UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
CORVALLIS, OREGON 97333
FISCAL YEAR 1990
QUARTERLY
RESEARCH PROGRESS REPORT
October 1, 1989 - December 31, 1989

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This research progress report, covering the period October 1 through
December 31, 1989, summarizes the current status of all active
PROJECTS AT THE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY--CORVALLIS.
If YOU HAVE QUESTIONS OR WOULD LIKE MORE INFORMATION, FEEL FREE TO
CONTACT EITHER THE MANAGER LISTED AT THE END OF EACH PROJECT DESCRIP-
TION or the Laboratory Director. For those who use a commercial
LINE, DIAL (503) 757- AND THE 4-DIGIT EXTENSION OF THE PROJECT
MANAGER. THE MAIN TELEPHONE NUMBER OF THE LABORATORY COMPLEX IS
(503) 757-4600.

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CONTENTS
Page
Air Pollution Effects
Air Toxics/Alternative Fuels Effects on Ecosystems 		1
Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forests 		3
Water Quality
Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement 		5
Wetlands Research on Mitigation & Cumulative Effects of Loss 		7
Water Quality Criteria for Terrestrial Wildlife 		9
Ecological and Geographic Assessment and Diagnosis of Aquatic Systems .	11
Superfund/Hazardous Wastes
Enforcement and Other Technical Support 		13
Terrestrial Environment Assessments—Evaluation of Cover Crops	15
Plant Uptake, Translocation, and Metabolism of Hazardous Chemicals ...	17
Toxic Substances
Terrestrial Toxicology 		19
Bioenvironmental Aspects of Biotechnology 		19
Comparative Terrestrial Toxicology 		23
Risk Assessment Development 		25
Verified Hazard Assessment Using Microcosm and Field Sites 		27
Pesticides
Bioassay Development and Genetically Engineered Microbes (GEMs)
Studies of Crops	29
Methods Development and Effects Measurement 		31
Terrestrial Wildlife Population Toxicology 		35
Integrated Risk Assessment 		37
Acid Rain Effects
Critical Loads of Atmospheric Pollutant Deposition 		39
National Surface Water Survey 		41
Watershed Manipulation Project (WPM) 		43
Direct/Delayed Response of Watersheds 		47
Episodic Response Project 		49
Synthesis and Integration of Aquatic Effects Research 		51
Response of Forest Trees to Sulfur, Nitrogen, and
Associated Pollutants 		55
Projection Under Alternative Deposition Scenarios 		57
Contribution to 1990 NAPAP Assessment 		59
Stratospheric Ozone
Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Agroecosystems 		61
Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change
Climate-Biosphere Interactions 		65
Forest Effects and Carbon Sequestering 		67
Regional Energy Balance, Climate Feedbacks and Water Resources Effects .	71
Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change on Agroecosystems 		73
Biotic Emissions of Radiatively Important Trace Gases 		75
Effects of Global Climate Change on Biodiversity 		77
Reforestation 		79
Interdisciplinary
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Wetlands ....	81
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Forests ....	83
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Agroecosystems .	85
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Surface Waters .	87
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Statistics
and Design	89
Publications List (Blue Pages) 		91

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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Air Pollution Effects
December 31, 1989
Title: Air Toxics/Alternative Fuels Effects on Ecosystems (01)
Objective(s):
Provide a preliminary ecological risk assessment of airborne toxic chemicals
(air toxics/alternative fuels) that would: 1) identify/rank airborne chem-
icals of greatest concern, 2) determine the most sensitive ecosystems, and
3) identify information gaps where additional research is needed to assist
in regulatory decisions.
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
Presented a paper titled, "The Impact of Air Toxic Deposition on Terrestrial
and Aquatic Ecosystems" at the 10th Annual Meeting of the Society of
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) (Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
October 28-November 2, 1989).
Participated in the peer-review workshop Alternative Fuels Research"*Strategy
(Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; December 6-8, 1989). Comments from
the reviewers on the Terrestrial Ecosystem Section of the Strategy are
currently being addressed.
Continued planning for the Air Pollution—Biodiversity symposium and book.
Prepared chapter outline for the book and submitted it to 250 scientists for
their review and nomination of chapter authors. Received letters from six
publishers interested in publishing the book.
Organized and chaired the session "Effects of Airborne Chemicals on Terres-
trial and Aquatic Ecosystems" at the 10th Annual Meeting of SETAC.
Findings:
In keeping with the "Transboundary Pollution" theme of the SETAC meeting,
several papers presented during this session demonstrated that numerous
toxic chemicals — industrial organics, trace metals and agricultural chemi-
cals—are emitted in enormous quantities into the atmosphere and are
deposited in remote ecosystems such as the Arctic, Antarctic, upper Great
Lakes, and forests. Although air toxics are frequently considered to be an
urban health problem, conclusions drawn from the presentations were: 1) the
atmosphere plays a significant role in the long-range transport of toxic
chemicals, 2) the chronic deposition of trace amounts of airborne toxic
chemicals, especially those that are persistent and bioaccumulate, is a
threat to ecosystem structure and function, 3) several airborne toxic chemi-
cals are being detected in increasing concentrations in biota of remote
environments, and 4) research is needed to increase our limited understanding
of the environmental fate and ecological effects of airborne toxic chemicals.
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Publications:
NOTE: These publications are the result of FY89 crop response data.
Adams, R.M., B.A. McCarl, D.J. Dudek, and J.D. Glyer. (1988). Implications
of global climate change for western agriculture. Western Journal of
Agricultural Economics 13:348-356.
Heagle, S.A., J. Rebbeck, S.R. Shafer, U. Blum, and W.W. Heck. (1989).
Effects of long-term ozone exposure and soil moisture deficit on growth
of a ladino clover-tall fescue pasture. Phytopathology 79:128-136.
Lefohn A.S., J.A. Laurence, and R.J. Kohut. (1988). A comparison of indices
that describe the relationship between exposure to ozone and reduction
in the yield of agricultural crops. Atmospheric Environment
22:1229-1240.
Lesser, V.M., J.O. Rawlings, S.E. Spruill, and M.C. Somerville. (1990).
Effects of ozone on agricultural crops: statistical methodologies and
estimated dose-response relationships. Crop Science (submitted).
Miller, J.E., R.P. Patterson, W.A. Pursley, A.S. Heagle, and W.W. Heck.
(1989). Response of soluble sugars and starch in field-grown cotton
to ozone, water stress and their combination. Environmental and
Experimental Botany 29:477-486.
Sommerville, M.C., Spruill, J.O. Rawlings, and V.M. Lesser. (1989). Impact
of ozone and sulfur dioxide on the yield of agricultural crops.
Technical Bulletin 292, North Carolina State Research Service--Nov.
1989.
Tingey, D.T., and C.P. Andersen. (1990). The physiological basis of differ-
ential plant sensitivity to changes in atmospheric quality. Ecological
Genetics. Terrestrial Vegetation, and Anthropogenic Changes in the
Atmosphere (in press).
Project Manager: David T. Tingey FTS 420-4621
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Air Pollution Effects
December 31, 1989
Title: Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forests (06)
Objective(s):
(1)	Determine the response of commercially/ecologically important forest
tree species under a range of ozone scenarios for those forest types
most at risk to ozone.
(2)	Determine the relationship between components of ozone exposure (e.g.
concentration, frequency, duration and respite time) and tree response,
and once quantified, (a) develop realistic exposure-response functions
and (b) examine the biological relevance of alternative air quality
statistics that are meaningful in an air quality standards context.
(3)	Predict, the influence of various ozone air quality scenarios on
productivity and composition of forest trees over time and across
forest types.
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
Briefed Assistant Administrator, Office of Air on changing the form of the
National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone to a peak-weighted
cumulative index (Sum06) from the current 1-hr maximum. This index (Sum06)
has been shown to be the more appropriate index for protecting vegetation
(welfare).
Continued measurements and tissue preparations with the in-house research
projects addressing exposure-response functions for northwestern tree
species, exposure dynamic studies with ponderosa pine and aspen, and
physiological studies for parameterizing process-level tree growth model
regarding gas exchange, carbon budget, and root architecture.
Initiated research studies to determine the cumulative impact of ozone on
photosynthesis in tree species, to measure the of recovery times for stomatal
behavior as a function of temporal aspects of ozone exposure, and to measure
the root regrowth potential of tree seedlings following a season of ozone
exposure.
Participated on Expert Panels on Effects of Ozone on Vegetation and Monitor-
ing in Trans-Boundary Regions of Canada and the U.S. convened by Environment
Canada. The panels were addressing the appropriate objective or standard
for ozone to protect vegetation and the types of gaseous monitoring required.
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Collected tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulioifera) and pitch pine (Pinus
riqida) seeds (about 100,000 poplar seeds, several thousand pitch pine seeds)
for the ASU/NPS exposure-response studies. A variety of stratification
methods are being tried to insure an adequate number of seeds for the
experiment. Pitch pine seed does not need stratification and will be sown
the first week in January to insure adequate size by mid-May, the anticipated
start time for fumigations.
Held a in meeting mid-December of the three Principal Investigator's in the
Northeastern exposure-response study to discuss the details of the proposed
experiments.
A technician for the Northeast Forest Experiment Station in Delaware, Ohio
traveled to the Duke Forest Research site to observe exposure control proto-
cols and procedures in order to begin- similar protocols for the exposure
facility in Delaware.
Seeds for all 5 species to be studied in the Northeast exposure-response
studies have been collected and are in cold storage; propagation of the
aspen cuttings has been started.
Initiated construction of the chamber raincaps at the Ohio Northeast
Experiment Station and at the Michigan State site.
FHidings:
Studies on the mechanism of ozone-mediated injury to plant cells have
demonstrated the formation of the chloroplast DNA adduct, 8 hydroxydeoxy-
quanine, following exposure of plants to ozone. This adduct was formed
through interaction of cell, chloroplast and DNA, and not DNA alone. These
studies are providing information on the mechanisms of action of ozone, as
well as providing an early indicator of ozone exposure in plants.
Publications:
Floyd, Robert A., W.E. Hogsett, and D.T. Tingey. 1989. Increased 8-hydroxy-
guanine content of chloroplast DNA from ozone-treated plants. PI ant
Physiology 91:644-647.
Floyd, Robert, M.S. West, K.L. Eneff, P.K. Wong, D.T. Tingey, and W.E.
Hogsett. 1990. Conditions influencing yield and analysis of
8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine in oxidatively damaged DNA. Analytical
Biochemistry. (in press).
Project Manager: W.E. Hogsett FTS 420-4632/4600
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Water Quality
December 31, 1989
Title: Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement (13)
Objective(s):
To define ecological criteria for the sustainable functioning of constructed
wetlands in treating municipal wastewater, acid mine drainage, urban
stormwater, and non-point source pollution. Research objectives include (1)
characterization of mechanisms by which constructed wetlands immobilize or
transform nutrients, metals and toxics, (2) evaluation of the assimilative
capacity of constructed wetlands for pollutants in relation to loading rates,
(3) definition of the resistance and resilience of the biotic components of
constructed wetlands to damage from pollutants, (4) determining rates of
uptake, transformation, and bioaccumulation of toxics by wetlands species,
and (5) defining optimal spatial distributions of constructed wetlands for
efficient non-point source pollution prevention.
ORD Del werable Status:
Research plan for five-year program on biological processes and effects of
constructed wetlands (09/90). On schedule.
Activities:
Meetings were held with the Office of Municipal Pollution Control, the Office
of Wetlands Protection, and with ERL-Duluth Wetlands Team to define project
objectives and scope of work.
Consulted the Cincinnati Risk Reduction Lab regarding collaboration with
the Corval1is/Duluth constructed wetlands research project.
Developed a draft scope of work at Corvallis and sent it to ERL-Duluth for
review and comment.
Presented the draft scope of work to the Wastewater Research Technical
Workgroup of the Water Research Committee as part of the Committee's review
of FY90-91 research. A constructed wetlands initiative for FY92 was
presented at the same meeting.
A wetlands component was prepared for inclusion in the ORD Agricultural
Chemical Initiative.
Coordinated meeting on the course of future research with EPA Regions
1, 4, 5, and 10. EPA Region 4 is encouraging a study that will deter-
mine the role constructed wetlands can play in controlling nonpoint
source pollutants from agricultural lands.
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Findings
The Wastewater Workgroup recommended that Corval1is/Duluth emphasize
municipal wastewater treatment over acid mine drainage. The Workgroup also
recommended continued funding of the Corvallis/Duluth/Cincinnati constructed
wetlands project in FY91 and 92.
Cincinnati will initially focus on subsurface flow treatment systems for
municipal wastewater, while Corvallis/Duluth will focus on free water
surface systems.
Publications:
None this reporting period.
Project Manager: Eric M. Preston FTS 420-4666/4600
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Water Quality
December 31, 1989
Title: Wetlands Research on Mitigation & Cumulative Effects of Loss (14)
Objective(s):
Implement research on cumulative impact assessment & mitigation to (1)
assess the effects of cumulative wetland losses on wetland functions in the
landscape; (2) improve methods of creating, restoring & enhancing wetlands
& wetland functions; (3) provide guidance for the design of effective
mitigation projects; (4) evaluate the feasibility of developing wetland
specific water quality criteria; & (5) provide information through the
publication of "Community Profiles" & other wetlands information.
ORD Deliverable Status:
Synopsis of methods for biomonitoring of inland wetlands (9/90). On
schedule.	5
Water quality trends analysis of selected Illinois rivers (9/90). On
schedule.
Activities:
The status report "Wetland Creation and Restoration: The Status of the
Science" was printed and distributed to interested parties.
Databases of 404 permit information have been compiled to characterize
decisions that have been made regarding mitigation. The analysis of the
California database was begun. Preliminary results of the analysis of the
Mississippi River states was completed and draft report on Louisiana
prepared. The programming for the 404 Permit Data Management System
continued to be updated.
Pilot studies are evaluating the comparability of wetlands created as a
result of Section 404 permitting and natural wetlands. Draft reports on
reference site selection and an evaluation of project design in Oregon are
close to completion.
A cumulative effects workshop was conducted in Baton Rouge for Office of
Wetlands Protection and Regions 3, 4, 5, and 6 to share methodological and
regulatory perspectives.
A workplan entitled, "A Cost/Benefit Framework for Evaluation of Cumulative
Impact Assessment Methodologies," was prepared and transmitted to the Office
of Wetlands Protection.
Initial results of "Louisiana Cooperative Pilot Project" were presented to
State of Louisiana and EPA Region 6 for feedback.
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Planning with the Office of Wetlands Protection for two wetland creation
seminars was initiated. The seminars would be presented at the EPA Regional
Offices located in San Francisco and Boston.
A peer panel was assembled to review the technical findings of a recent
Clean Water Act Section 404(c) action in EPA Region 1.
The Workplan for technology transfer planned for next year was prepared and
is in review with the Office of Wetlands Protection.
Findings:
Preliminary results suggest that 404 permit documentation on created
wetlands provides inadequate baseline information for follow-up monitoring
of compliance or attainment of objectives. In a study of Oregon wetlands
created under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, researchers from ERL-C
visited eleven wetlands and compared the plant species found at each site
to the lists of species found in the mitigation plans included with the 404
permits. Overall, only 18% of the species planted persisted at the wetland
sites with species planting lists included in their mitigation plans. This
suggests that the majority of the species planted do not survive. However,
due to inadequate "as-built" plans, the findings cannot be verified. The
plants may not be persisting or they may not have been planted according to
permit requirements. Without knowledge of how the wetlands were actually
built, meaningful evaluation of compliance and attainment of objectives is
impossible. This underscores the importance of including "as-built"_plans
as a requirement of 404 permits.
Pub!ications:
Kusler, J.A. and M.E. Kentula (eds.). 1989. Wetland Creation and Restora-
tion: The Status of the Science. Volume I: Regional Reviews.
E PA/600/3-B9/38a, Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis,
Oregon. 473 pp.
Kusler, J.A. and M.E. Kentula (eds.). 1989. Wetland Creation and
Restoration : The Status of the Science. Volume II: Perspectives.
EPA/600/3-89/38b, Environmental Research Laboratory, Corvallis,
Oregon. 172 pp.
Project Manager: Eric M. Preston FTS 420-4666/4600
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvall is
Project Status Report--Water Quality
December 31, 1989
Title: Water Quality Criteria for Terrestrial Wildlife (17)
Objective(s):
Provide EPA with information on the adequacy of existing water quality
criteria to protect terrestrial wildlife, and provide information to revise
criteria where these are inadequate.
ORD Deliverable Status:
Effects of selenium on waterfowl (04/90). On schedule.
Activities:
Tests on the effects of dieldrin on African clawed frog (Xenopus) are
continuing as a developmental step in planned tests on native frogs in the
evaluation of the applicability of wildlife water quality criteria.
Bioconcentration tests of dieldrin using tadpoles and juveniles are in
progress. The chronic toxicity of dieldrin to tadpoles is also being
investigated. Studies on the effects of dieldrin on growth and bio-
concentration in young mallard ducks are continuing.
Findings:
Preliminary results from the not yet completed dieldrin bioconcentration
tests suggest concentration factors of near 400 for Xenopus tadpoles and
near 1800 for 4-6 month-old juveniles.
A battery of immune function tests performed on adult male mallards showed
that delayed hypersensitivity to tuberculin was significantly suppressed by
exposure to 2.2 mg/1 selenium as selenomethionine in the drinking water.
In addition, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was increased
in this group, and liver and muscle selenium concentrations were increased
4- and 14-fold, respectively, over controls. Body weight and water con-
sumption were not affected. Concentrations of selenium as selenite up to
3.5 mg/1 did not affect any immune function tests, or result in any sig-
nificant selenium deposition in liver or muscle, but did increase ALT at
the 3.5 mg/1 concentration. These results were seen at exposures to
environmentally realistic concentrations of selenium.
Pub!ications:
Fairbrother, A., and J. Fowles. 1990. Subchronic effects of sodium
selenite and selenomethionine on several immune functions in mallards.
Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. (in press).
Schuytema, G.S., A.V. Nebeker, W.L. Griffis, and C.E. Miller. 1989.
Effects of freezing on toxicity of sediments contaminated with DDT and
endrin. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 8:883-891.
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Schuytema, 6.S., D.F. Krawczyk, W.L. Griffis, A.V. Nebeker, and M.L.
Robideaux. 1990. Hexachlorobenzene uptake by fathead minnows and
invertebrates in recirculating sediment/water systems. Arch. Environ.
Toxicol. Chem. 19(in press).
Williams, B., S. Marcy, and S. Gerould.	1989. Quality criteria to protect
wildlife resources. EPA Contract	No. 68-03-3439, Kilkelly Environ-
mental Associates, 59 p., U.S.	Environmental Protection Agency,
Corvallis, Oregon 97333.
Project Manager: Alan Nebeker FTS 420-4875
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Environmental Research Laboratory-Corvallis
Project Status Report—Water Quality
December 31, 1989
Title- Ecological and Geographic Assessment and Diagnosis of Aquatic Systems
(18)
Objective(s):
Develop, evaluate, and demonstrate techniques and approaches to identify and
diagnose ecological impairment resulting from point and nonpoint source
pollutants.
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
Met with Steve Twidwell of the Texas Water Commission (TWC) on November 10,
1989, to review the TWC's project for verifying Texas ecoregions, deter-
mining regional patterns in the quality of previously unclassified small
streams, and to determine if these streams should be assigned use designa-
tions. Jim Omernik and Glenn Griffith began evaluation of data collected
by the TWC on 54 "least disturbed" sites representative of Texas ecoregions.
Attended the National Symposium on Water Quality Assessment in Ft. Collins,
Colorado, October 16-19, 1989 and gave a presentation titled Defining
Regions for Evaluating Environmental Resources.
Work has begun to prioritize and map the spatial extent and relative
importance of nonpoint source problems in the United States that affect
surface water, ground water, and air quality.
Bob Hughes, Jim Omernik, and Alisa Gallant have completed the first phase
of a project funded by the French Ministry of the Environment to develop
ecological regions of the Seine Basin and to modify Karr's Index of Biotic
Integrity (IBI) to assess the health of the Seine River and its tributaries
Findings:
Preliminary results of the TWC study of least disturbed streams in different
Texas ecoregions clearly indicate that the underlying presumption of the
existing Texas Surface Water Quality Standards, that significant aquatic
life uses in unclassified (small) streams are precluded by inherent physical
factors, is unsatisfactory. These streams were presumed to have only
limited uses but were in fact found to have higher use capabilities par-
ticularly for aquatic life, as determined by benthic, macroinvertebrate
and/or fish community structure. Recent published results of the TWC study
stated: "The ecoregion approach provides the best possible framework for
establishment of regional water quality standards. Water body character-
izations made at carefully selected, different sized reference sites appear
to provide benchmarks that indicate the water quality and level of biotic
integrity that can be naturally attained within each region. Comparison of
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data gathered from other area waterbodies within the region to specific
benchmark data can facilitate the assignment of appropriate aquatic life
uses and criteria, and thus substantially reduce the need for numerous site-
specific sampling studies".
Preliminary results of the French project (Seine Basin) indicate that: 1)
ecological regions can be developed for regions of extensive historic human
perturbations; 2) the IBI can be effectively calibrated regionally for large
river systems; and 3) the IBI, based on community or assemblage ecology,
appears more robust and protective of aquatic life than the chemistry-based
water quality index now used by the Seine regulatory agency. The project
is demonstrating that techniques developed for regionalization and for
assessing health of streams in the conterminous United States are, as
expected, applicable beyond national boundaries.
Publ ications:
Omernik, J.M. and A.L. Gallant. Defining Regions for Evaluating Environ-
mental Resources. Proceedings of the International Conference on
Global Natural Resource Monitoring and Assessment. September 24-29,
1989. International Union of Forestry Research Organizations
Venice, Italy.
Project Manager: James M. Omernik FTS 420-4666
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvall is
Project Status Report--Superfund/Hazardous Wastes
December 31, 1989
Title: Enforcement and Other Technical Support (22)
Objective(s):
Provide Office of Waste Programs Enforcement, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Regional Offices, Department of Justice, and state
governments with rapid technical expertise regarding biological assessment
of sites, and assemble and disseminate Information regarding assessment
methods and findings via guidance documents (journal articles), workshops,
and seminars.
ORD Deliverable Status:
Summary of technical support to regions and/or OERR on Superfund activities
(11/89). Completed.
Activities:
Completed draft of the ERL-C bioassay standard operating procedures (SOPs)
for distribution to Agency laboratories. Reviews began in December.
Completed draft case study summaries of Baird and McGuire and Buoker Hill
projects for inclusion in the ERL-Athens publication, Superfund Exposure
Assessment Manual.
Drafted a report for Region 10 and Region 5 on published literature on toxic
metal-plant interactions. Report is in review.
Performed chemical analysis of 20 samples of plants, benthic organisms, and
fish for Region 4. Samples were collected by Region 4 staff from the
Kassouf-Kimerling site and the Schuylkill site.
i
Began drafting a work plan for an endangerment assessment of the Mi 11 town
Reservoir Superfund site with Region 8 personnel.
Initiated review of reports on a Region 2 Superfund site in response to a
request for assistance in completing the remedial investigation.
Participated in the first Superfund Risk Assessment Training Course spon-
sored by the Environmental Response Team. The course was presented to the
Corps of Engineers in Huntsville, Alabama.
Presented a short course on Ecological Assessment for Hazardous Waste Sites
at the 10th Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC)
meeting held in Toronto. Approximately 90 persons enrolled in the course.
Chaired a technical session and contributed papers on the topic of
ecological assessment for hazardous waste sites at SETAC.
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Initiated work on drafting bioassay protocols in the approved format for the
contract laboratory program.
Findings:
Twenty biological samples representing rooted macrophytes (Polygonum sp.),
floating plants, benthic insect larvae, and fish were collected from the
Kassouf-Kimerling Superfund site in Tampa, Florida, and the Schuylkill
Superfund site in Plant City, Florida. ERL-C staff processed the tissues
and performed inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopic
(ICPAES) analysis. One sample of rooted macrophytes (as represented by
Polygonum sp.) had tissue concentrations of aluminum, iron, and lead greater
than 10-fold above the concentrations in Polygonum sp. tissues from a
reference site. One sample of floating vegetation had lead at greater than
10-fold concentration above that of floating vegetation from a reference
site. Lead concentrations in dragonfly larvae and fish were nominally
higher in the site samples compared to reference sites but less than 10-fold
higher.
Publ ications:
None this reporting period.
Project Manager: Larry Kapustka FTS 420-4606
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Superfund/Hazardous Wastes
December 31, 1989
Title: Terrestrial Environment Assessments—Evaluation of Cover Crops (24)
Objective(s):
Evaluate the phytotoxicity, uptake, translocation, and metabolism properties
of selected cover crop species.
ORD Deliverable Status:
Report on evaluation of selected plants as cover crops for hazardous
waste/Superfund sites (06/90). On schedule.
Activities:
From the list of selected organic chemicals, the following additional six
test chemicals have been screened with four grass test species: nitro-
benzene, dinitrobenzene, m-chlorophenol, p-nitrotoluene, tributylphosphate,
and alkylbenzene sulfonate.
Barley was added as a test species for data comparison between the root
elongation test method and the Tox-screen test method. Screening tests have
been completed using the following test chemicals: nitrobenzene, drfiitroben-
zene, m-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-
tetrachlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol.
Toxicity screening, using an aerated hydroponic solution dosed with test
chemical, continued with millet as a test species using the following test
chemicals: m-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and
nitrophenol.
Findings:
EC50s for root growth reduction were determined for the six additional
organic chemicals for each of the test species. The phytotoxicity rankings
of the 14 chemicals tested to date are in good agreement with the results
of growth reduction screening tests with soybean and barley. In general,
the root growth reduction response was not as sensitive as the whole plant
growth response using the same test chemical. For example, the EC50 for
root growth with tetrachlorophenol and barley was greater than 100 mg/1,
while the effective concentration for reduction of plant growth was near 1-
10 mg/1.
Publications:
None this reporting period.
Project Manager: Craig Mc Farlane FTS 420-4670
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Superfund/Hazardous Waste
December 31, 1989
Title: Plant Uptake, Translocation, and Metabolism of Hazardous Chemicals
(25)
Objective(s):
Evaluate the biological hazard associated with contaminated soils, water,
and sediments; and determine the bioavailability (uptake, translocation, and
metabolism) of hazardous chemicals in terrestrial plants.
ORD Deliverable Status:
Report on the uptake and distribution of 2,3,7,8-TCDD by plants (03/90). On
schedule.
Activities:
Experimental work is completed. Data analysis is in progress and final
report is being written.
Findings:
The uptake and translocation of TCDD to the shoot tissue of both soybean and
corn is much lower than suggested in the literature. Our experimental
results suggest that the higher levels of TCDD found in plant foliage result
from volatilization of TCDD from soil and/or hydroponic solutions, and
reabsorption onto the plant foliage. Further research efforts on dioxins and
related compounds should focus on foliar deposition of airborne toxics.
Publications:
None this reporting period.
Project Manager: Craig Mc Farlane FTS 420-4670
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Toxic Substances
December 31, 1989
Title: Terrestrial Toxicology (30)
Objective(s):
Evaluate, improve, and validate bioassay methods to assess the effects of
toxic chemicals on plants and animals.
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
A manuscript is in preparation on the influence of temporal feed
availability on dietary discrimination in quail exposed to carbamate
insecticides.
Data analyses are being conducted for development of a model for predicting
the influences of behavior on exposure to toxicants.
A follow up study was initiated on findings of dimethoate residues in livers
of pheasants harvested from northeastern Oregon in April-June 1989. Labora-
tory studies will examine the persistence and depuration rate of dynethoate
in pheasant tissue with a preliminary study conducted in bobwhite quail to
help set dose and time course parameters. Brain and plasma cholinesterase
activity will be related to tissue concentrations. Wild pheasants will
continue to be harvested at monthly intervals from areas where dimethoate
is being applied.
Developed a procedure for analyzing toxicity tests for plants that
emphasizes more complete use of test results beyond a single EC50 endpoint
to include the whole dose-response curve and associated errors over the
range of tested concentrations. The approach examines stimulatory response
at low dose levels and facilitates the aggregation of data for groups of
similar bioassay responses and chemical effects for environmental risk
assessment.
A manuscript on the preliminary evaluation of the Brassica life cycle bio-
assay is in preparation. Continued refinement and testing of Brassica
bioassay with selected xenobiotics. Research on sublethal exposure over
multiple generations is continuing.
Tests with soybean and barley have been completed with 18 toxic chemicals.
The data is now being analyzed. The results of this study will allow us to
categorize the relative toxicity of this series of substituted benzene
compounds and compare their effects between two species. We are also taking
solution samples and roots at harvest. After the analysis is complete, we
will calculate the root concentration factors (RCF) and chemical loss rate
from solution. These values will be used in our evaluation of plant uptake
kinetics.
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The preliminary study of dimethoate depuration in quail has begun. Birds
were fed dimethoate-treated feed (0, 20, 100, and 500 ppm) for five days and
then switched to clean feed. Liver, kidney, and brain tissue are being
collected from the quail at 6 and 24 hours and 3 and 5 days post-exposure
and will be examined for residues of dimethoate-dimethoxon (liver, kidney)
or cholinesterase activity (brain). Five pheasants were collected in
northeastern Oregon from an area where dimethoate and disulfoton were
recently applied. Chemical analyses will be conducted within the month.
Forty adult hen pheasants were acquired and are being acclimated to pens at
ERL-C for use 1n the definitive study.
Findings:
Biological effects data with single chemicals are far more abundant than
with mixtures. Yet exposures to chemical mixtures are very common in the
environment and linking effects data from tests with single chemicals to
mixtures has been a long range goal in toxicology. to facilitate the
linkage, we used a common model to represent response surfaces of experi-
mental data with mixtures and single chemicals in a mixture, then
interpreted the mixture response surface in terms of concentrations of
individual chemicals. The model successfully verifies additivity of
concentrations with a standard error of 13% over a wide range of mixtures.
It also helps to broaden the conventional notion of additive effects to
scale nonlinear dose-time exposure effects.
Publications:
Bennett, J.K., and R.S. Bennett. Effects of methyl parathion on northern
bobwhite egg production and eggshell quality. Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistrv (in press).
Smrazi, M.A., and L. Lowrie. 1990. A probabilistic statement of the
structure activity relationship for environmental risk analysis.
Arch. Environ. Contam. and Toxicol. (in press).
Shirazi, M.A., B.J. Erickson, R.D. Hinsdill, and J.A. Wyman. 1990. An
analysis of risk from exposure to aldicarb using immune response of
nonuniform populations of mice. Arch. Environ. Contam. and Toxicol.
(in press).
Project Manager: Richard S. Bennett FTS 420-4582
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Toxic Substances
December 31, 1989
Title. Bioenvironmental Aspects of Biotechnology (31)
Objective(s):
Develop databases and a series of research-based protocols to provide
methods for evaluating risks from the release of genetically engineered
microbes (GEMs) into terrestrial environments.
ORD Deliverable Status:
Report on evaluation of selected biochemical and ecological methods to
assess effects of recombinant bacteria in terrestrial ecosystems (09/90).
On schedule.
Activities:
Completed a series of experiments to evaluate the effects of 2,4-D and 2,4-
DCP on soil fungal populations in the presence of GEM Pseudomonas putida
PP0301(pROl03).
Participated in the All Investigators Meeting for Biotechnology Research,
Corvallis, Oregon, November 14-16, 1989. Staff scientists presented papers
on current research and chaired the Effects Session.
Conducted planning session to delineate research investigating (1) the
ecological effects of lignin peroxidase on 2,4-D and 2,4-CP, and (2) the
effects of soil moisture and anaerobiosis on microbe mediated processes in
soi 1.
Started microcosm studies to compare persistence of recombinant and wild
type strains of the fungus Colletotrichum sprayed on crimson clover. Tests
are underway to determine if relative humidity significantly affects
survival.
Initiated genetic engineering of the fungus Colletotrichum to determine how
different types of DNA affect the transformation frequency and stability of
an antibiotic resistance gene. The gene will be flanked with homologous DNA
sequences (portions of the cutinase gene from Colletotrichum).
Presented paper entitled "Pseudomonas outida PP0301(pR0103), genetically
engineered to degrade 2,4-D, affected microbe mediated processes in soil"
at Northwest Branch Mtg. Am. Soc. Microbiol., Seattle, Washington.
Presented two papers entitled "Pseudomonas putida PP0301(pROl03),
genetically engineered to degrade 2,4-D, affected microbe mediated processes
in soil" and "The effect of 2,4-D and a GEM metabolite 2,4-DCP on soil
microbial ecology" at EPA All Investigators Meeting and Peer Review,
Corvallis, OR, November 14-16, 1989.
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Presented a poster entitled "Method for extraction of Frankia DNA from soil"
at International Workshop on Modern Techniques in Soil Ecology, University
of Georgia, Athens, Sept. 11-15.
Findings:
Studies on the GEM metabolite, 2,4-dichlorophenol, have demonstrated that
2,4-DCP is specifically toxic to fungi. Five fungal isolates, indigenous
to the desert soil, were screened for their sensitivity to 2,4-DCP on
plating medium. In this system, 50 ppm 2,4-DCP was lethal to all 5 strains.
Toxicity to fungi was demonstrated to result from the accumulation of 2,4-
DCP. 2,4-DCP is a metabolic product produced by the action of the GEM on
2,4-D. Therefore, the concentration of 2,4-DCP observed to accumulate in
soil was primarily responsible for the >1000-fold decline in fungal numbers.
Scientists at Oregon State University found that Aorobacterium radiobacter
K84 survived for at least 4 months in cherry and rye grass roots and in
fallow soil. The strain and plasmid moved no more than 5 cm through soil
from inoculated cherry roots in two weeks, in five weeks the organism
traveled 20 cm and after 8 and 12 weeks, the organism traveled 40 cm.
Work has began at Michigan State University to determine if their DNA probes
can measure population sizes of growing strains of Bradvrhizobium .iapomcum.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Pseudomonas cepacia, and Micrococus flavus.
Preliminary results indicate DNA from different cells do not interfere with
the specificity or sensitivity of a probe.
Wild type Colletotrichum inoculated on clover decreased from 5 x 106 spores/g
of leaf to about 1 x 105 spores/g after 10 days. No significant difference
was observed when one microcosm was maintained at approximately 50% relative
humidity versus a second microcosm that was misted nightly to elevate the
relative humidity to 90%.
Publications:
Armstrong, J.L., L.A. Porteous, and N.D. Wood. 1989. The cutworm Peridrorr.a
saucia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) supports growth and transport of
pBR322-bearing bacteria. Add!. Environ. Microbiol. 55:2200-2205.
Project Manager: Ramon J. Seidler FTS 420-4661
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Toxic Substances
December 31, 1989
Title: Comparative Terrestrial Toxicology (34)
Objective(s):
Determine when data from surrogate species can be used to extrapolate
toxicologic effects to other species.
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
Data analysis was completed on immune function assays conducted on avocets
and stilts collected from Kesterson Reservoir, California, an area with high
concentrations of arsenic, boron, and selenium. Funds were approved and
samples submitted for chemical analysis of liver tissue from experimental
birds and embryos from sibling eggs.
Experiments are being conducted for an interlaboratory comparison of brain
cholinesterase activity measurements. Several review papers are being
prepared to clarify sources of variability in the assay. A manuscript is
being prepared on differential responses of mallard plasma cholinesterases
following organophosphate (OP) exposures.
One study of PCB effects on prolactin, corticosteroids, and cytotoxic T
lymphocytes in mice was completed and data reduction is in progress.
The effect of increased glucocorticoid concentrations on natural killer (NK)
cell activity in the mallard was investigated. Adult male mallards were
inoculated daily with one of three concentrations of dexamethasone (a syn-
thetic corticosteroid) and NK cell activity was measured weekly. Hematocrit
determinations and total and differential white cell counts also were
performed.
Findings:
Results of the immunologic analysis of stilts and avocets from Kesterson are
as follows: No differences were found in total white cell counts, although
the large amount of variability may obscure some individual effects. The
heterophil:lymphocyte ratios of avocets from the contaminated areas are >1,
while the control birds had an H:L ratio of <1. This may be an artifact of
small sample size and large variability or 1t may be real. This appears to
be due to increased numbers of heterophils rather than a decrease in lympho-
cytes, so may not have a significant impact on disease resistance. This
trend appears to be reversed in the stilts. The natural killer cell assay
was not very successful in the stilts. It worked well in the avocets,
although the small sample sizes (N = 1 or 2 or 3) made it difficult to draw
any major conclusions. The assay was equally responsive to natural killer
cell activity in peripheral blood as it was to splenic natural killer cells.
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Therefore, we do not need to kill the bird to do this test. The hemaggluti-
nation titers indicated a trend towards increased antibody production in the
avocets exposed to the higher selenium concentrations and perhaps a decrease
in the stilts. In summary, from this pilot study we have learned that: (a)
we can raise these species of birds in captivity; (b) we can successfully
perform several immune function assays on these species, especially the
avocets; (c) growth rate appears to be affected by in ovo exposure to the
contaminated areas; and (d) there is a suggestion that immune modulation may
be occurring but the sample sizes are too small and the variability too
great to draw any definitive conclusions.
The interlaboratory comparison of brain cholinesterase activity measurements
revealed that most laboratories can obtain the same value for percent
depression of treated animals, although the absolute activity measurements
may differ. Investigation 1s continuing to determine differences in
techniques among the laboratories.
Results are not yet available on the mouse PCB experiment.
Administration of dexamethasone to mallards caused an increase in total
activity of the NK cell assay. It is not known if this is due to increased
specific activity of the NK cells or to an enrichment of the lymphocyte
population with NK cells due to cytospecific destruction by the steroid of
non-NK cells. Further refinements of the NK cell assay should clarify this
point. Inoculation of ducks with B.t. toxin was uneventful. Literature
searches revealed several available techniques for quantifying structure and
function of the rumen microflora ecosystem. Deliberations are continuing
on which method to select for further use.
Publications:
None this reporting period.
Project Manager: Anne Fairbrother FTS 420-4716
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Toxic Substances
December 31, 1989
Title- Risk Assessment Development (41)
Object ive(s):
Improve risk methods for evaluating toxic chemicals 1n soil/plant communities
and provide a mathematical model that allows prediction of effects, uptake,
and fate of xenobiotic chemicals in terrestrial plants.
Construct and maintain databases pertaining to the uptake and toxicity of
chemicals for terrestrial plants.
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
A new technique to determine RNA sequences has been perfected in our
laboratory. This technique utilizes molecule-specific primers and enzymes
(reverse transcriptase) to identify various active regions of the RNA from
two species of Fungi Laccaria. This work supports our efforts to increase
the database of nucleic acid sequences important in the development of
nucleic acid probes that are taxa-specific. These probes will be important
in the identification of the active sites of chemical uptake in tissue. An
additional technique using fluorescence is being developed for the produc-
tion of in-situ probes. Several strains of common bacteria involved in
soil/root interactions have been successfully used in this approach. Several
other new DNA primer techniques that can be used to follow DNA genes and
subsequent sites of action of chemicals at the root/soil interface are under
evaluation.
Findings:
No major findings to report.
Publications:
None this reporting period.
Project Manager: Larry Kapustka FTS 420-4606
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Toxic Substances
December 31, 1989
Title: Verified Hazard Assessment Using Microcosms and Field Sites (42)
Objective(s):
Determine the ability of toxicological testing methods to predict an effect
on field populations.
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
Completed a computerized system to measure the impact of chemicals on the
metabolic rate of captive bobwhite quail. Collection of baseline data on
untreated quail is continuing. Quality assurance plans are being written
in preparation for beginning definitive studies.
Findings:
The measured metabolic rate of caged bobwhite is within the values estimated
for adult bobwhite. Birds acclimate to the test chambers in 4 days\, Alzet
microosmotic pumps can be successfully implanted in adult quail.
Publications:
None this reporting period.
Project Manager: Anne Fairbrother FTS 420-4716
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Pesticides
December 31, 1989
Title: Bioassay Development and Genetically Engineered Microbes (GEMs) Studies
of Crops (36)
Objective(s):
Develop rationales and procedures for evaluating survival, reproduction,
potential for genetic exchange, fate, effects, and risks associated with
release of genetically engineered biological control agents (BCAs).
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
We initiated the construction of a small cylindrical greenhouse to be used
as a chamber for the study of entrainment (dispersal) of microorganisms from
plant surfaces. An abstract of this design is currently being prepared to
submit to the American Association of Aerosol Research (AAAR) annual meeting
being held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 18-22, 1990.
An experiment was conducted to determine the most beneficial way of*using
the all-glass impinger-30 (AGI-30), a bioaerosol sampler. This sampler was
modified slightly to determine if there was a method to improve the sampling
efficiency of bacterial aerosols. Results from this experiment are currently
being prepared in draft form and will be shared with the Las Vegas
laboratory.
An experiment was conducted to determine the most beneficial way of using
the Anderson sampler, an aerosol sampler which also sizes the particles
collected. This sampler was run at varying flow rates which allows for the
collection of different size particles. The size of the particles in an
aerosol is important information needed to correlate with the survival of
bacteria contained in artificially generated aerosols and in the particles
entrained from plants.
We compiled airborne bacterial death rate statistics from all known litera-
ture citations and' from this prepared a comprehensive airborne bacterial
death rate model as a function of time, relative humidity, temperature, and
evaporation.
We initiated a cooperative effort with Las Vegas laboratory to develop a
monodispersed aqueous bacterial suspension aerosol generator. This project
will also include cooperation with Dugway Proving Ground.
Experimental work was completed on the effect of Betaine incorporation into
culture media on bacterial survival. This work involved collection of air
samples from an activated sludge treatment plant, and urban and rural outdoor
locations.
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Populations of Pseudomonas svrinqae on plant leaf surfaces were measured
before and after application of winds of 4 m/sec to ascertain if populations
decreased due to wind stress, and to measure the numbers of P. svrinqae
entrained to determine if these populations comprised a measurable portion
of the populations as a whole.
The recovery efficiencies of gravity settling plates (GSP), Anderson samplers
(AND) and all glass impingers (AGIs) were compared over time and distances
for detection of bacteria entrained from plants.
Presented paper entitled "Measuring post aerosol survival and entrainment
of bacteria" at 1989 EPA All Investigators Meeting and Peer Review,
Corvallis, OR.
Findings:
Betaine at a concentration of 2-5 mM was found to significantly increase
colony counts of airborne bacteria. This increase varied from 20% to 62%,
depending upon location and environmental conditions. Under very humid
conditions, the effect of Betaine was very low (<10% increase in colony
counts). Betaine concentrations of 2-5 mM showed maximal recovery of colony
counts of aerosolized Pseudomonas svrinqae.
Statistical analysis of post aerosol survival data indicate that microbial
survival following aerosol ization is most influenced by the relative humidity
present during the release.
No difference in bacterial populations was detected on the surface of plant
leaves before and after application of wind. The numbers of bacteria
entrained were about 0.01% of the total target bacteria found on the leaf
surface.
At wind speeds of 4 m/sec, AGIs located 0.2 m from inoculated plants detected
30% fewer entrained bacteria than samplers located 0.6 m and 1.0 m from
inoculated plants. Gravity settling plates and Anderson samplers detected
from 40 to 70% more entrained bacteria at 0.2 m compared with 0.6 and 1.0
m. Particle sizes detected by ANDs indicated that particles of > 6.7 urn were
most prevalent at the three distances tested.
Publicat i on s:
None this reporting period.
Project Manager: Ramon J. Seidler FTS 420-4661
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Environmental Research laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Pesticides
December 31, 1989
Title: Methods Development and Effects Measurement (38)
Objective(s):
Develop guidelines and test methods for evaluation of the effects of
microbiological pest control agents (MPCAs) on nontarget, beneficial
terrestrial species.
ORD Deliverable Status:
Lab validation and test methods for exposure by oral and intravenous routes
to nontarget avian species (01/90). On schedule.
Lab validation and test methods for exposure by respiratory routes to
nontarget avian species (05/90). On schedule.
Synthesis Report: Test methods for exposure of nontarget avian species to
MPCAs (07/90). On schedule.
Activities:
Work with Salmonel 1 a puHorum. a known avian pathogen, was completed as part
of laboratory validation of oral and intravenous exposure protocols for
birds. Tissues and fecal samples from mallards were cultured for viable
bacteria and serum was tested for antibody by the microagglutination method.
Data from both mallard and quail definitive exposures are being analyzed and
reviewed. A report is in preparation describing needed changes for the
interim protocols based on experiences gained during laboratory testing.
Ten-day-old bobwhite quail were exposed to a nonpathogenic Escherichia coli
bacterium by head-only aerosol exposure, or intratracheal or intranasal
installation. Whole body, air sac, nasal, and intratracheal swabs and lung,
syrinx, and cranial tissue were assayed for presence of viable bacteria.
Scanning electron microscope and histopathology studies using fluorescent-
tagged inert plastic beads of 0.1-20 urn diameter were completed to determine
deposition patterns of different size particles. Work is continuing to
quantify the number of particles depositing in each area of the respiratory
tract.
Work is continuing on developing a sensitive lab test for determining the
effect of MPCAs on the nontarget, beneficial beetle Hiopodamia conveniens
(the convergent ladybeetle). Laboratory experiments have been conducted to
determine what nutritional and climatic conditions affect the susceptibility
of beetles to bacterial infections. The opportunistic entomopathogen
Pseudomonas fluorescens is being used for verification of the protocol
conditions.
Work is being initiated to determine how environmental stresses increase
insect susceptibility to bacterial pathogens.
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Presented paper entitled "Safety protocols for evaluating the effects of
microbial pest control agents on nontarget, beneficial arthropods" at 1989
EPA Biotechnology All Investigators Meeting, Corvallis, Oregon.
Findings:
Salmonella pullorum is much less pathogenic in ducklings than in quail chicks
(LD50 « 10J cfu/ml). Although no ducklings died following inoculation with
high concentrations (10 cfu/ml) of bacteria, viable organisms were isolated
from lung, heart, and pancreatic tissue. Additionally, lungs had grossly
visible necrotic foci. All mallards developed measurable antibodies within
one-week post-inoculation. The difference in pathogenicity of this bacterium
between quail and mallards highlights the necessity for conducting safety
tests in at least two species of birds from different Orders.
Particle deposition studies with plastic beads showed that beads up to 5 urn
in diameter deposited in all air sacs and lungs of birds exposed by intra-
tracheal instillation. Aerosol exposure, on the other hand, limited
deposition of beads in lungs to <2 um diameter with no beads lodging in the
abdominal air sacs. Intranasal instillation also decreased the diameter of
beads reaching the lower respiratory tract but not to the natural levels
seen in aerosol exposure. Experiments with £. coli corroborated this
information and also demonstrated a significantly greater amount of exterior
body surface contamination in birds exposed intratracheally as compared to
head-only aerosol exposure. The final conclusion is that head-only aerosol
exposure of birds provides a more realistic exposure scenario with greater
safety to the worker than does intratracheal instillation.
A colorimetric assay for the identification of genetically engineered
bacteria constitutively expressing the enzyme TFD monooxygenase has been
developed. The assay is sensitive enough to differentiate between bacteria
expressing an inducible vs. a constitutive TFD monooxygenase. Spectrophoto-
metric assays are currently being developed for potential direct application
for the enumeration of bacteria from environmental samples.
First instar H. converqens larvae can withstand starvation (with water) for
only 3-4 days. If they are given sugar or casein (as a protein source),
survival is extended to 5-7 days. If these restricted diets are given to
larvae for twenty-four hours before they are exposed to the pathogen P.
fluorescens. it affects their susceptibility. The more complete the insect
diet, the lower the susceptibility.
Publicat i ons:
Croft, B.A. 1989. Arthropod Biological Control Agents and Pesticides.
John Wiley and Sons, Inc. p. 723.
Poinar, G.O., Jr., G.M. Thomas, and B. Lighthart. Bioassay to determine
the effect of commercial preparations of Bacillus thurinqiensis on
entomogenous rhabditoid nematodes. Aqri. Ecosvs. and Environ, (in
press).
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Theiling, K.M., and B.A. Croft. 1988. Pesticide side-effects on arthropod
natural enemies: a data base summary. Aqri. Ecosvs. Environ. 21:191-
218.
Project Manager: Ramon J. Seidler FTS 420-4661
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Pesticides
December 31, 1989
Title. Terrestrial Wildlife Population Toxicology (39)
Objective(s):
Develop and evaluate techniques for estimating risk of pesticides to field
populations of wildlife.
ORD Deliverable Status:
Effects of chemicals on nesting success and nest abandonment in the field
(09/90). On schedule.
Activities:
A manuscript on the differential response of plasma cholinesterases to
dietary exposure to organophosphorus insecticides is in preparation.
A manuscript on age-dependent changes in activity of mallard cholinesterases
was completed.
A manuscript on the "Effects of organophosphate exposure on the relationship
between nesting behavior and reproductive hormones in incubating mallards"
is in preparation.
Data are being analyzed from a field study investigating differences in
growth and survival between red-winged blackbird and starling nestlings
exposed to organophosphorus insecticides.
A research protocol for testing the effects of synthetic pyrethroid
insecticides on mallard reproduction is being developed.
Findings¦
Brain and plasma cholinesterase (ChE) are often used as biomarkers of
exposure to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. Mallard brain ChE
activity is found at adult levels during juvenile development, but this
study found that plasma ChE activity decreased with age during juvenile
development. Field studies that monitor effects on plasma ChE activity need
to consider age-dependent changes in activity as a confounding factor.
Publications:
Bennett, R.S., R. Bentley, T. Shiroyama, and J.K. Bennett. Effects of the
duration and timing of dietary methyl parathion exposure on bobwhite
reproduction. Environmental Toxicoloav and Chemistry (in press).
Project Manager: Richard S. Bennett FTS 420-4582
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report — Pesticides
December 31, 1989
Title: Integrated Risk Assessment (40)
Objective(s):
Develop environmental risk assessment methodology using modified, existing
or newly developed fate, transport, and effects models to express risk as
a probability statement with estimates of associated uncertainty.
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
Investigators at Colorado State University, through cooperative agreement
with ERL-C, are continuing with development of a model to assess the direct
and indirect effects of xenobiotic chemicals on shortgrass prairie small
mammal communities.
Field work has been completed by investigators at Oregon State University
to determine the effects of methyl parathion on foraging behaviors and nest
attentiveness of incubating valley quail. Data analysis is in progress for
the field study and for determining the LC50 of the chemical in 14-day-old
val1ey quai1.
Work has been completed and a draft report prepared on development of a
computer simulation model of the relative contributions of various exposure
routes for birds exposed to aerially applied insecticides.
Difficulties with analysis of aerial photographs have slowed progress in
development of a model of effects of chemicals on prairie communities. Data
from laboratory LD50 studies with several species of small mammals has been
analyzed and a manuscript is in preparation.
Findings:
LC50 values for the valley quail appear to be very similar to those for the
northern bobwhite, the standard EPA test species. Seventeen (17) valley
quail were fitted with radiotelemetry transmitters to monitor movement and
activity following a spray event. Several hens abandoned their nests
following spray with either methyl parathion or water, probably due to
disturbance during application. Further data analysis will reveal whether
the remaining hens altered their foraging patterns in response to the
chemical application.
Initial uptake by aerially exposed bobwhite quail of an organophosphorus
insecticide is primarily through the ocular and inhalation routes. Dermal
exposure occurs but is a relatively small percent of total uptake.
By 24 hours post-spray, oral uptake increases in importance due to preening
and feeding on contaminated vegetation.
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Publications:
None this reporting period.
Project Manager: Bill A. Williams FTS 420-4679
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1989
Title: Critical Loads of Atmospheric Pollutant Deposition (50)
Objective(s):
Identify the potentially harmful ecological effects, especially in surface
waters, soils and forests of elevated concentrations of nitrogen in
deposition.
To determine if any ecosystems within selected regions of the United States
are currently experiencing harmful effects from nitrogen deposition.
If harmful effects can be demonstrated in surface waters, soils, or forests,
then determine the critical load for nitrogen deposition, i.e., the load
below which no harmful effects are manifested, for those ecosystems.
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
During the reporting period, the major activities were to prepare t£e back-
ground documents (listed below) for the United Nations — Economic Commission
for Europe (UN-ECE) Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution
(LRTAP)--Task Force on Mapping. The purpose of the meeting was to develop
a generic procedure that all countries participating in the NOx protocol
could use to map critical deposition loads of nitrogen, sulfur, and ozone
within their boundaries.
Completed the following internal reports:
Mapping Manual for Critical Loads: The United States Proposal, 1989, Draft
discussion document prepared for the UN-ECE/LRTAP Task Force on Mapping,
Heinz Gregor, Chm., 16 October 1989, 14 pp. (Internal EPA Document);
U.S. Critical Loads Program: Methods Manual, 1989, Draft discussion document
prepared for the UN-ECE/LRTAP Task Force on Mapping, Heinz Gregor, Chm., 16
October 1989, 79 pp. (Internal EPA Document);
U.S. Critical Loads Program: Demonstration Study, 1989, Draft discussion
document prepared for the UN-ECE/LRTAP Task Force on Mapping, Heinz Gregor,
Chm., 27 October 1989, 119 pp. (Internal EPA Document).
Our documents were presented at the Task Force Meeting in Bad Harzburg,
Federal Republic of Germany from 6-9 November. The documents were
eventually incorporated into Annexes for the Manual prepared at the meeting.
During the meeting, staff chaired a number of subcommittees in which the
form and content of the Level I and II models were discussed, and in which
the draft final contents of the Task Force Manual were established. In most
cases, the U.S. positions for these and related sections of the manual were
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accepted and embraced by meeting participants. Our positions are described
under Findings.
Subsequent to the meeting, project staff have reviewed the draft
documents coming from the meeting and have suggested revisions to the
manual that are consistent with the generic nature of the document.
In conjunction with this, our staff has now begun to plan for the
implementation phase of the U.S Critical Loads Project.
Findings:
The U.S. has developed a generic approach that can be used to determine the
critical loads of atmospheric pollutants for sensitive ecosystems. The
approach can be applied for any of a range of pollutants, such as ozone,
NOx, or acid sulfate deposition, and 1t can be applied to a host of eco-
system types. The approach Identifies major conceptual steps that need to
be addressed in developing critical load information, including the
identification of functional regions and subregions, characterization of
total deposition, definition and selection of the appropriate regulatory
endpoints, identification and selection of the appropriate indicators of
ecosystem function and the characterization of the resource in terms of the
indicator, implementation of models to predict future ecosystem status at
given levels of deposition and mapping of these component parts.
The U.S. approach allows for a range of specific methods and approaches
within this framework, but it requires that participants accomplish certain
activities in order to facilitate comparison of the results obtained by the
different countries.
The Demonstration Study reports on our effort to test the approach proposed
by 'the United States. The study was conducted in the Adirondacks and
employed existing data only. The Demonstration Study showed the feasi bility
of the general approach and highlighted certain areas in which the process
could be improved.
Publications:
None this reporting period.
Project Manager: Daniel H. McKenzie FTS 420-4666
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1989
Title: National Surface Water Survey (51)
Objective(s):
Characterize the chemistry of acidic and low alkalinity lakes and streams
in sensitive regions of the U.S. and determine their extent, geographic
distribution, and probably sources of acidity. Determine normal seasonal
variability in surface water chemistry. Determine the relationship between
key biological resources and the chemical characteristics of lakes and
streams. Classify lakes and streams to identify representative systems for
more in-depth study.
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
A first draft of the report on "Sources of Acidity in Mid-Atlantic Coastal
Plain Streams" was completed.
Two presentations were made in November on results of the National Surface
Water Survey at the EPA Region 3 meeting on Acidic Deposition in fW Mid-
Atlantic states. An abstract was submitted and published for the American
Geophysical Union Fall Meeting on estimating temporal frequency of acidic
conditions during spring in regional stream populations. Two presentations
were made at the Sixth Annual Gatlinburg Acid Rain Conferences, an overview
of the aquatic effects of acidic deposition and a more specific presentation
on the chemistry of streams, lakes and reservoirs in the Southern Blue Ridge
Province.
Validation of data from Phase II of the Eastern Lake Survey (ELS) was
completed. The final validated and enhanced data bases will be created
early next year.
Findings:
No major findings to report.
Pub!ications:
None this reporting period.
Project Manager: Dixon H. Landers FTS 420-4666
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1989
Title: Watershed Manipulation Project (WMP) (55)
Objective(s):
Investigate and quantify the relationships between the watershed processes
influencing the acidity of surface waters, and the impact that acidic
deposition has on them. Critically evaluate the models used in the Direct/
Delayed Response Project and the predictions/classifications derived from
the project. Provide mechanistic data to refine/revise those models as
necessary.
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
The first manipulation of the Bear Brook watershed occurred on November 13,
1989. Unlabeled ammonium sulfate was applied by helicopter. The next
manipulation is planned for January. Ammonium sulfate with isotopically
labeled N and S will be used after an adequate amount has been obtained.
MAGIC has been calibrated and run to forecast the response of Bear Brook to
the acidic manipulation of the watershed. The forecasts will be published,
and thus will be available for comparison with future observed responses of
streamwater chemistry.
Findings:
In laboratory studies, Dahlgren et al. (1989) found that apparent
equilibrium of soil solution with respect to Al(OH)3 solubility was readily
obtained from conditions of both undersaturation and oversaturation within
0.3 h. Soil solutions collected from Bear Brook watershed also reached
apparent equilibrium with imogolite after 10 h. The laboratory results
compared favorably with saturation indices calculated from stream and soil
solutions at Bear Brook. The authors concluded that "rates of Al
precipitation and dissolution are rapid enough to assure equilibrium
conditions in drainage waters, provided solutions are in contact with the
lower mineral soil
David and Vance (1989) used soil samples from Bear Brook to examine
responses of soil solution chemistry to increasing levels of dissolved
inorganic carbon (DIC). Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) increased as DIC
increased, with concomitant increases in base cation concentrations. They
concluded that the "results illustrate the Importance of pC02 levels [in the
soil] and cation exchange from the solid phase in generating solution ANC
and determining surface water pH."
Vance and David (1989) investigated the effect of acidic deposition on the
retention of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by soil samples obtained from
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Bear Brook. They concluded that "acidity, salt effects, and B horizon mass
are significant factors in controlling both the amount and composition of
DOC in surface and groundwaters."
Publ1 cations:
Asolekar, S.R., R.L. Valentine and J.L. Schnoor. 1989. Kinetics of chemical
weathering in an acid soil. American Geophysical Union Chapman
Conference on Hydrogeochemical Response of Forested Catchments,
September 18-21, 1989, Bar Harbor, ME.
Dahlgren, R.A., D.C. McAvoy and C.T. Driscoll. 1989. Aluminum precipitation
and dissolution rates in the Bs horizons of spodosols in the
northeastern USA. Soil Science Society of America Journal 53:1045-
1052.
Dahlgren, R.A., D.C. McAvoy and C.T. Driscoll. In Press. Acidification and
recovery of a spodosol Bs horizon from acidic deposition. Environ.
Science Technology.
David, M.B. and G.F. Vance. 1989. Generation of soil solution acid neutral-
izing capacity by addition of dissolved organic carbon. Environmental
Science and Technology 23:1021-1024.
David, M.B., G.F. Vance, W. Zech, S.E. Finch and M.R. Donofrio. 1989.
Adsorption of dissolved organic carbon and sulfate by forest soils
from West Germany and Maine, p. 301. American Society of Agronomy,
Agronomy Abstracts, October 15-20, 1989, Las Vegas, NV.
Donofrio, M.R., M.B. David and G.F. Vance. 1989. Forest soil response to
acid and salt treatments: II. aluminum and base cations, p. 301.
American Society of Agronomy, Agronomy Abstracts, October 15-21, 1989,
Las Vegas, NV.
Fasth, W.J., M.B. David, G.F. Vance, M.R. Donofrio and S.E. Finch. 1989.
Forest soil response to acid and salt treatments: I. sulfur
constituents and cycling. American Society of Agronomy, Agronomy
Abstracts, October 15-20, 1989, Las Vegas, NV.
Finch, S.E., G.F. Vance and M.B. David. 1989. Forest soil response to acid
and salt treatments: III. solubilization and composition of dissolved
organic carbon, p. 302. American Society of Agronomy, Agronomy
Abstracts, October 15-20, 1989, Las Vegas, NV.
Hornberger, G.M., B.J. Cosby and R.F. Wright. Submitted. Analysis of
historical surface water acidification in southern Norway using a
regionalized conceptual model (MAGIC). International Association on
Water Pollution Research and Control, July 1987.
Nodvin, S.C., D.C. McAvoy, J.S. Kahy, S.A. Norton and C.T. Driscoll. 1989.
Mechanisms of episodic acidification and aluminum mobilization in two
headwater streams in Maine. American Geophysical Union Chapman
Conference, September 18-21, 1989, Bar Harbor, ME.
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Norton, S.A., I.J. Fernandez, T.A. Haines, J.S. Kahl and L. Rustad. 1989.
Ecosystem manipulations in acid rain research; the Bear Brook
watershed manipulation in Maine. Presentation at the American
Geophysical Union Chapman Conference, September 18-21, 1989, Bar
Harbor, ME.
Vance, G.F. and M.B. David. 1988. Effect of acid treatment on the leachate
chemistry of a New England spodosol: importance of the B horizon on
dissolved organic carbon retention. Seventh North American Forest
Soils Conference, July 24-28, 1988, Vancouver, B.C.
Vance G.F. and M.B. David. 1989. Effect of acid treatment on dissolved
organic carbon retention by a spodic horizon. Soil Science Society of
America Journal 53:1242-1247.
Vance, G.F., M.B. David, S.E. Finch and F.J. Stevenson. 1989. Character-
ization and acid properties of dissolved organic carbon from a Maine
spodosol, p. 208. American Society of Agronomy, Agronomy Abstracts,
October 15-20, 1989, Las Vegas, NV.
Vance, G.F., M.B. David and F.J. Stevenson. 1989. Chemistry of dissolved
humic substances in stream waters as affected by sorption/desorption
reactions in spodosol B horizons. Division of Geochemistry #30.
American Chemical Society Abstracts, September, 1989, Miami, Fla.
Project Manager: Jeffrey J. Lee FTS 420-4666
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1989
Title. Direct/Delayed Response of Watersheds (57)
Objective(s):
Predict the long-term response of watersheds and surface waters to acidic
deposition. The Environmental Protection Agency and Congress require
information concerning rate of acidification and its reversibility. It is
not known whether aquatic resources will deteriorate if emissions are held
constant or decreased, or whether aquatic resources will improve. This work
is necessary for informed decision making concerning the timing and
necessity for additional emission controls.
A three-tiered approach is employed to classify watersheds. Level I entails
statistical analysis of watershed characteristics and water chemistry and
evaluated watershed and regional input-output elemental budgets. Level II
estimates single factor response times for watersheds emphasizing key
properties (e.g., sulfate adsorption capacity, base saturation, and indices
of soil-water contact). Level III uses dynamic system models to integrate
important processes and predicts changes in watershed properties and surface
water chemistry. A soil survey is an important aspect of the approach in
that it provides data for Level I, II, and III analyses.
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
Watershed and soils data for the Mid-Appalachian Soil Survey were aggregated
in preparation for modeling analyses. This is an important step toward
completion of DDRP Mid-Appalachian tasks on schedule.
Printing of the Final Report for the Northeast and Southern Blue Ridge
Province has been somewhat delayed due to difficulties encountered in
obtaining suitable bids that ensure quality reproduction of the color
plates. Action is underway to resolve this problem.
The Project Technical Director M. Robbins Church co-chaired a session on
"Episodic Responses of Lakes and Streams to Acidic Deposition" at the Fall
meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco.
Findings:
No major findings to report.
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Publications:
Lee, J.J., D.A. Lammers, D.L. Stevens, K.W. Thornton and K.A. Wheeler. 1989.
Classifying soils for acidic deposition aquatic effects: A scheme for
the Northeast USA. Soil Science Society of America Journal
53:1153-1162.
Project Manager: M. Robbins Church FTS 420-4666/4600
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1989
Title: Episodic Response Project (58)
Objective(s):
Phase I:
Determine the magnitude, duration, frequency and characteristics of episodic
chemical changes that accompany hydrologic events (both snowmelt and rain-
storms) in streams.
Evaluate the effects of episodic acidification on fish populations in
streams.
Define key characteristics of episodes that determine the severity of
effects on fish populations.
Develop and calibrate regional models of episodic chemistry that link
atmospheric deposition to biologically relevant chemistry during episodes.
Regional Episodic and Acidic Manipulations Project (REAM):
Provide data on the effects of increased acidic deposition on surface water
quality following whole catchment manipulation. The response of waters to
acidification is being monitored on both chronic and episodic time scales
at the U.S. Forest Service Fernow Experimental Forest near Parsons, WV.
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
Staff in each of the regions performed intensive biological monitoring
during this period. The monitoring consisted of population estimates, radio
telemetry, and bioassay experiments. The Catskilis and Pennsylvania
researchers also surveyed their streams to identify refugia used by brook
trout to escape episodes, and assessed spawning activity on those streams.
Problems observed during last spring's episode season with the radio tags
have been corrected during the recent fall episode season. The tags now
last up to 90 days, which has allowed the researchers to follow the fish
during a larger number of storms than was previously possible.
The first formal data transfer between the cooperators and Environmental
Monitoring Systems Laboratory--Las Vegas was completed during the first and
second weeks of September. The files include chemistry, biology, and
hydrology data. These data are currently being verified and validated in
Las Vegas and at ERL-Corvallis.
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The cooperators have recently completed a first-year report which briefly
summarizes ERP results in each of the regions. These results will be
included in the NAPAP integrated assessment, and will be presented at the
SOS/T review in Hilton Head, North Carolina in February.
The ERP was well represented at the	latest American Geophysical	Union
meeting in San Francisco, December	5-8. Six ERP researchers	made
presentations during a special session	devoted to episodic events in	lakes
and streams.
Findings:
Research in the Northern Appalachian Plateau of Pennsylvania has emphasized
the importance of refugia to brook trout during episodic events. During
episodes, fish exhibit net downstream movement to locations where pH levels
are higher, and aluminum levels are lower, than upstream. In addition,
water sampled at fish locations during episodic events has higher pH and
lower aluminum than at other stream locations.
Pub!ications:
None this reporting period.
Project Manager: P. J. Wigington Jr. FTS 420-4666/4600
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1989
Title: Synthesis and Integration of Aquatic Effects Research (59)
Objective(s):
Provide comprehensive and integrated information germane to understanding
the current and future effects of acidic deposition on surface waters.
ORD Deliverable Status:
Public review draft of National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program
(NAPAP) 1990 aquatics State-of-Science documents (12/89). Completed.
Regional Case Studies Book (02/90). On schedule.
Review draft of NAPAP 1990 aquatics assessment (03/90). On schedule.
Activities:
Final versions of all of the chapters for the Regional Case Studies Book
have been completed. Final production of maps and standard figures for the
book is complete. Final preparation of the manuscript is in progress.
AERP and support staff prepared public review drafts of NAPAP 1990 State-
of-Science chapters.
AERP and support staff worked with the NAPAP Office Director and staff from
other NAPAP agencies to write drafts of several sections of the NAPAP
Integrated Assessment.
AERP staff made several presentations at the Region 3 Acid Deposition
Conference (Pittsburgh); the Royal Society of London; and the 24th
International Congress of Theoretical and Applied Limnology (Munich).
Findings:
NSWS results show that acidic surface waters are found primarily in six
subpopulations: (1) southwest Adirondack mountains, (2) New England (3)
forested watersheds in the mid-Atlantic highlands, (4) northern Florida
highlands, (5) mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain, and (6) eastern Upper Midwest
(low silica lakes). These high interest subpopulations nearly all have
acidic lakes and streams in which atmospheric H2S04 was the probable dominant
source of acidity.
Among the estimated 1,180 acidic lakes in the target population, only 3%
received more than half of their sulfate from their watersheds. Seventy-
five percent were dominated by strong acid anions (H2S04 and HN03) and 22%
were dominated by organic acids. Among 3,105 acidic upstream ends in the
NSS, 70% were dominated by strong acids, 31% were organic dominated, and 1%
were watershed S dominated. An additional 1,193 upstream ends were acidic
from acid mine drainage. The predominance of "inorganic" acidic lakes and
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streams strongly implicates acidic deposition as the major causal mechanism
of acidification.
Publications:
Baker, L.A., P.R. Kaufmann, A.T. Herlihy, and J.M. Eilers. Current Status
of Surface Water Acid-Base Chemistry. State-of-Science Report No. 9,
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program. Public Review Draft.
Baker, L.A., J.M. Eilers, R.B. Cook, P.R. Kaufmann, and A.T. Herlihy.
Interregional comparisons of surface water chemistry and biogeochem-
ical processes. Chapter 17 1n: Lake Acidification in North America,
edited by D.F. Charles, (in press).
Charles, D.F., S.S. Dixit, J.P. Smol, and B.F. Cummings. Variability in
diatom and chysophyte assemblages and inferred pH: paleolimnological
studies of Big Moose Lake, N.Y. J. of Paleolimnology. (in press).
Charles, D.F., and J.P. Smoll. The PIRLA II project: regional assessment
of lake acidification trends. Accepted by Theor. and Applied Limnol.
Charles, D.F. Effects of acidic deposition on North American lakes: paleo-
limnological evidence from diatoms and chrysophytes. Phil. Trans.
Royal Soc. (London), (in press).Sullivan, T. Historical Changes in
Surface Water Acid-Base Chemistry. State-of-Science Report No. 11,
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program. Public Review Draft.
Dixit, S.S., A.S. Dixit, and J. P. Smol. 1989. Relationship between
chrysophyte assemblages and environmental variables in seventy-two
Sudbury lakes as examined by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA).
Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 46: 1667-1676.
Herlihy, A., P. Kaufmann, M. Mitch, and D. Brown. Regional estimates of
acid mine drainage impacts on streams in the Mid-Atlantic and
Southeastern United States. Accepted by Water, Air. Soil Pol 1. (in
press).
Kingston, J.C., and H.J.B. Birks. Dissolved organic carbon reconstructions
from diatom assemblages in PIRLA project lakes, North America. Phil.
Trans. Royal Soc. (London), (in press).
Smol, J.P., S.S. Dixit, and K.H. Nichols. Silica-scaled chrysophytes in
Ontario lakes and implications for inference of lake acidification.
Can. J. Bot. (submitted).
Smol, J.P., I.R. Walker, and P.R. Leavitt. Paleolimnology and hindcasting
climatic trends. Theor. and Applied Limnol. (in press).
Urban, N.R., and L.A. Baker. 1989. Alkalinity generation associated with
the formation of ester sulfates (Comment). Limnol. Oceanoqr. 34:
1144-1146.
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Webster, K., A. Newell, L. Baker, and P. Brezonik. Climatically Induced
Rapid Acidification of an Upper Midwest Seepage Lake. Science,
(submitted).
Whitehead, D.R., D.F. Charles, S.T. Jackson, J.P. Smol, and D.R. Engstrom.
The developmental history of Adirondack (N.Y.) lakes. J. Paleo-
1imnology 2: 185-206.
Project Manager: Dixon Landers FTS 420-4666/4600
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1989
Title: Response of Forest Trees to Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Associated
Pollutants (66)
Object i ve(s):
Summarize the work of the Forest Response Program (FRP) (with the exception
of projection of response under alternative deposition scenarios), and
support an assessment of the effects of current levels of depositions of
sulfur, nitrogen, and associated pollutants on forest ecosystems.
ORD Deliverable Status:
Internal Report: Evaluation of atmospheric depositions of sulfur, nitrogen,
and associated pollutants on forest decline (12/89). Completed.
Activities:
Approximately 100 reports from the Forest Response Program (FRP) research
cooperatives are being used as the scientific basis for the evaluation. A
first draft was mailed to over 90 scientists and managers in July, 1989.
Review comments and further synthesis were incorporated into a peer-review
draft and mailed October, 1989. Final review comments were incorporated
into the final report.
Findings:
Several observations support the hypothesis that chronic depositions of H+
and S042' significantly alter soil chemical properties. Trends similar to
those that would be expected due to soil acidification are observed along
both regional gradients of S042" deposition and elevational gradients where
deposition is reasoned to increase due to increased cloud-water deposition.
These trends include changes such as increases in total S, increases in
exchangeable A1, and decreases in exchangeable base cations (Ca,Mg). While
it is recognized that other factors could explain the observed trends, the
direction of the trends lends credibility to the hypothesis.
Short-term responses of seedlings to controlled exposures of simulated acid
rain are highly variable and appear to be species specific. Foliar damage
is typically observed below pH 3.0. Simulated acid rain generally does not
inhibit seedling growth, but reduces rate of winter hardening in red spruce
seedlings.
Short-term responses of seedlings to controlled exposures of ozone are less
variable than responses to simulated acid rain. Growth reductions are
observed in sensitive species. Sensitive species include loblolly pine,
slash pine, ponderosa pine, western hemlock and possibly Douglas-fir.
Limited data suggests half the hardwood species tested showed some
sensitivity.
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Publications:
Alscher, R.G., J.R. Cumming, and J. Fincher. Air pollutant-low temperature
interaction in trees. In: Proceedings of a National research Council
Symposium: Biomarkers of Air Pollution Effects on Forests, April 23-
28, 1988, Little Switzerland, NC. (in press).
Bondietti, E.A., C.F. Baes, and S.B. McLaughlin. 1989. Radial trends in
cation ratios in tree rings as indicators of the impact of atmospheric
deposition on forests. Can. J. Forest Res. 19:586-594.
Johnson, A.H. Decline of red spruce in the northern Appalachians: Deter-
mining if air pollution is an important factor. In:Proceedings of a
National Research Council Symposium: Biomarkers of Air Pollution
Effects on Forests, April 23-28, 1988, Little Switzerland, NC. (in
press).
Johnson, D.W. and G.E. Taylor, Jr. Role of air pollution in forest decline
in eastern North America. In: International Technical Symposium on
Acidic Deposition and Forest Decline, Oct. 20-21, 1988, Rochester, NY.
(in press).
Project Manager: Roger Blair FTS 420-4662
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1989
Title. Projection Under Alternative Deposition Scenarios (67)
Object!ve(s):
Produce scenarios of the response of trees and forests to policy relevant
atmospheric deposition scenarios. These deposition scenarios include
changes from current ambient conditions in the deposition of sulfur and
nitrogen compounds, pH, and ozone. Responses estimated include physio-
logical processes, growth patterns of individual trees and their parts, and
the growth and development of stands of trees. Species to be investigated
include loblolly pine, red spruce and ponderosa pine. The methods of
projection include statistically based projections and computer simulation
models. The simulation models include portions of whole tree physiology
(e.g., branch export of photosynthate, whole tree models providing diameter
increment, and stand models).
ORD Deliverable Status:
Internal report on the potential effects of acid deposition on trees:
Results from the Branch/Foliage and Simple Whole Tree Models (12/89).
Completed.
Activities:
Conducted external EPA Project Review of this project. The review was in
Portland, Oregon, on November 29-30. The Peer Reviewers were Dr. William
Bossert (Harvard University), Dr. William Smith (Yale University), Dr.
Richard Dixon (U.S. Forest Service), Dr. Alan Ek (University of Minnesota),
and Dr. David Steingraeber (Colorado State University). The reviewers'
report on the mission and methods of the project was favorable overall.
Completed the first draft of NAPAP State-of-Science/Technology Report #28:
Development and Use of Tree and Forest Response Models.
Findings:
The natural variability created by random processes in the ontogeny of
branches makes the detection of pollutant effects extremely difficult unless
the compensating mechanisms of tree physiology have been overcome.
Publications:
Bassow, S.L., E.D. Ford, and A.R. Kiester. A critique of carbon based tree
growth models. In: R. Dixon et al. eds. Forest Growth: Process
Modeling of Responses to Environmental Stress. Timber Press:
Portland, OR. (in press).
Ford, E.D. and S.L. Bassow. Modeling the dependence of forests growth on
environmental influences. In: J.S. Pereira, ed. Biomass Production
by Fast Growing Trees. NATO Advanced Research Workshop, (in press).
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Ford, E.D. and A.R. Kiester. Modeling the effects of pollutants on the
processes of tree growth. In: R. Dixon et al. eds. Forest Growth:
Process Modeling of Responses to Environmental Stress. Timber Press:
Portland, OR. (in press).
Kiester, A.R. Process modeling of tree and forest growth: Current per-
spectives and future needs. In: R. Dixon et al. eds. Forest Growth:
Process Modeling of Responses to Environmental Stress. Timber Press:
Portland, OR. (in press).
Kiester, A.R. 1988. The roles of models in the forest response program,
pp. 498-505. In: A.R. Ek, S.R. Shifley, and T.E. Burke, eds.
Proceedings of the International Union of Forestry Research Organi-
zations Forest Growth Modelling and Prediction Conference, Aug 23-27,
1987, Minneapolis, MN. General Technical Report NC-120, USDA-Forest
Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station, St. Paul, MN 610 pp.
Project Manager: Roger Blair FTS 420-4662
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Acid Rain Effects
December 31, 1989
Title: Contribution to 1990 NAPAP Assessment (68)
Objective(s):
Provide information in support of an assessment of the roles of sulfur,
nitrogen, and associated pollutants in changes in forest condition, and
project forest responses under alternative pollution deposition scenarios.
ORD Deliverable Status:
Internal report: Forest Effects Assessment (9/90). On schedule.
Activities:
Continued to coordinate Case Study efforts in Forest Response Program (FRP)
research cooperatives. The Case Studies summarize research carried out in
the cooperatives and address the issue of how the forest resource of
interest to the cooperative might change under different deposition
situations.
Continued to coordinate with principal authors to reconcile reviews and
produce final drafts of NAPAP State-of-Science documents on effects of
acidic deposition on forest resoi-ces, plant physiological processes, and
on deposition of pollutants in cloud water, and first draft of report on
development and use of terrestrial effects models.
Developed plan for contributing forest effects information to the NAPAP
Integrated Assessment. This will present an evaluation of the effectiveness
of various emission control strategies in protecting forests.
Findings:
No major findings to report.
Publications:
None this reporting period.
Project Manager: Roger Blair FTS 420-4662
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Stratospheric Ozone
December 31, 1989
Title: Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Agroecosystems (71)
Objective(s):
Provide a risk characterization of the global consequences of stratospheric
ozone depletion and resultant increases in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation
on agroecosystems.
ORD Deliverable Status:
Internal report on selected UV-B effects on wetland rice (06/90). On
schedule.
Activities:
ERL-Corval1 i s scientists hosted 2 representatives from the International
Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in separate visits during October and
November. Discussions focused on planning cooperative research efforts into
the effects of stratospheric ozone depletion and global climate change on
rice production. Dr. Keith Ingram, Senior Plant Physiologist with IRRI met
with Corvallis staff on October 12-13 to review current rice research
program plans and to discuss the specific joint scientific proposals. On
November 7, 1989, ERL-Corvallis scientists hosted Dr. Hubert Zandstra, the
Deputy Director General for Research at IRRI.. The objective of his visit
was to finalize the joint research plans for the rice program. During his
visit agreement was reached on: 1) the general framework for a joint EPA-
IRRI research program; and 2) the specific research proposals. In conjunc-
tion with his visit to Corvall is, Dr. Zandstra attended the annual meeting
of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR)
at the World Bank and described the proposed joint research between IRRI and
EPA to comprehensively investigate the effects of UV-B and global climate
change on rice production in Asia. The CGIAR was enthusiastic about the
proposed research activity.
Greenhouse experiments to examine the influence of enhanced UV-B radiation
on two cultivars of rice (Lamont and IR-36) continued. These experiments
are designed to evaluate morphological, physiological, and growth responses
to three levels of UV-B.
A paper entitled "UV-B Effects on Terrestrial Ecosystems: An Overview" was
presented at the Second US-Dutch UV-B Measurements, Exposure, and Effects
Workshop on December 11, 1989 in Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
An ERL-Corvallis scientist attended the International Conference on
Landscape-Ecological Impact of Climatic Change, Lunteren, The Netherlands,
December 3-7, 1989, and presented a paper on "GIS-based Simulation Approach
to Predict System Responses to Climatic Change".
A prototype instrument for measuring methane flux from wetland rice fields
is nearing completion and field tests will begin during the next quarter.
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The instrument will function to allow large spatial and temporal scale
measurements to be taken of methane emissions, and to thereby assist in the
production of regional-scale estimates of methane contributions to the
global burden of greenhouse gases.
Findings:
A greenhouse study recently was completed examining the effects of UV-B
radiation on the growth, pigmentation, and photosynthetic capacity of
loblolly pine, an economically important timber species in the Southeastern
U.S. At a UV-B level simulating a 16% ozone depletion, loblolly pine
suffered reduced growth and photosynthetic capacity, but no change in leaf
pigmentation. Under higher levels of UV-B simulating 25% and 40% ozone
depletion, UV-B absorbent pigments rapidly accumulated in leaf tissues, but
smaller reductions in growth and photosynthesis were observed. One possible
explanation is that, because the pigments may have acted to protect the leaf
tissue from UV-B penetration, the higher treatments actually resulted in
lower UV-B flux into sensitive tissue, thus causing less damage. Thus it
is possible that in loblolly pine, at least, moderate increases in UV-B may
induce greater short-term damage than larger increases.
Publications:
P.W. Barnes, W. Beyschlag, R. Ryel, S.D. Flint, and M.M. Caldwell. Plant
competition for 1 ight analyzed with a multispecies canopy model. III.
Influence of canopy structure in mixtures and monocultures of**wheat
and wild oat. Oecoloqia (in press).
W. Beyschlag, P.W. Barnes, R. Ryel, M.M. Caldwell, and S.D. Flint. Plant
competition for light analyzed with a multispecies canopy model. II.
Influence of photosynthetic characteristics on mixtures of wheat and
wild oat. Oecoloqia (in press).
Caldwell, M.M., A.H. Teramura, and M.M. Tevini. 1989. The changing solar
ultraviolet climate and the ecological consequences for higher plants.
Trends in Evol. and Ecol. 4:363-366.
R. Ryel, P.W. Barnes, W. Beyschlag, M.M. Caldwell, and S.D. Flint. Plant
competition for light analyzed with a multispecies canopy model. I.
Model development and influence of enhanced UV-B conditions on
photosynthesis in mixed wheat and wild oat canopies. Oecoloqia (in
press).
Sullivan, J.H. and A.H. Teramura. 1989. The effects of ultraviolet-B
radiation on loblolly pine. 1. Growth, photosynthesis and pigment
production in greenhouse-grown seedlings. Physiolooia Plantarum
77:202-207.
Sullivan, J.H. and A.H. Teramura. A field study of the interactions between
supplementary UV-B radiation and drought in soybean. Plant Phvsiol.
(in press).
Teramura, A.H. and J.H. Sullivan. Potential impacts of increased solar UV
on global plant productivity. Photochem. Photobiol. (in press).
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Tevini, M.M and A.H. Teramura. 1989. UV-B effects on terrestrial plants.
Photochem. Photobiol. 50(4):479-487.
Tevini, M.M., A.H. Teramura, G. Kulandaivelu, and L.O. Bjorn. Chapter 4.
Terrestrial Plants in Report on the Environmental Effects of Ozone
depletion. United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). (in press).
Project Manager: David Olszyk FTS 420-4640.
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report — Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change
December 31, 1989
Title: Climate-Biosphere Interactions (81)
Objective(s):
Determine how climate controls the distribution of vegetation in North
America and the relative sensitivity of regions of North America to climatic
change.
Further develop our understanding of climate-biosphere interactions.
Develop the capability to make continental-scale predictions of the impacts
of trace-gas induced climatic change on vegetation.
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
A project member briefed OEPER staff on the recently completed A-level
deliverable "Sensitivities of ecological landscapes and regions to global
climatic change." This report scientifically ranks the potential sensi-
tivity of regions of the U.S., ecological systems, and attributes of these
systems to future climatic change.
Project staff participated in three workshops. The International Tropical
Forest Program Workshop was designed to integrate ORD and OPPE forest
effects research. The Scaling and Hierarchy Theory in Relation to Land
Management and Planning Workshop brought together the top scaling theoreti-
cians to discuss how to apply theory to current environmental issues,
including global climate change. The purpose of the third meeting, Workshop
on Global Change for LTER (Long Term Ecological Research) and other Long-
term Sites, was to define common experiments, modeling approaches, and
growth chamber work among the research sites to address important environ-
mental policy questions. Results from the previously mentioned A-level
deliverable were useful in defining these research tasks at the LTER sites.
Work has begun on developing a rule-based vegetation model using the results
from the biotic regions task. The biotic regions task has expanded to
include Canada.
Two requests for proposals have been drafted for extramural research on the
possible impacts of climatic change on 1) continental-scale vegetation
patterns and 2) the distribution of major tree species in North America.
Findings:
Conceptualization of a rule based continental-scale vegetation model has
begun. Results from the biotic regions task suggest that winter temperature
and the seasonality of precipitation are the primary determinants of the
distribution of vegetation in the United States. For instance, if winter
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temperatures are cold (as they are over most of the U.S.) then if a region
has wet springs and dry winters it will support a grassland. These types
of rules are being quantified and will form the basis of the continental-
scale vegetation model. Once developed, this model will be used to project
the redistribution of vegetation in North America in response to global
climatic change.
Publications:
Neilson, Ronald P., George A. King, Robert L. DeVelice, James Lenihan, Danny
Marks, Jayne Dolph, Bill Campbell, and Gail Glick. 1989. Sensi-
tivities of Ecological Landscapes and Regions to Global Climatic
Change. EPA/600/3-89/073.
Project Manager: Peter Beedlow FTS 420-4791
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change
December 31, 1989
Title: Forest Effects and Carbon Sequestering (82)
Objective(s):
1)	Evaluate and project sequestering and cycling of carbon by boreal,
temperate and tropical forests in response to global change scenarios.
2)	Characterize and project condition, migration and fragmentation of
boreal, temperate and tropical forests in response to global change
scenarios.
ORD Deliverable Status:
Evaluate the effects of climate change and increased concentrations of
atmospheric C02 on carbon sequestering and water use efficiency of forests,
including an assessment of the ecological constraints on large-scale
reforestation (09/30/90). On schedule.
Activities:
The Scope of Work (SOW) of Project 82 was divided and a new Project (87)
was established. The Project 82 SOW was subject to further revision of
objectives and tasks. Project 82 will focus on two policy questions:
PQ1: Carbon Dioxide Feedbacks. How will climate change affect the net
exchange of C02 between forests and the atmosphere?
PQ2: Forest Response. How will the distribution and productivity of
forests of the world respond to climate change?
An initiative was prepared for the FY90 US-USSR environment program. The
initiative focused on circumpolar analysis of global change effects on
boreal forests. This cooperative research would include exchange of
personnel, collaborative experiments and sharing of data.
Work plans were prepared for several tasks within the SOW including:
1)	Research on carbon sequestering and water-use efficiency of boreal and
temperate tree species.
2)	Field assessment of forest condition, distribution and migration at
high altitude and boreal sites.
3)	Development of cooperative research with Oregon Transect for
Ecological Research (OTER).
A Request for Pre-proposals (RFP) was developed and submitted to Commerce
Business Daily. The RFP addressed development and testing mechanistic
models of temperate forest ecosystem condition, migration and fragmentation
in response to GCC scenarios.
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A proposal was developed to establish a research facility at ERL-C to expose
trees to elevated C02 and different types of environmental stress (e.g.,
elevated temperature and drought). The facility would include up to 24
exposure chambers for replicated experiments. Chamber types, monitoring
systems, personnel needs were addressed in the proposal.
A national reforestation workshop for the country of India was planned.
The workshop will be implemented in early February 1990 in Madurai, Tamil
Nadu, India. Organization and planning activities included identification
of key speakers and participants, preparation and review of technical
papers, and logistical arrangements for the workshop. The workshop theme
will be tree establishment and forest management to mitigate effects of GCC.
t
A 21 day visit to West Africa to plan and conduct carbon cycling and
sequestering research in Ghana was implemented. Small-scale, site specific
research was conducted in three vegetation types of southern and central
Ghana. Preliminary estimates of forest distribution and condition, as well
as carbon storage capability, were completed.
Findings:
Current policy priorities include: 1) slowing the rate of GCC through a
reduction in atmospheric greenhouse gases; and 2) understanding the
potential consequences of GCC to the environment and society both domes-
tically and internationally. Terrestrial ecosystems, principally, boreal,
temperate and tropical forests, will play a significant global role with
regard to both policy issues. The revised Project 82 SOW will emphasize
biospheric feedbacks due to climate mediated changes in forest distribution,
condition and migration. An assessment of the ecological consequences of
GCC on global forest condition, distribution and migration is a secondary
goal.
The following statements reflect research information collected in Ghana in
October-November of 1989. Tropical forest ecosystems may significantly
influence the pools and flux of the global carbon cycle. The forests of
West Africa are a major component of global forests. Six vegetation types
which follow a precipitation gradient from the coast inward to the Sahel
region were identified in Ghana. These vegetation types include: moist
evergreen forest, transition forest, moist semi-deciduous, dry deciduous
forest, savannah and desert. Forest distribution and condition is rapidly
declining in Ghana. Carbon storage capability of moist and dry forests is
diminishing. The Sahara desert is spreading south into Ghana.
Publications:
Barrett, V., R.K. Dixon, and P.A. Lemke. Genetic transformation of a
mycorrhizal fungus. Aoolied Microbiology and Biotechnology
(submitted).
Dixon, R.K., R.S. Meldahl, G.A. Ruark, and W.G. Warren (eds.). Process
modeling of forest growth responses to environmental stress. Timber
Press (submitted).
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Dixon, R.K. Physiological processes and tree growth. IN Process Modeling
of forest growth responses to environmental stress (Dixon, R.K., R.S.
Meldahl, G.A. Ruark, and W.G. Warren, eds.). Timber Press,
(submitted).
Mexal, J.G., and R.K. Dixon. Reforestation and seedling symbionts. IN
Proceedings of National Reforestation Workshop, Madurai, Tamil Nadu,
India (submitted).
Dixon, R.K. Cytokinin activity in Citrus seedlings colonized by mycorrhizal
fungi. Annals of Forestry Science (in press).
Rao, M.V., V.K. Garg, Dixon, R.K. and W.D. Kelley. Growth and symbiosis of
Leucaena leucoceohala inoculated with specific ecto- and endomycorr-
hizal fungi. Leucaena Research Reports (in press).
Andersen, C.P., E.I. Sucoff, R.K. Dixon and A.H. Markhart. 1989. Effects
of phosphorus deficiency on root hydraulic conductivity in Fraxinus
pennsvlvanica. Can. J. Bot. 67:472-476.
Project Manager: Robert K. Dixon FTS 420-4311
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report — Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change
December 31, 1989
Title: Regional Energy Balance, Climate Feedbacks, and Water Resources
Effects (83)
Objective(s):
Investigate the most probable energy balance and water resources effects of
global climate change on terrestrial ecosystems in support of the require-
ments of the Global Climate Protection Act of 1987.
ORD Deliverable Status:
Assess climate feedbacks from the biosphere due to radiatively important
gases from vegetation, and changes in regional evapotranspiration and albedo
resulting from forest redistribution and degradation associated with climate
change and C02 doubling (09/30/90). On schedule.
Activities:
The Scope of Work for Project 83 was completed and approved by the
1aboratory.
Work continues on developing national and global GIS-based databases for use
in Global Change Research Program (GCRP) research. Parallel databases are
being set up in both ARC/INFO and GRASS formats.
Preliminary discussions between ERL-C staff and staff from the National
Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) were held regarding cooperative work on
developing global databases for use in the GCRP.
Preliminary analyses of historical rainfall-runoff relationships for the
continental U.S. were completed. The analyses showed areas where snow
deposition was under-represented, particularly in mountainous areas of the
western U.S. and Northeast.
Preliminary networking of the GCRP's computer system was completed. At
present, all workstations and IBM-compatible machines have been networked.
Additionally, all networked machines have direct access to a read/write
optical disk which, essentially, gives us unlimited storage.
Preliminary analyses of the representativeness of USGS gauging stations was
completed. Of particular importance was the under-representation of high
elevation areas with regard to gauging stations.
Three papers were presented by the Project 83 staff at the Fall Meeting of
the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco.
Findings:
No major findings to report.
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Publications:
Campbell, W.G., and D.C. Mortenson. 1989. Ensuring the quality of Geo-
graphic Information System data: A practical application of Quality
Control. Photoqrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 55(11):1613-
1618.
Campbell, W.G., D. Marks, and J. Dolph. 1989. Analysis of the representa-
tiveness of USGS gauging stations relative to topographic zones and
geographic regions. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union
70(43):1120.
Dolph, J., W.G. Campbell, and D. Marks. 1989. Geographic analysis of
historical rainfall/runoff data for the continental United States.
Transactions of the American Geophysical Union 70(43):1086.
Marks, D. 1989. An energy balance snowmelt model for application in alpine
watersheds. Transactions of the American Geophysical Union
70(43):1109.
Project Manager: Peter Beedlow FTS 420-4791
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change
December 31, 1989
Title: Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change on Agroecosystems (84)
Objective(s):
Provide scientifically sound estimates of the most probable and most likely
ecological effects of global climate changes on agroecosystems resulting
from tropospheric greenhouse gases, and support the requirements of the
Global Climate Protection Act of 1987.
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
Continued work on analyzing effects of global climate change on soil erosion
on U.S. croplands, pasturelands, and rangelands using future climate
scenarios from General Circulation Models (GCMs) of the atmosphere and the
National Resources Inventory data base on current soil erosion estimates.
Have linked Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS) GCM scenario with soil
erosion estimates at the county level and have begun preliminary estimates
of erosion changes.
Acquired Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) simulation model from
USDA ARS for use in analyzing climate change effects on agricultural soil
erosion and its impacts on agricultural production. Installed the model on
a laboratory computer and have it running.
Acquired future climate scenarios from National Centers for Atmospheric
Research for use in studies of global climate change effects. These
scenarios include four equilibrium doubled C02 scenarios and 2 transient
scenarios from 4 different GCMs. These scenarios are currently being
transferred to laboratory computer systems for use by all the Global Effects
and Global Biogeochemistry projects.
Acquired CERES-Wheat crop growth model for use in studies of global climate
change impacts on agricultural production and land use.
Reviewed Interagency Agreement proposal between USDA ARS and EPA OPPE for
a simulation study of effects of global climate change on U.S. rangelands.
Will continue to provide technical advisory assistance on this project.
Findings:
Implementation of the research on effects of climate change on U.S. agri-
cultural soil erosion is continuing. Agricultural production impacts of
climate change are not a high priority in the ORD Global Change Research
Program at this time. The future emphasis of this project will be redi-
rected to water limited lands and processes of desertification. The soil
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erosion research fits in this evolving perspective and will continue while
other research plans are developed.
Publications:
None this reporting period.
Project Manager: Donald L. Phillips FTS 420-4355
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Eco1ogical Effects of Global Climate Change
December 31, 1989
Title: Biogenic Emissions of Radiatively Important Trace Gases (85)
Objective(s):
Quantify the contribution from the earth's biota to global budgets of the
radiatively important trace gases and to develop scientific understanding
of the effects of climate change on biogenic emissions.
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
Made a presentation on global climate change at the International Food Day
Teleconference at Oregon State University.
Attended a briefing on the Oregon Transect for Ecosystem Research (OTER)
and developed plans for cooperative research with this group.
The report "Potential impacts of extensive tree planting on air quality and
atmospheric chemistry" was prepared for EPA Office of Policy, Planning and
Evaluation (OPPE).
A biomass burning conference sponsored by OPPE was attended.
The first draft of "Seasonality and the cycling of ammonium and nitrate in
a mixed old-growth coniferous forest" was prepared.
A conipilation of existing data on non-methane hydrocarbon emissions from
forests was initiated.
A manuscript "Nutrient leaching from conifer needles in relation to foliar
apoplast cation exchange capacity" was completed for internal review.
A briefing for the ERL-C Global Change Research Program Science Advisory
Group was presented.
Workshop attended, and paper presented, on UV effects on biogeochemical
dynamics in aquatic systems, Woods Hole, MA.
Met with researchers specializing in biogenic emissions measurements at
Harvard forest (Dr. S. Wofsy), Univ. of New Hampshire (Dr. R. Harriss), and
Smithsonian Inst.(Dr. B. Drake), as well as researchers on surface science
(Dr. R. Baier, SUNY at Buffalo) and tunable dye-laser measurements (Dr. T.
Mang, Roswell Park Mem. Inst., Buffalo, N.Y.).
Attended as lab representative a meeting between OPPE (D. Tirpak) and
OEPER Labs on bioemissions and biospheric feedbacks, and attended ARRC
committee hearings.
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Met with potential cooperators at Washington State University and Montana
State University to plan coordinated effort in bioemissions as part of OTER
project to be initiated in FY90.
Gave seminars at Western Washington University, Oregon State University.
Findings:
The NASA sponsored OTER project represents an opportunity to do cooperative
research with NASA on the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems. With the
addition of EPA sponsored research on the emissions of non-methane hydro-
carbons from the forest canopy and C02 emissions from the soil, the model
being developed within the OTER project will be able to simulate carbon
dynamics in forest ecosystems from a great range of environments and under
a range of climate scenarios. Linkage of the ecosystem modeling efforts in
OTER to opportunities for remote sensing of ecosystem structure and function
will allow simulation of forest ecosystem responses to climate change on a
regional basis.
Publications:
Hardy, Jr., and Hermann Gucinski. 1989. Stratospheric Ozone Depletion:
Implications for Marine Ecosystems. Oceanography 18-21.
Project Manager: Peter Beedlow FTS 420-4791
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report — Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change
December 31, 1989
Title: Effects of Global Climate Change on Biodiversity (86)
Objective(s):
Evaluate the threats that climate change and other stresses pose to bio-
diversity (with an emphasis on forested ecosystems), and evaluate options
for maintaining biodiversity to support the requirements of the Global
Climate Protection Act of 1987, and potential mandates specific to
biodiversity.
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
Work has begun on the Northwest Regional Pilot Project. Initial efforts
include data assimilation and inventory; request for pre-proposals on the
distribution of narrow endemic species have been solicited and received
(currently in review); and potential cooperative interactions with other
agencies (state and federal) are in progress. The approach and method-
ologies developed in this pilot project should be applicable in subsequent
assessments.
Participants in the interagency short course for decision makers on "Meeting
the Biodiversity Challenge" are being identified. The objectives of the
course are to increase Management's understanding and appreciation of
biological diversity, and to explore opportunities and strategies for
conserving diversity throughout the public domain. Reed Noss will be an
instructor in the short course jointly sponsored by EPA, the Bureau of Land
Management, USDA Forest Service, and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Efforts on the 1990 Seminar Series are under way as speakers are identified
and confirmed. This will be the lab's flagship effort in recognition of
Earth Day 1990.
Findings:
No major findings to report.
Publications:
Henderson, S., R.F. Noss, and P. Ross. Can NEPA protect biodiversity: In
Proceedings, the Scientific Challenges of NEPA: Future Directions
Based on 20 Years of Experience (in press).
Henderson, S., R.K. Olson, and R.F. Noss. 1989. Current and potential
threats to biodiversity in forests of the lower Pacific Coast states.
In R.K. Olson and A.S. Lefohn, eds. Effects of Air Pollution on
Western Forests, APCA Transaction Series, pp. 325-336.
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Noss, R. Indicators for monitoring biodiversity: A hierarchical approach.
Conservation Biology (in press).
Noss, R.F. Issues of scale in conservation biology. In P.L. Fiedler and
S.K. Jain, eds. Conservation Biology: The Theory and Practice of
Nature Conservation, Preservation, and Management. Chapman and Hall
(in press).
Project Manager: Reed F. Noss FTS 420-4318
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report — Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change
December 31. 1989
Title: Reforestation (87)
Objective(s):
Evaluate the potential of reforestation and other forestry practices to:
1) slow the increase of atmospheric CO, by increasing forest fixation and
storage of carbon (mitigation); and 2) nelp forests adapt to climate change
so that their C-sequestering capability is maintained (adaptation).
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months. This Project will contribute
to Project 82 A-deliverable.
Activities:
Project 87 is new this quarter; it was established October 4, 1989. A Scope
of Work was prepared describing relevant policy questions, objectives, and
approaches to research over the next five years. Further, an implementation
plan was developed establishing key start-up activities.
An outline was prepared for the Project's A-deliverable. Plans were
developed identifying the what, how, and who for completing the document by
09/30/90.
Efforts were made to coordinate Project activities with EPA's Office of
Policy, Planning and Evaluation (OPPE). Project scientists made two trips
to Headquarters to: discuss respective program goals; participate in
planning a national reforestation plan; and attend a tropical forestry
workshop.
Through the above contact, the project facilitated and reviewed two reports
requested immediately by OPPE from ERL-C scientists. One concerns an
assessment of possible biogenic emissions of greenhouse gases from large-
scale reforestation projects (completed by Dave Turner). The second
involves an analysis of potential techniques to enhance the carbon storage
capability of agricultural and forest soils (prepared by Mark Johnson).
Findings:
These start-up activities provided valuable insights into the role of forest
management for C-sequestering and adaptation. For example, C-sequestering
is an immediate need, and could be aided through implementation of silvi-
cultural practices such as reforestation or afforestation which maintain or
expand present forest land areas. Adaptation of forests to climate change
will be a need over the next several decades. Under the more drought-prone
climates projected for the future, this will be largely a matter of moisture
management using practices such as site preparation, thinning, and weed
control.
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Initial growth and yield model runs show that it would take 192 million
hectares of Douglas-fir plantations or 250 million hectares of Loblolly pine
to capture and store the U.S. anthropogenic carbon emissions for a period
of 50 years. Although maximum growth rates are similar for both species,
Douglas-fir requires less area because of its greater ability to store
carbon.
Pub!ications:
Winjum, J.K. Forest policy and management practices in an era of climatic
uncertainty. Proceedings of the 1989 Western Forestry Conference,
Sacramento, CA (in press).
Project Manager: Peter Beedlow FTS 420-4791
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Interdisciplinary
December 31, 1989
Title:	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Wetlands (90)
Objective(s):
Develop a research approach for statistical design, landscape character-
ization, and wetlands bioindicators of health for the Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP).
ORD Deliverable Status:
Simulated assessment of surface water and wetland ecosystem condition
(05/90). On schedule.
Activities:
Draft EMAP-Wetlands Indicators and Design documents were revised to incorpo-
rate both new guidance and reviewers comments. Robert Ohmart, Arizona State
University, and Forest Stearns, University of Wisconsin, were contacted and
agreed to peer review the indicator document.
A three page draft guidance document for an EMAP Wetlands Sampling Framework
was jointly prepared by the Wetlands Team and a representative from EPIC.
Joint overtarget funding proposals for indicator testing were prepared with
both the EMAP Surface Waters and Constructed Wetlands groups. The proposals
were presented at the EMAP review meeting in Gulf Breeze, FL.
The search for a Technical Director progressed. A short list of applicants
was prepared and evaluated. In addition, a list of potential interagency
applicants is being compiled.
An abstract on EMAP Wetlands was submitted to the Society of Wetland
Scientists for consideration at their annual meeting in Breckenridge, CO.
The EMAP-Wetlands approach, strategy, and options for spending FY90
resources are being evaluated.
Existing wetland datasets which incorporate both vegetation and/or macro-
invertebrate measures and known levels of stress are being evaluated for use
in analysis of EMAP wetland indicator metrics.
A proposal for inclusion of coastal wetlands in EMAP Wetlands was presented
to the EMAP Steering Committee In Gulf Breeze, Florida. EMAP Wetlands was
subsequently delegated the responsibility for incorporating coastal
wetlands into the program.
Pub!ications:
None this reporting period.
Project Manager: Eric Preston FTS 420-4666/4600
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Interdisciplinary
December 31, 1989
Title: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Forests (91)
Objective(s):
Reduce the uncertainty associated with ecological risk assessments in
forested ecosystems; develop a long-term environmental monitoring program
for forested ecosystems to provide regional and national scale information
on extent, status, changes, and trends in indicators of forest condition,
and determine causes of changes in forest condition.
ORD Deliverable Status:
Simulated assessment for forest ecosystems (05/90). On schedule.
Activities:
EPA is cooperating with the USDA Forest Service and state governments to
develop a single forest ecosystem monitoring program for the nation, and an
implementation plan for the Northeast. In the Northeast in FY90, and
expanding to a national scope in later years, EMAP-Forests is proposing to
assume certain responsibilities in four areas of monitoring: Implementation
plans and procedures, quality assurance and quality control, data collection
and laboratory analyses, and data analysis and reporting. In October and
December, EMAP-Forests staff attended meetings with the Forest Service
Monitoring Task Group to discuss the joint EPA/Forest Service (FS) national
forest ecosystem monitoring program, and implementation of forest health
monitoring in the Northeast in the summer of 1990. Joint EPA/FS sub-
committees are working on specific technical issues such as statistical
design, indicators of forest condition, logistics/implementation, and
Quality Assurance.
EMAP-Forests completed the final draft of the Forests section of the EMAP
Ecological Indicator Report.
Findings:
No major findings to report.
Publications:
None this reporting period.
Project Manager: Daniel H. McKenzie FTS 420-4666
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Interdisciplinary
December 31, 1989
Title: Environmental Monitoring & Assessment Program (EMAP)--Agroecosystems
(92)
Objective(s):
Provide technical support for the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program (EMAP) Task Group in Agroecosystems in order to establish a national
monitoring program to determine the ecological status and trends of U.S.
agroecosystems. Prior to establishing a national program, the Task Group
will develop sampling designs and monitoring strategies by reviewing and
evaluating potential stressor, exposure and response indicators.
ORD Deliverable Status:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
Activities:
Assisted EMAP-Agroecosystem Technical Director in writing the Agroecoystem
Indicator Report and in reviewing drafts of the Agroecosystem Research Plan.
The EMAP-Agroecosystem Task Group held a workshop in Raleigh, NC (December
13-14, 1989) to: 1) discuss with representatives from the National Agri-
cultural Statistics Service (NASS) the feasibility of using the NASS
national sampling framework for agroecosystems, and 2) discuss the current
list of 16 indicators being recommended for further evaluation.
Findings:
No major findings to report.
Publications:
None this reporting period.
Project Manager: David T. Tingey FTS 420-4621
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Interdisciplinary
December 31, 1989
Title- Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Surface Waters
(93)
Objective(s):
Determine the current status and trends in the condition of the nation's
inland surface waters; determine the pollutant status of surface waters.
Evaluate ecological indicators. Continue monitoring for surface water
effects from acidic deposition.
ORD Deliverable Status:
Pilot implementation plan for surface water Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment Program (09/90). On schedule.
Activities:
Developed a detailed outline of EMAP-Surface Waters design and indicators
documents.
Acquired sample U.S. Geological Survey 1:100,000 digital line graphs (DLGs)
for evaluation of site selection rules and evaluation of the utility of
these DLGs as surface water frame materials.
Initiated acquisition and processing of surface water databases for evalua-
tion of potential indicators and adequacy of proposed EMAP grid design.
Attended EPA Region 6 Water Quality Data Assessment Workshop; presented two
talks and one poster.
Attended EPA Office of Water Second Annual Water Quality Monitoring Sym-
posium; presented posters; chaired sessions; conducted field trips.
Presented a paper on "Regional Use of a Fish Assemblage Index for Water
Resource Assessments" at the Society of Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry's annual meeting in Toronto.
Briefed Office of Water River Reach Group on EMAP-surface waters design;
initiated discussion on potential collaboration on use of River Reach File
(USGS 1:100,000 Digital Line Graphs) for EMAP site selection and framework.
NOTE: For efficiency, Project 56, Long-Term Monitoring (LTM), has been
combined with this project.
Released a limited database (with major ion chemistry, conductance, and some
physical and geographic variables for 13 Long-Term Monitoring (LTM) sites
to the International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of
Acidification in Rivers and Lakes.
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Completed validation of LTM data for the Adirondacks, Upper Midwest,
Colorado and Maine through 1988.
Initiated discussion with Water. Air and Soil Pollution which will result
in the publication of a special issue of LTM data papers. Papers will be
contributed from each of the LTM regions; several more general papers on
aspects of long-term monitoring will be contributed by inhouse personnel.
Completed final draft of LTM Quality Assurance Plan.
Presented seminar on sensitivity and responsiveness of LTM sites in compari-
son to National Surface Water Survey sites, at international meeting in
Freiburg, West Germany.
Prepared draft proposal for the EMAP Steering Committee which describes a
plan for combining the LTM and Temporal Integrated Monitoring of Ecosystems
projects in an EMAP acidic deposition monitoring component.
Findings:
No major findings to report.
Publications:
Ford, J., T. Young, and J. Stoddard. 1989. Long-term monitoring for aquatic
effects of acid deposition. Presented at the 5th annual meeting of
the Program Task Force, International Cooperative Programme on
Assessment and Monitoring of Acidification of Rivers and Lakes,
Freiburg, West Germany, October 18, 1989.
Loftis, J.C., R.C. Ward, R.D. Phillips, and C.H. Taylor. 1989. An evalua-
tion of trend detection techniques for use in water quality monitoring
programs. EPA/600/3-89/037.
Loftis, J.C., C.H. Taylor. 1989. Detecting acid precipitation impacts on
lake water quality. Environ. Manage. 13:529-538.
Stoddard, J.L. Reconstruction of past and current episodes from historic
hydrologic and chemical data, Catski 11 Mountains, New York. Presented
at the annual American Geophysical Union meeting, San Francisco,
California, December 4-9, 1989.
Taylor, C.H., and J.C. Loftis. 1989. Testing for trends in lake and ground-
water quality time series. Wat. Resour. Bui 1. 25:715-726.
Project Manager: David P. Larsen FTS 420-4666
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Environmental Research Laboratory-Corvallis
Project Status Report — Interdisciplinary
December 31, 1989
Title: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Statistics
and Design (95)
Objective(s):
Design a permanent national sampling framework to address the status, extent,
and trends of ecological resources; define the statistical methods for
analyzing the spatial and temporal structure of data and for determining
trends; develop techniques for incorporating data from existing networks;
ensure the statistical adequacy of quality assurance (QA) and database
management (DBM) procedures; and provide training in environmental
statistics.
ORD Deliverable Status:
Use of found data and combination with probability samples (02/90). On
schedule.
Spatial considerations for a global environmental monitoring network (03/90).
On schedule.
Activities:
The EMAP statistical design staff and the statistical overview committee
have met twice with the peer review committee appointed by the American
Statistical Association (ASA) to begin the review of the EMAP statistical
design. Initial presentations and discussions have concentrated on the
systematic sampling grid design and related issues.
In anticipation of approval by the ASA review committee, the systematic
sampling grid for EMAP has been developed for most of North America, includ-
ing Alaska. Provisional release of grid points has been made for planning
summer 1990 field work and for testing landscape characterization. The
proposed grid design has been presented and discussed at an international
conference on environmental monitoring.
Statistical investigations are proceeding on trend detection, calibration,
spatial sampling density, and incorporation of other probability and non-
probability samples into EMAP.
Findings:
The sampling grid design, with the accompanying global geometric model,
appears to have high credibility with the cartographic, statistical, and
international environmental monitoring communities, based on responses at
workshops, meetings and conferences at which it has been discussed.
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An interpenetrating temporal design for sampling appears to have sufficient
power for detecting weak trends under model assumptions appropriate to EMAP
while allowing greater spatial coverage than other designs, based on
preliminary simulation results.
Publications:
None this reporting period.
Project Manager: Daniel H. McKenzie FTS 420-4666
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1987--CURRENT PUBLICATIONS
Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Abbruzzese, Brooke, Anastasia Allen, Sandra Henderson, and Mary Kentula, "Selecting
sites for comparison with created wetlands." C. D. A. Rubec and R. P.
Overend, (compilers). Proceedings of Symposium 87 Wetlands/Peatlands: pp.
291-297. 1987 Aug 23-27, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. 1987.
EPA/600/D-87/337. PB88 132 204/AS (A03). ERL-COR-837D.
Aber, John D., K. J. Nadelhoffer, P. Steudler, and 0. M. Melillo, "Nitrogen
saturation in northern forest ecosystems - hypothesis and implications."
Bioscience 39(6):378-386. 1989. P. Wigington, project officer.
ERL-COR-1006J.
Adams, R. M., J. D. Glyer, B. A. McCarl, and S. L. Johnson, "A reassessment of
the economic effects of ozone on U. S. agriculture." Journal of Air
Pollution Control Association 39:960-968. ERL-COR-945J.
Adams, Richard, and Thomas D. Crocker, "The agricultural economics of environmental
change: some lessons from air pollution." Journal of Environmental
Management 28:295-307. 1989. David T. Tingey, project officer.
ERL-C0R-1066J.
Adamus, Paul, "Wetlands and Water Quality: EPA's Research and Monitoring Imple-
mentation Plan for the Years 1989-1994." Corvallis, OR, US Environmental
Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. Eric Preston,
project officer. EPA/600/3-89/039. PB89 190 300/AS. ERL-COR-551.
Armstrong, J. L., N. L. Fowles, and P. T. Rygiewicz, "Restriction fragment length
polymorphisms distinguish ectomycorrhizal fungi." Plant and Soil 116:1-7.
1989. EPA/600/J-89/112. PB90 108 432/AS. ERL-COR-9J1J.
Armstrong, John L., Guy R. Knudson, and Ramon J. Seidler, "Microcosm method to
assess survival of recombinant bacteria associated with plants and herbi-
vorous insects." Current Microbiology 15:229-232. 1987. ERL-C0R-658J.
Armstrong, John L., L. Arlene Porteous, and Nathan D. Wood, "The Cutworm Peridroma
saucia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) supports growth and transport of pBR322-
bearing bacteria." 55(9).*2200-2205. 1989 Sept. J. Armstrong, project
officer. EPA/600/J-89/244. PB90 137 035/AS. ERL-C0R-988J.
Athey, L. A., J. M. Thomas, J. R. Skalski, and W. E. Miller, "Role of Acute
Toxicity Bioassays in the Remedial Action Process at Hazardous Waste Sites;
User's Manual." Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories. 1987. EPA/600/
8-87/044. PB88 125 430/AS (A06). ERL-Cor-423.
Aulerich, R. J., R. K. Ringer, and J. Safronoff, "Assessment of primary vs
secondary toxicity of Aroclor 1254 to mink." Archives of Environmental
Contamination and Toxicology 16:357-366. 1987. Jay Gile, project officer.
EPA/600/J-86/505. PB90 106 253/AS. ERL-C0R-563J.
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Baker, L. A., C. D. Pollman, and J. M. Eilers, "Alkalinity regulation in softwater
Florida Lakes." Water Resources Research 24(7):1069-1082. 1988. EPA/600/
J-88/415. PB90 110 081/AS. ERL-C0R-833JAP.
Banwart, W. L., P. M. Porter, E. L. Ziegler, and J. J. Hassett, "Growth parameter
and yield component response of field corn to simulated acid rain." Environ-
mental and Experimental Botany 28(1):43-51. 1988. Jeffrey J. Lee, project
officer. ERL-COR-664JAP.
Banwart, W. L., P. M. Porter, J. J. Hassett, and W. H. Walker, "Simulated acid
rain effects on yield response of two corn cultivars." Agronomy Journal
79(3):497-501. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/486. PB90 103 110. ERL-C0R-663JAP.
Barnes, P. W., P. W. Jordan, W. G. Gold, S. D. Flint, and M. M. Caldwell, "Competi-
tion, morphology, and canopy structure in wheat (triticum aestivum L.) and
wild oat (avena fatua L.) exposed to enhanced UV-B radiation." Functional
Ecology 2:319-330. 1988. R.Lackey, project officer. EPA/600/J-88/416.
PB90 108 317/AS. ERL-C0R-832J.
Bedford, Barbara L., and Eric M. Preston, "Developing the scientific basis for
assessing cumulative effects of wetland loss and degradation on landscape
functions: Status, Perspectives and Prospects." Environmental Management
12(5):751-771. 1988 Sept. E. M. Preston, project officer. ERL-COR-875J.
Bennett, Jewel K., Robert K. Ringer, Richard S. Bennett, Bill A. Williams, and
Philip E. Humphrey, "Comparison of breaking strength and shell thickness as
evaluators of eggshell quality." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
7:351-357. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/301. PB89 202 352/AS. ERL-C0R-816J.
Bennett, Richard S., "Factors influencing discrimination between insecticide-
treated and untreated foods by northern bobwhite." Archives of Environmental
Contamination and Toxicology 18:697-705. 1989. ERL-C0R-789J. KEY WORDS:
dietary discrimination, organophosphate, carbamate, parathion, carbofuran,
methiocarb.
Bennett, Richard S., "Role of dietary choices in the ability of bobwhite to dis-
criminate between insecticide-treated and untreated food." Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry 8:731-738. 1989. ERL-COR-452J.
Bennett, Richard S., and Daniel W. Schafer, "Procedure for evaluating the potential
ability of birds to avoid chemically contaminated food." Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry 7:359-362. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/399. PB90 100
603/AS. ERL-C0R-660J.
Bentjen, S. A., J. K. Fredrickson, P. Van Voris, and S. W. Li, "Intact soil-core
microcosms for evaluating the fate and ecological impact of the release of
genetically engineered microorganisms." Applied and Environmental Micro-
biology 55(1):198-202. 1989. C. Hendricks, project officer. EPA/600/
J-89/105. PB90 108 267/AS. ERL-C0R-881J.
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Biggs, R. H., and P. G. Webb, "Effects of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation on
yield, and disease incidence and severity for wheat under field conditions."
R. C. Worrest and M. M. Caldwell, (eds). Stratospheric Ozone Reduction,
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Plant Life: pp. 303-311. Berlin, Heidelberg,
Springer-Verlag. 1987. NATO ASI Series, G8J. McCarty, project officer.
EPA-600/D-87-060. PB87 176 905/AS (A02). ERL-Cor-745J.
Blick, D. James, Jay J. Messer, Dixon H. Landers, and W. Scott Overton, "Statis-
tical basis for the design and Interpretation of the National Surface Water
Survey, Phase I: Lakes and Streams." Lake and Reservoir Management
3:470-475. 1987. ERL-COR-752DAP.
Bohm, Margi, "A regional characterization of air quality and deposition in the
coniferous forests of the western United States." APCA Annual Meeting 1989
June, Anaheim, CA. 1989. EPA/600/D-89/216. PB90 134 230/AS. ERL-COR-1022D.
Brakke, David F., Dixon H. Landers, and Joseph M. Eilers, "Chemical and physical
characteristics of lakes in the Northeastern United States." Environmental
Science and Technology 22(2):155-163. 1988. ERL-COR-731JAP.
Brinson, Mark M., "Strategies for assessing the cumulative effects of wetland
alteration on water quality." Environmental Management 12(5):655-662. 1988
Sept. E. M. Preston, project officer. ERL-C0R-868J.
Burgett, Michael, "Interim Protocol for Testing the Effects of Microbial Pathogens
on the Honey Bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)." CorvaUis, OR,
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory.
1989. B. Lighthart, project officer. EPA/600/3-89/053. PB89 198 261/AS.
ERL-COR-555.
Caldwell, B. A., C. Ye, R. P. Griffiths, C. L. Moyer, and R. Y. Morita, "Plasmid
expression and maintenance during long-term starvation-survival of bacteria
in well water." 55(8):1860-1864. 1989 Aug. Ramon Seidler, project
officer. ERL-C0R-972J.
Carey, Ann, Anthony C. Janetos, and Roger Blair, "Responses of forests to atmos-
pheric deposition." National Research Plan for the Forest Response Program,
Corvallis, OR, U. S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1987. EPA/600/
3-86/066. PB87 140 919/AS (A06). ERL-C0R-376AP.
Charles, D. F., R. W. Battarbee, I. Renberg, H. van Dam, and J. P. Smol, "Paleo-
ecological Analysis of Lake Acidification Trends in North America and Europe
Using Diotoms and Chrysophytes." Chapter 2: Acid Precipitation New York,
NY, Springer-Verlag, IN: "Advances in Environmental Sciences", 1989.
D. Landers, project officer. EPA/600/D-89/106. PB90 113 762/AS.
ERL-COR-977D.
Church, M. Robbins, "Book review of Acid Rain: A water resources issue for the
80s." EOS Transactions, American Geophysical Union 68(15):209. 1987.
EPA/600/M-87/027. PB88 101 688/AS (A02). ERL-C0R-769misc. (Also published
in R. Herrmann and A.I. Johnson, eds. American Water Resources Association,
Bethesda, Maryland. 1983. 83 pp.)
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Church, M. R., "Predicting the future long-term effects of acidic deposition on
surface water chemistry: The Direct/Delayed Response Project." EOS,
Transactions, American Geophysical Union 70(35):801,802,812,813. 1989 Aug
29. ERL-COR-986J.
Coffey, D. S., J. C. Sprenger, D. T. Tingey, G. E. Neely, and J. C. McCarty,
"National Crop Loss Assessment network: quality assurance program."
Environmental Pollution 53:89-98. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/250. PB89 144 695/AS.
ERL-C0R-892J.
Cozzarelli, Isabelle M., Janet S. Herman, and Roderic A. Parnell, Jr. "The
mobilization of aluminum in a natural soil system: effects of hydrologic
pathways." Water Resources Research 23(5):859-874. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/379.
PB88 251 806/AS. ERL-COR-850JAP.
Crawford, J. A., P. J. Cole, K. M. Kilbride, and A. Fairbrother, "Atypical plumage
of a female California quail." California Fish and Game 73(4):244-247.
1987. EPA/500/J-87/493. PB90 111 535/AS. ERL-C0R-741J.
Crawford, John A., P. J. Cole, K. M. Kilbride, and Anne Fairbrother, "Atypical
plumage of a female California quail." California Fish and Game
73(4):244-247. 1987. ERL-C0R-741J.
Cusimano, R. F., J. P. Baker, W. J. Warren-Hicks, V. Lesser, W. W. Taylor, M. C.
Fabrizio, D. B. Hayes, and B. P. Baldigo, "Fish communities in lakes in
subregion 2B (upper peninsula of Michigan) in relation to lake acidity Vol.
I."	Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989.
EPA/600/3 - 89/021 a. PB89 16AS. ERL-COR-537a.
Cusimano, R. F., J. P. Baker, W. J. Warren-Hicks, V. Lesser, W. W. Taylor, M. C.
Fabrizio, D. B. Hayes, and B. P. Baldigo, "Fish communities in lakes in
subregion 2B (upper peninsula of Michigan) in relation to lake acidity Vol.
II."	Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989.
EPA/600/3-89/021b. PB89 161 848/AS. ERL-C0R-537b.
Dassel, K. A., and J. 0. Rawlings, "Experimental design strategy for the Weibull
dose response model." Environmental Pollution 53:333-349. 1988. EPA/600/
J - 88/248. PB89 144 992/AS. ERL-C0R-886J.
David, M. B., G. F. Vance, J. M. Rissing, and F. J. Stevenson, "Organic carbon
fractions in 0 and B horizon solutions from a New England spodosol: effects
of acid treatment." Journal of Environmental Quality 18(2):212-217. 1989.
P. J. Wigington,Jr., project officer. ERL-C0R-915J. KEYWORDS: hydrophobic
acids, hydrophilic acids, organic acids, sulfuric acids, nitric acid.
David, Mark B., M. J. Mitchell, D. Aldcorn, and R. B. Harrison, "Analysis of sulfur
in soil, plant and sediment materials: sample handling and use of an
automated analyzer." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 21(1):119-123. 1989,
P. J. Wigington, Jr, project officer. EPA/600/J-89/108. PB90 108 457/AS.
ERL-C0R-859JAP.
DeHaan, M. S., "Cubic spline smoothing: a useful tool for cure estimation."
Corvallis, OR, US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research
Laboratory. 1988. EPA/600/D-88/082. PB88 214 796/AS. ERL-C0R-476.
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Devanas, M. A., and G. Stotzky, "Survival of genetically engineered microbes in
the environment: effect of host/vector relationship." Developments in
Industrial Microbiology 29:287-296. 1988. EPA/600/D-88/109. PB88 214
978/AS. ERL-COR-492.
Drewes, Charles D., Mark J. Zoran, and Clarence Callahan, "Sublethal neurotoxic
effects of the fungicide benomyl on earthworms Eisenia fetida." Pesticide
Science 19:197-208. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/377. PB88 251 798/AS. ERL-C0R-626J.
Eilers, J. M., D. F. Brakke, D. H. Landers, and P. E. Kellar, "Characteristics of
lakes in mountainous areas of the western United States." Verh. Internat.
Verein. Limnol. Bd. 23:144-151. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/240. PB89 144 653/AS.
ERL-C0R-732JAP.
Eilers, J. M., D. H. Landers, D. F. Brakke, and R. A. Linthurst, "Factors con-
tributing to differences in acid neutralizing capacity among lakes in the
western United States." 23rd Annual AWRA Conference and Symposium 1987 Nov
1-6, Salt Lake City, UT. 1987. R. Lackey, project officer. EPA/600/
D-87/309. PB88 112 156/AS (A02). ERL-C0R-802DAP.
Eilers, Joseph M., David F. Brakke, and Dixon H. Landers, "Chemical and physical
characteristics of lakes in the upper midwest United States." Environmental
Science and Technology 22:164-172. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/157. PB89 119
408/AS. ERL-C0R-739JAP.
Eilers, Joseph M., D. F. Brakke Brakke, D. H. Landers, and W. S. Overton, "Chem-
istry of wilderness lakes in the western United States." Proceedings: World
Wilderness Congress, 1987 Sept 14-18, Estes Park, CO. 1987. EPA/600/
D-87/338. PB88 132 105/AS A03. ERL-C0R-838DAP.
Eilers, Joseph M., Dixon H. Landers, and David F. Brakke, "Chemical and physical
characteristics of lakes in the southeastern United States." Environmental
Science and Technology 22:172-177. 1988. ERL-C0R-737JAP.
Eshleman, K. N., "Predicting regional episodic acidification of surface waters
using empirical techniques." Water Resources Research. 1988. ERL-COR-
784JAP.
Eshleman, Keith N., and Harold F. Hemond, "Alkalinity and major ion budgets for
a Massachusetts reservoir and watershed." Limnology and Oceanography
33(2):174-185, Mar. 1988.
Eshleman, Keith N., and Philip R. Kaufmann, "Assessing the regional effects of
sulfur deposition on surface water chemistry: the Southern Blue Ridge."
Environmental Science and Technology 22(6):685-690. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/245.
PB89 145 064/AS. ERL-C0R-801JAP.
Fairbrother, A., and J. K. Bennett, "The usefulness of cholinesterase measure-
ments." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 24(3):587-590. 1987. ERL-C0R-889Misc.
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Fairbrother, A., S. M. Meyers, and R. S. Bennett, "Changes in mallard hen behaviors
in response to methyl parathion- induced illness of ducklings." Environ.
Tox. and Chemistry 7:499-503. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/300. PB89 202 345/AS.
ERL-COR-803J.
Fairbrother, Anne, "Control of Baculoviruses." Stotzky and Vidaver, (eds).
Classical and Molecular Methods to Assess Environmental Applications of
Microorganisms. 1988. ERL-COR-907D.
Fairbrother, Anne, and Jewel Bennett, "Letter to the Editor: The usefulness of
cholinesterase measurements." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 24(3):587-590.
1988. EPA/600/J-88/423. PB90 108 218/AS. ERL-C0R-889Misc.
Fairbrother, Anne, Richard S. Bennett, and Jewel K. Bennett, "Sequential sampling
of plasma cholinesterase in mallards Anas platyrhynchos as an indicator of
exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors." Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry 8:117-122. 1989. EPA/600/J-89/106. PB90 108 259/AS.
ERL-C0R-888J.
Fernandez, I. J., and P. A. Kosian, "Soil air carbon dioxide concentrations in a
New England spruce-fir forest." Soil Science Society of America Journal
51:261-263. 1987. R. Lackey, project officer. EPA/600/J-87/043. PB87 203
162/AS (A02). ERL-COR-676JAP.
Flagler, R. B., R. P. Patterson, A. S. Heagle, and W. W. Heck, "Ozone and soil
moisture deficit effects on nitrogen metabolism of soybean." Crop Science
27:1177-1184. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/464. PB89 144 398/AS. ERL-COR-678J.
Fletcher, John S., Alan W. Groeger, and James C. McFarlane, "Metabolism of
2-chlorobiphenyl by suspension cultures of Paul's Scarlet Rose." Bulletin
of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 39:960-965. 1987. EPA/600/
J-87/439. PB88 251 439. ERL-COR-755J.
Fletcher, John, Alan Groeger, Joel McCrady, and James McFarlane, "Polychlorbophenyl
PCB metabolism by plant cells." Biotechnology Letters 9(11):817-820. 1987.
EPA/600/J-87/425. ERL-C0R-830J.
Floyd, R. A., M. S. West, K. L. Eneff, W. E. Hogsett, and D. T. Tingey, "Hydroxyl
free radical mediated formation of 8-hydroxyguanine in isolated DNA."
Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 262(1):266-272- 1988. EPA/600/
J-88/225. PB89 144 562/AS. ERL-C0R-815J.
Ford, E. D., and A. R. Kiester, "Modeling the Effects of Pollutants on Tree
Growth." Proceedings: R. K. Dixon, et al. Forest Growth: Process Modeling
of Response to Environmental Stress. 1989. A. R. Kiester, project officer.
EPA/600/D-89/202. PB90 130 600/AS. ERL-COR-1002D.
Fredrickson, J. K., and R. J. Seidler,(Editors) "Evaluation of terrestrial micro-
cosms for detection, fate, and survival analysis of genetically engineered
microorganisms and their recombinant genetic material." Corvallis, OR, US
Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989.
R. Seidler, project officer. EPA/600/3-89/043. PB89 194 260/AS.
ERL-COR-543.
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Gallant, A. L., T. R. Whittier, D. P. Larsen, J. M. Omernik, and R. M. Hughes,
"Regionalization as a Tool for Managing Environmental Resources." Corvallis,
OR, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory.
1989. D. P. Larsen, project officer. EPA/600/3-89/060. Not sold by NTIS.
ERL-COR-557.
Gay, Cheryl Aeschbach, "Modeling Tree Level Processes." Proceedings: Second
US/USSR Symposium on Air Pollution Effects on Vegetation 1988 Sept, Raleigh,
NC. 1989. Roger Blair, project officer. EPA/600/D-89/164. PB90 116
633/AS. ERL-C0R-526D.
Germann, P. F., "Macropores and Hydrologic Hi 11 si ope Processes." Chapter 9: M.
G. Anderson and T. P. Buit, (eds). Process Studies in Hi 11 si ope Hydrology.
John Wiley. 1988. ERL-C0R-125J.
Greene, J. C., W. J. Warren, B. R. Parkhurst, G. L. Linder, C. L. Bartels, S. A.
Peterson, and W. E. Miller, "Protocols for Short-Term Toxicity Screening of
Hazardous Waste Sites." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research
Laboratory. 1988. EPA 600/3-88/029. PB88 235 510/AS. ERL-C0R-496.
Greene, Joseph C., "Biological Assessment of Toxicity Caused by Chemical Constitu-
ents Eluted from Site Soils Collected at the Drake Chemical Superfund Site
Lock Haven, CIinton County, Pennsylvania." Corvallis, OR, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. ERL-COR-576.
KEY W0RDS:organic compounds, heavy metals, hardness, algal, daphnia,
bacteria, toxicity bioassay, Superfund.
Greene, Joseph C., William E. Miller, Mary Debacon, Michael A. Long, and Cathy L.
Bartels, "Use of Selenastrum Capricornutum to assess the toxicity potential
of surface and ground water contamination caused by chromium waste."
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 7:35-39. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/426.
PB90 108 242/AS. ERL-C0R-709J.
Griffiths, R. P., C. L. Moyer, B. A. Caldwell, C. Ye, and R. Y. Morita, "Long-term
Starvation-induced Loss of Apparent Antibiotic Resistance in Cells Containing
the Plasmid pSa." Corvallis, OR, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. R. J. Seidler, project officer.
EPA/600/3-89/059. PB89 214 415/AS. ERL-COR-556.
Groeger, A., and J. S. Fletcher, "The Influence of increasing chlorine content on
the accumulation and metabolism of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by Paul's
Scarlet Rose cells." Plant Cell Reports 7:329-332. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/275.
PB89 197 685/AS. ERL-C0R-924J.
Guderian, Robert, and David T. Tingey, "Study on the need and the establishing of
air quality criteria for nitrogen oxides." 170 pp. (in German). Essen,
Germany., Institut fur Angewandte Botanik der Universitat-GHS. 1987 Jan.
Harker, Alan R., Ronald H. Olsen, and Ramon J. Seidler, "Phenoxyacetic acid
degradation by the 2,4-Dichloro- phenoxyacetic acid (TFD) pathway of plasmid
pJP4: mapping and characterization of the TFD regulatory gene, tfdR."
Journal of Bacteriology 171(1):314-420. 1989. R. J. Seidler, project
officer. EPA/600/J-89/109. PB89 237 473. ERL-COR-908J.
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Harris, Larry D., "The nature of cumulative impacts on biotic diversity of wetland
vertebrates." Environmental Management 12(5):675-693. 1988 Sept. E. M.
Preston, project officer. ERL-COR-870J.
Hazard, John W., and Beverly E. Law, "Forest Survey Methods Used in the USDA Forest
Service." Corvallis, OR, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental
Research Laboratory. 1989. Roger Blair, project officer. EPA/600/3-89/065.
PB89 220 594/AS. ERL-COR-561.
Heagle, A. S., B. Flagler, R. P. Patterson, V. M. Lesser, S. R. Shafer, and W. W.
Heck, "Injury and yield response of soybean to chronic doses of ozone and
soil moisture deficit." Crop Science 27:1016-1024. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/467.
P889 144 422. ERL-COR-711J.
Heagle, A. S., J. E. Miller, VI. W. Heck, and R. P. Patterson, "Injury and yield
response of cotton to chronic doses of ozone and soil moisture deficit."
Journal of Environmental Quality 17(4J:627-635. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/304.
PB89 205 124/AS. ERL-COR-835J.
Heagle, Allen S., W. W. Heck, V. M. Lesser, and J. 0. Rawlings, "Effects of daily
ozone exposure duration and concentration fluctuation on yield of tobacco."
Phytopathology 77(6):856-862. 1987. D. Tingey, project officer.
ERL-C0R-610J.
Heck, W. W., 0. C. Taylor, and D. T. Tingey,(eds) "Assessment of crop lo3s from
air pollutants." Proceedings International Conference 1987 Oct 25-29,
Raleigh, NC. 1988. ERL-COR-515.
Heggestad, H. E., E. L. Anderson, T. J. Gish, and E. H. Lee, "Effects of ozone and
soil water deficit on roots and shoots of field grown soybeans."
Environmental Pollution 50:259-278. 1988. ERL-C0R-817J.
Hemond, Harold F., and Janina Benoit, "Cumulative impacts on water quality func-
tions of wetlands." Environmental Management 12(5):639-653. 1988 Sept.
E. M. Preston, project officer. ERL-C0R-867J.
Henderson, S., A. B. Allen, B. Abbruzzese, M. E. Kentula, and R. M. Hughes, "A
method for the selection of reference wetlands." Proceedings of the Society
of Wetland Scientists' Eighth Annual Meeting: Wetland and Riparian Ecosystems
of the American West 1987 May 26-29, Seattle, WA. 1988. EPA/600/0-88/254.
PB89 129 043/AS. ERL-C0R-823D.
Henderson, Sandra, Richard K. Olson, and Reed F. Noss, "Current and potential
losses of biodiversity in forests of the Pacific coast states." 1989. Peter
Beedlow, project officer. EPA/600/D-89/213. PB90 134 206/AS.
ERL-C0R-1014D.
Hendricks, Charles W., and Nanci Pascoe, "Soil microbial biomass estimates using
2450 MHz microwave irradiation." Plant and Soil 110:39-47. 1988.
EPA/600/J-88/403. PB90 103 185/AS. ERL-COR-773J.
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Hendricks, Charles W., Eldor A. Paul, and Paul D. Brooks, "Growth measurements of
terrestrial microbial species by a continuous-flow technique." Plant and
Soil 101:189-195. 1987. ERL-C0R-649J.
Hendricks, Charles W., and Albert N. Rhodes, "Effect of Chemicals on Soil Nitri-
fying Populations Using a Continuous-flow Culture Technique." US EPA's
Waste Testing and Quality Assurance Symposium 1989 July 24-28, Washington,
DC. 1989. Larry Kapustka, project officer. EPA/600/D-89/221. PB90 134
289/AS. ERL-C0R-1040D.
Herdendorf, Charles E., "The ecology of the coastal marshes of western Lake Erie:
a community profile." U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (U.S. FWS Biological
Report 857.9), U.S. Department of the Interior; Corps of Engineers, U.S.
Department of the Army; and U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory.
1987. E. Preston (EPA) and W. Duffy (FWS), project officer. PB87 186
805/AS. ERL-COR-416.
Hirsch, Allan, "The regulatory context for cumulative impact research." Environ-
mental Management 12(5).-715-723. 1988 Sept. E. M. Preston, project officer.
ERL-C0R-873J.
Hodges, Steven C., "Aluminum speciation: a comparison of five methods." Soil
Science Society of America Journal 51:57-64. 1987. R. Wilhour, project
officer. EPA/600/J-87/057. PB87 213 252/AS (A02). ERL-C0R-584JAP.
Hogsett, W. E., D. T. Tingey, G. E. Taylor, D. M. Olszyk, and D. P. Ormond, "Air
Pollution exposure systems and experimental protocols, Vol. 1: A review and
evaluation of performance." 1987. 137 pp. EPA/600/3-87/037a. PB88 181
680. ERL-COR-437a.
Hogsett, W. E., D. T. Tingey, G. E. Taylor, D. M. Olszyk, and D. P. Ormond, "Air
pollution exposure systems and experimental protocols, Vol. 2: description
of facilities." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Evironmental Research Laboratory.
1987.	347 pp. EPA/600/3-87/037b. PB88 181 698. ERL-C0R-437b.
Hogsett, William E., David T. Tingey, Craig Hendricks, and Deborah Rossi, "Sensi-
tivity of important western conifer species to S02 and seasonal interaction
of acid fog and ozone." Proceedings of annual meeting of Air & Waste
Management Association:Transactions: Symposium on the Effects of Air Pollu-
tants on Western Conifers 1989 Jun 28-30, Anaheim, CA. 1989. EPA/600/
D-89/111. PB90 113 150/AS. ERL-COR-1035D.
Holdren, George R., Jr., Charles I. Liff, and David L. Cassell, "Cation Exchange
Models and the Prediction of Soil Buffering Capacity." Chapter 11:Chemical
Modeling in Aqueous Systems 1989. M. R. Church, project officer.
ERL-C0R-973D.
Hughes, R. M., and D. P. Larsen, "Ecoregions: an approach to surface water
protection." Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 60(4):486-493.
1988.	EPA/600/J-88/224. PB89 144 554/AS. ERL-C0R-819J.
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Hughes, R. M., Eric Rexstad, and Carl E. Bond, "The relationship of aquatic
ecoregions, river basins and physiographic provinces to ichthyogeographic
regions of Oregon." Copeia 2:423-432. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/375.
ERL-COR-556.
Hughes, Robert M., "Ecoregional Biological Criteria." Proceedings: Water Quality
Standards for the 21st Century: pp. 147-151. 1989 Mar, Dallas, TX. 1989.
D. Landers, project officer. EPA/600/D-89/167. PB90 116 609/AS.
ERL-C0R-1027D.
Hughes, Robert M., and James R. Gammon, "Longitudinal changes in fish assemblages
and water quality In the Willamette River, Oregon." Transactions of the
American Fisheries Society 116(2):196-209. 1987. ERL-C0R-638J.
Jacobs, L. W., G. A. O'Connor, M. A. Overcash, M. J. Zabek, and P. T. Rygiewicz,
"Effects of trace organics in sewage sludges on soil-plant systems and
assessing their risk to humans." T. J. Logan and J.A. Ryan, (eds). Land
Applications of Municipal Sewage Sludges: Food Chain Implications, Chelsea,
MI, Lewis Publications. 1987. EPA/600/D-87/306. PB88 113 469/AS (A02).
ERL-C0R-778D.
James, Bruce R., and Susan J. Riha, "Forest soil organic horizon acidification:
effects of temperature, time, and solution/soil ratio." Soil Science Society
of America Journal 51(2):458-462. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/484. PB90 103 094/AS.
ERL-C0R-641JAP.
Jenne, E. A., L. E. Eary, L. W. Vail, 0. C. Girvin, A. M. Liebetrau, L. F. Hibler,
T. B. Miley, and M. J. Monsour, "An evaluation and analysis of three dynamic
watershed acidification codes (MAGIC, ETD, and ILWAS)." Corvallis, OR, U.S.
EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. EPA/600/3-89/045. PB89 006
388. ERL-C0R-538.
Johnson, Carol A., Naomi E. Detenbeck, John P. Bonde, and Gerald J. Niemi, "Geo-
graphic Information Systems for cumulative impact assessment." Photogram-
metric Engineering and Remote Sensing 54(11):1609-1615. 1988 Nov. Eric M.
Preston, project officer. EPA/600/J-88/480. PB90 137 076/AS. ERL-COR-928J.
Johnson, Colleen Burch, T. J. Sullivan, and D. J. Blick, "Identifying lake popu-
lations: The U.S. Environmental Protections Agency's Eastern Lake Survey."
Water Resources Bulletin 25(3):565-572. 1989 June. ERL-C0R-949J.
Kapustka, Larry, and Greg Linder, "Hazardous Waste Site Characterization Utilizing
in situ and Laboratory Bioassessment Methods." Proceedings of Symposium:
Midwest Pollution Control Biologists Instream Biological Monitoring and
Criteria Workshop. 1989 Feb 14-17, Chicago, IL. 1989. EPA/600/D-89/215.
PB90 134 222. ERL-COR-1020D.
Kaufmann, P., A. Herlihy, M. Mitch, A. Kinney, S. Christie, 0. Brown, J. Elwood,
M. Sale, H. Jager, K. Cougan, D. Peck, C. Hagley, S. Overton, J. Messer, and
K. Reckhow, "Vol. I: Population descriptions & physico-chemical relation-
ships." Chemical characteristics of streams in the mid-Atlantic and
southeastern United States. 1988. EPA/600/3-88/021 a. PB89 119 606/AS.
ERL-C0R-482.
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Kaufmann, P., A. Herlihy, M. Mitch, A. Kinney, S. Christie, D. Brown, J. Elwood,
M. Sale, H. Jager, K. Cougan, 0. Peck, C. Hagley, S. Overton, J. Messer, and
K. Reckhow, "Vol. II: Streams sampled, descriptive statistics, & compendium
of physical and chemical data." Chemical Characteristics of Streams in the
Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States. 1988. EPA/600/3-88/021b. PB89
119 614/AS. ERL-C0R-482b.
Kendall, Ronald J., Larry W. Brewer, Thomas E. Lacher, Brad T. Marden, and Michael
L. Whitten, "The Use of Starling Nest Boxes for Field Reproductive Studies:
Provisional Guidance Document and Technical Support Document." Corvallis,
OR, US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory.
1989. R. S. Bennett, project officer. EPA/600/8-89/056. PB89 195 028/AS.
ERL-C0R-545.
Kentula, Mary E., "Does mitigation work? EPA's wetland research program is
checking." Proceedings: The Hillsborough Community College 14th Annual
Conference on Wetlands Restoration and Creation, 1987 May, Tampa, FL. 1987.
E. Preston, project officer. EPA/600/D-87/308. PB88 112 149/AS(A02).
ERL-COR-800D.
Kentula, Mary E., "EPA initiates wetland research in the Pacific Northwest." The
Northwest Environmental Journal 3:163-164. 1987 Mar. EPA/600/M-87/026.
PB88 101 696/AS(A02). ERL-COR-768MISC.
Kentula, Mary E., "Wetland mitigation: research opportunities and needs." Country
in the City: Managing natural resources in the urban environment. 1988 Feb,
Portland, OR. 1988. ERL-C0R-940D.
Kentula, Mary E., "Wetland Creation and Restoration: EPA's Research Program and
Investigation of an Extensive Sampling Approach to Comparing Created and
Natural Wetlands." Proceedings: First Annual Meeting of the Society for
Ecological Restoration and Management 1989, Oakland, CA. 1989. E. M.
Preston, project officer. EPA/600/D-89/114. PB90 113 119/AS.
ERL-C0R-1054D.
Kiester, A. Ross, "Background for the synthesis and integration of forest response
to atmospheric deposition." California Forest Response Program Planning
Conference, Asilomar, CA. 1987 Feb 22-25. R. Blair, project officer.
ERL-COR-775DAP.
Kiester, A. Ross, "Future Challenges for Air Pollution and Forest Ecosystem
Research in the West." Proceedings:Effect of Air Pollution on Western
Forests 1989 Jun, Anaheim, CA. APCA. 1989. R. Blair, project officer.
EPA/600/D-89/219. PB90 134 263/AS. ERL-C0R-1026D.
Kiester, A. Ross, "Process modeling of tree and forest growth: Current perspectives
and future needs." Symposium Vol.: R. K. Dixon et al. Forest Growth:
Process Modeling of Response to Environmental Stress. 1989. Roger Blair,
project officer. EPA/600/D-89/212. PB90 134 198/AS. ERL-C0R-1005D.
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Kiester, A. Ross, "The role of models in the forest response program." Proceedings
1987 IUFRO Forest Growth Modeling and Prediction Conference 1986 Aug 24-28,
Minneapolis, MN. 1987. EPA/600/D-87/334. PB88 130 281/AS A03.
ERL-C0R-828DAP.
King, D. A., A. S. Heagle, and R. B. Flagler, "Evaluation of an ozone x moisture
stress interaction model for soybean." Ecological Modelling 41:269-279.
1988. EPA/600/J-88/257. PB89 143 754/AS. ERL-COR-704J.
King, David A. "A model for predicting the influence of moisture stress on crop
losses caused by ozone." Ecological Modelling 35:29-44. 1987 Jan. D. Tingey,
project officer. EPA/600/J-87/077. PB88 102 983/AS A02. ERL-COR-467J.
King, David A., "Modeling the impact of ozone and drought interactions on regional
crop yields." Environmental Pollution 53:351-364. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/221.
PB89 144 505/AS. ERL-C0R-836J.
King, David A., and William L. Nelson, "Assessing the impacts of soil moisture
stress on regional soybean yield and its sensitivity to ozone." Agriculture,
Ecosystems, and Environment 20:23-35. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/469. PB89 144
430/AS. ERL-COR-580J.
King, George A., "Climate-Biosphere Interactions Scope of Work." Corvallis, OR,
US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989.
P. A. Beedlow, project officer. EPA/600/3-89/054. PB90 106 444/AS.
ERL-COR-559.
Klopatek, Jeffrey M., "Some thoughts on using a landscape framework to address
cumulative impacts on wetland food chain support." Environmental Management
12(5):703-711. 1988 Sept. E. M. Preston, project officer. ERL-COR-872J.
Knittel, M. D., and Anne Fairbrother, "Effects of temperature and pH on survival
of free nuclear polyhidrosis virus of Autographa californica." Applied and
Environmental Microbiology 53(12):2771-2773. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/492. PB90
108 887/AS. ERL-C0R-728J.
Kohut, R. J., R. G. Amundson, and J. A. Laurence, "Effects of ozone and sulfur
dioxide on yield of red clover and timothy." Journal of Environmental
Quality 17(4):580-585. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/400. PB90 100 611/AS.
ERL-C0R-688J.
Kohut, R. J., J. A. Laurence, and L. J. Colavito, "The influence of ozone exposure
dynamics on the growth and yield of kidney bean." Environmental Pollution
53:79-88. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/247. PB89 145 015/AS. ERL-C0R-884J.
Krasovsky, Vera N., and G. Stotzky, "Conjugation and genetic recombination in
Escherichia coli in sterile and nonsterile soil." Soil Biol. Biochem.
19(5):631-638. 1987. ERL-C0R-896J.
Krug, W. R., W. A. Gebert, D. J. Graczyk, D. Stevens, B. P. Rochelle, and M. R.
Church, "Runoff map for the northeastern southeastern and mid-Atlantic United
States for water years 1951-80." 1988. ERL-C0R-472.
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Kusler, Jon, and Mary E. Kentula,(eds) "Wetland Creation and Restoration: The
Status of the Science." Corvallis, OR U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. Eric M. Preston, project
officer. EPA/600/3-89/038a,b. ERL-COR-542.
Kusler, Jon A., Hi 11icent Quammen, and Gai1 Brooks,(eds) "Mitigation of Impacts
and Losses." Proceedings of the National Wetland Symposium. 1988.
EPA/600/9-88/014. PB88 223 797/AS. ERL-COR-457.
Lackey, Robert T., "Environmental Research Laboratory - Corvallis." Laboratories
of the United States, Published by American Fisheries Society. 1989.
EPA/600/D-89/222. PB90 134 297/AS. ERL-C0R-1043D.
Lammers, D. A., D. L. Cassell, and J. J. Lee, "Field operations and quality
assurance/quality control for direct/delayed response project soil mapping
activities in the northeast region." 1987. 140 pp. EPA/600/3-87/017. PB88
171 301. ERL-C0R-406AP.
Lammers, D. A., D. L. Cassell, J. J. Lee, W. G. Campbell, and M. G. Johnson, "Field
operations and quality assurance/quality control for direct/delayed response
project soil mapping activities in the Southern Blue Ridge Region." 1987.
EPA/600/3-88/106. PB88 195 722/AS. ERL-COR-454AP.
Landers, D. H., J. M. Eilers, D. F. Brakke, and P. E. Kellar, "Characteristics of
acidic lakes in the eastern United States." Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol.
Bd. 23:152-162. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/232. PB89 144 646/AS. ERL-COR-734JAP.
Landers, Dixon H., W. Scott Overton, Rick A. Linthurst, and David F. Brakke,
"Eastern lake survey: regional estimates of lake chemistry." Environmental
Science and Technology 22:128-135. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/241. PB89 144 661.
ERL-C0R-730JAP.
Larsen, David P., Daniel R. Dudley, and Robert M. Hughes, "An approach for
assessing attainable water quality: Ohio as a case study." Journal of Soil
and Water Conservation 43(2):171-176. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/401. PB90 100
626/AS. ERL-C0R-681J.
Lee, E. Henry, David T. Tingey, and W. E. Hogsett, "Evaluation of ozone exposure
indices in exposure-response modeling." Journal of Environmental Pollution
53:43-62. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/244. PB89 145 049/AS. ERL-COR-798J.
Lee, E. Henry, D. T. Tingey, and W. E. Hogsett, "Evaluation of ozone exposure
indices for relating exposure to plant production and for estimating
agricultural losses." 1988. EPA/600/3-88/039. PB89 118 350/AS.
ERL-COR-518.
Lee, E. Henry, D. T. Tingey, and W. E. Hogsett, "Interrelation of Experimental
Exposure and Ambient Air Quality Data for Comparison of Ozone Exposure
Indices and Estimating Agricultural Losses." Corvallis, OR, US Environmental
Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. D. Tingey,
project officer. EPA/600/3-89/047. PB89 195 036/AS. ERL-COR-546.
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Lee, J. J., D. A. Lammers, D. Stevens, K. Thornton, and K. Wheeler, "Classifying
soils for acidic deposition aquatic effects: A scheme for the northeast U.S."
Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53:1153-1162. 1989. EPA/600/J-89/. ERL-C0R-935J.
Lee, Jeffrey, Duane Lammers, Mark Johnson, Robbins Church, Donald Stevens, Deborah
Coffey, Robert Turner, Louis Blume, Leon Liegel, and Richard Holdren,
"Watershed surveys to support an assessment of the regional effects of acidic
deposition on surface water chemistry." Environmental Management
13(1):95-108. 1989. M. R. Church, project officer. EPA/600/J-89/107. PB90
108 473/AS. ERL-C0R-854JAP.
Lee, Jeffrey, David Marmorek, Kent Thornton, Donald Stevens, and Duane Lammers
(compilers), "Direct/Delayed Response Project: Definition of sampling classes
and selection of sampling sites for the northeast." Corvailis, OR, US
Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989.
M. R. Church, project officer. EPA/600/3-89/041. PB89 198 246/AS.
ERL-C0R-357/AP.
Lee, Lyndon C., and James G. Gosselink, "Cumulative impacts on wetlands: linking
scientific assessments and regulatory alternatives." Environmental
Management 12(5):591-602. 1988 Sept. E. M. Preston, project officer.
ERL-C0R-863J.
Lefohn, A. S., C. E. Davis, C. K. Jones, D. T. Tingey, and W. E. Hogsett,
"Co-occurrence patterns of gaseous air pollutant pairs at different minimum
concentrations in the United States." Atmospheric Environment
21 (11):2435-2444. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/466. PB89 144 414/AS. ERL-C0R-707J.
Lefohn, A. S., C. E. Davis, C. K. Jones, D. T. Tingey, and W. E. Hogsett Hogsett,
"Reply to B.A. Marie and D.P. Ormrod comments about the article
'Co-occurrence patterns of gaseous air pollutant pairs at different minimum
concentrations in the United States'." Atmospheric Environment 22:1243.
1987. ERL-COR-849J.
Lefohn, A. S., H. P. Knudsen, J. A. Logan, J. Simpson, and C. Bhumralkar, "An
evaluation of the Kriging Method to predict 7-h seasonal mean ozone
concentrations for estimating crop losses." JAPCA 37(5):595-602. 1987.
EPA/600/J-87/465. PB89 144 406/AS. ERL-C0R-687J.
Lefohn, A. S., H. P. Knudsen, and L. R. McEvoy, "The use of kriging to estimate
monthly ozone exposure parameters for the 'southeastern United States."
Environmental Pollution 53:27-42. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/249. PB89 145 007/AS.
ERL-C0R-887J.
Lefohn, Allen S., W. E. Hogsett, and David T. Tingey, "The development of sulfur
dioxide and ozone rural exposure profiles that mimic ambient conditions in
the southeastern United States." Atmospheric Environment 21(3)-.659-669.
1987. EPA/600/J-87/376. PB88 251 848/AS. ERL-COR-613J.
Levin, Morris A., Ramon Seidler, W. Borquin, John R. Ill Fowle, and Tamar
Barkay, "EPA developing methods to assess environmental release."
Biotechnology 5:38-45. 1987 Jan.
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Liegel, Leon H., and Delbert Thompson, "Poster displays for scientific meetings."
Journal Agronomic Education 18(2):69-75. 1989. M. Robbins Church, project
officer. ERL-C0R-932J. KEY WORDS: displays, exhibits, poster, spot art,
visuals.
Lighthart, Bruce, "Some changes in gut bacterial flora of field-grown Peridroma
saucia Lepidoptera: Noctuidae when brought into the laboratory." Applied
and Environmental Microbiology 54(7):1896-1898. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/398.
PB90 100 595/AS. ERL-COR-654J.
Lighthart, Bruce, and Jinwon Kim, "Report on Dispersal of BCAs Released to the
Atmosphere (Simulation of airborne microbial droplet transport)." Corvallis,
OR, US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory.
1989. EPA/600/3-89/077. PB90 117 003/AS. ERL-COR-569.
Lighthart, Bruce, and Jinwon Kim, "Simulation of airborne microbial droplet
transport." Journal of Applied Environmental Microbiology 55(9):2349-2355.
1989. ERL-COR-1003J. KEY WORDS:Airborne microbes, microbial aerosol, model.
Lighthart, Bruce, and A. J. Mohr, "Estimating downwind concentrations of viable
airborne microorganisms in dynamic atmospheric conditions." Applied and
Environmental Microbiology 53(7):1580-1583. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/458. PB89
134 639/AS. ERL-COR-643J.
Lighthart, Bruce, David Sewall, and David R. Thomas, "Effect of several stress
factors on the susceptibility of the predatory mite, Metaseiulus occidental is
Acari: Phytoseiidae, to the weak bacterial pathogen Serratia marcescens."
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 52:33-42. 1988. ERL-C0R-818J.
Linder, Greg, Janet Barbitta, and Ty Kwaiser, "Short-term Amphibian Toxicity Tests
and Paraquat Toxicity Assessment." Proceedings: ASTM Thirteenth Aquatic
Toxicology and Risk Assessment Symposium 1989 Apr, Atlanta, GA. 1989. L.
Kapustka, project officer. EPA/600/D-89/223. PB90 134 305/AS.
ERL-COR-1048D.
Linder, Greg, Michael Bollman, Wanda Baune, Kevin DeWhitt, Jennifer Miller, Julius
Nwosu, Sheila Smith, David Wilborn, Cathy Bartels, Joseph Green, and Lawrence
A. Kapustka, "Toxicity Evaluations for Hazardous Waste Sites: An Ecological
Assessment Perspective." Fifth Annual Waste Testing and Quality Assurance
Symposium 1989 July 24-28, Washington, DC. 1989. L. A. Kapustka, project
officer. EPA/600/D-89/220. PB90 134 271/AS. ERL-C0R-1037D.
Linder, Greg, Joseph Greene, Hilman Ratsch, Julius Nwosu, Sheila Smith, and David
Wilborn, "Seed Germination and Root Elongation Toxicity Tests in Hazardous
Waste Site Evaluation: Methods Development and Applications." First
Symposium on Use of Plants 1n Toxicity Assessment 1989, Apr 16-21, Atlanta,
GA. 1989. L. Kapustka, project officer. EPA/600/D-89/109. PB90 113
184/AS. ERL-C0R-1038D.
Lindow, S. E., G. R. Knudsen, R. J. Seidler, M. V. Walter, V. W. Lambou, P. S. Amy,
D. Schmedding, V. Prince, and S. Hern, "Aerial dispersal and epiphytic
survival of Pseudomonas syringae during a pretest for the release of
genetically engineered strains into the environment." Applied and
Environmental Microbiology 54(6):1557-1563. 1988. ERL-COR-846J.
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Lindstrom, F. T., D. E. Cawlfield, and L. Boersma, "CTSPAC: mathematical model for
coupled transport of water, solutes, and heat 1n the soil-plant-atmosphere
continuum: Vol. 1." Mathematical theory and transport conceptsl988.
EPA/600/3-88/030. PB88 238 316/AS. ERL-COR-505.
Link, S. 0., R. J. Fellows, D. A. Cataldo, J. G. Droppo, and P. Van Voris,
"Estimation of an aerial deposition and foliar uptake of xenobiotics:
assessment of current models." Corvallis, OR, Department of Energy, Pacific
Northwest Laboratories (PNL-6173) and U.S. EPA, Environmental Research
Laboratory. 1987. J. Mc Farlane, project officer. EPA/300/3-87/050.
ERL-COR-439.
Loftis, J. C., R. C. Ward, R. D. Phillips, and C. H. Taylor, "An Evaluation of
Trend Detection Techniques for Use in Water Qualtiy Monitoring Programs."
Corvallis, OR, US Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research
Laboratory. 1989. D. H. Landers, project officer. EPA/300/3-89/037. PB90
100 058. ERL-COR-548.
Maguire, Christine Chitko, and Bill A. Williams, "Cold stress and acute organo-
phosphorus exposure: interaction effects on juvenile northern bobwhite."
Arch. Environ. Contain. Toxicol 16:477-481. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/378. PB88
251 814/AS. ERL-COR-627J.
Maguire, Christine Chitko, and Bill A. Williams, "Response of thermal stressed
bobwhite to organophosphorus exposure." Environmental Pollution 47:25-39.
1987. EPA/600/J-87/470. PB89 197 750/AS. ERL-C0R-974J.
Marmorek, David R., D. P. Bernard, M. L. Jones, L. P. Rattie, and T. J. Sullivan,
"The effects of. mineral acid deposition on concentrations of dissolved
organic acids in surface waters." 1988. EPA/600/3-88/022. PB88 235 528/AS.
ERL-COR-500AP.
Marx, Donald, et al., "Southern forest atlas project—atmospheric deposition,
weather, soils, tree distribution, and pest-fire." Printed and distributed
by USDA FS. 1988. ERL-COR-920Atlas.
Mast, M. Alisa, and James I. Drever, "The effects of oxalate on the dissolution
rates of oligoclase and tremolite." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
51:2559-2568. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/462. PB89 134 787/AS. ERL-C0R-897J.
McCrady, Joel K., Craig McFarlane, and F. T. Lindstrom, "The transport and affinity
of substituted benzenes in soybean stems." Journal of Experimental Botany
38(196):1875-1890. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/491. PB90 108 879/AS. ERL-COR-710J.
McFarlane, Craig, "Research on Fate and Effects of Toxic Chemicals in Terrestrial
Plants at EPA Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory." Proceedings:
Human Exposure to Chemicals. 1988 Dec 12-13, Toronto, Canada. Institute for
Environmental Studies. 1989. ERL-C0R-998D.
McFarlane, Craig, "Uptake of organic contaminants by plants." Proceedings: EPA/
ORNL Workshop on risk assessment for municipal waste combustion: Deposition,
food chain impacts, uncertainty and research needs. 1989. ERL-C0R-1057D.
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McFarlane, Craig, Cynthia Nolt, Carlos Wickliff, Tom Pfleeger, Ray Shimabuku, and
Mike McDowell, "The uptake, distribution, and metabolism of four organic
chemicals by soybean plants and barlet roots." Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry 6:847-856. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/489. PB90 111 626/AS.
ERL-C0R-669J.
McFarlane, J. Craig, and Thomas Pfleeger, "Plant exposure chambers for study of
toxic chemical-piant interactions." Journal of Environmental Quality
16(4):361-371. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/459. PB89 134 753/AS. ERL-COR-725J.
McFarlane, 0. Craig, Thomas Pfleeger, and John Fletcher, "Transpiration effect on
the uptake and distribution of bromacil, nitrobenzene and phenol in soybean
plants." Journal of Environmental Quality 16(4):372-376. 1987.
ERL-COR-727J.
McLaughlin, S. B., D. J. Dowing, T. J. Biasing, B. L. Jackson, D. J. Pack, D. N.
Dirvick, L. K. Mann, and T. W. Doyle, "FORAST DATABASE DOCUMENTATION (Com-
puter Tape)1988. EPA/600/3-87/029b. PB88 223 631/AS. ERL-COR-380APb.
KEY WORDS: EPA/DF/MT-88/054.
McLaughlin, S. B., D. J. Dowing, T. J. Biasing, B. L. Jackson, D. J. Pack, D. N.
Dirvick, L. K. Mann, and T. W. Doyle, "FORAST DATABASE DOCUMENTATION." 1988.
EPA/600/3-87/029a. PB88 223 649/AS. ERL-COR-380APa. KEY WORDS: EPA/DF/MT-
88/054a.
Meehan, Rosa, and Jon R. Nickles, "Oil development in northern Alaska--a guide to
the effects of gravel placement on wetlands and waterbirds." 1988.
EPA/600/3-88/024. PB88 224 407/AS. ERL-COR-501.
Messer, J. J., C. W. Ariss, J. R. Baker, S. E. Drouse, K. N. Eshleman, A. J.
Kinney, W. S. Overton, M. J. Sale, and R. D. Schonbrod, "Stream chemistry
in the southern Blue Ridge: feasibility of a regional synpotic sampling
approach." Water Resources Bulletin 24(4):821-829. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/417.
PB90 108 309/AS. ERL-C0R-776JAP.
Miller, D. L., P. M. Leonard, R. M. Hughes, J. R. Karr, P. B. Moyle, L. H.
Schrader, B. A. Thompson, R. A. Daniels, K. D. Fausch, G. A. Fitzhugh, J.
R. Gammon, D. B. Halliwell, P. L. Angermeier, and D. J. Orth, "Regional
applications of an index of biotic integrity for use in water resource
management.n Fisheries 13(5):12-20. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/303. PB89 202
378/AS. ERL-C0R-827J.
Miller, J. E., A. S. Heagle, S. F. Vozzo, R. B. Philbeck, and W. W. Heck, "Effects
of ozone and water stress, separately and in combination, on soybean yield."
Journal of Environmental Quality 18:330-336. 1989. David T. Tingey, project
officer. EPA/600/J-89/118. PB90 106 303/AS. ERL-C0R-950J.
Miller, J., and B. Lighthart, "Interim Protocol for Testing the Effects of Micro-
bial Pathogens on Lepidopterans." Corvallis, OR, US Environmental Protection
Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. B. Lighthart, project
officer. EPA/600/3-89/069. PB89 233 456/AS. ERL-COR-563.
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Miller, J. E., R. P. Patterson, A. S. Heagle, W. A. Pursley, and W. W. Heck,
"Growth of cotton under chronic ozone stress at two levels of soil moisture."
Journal of Environmental Quality 17(4):635-643. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/305.
PB89 202 386/AS. ERL-C0R-903J.
Miller, S. L., D. M. Durall, and P. T. Rygiewicz, "Temporal allocation of 14C to
extramatrical hyphae of ectomycorrhizal Pondersona pine seedlings." Tree
Physiology 5:239-249. 1989. EPA/600/J-89/113. PB90 108 424/AS.
ERL-COR-931J.
Morita, R. Y., "Survival and Recovery of Microorganisms from Environmental
Samples." EPA Methods Manual on GEM Releases. 1989. R. Seidler, project
officer. EPA/600/D-89/199. PB90 132 945/AS. ERL-COR-975D.
Mortenson, D. C., "Geographic Information System Documentation of Watershed Data
for Direct/Delayed Response Project." 1989. M.R. Church, project officer.
EPA/600/3-89/001. PB89 222 483. ERl-COR-519.
Mortenson, D. C., "Geographic Information System Documentation of Watershed Data
for Direct/Delayed Response Project (Project Summary)." 1989. M.R. Church,
project officer. EPA/600/S-89/001. ERL-C0R-519S.
Mortenson, D. C., "Geographic Information System Documentation of Watershed Data
for Direct/Delayed Response Project -- Southern Blue Ridge Province
Database." 1989. M.R. Church, project officer. EPA/600/3-89/002. PB89
219 539. ERL-C0R-535.
Mortenson, D. C., "Geographic Information System Documentation of Watershed Data
for Direct/Delayed Response Project -- Southern Blue Ridge Province Database
(Project Summary)." 1989. M.R. Church, project officer. EPA/600/S-89/002.
ERL-COR-535S.
Muir, Patricia S., and Margi Bohm, "Cloud Chemistry and Occurrence in the Western
United States: A Synopsis of Current Information." Proceedings: APCA Annual
Meeting, 1989 Jun, Anaheim, CA. 1989. Roger Blair, project officer.
EPA/600/D-89/217. PB90 134 248/AS. ERL-C0R-1023D.
Murali, N. S., Alan H. Teramura, and Stephen K. Randall, "Response differences
between two soybean cultivars with contrasting UV-B radiation sensitivities."
Photochemistry and Photobiology 48(5):653-657. 1988. R. T. Lackey, project
officer. EPA/600/J-88/418. PB90 108 291/AS. ERL-COR-927J.
Murdoch, Peter S., "Chemical Budgets and Stream-Chemistry Dynamics of a Headwater
Stream in the Catskill Mountains of New York, October 1, 1983 through
September 30, 1985." Water Resources Investigations Report 88-4035:Albany,
NY, US Geological Survey. 1988. P. J. Wigington, project officer.
ERL-C0R-564.
Murphy, Thomas A., "Design and management of research projects." Proceedings:
U.S./Malayasian Seminar on R&D Managementl987. EPA/600/D-87/263. . PB88 106
380/AS (A02). ERL-COR-721D.
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Murphy, Thomas A., and Lawrence Kapustka, "Capabilities and Limitations of
Approaches to in situ Ecological Evaluation." Proceedings: First Symposium
of Biological Hazards of Environmental Pollutants. 1989. EPA/600/D-89/165.
PB90 116 625/AS. ERL-C0R-990D.
NAPAP Forest Response Program Ecological quality assurance workshop, 1988.
EPA/600/9-88/020. PB89 118 699/AS. ERL-COR-512.
Nebeker, A. V., G. S. Schuytema, W. L. Griffis, J. A. Barbitta, and L. A. Carey,
"Effect of sediment organic carbon on survival of Hyalella Azteca exposed
to DDT and ENDRIN." 8:705-718. 1989. EPA/600/J-89/117. PB90 106 311/AS.
ERL-C0R-925J.
Nebeker, Alan V., William L. Griffis, Claudia M. Wise, Elmina Hopkins, and Janet
A. Barbitta, "Survival, reproduction and bioconcentration in invertebrates
and fish exposed to hexachlorobenzene." Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry 8:601-611. 1989. ERL-C0R-839J.
Nebeker, Alan V., and Clifford E. Miller, "Use of the amphipod crustacean hyalella
azteca in freshwater and estuarine sediment toxicity tests." Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry 7:1027-1033. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/299. PB89 202
337/AS. ERL-C0R-799J.
Nebeker, Alan V., Samual T. Onjukka, and Michael A. Cairns, "Chronic effects of
contaminated sediment on Daphnia magna and Chironomus tentans." Bulletin
of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 41:574-581. 1988.
EPA/600/J-88/242. PB89 145 023/AS. ERL-C0R-582J.
Nebeker, Alan V., Gerald S. Schuytema, William L. Griffis, Janet A. Barbitta, and
Lori A. Carey, "Effect of sediment organic carbon on survival of Hyalella
Azteca exposed to DDT and Endrin." 8:705-718. 1989. ERL-COR-925J.
Neilson, Ron, George King, Robert DeVelice, James Lenihan, Danny Marks, Jayne
Dolph, Bill Campbell, and Gail Glick, "Sensitivities of Ecological Landscapes
and Regions to Global Climate Change." Corvallis, OR, US Environmental
Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. Peter A.
Beedlow, project officer. EPA/600/3-89/073. PB90 120 072/AS. ERL-COR-571.
Neufeld, H. S., D. M. Durall, P. M. Rich, and D. T. Tingey, "A rootbox for
quantitative observations on intact entire root systems." Plant and Soil
117:295-298. 1989. James McCarty, project officer. ERL-COR-954J. KEY
W0RDS:image processing, mini-rhizotron, mycorrhizae, Pinus elliottii, Pinus
ponderosa, rhizotron, root growth, ozone.
Newell, Avis D., "Predicting spring lake chemistry from fall samples." Proceed-
ings: The International Conference on Acid Rain 1987 1-3 Sept, Lisbon.
1987. EPA/600/D-87/265. PB88 106 356/AS (A02). ERL-COR-771DAP.
Nix, Joe F., K. W. Thornton, D. E. Ford, and J. Malcolm, "Storm event sampling of
two low alkalinity southwestern Arkansas streams ." Corvallis, OR, US EPA,
Environmental Research Laboratory. 1988. EPA/600/3-88/023. PB88 225
107/AS. ERL-C0R-499D.
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O'Brien, Arnold L., "Evaluating the cumulative effects of alteration on New England
wetlands." Environmental Management 12(5):627-636. 1988 Sept. E. M.
Preston, project officer. ERL-C0R-1082J.
Olem, Harvey, and Paul M. Berthouex, "Acidic deposition and cistern drinking water
supplies." Environmental Science and Technology 23(3):333-340. 1989. C.
Powers, project officer. EPA/600/J-89/104. PB90 108 275/AS.
ERL-C0R-753JAP.
Olson, Richard, (project manager) "Western conifers research cooperative 1987
Research Plan." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory.
1987. EPA/600/3-87/028. PB87 227 641 AS (A05). ERL-C0R-408AP.
Omernik, James M., "Ecoregions of the southeast states (Map)." Corvallis, OR, U.S.
EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1987. EPA/600/D-87/314.
ERL-C0R-796M.
Omernik, James J., "Ecoregions of the northeast states (Map)." Corvallis, OR, U.S.
EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1987. EPA/600/D-87/313.
ERL-C0R-794M.
Omernik, James, "Ecoregions of the conterminous United States." Annals of the
Association of American Geographers 77(1):118-125. 1987 Mar. ERL-C0R-578J.
Omernik, James M., and Alisa L. Gallant, "Defining Regions for Evajuating
Environmental Resources." Proceedings: International Conference on Global
Natural Resource Monitoring and Assessment 1989 Sept 24-29, Venice, Italy.
1989. EPA/600/D-89/265. PB90 132 416/AS. ERL-C0R-1077D.
Omernik, James M., and Alisa M. Gallant, "Ecoregions of the south central
states (w/Map)." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory.
1987. EPA/600/D-87/315. ERL-C0R-792M.
Omernik, James M., and Alisa M. Gallant, "Ecoregions of the west central
states (w/Map)." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory.
1987. EPA/600/D-87/317. ERL-C0R-793M.
Omernik, James M., and Alisa M. Gallant, "Ecoregions of the southwest states
(w/Map)." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1987.
EPA/600/D-87/316. ERL-C0R-795M.
Omernik, James M., and Alisa M. Gallant, "Ecoregions of the upper midwest states."
Corvallis, OR, US EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1988. EPA/600/
3-88/037. ERL-C0R-943MAP.
Omernik, James M., Christina M. Rohm, Sharon E. Clarke, and David P. Larsen,
"Summer total phosphorus in lakes: a map of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and
Michigan." Environmental Management 12(6):815-825. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/419.
PB90 108 283/AS. ERL-COR-851J.
Peterson, C. E., K. G. Mattson, and R. A. Mickler, "Seedling Response to Sulfur,
Nitrogen, and Associated Pollutants." Corvallis, OR, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. R. Blair,
project officer. ERL-COR-581.
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Peterson, Charles E., "Statistical Issues for Seedling Studies in Air Pollution
Research." Paper: 15th International Meeting for Specialists in Air
Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems: Air Pollution and Forest Decline:
pp. 496-498. 1988 Oct 2-8, Birmensdorf, Interlaken, Switzerland. 1988.
R. Blair, project officer. EPA/600/D-89/110. PB90 113 143/AS.
ERL-C0R-953D.
Peterson, S. A., J. C. Greene, W. E. Miller, and D. C. Wilborn, "Bio-activity
differences of water and sodium acetate eluate from municipal and industrial
wastes." Third Annual EPA Solid Haste Testing and Quality Assurance
Symposium, 1987 July 13-17. 1987. ERL-C0R-777D.
Phillips, Donald L., "Scope of Work - Effects of Global Climate Change on Agro-
ecosystems." Corvallis, OR, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environ-
mental Research Laboratory. 1989. EPA/600/3-89/076. PB90 120 023/AS.
ERL-COR-566.
Pollack, Alison K., and Jesse Ford, "The TIME Project: An Overview." Proceedings:
International Symposium on Design of Water Quality Information Systems 1989
Jun 6-9, Fort Collins, CO. 1989. EPA/600/D-89/248. PB90 129 313. ERL-COR-
1075D. KEY WORDS: TIME, EMAP.
Porter, P. M., W. L. Banwart, J. J. Hassett, and R. L. Finke, "Effects of simulated
acid rain on yield response of two soybean cultivars." Journal of Environ-
mental Quality 16(4):433-437. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/485. PB90 103 102/AS.
ERL-C0R-746JAP.
Preston, E. M., and B. L. Bedford, "Evaluating cumulative effects on wetland
functions: a conceptual overview and generic framework." Environmental
Management 12(5):565-584. 1988. ERL-C0R-861J.
Preston, Eric M., and Barbara L. Bedford, "Evaluating cumulative effects on wetland
functions: A conceptual overview and generic framework." Environmental
Management 12(5):565-583. 1988 Sept. E. M. Preston, project officer.
ERL-C0R-861J.
Preston, Eric M., and David T. Tingey, "The NCLAN program for crop loss assess-
ment." Assessment of Crop Loss from Air Pollutants 1988. EPA/600/J-88/420.
PB90 108 200/AS. ERL-C0R-855J.
Rafii, Fatemeh, and Don L. Crawford, "Transfer of conjugative plasmids and
mobilization of a nonconjugative plasmid between streptomyces strains on agar
and in soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54(6): 1334-1340. 1988.
EPA/600/J-88/422. PB90 108 184/AS. ERL-COR-882J.
Rappaport, L., "Rapid assays of plant responses to herbicide treatment." 1988.
36 pp. EPA 600/3-88/005. PB88 158 050. ERL-COR-257.
Ratsch, Hilman C., and Debra Johndro, "The influence of two culturing techniques
on toxicity of four chemicals in Arabidopsis." Environmental Monitoring and
Assessment 9:155-168. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/453. PB89 130 371/AS.
ERL-C0R-618J.
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Rawlings, J. 0., V. M. Lesser, A. S. Heagle, and W. W. Heck, "Alternative ozone
dose metrics to characterize ozone impact on crop yield loss." Journal of
Environmental Quality 17(2):285-291. 1988. ERL-COR-904J.
Reams, Gregory A., and Richard K. Olson, "Regional Growth Trends of Three Western
Conifers as Related to Ozone." 1989. EPA/600/D-89/214. PB90 134 214.
ERL-COR-1019D.
Reckhow, Kenneth H., "A comparison of robust Bayes and classical estimators for
regional lake models of fish response to acidification." Water Resources
Research 24(7):1061-1068. ERL-COR-791JAP.
Reckhow, Kenneth H., "Robust Bayes models of fish response to lake acidification."
Proceedings:IAWPRC International Symposium: Systems Analysis in Water
Quality Management. 1987. EPA/600/D-88/277. PB89 142 657/AS.
ERL-C0R-761JAP.
Reed, Margaret A., and Richard J. Stolzberg, "Direct determination of arsenite by
differential pulse polarography in the presence of lead(II) and thai 1 ium(I)."
Analytical Chemistry 59(3)1987. J. McCarty, project officer. ERL-COR-780J.
Riitters, Kurt H., "Process models for monitoring forest health." Proceedings:
IUFRO Forest Growth Modeling and Prediction Conference 1987 Aug 24-28,
Minneapolis, MN. 1987. Roger Blair, project officer. EPA/600/D-87/307.
PB88 113 675/AS (A02). ERL-C0R-797DAP.
Risser, Paul G., "General concepts for measuring cumulative impacts on wetland
ecosystems." Environmental Management 12(5):585-589. 1988 Sept. E.M.
Preston, project officer. ERL-C0R-862J.
Rochelle, Barry P., and M. Robbins Church, "Regional patterns of sulfur retention
in watersheds in the eastern U.S." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 36:61-73.
1987. M. R. Church, project officer. EPA/600/J-87/490. PB90 111 592/AS.
ERL-C0R-705JAP.
Rochelle, Barry P., M. Robbins Church, Warren A. Gebert, David J. Graczyk, and
William R. Krug, "Relationship Between Annual Runoff and Watershed Area for
the Eastern United States." Water Resources Bulletin 24(1):35-41. 1988 Feb.
M. R. Church, project officer. EPA/600/J-88/424. PB90 108 226/AS.
ERL-C0R-762JAP.
Rochelle, Barry P., M. Robbins Church, and Mark B. David, "Sulfur retention at
intensively studied sites in the U.S. and Canada." Water, Air, and Soil
Pollution 33:73-83. 1987 Mar. ERL-C0R-636JAP.
Rochelle, Barry P., Donald L., Jr. Stevens, and M. Robbins Church, "Uncertainty
analysis of runoff estimates from a runoff contour map." Water Resources
Bulletin 25(3):491-498. 1989 Jun. M. R. Church, project officer.
ERL-C0R-898J.
Rohm, Christina M., John W. Giese, and Charles C. Bennett, "Evaluation of an
aquatic ecoregion classification of streams in Arkansas." Journal of
Freshwater Ecology 4(1):127-140. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/168. PB88 158 845/AS.
ERL-C0R-708J.
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Rygiewicz, P. T., S. L. Miller, and D. M. Durall, "A root-mycocosm for growing
ectomycorrhizal hyphae apart from host roots while maintaining symbiotic
integrity." Plant and Soil 109:281-284. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/233. PB89 142
715/AS. ERL-COR-772J.
Schowalter, T. D., "Interim Protocol for Testing the Effects of Microbial Pathogens
on Litter Microarthropods." Corvallis, OR, US Environmental Protection
Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. Bruce Lighthart, project
officer. EPA/600/3-89/075. PB90 120 031/AS. ERL-COR-565.
Schroeder, Paul, and Ross Kiester, "National research on forest decline and air
pollution: The Forest Response Program." Journal of Forestry 87(1):27-32.
1989 Jan. R. Blair, project officer. ERL-COR-902J.
Schuytema, Gerald S., Daniel F. Krawczyk, William L. Griffis, Alan V. Nebeker,
Merline L. Robideaux, Bruce J. Brownawell, and John C. Westall, "Comparative
uptake of hexachlorobenzene by fathead minnows, amphipods and oligochaete
worms from water and sediment." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
7:1035-1045. 1988. ERL-C0R-829J.
Schuytema, Gerald S., Alan V. Nebeker, William L. Griffis, and Clifford E. Miller,
"Effects of freezing on toxicity of sediments contaminated with DDT and
endrin." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 8:883-891. 1989.
ERL-COR-960J. KEY WORDS: Hyalella azteca, toxicity, sediment, freezing,
storage, DDT, endrin.
Seidler, Ray 0., and Stephen Hern, "Special report: release of ice minus recom-
binant bacteria." 1988. EPA/600/3-88/060. PB89 138 465/AS. ERL-COR-473.
Sewall, David K., and Bruce Lighthart, "Standard practice for conducting fungal
pathogenicity tests on the predatory mite, Metaseiulus occidental is
(Arcarina: Phytoseiidae)." Corvallis, OR, U. S. EPA Environmental Research
Laboratory. 1988. EPA/600/3-89/046. PB89 198 295/AS. ERL-COR-525.
Shaffer, Paul W., and M. Robbins Church, "Terrestrial and in-lake contributions
to alkalinity budgets of drainage lakes: an assessment of regional differ-
ences." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46(2):509-515.
1989. M. Church, project officer. EPA/600/0-89/111. PB90 108 440/AS.
ERL-C0R-788JAP.
Shaffer, Paul W., Richard P. Hooper, K. N. Eshleman, and M. R. Church, "Watershed
versus in-lake alkalinity generation: a comparison of rates using input-
output studies." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 39:263-273. 1988.
EPA/600/J-88/402. PB90 100 637/AS. ERL-COR-760JAP.
Shirazi, Mostafa A., R. S. Bennett, and L. C. Lowrie, "An approach to environmental
risk assessment using avian toxicity tests." Archives of Environmental
Contamination and Toxicology 26:263-271. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/258. PB89
143 747/AS. ERL-COR-706J.
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Shirazi, Mostafa A., L. Boersma, and J. W. Hart, "A unifying quantitative analysis
on soil texture: improvement of precision and extension of scale." Soil
Science Society of America 52(1):181-190. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/081. PB88
249 875/AS. ERL-COR-670J.
Shirazi, Mostafa A., and LeVaughn Lowrie, "An approach for integration of toxi-
cological data." Special Technical Publication 971 1988American Society
for Testing and Materials. 1988. EPA/600/D-88/253. PB89 129 472/AS.
ERL-C0R-635D.
Shirazi, Mostafa A., and LeVaughn Lowrie, "Comparative toxicity based on similar
asymptotic endpoints." Archives of Environmental Contamination and
Toxicology 17:273-280. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/243. PB89 145 031/AS.
ERL-COR-726J.
Siegel, Donald I., "Evaluating cumulative effects of disturbance on the hydrologic
function of bogs, fens, and mires." Environmental Management 12(5):621-626.
1988 Sept. E. M. Preston, project officer. ERL-C0R-865J.
Skelly, John M., and et al.,(eds) "Diagnosing injury to eastern forest trees."
National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, Forest Response Program,
Vegetaton Survey Research Cooperative. U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Forest Service, and Pennsylvania State University, College of Agriculture,
University Park. 1987. R. Blair, project officer. ERL-C0R-435AP.
Spruill, S. E., V. M. Lesser, M. C. Somerville, and J. 0. Rawlings, "Methods used
for managing and analyzing the data stored in the NCLAN data library."
Environmental Pollution 53:462-465. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/274. PB89 197
719/AS. ERL-COR-947J.
Stakhiv, Eugene Z., "An evaluation paradigm for cumulative impact analysis."
Environmental Management 12(5):725-748. 1988 Sept. E. M. Preston, project
officer. ERL-C0R-874J.
Stotzky, G., "Influence of soil mineral colloids on metabolic processes, growth,
adhesion, and ecology of microbes and viruses." Soil Science Society of
America, Interactions of Soil Minerals with Natural Organics and Microbes
Spec. Publ. #171987. EPA/600/D-88/161. PB88 237 946/AS. ERL-C0R-899J.
Stotzky, G., M. A. Devanas, and L. R. Zeph, "Behavior of genetically engineered
microbes in natural environments and their potential use in IN SITU recla-
mation of contaminated sites." 1988. EPA/600/D-88/108. PB88 214 960/AS.
ERL-C0R-493.
Stotzky, G., M. Devanas, and L. Zeph, "Methods for Studying Bacterial Gene Transfer
in Soil by Conjugation and Transduction." CorvalUs, OR, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. R. J. Seidler,
project officer. EPA/600/3-89/042. PB89 195 044/AS. ERL-C0R-552.
Sullivan, T. J., C. T. Driscoll, S. A. Gherini, R. K. Munson, R. B. Cook, D. F.
Charles, and C. P. Yatsko, "Influence of aqueous aluminium and organic acids
on measurement of acid neutralizing capacity in surface waters." Nature
338(6214):408-410. 1989. D. H. Landers, project officer. EPA/600/J-89/110.
PB90 108 465/AS. ERL-C0R-936J.
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Sullivan, T. J., J. M. Eilers, M. R. Church, D. J. Blick, K. N. Eshleman, D. H.
Landers, and M. S. DeHaan, "Atmospheric wet sulphate deposition and lakewater
chemistry." Nature 331(6157):607-609. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/235. PB89 142
723/AS. ERL-C0R-7860AP.
Sullivan, Timothy J., Charles T. Driscoll, Joseph M. Eilers, and Dixon H. Landers,
"Evaluation of the role of sea salt Inputs In the long-term acidification
of coastal New England lakes." Environmental Science and Technology
22:185-190. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/234. PB89 144 679/AS. ERL-C0R-729JAP.
Temple, P. J., L. F. Benoit, R. W. Lennox, C. A. Reagan, and 0. C. Taylor,
"Combined effects of ozone and water stress on alfalfa growth and yield."
Journal of Environmental Quality 17(1):108-113. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/256.
PB89 144 976/AS. ERL-C0R-651J.
Temple, P. J., R. S. Kupper, R. L. Lennox, and K. Rohr, "Injury and yield responses
of differentially-irrigated cotton to ozone." Agronomy Journal 80:751-755.
1988. EPA/600/J-88/223. PB89 144 521/AS. ERL-C0R-821J.
Temple, P. J., R. S. Kupper, R. L. Lennox, and K. Rohr, "Physiological and growth
responses of differentially-irrigated cotton to ozone." Environmental
Pollution 53:255-263. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/222. PB89 144 513/AS.
ERL-C0R-822J.
Temple, Patrick J., and Larry F. Benoit, "Effects of ozone and water stress on
canopy temperature, water use, and water use efficiency of alfalfa."
Agronomy Journal 80:439-447. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/122. PB88 251 756/AS.
ERL-C0R-738J.
Temple, Patrick J., R. W. Lennox, Bytnerowicz A., and 0. C. Taylor, "Interactive
effects of simulated acidic fog and ozone on field-grown alfalfa." Environ-
mental Botany 27:409-417. 1987. D. T. Tingey, project officer. ERL-C0R-770J.
KEY WORDS:alfalfa, ozone, yield, interaction, stomatal conductance, photo-
synthesis, foliar injury, acid fog.
Teramura, A. H., and J. H. Sullivan, "Mechanisms of plant resistance to increased
solar ultraviolet-B radiation." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental
Research Laboratory. 1988. EPA 600/3-88/019. PB88-218 987/AS. ERL-COR-477.
Theiling, K. M., and B. A. Croft, "Pesticide side-effects on arthropod natural
enemies: a data base summary." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
21:191-218. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/421. PB90 108 192/AS. ERL-COR-958J.
Thornton, K., J. P. Baker, D. Marmorek, D. Bernard, M. L. Jones, P. J. McNamee,
C. Wedeles, and K. M. Eshleman, "Episodic Response Project Research Plan."
1988. EPA/600/3-88/059. PB89 138 861/AS. ERL-COR-470.
Thornton, Kent W., and Daniel H. McKenzie, "Scope and Assessment of Aquatic Effects
Due to Acidic Deposition." Air and Waste Management Association, Annual
Meeting 1989 Jun 25-30, Anaheim, CA. 1989. Daniel McKenzie, project
officer. EPA/600/D-89/218. PB90 134 255/AS. ERL-C0R-1024D.
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Tingey, D. T., R. Evans, E. H. Bates, and M. L. Gumpertz, "Isoprene emissions and
photosynthesis in three ferns: The influence of light and temperature."
Physologia Plantarum 69:609-616. 1987. EPA/600/J-87/463. PB89 144 380/AS.
ERL-C0R-659J.
Tingey, David, "Bioindicators in air pollution research -- applications and
constraints." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory.
1988.	EPA 600/D-88/116. PB88 214 770/AS. ERL-COR-487.
Tingey, David, William Hogsett, and E. Henry Lee, "Analysis of crop loss for
alternative ozone exposure Indices." 3rd US-Dutch International Symposium,
Atmospheric Ozone Research and Its Policy Implications. 1988 May 9-13, The
Netherlands, Elsevier Science Publ. 1988. EPA/600/D-88/118. PB88 214
788/AS. ERL-COR-494.
Tingey, David T., William E. Hogsett, and Sandra Henderson, "Definition of Adverse
Effects for the Purpose of Establishing Secondary National Ambient Air
Quality Standards." Annual Meeting Preprint: Air and Waste Management
Association, 1989 June, Anaheim, CA. AWMA. 1989. EPA/600/D-89/166. PB90
116 617/AS. ERL-C0R-1025D.
Tingey, David T., Thomas J. Moser, Dave F. Zirkle, and Michael D. Snow, "A plant
cultural system for monitoring evapo- transpiration and physiological
responses under field conditions." Proceedings of International Conference
Measurement of Soil and Plant Water Status 1987 July 6-10, Logan, UT. 1987.
EPA/600/D-87/264. PB88 106 349/AS (A02). ERL-C0R-766D.
Turner, David P., David T. Tingey, and William E. Hogsett, "Acid Fog Effects on
Conifer Seedlings." Proceedings:Air Pollution and Forest Decline 1988 Oct,
Inter!aken, Switzerland. 1989. James McCarty, project officer.
EPA/600/D-89/196. PB90 132 697. ERL-COR-952D.
United States Environmental Protection Agency, "Toxicity Bioassay and Eluate Heavy
Metals Analysis Results of the Bench Scale Stabilization Study of Soils from
the United Chrome Superfund NPL Site, Corvallis, OR." Corvallis, OR, U. S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989.
L. Kapustka, project officer. EPA/600/3-89/074. PB90 120 049. ERL-COR-562.
van der Valk, Arnold 6., (ed)Northern prairie wetland. Iowa State University Press.
1989.	ERL-COR-471.
\
\
Vong, R. J., B. H. Bailey, M. J. Markus, and V. A. Mohnen, "Meteorological Influ-
ences on Mountain Cloudwater Chemistry 1n the Eastern USA." Proceedings:
International Conference on Forest Decline Research: State of Knowledge and
Perspectives 1989 Oct 2-6, Friedrlchshafen, Federal Republic of Germany.
1989. EPA/600/D-89/263. PB90 132,432/AS. ERL-C0R-1079D. KEY WORDS: Acid
rain, cloud water chemistry, AN0VA.
Vong, Richard J., Steven Cline, and Greg Reams, "Regional Analysis of Wet Deposi-
tion for Effects Research." 1989. Roger Blair, project officer. EPA/600/
3-89/030. PB89 181 218/AS. ERL-C0R-547.
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Vozzo, S. F., J. E. Miller, A. S. Heagle, and W. A. Pursley, "Effects of ozone and
water stress on net photosynthetic rate of field grown soybean leaves."
Environmental Pollution 53:471-473. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/273. PB89 197
727/AS. ERL-C0R-946J.
Walker, D. A., P. J. Webber, E. F. Binnian, K. R. Everett, N. D. Lederer, E. A.
Nordstrand, and M. D. Walker, "Cumulative impacts of oil fields on northern
Alaskan landscapes." Science 238:757-761. 1987. ERL-C0R-858J.
Walter, M. V., K. Barbour, M. McDowell, and R. J. Seidler, "A method to evaluate
survival of genetically engineered bacteria in soil extracts." Current
Microbiology 15:193-197. 1987. ERL-C0R-697J.
Walter, M., A. Porteous, and R. Seidler, "Measuring genetic stability in bacteria
of potential use in genetic engineering." Applied and Environmental
Microbiology 53(1):105-109. 1987 Jan. ERL-COR-650J.
Walter, Michael V., Ramon J. Seidler, and John L. Armstrong, "Goals and Accom-
plishments of the Corvallis Risk Assessment Biotechnology Program."
Proceedings: Risk Assessment in Agricultural Biotechnology 1988 Jul 31-Aug
4, Davis, CA. University of California Press. 1989. Ramon Seidler, project
officer. EPA/600/D-89/200. PB90 131 087/AS. ERL-C0R-994D.
Warren-Hicks, William, Benjamin R. Parkhurst, and Jr Samuel S. Baker, "Ecological
Assessment of Hazardous Waste Sites: A Field and Laboratory Reference."
Corvallis, OR, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research
Laboratory. 1989. 301 pp. C. W. Hendricks, project officer.
EPA/600/3-89/013. PB89 205 967. ERL-C0R-539.
Watts, R. R., R. J. Drago, R. G. Merrill, R. W. Williams, E. Perry, and J. Lewtas,
"Wood smoke impacted air: mutagenicity and chemical analysis of ambient air
in a residential area of Juneau, Alaska." Journal of Air Pollution Control
Association 38(5):652-660. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/298. PB89 110 639.
ERL-C0R-781J.
Weiner, J. G., and J. M. Eilers, "Chemical and biological status of lakes and
streams in the upper midwest: assessment of acidic deposition effects." Lake
and Reservoir Management 3:365-378. 1987. EPA/600/D-88/271. PB89 132
716/AS. ERL-COR-751DAP.
Weller, Milton W., "Issues and approaches in assessing cumulative impacts on
waterbird habitat in wetlands." Environmental Management 12(5):695-701.
1988 Sept. E. M. Preston, project officer. ERL-C0R-871J.
Westall, John, Bruce Brownawell, Ronald Hilburn, and Gerald Schuytema, "The design
of laboratory systems for controlling the activity of moderately volatile
organic compounds: A design manual." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental
Research Laboratory. 1987. S. Peterson, project officer. EPA/600/3-87/030.
PB87 231 759/AS (A04). ERL-COR-428.
Whigham, Dennis F., Carin Chitterling, and Brian Palmer, "The impacts of freshwater
wetlands on water quality: a landscape perspective." Environmental
Management 12(5):663-671. 1988 Sept. E. M. Preston, project officer.
ERL-C0R-869J.
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Whiteley, Pam, and Tom M. Yuill, "Effects of Selenium on hallard Duck Reproduction
and Immune Function." Corvallis, OR, U. S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. Anne Fairbrother, project
officer. EPA/600/3-89/078. PB90 120 692/AS. ERL-COR-574.
Whittier, Thomas R., and Wayne Davis, "Report of the national workshop on instream
biological monitoring criteria." 1987 Dec 2-4, Lincolnwood, IL. 1988.
EPA/600/9-88/016. PB88 245 964. ERL-C0R-489D.
Whittier, Thomas R., Robert M. Hughes, and David P. Larsen, "Correspondence between
aquatic ecoregions and spatial patterns in stream ecosystems in Oregon."
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45(7):1264-1278. 1988.
D. Larsen, project officer. EPA/600/J-88/425. PB90 108 234/AS.
ERL-C0R-686J.
Whittier, Thomas R., and David P. Larsen, "The Ohio stream regionalization project:
a compendium of results." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research
Laboratory. 1987. EPA/600/3-87/025. ERL-COR-412.
Williams, 'Bill, Suzanne Marcy, and Sarah Gerould, (Workshop Co-Chairpersons)
"Workshop Summary Report: Water Quality Criteria to Protect Wildlife
Resources." Proceedings of workshop: Water Quality Criteria to Protect
Wildlife Resources 1988 Nov 1-3, Beaverton, OR. Kilkelly Environmental
Association. 1989. Bill Williams, project officer. EPA/600/3-89/067. PB89
220 016/AS. ERL-COR-560.
Winjum, Jack K., "U.S. Forests and Atmospheric Deposition." Proceedings: Second
US/USSR Symposium on Air Pollution Effects on Vegetation. 1989 Sept 13-14,
Corvallis, OR. Corvallis, OR, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. R. Blair, project officer.
EPA/600/D-89/197. PB90 132 978/AS. ERL-C0R-965D.
Winter, Thomas C., "A conceptual framework for assessing cumulative impacts on the
hydrology of non-tidal wetlands." Environmental Management 12(5):605-620.
1988 Sept. E. M. Preston, project officer. ERL-COR-864J.
Woodward, Daniel F., Elaine Snyder-Conn, Robert G. Riley, and Thomas G. Garland,
"Drilling fluids and the Arctic tundra of Alaska: assessing contamination
of wetlands habitat and the toxicity to aquatic invertebrates and fish."
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 17:683-697. 1988.
EPA/600/0-88/246. PB89 145 056/AS. ERL-C0R-848J.
Worrest, Robert C., "What are the effects of UV-B radiation on marine organisms?"
Corvallis, OR, US EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1988.
EPA/600/D-88/159. PB88 237 920/AS. ERL-C0R-497.
Worrest, Robert C., Hermann Gucinski, and John T. Hardy, "Potential Impact of
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion on Marine Ecosystems." Proceedings: Second
North Anmerican Conference on Preparing for Climatic Change, 1988 Dec 6-8,
Washington, DC. Washington, DC, The Climate Institute. 1989 June.
EPA/600/D-89/112. PB90 113 408/AS. ERL-C0R-1044D.
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Zedlar, Paul H., "The ecology of southern California vernal pools: a community
profile." Report 85(7.11), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1987. E.
Preston, project officer. EPA/600/3-87/036. PB87 215 497/AS. ERL-COR-426.
Zeph, L. R., M. A. Onaga, and 6. Stotzky, "Transduction of Escherichia coli by
bacteriophase PI in soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology
54(7):1731-1737. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/272. PB89 197 735/AS. ERL-C0R-911J.
Ziminski, Peter K., and Steven R. Hoi man, "Automated data acquisition and control
system bolsters EPA's air pollution research." Design and Manufacturing:
12-15. 1987 Mar. EPA/600/M-87/010. PB87 180 030/AS (A02). ERL-C0R-689J.
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