ENERGY STAR
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
ENERGY STAR® and Other Voluntary Programs
2004 Annual Report
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INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
ENERGY STAR® AND OTHER VOLUNTARY PROGRAMS
2004 ANNUAL REPORT
CONTENTS
Letter from the Administrator 1
Executive Summary 2
Introduction 7
ENERGY STAR Program 10
Climate Leaders Program 27
Clean Energy Programs 28
Combined Heat and Power Partnership 28
Green Power Partnership 29
State and Local Partnership Programs 31
Methane Programs 33
Landfill Methane Outreach 34
Natural Gas STAR 37
Coalbed Methane Outreach 40
Agriculture-Based Programs 42
High Global Warming Potential Gas Programs 43
International Climate Protection Award Winners 48
Benefits of Voluntary Programs 49
Companies and Organizations Mentioned in This Report ... 50
References 53
List of Figures and Tables 54
For additional information, please visit our Web sites at www.epa.gov/cppd
and www.energystar.gov or call the toll-free ENERGY STAR Hotline at
1-888-STAR-YES (1-888-782-7937).
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LETTER FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR
September 2005
I am pleased to present this report on the accomplishments of ENERGY STAR and other
voluntary programs at EPA. These exemplary results would not be possible without the
commitment that our partners, many of whom are highlighted in this report, have toward
protecting the climate and ensuring a cleaner, healthier environment for all Americans.
The programs described in this report help Americans use energy more efficiently and save
money on their energy bills. At a time when energy costs are at an all time high, these
programs offer real solutions to people worried about heating and cooling their homes
or running their businesses.
These partnership efforts are helping the United States to meet the President's goal of an
18 percent reduction in greenhouse gas intensity by 2012 through a broad set of strategies.
Our partners are demonstrating that Americans will invest in energy efficiency when they
have the right information on cost-effective choices for their homes and businesses. With our
partners' help, ENERGY STAR continues to grow and encourage greater investment in energy
efficiency. In 2004, Americans saved around $10 billion on their energy bills while preventing
greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to those from 20 million vehicles.
Our ENERGY STAR and other voluntary program partners are increasing their investment
in clean energy supply such as renewable energy and combined heat and power. EPA's Green
Power Partnership now has 550 partners committed to purchasing more than 2 million
megawatt hours of green power. In 2004 alone, over 300 new organizations joined the
partnership, more than doubling the total number of Green Power partners.
The Climate Leaders program has welcomed a total of more than 60 leading companies of
which more than 25 have publicly announced goals for aggressively reducing their greenhouse
gas emissions.
EPA's partners have already significantly reduced emissions of methane and other powerful
greenhouse gases. Methane emissions, in particular, are now 5 percent below 1990 levels and
expected to remain below 1990 levels through 2020.
Year after year, these partners build on their environmental commitments. The past year was
truly inspiring, and we commend our partners for volunteering to lead, innovate, and protect
the environment for this and future generations.
I know from personal experience how easy it is to make ENERGY STAR part of your life at
home. Each of us can make a difference in protecting our environment; when we all work
together we can truly change the world.
Sincerely,
Stephen L. Johnson
Administrator
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
For more than a decade, the United States has made significant progress in reducing greenhouse
gas emissions that contribute to global climate change. The comprehensive national climate
change strategy implemented under President Bush continues to make progress in both the near
and longer term by building on U.S. strengths in innovation and technology development. EPA's
voluntary partnership programs are key elements of the near-term strategy that address market
barriers, accelerate the adoption of proven technologies and practices, and deliver substantial
emissions reductions.
A large and diverse set of partner organizations continues to avoid emissions of greenhouse gases
and make significant progress toward meeting the Presidents goal for 2012. The year 2004 was
another remarkable one for these efforts as demonstrated by the environmental and economic
accomplishments presented in this annual report.
Figure ES-1.
Greenhouse gas emissions avoided
compared to program goals
57
I I
rlllllll
'95 '96 '97 '98 '99 '00
YEAR
'01 '02 '03 '04
I TARGET • ACTUAL
NOTE: Historical totals updated based on most recent data
available.
Source: EPA Climate Protection -i Division
HIGHLIGHTS OF 2004
• Americans, with the help of ENERGY STAR, prevented the
greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to those from 20 million
vehicles and saved around $10 billion on their energy bills.
• Since 2000, utility bill and greenhouse gas savings have doubled with
the help of ENERGY STAR. Annual emissions reductions are on
track to more than double again in 10 years from 20 to 40 million
vehicle equivalents.
• The domestic methane programs exceeded their emissions reduction
goals in 2004 and kept national methane emissions to well
below 1990 levels.
• Renewable energy purchases grew to more than 2 billion kilowatt hours
(kWh) among major companies, universities, government agencies,
and other organizations as a strategy for demonstrating environmental
leadership.
• The Administrations corporate leadership program, Climate Leaders,
grew to 66 companies from many different industries, and about one-
third of the companies completed sufficient work to announce
aggressive greenhouse gas reduction targets for the future.
• Energy savings were about 125 billion kWh, or about 4 percent of the
total 2004 U.S. electricity demand.
Additional environmental and economic achievements of EPA's climate
partnerships as of 2004 are summarized on the next page.
These partnership efforts are helping the United States to meet the
President's goal of an 18 percent reduction in greenhouse gas
intensity by 2012 through a broad set of strategies. Our partners are
demonstrating that Americans will invest in energy efficiency when
they have the right information on cost-effective choices for their
homes and businesses."
—Stephen L. Johnson, Administrator,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
• The partnerships prevented 57 million metric tons
(in MMTCE ) of greenhouse gas emissions in 2004,
equivalent to the annual emissions from 38 million vehicles
(see Figure ES-1).
• 50 MMTCE per year will be avoided during the next
decade due to investments and actions already taken by
partners in EPA's voluntary climate programs.
ECONOMIC BENEFITS
• Consumers and businesses have locked in investments in
energy-efficient technologies exceeding $20 billion.
* Net of their investment in energy-efficient technologies,
consumers and businesses are saving $ 115 billion
cumulatively over the next 10 years; they saved about
$10 billion in 2004 alone.
PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS
Every federal dollar spent on these partnership programs
through 2004 means:
• Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions of 1.0 metric ton of
carbon equivalent (3.7 tons of carbon dioxide (C02).
• Savings for partners and consumers of more than $75 on
their energy bills.
• The creation of more than $ 15 in private sector investment.
• The addition of more than $60 into the economy.
The environmental and economic benefits for key EPA
partnership program areas—ENERGY STAR, Clean Energy
Programs, Methane Programs, and the High Global Warming
Potential (GWP) Gas Programs—are summarized in
Table ES-1.
Table ES-1.
Summary of the benefits for 2004 and cumulative benefits through 2014 from the actions taken by partners
through 2004 (in billions of 2004 dollars)
Program
ENERGY STAR
Qualified Products
Buildings
Industry
Clean Energy Programs
Methane Programs
High GWP Gas Programs
TOTAL
BENEFITS FOR 2004
Net
Savings
$5.1
$4.2
$0.3
$9.7
MMTCE
13.0
13.2
4.1
1.7
12.9
11.7
56.6
CUMULATIVE BENEFITS 1993-2014
NPV of
NPV of Technology NPV of Net
Bill Savings Expenditures Savings
$66.4 $4.6 $59.8
$63.5 $12.6 $50.9
$8.7 $4.5 $4.2
$136.7 $21.7 $115
MMTCE
161
170
69
19
191
181
791
NPV: Net Present Value
NOTES: Technology Expenditures include O&M expenses for Methane Programs.
Bill Savings and Net Savings include revenue from sales of methane and electricity.
ENERGY STAR qualified homes are included in the Qualified Products totals.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
For details on cumulative benefits, see page 49.
: Not applicable
na: Not available
1 This report provides results for the climate protection partnership programs operated by the Office of Atmospheric Programs at EPA. It does not include
emissions reductions attributable to WasteWise, transportation programs, the Significant New Alternatives Program, or the landfill rule, which are the
remaining actions in EPA's comprehensive climate program. EPA estimates the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions across the entire set of climate
programs to be more than 80 MMTCE in 2004.
- Reductions in annual greenhouse gas emissions for EPA's climate programs, including non-C02 gases, are based on "carbon equivalents," which are
determined by weighting the reductions in emissions of a gas by its global warming potential for a WO-year time period.
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Figure ES-2.
Annual savings in
energy use as a
result of EPA's partnership programs
12
110
9
/
_ 62
o
i 4
o
i J
, I
1*111
•95 '96 '97 '98 '9
YEAR
i
a
5
6
9 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04
NOTE: Historical totals updated based on most
recent data available.
;•:,-.
KEY ACCOMPLISHMENTS FOR 2004
ENERGY STAR
• Americans, with the help of ENERGY STAR, saved a significant amount of
energy in 2004—126 billion kWh and 25 gigawatts (GW) of peak power, the
amount of peak energy required for about 25 million homes (see Figure ES-2).
They also prevented the greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to those from
20 million vehicles and saved around $10 billion on their energy bills
(see Figure ES-3).
• Since 2000, awareness of the government's ENERGY STAR label has
grown from 40 percent to more than 60 percent nationwide. In addition,
30 percent of U.S. households knowingly purchased an ENERGY STAR
qualified product, and many say they would recommend ENERGY STAR
to others.
• The ENERGY STAR label can be found on more than 40 different types of
products. Participation has grown to over 1,400 manufacturers who use the
ENERGY STAR across a total of 32,000 individual product models. In 2004,
EPA introduced new specifications for air cleaners and vending machines and
updated specifications for computer monitors.
• In the residential sector, over 360,000 ENERGY STAR qualified homes have
been constructed by more than 2,500 builders to date, locking in savings of
$200 million annually for homeowners.
• More than 11,000 homes have been improved through a new home retrofit
program, Home Performance with ENERGY STAR. Home Performance with
ENERGY STAR is growing as states and utilities look for additional
opportunities to achieve energy savings and reduce peak loads.
• In the commercial sector, about 21,000 buildings representing more than
3.5 billion square feet (or 12 percent of the total eligible market) have now
been rated for energy performance, including 34% of hospitals, 22% of office
buildings, 21% of supermarkets, 13% of schools, and 9% of hotels.
• EPA also launched a new recognition effort—ENERGY STAR Leaders—to honor partners
that achieve energy efficiency improvements of 10, 20, or 30 points across their building
portfolio and recognized 18 organizations as ENERGY STAR Leaders in October 2004.
• In the industrial sector, EPA continued to convene Industry Focuses to develop key energy
management tools and improve energy efficiency in the automobile, corn refining, brewing,
cement, pharmaceutical, and petroleum industries.
Clean Energy
• The Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Partnership has grown to 145 partners since first
introduced in 2001 and facilitated 32 new CHP projects, totaling 1,260 MWe3 of new
CHP capacity.
• Since the program's launch in 2001, the number of Green Power partners has increased to
549 organizations, which have made a combined commitment to purchase more than
2 million megawatt hours (MWh) of green power annually, including 1.6 million MWh from
new renewable energy resources.
3 Measured at the generator terminals.
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
State and Local Government Programs
• EPA developed the Clean Energy-Environmental State
Partnership Program, a new voluntary initiative which
encourages state officials to develop and implement
comprehensive clean energy strategies that will lead to
public health and economic benefits.
• EPA worked with states and communities to estimate the air
quality benefits of energy efficiency and renewable energy
measures and incorporate the measures into their State
Implementation Plans (SIPs).
• EPA provided states with analytic support to help estimate
the macroeconomic impact of energy efficiency and
renewable energy policies. The states discovered that they
could achieve significant reductions in fossil fuel energy use
and emissions while promoting clean energy, creating jobs,
and saving money.
Methane and High Global Warming Potential
(GWP) Gas Programs
• The reduction of non-carbon dioxide gases—methane, PFCs,
HFCs, and SF6—totaled more than 24 MMTCE in 2004
as a result of EPAs partnership programs. These voluntary
partnerships, in conjunction with a regulatory program to
limit air emissions from the nation's largest landfills, kept
national methane emissions to well below 1990 levels, and
they are projected to remain below 1990 levels through 2012.
• Public-private industry partnerships are substantially
reducing U.S. emissions of the high GWP gases released as
byproducts of industrial operations and are expected to
maintain high GWP gas emissions substantially below 1990
levels through 2012.
Figure ES-3.
Since 2000, ENERGY STAR savings have nearly doubled
EXPECTATIONS FOR 2005 AND BEYOND
The efforts of EPA and its partners are expected to deliver a
significant portion of the emissions reductions required to
meet the nation's greenhouse gas intensity reduction goal for
2012. In the coming years, expanding programs and
partnerships with strong foundations will continue to offer
increasing benefits to businesses, organizations, and consumers
while promoting environmental stewardship (see Figure ES-4).
For 2005 and beyond, EPA plans to:
ENERGY STAR
• Add new products to the ENERGY STAR family where
significant energy savings are possible, including external
power supplies (cordless phone or cell phone chargers, for
example) and battery chargers; and update energy efficiency
specifications for more products, including televisions,
dehumidifiers, telephony, air conditioners, heat pumps, and
light fixtures.
• Continue to build consumer awareness of ENERGY STAR.
The goal is to raise awareness of the ENERGY STAR label
as a credible symbol for energy efficiency and environmental
protection to more than 70 percent over the next several years.
• Work with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE),
manufacturers, retailers, home builders and raters, utilities,
and states in broad consumer promotions of ENERGY STAR
qualified products and new homes. In 2005, EPA expects
175 million ENERGY STAR qualified products to be sold
and 170,000 new ENERGY STAR homes to be constructed.
• Increase the stringency of the specification for ENERGY
STAR qualified new homes to be fully implemented by the
end of 2006. For the first time, EPAs new home specification
includes ENERGY STAR qualified products.
• Pilot an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) specification paired with
the ENERGY STAR specification for new homes. The IAQ
specification will address moisture control,
radon, pest control, HVAC, combustion safety,
building materials, and commissioning.
9 Sfe 18
iili ill
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
„
UTILITY BILL SAVINGS
(In billions)
EMISSIONS SAVED IN
VEHICLE EQUIVALENTS (in millions)
Source: EPA Climate Protection Partnerships Division
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Figure ES-4.
Annual greenhouse gas emissions avoided can
be more than doubled by 2012
'96
YEARS 1995- 2014
NOTE: Historical totals updated based on most recent data available.
Source: EPA Clin > Division
Continue to expand Home Performance with ENERGY STAR
nationally by assisting the contractor accreditation and technician
certification program of the Building Performance Institute. EPA
expects that more than 21,000 whole house retrofits will be
completed by the end of 2005.
Launch a new ENERGY STAR Challenge-Suiting a Better World
10% at a Time to spur commercial building improvements. In
coordination with key associations and states, the Challenge calls on
U.S. businesses and institutions to reduce energy use by 10 percent or
more; and EPA recognizes organizations that improve the energy
performance of their building portfolio by 10, 20, 30 points or more
as ENERGY STAR Leaders for demonstrating superior
energy management.
Update the energy performance rating system with the latest Energy
Information Administration and state survey data and expand it to
include more building types.
• Convene Industry Focuses and develop Energy Performance Indicator tools with the pharmaceutical,
automobile manufacturing, brewing, cement, petroleum, and corn refining industries.
Climate Leaders
• Attract 20 additional business partners and add 20 companies to the list of Climate Leaders
with publicly stated corporate greenhouse gas emissions reduction goals.
Clean Energy
• Assist partners in the Combined Heat and Power Partnership (CHP) with more than
30 new CHP projects, facilitating the development of over 800 MWe of new CHP capacity.
• Engage more than 800 Green Power partners and increase green power purchasing
commitments to a total of 2.5 million MWh annually.
State and Local Government Programs
• Launch the new Clean Energy-Environment State Partnership Program, designed to help states
adopt clean energy policies and deploy programs that will reduce greenhouse gas emissions, save
energy, promote reliable and affordable electricity generation, and increase economic
development in the states.
• Help up to 15 states develop Clean Energy-Environment Action Plans.
• Release the Clean Energy and Environment Guide to Action that will help states take advantage of
the environmental and economic benefits that clean energy offers.
• Continue to provide state and local officials and their national associations with technical
assistance, tools, and outreach to promote the environmental, public health, energy, and
economic benefits of reducing energy use. Provide six or more states with hands-on assistance to
facilitate the progress of clean energy policies and programs.
Methane and High Global Warming Potential (GWP) Gas Programs
• Aggressively work with existing partner companies to expand the methane emissions reduction
projects within their companies and maintain overall methane emissions below 1990 levels.
• Continue implementing agreements to reduce greenhouse gas intensity for the aluminum,
magnesium, and semiconductor sectors as part of the Climate VISION initiative.
* Continue to support the Improved Mobile Air Conditioning (I-MAC) 30/50 project to reduce air
conditioning fuel consumption by at least 30 percent and cut refrigerant emissions by 50 percent.
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
For more than a decade, the United States has made
significant progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions
that contribute to global climate change. President Bush
announced an aggressive strategy in 2002 to reduce the
nations greenhouse gas intensity by 18 percent by 2012.
The Administration is strengthening and expanding EPA's
voluntary programs as a key strategy for achieving the
intensity reduction goal. EPA's voluntary partnership
programs address market barriers, accelerate the adoption
of proven technologies and practices, and deliver
substantial emissions reductions.
EPA's voluntary efforts advance a broad set of practices and
technologies that significantly reduce emissions of the major
greenhouse gases from key sources. The partnership programs:
• Span the major sectors of the U.S. economy, encompassing
generation and use of energy in the commercial, residential,
industrial, and transportation sectors (see Figure 5).
• Address the most potent of greenhouse gases emitted from
industrial processes and waste management.
• Engage and challenge businesses, public institutions, and
households to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions through
investments in energy efficiency, renewable energy, and other
climate friendly technologies.
• Provide objective information, technical assistance, and
recognition for environmental leadership to organizations
that are taking measurable steps to reduce their greenhouse
gas emissions.
With sustained efforts, EPA and its partners will deliver a
significant portion of the emissions reductions required to
meet the President's goal for 2012. Established programs have
already demonstrated that significant accomplishments can be
achieved with well-designed partnership programs. The year
2004 was another remarkable one for EPA's voluntary climate
programs as demonstrated by the environmental and
economic accomplishments presented in this annual report.
EPA's public-private partnerships focus on the following
opportunities to stimulate action:
Energy Efficiency. EPA has encouraged greater investment
in energy efficiency where cost effective since the early 1990s
through the ENERGY STAR program. Energy efficiency—
obtaining the identical services or output such as heating,
cooling, and lighting for less energy input—provides the
following benefits:
• Addresses the growing emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2)
from energy generation and use, which represent 85 percent
of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions (see Figure 5).
• Offers significant cost savings to businesses, public
institutions, and consumers as many households, businesses,
and public institutions can save 20 to 30 percent on their
energy bills by making cost-effective investments in energy-
efficient products and services.
• Provides a low-cost resource for improving electricity reliability.
• Helps reduce demand for natural gas and lower natural
gas prices.
The ENERGY STAR program has grown into a broad
partnership with manufacturers, retailers, home builders,
utilities, states, and others helping businesses, public
institutions, and households invest in energy efficiency.
'Our partnership with ENERGY STAR has been one of the
cornerstones of our very successful New York Energy Smart Program.
Our market transformation efforts have been successful with retailers
and consumers because of our close association with ENERGY STAR,
and its message of quality, value, and environmental protection."
—Tom Collins, Director of Communications,
New York State Energy Research and Development Authority
Greenhouse gas intensity is the ratio of greenhouse gas emissions to economic output (measured by the gross domestic product!. For more information on
the Administration's goal, see http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/02/climatechange.html.
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
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INTRODUCTION
Figure 5.
U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by sector and by gas
AGRICULTURAL
8%
INDUSTRIAL
29.6%
RESIDENTIAL
17.2%
COMMERCIAL
17.3%
• CO2 85% of TOTAL
Methane/Nitrous Oxide
O MFCs, PFCs, and SF6
13% of TOTAL
2% of TOTAL
NOTE: Totals may not add to 100% due to independent rounding.
Source: EPA GHG Inventory 2005
Clean Energy Supply. EPA is collaborating with its partners to
lower transaction costs and expand the use of technologies that
significantly reduce the greenhouse gas emissions from energy
generation. In fulfillment of the National Energy Policy, EPA is
promoting combined heat and power as well as the purchase of
renewable sources of energy so that these technologies can play
larger roles in the U.S. energy mix.
Corporate Commitments. EPA has offered leading
organizations the opportunity to be Climate Leaders since 2002.
The Climate Leaders partners take aggressive steps to reduce
their impacts on the global environment. They inventory their
greenhouse gas emissions, set aggressive long-term reduction
goals, report their progress to EPA, and receive recognition for
their achievements. Climate Leaders partners are playing an
important part in helping the country reach its greenhouse gas
intensity reduction goal of 18 percent by 2012.
State and Local Clean Energy Programs. EPA is providing
technical assistance to state agencies to help them assess the
environmental and economic benefits of clean energy policies
and programs, including those that advance energy efficiency,
combined heat and power, and renewable sources of energy.
Methane Programs. Methane is not only a potent greenhouse
gas, but is also a much sought-after clean fuel. When methane
emissions can be captured, the recovered methane represents a
valuable energy source that can be used or sold. The natural gas,
coal, and landfill gas development industries are working with EPA through partnership and
outreach programs to capture and use methane wherever cost effective.
High GWP Gas Programs. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and
sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) are potent greenhouse gases, meaning they have a greater ability to
trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere on a molecule per molecule basis relative to CO2 (see
Table 2); and some of these gases persist in the environment for thousands of years. Various
U.S. industries are working with EPA to avoid significant accumulation of long-lived chemicals
in the atmosphere. These voluntary programs accelerate the development and implementation
of low-emitting technologies and help companies use alternative chemicals where technically
feasible and cost effective.
TRANSPORTATION
27.1%
Table 2.
Global warming potentials (GWPs) and atmospheric
lifetimes of greenhouse gases
Greenhouse
Gas
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Nitrous Oxide
Hydrofluorocarbons
Perfluorocarbons
Sulfur Hexafluoride
Source: IPCC 1996
Global Warming
Potential
for 100 Years
1
21
310
140- 11,700
6,500 - 9,200
23,900
Atmospheric
Lifetime (years)
50 - 200
12 ±3
120
1.5-264
3,200 - 50,000
3,200
The results from these partnership efforts have been steady
and strong for over a decade, and 2004 was another
extraordinary year. This 2004 Annual Report provides
detailed information on each of the program areas listed
above, including program overviews, environmental and
economic benefits for 2004, and goals for the future.
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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ENERGY STAR SINCE 2000
The ENERGY STAR Program has been substantially expanded since the end of 2000. Important
program efforts include:
Adding more than 10 new
products to the ENERGY STAR
family, with more under
development.
• Air cleaners
• Ceiling fans
• Commercial coin-op washing
machines*
• Commercial cooking equipment
• Commercial solid door
refrigerators and freezers
• Refrigerated vending machines
• Set top boxes
• Small commercial heating
and cooling equipment
• Telephony (cordless phones,
answering machines)
• Ventilation fans
Updating ENERGY STAR
specifications to more efficient
levels for more than 15 products,
with more underway.
• Audio/DVD
• Ceiling fans
• Clothes washers*
• Compact fluorescent lights*
• Computer monitors
• Dishwashers*
• Exit signs
• Freezers and compact
refrigerators*
• Light commercial A/C and air
source heat pumps
• Refrigerators*
• Residential light fixtures
• Residential central air
conditioners and air source
heat pumps
• Telephony
• TV/VCRs
• Ventilation fans
• Windows*
*DOE managed products
Expanding EPA's national building
energy performance rating
system—through which buildings
can be rated on a scale of 1 to 100
and earn the ENERGY STAR for top
performance—to more than eight
new building types.
• Acute care hospitals
• Bank branches
• Courthouses
• Financial centers
• Hotels
• Medical offices
• Residence halls
• Supermarkets and grocery stores
• Warehouses
Adding commercial new
construction (Designed to Earn the
ENERGY STAR).
Expanding the ENERGY STAR
program into the industrial sector
through targeted partnerships with
the auto manufacturing, cement,
corn refining, petroleum, and
pharmaceutical industries.
ENERGY STAR KEY PROGRAM INDICATORS
Products Sold
Product Categories
Product Models
Public Awareness
Retailers
600 million
33
11,000
40%
25
1.5 billion
45
32,000
Over 60%
550
QUALIFIED
PRODUCTS
New Homes Built
Home Builders
Buildings Benchmarked
Buildings Labeled **
Building Types
COMMERCIAL
BUILDINGS
INDUSTRIAL
IMPROVEMENTS
Industry Focuses
Energy Saved (kWh)
Avoided Emissions (MMTCE)
Net Savings (2004 $s)
126 billion
30.3
$10 billion
ANNUAL RESULTS
** Results are cumulative.
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
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ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
There is large potential for cost-effective energy efficiency that is not being fully realized in
businesses and households across the United States due to the number of informational,
institutional, and practical obstacles that hinder greater investment. For example, while
businesses and homeowners may express interest in energy-efficient improvements for their
buildings or homes, they do not always know which products or services to ask for, who
supplies them in their areas, and whether the real energy savings will live up to the claims.
There may also be a lack of incentive for builders or building owners who do not usually pay
the energy bill and, therefore, may equip buildings at the lowest cost with less efficient
products.
The ENERGY STAR program seeks to overcome many of these market barriers and enable
businesses, organizations, and consumers to realize the cost savings and environmental
benefits of energy efficiency investments. The ENERGY STAR program employs the
following strategies:
• Uses the government-backed ENERGY STAR label to clearly identify the products, practices,
services, new homes, and buildings that meet government guidelines for energy efficiency—
offering lower energy bills and environmental benefits.
• Empowers decisionmakers by making them aware of the benefits of products, homes, and
buildings that qualify as ENERGY STAR, by providing easy to use assessment tools, and by
providing project guidelines for efficiency improvements.
• Works with retailers, service providers, and others in the delivery chain to offer energy-
efficient products and services.
• Partners with regional, state, and local organizations running energy efficiency programs to
take advantage of growing public awareness of ENERGY STAR and achieve greater energy
efficiency in the residential and commercial sectors with combined resources.
Introduced by EPA in 1992 for energy-efficient computers, the ENERGY STAR program has
become a broad platform for energy efficiency across the residential, commercial, and industrial
sectors. The program has grown to include:
• Efficient new homes that became eligible for the ENERGY STAR label in 1995.
• Corporate management approaches for improving the energy performance of commercial
buildings, which became a core ENERGY STAR strategy (building upon Green Lights)
starting in 1995.
• More than 40 product categories for homes and businesses.
"With ENERGY STAR, Lowe's partners with our employees and
customers to help improve the environment through reduced pollution
and decreased reliance on energy. Through our training and
educational efforts, we help make the connection between energy use
and the environment, which last year led to sales of over 5 million
ENERGY STAR qualified products—saving our customers more than
$58 million in energy costs and reducing carbon emissions equivalent
to planting nearly 116,000 acres of trees."
—Michael Chenard, Director Environmental & Government Affairs,
Lowe's Companies, Inc.
10
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
' Collaboration with DOE which assumed responsibility for
certain product categories in 1996.
1 A new national energy performance rating system for office
buildings—similar to the miles per gallon rating for
vehicles—which was introduced in 1999 and now applies to
building types such as schools, hospitals, hotels, and grocery
stores, among others.
1 Approaches for energy management and efficiency
improvements in the industrial sector since 2001, when EPA
integrated the Climate Wise program into ENERGY STAR.
' Residential home improvement services that offer solutions
beyond product purchases with the 2001 launch of
ENERGY STAR Home Sealing and the whole house home
improvement effort called Home Performance with
ENERGY STAR.
The economic and environmental benefits of ENERGY STAR
through the year 2004 are substantial. More than 1.5 billion
ENERGY STAR qualified products have been purchased,
more than 360,000 ENERGY STAR qualified new homes are
in place, and billions of square feet of building space have
been improved. Americans, with the help of ENERGY STAR,
have saved about 125 billion kilowatt hours of energy, or
about 4 percent of the total 2004 electricity demand, as
shown in Table 3. They have prevented 30 million metric tons
of greenhouse gas emissions, saved about $10 billion on their
utility bills, and helped avoid 25 GW of
peak power. These benefits have doubled
since 2000 as EPA and DOE have
continued to expand and refine the
program in important ways (see page 9).
Additional program achievements within the
residential, commercial, and industrial sectors
are presented in the following sections.
Table 3.
ENERGY STAR Program: Annual Goals and Achievements
2004
Energy Saved
(Billion kWh)
Goal Achieved
PROGRAM TOTAL FOR ENERGY STAR 99.5
Qualified Products and Homes2 —
Residential Products
Consumer Electronics3
4
D -^ t- i rttr c
• ut-
Heating and Cooling —
Commercial Products
Commercial Appliances —
r »• i i • k*-
M Ul
Commercial Building Improvements5
Industrial Improvements6
125.81
61.2
24.9
7.5
0.2
9.4
5.3
2.6
35.6
0.6
33.7
1.2
0.1
0.7
64.6
Emissions Prevented
(MMTCE)
Goal Achieved
24.8
11.9
9.5
3.4
30.3
12.8
5.6
1.5
0.0
1.9
1.1
1.1
7.2
0.1
6.8
0.2
0.0
0.2
13.2
4.1
2005
Energy Emissions
Saved Prevented
(Billion kWh) (MMTCE)
Goal Goal
116.8
27.3
13.3
10.5
3.5
The kWh savings imply peak demand savings of more than 25gigawatts (GW), based on conservation load factors developed by LBNL (Koomey et al., 1990).
Results for qualified products from Webber etal., 2005.
A small portion of consumer electronics may be used in commercial buildings such as hotels. For reporting purposes, all consumer electronics results are included under
Residential Products.
EPA results only, does not include products under the responsibility of DOE.
Results from building improvements based on methodology presented in Horowitz, 2004.
Results from industrial improvements from ICF Consulting, 2005.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
: Not applicable
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
11
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ENERGY STAR PSA SHOWS HOW TO PROTECT
THE ENVIRONMENT RIGHT FROM HOME
EPA launched a new public service announcement (PSA)
campaign in May 2004 encouraging the public to look for the
ENERGY STAR to help prevent the air emissions created when
electricity is generated for home use. The campaign uses humor
to make the point that the energy used in a home may cause
twice the greenhouse gas emissions of a vehicle.
The TV PSA shows the value and ease of looking for the
ENERGY STAR to find qualified products and get home
improvement tips, which will reduce the amount of energy
needed for a home. The comprehensive campaign, which
includes TV, radio, and print PSAs in English and Spanish,
encourages consumers to visit www.energystar.gov to discover
five steps to protect the environment right from home. If every
household followed just one of these steps—replacing their five
most frequently used lights with ENERGY STAR qualified
ones—that would prevent more than one trillion pounds of
greenhouse gas emissions.
EPA ENCOURAGES HOMEOWNERS TO TAKE THESE FIVE STEPS TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT:
1. Change five lights
Replace the five most frequently used lights, or the
bulbs in them, with ones that have earned the
ENERGY STAR to save energy and prevent emissions.
2. Look for products that have earned the
ENERGY STAR
When shopping for lighting, home electronics, heating
and cooling equipment, and appliances, choose
ENERGY STAR qualified products.
3. Heat and cool smartly
Improve the home's performance by servicing
equipment annually, using programmable
thermostats, and replacing old equipment with
ENERGY STAR models.
4. Seal up the house
Seal air leaks around drafty windows and doors, add
insulation to attics, and buy ENERGY STAR windows
when replacing older ones to improve comfort in your
home and save energy.
5. Tell family and friends
Help spread the word that energy efficiency is
important—it benefits your home, lowers your utility
bills, and makes a difference in your environment.
Energy savings from ENERGY STAR qualified products
and homes add up to cleaner air and lower energy bills
for American consumers. And, as the ENERGY STAR PSA
campaign points out, saving energy every day right from
home is an easy step for anyone to take.
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
-------
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
ENERGY STAR in the Residential Sector
Homes continue to provide a sizeable opportunity for protecting
the environment through energy efficiency. The energy used in a
typical home can cause twice as many greenhouse gas emissions
as operating a vehicle for one year. That energy costs about
$1,500 per year. By looking to ENERGY STAR for greater
efficiency, households are saving up to $450 annually on utility
bills and significantly reducing their emissions of greenhouse
gases. Whether buying a product for the home, making home
improvements, or buying a new home, consumers can rely on
ENERGY STAR to guide their investment decisions, save them
money, and contribute to a better environment. Residential
sector highlights for 2004 include:
More ENERGY STAR qualifying products. More ENERGY
STAR qualified products joined the family this past year as
EPA introduced new ENERGY STAR specifications for air
cleaners (in addition to products in the commercial sector),
and completed the work necessary to qualify external power
supplies for the ENERGY STAR, which will be announced in
early 2005. In addition, EPA undertook efforts to update
energy efficiency specifications for products in cases where
technology had advanced and updates were necessary to
maintain the value of ENERGY STAR. EPA updated the
specification for computer monitors; and, for the first time,
it addresses energy consumption while monitors are in use,
as well as when they are idle. By the end of 2004, Americans
could choose energy-saving products from more than
40 categories to use in their homes. These products offer
consumers savings of between 10 and 90 percent relative to
standard models and up to 30 percent savings in total on their
energy bills. More than 1,400 manufacturers are using the
label on more than 32,000 qualifying product models.
CHANGE FORTHE
BETTER WITH
ENERGY STAR
NEW YORK STATE ENERGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
AUTHORITY
Albany, New York
PARTNER OF THE YEAR 2004
The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) has
achieved tremendous success leveraging the ENERGY STAR platform across many
program areas, demonstrating an organization-wide commitment. As a result, EPA recognized NYSERDA as the winner of the
Corporate Commitment award in 2004, making it only the fourth organization and the first public entity to earn the award. Since
the program's inception in 1999, the market share of ENERGY STAR qualifying appliances, room air conditioners, and lighting
fixtures has risen by more than 100 percent. NYSERDA also leads the nation in the market for home improvement through
Home Performance with ENERGY STAR, which encourages homeowners and contractors to identify and implement a complete
set of cost-effective improvements when retrofitting homes. The program has helped create more than 6,400 jobs and saved
homeowners $3.5 million in 2004. NYSERDAs ENERGY STAR labeled homes program, launched in 2001, helped promote the
construction of 2,500 ENERGY STAR labeled homes statewide in 2004, more than doubling the program total in one year
alone. NYSERDA is helping state agencies use EPA's energy performance rating to identify good candidates for building
improvements. Already, more than 25 percent of state buildings are tapping into ENERGY STAR. Across New York, NYSERDA is
assisting public school districts by using ENERGY STAR to elevate energy priorities, develop effective school improvement
plans, and attain ENERGY STAR Leader designations based on their savings, (for a complete list of ENERGY STAR Award
Winners for 2004, see page 26.)
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
13
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ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
"Our ongoing
relationship with
ENERGY STAR has
been a most
rewarding journey.
We, at Ence Homes,
can attribute a
great amount of
our success to the
ENERGY STAR
program. Our
mission statement
reflects our sincere
commitment:
Providing Prompt,
Courteous
Customer Service
While Building
Quality, Innovative
and Energy Efficient
Homes."
—Kim Ence, President,
Ence Homes
Growing awareness. The ENERGY STAR label is now recognized by more than 60 percent
of the American public, up from 40 percent in 2001. In addition, consumers increasingly trust
ENERGY STAR when making purchasing decisions. A majority of consumers report that the
label influenced their purchasing decisions, and more than 70 percent of those who purchased an
ENERGY STAR product would recommend ENERGY STAR to a friend (GEE Household,
2005). The ENERGY STAR label ranks among the highest level of influence on product
purchases among all consumer emblems, similar in ranking to the Good Housekeeping Seal
and Consumer Reports (Fairfield Research, 2003). Some of the growth in awareness is the
result of a series of national public awareness campaigns developed by EPA. The most recent
campaign launched in the summer of 2004 (see page 12) offers practical advice to consumers
on what they can do to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The campaign has garnered more
than $5.5 million in equivalent ad value through print, radio, and television placements
through the end of 2004 and continues to run.
Nearly 10 percent of the nation's new homes earned the ENERGY STAR. Homes that
earn the ENERGY STAR provide comfort, value, and savings to homeowners and increased
profits to home builders, while protecting the environment. In 2004, nearly 10 percent of the
nation's housing starts were ENERGY STAR qualified homes, and by the end of the year,
more than 360,000 homes had earned the ENERGY STAR, saving Americans more than
$200 million in energy costs annually. Recent growth in the number of qualified new homes
has been exceptional, with a doubling in each of the past 3 years. Now in many major markets,
prospective home buyers can easily find an ENERGY STAR qualified home because local
builders are constructing 20 percent or more of their new homes as ENERGY STAR. These
markets include Phoenix, Las Vegas, Southern California, and parts of Texas. New Jersey, New
England, and the Midwest also have large concentrations of ENERGY STAR qualified homes.
Recognizing the value of offering ENERGY STAR qualifying homes, some 2,500 builder
partners have joined ENERGY STAR, including the nation's 10 largest home builders, 23 of
the top 25 builders, and nearly 50 percent of the top 100 builders (Builder Magazine, 2003).
Beyond products with ENERGY STAR Home Improvement. EPA continued to work to
help homeowners make home improvements by promoting contractor services that improve
the efficiency and comfort of their homes, as well as do-it-yourself steps homeowners can take
to improve their homes. EPA, working with DOE, the U.S. Department of Housing and
Urban Development (HUD), and regional sponsors, promoted the whole house improvement
program called Home Performance with ENERGY STAR. This program emphasizes whole
house diagnostics, provides for improvements made by trained, credentialed technicians to
CHANGE FORTHE
BETTER WITH
ENERGY STAR
CENTERPOINT ENERGY
Houston, Texas
PARTNER OF THE YEAR 2004
CenterPoint Energy is successfully building consumer
awareness and demand for ENERGY STAR qualified
homes, while also increasing the building industry's
willingness and ability to construct ENERGY STAR qualified homes around Houston. Since its
inception 4 years ago, the program has worked closely with consumers, realtors, and
builders to ensure that they understand the value associated with ENERGY STAR qualified
homes. The number of qualified homes in CenterPoint's program grew to more than 13,000
in 2004. Exemplary efforts in 2004 include CenterPoint's extensive outreach campaign
highlighting the value of ENERGY STAR. In addition, CenterPoint's realtor outreach included
co-sponsoring a continuing education course for Houston realtors that explains the value of
ENERGY STAR to assist them in selling new homes. CenterPoint also regularly conducts
training for and reaches out to builder sales staffs and home energy raters, (for a complete
list of ENERGY STAR Award Winners for 2004, see page 26.)
14
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
-------
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
ENERGY STAR PRODUCT CATEGORIES
Appliances
Clothes Washers*
Dishwashers*
Refrigerators & Freezers*
Heating & Cooling
Air-source Heat Pumps
Boilers
Central AC
Ceiling Fans
Dehumidifiers
Furnaces
Geothermal Heat Pumps
Home Sealing (Insulation)
Light Commercial HVAC
Programmable Thermostats
Room AC*
Ventilating Fans
*DOE managed products
Home Electronics
Cordless Phones
Combination Units
DVD Products
Home Audio
Televisions
VCRs
Office Equipment
Computers
Copiers
Fax Machines
Laptops
Mailing Machines
Monitors
Multifunction Devices
Printers
Scanners
Commercial Food Service
Commercial Fryers
Commercial Hot Food Holding Cabinets
Commercial Solid Door Refrigerators
& Freezers
Commercial Steam Cookers
Lighting
Ceiling Fans with CFLs
Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs (CFLs)J
Exit Signs
Residential Light Fixtures
Traffic Signals
Other
Roof Products
Room Air Cleaners
Transformers
Vending Machines
Water Coolers
Windows, Doors, & Skylights*
CHANGE FORTHE
BETTER WITH
ENERGYSTAR
LOWE'S COMPANIES, INC.
Mooresville, North Carolina
PARTNER OF THE YEAR 2004
Evidence of Lowe's strategic commitment to ENERGY STAR includes everything from a
dedicated ENERGY STAR staff and regular ENERGY STAR progress meetings to features
in its annual and social responsibility reports and visual standard guidelines for ENERGY
STAR. Moreover, this commitment translated into a 38 percent increase in stocking and a 44 percent increase in sales of
ENERGY STAR qualified products in 2004 — more than double its overall sales growth of 18 percent. Lowe's has consistently
delivered and expanded its consumer education activities through sales associate training, in-store promotions, vendor and
utility promotions, TV ads, direct mail, and its Web site — altogether reaching 95,000 sales associates and more than 10 million
customers per week. (For a complete list of ENERGY STAR Award Winners for 2004, see page 26.)
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
15
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ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
POTENTIAL AIR LEAKS IN A HOME
improve the efficiency and comfort of the home, and backs up contractor work with a strong
quality assurance program. Key states and metropolitan areas that operate Home Performance
with ENERGY STAR programs are New York, Wisconsin, California, Massachusetts, Missouri,
Atlanta, Georgia, and Austin, Texas. By the end of 2004, these states and metro areas completed
close to 12,000 whole house retrofits, with many retrofits saving between 25 and 40 percent of
total energy costs. To facilitate the national expansion of Home Performance with ENERGY
STAR, EPA collaborated with DOE and HUD to financially support the Building Performance
Institute (BPI) with a $ 1 billion grant to establish a nationwide accreditation and certification
program for whole house performance contractors.
In 2004, EPA continued to promote ENERGY STAR Home Sealing as an effective means to
cut energy costs and improve the comfort of homes by properly insulating homes and sealing
air leaks within the home's envelope. In many cases, home owners can do this work themselves.
CHANGE FORTHE
ENERGY STAR
PARDEE HOMES
Los Angeles, California
PARTNER OF THE YEAR 2004
Pardee Homes began its solid commitment to building and qualifying 100 percent of its
homes as ENERGY STAR in January 2002, firmly establishing energy efficiency as a core
value of the company. First test marketed in 1998, Pardee's ENERGY STAR marketing
commitment will account for nearly 7,000 qualified homes built during 2004 in the California and Nevada regional markets. The
most recent example is Pardee's role as the first builder to showcase ENERGY STAR qualified products, systems, and programs
as a key design focus in the television series "Extreme Makeover Home Edition." The show reaches an estimated 23 million
viewers each week and is a great platform for demonstrating the benefits of energy efficiency that an ENERGY STAR qualified
home offers. (For a complete list of ENERGY STAR Award Winners for 2004, see page 26.)
16
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
-------
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
EPA worked closely with major retailers to promote ENERGY
STAR Home Sealing through do-it-yourself clinics as well as
in-store promotions. EPA developed and distributed the new
"Do-It-Yourself Guide to ENERGY STAR Home Sealing," an
easy-to-use instruction booklet for home owners to improve
the comfort and energy efficiency of their homes through
better insulating and air sealing practices.
In addition to envelope improvements promoted under
ENERGY STAR Home Sealing, EPA began to lay the ground
work for a proper HVAC installation program. HVAC
industry professionals have demonstrated that proper
installation, including proper refrigerant charge, air flow over
the coils, and properly sealed ducts, ensures that HVAC
systems operate at peak efficiency. Poorly installed equipment
can impose a 10 to 20 percent energy penalty on the system.
EPA is working closely with the Air Conditioning Contractors
of America (ACCA) and the Consortium for Energy Efficiency
(CEE) to develop industry-accepted standards for proper
installation that achieve real energy savings. These organizations
will continue their work over the coming year to assist EPA in
the development of a proper HVAC installation program.
In 2005, EPA will:
• Update energy efficiency specifications for more products,
including those for televisions, dehumidifiers, telephony, air
conditioners, heat pumps, and light fixtures. EPA will also
add external power supplies (cordless phone or cell phone
chargers, for example) and battery chargers to the ENERGY
STAR suite of qualifying residential products.
• Continue to build consumer awareness of ENERGY STAR.
EPA will continue its public service campaign providing
consumers with five simple steps they can take to help reduce
energy use at home and prevent greenhouse gas emissions.
EPA will also coordinate focused national campaigns for
lighting products, home electronics, and cooling equipment.
The goal is to raise awareness of the ENERGY STAR label as
a credible symbol for energy efficiency and environmental
protection to more than 70 percent over the next several years.
• Work with manufacturers, retailers, home builders and
raters, utilities, and states in broad consumer promotions of
ENERGY STAR qualified products and new homes. In 2005,
EPA expects 175 million ENERGY STAR qualified products
to be sold and 170,000 new ENERGY STAR homes to be
constructed.
• Increase the stringency of the specification for ENERGY
STAR qualified new homes to reflect improvements in the
International Energy Conservation Code (IECC). For the
first time, EPAs new home specification is expected to include
lighting and appliances. And builders will be able to earn the
ENERGY STAR label for their homes through either a
performance path or a prescriptive path.
• Pilot an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) specification paired with
the ENERGY STAR specification for new homes. The IAQ
specification will address moisture control, radon, pest
control, HVAC, combustion safety, building materials, and
commissioning. EPA will run a limited number of pilots over
the next 3 years.
• Continue to expand Home Performance with ENERGY
STAR nationally by assisting the contractor accreditation and
technician certification program of BPI. EPA expects that
more than 21,000 whole house retrofits will be completed by
the end of 2005 under this program.
• Develop an installation and maintenance program for
HVAC systems to complement the ENERGY STAR label
for HVAC. EPA anticipates pilot projects in 2006 followed
by implementation of a full national program by 2007.
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
17
-------
PROGRAM EVALUATION: MEASURING RESULTS IN THE ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
In 2004, the ENERGY STAR program helped Americans save nearly $10 billion on their energy bills while avoiding
30 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions—emissions equivalent to those from 20 million vehicles. The
benefits resulting from key strategies are estimated as outlined below.
ENERGY STAR Products and New Homes
By 2004, more than 1.5 billion ENERGY STAR qualifying products had been purchased, and more than 360,000 ENERGY
STAR new homes had been constructed. These efforts are estimated to have saved 61 billion kWh of electricity and
$5.1 billion on energy bills, while avoiding 13 MMTCE of greenhouse gas emissions. These estimates were developed as follows:6
Products
Sales of products due to the ENERGY STAR program are determined as those
above and beyond established business-as-usual purchases of these products.
These sales are estimated by:
Collecting annual sales data on ENERGY STAR qualifying products from
participating product manufacturers as a condition of partnership and
supplementing these data by industry reports on total annual product
sales as necessary. These data are screened and issues resolved.
Using established business-as-usual baselines for annual product sales
for each product category. These baselines use historic data and expert
judgment and typically reflect increasing market shares for efficient
products and increasing product efficiencies over time.
Annual energy savings are calculated using established values for the
difference in annual energy use between a single ENERGY STAR product and
a typically purchased product. For these values, EPA:
Assumes that ENERGY STAR products just meet the ENERGY STAR
thresholds, even though there are some products that exceed this level.
Assumes the typically purchased product meets minimum efficiency
standards where standards exist or uses the average energy use for the
product category where there are no standards.
Supports primary data collection, such as product metering to collect
power use information, where additional information is necessary to
estimate energy savings.
Peak power savings are estimated using product-specific factors that
reflect the contribution of the annual energy savings from a product to
peak load savings.
Net energy bill savings reflect the incremental purchase price of ENERGY
STAR qualifying products, where there is a price premium, and use national
sector-specific fuel prices.
Avoided emissions of greenhouse gases are determined using marginal
emissions factors for CO2 derived from energy efficiency scenario runs of
national energy models. EPA is currently using the integrated utility dispatch
model. Integrated Planning Model (IPM®), to estimate these emissions factors.7
The potential for double-counting benefits, such as counting the energy
savings from ENERGY STAR qualifying HVAC equipment installed in new
ENERGY STAR homes in both areas, is addressed.
New Homes
EPA receives data quarterly from
third-party verifiers (home energy
raters) on the number of homes
they verified to be ENERGY STAR,
as a condition of program
partnership. These raters abide by
a set of quality assurance practices
to ensure data quality. In addition,
EPA reviews the submitted data
and resolves any data irregularities.
EPA recognizes that some new
homes that qualify for ENERGY
STAR are not a direct result of the
program and that many homes built
to ENERGY STAR levels due to the
program are not labeled or reported
to the program. Currently, EPA
estimates the former number of
homes to be lower than the latter.
Annual energy savings are
calculated using established values
for the energy savings from a home
that meets the ENERGY STAR level
relative to a home built to code.
Energy bill savings are calculated
using average national energy
prices for the residential sector.
Peak power savings and avoided
emissions of greenhouse gases are
determined using approaches
similar to those described for
products.
18
CLIMATE PROTEC
PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
-------
Commercial Buildings
EPA estimates that 65 billion kWh and $4.2 billion were
saved while avoiding 13.2 MMTCE of greenhouse gas
emissions due to ENERGY STAR commercial sector efforts
in 2004. EPA estimates these benefits as follows:8
Annual electricity savings are determined using a peer-
reviewed methodology developed for the commercial
building sector, which estimates national electricity
savings due to market transformation programs
throughout the United States. The methodology uses
more than a decade of economic, product shipment,
and other time-series data. It distinguishes electricity
savings attributable to energy efficiency programs
such as ENERGY STAR and those attributed to market
effects such as declining prices for efficient products.
It also distinguishes the electricity savings from utility-
run demand-side management programs and other
market transformation programs, such as DOE's
Rebuild and FEMP programs and regional energy
efficiency programs, so that the estimated annual
electricity savings from ENERGY STAR do not overlap
with these efforts.
The peak power savings are estimated using system
specific factors that reflect the contribution of the
energy savings from lighting and other building
improvements to peak load savings.
Net energy bill savings reflect the incremental
investment in ENERGY STAR measures determined by
using simple payback period decision criteria and use
national commercial sector fuel prices.
Avoided emissions of greenhouse gases are
determined using marginal emissions factors for CO2
as discussed above.
The potential for double-counting, such as including
the electricity savings from ENERGY STAR office
equipment used in commercial buildings, has been
addressed.
Industry
EPA partners in the industrial sector are estimated to
have avoided 4.1 MMTCE of greenhouse gas emissions
in 2004. While they also achieved significant reductions
in electricity use and fuels, as well as energy bill savings,
these benefits are not estimated due to the lack of data.
EPA estimates program benefits as follows:
Industrial partners use one of two methods to report
greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Either partners
file reports under the federal Voluntary Reporting of
Greenhouse Gases Program (1605(b)) that are reviewed
by EPA or, in a small number of cases, EPA works
with individual companies to estimate their emissions
reductions.
EPA adjusts the reported results to account for
business-as-usual improvements, structural changes in
the sector that do not reflect efficiency improvements
such as plant sales or closures, and program benefits
attributable to the commercial building efforts or other
federal programs. Process-related actions are included
in the results, whereas activities such as recycling,
lighting improvements, and transportation
improvements are not.
EPA's Qualified Products and Buildings sector savings are $5.1 and $4.2 billion, respectively. Savings from DOE's Qualified Products 130.9 billion) bring total ENERGY STAR savings
to around $10 billion. Greenhouse gas sa vings from EPA Qualified Products, Homes, Buildings, and Industrial sectors are 12.8, 0.2, 13.2, and 4.1 MMTCE, respectively for a total of
30.3 MMTCE.
For more details on many aspects of this method, see the peer-reviewed articles, "Savings Potential of ENERGY STAR Voluntary Labeling Programs," by Carrie A. Webber and
Richard £ Brown; and "Sa vings Estimates for the ENERGY STAR* Voluntary Labeling Program: 2001 Status Report" by Carrie A Webber, eta I.
For more details on IPM, see "Documentation Summary for EPA Base Case 2004 (V.2.1.9) Using the Integrated Planning Model" at http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/epa-
ipm/docsummary.pdf
For more details on many aspects of this method, see Marvin J. Horowitz, "Electricity Intensity in the Commercial Sector: Market and Public Program Effects," The Energy
Journal, Vol 25, No. 2, Spring 2004, pp. 115- 137, and "Economic Indicators of Market Transformation: Energy Efficient Lighting and EPA's Green Lights," The Energy Journal, Vol.
22, No. 4, Fall 2001, pp. 95- 122.
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
19
-------
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
"With more than
200 stores across
four states, energy
management and
conservation is
not only a
responsibility, but
a priority for
everyone at Giant
Eagle. We have long
been committed as
a company to being
a friend to the
environment, and
being named the
2004 ENERGY STAR
Partner of the Year
is an honor that we
take great pride in
earning."
—David Shapira, Chairman
and CEO, Giant Eagle
ENERGY STAR in the Commercial Sector
EPA offers the ENERGY STAR partnership to organizations of all types and sizes, encouraging
senior level executives and decisionmakers to commit to superior energy management. As a
result, these organizations reap the economic and environmental benefits that come with energy
savings. Many U.S. buildings and industrial facilities can use 20 to 30 percent less energy by
making cost-effective investments in energy efficiency. EPA provides standardized measurement
tools, proven business strategies to capture substantial environmental and economic benefits,
and recognition for organizations when they meet important milestones. Commercial sector
highlights for 2004 include:
More organizations committed to superior energy management. In 2004, many new
businesses and organizations joined with EPA to pursue superior energy management. Local
governments led the way, doubling the number of new partners over the previous year. By
year end:
• More than 13,000 organizations, including small businesses, were working with EPA to
improve their energy management practices.
• ENERGY STAR partners represented about 13 billion square feet of building space across the
country or approximately 19 percent of the commercial building market.
Thousands of buildings benchmarked for energy performance. EPAs energy
performance rating system is growing as a valuable means for assessing the baseline energy
performance of buildings and targeting investments. The performance rating, launched in
1999, compares the energy use of an individual building against the national stock of similar
buildings using a 1 to 100 point rating system. The rating shows whether a building is a high
or low energy performer, or somewhere in between. To date, the system has been used to
evaluate about 21,000 buildings representing more than 3.5 billion square feet (or 12 percent
of the total eligible market). This includes 34% of hospitals, 22% of office buildings, 21% of
supermarkets, 13% of schools, and 9% of hotels. Also in 2004, the rating was extended to
more building types, including financial centers, courthouses, bank branches, warehouse/
storage facilities, residence halls, and medical offices. EPA now provides the commercial market
with the capability to rate building types that represent more than 50 percent of the sectors
energy use.
CHANGE FORTHE
BETTER WITH
ENERGY STAR
NEW YORK-PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
New York, New York
PARTNER OF THE YEAR 2004
New York-Presbyterian Hospital (NYPH) delivers
comprehensive medical services to residents of New
York City and its surrounding boroughs, handling
100,000 discharges, scheduling more than 850,000 outpatient visits, delivering 11,500 babies,
and accommodating 178,000 emergency visits each year. NYPH joined ENERGY STAR in
2003, recognizing that every dollar saved on energy costs is a dollar that could be devoted to
healthcare delivery or medical research. Under the leadership of a full-time energy program
manager, NYPH rated the energy performance of all its facilities and set a goal of achieving
and maintaining ENERGY STAR status for both its hospitals and medical office buildings in
2005. The hospital is well on its way toward accomplishing these goals, having already been
recognized as an ENERGY STAR Leader for achieving a 10-point portfolio-wide improvement
from the first round of energy-saving capital projects. NYPH's combined savings in energy is
equivalent to generating more than $18 million in new business. (Fora complete list of
ENERGY STAR Award Winners for 2004, see page 26.)
20
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
-------
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
More top performing buildings earn the ENERGY STAR.
EPA offers the ENERGY STAR label to businesses and public
institutions as a way to distinguish buildings that are top
energy performers—those that score in the top 25 percent on
the rating system while meeting industry standards for indoor
air quality. Through 2004:
• Nearly 2,000 buildings, representing almost 400 million
square feet, earned the ENERGY STAR, saving a significant
amount of energy and avoiding unnecessary greenhouse gas
emissions. These top performers use about 40 percent less
energy than average buildings.
• The ENERGY STAR label could be found in every U.S.
state and the District of Columbia on the following building
types: office buildings, schools, financial centers, bank
branches, supermarkets, courthouses, hospitals, medical
offices, hotels, residence halls, and warehouses.
• EPA expanded the ENERGY STAR program to new
building design. Nine commercial building design projects
have already received the "Designed to Earn the ENERGY
STAR" graphic because the estimated energy performance of
these building designs met EPA criteria. The completed
buildings will be eligible to receive the ENERGY STAR
after maintaining superior energy performance for one year.
Increased recognition for organizations achieving
important milestones. In 2004, EPA launched a new
initiative, ENERGY STAR Leaders, to recognize partners
that establish baseline ratings for their organization-wide energy
use and achieve energy efficiency improvements of 10, 20, or
30 points above the baseline across their portfolio. EPA
recognized a diverse set of 18 organizations as ENERGY
STAR Leaders in October 2004 (see box below). Of these
Leaders, seven had already achieved an average portfolio-wide
rating of 75 or better.
THE 2004 ENERGY STAR LEADERS
Achieving a 10-point
improvement portfolio wide
Colorado Springs School
District 11
Colorado Springs, CO
The Vanguard Group
Valley Forge, PA
Achieving a 20-point
improvement portfolio wide
Cambridge Savings Bank
Cambridge, MA
Achieving an average portfolio-
wide rating of 75 or better
Cambridge Savings Bank
Cambridge, MA
Columbus Hospitality
Columbus, OH
Food Lion, LLC
Salisbury, NC
Giant Eagle
Pittsburgh, PA
Granite Properties
Piano, TX
H.E. Butt Grocery Company
San Antonio, TX
USAA Real Estate Company
San Antonio, TX
Completing the portfolio-wide
baseline
Academy School District 20
Colorado Springs, CO
Douglas, Emmett & Company
Los Angeles, CA
Glenborough Realty Trust, Inc.
San Mateo, CA
The Hartford
Hartford, CT
Muskogee Public Schools
Muskogee, OK
New York-Presbyterian Hospital
New York, NY
Parkway Properties
Jackson, MS
The Saunders Hotel Group
Boston, MA
The World Bank
Washington, DC
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
21
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ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
"We are pleased to
be recognized as an
ENERGY STAR
Partner of the Year.
This award not only
acknowledges the
efforts of district
staff and students,
but also sends a
clear message to
the community that
the district is a
responsible steward
of the environment
and their tax dollars.
With the help of
ENERGY STAR, the
district has saved
more than $4 million
in energy costs and
used these funds to
enhance student
achievement."
—Thomas Fernandez, Energy
Manager, Colorado Springs
School District 11
Many service providers, utilities, states, and others are leveraging the ENERGY
STAR commercial program. In 2004, EPA continued to partner with interested organizations,
such as energy service providers, utilities, state energy groups, and public benefits funds
administrators to provide clear, accurate information to energy end-users about opportunities
for improved energy performance. By the end of 2004, 5 5 energy efficiency program sponsors
across the United States were partnering with EPA to offer resources to end-user customers,
enabling them to be more energy efficient. Highlights include:
• NSTAR, a major New England utility, completed the first phase of a benchmarking pilot
program with ENERGY STAR for customers who control over 7 million square feet of
floor space.
• The Business Council of Fairfield County (CT) (formerly SACIA), in cooperation with
Connecticut Light and Power (CL&P), won approval from the Energy Management Board of
Connecticut for a one million dollar utility retro-commissioning pilot program which begins
with the assessment of building performance using EPAs energy performance rating system.
• Nicor Gas, the largest natural gas distributor in northern Illinois, is using EPAs Guidelines
for Energy Management as the framework for presenting energy management and demand-
side incentives to its commercial and industrial customers.
• Service and Product Providers (SPPs) increased their activities. In 2004, the number of SPP
partners grew to almost 800 (with the addition of 175 new partners), and they helped
benchmark nearly 1,650 buildings. More than 80 of these buildings showed at least a
10-point energy performance improvement during the year. SPPs also assisted in labeling
more than 250 buildings in 2004.
• The California Public Employees' Retirement System (CalPERS) and the California State
Teachers' Retirement System (CalSTRs) are using building energy performance benchmarking to
improve the financial and environmental performance of their real estate holdings through
energy efficiency.
More ENERGY STAR qualifying products. More ENERGY STAR qualified products came
to market for the commercial sector. In 2004, EPA added vending machines and updated
specifications for computer monitors and exit signs.
CHANGE FORTHE
BETTER WITH
ENERGYSTAR
SYLVANIA
Danvers, Massachusetts
PARTNER OF THE YEAR 2004
As the number one lighting manufacturer in North
America, SYLVANIA is dedicated to leading the cause
for excellence in the manufacture and promotion of
energy-efficient products. In 2004 SYLVANIA increased its ENERGY STAR qualified product
line by 50 percent over 2003 by adding eight new ENERGY STAR qualified compact
fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs. SYLVANIA held seminars for the commercial and industrial
community at its Lightpoint educational facility and created the first ever "See Energy in a
New Light" seminar, which was designed to educate and inform lighting designers and
engineers about available lighting solutions that address new technology and federal
energy codes. These initiatives, coupled with installation of energy-efficient products and
environmental programs at its facilities, demonstrate SYLVANIA's superior commitment to
energy efficiency and a cleaner environment. (Fora complete list of ENERGY STAR Award
Winners for 2004, see page 26.)
22
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
'Protecting the environment through sound energy management is a
major organizational priority for us at USAA Real Estate Company. As
an ENERGY STAR partner, we are striving to achieve superior energy
performance in our organization. The ENERGY STAR program is good
for our bottom line and good for the environment. "
—Edward B. Kelley, President and CEO, USAA Real Estate Company
In 2005, EPA will:
• Launch a new ENERGY STAR Challenge-^/,
a Better World 10% at a. Time. In coordination with
key associations and states, the Challenge calls on U.S.
businesses and institutions to reduce energy use by
10 percent or more. In partnership with these organizations,
EPA will help build campaigns that encourage building
owners to participate in the ENERGY STAR Challenge.
• Recognize those organizations that improve the energy
performance of their building portfolios by 10, 20, 30 points
or more as ENERGY STAR Leaders for demonstrating
superior energy management and portfolio-wide improvements.
• Update and expand the energy performance rating system
with the following modifications:
• Facilitate the hosting of EPAs energy performance
rating system by third parties, with the goal of making
it easier for companies to benchmark their customers'
facilities using their own energy tracking software;
• Work with the Energy Information Administration to
analyze the latest Commercial Buildings Energy
Consumption Survey (CBECS) and state survey data to
refine and update current system information; and
• Expand to more building types such as discount stores,
fast food restaurants, and home centers in the near
future.
Update and expand ENERGY STAR specifications for
products such as ice machines, commercial dishwashers, and
clothes washers.
Assess opportunities for bundling energy-efficient
commercial products into packages of recommended
products of interest to particular market segments such as
commercial kitchens. This strategy will be closely
coordinated with state and local energy efficiency program
sponsors with the goal of developing an effective program
model for increasing the efficiency of new restaurants.
CHANGE FORTHE
BETTER WITH
IJJIJritfldflrt
FOOD LION, LLC
Salisbury, North Carolina
PARTNER OF THE YEAR 2004
Food Lion, LLC, one of the largest supermarket chains in the United States, operating more
than 1,200 stores in 11 states, continues to produce exceptional results for itself and the
environment through its energy management approach. Food Lion joined ENERGY STAR
in 1998, and over the past 4 years, with the full support of upper management, has reduced its energy usage by more than
25 percent or 1.6 trillion BTUs, exceeding even its most optimistic energy management goals. During the last 3 years alone,
the company has reduced carbon dioxide emissions by more than 940 million pounds and saved enough energy to power
285 stores. During 2004, Food Lion brought the number of stores earning the ENERGY STAR label to 200 and was recognized as
an ENERGY STAR Leader for achieving a portfolio-wide rating greater than 75. (For a complete list of ENERGY STAR Award
Winners for 2004, see page 26.)
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
23
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ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
"Toyota was founded
on the principles of
continuous
improvement, or
"kaizen," and
respect for people...
these principles
shape the way we
do business and
provide the
foundation for our
environmental and
energy policies.
ENERGY STAR
has contributed
to the shaping of
our energy
management
program by
providing tools
and resources,
and with this
combination has
brought us success
leading to where
we are today."
—Dennis Cuneo,
Senior Vice President,
Toyota Motor of
North America
ENERGY STAR in the Industrial Sector
Through ENERGY STAR, EPA helps manufacturers identify the best in energy performance
for their companies and assists them in developing strategic energy management programs.
These programs are built on the principles of organizational commitment and continuous
improvement. Strategic corporate energy management with sustained progress and
decisionmaking leads to a better environment and improved financial health for a company.
For some industrial sectors, EPA convenes Industry Focuses. An Industry Focus is a targeted
effort to improve energy efficiency within a specific manufacturing sector. Industry Focuses
encourage strategic corporate energy management, provide the tools needed to achieve and
measure continuous improvement, and create a supportive environment where ideas and
opportunities are shared. For each Focus, EPA prepares an energy guide, which is an analysis
of the energy efficiency opportunities in an industry's manufacturing plants. To enable an
advanced level of energy management in a focus industry, EPA also develops plant energy
performance indicators (EPIs). An EPI scores a plants energy efficiency relative to that of the
entire industry and enables corporations to manage energy aggressively and set realistic
improvement i
In 2004, EPA initiated several Industry Focuses, enhanced the networking opportunities for
partners from all sectors, provided tools and resources geared toward energy strategies, and
supported all industries in their efforts to manage energy well.
During 2004, EPA managed six Industry Focuses with interested
manufacturing sectors:
• Automobile/Motor Vehicle Manufacturing. At the request of the industry, EPA held the
third annual focus to exchange energy efficiency practices for assembly plants and improve
the efficiency of production processes. One hundred percent of the companies with U.S.-
based assembly plants participated. EPA revised the draft EPI based on industry review
comments and offered the energy guide to the entire industry. EPA also coordinated with the
Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers to identify opportunities for the industry to meet its
Climate VISION commitments. To encourage greater information dissemination, EPA
created a forum for this industry to take advantage of DOE's plant energy tools.
• Cement. EPA conducted the first cement industry focus. Participating companies represented
40 percent of the clinker (output from a cement kiln) production capacity in this sector.
Taking industry review comments into consideration, EPA produced a revised EPI for
evaluating cement plant energy efficiency. Distribution of the cement energy guide continued
during 2004. EPA coordinated with the Portland Cement Association to identify opportunities for
achieving the industry's Climate VISION commitments; participation in ENERGY STAR is
a prominent part of the industry's work plan. To encourage greater information dissemination,
EPA created a forum for the cement industry to take advantage of DOE's plant energy tools.
• Corn Refining. The second annual corn refining focus was held in November 2004,
with 96 percent of the U.S.-based corn refining capacity represented. EPA collaborated with
the industry to test a draft corn refinery EPI and continued to disseminate this industry's
energy guide.
24
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
-------
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
Glass. EPA initiated work on an energy guide for the glass
industry by consulting technology specialists, industry
experts, and partners to gather resource material. Initial
contacts were made with the key corporate energy managers
in the leading U.S.-based glass companies to begin
discussion of a glass focus.
Petroleum Refining. EPA continued the development of a
petroleum focus initiated in late 2003. Meetings were held
with the industry's corporate energy managers to discuss
potential systems for benchmarking the energy efficiency of
petroleum refineries in the United States. Using industry
review comments, EPA revised the draft energy guide,
outlining key opportunities for improving energy use in
petroleum refineries.
Pharmaceuticals. Working with the pharmaceutical
industry, EPA improved the draft energy guide for its
manufacturing plants. Significant discussions were held
with industry leaders about the scope of an EPI for
pharmaceutical manufacturing plants. They indicated an
EPI would be a useful energy management tool and offered
to assist in its development.
In 2005, EPA will:
Expand its work with specific industrial sectors, as follows:
• Convene an Industry Focus with the pharmaceutical
industry and develop an initial EPI tool for industry testing.
• Conduct the fourth annual automobile/motor vehicle
Industry Focus and release the first complete EPI for
auto assembly plants.
• Organize the third annual cement Industry Focus and
finalize the cement plant EPI.
• Hold the third annual corn refining Industry Focus and
finalize the corn refining EPI.
• Initiate meetings with the glass industry to plan for an EPI
and first focus meeting.
• Evaluate an existing petroleum refinery benchmarking
system to determine whether data of similar quality and
value to the ENERGY STAR EPI are produced.
• Convene a water and wastewater Industry Focus.
• Increase partner networking opportunities and participation
by holding a biannual in-person networking meeting.
• Improve the participation of public sector organizations in
networking opportunities.
• Produce a guidebook for development of energy teams based
on the ENERGY STAR Guidelines for Energy Management.
"For California Portland Cement, protecting the environment through
sound energy management is a major priority. As an ENERGY STAR
partner, we value superior energy performance in our organization.
We have found that participating in ENERGY STAR just makes good
business sense."
—Jim Repman, CEO, California Portland Cement Company
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
25
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ENERGY STAR 2004 AWARD WINNERS
ENERGY STAR
CORPORATE COMMITMENT
New York State Energy Research
and Development Authority
Albany, NY
SUSTAINED EXCELLENCE
3M
St Paul, MN
Eastman Kodak Company
Rochester, NY
Ence Homes
St George, UT
Food Lion, LLC
Salisbury, NC
Nevada ENERGY STAR Partners
Las Vegas, NV
Pardee Homes
Los Angeles, CA
Servidyne Systems, LLC
Atlanta, GA
USAA Real Estate Company
San Antonio, TX
PARTNER OF THE YEAR
RETAILER
Lowe's Companies, Inc.
Mooresville, NC
LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY
MANAGEMENT
California Portland Cement
Company
Glendora, CA
Colorado Springs School District 11
Colorado Springs, CO
Giant Eagle, Inc.
Pittsburgh, PA
Marriott International, Inc.
Washington, DC
New York-Presbyterian Hospital
New York, NY
The Saunders Hotel Group
Boston, MA
Toyota Motor Manufacturing North
America, Inc.
Erlanger, KY
Transwestern Commercial Services
Houston, TX
EXCELLENCE IN ENERGY
SERVICES
Avista Advantage
Spokane, WA
NSTAR Electric
Boston, MA
EXCELLENCE IN HOME
IMPROVEMENT
Austin Energy
Austin, TX
Wisconsin Focus on Energy
Madison, Wl
PARTNER OF THE YEAR
PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS
Canon U.S.A., Inc.
Lake Success, NY
GE Consumer and
Industrial - Appliances
Louisville, KY
Gorell Enterprises, Inc.
Indiana, PA
Lennox Industries Inc.
Richardson, TX
Sea Gull Lighting Products, Inc.
Riverside, NJ
SYLVANIA
Danvers, MA
Whirlpool Corporation
Benton Harbor, Ml
NATIONAL PRODUCT
CAMPAIGNS
GE Consumer and
Industrial - Lighting
Louisville, KY
Maytag Corporation
Newton, I A
Wisconsin Focus on Energy
Madison, Wl
EXCELLENCE IN APPLIANCE
RETAILING
Sears, Roebuck and Co.
Hoffman Estates, IL
EXCELLENCE IN PRODUCT
LABELING
Panasonic
Secaucus, NJ
RETAIL COMMITMENT
AWARD
The Home Depot
Atlanta, GA
PARTNER OF THE YEAR
NEW HOMES
Astoria Homes
Las Vegas, NV
Cambridge Homes
Altamonte Springs, FL
D.R. Horton, Inc. - Sacramento
Division
Fort Worth, TX
David Powers Homes
Houston, TX
Energy Sense
Houston, TX
Guaranteed Watt Saver Systems-
West, Inc.
Oklahoma City, OK
Veridian Homes
Madison, Wl
LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
California Investor-Owned Utility
Companies:
Pacific Gas & Electric Company
San Francisco, CA
San Diego Gas & Electric
San Diego, CA
Southern California Edison
Company
Rosemead, CA
Southern California Gas
Company
Los Angeles, CA
CenterPoint Energy
Houston, TX
Governor Robert L Ehrlich, Jr. and
the Maryland Energy
Administration
Annapolis, MD
MidAmerican Energy Company
Des Moines, IA
New Jersey Board of Public Utilities,
Office of Clean Energy
Newark, NJ
Northeast ENERGY STAR Lighting
and Appliance Initiative
Lexington, MA
TXU Electric Delivery
Dallas, TX
Wisconsin Focus on Energy
Madison, Wl
"Sears not only sustained its commitment to energy efficiency in 2004,
but raised the standard as well. We worked hard on multiple fronts
to bring ENERGY STAR appliances to a broader cross section of
Americans, and we're very proud of the fact that no other retailer sells
more ENERGY STAR appliances than Sears."
—Tina Settecase, Vice President and General Manager of
Home Appliances, Sears, Roebuck and Co.
26
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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CLIMATE LEADERS PROGRAM
CLIMATE LEADERS
EPA launched Climate Leaders in February 2002 to challenge
individual companies to develop long-term comprehensive
climate change strategies. Companies implement their
strategies by setting an aggressive greenhouse gas emissions
reduction target and reporting on progress through submitting
annual inventory data to EPA. By reporting inventory data to
EPA, partners create a lasting record of their accomplishments
and are able to identify themselves as corporate environmental
leaders. Companies also develop a corporate-wide Inventory
Management Plan, which institutionalizes best practices in
measuring and reporting greenhouse gas emissions. In these
ways, corporate partners gain a better understanding of the
risks and opportunities associated with global climate change.
In 2004, Climate Leaders:
• Welcomed 14 new corporate partners for a total of
66 partners.
• Announced 7 additional corporate greenhouse gas emissions
reduction targets. Through 2004, 27 Climate Leaders
partners have publicly stated greenhouse gas targets.
• Placed a public service announcement (PSA) in six national
publications to recognize the environmental leadership of
Climate Leaders partners.
• Published four cross-sector and one sector-specific
greenhouse gas inventory core module guidance documents.
In 2005, EPA will:
• Attract 20 additional corporate partners.
• Announce 20 new Climate Leaders corporate greenhouse
gas emissions reduction targets.
• Publish the first edition of Climate Leaders Design Principles.
• Develop a new Climate Leaders Program Guide and various
sector fact sheets.
• Continue to recognize Climate Leaders through PSAs in
national publications.
• In collaboration with partners, begin to develop inventory
guidance for projects addressing offsets of greenhouse gas
emissions.
PARTNER GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) REDUCTION GOALS ANNOUNCED IN 2004
The company targets announced through 2004 will prevent an average of 7.5 MMTCE per year above projected business-
as-usual baselines. These reductions are equivalent to the annual emissions from 5 million vehicles.
• Ball Corporation pledged to
reduce U.S. GHG emissions by
16 percent per production index
from 2002 to 2012.
• Baxter International pledged to
reduce U.S. GHG emissions by
16 percent per unit of production
value from 2000 to 2005.
• The Collins Companies pledged to
reduce total U.S. GHG emissions
by 18 percent from 2000 to 2010.
• First Environment, Inc. pledged to
achieve net zero U.S. GHG
emissions by 2008.
• GE Transportation pledged to
reduce global GHG emissions by
25 percent per dollar of revenue
from 2003 to 2008.
• Hasbro, Inc. pledged to reduce
total U.S. GHG emissions by
30 percent from 2000 to 2007.
• Roche Group U.S. Affiliates
pledged to reduce total U.S. GHG
emissions by 10 percent from
2001 to 2008.
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
27
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CLEAN ENERGY PROGRAMS
2004 ENERGY STAR
CHP AWARD AND
EPA CHP
CERTIFICATES OF
RECOGNITION
2004 ENERGY STAR
CHP Award winners
California Institute of
Technology
Pasadena, CA
LaFarge North America/
Trigen-Cinergy
Solutions of Silver
Grove
Silver Grove, KY
2004 EPA CHP
Certificates of
Recognition winners
Borden Chemical
South Glen Falls, NY
Greater Rochester
International Airport
Rochester, NY
Johnson & Johnson
LaJolla, CA
Yale University
New Haven, CT
New York Power
Authority
Brooklyn, NY (2)
Staten Island, NY
Bronx, NY
CLEAN ENERGY PROGRAMS
Combined Heat and Power Partnership
In October 2001, EPA introduced the Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Partnership as
part of the President's National Energy Policy. CHP projects offer tremendous potential for
pollution prevention by using the waste heat that is produced in many industrial processes and
as a by-product of electricity generation. CHP systems provide many benefits, including cost
savings, enhanced reliability of the electric system, and local economic development.
Compared with conventional separate heat and power, CHP projects are highly efficient—
often reaching 75 percent efficiencies and higher—and can be installed in a variety of settings,
including large industrial plants, college campuses, hospitals, hotels, and commercial buildings.
EPA recognizes the most efficient projects each year through the ENERGY STAR CHP Award.
To maximize the use of cost-effective, efficient CHP, the partnership works with the CHP
industry; state and local governments; commercial, institutional, and industrial energy users;
and other organizations to facilitate project development and to improve the markets for
combined heat and power. EPA provides education, outreach, technical assistance for candidate
sites, and public recognition for exceptional CHP projects.
In 2004, the CHP Partnership:
• Grew to 145 partners and facilitated 32 new CHP projects, totaling 1,260 MWe of new
CHP capacity.
• Co-sponsored CHP workshops in New York, Iowa, Tennessee, Georgia, Colorado, Texas,
and Massachusetts to increase the level of knowledge about CHP among energy users, to
recognize highly efficient projects, and to share case studies of CHP Partnership assistance.
• Provided public recognition to eight projects that demonstrated high operating efficiency by
presenting them with ENERGY STAR CHP Awards or EPA CHP Certificates of Recognition.
• Expanded project facilitation services to provide tailored technical and informational
assistance to address issues that arise during different stages of project development.
• Continued strategic market development efforts in the ethanol industry by producing an
industry-specific fact sheet, sponsoring workshops in Iowa and Wisconsin, and engaging in
direct outreach to ethanol plant owners and their design engineers.
• Released Output-Based Regulation: A Handbook for Air Regulators to educate air regulators on
innovative ways to recognize the efficiency benefits of CHP.
In 2005, EPA will:
• Assist partners with more than 30 new projects, facilitating the development of over
800 MWe of new CHP capacity.
• Produce and publicize clean energy state policy guidelines focusing on policies affecting
CHP and clean distributed generation.
• Continue to educate state air regulators on the methods and benefits of creating output-based
environmental regulations.
• Co-sponsor CHP outreach events in multiple states to further inform potential CHP users
about its benefits.
• Continue strategic market development activities with the ethanol industry and initiate new
strategic market efforts in the wastewater treatment sector and in hotels and casinos.
• Revise and expand the CHP Partnership Web site to include a CHP procurement guide,
a guide to the CHP project development process for energy users, and a guide to
funding resources.
28
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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CLEAN ENERGY PROGRAMS
'Dairyland and our members have worked hard to advance green
power in our cooperative system, and we are happy to be a leader in
Such a beneficial energy technology,"
—John McWilliams, Resource Planner, Dairyland Power Cooperative
Green Power Partnership
EPA launched the Green Power Partnership in 2001 in
response to a recommendation in the President's National
Energy Policy. The partnership's goal is to lower the cost of
renewable energy by enlisting large electricity purchasers to
buy a percentage of their power from green power sources.
EPA also works to increase green power's value by offering
public recognition to leading green power purchasers. As
increasing numbers of large electricity customers demand
green power, electricity providers will respond by investing in
new renewable energy capacity to meet this growing demand.
EPA supports the development of green power markets in
several ways, such as providing emissions benefits information,
recognizing leading purchasers through annual green power
awards, and supporting the development of third-party
certification so consumers can be confident that they are
getting what they pay for.
In 2004, renewable energy purchasing grew among major
companies, universities, government agencies, and other
organizations as a strategy for demonstrating environmental
leadership. The Green Power Partnership welcomed 313 new
partners in 2004. EPA provided technical assistance to
partners, including comparison of various green power
products and information on strategies for maximizing the
2004 GREEN POWER LEADERSHIP AWARDS
Partner of the Year
Clif Bar, Inc.
Berkeley, CA
Montgomery County, MD
Rockville, MD
Staples, Inc.
Framingham, MA
U.S. General Services
Administration,
Region 2
New York, NY
WhiteWave Foods
Boulder, CO
Green Power Purchasing
Alterra Coffee Roasters
Milwaukee, Wl
College of the Atlantic
Bar Harbor, ME
Edwards Air Force Base
Edwards AFB, CA
Interface, Inc.
Atlanta, GA
Johnson & Johnson
New Brunswick, NJ
Lundberg Family Farms
Richvale, CA
New York State Municipal Wind
Buyers Group
Conklin, NY
Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City, UT
Whole Foods Market
Austin, TX
On-site Generation
California State University at
Hay ward
Hayward, CA
City and County of San Francisco,
Moscone Convention Center
San Francisco, CA
Harbec Plastics, Inc.
Ontario, NY
Mauna Lani Resort
Kohala Coast, HI
Rodney Strong Vineyards
Healdsburg, CA
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
29
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CLEAN ENERGY PROGRAMS
benefit of a green power purchase. EPA also publicly recognized exceptional partners through
its participation in local events, press releases, speaking engagements, the Green Power
Leadership Club, and national Green Power Awards.
In 2004, the Green Power Partnership:
• Welcomed an additional 313 partners for a total of 549 organizations that have made a
combined commitment to purchase more than 2 billion kWh of green power annually,
including 1.6 billion kWh from new renewable energy resources.
• Created resources for partner recognition and technical assistance, including a Web listing of
the top 25 green power purchasers and a comprehensive Guide to Purchasing Green Power.
• Provided recognition to leading green power purchasers through local press events and the
national Green Power Leadership Awards.
• Debuted an updated Web site that offers the public and partners more information about
green power, purchasing guidance, and more.
In 2005, EPA will:
• Engage 300 new partners to purchase green power, bringing the total to more than 800.
• Assist new and existing partners in purchasing more than 2.5 million MWh of green power
annually.
• Encourage 100 current partners to increase their purchases of green power.
• Create new resources for partner recognition and technical assistance, including fact sheets
designed to appeal to specific business sectors.
• Expand public recognition of outstanding partners by offering speaking roles at established
business sector conferences alongside EPA staff.
30
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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STATE AND LOCAL PARTNERSHIP PROGRAMS
STATE AND LOCAL PARTNERSHIP
PROGRAMS
Since 1992, EPA's State and Local Program has been helping
state and local governments maximize the environmental and
economic benefits of their clean energy policies. As state
and local needs have evolved, so have EPA's services and
partnerships. States have developed policies and programs that
deliver low-cost, reliable clean energy. These policies reduce
energy costs, improve efficiency, lower greenhouse gas
emissions, improve air quality and public health, and promote
economic development. Many state governments have made
clean energy initiatives a priority and see opportunities to
align clean energy actions with other objectives.
EPA is encouraging state and local government collaborative
approaches for developing cost-effective clean energy policies
due to the multitude of benefits to the environment, their
economies, and quality of life. The program has developed an
extensive network of state and local officials and a rich suite of
tools and resources for aligning environmental objectives with
their economic, energy, and public health goals. These include
analytic tools and guidance documents to assess the impacts of
policies on energy, the economy, public health, and the
environment; direct technical assistance on specific policies
and best practices; and forums and workshops to foster
information exchange among state and local officials.
In 2004, the State and Local Program:
• Designed the Clean Energy-Environment State Partnership
Program, a new voluntary initiative that reflects the needs of
state officials. This program encourages states to develop
and implement comprehensive clean energy strategies that
will help fulfill their clean energy and environmental goals
and lead to public health and economic benefits.
• Developed new guidance documents on incorporating
energy efficiency and renewable energy (EEPvE) into air
quality planning, helped states incorporate EEPvE measures
into their local air pollution control plans, and facilitated
the inclusion of supplemental environmental projects in
state environmental enforcement cases. EPA worked with
four states and five communities to estimate the air quality
benefits of EERE measures and incorporate the measures
into their State Implementation Plans (SIPs).
• Provided two states with analytic support to help estimate
the macroeconomic impact of energy efficiency and
renewable energy policies. The states discovered that they
could achieve significant reductions in fossil fuel energy use
and emissions while promoting EEPvE, creating jobs, and
saving money.
EPA's Clean Energy-Environment State Partnership Program is
providing tools and resources to help a Connecticut stakeholder
group evaluate the economic, environmental, and public health
benefits of several key clean energy recommendations. Through it's
collaboration with EPA, the state is now better positioned to move
from policy analysis to implementation."
—Chris James, Director of the Planning and Standards Division,
Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection
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STATE AND LOCAL PARTNERSHIP PROGRAMS
• Launched a new heat island Web site that describes urban heat islands and their energy, air
quality, and public health impacts. It provides communities and building owners with steps to
reduce summertime temperatures. Estimates of community-level cooling energy savings from
heat island reduction strategies range from 10 to 25 percent.
• Supported the Puget Sound Clean Air Agency stakeholder process involving 27 organizations,
which resulted in a clean energy action plan. The plan includes recommendations for nine
clean energy actions that will reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
In 2005, EPA will:
• Launch the new State Clean Energy-Environment Partnership Program, designed to help
states adopt clean energy policies and deploy programs that will reduce greenhouse gas
emissions, save energy, promote reliable and affordable electricity generation, and increase
economic development in the states.
• Help up to 15 states develop Clean Energy-Environment Action Plans.
• Release the Clean Energy and Environment Guide to Action that will help states take advantage
of the environmental and economic benefits that clean energy offers.
• Publish a heat island guidebook that will provide easy-to-understand technical information on
temperature reducing measures—in particular, cool roofing and strategic tree planting—and
guidance on implementing heat island mitigation projects and programs.
• Release the Co-Benefits Risk Assessment model, a tool that generates rough estimates of the
public health effects associated with changes in air pollution levels at the state and local levels.
This tool will enable officials to compare pollution scenarios associated with different policies
and to incorporate human health effects into their decisions.
• Continue to provide state and local officials and their national associations with technical
assistance, tools, and outreach to promote the environmental, public health, energy, and
economic benefits of reducing energy use. Provide six or more states with hands-on assistance
to facilitate the progress of clean energy policies and programs.
"Ohio is committed to promoting the efficient use of energy to achieve
a broad range of public policy goals. The EPA Clean Energy-Environment
State Partnership Program is helping us realize our potential by
identifying and analyzing opportunities to advance clean energy that
are cost effective, help enhance economic development, and protect
public health and the environment."
—Sara Ward, Chief, Office of Energy Efficiency,
Ohio Department of Development
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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METHANE PROGRAMS
METHANE PROGRAMS
Methane's contribution to total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions
is second only to that of carbon dioxide. Each ton of methane
emitted is over 20 times more effective at trapping heat in the
atmosphere than one ton of CO2. At the same time, methane,
the major component of natural gas, is also a valuable source
of energy.
U.S. industries along with state and local governments
collaborate with EPA in several voluntary partnerships to
encourage the profitable collection and use of methane that
would otherwise be released to the atmosphere. These
methane partnerships include the Landfill Methane
Outreach Program, Natural Gas STAR Program, and
Coalbed Methane Outreach Program. All follow a common
approach—to provide sound technical, economic, and
regulatory information on emissions reduction technologies
and practices, as well as tools to help implement methane
reduction opportunities. Partners profit from these programs
by enhancing their operational efficiency and competitive
advantage. EPA also provides information and tools to the
agricultural community to encourage methane reductions.
In 2004, these voluntary partnerships, in conjunction with a
regulatory program to limit air emissions from the nation's
largest landfills, kept national methane emissions to well
below 1990 levels, and they are projected to remain below
1990 levels through 2012 (see Figure 6).
Figure B.
Partner actions are projected to maintain methane
emissions below 1990 levels through 2012
180
'90 '95
YEARS 1990-2012
Source: EPA Climate Protection Partnerships Divisit
'Curtailing methane releases would take the nations of the world a
long way toward slowing the growth of greenhouse gases, and in the
view of some scientists, stabilize their growth in the world."
—Red Cavaney, CEO, American Petroleum Institute
as quoted in The Oil and Gas Journal, February 21, 2005
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METHANE PROGRAMS
LANDFILL METHANE
OUTREACH PROGRAM
Landfill Methane Outreach Program
Landfills are the largest source of U.S. human-related (anthropogenic) methane emissions.
Capture and use of landfill gas (LFG) not only reduces methane emissions directly, but also
reduces CO2 emissions indirectly by displacing the use of fossil fuels. The Landfill Methane
Outreach Program (LMOP) encourages landfills across the country and overseas to capture and
use their landfill gas emissions as a renewable energy source. Together with landfill owners, state
energy and environmental agencies, energy suppliers, industry, communities, and other
stakeholders, LMOP lowers the barriers to landfill gas energy (LFGE) project development.
Since the program's launch in December 1994, LMOP has assisted with 279 projects and
reduced methane emissions from landfills by approximately 23 MMTCE. In addition, the total
number of landfill gas energy projects has grown to nearly 380. In 2004 alone, LMOP assisted
all 33 LFGE projects that became operational, resulting in a reduction of 4.4 MMTCE.
LMOP focuses its outreach efforts on the smaller landfills not regulated by EPA's New Source
Performance Standards and Emission Guidelines. The program's varied tools help landfill
owners and operators overcome barriers to project development. These tools include feasibility
analyses, software for evaluating project economics, profiles of hundreds of candidate landfills
across the country, a project development handbook, and energy end-user analyses.
In 2004, LMOP:
• Assisted in the development of 26 new landfill gas energy projects and 7 project expansions,
with more than 30 additional projects under construction and expected online soon.
• Welcomed 53 new partners, increasing participation by 14 percent and bringing the total
number of LMOP partners to 424.
• Collaborated with the Department of Energy-Atlanta and state energy offices in Florida,
Mississippi, and North Carolina to deliver three landfill gas energy workshops in the
Southeast, reaching more than 400 project stakeholders.
• Implemented a corporate and federal end-user market strategy, providing landfill gas energy
opportunities to more than 20 U.S. corporations, representing over 275 manufacturing
facilities nationwide.
In 2005, EPA will:
• Assist in the development of 33 new landfill gas energy projects.
• Release new and updated resources to advance project
development, including a streamlined version of LMOP's LFG
project evaluation tool (LFGcost) and the third edition of
Funding Landfill Gas Projects: A Guide to State, Federal, and
Foundation Resources.
• Host the 9th Annual LMOP Conference and Project Expo
and state and regional workshops to present the benefits of
landfill gas energy, discuss project development activity and
opportunities, and address issues affecting landfill gas projects.
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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LMOP 2004 AWARD WINNERS
PROJECT OF THE YEAR — LINKING
ATLANTIC WASTE DISPOSAL LANDFILL TO
HONEYWELL
In 2002, Honeywell Nylon along with LMOP Industry
Partners Enerdyne Power Systems, Inc. and Waste
Management Inc. (WMI) collaborated to construct a
23-mile landfill gas pipeline—the longest in the United
States—to transport medium-BTU LFG from WMI Atlantic
Waste Disposal Landfill in Waverly, Virginia, to the
Honeywell Nylon plant in Hopewell, Virginia. When the
pipeline was completed in January 2004, it began reducing
the site's demand for natural gas fuel by 15 percent.
The project links one of the largest landfills east of the
Mississippi River with the largest natural gas consumer
east of the Mississippi River. Built to accommodate a LFG
flow of more than 14,000 standard cubic feet per minute
(scfm), the pipeline required the approval of three
municipalities and seven agencies.
"The reduction in CO2 air emissions
over the life of the landfill, for
example, is equivalent to planting
5,544 square miles of trees and saving
1.2 billion gallons of oil."
—Keith Togna, Site Energy Leader,
Honeywell Hopewell Plant
LMOP ENERGY PARTNER OF THE YEAR
(DIRECT LFG END USER) — NUCOR
CORPORATION
Nucor Corporation, the largest steel producer
and recycler in the United States, purchases approxi-
mately 650 scfm of recovered landfill gas collected by
LMOP Industry Partner Granger Energy, LLC, from the
Morgan County Regional Landfill, an LMOP Community
Partner, in Alabama. The landfill replaces about 10 to 15
percent of Nucor's natural gas consumption needs. To
capitalize on this cost-effective fuel source, the LFG is
transported to a mixing station located at Nucor Steel
Decatur's facility, where it is mixed with natural gas prior
to fueling the company's tunnel furnaces. This innovative
application is relatively new and used in only one other
LFGE project.
LMOP ENERGY PARTNER OF THE YEAR
(ELECTRICITY PROJECT) — DAIRYLAND
POWER COOPERATIVE
Today, traditional power production is cheap and mostly
generated from fossil fuels. One energy cooperative is
breaking new ground by adding renewable energy to its
power portfolio. Dairyland Power Cooperative and Eau
Claire Energy Cooperative teamed with other LMOP
Partners, Ameresco Energy Services, Onyx Waste
Services, and Waukesha Engines to develop the Onyx
Seven Mile Creek LFGE project. This 3-MW project is one
of the cornerstones of Dairyland's many renewable
projects, with more LFGE projects expected this year and
in coming years. Leading by example, Dairyland is using
innovative thinking and partnership arrangements to
overcome barriers to renewable energy project
development.
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LMOP 2004 AWARD WINNERS
LMOP INDUSTRY PARTNER OF THE
YEAR — AMERESCO, INC.
Having been the 2003 LMOP Industry Partner of the Year,
Ameresco's 2004 project accomplishments, emissions
reductions, and groundwork for future projects are doubly
impressive and worthy of repeat recognition. The
company made significant progress in 2004 by bringing
four new LFGE projects online quickly and cost-effectively,
without tax credits, all while improving the environment
and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In less than
4 years and with few financial incentives, Ameresco has
developed eight LFGE projects representing 30 MW, with
another 50 MW expected online in 2005.
COMMUNITY PARTNER OF THE YEAR —
FAUQUIER COUNTY, VIRGINIA, LANDFILL
GAS PROJECT
Given its small size of approximately 1 million tons of
waste in place, the Fauquier County landfill would not
attract a great deal of interest from traditional LFGE
developers. However, LMOP Community Partner Fauquier
County and project developers prove that even small
projects can succeed. Developed by Commonwealth
Green Energy and LMOP Energy Partner Pepco Energy
Services as their first foray into renewable electricity from
landfill gas, the LFGE facility is best described as a
merchant power plant—no tax credits, no subsidies, and
no grants. At its peak, a full year of output from the site is
expected to generate 15,000 MWh of renewable electricity.
STATE PARTNER OF THE YEAR —
MISSISSIPPI DEPARTMENT OF
ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
Receiving an unprecedented five nominations from both
public and private sector organizations in Mississippi, the
Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ)
is a force for advancing LFGE in the state. Under MDEQ's
leadership, the Mississippi LFGE Task Force achieved the
requirements of being an LMOP state partner in record
time—establishing a task force, preparing a LFGE primer,
and holding a LFGE workshop within 6 months of
becoming a partner. Since that time, MDEQ has worked
closely with LMOP staff, landfill owners, project
developers, businesses, state agencies, state partners
from adjacent states, and utilities to advance project
development in Mississippi. They truly understand the
potential of landfill gas and are helping form public-private
partnerships to establish LFGE projects across the state.
The first LFGE project in Mississippi is in the final stages
of construction, with many others under development.
"Fauquier County's gas-to-energy
operation has been a wonderful addition at
the Corral Farm Landfill by converting an
environmental pollutant into a renewable
energy source, while simultaneously
reducing both capital and operating costs.
This project was only possible through
EPA's Landfill Methane Outreach Program."
—Mike Dorsey, Director of Environmental Services,
Fauquier County, Virginia
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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METHANE PROGRAMS
EPA
Natural Gas STAR Program
Natural Gas STAR is a
voluntary partnership
between EPA and the
U.S. natural gas industry
designed to overcome
barriers to the adoption
of cost-effective
technologies and
practices that reduce
emissions of methane. Natural Gas STAR was launched in
1993 with the transmission and distribution sectors and has
since expanded twice—to the production sector in 1995 and
the processing sector in 2000. The program has achieved
significant reductions through 2004, reducing methane
emissions from natural gas systems by 6.7 MMTCE in
2004 alone.
Natural Gas STAR has developed a range of tools and
resources designed to help corporate partners implement best
management practices to reduce gas loss. These include an
implementation guide, a series of "Lessons Learned" studies,
technology transfer workshops, partner-to-partner information
exchanges, and more. Extensive partner support for and
continued expansion of the program, combined with ongoing
positive feedback from partners, demonstrates the effectiveness
of these tools in promoting methane reduction activities.
In 2004, Natural Gas STAR:
• Achieved 66 percent industry participation across all major
sectors (production, processing, transmission, and
distribution).
• Partnered with 12 new companies, bringing the total
number of partners to 111.
• Conducted six technology transfer workshops covering all
four sectors of the natural gas industry.
• Achieved 100 percent participation of the American
Petroleum Institute member companies.
In 2005, EPA will:
• Work with the oil and gas industry to expand the Natural
Gas STAR Program, specifically in the area of small-to-
medium size natural gas production companies.
• Conduct eight technology transfer workshops, including
two Web/telephone based workshops to enable attendance
by companies with limited travel budgets.
• Continue to aggressively work with existing partner
companies to expand the methane emissions reduction
projects within their companies.
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NATURAL GAS STAR 2004 AWARD WINNERS
PRODUCTION PARTNER OF THE YEAR
Shell Exploration and Production
Company—Shell joined Natural Gas
STAR in 1995 and has since reported
cumulative methane emissions
reductions of 11.5 billion cubic feet (Bcf). The new Gas
STAR Implementation Manager, Greg Southworth, has
been very active this year by helping co-sponsor the
offshore producers workshop and is currently assisting
Gas STAR with an upcoming offshore case study. Shell
reported the greatest reductions for all production
partners, 3.14 Bcf in 2003, providing detailed information
on its emissions reduction projects in the Gulf of Mexico.
TRANSMISSION PARTNER OF THE YEAR
GulfTerra
PROCESSING PARTNER OF THE YEAR
GulfTerra Energy Partners L. P. (formerly
El Paso Field Services)—This was
GulfTerra's first year of reporting since
joining the Program in 2000. The
company submitted an impressive report,
which included the highest emissions reductions of any
processing partner for 2003 (165,370 Mcf) and a significant
amount of past emissions reductions. To date, GulfTerra
has achieved cumulative methane emissions reductions
totaling 2.3 Bcf and has implemented more than
10 partner reported opportunities (PROs).
Columbia Gas
Transmission
A NiSource Company
Columbia Gulf
Transmission
A NiSource Company
Columbia Gas Transmission
Company and Columbia
Gulf Transmission
Company (NiSource
Companies)—These
companies continue to be
top reporters in the
transmission sector. Columbia Gas reported the greatest
reductions in 2003 (3.9 Bcf) and has achieved the second
highest cumulative reductions of all transmission partners
(23 Bcf). Columbia Gulf reported the second highest
reductions for 2003 (1.1 Bcf) and has achieved the sixth
highest cumulative reductions in the transmission
sector (6.2 Bcf).
DISTRIBUTION PARTNER OF THE YEAR
NiSource Distribution
Operations—The 10 NiSource
distribution companies that have partnered with EPA
submitted annual reports that together represented
81 percent of the total emissions reductions reported by the
Gas STAR distribution sector for 2003. In the past
2 years, NiSource has been working hard to reinvigorate
these companies' Gas STAR activities, including quantifying
the emissions reduction projects being implemented by all
the companies. The NiSource distribution companies have
collectively reduced methane emissions by 10.4 Bcf since 1993.
NATURAL GAS STAR ROOKIE OF THE YEAR
A -^ Devon Energy Corporation—
[Jt[ I/I/J^ Since joining the program in July
2003, Devon has been very active
and supportive of Gas STAR by holding a high-profile
signing ceremony, aiding in development of technical
documents, contributing to an article in the Gas STAR
Partner Update, and volunteering its Bridgeport Gas Plant
as a location for filming the new Gas STAR Program
video. Devon is implementing a significant number of
emissions reduction activities and will submit its first
annual report next year.
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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NATURAL GAS STAR 2004 AWARD WINNERS
NATURAL GAS STAR CONTINUING EXCELLENCE AWARDS
bp
BP—BP continues to be a leader in the
O production sector. The company and its
Gas STAR Implementation Manager,
Reid Smith, assisted the program with
two Partner Reported Opportunity fact
sheets this year, two articles for the
Partner Update, and a case study on offshore activities.
Mr. Smith was awarded Implementation Manager of the
Year in 2003, and the company was recognized as the
Production Partner of the Year in 2001, 2002, and 2003. BP
reported the second highest reductions for 2003 (2.7 Bcf),
which were primarily attributable to innovative PROs, and
can also claim the second highest cumulative reductions
(19 Bcf) of all production partners.
Kerr-McGee Oil & Gas Corporation—Kerr-McGee
continues to be a leader in the
production sector. The company
reported the third highest reductions
for 2003 (1.2 Bcf) and has achieved
the seventh highest cumulative reductions (6.6 Bcf) of all
production partners. The company was also recognized
for its accomplishments in 2000 and 2003. Plus, Kerr-
McGee consistently implements a wide variety of partner
reported opportunities every year.
elpaso
El Paso Pipeline Group,
ANR Pipeline Company, Tennessee
Gas Pipeline, El Paso Natural Gas,
Southern Natural Gas, and Colorado Interstate Gas—
(all part of the El Paso Pipeline Group) were all in the top
10 in 2003 reductions, and together totaled 1.8 Bcf of
methane emissions reductions. The company's Gas STAR
Implementation Manager, John Cordaway, has been very
active in the Gas STAR Program by providing substantial
insight to various technical issues, contributing to Gas
STAR technical support documents, and presenting at
several workshops.
Pioneer Natural Resources USA—
Pioneer has been one of the most
active processing partners since
joining the program in 2000. The
company has the third highest
cumulative achievements for
processing partners—having reduced
methane emissions by 2.1 Bcf—and has reported an
impressive 19 PROs. In 2002, Pioneer was recognized as
the Production Partner of the Year. This year the company
hosted a workshop, helped EPA develop an
implementation case study, and contributed to the
development of a number of technical documents.
PIONEER
NATURAL RESOURCES
"Support from our CEO has been extremely important in making our
Natural Gas STAR Program a success. From the beginning, it was
clear that our participation was a point of pride for the company.
Mr. Nichols' (Devon's Chairman and CEO) endorsement
demonstrated to all employees, stakeholders, and the public that
the Gas STAR Program was a top priority for the company."
—David Templet, Manager of Environmental, Health & Safety, Devon Energy Corporation
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METHANE PROGRAMS
Coalbed Methane Outreach Program
The Coalbed Methane Outreach Program (CMOP) reduces methane emissions from
underground coal mines by collaborating with large coal companies and small businesses—
primarily independent natural gas project developers and equipment supply companies—to
develop environmentally beneficial and economically successful coal mine methane (CMM)
projects. Outreach efforts focus on providing high-quality, project-specific information. CMOP
has achieved significant results through 2004.
EPA began working with the coal mining industry in 1990, when coal mines captured and
used only 25 percent of the methane produced from their mine degasification systems. As a
result of this collaboration, the percentage of methane recovery grew to about 71 percent by
2003. To eliminate the remaining methane emitted from degasification systems, CMOP is
working with industry to use CMM in small-and large-scale power generation, for mine
heating and coal drying, and for upgrading low-quality gas to pipeline specifications. Favorable
economics also increase the viability of other end-use options for CMM such as vehicle fuel
(liquified natural gas and compressed natural gas), manufacturing feedstocks, and use in
fuel cells.
Following the program's success in reducing methane emissions from degasification systems,
CMOP has expanded its focus to the methane emitted from coal mine ventilation systems.
Ventilation air from coal mines typically contains methane at concentrations below one percent,
yet accounts for 83 percent of the remaining methane emissions from underground coal
mines—about 77 Bcf of methane annually. CMOP is collaborating with industry and other
federal agencies to demonstrate and deploy newly developed technologies that can reduce these
emissions substantially over the next few years.
Abandoned mines are also a source of methane emissions, accounting for about 10 percent of
U.S. CMM emissions from underground mines. CMOP is now actively engaged in promoting
reductions from this source. In the United States alone, 20 projects in 2004 captured and used
methane from 30 abandoned mines.
CMOP has developed a range of tools designed to overcome the barriers to recovery and
combustion of coal mine methane. These include numerous technical and economic analyses of
technologies and potential projects, mine-specific project feasibility assessments, state-specific
analyses of project potential, market evaluations, and guides to state, local, and federal
Table 4.
Methane Programs: Annual Goals and
TOTAL REDUCTIONS (MMTCE)
LMOP
Number of Projects
Annual Methane Reductions (MMTCE)
Natural Gas STAR
Industry Participation (% in program)
Annual Gas Savings (MMTCE)
CMOP
Annual Methane Reductions (MMTCE)
Achievements
2004 Goal
10.6
269
4.3
64%
4.5
1.8
2004
Achievement
12.9
279
4.4
66%
6.7
1.8
2005 Goal
12.6
289
4.5
66%
6.3
1.8
Source: EPA Climate Protection Partnerships Division
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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METHANE PROGRAMS
assistance programs. CMOP has collaborated with operators
of virtually every major U.S. underground coal mine that has
gassy conditions or that emits gases to apply these tools and
facilitate projects, which in 2004 alone achieved a reduction
of 1.8MMTCE.
In 2004, CMOP:
• Reduced methane emissions at 15 of the gassiest mines in
the country, including the first recovery projects in the
western United States, by providing high-quality, project-
specific information to mine operators, project developers,
and other stakeholders.
• In cooperation with CONSOL Energy and DOE,
supported efforts to design, install and operate the first test-
scale demonstration of ventilation air oxidation technology
in the United States.
• Published the first summary report of abandoned mine
methane emissions in the United States, including
identification of approximately 400 gassy abandoned mines
that may offer development potential.
In 2005, EPA will:
• Launch a targeted outreach effort, working closely with the
mining industry in the western United States, to increase
mine methane capture and use in Colorado, New Mexico,
and Utah.
• Conduct further analysis of abandoned mine methane
emissions to refine methodologies for estimating project-
specific emissions.
• Initiate more detailed assessment of coal mine methane
emissions from surface mines because reports indicate U.S.
mining companies are using horizontal boreholes to drain
methane from high walls in open caste mining and shallow
surface wells to drain methane in advance of surface mining.
PROGRAM EVALUATION: MEASURING RESULTS IN THE METHANE PROGRAMS
EPA relies on the application of sound and comprehensive practices to estimate the annual methane reductions from its
programs. EPA gathers and carefully reviews partner data on all methane reduction activities implemented through the
partnerships.
Natural Gas STAR
As a condition of partnership,
program partners submit
implementation plans to EPA
describing the emissions reduction
practices they plan to implement and
evaluate. In addition, partners submit
progress reports detailing specific
emissions reduction activities and
accomplishments each year.
EPA does not attribute all reported
emissions reductions to Natural Gas
STAR. Partners may only include
actions that were undertaken
voluntarily, not those reductions
attributable to compliance with
existing regulations.
Emissions reductions are estimated
by the partners either from direct
before-and-after measurements or by
applying peer-reviewed emissions
reduction factors. These estimates
are reviewed by EPA and any
identified issues are resolved.
Landfill Methane Outreach
EPA maintains a comprehensive
database of the operational data on
landfills and LFGE projects in the
United States. The data are updated
frequently based on information
submitted by industry, LMOP
outreach efforts, and other sources.
Reductions of methane that result
from compliance with EPA's air
regulations are not included in the
program estimates. In addition,
only the emissions reductions from
projects that meet the LMOP
assistance criteria are included in the
program benefit estimates.
EPA uses emissions factors that
reflect the type of project. The factors
are based on research, discussions
with experts in the LFG industry, and
published references.
Coalbed Methane Outreach
Through cooperation with the U.S.
Mine Safety & Health Administration,
state oil and gas commissions, and
the mining companies themselves,
EPA collects mine-specific data
annually and estimates the total
methane emitted from the mines
and the quantity of gas recovered
and used.
EPA estimates 40 percent of coal
mine methane recovery is due to its
partnership activities. This factor was
calculated by estimating the increase
in the amount of methane capture
expected from CMOP activities
relative to the methane capture
expected from the Energy Policy Act
of 1992 (EPAct).
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METHANE PROGRAMS
Agriculture Based Programs
Through outreach to agriculture-based organizations and livestock producers, EPA and the
U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) work together to promote practices that reduce
greenhouse gas emissions at U.S. farms. The programs collaborate with the nation's swine and
dairy producers to encourage development of waste management systems that generate farm
revenues while reducing water and air pollution. Currently, there are 170 operating or planned
systems in the United States. EPA provides technical information and tools to aid in the
assessment and implementation of these projects.
In 2004, EPA and USDA:
• Continued to expand methane-reducing technologies in the livestock sector to help ensure
clean water and air and held extension events to market these opportunities. Such activities
take place as part of the second year of Farm Bill funding under Section 9006.
• Assisted swine and cattle producers in carrying out projects that produced nearly 400 million
kWh/year of renewable energy from farms capturing methane. This energy is then used by
the farm and local community.
• Organized a national conference to provide environmental, program, market, state-of-the-art
technical, and funding information on anaerobic digestion systems.
In 2005, EPA and USDA will:
• Continue coordinating the implementation of anaerobic digestion funding mechanisms
under the 2002 Farm Bill.
• Collaborate with state energy programs across the country to facilitate the development of
anaerobic digesters as renewable energy resources.
• Update the AgSTAR Handbook, and develop the second version of FarmWare to provide
farmers with guidance and tools for evaluating and successfully applying proven anaerobic
digestion technology.
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HIGH GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL GAS PROGRAMS
HIGH GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL
GAS PROGRAMS
Public-private industry partnerships are substantially reducing
U.S. emissions of the high global warming potential (GWP)
gases released as byproducts of industrial operations. These
partnerships involve various industries that are developing
cost-effective improvements in their industrial processes to
reduce emissions of perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofiuoro-
carbons (HFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)—all
particularly potent greenhouse gases. When compared
ton-for-ton with CO2, they trap much more heat in the
atmosphere. PFCs and SF6 also have very long atmospheric
lifetimes. Despite the potential for sizable growth in high
GWP greenhouse gas emissions, these partner industries are
expected to maintain their emissions substantially below
1990 levels through the year 2012 (see Figure 7).
The Voluntary Aluminum Industrial
Partnership (VAIP)
The primary aluminum producers are collaborating with EPA
to reduce direct emissions of PFCs and CO2. The goal is to
reduce emissions where technically feasible and cost effective.
Since the partnership began in 1995, participating industries
have had notable success in characterizing the emissions from
their smelter operations and reducing overall emissions.
In support of the President's Climate VISION (Voluntary
Innovative Sector Initiatives: Opportunities Now) initiative,
VAIP is committed to a direct carbon intensity reduction
target of 53 percent from 1990 levels by 2010. The goal
includes reductions in emissions of perfluoromethane (CF^)
and perfluoroethane (C2F6), which are inadvertent byproducts
of the smelting process, plus CO2 from the consumption of
the carbon anode. As large energy consumers, the primary
producers also agreed to continue their efforts to reduce
indirect CO2 emissions through ongoing energy efficiency
improvements. The aluminum industry has made progress in
reducing greenhouse gas emissions for more than a decade,
and this new commitment equates to an additional direct
carbon intensity reduction of 25 percent beyond the 2000
achievement.
VAIP has reduced PFC emissions by more than 45 percent
and direct carbon emissions by more than 54 percent
compared to the industry's 1990 baseline. The Aluminum
Association will collaborate with EPA in measuring progress
for the President's Climate VISION initiative based on data
collected from VAIP member companies and pledges to
support climate protection through efforts to increase
aluminum recycling and develop lightweight vehicles.
In 2004, the Voluntary Aluminum Industrial
Partnership:
• Completed a global survey of facility-specific emissions
measurements and evaluated data to support updating the
IPCC Inventory Guidance for primary aluminum.
• Remeasured PFC emissions at a partner facility after
advanced emissions control technologies were installed.
This project quantified emissions reduction benefits of
investments in currently available technical options.
• Evaluated 1990 and 2000 partner data to establish Climate
VISION baseline estimates.
HFC-23 Emission Reduction Program
Industry is working with EPA to reduce emissions of the potent
greenhouse gas, HFC-23, a byproduct in the manufacture of
the refrigerant HCFC-22. Through this program, EPA
encourages all U.S. producers of HCFC-22 to develop and
implement feasible, cost-effective processing practices or
technologies to reduce HFC-23 emissions.
Partners have reduced emissions of HFC-23 through process
optimization and thermal destruction. Their efforts have
helped significantly reduce the intensity of HFC-23 emissions
(the amount of HFC-23 emitted per kilogram of HCFC-22
manufactured). As a result of these efforts, emissions in 2004
were more than 6.4 MMTCE lower than they would have
been at the 1990 emission intensity. In 2004, EPA partnered
with 100 percent of the U.S. HCFC-22 producers to use
process optimization and abatement to reduce production
byproduct emissions of HFC-23—the most potent and
persistent of the hydrofluorocarbons.
Figure 7.
Partner actions can maintain voluntary program sector
emissions of high global warming potential gases at
or below 1990 levels through 2012
'90 '95
YEARS 1990-2012
Source: EPA Climate Protection Partnerships Di
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
43
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HIGH GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL GAS PROGRAMS
The PFC Reduction/Climate Partnership for the
Semiconductor Industry
Since its inception in 1996, this partnership has been a catalyst for
semiconductor companies in Europe, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the
United States to set the first global target for reducing greenhouse gas
emissions. With EPA, these companies have identified and implemented
process changes and manufacturing tool improvements in the
production of integrated circuits to reduce emissions of PFCs. EPA's partners are currently
installing advanced emission control technologies to further reduce PFC emissions.
While the partnership's initial focus was on reducing PFC emissions from U.S. semiconductor
fabrication plants, EPA and its industry partners quickly recognized the advantage of addressing
this global environmental challenge through international cooperation. Seeking to maintain
a "level playing field" for the many multinational partner companies, the partnership
encouraged other nations' governments to develop similar voluntary initiatives. Japan was
the second country to establish a voluntary partnership following a meeting organized by
Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry and EPA in 1996. With the United
States and Japan gaining momentum in coordinating PFC emissions reduction activities,
the remaining major semiconductor producers including Europe, Korea, and Taiwan joined
the effort soon thereafter.
In April 1999, the World Semiconductor Council (WSC), whose members include the national
semiconductor industry associations of Europe, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the United States,
announced a technically challenging goal to reduce PFC emissions by at least 10 percent below
the 1995 baseline level by year-end 2010. The WSC's goal represents the first greenhouse gas
emissions reduction target for an entire global industry. This type of aggressive goal setting
reassures international governments, industry suppliers, and the public of the industry's
commitment to protect the climate.
In 2004, the PFC Reduction/Climate Partnership for the Semiconductor
Industry:
• Reduced absolute PFC emissions 45 percent below 1999 levels while U.S. manufacturing
increased by 20 percent over the same period. EPA's semiconductor industry partners are on
track to meet their 2010 Climate VISION commitment.
• Worked with global industry representatives at the International Semiconductor Environment
Safety and Health (ISESH) conference to encourage China's rapidly emerging semiconductor
manufacturing industry to participate with the WSC in controlling PFC emissions.
• Facilitated the IPCC's kick-off meeting to begin revising methods for estimating fluorinated
compound emissions from electronics manufacturing, including semiconductors, liquid
crystal displays (LCDs), and photovoltaics.
• Continued seeking opportunities for the closely related technical fields of semiconductor and
LCD (i.e., flat panel display) manufacturing to exchange information and expedite PFC
emissions reductions.
DR. HIDEKI NISHIDA, CLIMATE PROTECTION AWARD WINNER
Hitachi Displays
In January 2004, the World LCD Industry Cooperation Committee (WLICC), representing the leading LCD
manufacturers from Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, announced its goal to reduce PFC emissions to 0.82 MMTCE
by 2010—a 90 percent reduction from current emissions. Guided by EPA's model for voluntary industry cooperation. Dr. Hideki
Nishida of Hitachi Displays led the WLICC in making such a technically aggressive commitment. EPA awarded Dr. Nishida its
2005 Climate Protection Award in recognition of his global industry leadership and commitment to environmental protection.
44 CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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HIGH GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL GAS PROGRAMS
SF6 Emissions Reduction
Partnership for Electric
Power Systems
In 1999, EPA partnered with several
electric utilities to form a voluntary program to reduce sulfur
hexafiuoride (SF6) emissions. By reducing SF6 emissions,
partner companies have not only taken an active role in
addressing climate change, but have also seen financial savings
through reduced SF6 gas purchases. In addition, equipment
reliability has been improved as a result of more careful gas
measurement, better leak detection and repairs, and
equipment replacement.
The most potent and persistent industrial greenhouse gas,
SF6 is used primarily in high voltage circuit breakers and gas-
insulated substations by electric utilities as a gaseous dielectric.
The global warming potential of SF6 is 23,900 over a 100-
year time horizon; in other words, it is 23,900 times more
effective at trapping infrared radiation than an equivalent
amount of CO2. The average SF6 emissions rate for partner
companies in 2004 was just below 10 percent.
In 2004, the SF6 Emissions Reduction
Partnership for Electric Power Systems:
• Hosted the Third International Conference on SF6 and
the Environment in Scottsdale, AZ. Co-sponsored with
the International Magnesium Association, the National
Electrical Manufacturers Association, the American Public
Power Association, Arizona Public Service, the Australian
Greenhouse Office, DOE, and the Electric Power Research
Institute, the 2004 conference included a substation field trip to
demonstrate the latest leak detection and repair technologies.
• Initiated a study on leak rates of new equipment. The first
of its kind, this study will document refilling requirements
for high-voltage equipment that has been installed for
5 years or less. The study will help isolate equipment-related
leaks from state-of-the-art power equipment versus personnel
servicing and handling gas loss issues.
* Developed Benchmark Reports to help partners compare
their emissions to those of their electric utility peers.
Partners received a customized summary report showing
their goal and actual SF6 emissions reductions since signing
the MOU plus partnership averages.
SF6 Emission Reduction
Partnership for the
Magnesium Industry
Sh Emission Reduction ':":'::::"
Partnership fertile Magnesium Industry
The U.S. magnesium industry is
working with EPA to identify and
encourage the adoption of best management practices for
reducing emissions of sulfur hexafiuoride (SF6), a long-lived
and potent greenhouse gas. Launched in 1999, this
partnership to reduce emissions from magnesium production
and casting operations represents approximately 80 percent of
the U.S. magnesium industry. The partnership goal is to
eliminate SF6 emissions by year-end 2010.
In 2004, the SF6 Emission Reduction
Partnership for the Magnesium Industry:
• Reduced absolute SF6 emissions by 19 percent since EPA
launched the program in 1999. 2004 was the fifth year in
which EPA collected annual SF6 emissions reports from
magnesium partners.
• Supported partner companies' efforts to evaluate available
alternative melt protection technologies such as alternative
cover gases AM-Cover™ (HFC-134a) and Novec™ 612
(a fluorinated ketone). An initial EPA study has shown both
gases are capable of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by
more than 99 percent compared to the traditional SFg-based
protection system.
• Maintained U.S. industry participation in the partnership,
representing 100 percent of primary magnesium production
and 80 percent of domestic casting and recycling capacity.
Once we recognized SF6 as an asset, we were able to build an
effective management strategy around it. The SF6 Emission
Reduction Partnership helped us make this transition and provided
us with tools to design an effective program"
—Alex Salinas, Technical Specialist, Southern California Edison
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
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HIGH GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL GAS PROGRAMS
Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partnership
Until 1994, air conditioning systems in most new vehicles used refrigerants that damaged the
Ozone Layer and had a high global warming potential. Under the Montreal Protocol on
Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, countries agreed to protect the ozone layer. As a
result, vehicle air conditioning systems worldwide were redesigned. Now, mobile air
conditioning systems use a different refrigerant, HFC-134a. HFC-134a has no ozone depleting
potential and only one-sixth the global warming potential of the former mobile air conditioning
refrigerant, CFC-12. Nonetheless, with a global warming potential of 1,300, HFC-134a is still a
strong greenhouse gas.
In order to reduce the climate impacts of mobile air conditioning, the Society of Automotive
Engineers (SAE), the Mobile Air Conditioning Society Worldwide, and EPA formed a global
voluntary partnership to promote improved air-conditioning systems and service. This
partnership is composed of environmental authorities from Australia, Canada, Europe, and
Japan; environmental and industry non-government organizations (NGOs); and global vehicle
manufacturers and their suppliers. The partnership has four goals:
• To promote cost-effective designs and improved service procedures to minimize emissions
from HFC-134a systems.
TABLE 5.
High GWP Gas Programs: Annual Goals and Achievements
2004
2004 Goal Achievement 2005 Goal
TOTAL REDUCTIONS (MMTCE)
9.7
11.7
10.4
VOLUNTARY ALUMINUM INDUSTRIAL
PARTNERSHIP
Industry Participation (% in program)
Reductions (MMTCE)
98%
2.2
98%
2.2
98%
2.6
HFC-23 PARTNERSHIP
Industry Participation (% in program)
Reductions (MMTCE)1
100%
4.6
100%
6.4
100%
4.8
OTHER STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMS
Industry Participation (% in program)2 50%-100% 45%-100% 50%-100%
Reductions (MMTCE) 2.9 3.1 3.0
These goals have been adjusted downward to reflect lower than expected HCFC-22 production and the closure of one of the
four U. S. HCFC-22 plants. The industry a verage HFC-23 emission factor actually declined more than expected.
Participation varies from 45% of net generating capacity for electric power systems to 100% for primary magnesium producers.
To cooperate on developing and
testing the next generation of
mobile air-conditioning systems
that satisfy customer requirements
and environmental, safety, cost,
and reliability concerns.
To communicate technical
progress to policymakers and
the public.
To document the current and
near-term opportunities for
improving the environmental
performance of mobile air-
conditioning system design,
operation, and maintenance.
"Chicago White Metal (CWM) Casting joined EPA's SF6 Emission
Reduction Partnership for the Magnesium Industry as a charter partner
in 1999. Since then, our dedicated team has worked closely with EPA,
industry suppliers, and other partner companies to track emissions and
share information on reduction strategies. In 2004 alone, the process
improvements implemented by CWM have reduced SF6 emissions by
4,920 MTCE and saved our company $11,000."
—Eric Treiber, President, Chicago White Metal Casting
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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HIGH GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL GAS PROGRAMS
It is estimated that air conditioning system improvements will
add $35 to $50 to the cost of producing new vehicles with
payback in fuel savings within one or two years, and lifetime
savings of more than $400. When implemented as an
incremental efficiency improvement, this technology will save
3.7 billion gallons of fuel in the United States by 2025 and a
comparable amount in the rest of the world. The Mobile Air
Conditioning Partnership is developing a new strategy to
promote these environmental and product improvements.
In 2004, the Mobile Air Conditioning Climate
Protection Partnership:
• Announced the Improved Mobile Air Conditioning
(I-MAC) 30/50 project to reduce air conditioning fuel
consumption by at least 30 percent and cut refrigerant
emissions by 50 percent.
In 2005, across the High GWP Gas Programs,
EPA will:
• Participate in the preparation of the 2006IPCCNational
Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidelines for Industrial Processes
and Product Use.
• Develop a Web-based emissions reduction training module
for primary aluminum facility managers and pot-room
operators. This module will increase awareness of greenhouse gas
emissions from aluminum smelting and identify technical
and operational opportunities to reduce them.
Complete the technical analysis phase of the new equipment
leak study for the SF6 Emission Reduction Partnership for
Electric Power Systems.
Conduct Web-cast training sessions for electric utilities and
vendors servicing the electric power sector. This training will
help SF6 partners reduce errors in reporting their annual SF6
emissions.
Conduct a follow-up study of alternative magnesium melt
protection technologies. The results of this study are expected to
help the partnership accelerate its phase-out of SF6 by 2010.
Continue implementing agreements to reduce greenhouse
gas intensity for the aluminum, magnesium, and
semiconductor sectors through the Presidents Climate
VISION initiative.
Maintain an effective partnership with HCFC-22 chemical
manufacturers to reduce emissions of HFC-23.
Expand the stewardship programs to reduce high GWP
emissions from other key sources, such as the ozone-
depleting substance replacement industries.
PROGRAM EVALUATION: MEASURING RESULTS IN THE HIGH GWP GAS PROGRAMS
Annual high GWP gas reductions achieved by EPA's programs are estimated using reliable data and established methods.
Voluntary Aluminum Industry
Partnership
All VAIP partners agree to report
aluminum production and anode
effect frequency and duration in order
to estimate annual PFC emissions.
Reductions are calculated compared
to a business-as-usual baseline which
uses the industry's 1990 emission
rate. The reduction in the emission
rate is used to calculate the overall
greenhouse gas emissions reductions
from the program.
The industry began making
significant efforts to reduce PFC
emissions as a direct result of the
program. All reductions achieved by
partners are assumed to result from
the program.
HFC-23 Emission Reduction
Program
Program partners report HCFC-22
production and HFC-23 emissions
to a third party that aggregates the
estimates and submits the total
estimates for the previous year
to EPA.
Reductions are calculated compared
to a business-as-usual baseline which
uses the industry's 1990 emission
rate. The reduction in the emissions
rate is used to calculate the overall
greenhouse gas emissions reductions
from the program.
Subsequent to a series of meeting
with EPA, the industry began making
significant efforts to reduce HFC-23
emissions. All U.S. producers
participate in the program and all
reductions achieved by manufacturers
are assumed to result from the
program.
Environmental Stewardship
Program
Partners report emissions and
emissions reductions based on jointly
developed estimation methods and
reporting protocols. Data collection
methods are sector specific. Data are
submitted either directly to EPA or
through a third party.
Reductions are calculated compared
to business-as-usual baselines based
on industry-wide or company-specific
emissions rates in a base year. The
reductions in emissions rates
are used to calculate the overall
greenhouse gas emissions reductions
from the program.
The reductions from technologies
and process improvements
attributable to the partnership are
counted, but those developed without
the partnership's assistance are not.
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
47
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INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE PROTECTION AWARD WINNERS
In 1998, EPA established the Climate Protection Awards to recognize exceptional leadership,
personal dedication, and technical achievements in protecting the Earth's climate. In its first
eight years, 110 awards have been presented to individuals and organizations from 16
countries, including Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, France, India, Italy, Japan,
Mexico, Netherlands, South Korea, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States. This year,
17 individuals and organizations earned the award by crafting international, national, state, and
local policies; reducing energy consumption; and inventing technologies that protect the climate.
CLIMATE PROTECTION AWARD WINNERS
CORPORATE/GOVERNMENT
American Electric Power
Columbus, Ohio
City of Boulder
Colorado
The California Energy Commission
Sacramento, California
Cinergy Corp.
Cincinnati, Ohio
Connecticut Governor's Steering Committee
Connecticut
INDIVIDUALS
Mr. Sandeep Ganesh, Wmrock International
India
Ms. Sonia Hamel, Office of Commonwealth Development
Massachusetts
Dr. Hideki Nishida, Hitachi Displays
Mobara, Japan
ORGANIZATIONS/TEAMS
Improved Mobile Air Conditioning Organizing Team
USA
Tufts Climate Initiative
Massachusetts
Johnson Controls
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
3M
St. Paul, Minnesota
McDonald's, Coca-Cola, & Unilever Refrigerants
Naturally Partnership
UK and USA
Rhode Island Greenhouse Gas Stakeholders
Rhode Island
City of Syracuse
New York
United Technologies Corporation
Hartford, Connecticut
York International
York, Pennsylvania
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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BENEFITS OF VOLUNTARY PROGRAMS
Overall, the benefits from program partners' investments and
consumers' product purchases through the year 2004 can be
summarized as follows (also see Table ES-1):
• More than 790 million metric tons of greenhouse gas
emissions are being avoided through 2014.
• Consumers and businesses have locked in investments in
energy-efficient technologies of $22 billion.
• Net of the investments in energy-efficient technologies,
consumers and businesses are saving $ 115 billion
cumulatively through 2014.
The benefits and how they are derived are described below for
three key climate partnership program areas: ENERGY STAR,
Methane Programs, and High GWP Gas Programs. These
descriptions build on the Program Evaluation summaries
included earlier in each of the three program sections.
ENERGY STAR. The estimated benefits from the ENERGY
STAR program reflect the stream of energy savings that will
persist through 2014 due to technology investments and
product purchases made through the year 2004 by ENERGY
STAR partners and due to the effects of markets already
transformed. The persistence is calculated by maintaining the
energy savings achieved in 2004 through the year 2014. The
underlying assumption is that the lifetime of most building
improvements and product purchases is at least 10 years. For
those products with shorter lifetimes, such as computers, fax
machines, and audio equipment, "persistence" means that
once consumers buy ENERGY STAR qualified products, they
are expected to replace them with ENERGY STAR qualified
products. The benefits that can be attributed to pre-existing
trends are subtracted out of the estimated ENERGY STAR
benefits presented in this 2004 Annual Report.
In addition, EPA estimates the net present value (NPV) of
expenditures on energy-efficient technologies based on the
partners' or customers' cost of the energy-efficient equipment,
including the cost of financing.10 For ENERGY STAR
qualified products, expenditures were taken as the incremental
increase in cost, if any, of purchasing these products. For
ENERGY STAR Building and Industrial Improvements,
expenditures include the capital costs of upgrading a building
to ENERGY STAR specifications. Finally, the NPV of the net
savings is the difference between the NPV of energy bill
savings and the NPV of expenditures. It represents the net
value to partners and ENERGY STAR product consumers of
participating in the program.
The estimated benefits for the ENERGY STAR program from
1993 to 2014 are as follows:
Qualified Products and Homes
• Preventing 160 MMTCE in greenhouse gas emissions.
• Prompting investment of $5 billion in climate friendly
technologies.
• Providing energy bill savings net of investment of
$60 billion.
Building and Industrial Improvements
• Preventing 239 MMTCE in greenhouse gas emissions.
• Prompting investment of $13 billion in climate friendly
technologies.
• Providing energy bill savings net of investment of
$51 billion.
Methane Programs. The benefits for programs with a
small number of partners, such as Natural Gas STAR and
Landfill Methane, are calculated on a project-by-project basis
from the list of projects that the programs are known to have
affected. Energy bill savings include the revenue from the sale
of methane and/or the sale of electricity made from the
captured methane. The expenditures include the capital costs
agreed to by partners to bring projects into compliance with
the Methane programs' specifications and any additional
operating costs engendered by program participation. Both
energy bill savings and technology expenditures have been
placed in net present value terms. These programs are estimated
to have the following benefits from 1993 through 2014:
• Preventing 190 MMTCE in greenhouse gas emissions.
• Prompting about $5 billion in investment in climate
friendly technologies.
• Providing energy bill savings net of investment of $4 billion.
High GWP GaS Programs. The benefits for these programs
are derived from direct partner reports of the greenhouse gas
emissions the partners have avoided. Program partners are
expected to maintain their investments in technologies and
practices through 2014. Expenditures and financial savings in
the High GWP Gas Programs are proprietary and are not
included in the summary of economic benefits and
expenditures. The programs are estimated to have the
following benefits from 1993 through 2014:
• Preventing more than 180 MMTCE in greenhouse
gas emissions.
The energy savings for the year 2004 are estimated from information provided by the Division for the ENERGY STAR Building and Industrial Improvements
program and from information provided by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for ENERGY STAR Qualified Products.
10 The NPV of these expenditures was calculated using a 4-percent real discount rate and a 2004 perspective.
INVESTING IN OUR FUTURE
49
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COMPANIES AND ORGANIZATIONS MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT
3M 26, 48
Academy School District 20 21
Air Conditioning Contractors of America 17
Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers 24
Alterra Coffee Roasters 29
Ameresco Energy Services 35
Ameresco, Inc 36
American Electric Power 48
American Petroleum Institute 33
American Public Power Association 45
ANR Pipeline 39
Arizona Public Service 45
Astoria Homes 26
Austin Energy 26
Australian Greenhouse Office 45
Avista Advantage 26
Ball Corporation 27
Baxter International 27
Borden Chemical 28
BP 39
Building Performance Institute 6, 16, 17
Business Council of Fairfield County (CT) 22
California Institute of Technology 28
California Portland Cement Company 25, 26
California Public Employees'
Retirement System 22
California State Teachers' Retirement System 22
California State University at Hayward 29
Cambridge Homes 26
Cambridge Savings Bank 21
Canon U.S.A., Inc 26
CenterPoint Energy 14, 26
Chicago White Metal Casting 46
Cinergy Corp 48
City and County of San Francisco,
Moscone Convention Center 29
City of Boulder, Colorado 48
City of Syracuse, New York 48
ClifBar, Inc 29
College of the Atlantic 29
Colorado Interstate Gas 39
Colorado Springs School District 11 21, 22, 26
Columbia Gas Transmission Company 38
Columbia Gulf Transmission Company 38
Columbus Hospitality 21
Commonwealth Green Energy 36
Connecticut Governor's Steering Committee 48
Connecticut Light and Power 22
Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection 31
CONSOL Energy 41
Consortium for Energy Efficiency 17
Corral Farm Landfill 36
D.R. Horton, Inc 26
Dairyland Power Cooperative 29, 35
David Powers Homes 26
Devon Energy Corporation 38, 39
Douglas, Emmett & Company 21
Eastman Kodak Company 26
Eau Claire Energy Cooperative 35
Edwards Air Force Base 29
El Paso Natural Gas 39
El Paso Pipeline Group 39
Electric Power Research Institute 45
Ence Homes 14, 26
Enerdyne Power Systems, Inc 35
Energy Information Administration 6, 23
Energy Management Board of Connecticut 22
Energy Sense 26
Fairfield Research 14
Fauquier County, Virginia 36
First Environment, Inc 27
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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COMPANIES AND ORGANIZATIONS MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT
Food Lion, LLC 21, 23, 26
GE Consumer and Industrial—Appliances 26
GE Consumer and Industrial—Lighting 26
GE Transportation 27
Giant Eagle 20, 21, 26
Glenborough Realty Trust, Inc 21
Gorell Enterprises, Inc 26
Granger Energy, LLC 35
Granite Properties 21
Greater Rochester International Airport 28
Guaranteed Watt Saver Systems—West, Inc 26
GulfTerra Energy Partners L.R
(formerly El Paso Field Services) 38
Harbec Plastics, Inc 29
Hasbro, Inc 27
H.E. Butt Grocery Company 21
Hitachi Displays 44, 48
Honeywell Nylon 35
Improved Mobile Air Conditioning
Organizing Team 48
Interface, Inc 29
International Magnesium Association 45
Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry 44
Johnson & Johnson 28, 29
Johnson Controls 48
Kerr-McGee Oil & Gas Corporation 39
LaFarge North America 28
Lennox Industries Inc 26
Lowe's Companies, Inc 10, 15, 26
Lundberg Family Farms 29
Marriott International, Inc 26
Maryland Energy Administration 26
Mauna Lani Resort 29
Maytag Corporation 26
McDonald's, Coca-Cola, &
Unilever Refrigerants Naturally Partnership 48
MidAmerican Energy Company 26
Mississippi Department of Environmental Quality 36
Mobile Air Conditioning Society Worldwide 46
Montgomery County, Maryland 29
Morgan County Regional Landfill 35
Muskogee Public Schools 21
National Electrical Manufacturers Association 45
Nevada ENERGY STAR Partners 26
New Jersey Board of Public Utilities,
Office of Clean Energy 26
New York Power Authority 28
New York-Presbyterian Hospital 20, 21, 26
New York State Energy Research
and Development Authority 7, 13, 26
New York State Municipal Wind Buyers Group 29
Nicor Gas 22
NiSource Distribution Operations 38
Northeast ENERGY STAR Lighting
and Appliance Initiative 26
NSTAR 22
NSTAR Electric 26
Nucor Corporation 35
Office of Commonwealth
Development, Massachusetts 48
Ohio Department of Development 32
Onyx Waste Services 35
Pacific Gas & Electric Company 26
Panasonic 26
Pardee Homes 16, 26
Parkway Properties 21
Pepco Energy Services 36
Pioneer Natural Resources USA 39
Portland Cement Association 24
Puget Sound Clean Air Agency 32
Rhode Island Greenhouse Gas Stakeholders 48
Roche Group U.S. Affiliates 27
Rodney Strong Vineyards 29
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51
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COMPANIES AND ORGANIZATIONS MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT
Salt Lake City, Utah 29 United Technologies Corporation 48
San Diego Gas & Electric 26 USAA Real Estate Company 21, 23, 26
Sea Gull Lighting Products, Inc 26 Veridian Homes 26
Sears, Roebuck and Co 26 Waste Management, Inc 35
Servidyne Systems, LLC 26 Waukesha Engines 35
Shell Exploration and Production Company 38 Whirlpool Corporation 26
Society of Automotive Engineers 46 WhiteWave Foods 29
Southern California Edison Company 26, 45 Whole Foods Market 29
Southern California Gas Company 26 Winrock International 48
Southern Natural Gas 39 Wisconsin Focus on Energy 26
Staples, Inc 29 World LCD Industry Cooperation Committee 44
Sylvania 22, 26 World Semiconductor Council 44
Tennessee Gas Pipeline 39 Yale University 28
The Aluminum Association 43 York International 48
The California Energy Commission 48
The Collins Companies 27
The Hartford 21
The Home Depot 26
The Saunders Hotel Group 21, 26
The Vanguard Group 21
The World Bank 21
Toyota Motor of North America 24
Toyota Motor Manufacturing North America, Inc 26
Transwestern Commercial Services 26
Trigen-Cinergy Solutions of Silver Grove, LLC 28
Tufts Climate Initiative 48
TXU Electric Delivery 26
U.S. Department of Agriculture 42
U.S. Department
of Energy 5, 9, 11, 14, 16, 19, 24, 41, 45
U.S. Department of Housing and
Urban Development 14, 16
U.S. General Services Administration, Region 2 29
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CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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REFERENCES
Builder Magazine. 2003. "Builder 100." May. Published by Hanley Wood, LLC.
Available online at www.builderonline.com.
Climate Protection Partnerships Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2005.
Partner and emissions data for 2004 provided by individual programs within the Climate
Protection Partnerships, Office of Atmospheric Programs.
Consortium for Energy Efficiency (GEE). 2005. National Awareness of ENERGY STAR
for 2004: Analysis ofCEE Household Survey.
Available online at www.ceel.org/eval/2004_ES_survey_rep.pdf
Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2004. Annual Energy Review 2004. Office of
Markets and End Use. Available online at www.eia.doe.gov/aer/contents.html.
(DOE/EIA-0384(2004).
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Program Effects." The Energy Journal Vol 25, Spring (2): 115-137.
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Industrial Partners. Prepared for EPAs Climate Protection Partnerships.
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of Climate Change. J.T. Houghton, L.G. Meira Filho, B.A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg,
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INVESTING IN OUR 53
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FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure ES-1. Greenhouse gas emissions avoided compared to program goals 2
Figure ES-2. Annual savings in energy use as a result of EPA's partnership
programs 4
Figure ES-3. Since 2000, ENERGY STAR savings have nearly doubled 5
Figure ES-4. Annual greenhouse gas emissions avoided can be more than doubled
by 2012 6
Figure 5. U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by sector and by gas 8
Figure 6. Partner actions are projected to maintain methane emissions below
1990 levels through 2012 33
Figure 7. Partner actions can maintain voluntary program sector emissions of
high global warming potential gases at or below 1990 levels
through 2012 43
Table ES-1. Summary of the benefits for 2004 and cumulative benefits through 2014
from the actions taken by partners through 2004 3
Table 2. Global warming potentials (GWPs) and atmospheric lifetimes
of greenhouse gases 8
Table 3. ENERGY STAR Program: Annual Goals and Achievements 11
Table 4. Methane Programs: Annual Goals and Achievements 40
Table 5. High GWP Gas Programs: Annual Goals and Achievements 46
54 CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS 2004 ANNUAL REPORT
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United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Air and Radiation 6202J
EPA 430-R-05-010
www.epa.gov
September 2005
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