REGION VIII
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS & ISSUES
BRIEFING DOCUMENT
FOR
MR. WILLIAM D. RUCKELSHAUS
ADMINISTRATOR
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
MARCH 197 1
-------
qo6'£-7f-0o<)
FOREWORD
This document was prepared to brief the Administrator,
Environmental Protection Agency, Mr. William D. Ruckelshaus,on EPA
organization and staffing in Region VIII plus environmental prob-
lems and issues in the Region as of mid-March 1971. Contributions
were made by all EPA units located in the Region.
We have attempted to be frank in our appraisal of problems
and issues. Because of the approach we have taken in expressing
our views, it is recommended that this document be restricted to
internal use in EPA.
Donald P. Dubois
Interim Regional Coordinator
U.S EPA Region 8 Library s
80C-L ^ I
999 18th SI , Suilc 500
Denver, CO 80202 -2-166
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION I - EPA IN REGION VIII
His to ry
Current Staff and Organization
Staff and Organizational Needs
SECTION II - REGIONAL SUMMARY
Physical Description
Population
Industrial Activity
Government
Environmental Problems
SECTION III - STATE-BY-STATE ANALYSIS
Colorado
Montana
North Dakota
South Dakota
Utah
Wyomi ng
SECTION IV - CURRENT PUBLIC ISSUES
General
Multi-Media
Water Quality
-------
SECTION IV - CURRENT PUBLIC ISSUES (Cont.)
Air Pollution
Solid Wastes
Radiation
Pesti cides
SECTION V - KEY INDIVIDUALS IN REGION VIII
Resumes of EPA Region VIII Officials
Resumes of EPA National Program Officials (WQO, DFI-DC)
State Environmental Program Officials
Environmental Interest Groups and Citizen Leaders
-------
SECTION I
EPA IN REGION VIII
HISTORY
Federal environmental program activities in areas now admini-
stered by EPA began in 1941 with the assignment of a minimal staff
of Public Health Service Officers to Denver. The staff and scope
of activity grew slowly to include water supply* water pollution
control, and general environmental programs such as interstate
carrier sanitation, milk and food sanitation, radiological health,
and minimal activity in air pollution control and solid waste
management. In 1960, the Colorado River Basin Water Quality Control
Project was established with headquarters in Denver to evaluate
water quality problems throughout the basin and to develop recom-
mendations as directed by the Colorado River Enforcement Conference.
In 1963, the South Platte River Enforcement Project staff was estab-
lished with headquarters in Denver to carry out activities specified
in the South Platte Enforcement Conference. With the establishment
of the Federal Water Pollution Control Adminitration in 1966, and
the transfer of this agency from the Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare to the Department of the Interior, Denver was phased out
as a regional office for FWPCA. The staffs of the Colorado River
Basin Enforcement Project and the South Platte River Enforcement
Project, however, remained in Denver and operated as field stations
out of the Southwest and Missouri Basin Regional Offices. The South
Platte Project was subsequently closed and the Colorado River Project
was renamed the Colorado River-Bonneville Basins Office. During this
-------
period of change in the water quality program in Denver, the remain-
ing environmental programs in the Public Health Service continued to
grow slowly. The first regional representative for air pollution
control was added to the staff in 1965, and the first solid waste
management representative came on board in 19GG. In 1970, the
Colorado River-Bonneville Basins office was split in two components,
with approximately 15 personnel continuing to operate as a field
station reporting to the Southwest Region and the remaining approxi-
mately 30 personnel re-formed into the Division of Field Investiga-
tions, reporting directly to the Assistant Commissioner for Enforce-
ment at the Water Quality Office Headquarters in Washington.
CURRENT STAFF AND ORGANIZATION
All EPA staff in Region VIII is located in the Denver metro-
politan area with the exception of 9 assignees to state air pollu-
tion control programs. The Denver EPA staff includes components
of all EPA program areas. A total EPA staff as of March 24 in
Denver is 72. The organization and staffing of the various com-
ponents of EPA in Denver is shown in Figure 1, and a brief resume
of key EPA officials in Denver is contained in Section V. A brief
summary of the mission and scope of activities of each of the EPA
components in Denver is as follows:
EPA Region VIII Components at Federal Building
1. Radiation Office
Staff: Z> Mission: Maintain liaison with Federal,
State, and local radiation control programs and
other agencies, and provide them with technical
assistance and consultation. Evaluate environmental
aspects of facilities and conduct field investigations.
-------
Coordinate regional training in the region provided
by national units. Review and monitor research and
training grants and contracts in region.
2. Air Pollution Control Office
Staff: 5; Mission: Provide financial and technical
support for the development and operation of State
and local air pollution control agencies; function
as a point of contact for universities, research
organizations, industry, and the public; disseminate
information in relation to air pollution; and pro-
mote the attainment of air pollution control goals
and objectives through its contacts with other agencies
and the public.
3. Solid Wastes Office
Staff: 2; Mission: Represent the EPA-Solid Wastes
Management Office in the region in promoting the
development of improved solid waste management and
resource recovery systems to aid in the prevention
of air, water, and land pollution, and to conserve
natural resources. State planning grants are re-
viewed, approved, and monitored; and limited tech-
nical assistance and consultation is provided.
4. Water Quality Office (Division of Water Hygiene)
Staff: 3; Mission: Minimize the effect of water-
borne contaminants upon man's health in the Region
by providing technical assistance to State water
hygiene and Federal agency programs; certify potable
water supplies for use by interstate carriers; and
inventory public water supplies in the Region.
EPA Region VIII Components at Denver Federal Center
1. Water Quality Office (Colorado River-Bonneville
Basins Office)
Staff: 13; Mission: Direct water quality opera-
tional activities related to river basins located
in Arizona, Utah; and portions of Colorado, Wyoming,
Nevada, New Mexico, and California. Provide Federal
coordination and liaison with other Federal, State,
and local authorities.
-------
2. Water Quality Office (EPA Coordinator, Western U. S. Water
Plan Study)
Staff: ?.\ Mission: Represent the EPA on Management
teams directing development of the Western U. S. Water
Plan for the eleven Western States.
3. Pesticides Office (Pesticides Regulation)
Staff: 6; Mission: Protect tine public through the
enforcement of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and
Rodenticide Act of 1947; collect samples of pesticides;
make investigations of pesticide accidents; assist manu-
facturers and dealers in the registration of pesticides;
and cooperate with local and Federal agencies in pesti-
cide matters.
4. Pesticides Office (Pesticides Chemical Laboratory)
Staff: 7; Mission: Perform chemical analyses on pes-
ticide samples to determine violations of the Federal
Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act oF 1947;
and develop pesticide analytical methods.
EPA National Programs at Denver Federal Center
1. Water Quality Office
Division of Field Investigations - Denver Center
Staff: 30; Mission: Under the broad policy guidelines
provided by the Assistant Commissioner - Enforcement
and Standards Compliance - Water Quality Office, plans,
manages and directs a national program of technical
assistance, field investigations and studies of water
pollution problems. Provides governmental, industrial
and institutional coordination and liaison to enhance
water quality.
Provides technical consulative services to the Office
of Enforcement and Standards Compliance, EPA regions,
other Federal agencies, State, and interstate, munici-
pal and public and private entities in planning and
conducting water pollution control activities.
Conducts water quality investigations and provides
expert testimony and advice on a wide variety of
specialized technical subjects in support of the
Office of Enforcement and Standards Compliance in
connection with 180-Day notices, conferences, hear-
ings, court proceedings, and other activities.
-------
Figure 1. EPA ORGANIZATION CHART - REGION VIII
EPA
Office of Administrator
Assistant Adn
linistrators
( ) No- Personnel-each office
* Not Regional Function March 7\
-------
STAFF AND ORGANIZATION NEEDS
The organisation and staffing of EPA activities in Region VIII
suffers from three basic flaws. First, professional staffing is
inadequate in all program areas to properly carry out a strong
reional function. Secondly, central direction and coordination of
EPA activities is lacking at this time. Third, supporting services
such as public information;, personnel, fiscal, and others are totally
lacking at this time. It is essential that each of these three prob-
lem areas be addressed as quickly as possible so that we may begin
to function as a full EPA regional office by July 1, 1971.
-------
SECTION II
REGIONAL SUMMARY
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
The six states of Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South
Dakotaj Utah, and Wyoming form Region VIII as shown in Figures 2
and 3. Region VIII is the second largest of the EPA regions in
land area with a total of over 575,000 square miles. This is over
16% of the total land area of the United States. The topography of
the region is characterized by mountainous areas in the western
portion and rolling plains in the eastern portion. Climate of the
region is arid to semi-arid with major variations as influenced
by topographic features. Elevations range from less than 1,000
feet along the eastern border of North Dakota to greater than
14,000 feet in the peaks of the Rocky Mountains. Lying astride
the Continental Divide, Region VIII is the headwaters for seven
major river basins. These are the Columbia, the Great Basin (Great
Salt Lake and other drainages which do not reach the ocean), the
Colorado, the Rio Grande, the Arkansas, the Missouri, and the
Souris-Red-Rainey.
POPULATION
1970 Census figures show the population of Reqion VIII to
be 5,570,870. This ranks Region VIII as the least populated of
-------
Figure 2. UNITED STATES WITH EPA REGION VI!
-------
Figure 3. EPA REGION VIM
-------
all EPA regions. The population density of Region VIII is 9.7 persons
per square mile as compared with the national average of 57.3 persons
per square mile. The two largest population centers in the Region
are in the Denver metropolitan area with a population of approximately
1.2 million and the Salt Lake City area with a population of approxi-
mately 0.6 million. The population of these two areas alone accounts
for nearly one-third of the total population of the Region. Nine
other communities in the Region are classified as standard metropolitan
statistical areas with populations exceeding 50,000.
INDUSTRIAL ACTIVITY
Food and kindred products is the largest manufacturing activity
in the Region in terms of value added by manufacturing with a total
of 617.8 million dollars in 1967. Food and Kindred products is listed
in the top four manufacturing activities for all states in the region.
The other major manufacturing activities in the Region in order of
value added are machinery (except electrical), transportation equip-
ment, and petroleum and coal products. Although not classified as
a manufacturing activity, recreation is a large industrial activity
throughout the region. Colorado is by far the leading industrial
state in the region followed in order by Utah, Montana, South Dakota,
Wyoming, and North Dakota.
GOVERNMENT
The Federal Government owns approximately 3Z% of the land in
Region VIII. Policies governing the administration of these lands
have varied over the years but have to a large extent been oriented
to the particular mission of the Federal agencies involved, e.g.,
-------
the Bureau of Land Management, the Forest Service, the Bureau
of Indian Affairs, the Department of Defense, and the National Park
Service. These policies were the subject of a major study of the
Public Land Law Review Commission which issued its report in 1970.
The future policy of administration of Federal land in Region VIII
will have a major bearing on environmental quality.
State government in the region is organized along typical lines
found throughout the United States. Reforms have been initiated
in most states in the region to update and streamline their constitu-
tions. Primary attention has been given to reducing the numbers of
Boards and commissions in the executive branch thus strengthening
the powers of the Governor and to modernizing the State Legislature
including more frequent sessions. Rankings of the effectiveness
of State Legislatures in the region by the Ford Foundation as shown
in the February 15, 1971, issue of Time Magazine ranged from 15th
for the State of Utah down to 49th for the State of Wyoming. The
average ranking of Region VIII states was at the median ranking
for all State Legislatures in the nation.
The small population, the high percentage of Federal land
ownership, and the relatively low level of industrial activity
severely limit the tax base in Region VIII states. This limitation,
compounded by the influence of agricultural and other special interests
groups, has resulted in inadequate appropriations for state environ-
mental protection programs. Solutions to this problem of inadequate
resource, in addition to increased state funding,-could include
1) increased Federal funding for environments'! planning grants,
-------
2) authorization for general environmental program grants for all
state environmental programs (no authorization exists for solid
waste program grants), 3) reduced duplication of Federal and state
functions, and 4) increased assignment of Federal employees to
state agencies.
Local government in Region VIII states consists of county and
municipal forms and a few special jurisdictions such as metropolitan
sewer districts and city-county health departments. Traditional
rivalries between state government and local government exist
especially between the large cities and the state government. Respon-
sibility for environmental protection programs is highly dispersed
among agencies of the larger municipalities where water boards,
public works departments, sewer departments, building departments,
health departments, and others may all have a piece of the action.
Environmental programs in smaller communities, to the extent that
it exists, follows a similar pattern with the substance of the
environmental program usually vested in a local health department.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
Region VIII is often pictured nationally as an area essentially
free of environmental problems. This i deal lie view is accurate to
a degree in unpopulated poritions of the region; although, even in
these areas, increasing pressures from recreation seekers, and
resource development activities are posing threats to environmental
quality. Throughout most of the region the facts on environmental
quality do not correspond with the idealized public view. Environ-
mental problems in the region tend to fall into the broad groupings
-------
of community environmental problems and those problems associated
with the extraction and processing or natural resources and with
agricultural activities. Solutions to environmental problems are
complicated by physical factors such as the shortage of water and
the frequency of meteorological conditions which accentuate air
pollution problems. Other barriers to the solution of environmental
problems including financial, political, and organizational problems
are discussed previously in this document.
Paradoxically, community environmental problems in the region are
most severe in the small communities and in the very large communities.
Small communities almost uniformally have inadequate water supply
systems, sewage disposal systems, and solid waste disposal systems.
These inadequacies usually result from the shortage of funds to construct
necessary facilities, a lack of awareness and interest in solving
environmental problems, and isolation from neighboring communities
thus preventing multi-community solutions through pooling of resources.
Environmental problems in the large communities in the region, especially
in the Denver and Salt Lake metropolitan areas, are typical of those
found in communities of similar size throughout the nation. These
problems include multiple sources of air and water pollution, growing
demands for the limited quantities of water available for public water
supplies, inadequacies in the solid waste collection and disposal
programs, and the general problems of noise and congestion associated
with large communities. Solutions to these problems are typically
complicated by multiple political jurisdictions, lack of organization
and leadership to solve problems, and shortages of funds.
-------
Major industrial activities causing environmental problems in
Region VIII include the mining and processing of minerals such as
uranium, lead, copper, silver, molybdenum, iron, coal, bentonite,
phosphate, and petroleum and the harvesting and processing of
agricultural and timber products. The range of pollution problems
associated with the above-described activities is complete. Radia-
tion problems result from the mining and processing of uranium and
from other nuclear activities. Air pollution problems result from
the smelting of non-ferrous metals, the production of steel and
alluminum, the refining of petroleum, the combustion of coal for
power generation and from several agricultural and timber processing
activities. Water pollution problems stem from most of these activi-
ties with special emphasis on mine and mill wastes and upon wastes
from such agricultural sources as irrigation return drainage, food
processing plants, and animal feed lots. Solid wastes are generated
in large quantities in each of these industrial activities. Pesti-
cides are used widely in agricultural activities of the region and
have, in a number of cases, resulted in environmental problems.
Solutions to environmental problems caused by industrial activities
in the region are often complicated by the highly dominant nature of
the industry in question upon the area or the entire state in which
it is located. Examples are the copper mining and smelting activities
of the Kenecott Corporation in Utah, the mining and smelting oT
copper, lead, silver, and zinc of the Anaconda Corporation in Montana,
and the gold mining and processing of the Homestake Mine Company in
-------
South Dakota. In each case, the company in question has operated
for several decades, is a major employer and contributor to the economy
of the state, and is a major influence in setting public policy in
the state.
-------
SECTION III
STATE-BY-STATE ANALYSIS
This section contains a description of the major
environmental problems by type in each state in Region VIII.
The description is preceded by a State map, a State Data
Profile Sheet, and an Environmental Program Summary Sheet.
-------
CulOkaDu
-------
STATE DATA PROFILE
COLORADO
Capital City— Denver
1970 Population:
Land Area:
Population Density:
Population Centers:
Federal Land:
Leading manufacturing
acti vi ties:
2,207,259 (29 rank in U.S.)
103,797 sq. mi. (8 rank in U.S.)
21 persons per sq. mi. (39 rank in U.S.)
Denver Metro Area - 1,223,142
Colorado Springs - 228,572
Pueblo - 117,212
36.3% of total
1. Food and Kindred Products - $310.7 mil
2. Machinery (Except Electrical) - 254.1 mil
3. Transportation Equipment - 134,5 mil
4. Aircraft and Parts - 119.3 mil
Governor:
U. S. Senators:
U. S. Representatives:
Legislature:
Newspapers:
Televis ion:
Radio:
John R. Love (R)
Peter H. Dominick (R)
Gordon L. A1lott (R)
2 Republican - 2 Democrat
1. House (Rep.), Senate (Rep.)
2. Meets Annually
3. Ranked 28 by Ford Foundation
1. 28 Dai 1ies
2. Denver Post and Rocky Mountain News (Denver)
have largest circulation.
11 Stations, Denver stations are KOA, KL.Z,
KWGN, KRMA, and KBTV.
94 Stations
Per Capita Personal Income (1 959): $36C4 (Ranked 20 in U.S.)
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS SUMMARY - COLORADO
item
Responsible State
Agency(s)
State FY 70 Manpower
State FY 70 Budget
FY 70 £PA Program estate
Planning Grants Local
FY 70 EPA Research,
Training, and
Demo Grants
FY 70&71 Expended
EPA Const. Grants
% of FY 70&71
Entitlement
State Program 1
Status
Water Quality
1. Health Dept.
2. Water Pollution
Control Comm.
22
2.
3.
4.
$286,800
$ 85,000
None
$249,600
$8,903,000
55%
Need increased
staff & budget,
comprehensive
planning, state
C. G. Matching
Program, improved
survei11ance.
Water Quality Stds.
approved.
Intrastate Stds.
partially developed
State Program
approved, rated
marginal.
Air Pollution
1. Health Dept.
2. Air Pollution
Control Comm.
State 16
Local 49
StateSl08,000
Local$272,000
State$127,000
Local$382,500
$108,000
N/A
N/A
Good air
quality and
emission stds.
New management
positions cre-
ated by 1970
legislation
recently filled.
Program i s
expected to
improve and become
more effective.
Solid Wastes
Health Dept.
1-F*, 5-P*
$41,800
State $24,300
Local None
$13,300
N/A
N/A
1. State Sol id
Wastes plan
completed.
2. Need to
strengthen
program.
Radi ation
Health Dept.
18
$161,100
314(D)$ 59,500
Contracts$17,900
*F=rU11 Time
*P=Part Time
$43,683
(CSU Indoor
Radon Study)
N/A
N/A
1. USAEC
Agreement
State
2. Strong Pro-
gram.
Pesti ci des
Agri cul-
tural Dept.
2 equiv.
full time
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
-------
COLORADO
Radi ati on
Since the early 1940's. Colorado's environmental radiation prob-
lems have multiplied with the growing development of nuclear energy.
Three active and eight non-active uranium refineries are located on
the State's Western Slope. This industry's chief problem is the
management of its milling wastes which have generated a total of
17-mi11ion tons of mill tailings and millions of gallons of radio-
active liquid mill effluents injected to surface waters. Over
200,000 tons of tailings from the Climax Uranium Mill in Grand
Junction were used as a building construction material in that
city. Several thousand homes must now be evaluated for indoor
radiation exposure levels and weighed against the Surgeon General's
protective action guidelines to insure public health.
The Plowshare program, which develops peaceful uses of atomic
energy, has sponsored a natural gas stimulation experiment in Colorado
(Rulison). This event precipitated lengthy U. S. District Court
hearings where a summary ruling affirmed the Court's continuing
jurisdiction over the Rulison experiment. A second gas stimulation
project (Rio Blanco) is planned for 1972.
A major fire at the Dow Chemical operated AEC Rocky Flats plant
caused State-wide public concern over the alleged escape of plutonium
used at the Dow facility, into offsite areas. AEC denials of the
escape of radioactivity were challenged when plutonium was found in
offsite areas by a privately endowed environmental activist group
(Colorado Committee on Environmental Information).
-------
After initial concern over water and air pollution problems
presented by unstabilized uranium mi 11-tailings piles, the Colorado
Health Department in 1966 adopted special regulations to enable the
control and disposition of uranium mill tailings. During 1969, a
cooperative "in-depth" study with the EPA was initiated to evaluate
possible human exposures to radioactivity in the indoor atmospheres
of habitable structures constructed with uranium mill tailings. The
Health Department has built extensive laboratory capabilities and
professional staff to cope with the public's demand for an independent
radiation surveillance program. The State's radiation control budget
was $238,000 in FY-70, which included $77,000 Federal monies from EPA
and DHEW. A two-year research grant with Colorado State University
was funded for $43,656 during FY-70 by EPA to enable the development
of indoor radon control methods applicable to the Grand Junction
situation. The Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory (SWRHL)
has supported the State program with technical assistance in all
problem areas. This included the provision of plutonium analytical
services, which enabled the identification of offsite plutonium con-
tamination at Rocky Flats. The SWRHL is also carrying on an extensive
Rulison environmental surveillance program in liaison with the State.
Continuing cooperation between the EPA and the Colorado Department
of Health should be encouraged to get maximum benefit from available
resources in both agencies.
Solid Waste
Colorado's municipal solid waste problems are similar to other
communities in the nation. The amount of waste generated is increasing
-------
and only 9 out of 290 land disposal sites are operated as sanitary
landfilis.
A major step in improving operations in the state was the com-
pletion in June 1970 of the state solid waste management plan. The
plan, although acceptable in many respects, does need strengthening
and under a renewal grant a stronyer action program is being developed.
Slag piles from mining operations and agricultural v/ast.e, such
as feed lot manure, create special problems in Colorado. The state
has been encouraged to conduct a comprehensive survey and develop a
management plan for these wastes with the assistance of a planning
grant.
A proposed bill in the State Legislature requires state approval
of plans and specifications for new refuse disposal sites. Passage
of this bill appears likely. Although not many new sites are contem-
plated in the near future, the bill will aid the state in their pro-
gram to improve landfill operations.
Recycling of solid waste in the Denver area has considerable
support. The Adolph Coors Company has been a leader in this area
with their aluminum beer can recycling program. Other companies and
new community organizations are also initiating recycling programs.
These programs not only aid in reducing the amount of waste for dis-
posal, but they also draw attention to the solid waste problem and
aid in improving current methods of disposal.
Air Pollution
State-wide air pollution problems are oriented primarily toward
particulate matter emissions. Major point source emitters of particulates
-------
include a steel mill in Pueb'lo» several sugar beet, refineries, and 5
coal-fired electric power generating plants located in the metropoli-
tan areas of Denver, Colorado Springs, and Grand Junction. State-wide
power generation accounts for 19.5% of the particulate emissions.
The particulate pollution problem, however, in the Denver Metropolitan
area is heavily outweighed in terms of quantity and potential effect, by
gaseous emissions from mobile sources. Source emission data illustrating
these differences are shown in the following table;
Source Emission^ Data - Denver Metropolitan Area
Power Industrial Refuse
Source Transportation Generation Process Loss Combustion
Pollutant
(tonsAyr.)
Particulates 6,400 7,900 3,800 18,100
CO 589,000 500 25,200 152,900
HC 111,000 200 13,200 17,500
N0X 19,900 23,100 3,600 7,400
S0X 3,000 14f900 6,400 200
Aldehydes 1,200 10 40 2,700
The Denver Region suffers from this preponderance of mobile emissions
because (1) it is the State's largest urbanized area; (2) it has one of
the nation's highest "cars per capita" ratio (0.52); and (3) it has an
ineffective rapid mass transportation system, thus promoting single
occupant commuting by car. To combat these ills, the Denver Metropolitan
Regional Transportation District was formed and is now seeking legis-
lative authority to formulate a master plan for regional transportation
needs. Any workable plan will have to include consideration of a mass
rapid transportation system, elimi nation of downtown traffict or both.
As an interim measure a vehicle licensing svstem based on the number of
car occupants for commuting purposes should bo considered. Such a system
woulo encourage tar pools ana increased use of mass transit (buses).
-------
Water Quality
Water quality problems in Colorado are related mainly to the rapid
urbanization along the Front Range; to mining and mineral processing
activities; to agriculture, including irrigation return flows, feed-
lots, and sugar beet refining; and to the rapid increase in recreational
activities affecting the State's pristine waters.
The largest population growth in the Region is occurring in the
Denver Metropolitan area and other metropolitan areas along the Front
range of the Rocky Mountains. It is essential that a comprehensive
plan for the development and use of water resources in this area be
developed. The Denver Regional Council of Governments is currently
applying for a Section 3(c) River Basin Planning Grant in conjunction
with a proposal for Project CURE.
Abandoned mines in Southwestern Colorado are degrading water
quality in the area. The State is planning to apply for an EPA mine
drainage control demonstration grant.
Salinity (dissolved minerals) is the most serious water quality
problem in the Colorado River Basin. The major salt load to the river
comes from sources in Colorado. Since 1963 the Colorado River Basin
Enforcement Conference lias conducted investigations which have led to
the Salinity Control Report. The majority of the salinity control pro-
jects recommended in this report are located in Colorado. The seventh
conference session is planned for mid-1971 to release the report ana
discuss its recommendations.
Wastes from sugar beet processing plants were one of the main
reasons for convening the South Platte River Basin Enforcement Confer-
ence. These discharges are scheduled for compliance by June 30, 1971.
-------
Field investigations are planned for the fall of 1971, during the
sugar beet processing season, to determine if these and other pollution
sources.in the Basin have been abated.
Rapid development of recreation facilities and related homesite
subdivision is threatening high quality water resources in Colorado's
mountain environment. The large percentage of federal ownership makes
it essential that federal agencies set an example for environmental pro-
tection .
There has been and continues to be a lack of environmental consider-
ations in planning water resources development. This is particularly true
in Colorado, Wyoming, Utah and Montana. Availability of water by location
and type of use will dictate growth in the state arid the quality of its
environment. The Department of the Interior's Bureau of Reclamation is
now preparing a water plan for the 11 western states? including Colorado.
The EPA now has a coordinator on the management team and is requesting
support for an active role in this study.
Colorado has 371 public water supplies serving 2 million people
(90% of the population) of which: (1) 14% (serving 1% of the population)
do not meet the drinking water standardsl (2) 22% (serving 2.6% of the
population) do not disinfect their supplies;, and (3) 30.5% (serving 9.7%
of the population) do not have adequate treatment.
Denver is outgrowing its water supply so rapidly that water-
officials are predicting that major reuse of waste water effluent will
be necessary by 1980. However, downstream users have filed a suit
against the Denver Water Board maintaining that any wastewater must be
returned to the stream. The outcome of this case will set a precedent
-------
for reuse proposals nationwide.
Molybdenum concentrations in excess of 0.3ppm are present in one
of the major doir.estic water supply reservoirs for Denver. The Denver
Water Board is conducting research to evaluate the effort of this upon
public health. Concentrations of radioactivity (from natural sources)
exceeding recommended limits are present in the ground water in the
Pueblo, Colorado area.
Pesti ci des
The Colorado Pesticides Law is administered by the Colorado
Department of Agriculture. This law requires the registration of all
pesticides sold within the State. A portion of the law requires all
commercial applicators of pesticides, except household services, to ob-
tain a license from the State. Areas of high pesticide usage in the
State include Grand Junction for fruits, Alamosa,, Pueblos and Denver
for vegetables, and Eastern Colorado for cattle production and dryland
farming. A major concern of the State is the refusal of the Federal
Government to release information on the investigation of accidents
in Colorado.
-------
MONTANA
-------
STATE DATA PROTILE
MONTANA
Capital City - Helena
1970 Population:
Land Area:
Population Density:
Population Centers:
Federal Land:
Leading manufacturing
activ ities:
Governor:
U. S. Senators:
U. S. Representatives
Legi siature:
Newspapers:
Televis ion:
Radio:
694,409 (43 rank in U.S.)
147,138 sq.'mi. (4 rank in U.S.)
4.7 persons per sq. mi. (47 rank in U.S.)
Billings - 86,109
Great Falls - 79,743
29.6% of total
1 . Lumber and Wood Products
2. Food and Kindred Products
3. Sawmills & Planing Mills
4. Petroleum and Coal Products
- $85.3 mil
- 55.2 mil
- 53.3 mil
- 43.5 mil
Forrest Anderson (D)
Michael J. Mansfield (D)
Lee Metcalf (D)
1 Republican - 1 Democrat
1. House (Rep.), Senate (Dem.)
2. Meets every 2 years.
3. Ranked 41 by Ford Foundation
1. 16 Dai 1ies
2. Butte Standard, Great Falls Tribune, 1-1 elena
Independent Record, Bi11inqs Gazette have
the largest circulation.
10 Stations, KBLL-Helena; KOOK-Billings;
and KULR-Great Falls
47 Stations
Per Capita Personal Income (1969): $3130 (Ranked 32 in U.S.;
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS SUMMARY
Item
Responsible State
Agancy(s)
Water Quality
Dept. of Health
Water Pollution
Control Council
Air Pollution
Health Dept. Air
Pollution Control
Advisory Council
State FY 70 Manpower
State FY /0 Budget
FY 70 EPA Program State
& Planning Grants Local
FY 70 EPA Research
Training, & Demo
Grants
FY 70&71 Expended
EPA Const. Grants
% cf Fv 70&71
Enti 11ement
State Program
Status
2.
3.
5.
$123,000
$ 39,900
None
$115,800
$4,011,000
54%
Inadequate budget
and staff.
Good legal basis
for Water Quality
Control but no
resources to
implement.
Interstate stds.
ful ly approved.
Intrastate stds.
conipl ete.
Program approved
and rated marg-
inal .
State
Local
State
Local
State
Local
6
r
0
$52,500
$28,000
$55,000
$43,000
2.
3.
$118,000
N/A
N/A
Consultation held
on state-wide re-
gional i zaticn.
Good air quality
and emission stds.
Good state program,
staff has grown to
11 .
MONTANA
Solid Wastes
Radi ation
Pesti ci cle:
Health Deot.
Health Dept.
2-F*, 5-P*
$30,500
$28,200
$14,100
314(D) $ 4,200
1. Agricul
tural
Dept.
2. Stata
Health
Dept.
less than
1 equiv.
full time.
N/A
N/A
$52,700
N/A
N/A
N/A
1 . State Sol id
Waste plan
completed.
2. Need to up-
grade program
status in
department.
*F=Ful1 Time
*P=Part Time
2.
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Has compre-
hensive
radiation
control rules
and regulations.
Adequate program.
-------
MONTANA
Radi atjon
During 1970, an environmental radioactive problem has been as-
sociated with phosphate ore processing plants. West of the Mississippi
River, this industry is limited to the States of Montana and Idaho.
Montana has two plants? while Idaho has three. State and USAEC studies
conducted in Idaho outlined the potential radiation problem a given ore
processing plant can present. Since phosphate ore contains small amounts
of uranium, certain decay elements are volatized during tile ore milling
process. This leads to ambient air levels of radioactive polonium that
should be monitored to assure that neighboring communities are not af-
fected.
The EPA's Southwestern Radiological health Laboratory (SWRHL)
hosted a meeting in Las Vegas, Nevada, where the phosphate ore pro-
cessing problem was discussed. The Montana radiation protection pro-
grain is planning to request SWRHL assistance to identify any environ-
mental radiation problem with their phosphate industry although popu-
lation near the two plants in question do not call for immediate con-
cern if a problem does exist.
Cooperative surveillance efforts between the State and the t'PA's
SWRHL should be encouraged.
Solid Waste
Of 514 municipal land disposal sites in Montana only 14 are oper-
ated satisfactorily. The State plan was completed in June 1970, and a
time schedule for conversion of dumps to sanitary landfills based on
population wo.s developed for communities in the State. Larger communities
-------
would be the first ones required to convert their dumps.
Most communities in the State are faced 'With the problem of "What
to do with old automobile bodies?" During the 41st Legislative Assembly,
the Senate passed a resolution directing the State Department of Health
to develop a solution to this problem. The State Department of Health
r»
is currently working with the State Chamber of Commerce toward this
end.
Recently, the State has shown interest in elevating the level of
the solid waste program in the Health Department and adding to its
staff. Additional staff would be used to develop a plan for disposal
of hazardous waste and to provide training, primarily at the operator
level.
Ai r Pol 1 uti on_
Air pollution problems in Montana are primarily the result of non-
ferrous metal refining and the forest products industry both centered
in the western one-third of the State.
Copper and other heavy metal smelting at Helena, Anaconda, Great
Falls, and Butte, and aluminum smelting at Columbia Falls are major
emitters of metallic substances, which have found their way into the
surrounding environs. The suspected environmental contamination from
the Helena operation resulted in a recently completed study by the
former Consumer Protection and Environmental Health Service. Another
study by the EPA is undenvay in Glacier National Park and Forest to
determine the effects of fluoride emissions from the Columbia Falls
aluminum smelter.
Problems from the forest products industry are mainly particulate
-------
in nature, except for those in connection with the pulp mill operation
at Missoula, where emissions contain large amounts of hydrogen sulfide?
an odor causing substance. The.other primary sources related to the
forest products industry include numerous tee pee burners and slash
burning. This latter source is of major concern because of intrastate,
interstate, and international implications. In addition, there is some
question as to the necessity of this practice. Because much of .the
slash burning is done on Federally owned property, the EPA should sup-
port an immediate and impartial study of all aspects of slash burning.
Also of special interest in Montana is the operation of the Rocky
Mountain Phosphate Company at Garrison. In 1967 this industry's prob-
lems and lack of cooperation with the State Agency caused former
Governor Babcock to request an intrastate abatement action in accord-
ance with provisions in the Clean Air Act. The action resulted in
closure of the plant for a period of time and caused subsequent in-
stallation of control equipment. Today, the plant is in operation
but is still the subject of complaints from area residents. An official
status of compliance with the abatement conference recommendations
should be determined by EPA in conjunction with the Montana State
Department of Health. This would serve to close out the original
abatement action or prove to be the basis for additional enforcement
proceedings.
Water Quality
Montana is principally an agricultural and mining state with
water pollution problems closely associated with these activities.
Heavy Metal Contamination discharges from mining and ore concentrating
-------
operations of the Anaconda Company, centered in the Anaconda-Butte
areas are exceeding prescribed limits in the Clark Fork River as far
down stream as 115 miles. Region X is presently conducting field in-
vestigations with future control depending partly on EPA's forthcoming
discharge criteria for heavy metals. The present water quality stand-
ards compliance date is July 1 , 1972.
Wastes from cattle feedlots are one of the major water pollution
problems in the state. Proposed feedlot waste discharge permit regu-
lations in Montana are causing considerable anxiety and controversy
within the ranks of the Montana Cattlegrowers Association. State
Water Pollution Control personnel expect to encounter strong oppo-
sition during the forthcoming public hearings and Board of Health
deliberations on the proposed regulations. The State hopes for adoption
of the feedlot permit regulations during July 1971.
Montana has 198 public water systems serving 412,000 people or
60% of the population. The remaining 40% are served by private supplies
the large majority of which do not meet drinking water standards.
There is a serious lack of emphasis on the water supply program in
the state. Several public supplies have had no sanitary survey or
chemical analysis for 7-10 years, and some not at all.
Pesti ci des
Pesticides and their usage in Montana are regulated by the
"Montana Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act of 1947. However,
this act is not effective in regulating the use and selling of pesti-
cides. To compensate for the weak act many private groups are working
closely with Montana State University and government agencies to obtain
-------
the best possible benefits from pesticides.
-------
NORTH DAKOTA
-------
STATE DATA PROFILE
NORTH DAKOTA
Capital City - Bismarck
1970 Population:
Land Area:
Population Density:
Population Centers:
Federal Land:
Leading manufacturing
act i vities:
Governor:
U. S. Senators:
U. S. Representatives:
Legisi a ture:
Newspapers:
Television:
617,761 (45 rank in U.S.)
70.665 sq. mi. (17 rank in U.S.)
8.7 persons per sq. mi. (43 rank in U.S.)
Fargo-Moorhead - 118,555
Bismarck - 34>703
4.7% of total
1. Food and Kindred Products - $39.9 mil.
2. Printing and Publishing - 14.6 mil.
3. Machinery (Except Electrical ) - 11.8 mil.
4. Newspapers - 11,7 mil.
William L. Guy (D)
Milton R. Young (R)
Quentin N. Burdick (D)
1 Republican - 1 Democrat
1. House (Rep.), Senate (Rep.)
2. Meets every two years
3. Ranked 22 by Ford Foundation
1. 10 Dai 1ies
2. The Forum and Bismarck Tribune
have largest circulation.
13 Stations. KFYR and KXMB in Bismarck
Radio: 38 Stations
Per Capita Personal Income (1969): $301? (Ran|
-------
tNVIRONMtNiAL PROGRAMS SUMMARY - NORTH DAKOTA
item
Water Quality
Air Pollution
Solid Wastes
Radi ation
Responsible State
£ genc.y(s)
Dept. of Health
Water Pollution
Board.
Health Dept. Air
Pollution Control
Advi sory Counci1 .
Health Deot.
Health Dept.
State FY 70 Manoower
1-F, 8-P
State FY 70 Budget
FY 70 EPA Program & State
Planning Grants Local
FY 70 EPA Research,
Training, and
Demo Grants
FY 70S-71 Expended
EPA Const. Grants
% of FY /0&71
tnt.i tlanient
State Program
Status
$105,200
$ 34,400
None
None
$12,000
SI 5,000
$1,104,000
15%
1. Inadequate staff 4.
and budget,
2. Meed feed lot
regulations,
i ncreased
survei11ance,
water quality
planning, state
C. G. Matching
Program and
improved enforce-
ment .
3. Interstate Stds.
approved. Intra-
state stds. part-
ial ly developed
State
Program
approved,
rated
margin-
al .
None
N/A
N/A
1. Adequate
air qual -
ity and
emi ssion¦
standards.
2. Need addi-
tional staff
or method
for state-
wide enforce-
ment.
$32,600 „ Si 7,800
$16,300 314(D)$l7,400
Contract None
2.
None
.N/A
N/A
State Solid
Waste plan
70% complete.
Need to up-
grade program
status in
department.
*F=Full Time
P=Part Time
N/A
N/A
1 . USAEC
Agree-
ment
State.
2. Adequate
program.
Pesti ci oes
Agri cul-
tural Dept
less than
1 equiv.
full time.
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
-------
NORTH DAKOTA
Radiation
The uraniferous lignite ashing industry in North Dakota has
represented the most significant contribution to radioactive pol-
lution in the State. At one time four industrial companies have
operated lignite ashing facilities in the State. These are not now
in operation. Future demands for uranium fuel may cause the resumption
of uranium extraction from the vast lignite reserves in the State and
thereby create new environmental radiation problems for the State to
cope with. If uraniferous lignite ashing is resumed, the EPA should
be prepared to identify the impact this industry will have on the
environment and obviate any impacts from occurring.
The State is equipped with laboratory facilities and staff
sufficient to conduct a surveillance program.
Solid Waste
The North Dakota state solid waste survey completed in March 1968
showed that only 28 sites out of 412 were operated as sanitary landfills
and that 92% of the communities practice burning at their dumps. Ef-
fective July 1, 1970, open burning of refuse was prohibited in the state.
As a result, many communities are seeking assistance in improving their
disposal operations. The course entitled "Elements of Solid Waste
Management" was held in September 1970, at Bismarck and the "Mission
5000" course on closing dumps is scheduled for June 15, 1971, also at
Bismarck. Ihe development of the state plan, which encourages joint
community and county-wide solid waste management systems, is nearing
completion.
-------
Air Pollutj on
The air pollution problems in North Dp.kota center around agri-
cultural operations, a limited petroleum refining industry, and
electric power generation. Agricultural activities including grain-
handling, field burning-, concentrated livestock feeding, and alfalfa
dehydrating contribute to the total pollution loading. Regulations
exist covering particulate emissions from these activities, but due
¦to staff size and the scattered distribution of sources, effective
enforcement has not occurred. However, steps are being taken to
delegate certain enforcement powers to local governments? which
should alleviate the problem to a great degree.
Gaseous emissions in the form of odors from many operations
remain uncontrolled. A State Attorney General's opinion prohibits
regulation of odors, except where actual detrimental health effects
can be shown. The EPA must point out that such an opinion is incon-
sistent with the Federal Clean Air Act.
Problems in the petroleum refining industry mainly involve the
gaseous emission of hydrogen sulfide, an odorous substance which can
cause both material and health effects. This problem is largely the
result of poor operational practice. Specific regulations covering
such emissions should be developed. In this regard CPA criteria for
hydrogen sulfide are needed.
Power generation problems center around the use of native de-
posits of lignite, a soft, high ash content coal, as a source of fuel.
High levels of particulate emissions can result if proper control
measures are not utilized. Since these deposits are so wide-spread
-------
and readily available, research into better methods of combustion and
control should be investigated, possibly with EPA support.
Water Quality
The major pollution problems are associated with agricultural
activities and discharges from municipalities in this sparcely popu-
lated state. One enforcement conference has been convened in the
State for the Red River of the North.
Inadequately treated waste from municipalities along the Red
River of the North comprise the major water pollution problem in the
State. Discharges from the City of Fargo are causing violations of
water quality standards. A 180-day notice was issued on 5-19-70 and
a hearing was held on 7-10-70. Subsequently the city has applied for
a construction grant to upgrade existing facilities to secondary
treatment.
Eutrophic Conditions in the Souris River reflect the need for
corrective measures. The source of nutrients, oxygen-demanding
materials and other pollutants which degrade water quality include
municipal and industrial waste discharges, natural runoff, agricul-
tural runoff including feedlot drainage, irrigation return flows,
urban runoff, decaying vegetation in shallow impoundments, and large
flocks of migrating waterfowl.
Salinity in the Souris River Basin is approaching upper limits
of the desirable criteria specified in the Public Health Service
Drinking Water Standards and are approaching threshhold limits for
impairment of irrigation uses- The importation of water from the
Missouri River Basi n by the proposed Garrison Diversion Irrigation
-------
Project will increase these concentrations unless adequate salinity
control measures are incorporated into the Project plan.
Approximately 385,000 people or 61% of the State's population
are served by 207 public water supplies. About 95% of these systems
are not disinfected.
254,000 people are being served by private or semi-private sys-
tems, many of which do not meet drinking water standards. A large
number do not send water samples to the state for bacteriological
and chemical analysis. A level of nitrates higher than the recom-
mended limit (45mg/l) are present in many of the shallow wells.
Pestj cj qes
North Dakota has a pesticides law patterned after the Federal Act
of 1947, but the State law does not cover applicators or dealers of
pesticides. The State registers about 2500 pesticides and collects
and analyzes approximately 100 pesticide samples annually.
-------
SOUTH DAKOTA
-------
STATE DATA PROFILE
SOUTH DAKOTA
Capital City - Pierre
1970 Population:
Land Area:
Population Density:
Population Centers:
657,096 (44 rank in U. S.)
77,047 sq. mi. (16 rank in U. S.)
8.6 persons per sq. mile (44 rank in U. S.)
Sioux Falls - 95,271
Federal Land:
Leading manufacturing
activities:
of total
1. Food and Kindred Products - $95.0 mil
2. Meat Products - 48.6 mil
3. Dairy Products - 23.8 mil
4. Printing and Publishing - 15.8 mil
Governor:
U. S. Senators
Richard F. Kneip (D)
Karl E. Mundt (R)
George S. McGovern (D)
U. S. Representatives: 2 Democrat
Leg i s1ature:
Newspapers:
Television:
Radio:
1. House (Rep), Senate (Rep)
2. Meets Annually
3. Ranked 17 by Ford Foundation
1. 12 Dai 1ies
2. Rapid City Daily Journal and Sioux City Daily
Argus-Leader have largest circulation
14 Stations - KTSD-TV in Pierre
44 Stations
Per Capita Personal Income (1969). $3027 (Ranked 36 in U. S.)
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS SUMMARY
Item Water Quality Air Pollution
Responsible State Health Dept. Health Dept.
Agency(s) Committee on Air Pollution
Water Pollution. Control Comm.
State FY 70 Manpower 13 0
State FY 70 Budget
FY 70 EPA Program & State
Planning Grants Local
FY 70 EPA Research
Training, and Demo
Grants
FY 70&71 Expended EPA
Construction Grants
% of FY 70&71
Enti tlement
State Program
Status
$146,700
$ 41,165
$92,000 (3(c)
Grant awarded
FY 71)
0
0
$148,100
$424,000
5%
1. Inadequate budget
and staff.
2. Need improved reg-
ulations, surveil-
lance, enforcement,
and salary levels.
3. Interstate stds. ap-
proved except non-
degradation policy.
4. Intrastate standards
partially developed.
5. Approved rated marg-
inal .
$11,500
N/A
N/A
1. Newly created
state program
with only
enabling legis-
lation.
2. State now has
program grant
and staff of
two.
3. Need additional
staff and overall
program improve-
ment.
SOUTH DAKOTA
Solid Wastes'
Health Dept.
Radi ation
Health Dept.
Pesticides
Agri cul-
tural Dept
1-F* 5-P*
$17,200
$17,200
$13,300
314(D)$12,700
Contract None
less than
1 equiv.
full time
N/A
N/A
None
N/A
N/A
N/A
1 . State Sol id
Waste Plan 50%
complete.
2. Need to upgrade
program status
in department.
N/A N/A
N/A N/A
Has radiation
control rules
and regulations.
Need to
strengthen
program.
* F= Full Time
P= Part Time
-------
SOUTH DAKOTA
Radiation
One uranium mill equipped for first-stage processing of
uranium ore is located less than one block from the City of
Edgemont, South Dakota. There are potential radiation hazards
to this city of 2,000 inhabitants such as mill discharges of
radioactive liquid and airborne wastes in addition to leaching
and wind erosion of the mill's tailings pile which is now over
one million tons in size.
The EPA1s Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory and
Water Quality Office have made environmental surveys in the
Edgemont area to determine any radioactive hazards. Some water
pollution problems were uncovered which are now being reevaluated
by a planned water quality survey. The State has maintained close
liaison with the mill owners and has their assurances that no
tailings will be moved off-site. The State eventually wants these
tailings to be moved to a nearby open pit uranium mine that is
large enough to contain the volume of tailings in question although
no State regulatory authority now exists to effect this removal.
Current State sentiments are against any in-place stabilization
of the tailings as they feel this will only perpetuate the problem.
South Dakota would benefit from a positive Federal policy
concerning the control and disposition of uranium mill tailings.
-------
Solid Waste
Solid waste management in South Dakota is in need of great
improvement. A recent survey of 387 land disposal sites showed
that only 1 site was considered acceptable. Compounding the
problem is the fact that solid waste activities at the State level
have a very low priority compared to other environmental programs,
and the development of the State solid waste plan has been
progressing at a very slow rate. Passage of a new proposed State
solid waste disposal act is the first step necessary to improve
solid waste practices in the State.
Air Pollution
Air pollution problems in South Dakota are relatively minor
in nature and scattered in location. The major point source of
particulate matter emissions is power generation. Other source
categories include agricultural operations, municipal refuse burning,
and the handling of petroleum products.
Very little has been done toward controlling these emissions.
The primary reason is that enabling authority for air pollution
control has only been in effect since July 1, 1970. Presently
a staff is being recruited, regulations are being formulated, an
air monitoring network is being established, and a source emission
inventory is being initiated. The EPA will provide as much assistance
as necessary regarding the above activities. Already, the EPA has
provided advice with regard to new power generating facilities and
is in the process of negotiating a contract to gather source
emission information on a State-wide basis.
-------
Water Qua!i ty
The major water quality problems wide-spread throughout the
State are those associated with agricultural and mining activities.
In addition, there are problems associated with wastes from feed-
lot operations and the numerous packing plants.
Homestake Mine Company at Lead, South Dakota is the major
water polluter in the State and also a major contributor to the
State's economy with a gross of over $7 million per day. The
largest gold producer in the United States, this company has been
discharging raw domestic and industrial wastes for 92 years. It
presently discharges in excess of 3000 tons of sediment and 200
lbs. of cyanide directly to Whitewood Creek per day. The sediment
discharges are rapidly filling the Cheyenne arm of the Oahe
reservoir. This reservoir is the major water body in South Dakota
and is heavily used for recreation and fishing as well as irrigation,
power, etc. The company has cooperated in reducing their discharge
of mercury from in excess of 12 lbs. per day to zero, but is
recalcitrant about taking measures to reduce the sediment and
cyanide discharges until 1973. The State is not willing to force
the issue but is not against the Water Quality Office taking
enforcement action against this company. The Water Quality Office
has held informal conferences with the company in an attempt to get
the sediment and cyanide discharges reduced. If the results of
these conferences fail to get action, then formal enforcement
procedures may be necessary.
-------
South Dakota has 286 public water supplies serving 397,000
people (60% of the population) of which: (1) 52% (serving 14% of
the population) do not disinfect their water supplies; and (2) 35%
do not meet bacteriological standards. An evaluation of the water
supply program in the State is planned during FY 1972.
Only 5% of the 68,000 private water supplies serving 274,000
people meet bacteriological standards. High nitrate levels
(greater than 45mg/l) are present in many of the shallow walls.
Pesticides
The State Department of Agriculture enforces the State
pesticides act which is patterned after the Federal act of 1947.
Approximately 3500 pesticides are registered annually by the
State. As is the case in most of the sparsely populated Rocky
Mountain States, very little time is devoted to pesticides control.
During 1970 the State Department of Agriculture collected and
analyzed 250 pesticide products.
-------
UTAH
-------
STATE DATA PROFILE
UTAH
Capital City - Salt Lake City
1970 Population:
Land Area:
Population Density:
Population Centers:
1,051,810 (36 rank in U. S.)
84,916 sq. mi". (11 rank in U. S.)
12.5 persons per sq. mile (42 rank in U. S.)
Salt Lake City
Provo-Orem
Ogden
556,896
137,675
124,035
Federal Land:
Leading manufactoring
activities:
Governor:
U. S. Senators:
U. S. Representatives
Legislature:
Newspapers:
Television:
Radio:
66.5 % of total
1. Food and Kindred Products $102.9 mil
2. Transportation Equipment 90.2 mil
3. Machinery, Except Electrical 53.3 mil
4. Petroleum and Coal Products 50.8
Calvin L. Rampton (D)
Wallace F. Bennett (R)
Frank E. Moss (D)
1 Republican - 1 Democrat
1. House (Dem), Senate (Rep)
2. Alternate years in session or fiscal session
(20 days)
3. Ranked 15 by Ford Publication
1. 5 dailies
2. Ogden Standard Examiner; Provo Herald, Logan
Journal , Deseret News, Salt Lake Tribune
have largest circulation.
7 Stations: KCPX, KSL, KUTV, KUED
60 Stations
Per Capita Personal Income (1969): $2997 (Ranked 38 in U. S.)
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS SUMMARY
Item
Responsible State
Agency(s)
State FY 70 Manpower
State FY 70 Budget
FY 70 EPA Program &
Planning Grants
FY 70 EPA Research
Training, and Demo
Grants
FY 70&71 Expended
EPA Const. Grants
% of FY 708.71 En-
ti tl ement
State Program
Status
^Contract period 2/70-
Water Quality
Dept. of Health
Water Pollution
Commi ttee
12
158,100
54,600
none
$ 1,579,000
$ 1 ,587,000
17%
1. Inadequate staff
and budget to meet
growing needs.
2. Primary emphasis
on construction
plan review.
3. State has just
enacted C. G.
Matching Program.
4. Interstate stds.
fully approved.
No intrastate
standards.
Air Pollution
Dept. of Health
Air Conservation
Commi ttee
12
$ 72,000
$ 100,000
$405,000
N/A
N/A
1. Inadequate air
quality and emis-
sion standards.
2. Need to develop
emission standards
for ma.ior source
categories and
improve enforce-
ment caDabi1ities.
Approved rated
margi nal.
6/71
$
State $
Local
UTAH
Solid Wastes
Radi ation
Pesti cide:
Dept of Health
1-F*, 2-P*
$ 4,500
none
Dept. of Health Agriculture
Utah Energy Dept.
Commission
3
$35,000
314(D)$12,000
Contract $43,300*
2 equiv.
full time
N/A
N/A
none
$70,515
N/A
N/A
State sol id
waste plan
70% complete.
Low priority
given to solid
waste management.
2.
*F=Ful1
*P=Part
Time
Time
N/A
N/A
Need to
promulgate
radi ati on
control
rules and
regulations
Need to
Strengthen
program.
N/A
N/A
-------
UTAH
Radiation ¦
Utah's proximity to the Nevada Test Site, as viewed by health
department officials, constitutes a serious potential public health
hazard dating back to the early days of weapons testing. Early
atmospheric weapons testing caused several radioactive fallout
episodes in the State which were inadequately monitored for fission
products and radiation dose levels to the local population in
affected Utah communities. Even though the International Test Ban
Treaty eliminated atmospheric testing, there are still periodic
ventings from underground tests, such as the Baneberry event in
1970 which keep Utah State officials apprehensive. This subjection
to many years of low-level radioactive fallout has made tritium and
other fission products a part of Utah's ecology, more so than any
other state.
Utah also has a uranium mining and milling industry which now
includes one active and five inactive uranium mills. Utah has
enabling legislation which would allow the State to adopt regula-
tions for the control and disposition of tailings. Current plans
indicate that future adoption of such regulations will occur.
Practically all financial support for radiological health in
Utah has been channeled into one of the most comprehensive state
managed environmental surveillance systems in the nation. Utah's
surveillance program is closely coordinated with EPA's Southwestern
Radiological Health Laboratory. The Laboratory provides technical
-------
assistance to the State whenever Nevada Test Site activities indicate
a possible problem. The "lack of factual fallout measurement data
prior to 1953 has prompted EPA-supported studies of thyroid abnor-
malities of children in the St. George area, as well as statewide
investigation of congenital defects and cancer with particular atten-
tion to thyroid cancer and leukemia. The EPA is also supporting a
radiation ecology study at the University of Utah which, since 1962,
has received in excess of $600,000.
Current cooperative efforts between the EPA and the State should
be continued. Utah should be encouraged to adopt regulations for
the control and disposition of uranium mill tailings. A uniform
federal approach toward the tailings question could aid this end.
Solid Waste
Of the 176 municipal land disposal sites in Utah only 4 are
considered to be satisfactory. Very little interest has previously
been shown at the State level in proper solid waste management.
However, the development of the State Plan has been progressing at
a satisfactory rate and the State has recently shown more interest
in better solid waste operations and "is currently planning an
addition to its staff.
Air Pollution
The State-wide air pollution problem in Utah is primarily
particulate in nature. Major particulate point source emitters
include a copper smelter and a cement plant in the Salt Lake City
area and a steel plant north of Provo. This picture will change
-------
in the coming decade with the completion of two major coal-fired
electric power generating facilities—one at Huntington and the
other at the southern edge of Lake Powell.
In Salt Lake City and the Wasatch Front area, the air pollution
problem changes from one of particulate to one which is gaseous in
nature. Major contributors include one large copper smelter, which
contributes 76% of the State's SO2 emissions, several petroleum
refineries, and mobile sources. The overall problem in the Salt Lake
City area is further compounded by topographical restrictions and
almost daily temperature inversions.
The potential for beryllium contamination from the testing of
rocket engines is of special interest. To date, State Officials
have caused voluntary industry control of such emissions, but
maintain an extensive sampling network to insure compliance.
Water Quality
Utah's water problems stem basically from the heavy urbaniza-
tion along the Wasatch Front Range (80% of the population lives in
this area) agricultural activities in the Bear River drainage, and
the financial condition of many small communities presently without .
adequate waste-water treatment facilities.
The Wasatch Front metropolitan area, centered around Salt Lake
City, is the Region VIII's second largest population center. Urban
water resources development is at the critical stage of moving from
providing basic human needs to improving the quality of life in
-------
the urban area. Urban beautification, improved park and recreational
facilities, urban flood control, and associated water quality enhance-
ment require improved urban planning and coordination. A Section 3(c)
River Basin Planning Grant is in the application stage. Local
matching funds for this grant will be provided by the Salt Lake
City Model Cities Agency.
The Bear River Enforcement Conference was convened during the
early 19601s and was concerned principally with meatpacking plant,
sugar beet mill, and municipal discharges. A field survey is planned
during 1971 to update the status of enforcement conference recommen-
dations and violations of water quality standards.
Animal feedlot wastes from cattle, swine, and poultry growing
operations are a major problem in Utah. The State Bureau of Environ-
mental Health has requested EPA assistance in conducting inventory
surveys and in developing discharge regulations. There are 18 commu-
nities in Utah all with populations less than 5000 that either have
no or inadequate wastewater treatment because they are presently
unable to finance facilities. The State just enacted legislation
to authorize a loan program up to 25% which will allow the EPA to
increase its grants up to 55%.
Declining water levels and increasing pollution are threatening
the future of the Great Salt Lake. Although the net effect of these
factors is not fully understood, the basic and foremost question is
"Should the Great Salt Lake be preserved for future generations?"
-------
Present water resource development proposals do not provide for
maintenance of flows into the lake and water quality standards have
not been established for the lake, an intrastate water body. A
question to determine if the lake is in federal or state ownership
is presently before the U. S. Supreme Court.
Utah has 328 public water supplies serving 931,000 people or
85% of the population. The State Health Department has classified
40% of those systems as "Not Approved" for failure to provide
adequate treatment and/or not meeting drinking water standards.
There is inadequate surveillance of water systems in the State.
Only about 5% are surveyed each year and some haven't been surveyed
for seven years.
Although Utah is an arid state it ranks first in the Nation
with respect to per capita water consumption. Water resources
studies have indicated that this type of use cannot continue if
Utah citizens are to continue receiving good quality water.
Pesticides
The Utah Department of Agriculture administers the Economic
Poison Application Act of 1951. The Department registers approx-
imately 1200 pesticides and samples and analyzes about 25 pesticide
samples annually. The disposal of unused pesticides and empty
pesticide containers constitutes an ecological problem in the State.
-------
WYOMING
-------
STATE DATA PROFILE
WYOMING
Capital City - Cheyenne
1970 Population:
Land Area:
Population Density:
Population Centers:
Federal Land:
Leading Manufacturing
activities:
332,416 (49 rank in U. S.)
97,914 sq. mi . • (9 rank in U. S.)
3.4 persons per sq. mile (49 rank in U. S.)
No SMSA of 50,000+
Casper - 39,361
Cheyenne - 40,914
48.2% of total
1. Petroleum & Coal Products $ 36.9 million
2. Petroleum refining
3. Food & Kindred Products
4. Sawmills & Planing Mills
36.4
14.1
6.6
Governor:
U. S. Senators
Stanley K. Hathaway (R)
Gale W. McGee (D)
Clifford P. Hansen (R)
U. S. Representatives: 1 Democrat
Legislature:
Newspapers:
Television:
Radio:
1. House (Rep), Senate (Rep)
2. Meets Bi-annually
3. Ranked 49 by Ford Publication
1. 8 Dai 1ies
2. Wyoming State Tribune and Casper Tribune
have largest circulation.
5 Stations,
KTZ-Casper, KFPC-Cheyenne, KDWN-Cheyenne
32 Stations
Per Capita Personal Income (1969): $3353 (Ranked 28 in U. S.)
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS SUMMARY
Item
Responsible State
Agency(s)
State FY 70 Manpower
State FY 70 Budget
FY 70 EPA Research
Training & Demo
Grants
FY 70&71 Expended
EPA Const. Grants
% of FY 70&71
Enti tlement
State Program
Status
Water Quality
Health Dept.
Stream Pollution
Control Advisory
Council
4
$88,600
$23,800
none
$65,000
$450,000
10%
1. Very inadequate
budget and staff
limits effective-
ness of all state
acti vi ties.
2. Interstate Water
Quality Stds.
fully approved.
3. No intrastate
stds.
4. Approved rated
marginal.
Air Pollution
Health Dept.
Air Resources
Council
3
$9,500
$15,000
$65,500
N/A
N/A
1. Statewide air
quality control
region consul-
tation held.
Adequate air
quality and
emission stds.
2. Good state program
but needs addition-
al staff.
FY 70 EPA Program & State
Planning Grants Local
WYOMING
Solid Wastes
Radiation
Pesti cide:
Health Dept.
Health Dept.
Agricultur
Dept.
7-P*
$32,400
$16,200
$17,200
31*(D) $7,000
Contracts none
1 equiv.
full time
N/A
N/A
None
N/A
N/A
N/A
1. State sol id
waste plan
twenty per-
cent complete.
2. Need to upgrade
program status
in Health Dept.
N/A
N/A
1. No legal
basis for
regulatory
program.
2. Marginal
program.
N/A
N/A
* P=Part Time
-------
WYOMING
Radiation
At the present time there are five uranium mills operating in
Wyoming, while an additional two uranium mills have been abandoned
by their operators. There are also plans to construct four new
mills in the State, which makes Wyoming the most active uranium
milling State in the country. The Susquehanna Western milling
operation near Riverton, Wyoming, is a good illustration of what
can be expected when a uranium mill ceases operation in a State
without control regulations. Its 900,000-ton tailings pile is
located about one-half mile from the town of Riverton (population,
6,845). This pile, now exposed to weathering elements since the
mill closed in June 1963, has caused numerous local citizenry to
complain about the blowing of radioactive tailings into their environs.
Although there are some significant environmental radiation
control problems in Wyoming, the State's effectiveness in dealing
with them is seriously hampered by the lack of any radiation con-
trol regulations or financial support for administering a program.
Four consecutive submissions of radiation control legislation have
been tied up or defeated during legislative sessions. The EPA's
Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory has made a cursory environ-
mental survey around the Susquehanna site which substantiated local
complaints on the wind erosion of tailings. A plan for a more detailed
EPA-sponsored survey is now under consideration.
The EPA, in conjunction with other Federal agencies, should develop
a Federal posture on the control and disposition of uranium mill
-------
tailings which should entail the development of model regulations
for adoption by concerned States. Where States do not adopt regu-
lations, the National Environmental Policy Act should be utilized
to tie tailings control and disposition into any given uranium
mill's operating license.
Solid Haste
The inability of the small communities in Wyoming to provide
the necessary funds for proper solid waste disposal is a major
problem. The heavy influx of tourists during the summer months
also adds to the burden of these communities in providing for proper
disposal of their waste. A survey completed in April 1970 showed that
only 4 sites out of 69 were considered to be sanitary landfill opera-
tions.
Only recently has Wyoming shown interest in the development of
a solid waste management plan, and on December 1, 1970, the State
received a one-year planning grant. A "Mission 5000" dump closing
course has also been scheduled by the State on May 18, 1971 at Casper.
Hopefully, this new interest at the State level will continue and
improved solid waste operations will result.
Air Pollution
Air pollution problems in Wyoming are extremely diverse in
nature. The major point sources are located throughout the State,
many as the major source of jobs and tax base for small communities.
Due to minimal State Agency resources, no accurate accounting
of State-wide emissions has been attempted. However, major source
categories as known include extensive mineral processing and refining,
-------
forest products, power generation and sugar beet refining. The
minerals being processed and refined include bentonite, talc,
cement, coal, liquid petroleum and uranium.
Hater Quality
Approximately one-half of the land area in Wyoming is under
the jurisdiction of two enforcement conferences - the North Platte
River Basin and the Colorado River Basin, However, because of the
sparce population and limited industrial development in the state,
water pollution problems are relatively minor.
Activities associated with the petroleum industry that have or
could cause water pollution are petroleum drilling, refining, and
transportation. Several oil spills resulting from pipeline breaks have
been recently investigated by the Water Quality Office to assure that
cleanup was conducted properly and to collect evidence for court actions
for violations of the Refuse Act of 1899 or the Federal Water Pollution
Control Act.
Discharge from the Holly Sugar Company's Torrington plant was
the major reason for convening the North Platte River Basin Enforcement
Conference. A survey of the North Platte River at Torrington made in
December 1970 revealed that water quality standards were being violated
by the Holly Sugar Company, sugar beet processing plant at the town.
Enforcement action by the EPA may be necessary to correct this violation.
Yellowstone National Park in the northwest corner of the State
is one of the most heavily visited parks in the Nation. Pollution
prevention is critical. The Water Quality Office has provided tech-
nical assistance to the National Park Service in determining the
-------
quality of water in the Park and in establishing water quality
standards for these waters. A water quality management plan for
the Park is now being developed jointly by the Water Quality Office
and the National Park Service under the authority of Section 3(a)
of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act.
Wyoming has 130 public water supplies serving 236,000 people or
12% of the population of which (1) 39% (serving 16% of the population)
do not chlorinate their water-supplies; (2) 41% (serving 19% of the
population) fall into the "poor" or "unknown" categories with respect
to chemical water quality; and (3) 50% (serving 17% of the population)
do not adequately treat their surface supplies. The EPA will begin
an evaluation of the water supply program in the State in July 1971.
Budget cuts may force the State Division of Health and Medical
Services to reduce its staff thereby eliminating the water supply
program for all practical purposes.
Concentrations of selenium exceeding the recommended limit
(0.01 ppm) are present in the water supply of Casper. The EPA has
recommended that the City find a more suitable water supply.
Pesti cides
The Wyoming pesticide law of 1957 is administered by the Depart-
ment of Agriculture. The State law provides for State pesticide
registration but the criteria for registration is wholly dependent on
Federal registration. Approximately 4,000 pesticide products are
now registered by the State. Very little pesticide is manufactured
in Wyoming where agricultural uses are prescribed by the State.
-------
SECTION IV
CURRENT PUBLIC ISSUES
GENERAL
This section is intended to provide information on
environmental issues which have received significant attention
in the public press and which concern administrators of govern-
mental programs. Basic issues which underlie some of the more
specific problems to be discussed later include the following:
1. Environmental and conservation interested groups in
Region VIII are accelerating efforts to seek such
reforms as statewide zoning and other land use
controls, control and dispersion of population,
stricter control on activities of agriculture and
industry, and more emphasis on the use of water and
land resources for recreational activities. Groups
who would potentially be adversely affected by these
reforms base their arguments on philosophical oppo-
sition to increase governmental control, damage to
economic growth and related job and tax resources,
hampering of technological progress, hardship on
specific industries or groups, and concerns that
-------
proposed changes would be impractical or too costly.
2. Many Federal, State, and local agencies as well as
private groups are disturbed at the expanding Federal
role in environmental protection. State agencies are
especially sensitive to growing activities of the
Federal government in areas which have traditionally
been administered by the states. State agencies feel
the squeeze between increasing Federal efforts, and
increasing citizen pressures while their programs
remain relatively constant in size. The net result
in view of many state personnel is that state programs
are no more than errand boys for "the Feds" in the
conduct of environmental protection programs.
3. Federal resource management and development agencies
including the Army Corps of Engineers, Bureau of
Reclamation, Bureau of Land Management, Forest Service,
Atomic Energy Commission, and the Department of Defense
carry on extensive programs in the region. These agencies
often fail to bring citizens and State agencies into
the planning process at an early stage. The result is
a popular feeling in Region VIII states against the
"Federal Steamroller" moving without local control and
to the detriment of local interests. Many examples of
-------
adverse environmental impact from Federal activities
lend fuel to this argument. The National Environmental
Policy Act should help to reduce these concerns.
MULTI-MEDIA
1976 Winter Olympics. Local environmental organizations and
several prominent state legislators have voiced serious concern
over the impact of the Games on the environment. They cite facil-
ities construction, the large influx of people into the mountainous
areas and the expected rise in the State's growth rate due to the
promotional aspects of the Olympics as serious problems not ade-
quately considered.
A burden will be placed on the water supply and waste treat-
ment facilities in those communities near the sites where the Games
take place. Air pollution would increase due to increased power
generation and automotive emissions. Solid waste problems would
also occur. The EPA should determine whether or not the planners
have given adequate consideration to these problems in the planning
process and try to impact the planning where necessary.
Oil Shale Development. The oil shale beds in Colorado, Utah,
and Wyoming cover 16,000 square miles, primarily on Federal lands,
and constitute the world's greatest reserve of hydrocarbons. These
deposits are estimated to contain the equivalent of trillions of
barrels of oil ar-d the potential environmental impact from the
development of these deposits is significant. Solid waste disposal,
-------
water and air pollution problems would result from the following
operations associated with the recovery of shale hydrocarbons: (1)
mining and crusting, (2) retorting, (3) disposal of spent shale,
(4) refining, and (5) power generation.
Great concern is being generated to insure that the environment
will be adequately protected, not only during the actual years of
shale production, but after the mining and processing of a shale
deposit has been completed. The State of Colorado has recently
completed its report on the costs of environmental controls for
the proposed oil shale development in its State and has submitted
the report to the Department of Interior Oil Shale Task Force. A
prime concern of the EPA will be to find ways to insure that the
environment will not be degraded when this resource is developed.
Rocky Mountain Arsenal. Operations at the Arsenal, located
in Denver, have caused environmental problems for many years.
Seepage of liquid wastes placed into evaporation ponds contaminated
groundwater in the area until the method of disposal was changed
to deep well injection. Deep well injection subsequently had to
be discontinued because some leading geologists attributed the
cause of earthquakes in the Denver area to the injection process.
Adequate surface methods for treating the liquid wastes are now
being installed.
Beginning in May 1971 destruction of crop defoliate will
begin and in the Fall of 1971 de-militarization of nerve and
-------
mustard gas is scheduled to commence. The public has been aroused
about these operations basically because the operations have
been classified as "Top Secret" and because the Department of
the Army's seeming attempts to keep the public uninformed until
circumstances "force" the issue. The EPA has attempted to keep
well informed as developments occur or are planned and has review-
ed the proposed control devices for these operations and has found
them adequate. Even so, explaining this to the public and to
governmental officials is difficult in light of past history.
Animal Feed Lots. Operation of feed lots is a large agricul-
tural activity in Region VIII. Odors from these operations and
related industries, such as animal rendering and alfalfa dehydration,
are a concern of the public. In Colorado the agricultural lobby
recently attempted to legislatively stop the Colorado Air Pollution
Control Commission from adopting odor control regulations until
EPA issued criteria and control technique documents on such. The
Commission decided not to wait for EPA or the Legislature and
adopted odor regulations March 11, 1971. The legislation to
curtail such action is still pending in a legislative conference
commi ttee.
The drainage from many of these feed lots contribute nutrients,
bacteria, and organic materials to streams which in many instances
pose a threat to water supplies. Nitrates can invade groundwater
by percolation and contaminate shallow wells used by farm families
-------
for their water supply.
Electric Power Generation. Due to the "increasing demand for
electric power in the metropolitan areas of the Southwest and Pacific
Coast, development of additional power generating facilities is
underway. Because of its proximity to the areas of need and its
abundant supply of low-sulfur coal, the Four Corners area of
Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah was selected for location
of the new power generating units.
With the uncontrolled emissions from the power plant at
Farmington, New Mexico, held as an example, numerous citizen
groups, municipal and state governments demanded action to save
the Four Corners area from widespread air quality degradation.
At the request of the governors of New Mexico and Utah an Air
Quality Control Region was officially designated on February 9,
1971. The extent of air quality degradation resulting from
increased emissions of particulate matter, sulfur oxides and
nitrogen oxides from these new sources is not presently known.
Even with maximum control technology employed, some emissions
will escape to the atmosphere.
In addition to air pollution problems, discharges of waste
water from these plants will increase the temperature and salinity
concentrations of receiving waters unless adequate treatment prior
to discharge or no discharge requirements are made. Also the disposal
of fly ash from coal-fired plants and radioactive materials from
-------
nuclear plants could constitute solid waste and radiation pro-
blems respectively. The EPA has been working with the Department
of the Interior in developing environmental protection clauses
in the power plant contracts.
Water Resources Planning. There is a basic conflict between
conservation groups and Federal-State planners on water resources
planning. The conservationists maintain that planning is based
on the philosophy of development for development sake to use all
the water allocated to a particular state under various compacts,
e.g., Colorado River Compact, and that economic growth projections
are used to support this development. On this basis, water resource
development then dictates state growth. The conservationists pro-
pose that development agencies consider all alternatives from "no
growth" to "encouraged growth" and allow the public to choose the
alternative.
The development issue is critical in this region because the
demand for water exceeds the availability. The question of who
should determine the priority of use is a significant issue. The
EPA is now actively involved in the Western U. S. Water Plan Study,
which embraces the full range of the problems.
WATER QUALITY
Water Laws. Ownership of the wastewater effluent from the
Denver Metro Wastewater Treatment Plant is the subject of a court
case presently before the Colorado Supreme Court. The Denver Water
Board is attempting to completely treat and recycle wastewater from
the Denver Metro Plant. They claim ownership of the water through
-------
their original water right decree. Downstream irrigation users
claim that the Board loses its right to the water when it is
put into the sewer and that they (the irrigation users) have
established a legal right to the plant effluent. This decision
will have a significant effect on the whole concept of waste-
water reuse being advanced in the Region.
There is also concern on the part of state water people over
growing Federal authorities over water rights; i.e., specifically
the 1899 Refuse Act Permit Program and its possible extension to
include water quantity as well as quality.
Salinity Control-Colorado River. A majority of recommended
projects for controlling salinity in the Colorado River Basin are
located in Colorado and have a direct effect on existing and proposed
irrigation projects and water resource development activities. The
state, in cooperation with the Upper Colorado River Commission,
look to the Federal government for leadership and full financing
of any projects. A determination will have to be made as to which
Federal government agency will be responsible for salinity control
and what role EPA will play in this regard.
Trans Basin Diversions. Diversion of water from the west slope
of Colorado to the east slope has created a very sensitive and serious
intrastate issue. West slope users claim that the diversion of high
quality water from the headwaters of the major streams has resulted
in quality degradation that now affects users in the Grand Valley
near Grand Junction. The Legislature i?. now considering a bill
-------
to protect water quality in the basin of origin.
1899 Refuse Act Permit Program. There "-s concern throughout
the Region as to which streams are navigable for purposes of the
Act. The determination of navigability will determine, to a large
extent, which industries will be required to have permits. There
is concern also as to whether discharges from animal feed lots,
irrigation activities, and abandoned mines are subject to the
permit requirement.
Mineral Resources Development. The mining and processing of
minerals can affect public water supply by addition of heavy metals
or even trace elements to surface and ground waters. Since trace
elements are usually not identified in routine chemical analysis
of water, the extent of the problems is unknown. Another important
unknown is what effect these trace minerals have on the human body.
A case in point is the presence of molybdenum in Dillon Reservoir
(one of Denver's water supplies) as a result of an upstream mining
operati on.
AIR POLLUTION
Mass Transit in Denver. Air pollution from private automobiles
is a particularly acute problem in Denver because of the large per
capita ownership and use of the automobile, the frequency of meteor-
ological conditions which prevent the dispersal of the air pollutants,
and the high altitude effect of increased emissions from automobiles.
Motor vehicles are the major source of carbon monoxide and hydro-
carbons, and on many days reports show that the State and National
air quality standards have been exceeded. Because of the high
-------
amount of pollution from the automobile in the downtown Denver
area, there may very well be a need for the restriction of
motor vehicle traffic. Recent articles in area newspapers have
alerted the public to the reality that this proposal is being
considered seriously. If such action is necessary, mass trans-
portation systems of some type will be needed.
Ambient Air Quality Standards. EPA recently published pro-
posed National Ambient Air Quality Standards for six different
pollutants. Several official air pollution control agencies and
concerned citizens groups have voiced their disapproval of these
standards primarily for two reasons. First since a large portion
of Colorado, including the Denver Metropolitan Area, is at an
elevation greater than 5,000 feet, the production and effects of
most pollutants is different than at lower elevations. For
example the standards for emissions from automobiles should be
more stringent at higher elevations to provide the same environmental
protection as for areas at lower elevations. It should be noted,
however, that the state can set more stringent standards than the
national ones. The second criticism is that the primary levels are
too close to indicated health effect levels and that there should
be a greater margin of safety.
SOLID WASTE
There is considerable interest in recycling of solid wastes
in the Denver area. The Adolph Coors Company has been a leader
in this activity with their aluminum can recycling program and
-------
they are now recycling glass bottles. Other organizations
actively involved in recycling are Safeway Stores, King Soopers
Discount, and Goodwill Industries. A National Conference on
Composting-Waste Recycling will be held on May 20 and 21, 1971
in Denver.
RADIATION
Uranium Mill Tailings. Tailings from the Climax Uranium
Mill at Grand Junction, Colorado, have been used in about 3,000
construction locations in the area. Concern has been expressed
about possible human exposure to radon-222 and associated radio-
activity in the indoor atmospheres of habitable structures
incorporating these tailings. The EPA, the Atomic Energy
Commission, and the State of Colorado are actively involved in
a study to determine the location of structures where tailings
were used, and in establishing tailings removal techniques and
costs applicable toward alleviating excessive radiation exposure.
AEC Rocky Flat Plant. The Atomic Energy Commission's Rocky
Flat Plant, operated by the Dow Chemical Company, which fabricates
nuclear devices, has caused off-site contamination due to their
radioactive waste disposal practices. The chief public health
hazard is associated with environmental releases of plutonium,
Extensive sampling and monitoring by the State of Colorado has
indicated that all levels of radiation in the air, water, soil,
and sediments are below the standard for general population
-------
exposure. However, because of the public health hazard which
exists, a continuing and expanded surveillance and evaluation
of the facility,is needed.
Project Rulison. Before the Rulison detonation took place,
a local environmental activist group initiated U. S. District
Court hearings where 0 ruling affirmed the court's jurisdiction
over the Rulison experiment but allowed the detonation phase to
proceed contingent on the extensive surveillance program being
planned by the EPA1s Southwestern Radiological Health Laboratory.
The Rio Blanco Project, another Operation Plowshare Project similar
to the Rulison Project, is scheduled for detonation in 1972.
PESTICIDES
Public Attitude. The attitude of a large segment of the
population is that pesticides should be banned. The public does
not associate cheap food and protection from pest-borne disease
with pesticide usage. Better public relations are needed by
environmentally oriented agencies. The State Agricultural
Departments are usually the local regulators of pesticides and
their close alliance with agricultural interests reduces the
validity of their statements in the public mind.
Pesticides Handling. Reducing the use of chlorinated
hydrocarbons for ecological reasons has lead to an increasing
use of organic phosphates, which create a deadly personal
hazard to pesticide handlers. A program is needed to reduce
-------
these hazards. Such a program might include education on
handling, development of better labeling and packaging standards,
and development of accident control and prevention procedures.
Commercial Use of Pesticides. The loss of cheap effective
pesticides and the lack of registered pesticides for special
crop use are major problems. Industry, which must adhere to
economics, develops broad spectrum pesticides that cause
ecological problems. The development of pesticides for
limited agricultural use may require financial support from
the Federal government.
Without use control the commercial user is often tempted,
if not economically forced, to violate label directions. Often
the misuse does not become apparent until people or animals
are harmed. Safe use of pesticides will not be achieved alone
through regulatory control of industrial development, production
and marketing. The states are and have legislated control of
applicators and dealers, but the Federal government will have
to set the overall standards.
-------
SECTION V
KEY INDIVIDUALS IN REGION VIII
The following pages in this section contain resumes of
EPA officials, a list of State Environmental Program officials,
and a list of environmental interest groups and citizen leaders.
-------
RESUMES OF
EPA REGION VIII OFFICIALS
-------
DONALD P. DUBOIS
Interim Regional Coordinator, EPA
Region VIII
PERSONAL
DATA
EDUCATION AND
EXECUTIVE
TRAINING
Born May 21, 1935, Spokane, Washington. Married.
U. S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps,
November 1957 to present
Washington State University, B.S. (Civil Engineering), 1957
California Institute of Technology, M.S. (Civil Engrg.) 1961
Executive Seminar Center, Berkeley, California: 2-week
Executive Seminar presented by U.S. Civil Service Commission
EMPLOYMENT
HISTORY
12/70 to Present
Interim Regional Coordinator, Environments'
Protection Agency, Region VIII, Denver
2/69 to 12/70 Regional Assistant Administrator,
Environmental Health Service (organization
name changed from Consumer Protection and
Environmental Health Service in Feb. 1970),
Region VIII, Denver, Colorado
7/68 to 2/69 USPHS, Office of the Administrator,
Consumer Protection and Environmental
Health Service, Washington, D. C.
10/66 to 7/68 Assistant to Chief Engineer and Program
Director, Engineer Career Development,
Office of the Surgeon General, USPHS,
Bethesda, Md.
9/63 to 9/66 USPHS, Division of Water Supply and Pol-
lution Control, as Chief, Data Operations
Section, Washington, D. C.
11/58 to 8/63 USPHS, Division of Water Supply and
Pollution Control; Charlottesville,
Pasadena, and Portland
11/57 to 10/58 USPHS, Division of Sanitary Engineering
Services, Washington, D. C.
7/57 to 10/57 Consulting Engineer, H. E. Bovay Consulting
Engineers, Spokane, Washington
HONORS, AWARDS Tau Beta
AND FELLOWSHIPS Sigma Xi
Sigma Tau
Commendation Medal, USPHS, 1966
Registered Professional Engineer, Oregon
-------
B. David Clark, Director
Colorado River/Bonneville Basins Office
Region IX
PERSONAL Born: February 14, 1938, Denver, Colorado
DATA Married
EDUCATION B.S. Civil Engineering, Washington State University, 1961
AND M.S. Sanitary Engineering", University of California
EXECUTIVE Berkeley, 1964
TRAINING Post Graduate Training, Oregon State University, 1969-1970
Personnel Management for Supervisors
Basic Management Techniques
EMPLOYMENT 9/70-Present Physical Science Administrator, Director,
HISTORY Colorado River/Bonneville Basins Office
Southwest Region, FWQA, Denver, Colorado
GS-1301-14
3/70-9/70 Physical Science Administrator, Chief,
Planning Branch, Colorado River/Bonneville
Basins Office, Southwest Region, FWQA
Denver, Colorado
GS-1301-14
5/69-3/70 Sanitary Engineer, Chief, Problem Analysis
and Engineering Development Section,
National Coastal Pollution Research Program,
Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory, FWQA
Corvallis, Oregon
GS-819-13
6/66-5/69 Sanitary Engineer, Technical Projects
Section, Pacific Northwest Water Laboratory
FWQA, Corvallis, Oregon
GS-819-13
6/64-6/66 Sanitary Engineer, Chief, Water Resources
Section, Hudson Champlain Project, Public
Health Service, DWSPC, Metuchen, New Jersey
2/61-3/63 Sanitary Engineer, Public Health Service,
Region VIII, DWSPC, Denver, Colorado
HONORS
AWARDS
AND
FELLOWSHIPS
American Society of Civil Engineers
Water Pollution Control Federation, PHS Long Term
Graduate Training, 9/63-6/64
Registered Professional Engineers in Oregon
-------
PAUL B. SMITH
Regional Representative
Radiation Office
Region VIII
PERSONAL
DATA
EDUCATION AND
EXECUTIVE
TRAINING
EMPLOYMENT
HISTORY
Born January 27, 1928, New York, New York. Married.
U. S. Army, 1946-1954. USPHS Commissioned Corps 1962-Present.
New"York University, B.C.E. (Sanitary Engineering), 1959
U.S. State Department Language Institute 1962
University of Minnesota, M.P.H. (Radiation Control), 1965
1968 to Present
1965 - 1968
1964 - 1965
1963 - 1964
1962 - 1963
Regional Representative, Bureau of
Radiological Health, USPHS, Denver
Regional Office
Deputy Regional Representative, Bureau
of Radiological Health, USPHS, Dallas
Regional Office
Graduate School, University of Minnesota
State assignment to Puerto Rico Department
of Health, Division of Sanitary Engineering,
from Bureau of Radiological Health, USPHS
Technical writing and national environmental
surveillance assignments, Bureau of
Radiological Health, Roc lev i 11 e, Maryland
1959 -
1961
Municipal Engineer with City of New York,
New York
-------
PERSONAL
DATA
EDUCATION
EMPLOYMENT
HISTORY
ALBERT V. SOUKUP
Regional Representative
Division of Water Hygiene
Region VIII
Born September 10, 1927, Chicago, Illinois.
Married. USPHS Commissioned Corps 1960-Present.
(J. S. Navy 1945-1947.
University of Kansas, B.S. - Civil Engineering, 1952
University of Michigan, M. S. - Sanitary Engineering, 1957
1967 to Present
1966 - 1967
1965 - 1966
1964 - 1965
1962 - 1964
1960 - 1962
1954 - 1960
Regional Representative, Bureau of
Water Hygiene, USPHS, Region VIII,
Denver, Colo.
Regional Water Supply Consultant,
Bureau of State Services, USPHS,
Region I, Boston, Massachusetts.
Regional Interstate Carrier
Consultant, Bureau of State
Services, USPHS, Region I, Boston,
Massachusetts.
Chief, Field Operations Branch,
USPHS, Cleveland, Ohio.
Sanitary Engineer, Construction
Grants Program, USPHS, Region VI,
Kansas City, Missouri.
Field Engineer, Division of Indian
Health, USPHS, Billings, Montana.
District Sanitary Engineer, Kansas
State Board of Health, Wichita, Kansas.
HONORS AND
AWARDS
Two DHEW Regional Director's Citations for Exemplary
Professional Service
Registered Professional Engineer - Kansas
Member, American Water Works Association, and Water
Pollution Control Federation
-------
LAWRENCE P. GAZDA
REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVE
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT OFFICE
REGION VIII
PERSONAL
DATA
EDUCATION
AND TRAINING
EMPLOYMENT
HISTORY
Born September 2, 1936, Thayer, Illinois, Married, U. S.
Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, 1959-Present.
January 1959 - BS in Civil Engineering, University of
Missouri at Rolla
May 1969 - MS in Environmental Health Engineering,
University of Texas at Austin
Environmental Protection Agency
12-70 to Present Region VIII Solid Waste Management
Representative, Denver, Colorado
U. S. Public Health Service
HONORS AND
AWARD
1-70 to 12-70
10-69 to 1-70
9-68 to 10-69
9-67 to 9-68
10-66 to 9-67
4-65 to 10-66
1962 to 1965
1960 to 1962
1959 to 1960
111ino is Highway
1955 to 1959
Region VIII Solid Waste Management
Representative, Denver, Colorado
Region IX Solid Waste Management
Representative, San Francisco, California
Chief, Surveillance and Evaluation Unit
and Deputy Chief of Systems Management
Branch, Division of Technical Operations,
BSWM, Cincinnati, Ohio
Graduate Student, University of Texas
at Austin
Assistant Regional Program Chief, Bureau
of Solid Waste Management, Dallas, Texas
Chief of Engineering Unit, Lake Ontario
Program Office, Rochester, New York
Engineer in Charge of Plans and Specifications,
Construction Grants, Denver, Colorado
Assistant Engineer, Water Quality Section ,
Denver, Colorado
Assistant Engineer, San Francisco Bay Barrier
Study, San Francisco, California
Department
(one year total): Civil Engineer, Springfield,
Illinois
Registered Professional Engineer, State of Colorado
Chi Epsilon
Letter of Commendation
PHS Long Term Graduate Training, 10/67 - 10/68
Member American Public Works Association
-------
EARL V. PORTER
Regional Air Pollution Control Director
Air Pollution Control Office
Region VIII
PERSONAL
DATA
EDUCATION
Born April 14, 1915, Campbell, Missouri. Married.
U. S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps,
1956 (inactive); Active Duty May 1962 to Present.
Missouri School of Mines, Rolla, Mo., B.S.(Elec. Engrg.)1937
University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., M.S. (Pub. Hlth.)1947
EMPLOYMENT
HISTORY
July 1965 to Present Regional Air Pollution Control Director,
Region VIII, Denver, Colo.
July 1964 to July 1965 Regional Air Pollution Control Director
Region VII, Kansas City, Mo.
July 1963 to July 1964 Regional Air Pollution Representative
and Solid Waste Representative
Region VII, Kansas City, Mo.
May 1962 to July 1963 Water Pollution Control - Water
Resources
Region VII, Kansas City, Mo.
July 1959 to May 1962
Environmental Supervisor, Missouri
Division of Health Districts 1 & 2
(44 counties) Macon, Missouri.
Sept. 1947 to July 1959 District Public Health Engineer,
Missouri Division of Health,
Kirksville and Macon, Mo.
Sept. 1946 - Sept. 1947 Public Health Engineer,
Missouri Division of Health,
Jefferson City, Mo.
Aug. 1943 to Sept. .1946 U. S. Army Medical Inspector
Sanit. Corps Officer
Elgin Field, Florida
Dec. 1942 to Aug. 1943 County Public Health Engineer,
Newton County-Neosho, Mo.
Mar. 1942 to Dec. 1942 County Public Health Engineer,
Laclede County-Lebanon, Mo.
June 1940 to Mar. 1942 Milk Inspector,
Springfield City Health Dept.
Springfield, Mo.
Jan. 1939 to June 1940
Public Health Engineer,
Missouri Division of Health
Jefferson City, Mo.
-------
ROBERT A. POSS
Acting Regional Supervisor
Pesticides Regulation Division
Western Region
PERSONAL DATA
Born December 23, 1'934, Milwaukee, Wisconsin,
Married, U. S. Navy 1952-1954.
EDUCATION AND
TRAINING
University of Wisconsin, B. S. J 960
Navy Hospital Corps School 1952
FDA Drug School, University of Rhode Islandl965
ARS Supervisors Training Course 19 70
EMPLOYMENT
HISTORY
12-70 to present
Acting Regional Supervisor
PRD, Denver, Colorado GS12
3-67 to 12-70
Pesticides Inspector, PRD
Protland, Oregon GS 11
2-63 to 3-67
Food and Frug Inspector,
FDA, HEW Los Angeles, Calif. GS 9
7-60 to 2-63
Food and Drug Inspector, FDA,
HEW Seattle, Wahington, GS 7
-------
RESUMES OF
EPA NATIONAL PROGRAM OFFICIALS
WATER QUALITY OFFICE
OFFICE OF ENFORCEMENT AND STANDARDS COMPLIANCE
DIVISION OF FIELD INVESTIGATIONS-DENVER CENTER
-------
RESUME
Name: THOMAS P. GALLAGHER. Married -- 3 children
Date and Place of Birth: February 27, 1938 New York, New York
Education: Bachelor of Civil Engineering - Manhattan College, N.Y. - 1959
Master of Civil Engineering (Sanitary) - N. Y. University, N.Y.-1962
Master of Public Health - University of Michigan - Ann Arbor - 1S63.
Experience:
Sept. 1970 Director, Division of Field Investigations - Denver Center - E.P.A.
to Present Plans, manages and directs a national program of technical
(March 71) assistance, field investigations and studies of water pollution
control problems. Provides consultation to Headquarters' pro-
grams, Regional Offices, Administration projects, other Federal
agencies, and to state, interstate and local agencies on water
quality programs. Provides expert technical testimony for the
EPA on various aspects of pollution in the Enforcement Program.
Dec. 1966 Chief, Engineering Services - SE Water Lab, Athens, Georgia - F.W.Q.A.
to Sept. Planned, organized and directed all aspects of technical water
1970 quality problems related to sanitary engineering and water re-
sources in general. This included supervision of a regional
engineering staff, administrative and budgetary requirements,
priority planning, liaison with other Federal, State and local
authorities involved in water quality control, and coordination
with FWPCA administrative programs.
Jan. 1964 Sanitary Engineer - TA&I, Cincinnati, Ohio - U.S.P.H.S.
to Dec. Responsible for the execution of stream pollution and industrial
1966 waste studies for the purpose of Federal enforcement actions.
This included planning and implementing development of studies
from the field reconnaissance phase to the preparation and pre-
sentation of the study report. Reports provided the technical
basis for decisions regarding the occurrence of pollution in
interstate streams and remedial measures recommended by the
studies and subsequent action have cost millions of dollars.
Oct. 1961 Assistant Engineer - New York City Health Department, N. Y.
to Sept.
1962
June 1959 Assistant Engineer - Interstate Sanitation Commission, N.Y., N.Y.
to Oct.1961
Professional Registration: Professional Engineer - States of Ohio and Georgia
Honors: Member - Delta Omega - National Public Health Honor Fraternity
-------
RESUME
Name: William C. Blackmail, Jr. Married -- 2 children
Date and Place of Birth: December 2, 1929 Maryvillc, Missouri
Education: B.S., Civil Engineering - University of Missouri - 1962.
M.S., Sanitary Engineering - University of Missouri - 1963.
Experience:
1970 - Chief, Pollution Evaluation Branch, DPI - Denver Center - E.P.A.
Present Conceive, plan, and supervise execution of water pollution
(Mar.1971) studies and investigations relative to abatement proceedings.
Scope of studies and investigations carried out includes
analyses of existing data, reconnaissance surveys, and compre-
hensive investigations of municipal, industrial, and agricultural
pollution of streams, impoundments, and estuaries. Exercise
personnel management, training, and career development functions
for multi-discipline staff.
1969-19 70 Chief, Operations Branch - Colorado River-Bonneville Basins
Office, Denver, Colorado - F.W.Q.A.
Conceived, planned, and supervised execution of Basins Office
functions in Construction Grants, Federal Activities, Enforce-
ment, Surveillance, STORET, Technical Assistance to States,
Special Projects (including acid mine drainage, pollution
associated with petroleum production, and pesticide pollution),
and State Program Grants.
1968-1969 Chieft Pollution Source Evaluation Section - Colorado River-
Bonneville Basins Office, Denver, Colorado - F.W.Q.A.
Planned and supervised execution of water quality studies
evaluating municipal, industrial, and agricultural pollution
sources and their effects on the Colorado River and tributaries.
1965-1968 Chief, Phoenix Field Station - USPHS and F.W.Q.A.
Duties were same as above, but included personnel management,
training, and administrative functions. Position was relocated
to Project Headquarters in Denver at time of completion of field
work.
1964-1965 Assistant Chief, Phoenix Field Station - U.S.P.H.S.
1963-1964 Staff Engineer, Phoenix Field Station - U.S.P.H.S.
Professional Registration:
Sanitary Engineer - Arizona
Professional Engineer - Missouri
Land Surveyor, Missouri
-------
RESUME
Name:
ALBERT E. METZI.ER
Harried -- 2 children
Date and Place of Birth: December 17, 1916 Pittsburgh, Penna.
Education: Carnegie Institute of Technology - Penna. 1940 - 1941
University of Denver - Denver, Colorado 1951 - 1952
Experience: Assistant Director, Division of Field Investigations - Denver
Oct. 19 70
to present
(March 71)
May 1964
to Oct.
1970
Center
E. P. A.
Serves as Assistant Director and excercises delegated authority
for the direction coodination and accomplishment of the managerial
phases of the Director's overall responsibility. Develops and
maintains good working relationships with other Federal agencies
and local community officials, representatives of State governments
private institutions, industry and universities. Conducts special
studies of a confidential or sensitive nature regarding problems
and recommendations on personnel matters, organizationa1 changes,
budgetary constraints, changes and shifts of emphasis on programs
and activities and public relationships. Acts for the Director
handling a variety of special projects with full responsibility
for assuring that appropriate actions are taken and completed.
Administrative Services Officer - Colorado River-Bonneville Basins
Office, Denver, Colorado - F. W. Q. A.
Assigned complete responsibility for all administrative management
aspects of the Project including planning, developing, negotiating,
coordinating, and providing for a variety of administrative services
necessary'for the operation and functioning of the Project's
headquarters office and several widely geographically dispersed
field stations ana laboratories.
June 1960 Sales Representative - Gates Rubber Company, Denver, Colorado
to May 1964
Jan. 1960 Office Services Manager, Stanley Aviation Company, Denver, Colo.
to Jun.
1960
Oct. 1955 Office Manager, Federal Envelope Company, Denver, Colorado
to Jan.
1960
-------
STATE ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAM OFFICIALS
Colorado
Glen E. Keller, Jr., President, Colorado State Board of Health
R. L. Cleere, Executive Director, State Department of Health
(SDH)
Dr. James Lodge, Chairman, Colorado Air Pollution Control
Coinmi ssion
P. W. Jacoe, Director, Division of Air, Occupational and
Radiation Hygiene, SDH
Tom TenEyck, Chairman, Colorado Water Pollution Control
Commi ssion
Frank Rozich, Director, Division of Water Pollution Control,
SDH
William H. Gahr, Director, Division of Engineering and
Sanitation, SDH
Montana
Mrs. Virginia Mann, Chairman, Montana State Board of Health
John S. Anderson, M. D., Executive Officer, Montana State
Department of Health (SDH)
John Hazen, President, Montana State Water Pollution Control
Counci1
Barry Nolan, Chairman, Montana Air Pollution Control Advisory
Council
Benjamin Wake, Director, Division of Air Pollution Control
and Industrial Hygiene (SDH)
C. W. Brinck, Director, Environmental Sanitation (SDK)(Water
Pollution, Water Supply, Solid Waste Management)
-------
North Dakota
Sister Mary Adrian, Chairman, North Dakota Health Council
James R. Amos, State Health Officer, North Dakota State
Department of Health (SDH)
Willis Van Heuvelen, Chairman, North Dakota Water Pollution
Board (also Executive Officer and Chief of Environmental
Health and Engineering Services for State Department of
Health
Norman L. Peterson, Director, Division of Water Supply and
Pollution Control (SDH)
Lloyd Ernest, Chairman, North Dakota Air Pollution Control
Advisory Council
Gene A. Christianson, Director, Division of Environmental
Engineering (SDH) (Air Pollution and Radiological Health)
John E. Lobb, Director, Environmental Sanitation and Food
Protection (SDH)(Solid Waste Management)
South Dakota
Robert H. Hayes, M. D., State Health Officer, South Dakota
State Department of Health (SDH)
Charles Carl, Secretary, Committee on Water Pollution (also
Director of Division of Sanitary Engineering - State
Department of Health)
Blaine B. Barker, Chief, Section of Water Pollution
Control (SDH)
Charles Carl, Executive Officer, South Dakota Air Pollution
Control Commission
Donald G. Kurvink, Chief, Occupational and Radiological
Health (Air Pollution) (SDH)
John A. Hatch, Chief, Section of Water Sanitation (SDH)
Howard Hutchings, Chief, Environmental Sanitation (Solid
Waste Management) (SDH)
-------
Utah
D. Keith Barnes, M.D., Chairman, Utah State Board of Health
Lyman J. Olsen, M.D., Acting Director, Utah State Division
of Health (SDH)
Grant Borg, Chairman, Utah Water Pollution Committee
Calvin K. Sudweeks, Chief, Water Quality Section (SDH)
Mrs. Phillip Frederick, Chairman, Utah Air Conservation
Commi ttee
Grant S. Winn, Chief, Air Quality Section (SDH)
Lynn M. Thatcher, Director, Bureau of Environmental Health
(SDH)
Dennis R. Dalley, Chief, Radiation and Occupational Health
Section (SDH)
Wyoming
Dr. Del mar Slagle, Vice President, Health Advisory Council
Lawrence J. Cohan, M.D., Director of Public Health, State
Department of Health (SDH)
Paul H. Westedt, Chairman, Air Quality Resources Council
Robert E. Sundin, Director, Industrial Hygiene (Air Pollution
Control and Radiological Health)(SDH)
W. A. Gibson, Chairman, Wyoming Stream Pollution Control
Advisory Council
Arthur E. Williamson, Director, Public Health Engineering
(SDH)(Water Pollution Control, Municipal Water Supplies
and Solid Waste Management)
-------
ENVIRONMENTAL INTEREST GROUPS AND CITIZEN LEADERS
Colorado
Colorado Association of Commerce and Industry
Mr. Frank Mori son, Chairman
Natural Resources Council, Denver
Active in environmental issues, particularly as
industry is affected.
Colorado Citizens for Clean Air
Dr. Ruth Weiner, Chairman
Denver
Active in seeking stronger air pollution control
legislation, standards, and regulations.
Colorado Committee for Environmental Information
Dr. H. Peter Metzger, President
Boulder
Active primarily in Colorado but affiliated with
other environmental protection groups across
the country through the Scientist's Institute
for Public Information.
Colorado Open Space Council
Mr. Martin "Lucky" Shore, President
Denver
Active in conservation activities in Colorado.
Colorado Water Conservation Board
Felix Sparks, Director
Denver
Active in water issues in Colorado
Federation of Rocky Mountain States
Jack Campbell, President
Denver
Active in a wide range of affairs affecting the six
states of Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado,
and New Mexico
-------
Keep Colorado Beautiful
Mrs. Robert Hemming,Executive Director
Denver
Active in anti-litter and other solid wastes programs
in Colorado.
National Environmental Health Association
Nicholas Pohlit5 Executive Director
Denver
Nation-wide professional association of sanitarians
and other environmental workers with local sections
in most states.
Rocky Mountain Center on the Environment
Roger P. Hansen, Executive Director
Denver
Active in conservation and environmental affairs
throughout the Rocky Mountain area with emphasis
in Colorado.
San Juan Ecological Society
Mr. C. A. Anderson, President
Durango
Active in ecological affairs in the Four-Corners
area of Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico.
Thorne Ecological Foundation
Dr. Beatrice Willard, Director
Boulder
Active in ecological and conservation programs
in the Rocky Mountain area.
Environmental Action
Colorado University Denver Center
Denver
Student group active in environmental affairs in
the Denver-Boulder area.
-------
Montana
Gals Against. Smog and Pollution (GASP)
Missoula
Active in seeking reduction in air pollution in
Missoula, especially as caused' by a nearby pulp
mill.
Montana Conservation Council
Don M. Drummond, President
Missoula
Active in conservation affairs in Montana.
Utah
Colorado River Water Users Association
L. Y. Siddoway, President
Vernal
Active in water affairs throughout the Colorado
River Basin.
Colorado River Wildlife Council
John B. Phelps, Chairman
Salt Lake City
Active in conservation affairs throughout Colorado
River Basin.
Upper Colorado River Commission
Mr. Ival Goslin, Executive Director
Salt Lake City
Active in water related affairs of the Upper Colorado
River Basin.
VJomens Legislative Council
Mrs. James W. Bel ess, Chairman
Salt Lake Ci ty
Active in seeking environmental and conservation
legislation in Utah.
-------
North Dakota
Central Environmental Council
Dr. Donald Scoby, Council Member
North Dakota State University
Fargo
Active in Fargo, North Dakota - Moorhead, Minnesota
and surrounding area.
Arizona
Colorado Plateau Environmental Advisory Council
Dr. Eric G. Walther, Executive Director
Flagstaff, Arizona
Active in coordinating environmental and ecological
information in the four-State Colorado Plateau area,
especially as affected by proposed coal-fired power-
generating facilities in the area.
Additional Environmental Groups
In addition to the above listing of groups5 many other
organizations with local units in some or all states of the
Region, are active in some phase of environmental affairs.
Examples of these organizations are:
a. Chambers of Commerce
b. League of Women Voters
c. American Association of University Women
d. Federated Womens Clubs
e. Sierra Club
f. Izaak Walton League
g. Regional Councils of Government
h. Municipal Leagues
i. State Public Health Associations
j. State Associations of Soil Conservation Districts
-------
k. State Water and Sewage Works Associations
1. "State Professional Societies -- Bar Associations,
Engineer Societies, Medical Associations, etc.
in. Service Clubs -- Rotary, Lions, Junior Chamber of
Commerce, e"tc.
n. State Tuberculosis and Respiratory Disease Associations
------- |