EPA ACID RAIN
RESEARCH INVENTORY
FY 79 - FY 81
#
DRAFT
»
-------
EPA ACID RAIN
RESEARCH INVENTORY
FY 79 - FY 81
DRAFT
DRAFT
Prepared by:
Charles G. Roberts
CENTEC Corporation
11260 Roger Bacon Dr.
Reston, Virginia 22090
Under Contract No.
EPA 68-03-2672-116
Edited by:
Stephen O. Wilson
Office of Exploratory Research (RD675)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
-------
This document has not been peer and administratively
reviewed within the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency and is for internal agency use/distribution
only.
-------
INTRODUCTION
Acid rain research projects funded by the EPA address virtually
all areas of concern with respect to the acid precipitation
problem from the sources to the effects on the ultimate recep-
tors. The projects are performed either internally by EPA
laboratories or under contract to other governmental labora-
tories, academic institutions, or other contractors.
This inventory includes acid rain research projects funded,
generally at a level greater than or equal to $5K, by EPA's
Office of Research and Development in FY79 through FY81.
This inventory does not include funds provided after
September 1981 or projects initiated following that date.
Each listed project is described in terms of principal investi-
gator, performing organization, project officer, period of
performance, funding, and an abstract intended to include basic
information on objectives, approach, duration, and products.
Although this description was the ultimate goal, some listings
remain incomplete because information was not available at
the time of publication of this inventory.
The listed projects are grouped in sections identified by a code
containing a letter denoting the topical research category, as
i
-------
described below by the Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipita-
tion, and the consecutive number in which the project appears in
that section.
Acid Rain Precipitation Assessment Plan Research Categories:
A.
Natural Sources
B.
Man-Made Sources
C.
Atmospheric Processes
D.
Deposition Monitoring of Acid Substances
E .
Aquatic Impacts
F.
Terrestrial Impacts
G.
Effects on Materials
H .
Control Technologies
I .
Assessments and Policy Analyses
Many of the projects encompass research in more than one of the
categories listed. An attempt was made to place each project in
the category relevant to the major objectives or work efforts of
the project. At the end of each section a list of relevant
projects in other sections is provided.
Some projects display a second code in parentheses located beneath
the initial code. This additional code is the identification
number from the North Carolina State University Acid Deposition
Effects Research Review. The letter prefixes AG and AQ
denote agricultural and aquatic projects, respectively.
Three indices are provided following all the project listings.
The indices are alphabetical by principal investigator, per-
forming organization, and project officer to facilitate easy
location of projects given a limited amount of information
concerning a project.
ii
-------
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION l
TABLE OF CONTENTS ill
NCSU COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT IV
SECTION A: NATURAL SOURCES 1
SECTION B: MAN-MADE SOURCES 3
SECTION C: ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES 11
SECTION D: DEPOSITION MONITORING OF ACID SUBSTANCES .... 86
SECTION E: AQUATIC IMPACTS 109
SECTION F: TERRESTRIAL IMPACTS 17 6
SECTION G: EFFECTS ON MATERIALS 201
SECTION H: CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES 209
SECTION I: ASSESSMENTS AND POLICY ANALYSES 211
INDEX I: ALPHABETICALLY BY PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR .... 224
INDEX II: ALPHABETICALLY BY PERFORMING ORGANIZATION . . . 238
INDEX III: ALPHABETICALLY BY PROJECT OFFICER 250
ill
-------
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
NCSU COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO. 806192
Research on the Effect of Acid Precipitation
on Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROGRAM
COORDINATOR:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Ellis B. Cowling
School of Forest Resources
(919) 737-2883
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, NC 27650
Rick A. Linthurst
Department of Botany
North Carolina State University
P.O. Box 5186
Raleigh, NC 27650
(919) 737-3520
Raymond G. Wilhour
Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
FTS 420-4634
(503) 757-4634
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
FY7 9
FY8 0
FY81
$500K These totals include funds
$620K allocated for the projects
$620K listed below.
Acid Rain and Material Damage in Stone (G-2)
Aluminum Movement in Pine Barren Soils (F-6)
Applicability of Hennksen's Empirical Model of Acidifica-
tion Prediction in North American Lakes (E — 39)
Assessment and Synthesis of Research Related to Biological
Effects of Acid Deposition (E-20)
Assessment of the Sensitivity Index Concept for Evaluating
Resources at Risk from Atmospheric Pollutant Deposition (E-19)
Chemistry, Transport and Fate of Aluminum in Dilute Acidified
Lakes (E-5)
Effects of Acidification on Processing of Organic Matter in
Streams (E-3)
IV
-------
Effects of Acidification on Softwater Lakes in Florida (E-2)
Effects of Acid Precipitation on Decomposition and Weathering
Processes in Terrestrial Ecosystems {F— 3)
Effect of Acid Precipitation on Microbial Mineralization of
Nitrogen in Soil (F-l)
Effects of Acid Precipitation on Microbial Transformations
in Soil and Resulting Nutrient Availability in Plants (F-10)
Effects of Acid Precipitation on Selected Soils of the
Southeastern U.S. (F-15)
Effects of Acid Rain on Reproduction of Fruit Crops (F—8)
Effect of Changing Patterns of Acidic Precipitation on the
Quality and Yield of Major Agricultural Crops of the
Northeastern U.S. (F-5)
Effects of Simulated Acid Precipitation on Field Crops and
Fusiform Rust of Loblolly Pine (F-2)
Heavy Metal Exchange Between Sediments and Overlying Water,
and Diatom Community Response in Lake Microcosms Subjected
to Increased H+, Pb, and Zn Loading (E-23)
Special Symposium of the Effects of Acid Rain on Benthos (E-34)
ABSTRACT:
Through Cooperative Agreement No. 806192, North Carolina State
University will coordinate, manage, and conduct (largely through
subcontracting to scientists at appropriate educational and
research institutions) research on environmental effects of
acid precipitation. The objectives are to:
(1) Determine the geographic distribution of sensitive
aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems and those exhibiting
symptoms of damage, and identify current extent of
damage.
(2) Determine actual and potential effects on terrestrial
and aquatic components of lake-watershed ecosystems, and
develop models linking ecological response to acid
precipitation inputs.
(3) Determine effects on native and commercial vegetation.
Research proposals from the scientific community at large are
evaluated by the governing board and the steering committee for
funding.
In addition to funding specific research projects, efforts for
the synthesis and integration of research results are funded.
v
-------
SECTION A: NATURAL SOURCES
1
-------
PERTINENT PROJECTS LISTED IN OTHER CATEGORIES
Heavy Metal Exchange Between Sediments and Overlying
Water, and Diatom Community Response in Lake Microcosms
Subjected to Increased H , Pb, and Zn Loading
-------
SECTION B: MAN-MADE SOURCES
3
-------
CODE: B-l
PROJECT
TITLE:
MAP3S/RAINE Central Data Coordination
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
PCD B180D
C. M. Benkovitz
(516) 282-2268
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Atmospheric Sciences Division
Upton, NY 11973
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
1980 to 1982
FUNDING:
FY8 0:
FY81:
$115K
$ 170K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project is to collect, integrate, and dis-
seminate experimental and auxiliary data, associated with the
MAP3S/RAINE program, from one central facility. These efforts
are broken down into four tasks: (1) source emissions inven-
tory, (2) air quality data, (3) precipitation quality data, and
(4) implementation and maintenance of computational techniques
of general interest to the tlAP3S program.
Under task 1, the inventory has been upgraded to include data
on the five criteria pollutants for the continental United
States and Canada. A detailed progress report, a user's guide,
a summary of results, and proposed methods for preparation of
source emissions data are published.
Under task 2, the Sulfate Regional Experiment (SURE) ground
station data for August 1977 to October 1978 has been received
and loaded into a computerized data base. In addition, methods
were developed to generate various averages and user-
defined periods, to generate time series plots, and to
generate contour plots.
4
-------
Under Task 3, data generated by the precipitation chemistry
networks (PCN's) run by the Electric Power Research Institute
(EPRI), National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) and the
Canadian Network for Sampling Atmospheric Pollutants (CANSAP)
were received and placed in a computerized data base. The data
is maintained in a sequential format and is distributed to users
on request.
Under Task 4, the Heffter/Air Resources Laboratories (ARL)
Interactive Terminal Transport Model (HITTM) and associated
data base are maintained as are programs for the gridding of
precipitation data.
In addition to the four primary tasks, this project also pro-
vides support for the MAP3S Model Comparison Exercise, and
coordinates data for the Oxidation and Scavenging Character-
istics of April Rains (OSCAR) Field Experiment.
PUBLICATIONS:
Benkovitz, C. M. "Compilation of an Inventory of Anthropogenic
Emissions in the United States and Canada," Accepted for
publication m Atmospheric Environment.
Benkovitz, C. M. "Compilation of Source Emissions Data and
Their Use in Air Quality Models," to be presented at the Third
Joint Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology
(San Antonio, Texas, January 1982), 1982.
Benkovitz, C. M. MAP3S/RAINE Emissions Inventory Progress
Report, BNL Formal Report BNL 51378, December 1980.
Benkovitz, C. M. and V. A. Evans. User Access to the MAP3S
Source Emissions Inventory, BNL Informal Report BNL 29322,
March 1981.
Benkovitz, C. M. and J. L. Heffter. User's Guide to the Heffter
Interactive-Terminal Transport Model (ARL-HITTM), BNL Informal
Report BNL 27801, April 1980.
Shannon, J. D., L. Kleinman, C. Benkovitz, and C. Berkowitz.
"Intercomparison of MAP3S Models of Long-Range Transport and
Deposition," to be presented at the Third Joint Conference on
Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology (San Antonio, Texas,
January 1982), 1982.
MILESTONES:
1. Complete first annual update of emissions inventory.
(Spring 1980)
2. MAP3S Emissions Inventory Status Reporting. (Spring 1980)
5
-------
3. Compilation of July 1978 data set in support of the MAP3S
model comparison. (Spring 1980)
4. Implementation of HITTM. (Spring 1980)
5. Implementation of SURE air quality data base. (Fall 1980)
6. Updating and maintenance of emissions inventory. (Spring
1981)
7. Implementation of precipitation chemistry data base.
(Summer 19 81)
8. Start data coordination function for OSCAR. (Summer 1981)
9. Start conversion of precipitation gridding techniques.
'(Fall 1981)
10. Implementation of periodic report format. (Postponed)
11. Issue periodic reports. (Postponed)
12. Implementation of direct user access to data. (Postponed)
6
-------
CODE: B-2
PROJECT
TITLE:
Inventory of Current
SO2 Emissions
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Brian
( 703)
Price
827-2948
MITRE Corporation/Metrek Division
1820 Dolley Madison Blvd.
McLean, VA 22102
John Coleman
Program Integration and Policy Staff (RD-681)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-2608
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
1980 (Continuing)
FY80: $35K*
FY81: $4K
*Supplemented by funds from other sources.
ABSTRACT:
A data base of 1980 emissions of SO2 for the 31 state Acid
Precipitation Assessment Region was developed from existing
sources. This project compared the State level information
available from a wide range of sources for the sectors of
interest. This included the MAP3S Program, EPA's NEDS Program
and EPA Emission Trends Analyses. Discrepancies between these
sources were investigated and either reconciled or explained. A
composite data base was constructed which accurately reflects
actual emissions for 1980. Results to date were published in a
report in the Fall of 1981. This is a continuing project.
PUBLICATION:
McBrien, Stephen. "Background Information for the Unified SO»
Emissions Inventory," MITRE Report WP-81W638, Nov. 1981.
MILESTONES:
1. Report. (November 1981)
7
-------
CODE: B-3
PROJECT
TITLE:
Advanced Utility Simulation Model
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
James
(217)
Stuke1
333-8861
University of Illinois
College of Engineering
Public Policy Program
105 Observatory Building
901 S. Mathews Ave.
Urbana, IL 61801
Paul Schwengels
Program Integration and Policy Staff
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
(202) 382-2602
1980 to November 1982
(RD-681)
FY8 0:
FY81:
$ 84K
$ 888K
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed for the development and demonstration
of an improved state-of-the-art model of the electric utility
industry. This model will be used for predicting emissions of
acid precipitation precursors and various economic, energy and
environmental control assumptions.
Improvements being made in the models are in three areas:
(1) addition or modification of analytical capabilities,
(2) improvement of operational efficiency, and (3) the model is
being made transparent in that users will be able to identify
the assumptions and internal operations which affect the output
regarding any given scenario input.
The work is being carried out by specialists primarily located
in academic institutions and referred to as the Universities
Research Group on Energy (URGE). Efforts are expected to extend
through FY82 with the final model transferred and operated on
the EPA computer system.
8
-------
MILESTONES:
1. First Year progress report. (March 1982)
2. Operating single-state model. (September 1982)
3. Operating multi-state capability. (November 1982)
9
-------
PERTINENT PROJECTS LISTED IN OTHER CATEGORIES
C-6 Coal Fired Steam Plants: Human and Environmental
Exposure to Air and Water Pollutants
D-ll Operate Two NADP Sites in Western Oregon to Track
Trends in Acidic Deposition
1-2 Budget of Man-Man Sulfur, Nitrogen, and Hydrogen Ions
Over the Eastern United States and Southeastern Canada
Airshed
10
-------
SECTION C: ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES
11
-------
CODE: C-l
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Non-Precipitating
(MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD C580E
Cloud-Pollutant Interactions
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
A. J.
( 509)
Alkezweeny
375-6161
Pacific Northwest
P.O. Box 999
Richland, WA 99352
Laboratory
PROJECT
OFFICER:
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 tl Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1980-1983 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY8 0:
FY81:
S120K
S100K
ABSTRACT:
The overall objective of this project is to study various
non-precipitating cloud-pollutant interactions. Efforts in
FY80 and FY81 were directed at specific needs present at those
times.
During FY80 the total project effort was devoted to the report-
ing of AMBIENS data and to processing and analyzing data from
the clean-air transformation studies conducted during Phase-1
MAP3S efforts in the Great Lakes area. The results of these
efforts have been published.
In FY81, at the request of EPA, this project was directed to
estimate the impact of emissions from Mt. St. Helens' eruption
on acid rain. This was accomplished with the aid of a regional
transport, transformation, and removal model. These results
were presented at a meeting of the American Geophysical Union
and are published in the proceedings.
12
-------
In addition to the work listed above, this project has included:
(1) analysis of data from the Fair Weather Cumulus Cloud
Experiment, conducted as part of CIRCE, (2) modification and
testing of a two-dimensional model to examine the transport of
material through the top of the boundary layer, and (3) field
experiments near Richland, Washington, to measure the vertical
structure of the fair weather cumulus cloud environment and to
test the concept of the SFg tracer.
Efforts associated with this project are projected to continue
through FY83 with additional publications being generated as
work continues.
PUBLICATIONS:
Alkezweeny, A. J. "Gas to Particle Conversion in Urban Plumes,"
presented at the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution
Control Association (Montreal, Quebec, Canada, June 22-27,
1980), 1980.
Alkezweeny, A. J., and C. M. Berkowitz. "Visibility and the
Chemical Compositions of Aerosols in Air Masses Over Lake
Michigan," presented at the 74th Annual Meeting of Air
Pollution Control Association (Philadelphia, PA, June 21-22,
1981), 1981.
Alkezweeny, A. J., W. E. Davis and R. C. Easter. "Comparison of
Ozone in Polluted and Clean Air Masses Over Lake Michigan,"
presented in the IAMAP Symposium on Atmospheric Ozone (Boulder,
CO, August 4-9, 1980), 1980.
Alkezweeny, A. J. and J. M. Hales. "The Impact of Nonprecipitat-
ing Clouds on the Transport and Formation of Acid Aerosols,"
presented at the Annual Meeting, ACS (August 1981), 1981.
Alkezweeny, A. J. and N. S. Laulainen. "Comparison Between
Polluted and Clean Air Masses Over Lake Michigan," J. App.
Met., V. 20, 1981, pp. 209-212.
Alkezweeny, A. J., N. L. Laulainen and J. M. Thorp. "Physical,
Chemical and Optical Characteristics of a Clean Air Mass Over
Northern Michigan," submitted for publication in Atmos.
Environ.
Eadie, W. J., W. E. Davis and A. J. Alkezweeny. "Regional Air
Quality Impact SO_ and F^S Emission from Mount St. Helens,"
presented at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting (San
Francisco, CA, December 8-12, 1980), 1980.
Lee, R. N., A. J. Alkezweeny and J. M. Hales. "PNL Contributions
to AMBIENS: Data Summary," Report prepared for the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Department of Energy,
PNL 3633, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, Richland, Washington,
November 19 80.
13
-------
MILESTONES:
1. AtlBIENS report published. (Summer 1980)
2. Great-Lakes transformation data analyzed and reported.
(Summer 1980)
3. Contribution of Tit. St. Helens' eruption to acid ram.
(Spring 1981)
4. Analysis of the CIRCE/Fair Weather Cloud Experiment.
(Summer 1981)
5. Select a suitable site, which is characterized by high SO2
and NOx loading for field experiments. (Summer 1981)
6. -Two dimensional model adaptation for transport across the
inversion. (Fall 1981)
7. Test the concept of SF, tracer on fair weather cumulus
clouds near Richland, Washington. (Fall 1981)
8. Measure cloud tops and the vertical structure of the cloud
environment for clouds formed near Richland, Washington.
(Fall 1981)
9. Conduct field experiments. (Spring 1982)
10. Data analysis. (Summer 1982)
11. Conduct other field experiments if needed. (Spring 1983)
12. Final analysis and interpretation of results. (Summer 1983)
14
-------
CODE: C-2
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
An Eulerian Pollutant
(MAP3S/RAINE)
C181M
Transport Model
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
C. Berkowitz
(509) 375-6161
Laboratory
Pacific Northwest
P.O. Box 999
Richland, HA 99352
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1981-1983 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY81: $5OK
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed for the development of a simple test
code to aid in the development of modules which will later
operate within the MAP3S framework code.
The model is presently being tested, with refinements in
boundary conditions continuing. Future work will include
choosing the best numerical scheme for a terrain-following
model, from which the final integrator will be extracted,
validation against field data, and complete documentation.
MILESTONES:
1. Start of work package. (Spring 1981)
2. Testing the model structure and incorporation of submodels.
(Winter 1981)
3. Start of submodel testing. (Summer 1982)
15
-------
4.
Validation runs against field data. (Winter 1982)
5. Start comparison runs with BNL SCHEMATIC (Brookhaven
National Laboratory Surrogate Chemical Mechanism Atmos-
pheric Transport Impact Code). (Spring 1983)
6. Completed model documentation and testing. (Winter 1983)
7. Choice of best numerical schemes for terrain-following
model. (Postponed)
16
-------
CODE: C-3
PROJECT
TITLE:
Lagrangian Pollutant Transport Model
(MAP3S/RAINE)
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PCD C280M
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
C. Berkowitz
(509) 375-6161
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION;
Pacific Northwest Laboratory
P.O. Box 999
Richland, WA 99352
PROJECT
OFFICER:
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1980-1983 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY8 0:
FY81:
$170K
$110K
ABSTRACT:
This project, which encompasses the Lagrangian modeling task,
has been focused on the following activities:
(1) Publication of a user's guide for the 70x70 grid version of
the Regional Air Pollutant Transport Model (RAPT).
(2) Participation in the MAP3S Interlab Comparison of Lagrangian
models.
(3) An examination of the emissions griddmg scheme for sulfur
sources.
(4) Preliminary work on the addition of nitrogen chemistry to
RAPT.
(5) Development of an easier to use code to grid winds for
inclusion in RAPT model.
The completion and publication of the user's guide to RAPT
involved a major effort. Testing indicated the need for an
improved scheme to handle the griddmg of sulfur emissions. A
new scheme was developed, and is now being tested, in which the
17
-------
largest sources are segregated and only the smaller sources are
aggregated. A brief literature survey was also performed in
anticipation of the inclusion of a simple N0x conversion and
removal scheme into the RAPT model.
Ho user's guide updates were issued because of the extensive
rewrite of the RAPT documentation, and increased emphasis on PCD
181M precluded work on a modified deposition subprogram for
inclusion in RAPT.
PUBLICATIONS:
Berkowitz, C. M. Pacific Northwest Laboratory's Contribution to
the MAP3S Interlab Comparison.
Berkowitz, C. M., R. C. Williams and D. J. McNaughton. Some
Statistical Techniques for Evaluating An Air Quality Model.
Proceedings Environmetrics 1981, sponsored by Society for
Industrial and Applied Mathematics (April, 1981), 1981.
McNaughton, D. J., C. M. Berkowitz and R. Williams. "A Diagnostic
Analysis of a Long-Term Regional Air Pollutant Transport
Model," J. of Applied Met. , July 1981.
McNaughton, D. J., D. C. Powell and C. M. Berkowitz. RAPT-The
Pacific Northwest Laboratory's Regional Air Pollutant Transport
Model: A Guide, November 19 81.
Shannon, J. D., L. Kleinman, C. Benkowitz and C. Berkowitz.
Intercomparison of MAP3S Models of Long-Range Transport and
Deposition, to be presented at the Third Joint Conference on
Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology (San Antonio, TX,
January 1982), 1982.
MILESTONES:
1. Initial short-term model testing completed. (Spring 1981)
2. Users Guide to RAPT. (Spring 1981)
3. Development of sulfur emissions grid. (Summer 1981)
4. Development of wind gridding code. (Winter 1981)
5. Interlaboratory regional transport model comparisons.
(Winter 1983)
6. Annual users guide updates. (Postponed)
7. Testing of nitrogen oxide parameterizations in the RAPT
model. (Postponed)
18
-------
CODE: C-4
PROJECT
TITLE:
Further Application of the ENAMAP Model to
Eastern North America
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Dr. Chandrakant Bhumralkar
(415) 859-3191
SRI, International
333 Ravenwood Avenue
Menlo Park, CA 94025
Terry Clark
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
FTS 629-3372
(919) 541-3372
PERIOD OF 1979 to 1982
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING: FY79: $69K
FY80: $50K
FY81: $200K
ABSTRACT:
The objectives of this project are to: (1) modify the existing
ENAMAP-1 model by: (a) including the area bounded by 29° and
55° north latitude and 60° and 104° west longitude, (b) treating
most states and Canadian provinces as separate receptor and
emitter areas, (c) considering 15 smaller receptor areas, (d)
incorporating more realistic deposition and transformation
coefficients, and (e) specifying land-use and geographical
characteristics for each receptor area; (2) apply the modified
ENAMAP-1 model to January and August 1977 emissions and meteor-
ological data; (3) compare results of the modified ENAMAP-1
model with those of earlier version; (4) develop ENAMAP-1A by
including complex terrain, multiple layer effects, and NOx
chemistry in ENAMAP-1A; and (5) prepare a User's Manual for
ENAMAP-1A.
The simplistic expressions in ENAMAP-1 are to be replaced by
more complex expressions based on physical relationships that
are known or theorized. The constant rates used to describe
the deposition and transformation processes are to be replaced
by variables expressed as a function of land-use, stability,
latitude, homogeneous and heteorogeneous conversion rates,
19
-------
and season. In addition, a more complex approach of analyzing the
wind fields is to be developed to account for terrain effects.
Model results using January and August 1977 data will be generated
using the complex expressions and are to be compared with
earlier results. The domain of the model is to be expanded to
consider central Ontario and Quebec and the Maritime Provinces
of Canada. Vertical resolution of the model will also be
increased and simplistic system of nitrogen reactions (NO,
NO-, NO;}-* an(3 HNOt) will be incorporated into the
model. Finally, a user^s guide for the final ENAMAP version of
the model and a report describing the development of the new
version will be prepared. Efforts on this project are projected
to continue through FY82.
MILESTONES:
1. P.roject and summary reports. (December 1981)
2. Project and summary reports. (May 1982)
3. User's guide. (August 1982)
20
-------
CODE: C-5
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Sulfur Transport Eulerian Model (STEM)
(MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD U181M
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
(1) G. Carmichael
University of Iowa
(319) 353-4193
(2) L. Peters
University of Kentucky
(606) 258-4956
(1) Chemical Engineering
Program
University of Iowa
Iowa City, IA 52242
(2) Chemical Engineering Dept.
University of Kentucky
Lexington, KY 40506
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
1981-1984 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY81: $47K
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed to model the regional transport of
SO~ and sulfate incorporating the features of Eulerian grid
modeling. Specifically these features include the incorporation
of non-linear chemistry and temporally-varying meteorological
conditions. The mathematical analysis has been based on the
coupled, three-dimensional advection - diffusion equations for
SO and sulfate and a Galerkin method is used for the numerical
solution of partial differential equations.
A simulation for the July 4-11, 1974, SURE data base has been
started. Analyses thus far indicate that the deposition velocity
parameterization is illustrating realistic diurnal character.
Detailed results have been published in two articles. Future
work on the model, projected to extend through FY84, will
include the addition of NO transport, parameterization of
wet deposition processes, and subgrid scale chemistry and mixing
to the model.
21
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Carmichael, G. R. and L. K. Peters. "Application of the Sulfur
Transport Eulerian Model (STEfl) to a SURE Data Set," 12 Inter-
national Tech. Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its
Application (Palo Alto, CA, August 1981), 1981.
Carmichael, G. R. and L. K. Peters. "Regional Transport and
Deposition of SO in the Eastern United States," American
Institute of Chemical Engineers Meeting (New Orleans, LA,
November 1981), 1981.
MILESTONES:
1. Comparison of Eulerian grid model with July 1974 SURE data
base. (Summer 1981)
2. Comparison of Eulerian grid model with July 1978 MAP3S/SURE
data base. (Postponed)
3. Adaption of model (which currently executes on a vector
computer) to a series processor (STEM-1). (Summer 1982)
4. Inclusion of NO, N02, HNO^, 0^, hydrocarbons, and PAN
as advected species. (Winter 1982)
5. Parameterization of wet deposition in terms of NH^, ^2^2' an<^
0~ species concentrations and other important meteorological
data. (Spring 1983)
6. Subgrid scale chemistry, plume interaction, and mixing
incorporated into the grid model. (Fall 1983)
7. Final model evaluation, analysis, and documentation (STEM-11).
(Summer 19 84)
22
-------
CODE: C-6
(AQ-87)
PROJECT
TITLE:
Coal Fired Steam Plants: Human and
Environmental Exposure to Air and Water
Pollutants
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
CR8 068 78
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
G. Chester and A. Andren
(608) 262-3577 and (608) 262-2470
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
University of Wisconsin
Madison, WI 53706
PROJECT
OFFICER;
G. E. Glass
Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
FTS 783-9526, Comm. (218) 727-6692
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
May 1974 to March 1982
FUNDING:
FY75-79
FY8 0
FY81
$1,8 00K
$162.4K*
$20.IK*
*Funded by acid deposition effects research program.
ABSTRACT:
The objectives of this multi-disciplinary program are to
document the overall environmental impact of construction
and operation of a coal-fired power plant and generalize
the findings to all coal-fired power plants.
This research would extend work carried out over the past
several years at the Columbia power plant site at Portage,
Wisconsin. While previous work under Grant No. R803971 was
mainly directed toward documenting environmental changes, this
work focused on the physical and chemical characterization of a
wide range of emissions for the purpose of modeling their
fate.
The studies were divided into five subtasks as follows:
(1) A detailed analysis of SO2, NO^, CO2, and particulate
matter as a function of loading.
(2) The determination of flue gas vapors such as CI, Br,
Se, F, Hg, NH.., and organic vapors.
23
-------
(3) A rigorous statistical analysis of chemical composition
versus particle size for such elements as Al, As, B,
Ba, Br, Ce, Co, Cr, Fe, Hg, La, Na, Pb, Sb, Se, Si,
Sc, Th, and Zn.
(4) A comparison of "in stack" and plume vapor/partlculate
partitions of organic emissions.
(5) A mass balance of most chemicals mentioned above.
A model was developed and applied in addition to the performance
of several experiments. A number of reports have already been
published with a series of reports still in preparation.
PUBLICATIONS:
Andren, A., M. Anderson, N. Loux, and R. Talbor. Element Flow
in Aquatic Systems Surrounding Coal-Fired Power Plants,
EPA-600/3-80-076, 1980.
Andrews, C. B., and M. P. Anderson. Impacts of Coal-Fired Power
Plants on Local Ground-Water Systems, EPA-600/3-80-079, 1980.
Buchanan, W. J., and F. L. Scarpace. Mapping Vegetation Complexes
With Digitized Color Infrared Film, EPA-600/3-80-054, 1980.
Jaeger, John Michael. Predicting Effects of an Electric Generating
Station on Wetland Passerine Birds: Wisconsin Power Plant
Impact Study, EPA-600/3-80-020, 1980.
Lech, J., and M. Melancon. Uptake, Metabolism and Dispostion of
Xenolithic Chemicals in Fish, EPA-600/3-80-082, 1980.
Magnuson, J. J., A. M. Forbes, D. M. Harrell, and J. D.
Schwarzineier. Responses of Stream Invertebrates to an Ashpit
Effluent, EPA-600/3-80-081, 1980.
Magnuson, J. J., F. J. Rahel, M. J. Talbot, A. M. Forbes,
and P. A. Medvick. Ecological Studies of Fish Near a Coal
Fired Generating Station and Related Laboratory Studies,
EPA-600/3-80-078, 1980.
Quigley, Elin, et al. Citizen Concern with Power Plant Siting:
Wisconsin Power Plant Impact Study, Final Report, EPA-600/3-80-
004, 1980.
Ragland, K. W. , B. D. Gooddell, and T. L. Coughlm. Air
Pollution Studies Near a Coal-Fired Power Plant, EPA-600/
3-80-048, 1980.
Shaver, fl. P., and P. Page. Local Land-Use and Land Ownership
Patterns Near a Power Plant, EPA-600/3-80-021, 1980.
24
-------
Tetnck, N. , and E. Joeres. Water Constraints m Power-Plant
Siting and Operation, EPA-600/3-80-077, 1980.
MILESTONES:
1. Participate in U.S./Canada aquatic impacts assessment,
phase I. (January 1981)
2. Provide data synthesis and participate in U.S./Canada
aquatic impact assessment, phase II, report. (June 1981)
3. All final reports on projects R803971 and CR806878
completed. (March 1982)
25
-------
CODE: C-7
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Convection in
(MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD A480E
the Mixed Layer
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
R. Coulter
(312) 972-5827
Laboratory
Argonne National
9700 S. Cass Ave.
Argonne, IL 60439
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
1980 to 1983 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY80:
FY81:
$90K
$95K
ABSTRACT:
The overall objectives of this project are to provide parameter-
lzations necessary for the development of pollutant transport
models, and to demonstrate the usefulness of remote sensing
equipment for estimating PBL parameters (e.g., mixing height,
nocturnal inversion height) necessary for model development.
Several field experiments were conducted in addition to the
development of a three-dimensional Doppler acoustic sounder for
evaluation of vertical velocities. A new spectral method for
velocity determination has also been implemented.
Studies of data from the CIRCE experiment and other local field
efforts are being combined with data presently being obtained to
provide climatologlcal estimates of parameters (sensible heat
flux, dissipation rates, and vertical velocities) necessary to
describe cloud inflow regimes.
Efforts on this project are projected to continue through FY83.
Results to date have been published in several articles.
Additional publications may result from further efforts.
26
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Coulter, R. L. "A Comparison of Three Methods for Measuring
Mixing-Layer Height," J. Appl. Meteor., V. 18, 1979,
pp. 1495-1499.
Coulter, R. L., and K. H. Underwood. "Some Turbulence and
Diffusion Parameter Estimates Within Cooling Tower Plumes
Derived From Sonar Data," J. Appl. Meteor., V. 19, 1980,
pp. 1395-1404.
Coulter, R. L. and M. L. V7esely. "Estimates of Surface Heat Flux
From Sonar and Laser Scintillation Measurements in the Unstable
Boundary Layer," J. Appl. Meteor., V. 19, 1980, pp. 1209-1222.
Hess, C. D., B. B. Hicks, and T. Yamada. "The impact of the
Wangara Experiment," Boundary-Layer Meteor., V. 20, 1981,
pp. 175-185.
MILESTONES:
1. Development of a 3-D Doppler sonar system. (Summer 1980)
2. Commence program of season by season studies of convective
structure. (Spring 1981)
3. Participate in collaborative MAP3S field experiment.
(Spring 1982)
4. Completion of series of seasonal convective structure
studies. (Spring 1983)
5. Completion of convective inflow parameter studies.
(Winter 1983)
27
-------
CODE: C-8
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
In Cloud Chemistry Studies
(MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD B580E
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
P. Daum
(516) 282-2268
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Atmospheric Sciences Division
Upton, NY 11973
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1980-1983 (in review)
FUNDING:
FY8 0:
FY81:
S30K
S100K
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed to determine the importance of m-cloud
processes by relating measured pollutant concentrations of air
entering, within, and exiting a cloud, to cloud water composition.
An ASRC (State University of New York Atmospheric Sciences
Research Center) cloud water collector and a hot wire liquid
water content indicator have been installed and tested m the
BNL aircraft. Current work includes the development of instru-
mentation for the real-time measurement of S0Kr N0X' and HNO^,
development of an airborne SF^-doped hydrogen system to allow
measurement of SO_ background levels and aerosol sulfur, and
modification of a dual-chamber NO monitor to allow continuous
measurement of NO^ and NO^ + HNO^.
Capabilities still to be developed include devices for deter-
mining droplet size distribution, measuring vertical wind
velocity, and supplying droplet-free air for the aircraft filter
pack system.
Field studies will be initiated following the development of the
required devices. These studies will include measurements of
various parameters associated with cloud water, air chemistry,
and different cloud types.
28
-------
Results of the studies will be qualitatively related to the
type and concentration of materials in the entrained air, the
vertical air velocities, and the cloud water concentration.
MILESTONES:
1. Begin detailed study of modifications necessary to adapt
commerical NO monitor to NO and HNO.. measurements
to 0.1 ppb from an aircraft platform. (Spring 1980)
2. Complete construction and laboratory tests of improved
S02/aerosol sulfur monitor. (Spring 1980)
3. Laboratory design and tests of improved NO^HNO^
instrument. (Summer 1981)
4. Airborne tests of NO /HNO., instrument begin. (Spring
1982)
5. Field use in-cloud studies of combination of instruments for measurin
NO /HNO-., S02/aerosol, S, and H202 in cloud water, and
cloud water itself. (Spring 1983)
29
-------
CODE: C-9
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Modeling Gas-to-Particle Conversions
and Particle-Particle Interaction (MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD C580M
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
R. Drake
(509) 375-6161
Laboratory
Pacific Northwest
P.O. Box 999
Richland, WA 99352
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1980-1983 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY81: $40K
ABSTRACT:
This project was originally designed to use a set of coupled,
time-evolving, log-normal distributions to approximate the
formulation, growth, and transformation of atmospheric aerosol.
Studies at California Institute of Technology (CIT), however,
proved that the most efficient aerosol calculations can be made
use of a sectional representation developed by
Seinfeld. This approach was therefore used, in
with the gas-to-particle formulations developed by
, in develoment of the module, and is reported with
in several journal articles. In addition, a set of
exact solutions for evolving aerosol spectra are being generated
for use in checking numerical simulations of advectmg aerosol
clouds.
through the
Gelbard and
conjunction
Friedlander,
the results
Computer files developed under this project include:
routine to calculate aerosol coagulation coefficients;
containing two numerical integration routines, and (3)
subroutine which calculates the time rate of change of
integral measures of the sections of an aerosol size domain.
Model testing and documentation is projected to last through
FY8 3.
(1) BIJ, a
(2) INTEG,
DQDTS, a
the
30
.. LAd
.. .~ Lfu:Lr
CO.iVmLUS UHLGON 97333
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Committee on Medical and Biologic Effects of Environmental
Pollutants, Ozone and Other Photochemical Oxidants, National
Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1977.
Drake, R. L. "A Comprehensive Aerosol Growth Model." Atmospheric
Aerosols: Their Optical Properties and Effects, Meeting
sponsored by Optical Society of America (Williamsburg, VA,
December 13-15, 1976), 1976.
Drake, R. L. "Exact Solutions for Checking Numerical Simulations
of Advectmg Aerosol Clouds," The 1981 Winter Symposium on
Aerosol Systems, Meeting sponsored by American Chemical
Society (Tucson, AZ, January 26-28,1981), 1981.
Eltgroth, M. W. and P. V. Hobbs. "Evaluation of Particles in the
Plumes of Coal-Fired Power Plants-II, A Numerical Model and
Comparisons With Field Measurements," Atmos. Environ., V. 13,
1979, pp. 953-975.
Gelbard, F., et al. "Sectional Representations for Simulating
Aerosol Dynamics," J. of Coll. and Interface Sci., V. 76,
1980, pp. 541-556.
Gelbard, F. Aerosols Users Manuals, NUREG/CR-1367, U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C., 1981.
MILESTONES:
1. Work package start. (Postponed)
2. Interim Gas-to-Particle, Particle-Particle Module.
(Postponed)
3. Completed analysis of modeling needs. (Postponed)
4. End of model testing. (Postponed)
5. Journal publication on exact solutions. (Summer 1982)
6. Completed model documentation and testing. (Summer 1983)
31
-------
CODE: C-10
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
A Generalized Submodel for Cloud and
Precipitation Related Pollutant Removal
and Transformation on a Regional Scale
(MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD C481M
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
R. Easter
(509) 375-6161
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Pacific Northwest Laboratory
P.O. Box 999
Richland, WA 99352
PROJECT
OFFICER:
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1981-1983 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY81: $10K
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed for the development of a precipitation
scavenging/wet transformation module for application in the
regional scale MAP3S models.
Conflicting commitments for the key scientists caused the post-
ponement of the start of the work until FY82, with diversion
of the initial $10K funding to other MAP3S modeling programs at
Pacific Northwest Laboratory.
MILESTONES:
1. Work package start. (Postponed)
2. Interim Wet Removal/Transformation Module. (Postponed)
3. Completed analysis of modeling needs. (Postponed)
4. Start of submodel testing. (Summer 1982)
5. Completed model documentation and testing. (Winter 1983)
LIBRARY
3 2 u ' eNVIRONMSNTAL protection agen
r jRVALLIS ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
200 SW 3STH STRCITl
COKVALL1S OREGON 9703-»
-------
CODE: C-ll
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
An Initialization Scheme for Generating
Regional Scale Windfields with Terrain
Influences (MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD C380M
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
J. M. Hales
(509) 375-6161
Pacific Northwest Laboratory
P.O. Box 999
Richland, WA 98352
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
1980-1983 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY80:
FY81:
$20K
$20K*
*Co-funded with the Green River Model Assessment.
ABSTRACT:
This project, involving the regional scale windfield task, has
been revised in two ways from its original conception. Original-
ly, the project was to further modify the Newton's method, mass
consistent model of Huang to provide balanced transport windfields
which conserve both mass and energy. The first revision of this
project was to eliminate the inclusion of the energy conservation
equation, primarily due to the fact that terms already m the
mass consistent model account for the thermal effects which the
energy equation would describe. The second revision was to
replace the modified Newton's method approach by a simpler
technique. It was concluded that the scheme for interpolating
measured winds over an area is more important than the mass
conservation scheme, so an interpolation scheme capable of mass
consistency was proposed.
33
-------
The model that has been developed has been successfully tested
and modified through use of an analytically derived terrain and
flow field, and a set of data from DOE's ASCOT (Atmospheric
Studies in Complex Terrain) program. In addition, the model has
been applied to a test case over the Colorado, Utah and Wyoming
oil shale region. Although, at present, the model appears to be
a cost-efficient technique for generating local, mesoscale, and
regional, mass-consistent windfields, further testing through
FY83 is expected to yield additional improvements to the model.
PUBLICATIONS:
Drake, R. L. "Mass-Consistent Modeling, Revisited," A Collection
of Papers Based on Drainage Wind Studies in the Geysers Area 'of
Northern California: Part 1, ASCOT-80-7, Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory, Livermore, CA., N-l to N-18, 1980.
Drake, R. L. and C. H. Huang. "Mass-Consistent, Interpolated
Wind Fields for Complex Terrain," Symposium on Intermediate
Range Atmospheric Transport Processes and Technology Assessment.
Sponsored by U.S. Department of Energy (Gatlinburg, TN,
October 1-3, 1980), 1980.
Huang, C. H. and R. L. Drake. "A Direct Method of Adjusting Wind
Fields Over Complex Terrain," Fourteenth Conference on Agriculture
and Forest Meteorology and Fourth Conference on Biometeorology.
•Meeting sponsored by American Meteorological Society (Minneapolis,
MN, April 2-6, 1979), 1979.
Huang, C. H. and E. C. Nickerson. Numerical Simulation of Wind,
Temperature, Shear Stress, and Turbulent Energy Over Nonhomogeneous
Terrain, TR-CED 71-62, Fluid Dynamics and Diffusion Laboratory,
Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 1972.
Sherman, C. A. "A Mass-Consistent Model for Wind Fields Over
Complex Terrain," J. Appl. Meteor. , V. 17, 1978, pp. 312-319.
MILESTONES:
1. Reformulation of model completed to include energy conserva-
tion equations. (Spring 1981)
2. Efficiency testing of model completed. (Spring 1982)
3. Complete model validation and documentation. (Winter 1982)
4. Applications of model to specific areas. (Winter 1983)
34
-------
CODE: C-12
PROJECT
TITLE:
Source Effects on Precipitation Chemistry
(MAP3S/RAINE)
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PCD A280E
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
B. Holt
(312) 972-4342
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Argonne National
9700 S. Cass Ave.
Argonne, IL 60439
Laboratory
PROJECT
OFFICER:
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE
1981-1984 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY81:
$ 50K
ABSTRACT:
This project is divided into two tasks addressing the effects of
(1) a strong, isolated source of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, and
(2) a diffuse, industrial-urban source of emissions, on the
chemistry of precipitation falling through the respective
plumes.
To accomplish these tasks, automatic, wet-only collectors were
deployed near the Stevenson Steam Plant of TVA in northeastern
Alabama for the first task, and at Argonne and in Chicago for
the second task. Several dozen samples have been collected and
are being subjected to analysis by measuring the fraction of
primary sulfates, which can be distinguished from secondary
sulfates by means of oxygen isotope ratio analysis.
The field experiment in Alabama was completed in September 1981,
whereas the Argonne/Chicago field experiment is continuing into
FY82. Analyses of data and results are expected to carry
through FY83.
35
-------
MILESTONES:
1. Locate suitable sites for Tasks 1 and 2 and deploy sampling
instruments. (Spring 1981)
2. Completion of field experiments. (Winter 1982)
3. Analysis and integration of results. (Winter 1983)
36
-------
CODE: C-13
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Atmospheric Chemistry Studies
(MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD A380E
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
R. Kumar
(312) 972-4342
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 S. Cass Avenue
Argonne, IL 60439
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
1981-1984 (in review)
FUNDING:
FY8 0:
FY81:
$88K
$ 66K
ABSTRACT:
This project is divided into two tasks: (1) a study of particu-
late acidity vs. altitude in an urban or rural environment, and
(2) conclusion of the aerosol characterization field experiment
with the five-station network of modified Lundgren cascade
impactors for aerosol sampling, with emphasis on data reduction
and analysis.
Several field experiments were conducted to address the first
task. Data for the second task was collected during the OSCAR
(Oxidation Scavenging Characteristics of April Rains) experiment.
The data have been plotted and presented in a progress report.
Analyses are still continuing, however, and will lead to further
publications. Efforts on this project are expected to carry
through FY83.
PUBLICATIONS:
Johnson, S., R. Kumar, P. Cunningham, and T. Lang. The MAP3S
Aerosol Sulfate Acidity Network: A Progress Report and Data
Summary, ANL-81-63, 1981.
37
-------
MILESTONES:
1. Set up aerosol samplers for Task 1. (Spring 1981)
2. Complete data analysis for Task 2. (Fall 1981)
3. Initiate expanded effort for Task 1, such as airborne
experiments. (Spring 1982)
4. Begin data reduction and analysis for the present impactor
sampling network (Task 2). (Summer 1982)
5. Complete field experiments for Task 1 and continue data
processing and correlation. (Fall 1983)
38
-------
CODE: C-14
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Meteorological
(MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD B280M
Field Analysis
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
M. Leach
L. Kleinman
(516) 282-2268
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Atmospheric Sciences Division
Upton, NY 11973
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
1980-1983 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY8 0:
FY81:
$ 50K
$25K
ABSTRACT:
The objectives of this project are divided into two components:
(1) decoding of meteorological codes from the Brookhaven National
Laboratory - National Meteorological Center (BNL-NMC) computer
bank and trajectory codes from the NMC Global and limited area
fine mesh (LFM) models, and (2) cross comparison of models to
the Lagrangian long range transport model, publication of a>
users manual, and development of second generation Lagrangian
codes to an operational level.
The meteorological codes have been decoded and merged in a form
suitable for inclusion in a larger data base, such as OSCAR. In
addition, the trajectory codes have been decoded and displayed
in a form suitable for operational forecasting, thus completing
component 1. Work on component 2 was initiated by comparing
S02 and SO^ concentrations calculated using the long range
transport model AIRSOX with monitoring data from SURE and MAP3S.
Publication of a users guide to the AIRSOX model has been
deferred, although the majority of significant information about
the code has been reported. Modification of the AIRSOX model is
currently underway to provide a more realistic description of
the diurnally varying planetary boundary layer (PBL).
39
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Kleinman, L. I. "Concentration and Deposition of Sulfur
Oxides in the Northeastern United States: A Comparison of
AIRSOX Model Results with Monitoring Data for July 1978," BNL
29855. Also a similarly titled article in preparation for
Atmospheric Environment, 1981.
Shannon, J. D. , L. Kleinman, C. Benkovitz, and C. Berkowitz.
"Intercompanson of MAP3S Models of Long-Range Transport
and Deposition," to appear in preprint volume of The Third
Joint Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology
(San Antonio, TX, January 1982), 1981.
MILESTONES:
1. Provide data in a timely and useful fashion for forecasting
purposes, such as during the OSCAR experiment.
2. Development of techniques of using routinely available
National Weather Service data with analysis methods to
produce interface files. (December 1981)
40
-------
CODE: C-15
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
A Simplified Model of In-Cloud Sulfate
Aerosols (MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD A7 80M
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE :
I. Lee
(312) 972-5807
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 S. Cass Ave.
Argonne, IL 60439
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
1980-1983 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY8 0:
FY81:
$3 2K
$ 3 5K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project is to provide a simplified model for
homogeneous gas kinetics, which is one of four modules that are
involved in modeling m-cloud sulfate aerosols. Procedures
have been invoked to greatly reduce computational costs without
causing any appreciable degradation in the accuracy of the
solutions obtained. Test runs have been successfully completed
and a journal article, detailing the production of sulfate
aerosols, is in preparation. Future eforts, expected to extend
through FY83, will include the addition of ion and heterogeneous
nucleations to the model.
PUBLICATIONS:
Lee, I. Y. The Production of Sulfate Aerosol Particles in the
Lower Atmosphere. In preparation.
41
-------
Lee, I. Y. and T. Yamada. "Simulation of Ozone in the Planetary
Boundary Layer," Preprint, Fifth Symposium on Turbulence,
Diffusion, and Air Pollution (Atlanta, GA, 1981), 1981, pp.
92-93.
Swan, P. R. and I. Y. Lee. "Meteorological and Air Pollution
Modeling for an Urban Airport," J. Appl. Meteor., V. 19, 1980,
pp. 534-544.
MILESTONES:
1. Initial inclusion of sulfate chemistry in a model of cloud
physics. (Spring 1980)
2. Refinement of sulfate chemistry and inclusion of nitrate
parameters. (Fall 1981)
3. Initial cloud chemistry parameterizations for the Eulerian
model. (Spring 1982)
4. Evaluation and production of routine cloud chemistry
characterizations suitable for the Eulerian model.
(Spring 1983)
42
-------
CODE: C-16
PROJECT
TITLE:
Subgrid Parameterization of Physical
Processes of Clouds (MAP3S/RAINE)
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PCD A58 0M
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
I. Lee
(312) 972-5807
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 S. Cass Avenue
Argonne, IL 60439
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1980-1983 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY8 0:
FY81:
$32K
$ 3 5K
ABSTRACT:
This modeling project deals with five aspects of subgrid cloud
parameterization: (1) chemical composition of cloud condensa-
tion nuclei, (2) cloud dynamics, (3) droplet growth by condensa-
tion, (4) spectral evolution by coalescence, and (5) cloud
characterization. The time-dependent model which has been
developed to use these parameters allows modification through
interaction, contains both cloudy and clear regions, and circum-
vents assumptions regarding size distributions.
Initial test runs of the model have been completed and the
results dealing with the effects of sulfate particles on cloud
formation are being prepared for publication. Modeling of how a
cloud affects the formation of sulfate particles is in a prelimin-
ary state, as are studies for the parameterization of the
microphysical properties of clouds in terms of mesoscale dynamic
parame ters.
PUBLICATIONS:
Lee, I. Y. The Effect of Sulfate Aerosol Particles on the
Formation of Clouds. In preparation.
43
-------
Lee, I. Y., G. Hanel, and R. H. Pruppacher. "A Numerical
Determination of the Evolution of Cloud Drop Spectra Due to
Condensation on Natural Aerosol Particles," J. Atmos. Sci. ,
V. 37, 1980, pp. 1839-1853.
MILESTONES:
1. Simulation of meteorological fields for design of field
experiments. (Summer 1980)
2. Simulation of data for diagnostic studies of field experi-
ments. (Summer 1981)
3. Evaluation and simulation of cloud parameters for the
Eulerian model. (Spring 1982)
4. Production of routine cloud parameters for the model.
(Spring 1983)
44
-------
CODE: C-17
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Simulation of In-Cloud Transformation
of Atmospheric Pollutants (I1AP3S/RAINE)
PCD C380E
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
R. N.
( 509)
Lee
375-6161
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Pacific Northwest Laboratories
P.O. Box 999
Richland, WA 99352
PROJECT
OFFICER:
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1980-1882 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY80:
FY81:
$ 50K
$ 60K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project is to examine changes in the compo-
sition of bulk rainwater samples exposed to a continuous flow
of ambient air.
In order to meet the requirement of continuous monitoring of
several atmospheric parameters while avoiding the constraints of
m-cloud operations, a reactor was designed and constructed to
simulate the m-cloud transformation process. Three experi-
mental series are being conducted. The first, in Oklahoma City,
Oklahoma, represented an area with relatively clean air. The
second, in Ft. Wayne, Indiana, represented an area of moderately
polluted air, and the third, in Calumet City, Illinois, repre-
sented heavily polluted air. Samples from the first two series
have been obtained while the third series is still m progress.
Statistical analysis of these data will be performed to evaluate
the observed changes in composition.
45
-------
MILESTONES:
1. Initial rainwater samples collected and analysis complete.
(Summer 19 80)
2. Air quality instrumentation in place and reaction vessel
operational. (Fall 1980)
3. Experimental series begins at clean air site. (Fall 1980)
4. First series of experiments ends and statistical analysis
completed. (Winter 1980)
5. Second series of experiments begins at site characterized
by reduced air quality. (Summer 1981)
6. Analysis of data from second test series completed.
(Spring 1982)
46
-------
CODE: C-18
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Regional Representation of Chemical
Transformations (MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD B380M
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
S. Levine
(516) 282-2268
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Upton, NY 11973
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
1981-1982 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY81: $20K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project is to assemble a series of modules
of varying degrees of complexity which can be used in conjunc-
tion with the MAP3S/RAINE Eulerian deposition model. Methods
have been developed and tested for the construction of Surrogate
CHEmical MEchanisms (SCHEMES) which reduce the number of species
necessary to model atmospheric photochemical reaction systems.
A 12-species SCHEME for the olefin-N0x~0,-S02 system was tested
and reproduced the results obtained with a conventional 30-
species model, while reducing the execution time by 70 to 80
percent. Results of this, and other tests, are being reported
in journal articles. Efforts on this project are expected to
continue through FY82.
PUBLICATIONS:
Levine, S. Z. Atmos. Environ. Submitted.
Levine, S. Z. and S. E. Schwartz. Advances in Environmental
Science and Technology. In press.
47
-------
MILESTONES:
1. General formulation developed. (Spring 1981)
2. Hierarchy of modules written. (Spring 1982)
3. Test chemical modules against smog chamber data.
(Spring 1981)
4. Study sub-grid scale processes in a utility plume.
(Spring 1981)
5. Test modules against field data. (Summer 1982)
48
-------
CODE: C-19
PROJECT
TITLE:
MAP3S/RAINE Program Direction
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PCD D180D
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
P. Michael
(516) 282-2264
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Atmospheric Sciences Division
Upton, NY 119 73
William Keith,
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, D.C. 20460
(202) 426-0287
1980 to 1982
FY80: $118K
FY81: $148K
ABSTRACT:
This program component is designed to provide centralized
leadership and coordination wthin the MAP3S/RAINE scientific
community and to fulfill the needs of planning and liaison with
EPA, DOE, and the Federal Acid Rain Task Force. J. M. Hales
served as program director during the 1980-1981 period, and
was succeeded by P. Michael at the beginning of FY82.
This program has supported university participation in the April
OSCAR field project and the joint U.S./Canadian modeling effort
among other projects.
PUBLICATIONS:
Hales, J. M. "Precipitation Chemistry: Its Behavior and Its
Calculation," In Air Pollutants and Their Effects on the
Terrestrial Ecosystem, S. V. Krupa and A. H. Legge, Eds.,
Wiley, New York, 1981.
49
-------
MAP3S/RAINE Design-Basis Document, EPA Report PNL-3424, 1980.
Slinn, W. G. N. and J. M. Hales. Wet Removal of Atmospheric
Particles, EPA Monograph Series. In press.
"The MAP3S/RAINE Precipitation Chemistry Network: Statistical
Overview for the Period 1976-1980," Atmos. Environ. In press.
"Wet-Removal Processes," in EPA Critical Assessment Document on
Acid Rain. In review.
MILESTONES:
1. MAP3S/RAINE Steering Group selected. (Spring 1980)
2. MAP3S/RAINE Coordination and Review Group selected.
(Spring 1980)
3. Urban vs. point source modeling analysis completed.
(Summer 1980)
4. President's Acid Rain Assessment Plan drafted. (Summer
1980)
5. MAP3S/RAINE status paper presented (BANF). (Fall 1980)
6. Precipitation chemistry collectors purchased. (Fall 1980)
7. "Wet Removal of Fine Particles" chapter completed for EPA
Monograph Series. (Winter 1980)
8. MAP3S/RAINE Design Document finalized. (Winter 1980)
9. MAP3S/RAINE Precipitation Chemistry Network Statistical
Overview paper coordinated and completed. (Spring 1981)
10. SRI precipitation gridding project funding. (Spring 1981)
11. STEM regional modeling project funded. (Spring 1981)
12. MAP3S/RAINE model comparison coordinated and completed.
(Summer 1981)
13. OSCAR field project coordinated and completed. (Summer
1981)
14. Wet-Removal Processes chapter in EPA Critical Assessment
Document on Acid Rain completed. (Summer 1981)
15. MAP3S/RAINE dedicated Atmospheric Environment issue in to
press. (Fall 1981)
16. Change Directors. (Winter 1981)
50
-------
CODE: C-20
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Structured Program
(MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD W181M
Development
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
P. Michael
(516) 282-2264
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Atmospheric Sciences Division
Upton, NY 11973
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
1981-1983 (In Review)
FUNDING:
Derived from various program components
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this program component is to develop modeling
procedures for the development of an overall MAP3S/RAINE
Eulerian model of pollutant deposition.
A modular computer code is being designed, developed, and
documented to serve as a framework of the overall model.
Programming standards and protocols are being defined as
a central part of the computer code.
Four major aspects have been identfied as requiring attention:
(1) logical ordering of the calculations, (2) internal data
communication, (3) external data communication, and (4) user
input/output.
Efforts to date have included the definition of general computa-
tional flow, development of internal data transfer protocols,
definition of an interim data file structure for external data
communication, and testing of the interim framework model with
simple parameterization models.
51
-------
Further work, projected to continue through FY83, will include
coupling of various graphical output techniques, comparison of
model results with field data, and development of a user manual.
MILESTONES:
1. Structure defined, programming standards and conventions
documented. (Spring 1981)
2. Outline code written with interim modules. (Summer 1981)
3. Transport coupled to air mass precipitation systems.
(Spring 1982)
4. Multiple layered advection diffusion. (Spring 1982)
5. -Interim Nonlinear Regional Scale Chemistry Module.
(Spring 1982)
6. Improved Wet Removal/Transformation Module. (Spring 1982)
7. Improved Gas-to-Particle/Particle-to-Particle Transformation
Module. (Spring 1982)
8. In-Cloud Sulfate-Nitrate Conversion Module. (Summer 1982)
9. Improved Regional Scale Chemistry Module. (Summer 1982)
10. Plume Rise-Subgrid Parameterization Coupled to Near Field
Chemical Transformation. (Summer 1982)
11. Interim Subgrid Cloud Parameterization. (Summer 1982)
12. Other improved modules as available. (Summer 1982)
13. Draft User Manual. (Spring 1983)
14. Three-dimensional version of advection and diffusion.
(Spring 1983)
15. Comparison of model results with field data. (Summer 1983)
16. Model used for evaluation of acid rain mitigation
strategies. (Fall 1983)
17. User Manual available. (Fall 1983)
18. Following modules installed: (Postponed)
Plume Rise and Subgrid Dispersion
Wind Field Initialization Module
Input Data Files from Routine Weather Observations
52
-------
CODE: C-21
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Transport and
(MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD B480E
Transformation Experiments
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
P. Michael
(516) 282-2264
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Atmospheric Sciences Division
Upton, NY 11973
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
1980-1981 (in review)
FUNDING:
FY8 0:
FY81:
5316K
$ 55K
ABSTRACT:
This project was designed with the objective of collecting field
data to guide the development of, and to test, regional scale
air quality models.
During the first phase of the MAP3S Program, this project was
directed toward characterization and documentation of air
quality over the Greater Northeast, and an examination of long
range transport mechanisms. The characterization and documenta-
tion, which_^ncluded spatial and temporally resolved measurements
of SO2, SO^ ,
meteorological
the EPRI/SURE
NO
°v
variables,
Program.
light scattering particulates, and
was done largely in collaboration with
In FY 80, emphasis shifted toward preparation for the MAP3S/
RAINE phase of the program. Efforts included modification and
upgrading of instrumentation, program planning, and some diversion
to other activities (PCD's B380E, and B580E).
During FY81, the resources of this project were diverted to the
OSCAR (Oxidation Scavenging Characteristics of April Rains)
experiment.
53
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Michael, P., R. Brown, and R. Garber. "Comparison of Particulate
and Gaseous Material Within and Above the Mixed Layer,"
Proceedings of Fourth Symposium on Turbulence, Diffusion, and
Air Pollution, American Meteorological Society, 1979.
Michael, P., J. Tichler, R. Garber, and R. Brown. Data Collected
Aboard the BNL Aircraft During AMBIENS, BNL Report 26161, 1979.
Michael, P., J. Tichler, R. Garber, and R. Brown. MAP3S Charac-
terization Flights, BNL Report 26584, 1979.
Michael, P., J. Tichler, R. Garber, and R. Brown. MAP3S/SURE
Intensive Study, Data Collected Aboard the BNL Aircraft, BNL
Report 26577, 1979.
MILESTONES:
1. Preliminary data reports on characterization and ducting
experiments. (Spring 1980)
2. Preliminary data reports on AMBIENS. (Summer 1980)
54
-------
CODE: C-22
PROJECT
TITLE:
Formation of Acid Rain Atmospheric
Aerosols by Heterogeneous Processes
(MAP3S/RAINE)
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PCD E180E
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
T. Novakov
(415) 486-5319
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
One Cyclotron Road
Berkeley, CA 94720
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1981 to 1983 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY8 0:
FY81:
$ 50K
$ 50K
ABSTRACT:
This project was designed for the investigation of several
heterogeneous chemical reactions occurring between gases and
particles. These reactions contribute to the formation of
sulfate, nitrate, and H in rain.
Two approaches were used in the investigation: (1) an aqueous
solution kinetic reaction study, in which the reaction between
dissolved NO- and SO2 was studied, and (2) a laboratory fog
chamber in wnich dispersed wetted soot particles were exposed to
so2.
Since the carbon particles used in the fog chamber merely
simulated actual atmospheric soot particles, work has progressed
to characterize atmospheric soot particles in terms of their
ability to oxidize S(IV).
A rate expression for oxidation of S(IV) by soot particles has
been developed and published. Cloud and rain sampling, fog
chamber studies and kinetics studies are projected to continue
through FY83.
55
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Benner, W. H., R. Brodzinsky, and T. Novakov. "Oxidation of S02
m Droplets Which Contain Soot Particles," Atm. Environ. In
press.
Oblath, S. B., S. S. flarkwitz, T. Novakov, and S. G. Chang.
"Kinetics of the Formation of Hydroxylamine Disulfonate by
Reaction of Nitrite With Sulfite," J. Phys. Chem., V. 85,
1981, pp. 1017-1021.
Oblath, S. B., S. S. flarkowtiz, T. Novakov, and S. G. Chang.
"Reaction of Nitrite Ion With Hydroxylamme-n-Sulfonate in
Aqueous Solution," J. Phys. Chem. In press.
MILESTONES:
1. Reaction products from exposure of wet soot particles to
SO2 will be quantitated. (Spring 1981)
2. A rate equation will be determined for the reaction between
HNO2 and HSO-j" at low pH. (Spring 1981)
3. pH and chemical species measurements of Berkeley fogs and
. rains will be made. (Summer 1981)
4. Determination of S(IV) oxidation by ambient soot particles.
(Winter 1981)
5. Reaction products from exposure of wet soot particles to
SO2 and/or NO will be determined. Wetted urban
particles will also be used. (Spring 1982)
6. A rate equation will be determined for the reaction between
hydroxylamine monosulfonate and nitrous acid. (Summer 1982)
7. pH and chemical species measurements of cloud and ram
samples will be made. (Fall 1982)
8. Fog chamber studies will be conducted at relative humidity
less than 100 percent to determine the importance of the
quasidroplet mechanism. The light scattering properties
and size distribution of dried fog droplets, after exposure
to pollutant gases, will be studied. (Summer 1983)
9. The kinetics of the effect of soot particles and metal 10ns
on the reactions between NO and SO„ in aqueous
solutions will be studied. x(Fall 1983)
56
-------
CODE: C-23
PROJECT
TITLE:
MAP3S/RAINE Eulerian Model
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PCD B180M
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
A. Patrinos
(516) 282-2268
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Atmospheric Sciences Division
Upton, NY 11973
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
1980-1983 (In Review)
FY80:
FY81:
$95K
$120K
ABSTRACT:
Work dealing with the MAP3S/RAINE Eulerian Model is viewed in
terms of four components:
1. Development of a numerical scheme for the dispersion,
deposition, and linear reaction of the various pollutant
species satisfying various conditions of accuracy and
conservation.
2. Inclusion of a software package, to accommodate the non-
linear interaction of the chemical species, which meshes
satisfactorily with the dispersion scheme.
3. Extension of the model to 3-D by a "layer" approach for
the vertical direction.
4. Applications of the model to realistic conditions
requiring objective meteorological analyses and gridded
emissions distributions serving as inputs to the model.
57
-------
Components 1 and 4 have received all the attention to date.
The pseudo-spectral method was chosen as the numerical scheme
together wtih an expanding grid. Considerable effort has been
devoted to the formulation and testing of both 1-D and 2-D
filtering algorithms for use in the numerical method. In
addition, data from the MAP3S power plant emissions inventory
have been gridded to the expanding mesh used for the model,
and various distribution procedures are being tested.
PUBLICATIONS:
Patrinos, A. A. N and fl. J. Leach. Proceedings of the Third
Joint Conference on Applications oF~Air Pollution Meteorology
(San Antonio, TX, January 11-15, 1982).
MILESTONES:
1. Development of the 2-D pseudospectral model with appropri-
ate routines for filtering and conservation. Application
to the SO„/SO.~ problem with realistic emissions, simple
winds, ana linear chemistry. (Spring 1982)
2. Incorporation of the computational modules of the model
into the FRAMEWORK program. (Spring 1982)
3. Formulation of the objective analysis of winds for the
expanding grid. Testing of Milestone 1 with realistic
winds. (Summer 1982)
4. Development of the nonlinear chemical reaction software
package. Testing with select species and incorporation
into the FRAMEWORK program. (Fall 1982)
5. Application of the chemical reaction software package
to all important chemical species. (Winter 1982)
6. Extension of model to 3-D with a "layer" approach.
(Spring 1983)
7. Development of routines for wet deposition modeling.
(Summer 1983)
8. Model verification. (Winter 1983)
58
-------
CODE: C-24
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Precipitation Scavenging of Pollutants
Dr. Hans Pruppacher
(213) 825-1038
UCLA, Atmospheric Sciences Department
Los Angeles, CA 90024
Mr. Herbert Viebrock
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
FTS 629-4543
(919) 541-4543
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
1978-1981
FY78: $61K
FY79: $78K
FY80: $8 5K
ABSTRACT:
This project was designed to theoretically and experimentally
model the scavenging of particulate and gaseous pollutants by
precipitation elements. Theoretical models were developed for
the scavenging of aerosols by ice crystals. These models were
then tested in the UCLA rain shaft and cloud tunnel. In addition,
models were developed and tested for the description of the
scavenging of SO2 by clouds and small raindrops. The results
of these studies have been published in journal articles.
PUBLICATIONS:
Martin, J. J., P. K. Wang, H. R. Pruppacher. "A Theoretical
Study of the Effect of Electrical Charges on the Efficiency
With Which Aerosol Particles Are Collected by Ice Crystal
Plates," Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, V. 78,
1980, pp. 44-56.
Martin, J. J., P. K. Wang, H. R. Pruppacher, A. E. Hamieliec.
"Efficiency With Which Aerosol Particles of Radius Larger Than
0.1 Are Collected by Simple Ice Crystal Plates," Pageograph,
V. 118, 1980, pp. 1109-1129.
59
-------
MILESTONES:
1. Journal articles on the Scavenging of Aerosols by Precipitation
Elements. (May 1980)
2. Journal article on the Scavenging of SO~ by Raindrops.
(April 1981)
60
-------
CODE: C-25
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Effects of Urban Sources on Regional
Deposition Chemistry (MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD B180E
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
G. S. Raynor
(516) 282-2268
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Atmospheric Sciences Division
Upton, NY 119 73
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1980-1984 (In Review;
FUNDING:
FY8 0 :
FY81:
$20K
$18 5K
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed to investigate the relative importance
of the pollutants emitted by a major urban source and the con-
tributions from dispersed background sources in the vicinity of
a metropolitan area.
Fixed or mobile ground level stations, supplemented by aircraft
where feasible, are being used to take measurements. Temporary,
manually operated stations, rather than fixed samplers, may be
used in selected precipitation events because of the success
of the Intermediate Density OSCAR (Oxidation and Scavenging
Characteristics of April Rains) experiment.
Progress on this project has been delayed by diversion of effort
to the OSCAR experiment, although most of the work planned for
FY80 and FY81 either has been accomplished or is in progress.
Efforts are expected to continue through FY83.
61
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Raynor, G. S. "Design and Preliminary Results of the Inter-
mediate Density Precipitation Chemistry Experiment," To be
presented at and printed in preprint volume of AMS/APCA Third
Joint Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology
(San Antonio, TX, January 11-15, 1982), Report BNL 29992.
MILESTONES:
1. Install event precipitation samplers at selected sites.
(Winter 1981)
2. Obtain samples with fixed and mobile samplers and aircraft.
(Spring 1982)
3. Analyze upwind-downwind differences in precipitation
chemistry. (Spring 1983)
4. Analyze above-below urban plume difference in precipitation
and air chemistry. (Summer 1983)
5. Relate above results to source emissions and meteorological
conditions. (Fall 1983)
6. Apply results to washout models. (Winter 1983)
62
-------
CODE: C-26
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Relationships of Within-Event Precipitation
Composition Changes to Meteorology,
Trajectory, and Concurrent Air Pollutant
Concentration (MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD B280E
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
G. Raynor
(516) 282-2268
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Atmospheric Sciences Division
Upton, NY 11973
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
1980-1984 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY80:
FY81:
$ 7 5K
$95K
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed to (1) document relationships between
changes in precipitation chemistry and meteorological conditions
over short time periods, (2) determine relationships between
local atmospheric and precipitation chemistries, (3) provide
information on the relative importance of rainout and washout,
(4) identify probable source regions of pollutants in precipita-
tion, and (5) obtain a high quality data set for model evaluation
Sampling has been done on a sequential basis with precipitation
chemistry and meteorological data being entered in a computer
data base. Several analytical studies have been conducted using
the sequential data. A trajectory model has been modified for
calculating back trajectories and is being used to identify
probable source regions.
Sequential measurements at a non-coastal location have been
partially obtained by the OSCAR experiment.
63
-------
Some delays were experienced by diversion of effort to the
OSCAR experiment, although the results of that experiment will
also help to meet the objectives of this project. Work efforts
on this project are expected to carry through FY83.
PUBLICATIONS:
Michael, P. and G. S. Raynor. "Modifications of Trajectory
Models Needed for Pollutant Source-Receptor Analysis," in
NATO/CLMS 12th International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution
Modeling and Its Application (Palo Alto, CA, August 25-28,
1981), 1981.
Raynor, G. S. and J. V. Hayes. "Acidity and Conductivity
of Precipitation in Central Long Island, New York in Relation
to Meteorological Variables," Water, Air and Soil Pollution,
V.-15, 1981, pp. 229-245.
Raynor, G. S. and J. V. Hayes. "Concentrations of Some Ionic
Species in Central Long Island, New York Precipitation in
Relation to Meteorological Variables," Water, Air and Soil
Pollution. In press, 1981.
Raynor, G. S. and J. V. Hayes. "Variation in Chemical Wet
Deposition With Meteorological Conditions," Accepted Atmos.
Environ. , 1981.
Raynor, G. S. and J. V. Hayes. "Relationships of Chemical
Wet Deposition to Precipitation Amount and Meteorological
Conditions," Proc. Session on Airborne Precipitation Contami-
nants and Effects: Acid Ram, 181st National Meeting of
American Chemical Society (Atlanta, GA, March 30-April 3,
1981), 1981.
Raynor, G. S. and J. V. Hayes. "Effects of Varying Air
Trajectories on Spatial and Temporal Precipitation Chemistry
Patterns," Accepted Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 1981.
Raynor, G. S. and J. V. Hayes. Testing of the ARL-ATAD Trajec-
tory Model on Cases of Particle Wet Deposition After Long-
Distance Transport From Known Source Regions, Brookhaven
Report BNL-29702, 1981.
Raynor, G. S. and J. V. Hayes. "Applications of Within-Event
Precipitation Chemistry Measurements," To be presented at and
published in proceedings of ASTM Symposium and Workshop on
Sampling and Analysis of Rain (Philadelphia, PA, October 7,
1981).
Raynor, G. S. "Design and Preliminary Results of the Inter-
mediate Density Precipitation Chemistry Experiment," To
be presented and printed in preprint volume of AMS/APCA Third
Joint Conference on Applications of Air Pollution Meteorology,
(San Antonio, TX, January 11-15, 1982), Report BNL 29992,
1981.
64
-------
MILESTONES:
1. Continue sequential sampling at BNL. (Spring 1980)
2. Begin trajectory analysis. (Winter 1980)
3. Install air chemistry instrumentation and acoustic sounder.
(Spring 1981)
4. Make air chemistry measurements on selected events.
(Winter 1981)
5. Construct second sequential sampler. (Spring 1982)
6. Install second sampler and associated instruments.
(Fall 1982)
7. Operate second station. (Winter 1982)
8. Data analysis and application to model. (Fall 1983)
65
-------
CODE: C-27
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Refinement, Verification, and Application
of a Long Range Transport Model of
so2/so4
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Dr. Elmer Reiter
(303) 491-8555
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Colorado State University
Fort Collins, Colorado
PROJECT George Holzworth
OFFICER: Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
FTS 629-4551
(919) 541-4551
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE: 1979-1981
FUNDING: FY79: $60K
FY8 0: $ 7 5K
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this project was to develop a long-range
transport and diffusion model for SO^ and SO- that includes
transformation to SO^ and dry/precipitation deposition.
The transport/diffusion algorithms used were based on synoptic-
scale 12-hour upper air measurements made by the National
Weather Service, while transformation rates and deposition
velocities were obtained from literature. Observed concentra-
tions were compared with calculated concentrations and a project
report and summary were published in the Summer of 1981.
PUBLICATIONS:
Henmi, T. "Long-Range Transport Model of S09 and Sulfate and
Its Application to the Eastern U.S.," published by World
Meteor. Org., WMO-NO. 538, 1979.
Henmi, T. and E. R. Reiter. Long-Range Transport and Transforma-
tion of SO^ and Sulfate, EPA-600/4-79-068, 1979.
Project Report and Summary on Long-Range Transport and Transforma-
tion of SO_ and Sulfate Refinement, Application, and Verifica-
tion of the Models. (May 1981)
66
-------
CODE: C-28
PROJECT
TITLE:
Precipitation Chemistry Field Program
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
Major John K. Robertson, U.S.A.
(914) 938-3429
U.S. Military Academy
West Point, NY 10996
Herbert Viebrock
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
FTS 629-4543
(919) 541-4543
1979 to 1982
FUNDING:
FY 7 9
FY80
FY 81
$ 25K
$25K
$5K
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this project is to estimate the pollutant
scavenging efficiency of convective and frontal storms. A
sequential precipitation sampling system was developed and has
been put in use. The collected samples are being analyzed for
pH, organic, and inorganic species. The resulting data base
will be used to estimate the removal rate of pollutants by
precipitation. A description of the collection system has been
published in an EPA report and the results of the field study
are projected to be published in early 1982.
PUBLICATIONS:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Report on the Chemistry
of Precipitation from Sequentially Sampled Storms, EPA-600/
4-80-004, January 1980.
MILESTONES:
1. EPA Report (EPA-600/4-80-004) on the Chemistry of Precipita-
tion from Sequentially Sampled Storms. (January 1980)
2. EPA Report on the Field Study of the Scavenging Efficiency
of Precipitation. (February 1982)
67
-------
CODE: C-29
PROJECT
TITLE:
Precipitation Scavenging: Field Studies
and Diagnostic Modeling (MAP3S/RAINE)
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PCD C180E
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Bryan
(509)
Scott
375-6161
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Pacific Northwest Laboratories
P.O. Box 999
Richland, WA 99352
PROJECT
OFFICER:
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ¦
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1980 to 1984 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY79
FY8 0
FY81
$ 340K
$ 27 0K
$310K
ABSTRACT:
This program is designed for the determination of the dominant
scavenging mechanisms for a variety of pollutants, and for
development of an improved capability to predict the wet
removal of pollutants by clouds and precipitation. The work
required to accomplish these objectives has been divided into
three categories: historical data analysis, regional scale data
interpretation, and experimental design and execution. As work
has progressed, emphasis has been intentionally placed on the
latter two categories.
Field studies, representing a major program component, have been
directed toward collecting data that would allow for model
development and subsequent prediction of scavenging coefficients
for soluble aerosol, rates for m-cloud conversion of SO„ to SO.,
and otner related phenomena. One particularly large-scale field
study, OSCAR (Oxidation and Scavenging Characteristics of April
Rains), provided for a detailed examination of wet transforma-
tion and removal processes in selected frontal systems as they
passed over the northeastern quadrant of the United States. The
OSCAR study not only provided new information on storm systems,
but tested the adequacy of existing networks to characterize the
spacial and temporal variaiblity of such storms.
68
-------
The analysis and evaluation of collected data will guide the
development of additional field studies, which, in conjunction
with the subsequent data analysis, will carry the project
through FY8 3.
Results of the studies to date have been accepted for publica-
tion as several journal articles. Additional publications will
be generated as work continues.
PUBLICATIONS:
Hales, J. M. "Mechanistic Analysis of Precipitation Scavenging
Using a One-Dimensional, Time-Varient Model," accepted for
publication in Atmos. Env., 1981.
Scott, B. C. "Predictions of In-Cloud Conversion Rates of SC>2
to. S04 Based Upon a Simple Chemical and Dynamical Model,"
submitted to Atmos. Env., 1981.
Scott, B. C. "Sulfate Washout Ratios in Winter Storms,"
J. Appl. Met. , 1981.
Scott, B. C. "Theoretical Estimates of the Scavenging
Coefficient for Soluble Aerosol as a Function of Precipitation
Type, Rate and Altitude," accepted for publication in Atmos.
Łnv., 1981.
Thorp, J. M. and B. C. Scott. "Preliminary Calculations of
Average Storm Duration and Seasonal Precipitation Rates for
the Northeast Sector of the United States," accepted for
publication in Atmos. Env., 1981.
MILESTONES:
1. Publication on washout ratios. (Spring 1980)
2. Finish washout calculations for Muskegon. (Spring 1980)
3. Cloud-water collector test flights. (Summer 1980)
4. Relate radar film to scavenging in Muskegon. (Summer 1980)
5. Complete climatology of eastern U.S. region. (Winter 1980)
6. Relate meteorology to precipitation chemistry, precipita-
tion rate, and submit for publication. (Spring 1981)
7. OSCAR High-density network experiment design. (Summer 1981)
OSCAR execution. (Summer 1981)
69
-------
8. Frontal storm study (OSCAR). (Summer 1981)
9. Publication on climatology. (Summer 1981)
10. Completed regional scale storm budget study. (Fall 1981)
11. Publication of OSCAR experiment overview volume (with ANL,
BNL). (Spring 1982)
12. OSCAR high-density network event analyses [includes prep-
aration of data for central data base, publication of event
description volume (with ANL, BNL)], and analyses of event
results. (Summer 1982)
13. OSCAR precipitation sample chemical analysis (four events).
(Spring 1983)
14. Planning of additional field studies based upon OSCAR
results and experience. (Winter 1983)
15. Publication of Muskegon data. (postponed)
16. Relate updraft velocities to liquid water content, SO^
concentrations. (postponed)
17. Examine sequential samples for percentage of SO., N03
conversion acidity, NO^ and S04 correlations. (postponed)
18. Convective cloud field study, first and second effotrs.
(postponed)
19. Complete analysis of aerosol data, CCN, fraction aerosol
activated. (postponed)
70
-------
CODE: C-30
PROJECT
TITLE:
Development of Verification Techniques for
Regional Dispersion Models (MAP3S/RAINE)
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PCD A88 0M
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
J. Shannon
(312) 972-5807
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 S. Cass Avenue
Argonne, IL 60439
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF 1980-1983 (In Review)
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING: FY80: $10K
FY81: $14K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project is to develop the structure of
regional scale air quality and chemical deposition parameters,
and to verify the MAP3S Eulerian eposodic model. A literature
review is being conducted to provide information regarding
verification techniques which will be applied using data from
regional concentration and deposition networks such as MAP3S and
SURE. Verification of the eposodic model is projected to be
completed in the Summer of 1983.
MILESTONES:
1. Verification technique literature review. (Postponed)
2. Development of the structure of regional-scale air quality
and chemical deposition parameters. (Spring 1981)
3. Application of verification techniques to preliminary
Eulerian eposodic model simulations. (Summer 1982)
4. Verification of MAP3S Eulerian episodic model. (Summer 1983)
5. Comparison of MAP3S Lagrangian models. (FY81-FY82)
6. Evaluation of ASTRAP in US/Canadian effort. (FY81-FY82)
71
-------
CODE: C-31
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Documentation of the Advanced Statistical
Trajectory Regional Air Pollution (ASTRAP)
Model (MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD A280M
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
J. Shannon
(312) 972-5807
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 S Cass Avenue
Argonne, IL 60439
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1980-1981 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY80: $15K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project is to produce a users guide for the
ASTRAP model complete with explanations of code, theory, and
data preprocessing. To date, the theory and structure of the
model have been described and intercompared with data and
results of other models. Verification of the model has been
limited, however, because of insufficient data for rigorous
statistical tests.
Preparation of the users guide for ASTRAP has been delayed due
to diversion of effort to work with the US/Canadian work group
and to difficulties in describing the preprocessing of meteor-
ological data. The users guide is projected to be completed in
FY82.
PUBLICATIONS:
Shannon, J. D. "A Model of Regional Long-Term Average Sulfur
Atmospheric Pollution, Surface Removal and Net Horizontal
Flux," Atmos. Environ., V. 15, 1981, pp. 689-701.
72
-------
MILESTONES:
1. Journal article on ASTRAP. (1981)
2. Completion of User's Guide. (1982)
73
-------
CODE: C-32
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Investigation of Alternate Numerical
Techniques for Solving the Advection
Diffusion Equation (MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD A18 0M
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
J. Shannon
(312) 972-5807
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 S. Cass Avenue
Argonne, IL 60439
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1980-1981 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY80:
FY81:
$10K
$15K
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed to evaluate two methods for solving the
advection - diffusion equation. The two methods under investiga-
tion are the puff-on-cell technique and the Gaussian moment
conservation (GMC) technique.
To date, the puff-on-cell technique has been expanded to three
dimensions and made operational on the urban street canyon
scale, whereas the GMC technique has been tested only m 2
dimensions.
Conclusions regarding usefulness of the two techniques are
pending further investigation.
PUBLICATIONS:
Shannon, J. D. "A Gaussian Moment-Conservation Diffusion Model,"
J. Appl. Meteor., V. 18, 1979, pp. 1406-1414.
74
-------
MILESTONES:
1. Expand puff-on-cell to three dimensions. (Summer 1980)
2. Evaluate numerical techniques in a MAP3S Eulerian framework.
(Summer 1981)
3. Expand GMC model to three dimensions (to be done FY82).
4. Evaluate puff-on-cell and GMC techniques on MAP3S framework
model (to be done FY82).
75
-------
CODE: C-33
PROJECT
TITLE:
Parameterization of Plume Rise and
Subgrid Dispersion (MAP3S/RAINE)
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PCD A3 80M
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
J. Shannon
(312) 972-5807
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 S. Cass Avenue
Argonne, IL 60439
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1980-1982 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY8 0:
FY81:
$10K
$20K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project is to encode the 6-particle puff
dynamic plume rise model in accordance with MAP3S framework grid
model nomenclature, and to maximize the efficiency of the plume
rise and subgrid dispersion calculations.
Although similar modules are operational in other applications,
the parameterizations for the framework model have been delayed
until FY82.
MILESTONES:
1. Encode 6-particle puff dynamic plume rise model in accordance
with MAP3S framework grid model nomenclature. (Postponed)
2. Maximize efficiency of plum rise and subgrid dispersion
calculations. (Postponed)
3. Combine with near-source plume chemistry parameterizations.
(Postponed)
76
-------
CODE: C-34
PROJECT
TITLE:
Simple Parameterizations of Wet Removal
(MAP3S/RAINE)
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PCD A480M
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
J. Shannon
(312) 972-5807
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 S. Cass Avenue
Argonne, IL 60439
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1980-1983 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY8 0:
FY81:
$ 5K
$10K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project is to simplify parameterizations
used in models by the estimation of meteorological or air
quality data on an unobserved scale. To date, a bulk sulfur
removal rate, proportional to the half-power of the precipita-
tion rate, was tested in the ASTRAP model with the intention of
combining the effects of rapid m-cloud oxidation of SO2
(rainout) and washout. The test results indicated that the
initial rate of removal must be reduced. Further efforts to
improve parameterizations of bulk removal by wet processes are
projected to continue through FY8 3.
PUBLICATIONS:
Hicks, B. B. and J. D. Shannon. "A Method for Modeling the
Deposition of Sulfur by Precipitation Over Regional Scales,"
J. Appl. Meteor., V. 18, 1979, pp. 1415-1420.
MILESTONES:
1. Inclusion of a quasi-temperature dependence (i.e., latitudinal)
in wet removal. (Spring 1982)
2. Improved parameterizations of bulk removal by wet processes
as results from field studies become available. (Summer
1983)
77
-------
CODE: C-35
PROJECT
TITLE:
Precipitation Scavenging Studies
(MAP3S/RAINE)
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PCD A180E
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
D. Sisterson, S. Johnson, and R. Kumar
(312) 972-4342
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 S. Cass Ave.
Argonne, IL 60439
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
1980-1984 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY80: $9 5K
FY81: $125K
ABSTRACT:
The precipitation scavenging studies conducted under this
pro]ect are divided into three tasks: (1) collection and
evaluation of precipitation data to identify compositional
variations, (2) ambient aerosol sampling, analysis, and cor-
relation between precipitation and aerosol chemistry, and
(3) evaluation of the relationship between meteorological
conditions and precipitation acidity.
Precipitation sampling was initiated in 1980 and compositional
variations were documented. Aerosol sampling, operational since
June 1980, has included over 25 events. The results of the
aerosol analyses have been tabulated, graphically plotted, and
detailed correlations between precipitation and aerosol chemistry
are still under analysis. A preliminary evaluation of the
relationship between meteorological conditions and precipitation
acidity has revealed expected trends, although a more detailed
study is in progress. Analyses are expected to continue through
FY83.
78
-------
MILESTONES:
1. Initiation of NADP sampling at ArgOnne. (Summer 1980)
2. Completion of analysis of 1979 ANL precipitation chemistry
data. (Winter 1980)
3. Commencement of precipitation sampling at downtown Chicago
site. (Spring 1981)
4. Completion of comparisons between ANL and Chicago
precipitation. (Winter 1982)
5. Completion of analyses of chemical data and related meteor-
ological data. (Winter 1983)
79
-------
CODE: C-36
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Organic Nitrogen
(MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD C480E
Compounds in Precipitation
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
C. Spicer
(614) 424-5319
Battelle Columbus Laboratories
505 King Avenue
Columbus, OH 43201
PROJECT
OFFICER:
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1980 to 1981 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY80:
FY81:
$ 50K
$70K
ABSTRACT:
This project involves the measurement of (1) organic nitrogen
compounds in precipitation, (2) ammonia interactions in water
at low concentrations, (3) PAN-water interactions, and (4) the
NO2 -O^ reaction rate in water solution.
Solubility apparatus were designed and constructed. Laboratory
findings in lat^e 1980 indicating the importance of PAN as a
precursor of H and NO ~ in precipitation, and their significance
in the overall MAP3S/RAINE objectives, has led to accelerated
research activity concerning areas 3 and 4 mentioned above.
This was intentionally done at the expense of the remaining two
areas.
Some organic nitrogen analyses were performed, and an improved
Kjeldahl methodology is currently being brought on line to allow
for investigation of the organic nitrogen feature in finer
detail. The NH^ solubility apparatus is ready for use; however,
further progress in this area has been curtailed as mentioned
previously.
80
-------
Early PAN tests demonstrated solubility and decay time. Further
tests to quantify the solubility and reaction rate are in their
final stages. Values obtained will be incorporated into numer-
ical scavenging models for future assessment of PAN removal
rates and precipitation chemistry.
The measurement of aqueous-phase NO-'-O^ reaction kinetics has
been completed and the results are being reviewed for publication.
PUBLICATIONS:
Chapman, E., R. Lee, and J. Hales. Atmospheric Environment.
In review.
Spicer, C. and M. Holdren. Journal of Applied Meteorology.
In preparation.
MILESTONES:
1. Begin microKjeldahl analysis of MAP3S/RAINE samples.
(Spring 1980)
2. NH^ solubility apparatus designed. (Spring 1980)
3. PAN solubility apparatus designed. (Fall 1980)
4. NH-, solubility apparatus constructed and operating.
(Summer 19 80)
5. Begin PAN solubility measurements. (Fall 1980)
6. Complete N02~ oxidation studies. (Spring 1981)
7. Begin PAN speciation studies in aqueous phase. (Spring 1981)
8. PAN measurements completed for OSCAR field study.
(Summer 19 81)
9. NH., solubility measurements completed; mechanism formulated
ana quantified. (Postponed)
10. PAN solubility and speciation studies completed.
(Winter 1981)
11. Possible application of solubility apparatus to additional
compounds. (Postponed)
12. Implement GC speciation studies (if advisable). (Postponed)
81
-------
CODE: C-37
PROJECT
TITLE:
Equilibrium Effects on Precipitation
Scavenging of Aerosols and Gases (MAP3S/RAINE)
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PCD B380E
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
R. Tanner
(516) 282-3578
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Atmospheric Sciences Division
Upton, NY 11973
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1980-1983 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY8 0:
FY81:
5165K
$225K
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed to determine the importance of phase
equilibrium effects on wet deposition processes in the ambient
atmosphere. The research findings may allow a major simplifica-
tion in quantitative modeling of precipitation composition and
the related contributions of gaseous and aerosol sulfur and
nitrogen compounds.
To achieve the stated objectives this project is being conducted
in three progressive phases: (1) measurement of phase equilib-
rium between gaseous and aerosol constituents in the boundary
layer troposphere, (2) extension of ground-based measurements to
ground-level phase equilibrium during precipitaiton events, and
measurements of phase equilibrium at various altitudes by
aircraft, and (3) measurement of gaseous, aerosol, and rain
droplet parameters as a function of altitude using an airborne
sampling platform.
At present, measurements of all key species in the ambient
NH.., HNO,, and N systems have been made in non-precipitating
atmospheres during all seasons in the northeast United States.
82
-------
From these data, the equilibrium products of ammonia and nitric
acid concentrations have been calculated In addition, a com-
parison has been made of measured gaseous concentration products
to calculated values for a nighttime period in summer.
Clean air phase 2 measurements and phase 3 work have been
delayed to allow for development and testing of instrumentation
prior to full-scale field experimentation. Work is projected
to continue through FY8 3 although it should be noted that
development of in. situ measurements of transient and/or stable
precipitation components using primary ion selective electrode
technology is no longer considered a goal of this program.
PUBLICATIONS:
Abbas, R. and R. L. Tanner. "Continuous Determination of
Gaseous Ammonia in the Ambient Atmosphere Using Fluorescence
Derivatization," Atmos. Environ., V. 15, 1981, pp. 277-281.
Brandner, J. D., N. M. Junk, J. W. Lawrence, and J. Robbins.
"Vapor Pressure of Ammonia Nitrate," J. Chem. Eng. Data
V. 7, 1962, pp. 227-228.
Forrest, J., D. J. Spandau, R. L. Tanner, and L. Newman.
''Determination of Atmospheric Nitrate and Nitric Acid Employing
a Diffusion Denuder With a Filter Pack," Atmos. Environ., 1981.
(Accepted)
Stelson, A. W. and J. H. Seinfeld. "Relative Humidity and pH
Dependence of the Vapor Pressure of Ammonium Nitrate-Nitric
Acid Solutions at 25°C," Atmos. Environ., 1981. (Accepted)
Tang, I. N. "On the Equilibrium Partial Pressures of Nitric
Acid and Ammonia in the Atmosphere," Atmos. Environ., V. 14,
1980, pp. 819-828.
Tanner, R. L. "An Ambient Experimental Study of Phase
Equilibrium in the Atmospheric System: Aerosol H , NH. , SO. ,
NO?_-NH?(g), HNO? (g ) , " Atmos. Environ. (Submitted September
1981) J
MILESTONES:
1. Complete two to four clear atmosphere experiments of phase
equilibrium between gases and aerosol constituents.
(Summer 19 81)
2. Develop aircraft-mounted precipitation collector.
(Winter 1981)
3. Conduct ground based equilibrium experiments (gas-aerosol-
precipitation) with meaurement of precipitation components
using new instruments for gaseous NH_ and HNO,.
(Spring 1982)
83
-------
4. Conduct airborne phase equilibrium experiments during
precipitation. (Fall 1982)
5. Incorporate chemical equilibrium and washout profile
considerations into experimental design of cooperative
experiments and apply to models. (Summer 1983)
6. Conduct cooperative field experiments incorporating both
ground and airborne sampling of species involved in gas-
aerosol-precipitation equilibria. (Summer 1983)
7. Initiate phase equilibrium experiments during periods of
rainfall with state-of-the-art measurement techniques for
precipitation components. (Postponed)
8. Conduct initial clear air phase equilibrium experiments
from an aircraft. (Postponed)
84
-------
PERTINENT PROJECTS LISTED IN OTHER CATEGORIES
B-l MAP3S/RAINE Central Data Coordination
85
-------
SECTION D: DEPOSITION MONITORING OF ACID SUBSTANCES
86
-------
CODE: D-l
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
Quality Assurance Guidelines and Reference
Samples (MT2)
Ralph Baumgardner
(919) 541-2723
See below
J. C. Puzak
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Quality Assurance Division (MD-77)
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919) 541-2196
FTS 629-2196
1980 to 1982
FY8 0:
FY81:
$6 5K
$95K
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this project has been to develop a quality
assurance program for acid precipitation monitoring. Quality
assurance guidelines were prepared for the development and
operation of precipitation monitoring networks. Suitable
quality control reference samples, applicable to the analysis
of components of precipitation, were developed.
Quality assurance reference materials were validated in the
Summer of 1981. Guidelines for application of quality assurance
measures were scheduled for publication in the Fall of 1981.
MILESTONES:
1. Reference materials and confirmatory analysis. (June 1981)
2. Acid precipitation network manual. (October 1981)
3. Develop procedures for pH measurements in low ionic
strength solutions. (September 1982)
87
-------
CODE: D-2
PROJECT
TITLE:
Remote and Mobile Measurement of Deposition
and Acid Precursors (MAP3S/RAINE)
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PCD C680E
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
K. Busness
(509) 375-6161
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Pacific Northwest
P.O. Box 999
Richland, WA 99352
Laboratory
PROJECT
OFFICER:
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1980-1982 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY8 0:
FY81:
$92K
$ 110K
ABSTRACT:
The primary objective of this project is to develop improved
measurement hardware, capable of producing higher quality data,
relevant to MAP3S needs and objectives.
Efforts to date have included the development of a sub-ppb
NO/NOx detection device, and a constant-pressure inlet system
for use with gas sampling instruments, both for use in aircraft,
In addition, several configurations of cloud water sampling
devices were tested, improvements were made in the physical
configuration of the DC-3 high-volume filter sampling system,
and the DC-3 data acquisition system was updated.
The original program description appears to have been over-
ambitious leaving several specific goals of the project
incomplete. The original projections were for work to carry
through FY81.
88
-------
MILESTONES:
1. Inlet system constructed and operating. (Spring 1980)
2. NO/NC>x analyzer constructed and operating. (Spring 1980)
3. Data acquisition software modified for QA-intensive
formatting. (Summer 1980)
4. Onboard calibration system finalized. (Summer 1980)
5. High-volume air sampler testing and calibrating completed.
(Spring 1981)
6. Extend NO^ instrument to HNO^ and NH^. (Spring 1981)
7. Cloud water sampler tested and operating. (Spring 1981)
8. Redesign of high-volume filter sampler. (Spring 1981)
9. Begin instrument development for other species (H202» PAN).
(Postponed)
10. Begin to develop real-time sulfate measurements. (Postponed)
11. Solid state data processors operational on MAP3S network.
(Postponed)
89
-------
CODE: D-3
PROJECT
TITLE:
Determination of the Chemical Composition
of Acid Precipitation - EPA Region Six
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
CR 807889
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Hal B. H. Cooper
(512) 471-5602
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
University of Texas, Austin
Center for Energy Studies
Austin, TX 78712
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Franz Burman
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
FTS 629-2346
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
July 1980 - July 1982
FUNDING:
FY81: $47.8K
ABSTRACT:
This project consists of an experimental determination of the
present temporal characteristics and spatial distributions of
acid deposition and of its chemical composition in EPA Region
Six. Data were taken at three stations and at a mobile sampling
device. Approximately 70 rainfall events were also sampled at a
total of seven sites.
PUBLICATIONS:
Feeley, James A. Acid Precipitation in Texas, Thesis, The
University of Texas at Austin, 1981.
Feeley, James A., and Howard Liljestrand. Source Contributions
to Acid Precipitation in Texas. In press.
Guier, David R. Acid Rainfall in Austin, Texas—Atmospheric
Mass Balance of the Sulfur Species, Thesis, The University of
Texas at Austin, 1981.
90
-------
Hughes, Richard L. Weak Acidity and Carbon Species in Rainfall
at Three Locations in Texas, Thesis, The University of Texas
at Austin, 1981.
Liljestrand, Howard, and James A. Feeley. "Kinetic Models for
Precipitation Acidity in Texas," ACS Symposium on Acid Rain,
Division of Chemistry Proceedings (Las Vegas, 1982).
Lopez-Gonzales, Jose A., and Cooper, Hal B. H., Jr., "Acid Rain
as an Environmental Problem in Texas," in Proceedings of the
Second Conference on Air Quality Management in the Electric
Power Industry, Continuing Engineering Studies, The University
of Texas at Austin, 1980.
Lopez-Gonzalez, Jose Alberto. Determination of Variations in
the Chemical Composition of Rainfall in Several Regions of
Texas through the Use of an Automated Sequential Sampler and
Analyzer, Dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin,
19 82.
Stem, David A. Precipitation Scavenging Aerosols, Thesis, The
University of Texas at Austin, 1981.
MILESTONES:
1. Final Report. (April 22, 1982)
91
-------
CODE: D-4
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Precipitation Chemistry Network
(MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD C280E
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
M. Terry Dana
(509) 372-2861;
(509) 575-5151
Pacific Northwest
P.O. Box 999
Richland, WA 99352
Laboratory
PROJECT
OFFICER:
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research
(RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1980-1983 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY79
FY8 0
FY81
$10K
$18 OK
$217K
ABSTRACT:
The MAP3S precipitation network consists of nine sites in the
northeastern quadrant of the U.S., and the principal analytical
laboratory at Pacific Northwest Laboratory. Since its implemen-
tation in 1976, the network has provided precipitation event
samples which are analyzed for RH, conductivity, SO~, SO. , NO ~,
N03 , CI , P04 , NH4 , K , Ca , and Mg . This net-
work of sampling and analysis has three facets of key importance,
(1) maintenance of the sites, (2) prompt chemical analysis, and
(3) rapid reporting of results.
In the past year, work to continue providing these services has
included the addition of the ninth sampling site, the conversion
from wet-only collectors to wet-dry collectors, and participa-
tion in the OSCAR (Oxidation and Scavenging Characteristics of
April Rains) field experiments. Future work, through FY83, is
to include the examination of seasonal and geographical vari-
ations and correspondence between the various sites' collections
for selected large-scale storms, and trend analyses to identify
changes in precipitation quality over periods of several years.
92
-------
Results of studies to date have been published in periodic
summary reports.
PUBLICATIONS:
The MAP3S Precipitation Chemistry Network: First Periodic
Summary Report, PNL-2402, 1977.
The MAP3S Precipitation Chemistry Network: Second Periodic
Summary Report, PNL-2829, 1979.
The MAP3S Precipitation Chemistry Network: Third Periodic
Summary Report, PNL-3400, 1980.
MILESTONES:
1. -Conversion of network equipment to commercially-available
collectors. (Summer 1981)
2. Site nine at Oak Ridge, Tennessee, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory added to the network. (Summer 1981)
3. OSCAR field experiment. (Fall 1981)
4. OSCAR sample analysis completed. (Summer 1982)
5. Release of Annual Summary of previous year's data and
selected statistical and travel analyses. (Summer 1983)
93
-------
CODE: D-5
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
Monitoring System Support to Acid Rain
Program (MT 1)
Gardner Evans
(919) 541-3887, FTS 629-3887
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
(MD-56)
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
Gerald Akland
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory (MD-56/
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919) 541-2346, FTS 629-2346
1979 to 1982
FY79
FY80
FY81
$ 130K
$235K
$ 2 05K
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this support system project is to provide an
integrated, centralized data bank for all monitoring projects
designed for the study of acid rain deposition, including
data from the NADP, MAP3S, WMO, TVA, CANSAP, and EPRI. The data
bank, operated by EMSL/RTP, became operational in December 1979,
and remained in a pilot phase through June 1980. During this
period, EPA monitored the data flow and assessed the user
requirements and problems. As a result, an updated user's guide
was produced.
MILESTONES:
1. Draft update user's guide. (September 1981)
2. Annual data inventory. (September 1982)
3. Annual data analysis of deposition chemistry patterns.
(September 1982)
4. Site inventory file. (December 1982)
94
-------
CODE: D-6
PROJECT
TITLE:
Intercomparison Field Study of Dry Deposition
Monitors and Measurement Methods
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
Donald Gatz
(217) 333-2512
Illinois State Water Survey
P.O. Box 232
Urbana, IL 61801
Dr. Jack Durham
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
FTS 629-2183
(919) 541-2183
1981 to June 1983
FUNDING:
FY81: $200K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this study is to compare objectively compare the
dry dust bucket, plate, and other approaches to dry deposition
monitoring against fundamental micrometeorological methods.
Dry dust buckets, plates, and other surrogate surface samplers
were compared against concentration monitoring and micrometeor-
ological methods. Field activity is complete and a journal
article containing results of this intercomparison field study
is projected for publication in 1983.
MILESTONES:
1. Sulfate dry deposition intercomparison field study
1981)
(October
2. Gas and particle intercomparison field study. (June 1982)
3. Journal article on results of intercomparison field study.
(June 1983)
95
-------
CODE: D-7
PROJECT
TITLE:
Dry Deposition Parameterization Studies
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Dr. Bruce Hicks
(312) 972-5792
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 S. Cass Ave.
Argonne, IL 60439
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Dr. Jack Durham
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919) 629-2183
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1981-1982
FUNDING:
FY81: $100K
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this study is to parameterize the dry flux of
pollutants of interest with respect to ecosystem acidification.
Eddy correlation, variance, or concentration profile techniques
will be used to measure the dry flux of ozone, sulfur gases, and
aerosols. Strong acids, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, nitric acid,
and sulfuric acid may also be measured if appropriate equipment
is available. New sensors and deposition monitors will also be
developed. Efforts on this project are projected to continue
through FY82 with the results being published in a journal
article.
MILESTONES:
1. Participate in dry deposition intercomparison field study.
(September 1981)
2. ANL contribution to draft report on results of dry deposition
intercomparison study. (January 1982)
3. Journal article on some direct measurements of atmospheric
sulfur fluxes over a pine plantation. (December 1982)
96
-------
CODE: D-8
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Monitoring Support System to Acid Rain
Program (MT3)
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
V. Ross Highsmith
(919) 541-3082
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory
(MD-75)
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
John Clements
Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory (MD-75
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919) 541-3082
1979 to 1981
FUNDING:
FY80: $150K
FY81: $150K
ABSTRACT:
This project was designed for the establishment of a Core
Network for use in identifying and developing a reliable acid
rain monitoring system in cooperation with the National Atmos-
pheric Deposition Program, and to develop and implement a
program for the assurance of data quality.
The work was divided into two tasks: (1) the development of a
cooperative agreement with Colorado State University for the
collection of samples, the analysis of samples by the Illinois
State Water Laboratory, and the procurement and testing of
field test prototype devices for on-site collection and analysis
of pH and conductivity; and (2) the development and implementa-
tion of a quality assurance program for the Core Network and
central analytical laboratory, which would include field audits,
split sample data collection, and station operation training.
Task 1 has been completed whereas Task 2 was still underway at
the time of this inventory.
MILESTONES:
1. Completed cooperative agreement with Colorado State
University for collection of samples and analysis by
Illinois State Water Laboratory. (November 1979)
97
-------
2. Provided training manuals and training to station operators.
(Completed April 1980)
3. Obtained split sample data to be used in quality assurance
for pH and conductivity. (Report issued May 1981)
4. Develop and implement a quality assurance program consist-
ing of a limited system audit (2 sites) and periodic
performance audits of the EPA Core Network (15 sites)
and Illinois State Water Laboratory. (August 1981)
5. Procure and field test prototype devices which may be
available for on-site direct collection and analysis of
precipitation for pH and conductivity. (Report issued
September 1980)
98
-------
CODE: D-9
PROJECT
TITLE:
Pollutant Dry Deposition Measurements
in a Hardwood Forest
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Dr. Kenneth Knoerr
(919) 684-2619
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Duke University
School of Forestry and Environmental Services
Durham, NC
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
Lester L. Spiller
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
FTS 629-2127
(919) 541-2127
1980 to February 1982
FUNDING:
FY8 0:
FY81:
$ 7K
$ 6K
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this project is to test the performance of dry
buckets, plates, concentration monitoring, variance, and eddy
accumulation for the measurement of dry flux aerosols and gases
in a hardwood forest. Surrogate surfaces will be tested to
provide mtercomparisons for various materials.
Duke University will provide a micrometeorological research site
in a mixed hardwood forest. EPA will provide dry collectors and
instruments for testing, perform chemical analyses of samples.
MILESTONES:
1.
2.
3.
Collection and Analysis of Samples for the Determination of
Dry Deposition Sulfate Flux at Various Levels on a Meteorologi-
cal Tower at Duke Forest. (October 1981 and Summer 1982)
Analysis and Interpretation of First Year's Data.
1981)
(Decembe r
Report on deposition measurement of sulfates by various methods
at Duke Forests. (July 1982)
99
-------
CODE: D-10
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Acid Deposition Precipitation Monitoring,
and Synoptic Lake Survey Sample Analysis
in the Lake States' Region (Minnesota/
Ontario, Wisconsin, and Michigan)
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
(1) Ed Marsolek
FTS 783-9471
(2) F. Boettcher
FTS 783-9526
(1) U.S. Forest Service
Ely, MN 55731
(2) Environmental Research
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
Laboratory
G. E. Glass
Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
FTS 783-9526, Comm. (218) 727-6692
October 1980 to September 1984
FUNDING:
FY81: $28.6K
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this project is to conduct acid deposition,
precipitation, monitoring, and lake survey sample analyses in
conjunction with ERL-D field studies and national monitoring
programs. Atmospheric monitoring sites will be set up to
determine depositional gradients across Minnesota, Wisconsin,
and upper Michigan. Collected precipitation, snow, and surface
water will be analyzed for water quality components.
To date, two interagency agreements, AD12F11600 and AD12F13300,
have been developed for operation of the site and laboratory
near Ely, Minnesota. A comprehensive station with participants
from MPCA, USFS, MP and DMOE has also been established, as well
as three NADP stations, operated by the WDNR, in the northern
Wisconsin area.
Annual precipitation monitoring reports will be issued from 1981
through 1984.
100
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, "Report on Acidic
Depositional Gradients in the Lake States Region," presented
at the ACS Symposium, (Las Vegas, March 1982).
MILESTONES:
1. Initiate IAG with USFS to operate Class A NADP site near
Ely, Minnesota (AD12F11600). (April 1980)
2. Annual report on precipitation-monitoring in Minnesota
(NADP Rep.) and establishment of APOS monitoring site.
(October 1981)
3. Annual report 1982 precipitation-monitoring in Minnesota
(NADP Rep. ) and APOS report. (October 1982)
4. Annual report 1983 precipitation-monitoring (NADP Rep.).
(October 1983)
5. Annual report 1984 precipitation-monitoring (NADP Rep.).
(October 1984)
101
-------
CODE: D-ll
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Operate Two NADP Sites in Western Oregon
to Track Trends in Acidic Deposition
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Danny L. Rambo
(503) 757-4695
FTS 420-4695
Northrup Services, Inc.
Corvallis, OR 97333
Charles F. Powers
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4684
FTS 420-4684
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1980 to 1987
FUNDING:
FY81: $ 20K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project is to monitor the chemistry of
Oregon rainfall routinely at selected sites for the identifi-
cation of anthropogenically induced changes that occur as
moisture passes "from the ocean over various geographic and
economic portions of the state.
Collection sites, operational since 1980, were established at
Alsea (in the Oregon Coast Range Mountains) and at the Schmidt
Experimental Farm near Corvallis. Both sites are approved by
the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) and collect
wet samples weekly and dry samples every two months. Analyses
of the samples are performed at EPA-Corvallis and by the
Illinois Water Survey laboratories.
Operation of the sites is projected to continue through FY87
with analysis results observations being published and
distributed quarterly by the NADP.
PUBLICATIONS:
National Atmospheric Deposition Programs, NADP Report:
Precipitation Chemistry; Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory,
Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, 1981 (Quarterly).
102
-------
CODE: D-12
PROJECT
TITLE:
Dry Deposition of Sulfates
in Duke Forest
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Dr. J. Sickles
(919) 541-6903
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Research Triangle Institute
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Lester Spiller
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919) 629-2127
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1981
FUNDING:
FY81: $ 24K
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this project is to test and compare the perform-
ance of dry dust buckets, plates, and other surrogate surface
samples for the measurement of dry flux aerosols and gases in a
hardwood forest.
Measurements and tests will be conducted at a microineteorologically
calibrated woodlands site.
MILESTONES:
1. Journal article on deposition of sulfate particles measured
by different methods. (July 1982)
103
-------
CODE: D-13
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Dry Deposition of Acid Aerosols and
Precursors (MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD A680E
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
M. Wesely
(312) 972-5827
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 S. Cass Ave.
Argonne, IL 60438
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
1980-1983 (In Review)
FUNDING:
FY8 0:
FY81:
$105K
$120K
ABSTRACT:
This project is directed toward the development of parameteriza-
tions of the dry deposition velocities for sulfates, sulfur
dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and other substances that affect the
acidity of aerosols and precipitation. More specifically the
work covered by this project is devoted to determining values of
the surface resistance applicable to various important surfaces.
Efforts to date have been focused on the deposition of submicron
particles, particularly those likely to contain sulfates and
NOx. Five field experiments were conducted in which the
fluxes of submicron particles were measured over surfaces
ranging from tall vegetation to ocean water. Data analyses are
incomplete on many of the field experiments, although some
unusual preliminary results have been produced and published.
Further work is planned to include data analyses and interpre-
tation, and additional field experiments on the flux of NOx and
acid aerosol to examine the influence of particle chemistry
on deposition rate behavior. Efforts under the direction of
this project are projected to continue through FY83.
104
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Hicks, B. B. "On the Dry Deposition of Acid Particles
to Natural Surfaces," Proceedings of the 12th Rochester
International Conference on Environmental Toxicity
(Rochester, NY, flay 21-23, 1979) , and in Polluted Rain, 1980,
pp. 327-346.
Hicks, B. B., G. D. Hess, and M. L. Wesely. "Analysis of
Flux-Profile Relationships Above Tall Vegetation ... An
Alternative View," Q.J.R. Meteor. Soc., V. 104, 1979, pp.
1074-1077.
Hicks, B. B., and M. L. Wesely. "Turbulent Transfer Processes
to a Surface and Interaction With Vegetation," ORNL Life
Sciences Symposium, Symposium on Potential Environmental
an,d Health Effects of Atmospheric Deposition (Gatlinburg,
TN, Oct. 14-18, 1979). In Atmospheric Sulfur Deposition
Environmental Impact and Health Effects, D. S. Shriner,
C. R. Richmond, and S. E. Lindberg, eds., Ann Arbor Science
Publishers, Inc.
Hicks, B. B. and tl. L. Wesely. "Wet and Dry Surface Deposition of
Air Pollutants and Their Modeling," NAS Conference on the
Conservation of Historic Stone Buildings and Monuments
(Washington, D.C., Feb. 2-4, 1980). In press.
Sheih, C. M., M. L. Wesely, and B. B. Hicks. "Estimated Dry
Deposition Velocities of Sulfur Over the Eastern United
States," Atmos. Environ., V. 13, 1979, pp. 1361-1368.
Wesely, M. L., D. R. Cook, and R. M. Williams. "Field Measure-
ments of Small Ozone Fluxes to Snow, Wet Bare Soil and
Lake Water," Boundary-Layer Meteorology, V. 20, 1981, pp.
459-471.
Wesely, M. L., J. A. Eastman, D. H. Stedman, and E. D. Yalva.
"An Eddy-Correlation Measurement of NO2 Flux to
Vegetation and Comparison to 0, Flux," Atmos. Environ.,
V. 15, 1981. In press.
MILESTONES:
1. Further field experiments on particle fluxes to vegetation.
(Summer 1980)
2. Field study of the deposition of acidic sulfate aerosol
to grass. (Fall 1981)
3. Completion of analysis of acidic sulfate particles.
(Spring 1982)
4. Field studies, as found necessary from previous experi-
ments, on the role of acidity and solubility of gaseous
and particulate pollutants in dry deposition processes.
(Fall 1982)
105
-------
Parameterization of deposition velocities of acid particles
and precursors. (Spring 1983)
Completion of analysis of particle fluxes for various
relative humidities. (Postponed)
106
-------
CODE: D-14
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Dry Deposition
(MAP3S/RAINE)
PCD A680M
Parameterization
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
M. Wesely
(312) 972-5827
Laboratory
Argonne National
9700 S. Cass Ave.
Argonne, IL 60439
William Keith
Office of Environmental Processes and
Effects Research (RD-682)
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0287
1980-1983 (In Review)
FY80:
FY81:
$10K
$10K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project is to provide a module for use with
the MAP3S framework model, which characterizes the dry deposition
of pollutant sulfur and nitrogen species. This will allow the
use of detailed information on land use and calculable atmospheric
stabilities with increased knowledge of receptor specific dry
deposition rates.
To date, initial estimates of the deposition velocities for
S02 and sulfate, along with the methods used for calculating
the velocities, have been published. As sufficient characteriza-
tion studies of NO deposition are completed, the results
will be presented in a similar format. Efforts on this project
are projected to continue through FY83.
PUBLICATIONS:
Sheih, C. M., M. L. Wesely, and B. B. Hicks. "Estimated Dry
Deposition Velocities of Sulfur Over the Eastern United
States," Atmos. Environ., V. 13, 1979, pp. 1361-1368.
1' 07.
-------
MILESTONES:
1. Modification of parameterizations as more knowledge is
gained from field studies. (Spring 1983)
2. Inclusion of initial dry deposition module in the framework
MAP3S grid model. (Postponed)
108
-------
SECTION E: AQUATIC IMPACTS
109
-------
CODE: E-l
PROJECT
TITLE:
Vulnerability of Lakes and Streams in the
Middle Atlantic U.S. to Acidification from
Long Range Transport of Air Pollution
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
Dr. Dean E. Arnold
(814) 865-6592; FTS 455-6592
Pennsylvania Cooperative Fishery Research Unit
(U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service)
328 Mueller Laboratory
Pennsylvania State University
University Park, PA 16802
R. Kent Schreiber, Program Coordinator
(304) 725-2061; FTS 925-5000
Charles F. Powers
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4684; FTS 420-4684
December 1980 to January 1982
FY81: $24.4K
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed to provide a field survey and analysis
of approximately 300 lakes and streams in the Mid-Atlantic
United States (New York through Tennessee) to assess the water's
vulnerability to acidification. This project is contiguous to
project E-25.
Data from surface water chemistry and historical records will be
used to calculate sensitivity indices and produce maps of the
vulnerable areas. Comparisons will then be made with projections
of vulnerability based on indirect indicators.
Results of the studies will be published in a final technical
report in early 1982.
PUBLICATIONS:
Glass, N. R., D. E. Arnold, et al
Precipitation," Environ. Sci
March
_ "Effects
Technol., V.
of Acid
16, No.
3,
1982, pp. 162A-169A.
110
-------
PROJECT
TITLE:
Effects of Acidification
Lakes in Florida
CODE: E-2
(AQ-75)
on Softwater
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Patrick L. Brezonik
Department of Civil and
University of Minnesota
Minneapolis, MN 55455
(612) 373-3972
Mineral Engineering
Thomas L. Crisman
Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL 32611
Department of Environmental
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL 32611
Engineering Sciences
PROJECT
OFFICER;
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
Robert T. Lackey (managed through NCSU
Cooperative Agreement)
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4806
FTS 420-4806
October 1980 to September 1981
FUNDING:
ABSTRACT:
FY80: $39.8K
As part of a long-range effort to determine the effects of acid
rain on the productivity and cycling of minerals and nutrients
in Florida's poorly buffered lakes and watersheds, efforts were
made to isolate the effects of acidification from those of
nutrient loading. The effects of pH on primary productivity, N
and P mineralization rates, Al levels, toxicity of A1 and H to
native fish species, and historical trends of acidification were
also studied. The results of the studies are presented m the
Annual Report dated December 1981 and in two other publications.
PUBLICATIONS:
Brezonik, Patrick L. "Effects of Acid Precipitation on Aquatic
Ecosystem," Society of American Foresters, Orlando, Florida,
September 29, 1981.
Brezonik, Patrick L. "Spatial and Temporal Variation on
Acid Precipitation in Florida," American Chemical Society,
Atlanta, Georgia, April 1981.
MILESTONES:
1. Annual report. (December 1981)
111
-------
CODE: E-3
PROJECT
TITLE:
Effects of Acidification on Processing
of Organic flatter in Streams
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Thomas M. Burton
(517) 353-4475
Institute of Water Research
Michigan State University
East Lansing, MI 48824
Robert T. Lackey (managed through NCSU
Cooperative Agreement)
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4806
FTS 420-4806
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
March 1980 to December 1981
FUNDING:
FY79: $59.2K
ABSTRACT:
Simulated soft water streams were used in this project to
quantify changes in organic matter processing rates by biota,
species composition and growth rates of stream invertebrates,
and stream chemistry resulting from acidification. Results
of the study have been released in a final report.
PUBLICATIONS:
Burton, T. M., R. M. Stanford, and J. W. Allan. "Effects
of Acidification on Stream Ecosystems," in F. D"Itri (editor),
The Effects of Acid Precipitation on Ecological Systems:
Great Lakes Region, Proceedings of a conference held at
the Institute of Water Research (Michigan State University,
East Lansing, Michigan, April 1-3, 1981), Ann Arbor Science
Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1982.
Burton, T. M. "The Acid Precipitation Problem and Its Effects
on Endangered Species and Biota," presented at the Northeast
Endangered Species Workshop and Conference, (Province town,
MA, May 8-11, 1980).
112
-------
Burton, T. M., R. M. Stanford, and J. W. Allan. "The Effects
Acid Ram on Michigan Streams," The Michigan Riparian, Nov.
1981, pp. 6-7.
MILESTONES:
1. Final research report. (December 1981)
113
-------
CODE: E-4
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
The Environmental Impact of Energy-Related
Organic Compounds on Aquatic Life
R806083
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
R. Carlson
(218) 726-7231
University of Minnesota
Duluth, MN 55812
J. I. Teasley
Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
FTS 783-9503, Comm. (218) 727-6692
July 1978 to November 1981
FUNDING:
FY 7 9
FY80
FY81
$21.7K
$ 60K
$ 80K
ABSTRACT:
This project evaluates the effects of particulate matter on
biological and chemical interactions of several energy related
chemicals, and examines methods for assessing the effects of a
coal-fired power plant on a non-industrialized area.
Laboratory studies were conducted using fathead minnows. Sev-
eral comparisons were made between areas impacted by fossil fuel
power generation and less stressed areas. Snowmelt samples were
collected for development of snowmelt profiles, and literature
was reviewed to determine the availability of data required to
assess the relative importance of NO and SO to acid
XX
precipitation.
Results of the studies were published in two articles and two
reports in 1981.
114
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Carlson, R. M. A review of the literature to determine the
availability of data necessary to assess the relative impor-
tance of NO vs. SO to Acid Ram, University of Minnesota-
Duluth, Final Report, 1981, 18 p.
Carlson, R. M. Investigation of environmental impact of a
coal-fired power plant on the Taconite Harbor Minnesota
Area, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Final Report, 1981,
55 p.
Gerhart, E. H., R. J. Luikkonen, R. M. Carlson, G. N. Stokes,
M. Lukasewycs, and A. R. Oyler. "Histological effects and
bioaccumulation potential of coal particulate-bound phenan-
threne in the fathead minnow," Environ. Pollut. (Ser. A)
V.. 25, No. 3, 1981, pp. 165-180.
Heath, E. R., R. J. Luikkonen, R. M. Carlson, G. N. Stokes,
M. Lukasewycz, and A. R. Oyler. "The biological effects of
exposure to a coal particulate-bound PAH to the fathead
minnow," University of Minnesota-Duluth, Project Summary,
1981, 6 p.
MILESTONES:
1. Provide data and staff assistance for U.S./Canada aquatic
impacts assessment phase II report. (June 1981)
2. Final reports. (July 1981)
115
-------
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
CODE: E-5
(AQ-83)
PROJECT
TITLE:
Chemistry, Transport and Fate of Aluminum
in Dilute Acidified Lakes
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Charles T. Driscoll
(315) 423-2311
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Department of Civil Engineering
Syracuse University
Syracuse, NY 13210
Charles F. Powers
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4684
FTS 420-4884
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
October 1981 to March 1983
FUNDING:
FY 80: $ 30K
ABSTRACT:
This project involves the identification and minimization of
problems associated with processing water samples for aluminum
analyses. In addition this project includes an investigation to
determine if solution thermodynamics may be used to evaluate the
transport and fate of aluminum in dilute acidified lakes.
The project is divided into two phases. In Phase One, collec-
tion, processing, and analytic techniques will be developed to
provide better data quality assurance. Phase Two is designed to
examine the spatial and temporal changes in aluminum chemistry
of a dilute acidified lake.
Research results are scheduled to be published in the form of a
final report in the Spring of 1983.
MILESTONES:
1. Initiation of field experimentation program at Dart Lake
in the Adirondack region of New York. (Spring 1982)
2. Final report. (March 1983)
116
-------
A2 2/bl-^4D
CODE: E-6
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Evaluation of Aquatic Resources in
Wisconsin Susceptible to Acidic Deposition
CR 809484
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
J. Eilers and R. Becker
(715) 362-7616
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
P.O. Box 818
Rheinlander, VJI 54501
PROJECT
OFFICER:
G. E. Glass
Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
FTS 783-9526, Comm. (218) 727-6692
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE
June 1980 to June 1985
FUNDING:
FY81: $65.8K
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed for the implementation of the ERL-D
Acidic Deposition Research Program for the definition of method-
ology and quantification of susceptible aquatic resources in
Wisconsin. The work is directed toward the achievement of
three major objectives: (1) determination of the present
condition of the lakes and streams, terrestrial resources,
and land use patterns in the primary study area (Vilas, Oneida,
Langlade, and northern Lincoln counties in north central
Wisconsin); (2) determination of the past conditions of the
factors listed in (1); and (3) determination of resources that
are susceptible to damage.
To achieve the objectives an inventory will be conducted of the
fixed physical/chemical factors responsible for lake suscep-
tibility during the Birge and Juday study period, as well as of
cultural watershed factors which may have modified lake suscep-
tibility. In addition, atmospheric deposition will be measured
to aid in projecting the degree of impact over the next 10 to 50
years.
117
-------
To date, data from historical records and recent samples have
been placed on computer files. Two lakes (Clara and Vandercooke)
have been selected for initiation of a detailed data base
concerning their hydrological and chemical parameters. Contin-
uous monitoring of the area NADP station provides updates for
this data base. Further efforts are expected to carry this
project through FY85.
PUBLICATIONS:
Eilers, J., G. Glass, A. Pollock, and K. Webster. Trophic
Analyses and Susceptibility of 276 Northern Wisconsin Lakes,
ERL-D Draft Report.
Natl. Res. Ecol. Lab., "Wisconsin Precipitation Monitoring Data,
National Atmospheric Deposition Program." NADP DATA Report,
Precipitation Chemistry, V. 3, No. 3, Sept. 1981, CSU, Ft.
Collins, CO 80523.
Sheffy, T. B., et al. "A Review of Acid Deposition in
Wisconsin: Recommendations for Studying and Solving the
Problem," Wisconsin DNR Acid Deposition Task Force, WDNR Report,
June 1980, 46 p.
MILESTONES:
1. Initiate monitoring of acidic deposition and precipitation;
establish two NADP (A) sites. (June 1980)
2. Resample 60 lakes for extensive water quality information.
(October 1980)
3. Provide synthesis data for U.S./Canada aquatic impacts
assessment. (April 1981)
4. Complete historical compilation of Birge/Juday lake water
quality. (December 1981)
5. Report on comprehensive compilation and comparisons of
past/present lake water quality. (June 1982)
6. Determine if land use-induced changes have also affected
lake water quality. (June 1983)
7. Final report interpreting lake water quality changes with
airborne pollutant impacts and land-use impacts considered.
(June 1984)
8. Final report on Acidic Deposition and Precipitation
Monitoring. (June 1985)
118
-------
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
CODE: E-7
(AQ-15)
PROJECT
TITLE:
Evaluation of Sensitivity of Selected
Natural Areas in the Rocky Mountains to
Biological Perturbation from Atmosphereic
Deposltion
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
James
( 303)
H. Gibson
491-5571
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Natural Resources Ecology Lab
Colorado State University
Ft. Collins, CO 80523
PROJECT
OFFICER;
R. Kent Schreiber, Program Coordinator
(304) 725-2061; FTS 925-5000
Charles F. Powers
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4684; FTS 420-4684
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
June 1981 to November 1982
FUNDING:
FY81: $66.6K
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed to develop a procedure for assessing
the potential for acidification of high mountain watersheds in
the Rocky Mountain region and the subsequent potential for
adverse effects on fish populations.
Several watersheds in the Rocky Mountain and Yellowstone National
Parks are being assessed using existing data on soils, geology,
and water quality in conjunction with field sampling.
The results of the study, including a methodology which may be
extrapolated to other areas of known geology, will be presented
in a final report in late 1982.
MILESTONES:
1. Initiate field program. (June 1981)
2. Progress reports. (Quarterly)
3. Draft report. (September 1981)
4. Final report. (November 1982)
119
-------
CODE: E-8
PROJECT
TITLE:
Impacts of Airborne Pollutants on
Wilderness and Park Areas of Northern
Minnesota
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
G. E. Glass
FTS 783-9526, Comm. (218) 727-6692
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Same as above
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
February 1978 to March 1980
FUNDING:
FY79: $150K
FY80: $ 87K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project was to examine the potential effects
of the proposed Antiokokan, Ontario power plant on ecosystems in
the Boundary Waters Canoe Area (BWCA) and Voyageurs National
Park (VNF) of Minnesota by using the most relevant data and
analytical methods. The principal steps were to focus on:
(1) the ultimate deposition of emissions from the plant, (2) the
use of a time-varying grid model with a provision for atmospheric
transformations, and (3) to provide a detailed review of all
available data on atmospheric deposition of pollutants, water
quality, and effects from the region of concern.
The sensitive aquatic and terrestrial receptors in the BWCA-VNP
region are described quantitatively. This information was
assessed in terms of current knowledge regarding the impacts of
atmospheric pollutants by using a series of workshops designed
to attract scientific experts in multi-study areas who would
bring in relevant data.
Specific conclusions, based on factual information, probable
consequences, and possible impacts are presented, along with
information on other regional and long-distance sources, in a
final report published in 1980.
120
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Glass, G.E., and 0. L. Loucks (eds.). Impacts of Airborne
Pollutants on Wilderness Areas Along the Minnesota-Ontario
Border," USEPA Ecol. Res. Ser., EPA-600/3-80-044. 1980.
MILESTONES:
1. Final report. (June 1980)
121
-------
PROJECT
TITLE:
CODE: E-9
(AQ-59)
The Mobilization and Transportation of
Soil and Sediment Components into
Pollutants by Acidic Deposition and
Related Factors
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
G. E. Glass
FTS 783-5926, Comm. (218) 727-6692
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Boulevard
Duluth, MN 55804
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Same as above
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
June 1979 to December 1982
FUNDING:
FY79
FY80
FY81
$6 3K
$90K
$20K
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this project is to identify which chemical
species, originating from the combustion of fossil fuels, become
pollutants as a direct result of acidic components in ram and
snow. Reactive components in precipitation are being identified
using various sophisticated techniques (e.g., Raman spectroscopy,
atomic absorption), and sensitive lakes in Minnesota and Wisconsin
are being studied to reveal adverse effects of acid precipitation.
In addition, the distribution of chemical species and chemical
forms is being verified, and dose-response relationships are
being measured for watersheds during snow accumulation-melt
periods allowing comparisons with known biotic impacts. Work is
expected to continue through 1982 with the results being published
in a final report at the end of 1982.
122
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Berg, R. , and J. Eilers. Sensitivity of aquatic organisms to
acidic environments, ERL-D Draft Report.
Heims, L. J., G. E. Glass, L. E. Anderson, F. L. Boettcher,
J. A. Isle, J. A. Rogalla, and C. A. Sandberg. "Winter con-
tributions of airborne pollutants to remote sections of
northern Minnesota," Abst. 180th Natl. Am. Chem. Soc. Meeting
(Las Vegas, September 1980).
Glass, G. E. "Susceptibility of aquatic, =a,nd terrestrical
resources of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and $l,ichigan to impacts
from acid precipitation: Informational requirements,"
in D. Drablos and A. Tollan (eds.), Eqcfelrogical Impact of
Acid Precipitation, Proc. Int. Conf. (.Sandef jord, Norway,
March 11-14, 1980), pp. 112-113.
Glass, G. E., L. J. Heinis, L. Anderson* C. Sandberg, J. Use,
J. Rogalla, F. Boettcher, and T. Rouslrj.) "pH and alkalinity
changes during snowmelt in streams and lakes of the Boundary
Waters Canoe Area Wilderness (BWCAW) amd: Voyageurs National
Park (VNP) of Northern Minnesota," Abst. 181st Nat. Am. Chem.
Soc. Meeting (Atlanta, GA, March 1981).
Glass, G. E., and T. G. Brydges. "Problem complexity in predict-
ing impacts from altered precipitation chemistry," in Proc.
Symp. Acid Precipitation and Fishery Impacts in North America,
T. Haines, and R. Johnson, eds., Cornell University, Ithica,
NY, August 1981.
MILESTONES:
1. Determine winter loadings and effeq-ts on some sensitive
lakes in northeastern Minnesota and Wisconsin. (June 1980)
2. Determine acid reactive chemical forms present in precipi-
tation. (December 1980)
3. Provide input for U.S./Canada aquatic impacts assessment as
Co-chairman, phases I and II. (Juns; 1981)
4. Provide data and staff support for U.S./Canada aquatic
impacts assessment. (December 1982-)
5. Determine pathways for contaminant transformation,
mobilization and impact due to acidic deposition of
airborne pollutants. (December 1982)
6. Final project report and publication. (December 1982)
123
-------
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
CODE: E-10
(AQ-131)
Effects of Acidic Precipitation and Spring
pH Change on Atlantic Salmon
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Terry Haines
(207) 581-2778
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Leader, Field Research Unit - Orono
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
University of Maine
Orono, ME 04473
PROJECT
OFFICER:
R. Kent Schreiber, Program Coordinator
(304) 725-2061; FTS 925-5000
Robert T. Lackey
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4806, FTS 420-4806
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
May 198,1 to November 19 81
FUNDING:
FY81: $28.7K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project was to assess the impact of acid
precipitation on water quality in salmon streams and the
potential for impacts on salmon reproduction.
Historical data on water quality and salmon runs was assembled
for both natural and restored salmon rivers in the United
States. The data was then examined for trends indicative of
acidification. Detailed studies were undertaken on approximately
6 salmon nursery and spawning streams.
Results of the studies were assembled in the form of a final
report.
MILESTONES:
1. Initiate study. (May 1981)
2. Progress reports. (Quarterly)
3. Draft report. (September 1981)
4. Final report. (November 1981)
124
-------
CODE: E-ll
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
Vulnerability of Lakes and Streams in the
New England States to Acidification
from Long Range Transport of Air Pollution
Terry
( 207)
Haines
581-2778
Leader, Field Research
U.S. Fish and Wildlife
University of Maine
Orono, ME 04473
Unit - Orono
Service
R. Kent Schreiber, Program Coordinator
(304) 725-2061; FTS 925-5000
Charles F. Powers
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4684, FTS 420-4684
December 1980 to January 1982
FY81: $32.3K
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed for conduct of a field survey and
analysis of the vulnerability of approximately 300 lakes and
streams in the New England States to acidification.
Data from surface water chemistry and historical records will be
used to calculate sensitivity indices and produce maps of
vulnerable areas. Comparisons will then be made with projections
of vulnerability based on indirect indicators. Results of the
study will be published in the form of a final technical report
in early 1982.
MILESTONES:
1. Initiate study. (December 1980)
2. Progress reports (Quarterly)
3. Final technical report. (January 1982)
125
-------
PROJECT
TITLE:
CODE: E-12
(AQ-145)
Development of the Susceptibility Criteria
Measures for
at Risk from
Pollutants
Assessing Aquatic Resources
the Deposition of Airborne
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
CR809332
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
J. R. Hargis, Prof, of Biology
G. Rapp, Jr., Prof, of Geology
K. Biesinger, Ad]. Prof, of Biology
University of Minnesota
221 Life Science Building
Duluth, MN 55812
(218) 726-7276
G. E. Glass
Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
FTS 783-9526, (218) 727-6692
September 1980 to July 1984
FY8 0:
FY81:
$50K
$67.3K
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this project is to determine the susceptibility
classifications and models for aquatic resources, with initial
focus on fish and fish food organisms. Existing data are being
analyzed to relate water quality parameters and size/frequency
distributions of zooplankton and fish communities. Electronic
and direct microscopic examination methods are being used for
identification and counting. Controlled laboratory conditions
will reveal the subtle effects of acidification. In addition,
comparisons will be made with historical data to provide a
present-day base-line, and information and technical literature
will be reviewed. An analysis of existing long-term data bases
will be made to determine any pitfalls in the use of ecosystem
models for year-to-year impact analyses. A progress report on
ecosystem impacts is expected in late summer, 1982, and the
final report on the methodology for evaluation of aquatic life
resources is expected in the summer of 1984.
126
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Hargis, J. R. "Seasonal Solubility of Zooplankton Communities
in Northern Minnesota Lakes," March 1981.
Hargis, J. R. "Summer Seasonal Response of Zooplankton
Populations in Two Northeastern Minnesota Lakes," Progress
Report, June 1981.
Hargis, J. R., and N. J. Larson. "Limnological Status of Hare
and Echo Lakes," Progress Reports, January, June 1980.
MILESTONES:
1. Initiate cooperative agreement. (August 1981)
2. Limnological status of Hare and Echo Lakes, Minnesota:
past/present comparisons. (December 1981)
3. Development of Susceptibility Criteria for Assessing
Aquatic Resources at Risk (peer review). (April 1982)
4. Methodological considerations in conducting historical
comparisons with present data: case study of Hare and Echo
Lakes (peer review). (April 1982)
5. Evaluation of aquatic life resources at risk. Progress
report on acidic deposition ecosystem impacts and refined
research plan for 02 year. (August 1982)
6. Develop methodologies for evaluating susceptibility
criteria. (August 1983)
7. Final report on methodology for evalaution of aquatic life
resources. (August 1984)
127
-------
CODE: E-13
PROJECT
TITLE:
Effect of Acid on Phytoplanton Community
Structure and Litter Processing Rates in
an Experimental Mesocosm (Monticello
Ecological Research Station)
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE;
FUNDING:
(1) J. R. Hargis and J. W. Weber
(218) 726-7272
(2) K. Hakanson and K. Biesmger
FTS 783-9524, Comm. (218) 727-6692
(1) University of Minnesota
Dept. of Biology, 221 Life Science Building
Duluth, MN 55812
(2) Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
J. W. Arthur
Monticello Ecological Research Station
P.O. Box 500
Monticello, MN 55362
(612) 295-5145
June 1978 to June 1981
FY79: $8K
FY80: $10K
ABSTRACT:
This project was designed to determine the photoplankton com-
munity structure (species components and diversity) and leaf
litter processing rates in three outdoor experimental mesocosms
as a function of nominal pH treatments. This determination
would serve to evaluate the relative sensitivity of communities
and aid in assessing damage.
The pHs of two of the experimental mesocosms were adjusted to
5.0 and 6.0 with the third mesocosms serving as a control,
at pH 7.5-8.5. Species composition and leaf processing rates
were monitored and results were presented in two publications
released in 1980 and 1981.
128
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Weber, T. W. , III. "Response of Phytoplankton to Acidification
in Experimental Streams," Master's Thesis, University of
Minnesota-Duluth, Fall, 1980.
Hokanson, K. E. F., and K. E. Biesmger. Report on leaf litter
processing in experimental channels at Monticello, Environ-
mental Research Laboratory-Duluth, Duluth, MN, Final Draft
Report, 17 p.
MILESTONES:
1. Report on leaf litter processing. (January 1981)
2. Complete requirement for MS degree thesis on phytoplankton.
. (June 1981)
3. Input data to U.S./Canada aquatic impacts assessment,
phase II report. (June 1981)
129
-------
CODE: E-14
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Generalization of Water Quality Criteria
Using Chemical Models
R804996
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
D. K. Harriss and V. R. Magnuson
(218) 726-7592
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
University of Minnesota
Duluth, MN 55812
PROJECT
OFFICER:
G. E. Glass
Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
FTS 783-9526, Comm. (218) 727-6692
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE;
October 1976 to December 1981
FUNDING:
FY76-79: $176K
FY80: $11.IK
ABSTRACT:
The overall objective of this project is to improve the chemical
equilibria model, REDEQL, for use in the correlation of toxicity
in a particular ecosystem with chemical speciation to obtain
realistic, site specific water standards.
Work to accomplish these goals has been divided into three
areas: (1) predictive computer modeling utilizing chemical
equilibria speciation and toxicity data, (2) assembling a data
base on speciation from literature, experimentation, and estima-
tion, and (3) collection and interpretation of toxicity data
from literature and experiments. In addition, the feature of
REDEQL that uses interaction intensities and capacities in
complex mixtures requires verification by independent lab
measurements before field application.
Findings to date have appeared in a number of publications;
however, problem complexities coupled with illness of the
principal investigator have resulted in delays in progress.
Completion of the work is a part of the m-house effort to
develop site-specific water-quality criteria and to complete
the Innovative Research project on acidic deposition impact.
130
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Glass, G. E. "Identification and Distribution of Inorganic
Components in Water: What to Measure?," Anal. N.Y. Acad. Sci.
V. 298, 1977, pp. 31-46.
Harriss, D. K., S. E. Ingle, V. R. Magnuson, and D. K. Taylor.
Programmers' Manual for REDEQL-UMD: A Detailed List of
Variables, and Flow Diagrams, ERL-D Report, December 1981.
Harriss, D. K., S. E. Ingle, D. K. Taylor, and V. R. Magnuson.
A Users Manual for the Aqueous Chemical Equilibrium Modeling
Program REDEQL-UMD, ERL-D Report, December 1981.
Harriss, D. K., and V. R. Magnuson. Final Report, Development
of the REDEQL-UMD System of Computer Programs for Aqueous
Equilibria, ERL-D Report, December 1981.
Magnuson, V. R., D. K. Harriss, D. K. Taylor, and G. E. Glass.
"Relationships of Activities of Metal-Ligand Species to
Aquatic Toxicity," in E. A. Jenne (ed.), Chemical Modeling
in Aqueous Systems, ACS Symp. Ser. 93, No. 28, 1979, pp. 635-
656.
Sua, H. S., D. K. Harriss, and V. R. Magnuson. "Activity
Corrections for Ionic Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions," Can.
J. Chem., V. 58, 1980, pp. 24-27.
MILESTONES:
1. Project completion - final reporting completed: Project
summary and report, Users and programmers manual for
REDEQL-UMD. (December 1981)
131
-------
CODE: E-15
(AQ-39)
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Impacts of Acid Precipitation on
Aquatic Ecosystems
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
George R. Hendrey
FTS 666-3262
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Land and Freshwater Environmental Sciences Gp.
Department of Energy and Environment
Upton, NY 11973
Charles F. Powers
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4684
FTS 420-4684
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1981 to September 1982
FUNDING:
FY80: $100K
FY81: $158K
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed to evaluate the sensitivity of fresh-
waters of the eastern United States to acidification, with
emphasis on the present and future impacts to headwater areas,
and, to what extent possible, the impact of acidification of
groundwaters.
Efforts to achieve these objectives include a complete acquisition
of existing water quality data, preparation of an inventory of
acidified freshwater, an investigation of historical trends of
acidification, and the application of existing, or development
of new models for forecasting acidification trends.
The project is expected to carry through 1982 with the results
being published in a final report.
PUBLICATIONS:
Hendrey, G. R., et al. Geological and Hydrochemical Sensitivity
of the Eastern United States to Acid Precipitation, EPA-600/
3-80-024, January 1980.
132
-------
MILESTONES:
1. Progress report. (March 1981)
2. Annual report. (October 1981)
3. Inventory of Acidified Freshwaters. (February 1982)
4. Final report. (September 1982)
133
-------
CODE: E-16
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
Effects of Acid Conditions on Caddisflies,
Stoneflies, and Mayflies
B. Krogstad and S. E. Wolff
(218) 726-7263
University of Minnesota
Duluth, MN 55812
R. L. Anderson
Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
FTS 783-9565, Comm. (218) 727-6692
March 1979 to September 1981
FY79: $2.8K*
FY80: $5.OK*
*Additional funds provided by University of Minnesota.
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this study is to determine if low pH toxicity
to aquatic insects is influenced by life stage acclimation and
temperatures.
Caddis-flies, Brachycentrus americanus (Trichoptera) and other
taxa were collected from August to December and acutely tested
in the laboratory.
A master's thesis describing this work was published in the
Spring of 1981.
PUBLICATIONS:
Wolff, S. E. "The effect of environmental variables on
the tolerance of aquatic insects to acid water," Master's
Thesis, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Spring, 1981.
MILESTONES:
1. In-house final report on the effect of acidified water on
select invertebrates. (September 1980)
2. Completion of MS degree; thesis. (June 1981)
134
-------
CODE: E-17
PROJECT
TITLE:
Effects of Acid Conditions on Three
Species of Pulmonate Snails
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
B. Krogstad and J. C. Gavre
(218) 726-7263
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
University of Minnesota
Duluth, MN 55812
PROJECT
OFFICER:
R. L. Anderson
Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
FTS 783-9565, Comm. (218) 727-6692
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
March 1979 to September 1981
FUNDING:
FY79: $5.5K*
FY80: $5.5K*
*Additional funds provided by the University of Minnesota.
ABSTRACT:
This project was designed to determine: (1) the acute toxicity
of low pH on snails, (2) the effect of 6-week exposure on growth
and reproduction of snails, and (3) the susceptibility of snail
eggs to low pH.
Three species of snails were collected and exposed, in the
laboratory, to acidic conditions. The acidic conditions were
produced with the use of H2S04.
The results of this study were published in a master's thesis
in the fall of 1980.
PUBLICATIONS:
Gavre, J. C. "The effects of depressed pH on the survival,
growth, reproduction and egg development of the pond snail
Helisoma trivolvis," Master's Thesis, University of Minnesota-
Duluth, Fall, 1980.
MILESTONES:
1. Completion of requirements for M.S. degree; thesis.
(June 1981)
135
-------
CODE: E-18
(AQ-109)
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Experimental Field Studies to Evaluate
the Effects of Acidification on a Stream
Ecosystem
CR807104
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR;
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
G. Likens
R. Hall
(607) 256-5014
Section of Ecology and Systematics
Longmuir Lab.
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14850
K. E. F. Hokanson
Monticello Ecological Research Station
Monticello, MN 55362
(612) 295-5145
October 1979 to June 1982
FUNDING:
FY80: $ 59K
ABSTRACT:
This project was designed to evaluate the impact of low pH
stress on a low alkalinity stream ecosystem, determining how and
to what extent low pH levels affect nutrient cycling and energy
flow of a natural stream (Hubbard Brook, N.H.) that is subjected
to inputs of acid (H^SO. and HNO,) from incident precipitation.
The parameters monitored included (1) chemical composition of
the stream water, (2) drift densities of the fauna, (3) transport
of particulate organic matter, (4) biomass change at different pH
levels, and (5) changes in the buffering capacity of stream
sediments in relation to water chemistry.
A third-order section of a small mountain stream in the Hubbard
Brook Experimental Forest, West Thornton, NH, was experimentally
acidified. Measurements were taken to observe the effects of
increased acidity on the factors listed previously.
Results are presented in six manuscripts to be released during
the period of March 1981 through March 1982.
136
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Hall, R. J., and G. E. Likens. "Ecological Effects of Experimental
Acidification on a Stream Ecosystem," in Proceedings of the
International Conference on the Ecological~Impact of Acid'
Precipitation (Sandefjord, Norway, March 11-14, 1980).
Hall, R. J., and G. E. Likens. "Chemical Flux in an Acid-
Stressed Stream," Nature, V. 292, No. 5821, 1981, pp. 329-331.
Hall, R. J., and G. E. Likens. Experimental Field Studies to
Evaluate the Effects of Acidification on a Stream Ecosystem,
ERL-D Project Summary, CR807104, 1981, 26 p.
Pratt, J. M., and R. J. Hall. "Acute Effects of Stream
Acidification on the Diversity of flacroinvertebrate Drift,"
in. R. Singer (ed.), Effects of Acid Precipitation on
Benthos, the proceedings of a regional symposium on benthic
biology, North American Benthological Society, Hamilton, New
York. In press, 1981.
MILESTONES:
1. Project summary. (December 1980)
2. Three manuscripts. (March 1981)
3. Three additional manuscripts. (March 1982)
137
-------
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
CODE: E-19
(AQ-10 3)
PROJECT
TITLE:
Assessment of the Sensitivity Index
Concept for Evaluating Resources at Risk
from Atmospheric Pollutant Deposition
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Orie L. Loucks
(317) 783-9551
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
The Institute of Ecology
Butler University
Indianapolis, IN 46208
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Gary E. Glass
EPA Environmental Research Labortory
Duluth, MN
(218) 727-9526
FTS 783-9526
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
June 1980 to March 1981
FUNDING;
FY 80: $50K
ABSTRACT:
The objectives of this project have been to: (1) review existing
literature concerning the use of indicies for quantifying the
status, predicting trends, and assessing risks associated with
resources impacted by acid precipitation related to air emissions;
(2) evaluate options for a form of sensitivity index to be used
in determining resources jeopardized by energy development and
outline how this index would be used in regional risk inventory
or assessment of benefits related to controls, and (3) identify
the work required to validate, test, and apply the sensitivity
index in regional and national energy development decisions.
Existing data bases have been used to evaluate the reliability
of several sensitivity related indices as well as their appli-
cability for predicting resources at risk. Results of the study
are presented in a final report.
138
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Loucks, 0. L. "Project Summary: "A lake and watershed sensi-
tivity measurement strategy for identifying resources at risk
from acidic precipitation," U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (manuscript submitted; publication pending).
Loucks, 0. L. "The concern for acidic deposition in the
Great Lakes Region," in F. M. D'ltri (editor), The Effects
of Acid Precipitation on Ecological Systems in the Great Lakes
Region, Proceedings of a Conference (East Lansing, Michigan,
April 1-3, 1981), Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor,
Michigan. In press.
Loucks, 0. L., R. W. Usher, R. W. Miller, W. Swanson, D. Rapport.
Assessment of sensitivity measures for evaluating resources at
ri-sk from atmospheric deposition, Final Report to the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency -- Duluth, The Institute of
Ecology, Indianapolis.
MILESTONES:
1. Final report. (December 1981)
139
-------
CODE: E-20
PROJECT
TITLE:
Assessment and Synthesis of Research
Related to Biological Effects of Acid
Deposition
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Orie L. Loucks
(317) 283-9551
The Institute of Ecology
Butler University
Indianapolis, IN 46208
Raymond G. Wilhour
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
(through NCSU)
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4634
FTS 420-4634
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE;
June 1980 to September 1981
FUNDING;
FY79:
FY80:
$ 68K
$18K
ABSTRACT:
The objectives of this project were to: (1) review and assess
scientific results from various programs on acid deposition to
achieve the optimal use of the results for EPA, and (2) conduct
workshops focused on geographic, issue, or policy questions in
order to summarize research, identify gaps, and develop consensus
in a national acid rain effects program.
The approach to achieve these objectives was divided into three
areas: (1) a continuing review of relevant data bases and
models, using workshops, to evaluate response simulations and
propose options for meeting regulatory needs, (2) comparative
studies of regulatory and ameliorative approaches to the adverse
effects of acid deposition and organization of a conference
titled "Management Options for Controlling Acid Deposition," and
(3) improvement of quantitative methods for assessing long-term
effects on regional ecosystems through the use of watershed
nutrient-flux simulation.
Results of this project have been published in numerous articles
and papers.
140
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Armentano, T. V. , and 0. L. Loucks. Final Report on a Planning
fleeting: Research/Synthesis Needs in Regional Air Pollution
Effects Upon Forest Growth in the Eastern United States
(University of Minnesota Forestry Center, Cloquet, Minnesota),
TIE, Indianapolis, 1980, 18 p.
Armentano, T. V. , 0. L. Loucks, and W. T. Williams. "Regional
Air Pollution Impacts on Forest Growth," in: Proceedings,
International Symposium on Effects of Air Pollutants on
Mediterranean and Temperate Forest Ecosystems, Abstract
and Poster.
Loucks, 0. L. "Acid Rain: Living Resource Implications
and Management Needs," in: Proceedings 45th North
American Wildlife Management Institute, Washington, D.C.,
1980, pp. 24-37.
Loucks, 0. L. "Agriculture/Forestry Effects of Acid Rain and
Ozone." Statement at Hearing Before the Select Committee on
Small Business and the Committee on Environment and Public
Works, United States Senate, Ninety-Sixth Congress, Second
Session, on Economic Impact of Acid Rain, September 23, 1980,
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., pp. 139-168.
Loucks, 0. L. Research Designs to Evaluate Acid Ram Effects.
Submitted to Environmental Management, 1981.
Loucks, 0. L. "Project Summary: Assessment and Synthesis
of Research Related to Biological Effects of Acid Deposition,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (manuscript submitted;
publication pending), 1981.
Loucks, 0. L. Technical Options for Mitigation. A Panel
Discussion on Future Options at the Conference on Acid Ram on
the Atlantic Salmon, sponsored by The International Atlantic
Salmon Foundation, Trout Unlimited, Natural Resources Council
of Maine, and Sport Fishing Institute, December 1980, Portland,
Maine, 1980.
Loucks, 0. L. "The Emerging Scope of Socioeconomic Concerns
About Acid Rain," in: Proceeding of a Conference on Acid Rain
and the Atlantic Salmon, sponsored by The International
Atlantic Salmon Foundation, Trout Unlimited, Natural Resources
Council of Maine, and Sport Fishing Institute (Portland,
Maine, December 1980).
Loucks, 0. L., and E. B. Cowling. "Energy Policy, Ecosystems,
and Public Welfare: The Scientist's Perspective," in:
Proceedings, 73rd Annual Meeting of the Air Pollution Control
Association, (Montreal, Quebec, June 22-27, 1980).
141
-------
Loucks, 0. L., and W. T. Williams. "An Evaluation of Data Needs
and Research Strategies for Quantifying Soil and Watershed
Responses to Acidic Inputs," manuscript prepared for Environ-
mental Science and Technology. In review.
Williams, W. T., and 0. L. Loucks. Acid Rain Effects on Soils;
Progress and Needs, Final Report of a Workshop (Indianapolis,
IN, February 21-22, 1980), The Institute of Ecology,
Indianapolis, 1980, 46 pp.
MILESTONES:
1. Final report. (1981)
142
-------
CODE: E-21
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Contributions to the U.S./Canada Aquatic
Impacts Assessments of Airborne Pollutants
on Aquatic and Related Resources: Memorandum
of Intent on Transboundary Air Pollution
CR8093 28
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
O. Loucks
(317) 283-9551
The Institute of Ecology
Butler University
Indianapolis, IN 46208
G. E. Glass
Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
FTS 783-9526, Coram (218) 727-6692
October 1980 to September 1981
FUNDING:
FY81: $40.7K
ABSTRACT:
The goals of this project are to (1) support the activities of
the aquatic impacts sections of the Phase I and II Reports and
to support management activities for the Aquatic Impacts Assess-
ment subgroup during proposed Phase III and IV of the U.S./Canada
Assessment, (2) identify watershed data bases in study areas and
use study groups to ensure the completeness of the data bases,
evaluate the relationships between seasonal loadings and ap-
parent effects, and review measurement and impact predicting
methodologies, (3) evaluate the use of the pH shade effects
model for assessing the significance of episodic loadings and
survey ecosystem alterations during the transition phase of
watershed response, and (4) prepare interim reports outlining
monitoring and mapping approaches of acid-sensitive or acid-
altered areas.
A final report on Phase II-U.S./Canada Air Quality Agreement
was published in Fall 1981 along with two supplemental reports,
A final report on impacts assessment is expected in Spring
1982.
143
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Brydges, T. G., and G. E. Glass, Co-chairmen. "Aquatic Impacts,"
Sec. 3, in an Impact Assessment Interim Report, United States-
Canada, Memorandum of Intent on Transboundary Air Pollution,
February 1981, Flamm for the U.S. and G. Bangay for
Canada as co-chairman of work group I.
Brydges, T. G., and G. E. Glass. "State of the Knowledge Survey,"
U.S./Canada Impacts Assessment, Work Group I. Memorandum of
Intent on Transboundary Air Pollution, Supplemental Document
I, U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab-Duluth, Duluth, MN, August 1981,
426 p.
Glass, G. E., and T. G. Brydges. "Responses to Reviews of the
Aquatic Impact Assessment Draft Interim Report II," May-July
1981, Memorandum of Intent on Transboundary Air Pollution,
Supplemental Document II, U.S. EPA Environ. Res. Lab-Duluth,
Duluth, MN, October 1981, 380 p.
Glass, G. E. , T. G. Brydges, and 0. L. Loucks (eds.). Impact
Assessment of Airborne Acid Deposition on the Aquatic Environ-
ment of the United States and Canada, ERL-D Final Report.
October 1981, 152 p.
MILESTONES:
1. Interim report - Aquatic impacts assessment of airborne
pollutants. (January 1981)
2. Interim report II - Final draft - Aquatic assessment.
(July 1981)
3. Supplemental Document I - State of Knowledge Survey.
(August 1981)
4. Supplemental Document II - Responses of reviewers interim
report II. (October 1981)
5. Final report Phase II - U.S./Canada Air Quality Agreement.
(October 1981)
6. U.S./Canada - Impacts Assessment - Final report.
(March 1982)
144
-------
CODE: E-22
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Effects of Lowered pH on Fish Reproduction
in Experimental Streams and Laboratory
Exposures
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
J. H. McCormick and N. Stakes
FTS 783-9531, Comm. (218) 727-6692
Environmental Research Laboratory
6 201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
R. Drummand
Environmental Research Laboratory
6 201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
May 1979 to September 1981
FUNDING:
FY79: $4.6K
FY80: $5.OK
ABSTRACT:
This project was designed to determine the extent of possible
reproductive impairment associated with lowered pH in experi-
mental streams by the examination of pre-spawnmg gonads of
fathead minnows.
A method has been developed for predicting the reproductive
impairment by examination of mature fish ovaries. This method
was developed using fathead minnows which were exposed to three
different levels of acidification in artificial streams. Labo-
ratory studies are currently underway to verify the field
observations.
PUBLICATIONS:
McCormick, J. H., and G. N. Stolres. "Intraovarian invasion
of small mouth bass oocytes by Proteocephalus ambloplites
(Cestoda)," J. Parasitology, accepted for publication.
McCormick, J. H., and G. N. Stokes. "Ovarian examination to
provide early warning of reproductive inhibition in acid
stressed fish," ERL-D manuscript.
145
-------
MILESTONES:
1. Publication of report on methods on development and
verification of reproductive indices as a quantitative
measure of environmental stress. (August 1980)
146
-------
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
CODE: E-23
(AQ-65 and AQ-111)
PROJECT
TITLE:
Heavy Metal Exchange Between Sediments
and Overlying Water, and Diatom Community
Response in Lake Microcosms Subjected
to Increased H , Pb, and Zn Loading
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR;
Stephen A. Norton
Department of Geological Sciences
(207) 582-7077
Ronald B. Davis
Department of Botany and Quarternary Sciences
(207) 581-7040
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
University of Maine
Orono, ME 04469
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Robert T. Lackey
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4806
FTS 420-4806
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
April 1980 to December 1981
FUNDING:
FY79: $54K
ABSTRACT:
This project was designed to investigate: (1) the dynamic
exchange of metals (at least Pb and Zn) between the lake water
column and sediment as a function of pH and the chemical ac-
tivity of the metals, (2) the state of the metals in the
sediment, and (3) the responses of periphytic diatom com-
munities to these changes in pH and metal levels.
Studies were conducted at three oligotrophic lakes with varying
pH's in bottom waters of the littoral zone. Sediment core
samples with a sediment-water interface were collected, allowing
for analysis including measurements of pH, alkalinity, SO^,
Si, Na, K, Ca, Mg, A1, Fe, Mn, Pb, and diatom count. The
chemical parameters were monitored biweekly whereas diatom
samples were retrieved monthly.
Results of the studies are planned for release in a final report
in early 1982.
147
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Kahl, J. S., S. A. Norton, and J. S. Williams. Chronology,
magnitude, and paleolimnological record of changing metal
fluxes related to atmospheric deposition of acids and metals
in New England: (Extended Abstract) Am. Chem. Soc. , Env.
Chem. Div., 1982.
MILESTONES:
1. Final research report. (January 1982)
148
-------
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
CODE:
E-24
(AQ-47)
PROJECT
TITLE:
Quantify the Extent of the Problem of
Acidification of Lakes, Streams, and
Groundwaters in the United States
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Charles F. Powers
(503) 757-4684, FTS 420-4684
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(Joint with North Carolina State Univer-
sity and USGS)
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Same as above
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1981 to September 1982
FUNDING:
FY81: $186K
ABSTRACT:
The objectives of this project are to: (1) map sensitive areas,
(2) determine historical trends in the acidification of surface
and groundwaters, (3) correlate different degrees of acid sensi-
tivity with climatic, geologic, geographic, and anthropomorphic
factors, and (4) develop a predictive methodology.
To complete the first two objectives, existing water quality data
will be used to the maximum extent possible, supplemented by the
collection of field data where required. These data will then be
compared with data on patterns of bedrock geology, soils, land
use, and climate to achieve the third objective. Analyses of the
results of the first three objectives will then lead to the devel-
opment of suitable predictive models.
Results will be published as a sensitivity map and in a progress
report in the Fall of 1982.
149
-------
MILESTONES:
1. Complete acquisition of existing data from all states.
(May 1982)
2. Produce preliminary map of acid-sensitive areas in U.S.
(May 1982)
3. Complete evaluation and plotting of water chemistry data;
begin drafting of detailed sensitivity maps of critical
areas and revision of national map. (September 1982)
4. Progress report on survey accomplishment. (September 1982)
150
-------
CODE: E-25
PROJECT
TITLE:
Symposium on Impact of Acid Rain Upon
Fish
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Gilbert C. Radonski
(202) 737-2145
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
American Fisheries Society
608 13th St., N.W., Suite 801
Washington, DC 20005
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Stephen O. Wilson
Office of Exploratory Research (RD-675)
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-9454
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1981
FUNDING:
FY81: $ 5K*
*Co-sponsored with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
ABSTRACT:
This symposium provided an opportunity to identify future
research needs, evaluate remedial or corrective actions, and
examine the long-term social and economic implications of acidic
deposition on fisheries resources, with emphasis on resources in
the northeastern area of North America.
Scientific papers and symposium discussions are to be published
in May 1982.
MILESTONES:
1. International Symposium. (August 1981)
2. Published Proceedings. (May 1982)
151
-------
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
CODE: E-26
(AQ-127)
PROJECT
TITLE:
Effects of pH Stress and Harvesting (Simulated
Predation) on Daphnia Population Dynamics
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Paul J. Rago
(313) 994-3331, FTS 378-1331
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Organization
Eastern Energy and Land Use Team
School of Natural Resources
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, MI
PROJECT
OFFICER:
R. Kent Schreiber, Program Coordinator
(304) 725-2061, FTS 925-5000
Robert T. Lackey
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4806, FTS 420-4806
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
February 1981 to June 1982
FUNDING:
FY81: $ 5K
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed to use laboratory microcosms and
Daphnia populations to investigate the factors affecting popula-
tion level responses to non-commensurate sources of stress,
including pH. The experiments, which will be aided in design
and analysis by the development of conceptual and computer
simulation models, should lead to an increased understanding of
processes relevant to fishery management and harvest.
In addition to quarterly progress reports, the results will be
published in a dissertation and a final technical report in mid
1982.
MILESTONES:
1. Project initiated. (February 1981)
2. Progress reports. (Quarterly)
3. Final report. (June 1982)
152
-------
CODE: E-27
(AQ-53)
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Inventory and Documentation of the
Susceptibility of Aquatic Resources
to Damage by Airborne Pollutants
CR809412
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
G. Rapp, Dir., Prof, of Geology
R. M. Carlson, Prof, of Org. Chem.
T. Bydalek, Prof. Anal. Chem.
L. C. Thompson, Prof. Inorg. Chem.
College of Letters and Sciences
University of Minnesota-Duluth
Duluth, MN 55812
(218) 726-7201
PROJECT
OFFICER:
G. E. Glass
Environmental Research
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
FTS 783-9526, Comm. (218)
Laboratory
727-6692
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
August 1981 to July 1984
FUNDING:
FY81: $209K
ABSTRACT:
This project encompasses three main objectives: (1) provision
of an overall research management-coordination system for the
ERL-D Acidic Deposition Research Program, (2) development and
application of modeling methodology for the quantitative
inventory of aquatic resources suceptible to damage from acidic
deposition, and (3) documentation of impact processes, mech-
anisms, and inventory methodology for predicting the suscep-
tibility of aquatic resources to damage from the deposition
of airborne pollutants.
The management-coordination system is to focus on program
coordination, integration, transfer of information, and data
management. The inventory of susceptible aquatic resources
will assess the susceptibility of individual watershed compo-
nents (lakes and streams), with findings being displayed on
files and scale maps. In addition, interaction coefficients
will be determined for a number of geohydrological parameters as
part of a multi-phase investigation for determining the capacity
that surface deposits and soils in the Lake States have to
buffer the inputs of strong acids from acid deposition.
153
-------
Work to date has included compilation of data, dose-response and
buffering capacity analyses, and preliminary comparisons of
water quality. Efforts are projected to continue through 1984
with the results being published in the form of a final report.
PUBLICATIONS:
Glass, G. E. "Potential for Acidification of Lakes in the Upper
Rainy River Watershed: Cooperative Study Between MPCA, OMOE,
USEPA, and USFS," Progress Report, October 1981.
Rapp, G. R., and G. E. Glass. "Terrigenous Response to Acidic
Deposition in the Lake States' Region (Minnesota/Ontario,
Wisconsin, and Michigan)," Abst. , ACS-Symposium, tlarch 1982.
MILESTONES:
1. Initiate cooperative agreement with UMD. (August 1981)
2. Participate in peer review and present program at ACS.
(April 1982)
3. Final report on documentation and inventory of Minnesota
and Wisconsin aquatic resources. (July 1982)
4. Documentation and inventory final report on Michigan
aquatic resource susceptibility. (July 1983)
5. Final report on documentation and inventory of Minnesota
and Wisconsin streams resources suceptibility. (July 1983)
6. Final report on documentation and inventory of Michigan
aquatic streams reources susceptibility. (July 1984)
7. Validation of susceptibility models (Dickson, Henriksen,
Schnoor, etc.) (July 1984)
154
-------
CODE: E-28
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
Examination of Fish Recruitment and
Occurrence in Low Alkalinity, Soft Water
Wisconsin Lakes (pH 4.5-7.5)
T. Roush
FTS 783-9520, Comm. (218) 727-6692
Environmental Research Laboratory - Duluth
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
G. E. Glass
Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
FTS 783-9526, Comm. (218) 727-6692
October 1979 to December 1981
FUNDING:
FY80: $20K
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this project is to determine reproductive
success and occurrence of fish in low alkalinity soft water of
Wisconsin lakes that represent the low end of the continuum of
acid buffering capacities. Sampling of fish was accomplished by
shoreline sampling during August and September. The occurrence
of fish species has been correlated with physical and chemical
variables to determine the importance of those which are acid
sensitive. Results have been compared with those of other WDNR
and USFWL studies and were scheduled for publication in the form
of a final report in Winter 1981.
PUBLICATIONS:
Progress report /larch 1981. ERL-D Report, 1 p. Journal of
American Fisheries Society publication planned: The relative
importance of acid sensitive water quality parameters and
other variables on the distribution and reproduction of
several fish species.
155
-------
MILESTONES:
1. Interim Report. (March 1981)
2. Draft Final Report. (September 1981)
3. Submit to Journal. (December 1981)
156
-------
CODE: E-29
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Develop and Field Validate System Models
for Predicting the Short- and Long-Term
Impacts of Acid Deposition on Aquatic and
Terrestrial Ecosystems
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
J. L. Schnoor
G. Carmichael
(319) 338-1882
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Engineering College
University of Iowa
Iowa City, IA 52242
G• E• Glass
Environmental Research Laboratory
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
FTS 783-9526, Comm. (218) 727-6692
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
October 1981 to September 1984
FUNDING:
FY81: $7.5K
ABSTRACT:
This project, as part of the general plan to model acidic impacts
considering the fate of pollutants from their origin through
the terrestrial ecosystem to the groundwater resources, is
directed toward the following objectives: (1) verification of
the trickle-down model with field data; (2) prediction of the
impact of acid precipitation on northern Wisconsin, Michigan,
and Minnesota; and (3) provision of a resource management tool
with the capability to assess ecosystem susceptibility and
predict impacts differentiating the role of long-range versus
point-source pollutant loadings.
These objectives are to be accomplished by the development of a
cluster of models. Different scenarios will be analyzed for a
variety of spatial and temporal definitions of the trickle-down
model, including regional flow systems, local flow systems, and
steady-state and time-variable simulations to determine long-
term future trends.
157
-------
Pollutants of concern in these studies include heavy metals, N0x,
S0x, and their reaction products.
To date a model has been developed for assessing long-range
versus short-range pollutant sources, and data has been assimi-
lated for other uses. Efforts are expected to continue through
FY84.
PUBLICATIONS:
Schnoor, J. L., G. R. Carmichael, and F. A. Van Schepen. "An
integrated approach to acid rainfall assessments," Proc. 180th
ACS Symp. on Energy/Environment: Acid Rain, Ann Arbor
Science Publishers. In Press, 1981.
Schnoor, J. L., W. D. Palmer, Jr., F. A. Van Schepen, and J. C.
Lin. Impacts of acid precipitation on the Filson Creek
Watershed, ERL-D Draft Report.
MILESTONES:
1. Participation in interim aquatic impacts assessment of US/
Canada MOI on Transboundary Air Pollution. (September 1981)
2.. Implement cooperative agreement. (December 1981)
3. flass balance of major airborne components for Minnesota
and Wisconsin watersheds. (April 1982)
4. Lakes report for susceptible seepage systems. (June 1982)
5. Calibration of long-term trends model using historical lake
data. (December 1982)
6. Coupling of atmospheric deposition and trickle-down models
for evaluation and calibration. (June 1983)
7. Sensitivity analysis of long/short-term models for predict-
ing impacts. (December 1983)
8. Validation of predictive system's models. (December 1984)
158
-------
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
CODE: E-30
(AQ-155)
PROJECT
TITLE:
Impact of Surface Water Acidification on
Western Salmonids
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Carl B. Schreck
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
(503) 754-4531
FTS 425-4531
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
Oregon State University
Department of Fish and Wildlife
Corvallis, OR 97331
(503) 754-4531
FTS 425-4531
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Robert T. Lackey
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4806
FTS 420-4806
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1981 to March 1982
FUNDING:
FY81: $5K
ABSTRACT:
The objectives of this
tial impacts of acidic
United States, and (2)
resulting from various
project are to: (1) identify the poten-
precipitation on salmonids of the western
predict changes in fish populations
levels of surface water acidification.
A research plan is being developed to carry out the first
objective. A detailed literature review and synthesis is under-
way to accomplish the second objective. In addition, this work
will provide a description of the current acidic precipitation
situation in the United States.
Results of the studies are to be presented in the form of a
final report in Spring 1982.
MILESTONES:
1. Draft report to be submitted to ERL-Corvallis.
2. Final report to be submitted to ERL-Corvallis.
(January 19821
(March 1982)
159
-------
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
CODE: E-31
(AQ-165)
PROJECT
TITLE:
Modeling Workshop (Adaptive Environmental
Assessment) on Acidic Precipitation and
Fish Resources
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
R. Kent Schreiber
(304) 725-2061, FTS 925-5000
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
U.S. Fish and VJildlife Service
Eastern Energy and Land Use Team
Route 3, Box 44
Kearneysville, WV 25430
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Robert T. Lackey
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4806, FTS 420-4806
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
May 1980 to December 1981
FUNDING:
FY81: $ 30K
ABSTRACT:
This project is intended to provide the conceptual framework
(model) for organizing the current information on acid precipi-
tation and its potential to impact freshwater fisheries, and to
aid in identification of priority research needs.
The adaptive environment assessment (AEA) technique will be used
to integrate current information on biological effects of acid
precipitation and to develop a conceptual model which simulates
these interactions and can be used to identify the critical
research needs.
In addition to periodic workshop and meeting reports, results of
the project will be published in a final technical report on the
workshop process and conceptual model.
160
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Andrews, A.K., et al. "Impacts of Acid Precipitation on
Watershed Ecosystems: An Application of the Adaptive
Environmental Assessment Process, in Proceedings of the
International Symposium: Energy and Ecological Modeling
(Louisville, Kentucky, April 20-23, 1981). In press.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Effects of Acid Precipitation
on Aquatic Resources: Results of Modeling Workshops, U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Services Program,
Eastern Energy and Land Use Team, 1982, FWS/OBS-80/40.3.
Approx. 161 p.
MILESTONES:
1. Scoping meeting. (May 1980)
2. AEA workshop. (August 1980)
3. Refinement workshop. (March 1981)
4. Technical meetings (June 1981)
5. -Final report. (December 1981)
161
-------
CODE: E-32
PROJECT
TITLE:
Vulnerability of Non-Fish Aquatic
Organisms (Including Amphibians)
to Acidification
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZ AT I ON:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
R. Kent Schreiber
(304) 725-2061, FTS 925-5000
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Eastern Energy and Land Use Team
Route 3, Box 44
Kearneysville, WV 25430
Robert T. Lackey
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4806, FTS 420-4806
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
January 1982 to October 1985
FUNDING:
FY81: $ 5K
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed to assess the susceptibility of non-fish
aquatic organisms to direct and indirect consequences of acidifi-
cation processes.
Field and laboratory investigations will be conducted to deter-
mine the mechanisms responsible for impacts to primary target
organisms (e.g., frogs, salamanders, waterfowl) from direct
acidification (e.g., physiological and behavioral changes) and
indirectly through habitat alteration.
Efforts on this project are projected to continue through FY85,
with the results being presented in the form of a final report.
MILESTONES:
1. Initiate contract. (January 1982)
2. Assessment phase report. (October 1982)
3. Field/laboratory studies. (June 1984)
4. Integration/synthesis report. (October 1985)
162
-------
CODE: E-33
PROJECT
TITLE:
The Effect of Snowmelt on the Surface and
Ground V7ater Quality in the Filson Creek
Watershed Area, Northeastern Minnesota
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
D. I. Siegel
(612) 725-7841
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
U.S.D.I., U.S.G.S.
702 Post Office Building
St. Paul, MM 55101
PROJECT
OFFICER:
G• E• Glass
Environmental Research
6201 Congdon Blvd.
Duluth, MN 55804
FTS 783-9526, Comm. (218)
Laboratory
727-6692
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
May 1979 to September 1981
FUNDING:
FY79:
FY80:
$7K
$ 15K
ABSTRACT:
This project was designed to analyze and interpret data from the
period of 1976 to 1979 obtained through field studies in the
Filson Creek watershed area. Processes of concern were the
effects of snowmelt on surface and ground water quality.
Data collected by the U.S.G.S., U.S.F.S., and U.S. EPA were used
as well as data collected for the dissertation of D. F. Siegel
at the University of Minnesota, and Minnesota Copper/Nickel
Project data. Sulfate concentration and pH were used in con-
junction with mass balances to evaluate the sources of sulfate
in Filson Creek.
Results of the study were published in two reports.
163
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Siegel, D. I. "The effect of snowmelt on the water quality of
Filson Creek and Omaday Lake, Northeastern Minnesota," Water
Resour. Res., V. 17, No. 1, 1981, pp. 238-242.
Siegel, D. I. "Effect of snowmelt on Filson Creek and Omaday
Lake, Northeastern Minnesota," U.S.G.S. Water-Resour. Invest.,
81-000, 1981, 122 p.
MILESTONES:
1. Provide data for U.S./Canada aquatic impacts. (May 1981)
2. U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations.
(July 1981)
164
-------
CODE: E-34
PROJECT
TITLE:
Special Symposium on the Effects of
Acid Rain on Benthos
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Robert Singer
Department of Biology
(315) 824-1000, Ext. 393
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Colgate University
Hamilton, NY 13346
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Robert T. Lackey
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4806
FTS 420-4806
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
July 1980 to July 1981
FUNDING:
FY7 9: $3.8K
ABSTRACT:
A symposium was held at Colgate University, Hamilton, New York,
on August 8-9, 1980 with the objective of:
1) Encouraging research in the field of effects of acid
precipitation on Benthos
2) Exchanging ideas and data
3) Developing a list of specialists interested and active
in the field
4) Publishing and distributing the Proceedings of the
Symposium
A second symposium was called as part of the North American
Benthological Society's Northeast symposium on Benthic Biology.
Papers were presented at the symposium and v/ill appear in a
publication of the proceedings.
165
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Singer, R. (editor). Effects of Acidic Precipitation on Benthos,
North American Benthological Society, 156 p. In press.
Singer, R. "Effects of Acid Precipitation on Benthic Organisms,"
in F. D1Itri (editor), The Effects of Acidic Precipitation on
Ecological Systems: Great Lake Region, proceedings of a
conference held at the Institute of Water Research (Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan, April 1-13, 1981),
Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan. In press.
MILESTONES:
1. Published proceedings. (January 1982)
166
-------
CODE: E-35
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
A Study of Oxygen Prediction, Loss,
Exchange, and Transport Rates in the
Monticello Ecological Research Station
Experimental Channels
R8 05678
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
H. Stefan
(612) 373-2782
St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab.
University of Minnesota
Mississippi River & 3rd Ave., S.E.
Minneapolis, MN 55414
K. E. F. Hokanson
Monticello Ecological Research Station
P.O. Box 500
Monticello, MN 55362
(612) 295-5145
March 1978 to June 1981
FUNDING:
FY78-79:
FY8 0:
$47.7K
$5K
ABSTRACT:
The objectives of this project were to: (1) revise the method-
ology for empirical modeling of community metabolism of an
experimental mesocosm and to apply that method to describe the
effects of water temperature and acid treatment on community
metabolism, and (2) provide software for a routine ecological
tool for monitoring toxicological response of an aquatic
community to acid stress.
Dissolved oxygen concentrations, along with many other para-
meters, were monitored for 24 hours in experimental mesocosms at
the Monticello Ecological Research Station in Minnesota. As a
result of the experiments, a theory for predicting a reaeration
coefficient was developed, a method for estimating the surface
exchange coefficient for night dissolved oxygen routing was
developed and applied, and parameters relating to secondary
currents and wind in the equations for the surface exchange
coefficient were determined.
Results of the studies were reported in three memorandum
documents.
167
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Gulliver, J. S., T. w. Mattke, and H. G. Stefan. Numerical and
Graphical Procedures for Estimation of Community Photosynthesis
and Respiration in Experimental Streams, U.S. EPA, Environmental
Research Laboratory-Duluth, Duluth, MN, Final Draft Report,
1981, 122 p.
Gulliver, J. S., and H. G. Stefan. "Photosynthesis and Respiration
Rates in the Monticello Experimental Streams: 1978/79 Diel
Field Data and Computed Results," University of Minnesota, St.
Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory External Memorandum No.
172, 1981, 57 p.
Gulliver, J. S., and H. G. Stefan. "Air-Water Oxygen Exchange:
Theory and Application to Experimental Streams," University of
Minnesota, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory External
Memorandum No. 173, 1981, 108 p.
Mattke, T. W., and H. G. Stefan. "Graphical Method to Estimate
Stream Community Respiration and Primary Productivity from
Dissolved Oxygen Measurements," University of Minnesota,
St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Laboratory External Memorandum
No. 169, 1980, 53 p.
MILESTONES:
1. Draft final report - EPA. (March 1980)
2. Three University of Minnesota, St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic
Laboratory External Memorandum Documents. (December 1980
to May 19 81)
168
-------
CODE: E-36
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
(AQ-159)
Effect of Acid Rain on Groundwater and
Surface Water Supplies in New England
Floyd Taylor, Executive Secretary
New England Water Works Association
990 Washington Street
Dedham, MA 02026
(617) 329-9650
Municipal Environmental Research Laboratory
Drinking Water Research Division
26 W. St. Clair St.
Cincinnati, OH 45268
(513) 684-7345
FTS 684-7345
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Gary S. Logsden
(513) 684-7345
FTS 684-7345
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE
1981 to October 1982
FUNDING:
FY81: $100K
ABSTRACT:
This project was designed to determine the effects of acid rain
on the drinking water supplies in New England and northeastern
New York, as performed cooperatively by the EPA and the New
England Water Works Association.
The project was divided into three tasks: (1) obtaining his-
toric data; (2) collecting surface water samples and measuring
pH and temperature; (3) evaluating the gathered information in
terms of parameters which would indicate what the effects of
acid rain on water supplies has been.
A strong emphasis was placed on training and equipping the
field staff. Historic data covering from 10 to 50 year spans
has been collected for nearly all the raw water sources. Staff
efforts have primarily been concentrated on evaluating the EPA
water sample test results obtained thus far. The results of the
evaluation will be published in a final report made available
through NTIS in late 1982.
169
-------
MILESTONES:
1. Interim Report. (March 1982)
2. Final Report. (October 1982)
170
-------
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
CODE: E-37
(AQ-137)
Effects of Acidification of Northern
Wisconsin Lakes on Resident Fishes
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
James G. Wiener
(608) 783-6451, FTS 364-3212
Leader, Field Research Station - LaCrosse
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
P.O. Box 936
26 30 Fanta Reed Rd.
La Crosse, WI 54600
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
R. Kent Schreiber, Program Coordinator
(304) 725-2061, FTS 925-5000
Gary E. Glass
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Duluth, MN
(218) 727-9526, FTS 783-9526
July 1981 to January 1982
FUNDING:
FY81: $29.7K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project is to assess the potential effects
of acidification from acid precipitation on fisheries resources
in both non-susceptible and highly-susceptible Northern Wisconsin
lakes.
Twelve study lakes (6 susceptible and 6 non-susceptible) were
selected for field study of their fish communities and water
quality. Data has been collected to provide both qualitative
and quantitative information on species richness, growth,
condition factors, plasma calcium concentrations, trace metal
accumulation, bilateral assymetry, and water chemistry.
Results of the studies will be presented in a final technical
report in early 1982.
MILESTONES:
1. Study initiated. (July 1980)
2. Progress reports. (Quarterly)
3. Final technical report. (January 1982)
171
-------
CODE: E-38
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Acid Rain Impact on Lakes and Fish
Populations
Joe Wisnewski
(703) 827-6000
MITRE Corporation
1820 Dolley Madison Blvd
McLean, VA 2210 2
Ralph Luken
Office of Air, Noise,
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-2482
and Radiation
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
1981
FY81: $10K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project was to evaluate the impact of acid
rain on lakes and fish populations. A total of eleven lakes
were studied. The current conditions of the lakes were estab-
lished and changes resulting from acidification were projected
to the year 2020.
MILESTONES:
1. Draft report. (1981)
172
-------
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
CODE: E-39
(AQ-99)
PROJECT
TITLE:
Applicability of Henriksen's Empirical
Model for Acidification Prediction in
North American Lakes
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Richard F. Wright
(02) 46-69-60
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Norwegian Institute for Water Research
P.O. Box 33
Oslo, Norway
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Charles F. Powers
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
(through NCSU)
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4684
FTS 420-4684
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE!
August 1981 to August 1982
FUNDING:
FY80: $40K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project is to determine whether Henricksen's
Empirical Model is capable of predicting the response of lakes
to increased or decreased atmospheric acid loading.
Henricksen's model for lake acidification uses the pH and
calcium content of lake water to separate lakes into bicar-
bonate, transition, and acid lake groups. Existing water
quality and precipitation data from data bases in Norway,
Sweden, and North America are being utilized in Henricksen's
model to determine its applicability for use with such data
bases.
Results of the study will be published in a final research
report in Fall 1982.
MILESTONES:
1. Final research report. (September 1982)
173
-------
CODE: E-40
PROJECT
TITLE:
Acid Effects on Fathead Minnows and
Macroinvertebrates in Outdoor Experimental
Channels of the Monticello Ecological
Research Station
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
(1) J. A. Zischke, Prof, of Biology
(2) J. W. Arthur and R. 0. Hermanutz
(612) 295-5145
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
(1) Saint Olaf College
Northfield, MN 55057
(2) Monticello Ecological Research Station
P.O. Box 500
Monticello, MN 55362
PROJECT
OFFICER:
J. W. Arthur
Monticello Ecological Research Station
P.O. Box 500
Monticello, MN 55362
(612) 295-5145
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
May 1979 to October 1980
FUNDING:
FY79: $ 3 6 5 K*
FY80: $15K
*Includes funds from other sources.
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project was to field assess the impacts of
acidification on freshwater macroinvertabrates and fish. More
specifically, the study was designed to determine whether acidifi-
cation would reduce a fish population, benthic invertebrate
diversity and insect emergence, and increase macroinvertebrate
drift.
To accomplish these objectives, three outdoor experimental
channels at the U.S. EPA Monticello (Minnesota) Ecological
Research Station were employed. Fathead minnows were introduced
to serve as test fish, whereas the invertebrate community in the
channels was a product of natural colonization. One control
channel was maintained while the other two were acidified with
sulfuric acid. Results of the study were published in the fall
of 1980.
174
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Zischke, J. A., J. W. Arthur, K. J. Nordlie, R. 0. Hermanutz, D.
A. Standen, and T. P. Henry. Acidification effects on macro-
invertebrates and fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in
outdoor experimental channels, U.S. EPA Final Draft Report,
Monticello Ecological Research Station, Monticello, MN, 1980,
44 p.
MILESTONES:
1. Study initiated. (May 1979)
2. Study ended. (September 1979)
3. Final report due. (October 1980)
175
-------
SECTION F: TERRESTRIAL IMPACTS
176
-------
CODE: F-l
PROJECT
TITLE:
Effect of Acid Precipitation on Microbial
Mineralization of Nitrogen in Soil
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Martin Alexander
(607) 256-3264
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Department of Agronomy
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14853
PRO J ECT
OFFICER:
Raymond G. Wilhour
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
(through NCSU)
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4634, FTS 420-4634
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
September 1980 to September 1982
FUNDING:
FY80: $ 33K
FY81: $ 35K
ABSTRACT:
The objectives of this project are to determine: (1) the effect
of acid precipitation of nitrogen and nitrification as affected
by soil depth, (2) the influence of plant roots in modifying the
effects of acid precipitation on nitrogen mineralization and
nitrification, and (3) whether adaption occurs among micro-
organisms to make the nitrogen mineralizing and nitrifying
populations more able to cope with acid precipitation induced
stresses.
Samples representing the major categories of soils actually or
potentially impacted by acid precipitation have been collected
from forested areas in the Adirondack region of New York. The
field samples are subjected to analyses in the laboratory, where
the substrates are utilized for nitrogen mineralization and
nitrification studies.
The results of the studies will be presented in a final research
report in the Fall of 1982.
MILESTONES:
1. Final research report. (September 1982)
177
-------
CODE: F-2
PRO J ECT
TITLE:
Effects of Simulated Acid Precipitation on
Field Crops and Fusiform Rust of Loblolly
Pine
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
Robert I. Bruck
(919) 737-2721
Allen S. Heagle
(919) 737-3728
NCSU/USDA
Plant Pathology Department
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, NC 27650
Jeffrey Lee
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4758, FTS 420-4758
May 1979 to April 1982
FUNDING:
FY79
FY80
FY81
$ 15K
$ 15K
$ 15K
ABSTRACT:
The objectives of this project are to: (1) determine the short-
and long-term effects of acidic rain on injury, growth, and
yield of soybeans and corn under field conditions, (2) measure
changes in chemical, physical, and biological soil factors
affecting crop productivity, and (3) determine threshold doses
of acidic rain on the epidemiology of fusiform rust of loblolly
pine.
Potted loblolly pine is being exposed to simulated rain of four
pH levels before, during, and after innoculation with fusiform
rust to carry out the objectives listed above. In addition, in
vitro studies with aeciospores and basidiospores are being
performed.
Results have been presented in two articles and will also appear
in a final research report to be released in the Spring of 1982.
178
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Brewer, P. F. , and A. S. Heagle. "Interactions between Glomus
macrocarpus and "field" exposures of soybean to ozone or acid
ram," Phytopathology (in review).
Bruck, R. I., S. R. Shafer, and A. S. Heagle. "Effects of
simulated acid ram on the development of fusiform rust on
loblolly pine," Phytopathology, V. 71, 1981, 864 p.
MILESTONES:
1. Final research report. (April 1982)
179
-------
CODE: F-3
PROJECT
TITLE:
Effects of Acid Precipitation on
Decomposition and Weathering Processes
in Terrestrial Ecosystems
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
Christopher S. Cronan
(207) 581-7092
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology
University of Maine
Orono, ME 04469
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Raymond G. Wilhour
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
(through NCSU)
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4634
FTS 420-4634
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
October 1980 to February 1982
FUNDING:
FY79:
FY80:
$ 30K
$50K
ABSTRACT:
This project was designed for the: (1) evaluation of the
effects of acid precipitation on soil weathering and organic
matter decomposition processes, and (2) development of a predic-
tive understanding regarding the comparative effects of acid
precipitation on nutrient depletion and replenishment processes
in terrestrial ecosystems.
Laboratory lysimeter microcosm studies have been conducted
and are closely tied to key field sites where field research
continues.
Results of this project will be presented in a final report in
Spring 1982.
180
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
"Chromatographic processes in natural ecosystems: controls on
the movement of acidic organic solutes and organo-metallic
complexes in forest soils and watersheds of the Northeastern
U.S., "Symposium on Terrestrial and Aquatic Humic Materials
(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, November 4-5,
1981).
Cronan, C. S. Testimony before House of Representatives
Subcommittee on InterAmerican Affairs, "Transboundary
Pollution," May 20, 1980.
McFee, W. , and C. S. Cronan. "The action of wet and dry deposi-
tion components of acid precipitation on litter and soil," m
F. D'ltri (editor), The Effects of Acid Precipitation on
Ecological Systems: Great Lakes Region, proceedings of a
conference held at the Institute of Water Research (Michigan
State University, East Lansing, Michigan, April 1-3, 1981),
Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Ann Arbor, Michigan. In press.
MILESTONES:
1. Final research report. (February 1982)
181
-------
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
CODE:
F-4
(AG-7)
PROJECT
TITLE:
Effects of Acid Precipitation on
Terrestrial Ecosystems
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
George Hendrey
(516) 345-3262
FTS 666-3262
Lance
(212)
Evans
920-0100
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PRO J ECT
OFFICER:
Environmental Sciences Group
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Upton, NY 11973
Raymond G. Wilhour
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4634
FTS 420-4634
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1979 to September 1982
FUNDING:
FY 7 9
FY80
FY81
$ 258K
$158K
$ 100K
ABSTRACT:
The objectives of this project are to: (1) determine the
effects of acid precipitation and acid aerosols on forest and
crop plants of the northeastern United States, and (2) analyze
the effects using computer simulation models.
Field grown soybeans, protected from ambient rain, have been
exposed to control and simulated acid rains and aerosols. The
crops are being monitored to assess the effects of the acidic
conditions on crop growth and yield.
Results of the studies will be presented in a final report in
Fall 1982.
MILESTONES:
1. Progress report. (March 1981)
2. Final report. (September 1982)
182
-------
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
CODE: F-5
(AG-27)
PROJECT
TITLE:
Effects of Changing Patterns of Acidic
Precipitation on the Quality and Yield of
Major Agricultural Crops of the North-
eastern U.S.
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Jay S. Jacobsen
(607) 257-2030
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
Boyce Thompson Institute
Cornell University
Ithaca, NY 14853
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Jeffrey Lee
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
(through NCSU)
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4758, FTS 420-4758
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
June 1980 to May 1982
FUNDING:
FY79: $ 40K
FY80: $ 49K
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed to quantify the effects of acid rain on
radish and spinach crops in the eastern United States. By
supplementing a program functioning since 1973, this project
provides for the development and application of techniques for
the field exposure of crops to simulated rain, with emphasis
placed on the costs and benefits of reductions and increases in
the deposition of components of rain.
Rain chemistry data, obtained from the NADP network, was used in
designing the experiments, in which economically important crops
in the eastern United States were exposed to simulated rain of
varying hydrogen, sulfate, and nitrate ion composition. Patterns,
intensities, durations, and frequencies of the simulated rain
were designed to imitate ambient conditions.
Results of the studies have been published in several articles
and will also appear in a final research report in the Summer of
1982.
183
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Jacobson/ J. S. "Acid Ram and Environmental Policy," Journal
of the Air Pollution Control Association, V. 41, pp. 1071-
1073.
Jacobson, J. S. Testimony before Subcommittee on Natural
Resources of the Science and Technology Committee, also
Subcommittee on Department Operation, Research and Foreign
Agriculture of the Agriculture Committee, July 9, 1981,
"Effects of Ozone and Acid Rain on Agriculture," Washington,
D.C., 1981.
Jacobson, J. S. Testimony before House Subcommittee on Natural
Resources of the Committee on Science and Technology,
"The Acid Deposition Problem and Agriculture in New York
State," Lake Placid, NY, September 18, 1981.
Troiano, J., L. Heller, and J. S. Jacobson. "Effects of Acidic
Rain on Growth of Field-Grown Radish," Environmental Pollution.
In press.
MILESTONES:
1. Final research report. (May 1982)
184
-------
PROJECT
TITLE:
CODE: F-6
Aluminum Movement in Pine Barren Soils
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Arthur Johnson
(215) 243-4906
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION :
Department of Geology
University of Pennsylvania
Philadelphia, PA 19104
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Raymond G. Wilhour
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4634, FTS 420-4634
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
July 1981 to February 1982
FUNDING:
FY81: $ 6K
ABSTRACT:
The objectives of this project are to: (1) determine if
aluminum (Al) is an important link between acid precipitation
and tree growth, and (2) develop a flow path for Al transport
through soil.
Soil water samples from lysimeters in the 0, A2, and B horizons
of the McDonalds Branch basin in the New Jersey Pine Barrens are
being analyzed for Al, Ca, Mg, Na, K, Zn, Fe, and Mn. The
evaluation of these data will then allow for the identification
of relationships between precipitation pH, tree growth, and soil
water elemental concentrations.
Results of the study will be presented in a final report in
Spring 1982.
MILESTONES:
1. Final report. (March 1982)
18 5
-------
CODE: F-7
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
Characterization and Quantification of the
Transfer, Fate, and Effects of SO , NOx,
and Acid Precipitation on Forest Ecosystems
Representative of the Tennessee Valley Region
(1) H. C. Jones
Supervisor
Air Quality Research
Section
(2) J. M. Kelly
TVA/ORNL Watershed
Study Program
(1) Air Quality Branch
Div. Env. Pi.
TVA, E&D Bldg.
Muscle Shoals, AL 35660
(2) Bldg. 1505, Rm 338
Oak Ridge National Lab.
Oak Ridge, TN 3 78 30
(616) 574-7815
David E. Weber
Office of Environmental Processes
and Effects Research (RD-682)
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-0264
1979 to 1982
FUNDING:
FY79:
FY8 0:
FY81:
S250K
$225K
$225K
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this project is to characterize, quantify, and
compare the transfer, fate, and effects of sulfur and nitrogen
compounds entering two forest watersheds on the Cumberland
Plateau.
186
-------
The first three years of this study have been devoted to the
selection, development, and characterization of two similar,
forested watersheds, typical of those on the Cumberland Plateau.
One of the sites is remotely located and will provide background
conditions. The second site is within 12 miles of the Widows
Creek Stream plant and has been subjected to 30 years of elevated
sulfur and nitrogen input. Quantification of nutrient input/
output relationships has continued through FY81, however,
emphasis has shifted from baseline quantificaton to deposition
modeling and comparative mass balance evaluations. Initial
sulfur evaluations will be largely completed in FY82 and funds
from EPRI will be used to address nitrogen deposition and fluxes
within the two forest ecosystems.
PUBLICATIONS:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, A report on the objectives,
facilities, and ecological characteristics of the study sites
for the characterization and quantification of the transfer,
fate, and effects of SO , NO , and acid precipitation on
forest ecosystems representative of the Tennessee Valley
Reg ion EPA-600-/7-7 9-0 53.
MILESTONES:
1. Report on sulfur fluxes within two forest ecosystems of the
¦Cumberland Plateau. (January 1982)
2. Report on sulfur uptake in loblolly pine as influenced by
sulfur and nitrogen components of acid precipitation.
(January 1982}
3. Report on decomposition mineralization response to acid
deposition. (February 1982)
187
-------
PROJECT
TITLE:
CODE: F-8
(AG-37)
Effects of Acid Rain on Reproduction of
Fruit Crops
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Walter Render
(315) 787-2231
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Department of Pomology and Vitriculture
New York State Agricultural Experiment
Station
Geneva, NY 14456
Jeffrey Lee
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
(through NCSU)
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4758, FTS 420-4758
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
March 1980 to December 1981
FUNDING:
FY79: $50K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project was to determine the effects of acid
precipitation on the critical blooming stage of the reproductive
cycle of fruit plants.
Apple trees and grapevines were treated in the field with
simulated acid precipitation of various pH levels and at various
stages of fruit bloom. Laboratory tests using potted plants
were then performed to support the field data.
Results of the study will be presented in a final research
report in late 1981.
MILESTONES:
1. Final research report. (December 1981)
188
-------
CODE: F-9
PROJECT
TITLE:
Model Forest Ecosystem Study
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Jeffrey Lee
(503) 757-4758
FTS 420-4758
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Same as above
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1976-1981
FUNDING:
FY81: $19K*
*Prior year's funding was from related air quality research
programs
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this project is to document the response of
hardwood forests to the onset of acid rain.
Model hardwood forests, grown in lysimeter boxes, were exposed
to control or simulated acid rains for a 3.5 year period ending
January 1980. The responses of various ecosystem components are
currently being analyzed. This experiment focused on sugar
maple and red alder trees.
PUBLICATIONS:
Lee, J. J. and D. E. Weber. "The Effect of Simulated Acid Rain
on Seedlings Emergence and Growth of Eleven Woody Species,"
Forest Science, V. 25, 1979, pp. 393-398.
Lee, J. J. and D. E. Weber. "The Effects of Sulfuric Acid Rain
on Major Cations and Sulfate Concentrations of Water Percolating
Through Two Model Hardwood Forests, Journal of Environmental
Quality, V. 11, 1982, pp. 57-64.
MILESTONES:
1. Progress report. (January 1981)
189
-------
CODE: F-10
PROJECT
TITLE:
Effects of Acid Precipitation on Microbial
Transformations in Soil and Resulting
Nutrient Availability in Plants
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
John G. McColl and
Department of Soil
(415) 642-1028
tlary K. Firestone
and Plant Nutrition
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION;
Department of
University of
Berkeley, CA
Soil and Plant
California
94720
Nutrition
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Raymond G. Wilhour
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
(through NCSU)
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4634
FTS 420-4634
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
June 1980 to June 1982
FUNDING:
FY80:
FY81:
$25K
$28K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project is to determine the effects of acid
precipitation on the microbial transformation and availability
of nutrients in soils by examination of key reactions of the
nitrogen cycle in rizosphere and nonrizosphere soils.
Soil samples for this project have been obtained from a green-
house experiment in which nitrogen-fixing and non-nltrogen-
fixing plants growing in two soil types were subjected to acid
rain treatment. Microbial activity for nitrification, denitrifi-
cation, and nitrogen-fixation processes are being determined to
evaluate the effect of the acid precipitation on the soils.
Results have been released in several publications and will
appear in a final research report in the Summer of 1982.
19 0
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Firestone, M. K., J. G. McColl, and P. D. Brooks. "Effects of
acid precipitation on soil nitrogen transformations in the
rhlzosphere," American Society of Agronomy meeting (Detroit,
November 30-December 5, 1980).
Firestone, M. K., J. G. McColl, and P. D. Brooks. "Effects of
acid rain on soil microbial activities and plant productivity,"
American Society of Agronomy Annual meeting (Atlanta, Georgia,
November 30-December 5, 1981).
Firestone, M. K., and J. G. McColl. "Effects of acid deposition
on microbial response and its implications for plant produc-
tivity," American Chemical Society Annual Meetings (Las
Vegas, New York, March 28-April 2, 1982).
McColl, J. G. "Acid Rain in Northern California," California
Air Resources Board Hearings (Los Angeles, California, March 4,
1981).
McColl, J. G. Testimony before the California Assembly Select
Committee on Acid Rain, August 13, 1981.
McColl, J. G., and M. K. Firestone. "Some effects of acid
precipitation on plants and soil," in Proceedings of the
Symposium on Acid Precipitation (California Air Resources
Board, Sacramento, January 14-15, 1981). In press.
Killham, K. S., and M. K. Firestone. "Acid Rain and Soil
Microbial Activity: Effects and Mechanisms of Effects,"
American Society of Microbiology Annual Meetings (Atlanta,
Georgia, March 7, 1982).
MILESTONES:
1. Final research report. (June 1982)
191
-------
CODE: F-ll
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Analysis of Chemical Changes in New Jersey
Soils
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
Alan W. Mcintosh, Director
Division of Water Resources
(201) 932-3596/932-3738
Rutgers, The State University
Doolittle Hall
New Brunswick, NJ 08903
Stephen 0. Wilson
Office of Exploratory Research
(RD-675)
401 M Street, S.w.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-9454
1981 to 1982
FY81: $ 20K
ABSTRACT:
Through collection of samples replicating a soil chemistry
survey performed in 1940, this project will assess the potential
impact of acid deposition on soils in portions of the Atlantic
Coastal Plain and lower Appalachian physiographic regions.
Identification of long-term changes through leaching of plant
nutrients, acceleration of soil weathering and mobilization of
metals will be evaluated through reanalysis of the original
samples and comparison with the prior chemistry data, including
soil pH, cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable bases.
The field sampling and analysis will continue into the spring of
1982, with the results of the study being presented in a final
report in the summer of 1982.
MILESTONES:
1. Complete field sampling and chemical analyses. (March 1982
2. Statistical analysis and final report. (July 1982)
192
-------
PROJECT
TITLE:
CODE: F-12
(AG-21)
Ecological Effects of Coal Combustion:
Interaction Effects on Vegetation of SO
Ozone, and Acid Precipitation
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
S. B. tlcLaughlin and D.
(615) 574-7358
Shriner
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Environmental Sciences Division
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
Raymond G. Wilhour
Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
FTS 420-4634
(503) 757-4634
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1981
FUNDING:
FY79
FY80
FY81
$131K
$ 13 IK
$ 13 IK
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project is to evaluate the effects of
individual and combined doses of energy-related atmospheric
pollutants, occurring over large regions of the eastern United
States, on terrestrial vegetation.
The project involves exposing plants to simulated rain with
levels of acidity adjusted with sulfuric and nitric acids to
span the range of pH levels found in ambient rain in the eastern
U.S. In the experiments, factors such as 0^ or SO2
exposures, differences in cultivar sensitivity, harvest times,
and mode of solution application are studied in addition to the
rain pH effect so that the interaction of several levels of the
different factors can be determined.
193
-------
Two general approaches have been used: (1) measurement of
parameters such as dry weight of plant organs, visible dam-
age (necrosis) and chlorophyll concentration of leaves; and
(2) measurement of physiological parameters such as CO^
uptake (photosynthesis), gaseous pollutant uptake, and the
allocation of photosynthate to various plant organs during plant
growth in an effort to determine the mechanisms of the observed
acid rain effects observed in growth and yield experiments.
Results have been published in the proceedings of a conference.
PUBLICATIONS:
Shriner, D. S., S. B. McLaughlin, and G. E. Taylor, Jr.
"Ecological implications of air pollutants from synthetic
fuels processing," Proc. Third International Conference on
Energy Use Management (Berlin, Oct. 26-30, 1981), 1981.
194
-------
PROJECT
TITLE:
CODE: F-13
(AG-15)
Acid Precipitation Effects on Crops
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
Joseph Miller
(312) 972-4206
Patricia Irving
(312) 472-4211
Radiological and Environmental Research
Division
Argonne National Laboratory
9700 South Cass Ave.
Argonne, IL 60439
Raymond G. Wilhour
Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
FTS 420-4634
(503) 757-4634
1981
FUNDING:
FY81: $20K
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this project is to determine the relative
importance of pH and sulfate/nitrate ratio for response of
important agricultural crops to acid rain.
To accomplish this objective, greenhouse-grown soybeans have
been exposed to simulated acid rain of varying pH and sulfuric/
nitric acid ratios. Plant growth and yield responses of the
plants were monitored to evaluate the relative importance of
the parameters indicated in the objective.
Results of this research will be summarized in the Argonne
National Laboratory Annual Report.
MILESTONES:
1. Progess report. (March 1981)
195
-------
CODE: F-14
(AG-1)
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Determination of Effects of Acid Rain
on Agricultural Crops
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
(1) Dale Moss, OSU
(503) 754-2821
(2) Jeffrey Lee, EPA
(503) 757-4758
FTS 420-4758
(1) Crop Science Department
Oregon State University
Corvallis, OR 97331
(2) EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
Raymond G. Wilhour
Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
FTS 420-4634
(503) 757-4634
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
1981
FY81: $370K
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed to determine the effects of acid rain
at present and at potential future levels of acidity on the
yield of economically important crops in the United States,
including alfalfa, fescue, corn, barley, wheat, potatoes,
radishes, tomatoes, and beans.
To achieve this objective, plants in the field and in chamber
environments are being exposed to control and simulated acid
rains. Plant growth, foliar injury responses and yield quantity
and quality are being documented for the crops.
Results of the studies have been presented in several papers and
articles.
196
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Cohen, C. J., L. C. Grothaus, and S. C. Perrigan. Effects of
simulated sulfuric acid rain on crop plants, Special Report
619, Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University,
Corvallis, Oregon, 1981.
Cohen, C. J., L. C. Grothaus, and S. C. Perrigan. Effects of
simulated sulfuric and sulfuric-nitric acid rain on crop
plants, Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State
University, Corvallis, Oregon, 1982.
Glass, N. R., et al. "A brief survey of the sensitivity of the
environment to acid precipitation," Env. Sci. Tech., 1982.
In press.
Glass, N. R., C. F. Powers, J. J. Lee, D. L. Rambo, and D. W.
O'Guinn. "The sensitivity of the U.S. environment to acid
precipitation," in Proceedings of the International Conference
on the Ecological Effects of Acid Precipitation^ D~! Drablos
and A. Tollan (Eds.), SNSF Project, As, Norway, 1980.
Lee, J. J. Acid deposition and agricultural production.
Testimony submitted to hearing of House Committee on Science
and Technology and House Agriculture Committee, July 1981.
Lee, J. J. "Acid rain effects on California crop yield and
foliar injury," in Proceedings of California Symposium on
Acid Precipitation, California Air Resources Board, 1981.
In press.
Lee, J. J. "The effects of acid precipitation on crops," In:
F. D'ltri (Ed.), Conference on Effects of Acid Precipitation
on Ecological Systems: Great Lake Region, Ann Arbor Press,
1981. In press.
Lee, J. J., G. E. Neely, and S. C. Perrigan. Sulfuric acid rain
effects on crop yield and foliar injury, EPA-600/3-80-016,
1981, 21 p.
Lee, J. J., G. E. Neely, S. C. Perrigan, and L. C. Grothaus.
"Effect of simulated sulfuric acid rain on yield, growth,
and foliar injury of several crops," Environmental and
Experimental Botany, V. 21, 1981, pp. 171-185.
MILESTONES:
1. Progress report. (January 1981)
197
-------
CODE: F-15
PROJECT
TITLE:
Effects of Acid Precipitation on Selected
Soils of the Southeastern United States
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Bob G. Volk
(904) 392-1951
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION
Soil Science Department
University of Florida
Gainesville, FL 32611
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Raymond G. Wilhour
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4634, FTS 420-4634
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
October 1980 to October 1982
FUNDING:
FY8 0:
FY81:
$ 40K
$ 60K
ABSTRACT:
The objectives of this project are to examine the effects of
acid rain on (1) chemical properties of soils, (2) organic
matter and forest litter decomposition, (3) nitrogen transforma-
tion, and (4) soil microbial populations.
To achieve these objectives, soils are being leached with
"normal" and acid rain in both field and laboratory studies.
Changes in inorganic matter decomposition rates are being
monitored in addition to determining complete elemental analyses,
organic matter contents, soluble carbon levels, and cation
exchange capacities. Both nitrogen transformation and microbial
populations will be examined in field and laboratory experiments
before and after acid treatments as well.
Results of the studies will be presented in a final research
report in the Winter of 1982.
198
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Boylan, R. , and G. Bitton. "Effect of acid rain upon soil
microbiology activity," American Society of Microbial Annual
Meeting (Atlanta, Georgia, March 1982).
Byers, G. E. , and B. G. Volk.. "Effect of Acid Precipitation
on a Candler Soil (Typic Quartzipsamment) in a field and
laboratory study," Soil and Crop Science Society of Florida,
St. Augustine, Florida, October 27-29, 1981.
Byers, G. E., and B. G. Volk. "The effects of simulated acid
rain on the movement of ions in a quartzipsamment soil under
natural conditions in Florida," American Society of Agronomy
Meeting (Atlanta, Georgia), November 29-December 4, 1981).
MILESTONES:
1. Final research report. (October 1982)
199
-------
PERTINENT PROJECTS LISTED IN OTHER CATEGORIES
E-8 Impacts of Airborne Pollutants on Wilderness and Park
Areas of Northern Minnesota
E-20 Assessment and Synthesis of Research Related to
Biological Effects of Acid Deposition
200
-------
SECTION G: EFFECTS ON MATERIALS
201
-------
CODE: G-l
PROJECT
TITLE:
Acid Rain and Material Damage in Stone
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Norbert Baer
(201) 988-5550
Conservation Center
New York University
One East 78th Street
New York, NY 10021
Fred Haynie
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919) 629-2535
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1981 to June 1983
FUNDING:
FY80: $ 35K
FY81: $ 25K
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this study is to determine the contribution of
acid rain to the accelerated erosion of building stone. Marble
headstones and markers placed by the Headstone Service of the
Veteran's Administration and the Headstone Service of the
National Cemetery System are being used as subjects, represent-
ing uniform materials subjected to controlled production condi-
tions and placed in a variety of climates for extended time
periods. Atmospheric pollutant levels are being correlated with
the extent of the material's decay at various locations.
A report of progress on the investigation is presented in an
annual report.
This project is a continuation of project G-2, Acid Rain and
Material Damage on Building Stone.
202
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Baer, N. S. Statement at Hearing Before the Select Committee on
Small Business and the Committee on Environment and Public
Works, United States Senate, Ninety-Sixth Congress, Second
Session on Impact of Acid Rain, September 23, 1980, U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1980, pp.
184-192.
MILESTONES:
1 Status report. (April 1982)
2. Journal article on methods for detecting time and space
differences in stone damages. (flay 1982)
3. Article in Durability of Building Materials relating stone
damage to environmental exposure conditions. (June 1983)
203
-------
CODE: G-2
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Acid Rain and Material Damage on Building
Stone
Norbert S. Baer
(201) 988-5550
Conservation Center
New York University
One East 78th Street
New York, NY 10021
Raymond G. Wilhour
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4634
FTS 420-4634
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
1979 to June 1982
FY79: $30K
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this study is to determine the contribution of
acid rain to the accelerated erosion of building stone. Marble
headstones and markers placed by the Headstone Service of the
Veteran's Administration and the Headstone Service of the
National Cemetery System are being used as subjects, represent-
ing uniform materials subjected to controlled production condi-
tions and placed in a variety of climates for extended time
periods. Atmospheric pollutant levels are being correlated with
the extent of the material's decay at various locations.
A report of progress on the investigation is presented in an
annual report.
204
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Baer, N. S. Statement at Hearing Before the Select Committee
Small Business and the Committee on Environment and Public
Works, United States Senate, Ninety-Sixth Congress, Second
Session, on Economic Impact of Acid Rain, September 23, 1980
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC, 1980,
pp. 184-192.
MILESTONES:
1. Annual report. (June 1981)
205
-------
CODE: G-3
PROJECT
TITLE:
Effects of Acid Deposition on Corrosion
of Structural Materials
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
David
(301)
R. Flinn
436-7526
Avondale Research Center
Bureau of Mines
U.S. Department of Interior
400 Lasalle Road
Avondale, MD 20782
Stephen 0. Wilson
Office of Exploratory Research (RD-675)
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-9454
1981 (continuing)
FUNDING:
FY81: $35K*
*Co-funded with Bureau of Mines
ABSTRACT:
This project is designed for the assessment of the effects of
acid deposition on the corrosion of metals commonly used in
structures. Five metals (1020 carbon steel, Cor-Ten A steel,
high-grade galvanizing zinc, electrolytic 110 alloy tough patch
copper, and 3003-H14 aluminum) are being exposed to various
levels of atmospheric pollution and acid deposition. The air
quality, acidic deposition, and tlme-of-wetness are measured
continuously during testing performed at Chester, N.J., and
Research Triangle Park, N.C.
A comprehensive bibliography has been compiled for distribution
through NTIS. This project is planned for a duration of at
least three years, and it involves the designation of further
test sites.
206
-------
MILESTONES:
1. Installation of metal samples at Chester, New Jersey, and
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, sites. (October
1981)
2. Design for future research and subsequent sampling
protocols. (November 1981)
3. Designation of at least one more test site in an urban
environment. (May 1982)
4. First phase report. (July 1982)
207
-------
CODE: G-4
PROJECT
TITLE:
Symposium on the Conservation of Stone
Monuments
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR;
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Frederick Kringold
(202) 655-4000
National Science Foundation
1800 G Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20009
Fred Haynie
Environmental Sciences Research Laboratory
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919) 629-2535
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
1981
FY81: $13.5K
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this symposium was to stimulate research by
scientists from diverse fields of expertise in cultural preserva-
t ion.
A two and a half day symposium on the role of science in cultural
preservation was held in February 1981. Keynote speakers were
used to set the tone for general discussion. Fields covered
were (1) geology, (2) surface chemistry of stone, (3) polymers,
and (4) non-destructive testing. This project was part of the
U.S. contribution to the NATO/CCMS study of preservation of
historic and artistic stone monuments.
Proceedings of the conference are projected to be published in
late 1981.
MILESTONES:
1. NAS Conference, February 2-4, on Conservation of Historic
Stone Buildings and Monuments. NAS will publish a proceedings.
(Spring 1982)
208
-------
SECTION H: CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES
209
-------
PERTINENT PROJECTS LISTED IN OTHER CATEGORIES
1-8 Acid Rain Mitigation Strategic (ARMS) Analysis
210
-------
SECTION I: ASSESSMENTS AND POLICY ANALYSES
211
-------
CODE: 1-1
PROJECT
TITLE:
Support Services for Publication of the
National Acid Precipitation Assessment
Plan
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Harry Dennis
(223) 479-2000
Raven Systems and Research, Inc.
500 E. Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20009
Stephen 0. Wilson
Office of Exploratory Research (RD-675)
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-9454
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
1981 - March 1982
FY81: $10.5K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project was to provide support for the final
publication of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Plan
as prepared by The Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipitation.
PUBLICATIONS:
The Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipitation, National Acid
Precipitation Assessment Plan, U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency, Washington, DC, March 1982.
MILESTONES:
1. Publish National Acid Precipitation Assessment Plan.
(March 1982)
212
-------
r\x u/ u ±~ ^ i
CODE: 1-2
PROJECT
TITLE:
Budget of Man-Made Sulfur, Nitrogen, and
Hydrogen Ions Over the Eastern United States
and Southeastern Canada Airshed
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
Rudi B. Husar
(314) 889-6047
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION;
Department
Washington
St. Louis,
of Mechanical
University
MO 63130
Engineering
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Lowell Smith, Director
Program Integration and Policy Staff (RD-681)
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-2574
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
1979 to March 1982
FUNDING:
FY7 9
FY8 0
FY81
$100K
$105K
$25K
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this project is to summarize existing scientific
knowledge and to identify information gaps which limit the
ability to determine a regional environmental budget of man-made
sulfur, nitrogen, and hydrogen ions released or formed within
the northeastern U.S. and the adjacent vicinity of Canada. The
budget establishes the amount, chemical composition, and residence
times of these components in the atmosphere, in the ground, and
in aquatic ecosystems. The species concentrations are compared
to unperturbed values. A report including a characterization of
the acidity of these compounds was issued in late Spring 1981.
MILESTONES:
1. Interim report. (January 1981)
2. Final report. (May 1981)
213
-------
PUBLICATIONS:
Clarke, J., et al. "Assessment of Model Simulation of Long
Distance Transport," Proceedings of the AAAS Annual Meeting
(Washington, DC, January 4-7, 1982), 1982,.
Husar, R. P., D. E. Patterson, and J. M. Holloway. "Long Range
Transport of Sulfate to and From the Ohio River Valley Study
Area," Report submitted to the National Commission on Air
Quality, Dec. 1980.
Husar, R. P. and D. E. Patterson. "Synoptic Scale Distribution of
Man-Made Aerosols," Proceedings of the W.M.O. Symposium on
Long Range Transport of Pollutants (Sondia Bulgaria, Oct. 1-5,
1979), 1979.
Patterson, D. E., and R. P. Husar. "Direct Simulation of
Hemispheric Transport of Pollutants," Atmospheric Environment,
V. 15, 1981, pp. 1479-1482.
Patterson, D. E. , R. P. Husar, and C. Hakkannen. "Monte Carlo
Simulation of Daily Sulfate Distribution in the Eastern U.S.:
Comparison with SURE Data and Visibility Observations,"
Proceedings of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Life
Science Symposium on Potential Effects of Atmospheric Sulfur
Deposition (Gatlinburg, TN, Oct. 14-18, 1979), 1979.
Patterson, D. E., R. P. Husar, W. E. Wilson and L. F. Smith.
"Monte Carlo Simulation of Daily Regional Sulfate Distribu-
tion: Comparison with SURE Sulfate Data and Visual Range
Observations During August 1977, Journal of Applied
Meteorology, V. 20, 1981, pp. 404-420.
214
-------
CODE: 1-3
PROJECT
TITLE:
Critical Assessment Document: The Acidic
Deposition Phenomenon and Its Ecological
Consequences
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
Rick A. Linthurst
Department of Botany
(919) 737-3520
North Carolina State University
P.O. Box 5986
Raleigh, NC 27650
Raymond G. Wilhour
Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
FTS 420-4634
(503) 757-4634
J. Michael Davis
Environmental Criteria and Assessment
Office
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
(919) 541-4162
March 1981 to March 1982
FY81: $150K
ABSTRACT:
The Acid Deposition
produced by the EPA
effort of the Federal
Critical Assessment Document is being
as the first major, comprehensive assessment
Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipita-
tion at the request of EPA's Clean Air Science Advisory Committee.
The document will be an objective, scientific assessment,
organized as a coherent evaluative summary of the state of
current scientific knowledge on each major acid deposition
issue. Approximately forty scientists and two scientist/editors
are working to produce the document. The document will be
subjected to thorough scientific peer review, first through
limited private review and then through widely advertised public
review.
215
-------
MILESTONES:
1. Preliminary Draft. (May 1982)
2. Second Draft. (August 1982)
3. Review Draft and Summary. (October 1982)
4. Federal Interagency Task Force Review. (November 1982)
5. Final Document. (March 1983)
216
-------
CODE: 1-4
PROJECT
TITLE:
Computerized Literature Base of World
Literature on Acid Rain
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Danny L. Rambo
(503) 757-4695
FTS 420-4695
Northrup Services, Inc.
Corvallis, OR 97333
Charles F. Powers
EPA Environmental Research Laboratory
Corvallis, OR 97333
(503) 757-4684
FTS 420-4684
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
1981
FY81: $6 OK
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project is to carry out a continuous survey
of world literature on acid precipitation, and establish and
maintain a computerized data base, thereby providing technical
assistance to government and non-government agencies. Periodic
and bibliographic reports generated by the study will be issued
as well as a bibliographic update, containing over 4,000 titles.
MILESTONES:
1. Bibliography Upate. (December 1981)
217
-------
CODE: 1-5
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Update of Acid Rain Research Inventory
68-03-2672
C. G. Roberts
(703) 471-6300
CENTEC Corporation
CENTEC Building
11260 Roger Bacon Drive
Reston, VA 22090
Stephen 0. Wilson
Office of Exploratory Research (RD-6751
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-9454
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
December 1981 to May 1982
FY81: $15K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project is to update the published inventory
of acid rain projects funded by the Environmental Protection
Agency to include the time period of FY79 to FY81. The inventory
is intended to serve as an aid in monitoring acid rain fund
expenditures, identifying acid rain processes under investigation,
and locating personnel capable of providing additional, detailed
information on specific projects of interest.
MILESTONES:
Completion of final draft. (May 1982)
218
-------
CODE: 1-6
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
Production of EPA Acid Precipitation
Research Plan
68-03-2672
Donald G. Sherman
(703) 471-6300
CENTEC Corporation
CENTEC Building
11260 Roger Bacon Drive
Reston, VA 22090
David A. Bennett
Office of Exploratory Research (RD-675)
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 426-9454
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
January 1981 to June 1981
FY81: $40K
ABSTRACT:
The purpose of this project was to provide a document describing
the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) acid precipitation
research plans in relation to the information needs and research
proposed by the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Plan,
prepared by the Interagency Task Force on Acid Precipitation.
The EPA's acid precipitation research program has as its goal
to develop a better understanding of the complex phenomenon of
acid precipitation and to provide assessments for further policy
cons iderations.
219
-------
CODE: 1-7
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
FUNDING:
Electric Utility Analysis Project
James
(217)
Stukel
333-8861
University of Illinois
College of Engineering
Public Policy Program
105 Observatory Building
901 South Mathews Ave.
Urbana, IL 61801
Ondich
Integration
Gregory
Program
401 M Street, S.W.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-2607
1981 to November 1982
FY81: $462K
and Policy Staff (RD-681)
ABSTRACT:
Existing models of electric utility and coal supply systems
are being updated to incorporate the most recent information
concerning current emissions, controls, and costs of control
technology. In addition, support is being provided in the
linking of emissions patterns with atmospheric transport and
deposition models to perform preliminary integrated assessments
of acid precipitation mitigation options. First, recent data
concerning coal price, quality, existing generation capacity,
1980 generation and emissions, and costs of available control
measures, will be incorporated into the models. Components of
the utility simulation model, as well as of other models will be
updated for acid precipitation analysis. Finally, the improved
models and data bases will be used to project the costs and
emissions reductions for alternate mitigation scenarios.
Resulting information will be input to the integrated assess-
ment of alternative mitigation processes. In addition, the
model and data base will be fully documented and put in a
suitable form for generating the emission and cost information
220
-------
needed for the integrated assessment of acid precipitation.
Results stemming from this capability will be presented in the
from of a final report in late 1982.
MILESTONES:
1. Operational Modeling Capability with Improved Data Bases.
(January 1982)
2. Preliminary Scenario Assessments. (July 1982)
3. Final Report. (November 1982)
221
-------
CODE: 1-8
PROJECT
TITLE:
CONTRACT
NUMBER:
Acid Rain Mitigation Strategic (ARMS)
Analysis
PRINCIPAL
INVESTIGATOR:
PERFORMING
ORGANIZATION:
PROJECT
OFFICER:
PERIOD OF
PERFORMANCE:
Andrew Van Horn
(415) 548-4100
Teknekron Research, Inc.
2118 Melvia Street
Berkeley, CA 94704
Lowell Smith
Program Integration and Policy Staff (RD-681)
401 ri Street, S.w.
Washington, DC 20460
(202) 382-2574
1981
FUNDING:
FY81: $400K
ABSTRACT:
This project involves the analysis and comparison of a variety
of control scenarios, which might reduce emissions of acid pre-
cipitation precursors from the electric utility sector within
the 31-state ARMS regions, to a base case scenario. Expected
emissions reductions and associated control costs for each
scenario were identified. Results were presented in the form
of a final report in the Spring of 1981.
MILESTONES:
1. Final Report. (April 1981)
222
-------
PERTINENT PROJECTS LISTED IN OTHER CATEGORIES
B-2 Inventory of Current SO2 Emissions
B-3 Advanced Utility Simulation Model
C-19 MAP3S/RAINE Program Direction
E-19 Assessment of the Sensitivity Index Concept for
Evaluating Resources at Risk from Atmospheric
Pollutant Deposition
E-20 Assessment and Synthesis of Research Related to
Biological Effects of Acid Deposition
E-21 Contributions to the U.S./Canac3a Aquatic Impacts
Assessments of Airborne Pollutants on Aquatic and
Related Resources: Memorandum of Intent on Trans-
boundary Air Pollution
223
-------
INDEX I
ALPHABETICALLY
BY
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
224
-------
INDEX I
(ALPHABETICALLY BY PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR)
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
ALEXANDER, Martin
ALKEZWEENY, A. J.
ANDEREN, A.
ARNOLD, Dean
ARTHUR, J. W.
BAER, Norbert S.
BAUMGARDNER, Ralph
BECKER, R.
BENKOVITZ, C. M.
PROJECT TITLE CODE PAGE
Effect of Acid Precipitation on F-l 177
Microbial Mineralization of
Nitrogen in Soil
Non-Precipitating Cloud-K>llutant C-l 12
Interaction (MAP3S/RAINE)
Coal Fired Steam Plants: Human C-6 23
and Enviraimental Exposure to
Air and Water Pollutants
Vulnerability of Lakes and Streams E-l 110
in the Middle Atlantic U.S. to
Acidification from Long Range
Transport of Air Pollution
Acid Effects on Fathead Minnows E-40 174
and Macroinvertebrates in Outdoor
Experimental Channels of the
Monticello Ecological Research
Station
Acid Rain and Material Damage G-l 202
in Stcne
Acid Rain and Material Damage G-2 204
in Building Stcne
Quality Assurance Guidelines D-l 87
and Reference Samples (MT 2)
Evaluation of Aquatic Resources E-6 117
in Wisconsin Susceptible to
Acidic Deposition
MAP3S/RAINE Central Data B-l 87
Coordination
225
-------
INDEX I
(Continued)
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
BERKOWITZ, C.
BHUMRALKAR, C.
BIESINGER, K.
BOETTCHER, F.
BREZONIK, Patrick L.
BRUCK, Robert I.
BURTON, Thomas tl.
BUSNESS, K.
An Eulenan Pollutant Transport C-2 15
ttodel (MAP3S/RAINE)
Lagrangian Ftollutant Transport C-3 17
Model (MAP3S/RAINE)
Further Application of the ENAMAP C-4 19
Model to Eastern North America
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Development of the Susceptibility E-12 126
Criteria Measurs for Assessing
Aquatic Resources at Risk from
the Deposition of Airborne
Rjllutants
Effect of Acid on Phytoplanton E-13 128
Community Structure and Litter
Processing Rates in an Experimental
Mesocosm (Monticello Ecological
Research Station)
Acid Deposition Precipitation D-10 100
Monitoring, and Synoptic Lake
Survey Sample Analysis in the
Lake States' Region (Minnesota/
Chtario, Wisconsin, and
Michigan)
Effects of Acidification cn E-2 111
Softwater Lakes in Florida
Effects of Simulated Acid F-2 178
Precipitation on Field Crops
and Fusiform Rust of
Loblolly Pine
Effects of Acidification on E-3 112
Processing of Organic Matter
in Streams
Remote and Mobile Measurement D-2 88
of Deposition and Acid
Precursors (MAP3S/RAINE)
226
-------
INDEX I
(Continued)
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
BYEALEK, T.
CARLSON, R. M.
CARMICHAEL, G.
CHESTER, G.
COOPER, Hal B. H.
COULTER, R.
COWLING, Ellis B.
CRISMAN, Thomas L.
CRONAN, Christopher S.
DANA, M. Terry
PROJECT TITLE CODE PAGE
Inventory and Documentation of E-27 153
the Susceptibility of Aquatic
Resources to Damage by Airborne
Pollutants
Inventory and Documentation of E-27 153
the Susceptibility of Aquatic
Resources to Damage by Airborne
ftDllutants
The Environmental Impact of Energy- E-4 114
Related Organic Compounds on
Aquatic Life
Develop and Field Validate System E-18 136
Models for Predicting the Short-
and Long-Term Impacts of Acid
Deposition an Aquatic and
Terrestrial Ecosystems
Sulfur Transport Eulerian Model C-5 21
(STEM) (MAP3S/RAINE)
Coal Fired Steam Plants: Human C-6 23
and Environmental Exposure to
Air and Water Pollutants
Determination of the Chemical D-3 90
Composition of Acid Precipita-
tion - EPA Region Six
Convection in the Mixed Layer C-7 26
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Research on the Effects of Acid iv
Precipitation on Aquatic and
Terrestrial Ecosystems (NCSU
Cooperative Agreement No. 806192)
Effects of Acidification on E-l 110
Softwater Lakes in Florida
Effects of Acid Precipitation F-3 180
cxi Decomposition and Weathering
Processes in Terrestrial
Ecosystems
Precipitation Chemistry Network D-4 92
(MAP3S/RAINE)
227
-------
INDEX I
(Continued)
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
DAVIS, Ronald B.
DRUM, P.
DENNIS, Harry
DRAKE, R.
DRISCOLL, Charles T.
EASTER, R.
EILERS, J.
EVANS, Lance
EVANS, Gardner
FIRESTONE, Mary K.
FLINN, David R.
GATZ, Donald
Heavy Metal Exchange Between E-23 147
Sediments and Overlying Water,
and Diatom Community Response
in Lake Microcosms Subjected to
Increased H , Pb, and Zn Loading
In Cloud Chemistry Studies C-8 28
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Support Services for Publication 1-1 212
of the Federal Acid Precipitation
Comprehensive Research Plan
Modelling Gas-to-Particle C-9 30
Conversions and Particle-Particle
Interaction (MAP3S/RAINE)
Chemistry, Transport and Fate of E-5 116
Aluminum in Dilute Acidified
Lakes
A Generalized Submodel for Cloud C-10 32
and Precipitation Related Pollutant
Removal and Transformation on a
Regional Scale (MAP3S/RAINE)
Evaluation of Aquatic Resources E-6 117
in Wisconsin Susceptible to
Acidic Deposition
Effects of Acid Precipitation cn F-4 182
Terrestrial Ecosystems
Monitoring System Support to D-5 94
Acidic Rain Program (MT 1)
Effects of Acid Precipitation on F-10 190
Microbial Transformations m Soil
and Resulting Nutrient Availability
in Plants
Effects of Acid Deposition on G-3 206
Corrosion of Structural Materials
Interoomparison Field Study of D-6 95
Dry Deposition Monitors and
Measurement Methods
228
-------
INDEX I
(Continued)
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
GAVRE, J. C.
GIBSON, James H.
GLASS, G. E.
HAINES, Terry
HAKANSON, K.
HALES, J. M.
HALL, R.
HARGIS, J. R.
PROJECT TITLE
Effects of Acid Conditions on
Three Species of Pulmonate Snails
Evaluation of Sensitivity of
Selected Natural Areas in the
Rocky Mountains to Biological
Perturbation fran Atmospheric
Deposition
Impacts of Airborne Pollutants
on Wilderness and Park Areas
of Northern Minnesota
The Mobilization and Trans-
portation of Soil and Sediment
Components into Pollutants by
Acidic Deposition and Related
Factors
Effects of Acidic Precipitation
and Spring pH Change on Atlantic
Salmon
vulnerability of Lakes and Streams
in the Middle Atlantic States to
Acidification frcm Long Range
Transport of Air Pollution
Effects of Acid on Phytoplanton
Community Structure and Litter
Processing Rates in an Experimental
Mesocosm (Monticello Ecological
Research Station)
An Initialization Scheme for C-ll 33
Generating Regional Scale Wind-
fields with Terrain Influences
Experimental Field Studies to E-18 136
Evaluate the Effects of Acidifi-
cation can a Steam Ecosystem
Development of the Susceptibility E-12 126
Criteria Measures for Assessing
Aquatic Resources at Risk frcm
the Deposition of Airborne
Pollutants
CODE PAGE
E-17 135
E-7 119
E-8 120
E-9 122
E-10 124
E-ll 125
E-13 128
229
-------
INDEX I
(Continued)
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
HARRISS, D. K.
HEAGLE, Allen S.
HENDREY, George
HERMANUTZ, R. 0.
HICKS, Dr. Bruce
HIGHSMITH, V. Ross
HOLT, B.
HUSAR, Rudl B.
IRVING, Patricia
JACOBSEN, Jay S.
Effect of Acid on Phytoplanton E-13 128
Community Structure and Litter
Processing Rates in an Experimental
Plesocosm (Monticello Ecological
Research Station)
Generalization of Water Quality E-14 130
Criteria Using Chemical flodels
Effects of Simulated Acid F-2 178
Precipitation on Field Crops and
Fusiform Rust of Loblolly Pine
Effects of Acid Precipitation on F-4 182
Terrestrial Ecosystems
Impacts of Acid Precipitation on E-15 132
Aquatic Ecosystems
Acid Effects cn Fathead Minnows E-40 174
and Macroinvertebrates in Outdoor
Experimental Channels of the
Monticello Ecological Research
Station
Dry Deposition Parameterization D-7 96
Studies
Monitoring Support System to Acid D-8 97
Rain Program (MT 3)
Source Effects on Precipitation C-12 35
Chemistry (MAP3S/RAINE)
Budget of Man-flade Sulfur, 1-2 213
Nitrogen, and Hydrogen Ions Over
the Eastern United States and
Southeastern Canada Airshed
Acid Precipitation Effects cn Crops F-13 195
Effect of Changing Patterns of F-5 183
Acidic Precipitation on the Quality
and Yield of Major Agricultural
Crops of the Northeastern U.S.
230
-------
INDEX I
(Continued)
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
JOHNSON, Arthur
JOHNSON, S.
JONES, H. C.
KELLY, J. M.
KENDER, Walter
KNOERR, Dr. Kenneth
KRINGOLD, Frederick
KROGSTAD, B.
KUMAR, R.
KLEINMAN, L.
LEACH, M.
LEE, I.
Aluminum Movement in Pine Barren F-6 185
Soils
Precipitation Scavenging Studies C-35 78
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Characterization and Quantification F-7 186
of the Transfer, Fate and Effects
of SO^, NO , and Acid Precipitation
on Forest Ecosystems Representative
of the Tennessee Valley Region
Characterization and Quantification F-7 186
of the Transfer, Fate and Effects
S0x, NO , and Acid of Precipitation
cn Forelt Ecosystems Representative
of the Tennessee Valley Region
Effects of Acid Rain on Reproduction F-8 188
of Fruit Crops
Pollutant Dry Deposition Measure- D-9 99
ments in a Hardwood Forest
Symposium cn the Conservation of G-4 208
Stone Monuments
Effects of Acid Conditions cn E-16 134
Caddisflies, Stoneflies, and
Mayflies
Effects of Acid Conditions cn E-17 135
Three Species of Pulmonate Snails
Atmospheric Chemistry Studies C-13 37
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Precipitation Scavenging Studies C-35 78
Meteorological Field Analysis C-14 39
Meteorological Field Analysis C-14 39
A Simplified Model of In-Cloud C-15 41
Sulfate Aerosols (MAP3S/RAINE)
Subgrid Parameterization of C-16 43
Physical Processes of Clouds
(MAP3S/RAINE)
231
-------
INDEX I
(Continued)
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
LEE, Jeffrey
LEE, R. N.
LEVINE, S.
LIKENS, G.
LINTHURST, Rick A.
LOIJCKS, Orie L.
MAGNUSON, V. R.
MARSOLEK
McCOLL, John G.
Determination of Effects of Acid F-14 196
Rain en Agricultural Crops
Model Forest Ecosystem Study F-9 181
Simulation of In-Cloud Trans- C-17 45
formation of Atmospheric Pollutants
Regional Representation of C-18 47
Chemical Transformations
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Experimental Field Studies to E-18 136
Evaluate the Effects of Acidifi-
cation on a Stream Ecosystem
Critical Assessment Document: 1-3 215
The Acidic Deposition Phenomenon
and Its Ecological Consequences
Assessment of the Sensitivity E-19 138
Index Concept for Evaluation
Resources at Risk from
Atmospheric Pollutant Deposition
Assessment and Synthesis of E-20 140
Research Related to Biological
Effects of Adid Deposition
Contributions to the U.S./Canada E-21 143
Aquatic Impacts Assessments of
Airborne Fbllutant on Aquatic
and Related Resources: Memorandum
of Intent cn Transboundary Air
Pollution
Generalization of Water Quality E-14 130
Criteria Using Chemical Models
Acid Deposition Precipitation D-10 100
Monitoring, and Synoptic Lake
Survey Sample Analysis in the
Lake States' Region (Minnesota/
Cntario, Wisconsin, and Michigan)
Effects of Acid Precipitation on F-10 190
Microbial Transformation in Soil
and Resulting Nutrient Availability
in Plants
232
-------
INDEX I
(Continued)
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
McCORMICK, J. H.
Mcintosh, Alan w.
Mclaughlin, s. b.
MICHAEL, P.
MILLER, Joseph
MOSS, Dale
NORTON, Steven A.
NOVAKOV, T.
PATRIN06, A.
PETERS, L.
POWERS, Charles F.
Effects of Lowered pH on Fish E-22 145
Reproduction in Experimental
Streams and Laboratory Exposures
Analysis of Chemical Changes in F-ll 192
New Jersey Soils
Ecological Effects of Coal Combus- F-12 193
tion: Interaction Effects cn
Vegetation of SO2, Ozone, and
Acid Precipitation
MAP3S/RAINE Program Direction C-19 49
Structured Program Development C-20 51
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Transport and Transformation C-21 53
Experiments (MAP3S/RAINE)
Acid Precipitation Effects cn F-13 195
Crops
Determination of Effects of Acid F-14 196
Rain on Agricultural Crops
Heavy Metal Exchange Between E-23 147
Sediments and Overlying Water,
and Diatom Community Response
in Lake Microcosms Subjected to
Increased H , Pb, and Zn Loading
Formation of Acid Rain Atmospheric C-22 55
Aerosols by Heterogeneous
Processes (MAP3S/RAINE)
MAP3S/RAINE Eulerian Model C-23 57
Sulfur Transport Eulerian Model C-5 21
(STEM)
Quantify the Extent of the Problem E-24 149
of Acidification of Lakes, Streams,
and Groundwaters in the United
States
233
-------
INDEX I
(Continued)
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
PRICE, Brian
PRUPPACHER, Dr. Hans
RADONSKI, Gilbert C.
RAGO, Paul J.
RAMBO, Danny L.
RAPP, G., Jr.
RAYNOR, G. S.
REITER, Dr. Elmer
ROBERTS, C. G.
Inventory of Current SO2 Emissions B-2
Precipitation Scavenging of C-24
Pollutants
Symposium on Impact of Acid Rain E-25
Upon Fish
Effects of pH Stress and Harvesting E-20
(Simulated Predation) on Daphnia
Population Dynamics
Computerized Literature Base of 1-4
World Literature cn Acid Rain
Operate Two NADP Sites in Western D-ll
Oregon to Track Trends in Acidic
Deposition
Development of the Susceptibility E-12
Criteria Measures for Assessing
Aquatic Resources at Risk frcm
the Deposition of Airborne
Pollutants
Inventory and Documentation of the E-27
Susceptibility of Aquatic Resources
to Damage by Airborne Pollutants
Effects of Urban Sources cn C-25
Regional Deposition Chemistry
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Relationships of Within-Event C-26
Precipitation Composition
Changes to Meteorology, Trajectory,
and Concurrent Air Pollutant
Concentration (MAP3S/RAINE)
Refinement, Verification, and C-27
Application of a Long Range
Transport Model of SO^/SO^
Update of Acid Rain Research 1-5
Inventory
7
59
151
140
217
102
126
153
61
63
66
218
234
-------
INDEX I
(Continued)
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR PROJECT TITLE
ROBERTSON, Ma]. J. K.
ROUSH, T.
SCHNOOR, J. L.
SCHRECK, Carl B.
SCHREIBER, R. Kent
Precipitation Chemistry Field
Program
Examination of Fish Recruitment
and Occurrence in Low Alkalinity,
Soft Water Wisconsin Lakes
(pH 4.5-7.5)
Develop and Field Validate System
Models for Predicting the Short-
and Long-Term Impacts of Acid
Deposition on Aquatic and
Terrestrial Ecosystems
Impact of Surface Water Acidifi-
cation cn Western Salnonids
Modeling Workshop (Adaptive
Environmental Assessment) on
Acidic Precipitation and Fish
Resources
vulnerability of Non-Fish Aquatic
Organisms (Including Amphibians)
to Acidification (MAP3S/RAINE)
SCOTT, Brian Precipitation Scavenging: Field
Studies and Diagnostic Modeling
(MAP3S/RAINE)
SHANNON, J. Development of Verification
Techniques for Regional
Dispersion Models (MAP3S/RAINE)
Documentation of the Advanced
Statistical Trajectory Regional
Air Pallution (ASTRAP) Model
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Investigation of Alternate
Numerical Techniques for Solving
the Advection-Diffusion Equation
Parameterization of Plume Rise and
Subgrid Dispersion (MAP3S/RAINE)
Simple Parameterizations of Wet
Removal (MAP3S/RAINE)
CODE PAGE
C-28 67
E-28 155
E-29 157
E-30 159
E-31 160
E-32 162
C-29 68
C-30 71
C-31 72
C-32 74
C-33 76
C-34 77
235
-------
INDEX I
(Continued)
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
SHERMAN, Donald G.
SHRINER, D. S.
SICKLES, Dr. J.
SIEGEL, D. I.
SINGER, Robert
SISTERSON, D.
SPICER, C.
STAKES, N.
STEFAN, H.
STUKEL, James
TANNER, R.
TAYLOR, Floyd
Production of EPA Acid 1-6 219
Precipitation Research Plan
Ecological Effects of Coal F-12 193
Combustion: Interaction Effects cn
Vegetation of SO2, Ozone, and
Acid Precipitation
Dry Deposition of Sulfates in D-12 103
Duke Forest
The Effect of Sncwmelt on the E-33 163
Surface and Ground Water Quality
in the Filson Creek Watershed
Area, Northeastern Minnesota
Special Symposium on the Effects E-34 165
of Acid Rain cn Benthos
Precipitation Scavenging Studies C-35 78
Organic Nitrogen Compounds in C-36 80
Precipitation (MAP3S/RAINE)
Effects of Lowered pH cn Fish E-22 145
Reproduction m Experimental
Streams and Laboratory Exposures
A Study of Oxygen Prediction, Loss, E-35 167
Exchange, and Transport Rates in
the Monticello Ecological Research
Station Experimental Channels
Advanced Utility Simulation Model B-3 8
Electric Utility Analaysis Project 1-7 220
Equilibrium Effects on Precipitation C-37 82
Scavenging of Aerosols and Gases
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Effects of Acid Rain on Groundwater E-36 169
and Surface Water Supplies in New
England
236
-------
INDEX I
(Continued)
PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
THOMPSON, L.C.
van HORN, Andrew
VOLK, Bob G.
WEBER, J. W.
WESELEY, M.
WIENER, James G.
WISNEWSKI, Joe
WOLFF, S. E.
WRIGHT, Richard F.
ZISCHKE, J. A.
Inventory and Documentation of the E-27 153
Susceptibility of Aquatic Resources
to Damage by Airborne Pollutants
Acid Rain Mitigation Strategic 1-8 222
(ARMS) Analysis
Effects of Acid Precipitation cn F-15 198
Selected Soils of the Southeastern
United States
Effect of Acid on Phytoplanton E-13 128
Community Structure and Litter
Processing Rates in an Experimental
Mesocosm (Monticello Ecological
Research Station)
Dcy Deposition of Acid Aerosols D-13 104
and Precursors (MAP3S/RAINE)
Dry Deposition Parameterization D-14 107
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Effects of Acidification of E-37 171
Northern Wisconsin Lakes on
Resident Fishes
Acid Rain Impact cn Lakes and Fish E-38 172
Fbpulations
Effects of Acid Conditions cn E-16 134
Caddisflies, Stonflies, and Mayflies
Appliability of Hennksen's E-39 173
Empirical Model for Acidification
Prediction in North American Lakes
Acid Effects cn Fathead Minnows E-40 174
and Macromvertebrates in Outdoor
Experimental Channels of the
Monticello Ecological Research
Station
237
-------
INDEX II
ALPHABETICALLY
BY
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
238
-------
INDEX II
(ALPHABETICALLY BY PERFORMING ORGANIZATION)
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
American Fisheries
Society
Argonne National
Laboratory
Symposium on Impact of Acid Ram E-25 151
Upon Fish
A Simplified Model of In-Cloud C-15 41
Sulfate Aerosols (MAP3S/RAINE)
Acid Precipitation Effects on Crops F-13 195
Atmospheric Chemistry Studies C-13 37
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Convection in the Mixed Layer C-7 26
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Development of Verification C-30 71
Techniques for Regional Dispersion
Models (MAP3S/RAINE)
Documentation of the Advanced C-31 72
Statistical Trajectory Regional
Air Pollution (ASTRAP) Model
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Dry Deposition of Acid Aerosols D-13 104
and Precursors (MAP3S/RAINE)
Dry Deposition Parameterization D-14 107
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Dry Deposition Parameterization D-7 96
Studies
Investigation of Alternate C-32 74
Numerical Techniques for Solving
the Advection-Diffusion Equation
(MAP3S/RAINE)
239
-------
INDEX II
(Continued)
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
Battelle Columbus
Laboratories
Brookhaven National
Laboratory
Parameterization of Plume Rise and C-33 76
Subgrid Dispersion (MAP3S/RAINE)
Precipitation Scavenging Studies C-35 78
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Simple Parameterizations of Wet C-34 77
Removal (MAP3S/RAINE)
Source Effects on Precipitation C-12 35
Chemistry (MAP3S/RAINE)
Subgrid Parameterization of Physical C-16 43
Processes of Clouds (MAP3S/RAINE)
Organic Nitrogen Compounds in C-36 80
Precipitation (MAP3S/RAINE)
Effects of Acid Precipitation on F-4 182
Terrestrial Ecosystems
Effects of Urban Sources on Regicnal C-25 61
Deposition Chemistry (MAP3S/RAINE)
Equilibrium Effects on Precipitation C-37 82
Scavenging of Aerosols and Gases
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Impacts of Acid Precipitation cn E-15 132
Aquatic Ecosystems
In-Cloud Chemistry Studies C-8 28
(MAP3S/RAINE)
MAP3S/RAINE Central Data Coordina- B-l 4
ticn
MAP3S/RAINE Eulerian Model C-23 57
MAP3S/RAINE Program Direction C-19 49
Meteorological Field Analysis C-14 39
(MAP3S/RAINE)
240
-------
INDEX II
(Continued)
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
Bureau of Mines
Butler University
CENTEC Corporation
Relationships of Within-Event C-26 63
Precipitation Composition Changes
to Meteorology, Trajectory, and
Concurrent Air Etollutant
Concentration (MAP3S/RAINE)
Regional Representation of C-18 47
Chemical Transformations
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Structured Program Development C-20 51
Transport and Transformation C-21 53
Experiments (MAP3S/RAINE)
Effects of Acid Deposition on G-3 206
Corrosion of Structural Materials
Assessment of the Sensitivity Index E-19 138
Concept for Evaluating Resources
at Risk frcm Atmospheric Pollutant
Deposition
Assessment and Synthesis of Research E-20 140
Related to Biological Effects of
Acid Deposition
Contributions to the U.S./Canada E-21 143
Aquatic Impacts Assessments of
Airborne Pollutant on Aquatic and
Related Resources: Memorandum of
Intent on Transboundary Air
Pollution
Production of EPA Acid Precipitation 1-6 219
Research Plan
Colgate University
Update of Acid Rain Research 1-5 218
Inventory
Special Symposium on the Effects E-34 165
of Acid Rain cn Benthos
241
-------
INDEX II
(Continued)
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
Colorado State
University
Cornell University
Duke University
Evaluation of Sensitivity of E-7 119
Selected Natural Areas in the
Rocky Mountains to Biological
Perturbation from Atmospheric
Deposition
Refinement, Verification, and C-27 66
Application of a Long Range
Transport Model of SO2/SO4
Effect of Acid Precipitation on F-l 177
Microbial Mineralization of
Nitrogen m Soil
Effects of Changing Patterns of F-5 183
Acidic Precipitation on the
Quality and Yield of Major
Agricultural Crops of the
Northeastern U.S.
Experimental Field Studies to E-18 136
Evaluate the Effects of
Acidification on a Stream
Ecosystem
Rjllutant Dry Deposition Measure- D-9 99
ments in a Hardwood Forest
EPA-Ehvi ronmental
Research Laboratory
Acid Deposition Precipitation D-10 100
Monitoring, and Synoptic Lake
Survey Sample Analysis in the
Lake States1 Region (Minnesota/
Cntario, Wisconsin, and Michigan)
Determination of Effects of F-14 196
Acid Ram on Agricultural Crops
Effect of Acid on Phytopianton E-13 128
Community Structure and Litter
Processing Rates in an Experimental
Mesocosm (Monticello Ecological
Research Station)
Effects of Lowered pH on Fish E-22 145
Reproduction in Experimental
Streams and Laboratory Exposures
242
-------
INDEX II
(Continued)
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
Examination of Fish Recruitment
and Occurrence in Low Alkalinity,
Soft Water Wisconsin Lakes (pH 4.5-
7.5)
Impacts of Airborne Pollutants on
Wilderness and Park Areas of
Northern Minnesota
E-28
E-8
155
120
Model Forest Ecosystem Study
Quantify the Extent of the
Problem of Acidification of
Lakes, Streams, and Groundwaters
in the United States
F-9
E-24
189
149
The Mobilization and Transporta-
tion of Soil and Sediment Components
into Pollutants by Acidic Deposition
and Related Factors
E-9
122
Environmental Monitoring
Systems Laboratory
Illinois State Water
Survey
Lawrence Berkeley
Laboratory
Michigan State
University
MITRE Corporation
Monitoring System Support to Acid D-5 94
Rain Program (MT 1)
Monitoring Support System to Acid D-8 97
Ram Program (MT 3)
Intercomparison Field Study of
Dry Deposition Monitors and
Measurement Methods
Formation of Acid Rain Atmospheric
Aerosols by Heterogeneous Processes
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Effects of Acidification on Process-
ing of Organic Matter in Streams
Acid Rain Impact on Lakes and
Fish Populations
Inventory of Current SO2
Qru. ss 10ns
D-6
C-22
E-3
E-38
B-2
95
55
112
172
88
243
-------
INDEX II
(Continued)
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
Monticello Ecological
Research Station
E-40
174
Municipal Environmental
National Science
Foundation
Acid Effects cxi Fathead Minnows
and Macroinvertebrates in Outdoor
Experimental Channels of the
Monticello Ecological Research
Station
Effect of Acid Rain cn Groundwater E-36 169
and Surface Water Supplies in
New England
Symposium on the Conservation of G-4 208
Stone Monuments
New York State
Agricultural
Experiment Station
New York University
Effects of Acid Rain cn
Reproduction of Fruit Crops
Acid Rain and Material Damage
in Stone
F-8
G-l
188
202
North Carolina State
University
Northrup Services, Inc.
Acid Ram and Material Damage G-2 204
on Building Stone
Critical Assessment Document: The 1-3 215
Acidic Deposition Phenomenon and
Its Ecological Consequences
Effects of Simulated Acid F-2 178
Precipitation on Field Crops and
Fusiform Rust of Loblolly Pine
Research cn the Effect of Acid
Precipitation on Aquatic and
Terrestrial Ecosystems (NCSU
Cooperative Agreement No. 806192)
Computerized Literature Base of
World Literature cn Acid Rain
Operate Two NADP Sites in Western
Oregon to Track Trends in Acidic
Deposition
1-4
D-ll
IV
217
102
244
-------
INDEX II
(Continued)
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
Norwegian Institute for
Water Research
Applicability of Henriksen's
Empirical Model for Acidification
Prediction in North American Lakes
E-39
173
Oak Ridge National
laboratory
Oregon State University
Characterization and Quantification F-7 186
of the Transfer, Fate, and Effects
of S0x, NO , and Acid Precipitation
on Forest Ecosystems Representative
of the Tennessee Valley Region
Ecological Effects of Coal F-12 193
Combustion: Interaction Effects on
Vegetation of SO2, Ozone, and
Acid Precipitation
Determination of Effects of Acid F-14 196
Ram cn Agricultural Crops
Impact of Surface Water E-30 159
Acidification on Western Salmonids
Pacific Northwest
Laboratories
A Generalized Submodel for Cloud C-10 32
and Precipitation Related Pollutant
Removal and Transformation on a
Regional Scale (MAP3S/RAINE)
An Eulerian Pollutant Transport C-2 15
Model (MAP3S/RAINE)
An Initialization Scheme for Gener- C-ll 33
ating Regional Scale Windfields
with Terrain Influences (MAP3S/RAINE)
lagrangian Pollutant Transport C-3 17
Model (MAP3S/RAINE)
Modeling Gas-to-Particle Conver- C-9 30
sicns and Particle-Particle
Interaction (MAP3S/RAINE)
Non-Precipitating Cloud-R>llutant C-l 12
Interactions (MAP3S/RAINE)
Precipitation Chemistry D-4 92
Network (MAP3S/RAINE)
Precipitation Scavenging: Field C-29 68
Studies and Diagnostic Modeling
(MAP3S/RAINE)
245
-------
INDEX II
(Continued)
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
Remote and Mobile Measurement of D-2 88
Deposition and Acid Precursors
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Simultation of In-Cloud Trans- C-17 45
formation of Atmospheric
Pollutants (MAP3S/RAINE)
Raven Systems and
Research, Inc.
Support Services for Publication
of the National Acid Precipitation
Assessment Plan
1-1
212
Research Triangle
Institute
Dry Deposition of Sulfates in Duke
Forest
D-12
103
Rutgers, The State
University
SRI, International
Analysis of Chemical Changes in F-ll
New Jersey Soils
Further Application of the ENERAP C-4
Model to Eastern North America
192
19
I
Saint 01af College
Syracuse University
Tennessee Valley
Authority
Teknekron Research,
Inc.
Acid Effects on Fathead Minnows E-40 174
and Macroinvertebrates in Outdoor
Experimental Channels of the
Monticello Ecological Research
Station
Chemistry, Transport and Fate of E-5 116
Aluminum in Dilute Acidified Lakes
Characterization and Quantification F-7 186
of the Transfer, Fate, and Effects
of SO , NO , and Acid Precipitation
-------
INDEX II
(Continued)
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION PROJECT TITLE
U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency
U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service
Quality Assurance Guidelines and
Reference Samples (MT 2)
Effects of Acidic Precipitation
and Spring pH Change on Atlantic
Salmon
(Field Research
Station - La Crosse)
Effects of Acidification of
Northern Wisconsin Lakes on
Resident Fishes
Modeling Workshop (Adaptive Envi-
ronmental Assessment) on Acidic
Precipitation and Fish Resources
Vulnerability of Lakes and Streams
in the New England States to
Acidification frcm Long Range
Transport of Air Pollution
Vulnerability of Lakes and Streams
in the Mid-Atlantic U.S. to
Acidification frcm Long Range
Transport to Air Pollution
vulnerability of Non-Fish Aquatic
Organisms (Including Amphibians)
to Acidification
U.S. Forest Service
Acid Deposition Precipitation
Monitoring, and Synoptic Lake
Survey Sample Analysis in the
Lake States1 Region (Minnesota/
Ctitario, Wisconsin, and Michigan)
U.S. Military Academy
West Point
Precipitation Chemistry Field
Program
University of California Effects of Acid Precipitation on
Microbial Transformations in
Soil and Resulting Nutrient
Availability in Plants
University of Florida Effects of Acid Precipitation on
Sandhill Soils of the Southeastern
United States
CODE PAGE
D-l 87
E-10 124
E-37 171
E-31 160
E-ll 125
E-l 110
E-32 162
D-10 100
C-28 67
F-10 190
F-15 198
247
-------
INDEX II
(Continued)
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
University of Illinois
University of Icwa
University of Kentucky
University of Maine
University of Michigan
University of Minnesota
Effects of Acidification on E-2 111
Softwater Lakes in Florida
Advanced Utility Simulation Model B-3 8
Electric Utility Analysis Project 1-7 220
Develop and Field Validate System E-29 157
Models for Predicting the Short
and Long-Term Impacts of Acid
Deposition on Aquatic and
Terrestrial Ecosystems
Sulfur Transport Eulerian Model C-5 21
(STEM) (MAP3S/RAINE)
Sulfur Transport Eulerian Model C-5 21
(STEM) (MAP3S/RAINE)
Effects of Acid Precipitation F-3 180
on Decomposition and Weathering
Processes in Terrestrial Ecosystems
Heavy Metal Exchange Between E-23 147
Sediments and Overlying Water,
and Diatom Community Response in
Lake Microcosms Subjected to
Increased H , Pb, and Zn Loading
Effects of pH Stress and Harvesting E-26 152
(Simulated Predation) on Daphnia
Papulation Dynamics
A Study of Oxygen Prediction, Loss, E-35 167
Exchange, and Transport Rates in
the Monticello Ecological Research
Station Experimental Channels
Development of the Susceptibility E-12 126
Criteria Measures for Assessing
Aquatic Resources at Risk from the
Deposition of Airborne Pollutants
248
-------
INDEX II
(Continued)
PERFORMING ORGANIZATION
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
Effect of Acid on Phytoplanton
Community Structure and Litter
Processing Rates in an Experimental
flesocosm (Monticello Ecological
Research Station)
E-13
128
University of
Pennsylvania
University of
Wisconsin
Effects of Acid Conditions on E-16 134
Caddisflies, Stoneflies, and
Mayflies
Effects of Acid Conditions on E-17 135
Three Species of Pulmonate Snails
Generalization of Water Quality E-14 130
Criteria Using Chemical Models
Inventory and Documentation of the E-27 153
Susceptibility of Aquatic Resources
to Damage by Airborne Pollutants
Hie Environmental Impact of Energy- E-4 114
Related Organic Compounds on
Aquatic Life
Aluminum Movement in Pine Barren F-6 185
Soils
Coal Fired Steam Plants: Human C-6 23
and Environmental Exposure to Air
and Water Pollutants
Washington University
Budge of Man-Made Sulfur, Nitrogen,
and Hydrogen Ions Over the Eastern
United States and Southeastern
Canada Airshed
1-2
213
Wisconsin Department of
Natural Resources
Evaluation of Aquatic Resources
in Wisconsin Susceptible to Acidic
Deposition
E-6
117
249
-------
INDEX III
ALPHABETICALLY
BY
PROJECT OFFICER
250
-------
INDEX III
(ALPHABETICALLY BY PROJECT OFFICER)
PROJECT OFFICER
AKLAND, Gerald
ANDERSON, R. L.
ARTHUR, J. W.
BENNETT, David A.
BURMAN, Franz
CLARK, Terry
CL01ENTS, John
COLEMAN, John
DRUMMAND, R.
PROJECT TITLE
Monitoring System Support to Acid
Rain Program (MT 1)
Effects of Acid Conditions cn Cad-
disflies, Stoneflies, and Mayflies
Effects of Acid Conditions cn Three
Species of Pulmonate Snails
Acid Effects cn Fathead Minnows and
Macroinvertebrates in Outdoor Experi-
mental Channels of the Monticello
Ecological Research Station
Effect of Acid on Phytoplanton Com-
munity Structure and Litter Proc-
essing Rates in an Experimental
Mesooosm (Monticello Ecological
Research Station
Production of EPA Acid Precipitation
Research Plan
Determination of the Chemical
Composition of Acid Precipitation -
EPA Region Six
Further Application of the ENAMAP
Model to Eastern North America
Monitoring Support System to Acid
Ram Program (MT 3)
Inventory of Current SO2 Emissions
Effects of Lowered pH on Fish Re-
production in Experimental Streams
and Laboratory Exposures
CODE
D-5
E-16
E-17
E-40
E-13
1-6
D-3
C-4
D-8
B-2
E-22
PAGE
94
134
135
174
128
219
90
19
97
7
145
251
-------
INDEX III
(continued)
PROJECT OFFICER
DURHAM, Dr. Jack
GLASS, G. E.
PROJECT TITLE CODE PAGE
Dry Deposition Parameterization D-7 96
Studies
Intercomparison Field Study of Dry D-6 95
Deposition Monitors and Measure-
ment Methods
Acid Deposition Precipitation D-10 100
Monitoring, and Synoptic Lake
Survey Sample Analysis in the
Lake States' Region (Minnesota/
Ontario, Wisconsin, and Michigan)
Assessment of the Sensitivity In- E-19 138
dex Concept for Evaluating Re-
sources at Risk frcm Atmospheric
Pollutant Deposition
Coal Fired Steam Plants: Human C-6 23
and Environmental Exposure to
Air and Water Pollutants
Contributions to the U.S./Canada E-21 143
Aquatic Impacts Assessments of
Airborne Pollutant on Aquatic
and Related Resources: Memoran-
dum of Intent on Transboundary
Air Pollution
Develop and Field Validate System E-29 157
Models for Predicting the Short-
and Long-Term Impacts of Acid De-
position on Aquatic and Terres-
trial Ecosystems
Development of the Susceptibility E-12 126
Criteria Measures for Assessing
Aquatic Resources at Risk frcm the
Deposition of Airborne Pollutants
252
-------
INDEX III
(continued)
PROJECT OFFICER
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
GLASS, G. E. (cont'd)
Effects of Acidification of Nor-
thern Wisconsin Lakes on Resident
Fishes
E-37
171
HAYNIE, Fred
Evaluation of Aquatic Resources in E-6 117
Wisconsin Susceptible to Acidic
Deposition
Examination of Fish Recruitment E-28 155
and Occurrence in Low Alkalinity,
Soft Water Wisconsin Lakes (pH
4.5-7.5)
Generalization of Water Quality E-14 130
Criteria Using Chemical Models
Impacts of Airborne Pollutants on E-8 120
Wilderness and Park Areas of Nor-
thern Minnesota
Inventory and Documentation of the E-27 153
Susceptibility of Aquatic Resources
to Damage by Airborne Pollutants
The Mobilization and Transportation E-9 122
of Soil and Sediment Components into
Fbllutants by Acidic Deposition and
Related Factors
Acid Ram and Material Damage in G-l 202
Stone
Symposium on the Conservation of G-4 208
Stone Monuments
HOKANSON, K.E.F.
A Study of Oxygen Prediction, Loss, E-35 167
Exchange, and Transport Rates in
the Monticello Ecological Research
Station Experimental Channels
Experimental Field Studies to Evalu- E-18 136
ate the Effects of Acidification
on a Stream Ecosystem
253
-------
INDEX III
(continued)
PROJECT OFFICER
PROJECT TITLE
CODE PAGE
HOLZWORTH, George
KEITH, William
Refinement, Verification, and C-27 66
Application of a Long Range
Transport Model of S02/S04
A Generalized Submodel for Cloud C-10 32
and Precipitation Related Pollut-
ant Removal and Transformation on
a Regional Scale (MAP3S/RAINE)
A Simplified Model of In-Cloud C-15 41
Sulfate Aerosols (MAP3S/RAINE)
An Eulerian Pollutant Transport C-2 15
Model (MAP3S/RAINE)
An Initialization Scheme for
Generating Regional Scale
Windfields with Terrain
Influences (MAP3S/RAINE)
Atmospheric Chemistry Studies
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Convection in the Mixed Layer
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Development of Verification Tech-
niques for Regional Dispersion
Models (MAP3S/RAINE)
Documentation of the Advanced
Statistical Trajectory Regional
Air Pollution (ASTRAP) Model
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Dry Deposition of Acid Aerosols
and Precursors (MAP3S/RAINE)
Dry Deposition Parameterization
(MAP3S/RAINE)
C-4
19
C-13
C-7
C-30
C-31
37
26
71
72
D-13 104
D-14 107
254
-------
INDEX III
(continued)
PROJECT OFFICER PROJECT TITLE CODE PAGE
KEITH, William (cont't) Effects of Urban Sources on Re- C-25 61
gional Deposition Chemistry
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Equilibrium Effects on Precipi- C-37 82
tation Scavenging of Aerosols and
Gases (MAP3S/RAINE)
In Cloud Chemistry Studies C-8 28
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Investigation of Alternate C-32 74
Numerical Techniques for Solving
the Advection-Diffusion Equation
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Formation of Acid Ram Atmospheric C-22 55
Aerosols by Heterogeneous Processes
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Lagrangian Pollutant Transport C-3 17
Model (MAP3S/RAINE)
MAP3S/RAINE Central Data Coordi- B-l 4
nation
MAP3S/RAINE Eulerian Model C-23 57
MAP3S/RAINE Program Direction C-19 49
Meteorological Field Analysis C-14 39
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Modelling Gas-to-Particle Conver- C-9 30
sions and Particle-Particle Inter-
action (MAP3S/RAINE)
Non-Precipitating Cloud-Ftollutant C-l 12
Interactions (MAP3S/RAINE)
Organic Nitrogen Compounds In Pre- C-36 80
cipitation (MAP3S/RAINE)
255
-------
INDEX III
(continued)
PROJECT OFFICER PROJECT TITLE CODE PAGE
KEITH, William (cont't) Parameterization of Plume Rise and C-33 76
Subgrid Dispersion (MAP3S/RAINE)
Precipitation Chemistry Network D-4 92
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Precipitation Scavenging: Field C-29 68
Studies and Diagnostic Modeling
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Precipitation Scavenging Studies C-35 78
(HAP3S/RAINE)
Regional Representation of Chemical C-18 47
Transformations (MAP3S/RAINE)
Relationships of Within-Event Pre- C-26 63
cipitation Composition Changes to
Meteorology, Trajectory, and Con-
current Air Ft>llutant Concentration
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Remote and Mobile Measurement of D-2 88
Deposition and Acid Precursors
Simulation of In-Cloud Trans- C-17 45
formation of Atmospheric
Ebllutants (MAP3S/RAINE)
Simple Parameterizations of Wet C-34 77
Removal (MAP3S/RAINE)
Source Effects on Precipitation C-12 35
Chemistry (MAP3S/RAINE)
Structured Program Development C-20 51
(MAP3S/RAINE)
Subgrid Parameterization of C-16 43
Physical Processes of Clouds
(MAP3S/RAINE)
256
-------
INDEX III
(continued)
PROJECT OFFICER
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
KEITH, William (cont't)
IACKEY, Robert T.
Sulfur Transport Eulerian Model C-5 21
(STEM) (MAP3S/RAINE)
Transport and Transformation C-21 53
Experiments (riAP3S/RAlNE)
Effects of Acidic Precipitation E-10 124
and Spring pH Change on Atlantic
Salmon
Effects of Acidification on Proc-
essing of Organic flatter in
Streams
E-3
112
Effects of Acidification on Soft- E-2 111
water Lakes in Florida
Effects of pH Stress and Harvest- E-26 152
ing (Simulated Predation) on Daph-
nia Population Dynamics
Heavy Metal Exchange Between Sedi- E-23 147
ments and Overlying Water, and Dia-
tom Community Response m Lake
Macrocosms Subjected to Increased
H , Pb, and Zn Loading
Impact of Surface Water Acidifica- E-30 159
tion on Western Salmonids
Modeling Workshop (Adaptive Environ- E-31 160
mental Assessment) on Acidic Preci-
pitation and Fish Resources
Special Symposium on the Effects of E-34 165
Acid Raid on Benthos
Vulnerability of Non-Fish Aquatic E-32 162
Organisms (Including Amphibians)
to Acidification
257
-------
INDEX III
(continued)
PROJECT OFFICER
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
LEE, Jeffrey
LOGSDEN, Gary S.
LUKEN, Ralph
ONDICH, Gregory
POWERS, Charles F.
Effects of Acid Rain on Reproduction F-8 188
of Fruit Crops
Effects of Changing Patterns of F-5 183
Acidic Precipitation on the Quality
and Yield of flajor Agricultural
Crops of the Northeastern U.S.
Effects of Simulated Acid Pre- F-2 178
cipitation cxi Field Crops and
Fusiform Rust of Loblolly Pine
Model Forest Ecosystem Study F-9 189
Effect of Acid Rain on Groundwater E-36 169
and Surface Water Supplies in New
Ehgland
Acid Ram Impact on Lakes and Fish E-38 172
Itopulations
Electric Utility Analysis Project 1-7 220
Applicability of Henriksen's Em- E-39 173
pirical Model for Acidification
Prediction in North American Lakes
Chemistry, Transport and Fate of E-5 116
Aluminum in Dilute Acidified Lakes
Computerized Literature Base of 1-4 217
World Literature cn Acid Rain
Evaluation of Sensitivity of Se- E-7 119
lected Natural Areas in the Rocky
Mountains to Biological Perturba-
tion from Atmospheric Deposition
Impacts of Acid Precipitation on E-15 132
Aquatic Ecosystems
258
-------
INDEX III
(continued)
PROJECT OFFICER
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
POWERS, Charles F.
Operate Two NADP Sites in Western D-ll 102
Oregon to Track Trends in Acidic
Deposition
Quantify the Extent of the Problem E-24 149
of Acidification of Lakes, Streams,
and Groundwaters in the United
States
Vulnerability of Lakes and Streams E-l 110
m the Middle Atlantic U.S. to
Acidification from Long Range
Transport of Air Pollution
Vulnerability of Lakes and Streams E-ll 125
in the New England States to Acidi-
fication from Long Range Transport
of Air Pollution
PUZAK, J. C.
SCHWENGEI5, Paul
SMITH, Lowell
Quality Assurance Guidelines and D-l 87
Reference Samples (MT 2)
Advanced Utility Simulation Model B-3 8
Acid Raid Mitigation Strategic 1-8 222
(ARMS) Analysis
Budget of Man-Made Sulfur, Nitro- 1-2 213
gen, and Hydrogen Ions Over the
Eastern United States and South-
eastern Canada Airshed
SPILLER, Lester
Dry Deposition of Sulfates in
Duke Forest
D-12
103
Pollutant Dry Deposition Measure-
ments in a Hardwood Forest
D-9
99
TEASLEY, J. I.
The Environmental Impact of Energy-
Related Organic Compounds on
Aquatic Life
E-4
114
259
-------
INDEX III
(continued)
PROJECT OFFICER
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
WEBER, David E.
WILHOUR, Raymond G.
Characterization and Quantification F-7 186
of the Transfer, Fate, and Effects
of SO^, NO , and Acid Precipitation
on Forest Ecosystems Representative
of the Tennessee Valley Region
Acid Precipitation Effects on Crops F-13 195
Acid Ram and Ilatenal Damage on G-2 204
Building Stone
Aluminum Movement in Pine Barren F-6 185
Soils
Assessment and Synthesis of Research E-20 140
Related to Biological Effects of
Acid Deposition
Critical Assessment Document: The 1-3 215
Acidic Deposition Phenomenon and
Its Ecological Consequences
Determination of Effects of Acid F-14 196
Rain on Agricultural Crops
Ecological Effects of Coal Com- F-12 193
bustion: Interaction Effects on
Vegetation of SO2, Ozone, and
Acid Precipitation
Effects of Acid Precipitation on F-3 180
Decomposition and Weathering
Processes m Terrestrial Ecosystems
Effect of Acid Precipitation on F-l 177
Microbial Mineralization of Nitro-
gen in Soil
Effects of Acid Precipitation on
Microbial Transformations in Soil
and Resulting Nutrient Availability
in Plants
F-10
190
260
-------
INDEX III
(continued)
PROJECT OFFICER
PROJECT TITLE
CODE
PAGE
WILHOUR, Raymond G.
Effects of Acid Precipitation on F-4 182
Terrestrial Ecosystems
Effects of Acid Precipitation on F-15 198
Selected Soils of the Southeastern
United States
WILSON, Steven 0.
VIEBROCK, Herbert
Research cn the Effect of Acid Pre- iv
cipitation cn Aquatic and Terrestrial
Ecosystems (NCSU Cooperative Agree-
ment No. 806192)
Analysis of Chemical Changes in New F-ll 192
Jersey Soils
Effects of Acid Deposition on Cor- G-3 206
rosicn of Structural Materials
Support Services for Publication of 1-1 212
the Federal Acid Precipitation
Comprehensive Research Plan
Symposium on Impact of Acid Rain E-25 151
Upon Fish
Update of Acid Ram Research 1-5 218
Inventory
Precipitation Chemistry Field C-28 67
Program
Precipitation Scavenging of C-24 59
Pollutants
261
------- |