SEPA
Environmental Research Laboratory—Corvallis
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LABORATORY
CORVALLIS, OREGON 97333
FISCAL YEAR 1990
QUARTERLY
RESEARCH PROGRESS REPORT
January 1, 1990 - March 31, 1990

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This research progress report, covering the period January 1 through
March 31, 1990, summarizes the current status of all active projects
at the Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis.
If you have questions or would like more information, feel free to
contact either the manager listed at the end of each project descrip-
tion or the Laboratory Director. For those who use a commercial
line, dial (503) 757- and the 4-digit extension of the project
manager. The main telephone number of the laboratory complex is
(503) 757-4600.

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CONTENTS
Page
Air Pollution Effects
Air Toxics/Alternative Fuels Effects on Ecosystems 		1
Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forests 		3
Arctic Accumulation of Air Toxics 	 5
Water Quality
Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement 		7
Wetlands Research on Mitigation & Cumulative Effects of Loss 		9
Water Quality Criteria for Terrestrial Wildlife 		11
Non-Point Source Pollution 		13
Superfund/Hazardous Wastes
Enforcement and Other Technical Support 		15
Terrestrial Environment Assessments—Evaluation of Cover Crops ....	17
Plant Uptake, Translocation, and Metabolism of Hazardous Chemicals . .	19
Toxic Substances
Terrestrial Toxicology 		21
Bioenvironmental Aspects of Biotechnology 		23
Comparative Terrestrial Toxicology 		25
Risk Assessment Development 		27
Verified Hazard Assessment Using Microcosm and Field Sites 		29
Pesticides
Bioassay Development and Genetically Engineered Microbes (GEMs)
Studies of Crops	31
Methods Development and Effects Measurement 		33
Terrestrial Wildlife Population Toxicology 		35
Integrated Risk Assessment 		37
Acid Rain Effects
Critical Loads of Atmospheric Pollutant Deposition 		39
National Surface Water Survey 		41
Watershed Manipulation Project (WPM) 		43
Direct/Delayed Response of Watersheds	.-	45
Episodic Response Project 		47
Acid Rain Aquatic Effects	49
Extent and Magnitude of Recent Changes in Forest Condition 		51
Response of Forest Trees to Sulfur, Nitrogen, and
Associated Pollutants 		53
Projection Under Alternative Deposition Scenarios 		55
Contribution to 1990 NAPAP Assessment 		57
Stratospheric Ozone
Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Agroecosystems 		59
Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change
Climate-Biosphere Interactions 		61
Forest Effects and Carbon Sequestering 		63
Water Resources Effects of Global Climate Change 		65
Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change on Agroecosystems 		67
Biogenic Emissions of Radiatively Important Trace Gases 		69
Effects of Global Climate Change on Biodiversity 		71
Reforestation 		73
Interdisciplinary
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Wetlands ...	75
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Forests ....	77
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Agroecosystems	79
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Surface Waters	81
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Ecoindicators .	83
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Statistics
and Design	85
Publications List (Blue Pages) 		87

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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Air Pollution Effects
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Air Toxics/Alternative Fuels Effects on Ecosystems (01)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Provide a preliminary ecological risk assessment of airborne toxic chemicals
(air toxics/alternative fuels) that would: 1) identify/rank airborne
chemicals of greatest concern, 2) determine the most sensitive ecosystems,
and 3) identify areas where additional research is needed to assist in
regulatory decisions.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
Participated in two Alternative Fuels Workshops (Research Triangle Park,
NC; Jan. 4-5 and Mar. 13-14). The goal of the January workshop was the
development of a risk assessment framework for each alternative fuel. The
purpose of the March workshop was to prioritize research and allocate
resources among fuels.
Presented two papers titled, "An Evaluation of Various Alternative Ambient
Ozone Standards Based on Crop Loss Data" and "Efficacy of Ozone Exposure
Indices in the Standard Setting Process" at the International Specialty
Conference on Tropospheric Ozcne and the Environment sponsored by the Air
and Waste Management Association (Los Angeles, California; March 19-22,
1990).
Prepared a paper for the Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards (OAQPS)
titled "The Impact of Current Levels of Ozone on Crop Production." The
report contains spatial distribution maps in which National Crop Loss
Assessment Network (NCLAN) data were integrated with measured rural ambient
ozone concentrations and areas of major crop production to predict crop
losses from ozone.
Continued activities for the Air Pollution - Biodiversity workshop and book.
Incorporated the comments of the review scientists into the book outline.
FINDINGS:
Switching to an alternative fuel such as methanol may pose a threat to
terrestrial ecosystems through feedstock (e.g., coal, oil shale, natural
gas, biomass) production and vegetable exposures to various pollutants (e.g.,
formaldehyde, methanol, formic acid). Considerable information is available
in the literature concerning the ecological effects of feedstock production
on plant communities from previous mining, drilling and agricultural
experience. However, very little information is available on the potential
effects of alternative-fuel pollutants on plants. A few published papers
suggest that these pollutants may inhibit plant growth and development.
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However, research is needed to document concentrations that will impact
physiological processes at realistic exposure scenarios.
The SUM06 ozone exposure index which accumulates concentration and emphasizes
concentrations of 0.06 ppm or greater appears to be a more appropriate choice
for a secondary NAAQS for ozone than the current form of the standard. This
conclusion is based on analyses of the five year National Crop Loss
Assessment Network (NCLAN) data base in which biological relevance, crop
yield loss, exposure levels, reliability and ease of attainment were
evaluated.
PUBLICATIONS:
Cure, W.W., S.M. Nusser, and A.S. Heagle. 1988. Canopy reflectance of soybean
as affected by chronic doses of ozone in open-top field chambers.
Photoarammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 54:499-504.
Cure, W.W., R.B. Flagler, and A.S. Heagle. 1989. Correlations between canopy
reflectance and leaf temperature in irrigated and droughted soybeans.
Remote Sensing and Environment 29:273-280.
Edwards, G.J., and W.W. Cure. 1989. The use of a spectroradiometer to study
aerial photographs of ozone-treated soybeans. International Journal
of Remote Sensing 12:1913-1918.
Lesser, V.M., J.O. Rawlings, S.E. Spruill, and M.C. Somerville. 1990. Ozone
effects on agricultural crops: Statistical methodologies and estimated
dose-response relationships. Crop Science 30:148-155.
Rebbeck, J., U. Blum, and A.S. Heigle. 1988. Effects of ozone on the regrowth
and energy reserves of a ladino clover-tall fescue pasture. J. Add!ied
Ecology 25:659-681.
Somerville, M.C., K.A. Dassel, and J.O. Rawlings. 1990. Adequacy of
confidence intervals estimates of yield responses of ozone estimated
from NCLAN data using the Weibull response model. Croo Science (in
press).
Turner, D.P.,and D.T. Tingey. 1990. Foliar leaching and root uptake of Ca,
Hg and K in relation to acid fog effects on Douglas-fir. Mater, Air
and Soil Pollution 49:205-214.
PROJECT MANAGER: Grady E. Neely FTS 420-4684
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Air Pollution Effects
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forests (06)
OBJECTIVE(S):
(1)	Determine the response of commercially/ecologically important forest
tree species under a range of ozone scenarios for those forest types
most at risk to ozone.
(2)	Determine the relationship between components of ozone exposure (e.g.
concentration, frequency, duration and respite time) and tree response,
and once quantified, (a) develop realistic exposure-response functions
and (b) examine the biological relevance of alternative air quality
statistics that are meaningful in an air quality standards context.
i
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(3)	Predict the influence of various ozone air quality scenarios on
productivity and composition of forest trees over time and across
forest types.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
/
Assistant Administrator, Office of Air, was briefed on changing the form of
the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for ozone to a peak-
weighted cumulative index (Sum06) from the current 1-hr maximum. This index
(Sum06) has been shown to be the more appropriate index for protecting
vegetation (welfare).
Research staff have continued measurements and tissue preparations with the
in-house research projects addressing exposure-response functions for
northwestern tree species; exposure dynamic studies with ponderosa pine and
aspen; and physiological studies for parameterizing a process-level tree
growth model regarding gas exchange, carbon budget, and root architecture.
Research studies continued determining the cumulative impact of ozone on
photosynthesis in tree species (aspen and ponderosa pine), measuring recovery
times for stomatal behavior as a function of temporal aspects of ozone expo-
sure, and measuring root re-growth potential of tree seedlings following a
season of ozone exposure.
Research studies were conducted on root storage capacity and root regenera-
tion in ponderosa pine seedlings following a season of ozone exposure.
Ozone is causing significant changes in root starch and ability to regrow
following dormancy.
A working meeting between four Principle Investigators (P.I.s) from the
Northeastern and Southeastern exposure-response study sites, as well as the
P.I.s from ERL-Corvallis conducting the Northwestern species study was held
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and decisions on experimental design and exposure regimes to be used on the
sites were made. Design of root growth studies was agreed upon by all P.I.s.
Construction of exposure facilities, chambers, pipe pots, and exposure
control systems continued at the Northeastern and Southeastern exposure
sites. Propagation of Aspen clonal material was initiated.
FINDINGS:
An analysis was completed for the Assistant Administrator of Air and
Radiation examining the impact of tropospheric ozone on the ability of forest
trees to sequester atmospheric C02. The analysis, based on both empirical
forest stand models and long-term growth data, indicated that ozone could
reduce the effectiveness of forests to act as a sink for increasing fossil
fuel emissions. If current ozone levels were decreased by 10% there would
be a 2-3% increase in the proportion of current C02 emissions sequestered in
forests as stemwood. With each additional 10% reduction in ozone levels,
there would be an additional 2-3% increase in the proportion of emissions
sequestered in forests. These analyses indicate the importance of
considering other environmental or anthropogenic stresses in assessing the
effectiveness of forests to act as a sink for increasing fossil fuel
emissions and their role as a possible intermediate solution to moderating
global climate change.
PUBLICATIONS:
Turner, D.P. and D.T. Tingey. 1990. Foliar leaching and root uptake of Ca,
Mg and K in relation to acid fog effects on Douglas-fir. Water. Air.
v	and Soil Pollution 49:205-214.
Weber, J. and D. Gates. 1990. Effect of water stress on gas exchange in
Quercus rubra. Tree Physiology, (in press).
Lee, E.H., W.E. Hogsett and D.T. Tingey. 1990. Efficacy of ozone exposure
indices in the standard setting process. Air and Waste Management
Transactions, (in press).
Hogsett, W.E. and D.T. Tingey. 1990. Comparison of remote and near-urban
ozone exposure regimes on trees. Abstract. Proceedings of the
International Congress of Ecology, Yokohama Japan. August, 1990. (in
press).
PROJECT MANAGER: William E. Hogsett FTS 420-4632/4600
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Environmental Research Laboratory—Corvallis
Project Status Report--A1r Pollution Effects
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Arctic Accumulation of Air Toxics (07)
OBJECTIVE(S):
To determine the extent and magnitude of arctic contamination due to exotic
air toxics; to work with other arctic rim countries to design an
international sampling strategy to document geographical extent and pollution
concentrations of exotic air toxics (metals, organic contaminants,
radionuclides); and to develop an international data base.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Evidence for accumulation of exotic air toxics in the arctic and subarctic
environment: Ecological implications (05/91). On schedule.
ACTIVITIES:
This project began with an international workshop held in January in
Minneapolis, Minnesota, attended by a dozen North American experts involved
in arctic studies and air toxics research. The purpose of the workshop was
to share state-of-science information on arctic contamination and to interact
on design issues relevant to studying contamination of the arctic by long-
range transport of atmospheric pollutants. The discussion focused on
patterns of atmospheric circulation affecting the arctic and potential target
contaminants (metals, organics, radionuclides) found in arctic air, water,
ice, snow, lichens, mosses, peat cores, lake sediments, fish, and marine
mammals. It was clear from this meeting that concern about, this issue is
high in several arctic countries, including Canada, because significant
quantities of exotic contaminants appear to be bioaccumulating in both
terrestrial and aquatic food chains.
Began preparation of a working paper detailing the items brought up and
discussed at the workshop as well as incorporating other information in the
published literature regarding these topics. The working paper will be
reviewed by those attending the workshop and will form the foundation for
pursuing the design of this project. The second draft of this document was
delivered in late March with a final expected to be available in April 1990.
An oral presentation on the Project was made by Dr. Jesse Ford at the 19th
Arctic Workshop held in Boulder, Colorado, March 8-9. This meeting was
attended by international scientists involved in arctic research and provided
a good opportunity to learn of related efforts.
Dr. Ford also delivered an oral presentation regarding the Project at a
meeting in Anchorage, Alaska, in late March attended by other Alaskan arctic
and subarctic researchers.
Began preparations for summer field work in the form of determining equipment
and logistics needs, procuring sufficient laboratory space for sample storage
and preparation, and determining analytical requirements.
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A proposal by Dr. M.V. Santelmann to examine the feasibility of using moss
and lichens to monitor atmospheric deposition of trace metals in the arctic
and subarctic was received. This proposal is to analyze an existing data
base which was collected in the Canadian subarctic spanning several hundred
miles in an east-west direction.
Discussions were Initiated with Dr. Reginald Noble, of Bowling Green
University, Chairman and U.S. Project Officer of US/USSR Bilateral Agreement
Project 02.03-21, regarding a scientific exchange with Soviet lichenologist,
Dr. Uri Martin. It is anticipated that Dr. Noble and Dr. Martin will be able
to participate in summer field activities scheduled for July and early August
in the north slope region of Alaska. Discussions continue regarding the
exact logistics of this cooperative effort.
FINDINGS:
No major findings to report.
PUBLICATIONS:
None this reporting period.
PROJECT MANAGER: Dixon H. Landers FTS 420-4666
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Water Quality
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement (13)
OBJECTIVE(S):
To define ecological criteria for the sustainable functioning of constructed
wetlands in treating municipal wastewater, acid mine drainage, urban
stormwater, and nonpoint source pollution. Research objectives include (1)
characterization of mechanisms by which constructed wetlands immobilize or
transform nutrients, metals and toxics, (2) evaluation of the assimilative
capacity of constructed wetlands for pollutants in relation to loading rates,
(3) definition of the resistance and resilience of the biotic components of
constructed wetlands to damage from pollutants, (4) determination of rates
of uptake, transformation, and bioaccumulation of toxics by wetlands species,
and (5) definition of optimal spatial distributions of constructed wetlands
for efficient nonpoint source pollution prevention.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Research plan for five-year program on biological processes and effects of
constructed wetlands (9/90). On schedule.
ACTIVITIES:
A planning meeting was held at Region 4, Atlanta, to solicit input on
constructed wetlands research priorities from prospective clients. Besides
Region 4 staff, attendees came from Office of Water, ERL-Corvallis, ERL-
Duluth, TVA, and SCS.
The Atlanta meeting was followed up by a solicitation by mail of research
priorities from a wider group of scientists, and of additional comments from
Atlanta participants.
Project staff participated in a workshop on constructed wetlands research
needs, sponsored by the Oregon Graduate Institute.
The Scope of Work for the constructed wetlands project was revised and
circulated for comment.
Work was begun on a journal manuscript "Constructed and restored wetlands
for mitigation of agricultural nonpoint source pollution."
Planning was begun for a workshop on use of constructed and restored wetlands
for controlling agricultural nonpoint pollution.
A meeting was held with the Office of Municipal Pollution Control, and
potential cooperators were identified to develop a proposal for a database
on the performance of constructed wetlands in treating domestic wastewater.
Natural wetlands receiving wastewater will also be included in the database
which will be used to address questions such as assimilative capacity and
long-term trends in constructed wetlands performance.
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Constructed wetlands components were contributed to the ORD FY92 nonpoint
source pollution initiative, and the ORD FY92 agriculture initiative.
FINDINGS:
No major findings to report.
PUBLICATIONS:
None this reporting period.
PROJECT MANAGER: Eric M. Preston FTS 420-4666/4600
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Water Quality
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Wetlands Research on Mitigation and Cumulative Effects of Loss (14)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Implement research on cumulative impact assessment and mitigation to (1)
assess the effects of cumulative wetland losses on wetland functions in the
landscape; (2) improve methods of creating, restoring and enhancing wetlands
and wetland functions; (3) provide guidance for the design of effective
mitigation projects; (4) evaluate the feasibility of developing wetland
specific water quality criteria; and (5) provide information through the
publication of "Community Profiles" and other wetlands information.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Synopsis of methods for biomonitoring of inland wetlands (9/90). On
schedule.
Water quality trends analysis of selected Illinois rivers (9/90). On
schedule.
ACTIVITIES:
Databases of 404 permit information have been compiled to characterize
decisions that have been made regarding mitigation. The analysis of the
California database continued. Maps illustrating patterns in 404 permit
activities in Texas and Louisiana were completed. Preparation of a user's
manual documenting the 404 permit data management system was begun.
Pilot studies are evaluating the comparability of wetlands created as a
result of Section 404 permitting and natural wetlands. Quality assurance
reports for all field studies were completed. A summary report is being
prepared to document what was learned about the utility of various techniques
and setting data quality standards.
Development of the theoretical basis for and practical application of
cumulative impact assessment of wetland loss continues. Use of the Synoptic
Approach to develop state wetland water quality standards continues to be
explored, through pilot applications in Louisiana and Washington. An
empirical landscape analysis of the role of wetlands in landscape function
has begun. Initial data were received from the University of Illinois as
part of the cooperative study on water quality trends analysis of selected
Illinois rivers.
Technical Assistance and Technical Transfer were provided on a variety of
issues. An informal workshop was conducted for EPA Region 9 on the topic
of wetlands restoration in California. The Wetlands Research Program
provided peer review of the "Baker" wetland mitigation study for EPA Region
7. In addition, the Program reviewed draft national guidance documents for
developing state water quality standards for wetlands and draft national
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guidance documents describing the role of wetlands in nonpoint source
pollution control for EPA's Office of Wetlands Protection.
The results of an informal survey conducted to ascertain the Regions' wetland
research priorities were distributed to the Regions.
FINDINGS:
Preliminary findings show that bird and mammal activity at created wetlands
decreases as the amount of highway bordering them increases. In a study,
jointly funded with EPA Region I, five palustrine/emergent wetlands created
by the Connecticut Department of Transportation were monitored for two
growing seasons. Researchers at Connecticut College found that wetlands with
good wildlife habitat, when surrounded by highways, had less wildlife
activity than wetlands with low habitat values but less highway frontage.
The lowest wildlife use was recorded at a wetland with high vegetation
diversity and areas of open water but bordered on all sides by highways.
The highest wildlife use was discovered at a wetland with almost no
vegetation but far from any roads or highways. These findings highlight the
importance oV site selection when planning created wetlands to replace
wildlife habitat under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act.
Spatial analyses of digital habitat maps indicate that wetland loss in
Louisiana is not uniform, but is clustered into areas of high loss (hot
spots). Hot spots comprised 9-18% of the original land within three study
sites, yet contained 50-73% of interior wetland loss. Habitat type,
proximity to various features, and other tested factors could not account
for this pattern. The high loss rates within hot spots, compared to
background rates, suggest processes causing rapid change.
PUBLICATIONS:
Abbruzzese, B., S.G. Leibowitz, F.L. Morris, P.R. Adamus, C.B. Johnson, and
E.M. Preston. 1990. A synoptic approach to the assessment of
cumulative effects of wetland loss on landscape function.
Environmental Management, (submitted).
Leibowitz, S.G., and J.M. Hill. 1990. Landloss hot spots in coastal
Louisiana. Science, (submitted).
PROJECT MANAGER: Eric M. Preston FTS 420-4666/4600
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Water Quality
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Water Quality Criteria for Terrestrial Wildlife (17)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Provide EPA with information on the adequacy of existing water quality
criteria to protect terrestrial wildlife, and provide information to revise
criteria where these are inadequate.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Effects of selenium on waterfowl (04/90). Completed.
ACTIVITIES:
Cooperative efforts are continuing with ERL-Duluth and U.S. Fish and Wildlife
personnel to develop a computerized data base and models for predicting water
quality criteria values for terrestrial wildlife.
Construction of the new waterfowl exposure facility is continuing, with
completion and initiation of mallard duck and leopard frog model verification
tests scheduled for August 1990.
Tests on the chronic toxicity and bioconcentration of dieldrin with the
African clawed- frog (Xenopus) tadpoles are continuing as part of the effort
to determine the quality of water necessary for wildlife. Tests with native
species are in preparation. Analysis of data generated from frog and duck
dieldrin exposure tests is continuing.
FINDINGS:
Dimethyl formamide used as the pesticide carrier in aqueous toxicity
bioassays resulted in about a four-fold increase in sensitivity of Xenopus
tadpoles to dieldrin as compared to using an acetone carrier. This suggests
using caution in making comparisons between toxicity bioassay results unless
the specific carriers are known.
Completed 28-day bioconcentration tests resulted in bioconcentration factors
(BCF) of 340 for Xenopus tadpoles and 2,140 for 4-6-month-old juveniles.
While these factors are less than the range reported for freshwater fish
(2,400-62,000), they still suggest the potential for harmful bi©accumulation
by amphibians of contaminants 1n the environment.
Bioconcentration factors (lipid BCF) for young mallard ducks exposed to 118,
52, and 14 ug/1 dieldrin in water were 1094, 1329, and 1703, respectively,
indicating, as with the frogs, that significant tissue increases are
occurring that may be hazardous to the ducks themselves (e.g., mobilization
into egg lipid and into future young, rapid metabolism during migration) or
to their predators in the food chain such as falcons or man.
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PUBLICATIONS:
Schuytema, G.S., D.F. Krawczyk, W.L. Griffis, A.V. Nebeker, and M.L.
Robideaux. 1990. Hexachlorobenzene uptake by fathead minnows and
invertebrates in recirculating sediment/water systems. Arch. Environ.
Toxicol. Chem. 19:1-9.
Whitely, P. and T.M. Yuill. Effects of Selenium on Mallard duck reproduction
and immune function. Corvallis, OR, U.S. Environemtnal Protection
Agency, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. Anne Fairbrother,
project officer. EPA/600/3-89/078. PB90 120 692/AS. ERL-COR-574.
PROJECT MANAGER: Alan Nebeker FTS 420-4875
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Water Quality
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Non-Point Source Pollution (18)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Develop, evaluate, and demonstrate techniques and approaches to identify
and diagnose ecological impairment resulting from point and nonpoint source
pollution.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
ERL-C scientists, working in cooperation with other environmental research
laboratories, prepared a draft "Nonpoint Source Research Strategy" for the
Office of Technology Transfer and Regulatory Support (OTTRS).
Jim Omernik attended a Water Quality Management Workshop at Region 10
(Seattle), March 6-7 to give an invited presentation on an ecoregional
framework for assessing nonpoint source impacts on the biological quality
of surface waters. Region 10 was interested in providing funding to ERL-C
to work with one or more states to develop finer resolution subregions and
locate reference sites.
Development of biocriteria for'the Office of Water is being integrated into
the EMAP design project.
Jim Omernik and Glen Griffith provided technical support to scientists
involved in the Critical Loads Project (50). Maps of stream total nitrogen
and inorganic nitrogen in relation to nonpoint sources and a map of acid-
sensitive aquatic areas will be used in a Northeast case study.
FINDINGS:
No major findings to report.
PUBLICATIONS:
Omernik, J.M., C.M. Rohm, R.A. Lillie, and N. Nesner. The usefulness of
natural regions of lake management: a demonstration in northewestern
Wisconsin. Environmental Management, (submitted).
Oberdorff, T., R.M. Hughes, and R. Billard. Modification et utilization
d'un indice d'integrite biotique base sur la communaute piscicole afin
d'evaluer la qualite des rivieres du bassin de la Seine, France. Notes
of the French Academy of Science, (submitted).
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Oberdorff, T., and R.M. Hughes. Modification of an Index of biotic integrity
based on fish assemblages to characterize rivers of the Seine Basin,
France. Hydrobioloaia. (submitted).
PROJECT MANAGER: James M. Omernik FTS 420-4666
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Superfund/Hazardous Wastes
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Enforcement and Other Technical Support (22)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Provide Office of Waste Programs Enforcement, Office of Emergency and
Remedial Response, Regional Offices, Department of Justice, and state
governments with rapid technical expertise regarding biological assessment
of sites, and assemble and disseminate information regarding assessment
methods and findings via guidance documents (journal articles), workshops,
and seminars.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
Continued work with Region 8 personnel on the draft scope of work for the
Wetland and Plant Uptake components of the endangerment assessment of the
Milltown Reservoir Superfund site.
Participated in a review of the proposed remediation plans for the Koppers-
Galesburg site in Region 5.
Participated in the OPPE workshop on statistical issues related to Superfund
hazardous waste site characterization, February 21-22, 1990, Crystal City,
Virginia.
Began assembling expert comments to set performance criteria for bioassay
protocols to be incorporated into the contract laboratory program.
Participated in Region 9 workshop on ecological site assessment.
Initiated experiments to support interpretation of biological responses to
metal contamination in terrestrial and wetland habitats. Work includes
tests on bacteria, amphibians, and earthworms.
FINDINGS:
Dose responses to Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Al, and Se are being developed for each
metal for the Frog Embryo Teratogenicity Assay: Xenopus (FETAX). Median
effect concentrations for developmental stages of the embryos indicate that
the test will be useful as a screening tool for environmental samples. With
the possible exception of Se, the FETAX endpoints do not appear to
distinguish differences among the various metals. This suggests that the
test may provide insights regarding exposure to mixed metal samples.
Experiments are being conducted to evaluate the FETAX endpoints with defined
mixed wastes.
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Tests on bacteria responses to metals have been conducted on strains of the
symbiotic bacteria Rhizobium. an important component of many terrestrial
sites. A new method of detecting bacterial exposure to metals is emerging
from these experiments. Exposed strains produce melanin and we have
determined qualitatively that the quantity of melanin produced is related
to the dose of Cd, Pb, Cu, and other metals. This test is being evaluated
to determine if it can serve as a sensitive indicator of adverse impact on
the terrestrial nitrogen cycle.
PUBLICATIONS:
Submitted the following papers for inclusion in the Proceedings of the OPPE
Workshop on Superfund Hazardous Waste Site Characterization: Sampling and
Related Statistical Issues:
Kapustka, Larry. Biological Issues in Environmental Management: Quantifying
Effects of Chemicals.
Shirazi, Safa^. Ecological Assessment at Hazardous Waste Sites: Biological
Effects from Toxicity Tests.
Linder, Greg. Framework for Modeling Biological Responses to Complex
Chemical Mixtures.
PROJECT MANAGER: Larry Kapustka FTS 420-4606
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Superfund/Hazardous Wastes
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Terrestrial Environment Assessments—Evaluation of Cover Crops (24)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Evaluate the phytotoxicity, uptake, translocation, and metabolism properties
of selected cover crop species.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Report on the evaluation of selected plants as cover crops for hazardous
waste/Superfund sites (06/90). On schedule.
ACTIVITIES:
An additional four test chemicals, from the list of selected organic
chemicals, have been screened with four grass test species: 3,4-
Dichloroaniline, 2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile, 2,4-Dinitritoluene, and Thiourea.
Screening tests have been completed using barley as a test species for 18
selected organic chemicals.
Toxicity screening, using an aerated hydroponic solution dosed with test
chemical, continued with millet as a test species using the following test
chemicals: 1,3-Dinitrobenzene, Thiourea, and 4-Nitrophenol.
FINDINGS:
EC50s for root growth reduction were determined for the four additional
organic chemicals for each of the test species. The phytotoxicity rankings
of the 18 chemicals tested to date for root growth reduction are in good
agreement with the results of whole plant growth reduction screening tests
with barley.
PUBLICATIONS:
None this reporting period.
PROJECT MANAGER: Craig Mc Farlane FTS 420-4670
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Superfund/Hazardous Wastes
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Plant Uptake, Translocation, and Metabolism of Hazardous
Chemicals (25)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Evaluate the biological hazard associated with contaminated soils, water,
and sediments; and determine the bioavailability (uptake, translocation,
and metabolism] of hazardous chemicals in terrestrial plants.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Report on the uptake and distribution of 2,3,7,8-TCDD by plants (03/90).
Completed.
ACTIVITIES:
Conducting literature review on deposition of organic chemicals on plant
foliage.
FINDINGS:
The uptake and translocation of TCDD to the shoot tissue of both soybean
and corn is much lower than suggested in the literature. Our experimental
results suggest that the higher levels of TCDD found in plant foliage result
from volatilization of TCDD from soil and/or hydroponic solutions, and
reabsorption onto the plant foliage. Further research efforts on dioxins and
related compounds should focus on foliar deposition of airborne toxics.
PUBLICATIONS:
McCrady, J.K., C. Mc Farlane, and L. Gander. 1990. The transport and fate
of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in soybean and corn. Chemosphere. (submitted).
PROJECT MANAGER: Craig Mc Farlane FTS 420-4670
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Toxic Substances
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Terrestrial Toxicology (30)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Evaluate, improve, and validate bioassay methods to assess the effects of
toxic chemicals on plants and animals.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
A manuscript is in preparation on the influence of temporal feed avail-
ability on 'dietary discrimination in quail exposed to carbamate insecti-
cides.
Alternative techniques for analyzing data for avian reproduction studies
are being developed and tested. Many of the parameters measured in these
tests may have non-normally distributed data that violate the assumptions
of the parametric statistical tests used for analysis. Other techniques
that do not assume normally distributed data are being tested that could
help OPP improve data interpretation from avian reproduction tests.
Bobwhite quail and pheasants were fed dimethoate-treated feed for 5 days
and euthanized at selected intervals for up to a week to determine residue
concentrations in liver and kidney tissues. Brain and serum cholinesterase
activity also were measured. Six wild pheasants were harvested in December
and January from areas in Oregon where dimethoate was being applied; liver
and kidney tissues from these birds also were analyzed for residues.
FINDINGS:
The amount of time available for feeding each'day significantly affects the
ability of birds to detect and avoid insecticide contaminated food. As the
time available to feed decreases, birds become poorer at discriminating
between treated and untreated foods and toxicity increases. This work was
conducted to determine if gorge feeders that minimize the amount of time
feeding have a potentially greater risk of chemical poisoning than
continuous feeders.
Chemical analysis of tissues from wild pheasants and laboratory bobwhite
quail exposed to dimethoate has been completed. Gas chromatograms showed
an unidentifiable peak that is easily confused with dimethoate. However,
the peak was found in tissues from non-exposed quail and showed no dose-
response relationship to dimethoate treatment. Analysis of tissues from
laboratory-exposed pheasants is in progress. Identification of the unknown
peak by GC-mass spectrometry is also in progress. Dimethoate-treated quail
and pheasants had depressed brain and serum cholinesterase activity in an
expected dose-response fashion. Activity was not recoverable using the 2-
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PAM reactivation technique. This confirms that dimethoate is an exception
to the rule that cholinesterase depression due to organophosphate exposure
can be reactivated by 2-PAM treatment.
PUBLICATIONS:
None this reporting period.
PROJECT MANAGER: Richard S. Bennett FTS 420-4582
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Toxic Substances
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Bioenvironmental Aspects of Biotechnology (31)
0BJECT1VE(S):
Oevelop databases and a series of research-based protocols to provide
methods for evaluating risks from the release of genetically engineered
microbes (GEMs) into terrestrial environments.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Report on evaluation of selected biochemical and ecological methods to
assess effects of recombinant bacteria in terrestrial ecosystems (09/90).
On schedule.
ACTIVITIES:
Conducted several preliminary studies examining the respiration (C02
evolution) in static soil cultures amended with varying amounts of carbon
as glucose. In one of these studies, an automated respirometer designed
for small birds was assessed for its applicability to soil respiration. The
results of these studies will be used to develop an automated C02 system
designed specifically for soil analysis.
A second series of experiments was conducted to examine the lethality of
the 2,4-D metabolite, 2,4-DCP, to selected fungal isolates. Further work
is planned to determine possible effects of this GEM/herbicide on other
microbial species. Manuscripts detailing the 2,4-DCP experiments and the
ecological effects of the GEM Pseudomonas putida PP0301(pR0103) have been
written and are currently being reviewed.
A comprehensive research plan has been formulated to determine the ecologi-
cal effects of lignin peroxidase produced by the recombinant Streptomvces
1ividans TK23.1 in conjunction with the University of Idaho and Battel 1e
Pacific Northwest Laboratories. The plan is under review by the
respondents. Streptomvces cultures for this work are currently being
examined to ascertain their phenotypic expression.
A genetically altered strain of Klebsiella planticola capable of producing
ethanol under anaerobic conditions has been obtained from investigators in
Germany. Cultures of this organism have been tested for purity, and frozen
stock-cultures have been created. Further, expression of the plasmid-borne
antibiotic resistance markers and the presence of the plasmid have been
confirmed. The cultures have also been characterized using the API20E
analysis system. The lipopolysaccharide "fingerprint" of this organism is
currently being examined. The ability of these organisms to make ethanol
is currently being tested.
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FINDINGS:
The gene tagger tfdA monooxygenase assay system has been developed and used
with three species of Pseudomonads harboring the deregulated plasmid pROl03-
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 01C(pR0103), £. putida PP0301(pR0103), and £.
fluorescens VT21(pR0103) can be enumerated on plates, and'spectral assays
appear sensitive enough to detect > 1000 CFU/ml. This assay is now being
improved and will next be tested to enumerate these strains in environmental
samples (water, soil, and rhizosphere).
The catabolic activity of £. fluorescens VT21(pR0103) was demonstrated in
a microcosm study comparing the relief of phytotoxicity of phenoxyacetate
to radish seed germination. In a side-by-side comparison of the activity
of this strain with £. putida PP0301(pR0103), VT21(PR0103) performed equally
well in degrading the xenobiotic. VT21(PR0103) and VT21(pROl01) are now
being studied for their capacity to bioremediate 3-chlorobenzoate.
To date, neither media supplemented with carboxymethyl cellulose nor
Sigmacell Type 20 cellulose has proved adequate for detecting cellulose
degraders in soil. Work will concentrate on using solubolized cotton as a
source of cellulose.
Studies on the quantitative expression of gilE cloned onto different
constructs showed that 2,3-dioxygenase activity is dependent on cell density
and the phase of growth. It was also observed that the expression is strain
specific and the greatest activity occurred in the merodiploid cells. The
limit of detection for the catechol 2,3-dioxygenase assay svstem was 108
cells/ml spectrophotometrically. However, as few as 10 merodiploid
cells/ml were detected by HPLC. Although the assay has limitations for
spectral assay, it is useful for plate assays and highly sensitive for
detection of merodiploid x^lE activity by HPLC analysis.
PUBLICATIONS:
Armstrong, J.L., N.D. Wood, and L.A. Porteous. 1990. Transconjugation
between bacteria in the digestive tract of the cutworm Peridroma
saucia. Add!. Environ. Microbiol. (in press).
Fredrickson, J., S.A. Bentjen, H. Bolton, S.I. Li, and P. Van Voris. 1989.
Fate of Tn5 mutants of root growth-inhibiting Pseudomonas sp. in
intact soil core microcosms. Can. J. Microbiol. 35:867-873.
Rhodes, A.N., and C.W. Hendricks. 1990. A continuous-flow method for
measuring effects of chemicals on soil nitrification. lex. Assess.
5:77-89.
PROJECT MANAGER: Ramon J. Seidler FTS 420-4661
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Toxic Substances
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Comparative Terrestrial Toxicology (34)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Determine when data from surrogate species can be used to extrapolate
toxicologic effects to other species.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
A planned definitive study to follow-up last years pilot study of immune
function and growth of avocets and stilts collected from Kesterson
Reservoir, California was delayed until Spring 1991 due to delay in funding
from the State of California to the US Fish and Wildlife Service,
cooperators on the study.
Investigations are continuing on effects of glucocorticoid on natural killer
cell activity in the mallard. Refinements were made to the in vitro NK
activity assay to increase its sensitivity. Mallards are being treated with
dexamethasone for 4 weeks and NK activity measured weekly. After 2 weeks
of DEX exposure, birds will be inoculated with Mycobacterium bovis
(tuberculosis bacterium) to stimulate NK activity and will be challenged
with purified protein derivative of the bacterium 2 weeks later to measure
nonspecific inflammatory responses. The lymphocyte migration inhibition
assay also was refined and will be conducted weekly as an in vitro measure
of lymphocyte and lymphokine function.
A study on comparative immunology of several species of birds has begun.
Emphasis will be placed on the starling as a follow-up study of immune
function of starlings at a hazardous waste site is planned for next year.
Work has begun on adapting several immune function assays to the starling.
Testing applicability of the assays to mallards, chickens, Canada geese,
avocets, stilts, teal, and penguins is planned.
FINDINGS:
The Natural Killer (NK) cell assay for mallards is now being conducted at
41 C (avian body temperature) rather than at 37 C (mammalian body temper-
ature). The higher incubation temperature increased activity two-fold (from
8% to 15). Human interleukin-2 was added to assay media in an attempt to
stimulate NK cell activity but had no effect at incubation times of 1 to 24
hours. Mallard NK activity decreases to zero within 5 hours after
withdrawing the blood sample. The lymphocyte migration inhibition (LMI)
assay was conducted using phytohemagglutinin as the in vitro antigen. The
assay was sensitive to in vitro exposure of the cells to dexamethasone when
PHA was used in concentrations of <10 ug/ml.
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The following assays are being tested in starlings and other avian species:
total and differential white blood cell counts, LMI, macrophage phagocytosis
of plastic beads, lymphocyte blastogenesis, and In vitro sheep red blood
cell plaque forming assay (Mishell-Putton assay). Additionally, work is
being done to determine if these assays will produce verifiable results on
blood samples processed 24 hours after collection (i.e., shipped to
laboratory from field collection sites). Cell viability has been tested and
found to be good if whole blood is collected in heparin and stored at 4 C
overnight.
PUBLICATIONS:
Fairbrother, A., M.A. Craig, K. Walker, and D. O'Loughlin. 1990. Changes
in mallard (Anas Dlatvrhvnchosl serum chemistry due to age, sex, and
reproductive condition. J. Wild!. Pis. 26(1):67-77.
Fairbrother, A., and D. O'Loughlin. 1990. Differential white blood cell
values of the mallard (Anas platvrhvnchos) across different ages and
reproductive states. J. Mild!. Pis. 26(1):78-82.
Fairbrother, A., B. Harden, J.K. Bennett, and M.J. Hooper. Methods used in
determination of cholinesterase activity. Jn: Cholinesterase-
inhibiting insecticides: Impacts on wildlife and the environment.
Chemicals Id Agriculture series, Elsevier Publ. (submitted).
Rattner, B., and A. Fairbrother. Biological variability and the influence
of stress on cholinesterase activity. In: Choi inesterase-inhibiting
insecticides: Impacts on wildlife and the environment. Chemicals in
Agriculture series, Elsevier Publ. (submitted).
(
PROJECT MANAGER: Anne Fairbrother FTS 420-4716
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Toxic Substances
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Risk Assessment Development (41)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Improve risk methods for evaluating toxic chemicals in soi1/pi ant
communities and provide a mathematical model that allows prediction of
effects, uptake, and fate of xenobiotic chemicals in terrestrial plants.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
Another new technique to improve DNA sequencing in fungi is being evaluated
at ERL-C.
FINDINGS:
Readable sequences of longer length, produced in shorter amounts of time,
are possible with this recently marketed method, Polymerase Chain Reaction
(PCR).
PUBLICATIONS:
Rygiewicz, P.T., and J.L. Armstrong. Ectomycorrhizal DNA: Isolation, RFPs,
and probe hybridization. In: Experiments with Mycorrhizae. A. Varma
et al. (eds.). Academic Press, United Kingdom, (submitted).
PROJECT MANAGER: Larry Kapustka FTS 420-4606
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Toxic Substances
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Verified Hazard Assessment Using Microcosms and Field Sites (42)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Develop a laboratory microcosm that will provide sensitive measures of
effects of xenobiotics on terrestrial wildlife and compare the results to
similar measurements taken under field conditions.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
Development of the laboratory microcosm (respirometer) designed to measure
metabolic rates of small birds under various environmental conditions has
been completed. A trial run was conducted using bobwhite quail implanted
with continuous-release osmotic pumps containing dinitrophenol (DNP), a
known uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation (i.e., increases metabolic
rates). Birds were maintained for 3 weeks under normal laboratory
conditions (25 C, 50% RH, 12L:12D).
FINDINGS:
The respirometer functioned as expected. However, no change in metabolic
rate was detected following DNP exposure due to leakage of the chemical from
the osmotic pumps. Additionally, two out of five birds died postoperatively
due to anesthetic overdose during pump implantation. Pumps have now been
modified to correct the leakage problem and a precision-flow anesthetic
machine has been acquired and adapted for use with the quail.
PUBLICATIONS:
None this reporting period.
PROJECT MANAGER: Anne Fairbrother FTS 420-4716
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Pesticides
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Bioassay Development and Genetically Engineered Microbes (GEMs)
Studies on Crops (36)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Develop rationales and procedures for evaluating survival, reproduction,
potential for genetic exchange, fate, effects, and risks associated with
release of genetically engineered biological control agents (BCAs).
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Calibration of Microcosms, Greenhouse, and Field Studies for Survival
(9/90). On schedule.
ACTIVITIES:
Environment Canada has provided funding to ERL-Corvallis to field validate
our current version of the microbial aerosol dispersion computer model.
We are comparing the sampling efficiencies of all-glass-impingers (AGIs),
Andersen samplers, and gravity settling plates (GSPs) in detecting the
number of bacteria entrained from leaf surfaces. A sampling method has been
designed and tested to measure the numbers and distances of bacteria
entrained from leaf surfaces. The system was tested using spores of
Bacillus subtil is. and vegetative Pseudomonas svrinqae. Experiments to
measure the dilution vs. die-tfff of bacteria entrained from leaf surfaces
have been conducted.
Prepared and delivered, in draft form, results of an experiment entitled
"Preliminary Evaluation of the All-Glass Impinger (AGI-30) for Large Aerosol
Droplet Sampling" to Linda Stetzenbach, EMSL-Las Vegas, for a potential
collaborative effort to determine the efficiency of aerosol samplers.
Tested a model of viable droplets most likely to remain airborne. An
abstract has been accepted for a poster presentation at the annual meeting
of the American Association of Aerosol Research (AAAR), June 18-22, 1990,
Philadelphia, PA. Title: "Experimental and Theoretical Evaluations of the
Particle Size Distribution of Bioaerosols."
Work continued on the design and construction of a chamber for the resus-
pension of bacteria from plant surfaces. An abstract has been accepted for
a poster presentation at the annual meeting of the AAAR, 1990. Title: "A
Dynamic Wind Puff Simulator for Resuspending Microbes From Plant Surfaces."
Submitted abstract for presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American
Society for Microbiology in Anaheim, CA, May 1990. Title: "Effects of
Betaine on the Colony-Forming Abilities of Airborne Bacteria."
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Submitted abstract for presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American
Association for Aerosol Research in Philadelphia, PA, June 1990. Title:
"Increasing Collection Efficiency of Bioaerosols."
Conducted a literature search for a proposed review on the effects of
aerosol-induced stress in bacteria.
FINDINGS:
Ninety-four percent of the variation of laboratory measurements of airborne
bacterial death rates can be accounted for by the variables: aerosol age,
gram reaction, temperature, evaporation, light, and gaseous composition of
the suspending atmosphere.
AGIs detected the highest numbers of entrained bacteria on the day plants
were inoculated, at all distances tested. Andersen samplers and GSPs
demonstrated comparable counts. The variability observed for counts from
each sampler was highest for AGIs; the two other samplers showed comparable
variability. On days following inoculation, all three samplers detected
comparable numbers of entrained bacteria.
Experiments indicate that vegetative bacterial cells entrained from leaf
surfaces are detectable up to 3 m from plants. The number of bacteria
entrained decreases radically from 10z to 103 total cfu detected on the day
of inoculation to 101 detected on days 3 and 5 after plants are inoculated.
PUBLICATIONS:
Lighthart, B. 1990. A statistical model of laboratory death rate
measurements for airborne bacteria. Aerobioloqia (submitted).
Marthi, B., and B. Lighthart. Effects of betaine on the enumeration of
airborne bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology fin press).
Marthi, B., V. Prince, M. Walter, and R. Seidler. 1990. The survival of
bacteria during aerosolization. Add!ied and Environmental Micro-
biology (submitted).
PROJECT MANAGER: Ramon J. Seidler FTS 420-4661
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Pesticides
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Methods Development and Effects Measurement (38)
OBOECTIVE(S):
Develop guidelines and test methods for evaluation of the effects of
microbiological pest control agents (MPCAs) on nontarget, beneficial
terrestrial species.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Lab test methods of exposure by oral and intravenous routes to non-target
avian species (1/90). Completed.
Lab test mpthods for exposure by respiratory routes to non-target avian
species (6/90). On schedule.
Synthesis report on test methods for BCAs to avians (7/90). On schedule.
Lab validated protocols for parasitic Hymenopteran (fungi) and predaceous
Coleopteran (bacteria) (8/90). On schedule.
ACTIVITIES:
Work is continuing on development of guidelines for respiratory exposure of
bobwhite quail to MPCAs. Cultures of Autoorapha californica nuclear
polyhedrosis virus have been prepared and checked for viability under test
conditions. Ten-day-old quail will be exposed to the virus in a head-only
aerosol exposure chamber or by intratracheal instillation within the next
two weeks. Whole body, air sac, nasal, and intratracheal swabs and lung,
syrinx, and cranionasal tissue will be assayed for the presenc'e of viable
virus. Results will be compared to previous studies with Escherichia coli
bacterium and inert fluorescent-tagged plastic beads.
Development of an ELISA test to detect antibodies to Bacillus thurinqiensis
var. israeliensis (BTi) in ducks is continuing on schedule by cooperators
at Oregon State University. Primary and secondary antibodies and antigen
are being purified using gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography.
We are developing a sensitive lab test for determining the effect of MPCAs
on the nontarget, beneficial beetle Hippodamia converqens (the convergent
ladybeetle). Laboratory assays were initiated to determine whether certain
environmental stresses that increase insect susceptibility (i.e., reduced
nutrition and high temperatures) interact to further reduce resistance. The
opportunistic entomopathogen Pseudomonas fluorescens is being used as the
test pathogen.
Experiments have begun to determine if heat shock proteins are produced by
insects that have been stressed. Tricoolusia in (cabbage loopers) larvae
are being used.
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Work is progressing on the culture of the beneficial fly Voria rural is
(Tachinidae), a parasitoid of caterpillar larvae. This insect will be used
to develop protocols for testing the effect of MPCAs on non-target,
beneficial flies.
Guidelines for protocols to determine pathogenicity of MPCAs in nontarget
birds exposed either intravenously or orally have been completed and
submitted to OPP for review.
FINDINGS:
Purification of duck IgG to BTi has been completed. Rabbit anti-duck IgG
conjugate is being purchased commercially but will be purified in-house in
the near future. BTi antigen purification by precipitate and gel and ion
exchange chromatography produced highly pure antigen but with a very low
yield. An alternative method of precipitation with ammonium sulfate
followed by a sodium bromide gradient shows promise for producing higher
yields.
Pre-exposure "conditioning with 24 hr temperature treatment of either 5° or
30° was found to decrease T. pretiosum susceptibility. However, the effect
appears to be very ephemeral as it was observed only at 48 hours and at a
single concentration.
The combined stresses of 24 hours of starvation (water available) and 18
hours of 10 C above the rearing temperature causes nearly 40% mortality in
first instar £. converqens larvae, before exposure to a pathogen. To reduce
the mortality, a lower temperature will be used as a heat shock.
PUBLICATIONS:
Fairbrother, A., and P.S. Buchholz. 1990. Laboratory Test Methods of
Exposure by Oral and Intravenous Routes of Microbial Pest Control
Agents to Nontarget Avian Species. EPA/600/3-90/002. ERL-COR-595.
PROJECT MANAGER: Ramon J. Seidler FTS 420-4661
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Environmental Research Laboratory—Corvallis
Project Status Report—Pesticides
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Terrestrial Wildlife Population Toxicology (39)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Develop and evaluate techniques for estimating risk of pesticides to field
populations of wildlife.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Effects of chemicals on nesting success and nest abandonment in the field
(09/90). On schedule..
ACTIVITIES:
A report on the suitability of wild passerines (songbirds) for toxicological
field studies is in preparation. Several criteria are being evaluated to
provide guidance on which bird species may be most suited for field studies.
A manuscript on the differential response of plasma cholinesterases to
dietary exposure to methyl parathion is in review.
A manuscript on the effects of organophosphate exposure on the relationship
between nesting behavior and reproductive hormones in incubating mallards
is in preparation.
Data are being analyzed from a field study investigating differences in
growth and survival between red-winged blackbird and starling nestlings
exposed to organophosphorus insecticides.
A study of the effects of synthetic pyrethroid insecticides on mallard
reproduction was started. This study is part of a larger effort to develop
alternative methods for evaluating avian reproduction effects.
FINDINGS:
Plasma cholinesterase (ChE) is often used as a biomarker of exposure to
organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. In bird species, plasma ChE
is a combination of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase
(BChE) in varying proportions, but each has variable binding affinities to
insecticides. A study of the effects of methyl parathion on bobwhite quail
ChE activity and feeding rates found that plasma AChE activity was depressed
within minutes, whereas BChE was not depressed until 90 minutes after
exposure. Since bobwhite have about 85% BChE and 15% AChE activity in
plasma, the significant reduction in AChE activity after methyl parathion
exposure would not have been detected unless ChE separation techniques were
employed. ChE separation is not a commonly used technique at present.
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PUBLICATIONS:
Bennett, R.S., B.A. Williams, D.W. Schmedding, and J.K. Bennett. Effei
of dietary exposure to methyl parathion on egg laying and incubat
in mallards. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. (in press).
PROJECT MANAGER: Richard S. Bennett FTS 420-4582
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Pesticides
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Integrated Risk Assessment (40)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Develop environmental risk assessment methodology using modified, existing
or newly developed fate, transport, and effects models to express risk as
a probability statement with estimates of associated uncertainty.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Report on importance of uptake of two pesticides with different absorptive
properties (3/91). On schedule.
ACTIVITIES:
Investigators at Colorado State University and Virginia Polytechnic
Institute, through cooperative agreement with ERL-C, are continuing with
development of a model to assess the direct and indirect effects of
xenobiotic chemicals on the shortgrass prairie small mammal community.
Completion of interpretation of aerial photographs of shortgrass prairie
communities has been put on hold pending additional funding.
A thesis report by P.D. Stevens and L. McEwen, "Acute toxicity and
inhibition of Choiinesterase activity in small mammals following exposure
to Methamidophos," Department' of Fishery and Wildlife Biology, Colorado
State University, has been completed.
FINDINGS:
No major findings to report.
PUBLICATIONS:
None this reporting period.
PROJECT MANAGER: Bill A. Williams FTS 420-4679
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Acid Rain Effects
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Critical Loads of Atmospheric Pollutant Deposition (50)
OBJECTIVE(S):
To identify the potentially harmful ecological effects, especially in
surface waters, soils and forests of elevated concentrations of nitrogen in
deposition.
To determine if any ecosystems within selected regions of the United States
are currently experiencing harmful effects from nitrogen deposition.
If harmful effects can be demonstrated in surface waters, soils, or forests,
then determine the critical load for nitrogen deposition, i.e., the load
below which no harmful effects are manifested, for those ecosystems.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
A research planning workshop was held 24-26, January in Dallas, TX. The
purpose was to develop a strategy by which the U.S. would address its
critical loads mapping commitments to the United Nations Economic Commission
for Europe' (UN ECE) Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution
(LRTAP). During the meeting, however, it was learned that funding was in
question. Specific plans and Action items were delayed until late March.
Draft Action Plans are being developed to serve as the basis for discussion
and planning at a March 28-30 meeting to be held in Chicago, IL. The
meeting will include participants from OEPER headquarters, ERL-C, Oak Ridge
National Lab (ORNL), Environmental and Social Systems Ltd., the Adirondack
Lake Survey Corporation, U.S.D.A. Forest Service, and the Canadian Ministry
of the Environment.
A weekly conference call schedule has been established to coordinate the
ongoing mapping activities of ERL-C and ORNL. The maps requested by the UN
ECE for delivery in July of FY 90, and the U.S. Critical Loads Team group
producing each map are listed in Table 1 below.
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TABLE 1. Mapping activities and responsibilities for Critical Loads Project.
Waters Waters	Crops
Responsibility Deps'n. Soils*	Acid+	Eutro.++ 03,N03,S0X
ERL-C		 	 All** All	Receptor
ORNL	All	All		 		Crit. Level
Curr. Status
Exceedance
Maps
* Maps representing the role of sulfur and nitrogen deposition in creating
acidic and/or eutrophic soils.
+ Maps representing the role of sulfur and nitrogen deposition on surface
water acidity.
++ Maps will represent the role of nitrogen deposition in eutrophication of
surface waters.
.** Includes: receptor, critical load, current status, and exceedance maps.
FINDINGS:
No major findings to report.
PUBLICATIONS:
None this reporting period.
PROJECT MANAGER: Robert T. Lackey FTS 420-4601
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Acid Rain Effects
March 31, 1990
TITLE: National Surface Water Survey (51)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Characterize the chemistry of acidic and low alkalinity lakes and streams
in sensitive regions of the U.S. and determine their extent, geographic
distribution, and probable sources of acidity. Determine normal seasonal
variability in surface water chemistry. Determine the relationship between
key biological resources and the chemical characteristics of lakes and
streams. Classify lakes and streams to identify representative systems for
more in-depth study.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
The enhanced and validated data sets from Phase II of the Eastern Lake
Survey have been finalized and are ready for data analysis.
Two manuscripts based on the major findings from the National Stream Survey
have been completed (Stream Chemistry in the Eastern United States: 1.
Synoptic Survey Design and Regional Chemical Patterns and 2. Current Sources
of Acidity in Acidic and Low ANC Streams) and will be submitted to Water
Resources Research after lab clearance.
The National Stream Survey Database Guide has been completed and is
currently undergoing lab clearance. Final updates to the data base from
the National Stream Survey have been completed and it is now available for
public release.
FINDINGS:
No major findings to report.
PUBLICATIONS:
Herlihy, A.T., P.R. Kaufmann, M.E. Mitch, and D.D. Brown. Regional
Estimates of Acid Mine Drainage Impact on Streams in the Mid-Atlantic
and Southeastern United States. Water. Air, and Soil Pollution, (in
press).
PROJECT MANAGER: Robert T. Lackey FTS 420-4601
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Acid Rain Effects
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Watershed Manipulation Project (WMP) (55)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Investigate and quantify the relationships between the watershed processes
influencing the acidity of surface waters, and the impact that acidic
deposition has on them. Critically evaluate the models used in the
Direct/Delayed Response Project and the predictions/classifications derived
from the project. Provide mechanistic data to refine/revise those models
as necessary.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
Watershed Manipulation Project Quality Implementation Plan: FY90-92. This
plan has been internally reviewed by ERL-C quality assurance and editorial
staff. The plan was mailed out this reporting period for extramural review
and will be finalized next quarter.
The Field Implementation Plan for the Watershed Manipulation Project (WMP)
at Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM) for the period 1986-October 1989
This plan was finalized during this reporting period as scheduled.
The final application of ammonium sulfate to the Fernow experimental
watershed has been made. EPA funding has been cut and EPA will not be
assisting with validation of the data for this project. Fernow staff has
begun validation of the data collected to date.
The second application of ammonium sulfate was applied to the winter
snowpack at the BBWM site in Maine.
Most of the analyses of the 35S containment systems experiments have been
completed this quarter.
FINDINGS:
Preliminary results on organic oxalate are in. Findings are that organics
do not greatly increase weathering rates 1n Bear Brook soils.
PUBLICATIONS:
Asolekar, S.R., R.L. Valentine and J.L. Schnoor. 1990. Kinetics of chemical
weathering in an acid soil. Water Resources Research, (submitted).
David, M.B., W.J. Fasth, G.F. Vance and M.R. Donofrio. 1990. Forest soil
response to acid and salt additions of sulfate: Sulfur constituents
and cycling. Soil Science, (submitted).
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David, M.B., R.D. Fuller, I.J. Fernandez, H.J. Mitchell, L.E. Rustad, G.F.
Vance, A.C. Stam, S.C. Nodvin. 1990. Spodosol variability and
assessment of response to acidic deposition. Soil Science Society of
America Journal, (in press).
David, M.B. and G.F. Vance. 1990. Chemical character and origin of organic
acids in streams and seepage lakes of central Maine. Bioqeochemistrv.
(in press).
Dhamala, B.R., M.J. Mitchell and A.C. Stam. Sulfur dynamics in mineral
horizons of two northern hardwood soils: a column study with 35S.
Biooeochemistrv. (in press).
Kochenderfer, J.N. and P.J. Edwards. 1990. Design and construction of a low-
cost stream-monitoring shelter. USDA, Forest Service, Northeastern
Forest Experiment Station, Radnor, PA. General Technical Report NE-
135.
Stam, A.C., M.J. Mitchell, H.R. Krouse and J.S. Kahl. 1990. Dynamics of
stable sulfur isotopes of sulfate in precipitation and stream
solutions in a northern hardwoods watershed. Bioqeochemistrv.
(submitted).
Sulzberger, B., J.L. Schnoor, R. Giovanoli, J.G. Hering and J. Zobrist.
1990. Biogeochemistry of iron in an acidic lake. J. of Aouatic
Sciences, (in press).
Vance, G.F. and M.B. David. 1990. Spodosol cation release and buffering of
acidic inputs. Soil Science, (submitted).
PROJECT MANAGER: Jeffrey J. Lee FTS 420-4666/4600
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Acid Rain Effects
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Direct/Delayed Response of Watersheds (57)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Predict the long-term response of watersheds and surface waters to acidic
deposition. The Environmental Protection Agency and Congress require
information concerning rate of acidification and its reversibility. It is
not known whether aquatic resources will deteriorate if emissions are held
constant or decreased, or whether aquatic resources will improve. This work
is necessary for informed decision making concerning the timing and
necessity for additional emission controls.
A three-tiered approach is employed to classify watersheds. Level I entails
statistical analysis of watershed characteristics and water chemistry and
evaluated Watershed and regional input-output elemental budgets. Level II
estimates single factor response times for watersheds emphasizing key
properties (e.g., sulfate adsorption capacity, base saturation, and indices
of soil-water contact). Level III uses dynamic system models to integrate
important processes and predicts changes in watershed properties and surface
water chemistry. A soil survey is an important aspect of the approach in
that it provides data for Level I, II, and III analyses.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next3twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
Problems with 1) technical aspects of printing of color plates and 2)
bidding the printing job for the DDRP Final Report for the Northeast and
Southern Blue Ridge Province have been resolved and the report is in
printing. Delivery is scheduled for mid-April. One thousand copies of the
report are being printed. The copies will be housed and distributed by
CERI.
Numerous preliminary analyses were completed for the projection of future
effects of long term sulfur deposition on stream chemistry in the Mid-
Appalachian Region. Findings are summarized below.
FINDINGS:
Analyses were performed for two principal scenarios of sulfur deposition:
1) constant at present levels, 2) a decrease of 50%. For the constant
deposition scenario, median time to sulfur steady state is projected to be
40 years (as compared to 60 years in the Southern Blue Ridge Province; the
Northeast is currently at steady state on the average). Atmospheric sulfur
deposition would have to decrease to about 50% of current levels for stream
sulfate concentrations to remain unchanged over the long term. This
scenario also results in projections of relatively large decreases in soil
pH and base saturation at 50 years. Models of 29 watersheds representing
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a target population of 4298 steam reaches (approximately 11000 km of
streams) project that the number of acidic stream reaches at constant
deposition will double in 50 years and quadruple in 100 years, reaching 25%
of the target population. The number of stream reaches with acid
neutralizing capacity (ANC) less than 50 ueq/1, and thus susceptible to
acidic episodes due to snowmelt or storms, is projected to increase to 50%
of the target population in 50 years. For both sulfate concentrations and
ANC, reducing deposition 50% results in projections of negligible changes
from current conditions.
PUBLICATIONS:
Kern, J.S., D.A. Lammers, D.L. Cassell and William G. Campbell. 1990.
Direct/Delayed Response Project: Field operations and quality
assurance report for additional watershed mapping in the northeastern
region of the United States. EPA Report (in press).
Kern, J.S., D.,A. Lammers, D.L. Cassell and W.G. Campbell. 1990. Direct/
Delayed, Response Project: Field operations and quality assurance
report for watershed mapping in the Mid-Appalachian region of the
United States. EPA Report (in press).
Lammers, D.A., M.G. Johnson, S.W. Buol, J.J. Lee and D.L. Stevens, Jr.
Classifying soils for acidic deposition aquatic effects: A scheme for
the Southern Blue Ridge Region. Soil Science Society of America
Journal. (submitted).
Lammers, D.A. and M.G. Johnson. Soil mapping concepts for environmental
assessment. In J.J. Mausbach (ed.). Spatial variability and map
units for soil surveys. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science
Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI.
(submitted).
Liegel, L.H., M.R. Church, D.L. Cassell, W.G. Campbell, D.J. Bogucki, G.K.
Gruendling and E.B. Allen. Using color infrared aerial potography in
regional acid precipitation research. J. Photoaram. Eng. and Remote
Sensing, (submitted).
Liegel, L.H., D. Cassell, R. Church, D. Stevens and P. Shaffer. Regional
relationships between land use and surface water chemistry. Environ.
Manage, (submitted).
Rochelle, B.P., C.I. Liff, W.G. Campbell, D.L. Cassell, M.R. Church and R.A.
Nuzs. 1989. Regional relationships between geomorphic/ hydrologic
parameters and surface water chemistry relative to acidic deposition.
Journal of Hydrology. 112:103-120.
Shaffer, P.W., R.P. Hooper, K.N. Eshleman, and M.R. Church. 1989. Reply
(to letter from D.W. Schindler). Water. Air, and Soil Pollut. 47:179-
182.
PROJECT MANAGER: M. Robbins Church FTS 420-4566/4600
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Acid Rain Effects
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Episodic Response Project (58)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Phase I:
Determine the magnitude, duration, frequency and characteristics of episodic
chemical changes that accompany hydrologic events (both snowmelt and
rainstorms) in streams.
Evaluate the effects of episodic acidification on fish populations in
streams.
Define key characteristics of episodes that determine the severity of
effects on fish populations.
Develop and calibrate regional models of episodic chemistry that link
atmospheric deposition to biologically relevant chemistry during episodes.
Regional Episodic and Acidic Manipulations Project (REAM):
Provide data on the effects of increased acidic deposition on surface water
quality following whole catchment manipulation. The response of waters to
acidification is being monitored on both chronic and episodic time scales
at the U.S. Forest Service Fernow Experimental Forest near Parsons, WV.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
The regions have begun their final spring intensive biological monitoring
period during this quarter. The monitoring consists of population
estimates, radio telemetry, and bioassay experiments. All field work for
the ERP will be complete by mid-June, 1990.
The biannual ERP meeting was held in Albany, NY, January 3-5. Project
participants discussed preparations for the final spring intensive season,
and strategies for reporting ERP findings.
Many of the.data management functions previously performed by EMSL-LV have
been transferred to ERL-Corvallis because of budget cuts. Las Vegas
personnel will continue to support the programs they have developed for data
management, and will continue to develop programs for verifying the ERP
biology data.
Verification and validation for the first nine months of ERP data is nearing
completion. Chemistry data for two of the three regions has been sent to
cooperators for their review. Continuous stream chemistry data for all
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regions has been sent to the cooperators for their review.
Verification/validation is continuing on the biology data.
The ERP has completed the switch from synthetic to natural audit samples
for checking the quality of work in each of the regional laboratories. The
switch will save a significant amount of money without an appreciable loss
in our ability to check data quality.
Interim reports for the first year of field work have been prepared by the
three primary field research groups. Peer reviews of the reports have been
completed and revisions are being made.
FINDINGS:
Preliminary results from the first year of field research have revealed that
episodic acidification can have significant impacts on wild fish. During
in situ bioassay experiments during actual episodes in Adirondack streams,
90 to 100 % blacknose dace and 25 to 90 % brook trout died in the Adirondack
streams; in the Catski 11st 40 to 50 % brook trout died; and in Pennsylvania,
30 to 80 % wild trout and sculpin died. Dissolved aluminum, which increases
in concentration during acidification, appeared to be the major cause of
mortality. Other results indicated that free ranging trout would move long
distances to avoid high aluminum levels. Where the fish could not find
water with lower aluminum, they perished.
PUBLICATIONS:
None this reporting period.
PROJECT MANAGER: P.J. Wigington Jr. FTS 420-4666/4600
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Acid Rain Effects
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Acid Rain Aquatic Effects (59)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Provide comprehensive and integrated information germane to understanding
the current and future effects of acidic deposition on surface waters.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Regional Case Studies book (02/90). Completed.
Review draft of NAPAP 1990 aquatics assessment (03/90). Completed.
Preparation of the final draft of the 1990 aquatics state-of-science reports
(04/90). On schedule.
ACTIVITIES:
The Regional Case Studies book has been sent to the publisher.
AERP staff made presentations summarizing the aquatics state-of-science
documents at the NAPAP final conference (Hilton Head, SC, February 11-16,
1990).
L. Baker presented "Current Status of Surface Water Acid-Base Chemistry" at
the NAPAP Hilton Head meeting^ February 11-16, 1990.
T. Sullivan presented "Historical Changes in Surface Water Acid-Base
Chemistry" at the NAPAP Hilton Head Meeting, February 11-16, 1990.
AERP staff completed the first draft of the aquatics component of "Question
#3" (sensitivity of aquatic resources to changes in emissions).
Writing of the final drafts of the state-of-science reports is underway,
with completion expected in April.
Two papers summarizing the National Stream Survey findings were completed.
The Stream Survey Data Base and Users Guide has been completed and is in
laboratory review.
"Controls and speciation of aluminum in acidic surface waters of the United
States," by A. Herlihy, L. Baker, and P. Kaufmann, abstract submitted for
ASL0 meeting to be held at Williamsburg, June, 1990.
FINDINGS:
The National Surface Water Survey estimated the number of acidic	lakes
(1,181) and streams (5506 km, excluding acid mine drainage streams)	based
upon a statistical design and sampling during an index period.	These
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estimates are a lower bound on the actual number of acidic systems, not a
total resource estimate. Major reasons are: (1) these numbers do not
reflect acidic episodes, which a model-based study indicates would triple
the number of Adirondack lakes and Mid-Atlantic streams that are acidic at
some time during the year; (2) there are an estimated 5,000 km of acidic
streams in the Northeast that were not sampled in the NSWS, plus numerous
acid mine drainage streams in other parts of the country outside the NSWS
boundaries; (3) lakes < 4 ha were not sampled in the eastern U.S., but many
of these are acidic—other studies have sampled over 300 acidic lakes < 4
ha in the Northeast alone; and (4) streams not represented on 1:250,000-
scale maps were not sampled. Finally, the acidic criteria (ANC < 0) is
conservative for assessment of biological effects. For example, 7% of the
eastern NSWS lakes were acidic, but 14% had pH < 6.0.; for NSS streams, only
3% of total length was acidic, but 18% had pH < 6.0.
Total concentrations and speciation of monomeric aluminum varied among
acidic surface waters in the National Surface Water Survey. High
concentrations (100-300 ng/l) of inorganic monomeric aluminum (the form most
toxic to fish) were observed in almost all acidic Adirondack lakes and
acidic streams in the Appalachian Mountains and the Mid-Atlantic Coastal
Plain. Aluminum concentrations in acidic seepage lakes in Florida and the
Upper Midwest are typically lower, reflecting their hydrologic isolation.
The partitioning between inorganic and organic aluminum is closely related
to concentrations of dissolved organic carbon.
PUBLICATIONS
Webster, K., A. Newell, L. Baker, and P. Brezonik. Climatically induced
rapid acidification of a softwater seepage lake. Nature, (submitted).
PROJECT MANAGER: Robert T. Lackey FT§ 420-4601
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Acid Rain Effects
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Extent and Magnitude of Recent Changes in Forest Condition (63)
OBJECTIVE(S):
To identify and evaluate the extent and magnitude of recent changes in
forest condition.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
External report and publication on extent and magnitude of recent changes
in forest cqndition has been completed and is in press.
Staff has been responsible for scientific methods development for the EMAP-
Forests Program.
FINDINGS:
Two regions of the USA show changes in forest condition. First, the
incidence of ponderosa pine foliar injury in the southern Sierra Nevada of
California is greater than would be expected from natural sources of
variability'. Second, in the Northeast, high-elevation red spruce showed
increased mortality starting in the early 1960s.
PUBLICATIONS:
Reams, G.A., and M.M.P. Huso. 1990. Stand history: An alternative
explanation of the red spruce radial growth reduction. Canadian
Journal of Forest Research, (submitted).
Van Deusen, P.C. 1990. Stand dynamics and red spruce decline. Canadian
Journal of Forest Research, (submitted).
PROJECT MANAGER: Roger Blair FTS 420-4634
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Acid Rain Effects
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Response of Forest Trees to Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Associated
Pollutants (66)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Summarize the work of the Forest Response Program (FRP) (with the exception
of projection of response under alternative deposition scenarios), and
support an assessment of the effects of current levels of depositions of
sulfur, nitrogen, and associated pollutants on forest ecosystems.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Evaluation of the role of sulfur, nitrogen and associated pollutants in
forest damage (II) (9/90). On schedule.
ACTIVITIES:
Approximately 100 reports from the Forest Response Program (FRP) research
cooperatives are being used as the scientific basis for the evaluation. A
first draft was mailed to over 90 scientists and managers in July, 1989.
Review comments and further synthesis were incorporated into a peer-review
draft and mailed Octobe/, 1989. These review comments were incorporated
into the final internal report completed December 1989. The internal report
is currently being upgraded to an EPA publication.
FINDINGS:
Several observations support the hypothesis that chronic depositions of H+
and SO.2" significantly alter soil chemical properties. Trends similar to
those that would be expected due to soil acidification are observed along
both regional gradients of SO,2" deposition in midwestern forests and
elevational gradients in the Appalachian Mountains where deposition is
reasoned to increase due to increased cloud-water deposition. These results
cannot establish cause and effect at this time, however.
In two regions of the United States, consistent trends in forest condition
and pollutant distribution occur. In the San Bernadino Mountains of
southern California and, to some degree, in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in
California, foliar damage to ponderosa pine occurs in areas of higher 03
exposure. Ponderosa pine seedlings have been shown to be the most sensitive
of eight western conifers tested to ozone. In the high-elevation spruce-
fir forests of the northeastern U.S., increases in standing dead red spruce
occur with increases in elevation where deposition of H+, S042", and N is
reasoned to be higher. Acidic mists, particularly SO,2" mists, reduce the
ability of red spruce foliage to withstand simulated overnight freezes.
Foliage on selected branches of mature red spruce in the field showed
reduced winter mortality when acidic mists were reduced.
In the southeast, consistency between forest condition and 03 exposures
cannot be adequately evaluated because we do not know the ambient pollutant
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regimes at the individual forest monitoring sites where forest response has
been examined. Controlled exposures of ozone to southern pine seedlings
result in reduced growth and reduced physiological functioning. Specific
responses are highly variable.
PUBLICATIONS:
Binkley, D., C.T. Driscoll, H.L. Allen, P. Schoenberger, D. McAvoy. 1989.
Impacts of acidic deposition: Context and case studies of forest soils
in the Southeastern United States. Springer-Verlag, N.Y., 149 pp.
Cape, J.N., L.J. Sheppard, I.D. Leith, M.B. Murray, J.D. Deans, and D.
Fowler. 1988. The effect of acid mist on the frost hardiness of red
spruce seedlings. Aspects Add!. Biol. 17:141-149.
Jensen, K.F. and L.S. Dochinger. 1989. Response of eastern hardwood
species to ozone, sulfur dioxide, and acid precipitation. J. Air
Pollution Control Assoc. 39:852-855.
Hertel, Gerard, Technical Coordinator. Effects of atmospheric pollutants on
the spruce-fir forests of the eastern United States and the Federal
Republic of Germany. Proceedings of the US/FRG Research Symposium.
U.S. Forest Service, N.E. Forest Experiment Station and U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency. General Technical Report NE-120.
1988. 543 pp.
Project Manager: Roger Blair FTS 420-4634
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Environmental Research Laboratory—Corval 1 is
Project Status Report--Acid Rain Effects
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Projection Under Alternative Deposition Scenarios (67J
OBJECTIVE(S):
Produce scenarios of the response of trees and forests to policy relevant
atmospheric deposition scenarios. These deposition scenarios include
changes from current ambient conditions in the deposition of sulfur and
nitrogen compounds, pH, and ozone. Responses estimated include physio-
logical processes, growth patterns of individual trees and their parts, and
the growth and development of stands of trees. Species to be investigated
include loblolly pine, red spruce and ponderosa pine. The methods of
projection include statistically based projections and computer simulation
models. The simulation models include portions of whole tree physiology
(e.g., branch export of photosynthate, whole tree models providing diameter
increment, and stand models).
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
Completed second draft of NAPAP State-of-Science/Technology Report #28:
Development and Use of Tree and Forest Response Models. This draft was
defended at the NAPAP International Public Peer Review. Comments offered
at the meeting and in writing centered on the use to vr ch the models will
be put in the NAPAP Integrated Assessment. Many reviewer^ felt that the
models will not be useful for direct prediction of future effects but will
help us gain a greater understanding of the mechanisms of cause and effect
and of the overall sensitivity of trees and forest to acid deposition and
ozone. Improving understanding of processes is our basic objective so we
concur with the comments.
FINDINGS:
The environmental stress would have to be extreme in order to override the
simulated effects of random branch behaviors.
PUBLICATIONS:
Ford, R., and E.D. Ford. Structure and basic equations for a simulator of
branch growth in the Pinaceae. Journal of Theoretical Biology (in
press).
Ford, E.D., A. A very, and R. Ford. Simulation of branch growth in the
Pinaceae: Interactions of morphology, phenology, and the requirement
of structural support, on the export of carbon. Journal of
Theoretical Biology (in press).
PROJECT MANAGER: Roger Blair FTS 420-4634
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Acid Rain Effects
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Contribution to 1990 NAPAP Assessment (68)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Provide information in support of an assessment of the roles of sulfur,
nitrogen, and associated pollutants in changes in forest condition, and
project forest responses under alternative pollution deposition scenarios.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Internal report: Forest Effects Assessment (9/90). On schedule.
ACTIVITIES:
Continued to coordinate with principal authors to reconcile reviews and
produce final drafts of NAPAP State-of-Science documents on effects of
acidic deposition on forest resources, plant physiological processes, on
deposition of pollutants in cloud water, and on development and use of
terrestrial effects models.
Developed plan for contributing forest effects information to the NAPAP
Integrated Assessment (IA). This will present an evaluation of the
effectiveness of various emission control strategies in protecting forests.
Produced first draft of answer„to IA Question #l--"What are the pollution
effects of concern?"
FINDINGS:
There does not appear to be a major, regional decline in health of forests
in the United States.
There is evidence that acidic cloud water can alter resistance of red spruce
foliage to winter injury.
Natural stresses such as drought and insects are important factors con-
tributing to recent declines in health of sugar maple and growth reductions
in natural pine stands in the Southeast.
Ozone is an important factor in decline of pines in southern California and
is the pollutant of greatest concern which could cause regional scale
impacts on North American forests.
PUBLICATIONS:
None this reporting period.
PROJECT MANAGER: Roger Blair FTS 420-4634
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Stratospheric Ozone
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Agroecosystems (71)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Provide a risk characterization of the global consequences of stratospheric
ozone depletion and resultant increases in ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation
on agroecosystems.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Internal Report: Report on selected UV-B effects on wetland rice (6/90).
On Schedule.
ACTIVITIES:
Completed internal reports: "Selected UV-B Effects on Wetland Rice
Ecosystems", and "Response of Rice to Elevated C02 and Temperature."
Seven proposals on the response of rice to UV-B and global climate change,
as well as methane emissions from rice fields, were submitted to peer
review.
A Program Plan for the US EPA/International Rice Research Institute (IRRI)
research program on the effects of stratospheric ozone depletion and
increases in global C02 concentrations and temperatures on the rice
ecosystem is being prepared for peer review. Arrangements are being made
for a panel peer review at Corvallis in late May, 1990.
A funding package was completed at ERL-Corvallis and sent to GAD for
completion of research on the effects of UV-B on loblolly pine and tropical
plants at the University of Maryland (A. Teramura, P.I.).
A presentation was made at the "International Conference on Tropical Ozone
and Atmospheric Change" held on February 20-23, 1990, at Penang, Malaysia.
The subject of the presentation was "Effects of UV-B and Global Climate
Change on Rice Production: The EPA/IRRI Cooperative Research Plan."
A visit was made by ERL-Corvallis staff to IRRI in the Philippines to
discuss the status of the Rice Research Project.
Completed initial greenhouse experiments examining the influence of enhanced
UV-B radiation on two cultivars of rice (Lemont and IR-36). The plants were
harvested in late March and the data are being processed. These experiments
were designed to evaluate morphological, physiological, and growth responses
to three levels of UV-B. Additional experiments are being conducted.
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FINDINGS:
Seedlings of loblolly pine, a major southeastern tree species, grown in the
field for three years under UV-B levels equivalent to 40% ozone depletion
showed: reduced growth rates, biomass production, leaf photosynthesis, and
height; but increased number of lateral branches. These effects were
cumulative over a 3-year period. A major Implication of these results is
that stratospheric ozone depletion may result in reduced harvestable wood
volume and poorer wood quality, with subsequent economic losses to the U.S.
forest products industry.
PUBLICATIONS:
Sullivan, J.H. and A.H. Teramura. 1990. Field study of the interaction
between solar ultraviolet-B radiation and drought on photosynthesis
and growth in soybean. Plant Physiology 92:141-146.
Tevini, M.M., A.H. Teramura, G. Kulandaivelu and L.O. Bjorn. 1989.
Terrestrial Plants. Chapter 3. Im Report on the Environmental
Effects of Ozone Depletion. United States Environment Programme pp.
25-39.
PROJECT MANAGER: David Olszyk FTS 420-4383
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report — Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Climate-Biosphere Interactions (81)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Determine how climate controls the distribution of vegetation in North
America and the relative sensitivity of regions of North America to climatic
change.
Further develop our understanding of climate-biosphere interactions.
Develop the capability to make continental-scale predictions of the impacts
of trace-gas induced climatic change on vegetation.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Sensitivity of North American forests to selected global warming scenarios
(11/90). On schedule.
ACTIVITIES:
Work continues on developing a rule-based, continental-scale vegetation
model using the results from the biotic regions task. A new task was
initiated to estimate evapotranspiration from the major biomes in the United
States. Evapotranspiration is a required parameter in the rule-based
vegetation model.
A project member presented 
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FINDINGS:
Development of a rule-based, continental-scale vegetation model continues.
The model is being developed in stages. The goal of the first stage is the
successful simulation of the current distribution of U.S. forests using
monthly climate data. This stage is nearing completion. Of the total set
of climate stations used in the analysis, the current version of the model
correctly classifies over 75% of the forested sites as forests, and almost
90% of the non-forested sites as non-forests. Improvements 1n the model and
the use of a more precise vegetation base map in the analysis should result
in a higher percentage of forested sites being correctly classified. Once
fully developed, this model will be used to project the redistribution of
vegetation in North America in response to global climatic change.
PUBLICATIONS:
None this reporting period.
PROJECT MANAGER: Peter Beedlow FTS 420-4791
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Forest Effects and Carbon Sequestering (82)
OBOECTIVE(S):
(1)	Evaluate and project sequestering and cycling of carbon by boreal,
temperate and tropical forests in response to global change scenarios.
(2)	Characterize and project condition, migration and fragmentation of
boreal, temperate and tropical forests in response to global change
scenarios.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Evaluation qf the effects of climate change and increased concentrations of
atmospheric C02 on carbon sequestering and water use efficiency of forests,
including an assessment of the ecological constraints on large-scale
reforestation (09/90). On schedule.
ACTIVITIES:
Long-term controlled environment studies continued on the effects of CO,
enrichment, drought, and temperature stress on growth and development of
three tree species. Species include Douglas-fir, bigleaf maple and red
, alder. Carbon assimilation/allocation, water use efficiency and cold-
hardiness of trees will be investigated. Whole-tree process models will be
used to predict global change impacts on large trees and forest stands.
Research planning was initiated in cooperation with the National Park
Service to evaluate boreal tree distribution, condition and migration at
high latitude sites in Alaska. Vegetation growing on such ecologically
sensitive sites may be early indicators of global change impacts.
Laboratory, field, and simulation model investigations were initiated in
cooperation with NASA and Oregon State University to evaluate carbon cycling
and storage in belowground systems along the Oregon Transect for Ecological
Research (OTER). Carbon dynamics models will be used to predict global
change impacts on forest types along the transect.
Annual research plans were developed under an interagency agreement with
the Forest Service Pacific Northwest (PNW) Forest and Range Experiment
Station addressing: modeling of PNW forest response to global change
impacts; parameterization of vegetation model ZELIG for Rocky Mountain
forest types; and ecophysiological response of PNW tree species to C02
enrichment and drought stress.
A two-day workshop was held at ERL-C to evaluate the potential of below-
ground systems to sequester carbon; it was attended by approximately 40
internationally-recognized scientists in the field of carbon biogeo-
chemistry. Belowground systems are the largest terrestrial non-fossil fuel
carbon reservoir (three times that found in aboveground biomass). A
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workshop report summarizing adaptation and mitigation strategies is being
prepared by Corvallis scientists.
FINDINGS:
Significant opportunities exist for managing source-sink relationships of
the global carbon cycle through agricultural and forest management
practices. Three general strategies for promoting below ground carbon
sequestering have emerged: (1) employ agricultural and forest management
practices that maintain current pools of soil carbon; (2) promote soil
carbon accretion in carbon-depleted and naturally infertile soils; and (3)
use management techniques to enhance the size of existing carbon pools.
Large-scale tree planting programs can be implemented in developing
countries to ameliorate impacts of atmospheric C02 enrichment. Carbon-
depleted and naturally infertile soils can be rehabilitated and planted with
three species that sequester carbon. Genera such as Prosodis and Leucaena
can be established on droughty or saline soils. Woody biomass from large-
scale tree planting programs provide resource-poor farmers with fuel, food,
and fiber, as* well as sequester carbon.
PUBLICATIONS:
Bailey, J.D., R.K. Dixon, and R.W. Rose. Dormancy and cold-hardiness of
Pseudotsuoa menziesii. Alnus rubra, and Acer macrophyllum in an
enriched carbon dioxide environment. 11th North American Forest
Biology Workshop. June 13-15, Athens, GA. (in press).
Barrett, V., R.K. Dixon, and P.A. Lemke. Genetic transformation of a
mycorrhizal fungus. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology (in
press).
Dixon, R.K. Physiological processes and tree growth. 1990. IN Process
Modeling of forest growth responses to environmental stress (Dixon,
R.K., R.S. Meldahl, G.A. Ruark, and W.G. Warren, eds.). Timber Press
(in press).
Droessler, T.D., and R.K. Dixon. Global climate change impacts on boreal
forests. To be presented at conference, Polar Regions and Global
Change, Fairbanks, Alaska, June 12, 1990 (submitted).
Johnson, M.G., Carbon sequestering and storage in soils: Evaluating the
potential for mitigating global climate change. To be presented at
the 14th Congress of the International Society of Soil Science.
August 12-18, 1990, Kyoto, Japan (submitted).
Mexal, J.G., and R.K. Dixon. Reforestation and seedling symbionts. IN
Proceedings of National Reforestation Workshop, Madurai, Tamil Nadu,
India (in press).
Project Manager: Robert K. Dixon FTS 420-4311
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Environmental Research Laboratory—Corvallis
Project Status Report — Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Water Resources Effects of Global Climate Change (83)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Investigate the most probable energy balance and water resources effects of
global climate change on terrestrial ecosystems 1n support of the
requirements of the Global Climate Protection Act of 1987.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Assess climate feedbacks from the biosphere due to radiatively important
gases from vegetation, and changes in regional evapotranspiration and
albedo, resulting from forest redistribution and degradation associated with
climate change, and C02 doubling (9/90). On schedule.
ACTIVITIES:
Met with scientists from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Construction
Engineering Research Laboratory concerning global databases and possible
collaborative work. A number of global databases were transferred to the
Global Climate Research Program (GCRP) including weekly satellite data for
1988, soils, vegetation, and coastline/political boundary information.
Participated in a workshop on complex river basin management in a changing
global climate sponsored by Office of Policy, Planning and Evaluation and
the University of Colorado.
Met with NASA researchers concerning cooperative work in conjunction with
the First International Field Experiment at the Konza prairie site in
Kansas.
A cooperative agreement with the University of Washington concerning the
hydrologic effects of global climate change was approved for funding.
Attended an EMAP meeting in Las Vegas, Nevada, to discuss cooperative work
on remote sensing and to talk with scientists from the University of
California, Santa Barbara concerning energy balance modeling.
Met with researchers from the IBM Thomas Watson Research Center and the
University of Washington concerning global and continental databases and
vegetation modeling.
Met with NASA scientists concerning cooperative research in remote sensing
in conjunction with NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) program.
Obtained a listing of 11 non-impacted" streams in the continental U.S. for
use in a regional analysis of rainfall and runoff.
Continued work on developing national and global data sets for use in the
GCRP. These data are being formatted for use in both ARC/INFO and
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Geographic Resources Analysis Support Systems (GRASS) Geographic Information
Systems. In particular, 30-second digital elevation data has been
reformatted into GRASS format and is being used in a regional analysis of
terrain structure and energy balance modeling.
Initiated development of an interagency agreement with National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration's National Geophysical Data Center for the
collection, management, and archiving of global data sets.
FINDINGS:
No major findings to report.
PUBLICATIONS:
None this reporting period.
PROJECT MANAGER: Peter Beedlow FTS 420-4791
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change on Agroecosystems (84)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Provide scientifically sound estimates of the most probable and most likely
ecological effects of global climate changes on agroecosystems resulting
from tropospheric greenhouse gases, and support the requirements of the
Global Climate Protection Act of 1987.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
Continued work on analyzing effects of global climate change on soil erosion
on U.S. croplands, pasturelands, and rangelands using future climate
scenarios from General Circulation Models (GCMs) of the atmosphere and the
National Resources Inventory data base on current soil erosion estimates.
Completed analyses of climatic potential for soil erosion by water for Texas
under the Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS) 2xC02 climate scenario.
Continued work on procedures for using the Erosion Productivity Impact
Calculator (EPIC) simulation model for analyzing climate change effects on
agricultural soil erosion and its impacts on agricultural production.
f
Acquired two software packages for geostatistical analyses of climate data,
have them running, and have tested them. These will be used for
geostatistical interpolation of precipitation and runoff under current and
future climate scenarios which will be used as input into simulation models
of global climate change effects.
A new scope of work for this project, focusing on global climate change
effects on desertification, climatic feedbacks, and changes in arid land
use is being developed.
FINDINGS:
Implementation of the research on effects of climate change on U.S.
agricultural soil erosion is continuing. Agricultural production impacts
of climate change are not presently being emphasized in the ORD Global
Change Research Program. A new scope of work is being developed for this
project, directed at water limited lands and processes of desertification.
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PUBLICATIONS:
Dolph, J., D. Marks, and D. Phillips. Characterization of monthly
precipitation patterns in mountainous regions. Abstract for
presentation at American Geophysical Union meeting, August 21-25, 1990
in Kanazawa, Japan, (submitted).
LeDuc, S., K. Hermann, G. Mapp, D. Phillips, and D. Block. Precipitation
frequency and intensity in global climate change. Abstract for
presentation at Second International Symposium on Advanced Technology
in Natural Resource Management meeting, November 12-15, 1990 in
Washington, D.C. (submitted).
Marks, D., J. Baglio, W. Campbell, J. Dolph, and D. Phillips. Regional
characterization of climate, hydrology, and vegetation for climate
change analysis. Abstract for presentation at Ecological Society of
America meeting, Snowbird, Utah. July 29-August 2, 1990. (submitted).
Phillips, D.L. and D.J. Shure. 1990. Patch-size effects on early succession
in Southern Appalachian forests. Ecology 71: 204-212, 1990.
Phillips, D.L., and D. White. Use of the National Resources Inventory for
broad scale ecological studies. Abstract for presentation at
Ecological Society of America meeting, July 29-August 2, 1990 in
Snowbird, Utah (submitted).
PROJECT MANAGER: Donald L. Phillips FTS 420-4355
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report--Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Biogenic Emissions of Radiatively Important Trace Gases (85)
OBJECTIVE(S):
To quantify the contribution from the earth's biota to global budgets of
the radiatively important trace gases and to develop scientific
understanding of the effects of climate change on biogenic emissions.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
Attended workshop on "Environmental and metabolic controls on trace gas
emissions by plants" and co-presented a paper on "Monoterpenes and higher
terpenes." The paper will be published as a book chapter.
An interagency agreement with Battelle at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory
has been implemented to do cooperative work on the study of environmental
controls on tree non-methane hydrocarbon emissions.
Pre-proposals have been received and selected full proposals are being
written for the field measurement of tree non-methane hydrocarbon emissions
in association with the NASA, sponsored Oregon Transect for Ecological
Research (OTER) project.
Continental and global databases for vegetation, topography, climate and
vegetation index (from satellite imagery) are being acquired for developing
estimates of global biogenic non-methane hydrocarbon emissions.
Project scientists attended the American Geophysical Union meetings in New
Orleans and presented two papers.
FINDINGS:
There are good prospects for using continental and global databases as a
framework for developing regional and global inventories of biogenic trace
gas emissions. Low resolution databases exist for characteristics such as
vegetation type, soils, and climate. Research in remote sensing now
provides a means for improved spatial and temporal resolution in character-
izing type and amount of vegetation as well as other surface char-
acteristics. Environmental variables such as surface temperature and foliar
nitrogen status, which can be used in process models for predicting biogenic
emissions, are also available via remote sensing. With regard to using this
approach for emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons from forests, the most
urgent needs relate to vegetation-specific emissions factors. Baseline
emissions from tropical and boreal tree species are of particular interest.
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Predictions of global vegetation distribution under a 2XC02 climate scenario
are being reviewed and improved within the ERL-C Climate-Vegetation
Interactions Project. The combination of these predictions with information
on biome-specific factors, such as above- and below-ground carbon pools and
annual emissions of important trace gases, will allow evaluation of some of
the potential biospheric feedbacks to climate change. A preliminary look
at the terrestrial carbon pools suggests, for example, a net flux of about
55 Gt of carbon to the atmosphere under a 2XC02 climate scenario, assuming
above- and below- ground carbon pools come into equilibrium with the
climate. This represents approximately a 30 ppm increase in atmospheric
C02.
PUBLICATIONS:
None this reporting period.
PROJECT MANAGER: Peter Beedlow FTS 420-4791
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Environmental Research Laboratory—Corvallis
Project Status Report—Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Effects of Global Climate Change on Biodiversity (86)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Evaluate the threats that climate change and other stresses pose to
biodiversity (with an emphasis on forested ecosystems), and evaluate options
for maintaining biodiversity to support the requirements of the Global
Climate Protection Act of 1987, and potential mandates specific to
biodiversity.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
Research is continuing on the Northwest Regional Pilot Project. Key data
bases have been identified and are being acquired; full proposals for the
study of the distribution of narrow endemic species have been submitted and
a finalist has been selected; cooperative interaction with other agencies
(state and federal) are continuing. Work has begun on the continental
analysis of controls on species richness in North America. This analysis
will form the basis for a geographically-explicit modeling effort on the
effects of global climate change on biodiversity.
The interagency short course for decision makers, "Meeting the Biodiversity
Challenge," was held in Phoenix, AZ. Reed Noss was invited as an instructor
and organizer. Nine persons from EPA labs and Headquarters attended the
week-long meeting. The objectives of the course were to increase
management's understanding and appreciation of biodiversity, and to explore
opportunities and strategies for conserving diversity throughout the public
domain.
The Earth Day 1990 Seminar Series has begun: Denis Hayes (founder of Earth
Day 1990) and Dave Pimentel (Cornell University) spoke on relevant issues.
Both talks were very well attended. A recent feasibility study on the
proposed Earth Day 1990 Interpretative Natural Trail has been completed.
FINDINGS:
No major findings to report.
PUBLICATIONS:
None this reporting period.
PROJECT MANAGER: Reed F. Noss FTS 420-4318
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Ecological Effects of Global Climate Change
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Reforestation (87)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Evaluate the potential of reforestation and other forestry practices to: 1) slow
the increase of atmospheric C02 by increasing forest fixation and storage of
carbon (mitigation); and 2) adapt forests to climate change so that their
carbon-sequestering capability is maintained (adaptation).
ORD Deliverable Status: None scheduled this reporting period. This project will
contribute to Project 82 A-deliverable.
ACTIVITIES:
Arrangements were completed for an international workshop entitled: Ecological
and Operational Considerations for Large-Scale Reforestation. The workshop will
be held in Corvallis, OR on May 8, 9 and 10, 1990.
The purpose of the workshop is to identify major ecological and operational
considerations needed to successfully conduct large-scale reforestation and
afforestation projects. In the 1990s, many large-scale reforestation/
afforestation projects are proposed throughout the world as a means to slow
increases in atmospheric C02 and thus global warming. Invited participants
include forest managers and scientists who are experienced in large-scale
reforestation projects. Represented are Brazil, British Columbia, Congo,
Guatemala, India, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and U.S. Pacific Northwest and
Southeast regions. The workshop is designed to draw together knowledge from
participants to guide decision makers toward implementing large-seals
reforestation projects.
FINDINGS:
The workshop outcome will consist of a published proceedings containing the
invited papers and summaries of follow-up discussions. The findings will serve
as key input to the FY90 A-deliverable of Project 82 on carbon sequestering by
world forest systems.
The workshop and other startup activities in FY90 will provide valuable insights
into the role of forest management for carbon sequestering and adaptation. For
example, carbon sequestering is an immediate need, and could be aided through
implementation of silvicultural practices such as reforestation or afforestation
which maintain or expand present forest land areas. Adaptation of forests to
climate change is a need over the next several decades. Under more drought-prone
climates projected for the future, this will be largely a matter of moisture
management using practices such as site preparation, thinning, and weed control.
PUBLICATIONS:
Schroeder, P.E., and L. Ladd. Slowing the increase of atmospheric carbon
dioxide: a biological approach. Climate Change, (submitted).
PROJECT MANAGER: Robert K. Dixon FTS 420-4311
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Interdisciplinary
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Wetlands (90)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Develop a research approach for statistical design, landscape character-
ization, and wetlands bioindicators of health for the Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP).
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
An interagency EPA EMAP-Wetlands and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's
National Wetland Inventory (NWI) workshop was held to discuss collaborative
efforts between EMAP-Wetlands and NWI. Work groups were formed, a design
evaluation was proposed, and joint planning and reporting activities were
discussed.
The first draft of the Wetlands Biomonitoring Report was sent to both the
Office of Policy Planning and Evaluation and peer reviewers.
Prepared presentations on EMAP-Wetlands and the Wetlands Research Program,
respectively, for an EMAP Peer Review on February 21, 1990. Wetlands
activities and prioritized future tasks, with associated costs and time
lines, were presented.
EMAP-Wetlands and EMAP-Surface Waters staff discussed a strategy for
completing the Inland Aquatics Mock Assessment.
A joint EMAP-Biodiversity proposal titled "Northeast Biodiversity Indicators
Research Project" was presented at the January EMAP Steering Committee
meeting and was funded at the $100K level for three years.
FINDINGS:
No major findings to report.
PUBLICATIONS:
None this reporting period.
PROJECT MANAGER: Eric M. Preston FTS 420-4666/4600
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Environmental Research Laboratory-Corvallis
Project Status Report--Interdisciplinary
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Forests (91)
OBJECTIVE(S):
To develop plans and coordinate research and monitoring activities for
terrestrial ecosystems.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
The budgettfor FY 91 was approved at $3 Million by the EMAP Steering
Committee, as was a $120K proposal to develop data entry and verifications
systems.
EMAP--Forests staff met with the Forest Service to initiate the joint
National planning/coordination effort for Forest Health Monitoring.
Technical subcommittees were formed to identify major issues and to make
recommendations for resolving those issues. Outlines were also developed
for the various technical component sections of the National Coordination
Plan.
Progress was made in finalizing what will be included in the mock assess-
ment, i.e., the design, the expected analyses, and the format of the output.
Bob Mickler, NSI, and Rick VanRemortel, Lockheed, are working together on
the New England QA project plan under the direction of Bill Burkman, NSI.
Kate Dwire, NSI, has the lead on the Methods Manuals and is working with
Margaret Miller-Weeks, USDA Forest Service.
Brenda Huntley, NSI, is producing a slide show about forest health
monitoring which can be used by EMAP--Forests team members for
presentations.
Bev Law, Chuck Liff, and Bill Burkman, attended the New England Forest
Health Monitoring Technical Committee meeting in Durham, NH February 8.
The purpose of this meeting was to discuss many issues concerning forest
health monitoring in New England.
Kurt Riitters, NSI, and Bob Kucera, NSI, attended the USDA Forest Service
National Forest Pest Monitoring (FPM) meeting in Sandestin, FL, February
22. At this meeting, representatives of FPM expressed interest in
integrating forest pest surveys with the national effort in forest health
monitoring.
The EPA indicators subcommittee is developing a draft of methods and
implementation techniques to meet a mid-March deadline. It is important
that the Forest Service and other cooperators are comfortable with the
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recommendations of the EPA indicators team. As there is not time to conduct
an indicators workshop before the deadline, Lew Ohmann, USDA Forest Service,
made the suggestion to use the upcoming draft for review. If substantial
disagreement surfaces in the review process, a workshop of "experts" could
be held to iron out differences or to suggest different methods.
The National Forest Health Monitoring Committee, made up of EMAP--Forests
and USDA Forest Service personnel, met March 22-23 in Portsmouth, NH to
determine what the National Committee should do this field season. Margaret
Miller-Weeks of the New England Technical Committee gave a presentation on
the New England Implementation plan and explained that they will not be
measuring the entire suite of indicators due to the time involved in
locating and establishing plots. They will only be collecting visual
symptoms information. After lengthy discussions, it was decided to have two
research projects, one in the Northeast and one in the Southeast. Each
project will be approximately 20 plots in size, on which the full suite of
indicators will be measured to better determine the associations between
indicators, and to discover any problems in collecting the measurements,
such as logistical or design problems.
In addition, EMAP—Forests staff will be providing New England with Quality
Assurance support.
FINDINGS:
No major findings to report.
PUBLICATIONS:
None this reporting period.
PROJECT MANAGER: P.J. Wigington Jr. FTS 420-4666/4600
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Environmental Research Laboratory—Corvallis
Project Status Report—Interdisciplinary
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Agroecosystems
(92)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Provide technical support for the Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Program (EMAP) Task Group in Agroecosystems in order to establish a national
monitoring program to determine the ecological status and trends of U.S.
agroecosystems. Prior to establishing a national program, the Task Group
will develop sampling designs and monitoring strategies by reviewing and
evaluating potential stressor, exposure and response indicators.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
None scheduled during the next twelve months.
ACTIVITIES:
The EMAP-Agroecosystem Task Group continued in-depth reports on the 16
indicators that have been recommended for further development. Areas
addressed for each indicator include: 1) description, 2) rationale, 3) index
period, 4) data collection and logistics, 5) cost, 6) data summarization and
interpretation, 7) problems, and 8) literature references. ERL-Corval1 is
staff completed the biomonitoring indicator (includes lichens, mosses,
earthworms, clover and honey bees) reports and initiated development of a
wildlife indicator.
Assisted the EMAP-Agroecosystem Technical Director by: 1J. reviewing the
final 1989 Agroecosystem Research Plan, 2) reviewing EMAP characterization
documentation, and 3) recommending speakers for the Ecological Indicators
International Symposium.
FINDINGS:
No major findings to report.
PUBLICATIONS:
None this reporting period.
PROJECT MANAGER: P.J. Wigington Jr. FTS 420-4666/4600
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Environmental Research Laboratory—Corvallis
Project Status Report—Interdisciplinary
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Surface Waters
(93)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Determine the current status and trends in the condition of the nation's
inland surface waters; determine the pollutant status of surface waters.
Evaluate ecological indicators. Continue monitoring for surface water
effects from acidic deposition.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
EMAP Strategy for Surface Water Monitoring (07/90). On schedule.
ACTIVITIES:
Held first biannual Surface Water Task Group organizational meeting to
discuss status of each participant's contribution and plan for lake pilot
field activities in 1991.
Scheduled a lake design and indicator review workshop for mid-May to bring
in outside expertise to EMAP-SW on lake monitoring.
Reviewed EMAP-SW with EMAP Program Director; decided to implement lake
component of Surface Waters in the Northeast (EPA Regions I and II) in FY91;
monitoring of surface water acidification will also begin regional
implementation in FY91 (incorporation of Long Term Monitoring (LTM/TIME)
Project into EMAP-SW).
Met with LTM cooperators and USGS to coordinate submission of manuscripts
for special journal issue (Water, Air, and Soil Pollution) on results of
LTM and to advise cooperators of future direction of LTM as it merges with
EMAP-SW.
Met with California Air Resources Board to design a biological survey of
the Sierra Nevada (fish, stream invertebrates, and amphibians) based on EMAP
grid design.
Reviewed/revised Office of Water Programmatic Guidance on Biocriteria.
Attended/participated in the following meetings:
Office of Water Steering Committee for Water Quality Data Systems (informed
of EMAP-SW activities).
Water Quality 2000 writing workshop (contributing writing).
Oregon Governor's Watershed Enhancement Board Conference (presented poster).
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U.S. Forest Service workshop on research needs and approaches for preserving
and restoring biological integrity (contributed to development of strategy).
USGS review of National Water Quality Assessment (NAWQA).
Annual meeting Oregon Chapter of the American Fisheries Society (presented
paper).
FINDINGS:
No major findings to report
PUBLICATIONS:
Ford, J., T. Young, and J. Stoddard. 1989. Long-term monitoring for
aquatic effects of acidic deposition: an approach to regionalizing
information from existing monitoring sites. In: Proceedings of the
Workshop of the International Cooperative Programme on Assessment and
Monitoring of River and Lake Acidification, (in press).
Hughes, R.M. Regional use of a fish assemblage index for water resource
assessments. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, (submitted).
Oberdorff, T., and R.M. Hughes. Modification of an Index of Biotic
Integrity based on fish assemblages to characterize rivers of the
Seine Basin, France. Hydrobioloqia. (submitted).
Whittier, T.R. The surface waters component of the Environmental Monitoring
and Assessment Program (EMAP); and Determining regional conditions:
A second step in regional assessments. Proceedings of EPA Region VI
Water Quality Data Assessment Seminar, (submitted).
Case Study - The TIME Project. 1990. Proceedings of an International
Symposium on the Design of Water Quality Information Systems. R.C.
Ward, J.C. Loftis, and G.B. McBride (eds.). Information Series No.
61. Colorado State University. Includes the following contributions:
Daly, C. Estimation of wet deposition to surface water systems for the TIME
project: A geographic approach.
Hughes, R.M. What can biological monitoring tell us about environmental
health?
Loftis, J.C. and C.H. Taylor. Testing for trend in water quality data.
Pollack, A.K., and J. Ford. The TIME Project: An overview.
Young, T.C., and J. Ford. Site selection procedures for temporally
integrated monitoring of ecosystems (TIME).
PROJECT MANAGER: David P. Larsen FTS 420-4666/4600
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvall is
Project Status Report--Interdisciplinary
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Ecoindicators
(94)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Conduct ecological research to determine indicators for monitoring and
assessment; identify and assess existing and potential indicator measures;
create an overall indicator strategy that incorporates appropriate measures
of stress, exposure, and systems response; select, field test, and assess
example indicators.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Research strategy for developing indicators of ecological condition. A
five-year plan (08/90). On schedule.
ACTIVITIES:
Continued planning and arrangements for the "International Symposium on
Indicators of Ecological Condition" to be held in Miami Beach, Florida on
October 16-19, 1990. Brochures and posters were prepared and distributed.
Began planning for other indicator strategy activities.
FINDINGS:
No major findings to report.
PUBLICATIONS:
None this reporting period.
PROJECT MANAGER: Robert T. Lackey FTS 420-4601.
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Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Project Status Report—Interdisciplinary
March 31, 1990
TITLE: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP)--Statistics
and Design (95)
OBJECTIVE(S):
Design a permanent national sampling framework to address the status,
extent, and trends of ecological resources; define the statistical methods
for analyzing the spatial and temporal structure of data and for determining
trends; develop techniques for incorporating data from existing networks;
ensure the statistical adequacy of quality assurance (QA) and database
management (DBM) procedures; and provide training in environmental
statistics.
ORD DELIVERABLE STATUS:
Use of found data and combination with probability samples (02/90).
Completed.
Spatial considerations for a global environmental monitoring network
(03/90). Completed.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program Network Design Report
(06/9C). On schedule.
ACTIVITIES:
In preparation for the full review of the EMAP design by the peer review
committee of the American Statistical Association on 19-21 April 1990, and
for the final version of the design report due on 30 June 1990, all written
materials on the design have been extensively edited and rewritten. New
materials have been prepared on time series analysis, variance estimation,
and alternatives for interpenetrating designs.
The baseline sampling grid for EMAP has been completed and distributed.
Algorithms for converting to and from latitude and longitude and the map
projection surface in which the grid was developed have been released for
distribution as well. A simulation system has been developed for studying
the effects of different EMAP sampling designs on population estimates of
pertinent variables for near coastal estuaries.
Statistical investigation continue on trend detection, calibration, spatial
sampling density, and incorporation of other probability and non-probability
samples into EMAP.
FINDINGS:
No major findings to report.
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PUBLICATIONS:
Overton, W.S. 1990. Use of found data and combination With probability
samples. Environmental Science and Technology, (submitted).
White, D., A.J. Kimerling, and W.S. Overton. 1990. Spatial considerations
for a global environmental monitoring network. Cartography and
Geographic Information Systems, (submitted).
PROJECT MANAGER: Daniel H. McKenzie FTS 420-4666/4600
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1987-CURRENT PUBLICATIONS
Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis
Aber, John D., K.J. Nadelhoffer, P. Steudler, and J.M. Melillo, "Nitrogen
saturation in northern forest ecosystems—hypothesis and implications."
Bioscience 39(6):378-386. 1989. P. Wigington, project officer. EPA/600/
J-89/140. PB90 125 717/AS. ERL-C0R-1006J.
Adams, R.M., J.D. Glyer, 8.A. McCarl, and S.L. Johnson, "A reassessment of the
economic effects of ozone on U.S. agriculture." Journal of Air Pollution
Control Association 39:960-968. 1989. EPA/600/J-89/136. PB90 125 675/AS.
ERL-C0R-945J.
Adams, Richard M., "Global climate change and agriculture: An economic perspec-
tive." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 71(5):1272-1279. 1989.
David Tingey, project officer. ERL-C0R-1067J.
Adams, Richard, and Thomas D. Crocker, "The agricultural economics of environ-
mental change: some lessons from air pollution." Journal of Environmental
Management 28:295-307. 1989. David T. Tingey, project officer. EPA/600/
J-89/139. PB90 125 709/AS. ERL-C0R-1066J.
Adams, Richard M., B.A. McCarl, D.J. Dudek, and J.D. Glyer, "Implications of
global climate change for western agriculture." Western Journal of Agri-
cultural Economics 13(2):348-356. 1988. David Tingey, project officer.
ERL-C0R-1123J.
Adamus, Paul R., "Determining the Cumulative Effects of Forested Wetlands: EPA'.s
Research Program, and Choices for Research and Monitoring Designs." Sympo-
sium paper: Best Management Practices for Forest Wetlands: Concerns, Assess-
ments, Regulation and Research, 1989 Jun 12-14, Ashville, NC. 1989.
EPA/600/D-89/168. PB90 116 591/AS. ERL-COR-1065D.
Adamus, Paul, "Wetlands and Water Quality: EPA's Research and Monitoring Implemen-
tation Plan for the Years 1989-1994." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Enviro-
nmental Research Laboratory. 1989. Eric Preston, project officer.
EPA/600/ 3-89/039. PB89 190 300/AS. ERL-COR-551.
Armstrong, J.L., N.L. Fowles, and P.T. Rygiewicz, "Restriction fragment length
polymorphisms distinguish ectomycorrhizal fungi." Plant and Soil 116:1-7.
1989. EPA/600/J-89/112. PB90 108 432/AS. ERL-C0R-941J.
Armstrong, John L., L. Arlene Porteous, and Nathan D. Wood, "The Cutworm Peridroma
saucia (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) supports growth and transport of pBR322-
bearing bacteria." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55(9).*2200-2205.
1989 Sept. J. Armstrong, project officer. EPA/600/ J-89/244. PB90 137
035/AS. ERL-C0R-988J.
Bachelet, Dominique, and Andrew Herstrom, "GIS-based Simulation Approach to
Predict System Responses to Climatic Change." Proceedings: Landscape-
Ecological Impact of Climatic Change Conference (LICC), 1989 Dec 3-7,
Lunteren, The Netherlands. 1990. EPA/600/D-89/264. PB90 132 424/AS.
ERL-C0R-1085D.
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Baker, L.A., C.D. Pollman, and J.M. Eilers, "Alkalinity regulation in softwater
Florida Lakes." Water Resources Research 24(7):1069-1082. 1988.
EPA/600/J-88/415. PB90 110 081/AS. ERL-COR-833JAP.
Banwart, W.L., P.M. Porter, E.L. Ziegler, and J.J. Hassett, "Growth parameter and
yield component response of field corn to simulated acid rain." Environ-
mental and Experimental Botany 28(1):43-51. 1988. Jeffrey J. Lee, project
officer. EPA/J-88/432. PB90 125 865/AS. ERL-C0R-664JAP.
Barnes, P.VI., P.W. Jordan, W.G. Gold, S.D. Flint, and M.M. Caldwell, "Competition,
morphology, and canopy structure in wheat (triticum aestivum L.) and wild
oat (avena fatua L.) exposed to enhanced UV-B radiation." Functional
Ecology, 2:319-330. 1988. R. Lackey, project officer. EPA/600/J-88/416.
PB90 108 317/AS. ERL-C0R-832J.
Barnes, Paul W., Hermann Gucinski, and David Turner, "Ecosystem Responses to
Increases in Solar Ultraviolet-B Radiation." Proceedings: Air and Waste
Management Association, 1989, June 25-30, Anaheim, CA. 1989. D. Tingey,
project officer. EPA/600/D-89/108. PB90 113 135/AS. ERL-C0R-1034D.
Bassow, Susan L., E. David Ford, and Ross Keister, "A critique of carbon based
tree growth models." Forest Growth: Process modeling of response to
environmental stress, 1988 Nov 25, 1989. EPA/600/D-89/198. PB90 132
960/AS. ERL-COR971D.
Bedford, Barbara L., and Eric M. Preston, "Developing the scientific basis for
assessing cumulative effects of wetland loss and degradation on landscape
functions: Status, Perspectives and Prospects." Environmental Management
12(5):751-771. 1988 Sept. E. M. Preston, project officer. EPA/600/
J-88/506. PB90 185 307/AS. ERL-C0R-875J.
Bennett, Jewel K., Robert K. Ringer, Richard S. Bennett, Bill A. Williams, and
Philip E. Humphrey, "Comparison of breaking strength and shell thickness as
evaluators of eggshell quality." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
7:351-357. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/301. PB89 202 352/AS. ERL-C0R-816J.
Bennett, Richard S., "Factors influencing discrimination between insecticide-
treated and untreated foods by northern bobwhite." Archives of Environ-
mental Contamination and Toxicology 18:697-705. 1989. EPA/600/J-89/195.
PB90 140 807. ERL-C0R-789J.
Bennett, Richard S., "Role of dietary choices in the ability of bobwhite to
discriminate between insecticide-treated and untreated food." Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry 8:731-738. 1989. EPA/600/J-89/152. PB90 125
808/AS. ERL-COR-452J.
Bennett, Richard S., and Daniel W. Schafer, "Procedure for evaluating the
potential ability of birds to avoid chemically contaminated food."
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 7:359-362. 1988. EPA/600/
J-88/399. PB90 100 603/AS. ERL-C0R-660J.
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Bentjen, S.A., J.K. Fredrickson, P. Van Voris, and S.W. Li, "Intact soil-core
microcosms for evaluating the fate and ecological impact of the release of
genetically engineered microorganisms." Applied and Environmental Micro-
biology 55(1):198-202. 1989. C. Hendricks, project officer. EPA/600/
J-89/105. PB90 108 267/AS. ERL-C0R-881J.
Bohtn, Margi, "A regional characterization of air quality and deposition in the
coniferous forests of the western United States." APCA Annual Meeting,
1989 June, Anaheim, CA. 1989. EPA/600/D-89/216. PB90 134 230/AS.
ERL-COR-1022D.
Brakke, David F., Dixon H. Landers, and Joseph M. Eilers, "Chemical and physical
characteristics of lakes in the Northeastern United States." Environmental
Science and Technology 22(2):155-163. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/123. PB88 251
764/AS. ERL-C0R-731JAP.
Brinson, Mark M., "Strategies for assessing the cumulative effects of wetland
alteration on water quality." Environmental Management 12(5):655-662. 1988
Sept. E.M. Preston, project officer. EPA/600/J-88/499. PB90 186 172/AS.
ERL-C0R-868J.
Brooks, Robert P., and Robert M. Hughes, "Guidelines for monitoring the biotic
communities of mitigated wetlands." Proceedings of the National Wetland
Symposium: Mitigation of Impacts and Losses, 1988 Oct 8-10, New Orleans,
LA. 1988. EPA/600/D-88/208. PB89 119 598/AS. ERL-C0R-765D.
Burgett, Michael, "Interim Protocol for Testing the Effects of Microbial Pathogens
on the Honey Bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)." Corvallis, OR,
U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. B. Lighthart, project
officer. EPA/600/3-89/053. PB89 198 261/AS. ERL-C0R-555.
Caldwell, B.A., C. Ye, R.P. Griffiths, C.L. Moyer, and R.Y. Morita, "Plasmid
expression and maintenance during long-term starvation-survival of bacteria
in well water." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 55(8):1860-1864.
1989 Aug. Ramon Seidler, project officer. EPA/600/ J-89/243. PB90 137
050/AS. ERL-C0R-972J.
Campbell, W.G., M.R. Church, G.D. Bishop, D.C. Mortenson, and S.M. Pierson, "The
role for a Geographical Information System in a large environmental
project." International Journal of Geographical Information Systems
3(4):349-362. 1989. M. R. Church, project officer. ERL-COR-939J.
Campbell, W.G., and Mortenson, "Ensuring the quality of Geographic Information
System data: a practical application of quality control." Photogrammetric
Engineering and Remote Sensing 55(11):1613-1618. 1989 Nov. M.R. Church,
project officer. ERL-C0R-993J.
Charles, D.F. et al, (ed), "Acidic Deposition and Aquatic Ecosystems: Regional
Case Studies." Springer-Verlag. 1990. Dixon Landers, project officer.
ERL-COR-601.
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Charles, D.F., R.W. Battarbee, I. Renberg, H. van Dam, and J.P. Smol, "Paleo-
ecological Analysis of Lake Acidification Trends in North America and Europe
Using Diotoms and Chrysophytes." Chapter: S.A. Norton, S.E. Lindberg, and
A. L. Page, (eds). Soils, Aquatic Processes, and Lake Acidification, New
York, NY, Springer-Verlag. 1989. Acid Precipitation, D. Landers, project
officer. EPA/600/D-89/106. PB90 113 762/AS. ERL-C0R-977D.
Church, M.R., "Predicting the future long-term effects of acidic deposition on
surface water chemistry: The Direct/Delayed Response Project." EOS,
Transactions, American Geophysical Union 70(35):801,802,812,813. 1989 Aug
29. EPA/600/J-89/138. PB90 125 691/AS. ERL-C0R-986J.
Cline, Steven P., William G. Burkman, and Chris D. Geron, "Use of Quality Pro-
cedures for Assessing Variation in Measurement of Forest Canopy Condition."
Proceedings: The Effects of Air Pollution on Western Forests, 82nd AWMA
Annual Meeting, 1989 Jun 29-30, Anaheim, CA. 1989. EPA/600/ D-89/105.
PB90 113 770/AS. ERL-COR-1050D.
Coffey, D.S., J.C. €prenger, D.T. Tingey, G.E. Neely, and J.C. McCarty, "National
crop loss assessment network: quality assurance program." Environmental
Pollution 53:89-98. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/250. PB89 144 695/AS.
ERL-C0R-892J.
Cusimano, R.F., J.P. Baker, W.J. Warren-Hicks, V. Lesser, W.W. Taylor, M.C.
Fabrizio, O.B. Hayes, and B.P. Baldigo, "Fish communities 1n lakes 1n
subregion 2B (upper peninsula of Michigan) in relation to lake acidity Vol.
I."	Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989.
EPA/600/3-89/021 a. PB89 161 830/AS. ERL-C0R-537a.
Cusimano, R.F., J.P. Baker, W.J. Warren-Hicks, V. Lesser, W.W. Taylor, M.C.
Fabrizio, D.B. Hayes, and B.P. Baldigo, "Fish communities in lakes in
subregion 2B (upper peninsula of Michigan) in relation to lake acidity Vol.
II."	Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989.
EPA/600/3-89/02 lb. PB89 161 848/AS. ERL-C0R-537b.
Dahlgren, R.A., C.T. Driscoll, and D.C. McAvoy, "Aluminum precipitation and
dissolution rates in spodosol Bs horizons in the northeastern USA." Soil
Science Society of America Journal 53(4):1045-1052. 1989 Jul-Aug. Parker
J. Wigington, Jr., project officer. ERL-COR-1007J.
Dassel, K.A., and J.O. Rawlings, "Experimental design strategy for the Weibull
dose response model." Environmental Pollution 53:333-349. 1988. EPA/600/
J-88/248. PB89 144 992/AS. ERL-C0R-886J.
David, M.B., G.F. Vance, J.M. Rissing, and F.J. Stevenson, "Organic carbon
fractions 1n 0 and B horizon solutions from a New England spodosol: effects
of acid treatment." Journal of Environmental Quality 18(2):212-217. 1989.
P.J. Wigington, project officer. EPA/600/J-89/196. PB90 140 740.
ERL-C0R-915J.
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David, Hark B., M.J. Mitchell, D. Aldcorn, and R.B. Harrison, "Analysis of sulfur
in soil, plant and sediment materials: sample handling and use of an
automated analyzer." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 21(1):119-123. 1989.
P.J. Wigington, Jr., project officer. EPA/600/J-89/108. PB90 108 457/AS.
ERL-C0R-859JAP.
David, Mark B., and George F. Vance, "Generation of soil solution acid-
neutralizing capacity by addition of dissolved inorganic carbon." Environ-
mental Science & Technology 23(8):1021-1024. 1989. P.J. Wigington, Jr.,
project officer. ERL-C0R-968J.
DeHaan, M.S., "Cubic spline smoothing: a useful tool for cure estimation.11
Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1988.
EPA/600/D-88/082. PB88 214 796/AS. ERL-COR-476.
Devanas, M.A., and G. Stotzky, "Survival of genetically engineered microbes in
the environment: effect of host/vector relationship." Developments in
Industrial Microbiology 29:287-296. 1988. EPA/600/D-88/109. PB88 214
978/AS. ERl-COR-492.
Eilers, J.M., D.F. Brakke, D.H. Landers, and P.E. Kellar, "Characteristics of
lakes in mountainous areas of the western United States." Verh. Internat.
Verein. Limnol. Bd. 23:144-151. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/240. PB89 144 653/AS.
ERL-C0R-732JAP.
Eilers, Joseph M., David F. Brakke, and Dixon H. Landers, "Chemical and physical
characteristics of lakes in the upper midwest United States." Environmental
Science and Technology 22:164-172. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/157. PB89 119
' 408/AS. ERL-C0R-739JAP.
Eilers, Joseph M., Dixon H. Landers, and David F. Brakke, "Chemical and physical
characteristics of lakes in the southeastern United States." Environmental
Science and Technology 22:172-177. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/231. PB89 134
779/AS. ERL-C0R-737JAP.
Eshleman, K.N., "Predicting regional episodic acidification of surface waters
using empirical techniques." Water Resources Research, 1988. ERL-COR-
784JAP.
Eshleman, K.N., P.R. Kaufmann, and A.T. Herlihy, "Acid-base status of Pennsylvania
streams: Results from the National Stream Survey." Proceedings: Acid
Deposition Symposium, 1989 Sept 12, State College, PA. 1989.
EPA/600/D-89/224. PB90 134 313/AS. ERL-COR-1060D.
Eshleman, Keith N., and Harold F. Hemond, "Alkalinity and major ion budgets for
a Massachusetts reservoir and watershed." Limnology and Oceanography
33(2):174-185, Mar. 1988.
Eshleman, Keith N., and Philip R. Kaufmann, "Assessing the regional effects of
sulfur deposition on surface water chemistry: the Southern Blue Ridge."
Environmental Science and Technology 22(6):685-690. 1988. EPA/600/
J-88/245. PB89 145 064/AS. ERL-COR-801JAP.
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Fairbrother, A., S.M. Meyers, and R.S. Bennett, "Changes in mallard hen behaviors
in response to methyl parathion-induced illness of ducklings." Environ.
Tox. and Chemistry 7:499-503. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/300. PB89 202 345/AS.
ERL-COR-803J.
Fairbrother, Anne, "Control of Baculoviruses." Stotzky and Vidaver, (eds).
Classical and Molecular Methods to Assess Environmental Applications of
Microorganisms, 1988. ERL-C0R-907D.
Fairbrother, Anne, and Jewel Bennett, "Letter to the Editor: The usefulness of
cholinesterase measurements." Journal of Wildlife .Diseases 24(3):587-590.
1988. EPA/600/J-88/423. PB90 108 218/AS. ERL-C0R-889Misc.
Fairbrother, Anne, Richard S. Bennett, and Jewel K. Bennett, "Sequential sampling
of plasma cholinesterase in mallards Anas platyrhynchos as an indicator of
exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors." Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry 8:H7-122. 1989. EPA/600/J-89/106. PB90 108 259/AS. ERL-COR-
888J.
Fairbrother, Anne, and Phyllis Buchholz, "Laboratory Test Methods of Exposure by
Oral and Intravenous Routes of Microbial Pest Control Agents to Nontarget
Avian Species." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory.
1990. EPA/600/3-90/002. PB90 187 071/AS. ERL-COR-595.
Fairbrother, Anne, Morrie A. Craig, Karen Walker, and Dan O'Loughlin, "Changes in
mallard (Anas Platyrhynchos) serum chemistry due to age, sex, and repro-
ductive condition." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 26(1):67-77. 1990 Jan.
ERL-C0R-1016J.
f
Fairbrother, Anne, and Dan O'Loughlin, "Differential white blood cell values of
the mallard (Anas Platyrhynchos) across different ages and reproductive
states." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 26(1):78-82. 1990. ERL-C0R-1015J.
Floyd, R.A., M.S. West, K.L. Eneff, W.E. Hogsett, and D.T. Tingey, "Hydroxyl free
radical mediated formation of 8-hydroxyguanine in isolated DNA." Archives
of Biochemistry and Biophysics 262(1):266-272. 1988. EPA/600/ J-88/225.
PB89 144 562/AS. ERL-C0R-815J.
Floyd, R.A., M.S. West, W.E. Hogsett, and D.T. Tingey, "Increased 8-Hydroxy
Guanine content of chloroplast DNA from ozone treated plants." Plant
Physiology 91:644-647. 1989. David Tingey, project officer. ERL-C0R-
1001J.
Ford, E.D., and A.R. Kiester, "Modeling the Effects of Pollutants on Tree Growth."
Proceedings: R.K. Dixon, et al, Forest Growth: Process Modeling of Response
to Environmental Stress, 1989. A.R. Kiester, project officer.
EPA/600/D-89/202. PB90 130 600/AS. ERL-COR-1002D.
Ford, Jesse, Tom Young, and John Stoddard, "Long-Term Monitoring for Aquatic
Effects of Acidic Deposition: An Approach to Considering Regional Aspects
of Information From Existing Monitoring Sites." Proceedings: International
Cooperative Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of River and Lake
Acidification, 1989 Oct 17-19, Freiburg, F.R.G. 1989. Dixon Landers,
project officer. ERL-C0R-1124D.
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Fredrickson, J.K., and R.J. Seidler, (eds), "Evaluation of terrestrial microcosms
for detection, fate, and survival analysis of genetically engineered
microorganisms and their recombinant genetic material." Corvallis, OR, U.S.
EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. R. Seidler, project officer.
EPA/600/3-89/043. PB89 194 260/AS. ERL-COR-543.
Fredrickson, Jim, S.A. Bentjen, H. Bolton, Jr., S.W. Li, and P. Van Voris, "Fate
of Tn5 mutants of root growth-inhibiting Pseudomonas sp. in intact soil-core
microcosms." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 35:867-873. 1989. Charles
Hendricks, project officer. ERL-C0R-1112J.
Gallant, A.L., T.R. Whittier, D.P. Larsen, J.M. Omernik, and R.M. Hughes,
"Regionalization as a Tool for Managing Environmental Resources."
Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. D.P.
Larsen, project officer. EPA/600/3-89/060. Not sold by NTIS. ERL-COR-557.
Gay, Cheryl Aeschbach, "Modeling Tree Level Processes." Proceedings: Second
US/USSR Symposium on Air Pollution Effects on Vegetation, 1988 Sept,
Raleigh, NC. 1989. Roger Blair, project officer. EPA/600/D-89/164. PB90
116 633/AS. ERL-COR-526D.
Germann, P.F., "Macropores and Hydrologic Hi 11 si ope Processes." Chapter 9:
Anderson, M.G. and T.P. Buit, (eds). Process Studies in Hi 11 si ope
Hydrology, John Wiley. 1988. ERL-C0R-495D.
Greene, J.C., W.J. Warren, B.R. Parkhurst, G.L. Linder, C.L. Bartels, S.A.
Peterson, and W.E. Miller, "Protocols for Short-Term Toxicity Screening of
Hazardous Waste Sites." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research
Laboratory. 1988. EPA/600/3-88/029. PB88 235 510/AS. ERL-COR-496.
C
Greene, Joseph C., "Biological Assessment of Toxicity Caused by. Chemical Con-
stituents Eluted from Site Soils Collected at the Drake Chemical Superfund
Site Lock Haven, Clinton County, Pennsylvania." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA,
Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. ERL-COR-576.
Greene, Joseph C., William E. Miller, Mary Debacon, Michael A. Long, and Cathy L.
Bartels, "Use of Selenastrum Capricornutum to assess the toxicity potential
of surface and ground water contamination caused by chromium waste."
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 7:35-39. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/426.
PB90 108 242/AS. ERL-C0R-709J.
Griffiths, R.P., C.L. Moyer, B.A. Caldwell, C. Ye, and R.Y. Morita, "Long-term
Starvation-induced Loss of Apparent Antibiotic Resistance in Cells Con-
taining the Plasmid pSa." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research
Laboratory. 1989. R.J. Seidler, project officer. EPA/600/3-89/059. PB89
214 415/AS. ERL-COR-556.
Groeger, A., and J.S. Fletcher, "The influence of increasing chlorine content on
the accumulation and metabolism of polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs by Paul's
Scarlet Rose cells." Plant Cell Reports 7:329-332. 1988. EPA/600/
J-88/275. PB89 197 685/AS. ERL-C0R-924J.
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Hardy, Jack, and Hermann Gucinski, "Stratospheric ozone depletion: implications
for marine ecosystems." Oceanography, Nov:18-21. 1989. David Tingey,
project officer. ERL-COR-1051J.
Harker, Alan R., Ronald H. Olsen, and Ramon J. Seidler, "Phenoxyacetic acid
degradation by the 2, 4-Dichloro-phenoxyacetic acid (TFD) pathway of plasmid
pJP4: mapping and characterization of the TFD regulatory gene, tfdR."
Journal of Bacteriology 171(1):314-420. 1989. R.J. Seidler, project
officer. EPA/600/0-89/109. PB89 237 473. ERL-C0R-908J.
Harris, Larry D., "The nature of cumulative impacts on biotic diversity of wetland
vertebrates." Environmental Management 12(5):675-693. 1988 Sept. E.M.
Preston, project officer. EPA/600/J-88/501. PB90 186 156/AS.
ERL-C0R-870J.
Hazard, John W., and Beverly E. Law, "Forest Survey Methods Used in the USDA
Forest Service." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research
Laboratory. 1989. Roger Blair, project officer. EPA/600/ 3-89/065. PB89
220 594/AS. ERL-C0R-561.
Heagle, A.S., J.E. Miller, M.W. Heck, and R.P. Patterson, "Injury and yield
response of cotton to chronic doses of ozone and soil moisture deficit."
Journal of Environmental Quality 17(4):627-635. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/304.
PB89 205 124/AS. ERL-C0R-835J.
Heagle, A.S., Joanne Rebbeck, S.R. Shafer, Udo Blum, and W.W. Heck, "Effects of
long-term ozone exposure and soil moisture deficit on growth of a Ladino
clover-tall fescue pasture." Phytopathology 79(2):128-136. 1989. David
Tingey, project officer. ERL-COR-890J.
Heck, W.W., O.C. Taylor, and D.T. Tingey, (eds), "Assessment of crop loss from
air pollutants." Proceedings: International Conference on National Crop
Loss Assessment Network, 1987 Oct 25-29, Raleigh, NC. 1988. ERL-COR-515.
Heggestad, H.E., E.L. Anderson, T.J. Gish, and E.H. Lee, "Effects of ozone and
soil water deficit on roots and shoots of field grown soybeans." Environ-
mental Pollution 50:259-278. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/121. PB88 251 749/AS.
ERL-C0R-817J.
Hemond, Harold F., and Janina Benoit, "Cumulative impacts on water quality
functions of wetlands." Environmental Management 12(5):639-653. 1988 Sept.
E.M. Preston, project officer. EPA/600/J-88/498. PB90 186 180/AS.
ERL-C0R-867J.
Henderson, S., A.B. Allen, B. Abbruzzese, M.E. Kentula, and R.M. Hughes, "A method
for the selection of reference wetlands." Proceedings of the Society of
Wetland Scientists' Eighth Annual Meeting: Wetland and Riparian Ecosystems
of the American West, 1987 May 26-29, Seattle, WA. 1988.
EPA/600/D-88/254. PB89 129 043/AS. ERL-COR-823D.
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Henderson, Sandra, Richard K. Olson, and Reed F. Noss, "Current and potential
losses of biodiversity in forests of the Pacific coast states." R.K. Olsen
and A.S. Lefohn, (eds). Effects of Air Pollution on Western Forests, 1989
June, 1989. Peter Beedlow, project officer. EPA/600/D-89/213. PB90 134
206/AS. ERL-C0R-1014D.
Hendricks, Charles W., and Nanci Pascoe, "Soil microbial biomass estimates using
2450 MHz microwave irradiation." Plant and Soil 110:39-47. 1988.
EPA/600/J-88/403. PB90 103 185/AS. ERL-C0R-773J.
Hendricks, Charles W., and Albert N. Rhodes, "Effect of Chemicals on Soil
Nitrifying Populations Using a Continuous-flow Culture Technique." USEPA's
Waste Testing and Quality Assurance Symposium, 1989 July 24-28,
Washington, DC. 1989. Larry Kapustka, project officer. EPA/600/D-89/221.
PB90 134 289/AS. ERL-COR-1040D.
Hirsch, Allan, "The regulatory context for cumulative Impact research." Environ-
mental Management 12(5):715-723. 1988 Sept. E. M. Preston, project
officer. EPA/600/J-88/504. PB90 186 115/AS. ERL-C0R-873J.
Hogsett, William E., David T. Tingey, Craig Hendricks, and Deborah Rossi, "Sensi-
tivity of important western conifer species to S02 and seasonal interaction
of acid fog and ozone." Proceedings of annual meeting of Air & Waste
Management Association: Transactions: Symposium on the Effects of Air
Pollutants on Western Conifers, 1989 Jun 28-30, Anaheim, CA. 1989.
EPA/600/D-89/111. PB90 113 150/AS. ERL-C0R-1035D.
Holdren, George R., Jr., Charles I. Liff, and David L. Cassell, "Cation Exchange
Models and the Prediction of Soil Buffering Capacity." Chapter: Chemical
Modeling in Aqueous Systems II, 1989. M.R. Church, project officer.
ERL-C0R-973D.
Hughes, R.M., and D.P. Larsen, "Ecoregions: an approach to surface water pro-
tection." Journal Water Pollution Control Federation 60(4):486-493. 1988.
EPA/600/J-88/224. PB89 144 554/AS. ERL-C0R-819J.
Hughes, Robert M., "Ecoregional Biological Criteria." Proceedings: Water
Quality Standards for the 21st Century: pg 147-151. 1989 Mar, Dallas, TX.
1989. D. Landers, project officer. EPA/600/D-89/167. PB90 116 609/AS.
ERL-C0R-1027D.
Hughes, Robert M., "What Can Biological Monitoring Tell us About the Environmental
Health of Aquatic Ecosystems?" Proceedings: International Symposium on +he
Design of Water Quality Information Systems, 1989 June 7-9, Fort Collins,
CO. 1989. Jesse Ford, project officer. EPA/600/ D-89/113. PB90 113
127/AS. ERL-COR-1052D.
Jacobson, J., P. Irving, A1 Kuja, J. Lee, D. Shriner, J. Perrigan, S. Troiano,
and V. Cullinan, "A collaborative effort to model plant response to acidic
rain." Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association 38(6):777-783.
1988. J.J. Lee, project officer. ERL-C0R-922J.
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Jenne, E.A., L.E. Eary, L.W. Vail, D.C. Glrvin, A.M. Llebetrau, L.F. Hlbler, T.B.
Miley, and M.J. Monsour, "An evaluation and analysis of three dynamic
watershed acidification codes (MAGIC, ETD, and ILWAS)." CorvalUs, OR,
U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. EPA/600/3-89/045. PB89
006 388. ERL-COR-538.
Johnson, Colleen Burch, T.J. Sullivan, and D.J. Blick, "Identifying lake
populations: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Eastern Lake
Survey." Water Resources Bulletin 25(3):565-572. 1989 June. EPA/600/
J-89/137. PB90 125 683/AS. ERL-C0R-949J.
Johnston, Carol A., Naomi E. Detenbeck, John P. Bonde, and Gerald J. Niemi,
"Geographic Information Systems for cumulative impact assessment." Photo-
grammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 54(11):1609-1615. 1988 Nov. Eric
M. Preston, project officer. EPA/600/J-88/480. PB90 137 076/AS. ERL-COR-
C28J.
Kantrud, Harold A., Gary L. Krapu, and George A. Swanson, "Prairie Basin Wetlands
of the Dakotas: A Community Profile." U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service
Biological Report 85(7.28), U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. 1989 Sept. Eric
Preston, project officer. PB90 140 278/AS. ERL-COR-541.
Kapustka, Larry, Mike Bollman, and Wanda Baune, "Metals Testing Report: Metal
Content of Environmental Samples from Region 4." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA,
Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. EPA/600/3-90/015. PB90 187
105/AS. . ERL-COR-584.
Kapustka, Larry, and Greg Linder, "Hazardous Waste Site Characterization Utilizing
in situ and Laboratory Bioassessment Methods." Proceedings of Symposium:
Midwest Pollution Control Biologists Instream Biological Monitoring and
Criteria Workshop, 1989 Feb 14-17, Chicago, IL. 1989. EPA/600/D-89/215.
PB90 134 222. ERL-COR-1020D.
Kapustka, Lawrence A., "FY89 Report: Initial Performance Evaluation of Three
Bioassays Modified for Direct In Situ Testing." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA,
Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. EPA/600/3-90/021. PB90 181
363/AS. ERL-C0R-597.
Kaufmann, P., A. Herlihy, M. Mitch, A. Kinney, S. Christie, D. Brown, J. El wood,
M. Sale, H. Jager, K. Cougan, D. Peck, C. Hagley, S. Overton, J. Messer,
and K. Reckhow, "Vol. I: Population descriptions & physico-chemical
relationships." Chemical characteristics of streams in the mid-Atlantic and
southeastern United States, 1988. EPA/600/3-88/021a. PB89 119 606/AS.
ERL-COR-482.
Kaufmann, P., A. Herlihy, M. Mitch, A. Kinney, S. Christie, D. Brown, J. Elwood,
M. Sale, H. Jager, K. Cougan, D. Peck, C. Hagley, S. Overton, J. Messer,
and K. Reckhow, "Vol. II: Streams sampled, descriptive statistics, &
compendium of physical and chemical data." Chemical Characteristics of
Streams in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States, 1988.
EPA/600/3-88/02 lb. PB89 119 614/AS. ERL-C0R-482b.
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Kendall, Ronald J., Larry W. Brewer, Thomas E. Lacher, Brad T. Harden, and Michael
L. Whitten, "The Use of Starling Nest Boxes for Field Reproductive Studies:
Provisional Guidance Document and Technical Support Document." Corvallis,
OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. R.S. Bennett,
project officer. EPA/600/8-89/056. PB89 195 028/AS. ERL-COR-545.
Kentula, Mary E., "Wetland mitigation: research opportunities and needs." Country
in the City: Managing natural resources 1n the urban environment, 1988
Feb, Portland, OR. 1988. ERL-C0R-940D.
Kentula, Mary E., "Wetland Creation and Restoration: EPA's Research Program and
Investigation of an Extensive Sampling Approach to Comparing Created and
Natural Wetlands." Proceedings: First Annual Meeting of the Society for
Ecological Restoration and Management, 1989, Oakland, CA. 1989. E.M.
Preston, project officer. EPA/600/D-89/114. PB90 113 119/AS. ERL-COR-
1054D.
Kiester, A. Ross, "Future Challenges for Air Pollution and Forest Ecosystem
Research in1 the West." Proceedings: Effect of Air Pollution on Western
Forests, 1989 Jun, Anaheim, CA. APCA. 1989. R. Blair, project officer.
EPA/600/D-89/219. PB90 134 263/AS. ERL-C0R-1026D.
Kiester, A. Ross, "Process modeling of tree and forest growth: Current
perspectives and future needs." Symposium Vol.: R.K. Dixon et al., Forest
Growth: Process Modeling of Response to Environmental Stress, 1989. Roger
Blair, project officer. EPA/600/D-89/212. PB90 134 198/AS. ERL-COR-1005D.
King, D.A., A.S.-Heagle, and R.B. Flagler, "Evaluation of an ozone x moisture
» stress interaction model for soybean." Ecological Modelling 41:269-279'.
1988. EPA/600/J-88/257. PB89 143 754/AS. ERL-C0R-704J.
King, David A., "Modeling the impact of ozone and drought interactions on regional
crop yields." Environmental Pollution 53:351-364. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/221.
PB89 144 505/AS. ERL-C0R-836J.
King, George A., "Climate-Biosphere Interactions Scope of Work." Corvallis, OR,
U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. P.A. Beedlow, project
officer. EPA/600/3-89/054. PB90 106 444/AS. ERL-COR-559.
Klopatek, Jeffrey M., "Some thoughts on using a landscape framework to address
cumulative impacts on wetland food chain support." Environmental Management
12(5):703-711. 1988 Sept. E.M. Preston, project officer. EPA/600/
J-88/503. PB90 186 131/AS. ERL-COR-872J.
Knudsen, Guy R., Michael V. Walter, L. Arlene Porteous, Valerie J. Prince, John
L. Armstrong, and Ramon J. Seidler, "Predictive model of conjugative plasmid
transfer in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere." Applied and Environmental
Microbiology 54(2):343-347. 1988. ERL-C0R-779J.
Kohut, R.J., R.G. Amundson, and J.A. Laurence, "Effects of ozone and sulfur
dioxide on yield of red clover and timothy." Journal of Environmental
Quality 17(4):580-585. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/400. PB90 100 611/AS.
ERL-C0R-688J.
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Kohut, R.J., J.A. Laurence, and L.J. Colavito, "The influence of ozone exposure
dynamics on the growth and yield of kidney bean." Environmental Pollution
53:79-88. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/247. PB89 145 015/AS. ERL-COR-884J.
Krug, W.R., W.A. Gebert, D.J. Graczyk, 0. Stevens, B.P. Rochelle, and M.R. Church,
"Runoff Map for the Northeastern, Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic United
States for Water Years 1951-80." 1988. ERL-COR-472.
Kusler, Jon, and Mary E. Kentula, (eds), "Wetland Creation and Restoration: The
Status of the Science." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research
Laboratory. 1989. Eric M. Preston, project officer. EPA/600/3-89/ 038a,b.
PB90 149 758/AS(038A), PB90 149 766/AS (038B). ERL-COR-542.
Kusler, Jon A., Millicent Quammen, and Gall Brooks, (eds), "Mitigation of Impacts
and Losses." Proceedings of the National Wetland Symposium, 1988.
EPA/600/9-88/014. PB88 223 797/AS. ERL-COR-457.
Lackey, Robert T., "Environmental Research Laboratory--Corvallis." Laboratories
of the United States, Published by American Fisheries Society. 1989.
EPA/600/D-89/222. PB90 134 297/AS. ERL-C0R-1043D.
Lammers, D.A., and M.G. Johnson, "Soil Mapping Concepts for Environmental
Assessment." Special Publication: 1989 Oct 16-19, Las Vegas, NV. Soil
Science Society of America. 1990. M.R. Church, project officer. ERL-COR-
11130.
Landers, D.H., J.M. Eilers, D.F. Brakke, and P.E. Kellar, "Characteristics of
acidic lakes in the eastern United States." Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol.
Bd. 23:152-162. 1988. EPA/600/J,*88/232. PB89 144 646/AS. ERL-C0R-734JAP,
Landers, Dixon H., W. Scott Overton, Rick A. Linthurst, and Dav.id F. Brakke,
"Eastern lake survey: regional estimates of lake chemistry." Environmental
Science and Technology 22:128-135. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/241. PB89 144 661.
ERL-C0R-730JAP.
Larsen, David P., Daniel R. Dudley, and Robert M. Hughes, "An approach for
assessing attainable water quality: Ohio as a case study." Journal of Soil
and Water Conservation, 1988. EPA/600/J-88/401. PB90 100 626/AS.
ERL-C0R-681J.
Lee, E. Henry, David T. Tingey, and W.E. Hogsett, "Evaluation of ozone exposure
indices in exposure-response modeling." Journal of Environmental Pollution
53:43-62. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/244. PB89 145 049/AS. ERL-C0R-798J.
Lee, E. Henry, D.T. Tingey, and W.E. Hogsett, "Evaluation of ozone exposure
indices for relating exposure to plant production and for estimating
agricultural losses." 1988. EPA/600/3-88/039. PB89 118 350/AS. ERL-COR-
518.
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Lee, E. Henry, D.T. Tingey, and W.E. Hogsett, "Interrelation of Experimental
Exposure and Ambient Air Quality Data for Comparison of Ozone Exposure
Indices and Estimating Agricultural Losses." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA,
Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. D. Tingey, project officer.
EPA/600/3-89/047. PB89 195 036/AS. ERL-COR-546.
Lee, J.J., D.A. Lammers, D. Stevens, K. Thornton, and K. Wheeler, "Classifying
soils for acidic deposition aquatic effects: A scheme for the northeast
U.S." Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53:1153-1162. 1989. EPA/600/J-89/135. PB90
125 667/AS. ERL-C0R-935J.
Lee, Jeffrey, Duane Lammers, Hark Johnson, Robbins Church, Donald Stevens, Deborah
Coffey, Robert Turner, Louis Blume, Leon Llegel, and Richard Holdren,
"Watershed surveys to support an assessment of the regional effects of
acidic deposition on surface water chemistry." Environmental Management
13(1): 95-108. 1989. M.R. Church, project officer. EPA/600/ J-89/107.
PB90 108 473/AS. ERL-C0R-854JAP.
Lee, Jeffrey, David Marmorek, Kent Thornton, Donald Stevens, and Duane Lammers,
(compilers), "Direct/Delayed Response Project: Definition of sampling
classes and selection of sampling sites for the northeast." Corvallis, OR,
U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. M.R. Church, project
officer. EPA/600/3-89/041. PB89 198 246/AS. ERL-COR-357/AP.
Lee, Lyndon C., and James G. Gosselink, "Cumulative impacts on wetlands: linking
scientific assessments and regulatory alternatives." Environmental Manage-
ment 12(5):591-602. 1988 Sept. E.M. Preston, project officer. EPA/600/
J-88/494. PB90 186 222/AS. ERL-C0R-863J.
*
Lefohn, A.S., H.P. Knudsen, and L.R. McEvoy, "The use of kriging to estimate
monthly ozone exposure parameters for the southeastern United States."
Environmental Pollution 53:27-42. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/249. PB89 145
007/AS. ERL-C0R-887J.
Lefohn, Allen S., J.A. Laurence, and R.J. Kohut, "A comparison of indices that
describe the relationship between exposure to ozone and reduction in the
yield of agricultural crops." Atmospheric Environment 22(6):1229-1240.
1988. David Tingey, project officer. ERL-C0R-1092J.
Lesser, V.M., J.O. Rawlings, S.E. Sprull1, and M.C. Somervllle, "Ozone effects on
agricultural crop: statistical methodologies and estimated dose-response
relationships." Crop Science 30:148-155. 1990 Jan-Feb. D. T. Tingey,
project officer. ERL-C0R-991J.
Liegel, Leon H., and Delbert Thompson, "Poster displays for scientific meetings."
Journal Agronomic Education 18(2):69-75. 1989. M. Robbins Church, project
officer. EPA/600/J-89/197. PB90 140 724. ERL-C0R-932J.
Lighthart, Bruce, "Some changes 1n gut bacterial flora of field-grown Peridroma
saucla Lepidoptera: Noctuidae when brought into the laboratory." Applied
and Environmental Microbiology 54(7):1896-1898. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/398.
PB90 100 595/AS. ERL-C0R-654J.
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Lighthart, Bruce, and Jinwon Kim, "Report on Dispersal of BCAs Released to the
Atmosphere (Simulation of airborne microbial droplet transport)."
Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989.
EPA/600/3-89/077. PB90 117 003/AS. ERL-COR-569.
Lighthart, Bruce, and Jinwon Kim, "Simulation of airborne microbial droplet
transport." Journal of Applied Environmental Microbiology 55(9): 2349-2355.
1989. EPA/600/J-89/200. PB90 140 757. ERL-C0R-1003J.
Lighthart, Bruce, David Sewall, and David R. Thomas, "Effect of several stress
factors on the susceptibility of the predatory mite, Metaseiulus
occidental is Acari: Phytoseiidae, to the weak bacterial pathogen Serratia
marcescens." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 52:33-42. 1988.
ERL-C0R-818J.
Linder, Greg, Janet Barbitta, and Ty Kwaiser, "Short-term Amphibian Toxicity Tests
and Paraquat Toxicity Assessment." Proceedings: ASTM Thirteenth Aquatic
Toxicology and Risk Assessment Symposium, 1989 Apr, Atlanta, GA. 1989. L.
Kapustka, project officer. EPA/600/D-89/223. PB90 134 305/AS. ERL-COR-
1048D.
Linder, Greg, Michael Bollman, Wanda Baune, Kevin DeWhitt, Jennifer Miller, Julius
Nwosu, Sheila Smith, David Wilborn, Cathy Bartels, Joseph Green, and
Lawrence A. Kapustka, "Toxicity Evaluations for Hazardous Waste Sites: An
Ecological Assessment Perspective." Fifth Annual Waste Testing and Quality
Assurance Symposium, 1989 July 24-28, Washington, DC. 1989. L.A. Kapustka,
project officer. EPA/600/D-89/220. PB90 134 271/AS. ERL-COR-1037D.
Linder, Greg, Joseph Greene, Hilman Ratsch, Julius Nwosu, Sheila Smith, and David
Wilborn, "Seed Germination and Root Elongation Toxicity Tests in Hazardous
Waste Site Evaluation: Methods Development and Applications." First
Symposium on Use of Plants in Toxicity Assessment, 1989, Apr 16-21,
Atlanta, GA. 1989. L. Kapustka, project officer. EPA/600/D-89/109. PB90
113 184/AS. ERL-C0R-1038D.
Lindow, S.E., G.R. Knudsen, R.J. Seidler, M.V. Walter, V.W. Lambou, P.S. Amy, D.
Schmedding, V. Prince, and S. Hern, "Aerial dispersal and epiphytic survival
of Pseudomonas syringae during a pretest for the release of genetically
engineered strains Into the environment." Applied and Environmental
Microbiology 54(6):1557-1563. 1988. ERL-C0R-846J.
Lindstrom, F.T., D.E. Cawlfield, and L. Boersma, "CTSPAC: mathematical model for
coupled transport of water, solutes, and heat in the soil-piant-atmosphere
continuum: Vol. 1." Mathematical theory and transport concepts, 1988.
EPA/600/3-88/030. PB88 238 316/AS. ERL-C0R-505.
Loftis, J.C., R.C. Ward, R.D. Phillips, and C.H. Taylor, "An Evaluation of Trend
Detection Techniques for Use in Water Quality Monitoring Programs."
Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. D.H.
Landers, project officer. EPA/300/3-89/037. PB90 100 058. ERL-COR-548.
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Marmorek, David R., D.P. Bernard, M.L. Jones, L.P. Rattie, and T.J. Sullivan, "The
effects of mineral acid deposition on concentrations of dissolved organic
acids in surface waters." 1988. EPA/600/3-88/022. PB88 235 528/AS.
ERL-COR-500AP.
Marx, Donald et al., "Southern forest atlas project—atmospheric deposition,
weather, soils, tree distribution, and pest-fire." Printed and distributed
by USDA FS. 1988. ERL-COR-920Atlas.
Mc Farlane, C., T. Pfleeger, and J. Fletcher, "Closed Chambers for Plant Studies
of Chemical Uptake, Accumulation and Phytotoxicity." Proceedings: Environ-
mental Research With Plants in Closed Chambers, 1989 Oct 9-11, Munich,
FRG. 1990. ERL-C0R-1099D.
Mc Farlane, Craig, "Research on Fate and Effects of Toxic Chemicals in Terrestrial
Plants at EPA Corvallis Environmental Research Laboratory." Proceedings:
Human Exposure ot Chemicals, 1988 Dec 12-13, Toronto, Canada. Institute for
Environmental Studies. 1989. EPA/600/D-89/201. PB90 131 079/AS.
ERL-C0R-998D.
Mc Farlane, Craig, "Uptake of organic contaminants by plants." Proceedings:
EPA/ORNL Workshop on risk assessment for municipal waste combustion:
Deposition, food chain Impacts, uncertainty and research needs, 1989.
ERL-COR-1057D.
McLaughlin, S.B., D.J. Dowing, T.J. Biasing, B.L. Jackson, D.J. Pack, D.N.
Dirvick, L.K. Mann, and T.W. Doyle, "FORAST DATABASE DOCUMENTATION
(Computer Tape)." 1988. EPA/600/3-87/029b. PB88 223 631/AS
(EPA/DF/MT-88/ 054). ERL-C0R-380APb.
McLaughlin, S.B., D.J. Dowing, T.J. Biasing, B.L. Jackson, D.J. Pack, D.N.
Dirvick, L.K. Mann, and T.W. Doyle, "FORAST DATABASE DOCUMENTATION." 1988.
EPA/600/3-87/029a. PB88 223 649/AS, (EPA/DF/MT-88/054a). ERL-COR-380APa.
Meehan, Rosa, and Jon R. Nickles, "Oil development in northern Alaska--a guide to
the effects of gravel placement on wetlands and waterbirds." 1988.
EPA/600/3-88/024. PB88 224 407/AS. ERL-C0R-501.
Messer, J.J., C.W. Ariss, J.R. Baker, S.E. Drouse, K.N. Eshleman, A.J. Kinney,
W.S. Overton, M.J. Sale, and R.D. Schonbrod, "Stream chemistry in the
southern Blue Ridge: feasibility of a regional synoptic sampling approach."
Water Resources Bulletin 24(4):821-829. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/ 417. PB90 108
309/AS. ERL-COR-776JAP.
Mexal, J.G., and Robert K. Dixon, "Reforestation and Seedling Symbionts."
Proceedings: National Reforestation Workshop, 1990 Jun, Madurai, Tamil
Nadu, India. 1990. ERL-C0R-1120D.
Miller, D.L., P.M. Leonard, R.M. Hughes, J.R. Karr, P.B. Moyle, L.H. Schrader,
B.A. Thompson, R.A. Daniels, K.D. Fausch, G.A. Fitzhugh, J.R. Gammon, D.B.
Halliwell, P.L. Angermeier, and D.J. Orth, "Regional applications of an
index of biotic integrity for use in water resource management." Fisheries
13(5):12-20. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/303. PB89 202 378/AS.. ERL-C0R-827J.
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Miller, J.E., A.S. Heagle, S.F. Vozzo, R.B. Philbeck, and W.W. Heck, "Effects of
ozone and water stress, separately and in combination, on soybean yield."
Journal of Environmental Quality 18:330-336. 1989. David T. Tingey,
project officer. EPA/600/J-89/118. PB90 106 303/AS. ERL-COR-950J.
Miller, J., and B. Lighthart, "Interim Protocol for Testing- the Effects of
Microbial Pathogens on Lepidopterans." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environ-
mental Research Laboratory. 1989. B. Lighthart, project officer.
EPA/600/3-89/069. PB89 233 456/AS. ERL-COR-563.
Miller, J.E., R.P. Patterson, A.S. Heagle, W.A. Pursley, and W.W. Heck, "Growth
of cotton under chronic ozone stress at two levels of soil moisture."
Journal of Environmental Quality 17(4):635-643. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/305.
PB89 202 386/AS. ERL-COR-903J.
Miller, Jeffrey M., and Lew Ladd, "AIRSILVA: A Model of Mixed Conifer Forest
Response to Multiple Stress." Transactions: Multiresource Management of
Ponderosa Pine Forests, 1989 Nov 14-16, Flagstaff, AZ. 1989. Roger Blair,
project officer. ERL-COR-1078D.
&
Miller, S.L., D.M. Durall, and P.T. Rygiewicz, "Temporal allocation of 14C to
extramatrical hyphae of ectomycorrhizal Pondersona pine seedlings." Tree
Physiology 5:239-249. 1989. EPA/600/J-89/113. PB90 108 424/AS. ERL-COR-
931J.
Morita, R.Y., "Survival and Recovery of Microorganisms from Environmental
Samples." EPA Methods Manual on GEM Releases, 1989. R. Seidler, project
officer. EPA/600/D-89/199. PB90 132 945/AS. ERL-COR-975D.
Mortenson, D.C., "Geographic Information System Documentation of Watershed Data
for Direct/Delayed Response Project." 1989. M.R. Church, project officer.
EPA/600/3-89/001. PB89 222 483. ERL-C0R-519.
Mortenson, D.C., "Geographic Information System Documentation of Watershed Data
for Direct/Delayed Response Project (Project Summary)." 1989. M. R.
Church, project officer. EPA/600/S-89/001. ERL-C0R-519S.
Mortenson, D.C., "Geographic Information System Documentation of Watershed Data
for Direct/Delayed Response Project—Southern Blue Ridge Province Database."
1989. M.R. Church, project officer. EPA/600/3-89/002. PB89 219 539.
ERL-COR-535.
Mortenson, D.C., "Geographic Information System Documentation of Watershed Data
for Direct/Delayed Response Project--Southern Blue Ridge Province Database
(Project Summary)." 1989. M.R. Church, project officer. EPA/600/S-89/002.
ERL-C0R-535S.
Muir, Patricia S., and Margi Bohm, "Cloud Chemistry and Occurrence in the Western
United States: A Synopsis of Current Information." Proceedings: APCA
Annual Meeting, 1989 Jun, Anaheim, CA. 1989. Roger Blair, project
officer. EPA/600/D-89/217. PB90 134 248/AS. ERL-C0R-1023D.
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Murali, N.S., Alan H. Teramura, and Stephen K. Randall, "Response differences
between two soybean cultivars with contrasting UV-B radiation sensi-
tivities." Photochemistry and Photobiology 48{5):653-657. 1988. R.T.
Lackey, project officer. EPA/600/J-88/418. PB90 108 291/AS. ERL-COR-927J.
Murdoch, Peter S., "Chemical Budgets and Stream-Chemistry Dynamics of a Headwater
Stream in the Catskill Mountains of New York, October 1, 1983 through
September 30, 1985." Water Resources Investigations Report 88-4035:
Albany, NY, U.S. Geological Survey. 1988. P.J. Wigington, project officer.
ERL-COR-564.
Murphy, Thomas A., and Lawrence Kapustka, "Capabilities and Limitations of
Approaches to in situ Ecological Evaluation." Proceedings: First Symposium
of Biological Hazards of Environmental Pollutants, 1989. EPA/600/D-89/165.
PB90 116 625/AS. ERL-C0R-990D.
NAPA? Forest Response Program Ecological quality assurance workshop, 1988.
EPA/600/9-88/020. PB89 118 699/AS. ERL-COR-512.
Nebeker, Alan V., William L. Griffis, Claudia M. Wise, Elmina Hopkins, and Janet
A. Barbitta, "Survival, reproduction and bioconcentration in invertebrates
and fish exposed to hexachlorobenzene." Environmental Toxicology and
Chemistry 8:601-611. 1989. EPA/600/J-89/151. PB90 125 790/AS. ERL-COR-
839J.
Nebeker, Alan V., and Clifford E. Miller, "Use of the amphipod crustacean hyalella
azteca in freshwater and estuarine sediment toxicity tests." Environmental
Toxicology and Chemistry 7:1027-1033. 1988. EPA/600/ J-88/299. PB89 202
337/AS. ERL-C0R-799J.
Nebeker, Alan V., Samual T. Onjukka, and Michael A. Cairns, "Chronic effects of
contaminated sediment on Daphnia magna and Chironomus tentans." Bulletin
of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 41:574-581. 1988. EPA/600/
J-88/242. PB89 145 023/AS. ERL-C0R-582J.
Nebeker, Alan V., Gerald S. Schuytema, William L. Griffis, Janet A. Barbitta, and
Lori A. Carey, "Effect of sediment organic carbon on survival of Hyalella
Azteca exposed to DDT and Endrin." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
8:705-718. 1989. EPA/600/J-89/117. PB90 106 311/AS. ERL-C0R-925J.
Nebeker, Alan V., G.S. Schuytema, W.L. Griffis, J.A. Barbitta, and L.A. Carey,
"Effect of sediment organic carbon on survival of Hyalella Azteca exposed
to DDT and ENDRIN." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 8:705-718.
1989. EPA/600/J-89/117. PB90 106 311/AS. ERL-COR-925J.
Neilson, Ronald P., George A. King, James Lenihan, and Robert L. DeVelice, "The
Annual Course of Precipitation over Much of the United States—Observed
Versus GCM Simulation." Proceedings: PACLIM (Pacific Climate) Workshop,
1989 Mar, Pacific Grove, CA. 1990. Peter Beedlow, project officer.
ERL-COR-1122D.
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Neilson, Ron, George King, Robert DeVelice, James Lenlhan, Danny Marks, Jayne
Dolph, Bill Campbell, and Gail Glick, "Sensitivities of Ecological
Landscapes and Regions to Global Climate Change." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA,
Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. Peter A. Beedlow, project
officer. EPA/600/3-89/073. PB90 120 072/AS. ERL-C0R-571.
Neufeld, H.S., D.M. Durall, P.M. Rich, and D.T. Tingey, "A rootbox for quanti-
tative observations on intact entire root systems." Plant and Soil
117:295-298. 1989. James McCarty, project officer. EPA/600/J-89/198.
PB90 138 439. ERL-COR-954J.
Nix, Joe F., K.W. Thornton, D.E. Ford, and J. Malcolm, "Storm event sampling of
two low alkalinity southwestern Arkansas streams." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA,
Environmental Research Laboratory. 1988. EPA/600/3-88/023. PB88 225
107/AS. ERL-C0R-499D.
Noss, Reed F., "Issues of Scale in Conservation Biology." Book Chapter: Peggy
Fiedler and Subodh K. Jain, (eds). Conservation Biology: The Theory and
Practice of Mature Conservation, Preservation and Management, Chapman and
Hall. 1990. Reed Noss, project officer. ERL-COR-1090D.
O'Brien, Arnold L., "Evaluating the cumulative effects of alteration on New
England wetlands." Environmental Management 12(5).*627-636. 1988 Sept. E.
M. Preston, project officer. EPA/600/J-88/497. PB90 186 198/AS. ERL-COR-
1082J.
Olem, Harvey, and Paul M. Berthouex, "Acidic deposition and cistern drinking water
supplies." Environmental Science and Technology 23(3}:333-340. 1989. C.
. Powers, project officer. EPA/6p0/J-89/104. PB90 108 275/AS. ERL-C0R-
753JAP.
Olson, Richard, and Allen S. Lefohn, "Transactions of the Air and Waste Management
Association: Effects of Air Pollution on Western Forests." Symposium
Volume: AWMA Transaction Series, 1989. EPA/600/D-89/195. PB90 131 111/AS.
ERL-C0R-1056D.
Omernik, James M., and Alisa L. Gallant, "Defining Regions for Evaluating Environ-
mental Resources." Proceedings: International Conference on Global
Natural Resource Monitoring and Assessment, 1989 Sept 24-29, Venice,
Italy. 1989. EPA/600/D-89/265. PB90 132 416/AS. ERL-COR-1077D.
Omernik, James M., and Alisa M. Gallant, "Ecoregions of the upper midwest states."
Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1988. EPA/600/
3-88/037. PB89 138 440/AS. ERL-COR-943MAP.
Omernik, James M., and Alisa Gallant, "GIS Map of Ecological Sub-region of
Colorado and Its Description." Map: Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental
Research Laboratory. 1988. Not in NTIS. ERL-C0R-966MAP.
Omernik, James M., Christina M. Rohm, Sharon E. Clarke, and David P. Larsen,
"Summer total phosphorus in lakes: a map of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and
Michigan." Environmental Management 12(6):815-825. 1988. EPA/600/
J-88/419. PB90 108 283/AS. ERL-C0R-851J.
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Peterson, C.E., K.G. Mattson, and R.A. Mickler, "Seedling Response to Sulfur,
Nitrogen, and Associated Pollutants." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environ-
mental Research Laboratory. 1989. R. Blair, project officer. EPA/600/
3-89/081. PB90 148 875/AS. ERL-COR-581.
Peterson, Charles E., "Statistical Issues for Seedling Studies in Air Pollution
Research." Paper: 15th International Meeting for Specialists in Air
Pollution Effects on Forest Ecosystems: Air Pollution and Forest Declinerpp.
496-498. 1988 Oct 2-8, Birmensdorf, Interlaken, Switzerland. 1988. R.
Blair, project officer. EPA/600/D-89/110. PB90 113 143/AS. ERL-C0R-953D.
Peterson, Charles, and Linda S. Heath, "The Influence of Climatic Change on Forest
Growth Response to Nutrient Amendments." 1989 Sept 18-21, Frieburg,
Germany. 1989. EPA/600/D-89/225. PB90 134 321/AS. ERL-COR-1061D.
Phillips, Donald L., "Scope of Work—Effects of Global Climate Change on Agro-
ecosystems." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory.
1989. EPA/600/3-89/076. PB90 120 023/AS. ERL-COR-566.
Pollack, Alison K., and Jesse Ford, "The TIME Project: An Overview." Proceedings:
International Symposium on Design of Water Quality Information Systems, 1989
Jun 6-9, Fort Collins, CO. 1989. EPA/600/D-89/248. PB90 129 313. ERL-COR-
1075D.
Preston, E.M., and B.L. Bedford, "Evaluating cumulative effects on wetland
functions: a conceptual overview and generic framework." Environmental
Management 12(5):565-584. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/492. PB90 186 248/AS.
ERL-COR-861J.
I
Preston, Eric M., and Barbara L. Bedford, "Evaluating cumulative effects on
wetland functions: A conceptual overview and generic framework."
Environmental Management 12(5):565-583. 1988 Sept. E.M. Preston, project
officer. ERL-C0R-861J.
Preston, Eric M., and David T. Tingey, "The NCLAN program for crop loss assess-
ment." Assessment of Crop Loss from Air Pollutants, 1988. EPA/600/J-88/
420. PB90 108 200/AS. ERL-C0R-855J.
Rafii, Fatemeh, and Don L. Crawford, "Transfer of conjugative plasmids and mobili-
zation of a nonconjugative plasmid between streptomyces strains on agar and
in soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54(6): 1334-1340. 1988.
E PA/600/J-88/422. PB90 108 184/AS. ERL-C0R-882J.
Rappaport, L., "Rapid assays of plant responses to herbicide treatment." 1988.
36 pp. EPA/600/3-88/005. PB88 158 050. ERL-COR-257.
Rawlings, J.O., V.M. Lesser, A.S. Heagle, and W.W. Heck, "Alternative ozone dose
metrics to characterize ozone impact on crop yield loss." Journal of
Environmental Quality 17(2):285-291. 1988. ERL-COR-904J.
Reams, Gregory A., and Richard K. Olson, "Regional Growth Trends of Three Western
Conifers as Related to Ozone." 1989. EPA/600/D-89/214. PB90 134 214.
ERL-COR-1019D.
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Rebbeck, Joanne, U. Blum, and Allen S. Heagle, "Effects of ozone on the regrowth
and energy reserves of a Ladino clover-tall fescue pasture." Journal of
Applied Ecology 25:659-681. 1988. David T. Tingey, project officer.
ERL-COR-1115J.
Reckhow, Kenneth H., "A comparison of robust Bayes and classical estimators for
regional lake models of fish response to acidification." Water Resources
Research 24(7):1061-1068. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/433. PB90 125 873/AS.
ERL-C0R-791JAP.
Rhodes, Albert N., and Charles U. Hendricks, "A continuous-flow method for
measuring effects of chemicals on soil nitrification." Toxicity Assessment
5(1):77-89. 1990 Jan. ERL-C0R-962J.
Risser, Paul G., "General concepts for measuring cumulative impacts on wetland
ecosystems." Environmental Management 12(5):585-589. 1988 Sept. E.M.
Preston, project officer. EPA/600/J-88/493. PB90 186 230/AS.
ERL-C0R-862J.
Rochelle, Barry P., M. Robbins Church, Warren A. Gebert, David J. Graczyk, and
William R. Krug, "Relationship between annual runoff and watershed area for
the Eastern United States." Water Resources Bulletin 24(1):35-41. 1988
Feb. M.R. Church, project officer. EPA/600/J-88/424. PB90 108 226/AS.
ERL-C0R-762JAP.
Rochelle, Barry P. , Charles I. Liff, William G. Campbell, David L. Cassell, M.
Robbins Church, and Rick A. Nusz, "Regional relationships between
geomorphic/hydrologic parameters and surface water chemistry relative to
acidic deposition." Journal of Hydrology 112:103-120. 1989. M.R. Church,
project officer. ERL-C0R-983J.
Rochelle, Barry P., Donald L. Stevens, Jr., and M. Robbins Church, "Uncertainty
analysis of runoff estimates from a runoff contour map." Water Resources
Bulletin 25(3):491-498. 1989 Jun. M.R. Church, project officer. EPA/600/
J-89/134. PB90 125 659/AS. ERL-C0R-898J.
Rygiewicz, P.T., S.L. Miller, and D.M. Durall, "A root-mycocosm for growing
ectomycorrhizal hyphae apart from host roots while maintaining symbiotic
integrity." Plant and Soil 109:281-284. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/233. PB89
142 715/AS. ERL-C0R-772J.
Rygiewicz, Paul T., and John L. Armstrong, "Ectomycorrhizal DNA: Isolation, RFLPs,
and Probe Hybridization." Book Chapter: Experiments with Mycorrhizae,
London, England, Academic Press, Inc. 1990. ERL-COR-1118D.
Schowalter, 7.D., "Interim Protocol for Testing the Effects of Microbial Pathogens
on Litter Microarthropods." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research
Laboratory. 1989. Bruce Lighthart, project officer. EPA/600/3-89/075.
PB90 120 031/AS. ERL-COR-565.
Schroeder, Paul, and Ross Kiester, "National research on forest decline and air
pollution: The Forest Response Program." Journal of Forestry 87(1): 27-32.
1989 Jan. R. Blair, project officer. ERL-COR-902J.
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Schuytema, Gerald S., Daniel F. Krawczyk, William L. Griffis, Alan V. Nebeker,
Merline L. Robideaux, Bruce J. Brownawell, and John C. Westall, "Comparative
uptake of hexachlorobenzene by fathead minnows, amphipods and oligochaete
worms from water and sediment." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
7:1035-1045. 1988. ERL-C0R-829J.
Schuytema, Gerald S., Daniel F. Krawczyk, William L. Griffis, Alan V. Nebeker,
and Merline L. Robideaux, "Hexachlorobenzene uptake by fathead minnows and
macro invertebrates for recirculating sediment/water systems." Archives of
Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 19:1-9. 1990. G.S. Schuytema,
project officer. ERL-COR-901J.
Schuytema, Gerald S., Alan V. Nebeker, William L. Griffis, and Clifford E. Miller,
"Effects of freezing on toxicity of sediments contaminated with DDT and
endrin." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 8:883-891. 1989.
EPA/600/J-89/199. PB90 138 462. ERL-COR-960J.
Seidler, Ray J., and Stephen Hern, "Special report: release of ice minus recom-
binant bacteria." 1988. EPA/600/3-88/060. PB89 138 465/AS. ERL-C0R-473.
Sewall, David K., and Bruce Lighthart, "Standard practice for conducting fungal
pathogenicity tests on the predatory mite, Metaseiulus occidental is
(Arcarina: Phytoseiidae)." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research
Laboratory. 1988. EPA/600/3-89/046. PB89 198 295/AS. ERL-COR-525.
Shaffer, Paul W., and M. Robbins Church, "Terrestrial and in-lake contributions
to alkalinity budgets of drainage lakes: an assessment of regional differ-
ences." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 46(2):509-515.
1989. M. Church, project officer. EPA/600/J-89/111. PB90 108 440/AS.
ERL-C0R-788JAP.
Shaffer, Paul W., Richard P. Hooper, K.N. Eshleman, and M.R. Church, "Watershed
versus in-lake alkalinity generation: a comparison of rates using input-
output studies." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 39:263-273. 1988.
EPA/600/J-88/402. PB90 100 637/AS. ERL-C0R-760JAP.
Shirazi, Mostafa A., R. S. Bennett, and L. C. Lowrie, "An approach to environ-
mental risk assessment using avian toxicity tests." Archives of Environ-
mental Contamination and Toxicology 26:263-271. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/258.
PB89 143 747/AS. ERL-COR-706J.
Shirazi, Mostafa A., L. Boersma, and J.W. Hart, "A unifying quantitative analysis
on soil texture: improvement of precision and extension of scale." Soil
Science Society of America 52(1)-.181-190. 1988. EPA/600/ J-88/081. PB88
249 875/AS. ERL-COR-670J.
Shirazi, Mostafa A., and LeVaughn Lowrie, "An approach for integration of toxi-
cological data." Special Technical Publication 971 1988, American Society
for Testing and Materials. 1988. EPA/600/D-88/253. PB89 129 472/AS.
ERL-C0R-635D.
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Shirazi, Mostafa A., and LeVaughn Lowrie, "Comparative toxicity based on similar
asymptotic endpoints." Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxi-
cology 17:273-280. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/243. PB89 145 031/AS. ERL-COR-
726J.
Siegel, Donald I., "Evaluating cumulative effects of disturbance on the hydrologic
function of bogs, fens, and mires." Environmental Management 12(5):621-626.
1988 Sept. E.M. Preston, project officer. EPA/J-88/496. PB90 186 206/AS.
ERL-C0R-865J.
Sommerville, M.C., S.E. Spruill, J.O. Rawling, and V.M. Lesser, "Impact of Ozone
and Sulfur Dioxide on the Yield of Agricultural Crops." Technical Bulletin
292, North Carolina State Research Service. 1989. David T. Tingey,
project officer. ERL-COR-591.
Spruill, S.E., V.M. Lesser, M.C. Somerville, and J.O. Rawlings, "Methods used for
managing and analyzing the data stored in the NCLAN data library."
Environmental Pollution 53:462-465. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/274. PB89 197
719/AS. ERL-C0R-947J.
Stakhiv, Eugene Z., "An evaluation paradigm for cumulative impact analysis."
Environmental Management 12(5):725-748. 1988 Sept. E.M. Preston, project
officer. EPA/600/J-88/505. PB90 186 123/AS. ERL-C0R-874J.
Stotzky, G., "Methods to measure the Influence of Genetically Engineered Bacteria
on Ecological Processes in Soil." IN: EPA Microbial Ecology Methods
Manual, Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1990.
John Armstrong, project officer. EPA/600/ 3-90/011. PB90 187 089/AS.
ERL-C0R-593.'
I
Stotzky, G., M.A. Devanas, and L.R. Zeph, "Behavior of genetically engineered
microbes in natural environments and their potential use' in IN SITU
reclamation of contaminated sites." 1988. EPA/600/D-88/108. PB88 214
960/AS. ERL-C0R-493.
Stotzky, G., M. Devanas, and L. Zeph, "Methods for Studying Bacterial Gene
Transfer in Soil by Conjugation and Transduction." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA,
Environmental Research Laboratory. 1989. R.J. Seidler, project officer.
EPA/600/ 3-89/042. PB89 195 044/AS. ERL-C0R-552.
Sullivan, T.J., C.T. Driscoll, S.A. Gherinl, R.K. Munson, R.B. Cook, D.F. Charles,
and C.P. Yatsko, "Influence of aqueous aluminium and organic acids on
measurement of acid neutralizing capacity in surface waters." Nature
338(6214).-408-410. 1989. D.H. Landers, project officer. EPA/600/J-89/110.
PB90 108 465/AS. ERL-C0R-936J.
Sullivan, T.J., J.M. Eilers, M.R. Church, D.J. Blick, K.N. Eshleman, D.H. Landers,
and M.S. DeHaan, "Atmospheric wet sulphate deposition and lakewater
chemistry." Nature 331(6157):607-609. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/235. PB89 142
723/AS. ERL-C0R-786JAP.
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Sullivan, Timothy J., Charles T. Driscoll, Joseph M. Eilers, and Dixon H. Landers,
"Evaluation of the role of sea salt inputs in the long-term acidification
of coastal New England lakes." Environmental Science and Technology
22:185-190. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/234. PB89 144 679/AS. ERL-C0R-729JAP.
Temple, P.J., L.F. Benoit, R.W. Lennox, C.A. Reagan, and O.C. Taylor, "Combined
effects of ozone and water stress on alfalfa growth and yield." Journal of
Environmental Quality 17(1):108-113. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/256. PB89 144
976/AS. ERL-C0R-661J.
Temple, P.J., R.S. Kupper, R.L. Lennox, and K. Rohr, "Injury and yield responses
of differentially-irrigated cotton to ozone." Agronomy Journal 80:751-755.
1988. EPA/600/J-88/223. PB89 144 521/AS. ERL-C0R-821J.
Temple, P.J., R.S. Kupper, R.L. Lennox, and K. Rohr, "Physiological and growth
responses of differentially-irrigated cotton to ozone." Environmental
Pollution 53:255-263. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/222. PB89 144 513/AS. ERL-COR-
822J.
Temple, Patrick J., and Larry F. Benoit, "Effects of ozone and water stress on
canopy temperature, water use, and water use efficiency of alfalfa."
Agronomy Journal 80:439-447. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/122. PB88 251 756/AS.
ERL-C0R-738J.
Teramura, A.H., and J.H. Sullivan, "Mechanisms of plant resistance to increased
solar ultraviolet-B radiation." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental
Research Laboratory. 1988. EPA 600/3-88/019. PB88-218 987/AS. ERL-COR-
477.
Theiling, K.M., and B.A. Croft, "Pesticide side-effects on arthropod natural
enemies: a data base summary." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment
21:191-218. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/421. PB90 108 192/AS. ERL-C0R-958J.
Thornton, K., J.P. Baker, D. Marmorek, D. Bernard, M.L. Jones, P.J. McNamee, C.
Wedeles, and K.M. Eshleman, "Episodic Response Project Research Plan."
1988. EPA/600/3-88/059. PB89 138 861/AS. ERL-COR-470.
Thornton, Kent W., and Daniel H. McKenzie, "Scope and Assessment of Aquatic
Effects Due to Acidic Deposition." A1r and Waste Management Association,
Annual Meeting, 1989 Jun 25-30, Anaheim, CA. 1989. Daniel McKenzie,
project officer. EPA/600/D-89/218. PB90 134 255/AS. ERL-C0R-1024D.
Tingey, David, "Bioindicators in air pollution research—applications and
constraints." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory.
1988. EPA 600/D-88/116. PB88 214 770/AS. ERL-COR-487.
Tingey, David T., and Christian P. Andersen, "The Physiological basis of Differ-
ential Plant Sensitivity to Changes in Atmospheric Quality." Chapter:
Ecological Genetics, Terrestrial Vegetation, and Anthropogenic changes in
the Atmosphere, 1990. ERL-C0R-1101D.
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Tingey, David, William Hogsett, and E. Henry Lee, "Analysis of crop loss for
alternative ozone exposure indices." 3rd US-Dutch International Symposium-
Atmospheric Ozone Research and its Policy Implications, 1988 May 9-13, The
Netherlands, Elsevier Science Publ. 1988. EPA/600/ D-88/118. PB88 214
788/AS. ERL-COR-494.
Tingey, David T., William E. Hogsett, and Sandra Henderson, "Definition of Adverse
Effects for the Purpose of Establishing Secondary National Ambient Air
Quality Standards." Annual Meeting Preprint: Air and Waste Management
Association, 1989 June, Anaheim, CA. AWMA. 1989. EPA/600/ D-89/166.
PB90 116 617/AS. ERL-C0R-1025D.
Turner, David P., David T. Tingey, and William E. Hogsett, "Acid Fog Effects on
Conifer Seedlings." Proceedings: Air Pollution and Forest Decline, 1988
Oct, Interlaken, Switzerland. 1989. James McCarty, project officer.
EPA/600/D-89/196. PB90 132 697. ERL-COR-952D.
United States EPA, "Toxicity Bioassay and Eluate Heavy Metals Analysis Results of
the Bench Scale Stabilization Study of Soils from the United Chrome
Superfund NPL Site, Corvallis, OR." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental
Research Laboratory. 1989. L. Kapustka, project officer.
EPA/600/3-89/074. PB90 120 049. ERL-C0R-562.
van der Valk, Arnold G., (ed), Northern Prairie Wetland, Iowa State University
Press. 1989. ERL-C0R-471.
Vance, George F., and Mark B. David, "Effect of acid treatment on dissolved
organic carbon retention by a spodic horizon." Soil Science Society of
America Journal 53(4):1242-1247. 1989, Jul-Aug. P.J. Wigington, Jr.,.
project officer. ERL-C0R-969J. *
Vong, R.J., B.H. Bailey, M.J. Markus, and V.A. Mohnen, "Meteorological Influences
on Mountain Cloudwater Chemistry in the Eastern USA." Proceedings:
International Conference on Forest Decline Research: State of Knowledge and
Perspectives, 1989 Oct 2-6, Friedrichshafen, Federal Republic of Germany.
1989. EPA/600/D-89/263. PB90 132 432/AS. ERL-C0R-1079D.
Vong, Richard, "Background Concentration of Sulfate in Precipitation Along the
West Coast of North America." Proceedings: Air and Waste Management
Symposium: "The Effects of Air Pollution on Western Forests, Transactions:
1989, June 28-30, Anaheim, CA. 1989. EPA/600/D-89/107. PB90 114 349/AS.
ERL-C0R-1032D.
Vong, Richard J., Steven Cline, and Greg Reams, "Regional Analysis of Wet Deposi-
tion for Effects Research." 1989. Roger Blair, project officer. EPA/600/
3-89/030. PB89 181 218/AS. ERL-C0R-547.
Vozzo, S.F., J.E. Miller, A.S. Heagle, and W.A. Pursley, "Effects of ozone and
water stress on net photosynthetic rate of field grown soybean leaves."
Environmental Pollution 53:471-473. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/273. PB89 197
727/AS. ERL-C0R-946J.
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Walter, Michael V., Ramon J. Seidler, and John L. Armstrong, "Goals and Accom-
plishments of the Corvallis Risk Assessment Biotechnology Program."
Proceedings: Risk Assessment in Agricultural Biotechnology, 1988 Jul 31-
Aug 4, Davis, CA. University of California Press. 1989. Ramon Seidler,
project officer. EPA/600/D-89/200. PB90 131 087/AS. ERL-C0R-994D.
Warren-Hicks, William, Benjamin R. Parkhurst, and Samuel S. Baker, Jr.,
"Ecological Assessment of Hazardous Waste Sites: A Field and Laboratory
Reference." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory.
1989. 301 pgs. C.W. Hendricks, project officer. EPV600/ 3-89/013. PB89
205 967. ERL-C0R-539.
Watts, R.R., R.J. Drago, R.G. Merrill, R.W. Williams, E. Perry, and J. Lewtas,
"Wood smoke impacted air: mutagenicity and chemical analysis of ambient air
in a residential area of Juneau, Alaska." Journal of Air Pollution Control
Association 38(5):652-660- 1988. EPA/600/J-88/298. PB89 110 639.
ERL-C0R-781J.
Weller, Milton W., "Issues and approaches 1n assessing cumulative impacts on
waterbird habitat in wetlands." Environmental Management 12(5):695-701.
1988 Sept. E.M. Preston, project officer. EPA/600/J-88/502. PB90 186
149/AS. ERL-C0R-871J.
Whigham, Dennis F., Carin Chitterling, and Brian Palmer, "The impacts of
freshwater wetlands on water quality: a landscape perspective." Environ-
mental Management 12(5):663-671. 1988 Sept. E.M. Preston, project officer.
EPA/600/ J-88/500. PB90 186 164/AS. ERL-C0R-869J.
Whiteley, Pam, and Tom M. Yuill, "Effects of Selenium on Mallard Duck Reproduction
and Immune Function." Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research
Laboratory. 1989. Anne Fairbrother, project officer. EPA/600/3-89/078.
PB90 120 692/AS. ERL-C0R-574.
Whittier, Thomas R., and Wayne Davis, "Report of the national workshop on instream
biological monitoring criteria." 1987 Dec 2-4, Lincolnwood, IL. 1988.
EPA/600/9-88/016. PB88 245 964. ERL-C0R-489D.
Whittier, Thomas R., Robert M. Hughes, and David P. Larsen, "Correspondence
between aquatic ecoregions and spatial patterns in stream ecosystems in
Oregon." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45(7):
1264-1278. 1988. D. Larsen, project officer. EPA/600/J-88/425. PB90 108
234/AS. ERL-C0R-686J.
Williams, Bill, Suzanne Marcy, and Sarah Gerould, (Workshop Co-Chairpersons),
"Workshop Summary Report: Water Quality Criteria to Protect Wildlife
Resources." Proceedings of workshop: Water Quality Criteria to Protect
Wildlife Resources, 1988 Nov 1-3, Beaverton, OR. Kilkelly Environmental
Association. 1989. Bill Williams, project officer. EPA/600/3-89/067.
PB89 220 016/AS. ERL-C0R-560.
Winjum, Jack K., "U.S. Forests and Atmospheric Deposition." Introductory paper:
Symposium Proceedings for the second US/USSR Symposium on Air Pollution
Effects on Vegetation, 1988 Sept 13-14, Corvallis, OR. 1989. EPA/600/
D-89/197. PB90 132 978/AS. ERL-C0R-965D.
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Winter, Thomas C., "A conceptual framework for assessing cumulative impacts on
the hydrology of non-tidal wetlands." Environmental Management 12(5):
605-620. 1988 Sept. E.M. Preston, project officer. EPA/J-88/495. PB90
186 214/AS. ERL-C0R-864J.
Woodward, Daniel F., Elaine Snyder-Conn, Robert G. Riley, and Thomas G. Garland,
"Drilling fluids and the Arctic tundra of Alaska: assessing contamination
of wetlands habitat and the toxicity to aquatic invertebrates and fish."
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 17:683-697. 1988.
EPA/600/J-88/246. PB89 145 056/AS. ERL-COR-848J.
Worrest, Robert C., "What Are the Effects of UV-B Radiation on Marine Organisms?"
Corvallis, OR, U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory. 1988. EPA/600/
D-88/159. PB88 237 920/AS. ERL-COR-497.
Worrest, Robert C., Hermann Gucinski, and John T. Hardy, "Potential Impact of
Stratospheric Ozone Depletion on Marine Ecosystems." Proceedings: Second
North American Conference on Preparing for Climatic Change, 1988 Dec 6-8,
Washington, DC., The Climate Institute. 1989 June. EPA/600/D-89/112. PB90
113 408/AS. ERL-C0R-1044D.
Zeph, L.R., M.A. Onaga, and G. Stotzky, "Transduction of Escherichia coli by
bacteriophase PI in soil." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 54(7):
1731-1737. 1988. EPA/600/J-88/272. PB89 197 735/AS. ERL-C0R-911J.
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