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SMC Martin Inc.
INVENTORY OF CLASS V
INJECTION WELLS IN THE
STATE OF MONTANA.
A Subsidiary of Science Management Corporation
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INVENTORY OF CLASS V
INJECTION WELLS IN THE
STATE OF MONTANA,
Submitted to:
U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency
Region VIII
Groundwater Protection Section
1860 Lincoln Street
Denver, CO 80295
Submitted by:
SMC Martin Inc.
900 W. Valley Forge Road
P. 0. Box 859
Valley Forge, PA 19482
Contract No. 68-01-6288
Task #24, Amendment #(b)
Ref: 8425-040-94001
March 1985
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Executive Summary 1
Introduction 5
The Underground Injection Control Program
Class V Wells
Purpose and Scope
Background 7
Methodology 10
Results and Assessment of Inventory 13
Ground-Water heat pump/cooling return flow wells 13
Mine backfill wells 19
Stormwater drainage wells 21
Landslide control drainage wells 24
Sanitary waste disposal wells 27
Maintaining an Updated Class V Well Inventory 29
Conclusions and Recommendations 31
Appendix A List of Inventory Contacts
B Completed Inventory Forms
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LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 Summary of Class V Injection Wells in
Montana 14
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 Distribution of Class V Injection Wells in
Montana 15
2 Typical precast stormwater drainage well
construction like that used n Missoula 2 3
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
A preliminary inventory of Class V injection wells in the
State of Montana, compiled by Dr. Howard Peavy and several
graduate students of the Department of Civil Engineering at
Montana State University. This preliminary inventory was
reviewed, evaluated, and completed by SMC Martin in accordance
with EPA Contract #68-01-6288,
A total of 4,587 Class V injection wells have been
inventoried by SMC Martin in Montana. The numbers and types of
wells inventoried, as well as the general geographic locations
and the primary sources of information for each category are
summarized below:
o Class VA ground-water heat pump/cooling return flow
wells - 20 such wells were found, located primarily in
northwestern Montana, near Libby and Kalispell and in
southwestern Montana, near Bozeman. The only drillers
in the State who install these types of wells were
found in these two areas and proved to be the primary
sources of this inventory information. The inventory
of ground-water heat pump/cooling return flow wells is
complete with respect to those injection wells
constructed by drillers,
o Class VW mine backfill wells - 10 such wells were
identified by the Bureau of Abandoned Mines, who has
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sole responsibility for mine backfilling operations in
Montana. Of this total, seven mine backfill well sites
were reported in Cascade County, western Montana. The
other three well sites were reported in Wibaux,
Daniels, and Powder River Counties in the eastern part
of the State. To date, the Bureau of Abandoned Mines
has completed only these ten mine backfill wells. All
of these wells have been permanently abandoned.
o Class VW sanitary waste disposal wells - Two such wells
were found to have been installed at the same facility
in Stockett. Cascade County sanitation authorities
were the source of this inventory information.
Additional sanitary waste disposal wells may be located
throughout Montana by manually reviewing county
sanitation authorities' permit files if they have been
maintained.
o Class VG landslide control drainage wells - An
estimated 55 such wells were identified by the State of
Montana Department of Highways at three sites in the
central and western part of the State: Route 238,
south of Lewistown (20 wells); Route 15 south of Dillon
(15 wells). Such well systems are constructed and used
solely by the Department of Highways. Thus far these
are the only landslide control drainage wells that have
been constructed in the State.
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o Class VD stormwater drainage wells - All stormwater
drainage wells that were identified in Montana were
found in the Missoula vicinity where permeable sand and
gravel allow surface water to infiltrate rapidly.
Missoula City Engineers Department estimates that
4,000-5,000 such wells have been constructed for
municipal drainage of stormwater. This Department
estimates that thousands more are used for private
stormwater drainage. All private stormwater drainage
wells in the Missoula vicinity could be inventoried
through a manual review of the building permit files of
the Missoula Buildings Department, which permits all
private stormwater drainage wells. By working closely
with the Missoula City Engineers Department, an
accurate inventory of municipal stormwater drainage
wells could be compiled.
The environmental impact of Class V wells in Montana, when
considered on a statewide basis, is limited and localized.
However, site specific assessments are needed to evaluate the
impact of mine backfill wells, sanitary waste disposal wells,
and stormwater drainage wells. Heat pump/cooling water return
flow wells and landslide control drainage wells generally have
minor impacts which are usually limited to the immediate
vicinity of the well.
A current inventory of Class V injection wells can be
effectively maintained by periodic updating. Mine backfill
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wells and landslide control drainage wells are currently
permitted by the Bureau of Abandoned Mines and the Department of
Highways, respectively. Municipal stormwater drainage wells in
Missoula are constructed and maintained by the Engineers
Department. Private drainage wells are permitted by the Building
Department. Sanitary waste disposal wells are permitted by
county sanitation authorities. Continued cooperation between
these government agencies and the EPA would enable a current
inventory of these wells to be maintained. However, heat
pump/cooling water return flow wells are currently not regulated
by any state agency. An updated inventory of these wells can
best be maintained by requiring drillers to obtain permits for
injection, as well as large supply wells, from the Water
Resources Division, Department of Natural Resources and
Conservation.
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INTRODUCTION
According to the regulations of the Underground Injection
Control (UIC) program, an injection well is a drilled, driven,
or dug hole whose depth is greater than the largest surface
dimensions and which is used for the subsurface emplacement of
fluids. These wells are used for a variety of purposes
including aquifer recharge, drainage, the production of oil,
gas, and minerals, and waste disposal. Due to misuse and/or
improper design, construction, operation, or abandonment,
injection wells may be a significant threat to ground-water
drinking sources. The aim of the UIC program is to prevent or
alleviate deterioration of the quality of existing and potential
underground sources of drinking water.
Class V injection wells have been defined by the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as all those wells
not incorporated in Classes I through IV (40 CFR 146.05e).
Class V wells include the following:
1. Ground-water heat pump return flow wells.
2. Cooling water return flow wells
3. Drainage wells
4. Recharge wells
5. Sand backfill wells and other backfill wells.
6. Sanitary waste disposal wells
7. Subsidence control wells
8. Radioactive waste disposal wells other than Class IV.
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9. Geothermal return flow wells.
10. Wells used for solution mining of conventional mines
such as stope leaching.
11. Wells used to injection spent brine after extraction of
halogens or their salts.
12. Experimental wells
13. Shale oil-related wells
14. Municipal and industrial disposal wells other than
Class I.
Though Class V wells are reported to account for more than
61 percent of the total number of injection wells in this
country, at present there is little information on the extent,
operation, and impact of Class V wells. This lack of
information has prevented development of a suitable regulatory
approach. Proper regulation therefore requires an inventory of
such wells in each state.
The purpose of this study is to review and evaluate the
existing inventory of Class V wells for the State of Montana,
complete the Class V inventory, and assess the environmental
impact of each type of injection well found in Montana.
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BACKGROUND
In October 1982, an inventory of Class V wells was initiated
by Dr. Howard Peavy, and several graduate students, Kathy
Miller-Hoard, Margie Regan, and Barbara Karlsen, of the Civil
Engineering Department of Montana State University. During the
ensuing year, an inventory was compiled by telephone interviews
and correspondence with various federal, state, county, and
municipal agencies, as well as industrial firms, drillers, pump
sales and service companies, and private individuals. Leads
obtained through these agencies or through contacts provided by
these agencies were pursued until an injection well was located,
the caller was convinced that there was no injection well, or
the information was considered unobtainable. No site visits or
field inspections were made. This inventory was completed in
September 1983.
All county sanitation officers were initially contacted
through letters stating the purpose of the survey and describing
the types of Class V wells. The sanitarians were requested to
list all Class V facilities in their counties. Telephone calls
were subsequently made to verify information and obtain other
sources of information.
All drillers listed in the yellow pages of Montana telephone
directories were also contacted. Information given by a driller
concerning an injection well, if incomplete, was followed up
with a telephone call to the owner of the well.
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Additionally, pump sales and service companies were
contacted. Although the amount of information they provided was
limited, they were occasionally able to give the names of
unlisted local well drillers, who were then contacted.
The completed Montana State University inventory listed a
total of ten Class V injection wells representing two different
types. Eight of these wells were type VA—seven were used to
reinject water from ground-water heat pumps, and one was used to
reinject the return flow of a ground-water cooling operation.
The other two Class V injection wells identified were backfill
wells, type VX, in which coal mine spoils were pneumatically
pumped back into mine workings. The inventory report concluded
that there are few Class V injection wells in Montana.
The survey conducted by the Montana State University group
appears to have been thorough in its scope and approach.
Contacting government agencies at different levels made it
possible to obtain and cross-reference information from very
accessible sources who are best informed within particular
geographic limits and also with certain types of Class V wells.
For example: sanitarians would be aware of Class V sanitary
waste disposal wells in their county; the State Department of
Highways would be involved statewide with of Class V landslide
control drainage wells; municipal building inspectors would be
familiar with Class V storm water drainage wells within city
limits. Drillers had first-hand knowledge of wells they
constructed. Drillers are also primarily responsible for the
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installation of heat pumps, which were found to most often
inject the return flow. Industry has commonly used Class V
injection wells for the disposal of waste, backfilling of mines,
and cooling operations which inject return flow.
Through initial contacts, the survey group appears to have
acquired secondary contacts, thus increasing their data base.
Often subsequent calls or correspondence were used to verify
information or enlist further help. Leads seem to have been
followed until a well was located or was considered not to
exist.
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METHODOLOGY
To assess and evaluate the inventory of Class V injection
wells compiled by Montana State University, and to complete that
inventory as necessary, an extensive series of telephone
interviews were conducted by SMC Martin. The scope of this data
collection effort included:
Federal Agencies
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
U.S. Park Service
U.S. Geological Survey
State Agencies
Department of Health and Environmental Sciences
Bureau of Water Quality Bureau
Bureau of Solid Waste Management
Department of Natural Resources and Conservation
Oil and Gas Conservation Division
Water Resources Division
Bureau of Water Rights
Department of State Lands
Land Administration Division
Reclamation Division
Bureau of Abandoned Mines
Department of Highways
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County Agencies
Sanitarians representing the following
counties: Cascade, Choteau, Liberty, Gallatin,
Missoula, Mineral, Silver Bow, Yellowstone, Lewis and
Clark, Meagher, Flathead, Judith Basin, Golden Valley,
Wheatland, Petroleum.
Municipal Agencies
Missoula City Engineer
Missoula Streets Department
Butte Metro Sewer
Universities and Colleges
Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology
Bureau of Mines and Geology
Montana State University
Water Resources Research Center
Department of Earth Sciences
University of Montana
Department of Geology
Water Well Drillers in the State of Montana
(listed in Appendix A)
Heating and Plumbing Supply Companies
McClees Heating & Insulation Co.
National Pipe Company
Price Right Plumbing
Organizations
National Water Well Association
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Individuals and Businesses (listed in Appendix A)
Industry
Decker Coal Company
American Dental Plating
Ravalli Creamery
Whether previously inventoried and confirmed, or
newly-inventoried, the following information was compiled for
all Class V injection wells:
1. Facility name and location.
2. Name and address of legal contact.
3. Ownership of the facility.
4. General nature, type, and number of injection wells.
5. Operational status of the injection wells.
When supplied, typical construction and methods of construction
for each type of Class V injection well were also supplied. The
results of this effort are presented in the following section.
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RESULTS
Approximately 4,587 Class V injection wells were inventoried
by SMC Martin in the State of Montana. This total number
represents four types of Class V injection wells:
o 20 Class VA ground-water heat pump/cooling water return
flow wells;
o 10 Class VW mine backfill wells;
o 2 Class VW sanitary waste disposal wells;
o Approximately 55 Class VG landslide control drainage
wells;
o Approximately 4,500 Class VD stormwater drainage
wells.
Inventory forms have been completed for these Class V
injection wells (except the 4,500 Class VD wells); all inventory
forms are compiled in Appendix B. Table 1 lists all Class V
injection wells verified and inventoried in this effort. The
distribution of Class V injection wells in Montana is presented
on Figure 1. Individual well classes are discussed in more
detail below.
GROUND-WATER HEAT PUMP/COOLING RETURN FLOW WELLS
Twenty active Class VA injection wells, constructed to
return the water from heat pumps to the ground-water system,
were inventoried. Eight heat pump return flow wells previously
noted by the Montana State University group were verified in
this study, and an additional twelve such wells identified.
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TABLE 1
SUMMARY OF CLASS V INJECTION WELLS IN MONTANA
Well Class/Type
Operational
Status
Total Wells
Active
Permanently
Abandoned
VA
Heat Pump/Cooling
Return Flow Wells
20
20
VW
Mine Backfill Wells
Sanitary Waste
Disposal Wells
0
2
10*
10*
2
VG
Landslide Control
Drainage Wells
55**
55**
VD
Stormwater Drainage
Wells
4,500**
4,500**
Totals
4,577**
10*
4,587**
* Approved by State
** Estimated
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Figure 1. Distribution of Class V Injection Wells in Montana.
.13
.17
.2
.3
.1 6
y
UL
.1 1
18
.5
XO
fr-\l
.1 4
6
.9
.8
.1 5
.19
Heat Pump/Cooling Return Well
Stonnwater Drainage Well
Sanitary Waste Disposal Well
Landslide Control Drainage Well
Mine Backfill Well
1. Libby 5 HP/CRW
2. Kalispell 3 HP/CRW
3. Big Fork 1 HP/CRW
4. Missoula 4500 SDW
5. Hamiltion 1 HP/CRW
6. Dillon 15 LCDW
7. Bozeman 1 HP/CRW
8. Belgrade 2 HP/CRW
9. Manhattan 3 HP/CRW
10. Craig 20 LCDW
11. Stockett 1 SWDW
12. Cascade County 7 MBW
13. Hogeland 2 HP/CRW
14. Lewistovn 20 LCDW
15. Decker 1 HP/CRW
16. Wolf Point 1 HP/CRW
17. Wilbaux 1 MBW
18. Broadus 1 MBW
19. Scobey 1 MBW
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Most of these additional heat pump/cooling return flow wells
were constructed during the time gap between the completion of
the Montana State University inventory and the initiation of the
current inventory. Ten of the additional heat pump/cooling
return flow wells were constructed by the same drillers who had
installed the return flow wells previously reported by the
university.
Two other heat pump return flow wells could not be
inventoried because the owner's name and address could not be
obtained. One of two wells was reported in the vicinity of
Emmigrant; the other was reported by the driller who constructed
it to be on Broadwater Street in Billings.
During the current inventory effort, SMC Martin has
contacted most of the water well drillers in the State to
determine who had constructed ground-water heat pump return flow
wells. Of the 28 drillers contacted, only three have installed
heat pumps and drilled return flow injection wells, while
several others had constructed return flow wells under
subcontract to specific installers. This methodology, however,
was not feasible for locating existing wells or other shallow
heat pump return flow injection wells which could have been
installed by the owners. Such wells could be constructed with a
backhoe or by hand and would not require the services of a
driller. These return flow wells could only be inventoried if
the owners or heat contractors notified the EPA. Despite this
potential data gap, however, it appears that the majority of
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heat pump return flow wells in Montana were constructed by
drillers.
Drillers, heating contractors, well service/supply
companies, and other individuals suggested that the apparent
limited use of ground-water heat pumps may be attributed to
several factors, including a lack of ambitious marketing,
availability and low prices of heating fuels (gas, oil, wood),
and possibly cautious acceptance of an 'experimental' heating
system. Excellent surface drainage and rapid surface water
infiltration in much of Montana may specifically limit the use
of heat pump return flow injection wells. Where possible and
convenient, surface drainage of heat pump return flow may be
preferred to injection because of the additional cost incurred
for the construction of a return flow well.
Heat pump return flow wells were found in two primary
regions: the northwestern part of Montana, including Kalispell,
Big Fork, and Libby; and in the vicinity of Bozeman,
southwestern Montana. Two wells were located in Hogeland, in
north-central Montana, and another was located further east in
Wolf Point. In the southeastern part of the State, near the
Wyoming border, a return flow well used in conjunction with a
heat pump for cooling purposes was constructed by the Decker
Coal Company, Decker, Montana. Another return flow well for
cooling purposes was constructed by Ravalli Creamery, Hamilton,
Montana.
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With the exception of the Decker Coal Company and the
Ravalli Creamery cases noted above, the return flow wells
inventoried were constructed for heat pumps installed in private
residences and/or small business establishments. The
distribution of these nonindustrial heat pumps can be explained
by the limited number of drillers installing them and the
geographical locations of those drillers. Van Dyken Drilling
Company in Bozeman was responsible for the installation of heat
pumps and the construction of return flow wells in the Bozeman
area, Gold Brick Drilling Company constructed those near their
shop in Libby, and Billmayer Water Supply in Kalispell completed
those in the Kalispell and Hogeland areas.
Typically, the heat pump return flow wells reported in this
inventory were drilled, cased with 6-inch casing to a depth just
above or partially penetrating the supply aquifer. The
injection zone was either screened with slotted casing or left
unscreened. An exception was a return flow well 15 to 20 feet
deep and constructed of 27-inch diameter tile. The depth of
heat pump return flow wells was dependent on the local
hydrogeology and ranged from 15 feet to 2 00 feet.
Generally, injection wells in these systems are separate
from the supply wells, although one system which injects into
the supply well at a different depth than the intake was
inventoried. Injection in all of these wells was under gravity
pressure.
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There are a number of potential impacts of heat pump return
flow wells on ground-water aquifers. Changes in temperature and
pressure can affect aquifer chemical reaction rates, mineral
stability, and the activity of biota. If foreign bacteria or
materials (such as freon or pipe scales) or air are introduced
into an aquifer, they could have a disruptive effect. If the
supply and recharge wells were screened in different aquifers,
the resulting mixing of waters from different aquifers could
affect the receiving aquifer's chemistry and water quality. The
potential impact of ground-water heat pumps, therefore, could
include changed redox reactions and altered geochemistry,
reduced permeability, and introduction of freon and other
contaminants into the receiving aquifer.
None of the effects listed above, however, have been
reported in Montana. Properly constructed and maintained
ground-water heat pump systems have generally been found to
cause no degradation of ground-water quality. Any impacts which
do occur are generally minor and restricted to the vicinity of
the wellbore. The few heat pump return flow wells in Montana
and their sparse distribution further limit potential
environmental impacts on a large scale.
MINE BACKFILL WELLS
Two mine backfill wells had previously been noted by the
Montana State University group. These were verified in this
study and an additional eight such wells were identified.
Backfilling of these eight additional mines was conducted after
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the completion of the Montana State University inventory. The
ten mine backfill wells that have been inventoried represent all
of the sursurface mine backfilling operations completed by the
Bureau of Abandoned Mines which has sole responsibility in
Montana for such activities.
Mine backfill wells have been completed at the following
mines in Cascade County, western Montana: #5 Coulee Mouth,
NW Centerville, North Belt, Brown, Surmi Mine, East Belt Mines,
Pilgaram Project, Armington Coulee Demonstration Project. The
other three mine backfill wells, Black Diamond, Lekvold-Shaw,
and North Star are located in Wibaux, Daniels, and Powder River
Counties, respectively, in the eastern part of the State.
At each site in Cascade County, mine waste was pneumatically
injected as an air slurry into the subsurface mines. Mine waste
at Lekvold-Shaw in Daniels County was injected as a water
slurry. Gravity flush stowing was used at the Black Diamond
mine in Wibaux County and at the North Star mine in Powder River
County. Upon completion of backfilling operations, all of the
sites were permanently abandoned. Reclamation of these sites
was considered successful.
Special problems may result from mine backfill operations.
Ground water migrating through the backfilled mine voids can
leach high concentrations of acid, salts, and/or heavy metals
from the backfill material depending upon its specific
characteristics. As the backfilled mines are typically fairly
large, the quantities of such leachates can be significant and
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the contaminant concentrations can be high (due to the extended
contact time in the workings).
Detailed field inspection would be necessary to assess the
site specific impacts at any given operation. It can be safely
assumed, however, that as many of these backfilling operations
are undertaken as part of an environmental or health and
safety-oriented remediation measure, extensive previous
evaluation has indicated benefits far outweigh detrimental
impacts.
STORMWATER DRAINAGE WELLS
The use of stormwater drainage wells is probably limited to
the Missoula area due to its unique geological setting. During
the Pleistocene Age, glacial Lake Missoula filled the valley in
which the city of Missoula is now situated. Unconsolidated sand
and gravel, deposited on the lake's bottom by tributary inflow
and floods, underlie much of the Missoula area. These coarser
sediments are very permeable and act as shallow aquifers,
allowing water to infiltrate very quickly. Stormwater runoff
and drainage from the streets and nearby hills is easily
conducted into the coarser sediments of the glacial lake
deposits.
The Missoula City Engineers Department estimates that the
City has constructed approximately 4,000 to 5,000 municipal
stormwater drainage wells, Class VD, in the City of Missoula and
contiguous areas. This estimate is based upon the number of
streets and intersections in the Missoula area, as there are
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four stormwater drainage wells at almost every intersection.
SMC Martin conservatively inventoried the total number of
stormwater drainage wells at 4,500. No other municipal
stormwater drainage wells have been located in Montana.
Stormwater drainage wells constructed by restaurants,
motels, shopping centers, and other commercial establishments in
Missoula could not be inventoried. Because commercial
establishments in Missoula are required to construct one
drainage well for every 10,000 square feet to drain stormwater
on site, private Class VD wells are probably extensively and
widely used. Their construction conforms to the specifications
of those stormwater drainage wells constructed by the City.
Completion of an inventory of these stormwater drainage wells
was beyond the scope of this study.
As illustrated in Figure 2, municipal stormwater drainage
wells in the Missoula area are typically constructed of a
precast concrete cylindrical base section, open at the top and
bottom and often perforated along the sides, onto which a
precast concrete corbeled section is placed. These sections are
placed into a hole excavated by a backhoe to a depth of at least
eleven feet. This hole has a diameter of at least ten feet and
has a three-foot thick base of screened four-inch crusher
stone. When the base and corbeled section are emplaced, more
screened four-inch crusher stone is used to line the outer three
feet of the base section. In cases where gravel is very near
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Screened 4" cnjsher stoned
Figure 2. Typical precast *toravater drainage well construction
like that used in Missoula.
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the surface, the corbeled section with the inlet grate is
directly emplaced upon the three and one-half feet of crusher
stone.
Of all the Class V injection wells inventoried in this
report, the environmental impact of stormwater drainage wells is
potentially the most significant. All contaminants originating
on the streets, roads, parking lots, and other open areas of
Missoula requiring such drainage could be flushed into the
shallow ground-water aquifers. These contaminants could
include: 1) tar and residues from street paving and roofs;
2) antifreeze, oils, and gasoline from cars, buses, trucks, and
other fuel-powered engines; 3) spills of liquid wastes, oils,
industrial solvents and chemicals from traffic accidents
involving tanker trucks; and 4) solvents, oils, and cleaning
materials dumped by small shops and stores. The potential for
adverse environmental impact on ground-water aquifers may
therefore be relatively high. Further study of the potential
impacts of this well in this specific geologic setting is
required.
LANDSLIDE CONTROL DRAINAGE WELLS
Approximately 55 Class VG drainage wells have been
constructed in Montana by the Department of Highways for the
purpose of landslide control along state highways. According to
the Department of Highways, these wells are located at three
sites: U.S. Route 15 near Craig, western Montana (20 wells);
U.S. Route 15 south of Dillon, southwestern Montana (15 wells);
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Route 238 south of Lewistown, central Montana (20 wells). These
wells are placed to reduce the potential for continued sliding
at landslide-prone areas by dewatering the active slide area,
thus removing a potential "lubricant." Without this dewatering,
ground-water in this unstable sediment debris increases its
weight and decreases resistance to shearing, thus increasing the
likelihood of continued or new sliding.
The Department of Highways presently uses two different
kinds of vertical drainage wells to dewater slide area. At the
Craig and Lewistown sites, galleries have been constructed which
consist of two or three clusters of vertical gravity drainage
wells, each cluster containing individual boreholes spaced
several feet apart. The vertical drainage wells are drilled on
the center of the high part of the landslide to depths up to
100 feet. Horizontal/subhorizontal drains up to 500 feet in
length are drilled from stable ground downgradient of the
landslide to intersect the vertical drainage wells near their
bases resulting in an L configuration. This configuration tends
to drain the ground water in the vertical wells off the slide
area and into the highway drainage system. The water levels in
the vertical wells are monitored while the horizontal/sub-
horizontal drains are being drilled to ensure that the wells are
properly intercepted; a sudden drop in water level indicates
that the horizontal/subhorizontal drain has intercepted the
vertical drainage wells. Often several horizontal/subhorizontal
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boreholes are drilled before a good connection is obtained and
the drain is completed.
All the vertical drainage wells and the horizontal/sub-
horizontal drains are drilled with a rotary rig. The borehole
diameters of the vertical drainage wells and the borehole
diameters in these horizontal/subhorizontal drains vary from 4
to 12 inches and their construction is variable. Some have only
a short steel or PVC surface casing; others are cased to various
depths with tiles or steel or PVC casing. Many of the vertical
wells at all three sites are gravel or sand packed. Since the
purpose of the vertical drain wells is to drain ground water
from landslides, including perched ground water, all of these
wells are carefully constructed to allow maximum ground-water
drainage and to prevent any surface water from entering the
well. Near the ground surface, the annular area of the borehole
between the casing and the slide material is grouted with
bentonite or some other impermeable mud grout. All surface
runoff is drained primarily with diversion drains on the
perimeter of the landslide.
The vertical drainage wells installed by the Department of
Highways south of Dillon drain shallow ground water from the
Pipe Organ Landslide and inject it via gravity pressure into a
vuggy limestone of the underlying Madison Formation. These
wells are 200 to 250 feet in depth and penetrate approximately
150 feet into the Madison Formation. They are all constructed
with steel or PVC casing and are cased to just above total
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depth. Other construction characteristics of these wells are
similar to those noted above for the gallery drains.
Vertical landslide control drainage wells are designed to
drain on site ground water that has infiltrated into the
landslide from rainfall and local runoff. They are located in
areas that are relatively unpopulated. There are no oil fields,
mines, surface of subsurface waste disposal sites, or other
possible potential sources of industrial contamination nearby
these sites. For these reasons, the potential environmental
impact of landslide control drainage wells that have been
properly constructed is relatively low.
SANITARY WASTE DISPOSAL WELLS
SMC Martin contacted sanitarians representing 17 of the
56 counties in Montana. Only one individual identified a
Class V sanitary waste disposal well. Many others stated that
sanitary waste disposal systems which depart from standard
septic tank leachfield systems may have been installed in their
counties. If present, these wells were either older systems
installed prior to permitting, systems which were installed
without the explicit permission of county health authorities, of
alternative systems installed because of the malfunctioning of
or inability to utilize a standard leachfield system. The
permitted sanitary waste disposal wells could only be
inventoried if county sanitarians notified EPA, or if EPA
reviewed county health authority permit files. To review the
county sanitation files of all the counties in Montana would
27
-------
require a trip to each sanitation office; this would beyond the
scope of this study.
Two sanitary waste disposal wells, Class VW injection wells,
were identified in the current inventory effort. The.
inventoried wells, which had not been identified in the Montana
State University inventory, receive wastewater effluent from
the septic tanks of 14 to 18 households. These wells, located
in Stockett, Montana, are constructed with two precast concrete
bases, six feet high and six feet in diameter. The base
sections are emplaced side by side in a 12-foot square hole
which is lined with one and one-half inch gravel.
The potential for adverse environmental impacts from septic
systems, especially sanitary waste disposal wells in which the
treatment process is even more incomplete than that of a septic
tank and leachfield, is relatively high. Many diseases
originating from bacterial and viral pathogens are transmitted
through the contamination of ground water by household
wastewater effluent. However, a site specific assessment is
needed to determine the effects, if any, that sanitary waste
disposal.wells have on the ground water and its users.
28
-------
MAINTAINING AN UPDATED CLASS V WELL INVENTORY
This completed Class V injection well inventory can be
maintained with periodic updating by the EPA who has primacy in
Montana. To facilitate the updating of landslide control
drainage wells, EPA should contact the Department of Highways
regarding the recent and ongoing construction of such well
systems. The Bureau of Abandoned Mines, the agency solely
responsible for the backfilling of abandoned mines could provide
periodic updates on mine backfill injection wells. Maintaining
a complete and updated inventory of heat pump/cooling water
return flow wells may best be accomplished by requiring the
installers of these wells to notify the EPA. Water well
drillers must submit well logs to the Bureau of Mines and
Geology for each well they drill. Requiring drillers to
indicate whether the well is to be used for injection purposes
would allow an updated inventory of return flow wells
constructed by drillers to be maintained. This accounts for
most,if not all, of the return flow wells constructed. Heat
pump installers could also be required to notify the State if an
injection well is used. Inventories of sanitary waste disposal
wells and stormwater drainage wells could be established and
maintained by the cooperation of the EPA and the appropriate
governmental agencies. County sanitation authorities permit all
sanitary waste disposal wells. The Missoula Building Department
29
-------
permits all private stormwater drainage wells and the Engineers
Department constructs and maintains all municipal stormwater
drainage wells.
30
-------
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Though 4,587 Class V injection wells were inventoried in the
state of Montana, these wells represent only five Class V well
types found in a limited number of locations. With the
exception of stormwater drainage wells in the Missoula area,
which represent a special case, the number of Class V wells in
Montana is relatively small. When considered on a statewide
basis, the potential adverse environmental effects of Class V
wells are limited and localized. Conclusions and
recommendations are summarized below:
o Class VA ground-water heat pump/cooling return flow
wells - Most of the ground-water heat pump/cooling
return flow wells (15 of the 22 wells inventoried) were
located within two small geographic regions. All such
wells constructed by drillers, with the exception of
the wells in Billings and in Emmigrant that could not
be verified, have been inventoried. Inventorying
return flow wells that were constructed by the owner,
or were existing wells later used for injection, is
beyond the practical limits of this study.
Ground-water heat pump/cooling return flow wells
generally have only minor environmental impacts which
are usually limited to the vicinity of the wellbore.
o Class VW mine backfill wells - 7 of the 10 permanently
abandoned mine backfill wells inventoried were found in
31
-------
Cascade County, western Montana. The other three such
wells were found in the eastern part of the state in
Wilbaun, Daniels, and Powder River Counties. These
wells were reported by the Bureau of Abandoned Mines,
who has sole responsibility for the backfilling of
abandoned mines. With respect to the completeness of
this inventory, all mine backfill wells have been
reported by the Bureau of Abandoned Mines. Mine
backfill wells impact ground-water quality in the
vicinity of the project. Site specific study, however,
is needed to determine the nature and extent of the
degradation.
o Class VW sanitary waste disposal wells - Only two
sanitary waste disposal wells were identified in
Montana. These wells were constructed for a single
multifamily septic system in Stockett and are presently
being used. The inventory of sanitary waste disposal
wells may be incomplete. EPA should contact county
sanitation authorities concerning waste disposal
wells. A more reasonable assessment of the number of
these wells could be obtained by a review of permits in
County sanitation files. This was beyond the scope of
this study. Sanitary waste disposal wells degrade
local ground-water quality and introduce
microorganisms. Site specific assessment is needed to
evaluate the impact and extent of this degradation.
32
-------
However, their low numbers would limit their effects,
o Class VG landslide control drainage wells. An
estimated 55 vertical landslide control drainage wells
have been identified by the State of Montana Department
of Highways. Two sites where these wells have been
constructed are in western Montana, one site is in
central Montana. Landslide control drainage wells
seem to have minimal environmental impact which appears
to be restricted to the project area,
o Class VD stormwater drainage wells - 4,500 municipal
stormwater drainage wells have been constructed by the
Missoula City Engineers Department. This comprises
9 6 percent of the total inventory. Thousands of
privately owned stormwater drainage wells have also
been estimated by the Missoula City Engineers
Department. All of these wells are located in the
vicinity of Missoula due to its unique geological
setting. Because these wells are extensively used in
this area, they could significantly impact ground-water
quality. Detailed study of these injection wells is
needed to assess their impact however. It is
recommended that an assessment of the effects of these
wells on the underlying ground-water aquifers be
conducted prior to completing the inventory because an
inventory of all municipal and private stormwater
drainage wells would be time consuming and costly. If
33
-------
found to be an actual source of significant
contamination, this inventory should be completed
immediately. Privately-owned stormwater drainage wells
could be inventoried by reviewing the Missoula Building
Department's permit files and by informing the owners
that they must notify the EPA. By working closely with
the Missoula City Engineers Department, an accurate
inventory of municipal stormwater drainage wells could
be compiled.
34
-------
APPENDIX A
LIST OF INVENTORY CONTACTS
-------
Federal Government Agencies
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Region VIII Office
Paul Osborn
Montana Office
Bill Engle
U.S. National Park Service
Glacial National Park
Keith Felbaum
J. Evans
U.S. Geological Survey
Joe Moreland
State Government Agencies
State of Montana Department of Highways
Joe Armstrong
Carl Peil
Department of Health and Environmental Sciences
Bureau of Solid Waste Management
Dwayne Robertson
Jim Melstead
Craig Browner
Bureau of Water Quality
Fred Schuman
Department of State Lands
Lands Administration Division
Rod Sandahl
Mineral Leasing Bureau
Karen Luke
Reclamation Division
Bureau of Abandoned Mines
Dick Juntenen
Susan McAnally
Benjamin Mundie
-------
Department of Natural Resources and Conservation
Water Resources Division
Bureau of Water Quality
Bureau of Water Rights
Oil and Gas Conservation Division
D. Richman
Tom Richmond
County Sanitation Offices
Cascade, Chouteau, Liberty Counties
Bob Stevenson
Flathead County
Glenn Gray
Gallatin
Tim Read
Lewis and Clark County
Will Selser
Meagher County
Raymond Hedrick
Missoula, Mineral Counties
Dan Corti
Silver Bow
Rick Larson
Fergus, Golden Valley, Judith Basin, Musselshell, Petroleum,
Wheatland Counties
Yellowstone County
Gary Bradshaw
Municipal Government Agencies
Missoula City Engineers Department
Joe Aldegarie
Bruce Bender
Butte Metro Sewer
William Pasco
-------
Universities and Colleges
Montana College of Mineral Science and Technology
Bureau of Mines and Geology
Hydrology Division
Tom Patton
Marvin Miller
John Sonderegger
Montana State University
Earth Sciences Department
Steve Custer
Water Resources Research Center
Howard Peavy
University of Montana
Department of Geology
Bill Woesser
Water Well Drillers
A. F. Welch Drilling
Airo Drilling
B&H Drilling
Barcus Drilling Co.
Bertram Drilling Co.
Big Horn Drilling
Billmayer's Water Supply
Boyce Drilling Co.
Bum Petrie
Camp Well Drilling & Pump Supply
Chamber1in Pump Inc.
Chambers Drilling
Davis Drilling
E. C. Gendron & Sons
Eaton Drilling Co.
Gold Brick Drilling
Hiline Drilling Service
Hunt Drilling
Liberty Drilling
Lindsay Drilling
Jacobsen Drilling Co.
O'Keefe Drilling Co.
Pat Byrne Drilling Co.
Roy D. Pierce Drilling
Red Tiger Irrigation Drilling & Supply
Summit Drilling Co.
VanDyken Drilling Co.
Whitmer Drilling
-------
Heating and Plumbing Supply Companies
McClees Heating and Insulation Co.
National Pipe Co.
Price-Right Plumbing
Organizations
National Water Well Association
Individuals and Businesses
Robert Klasner
Don Nell
Bernard Westra
Stuart Veltkamp
Enos Oyler
Jim Marx
Bill Davis
Lionel Flynn
Gene Billmayer
Jim Billmayer
Karen Crick
Industry
Decker Coal Company
Jim Bowlby
American Dental Plating
Ravalli Creamery
David Huls
-------
APPENDIX B
COMPLETED INVENTORY FORMS, FINAL INVENTORY
FOR CLASS V INJECTION WELLS IN THE
STATE OF MONTANA
-------
PUjM^gjIn^^Jrjjwr^B^ELITEJrgjwT&j^^tj^^bjifai^jjjj^wlj^lNJTROCTIOtCJBNREVERM!
*>EPA
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL protection agency
OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELL*
fTM» Infomallon U cofl«ef«d under
thm mithoHtf of th0 Smtm Dtlnklng Wmtmt Act*)
Form Approved Q*fP Wo. I38-R0I70
III. TRANSACTION TYPE CX- on»)
D '• DIUITION
0 a. pmiT timk intkt
|J] >. CHtNtI or INTHV
IV. FACILITY NAME AND LOCATION
». TYPE fmmHt 'X')
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'• Ql. OP*RATOR~
IT
B. NAME (IbiU htm, & middle mittml)
C. PHQNt (ar«« cod* fc no,)
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VI. WELT 1RFOTHATI0W]
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pa ¦ permanently abandoned and approved by state an ¦ permanently abandoned and not approved by state
A
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AND TYPE
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O. COMMENTS(eptlonmt)
65 feet deep, 6 inches wide steel casing
Heat pump return flow discharge well
-------
vyEPA
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL protection agency
OFFICt of OftlNKlNG WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELIS
fTM« information f« coltmetod tmdor
ihm muthoHtf ot tho Smtm Dr«l»«<»^»fj»^2ljrtIN$TJ0CTI0N50J^^VSRJ^
FormApproradOMBNo^SS^ROWOi
III. TRANSACTION TYPE (•X• or-)
D '• DIL1TION
Q a. PIMT TIME INTRV
(p I. CHANII or ENTRY
V. LEGAL CONTACT. TYPE, NAME. PHONE. MAILING ADDRESS, AND OWNERSHIP]
A. TYPE (mm* •X•)
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AND TYPE
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D. COMMENTS (optional)
EPA Ffwm 7S00-4S (11-79)
Return flow of.-.heat pump/air conditioning unit is injected
into 15' - 20' well constructed of 27" diameter tiles.
-------
FormA^roredOMBNo^lSS^RO^O
III. TRANSACTION TYPE CX- on.)
O I. DILITION
0 a. FIRST TIM* IMTHY
(jP I. C H A NO ( OF ENTRY
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PA ¦ PERMANENTLY ABANOONEO ANO APPROVED BY iTATE AN ¦ PERMANENTLY ABANDONED AND NOT APPROVED BY STATE
A
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B.
TOTAL
C
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ANO
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200', 8" diameter well is used as water source for 3 heat
pump/air conditioning units. One unit discharges back into
the supply well. This unit is used by the Crick residence
next to the shop: 135 Kelly Road.
The other 2 units discharge the return flow into a 180'
deep, 6" diameter steel cased well.
-4§ (11-79)
-------
ft—.» print «r trw wl» «« ELITE hr»—In rt»« «>»«*«< »r— ->\r. IHITWUCTIOHS OH REVERSE
Form Approred OMR No. I58-R0I70
SEPA
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL protection agency
OFFICE OF ORINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELLS
(Thl» information Im cottmctmd under
ffc# mttthorlt? of thm Smtm Dtlriklnj *mtmt Act*)
WELL OPERATION STATUSi
UC " UNDIR CONblBUCTION AC-ACTIVE T» = 1 tvll'ORABlL » ABANDONED
PA • PERMANENTLY ABANDONEO AND APPROVED BY STATE AN ¦ PERMANENTLY ABANDONED AND NOT APPROVED BY STATE
r»
A
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B.
TOTAL
C. WELL OPERATION STATUS
ANO TYPE
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or
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O. COMMENTS(mpllattml)
EPA Form 7 500-48 (11-79)
Heat pump/air conditioning unit return flow injected
into 70' steel cased well. Casing perforated at the bot
: torn.
-------
PI—« yrlm m (fN wl* »w ELITE In >K> «>»<»< »m ««ilr, INSTRUCTIONS OM REVERSE.
vvEPA
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL protection agency
OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELLS
(Thlm lnlormmtio€% Ig coff«ef*d tfirf'r
|Tm mjfhoWfr of fho 5tft Di1
14
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D. COMMENTS(tpllanml)
75' deep steel cased heat pump return flow injection well
Heat pump return flow well.
EPA Fwm 7500-48 (I I -79)
-------
SEPA
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL protection agency
OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELLS
(Thlm Intormmlton l« cofUcftd imdmr
A* tvthoritf of iht Smtm Drinking Wmtmr Acti)
'• PATE/REr^REP* "• facility i.d. number
(mo., .aay, 'X•)
Q <¦ 0»Hn' "
" ~». OPIRAToiT
17
i
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0
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WELL 0PC RATION STATUSi
UC UNDER CONilRUCtlUN AC = ACTIVE 1* = 1 E Ml 'O R A RI L t ABANDONED
PA ¦ PERMANENTLY ABANDONED AND APPROVED BY STATE AN ¦ PERMANENTLY ABANDONED ANO NOT APPROVED BY STATE
A. CLASS
B.
TOTAL
c
. WELL OPERATION STATUS
Al
<0
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NO.
or
WELL*
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D. COMMENTS (optional)
EPA Form 7 500-41 (1 1 -79)
Heat pump return flow well in shop
-------
Pint* wlirt m t
in.
ilA i
fypmwthet In »H« bUM •>— •«!?. INSTRUCTIONS ON MVgESg.
vvEPA
U.S. environmental protection agency
OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELLS
(Thlm infotmmtlofi !• cotteeimd under
fKt inheritr of the Smte Drinking Wmtmr Act*)
I. DATE PREPARED^ it. FAcilITY I.D. NUMBER
(mo.,,day, At
IV. facility name and location
——r
Porm^jjgroTedOMBJNo^MrROWO^
III. TRANSACTION TYPE ex• .w;
D 1. OILKTION
ga. riaiT tim« inthy
1. CHANOB OF »m»«
WELL OPERATION STATUS
UC UNDtR CONbinucriUN AC - ACTIVE TA = TEMI'OHARILV ABANDONED
fa ¦ permanently abandoned and approved by state an ¦ permanently abandoned and not approved by state
A. CLASS
B.
TOTAL
c
. WELL OPERATION STATUS
At
<0
TYPE
NO.
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(406) 586-2645
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cocn 7500-48 (II.79)
-------
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U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL protection agency
OFFICE OF DRINKING HATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELL*
(I'M* Infortiir'on fa cotlmclmd tmd^r
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vvEPA
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL protection agency
OFFICE or DRINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELLS
fTTii* Intotmmtton <• cotlmetmd imd»r
tuffMHlf ot thm Smtm Drlnkirtf Wmtmr Act.)
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TJUCTIOHSOHW IV!»t.
vvEPA
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELLS
fT*AJa tnlormttton Im coltmetmd tmdmr
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vvEPA
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELL*
(Thlm tntormmtlofi If coltmctmd \md»t
fK« mutherttf of rh« Sml0 Drinking Wmft Act*)
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U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL protection agency
OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELU5
(Thi* Information collected under
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ANO
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EPA
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL protection agency
OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELC*
(Thtm information (• collected under
muthority of thm Smlo Dt Inking Wmter Act.)
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Constructed by Gold Brick Drilling.
-------
'• ?™T£Xf\P%".^l "• "CILITI 1.11. NU"*"JB
v>EPA
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL protection agency
OFFICE OF ORINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELLS
(Thi» Intormmtion i« coltmcimd undmr
lYl# Gtithotity ot ihm Smlm Di Inking Wmior Act• )
^onn^l^gfove<^OM^^o^lMt8HRO^^^
III. TRANSACTION TYPE f'JC' on*)I
D '• OBLBTION
I. FINIT TIMB INTIty
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B.
TOTAL
c
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and type
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D. COMMENTS WW*)
Heat pump return flow injection well.
Constructed by Gold Brick Drilling.
-------
_PI—w »w ELITE .r»« »wlr, IHSTBUCTIONS OH REVERSE.
vvEPA
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL protection agency
OFFICE OP DRINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELLS
(Thlm tniorwimtlof* la coff«el«d undmr
th* mwhoHtr Ot thm Sata Drinking Wmtmr Act,)
'• DATE PREPARE! ||. FACILITY I.D. NUMBER
(mo.,.day, Ik year)
Form Apprprctf OMR No. 158-R0I70
III. TRAHSACTIOH TYPE CX' on,)
0 ». DlLtTION
>0 1. FinaT TIM« KNTHV
p I. CHANQI OF ENTRY
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PA ¦ PERMANENTLY ABANDONED ANO APPROVED BY STATE AM ¦ PERMANENTLY ABANDONED ANO NOT APPROVED BY »TATE
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D. COMMENTS fopfloiMfJ
18' deep heat pump return flow well
42° geothermal return
0-4R (11-79)
-------
xvEPA
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL protection agency
OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELl$
(Thim tntormmtlon la cottmeimd tmdmr
muiSoHtf ot thm Smt• DtInking Wmft Act*)
'* PATE/REPAREDJ II, FACILITY I.D. NUMBER
(mo.,.day, tt year) -~
IV. FACILITY NAME AND LOCATION
Form^^roredj^tB^N^tSlhROnO^
III. TRANSACTION TYPE ("*• on.)
CD I. DILCTION
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-------
trfwrK«f In tK« »r— —ly, INSTRUCTIONS OM REVERSE.
Forrn^££rore<^O*fBNo^M£^R0£T0
c
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F. COUNTY
O. INDIAN LAND (mmrtt •X•)
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h. iip code
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mTt" 5I9I0I2I5 gM"UBl-'c o O. OTHC
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n (»p»citr)
WELL OPERATION STATUSt
UC " UNUtR CONil BU(_ TION AC = ACTIVE TA = 1 E«I'D1 ARIL V ABAN DO N £ O
PA •PERMANENTLY ABANDONED AMO APPROVED BY STATE AN ¦ PERMANENTLY ABANDONED ANO NOT APPROVED BY STATE
e
A. CLASS
B.
TOTAL
c
. WELL OPERATION STATUS
«l
ID TYPE
NO.
OF
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D. COMMENTS(opilattml)
Construction: 6" diameter casing, screened 70'-90' in depth
Coordinates: S 1/2, NW 1/4, NW 1/4
S 12 T 95 R 40E
Air Conditioning Return Flow Well
EPA fotm 7500-4# (11-7?)
-------
v>EPA
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL protection agency
OFFICE OF ORINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WEIU
(TM* iniormmtlon tm cotl»ct»d undmr
|K# muihoritv ot fhm Smt» Dttnkmg Water Act.J
F n nn^ggrovet^OMWWo^HJhROWOi
III. TRANSACTION TYPE CX'on.)
D »• OILITION
». PINST TIMS KNTNV
I5l. C H A NO ¦ or »VT«r
IV. FACILITY NAME ANB L0CAT50M
•ILL ore RAT KM STATUSi
UC " UNO£ H CON11 HUC TlOM AC ¦ ACTIVE TA c1CMPORARILY ABANDONED
FA ¦ PERMANENTLY ABANDONED AND APPROVED SV STATE AN ¦ PERMANENTLY ABANDONEO ANO NOT APPROVBO •* STATE
A
.CLASS
ft.
TOTAL
C. NELL OPERATION STATUS
D. COMMENTS (fMamaf)
AND TYPE
NO.
OF
¦ ELLS
UC
AC
TA
PA
AN
0
8
5
A
1
1
' 18-foot perforated steel cased return flow well used for cooling.
TT
ii
11
II
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22
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14
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111
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-------
vvEPA
U.S. CHVIROHMENTAL PROTECTIOH AGEMCY
OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELUS
(Thl» intormmtlon l« collmctmd imdmt
lfc« ovlhotity ol th* Smlm Dtlnktng Wmtet Act,)
'* 5>ATE PREPAREp^ ||. FACILITY 1.0. NUMBER
(mo.,,day, & year)
FormX^grove^OM^Vo^MS-RO^O
III. TRANSACTION TYPECJt' w)|
D I. DII.ITION
». FIRST TIMS INTKV
n *. rMA^a; ef :r;?rv
IV. FACILITY HAM* AMD LOCATION
f PA f«m 7SOO-4* (11 -79)
-------
Fnrm Approved OMB No. I$8*R0170
&EPA
IV. facility hamc ahd location
U.S. IHVIHONMEHTHL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WEIL*
(This information li collected under
(K« BUthotlty ot lh0 Smt* Hiinktng Ifmier Act.)
n n i n n i ii im
N W
hM1!
HE
TTTTU
STREET ADORES* OR ROUTE NUMBER
1 II
n
C. CM
ijlH
UL.
-AS
O.ST.
,11 u
NE%, Sec. 13, T19N, R4E
Cascade County, MT
e. iip codc
V. LEGAL CONTACTi TYPE, NAME, PHONE, MAILING ADDRESS. AHD OWNERSHIP!
A. TYPE (mark
137 .ONNIN
•• d *• o^cnATor
u
r.COUNTY
O. INDIAN LANO (mf*
i
Pneumatic backfill
(1984)
NAME (!••!« faiai, * mitfdi* intilml)
1111111111
C. PHOHt ce3t 4 M.)
0 4
E
31
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ii-
C
ii
ji
O. ORGANIZATION
0 5
i-U
ii.
mr
n
11111 ii
u
E. STREET ON P.O. NX
II
0 6
H.
12
a
Landowner
C. ST. H. ZIP CODE
I. OWNERSHIPf'JT' —•)
*|^TMiv*T^MFnr7u»LKr" p o. oTh«r7«*•*«»,)
[") J. 5T » TE F. r«Dt»»U
iH
M101N T
ETlEEEEH
VI. WEUU IRFORMATIONJ
¦ILL OPERATION STATUSi
UC - UNOIR CQNbl RUL TION AC * ACTIVE TA « IEMPOHAKILV ABANDONED
PA ¦ PERMANENTLY ABANDONED AND APPROVEO »Y 4TATR AN • PERMANENTLY ABANDONED AMD NOT APPftOVKO BV STATE
A. CLASS
B.
TOTAL
C. WELL OPERATION STATUS
O. COMMENTS
AND TYPE
NO.
or
WELLS
UC
AC
TA
PA
AN
0
8
5
W
1
' Mine backfill well.
Pneumatic injection.
H
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II
17
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||
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CPA r-m 7SOO-4I (11 -79)
-------
vvEPA
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF OftlNKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WEILS
frftl* intorwmtton t« co/l«c(«d und«r
iK# Muthotity ot ihm Sal* DiInking Wmtet Act,)
PUaf pflnt or iff wllfc m ELITE tf^»rlnr In *t>t of f>ly, INSTRUCTIONS ON RtVtRSt. F^rm Approved OMB No. I58-R0170
I. P^TE PREPARED^ PACILITY I.P. HUWEE jBBQjjl2^LACT'0H TYpE
(mo., day, & year)^^ jtKEL ^ '* D,l-«T'OM I
jJII >0 i. nmr timc bnthv |
n«.ikl I I
Ha*ic aHu LOCATION
.111 n i u 11 n 111 ii i n 1111 m
N |0
H
R T
II
n
STREET ADDRESS OR ROUTE NUMBER
\ 1.1
IMIIIII
tro
c. cn
O.ST.
r
SEk SEh, Sec. 14, T19N, R4E
Cascade County, MT
E. ZIP CODE
r. COUNTY
to l 3
O. INDIAN LAND (*»"* 'X')
Pneumatic backfill
(1984)
V. CECAL CONTACT
TYPE,
NAME, PHONE. MAILING ADDRESS. AND OWNERSHIP'
c
A.
TYPE (matt
NAME flail.
lini. 4
i middle tnntmt)
C
. PHONE (—a co*
1 * *+.)
0
4
G3 l- owner
11 Oa. OPERATOR
H
U
B
B
E
R
D
0
N
A
L
D
11
<4
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17
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0
5
ii
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||
c
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0
6
B
0
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5
Landowner
u
ii
11
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c
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CITY OR
-4
0
tf
X
G.
ST.
H.
ZIP CODE
t. OWNERSHlPfM' m»*>
0
7
r
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R
R
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fl.
PUBLIC
y
o.
OTHER(
«P«
ci/rj
It
it
-
4
4
4 ^
i l
4 y
L J *
VI. WELT. lHFORfcTATIOt
•ILL OPC RATION STATUSi
UC ¦ UNOtR CONllHULIIOM AC * ACTIVE TA s I^MPORARILY ABANDONED
PA ¦ PERMANENTLY ABANDONED and APPROVED BY STATE AN ¦ PERMANENTLY ABANDONED AND NOT APPROVED BY (TATE
A. CLASS
B.TOTAL
EPA fmm 7500-41 (11-79)
C. WELL OPERATION STATUS
AND TYPE
NO.
OF
BELLI
UC
AC
TA
PA
AN
0
8
5
w
1
X
H
11
It,
.17
1
V
11
24
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17
21
1°
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—
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14
71
0
9
14
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fl
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ry
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1
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a
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ii
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VI
D. COMMENTS(fUlm^V
Mine backfill well.
Pneumatic injection.
-------
FM»o«i^Hn^|^f£^»liJi^(nEJJTB^£P»wfl»*^J^h^liod*^r«^»nljONSTRUCTION^^I^REVCRSC^
vvEPA
U.S. environmental protection agency
OFFfCE OF ORINKfNG WATER
IHVENTORY OF INJECTION WELUS
(This information lm cottmetad imdor
(Ti« muthorlty ol ih« Safe Drinking Wafer Aer.)
I
'• ?mAoT,E^?\P^f* "• FACILITY 1.0. NUMBER
01 3
a
ffi
III. TRANSACTION TYPE fjr on.;
I. DtLITIOM
a. FIRIT TIM* KNTRV
Q 8. CHANfiE or ENTRY
I V. FACILITY HAME AND LOCATION ]
I M I 1 II II I 11 ITTT
R 0 W N
R M
M
ffl
iin
B. street address or route number
mi
il_
c. city or town
421
LS_
-is.
AL.U
J1
SEh SEk, Sec. 18, T19N, R5S
Cascade County, MT
E- ZIP CODE
F. COUNTY
V. LEGAL CONTACT. TYPE, HAME. PHONE. MAILING ADDRESS, AND OWNERSHIP!
A. TYPE (mmrk 'X')
T2T t. ouNia
'• ~ 1. OPCNATOM
!2
mm
O. INDIAN LAND (mmrk
Pneumatic backfill
(1984)
B. NAME (Imit, Itimt, * middlm initlsl)
C. PHONE («
1 ^ na*J
mn
o. organization
0 5
Li.lt
U_
M 1 11 1 I I I
E. STREET OR P.O. SOX
n
3.
-U
Landowner
Mine owner - William Surmi
Sand Coulee, MT 59472
I
aJAL
VI. WELL INFORMATION!
c. ST.
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U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL protection agency
OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELLS
(Thim intormmtion tm cottmctBd undsr
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DATE PREPARED^ ||. FACILITY 1.0. NUMBER
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Form Approved OMB No. 158-ROl 70
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CD I. DELCTION
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U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL protection AGENCY
OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELU5
(This information I* collected under
(>!• muthotlty ot the Smte Dtlnkmg Wmt#r Act.)
I. DATE PREPAREP^ II. facility 1.0. NUMBER
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vvEPA
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
OFFICE OF ORINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELLJ
(ThU tntormmtlon im collmctmd undmr
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-------
vvEPA
U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL protection agency
OFFICE OF ORINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELLS
fTMi information tm callmetmd iMtdmr
(!*• outhottty ot th* Smtm Dilnkinf Water Act,)
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CPA f-m 7i00-a (11.79)
-------
PUoit pflnt or typo wllfc in tUTt ~yptwHi>f (w >ho ahoJoJ of only, INSTRUCTIONS OM REVERSE. __ FnrTTT^jjprovert OMB N°.158-R0J^70
' ..¦^¦gnrr^SACTI0MTYPEf-7^.>
(mo., day, & yesr)^ 0 t. OBLETiOM
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U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL protection agency
OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELLS
rTw« i
ih« hot i
IV, FACILITY NAM! AND LOCATION
information to collmctmd und>
ttv of th» Smtm Chinking Wmtet Act.)
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-------
Pomi^jro™rfOW^[o^JJjR0/J
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OFFICE or ORINKING WATER
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V. LEGAL COWTACTi TYPE, NAME, PHONE, MAILING ADDRESS, AHD OWNERSHIP!
A. TYPE [¦»> •X')
K) I - ooNcn
1 7
2
B. NAME ftmal, !>,*<, & middle mittml)
C. PHUNt («r«« cod* A no.)
I
E I*
1
E
4067214700
Hl
0 5
It 13
c| l| T
£j I N Ej E r| '
D. ORG*
noN
D E
iii111111111 m
, U
E. STREET OR P.O. BOX
0 6
II 11
c 1
Tr~
HJ A
L
i °l 4 E
S T
S P
R U
rrr
aW
f. cn
M'H
O. ST. M. ZIP CODE
I. OWNERSMIPpX* omJ
0 7
M I S S 0
M IT
8 0 1
D ». tTAtt
| M. PUBLIC
I F. PIOtllA L
TT
O. OTMCR
WILL OPERATION ITATUJi
UC " UNOtR CONi!HUCtlON AC = ACTIVE TA = 1 EMI'ORARIL V A B A N DON t O
PA • PERMANENTLY ABANDONEO and APPROVED BY STATE AN ¦ PERMANENTLY ABANDONED AND NOT APPROVEO BY STATE
e.
. CLASS
B.
TOTAL
c
. WELL OPERATION STATUS
AMO
TYPE
NO.
or WELLS
UC
AC
TA
PA
AN
0
8
5
D
4
J q o
rr
iff
If
17
II
IX
]4
IV
•
IT
n
Is
n-
—
TT
TT
TI
0J9
II
if.
II
2!
21
1J
jr
ii
10
fT
in
M
l
0
1 4
ii
it
I*
II
2a
•
24
28
•
2 7
2»
_
»6
• l
99
»4
*
96
1
1
| \
11
it
II
41
ii
24
ii
77
TP
IT
Ti
S'i
iff
1
2
ii
J-i
n
ir
• 4
at
21
21
n
27
11
1
IT
3
iir
rr
rr
hr
TT
1
C£
4
aa
_
LL
IZ
IT
7T
IL
7J
m
JJJ
JUL
ji
Al
i jj
JUL
ii.
fU
iff
D. COMMENTS(•pffoMfJ
There are an estimated 4,000 - 5,000 storm water drain wells
in the city of Missoula and contiguous areas. There are 4
drain wells at most intersections.
-48 (1 1 -79)
-------
pi—» »I|* m tyM »l* «W ELITE typ»wrK>r In ih« T— »wly. IWSTBUCTI0H5 OH HEVEIHE
Form Approved OMB No. IS8-R0I70
WELL OPS RATION STATUSi
UC ' UNDER CONSTRUCTION AC = ACTIVE 1* = 1 EVd'ORARIL Y ABANDONED
'A ¦ PERMANENTLY ABANDONED AND APPROVED BY STATE AN ¦ PERMANENTLY ABANDONED AND NOT APPROVED BY STATE
r
«
. CLASS
B.
TOTAL
c
. WELL OPERATION STATUS
Al
«D TTl
»E
N
O.
or
• ELLS
uc
AC
TA
PA
AN
0|8j
5
c
2
0
X
!L
II
r
III
•
n
If
17
Jf
TF
rr
—
TT
TT
_
TT
Oto
||
i!,
If
st
H
U
11
rr
TT
rr
rr
_
w
J.
°
1
14
T1
u
J*
II
-------
vvEPA
'* "• FACILITY |.D. NUMBER:
IV. FACILITY NAME AND LOCATION
U.S. environment AC protection agency
OFFICE OF DRINKING WATER
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELI.S
(Thl» tntormmlion Im colloctmd undmr
muthoHtr ot th* Smtm Drinking Varvr Act,)
Form Approved OMR No. I58-R0170
II). TRANSACTION TYPE CX- on.)
D I- DltlTION
Eli
p «. CHANGE OF ENTRY
M'i'l
£l l lE
Mill I I TTTTTf
5
mi
C 0
H 0
N
B. STREET ADDRESS OR ROUTE NUMBER
M.II
H_
nn
i
c, cn
aS.
D.ST.
e. zip cooe
Mm
V. LEGAL CONTACTi TYPE, NAME, PHONE, MAILING ADDRESS, AND OWNERSHIP!
A. TVPC
0 5
*-ii
ii_
'H'l I
noN
W
1111111 n n 11
0 6
ni
2|7
irr
C. STREET OR P.O. BOX
P E
nn
TT
f. cn
0
in
H
E
TT"
01
I 11 I 11 I ITT^ M 6
VI. WELT IRFOBWATIOhlj
0. ST
N. ZIP CODE
MH
I. OWNERSHIPf** an*)
D o. OTHER («PW»T)
[3 *. STATE
C3 F. FI
WELL OPERATION STATUSi
UC " UNOCH CONSTRUCTION AC = ACTIVE TA = leMI'ORAniLY A B A N DON E o
pa ¦ permanently abandoned and approved by state an ¦ permanently abandoned and hot approved by state
A. CLASS
AND TYPE
B. TOTAL
NO. or WELLS
C. WELL OPERATION STATUS
UC
AC
TA
PA
0. COMMENTS(epltonml)
0 8
1 1
n
1.1 n
1 3
1 4
ECQd
5 G
n
TJ
n3r
TTrT
rn
11.17
arc
llOZ
ii '»
i«' '«<
1 5
M
TT"
,ZL
r~?r
E
» - '11
CCZ3Z
» - »
it-n
M - II
u'- _ll
H - ll
II - if
»4 -
»i - »
Vertical drain wells for landslide control.
Direct injection of ground water into Madison Formation,
2» . »
EZ
rT7
14" - ~ie'
n
rrr
21 - 10
U r U
71
ITT
»¦ - w
&
IS
Ll_
AS.
II - »
» - »
3G3I
" - »
E PA Fmi 7S00-4R (I I -79)
-------
PI—« print m >rM »l* «" ELITE In «>»»<>< ¦>— —ly, INSTRUCTIONS OM REVERSE.
form Approved OWB No. IS8-P0170
vvEPA
IV. FACILITY NAME AND LOCATION
T
U.$. CNVIROHMENTAt protection agency
office or DRINKING water
INVENTORY OF INJECTION WELLS
(Th/t intoemmltofi l« co/l«ef«d undmr
lli# mithoritr of thm Sal• Drfnftin| 4d»)
Rp) "UpT D ~|"W A T^R "Ep A T lj~T ~p] | |
i n n i r
TTTT
n
STREET AOORESSON ROUTE NUMBER
« '»
u_
mhh m11 in
C. CM
u.
A
R
R A
G
32
O.ST.
M
11 u
e. zip cooe
V. LEGAL CONTACT! TYPE, NAME, PHONE, MAILING ADDRESS, AHO OWNERSHIP]
C A. TYPE (mrntk *X*) B. NAME hint, & middlr mmml)
~ 1 . ORMKR
'• Q«. opmato*"
17
r,COUNTY
urn
O. INOI#
a
33 jD 3E
C. PHONL cod# A no*)
4
m
A F M
T»
S 1
rr
II
4
JL
D. ORG'
DON
0 s
* n
pj E| p| t| |oM|h|i|c1i^^^ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I [ I I I
11 -
E. STREET OR P.O. BOX
0 6
TIT
i| I p| b| c| s|H e| c| i| H 'H I I I I I I I IT
JUL
F. CITY OR TOWN
L E
PTTT
I I I I 11 I
O. ST
M IT
H. ZIP COOE
5 19 6 0 1
I. OWNERSMIPfX' an*)
1 n o. o'thi
Q«. STATS ~ F.
n («p*citr)
WELL OPERATION ITATUSi
UC UNOIR CONilBUtTlUN AC : ACTIVE TA=lEWORARIL¥ ABANDONED
pa ¦ permanently abandoned and approveo by state an * permanently abandoned and not approveo by state
0 8
0 9
1 1
jrm
1 2
«.ia
1 3
1 4
tLEU
A. CLAM
AHO TYPE
5 G
rrrr
irn
mr
rn
irn
TjZ
JEZX
¦.TOTAL
NO. or WELL1
2 0
» »'
H »
a
i> * »r
n
TT
DG
XL
EI
ZE
S
C. WELL OPERATION STATUS
UC
1- '»
rr-r
JA.
: - ai
Q
AC
fT*T
n
»-IT
» - it
" -
» - 'IT
TT
TA
II - IB'
» - »
i § .. if
21 - tO
rr~r
xs
PA
n
t-nr
i »i
» - »¦
T — 11
U.
AN
14 - H
4- 11
»« - »•
n
TT
_Z_3f
i - "
O. COMMENTSfopMotwIJ
Drain well gallery
4500' of 200' to 600' drain wells
CPA F«»)500-48 (1 1-79)
------- |