.070
.053
. 140
64.0
.009
.021
.053
. 14 J
fiG.O
.013
.023
.054
.139
6a.o
.010
.022
.054
.139
70.0
.010
.022
.054
. 13a
72.0
.010
.022
.054
.137
74.0
.010
.023
. 054
. 1 3G
7G.0
.01 0
.022
.053
.135
78.0
.009
.021
. 052
.131
80.0
.009
.030
.OSO
.133
62.0
.008
.018
. 0-»H
.131
84.0
.007
.016
. 04a
.130
06.0
. £05
.014
. 0 is
. 12R
ea.o
.003
-Otl
¦ 0>7
. 12li
90.0
.001
.007
. 0 jj
. 123
92.0
.003
¦ OlO
.03j
. 133
S'..0
.00 2
.009

t i2*i
96.0
.002
.009
.034
. 120
9U.0
.002
.009
. 033
.11-J
1C0.0
.002
.008
.0 32
.110
0 IN OB/10O3FT AT 8000FT
50HZ
500HZ
.306
1.004
.520
1.706
• C53
3.143
.717
2.350
.723
3.365
.682
3.336
.no
1.980
.523
1.678
.437
1.370
.367
1. 107
.32S
.926
.308
.831
.309
.770
.320
.763
.334
.750
.345
.745
.352
.734
.356
.720
.357
.703
.355
. 682
.352
.061
.348
.641
.343
.631
.338
.603
.333
.580
.328
.577
.325
.570
. 322
.565
.319
.564
.317
.564
.316
.567
.315
.571
.314
.576
.313
.501
.313
.587
.313
.593
.313
.598
.313
.003
.314
.607
.315
.610
.316
.613
.318
.613
.321
.(>13
.324
.611
. 327
. G08
.321
.005
.321
.606
.321
.607
.320
.608
.320
. 609
-------
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION COEFF ICltNT S FOR 7*63.0 IN LB/'OCCFT AT EOOOFT



ALPHM T,
\


RH(PCT>
16112
31.5Hz
63UZ
12-112
2*0 HZ
500HZ
V.O
.014
.02S
.045
.077
. 174
.587
4.0
.02 4
.014
.Obu
.136
. 305
1 . 003
0.0
.03 0
.057
. 104
.101
. 300
1 .269
8.0
.035
.065
. 120
.21 J
.453
1 . 406
10.0
.03 6
. 069
. 129
.232
. *;S2
1.435
12.0
.016
.063
• 131
.242
.502
1.377
14.0
.034
.065
. 120
.24 i
. 495
1.259
lo.O
.031
.051
. 121
.2 40
. 47b
1. 111
10.0
.027
.055
. 1 13
. 2j 3
. 4f«7
.061
20.0
.023
.048
. 103
.224
.439
.839
22.0
.020
.041
.0 33
.215
.429
.765
24.0
.01 s
. 0 J5
. 0d4
.206
.425
.735
26.0
.013
.030
. 076
. 199
.427
.736
20.0
.010
.025
.069
. 1*2
.431
.756
30.0
.000
.021
.002
.185
.436
.781
32.0
.006
.018
.058
. 160
.439
.802
34.0
.005
.016
.054
.175
.440
.817
36. J
.005
.015
.052
.171
.439
.827
36.0
.004
.014
.050
. 160
.437
.832
40.0
.004
.014
. C49
. 16i
.434
.834
42.0
.004
.014
.0 4^
. 16J
. 433
. 834
44.0
.005
.015
. 049
. 159
.425
.832
46.0
.005
.015
.049
.15/
.420
.829
48.0
.006
.016
.049
.151
.414
.826
50.0
. 006
.016
.049
.152
.409
.023
52.0
.006
.016
.049
.149
.404
.822
£4.0
.006
.016
. O-tb
.146
.393
.823
£6.0
.006
.016
.047
. 14 J
.3*5
.824
biKO
. uOo
.015
.045
.140
.3*0
.827
60.0
.ro'i
.014
. 044
. 13 "*
. 3fcG
.830
62.0
.006
.014
.012
. 133
.362
.834
64.0
.004
.013
.C40
. 130
. 37B
.630
C6.0
-CO 4
.012
. 0 3U
.127
. 373
.642
GG.O
. CC 3
.011
.037
.123
.3P9
.846
70.0
.00 3
.010
.0 3b
. I.'O
.305
.050
72.0
.002
.009
. 0
.116
.3( 1
.653
74.0
.00 2
.006
. 0J1
.113
.157
. 056
76.0
.00 2
.007
.0-50
.110
.352
.1)56
78.0
.1)01
.007
. v: h
. 105
.34 9
.859
60.0
.001
.oos
.0 2V
.103
.344
.661
62.0
.1*01
. COS
. 02b
. too
.033
. 661
6-1.0
.000
¦ 005
. 0?4
.017
. 225
.661
06.0
• 00 0
.00-1
. CV3
.094
.331
.661
tti.O
.00 0
.004
. 'J
.09 1
.357
.860
90. 0
.000
.004
. O'JQ
.OHH
.323
.659
OH.O
.000
. C03
.019
.0:;4
.210
.663
04.0
.000
. 002
. o in
.00 1
. J14
.065
t>0.0
.000
.002
. 016
.079
.309
. C67
rj.o
.000
.001
.Gli,
. 07'j
. 505
. 669
100.0
.000
.000
.013
.07 \
• iC1
.870
-------
ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS FOrt T.06.0 IN OO/IOOOFT AT 8000FT



ALPIU (T
.RH.Ft


RH(PCT)
1GHZ
31.5M2
63H2
12EHZ
350H2
500HZ
9.0
.014
.028
. 054
. 101
.180
.379
4.0
.024
.047
. C j3
. 178
.322
.669
e.c
.030
.0^9
. 1 18
.332
.430
.678
8.0
.032
.064
. 131
.2i>7
.506
1.018
<0.0
.031
.063
. 133
. Sfl5
.560
1.098
13.0
.023
.058
. 120
. 20d
.589
1. 130
14.0
.023
• C50
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-------
APPENDIX E: OCTAVE BAND ANALYSES
OF COAL BLAST MEASUREMENTS
It was shown 1n Reference 4 that near a mine it Is possible to simulate
pressure time histories of surface mining blasts w1h simple (damped sine wave)
mathematical expressions. Fourier analysis of the simulations suggests that
(flat) sound exposure levels should decrease 6 dB per octave. Table XV shows
that there 1s 1n fact some empirical confirmation of this hypothesis.
Accordingly, we use the last column of Table XV to calculate octave band sound
exposure levels from the overall sound exposure level, but only near the blast
site. Similarly, we use the last column 1n Table XVI to calculate the overall
sound exposure level from the peak sound pressure level. In this way we
obtain a practical path connecting peak over pressures to octave band sound
exposure levels.
The preceding results suggest examining peak sound pressure levels 1n
hope of finding sane similar pattern. Table XVII demonstrates that very
nearly the same pattern or regularity (6 dB down per octave) seems to underlie
Tables XV and XVII. Accordingly, we use the last column of Table XVII to
Infer peak octave band sound pressure levels from peak overall sound pressure
levels, but again only near the blast site.
The net result of these considerations 1s that the predictions for peak
overall sound pressures near blast sites Introduced 1n Section III imply
corresponding assertions about octave band sound pressure levels and octave
band sound exposue levels, both of which are needed to predict sound levels
and noise Impact.
The only remaining point 1s that for N delays one must include a factor
10 log N to account for the N acoustic energy doses.
136
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TABLE XV. Flat blasting sound exposure level
differences (octave band minus
overall), dB
Coal blasts
Octave Band		 	
center frequency,
Hertz	EFC P&M 1st UII 2nd UII Average
I
31.5
-5.5
-8.5
-5.3
-4.2
-5.9
63
-7.2
-15.5
-14.3
-5.2
-10.6
125
-12.1
-8.5
-18.4
-15.3
-16.1
250
-16.9
-22.4
-25.9
-25.0
-22.6
500
-18.2
-24.3
-27.7
-44.2
-23.6
TABLE XVI: Flat sound exposure level minus
peak sound pressure level, dB
Coal Blasts
EFC P&M 1st UII 2nd UII Average
¦4.2 -4.7 -4.6	-6.3	-5.0
137
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TABLE XVII: Blasting peak sound pressure
level differences (octave band
minus overall), dB
Coal blasts
Octave Band		
center frequency,
Hertz	EFC P&M 1st UII 2nd UII Average
31.5
-6.2
°8
-6.5
-4.8
-6.3
63
-7.5
-16
-14.5
-5.2
-10.8
125
-11.8
-18.6
-20.4
-13.7
-16.1
250
-18.6
-24
-27
-25.9
-23.9
500
-19
-25.7
-30.5
-41.5
-29.2
|3S
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