ENERGY STAR® and Other
Climate Protection Partnerships
ENERGY STAR 2005 Annual Report
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
-------
ENERGY STAR® AND OTHER CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIPS
2005 ANNUAL REPORT
CONTENTS
Letter from the EPA Administrator 1
Executive Summary 2
Highlights of 2005 2
Key Program Accomplishments for 2005 4
2006 and Beyond 6
Introduction 8
Climate Leaders 12
ENERGY STAR Program 14
ENERGY STAR in the Residential Sector 20
ENERGY STAR in the Commercial Sector 30
ENERGY STAR in the Industrial Sector 38
Clean Energy Supply Programs 44
Green Power Partnership 44
Combined Heat and Power Partnership 46
State and Local Programs and Initiatives 48
Clean Energy-Environment State Partnership 48
Clean Energy and Utility Regulatory Policies 50
Methane Programs 52
Natural Gas STAR Program 52
Coalbed Methane Outreach Program 54
Landfill Methane Outreach Program 56
High Global Warming Potential Gas Programs 60
Calculating Voluntary Program Benefits 67
Companies and Organizations Mentioned in This Report 68
List of Figures and Tables 72
References . . .Back Cover
For additional information, please visit our Web sites at www.epa.gov/cppd, www.energystar.gov,
www.epa.gov/methane, and www.epa.gov/highgwp.
-------
LETTER FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR
October 2006
I am pleased to present this report on EPA's climate change strategies at work. Through the
efforts of EPA and our partners, we are successfully implementing the President's aggressive yet
practical plan to dramatically reduce our nation's greenhouse gas emissions, while continuing to
grow the American economy.
Whether running a business or a household, Americans are realizing that getting the most out
of their energy dollars just makes sense. And by making smart energy choices, millions of
people are saving billions of dollars each year. In fact, in 2005 alone, Americans, with the help
of ENERGY STAR, saved $12 billion on their energy bills, while preventing the greenhouse
gas emissions equivalent to those from 23 million vehicles—the number of all the cars in
California and Illinois combined.
As EPA partners with more states, businesses, and public utilities, investments in clean
energy also continue to grow. In 2005, more than 600 of our Green Power partners purchased
4 million megawatt-hours of green power, and since 2001, our 170 Combined Heat and
Power partners have installed 3,500 megawatts of clean energy capacity—demonstrating that
the market for clean and renewable energy has never been stronger.
In addition, through our Climate Leaders program, EPA is encouraging individual companies
to set corporate-wide greenhouse gas reduction goals, develop comprehensive long-term
reduction strategies, and inventory their emissions to determine progress. In 2005, Climate
Leaders grew to 78 corporate partners whose greenhouse gas emissions represent 8 percent of
the U.S. total.
Finally, EPA's partners have significantly reduced their methane and other potent greenhouse
gas emissions to well below 1990 levels. The reduction of non-CO2 gases totaled 26 million
metric tons of carbon equivalent in 2005, almost 16 percent of the total non-CO2 emissions.
Even as the economy grows, we expect our partners to continue fulfilling their environmental
commitments by reducing their climate footprints in cost-effective ways.
Through ENERGY STAR and our other voluntary programs, EPA is encouraging consumers
and businesses to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions, while contributing to a growing
economy. By working with our partners, EPA is helping deliver America a brighter, healthier,
and more prosperous future.
Sincerely,
Stephen L. Johnson
Administrator
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 1
-------
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's)
climate protection partnership programs continue to play
an important role in reducing emissions of greenhouse
gases (GHGs) that contribute to global climate change.
EPA's programs are well-designed efforts that address
identified market barriers, accelerate the adoption of
proven technologies and practices, and deliver substantial
emissions reductions. Greater investments in energy
efficiency, clean energy supply, and other climate-friendly
technologies provide cost-effective, near-term means for
protecting our global environment, in addition to
combating higher utility bills and hedging against
volatility in electricity and natural gas markets.
By 2005, these programs had more than a decade of success
delivering environmental and economic results (see Table 1
and Figure 1). A diverse and growing set of partner organizations
have delivered sizeable emissions reductions and made
significant progress towards meeting the President's
greenhouse gas intensity1 reduction goal for 2012.
Highlights of 2005
• The Administration's corporate leadership program,
Climate Leaders, grew to 78 companies; about half of
them have announced aggressive GHG reduction
targets for the future; and five companies announced
they had achieved previously set goals.
• Americans, with the help of ENERGY STAR,
prevented greenhouse gas emissions equivalent
to those from about 23 million vehicles and saved
more than $12 billion on their energy bills (see Figure
2), more than double the savings in 2000. The program
is on track to more than double these benefits again in
10 years.
• Some 600 partners in the Green Power Partnership
purchased more than 4 billion kilowatt-hours (kWh)
of renewable energy as a strategy for demonstrating
environmental leadership.
• EPA joined with 11 states in a new partnership to help
state decisionmakers explore clean energy policies that
can best meet state environmental and economic
objectives.
• Utility regulators—together with utilities, EPA and
DOE, and other key stakeholders—kicked off a new
initiative, The National Action Plan for Energy
Efficiency, to identify approaches to overcome many of
the regulatory, policy, and information barriers that
have hindered greater investment in energy efficiency.
• The domestic methane (CH4) programs exceeded their
emissions reductions goals in 2005 and kept national
methane emissions to well below 1990 levels.
• The partnerships focusing on high global warming
potential (GWP) gases have kept national emissions
levels to well below 1990 levels.
The environmental and economic benefits of many of
EPA's climate partnership programs2 as of 2005 are
presented below and in Table 1:
• The partnership programs prevented 63 million metric
tons (in MMTCE3) of greenhouse gas emissions in
2005, equivalent to the annual emissions from
42 million vehicles (see Figure 1).
• More than 800 MMTCE are being avoided through
2015 due to investments and actions already taken by
partners in EPA's climate protection partnerships.
• Consumers and businesses have locked in investments
in energy-efficient technologies exceeding $38 billion.
• Net of their investment in energy-efficient technologies,
consumers and businesses are saving $130 billion
cumulatively over the next 10 years, having saved about
$13 billion in 2005 alone.
These programs continue to be a cost-effective approach
for reducing U.S. GHG emissions. Every federal dollar
spent on these partnership programs through 2005 means:
• Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions of
1.0 metric ton of carbon equivalent (3-7 tons of
carbon dioxide (CO2)).
• Savings for partners and consumers of more than
$75 on their energy bills.
• The creation of more than $15 in private sector investment.
• A net addition of more than $60 into the economy.
NOTE: The data source for all figures and tables in this 2005 Annual Report is EPA's Climate Protection Partnership Programs
unless otherwise noted.
1 Greenhouse gas intensity is the ratio of greenhouse gas emissions to economic output (measured by the gross domestic product). For more information on the Administration's
goal, see http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/02/climatechange.html.
2 This report provides results for the Climate Protection Partnership Programs operated by the Office of Atmospheric Programs at EPA. It does not include emissions reductions
attributable to WasteWise, transportation programs, the Significant New Alternatives Program, or the landfill rule, which are the remaining actions in EPA's comprehensive climate
program. EPA estimates the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions across the entire set of climate programs to be more than 86 MMTCE in 2005.
3 Million metric tons of carbon equivalent (MMTCE). Reductions in annual greenhouse gas emissions for EPA's climate programs, including non-C02 gases, are based on "carbon
equivalents," which are determined by weighting the reductions in emissions of a gas by its global warming potential fora 100-year time period.
-------
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
TABLE 1. BENEFITS FROM PARTNER ACTIONS IN 2005 AND CUMULATIVE BENEFITS THROUGH 2015 FROM
PARTNER ACTIONS THROUGH 2005 (IN BILLIONS OF 2005 DOLLARS AND MMTCE)
BENEFITS FOR
NET
SAVINGS
PROGRAM (BILLION $)
ENERGY STAR Total $12.6
Qualified Products $6.8
and Homes
Buildings $4.6
Industry $1.2
Clean Energy
Supply Programs
Methane Programs $0.4
High GWP Gas Programs
TOTAL $13.0
PV: Present Value
EMISSIONS
AVOIDED
(MMTCE)
34.2
15.2
14.8
4.2
3 1
14.2
11.5
63.0
CUMULATIVE BENEFITS 1993-2015
PVOF
BILL SAVINGS
(BILLION $)
$160.5
$73.6
$69.9
$16.9
$7.7
$168.2
PVOF
TECHNOLOGY
EXPENDITURES
(BILLION $)
$35.4
$8.7
$24.5
$2.3
na
$2.8
na
$38.2
NOTES: Technology Expenditures include O&M expenses for Methane Programs. Bill Savings and Net Savings include
PVOF
NET SAVINGS
(BILLION $)
$125.1
$64.9
$45.5
$14.7
$4.9
$130
EMISSIONS
AVOIDED
(MMTCE)
399
157
167
74
38
209
192
838
revenue from sales of methane and electricity.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding. For details on cumulative benefits, see page 67.
Not applicable
Not available
FIGURE 1. MORE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AVOIDED EACH YEAR THROUGH PARTNER ACTIONS
2000
TOTAL HIGH GWP SAVINGS
| TOTALCH4 SAVINGS
| TOTALC02 SAVINGS
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
FIGURE 2. SINCE 2000, ENERGY STAR BENEFITS HAVE MORE THAN DOUBLED
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
UTILITY BILL SAVINGS
(in billions)
21
23
16
11
I I
• I I I
I • I I I
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
EMISSIONS AVOIDED IN
VEHICLE EQUIVALENTS (in millions)
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 3
-------
Key Program Accomplishments for 2005
Key 2005 accomplishments for Climate Leaders,
ENERGY STAR, Clean Energy Supply Programs,
State and Local Programs, Methane Programs, and the
High Global Warming Potential Gas Programs are
provided below.
Climate Leaders. The number of Climate Leaders
partners grew to 78, an increase of about 20 percent over
2004. By year end, half of the partners had announced
GHG reduction goals; and were recognized in an EPA-
sponsored public service announcement (PSA) that ran
in 13 publications with a combined circulation of
5.2 million (see p. 5). In addition, five Climate Leaders
partners met their initial GHG reduction goals, the first
ones to do so since the program launch in 2002.
ENERGY STAR. Americans, with the help of ENERGY
STAR, saved a significant amount of energy in 2005—
150 billion kWh and 28 gigawatts (GW) of peak power,
equivalent to the generation capacity of 50 new power
plants. This energy savings represents an increase of about
20 percent over the prior year and more than a doubling
since 2000. Accomplishments across the residential,
commercial, and industrial sectors include:
• EPA, along with the U.S. Department of Energy
(DOE) and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban
Development (HUD), announced the new Partnerships
for Home Energy Efficiency to coordinate and leverage
their efforts with a goal of saving homeowners 10
percent on their energy bills by 2015-
• EPA introduced new ENERGY STAR specifications for
external power adapters and updated specifications for
air source heat pumps, central air conditioners, cordless
phones, dehumidifiers, and light fixtures. Participation
grew to over 1,500 manufacturers using the ENERGY
STAR on a total of 35,000 individual product models
across more than 50 different product categories.
• More than 500,000 ENERGY STAR qualified new
homes have been constructed by more than 2,500
builder partners to date, locking in annual savings of
$120 million for homeowners. About one in ten new
homes now qualify for the ENERGY STAR.
• Home Performance with ENERGY STAR, a new
whole home audit and retrofit program offering
homeowners significant energy bill savings, has
expanded as states and utilities look for additional
opportunities to achieve energy savings and reduce
peak loads.
• EPA launched the ENERGY STAR Challenge, calling
on businesses and institutions to reduce commercial
building energy use by 10 percent or more. More than
half of the states and the District of Columbia (D.C.)
along with over 20 major associations are participating
in the Challenge. In addition, EPA recognized 20
organizations as ENERGY STAR Leaders for
improving the energy performance of their building
portfolios by 10, 20, or 30 points or more and for
sharing how to meet or go beyond the ENERGY STAR
Challenge goals. These efforts added to the growing
momentum of EPA's whole building energy performance
benchmarking system. By late 2005, about 26,000 buildings
had been rated for energy performance, and more than
2,500 buildings across the nation had earned the
ENERGY STAR label for superior energy performance.
• In the industrial sector, EPA continued to convene
Industry Focuses to develop key energy management
tools and improve energy efficiency in the automobile,
brewing, cement, corn refining, food processing, glass
manufacturing, pharmaceutical, petroleum, and water/
wastewater industries.
Clean Energy Supply. EPA's clean energy supply
programs grew in the number of partners involved, in
the number of clean energy projects installed, and in
emissions avoided.
• The Combined Heat and Power Partnership grew to
170 partners and has helped facilitate CHP projects
totaling 3,500 megawatts (MW) of CHP capacity.
• Since its inception in 2001, the number of Green
Power partners has increased to over 600 organizations
that have made a combined commitment to purchase
more than 4 million megawatt-hours (MWh) of green
power annually.
State and Local Government Programs. EPA
initiated new efforts that reflect the needs of state officials
and encouraged them to develop and implement clean
energy strategies. These efforts include:
• A new Clean Energy-Environment State Partnership
rolled out with 11 state charter partners.
• A final draft of a new Clean Energy and Environment
Guide to Action, which identifies and describes 16 clean
energy policies and strategies that states have used to
meet their clean energy objectives.
• A new effort, in partnership with DOE, to bring utility
regulators together with utilities and other key stakeholders
to identify sound business approaches for expanding
investment in energy efficiency and to develop a
National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency.
Methane and High Global Warming Potential
(GWP) Gas Programs. EPA's programs for the more
potent greenhouse gases continued to grow in the breadth
of their partnerships and emissions avoided.
-------
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
EPA RECOGNITION FOR CLIMATE LEADERS PARTNERS WITH ANNOUNCED GHG REDUCTION GOALS IN 2005
Total circulation of 5.2 million in 13 publications
75EEASONS
TOOwNA
EPA conpatuiatK these corporate fwders fw wtti ng goal? to wduee bi Hions of pounds
of greenhouse gas emissions. It's the equivalent of eliminating the annual emissions of
5 millwn cars, tow, that's a healthy diet which can benefit us all. To Team i>cw your
CLIMATED
LEADERS
3M
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
American Electric Power
Ball Corporation
Baltimore Aircoil Company
Bank of America Corporation
Baxter International
Calpine
Caterpillar Inc.
Cinergy Corp,
The Collins Companies
Eastman Kodak Cdmpany
EMC Corporation
First Environment. Inc.
FPL Group. Inc.
Frito Lay. inc.
Gap Inc.
General Electric Company
General Motors Corporation
Green Mountain Energy Company
Hasbro. Inc,
Haworth. Inc.
Holcim (USJ Inc
IBM Corporation
Interface, Ing.
International Paper
Johnson & Johnson
Lochheed Martin Corporation
Mack Trucks, Inc.
Marriott International, Fnc.
Melaver, Inc.
Miller Brewing Company
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
Oracle Corporation
Pfizer, Inc.
PSEG
Roche Group US Affiliates
SC Johnson
Staples, Inc.
St, Lawrence Cement
5T Microsystems, line.
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
United Technologies Corporation
Volvo Trucks North America
Xerox Corporation
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 5
-------
• The reduction of non-CO2 gases totaled nearly
26 MMTCE in 2005- EPA's voluntary methane
partnerships, in conjunction with a regulatory
program to limit air emissions from the nation's largest
landfills, kept national methane emissions to well
below 1990 levels. Public-private industry partnerships
are also substantially reducing U.S. emissions of the
high global warming potential (GWP) gases released
as byproducts of industrial operations. High GWP gas
emissions and methane emissions are projected to
remain well below 1990 levels through the year 2012.
International Climate Protection Awards. EPA,
working with a team of reviewers from around the world,
recognized 13 leading organizations and individuals for
their leadership in addressing global climate change issues
(see p. 63).
2006 AND BEYOND
As EPA expands these programs and partnerships, the
resulting environmental benefits are expected to nearly
double in the next 10 years, from 63 MMTCE in 2005 to
almost 120 MMTCE in 2015 (see Table 2 and Figure 3),
with continued funding at current levels. For 2006 and
beyond, EPA's near-term plans for the key partnership
program areas are summarized below:
Climate Leaders. Approach the 100 partner milestone,
of which about half will have publicly stated their GHG
reduction goals.
ENERGY STAR. Make major advancements across the
residential, commercial, and industrial sectors including:
• Continuing efforts to maintain the integrity of the
ENERGY STAR name and logo, as required under the
Energy Policy Act of 2005 among other laws, and
providing a new report on these efforts.
• Working with manufacturers, retailers, home builders
and raters, utilities, and states in broad education on
the benefits of ENERGY STAR qualified products, new
homes, and commercial buildings.
• Adding battery chargers to the ENERGY STAR family
of products; updating ENERGY STAR specifications for
five or more products; and implementing a more
stringent specification for ENERGY STAR qualified
new homes, the first major revision since the mid 1990s.
• Expanding Home Performance with ENERGY STAR
to new regions of the country and developing a new
energy service program for quality installation of
heating and cooling systems.
• Increasing energy savings in the commercial and
industrial sector by engaging more organizations and
associations in the ENERGY STAR Challenge, the
EPA building benchmarking system, and recognition
opportunities; expanding partnerships with the industrial
sector by convening more than 10 sector-specific
Industry Focuses; developing Energy Performance
Indicators (EPIs) and other technical assistance tools;
making the ENERGY STAR label available to energy-
efficient industrial facilities for which EPIs have been
developed; and broadly encouraging energy management
as a strategic business issue.
• Renewing the ENERGY STAR agreement with the
European Union, through which the revised
specifications for computers and imaging equipment
would be adopted.
Clean Energy Supply. Assist partners of the Combined
Heat and Power Partnership with more than 30 new CHP
projects, facilitating the development of over 800 MW of
new CHP capacity; and engage 50 new organizations in
the Green Power Partnership, bringing the total to more than
650 partners and increasing green power purchasing
commitments.
State and Local Government Programs. Assist state
decisionmakers by:
• Releasing the final Clean Energy and Environment Guide to
Action to help states take advantage of the environmental
and economic benefits that clean energy offers.
• Adding two to three new partners to the Clean Energy-
Environment State Partnership Program.
• Facilitating the National Action Plan for Energy
Efficiency in conjunction with DOE. Key milestones
include the development and release of major
recommendations and the announcement by the
Leadership Group and others of the actions they will
take to advance energy efficiency in their areas
of business.
Methane and High Global Warming Potential
(GWP) Gas Programs. Continue:
• Working aggressively with existing partner companies
to expand their methane emissions reduction projects
within their companies and maintain overall methane
emissions below 1990 levels.
• Implementing agreements to reduce greenhouse gas
intensity for the aluminum, magnesium, and
semiconductor sectors as part of the Climate VISION
initiative (see Table 3).
-------
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
TABLE 2. GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTION GOALS FOR EPA CLIMATE PARTNERSHIP PROGRAMS OVER
THE NEXT 10 YEARS (MMTCE)
PROGRAM*
ENERGY STAR**
Clean Energy Supply
Programs
Methane Programs
High GWP Programs
TOTAL
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
2005
34.2
3.1
14.2
11.5
63
GOALS
2012
52
8
18
19
97
2015
64
12
20
22
118
1 This report provides results for the Climate Protection Partnership Programs operated by the Office of Atmospheric Programs at EPA. It does not include
emissions reductions attributable to WasteWise, transportation programs, the Significant New Alternatives Program, or the landfill rule, which are the
remaining actions in EPA's comprehensive climate program. EPA estimates the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions across the entire set of climate programs
to be more than 86 MMTCE in 2005.
** Does not include ENERGY STAR products managed by DOE.
FIGURE 3. EPA CLIMATE PARTNERSHIP PROGRAMS CAN NEARLY DOUBLE EMISSIONS AVOIDED BY 2015
120
100
1996 1998
YEARS 1995-2015
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014 2015
NOTE: Historical totals updated based on most recent data available.
TABLE 3. CLIMATE VISION* GOALS FOR EPA'S HIGH GWP GAS PROGRAMS
EPA PROGRAM
Voluntary Aluminum Industrial
Partnership (VAIP)
The SF6 Emission Reduction
Partnership for the
Magnesium Industry
The PFC Reduction/Climate
Partnership for the
Semiconductor Industry
CLIMATE VISION GOAL
Has committed to achieving a direct carbon intensity reduction of
53% from 1990 levels by 2010.
Has committed to eliminating SF6 emissions by 2010.
Has committed to reducing absolute perfluorocompound (PFC) emissions by
10% below the 1995 baseline level by the end of 2010.
' Voluntary Innovative Sector Initiatives: Opportunities Now
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 7
-------
INTRODUCTION
EPA's climate protection partnership programs promote
successful strategies and practical solutions to help
Americans reduce energy use, save money, and protect the
environment. These programs have produced sizeable
benefits over more than 10 years throughout the commercial,
industrial, and residential sectors due to the efforts of
thousands of committed partners. These programs play an
important role in efforts to achieve President Bush's goal of
an 18-percent reduction in greenhouse gas intensity by 2012
and are more important than ever as rising energy prices
become a major concern for U.S. businesses and consumers.
Greater investments in energy efficiency, clean energy, and
other climate-friendly technologies provide a cost-effective,
near-term means to protect our global environment and,
in many cases, to combat higher utility bills and hedge
against volatility in electricity and natural gas markets.
EPA's suite of climate protection partnership programs is
designed to overcome existing market barriers that limit
greater investment in these technologies and practices by
providing objective information and technical assistance to
partners and the public and recognition for environmental
leadership to those organizations taking measurable steps
to reduce their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (see
Table 4). The programs summarized in this report4 focus
on the following opportunities:
Corporate Commitments for Managing
GHG Emissions
Climate Leaders—most of f"*I I t\A AT"C
which are major corporations I EXVDER*
and industry leaders—are u-8- Environmental era**™ Aa«icy
earning recognition for their environmental stewardship
and leadership in helping the country reach its greenhouse
gas intensity reduction goal. These companies have
committed to aggressively reducing their impact on the
global environment by completing a comprehensive
inventory of their greenhouse gas emissions, setting
ambitious long-term reduction goals, and systematically
reporting their progress to EPA. To meet these targets, the
Climate Leaders make investments in three areas—energy
efficiency, clean energy, and emissions reductions in the
non-carbon dioxide (CO2) greenhouse gases.
ENERGYSTAR
Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency—obtaining the
identical services or output (e.g.,
heating, cooling, and lighting) for
less energy input—is a proven
means of producing immediate and
measurable environmental and
financial benefits. For more than a decade, EPA has
promoted cost-effective investments to improve energy
efficiency at work and at home through the ENERGY
STAR program. Energy efficiency helps the nation:
• Avoid carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, the primary
greenhouse gas (see Figure 4).
• Save on energy bills through cost-effective investments
in energy-efficient products and services that offer
businesses and households savings of up to 20 to 30
percent.
• Improve electricity reliability and lower the volatility
of energy prices.
*EPA
GREEN
POWER
A EPA COMBINED HEAT AND
POWER PARTNERSHIP
Clean Energy Supply
EPA has joined with numerous
organizations to promote greater
purchase of electricity derived
from renewable energy and greater
investment in combined heat and
power. In each of these efforts, EPA
is collaborating with partners to
minimize transaction costs, provide technical assistance,
and encourage greater use of technologies that significantly
reduce greenhouse gas emissions from energy generation.
State Energy Policies
EPA works with state and local
energy policymakers to explore the
role that a variety of clean energy
policies can play in meeting
environmental and economic
objectives. EPA provides state and local government
agencies with information and resources to support the
evaluation and implementation of these policies.
Clean EnergyEnvironmant
STATE PARTNERSHIP
4 This report provides results for the Climate Protection Partnership Programs operated by the Office of Atmospheric Programs at EPA. It does not include emissions reductions
attributable to WasteWise, transportation programs, the Significant New Alternatives Program, or the landfill rule, which are the remaining actions in EPA's comprehensive climate
program. EPA estimates the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions across the entire set of climate programs to be more than 86 MMTCE in 2005.
-------
INTRODUCTION
TABLE 4. MARKET BARRIERS ADDRESSED BY ERA'S CLIMATE PARTNERSHIP PROGRAMS
AUDIENCE OR
TARGET MARKET
Energy Consumers
Utilities
Industries with
Byproduct GHG
Emissions *
State Policy and
Decisionmakers
MARKET BARRIERS
ADDRESSED
Lack of information about energy
efficiency options
Competing claims in the marketplace
Accessing objective measurement tools
Minimizing transaction costs
Reliable technical assistance
Peer exchange opportunities
Overcoming split incentives
Understanding organizational risks
Incentives for action through recognition
Accessing objective measurement tools
Lack of information about energy efficiency
program costs and benefits
Disincentives for energy efficiency in existing
regulations and energy planning processes
Reliable technical assistance
Peer exchange opportunities
Incentives for action through recognition
Lack of information about clean energy policies
Reliable technical assistance
Incentives for action through recognition
CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM
CLIMATE ENERGY GREEN COMBINED HEAT
LEADERS STAR POWER AND POWER
•
• •
• •
• • • •
• • • •
• • • •
•
• •
• • • •
• • • •
National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency
National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency
Climate Leaders
Methane Partnerships
High GWP Partnerships
Clean Energy-Environment State Partnership
National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency
' Includes utilities.
FIGURE 4. U.S. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS BY SECTOR AND GAS
AGRICULTURAL
73%
INDUSTRIAL
29.7%
RESIDENTIAL
16.7%
CO2 85% of TOTAL
Methane/Nitrous Oxide 13% of TOTAL
} MFCs, PFCs, and SF6 2% of TOTAL
COMMERCIAL
17.1%
TRANSPORTATION
27.7%
NOTE: Totals may not add to 100% due to independent rounding.
Source: EPA 2006
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 9
-------
Non-C02 GHG Emissions Reductions
EPA's climate partnerships are substantially reducing U.S.
emissions of methane and other high global warming
potential (GWP) gases released as byproducts of industrial
operations.
• Methane (CH4) is a much sought-after clean fuel; at
the same time, it is a potent greenhouse gas. When
methane emissions can be captured cost-effectively, the
recovered methane represents a valuable energy source
that can be used or sold. EPA works with the natural
gas, coal mining, and landfill gas development
industries to help them capture and use methane
wherever cost-effective.
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs),
and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) are all potent greenhouse
gases; on a molecule per molecule basis they have a
greater ability than CO2 to trap heat in the earth's
atmosphere. Various U.S. industries—including
aluminum, magnesium, semiconductor, electric utilities,
and those engaged in mobile air conditioning—are
working with EPA to avoid significant accumulation of
these long-lived, high GWP gases in the atmosphere.
Sh Emission Reduction
Partnershipfor the Magnesium Industry
The Benefits of Partnering
The thousands of businesses and organizations that have
joined EPA's climate partnership programs are seizing
numerous opportunities to reduce the environmental
impacts of their own and their customers' activities and
thereby serve as environmental leaders. Every year the
benefits of these programs grow as a result of partner
actions and investments (see Table 5).
This 2005 Annual Report provides detailed information
on each of the program areas mentioned in this
introduction and summarized at right, including program
overviews, environmental and economic benefits achieved
in 2005, and goals for the future. EPA makes it a priority
to achieve quantifiable program results and uses well-
established methods to estimate the environmental and
economic benefits of its climate partnership programs.
Specific approaches vary by program depending on
program strategy, sector, market size and structure, and the
availability of data (see pages 42, 43, 46, 59, and 63). For
each program, EPA addresses common issues that arise
when estimating program benefits, such as data quality,
double counting, mitigating free-ridership, and accounting
for market effects, among others. The information
presented in this report is similar to much of the
information used in the U.S. Office of Management and
Budget (OMB) Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART)
evaluation, which found these EPA programs to be
achieving their goals.
10
-------
INTRODUCTION
TABLE 5. OVERVIEW OF EPA CLIMATE PARTNERSHIP PROGRAMS REVIEWED IN THIS ANNUAL REPORT WITH
GREENHOUSE GAS REDUCTIONS SINCE 2000
PROGRAM
GHGs
ADDRESSED
KEY
SECTOR(S)
SCOPE OF PARTNERS
AS OF 2005
GHG REDUCTIONS
(MMTCE)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Climate Leaders
All
Commercial,
Industrial
78
Climate Leaders' reductions are reflected
in the data shown for other programs.
ENERGY STAR
C02
Residential,
Commercial,
Industrial
8,000
15.4 18.6 22.7 26.6 30.5 34.2
Clean Energy-
Environment State
Partnership
CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY
Green Power
CO,
CO2
Combined Heat and
Power
METHANE PROGRAMS
Natural Gas STAR
CO,
CH4
State
Government
Commercial,
Industrial
Commercial,
Industrial
Natural Gas
11
600
New in 2005
170
56% of industry
N/A N/A 0.5 1.0 2.0 3.1
4.1 5.0 5.8 5.9 6.7 7.5
Coalbed Methane
Outreach Program
(CMOP)
CH4
Coal Mining
N/A
1.6 1.7 1.9 1.7 1.8 2.2
Landfill Methane
Outreach Program
(LMOP)
CH4
HIGH GWP GAS PROGRAMS
Voluntary Aluminum
Industrial Partnership
Waste
Management
Aluminum
Smelting
490
98% of industry
3.2 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.4 4.5
2.0 2.1 1.8 2.2 2.2 2.3
HFC-23 Partnership
MFCs
Chemical
Industry
100% of industry
4.7 5.1 4.5 6.1 6.4 6.2
Stewardship
Programs
SF6
PFCs
Magnesium
Production,
Semiconductor
Manufacturing,
Electric Power
Systems
50%-100%
of industry
0.8 0.8 1.3 1.8 3.1 3.0
Mobile Air
Conditioning (MAC)
Partnership
C02
MFCs
MAC Industry
N/A
Working toward technology
improvement goals
NOTE: Historical totals updated based on most recent data available.
N/A: Not applicable.
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 11
-------
CLIMATE LEADERS
Corporate Commitments to Emissions
Reductions
CLIMATE
Since 2002, the Climate
Leaders program has
provided valuable guidance u-8- fmnmtntaM Prowctton Agency
and recognition to leading companies across many
industries to help them develop and implement long-term
comprehensive climate change strategies. By joining the
partnership, these companies commit to completing a
comprehensive inventory of their greenhouse gas
emissions, setting aggressive long-term reduction goals,
and reporting their progress to EPA using clear
measurement protocols.
Companies use EPA's tools, expertise, and resources to
make informed decisions about cost-effective strategies
and practical portfolio investments in energy efficiency,
clean energy, and non-CO2 emissions reductions. EPA
continuously tracks progress through a variety of means,
and EPA ensures the credibility of reported data through
detailed data reviews and site visits.
Climate Leaders partners have made substantial progress
in the 4 years since the program was launched (see Table
6). By the end of 2005, five partners had achieved their
initial Climate Leaders reduction goals, many companies
had established emissions reductions goals, and many new
companies had joined.
Achievements in 2005
• The number of Climate Leaders partners grew to
78, an increase of about 20 percent in just one year,
with the addition of 14 new corporate partners. These
companies represent approximately 8 percent of U.S.
GHG emissions.
• Five partners met their initial Climate Leaders GHG
reduction goals, the first ones to do so since the
program was launched in 2002 (see Table 7). Once
companies reach their initial targets, they will continue
working with EPA to establish new goals.
• The total number of corporate GHG goals announced
though 2005 grew to 38, including the 13 organizations
that announced new GHG reduction goals last year
(see Table 8). About half of the companies in the
partnership now have publicly announced GHG goals.
• EPA estimates that GHG reductions by Climate
Leaders partners will prevent more than 9 million
metric tons of carbon equivalent per year relative to
typical improvement activities. These reductions are
equivalent to the annual emissions of more than
6 million vehicles.
• Sixty partners submitted initial GHG inventories to
EPA, a necessary step for many organizations prior to
establishing an emissions reduction goal. EPA technical
experts performed 30 site visits to review partner GHG
inventories and Inventory Management Plans and
recommend improvements.
• EPA issued the first edition of the Climate Leaders
Design Principles and released sector-specific inventory
protocols, Inventory Management Plan tools, and draft
offset protocols to provide rigorous yet flexible
accounting principles and help companies manage
their GHG emissions.
• EPA recognized those partners that have set emissions
reduction goals through a public service announcement
(PSA) that ran in 13 publications with a combined
circulation of more than 5-2 million (see p. 5).
What to Expect in 2006 and Beyond
EPA's Climate Leaders program expects to welcome
20 additional Climate Leaders partners each year,
approaching the milestone of 100 Climate Leaders in
2006, and to announce 20 new corporate GHG reduction
targets each year. Three more companies are poised to
achieve their corporate climate change goals in 2006, and
EPA will collaborate with these partners to develop new
corporate recognition opportunities for companies that
achieve major milestones. EPA technical experts will field-
test and finalize inventory guidance for GHG emissions
offset projects as well as expand the types of projects for
which offset protocols are available.
12
-------
CLIMATE LEADERS
TABLE 6. CLIMATE LEADERS KEY PROGRAM INDICATORS FOR 2004 AND 2005
CLIMATE LEADERS INDICATORS
Partners
Initial Inventories Submitted
Site Visits
Goals Announced
Goals Accomplished
2004 CUMULATIVE
64
45
9
25
0
2005 CUMULATIVE
78
60
30
38
5
TABLE 7. FIVE CLIMATE LEADERS ACHIEVE THEIR CLIMATE PROTECTION GOALS IN 2005
PARTNER
Baxter International, Inc.
General Motors Corporation
IBM Corporation
National Renewable
Energy Laboratory
SC Johnson
GOAL ACHIEVED
Met its goal to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by 16 percent per unit of
production value.
Met its goal to reduce total greenhouse gas emissions by 10 percent for all
North American facilities.
Met its goal to reduce average annual COz emissions associated with global
energy use by 4 percent per year through 2005. In addition, IBM Corporation
met its goal to reduce total perfluorocompound (PFC) emissions from
semiconductor manufacturing processes by 10 percent.
Met its goal to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by 10 percent
per square foot.
Met its goal to reduce U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by 23 percent
per pound of product.
TABLE 8. THIRTEEN MORE CLIMATE LEADERS SET AGGRESSIVE CLIMATE PROTECTION GOALS
FOR A TOTAL OF 38
PARTNER
Caterpillar Inc.
Frito-Lay
Green Mountain Energy
Melaver
Calpine
Xerox
Staples
Gap, Inc
Bank of America
Exelon
General Electric
Sun Microsystems
Marriott International
GOAL ANNOUNCED
Reduce global GHG emissions by 20 percent per dollar revenue from 2002 to 2010
Reduce U.S. GHG emissions by 14 percent per pound of production from
2002 to 20 10
Achieve net zero U.S. GHG emissions by 2005 and maintain that level through 2009
Achieve net zero U.S. GHG emissions by 2006 and maintain that level through 2009
Reduce U.S. GHG emissions by 4 percent per megawatt hour from 2003 to 2008
Reduce total global GHG emissions by 10 percent from 2002 to 2012
Reduce total U.S. GHG emissions by 7 percent from 2001 to 2010
Reduce U.S. GHG emissions by 1 1 percent per square foot from 2003 to 2008
Reduce total U.S. GHG emissions by 9 percent from 2004 to 2009
Reduce total U.S. GHG emissions by 8 percent from 2001 to 2008
Reduce total global GHG emissions by one percent from 2004 to 2012
Reduce total U.S. GHG emissions by 20 percent from 2002 to 2012
Reduce U.S. GHG emissions by 6 percent per available room from 2004 to 2010
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 13
-------
ENERGYSTAR
ENERGY STAR OVERVIEW
Investing in energy efficiency is a
strategic decision with many
benefits—saving money on utility
bills, avoiding emissions of criteria
air pollutants and greenhouse gases,
increasing domestic energy
reliability, and ensuring a more
balanced energy future. Since it was first introduced by
EPA in 1992 for energy-efficient computers, the
ENERGY STAR program has grown steadily in terms of
the energy efficiency solutions it offers, the breadth of the
organizations engaged in the partnership, and the benefits
delivered. And since 1996, the U.S. Department of
Energy (DOE) has joined with EPA to assume specific
ENERGY STAR program responsibilities. In 2005,
ENERGY STAR was specifically recognized in the Energy
Policy Act of 2005, which provides additional authorizing
language beyond Section 103(g) of the Clean Air Act and
other existing authorities (see sidebar on p. 16).
ENERGY STAR has made tremendous progress in
overcoming informational, institutional, and practical
obstacles to greater investment in energy-efficient
technologies and practices. Even with the progress made
to date, numerous opportunities still exist for cost-effective
energy efficiency investments in the residential, commercial,
and industrial sectors. Faced with the challenge of rising
energy prices, the nation's need for expanding investment
in energy efficiency is more critical than ever.
The ENERGY STAR program enables decisionmakers to
clearly identify the products, practices, services, homes,
and buildings that offer energy savings. ENERGY STAR
strategies have already resulted in substantial cost savings
for businesses and consumers, while diminishing the
market barriers that remain.
Achievements in 2005
• More than $12 billion saved by Americans on utility
bills across the residential, commercial, and industrial
sectors (see Table 1 on 2005 benefits, p. 3)
• 150 billion kilowatt hours (kWh) of energy saved, or
about 4 percent of the total 2005 electricity demand,
and 28 gigawatts (GW) of peak power avoided,
equivalent to the generation capacity of 50 new power
plants
• More than 34 million metric tons of greenhouse gas
emissions avoided, equivalent to the GHG emissions
from about 23 million vehicles (see Table 9)
• More than 2 billion ENERGY STAR qualified products
purchased,5 spanning significant numbers of computers,
other office equipment, lighting, consumer electronics,
and other products (see Figure 5)
• More than half a million ENERGY STAR qualified
new homes built, with about one in ten new homes in
2005 earning the ENERGY STAR
• Billions of square feet of building space improved
• More than 60 percent awareness of the ENERGY
STAR label among people in the United States
• More than 4 million visitors to the ENERGY STAR
Web site, while media articles mentioning ENERGY
STAR qualified products, homes, and buildings had a
reach of more than 1.1 billion consumers in 2005 (see
Figure 6)
• 75 leading organizations recognized by EPA and DOE
through ENERGY STAR annual awards (see p. 19)
The ENERGY STAR program now engages more than
8,000 manufacturers, retailers, service providers, home
builders, energy consumers, and others to advance energy-
efficient products and services that lower energy bills and
benefit the environment. These partners include:
• About 1,500 manufacturers using the ENERGY STAR
to distinguish the superior energy efficiency of more
than 35,000 individual product models across more
than 50 product categories, many carrying the brand
names that today's consumers prefer. These products
offer consumers savings that range from 5 to 90 percent
relative to standard models and up to 30 percent savings
in total on their household energy bills (see Table 12,
p. 18).
• More than 800 retail partners bringing ENERGY STAR
qualified products and educational information to their
customers, representing a more than 45 percent increase
over 2004.
14
5 This cumulative total includes product sales across the entire ENERGY STAR program, including those resulting from the efforts of the Department of Energy. The results for energy
saved and the resulting environmental and economic benefits represent EPA efforts alone.
-------
ENERGY STAR OVERVIEW
TABLE 9. ENERGY STAR PROGRAM ACHIEVEMENTS EXCEED GOALS IN 2005
2005 2006
ENERGY SAVED
(BILLION KWH)
All Qualified Products1
Commercial Building
Improvements2
New Homes3
Industrial Improvements4
PROGRAM TOTAL
for ENERGY STAR
GOAL
—
—
—
—
116.8
ACHIEVED
68.3
71.7
1.0
10.2
151.26
EMISSIONS AVOIDED
(MMTCE)
GOAL
13.0
10.5
0.3
3.5
27.3
ACHIEVED
14.9
14.8
0.3
4.2
34.2
ENERGY SAVED
(BILLION KWH)
GOAL
—
—
—
—
130.0
EMISSIONS AVOIDED
(MMTCE)
GOAL
14.5
11.5
0.5
3.7
30.2
ACHIEVEMENTS BY PRODUCT TYPE
Consumer Electronics6
Residential Appliances7
Residential Office Equipment
Lighting
Heating and Cooling
All Residential Products
Commercial Appliances
Office Equipment
Commercial Lighting
Other
All Commercial Products
ENERGY SAVED 2005
(BILLION KWH)
9.3
0.6
9.5
7.0
3.8
30.2
0.9
34.6
1.5
1.1
38.2
EMISSIONS AVOIDED 2005
(MMTCE)
1.9
0.1
1.9
1.4
1.8
7.2
0.2
7.0
0.3
0.2
7.7
1 Results for qualified products from Webber et al., 2006.
2 Results from building improvements based on methodology presented in Horowitz, 2004.
3 Results for qualified homes from CPPD, 2006.
' Results from industrial improvements from ICF International, 2006.
8 The kWh savings imply peak demand savings of more than 28 gigawatts (GW), based on conservation load factors developed by LBNL (Koomey et al., 1990).
6 A small portion of consumer electronics may be used in commercial buildings such as hotels. For reporting purposes, all consumer electronics results are included under
Residential Products.
^ EPA results only, does not include products under the responsibility of DOE.
Totals may not equal sum of components due to independent rounding.
: Not applicable
FIGURE 5. OVERVIEW OF THE PRODUCTS
CONTRIBUTING TO 2 BILLION PURCHASES
OF ENERGY STAR PRODUCTS SINCE 1992
*Excluding computers and monitors.
Includes DOE managed products.
FIGURE 6. REACHING MORE CONSUMERS WITH THE ENERGY
STAR MESSAGE THROUGH PRINT MEDIA AND THE WEB
2003
2004
2005
I WEBSITE SESSIONS •CIRCULATION
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 15
-------
More than 2,500 builder partners constructing new
homes that qualify for the ENERGY STAR in every
state and the District of Columbia—saving homeowners
money while maintaining high levels of comfort.
About 2,500 private businesses and public sector
organizations investing in energy efficiency and reducing
energy use in their buildings and facilities.
More than 30 states and more than 450 utilities and
other energy efficiency program sponsors leveraging
ENERGY STAR to improve the efficiency of
government buildings and lower energy use among
their customers.
Hundreds of energy service providers, energy raters,
architects and building engineers, and financial lenders
partnering with ENERGY STAR to make energy
efficiency more widely available to consumers and
businesses.
The program is also growing internationally. EPA has
engaged with government agencies in a number of
countries to promote certain ENERGY STAR qualified
products. These partnerships are intended to unify
voluntary energy efficiency labeling programs in major
global markets and make it easier for partners to
participate by providing a single set of energy efficiency
qualifications, instead of a patchwork of varying country-
specific requirements. The international partners include
Australia, Canada, the European Union, Japan, New
Zealand, and Taiwan.
The ENERGY STAR program has grown substantially—
more products introduced, more specifications revised,
additional programs for specific industries, more partners
involved, and greater environmental and economic
benefits for all. Highlights since the year 2000 are presented
on page 17 in Table 10 and Table 11. Additional program
achievements within the residential, commercial, and
industrial sectors are presented in the sections that follow.
ENERGY STAR PROGRAM PROVIDED ADDITIONAL AUTHORITIES UNDER EPACT 2005 (SECTION 131)
(a) In General- There is established within the Department of Energy and the Environmental Protection Agency a voluntary
program to identify and promote energy-efficient products and buildings in order to reduce energy consumption,
improve energy security, and reduce pollution through voluntary labeling of, or other forms of communication about,
products and buildings that meet the highest energy conservation standards.
(b) Division of Responsibilities- Responsibilities under the program shall be divided between the Department of Energy and
the Environmental Protection Agency in accordance with the terms of applicable agreements between those agencies.
(c) Duties- The Administrator and the Secretary shall-
(1) promote ENERGY STAR compliant technologies as the preferred technologies in the marketplace for-
(A) achieving energy efficiency; and
(B) reducing pollution;
(2) work to enhance public awareness of the ENERGY STAR label, including by providing special outreach to small
businesses;
(3) preserve the integrity of the ENERGY STAR label;
(4) regularly update ENERGY STAR product criteria for product categories;
(5) solicit comments from interested parties prior to establishing or revising an ENERGY STAR product category,
specification, or criterion (or prior to effective dates for any such product category, specification, or criterion);
(6) on adoption of a new or revised product category, specification, or criterion, provide reasonable notice to
interested parties of any changes (including effective dates) in product categories, specifications, or criteria,
along with-
(A) an explanation of the changes; and
(B) as appropriate, responses to comments submitted by interested parties; and
(7) provide appropriate lead time (which shall be 270 days, unless the Agency or Department specifies otherwise)
prior to the applicable effective date for a new or a significant revision to a product category, specification, or
criterion, taking into account the timing requirements of the manufacturing, product marketing, and distribution
process for the specific product addressed.
16
-------
ENERGY STAR OVERVIEW
TABLE 10. ENERGY STAR PROGRAM GROWTH SINCE 2000
The ENERGY STAR Program has been substantially expanded since the end of 2000. Important program efforts include:
Adding more than 15 new
products to the ENERGY STAR
family, with more under
development.
• Ceiling fans
• Commercial fryers
• Commercial hot food holding
cabinets
• Commercial solid door
refrigerators and freezers
• Commercial steam cookers
• Cordless phones
• Dehumidifiers
• External power adapters
• Geothermal heat pumps
• Light commercial HVAC
• Room air cleaners
• Vending machines
• Ventilating fans
Updating ENERGY STAR
specifications to more efficient
levels for more than 20 products,
with more underway.
• Ceiling fans
• Central air conditioners and air
source heat pumps
• Clothes washers*
• Compact fluorescent light bulbs*
• Cordless phones
• Dehumidifiers
• Dishwashers*
• DVD products
• Exit signs
• Home audio
• Light commercial HVAC
• Monitors
• Refrigerators and freezers*
• Residential light fixtures
• TVs
• VCRs
• Ventilating fans
• Windows, doors, and skylights*
Expanding EPA's national building
energy performance rating
system—through which buildings
can be rated on a scale of 1 to
100 and earn the ENERGY STAR
for top performance—with 9 new
building types.
• Acute care hospitals
• Bank branches
• Courthouses
• Financial centers
• Hotels
• Medical offices
• Residence halls
• Supermarkets and grocery stores
• Warehouses
Adding commercial new
construction Designed to Earn
the ENERGY STAR.
Expanding the ENERGY STAR
program into the industrial sector
through targeted partnerships
with the auto manufacturing,
cement, corn refining, food
processing, glass manufacturing,
petroleum, pharmaceutical, and
water/wastewater treatment
industries.
* DOE managed products
TABLE 11. ENERGY STAR KEY PROGRAM INDICATORS, 2000 AND 2005
Qualified Products
New Homes
Commercial Buildings
Industrial Improvements
ANNUAL RESULTS
INDICATOR
Products Sold**
Product Categories
Product Models
Public Awareness
Retailers (Partners)
New Homes Built**
Home Builders (Partners)
Buildings Benchmarked**
Buildings Labeled**
Building Types Eligible for Label
Industry Focuses
Energy Saved (kWh)
Avoided Emissions (MMTCE)
Net Savings ($)
600 million
40
11,000
40%
25
25,000
1,600
4,200
545
2
0
62 billion
15.8
$5 billion
2 billion
56
35,000
60%
800
520,000
2,500
26,000
2,500
11
8
150 billion
34
$12 billion
1 Results are cumulative.
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 17
-------
TABLE 12. ENERGY STAR QUALIFIED PRODUCTS SAVE ENERGY
ENERGY STAR
PRODUCT CATEGORY
APPLIANCES
Clothes washers*
Dehumidifiers
Dishwashers*
Refrigerators & freezers*
Room air conditioners*
Room air cleaners
HEATING & COOLING
Air source heat pumps
Boilers
Ceiling fans
Central air conditioners
Furnaces
Geothermal heat pumps
Light commercial HVAC
Programmable
thermostats
Ventilating fans
HOME ELECTRONICS
Cordless phones
Combination units
DVD products
External power adapters
Home audio
Televisions
AVERAGE ENERGY
SAVINGS** ABOVE
STANDARD PRODUCT
35%
5%
25%
15%
10%
45%
15%
5%
45%
25%
15%
30%
N/A
N/A
70%
30%
30%
60%
35%
75%
25%
VCRs ^^fe 20% ~^^^^
ENERGY STAR
PRODUCT CATEGORY
HOME ENVELOPE
Insulation and air sealing
Roof products
Windows, doors, & skylights*
LIGHTING
Compact fluorescent
light bulbs (CFLs)*
Exit signs
Residential light fixtures
Traffic signals
OFFICE EQUIPMENT
Computers
Copiers
Fax machines
Monitors
Printers
Scanners
COMMERCIAL FOOD SERVICE
Commercial fryers
Commercial hot food
holding cabinets
Commercial solid door
refrigerators and freezers
Commercial steam cookers
OTHER
Transformers
Vending machines
Water coolers
AVERAGE ENERGY
SAVINGS** ABOVE
STANDARD PRODUC'
N/A
N/A
N/A
65%
9%
70%
90%
40%-80%
65%
40%
40%-85%
70% 1
75% 1
15%
60%
35%
55% |
25%
25%
45%
^^^"^
r
[
j
Ceiling fan with
qualified fixture/bulb
Room air cleaner
Floor torchiere
*DOE managed products
"Actual savings will vary by climate region and home characteristics.
18
-------
ENERGY STAR AWARD WINNERS
ENERGY STAR OVERVIEW
SUSTAINED EXCELLENCE
3M
St. Paul, MN
ASTORIA HOMES
Las Vegas, NV
CenterPoint Energy
Houston, TX
David Powers Homes
Houston, TX
Ence Homes
St. George, UT
Food Lion, LLC
Salisbury, NC
GE Consumer and Industrial
Louisville, KY
Giant Eagle, Inc.
Pittsburgh, PA
Gorell Enterprises, Inc.
Indiana, PA
Nevada ENERGY STAR Partners
Las Vegas, NV
New York State Energy
Research and Development
Authority
Albany, NY
Northeast ENERGY STAR
Lighting and Appliance
Initiative
Lexington, MA
OSRAM SYLVANIA
Danvers, MA
Pacific Gas and Electric Company
San Francisco, CA
Pardee Homes
Los Angeles, CA
Servidyne Systems, LLC
Atlanta, GA
Southern California Edison
Rosemead, CA
Southern California Gas
Company
Los Angeles, CA
Toyota Motor Manufacturing
North America, Inc.
Erlanger, KY
Transwestern Commercial
Services
Houston, TX
TXU Electric Delivery ENERGY
STAR® Homes Program
Dallas, TX
USAA Real Estate Company
San Antonio, TX
Veridian Homes
Madison, Wl
Whirlpool Corporation
Benton Harbor, Ml
Wisconsin Focus on Energy
Madison, Wl
PARTNER OF THE YEAR-
RETAILER
The Home Depot
Atlanta, GA
PARTNER OF THE YEAR-
PRODUCT
MANUFACTURER
Good Earth Lighting
Wheeling, IL
Lithonia Lighting
Conyers, GA
Precision Entry, Inc.
Sugarcreek, OH
Victory Refrigeration
Cherry Hill, NJ
EXCELLENCE IN ENERGY
STAR OUTREACH
ACME Markets, Inc.
Malvern, PA
Alliant Energy/MidAmerican
Energy Company
Cedar Rapids, IA
Delta-Montrose Electric
Association (DMEA)
Montrose, CO
Energy Trust of Oregon, Inc.
Portland, OR
Governor Robert L. Ehrlich Jr.
and the Maryland Energy
Administration
Annapolis, MD
Kentucky Office of Energy Policy
Frankfort, KY
Lowe's
Mooresville, NC
Maytag Corporation
Newton, IA
National Grid
Westborough, MA
Nevada Power Company—
Sierra Pacific Power Company
Las Vegas, NV
Sears, Roebuck and Co.
Hoffman Estates, IL
PARTNER OF THE YEAR-
ENERGY MANAGEMENT
California Portland Cement
Company
Glendora, CA
Ford Motor Company
Dearborn, Ml
Frito-Lay
Piano, TX
Gresham-Barlow School
District 10Jt
Gresham, OR
Marriott International, Inc.
Washington, DC
Merck & Co., Inc.
Whitehouse Station, NJ
New York-Presbyterian Hospital
New York, NY
PARTNER OF THE YEAR-
SERVICE AND PRODUCT
PROVIDER
Avista Advantage
Spokane, WA
next>edge
Los Angeles, CA
Save More Resources, Inc.
Grand Junction, CO
PARTNER OF THE YEAR-
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
PROGRAM DELIVERY
Austin Energy
Austin, TX
New Jersey's Clean Energy
Program, NJBPU
Newark, NJ
Puget Sound Energy
Bellevue, WA
EXCELLENCE IN
ENERGY-EFFICIENT
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
New Jersey Green Homes
Office-NJ Department of
Community Affairs
Trenton, NJ
PARTNER OF THE YEAR-
NEW HOMES
Anderson Homes, Inc.
Gary, NC
Aspen Homes of Colorado
Loveland, CO
Bosgraaf Homes
Holland, Ml
Bureau Veritas
Piano, TX
D. R. Horton, Inc.-Sacramento
Gold River, CA
Energy Sense
Houston, TX
Guaranteed Watt Saver
Systems, Inc.
Oklahoma City, OK
Haven Properties, Inc.
Alpharetta, GA
Segal & Morel
Bridgewater, NJ
Southwest Home Energy Raters
El Paso, TX
TexEnergy Solutions, Inc.
Irving, TX
Winton/Flair Custom Homes
El Paso, TX
SPECIAL RECOGNITION-
EXCELLENCE IN
EFFICIENCY
Cathedral Square Corporation
Burlington, VT
Curtis Lumber Company, Inc.
Ballston Spa, NY
Fort Collins Utilities
Fort Collins, CO
Innovative Design, Inc.
Raleigh, NC
McCreary County Community
Housing Development
Corporation
Whitley City, KY
Piedmont Housing Alliance
Charlottesville, VA
Pinellas County Community
Development Department
Clearwater, FL
Power Integrations, Inc.
San Jose, CA
Highlights of their 2005 Award winning activities may be found at energystar.gov/awards.
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 19
-------
ENERGY STAR IN THE
RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
Households are spending more on energy because of the
rising prices for electricity, natural gas, and oil, and a
growing number of consumers are seeking ways to control
these costs. By looking to ENERGY STAR, households
can reduce their energy use and save up to 30 percent, or
$600 annually, on their utility bills. As demonstrated by
recent sales figures, more and more consumers are relying
on ENERGY STAR to help guide their purchasing
decisions, save them money, and prevent greenhouse gas
emissions—no matter whether they are replacing an old
appliance, making home improvements, or buying a
brand new home. EPA, through ENERGY STAR, assists
consumers as they tackle decisions in each of these areas.
Accomplishments for 2005 are highlighted below.
ENERGY STAR Products for the Home
Each year, EPA expands the ENERGY STAR program to
new products, updates the requirements for products to
earn the ENERGY STAR where appropriate, ensures the
ENERGY STAR mark is being used appropriately in the
marketplace, and engages program partners in broad
outreach efforts that help consumers find these products.
Highlights of these activities for 2005 are described below:
New ENERGY STAR Products. EPA continued its
recent focus on energy efficiency in small household
appliances, which is a rapidly growing area of home
energy use. In 2005, EPA established a new ENERGY
STAR specification for external power adapters, which has
the potential to improve the efficiency of millions of
electronic products by about 35 percent, and was close to
finalizing a specification for battery chargers. Battery
charging systems are used to recharge a wide variety of
cordless products such as the power tools and small
household appliances found in most homes.
Raising the Bar for ENERGY STAR. Responding to
important changes in market conditions such as new
federal standards, increased market penetration, and lower
equipment costs, in 2005 EPA reviewed and revised
specifications for six ENERGY STAR residential product
categories to make them more stringent: air source heat
pumps, central air conditioners, cordless phones, cordless
phone/answering machine combination units,
dehumidifiers, and residential light fixtures. In 2005,
EPA also began revising the specification for imaging
equipment (copiers, printers, scanners, and fax machines)
and began the specification development process for
battery chargers. ENERGY STAR manufacturing partners
are also raising the bar, as highlighted in award summaries
on page 21.
Protecting the Integrity of the ENERGY STAR. EPA
continually undertakes efforts to maintain and enhance
the integrity of the ENERGY STAR label through a
variety of activities—including product testing, retail
shelf studies, product literature reviews, and logo-use
monitoring (in advertising and on product packaging).
In 2005, dehumidifiers were tested, and all models were
found to have presented accurate information and met or
exceeded the ENERGY STAR performance levels. This
brings the number of product categories that have recently
undergone off-the-shelf product monitoring to eight.
In addition, more than 2,000 pieces of in-store
ENERGY STAR focused materials, displays, and signage
were examined during the year, and more than
130,000 advertising clips were monitored. EPA reviewed
and updated products listed on the ENERGY STAR
Web site to ensure that listed models were available in
the marketplace.
ENERGYSTAR
Powered by an
ENERGY STAR®
qualified adapter
for a better
environment
On average, 5 to 10 power adapters are used in the
typical U.S. home, and more than 1 billion new
adapters are shipped worldwide each year.
External power adapters convert high-voltage AC electricity
from the wall outlet to low-voltage DC power that runs
popular electronic products.
PRODUCTS USING EXTERNAL POWER ADAPTERS
cell phones
PDAs
MP3 players
digital cameras
camcorders
laptops
Internet routers
power tools
power razors
shavers
clippers
toothbrushes
radios
answering machines
phones
and more
20
-------
ENERGY STAR IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
TABLE 13. ENERGY STAR RESIDENTIAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS ADDED, REVISED, AND IN PROGRESS
PRODUCT CATEGORY
2005 NEW SPECIFICATIONS
External power adapters
2005 REVISIONS COMPLETED
Central air conditioners
and air source heat pumps
YEAR INTRODUCED
AND (YEAR REVISED)
STATUS OF ACTIVITY IN 2005
New specification took effect 2005
1995(2002,2005)
EPA
Final revised specification to take effect 2006
Clothes washers*
1997 (2005)
DOE
Final revised specification to take effect 2007
Cordless phones
2002 (2005)
EPA
Final revised specification to take effect 2006
Dehumidifiers
2001 (2005)
EPA
Final revised specification to take effect 2006
Residential light fixtures
1997(2002,2003,
2005)
EPA
Final revised specification took effect 2005
Windows, doors,
and skylights*
1998(2003,2005)
REVISIONS IN PROGRESS IN 2005
Computers 1992 (2006)
DOE
EPA
Final revised specification took effect 2005
Revision starting in 2006
Copiers
1995
EPA
Revision in progress
Dishwashers*
1996(2006)
DOE
Revision in progress
Furnaces
1995
EPA
Revision starting in 2006
Printers and fax machines
1993, 1994
EPA
Revision in progress
Programmable thermostats
1995
EPA
Revision in progress
Roof products
1999 (2006)
EPA
Revision in progress
Scanners 1997
NEW SPECIFICATIONS IN DEVELOPMENT
Battery charging systems 2006
EPA
Revision in progress
New specification to take effect in 2006
1 DOE managed products.
PARTNER OF THE YEAR—PRODUCT MANUFACTURER
GOOD EARTH LIGHTING
WHEELING, ILLINOIS
Good Earth Lighting is recognized for outstanding achievements in advancing energy-efficient light
fixtures. In 2005, Good Earth launched the first national ENERGY STAR programs at Lowe's and The
Great Indoors, as well as conducting several regional retail torchiere events. One hundred percent of
Good Earth's decorative lighting sales are ENERGY STAR qualified. In the past 2 years. Good Earth
has achieved 50-percent growth in ENERGY STAR unit shipments and a 90-percent increase in the
number of qualified models. Additional accomplishments include introducing millions of Lowe's
customers to the ENERGY STAR "Change a Light, Change the World" campaign message and incorporating
advanced lamp technologies into its product line and the retail replacement market. For 13 years. Good Earth has
steadfastly integrated ENERGY STAR into its overall business planning.
LITHONIA LIGHTING
CONYERS, GEORGIA
Lithonia Lighting, North America's largest manufacturer of lighting equipment, significantly
increased its promotion of energy-efficient products in 2005. Sixty-two percent of Lithonia's
consumer models are ENERGY STAR qualified, including more than 90 percent of its new
models. In 2005, 38 percent of Lithonia's total consumer product sales were ENERGY STAR
qualified models. Lithonia also expanded its consumer education by dedicating an entire panel of its new 4-color
packaging to the ENERGY STAR message in English, French, and Spanish. The ENERGY STAR qualified Ferros
fixture family took 1st Place at the American Lighting Association/Consortium for Energy Efficiency (ALA/CEE)
design competition in the Indoor Fixture Category. In 2005. Lithonia expanded qualified fixture availability at 1,800
Home Depot stores, 150 Ace Hardware stores, and hundreds of lighting showrooms.
L/THON/A
LIGHTING.
^
A?«Staj«ySrarxfe Gxrpary
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 21
-------
Public Outreach with Key Partners. Educating
consumers about the environmental and financial
benefits of ENERGY STAR qualified products is a core
activity of the program. The 2005 ENERGY STAR
campaigns and public service announcements (PSAs)
reached millions of people through TV, magazine, radio,
and other media outlets:
• ENERGY STAR Change a Light, Change the
World Campaign. EPA, DOE, and more than
30 governors across the country marked October 5,
2005 as "ENERGY STAR Change a Light Day" to
highlight the savings from the simple act of changing
one light at home. With a total of more than
100 million media impressions, the 2005 outreach
campaign experienced unprecedented coverage, with a
nearly 500-percent increase in advertising equivalency
over the previous year. The 2005 campaign included an
on-line "pledge" to change one light that secured more
than 70,000 pledges in all 50 states during fall 2005-
(For more information, see p. 23.)
• The ENERGY STAR Cool Your World Campaign,
promoting energy-efficient cooling for summer, also
enjoyed exceptional media coverage in 2005- The
campaign reached consumers through placements in
Redbook, Southern Living, and Newsweek magazines, in
addition to newspaper placements in a number of top
markets—Dallas, Chicago, Washington, DC, Baltimore,
Charlotte, Detroit, and Cleveland. Cool Your World
radio spots and television placements had an overall
reach of 58 million consumers.
I The 2005 ENERGY STAR First Frost Campaign
presented practical steps consumers could take to
prepare for the winter heating season. The campaign
garnered more than 800 placements of ENERGY
STAR tips, including in Real Simple, US News & World
Report, House Beautiful, and Good Housekeeping. With
the addition of radio spots and television, the First Frost
campaign had a reach of more than 35 million
Americans.
I New Orleans Radio PSA. In November 2005,
Entergy, an ENERGY STAR utility partner that services
New Orleans, requested EPA's assistance with public
outreach to promote energy efficiency as residents of
New Orleans and other storm-struck areas began
rebuilding their homes. EPA developed and distributed
a radio PSA urging homeowners to make smart energy
decisions and to consider purchasing ENERGY STAR
qualified products for their homes and offices as they
replaced what was lost to Hurricane Katrina. The PSA
drove consumers to ENERGY STAR's home page,
where they found a link to a special "Hurricane Help"
page offering information on ENERGY STAR
products, home improvement/rebuilding tips, and other
helpful information. The radio PSA was released in
December 2005- More than 80 radio stations in
Louisiana, Texas, Mississippi, and Alabama committed
to playing the PSA.
PARTNER OF THE YEAR—RETAILER
THE HOME DEPOT
ATLANTA, GEORGIA
In 2005, The Home Depot's goal was to be the leader in ENERGY STAR marketing, raising its outreach
to a level of comprehensiveness and sophistication that would be unparalleled in the marketplace.
Not only does The Home Depot carry more ENERGY STAR qualified product models and sell more of
these products than any other retailer, but at every opportunity—on store signage, in brochures, in
advertising, and on its Web site—The Home Depot links these products with how to save energy with
ENERGY STAR. 2005 highlights include a dedicated ENERGY STAR TV ad, comprehensive in-store
signage, and several brochures on how to save energy with ENERGY STAR. With impressive sales results of
34 million ENERGY STAR qualified products and billions of consumer impressions through energy savings
education. The Home Depot has helped customers save more than $7.4 million dollars and prevented greenhouse
gas emissions equivalent to those from more than 100,000 vehicles, demonstrating that we should all "Follow
the STAR for Savings."
22
-------
ENERGY STAR IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
2005 ENERGY STAR CHANGE A LIGHT, CHANGE THE WORLD CAMPAIGN PROVES TO BE A BRIGHT IDEA
Take Hie ENERGY SUW
Change a Light
Pledge
iANGEALIGHT
j CHANGE THE WORLD
ENERGY STAR
EPA Administrator Stephen L.
Johnson kicked off the 6th
annual ENERGY STAR Change
a Light, Change the World
Campaign on October 5, 2005,
when he helped launch the
ENERGY STAR Change a Light
Pledge and called on everyone
in the United States to help
change the world, one light—
one energy-saving step—at a
time. EPA, DOE, and more than
30 governors across the country marked October 5 as
"ENERGY STAR Change a Light Day."
The 2005 Campaign capitalized on strong public-private
partnerships to educate the public about the
environmental and monetary benefits of ENERGY STAR
qualified lighting. Nearly 300 participating organizations
leveraged the national platform and campaign materials
to develop innovative in-store promotions, public
events, compact fluorescent light (CFL) fundraisers, and
school activities. Through partnerships with the retail,
regional energy efficiency program sponsor,
manufacturer, government, school, non-profit, and
industrial sectors, the 2005 campaign message reached
a broader audience than ever before.
With the support of EPA and partner organizations,
more than 70,000 people in all 50 states and several
U.S. territories participated in the 2005 Change a Light
Pledge. All together, the 2005 pledges would prevent
the release of 33 million pounds of greenhouse gas
emissions into the atmosphere, demonstrating that
small changes by individuals really do add up to a
significant, positive change for the environment. And
at a time of rising energy costs, the 23 million kWh of
electricity savings also translates into significant utility
bill savings for consumers.
The 2005 collaborative campaign also experienced
unprecedented media coverage, generating more than
100 million earned media impressions. Articles
mentioning the ENERGY STAR Change a Light, Change
the World Campaign appeared in Newsweek, USA
Today, The Wall Street Journal, and U.S. News and
World Report, while radio listeners heard the campaign
message through more than 950 radio spots, including
a National Public Radio interview with EPA
Administrator Johnson on Change a Light Day. Retail,
utility, and manufacturing partners supported the
campaign by running print advertisements during
October and November.
EPA raised the visibility of the ENERGY STAR Change a
Light, Change the World Campaign through a print
public service announcement (PSA) that ran in a
number of major publications, including Time and
Discover. A Spanish version of the PSA ran in 18
publications in New York, Chicago, Texas, New Mexico,
and Washington, D.C. Additionally, EPA distributed
240,000 "Go Cards" introducing the campaign to cafes,
college student unions, dining halls, retailers, and
restaurants in the country's top college markets.
To build on the success of 2005, EPA intends to expand
the Change a Light "community," with a goal of
encouraging at least 500,000 people to take the Pledge
starting in October 2006. For the first time,
organizations can play a more active role by setting
their own Pledge goal and inviting their community to
join the ENERGY STAR campaign. One energy-efficient
light at a time, the ENERGY STAR Change a Light,
Change the World Campaign is demonstrating that
making a difference can be as simple as replacing a light.
FIGURE 7. STATES PROMOTE ENERGY STAR CHANGE A LIGHT, CHANGE THE WORLD IN 2005
STATES THAT PARTICIPATED
IN CHANGE A LIGHT THROUGH
THE GOVERNOR'S OR FIRST
LADY'S OFFICES
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 23
-------
Home Improvement Through
ENERGY STAR
There are many low-cost steps homeowners can take to
increase their comfort and reduce their energy bills that
go beyond the purchase of ENERGY STAR qualified
products. EPA has been making progress in the
following areas:
Home Performance with ENERGY STAR. EPA
continues to promote Home Performance with ENERGY
STAR to homeowners who want to retrofit their homes
for improved energy efficiency. Home Performance with
ENERGY STAR is a whole house improvement program
that emphasizes a home diagnostic evaluation and
improvements made by a trained technician, coupled with
a strong quality assurance program administered by a
regional sponsor.
To accomplish this, EPA, along with DOE, works with
organizations that evaluate the credentials and expertise of
technicians and contractors who offer third-party home
performance verification to homeowners. EPA funds the
Building Performance Institute (BPI)—a national
technician certification and contractor accreditation
organization—jointly with DOE and HUD so that BPI
may provide the necessary quality assurance for home
performance contracting programs such as Home
Performance with ENERGY STAR.
• The number of state and local partners involved in
Home Performance with ENERGY STAR grew to
14 sponsors in 2005 (see Figure 8).
• The New York State Energy Research and Development
Authority (NYSERDA) and the state of New York lead
the way in promoting whole house retrofits under
Home Performance with ENERGY STAR.
• By the end of 2005, ENERGY STAR partners had
retrofitted almost 16,000 homes. These homes are
delivering up to 40 percent savings on energy bills for
their owners, as measured by regional implementing
programs.
Proper HVAC Installation. Without proper installation,
HVAC equipment may not perform as well as expected
(see Figure 9). Some studies indicate that more than half
of all central air conditioners may be installed improperly.
During 2005, EPA explored various labeling schemes for
ENERGY STAR qualified HVAC systems to promote
proper equipment installation. In response to the growing
importance of proper installation and maintenance of
HVAC equipment, EPA supported and participated in an
industry-led effort to define the requirements for proper
HVAC installation. The Air Conditioning Contractors of
America (ACCA), in conjunction with the Consortium
for Energy Efficiency (GEE), led this important effort.
These specifications are serving as the basis for an
ENERGY STAR proper HVAC installation pilot program
in 2006 in California.
Home Sealing with Major Retailers. ENERGY
STAR Home Sealing is an effective means to cut energy
costs and improve the comfort of homes by properly
insulating homes and sealing air leaks within the home's
envelope. National retailers Lowe's and The Home Depot
aggressively promoted ENERGY STAR Home Sealing
during their fall campaigns to help homeowners
weatherize their homes for the coming winter. Through
in-store clinics, store-wide broadcast announcements, and
aisle end-cap promotions, more than 700 million
consumer impressions were generated by The Home
Depot and Lowe's.
Teaming up with DOE and HUD. In 2005, EPA
teamed up with DOE and HUD to announce the
Partnerships for Home Energy Efficiency (PHEE)—a
joint effort to improve the energy efficiency of the nation's
housing stock by 10 percent by 2015- A 10-percent
savings would total almost $20 billion a year, help increase
the affordability and comfort of homes, and reduce
demand for natural gas by more than one quad, among
other benefits. This partnership draws upon the strengths
of the three agencies across four goals: (1) Expand
efforts to promote ENERGY STAR qualified products,
(2) Develop new energy efficiency services to provide
homeowners with greater savings, (3) Promote energy
efficiency in affordable housing, and (4) Continue to
invest in innovative research on building science
technologies, practices, and policies.
24
-------
ENERGY STAR IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
FIGURE 8. HOME PERFORMANCE WITH ENERGY STAR SPREADS ACROSS THE COUNTRY
NORTH DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
PENNSYLVANIA
WEST VIRGINIA
VIRGINIA
NORTH CAROLINA
DELAWARE
MARYLAND
ALABAMA GEORGIA
States with Established
Home Performance with
ENERGY STAR Programs
METRO Areas with Established •// States and Metro Areas
Home Performance with Launching Home Performance
ENERGY STAR Programs with ENERGY STAR Programs
FIGURE 9. QUALITY INSTALLATION DELIVERS MORE COOLING
QUALITY
INSTALLATION
LOW AIRFLOW
LOWAIRFLOW +
IMPROPER CHARGE
LOWAIRFLOW +
IMPROPER CHARGE +
DUCT LEAKAGE
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 25
-------
ENERGY STAR New Homes
2005 was an important year for ENERGY STAR qualified
new homes as the program hit major milestones. EPA
completed the first revision of the requirements for new
homes to earn the ENERGY STAR, enhanced the quality
control involved in awarding a home the ENERGY
STAR, and coordinated with green building groups.
Highlights of these activities are described below:
Major Program Milestones. By the end of 2005, more
than half a million American households, 40 percent more
than the prior year, had purchased ENERGY STAR
qualified homes (see Figure 10). These homeowners are
saving more than $120 million annually on their energy
bills. Furthermore, about 10 percent of new homes
constructed in 2005 earned the ENERGY STAR, with
homes now available in every state and the District of
Columbia. Fourteen states are seeing more than 10 percent
of their new housing starts be ENERGY STAR qualified
(see Figure 11). In 2005, Nevada had 42 percent market
penetration, New Jersey 36 percent, Texas 31 percent, and
California 12 percent. In Las Vegas, market penetration
reached 55 percent of the 35,000 new homes constructed
in 2005-
Updated Specification for ENERGY STAR New
Homes. EPA completed the first ever revision of the
ENERGY STAR new homes specification in response to
the program's progress, increased energy efficiency levels
required in the updated national energy code, and
adopted more stringent HVAC equipment standards.
Under the new guidelines, homes that earn the ENERGY
STAR are at least 15 percent more energy efficient than
homes built to the 2004 International Residential Code
(IRC). By January 2007, all new ENERGY STAR
qualified homes must be constructed in accordance with
the new guidelines. They include several new energy-
saving requirements for ENERGY STAR products and
appliances because these products can account for as much
as 50 percent of a home's energy consumption. The
guidelines also require Home Energy Raters to safeguard
against any major gaps in the home's air barrier and
perform an inspection of the home's insulation. These
areas are common causes of comfort problems and higher
than necessary energy bills for homeowners.
Promoted Additional Opportunities for Energy
Savings. EPA encouraged ENERGY STAR builder
partners to offer the Advanced Lighting Package, an
upgrade package that more than 170 builders are
recommending to home buyers to save energy and money.
EPA estimates that in 2005 the Advanced Lighting
Package saved more than 100,000 kWh.
Quality Control. EPA continues to work to ensure that
homeowners receive the value of ENERGY STAR when
purchasing a new home. Under the new specification for
new homes developed during 2005, ENERGY STAR will
require in 2006 that Home Energy Raters, when
qualifying ENERGY STAR new homes, complete a
Thermal Bypass Checklist6 to safeguard against any major
gaps in the home's air barrier that are inadvertently missed
by the builders. Such gaps can lead to comfort problems
for homeowners and could potentially lead to structural
problems. Inspection of the installation of insulation is a
key component of the Checklist. If insulation is
improperly installed with voids between the studs and
rafters and compression of batts, the insulation will not
adequately insulate up to its stated R-value,7 a common
problem with new homes. This requirement bolsters the
ENERGY STAR promise for quality homes.
Third-party verification continues to be an important
attribute of ENERGY STAR. For the new homes
program, EPA relies on the Home Energy Rater network
to inspect new homes to determine whether they meet the
ENERGY STAR new homes specification. Over the past
year, EPA has worked with the Residential Energy Services
Network (RESNET), the accrediting body for the raters,
to enhance its oversight of these raters and their rating
providers to ensure that they meet the necessary standards
and qualifications to evaluate whether a home qualifies as
ENERGY STAR.
26
6 The Thermal Bypass Checklist is a 16-point list of building details where thermal bypass, or movement of heat around or through insulation, frequently occurs due to missing air
barriers or gaps between the air barrier and insulation. Reducing thermal bypasses is important as they can lead to comfort and warranty issues as well as higher utility bills.
^ Insulation is rated in terms of thermal resistance, called R-value, which indicates the resistance to heat flow. The higher the R-value, the greater the insulating effectiveness. The
R-value of thermal insulation depends on the type of material, its thickness, and density. Installing more insulation in your home increases R-value and the resistance to heat flow.
-------
ENERGY STAR IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
FIGURE 10. A DECADE OF GROWTH FOR ENERGY STAR QUALIFIED NEW HOMES
500,000
450,000
400,000
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
en
| 150,000
3C
o 100,000
tr.
I 50,000
Z3
Z
0
1996
i CUMULATIVE HOMES BUILT
I ANNUAL HOMES BUILT
z
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
2002 2003
2004 2005
FIGURE 11. ENERGY STAR QUALIFIED NEW HOMES GAINING MARKET SHARE
The state index is a comparison of the number of ENERGY STAR qualified new homes built to the number of
privately owned housing units permitted in each state and the District of Columbia. Each state's index is a
measurement of ENERGY STAR'S presence in the site-built, single-family new homes market for that state. It does
not measure other energy efficiency efforts within the state. ENERGY STAR, in partnership with stakeholders,
achieved an average national market presence in the new homes sector of nearly 10% in 2005.
WASHINGTON
Increasing Participation
-; l
-
10-20% >20%
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 27
-------
ENERGY STAR
INDOOR AIR PACKAGE
Indoor Air Quality and Green Building Programs.
In 2005, EPA advanced efforts to
bring improved indoor air quality
into new homes and ensure that
green homes are energy-efficient
homes. For example, EPA finalized
an Indoor Air Package that
complements the ENERGY STAR
label for qualified homes. The
package includes seven specific construction practices and
associated specifications, ranging from moisture control,
HVAC system sizing, and combustion system measures to
building materials, radon and pest control, and home
commissioning. While these new requirements cannot
guarantee good indoor air quality, they do provide a path
to a better indoor environment. In addition, EPA worked
with the U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC) to see
that the specification for ENERGY STAR qualified homes
would be a requirement for the Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED) for Homes certification—
underscoring the significance of energy efficiency in any
green building program. LEED for Homes also
incorporated EPA's Indoor Air Package specifications and
the ENERGY STAR Advanced Lighting Package into the
point system used to qualify LEED homes.
Recognition for Outstanding Builder Partners.
Builders maintained their strong enthusiasm for ENERGY
STAR qualified new homes. In 2005, EPA recognized six
builders for their continued excellence and support for
ENERGY STAR. ASTORIA HOMES, David Powers Homes,
Ence Homes, Pardee Homes, Veridian Homes, and the
Nevada ENERGY STAR Partners received EPA's Award
for Sustained Excellence (see p. 29). These six partners
have won Partner of the Year at least twice before, and
some three times. In addition, EPA welcomed Anderson
Homes, Aspen Homes, Bosgraaf Homes, Haven
Properties, Segal & Morel, and Winton/Flair Custom
Homes as first time winners of the ENERGY STAR
Partner of the Year for New Homes. EPA also recognized
D.R. Horton (Sacramento) for the second year in a row
(seep. 19).
What to Expect in 2006 and Beyond
Across the Residential Sector
In 2006, EPA will continue to deliver savings to
consumers through ENERGY STAR qualified products,
new homes, and home performance. These residential
sector programs will:
• Update energy efficiency specifications for more
products, including those for imaging equipment
(copiers, printers, fax machines, scanners), computers,
and furnaces. EPA will add battery chargers to the suite
of ENERGY STAR qualified products.
• Continue to build consumer awareness of ENERGY
STAR. EPA will continue to coordinate national,
seasonal outreach campaigns featuring products of
interest in the relevant season (e.g. lighting products in
the fall and cooling products in the spring/summer).
The goal is to raise awareness of the ENERGY STAR
label as the trusted symbol for energy efficiency and
environmental protection to more than 70 percent over
the next several years.
• Work with manufacturers, retailers, home builders
and raters, utilities, and states in broad consumer
promotions of ENERGY STAR qualified products
and new homes. In 2006, EPA expects 175 million
ENERGY STAR qualified products to be sold.
• Complete the transition to the updated ENERGY
STAR qualified new home specification that takes effect
nationwide starting January 2007- Various workshops
are scheduled across the country to help with the
changeover.
• Exceed the 2005 market penetration number for new
homes and add more than 180,000 qualified homes
in 2006.
• Work with partners retrofitting another 10,000 existing
homes under Home Performance with ENERGY STAR.
• Roll out and monitor three to five pilot projects that
demonstrate a new ENERGY STAR service for proper
installation of HVAC equipment.
• Continue efforts to maintain the integrity of the
ENERGY STAR name and logo, as required under
the Energy Policy Act of 2005 among other laws, and
provide a new report on these efforts.
28
-------
ENERGY STAR IN THE RESIDENTIAL SECTOR
www.AsTORIAHoMES.com
More for Your Money,'
SUSTAINED EXCELLENCE AWARD WINNERS
ASTORIA HOMES
LAS VEGAS, NV
ASTORIA HOMES, winner of the ENERGY STAR Award for the third time, was
recognized for its continued, outstanding commitment to delivering and
promoting ENERGY STAR qualified homes in the Las Vegas market. In 2005,
more than 900 ASTORIA HOMES earned the ENERGY STAR label, bringing its
total to more than 3,600 qualified homes. ASTORIA'S philosophy is to build the highest quality yet attainable
homes in Las Vegas by offering "More for Your Money." Building 100 percent ENERGY STAR qualified homes
provides "More Quality and More Savings" for the homebuyer while protecting the environment. ASTORIA HOMES
uses the ENERGY STAR logo in all point-of-sale materials and ads, on signs and billboards, on its Web site, and in
direct mail pieces. The company also created a homeowner welcome gift basket containing ENERGY STAR
qualified lighting and educational pieces. ASTORIA continuously trains its sales agents on the features and
benefits of ENERGY STAR qualified homes and has been instrumental in the success of the Nevada ENERGY
STAR Partners group.
DAVID POWERS HOMES
HOUSTON, TX
David Powers Homes, an ENERGY STAR Award winner for the third consecutive year, was
recognized for its continued, outstanding commitment to ENERGY STAR in the Houston _ DAVID
market. David Powers Homes was one of the first builders in Houston to become an ENERGY _
STAR partner and to commit to building 100 percent of its homes to ENERGY STAR HOMES
performance levels. In 2005, 511 David Powers homes earned the ENERGY STAR label, bringing
its total to more than 1,500 qualified homes. From the corporate level to the consumer, education and awareness
of ENERGY STAR remains a strong priority for the company. The result of these efforts means that David Powers
Homes enjoys strong consumer awareness among those who view the company as not only a quality builder, but
also a true leader in energy efficiency. Since becoming an ENERGY STAR partner in 2000, David Powers Homes
has seen a 120-percent increase in new homes sales, a 95-percent increase in traffic into model homes, and a
52-percent increase in realtor co-op sales—proving that energy efficiency is good business.
ENCE HOMES
ST. GEORGE, UTAH
Ence Homes, an ENERGY STAR partner since 1998 and a four-time ENERGY STAR Award
winner, was recognized for its continued, outstanding commitment to ENERGY STAR in
the Utah market. From the start, Ence has built 100 percent of its homes to ENERGY STAR
performance levels and actively promoted the program. In 2005, 400 Ence Homes earned
the ENERGY STAR label, bringing its total to nearly 1,800 qualified homes. All of the
company's collateral material carries the ENERGY STAR logo, including newspaper and magazine ads, in-house
flyers, inventory booklets, price sheets, maps, brochures, banners, construction signs, and billboards. Ence
Homes places a brass plaque with the ENERGY STAR logo on all new homes and includes information on
ENERGY STAR in the homeowner's manual. Ence Homes is "on the Utah map" thanks to its advertising and
promotional efforts; its dedication to energy-efficient, quality building standards; and the awards bestowed by
EPA. In 2005, Ence Homes received the 2-10 Home Builder's Warranty Award, which is the highest award given
for superior customer service and home warranty performance in the nation. Ence's home sales in 2005
surpassed all other years.
Highlights of more 2005 Award winners may be found at energystar.gov/awards.
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 29
-------
ENERGY STAR IN THE
COMMERCIAL SECTOR
Since the early 1990s, EPA has promoted energy efficiency
in commercial buildings. Through their ENERGY STAR
partnership, businesses and organizations of all sizes
benefit from energy efficiency resources and guidance that
help inform their decisions, enabling them to make cost-
effective investments and reduce their energy use by as
much as 30 percent. Central elements of EPA's efforts
include promoting energy management as a strategic
business objective and promoting performance
benchmarking of building energy use to help energy
users target their investments. In 2005, EPA made great
progress in partnering with national organizations, states,
and others to encourage these practices, in recognizing
excellence in energy management, and in encouraging
service providers to offer building energy benchmarking
as a part of their services.
Achievements in 2005
Growing the Partnership. In 2005, more businesses
and organizations partnered with EPA to pursue superior
energy management approaches. They include:
• More than 1,500 commercial, public, and industrial
organizations that have committed to adopting an
energy management approach by partnering with
ENERGY STAR; school districts represented the largest
number of new partners in 2005-
• ENERGY STAR partners representing about
11 billion square feet of building space across the
country and approximately 16 percent of the
commercial building market.
• More than 900 Service and Product Providers (SPPs)
and nearly 70 utility and energy efficiency program
administrators partnering with EPA to offer energy
efficiency services to users working toward energy savings
goals and public programs linked to ENERGY STAR.
• Over 1,100 small businesses and congregations in the
ENERGY STAR network and about 11,000 monthly
Web site visitors finding tailored energy efficiency
guidance and solutions.
Challenging Building Owners to Save 10 Percent
Or More. In 2005, EPA announced a new national
ENERGY STAR campaign in coordination with key
professional associations and states. The ENERGY STAR
Challenge is a call to action for building owners and
operators to implement energy efficiency measures and
reduce energy use by 10 percent or more. EPA estimates
that if each building owner met this challenge, by 2015
Americans would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by
more than 20 MMTCE—equivalent to the emissions
from 15 million vehicles—while saving about $10 billion.
By year end, more than half of the states and the District
of Columbia—along with more than 20 major associations
whose members manage many of the nation's office
buildings, schools, hospitals, and other commercial
facilities—were participating in the Challenge (see Figure
12 and Table 14). These associations and states are
encouraging their members to benchmark the energy
use of their buildings, set an energy savings target of
10 percent or more, and make the investments necessary
to achieve this goal. In addition, many of them are
undertaking efforts, in conjunction with EPA, to train
their members on how to achieve their goals. For example:
• BOMA (the Building Owners and Managers
Association International)—which represents 9 billion
square feet of office space across the country—launched
its Building Energy Efficiency Program (BEEP) and
offered Web-based benchmarking training that is
expected to reach thousands of building managers with
significant benchmark activity in most states.
• Ten leading associations representing state school
boards, superintendents, principals, facility planners,
parents, and teachers joined with EPA to address critical
energy issues in our nation's K-12 schools. Through the
ENERGY STAR Challenge, these groups are helping
school decisionmakers assess how much energy school
districts currently use, establish efficiency improvement
goals of 10 percent or greater district wide, and make
efficiency improvements wherever cost-effective.
These association-led outreach and training efforts are
producing the tools and information that building owners
and managers need to control their energy costs.
30
-------
ENERGY STAR IN THE COMMERCIAL SECTOR
FIGURE 12. STATES COMMITTED TO THE ENERGY STAR CHALLENGE THROUGH 2005
PARTICIPATING STATES 2005
TABLE 14. KEY ASSOCIATIONS COMMITTED TO THE ENERGY STAR CHALLENGE THROUGH 2005
Alliance to Save Energy (ASE)
The American Hotel & Lodging Association (AH&LA)
The American Society for Healthcare Engineering of the
American Hospital Association (ASHE)
The American Solar Energy Society (ASES)—Legacy
Schools Program
The Association of Energy Engineers (AEE)
Association of School Business Officials (ASBO)
International
Building Owners & Managers Association International
(BOMA)
The Business Council of Fairfield County, Connecticut
(SACIA)
Council of Educational Facility Planners International
(CEFPI)
Council of the Great City Schools
Food Marketing Institute (FMI)
National Association of Counties (NACo)
The National Association of Elementary School Principals
(NAESP)
The National Association of Energy Service Companies
(NAESCO)
The National Association of Secondary School Principals
(NASSP)
The National Association of State Energy Officials
(NASEO)
The National Energy Education Development (NEED)
Project
The National Energy Foundation (NEF)
National Parent Teacher Association (PTA)
The National School Boards Association (NSBA)
North East Sustainable Energy Association (NESEA)
Public Technology Institute (PTI)
The Real Estate Roundtable
Sustainable Buildings Industry Council (SBIC)
United States Telecom Association (USTA)
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 31
-------
Recognizing Excellence in Efficient Buildings and
Energy Management. As a critical element of its
commercial building program, EPA offers ENERGY
STAR recognition for leadership in energy efficiency. This
recognition is available for individual buildings that are
energy efficient, for organizations that demonstrate
superior energy management by meeting energy saving
milestones across their entire portfolio of buildings, and
for a select number of organizations each year that stand
out within their sector.
Businesses and public institutions can earn the ENERGY
STAR to distinguish highly efficient buildings based on
EPA's building energy performance rating system, which
also meet industry standards for indoor air quality. These
buildings consume about 35 percent less energy than typical
buildings while providing comparable comfort and services.
2005 highlights are described below:
• More than 2,500 buildings (representing 480 million
square feet) earned the ENERGY STAR for superior
energy and environmental performance, saving their
owners an estimated $350 million annually on energy
relative to typical buildings (see Figure 13).
• More than 400 buildings, double the number from the
previous year, have demonstrated sustained energy
performance by qualifying for the ENERGY STAR for
2 years or more.
• Food Lion was recognized as the first organization to
earn its 400th ENERGY STAR label, representing the single
largest number of labels earned by any one partner.
• More than 200 schools earned labels in 2005, with the
San Diego City Schools qualifying for over 100 labels.
• The hotel sector was strongly represented by Marriott
International, which earned almost 150 ENERGY
STAR labels.
In addition, more organizations were recognized as
ENERGY STAR Leaders in 2005 bringing the total to
20. These organizations achieved a 10, 20, or 30 percent
improvement across all their buildings or an average
portfolio-wide rating of 75 or better. They include school
districts, hospitals, supermarkets, hotels, banks, and
commercial real estate companies and are leading
examples of how to meet or better the ENERGY STAR
Challenge (see Table 15).
EPA also recognized 10 organizations for their efforts in
2005 with the ENERGY STAR Partner of the Year Award
for energy management (see p. 19 and p. 37). These
organizations included a school district, hospital, and
hotelier, as well as service and product providers. Seven
more organizations were recognized for Sustained
Excellence for demonstrating continued significant energy
reductions, building upon prior achievements, and going
beyond "program maintenance."
Building Benchmarking Gaining Momentum.
Knowing "you cannot manage what you cannot measure,"
EPA released an energy performance rating system for
commercial buildings in 1999- This system compares the
energy use of individual buildings against the national
stock of similar buildings using a 1 to 100 point rating
scale, and it shows building owners and managers whether
a building is operating at an efficient level or if it may
be a strong candidate for cost-effective efficiency
improvements. Highlights for 2005 are described below:
• The number of buildings whose energy use has been
assessed using EPA's energy performance rating system
continued to grow, increasing by about 20 percent over
2004 (see Figure 13). The rating system has been used
to evaluate about 26,000 buildings, including 38% of
hospital space across the country, 25% of office building
space, 24% of supermarket space, 15% of school space,
and 14% of hotel space, with significant benchmark
activity in most states (see Figure 14, p. 35).
• EPA launched a new feature to make energy
benchmarking easier for owners of large building
portfolios. The ENERGY STAR Exchange Services is
designed to integrate EPA's energy performance rating
system into energy billing services offered by third
parties. This new feature provides automated
benchmarks of customers' facilities within Web-based
energy tracking software. More than 3,000 benchmarked
buildings were associated with the nine companies that
hosted the system.
• EPA also offered training, including benchmarking
sessions, to several hundred SPP partners. They assisted
with more than 5,000 benchmarks and helped label
45 percent of the buildings qualifying for the ENERGY
STAR during the year.
32
-------
ENERGY STAR IN THE COMMERCIAL SECTOR
FIGURE 13. BUILDING BENCHMARKING AND ENERGY STAR BUILDING LABELING GAIN MOMENTUM
GO
z
I
o
GO
s
CO
fri
2001 2002 2003
• LABELED SQ. FT. • BENCHMARKED SQ. FT.
2004
2005
TABLE 15. 2005 ENERGY STAR LEADERS
ACHIEVING A 10-POINT IMPROVEMENT
PORTFOLIO WIDE
Colorado Springs School District 11
Colorado Springs, CO
Independent School District 197
Mendota Heights, MN
New York-Presbyterian Hospital
New York, NY
Rochester City School District
Rochester, NY
South Colonie Central School District
Albany, NY
South Washington County School District 833
Cottage Grove, MN
The Vanguard Group
Valley Forge, PA
York County School Division
Yorktown, VA
ACHIEVING A 20-POINT IMPROVEMENT
PORTFOLIO WIDE
Cambridge Savings Bank
Cambridge, MA
ACHIEVING A 30-POINT IMPROVEMENT
PORTFOLIO WIDE
Gresham-Barlow School District
Gresham, OR
ACHIEVING AN AVERAGE PORTFOLIO-WIDE
RATING OF 75 OR BETTER
Buehler Food Markets
Wooster, OH
Cambridge Savings Bank
Cambridge, MA
Columbus Hospitality
Columbus, OH
Douglas, Emmett & Company
Santa Monica, CA
Food Lion, LLC
Salisbury, NC
Giant Eagle
Pittsburgh, PA
Granite Properties
Piano, TX
Gresham-Barlow School District
Gresham, OR
H.E. Butt Grocery Company
San Antonio, TX
San Diego City Schools
San Diego, CA
The Saunders Hotel Group
Boston, MA
USAA Real Estate Company
San Antonio, TX
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 33
-------
DESIGNED
TO EARN THE
ENERGY STAR
Integrating ENERGY STAR and New Building
Design. EPA has expanded ENERGY
STAR to include new building design
because it is important to integrate
energy efficiency into the design process
as early as possible. EPA promotes
energy efficiency as both a stand-alone
goal and a critical element of green
buildings. In 2005, EPA worked collaboratively with
leading designers, states, federal agencies, the American
Institute of Architects (AIA), and green building rating
organizations to integrate aggressive energy use targets for
new buildings so as to capture the environmental benefits
and financial value that energy efficiency offers. Highlights
for 2005 are described below:
• The number of participating architecture and
engineering (A&E) firms rose to 70—a fourfold
increase in 3 years. Partners now use the "Designed to
Earn the ENERGY STAR" graphic on their project
drawings to show the projects meet EPA energy
performance criteria.
• About 1,200 professionals in the A&E community
learned about the importance of setting energy targets
during the design phase and checking their designs'
estimated energy use against these targets as projects
mature.
• The 2005 AIA Top Ten Green Projects, a prominent
U.S. design competition, incorporated EPA's energy
rating as part of the evaluation criteria.
• Green building rating tools began to integrate energy
performance requirements or guidance. For instance,
Green Globes, a green building management tool,
incorporated EPA's energy performance rating (Target
Finder) into its green building assessment. The
USGBC's LEED Advanced Workshops and Energy
Simulation Workshop include training on how to set
energy targets, and LEED-NC added a requirement
that new construction projects use Target Finder to
document the whole-building energy use expected from
the building submitted for certification.
• Innovative Design of Raleigh, North Carolina, was the
first architecture firm to receive national recognition
from EPA for energy-efficient design.
Making More Commercial Products Available.
EPA promotes the purchase of certain commercial
products as a key strategy for saving energy in private and
public sector buildings. Program efforts focus on office
equipment, commercial food service equipment, and
lighting (exit signs and LED traffic signals), among others.
EPA also assists partners in adopting and enabling
computer power management, a proven energy and cost
saving tool. EPA is working to keep the ENERGY STAR
specifications for these products up to date, as well as to
add new product categories with a focus on providing a
suite of efficient products for the commercial food service
sector (see Table 12 on p. 18 and Table 16).
Helping Small Businesses Save Energy. Small
businesses and faith-based organizations have tremendous
opportunity to cost-effectively reduce energy use, which is
critical to keeping their energy costs manageable and
making significant contributions that benefit the
environment. ENERGY STAR guidance helps these
organizations find effective energy solutions. In 2005, EPA:
• Improved the ease of use of its ENERGY STAR Small
Business guide by producing a Web-based version of
the popular "Putting Energy into Profits Guidebook,"
which was downloaded more than 8,000 times in 2005-
• Produced a new energy efficiency guide specifically
tailored to automobile dealerships in conjunction with
the National Automobile Dealers Association (NADA),
which will print 20,000 copies and distribute them to
members.
• Made plans to implement the Energy Policy Act
of 2005, signed in November 2005, which directed
EPA to provide "special outreach to small business"
in conjunction with the U.S. Small Business
Administration and DOE.
Building the Market for Services. In 2005, EPA
continued to partner with organizations such as energy
service providers, utilities, state energy groups, and public
benefits funds administrators to provide clear, accurate
information to energy end-users about opportunities for
improving energy performance. Highlights include:
• To meet a California Executive Order requiring a
20-percent reduction in energy use in state buildings by
34
-------
ENERGY STAR IN THE COMMERCIAL SECTOR
FIGURE 14. BUILDING BENCHMARKING ACTIVITY BY STATE
Increasing Building Benchmarking Activity
<1mmsq.ft. 1-5mmsq.ft. 5-10mmsq.ft. >10mmsq.ft.
TABLE 16. ENERGY STAR COMMERCIAL PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS REVISED AND IN PROGRESS
PRODUCT CATEGORY
Computers
Commercial dishwashers
Copiers
Printers and fax machines
Roof products
Scanners
Vending machines
YEAR INTRODUCED
AND (YEAR REVISED)
1992 (2006)
2006
1995
1993, 1994
1999 (2006)
1997
2004 (2006)
RESPONSIBLE
AGENCY
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
EPA
STATUS OF ACTIVITY
IN 2005
Revision starting in 2006
New specification to be
finalized in 2007
Revision in progress
Revision in progress
Revision in progress
Revision in progress
Revision in progress
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 35
-------
2015, the California Energy Commission (CEC),
California State Department of General Services, and
EPA collaborated to use EPA's energy performance
rating to assess the energy use of state buildings.
• The EPA energy performance rating was successfully
implemented in programs promoting whole-building
energy saving improvements by NSTAR, National
Grid, Connecticut Light and Power, and the Business
Council of Fairfield County, Connecticut (SACIA).
Other program administrators provided the
Consortium for Energy Efficiency (GEE) with the
information to develop a whole-building performance
program model in cooperation with their national
membership of utilities and energy efficiency program
administrators.
• In collaboration with the energy services industry,
EPA and the National Association of Energy Service
Companies (NAESCO) trained over 500 energy
service professionals from about 250 companies on
the use of ENERGY STAR tools and resources to
deliver objective energy assessments to energy users.
• EPA expanded ENERGY STAR to energy billing and
tracking services by launching the ENERGY STAR
Exchange Services with nine service providers in the fall
of 2005- Anyone using these billing services can
automatically receive ENERGY STAR ratings across
their building portfolio.
What to Expect in 2006 and Beyond
EPA will continue to work with its commercial sector
partners to promote energy management and improvements in
building energy use. Specifically, EPA will:
• Continue to promote the ENERGY STAR Challenge
by increasing the number of participating organizations and
reaching more building owners to assist them in
reducing energy demand in their buildings. EPA will
also expand its partnerships with all current Challenge
participants, including the BOMA BEEP program, to
build on their early successes and bring energy
efficiency to more building owners.
• Refine and expand EPA's energy performance rating
system. EPA will work collaboratively with additional
stakeholders—including those in retail, higher
education, and restaurants—to bring meaningful energy
performance benchmarks and energy efficiency
guidance to the market. EPA will also update the
energy performance rating system based on new
commercial building energy use survey information.
EPA expects to add water use tracking, another
important measure of efficient management and
environmental performance.
I Update energy-efficient product specifications for office
equipment, refrigerated vending machines, and
commercial roof products to increase their stringency.
EPA will also add commercial dishwashers to the
ENERGY STAR suite of qualifying commercial kitchen
products (see p. 35).
I Continue to expand its emphasis on portfolio-wide
energy savings. EPA will launch new efforts to allow all
types of organizations to track and measure energy
savings across their entire portfolio and to receive
recognition for reaching important milestones.
I Work with the General Services Administration (GSA)
and other federal agencies to make energy efficiency
requirements part of government procurement and
leasing policy starting with the facilities that house EPA
employees.
I Work with other organizations to ensure that green
buildings are energy efficient and deliver the financial
and environmental benefits expected by owners. EPA
will collaborate with federal agencies, AIA, and
organizations that develop green rating systems to
ensure that appropriate energy metrics are incorporated,
including EPA's energy performance rating.
I Make information available to ENERGY STAR
partners on how to use the energy efficiency tax
incentives to further their energy efficiency goals;
provide real estate owners guidance on how to use
ENERGY STAR to find the best building opportunities;
and offer EPA's energy performance rating as an
important tool to include in supporting documentation
for the tax deduction.
I Collaborate with small business associations and
development centers, DOE, and the Small Business
Administration to bring ENERGY STAR to this
market, as intended by the Energy Policy Act of 2005-
I Continue efforts to integrate ENERGY STAR into
state and utility energy efficiency programs to help
organizations make cost-effective energy reductions of
10 percent or more.
36
-------
ENERGY STAR IN THE COMMERCIAL SECTOR
PARTNER OF THE YEAR—ENERGY MANAGEMENT
GRESHAM-BARLOW SCHOOL DISTRICT 10JT.
GRESHAM, OREGON
Gresham-Barlow School District 10Jt. serves more than 12,000 students in 19 K-12 schools. In
1998, to reduce energy and water consumption, the district adopted an energy policy and began
investing in building infrastructure, energy-efficient equipment, and energy management
software. Since then, Gresham-Barlow has decreased its overall energy use by 46 percent and
saved a total of $4.3 million. For the school year 2004/2005, the district avoided more than $1
million in utility costs, equivalent to salaries for over 20 teaching positions. As a result of its
partnership with the energy services company Save More Resources, which offers EPA's new automated rating
feature, the district automatically tracks the impact of its efficiency program using EPA's energy performance
rating for all schools. Gresham-Barlow School District 10 has earned the ENERGY STAR label for 12 of its schools,
more than half, and is the first school district in the nation to achieve a 30-point improvement in energy
performance. The energy team has developed a successful model for achieving buy-in from district executives, as
well as principals and onsite staff, creating an environment where custodians, students, and teachers work
together to save energy. Gresham-Barlow School District 10 is committed to promoting, educating, modeling, and
teaching other school districts about their energy management system at conferences and workshops throughout
the Pacific Northwest.
MARRIOTT INTERNATIONAL, INC.
WASHINGTON, DC
In 2005, Marriott International, Inc. continued to build on its ambitious energy
management achievements and took energy management to the next level. The success
of its energy management program is rooted in the strong commitment of senior
corporate leaders to responsible environmental stewardship. Marriott's strategy has
ranged from simple behavior modifications to lighting replacements to the introduction of new technologies. The
company has integrated energy management into daily operations through the active participation of all Marriott
associates. To involve staff, the hotels hold contests with prizes for the best energy-saving tips and for the 10 best
Energy Awareness Week posters. In 2005, Marriott introduced a retro-commissioning program and launched
a 6-month re-lamping campaign to replace all lighting with the most energy-efficient option. Marriott has now
rated 580 properties, moving closer to its goal of benchmarking 100 percent of its 980 properties. More than
150 properties have earned the ENERGY STAR label. Through its energy management program, Marriott has
achieved annual energy savings of more than $5 million and prevented the emissions of more than 68,000 tons
of greenhouse gases.
NEW YORK-PRESBYTERIAN HOSPITAL
NEW YORK, NEW YORK
An ENERGY STAR Award winner 2 years in a row. New I WpwYork-PrCSbvtGriSn
York-Presbyterian Hospital (NYPH), which includes the _ Thfi Universjty Hospjta| jfColumbia and Cornell
university hospitals of Columbia and Cornell, employs
more than 5,000 physicians and delivers comprehensive
medical services to residents of New York City and its surrounding boroughs. NYPH joined ENERGY STAR in
2003, recognizing that every dollar saved on energy costs is a dollar that can be devoted to healthcare delivery or
medical research. NYPH continues to implement a multi-million dollar initiative throughout its facilities. In 2005,
the hospital system saved more than 4.5 million kWh of electricity (worth $823,000), increased the average energy
performance rating across its portfolio by 14 points, and earned the ENERGY STAR label for both hospitals. NYPH
has embarked on an ambitious system-wide mission to communicate the value of energy efficiency using
newsletters and posters, employee incentives, and presentations to its network affiliates. The financial value of
New York Presbyterian Hospital's energy savings is equivalent to generating more than $16 million in new business.
Highlights of more 2005 Award winners may be found at energystar.gov/awards.
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 37
-------
ENERGY STAR IN THE
INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
Manufacturing requires the input of substantial amounts
of energy; therefore, companies that control costs by
trimming energy use can improve their competitive
advantage. EPA's industrial work began in the early
1990s with the Green Lights and Climate Wise programs
and by 2000 was folded into ENERGY STAR. Through
ENERGY STAR, EPA works with industries to help them
strategically manage energy use, improve overall energy
efficiency, and earn distinction as environmental stewards.
EPA offers guidance on energy management, energy
performance measurement tools, and peer exchange
opportunities, which enable manufacturers to measure,
monitor, manage, and continuously improve their
energy use.
Achievements in 2005
Fostering Energy Savings Through Industrial
FoCUSeS. By 2000, EPA had developed a robust energy
management program for the commercial sector that
included a new energy performance benchmarking
approach for buildings to help building owners target
energy efficiency investments and stimulate energy
savings. In consultation with industry, EPA embarked
upon developing similar energy management tools for the
industrial sector, working with companies within specific
sectors to address the unique energy efficiency barriers
they face. These Industrial Focuses offer:
• Guidance on strategic energy management
• An industry-specific energy guide identifying the
barriers to efficiency and options for overcoming them
• Peer exchange opportunities
• Plant-level energy performance indicators (EPIs) for
gauging the energy efficiency of manufacturing plants
and targeting improvements where systems do not exist
By 2005, eight industries were actively engaged with EPA in
these efforts (see Table 17). Highlights of 2005 include:
• Three new focus industries were added—food
processing, glass manufacturing, and water/wastewater
treatment—as EPA partnered with them to develop
standardized measurement tools, industry-specific best
practices, and peer exchange opportunities.
• EPA advanced the existing industry focus partnerships
with automobile manufacturing, cement, corn refining,
pharmaceuticals, and petroleum refining by developing
sector-specific energy management guidance and
engaging the majority of companies in these sectors in
discussions of best practices.
• EPA also made steady progress in developing plant
level energy performance indicators, including
(1) completing the first industrial plant EPI for
automobile assembly plants located in the United States,
(2) bringing two additional EPIs for cement plants and
corn refineries close to completion, and (3) developing
preliminary guidelines on how these industries can earn
the ENERGY STAR for demonstrating superior energy
and environmental performance.
• Companies reached out to peers to share their success
with ENERGY STAR and improved energy
management. EPA is pleased to share the letter written
by the chairman of the Portland Cement Association to
his executive counterparts throughout the industry,
urging them to set clear direction for strategic energy
management in their companies (see letter p. 41).
Working Broadly with Industry. Beyond the focus
industries, EPA works with a large variety of
manufacturing companies through ENERGY STAR.
EPA supports these partners with energy management
resources on the ENERGY STAR Web site,
communication materials, an active network of energy
managers, and recognition for superior energy
management. Highlights of the past year include:
• The total number of industrial companies committing to
improve their energy use by partnering with ENERGY
STAR grew to more than 450 in 2005-
• More industrial and commercial partners than ever
participated in the ENERGY STAR peer exchange
network, as Webcasts and networking meetings were
held to address such topics as (1) helping partners assess
their energy programs and identify actions for
improvement, (2) enabling companies to audit plants
and buildings for energy efficiency upgrade
opportunities, and (3) benchmarking energy use of
facilities to empower organizations to set challenging
goals. Participating partners indicated that they have
learned valuable energy management information
through ENERGY STAR networking and that they
intend to use it in their operations. Overall, EPA saw
-------
ENERGY STAR IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
TABLE 17. SUMMARY OF EPA ENERGY STAR INDUSTRIAL FOCUSES
FOCUS
CEMENT
MANUFACTURING
CORN REFINING
FOOD PROCESSING
GLASS
MANUFACTURING
MOTOR VEHICLE
MANUFACTURING
PETROLEUM
INDUSTRY
PHARMACEUTICALS
WATER AND
WASTEWATER
FUELAND
ELECTRICITY
COST($)*
(IN MILLIONS $)
$1,200
$800
$1,000
$950
$900
$7,600
$700
$4,000
YEARS
ACTIVE
2
3
NEW
NEW
4
1
1
NEW
SCOPE
50 percent of U.S. -based clinker**
production capacity
95 percent of U.S. -based refining
capacity
80 percent of U.S. processed fruit,
vegetable, and grain sales
50 percent of U.S. flat, container,
and fiberglass sales
75 percent of the industry with
U.S.-based production.
64 percent of U.S.-based refining
capacity
Over 50 percent of the global and
U.S. manufacturing capacity
40 percent of the total
U.S. population represented
PEER EXCHANGE
OPPORTUNITY
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
INDUSTRY
ENERGY
GUIDE
Complete
Complete
In process
In process
Complete
Complete
Complete
In process
ENERGY
PERFORMANCE
INDICATOR
Final draft
Final draft
In process
In process
Final, beginning updates
Exploring options
In process
In process
' Source: "Statistics for Industry Groups and Industries: 2004."Annual Survey of Manufacturers. Table 4. U.S. Census Bureau. December 2005.
'* Clinker is the output from a cement kiln.
SUSTAINED EXCELLENCE AWARD WINNERS
3M
ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA
3M, a diversified technology company with a worldwide presence, continues to demonstrate outstanding
leadership in improving energy performance. 3M's dedication to company-wide involvement in energy
management yielded a 9-percent improvement in the energy efficiency of its facilities worldwide from
2004 levels. Continuous improvement over the past 5 years has enabled 3M to reduce energy intensity by almost
34 percent and save more than $82 million, surpassing the company's energy reduction targets. As an active
ENERGY STAR partner, 3M has promoted the benefits of energy efficiency and best management practices to
employees, surrounding communities, and other U.S. manufacturing industries. 3M's energy management system
is well-known among U.S. industrial companies and serves as a model for them.
TOYOTA MOTOR MANUFACTURING NORTH AMERICA, INC.
ERLANGER, KENTUCKY
The principle of continuous improvement is the foundation for environmental and energy management
at Toyota Motor Manufacturing North America (TMMNA). In 2005, TMMNA continued to follow its
successful path by achieving an 8-percent reduction per vehicle in energy consumption. All of this
was accomplished within a business environment where new manufacturing capabilities were added
and total vehicle production increased. In addition to a corporate-wide energy management system,
Toyota Motor Manufacturing completed a study of new generation lighting in its plants, transferred its facility
assessment process to the plant level, and established an energy benchmarking procedure for its North American
auto assembly plants using EPA's energy performance indicator. All TMMNA assembly plants scored well,
indicating their energy-efficient operation.
TOYOTA
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 39
-------
participation grow to include nearly 400 participants in
2005, representing close to 200 organizations.
• New materials are now available to guide companies in
improving energy management. These include "A
Roadmap for Strategic Energy Planning and
Management," which EPA supported through The
Conference Board, a leading organization that engages
corporate managers in strategic business issues. The
Roadmap helps companies systematically develop and
implement corporate energy management programs. At
the end of 2005, EPA also released a guide on building
internal energy teams to help organizations take a key
step in implementing more effective energy programs.
The guide, titled "Teaming Up to Save Energy," draws
on the best practices from ENERGY STAR partners
whose strong energy programs have consistently
reduced energy use. Initial partner reaction has been
positive, and several corporations have expressed an
interest in distributing the guide across their entire
organization to educate employees about managing
energy.
• Two ENERGY STAR industrial partners were
recognized in 2005 for Sustained Excellence in Energy
Management: 3M and Toyota Motor Manufacturing
North America. Recipients of the Sustained Excellence
award continually challenge their organizations to
improve energy efficiency and consistently meet the
challenge. Both organizations have advanced company-
wide energy management systems that annually achieve
substantial energy savings (see p. 39). Additional
industrial partners were also recognized with ENERGY
STAR awards in 2005-
What to Expect in 2006 and Beyond
In the coming years, EPA will expand its efforts to offer
industrial companies assistance in reducing costs and
improving environmental performance through energy
efficiency. For example, EPA will:
• Continue industrial focuses with the eight interested
sectors. EPA expects to finalize three industrial EPIs—
for the cement and corn refining industries, and an
updated EPI for auto assembly—and to make
important progress in developing EPIs for the other
sectors by the end of 2006. EPA will also expand the
scope of some of the industrial focuses based on sector-
specific interests and requests, including addressing
energy efficiency opportunities outside of vehicle
assembly operations with the vehicle manufacturers,
incorporating water-saving measures into the corn
refining and food processing industry focuses, and
developing a second EPI for the food processing
industry for cereal production plants. EPA will continue
to support peer exchange forums for these sectors in
2006 and beyond, including holding the first industry
meetings with the glass and food processing industries.
I Add two new industrial sectors to its industrial focus
initiative: petrochemical producers and the pulp and
paper industry in 2006, and thereafter expect to add
two industrial sectors each year.
I Based on the sector-specific EPIs, offer a system for
labeling energy-efficient U.S.-based plants with the
ENERGY STAR. EPA expects that facilities in the auto
assembly, wet corn milling, and cement manufacturing
industries will have earned the ENERGY STAR by the
end of 2006.
I Expand the capability of companies to benchmark or
rate the energy performance of all types of facilities by
producing a guide on how to benchmark energy use.
This guide will enable corporate energy managers to
understand how to approach benchmarking as an
important energy management practice and enable
them to evaluate, compare, and improve the energy
performance of their facilities, particularly where EPA
has not provided benchmarks as part of its national
energy performance rating system.
I Develop new energy management assessment tools.
EPA will develop an energy management assessment
matrix designed to evaluate the energy management
practices in use at individual plants and buildings and
to guide managers toward best practices. This plant-
level assessment tool will complement the existing
assessment matrix for evaluating the performance of
corporate energy management programs.
I Work with leading U.S. business executives to identify
the energy management strategies that can be used to
manage energy effectively and competitively over the
next decade.
I Continue to recognize excellence in industrial energy
management.
40
-------
ENERGY STAR IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
CALIFORNIA PORTLAND CEMENT COMPANY
2025 E. FINANCIAL WAY, GLENDORA, CA 91741 / TEL. (626) 852-6200 FAX (626) 963-9630
Dear Colleagues:
The U.S. cement industry is vibrant and thriving. As the leaders of this vital industry, we have the
unparalleled opportunity to positively position our businesses, help the national economy, and
promote practices that improve the environment through increased energy efficiency.
Energy is a major expense for this industry, often occupying up to 50% of variable costs. Profit
erosion due to rising prices is a serious threat. At the same time, some governments are moving
forward to control energy's impacts on the environment. Since most of us operate multinationally,
somewhere in the world we are faced with paying the cost of controlling carbon emissions, or will
be in the future. Further, consider that the Europeans are just beginning to evaluate the impacts of
embedded energy in building materials. Imagine how this might affect our products.
As leaders, we must reduce energy use and remain viable in the future. We need to think
progressively and act to minimize the risks, commit to sustainable energy management practices,
and set clear directions for managing energy in our operations.
At California Portland Cement Company, I charged my staff with developing an energy
management system that spans all operations. To date, we have saved over a million dollars in less
than 2 years. We did this by deliberately making energy management part of our core business, by
creating a corporate function for energy, and by viewing energy as a profit center for our business.
Many of us have made attempts to manage energy through hit-or-miss efforts, gathering the easy
energy savings and accepting average performance. Remember this, without a permanent,
centralized program, low-hanging fruit will grow back and the initial savings you achieve will be
quickly lost. I encourage you to create an effective and permanent energy management program in
your company.
California Portland Cement Company took advantage of its partnership with the ENERGY STAR
program to identify the steps we needed to take. Most of you are partners and as such have a
variety of resources available to help you successfully manage energy. If you have questions about
how to do this, contact our Corporate Energy Manager Steve Coppinger at (626) 852-6200 or
Tom Carter of the Portland Cement Association at (202) 408-9494.
Sincerely,
J^imes Repman
Chairman, Portland Cement Association
'Chief Executive Officer
California, Portland Cement Company
Cc: Stephen L. Johnson, Administrator
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 41
-------
PROGRAM EVALUATION: MEASURING RESULTS IN THE ENERGY STAR PROGRAM
In 2005, the ENERGY STAR program helped Americans save more than $12 billion on their energy bills while
avoiding 34.2 million metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions—emissions equivalent to those from about
23 million vehicles.8 The benefits resulting from key program strategies are estimated as outlined below.
ENERGY STAR PRODUCTS AND NEW HOMES
By 2005, more than 2 billion ENERGY STAR qualifying products had been purchased, and more than 500,000 ENERGY
STAR new homes had been constructed. These efforts are estimated to have saved 69.3 billion kWh of electricity and
$6.8 billion on energy bills, while avoiding 15.2 MMTCE of greenhouse gas emissions. These estimates were
developed as follows:9
PRODUCTS
• Sales of products due to the ENERGY STAR program are
determined as those above and beyond established
business-as-usual purchases of these products. These sales
are estimated by:
• Collecting annual sales data on ENERGY STAR qualifying
products from participating product manufacturers as a
condition of partnership and supplementing these data by
industry reports on total annual product sales as
necessary. These data are screened and issues resolved.
• Using established business-as-usual baselines for annual
product sales for each product category. These baselines
use historic data and expert judgment and typically reflect
increasing market shares for efficient products and
increasing product efficiencies over time.
• Annual energy savings are calculated using established
values for the difference in annual energy use between a
single ENERGY STAR product and a typically purchased
product. For these values, EPA:
• Assumes that ENERGY STAR products just meet the
ENERGY STAR thresholds, even though there are some
products that exceed this level.
• Assumes the typically purchased product meets minimum
efficiency standards where standards exist or uses the
average energy use for the product category where there
are no standards.
• Supports primary data collection, such as product
metering to collect power use information, where
additional information is necessary to estimate
energy savings.
• Peak power savings are estimated using product-specific
factors that reflect the contribution of the annual energy
savings from a product to peak load savings.
• Net energy bill savings reflect the incremental purchase
price of ENERGY STAR qualifying products, where there is a
price premium, and use national sector-specific fuel prices.
• Avoided emissions of greenhouse gases are determined
using marginal emissions factors for CO2 derived from
energy efficiency scenario runs of national energy models.
EPA is currently using the integrated utility dispatch model.
Integrated Planning Model (IPM9), to estimate these
emissions factors.10
• The potential for double-counting benefits, such as counting
the energy savings from ENERGY STAR qualifying HVAC
equipment installed in new ENERGY STAR homes in both
areas, is addressed.
NEW HOMES
• EPA receives data quarterly from third-party
verifiers (home energy raters) on the number
of homes they verified to be ENERGY STAR,
as a condition of program partnership. These
raters abide by a set of quality assurance
practices to ensure data quality. In addition,
EPA reviews the submitted data and resolves
any data irregularities.
• EPA recognizes that some new homes that
qualify for ENERGY STAR are not a direct
result of the program and that many homes
built to ENERGY STAR levels due to the
program are not labeled or reported to the
program. Currently, EPA estimates the former
number of homes to be lower than the latter.
• Annual energy savings are calculated using
established values for the energy savings
from a home that meets the ENERGY STAR
level relative to a home built to code. Energy
bill savings are calculated using average
national energy prices for the residential
sector.
• Peak power savings and avoided emissions
of greenhouse gases are determined using
approaches similar to those described for
products.
42
-------
ENERGY STAR IN THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
EPA estimates that 71.7 billion kWh and $4.6 billion
were saved while avoiding 14.8 MMTCE of greenhouse
gas emissions due to ENERGY STAR commercial
sector efforts in 2005. EPA estimates these benefits
as follows:11
• Annual electricity savings are determined using a
peer-reviewed methodology developed for the
commercial building sector, which estimates national
electricity savings due to market transformation
programs throughout the United States. The
methodology uses more than a decade of economic,
product shipment, and other time-series data. It
distinguishes electricity savings attributable to
energy efficiency programs such as ENERGY STAR
and those attributed to market effects such as
declining prices for efficient products. It also
distinguishes the electricity savings from utility-run
demand-side management programs and other
market transformation programs, such as DOE's
Rebuild and FEMP programs and regional energy
efficiency programs, so that the estimated annual
electricity savings from ENERGY STAR do not
overlap with these efforts.
• The peak power savings are estimated using system
specific factors that reflect the contribution of the
energy savings from lighting and other building
improvements to peak load savings.
• Net energy bill savings reflect the incremental
investment in ENERGY STAR measures determined
by using simple payback period decision criteria and
use national commercial sector fuel prices.
• Avoided emissions of greenhouse gases are
determined using marginal emissions factors for CO2
as discussed above.
• The potential for double-counting, such as including
the electricity savings from ENERGY STAR office
equipment used in commercial buildings, has been
addressed.
INDUSTRY
EPA partners in the industrial sector are estimated to
have saved 10.2 billion kWh and $1.2 billion and
avoided 4.2 MMTCE of greenhouse gas emissions in
2005. EPA estimates program benefits as follows:
• Industrial partners use one of two methods to report
greenhouse gas emissions reductions. Either
partners file reports under the federal Voluntary
Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Program (1605(b))
that are reviewed by EPA or, in a small number of
cases, EPA works with individual companies to
estimate their emissions reductions.
• EPA adjusts the reported results to account for
business-as-usual improvements, structural changes
in the sector that do not reflect efficiency
improvements such as plant sales or closures, and
program benefits attributable to the commercial
building efforts or other federal programs. Process-
related actions are included in the results, whereas
activities such as recycling, lighting improvements,
and transportation improvements are not.
8 EPA's ENERGY STAR Qualified Products and Homes, Buildings, and Industry sector savings are $6.8, $4.6 billion, and $1.2 billion respectively. Greenhouse gas savings from
EPA Qualified Products, Homes, Buildings, and Industrial sectors are 14.8,0.3,14.8, and 4.2 MMTCE, respectively for a total of 34.2 MMTCE.
9 For more details on many aspects of this method, see the peer-reviewed articles, "Savings Potential of ENERGY STAR Voluntary Labeling Programs," by Carrie A. Webber
and Richard E. Brown; and "Savings Estimates for the ENERGY STAR® Voluntary Labeling Program: 2001 Status Report" by Carrie A Webber, et al.
1" For more details on IPM, see "Documentation Summary for EPA Base Case 2004 (V.2.1.9) Using the Integrated Planning Model" at http://www.epa.gov/airmarkets/epa-
ipm/docsummary.pdf.
11 For more details on many aspects of this method, see Marvin J. Horowitz, "Electricity Intensity in the Commercial Sector: Market and Public Program Effects," The Energy
Journal, Vol 25, No. 2, Spring 2004, pp. 115-137, and "Economic Indicators of Market Transformation: Energy Efficient Lighting and EPA's Green Lights," The Energy
Journal, Vol. 22, No. 4, Fall 2001, pp. 95 - 122.
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 43
-------
CLEAN ENERGY
SUPPLY PROGRAMS
EPA is having success with two partnership programs,
introduced in 2001 as part of the President's National
Energy Policy, that were designed to increase the adoption
of clean energy supply technologies across the United
States. These programs, the Green Power Partnership and
the Combined Heat and Power Partnership, provide
partners with technical resources, credible benchmarks,
access to expertise, and recognition for environmental
leadership. The programs help partners find cost-effective
solutions to meeting their energy needs. Efficient and
clean energy supply options such as combined heat and
power (CHP) and renewable energy resources are
attractive options for many organizations as they face
escalating fossil fuel prices and volatile energy markets.
Clean energy supply also helps reduce emissions of criteria
air pollutants and greenhouse gases, lower energy costs,
and improve the reliability and security of our energy
system. In 2005, EPA's Clean Energy Supply programs
reduced greenhouse gas emissions by 3-1 million metric
tons of carbon equivalent (see Table 18).
&EPA
GREEN
POWER
PARTNERSHIP
Green Power Partnership
Fortune 500 corporations,
colleges and universities,
government agencies, and
local communities all
significantly increased their green power purchasing in
2005 as part of EPA's Green Power Partnership, making it
an outstanding year for the partnership. Partners are
finding that purchasing electricity from renewable
resources is an easy, effective way to reduce the
environmental impact of their operations, hedge against
volatile energy prices, stand out from the competition,
generate goodwill, and demonstrate environmental
leadership. Because of this group's significant combined
buying power, electricity providers are responding with
new and improved products for the green power market.'2
In 2005, the Green Power Partnership:
• Increased the national visibility of its leading green
power purchasers with the introduction of the Top 25
Partners list, which was picked up by media such as
USA Today, Newsweek, Dow Jones, ABC News,
MSNBC, CNN, and National Public Radio.
• Rolled out the Green Power Communities, which helps
forward-thinking communities encourage citizens and
businesses to purchase green power.
• Grew to 600 partners, with the addition of 95 new
partners, and green power purchases totaling 4 billion
kilowatt-hours (kWh) annually, 60 percent more than
in 2004 and enough to power 375,000 homes
(see Figure 15).
• Presented 22 Green Power Leadership Awards to top
purchasers of green power and onsite renewable power
systems (see Table 19).
What to Expect in 2006 and Beyond
In the coming years, EPA will engage many new
organizations in purchasing green power. EPA will launch
a green power challenge for colleges and universities and
add two new Top Partner lists for local governments and
federal agencies. Overall, EPA hopes to engage new and
existing partners to purchase 6 billion kWh of green
power in the coming year. EPA also intends to update the
program requirements for joining the Green Power
Partnership to reflect the changing green power
marketplace.
TABLE 18. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AVOIDED BY EPA'S CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS (MMTCE)
Clean Energy Supply Programs
2002
0.5
2003
1.0
2004
2.0
2005
3.1
44
12 NREL, 2006. Price Trends in Green Power Purchases by Large Commercial and Institutional Customers. Prepared for the Climate Protection Partnerships Division.
-------
CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
FIGURE 15. PARTNER GREEN POWER PURCHASES AND RESULTING GHG EMISSIONS AVOIDED SINCE 2001
m
to
LU
CO
o
cc
7,000,000
6,000,000
5,000,000
4,000,000
3,000,000
2,000,000
1,000,000
0
2001 2002 2003 2004
• ANNUAL PURCHASES BY EPA PARTNERS • MICE AVOIDED
2005
Q
LU
O
o
LU
O
TABLE 19. EPA RECOGNIZED 22 LEADING GREEN POWER PARTNERS IN 2005
GREEN POWER
ON SITE GENERATION AWARD
GREEN POWER
PURCHASING AWARD
GREEN POWER
PARTNER OF THE YEAR
Aspen Skiing Company
Aspen, Colorado
City of Fresno
General Services Department
Fresno, California
City of Vallejo, California
Vallejo, California
County of Alameda
Oakland, California
FedEx Express-Oakland Hub
Facility
Oakland California
St. Francis Winery & Vineyards
Santa Rosa, California
University of Minnesota, Morris
Morris, Minnesota
Atlantic Golf, a Division of the
Brick Companies
Edgewater, Maryland
Dagoba Organic Chocolate
Ashland, Oregon
Green Mountain Coffee Roasters
Waterbury, Vermont
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts
Hyatt Regency Dallas & Hyatt
Regency DFW
Dallas, Texas
Mohawk Fine Papers, Inc.
Cohoes, New York
Safeway Inc.
Pleasanton, California
Starbucks Coffee
Seattle, Washington
Western Washington University
Bellingham, Washington
Whole Foods Market-Rocky
Mountain Region
Austin, Texas
The World Bank Group
Washington, D.C.
HSBC North America
Buffalo, New York
Johnson & Johnson
New Brunswick, New Jersey
U.S. Air Force
WhiteWave Foods
Company
Boulder, Colorado
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 45
-------
Combined Heat and Power Partnership
CHP
&EPA COMBINED HEAT AND
POWER PARTNERSHIP
Through the CHP partnership,
EPA works in collaboration with
partners—including energy
users, project developers,
equipment suppliers, and federal, state, and local policy
makers—to address key barriers to further investment in
cost-effective CHP The program continues its work
reaching out to key markets for CHP deployment. In
2005, EPA provided market analysis for three strategic
sectors (dry mill ethanol production, hotels and casinos,
and wastewater treatment plants) through targeted
outreach, technical assistance, and multiple speaking
engagements.
In 2005, the CHP Partnership:
• Grew to 170 partners by adding 33 new partners,
including Alliant Energy Generation, City of Palo Alto
Utilities, Chevron Energy Solutions, Cornell University,
Johnson & Johnson, and New York Presbyterian
Hospital.
• Facilitated more than 30 new CHP projects, totaling
1,120 megawatts (MW) of new CHP capacity, for a
total of nearly 3,500 MW since the program's inception
(see Figure 16).
• Awarded 28 ENERGY STAR CHP Awards and
Partnership certificates for highly efficient, exemplary
CHP projects (see Table 20).
• Provided technical assistance to an additional
40 new projects.
What to Expect in 2006 and Beyond
EPA will provide assistance in the development of about
30 new CHP projects, representing about 800 MW of
new CHP capacity for each of the next few years. EPA
will continue to work with the rapidly growing ethanol
industry, begin working with the U.S. Department of
Agriculture's Rural Development Business Programs to
provide project facilitation services to rural renewable
energy projects that offer significant environmental and
economic development benefits, and provide technical
assistance to states considering policies that promote CHP
PROGRAM EVALUATION: MEASURING RESULTS IN THE CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PARTNERSHIP
GREEN POWER PARTNERSHIP
Program partners such as project owners voluntarily
provide project-specific information on newly
operational CHP projects to EPA. These data are
screened and any issues resolved.
Energy savings are determined on a project-by-project
basis, based on fuel mix and project use. Estimates of
the use of electricity, oil, and natural gas are developed,
as well as the efficiency of use or generation, as
appropriate.
Emissions reductions are calculated on a project-by-
project basis to reflect the greater efficiency of on-site
CHP. Avoided emissions of greenhouse gases from
more efficient electricity generation are determined
using marginal emissions factors derived from energy
efficiency scenario runs of an integrated utility dispatch
model—IPM®, and displaced emissions from boiler
produced thermal energy are developed through
engineering estimates. In addition, emissions
reductions may include avoided transmission and
distribution losses, as appropriate.
Only the emissions reductions from projects that meet
the assistance criteria for the program are included in
the program benefit estimates. EPA also addresses the
potential for double counting of the benefits between
this and other partnerships by having program staff
meet annually to identify and resolve any overlap
issues.
As a condition of partnership, program partners submit
data on their purchases of qualifying green power
products annually. These data are screened and any
issues resolved.
Avoided emissions of greenhouse gases are determined
using marginal emissions factors for CO2 derived from
scenario runs of an integrated utility dispatch model,
Integrated Planning Model (IPM®).
The potential for double counting, such as counting
green power purchases that may be required as part of
a renewable portfolio standard or may rely on
resources that are already part of the system mix is
addressed through a partnership requirement that
green power purchases be incremental to what may
already be required.
EPA estimates that the vast majority of the green power
purchases made by program partners are due to the
partnership, as partners comply with aggressive green
power procurement requirements (usually at incremental
cost) to remain in the program. Further, EPA estimates
that its efforts to foster a growing voluntary green
power market have likely led to additional voluntary
green power purchases that have not been reported
through the program.
46
-------
CLEAN ENERGY SUPPLY PROGRAMS
FIGURE 16. CAPACITY OF COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PROJECTS BY STATE AS OF 2005
Increasing Participation
<5mw 5-50mw 51-500mw >500mw
TABLE 20. EPA RECOGNIZED 28 LEADING COMBINED HEAT AND POWER PROJECTS IN 2005
2005 ENERGY STAR CHP AWARD WINNERS
2005 CHP CERTIFICATE OF RECOGNITION WINNERS
Arrow Linen Supply Company
New York
Greenpark Care Center; American DG New York, LLC
New York
Hermany Farms Dairy; American DG New York, LLC
New York
Hexion Specialty Chemicals, Inc.
New York
Middlebury College
Vermont
Mohegan Sun
Connecticut
Rego Park Nursing Home; AES-NJ Cogen Co. Inc.
New York
St. Francis Hospital and Medical Center
Connecticut
Sea Rise I; Bay Park I Associates
New York
Sea Rise II; Bay Park II Associates
New York
South Houston Green Power 2; Cinergy Solutions, Inc.,
and BP Global Power
Texas
University of Maryland, College Park
Maryland
University of Texas at Austin
Texas
Weyerhaeuser Albany Containerboard Mill
Oregon
Weyerhaeuser Hawesville Complex
Kentucky
4C Foods
New York
10 West 66th Street Corporation
New York
30 North LaSalle; Equity Office Properties
Illinois
Beaumont Refinery Project; ExxonMobil Corporation
Texas
Federal Research Center—White Oak Central Utility
Plant; General Services Administration
Maryland
Holliswood Care; American DG New York, LLC
New York
La Jolla Medical Center; Department of Veterans Affairs
California
Manchester Tank; NiSource Energy Technologies
Indiana
South Windsor High School
Connecticut
University of Cincinnati
Ohio
Utilimaster; NiSource Energy Technologies
Indiana
Vestil Manufacturing; NiSource Energy Technologies
Indiana
Waldbaums Supermarket; A&P Tea Company
New York
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 47
-------
STATE AND LOCAL
PROGRAMS AND
INITIATIVES
Since 1992, EPA's State and Local Programs have been
providing state and local governments with assistance in
their efforts to develop policies and programs to reduce
energy costs, improve energy efficiency, lower greenhouse
gas emissions, improve air quality and public health, and
promote economic development. With the demand for
energy expected to climb 40 percent by the year 2025 and
about 126 million people living in counties where
monitored air is unhealthy at one or more times during
the year, state and local officials are interested in solutions.
There are many available clean energy policies for state
and local governments to explore and develop. EPA
estimates that if all 50 states implemented cost-effective
clean energy and environment policies, the projected
growth in demand for electricity could be cut in half by
2025; while the additional remaining increase in demand
could be met with cleaner energy supplies. This translates
into an annual savings of $70 billion in energy costs by
2025, avoiding the need for more than 300 power plants
and preventing the greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to
those from 80 million vehicles.
EPA is pursuing a number of strategies to help states
explore and implement clean energy policies. The
strategies include a new partnership program with
interested states to advance clean energy policies, targeted
efforts to assist local governments, and efforts to help
utilities and their regulators explore policy options for
increasing investment in energy efficiency, combined heat
and power, and renewable energy.
Clean Energy-Environment
State Partnership
In 2005, EPA launched the Clean Energy-Environment
State Partnership program, designed to help states adopt
clean energy policies and deploy clean energy programs.
Through this program, EPA identifies and shares
comprehensive guidance on successful, cost-effective state
and local policies and initiatives; provides tools to help
states measure and evaluate the co-benefits of the policies;
fosters peer exchange opportunities for state and local
officials to share information on best practices and
innovative policies; and recognizes their achievements.
In 2005, the Clean Energy-Environment State
Partnership:
• Supported the 11 charter partners of the program (see
Figure 17) launched in February, helping them analyze
clean energy options and prioritize policies of interest,
as well as working with them to prioritize the type of
guidance and technical assistance that would be helpful
from EPA in the coming years.
• Developed a final draft of a new Clean Energy and
Environment Guide to Action, which identifies and
describes 16 clean energy policies and strategies that
states have used to meet their clean energy objectives
(see Table 21). These policies were selected for inclusion
in the Guide to Action because of their proven
effectiveness in a number of states. States are using
the Guide to Action to learn from each other as they
design and implement their own clean energy programs
and policies.
• Conducted more than 10 peer exchange sessions of the
EPA Clean Energy-Environment Technical Forum—
involving a total of more than 100 state environmental,
energy, and utility regulatory officials from over 35
states—to examine best practices on topics including
renewable energy credits, state energy planning, high
performance buildings, and clean distributed
generation.
• Advanced knowledge about the role of pavement in
heat islands by helping chart a strategy to help
decisionmakers know the heat island implications of
their paving options. EPA issued the draft Cool
Pavements study, capturing the current knowledge about
the science and options of alternative paving materials
that can help lower urban temperatures.
48
-------
STATE AND LOCAL PROGRAMS
FIGURE 17. CHARTER PARTNERS IN THE CLEAN ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT STATE PARTNERSHIP
NORTH DAKOTA
HAWAII
CHARTER PARTNERS
TABLE 21. SUMMARY OF CLEAN ENERGY POLICIES DESCRIBED IN EPA'S CLEAN ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT
GUIDE TO ACTION
CLEAN ENERGY-ENVIRONMENT GUIDE TO ACTION
SUMMARY OF CLEAN ENERGY POLICIES BY TYPE OF CLEAN ENERGY
CLEAN ENERGY POLICY
STATE PLANNING AND INCENTIVE STRUCTUR
Lead by Example
ENERGY EFFICIENCY RENEWABLE ENERGY CLEAN DG/CHP
State and Regional Energy Planning
Determining the Air Quality Benefits of Clean Energy
Funding and Incentives
ENERGY EFFICIENCY ACTIC
Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standards (EEPS)
Public Benefits Funds (PBF) for Energy Efficiency
Building Codes for Energy Efficiency
State Appliance Efficiency Standards
ENERGY SUPPLY ACTIONS (RENEWABLE ENERGY AND COMBINED HEAT AND POWER)
Renewable Portfolio Standards (RPS)
Public Benefits Funds (PBF) for State Clean
Energy Supply Programs
Output-based Environmental Regulations to
Support Clean Energy
Interconnection Standards
Fostering Green Power Markets
UTILITY PLANNING AND INCENTIVE STRUCTURES
Portfolio Management Strategies
Utility Incentives for Demand-Side Resources
Emerging Approaches: Removing Unintended
Utility Rate Barriers to Distributed Generation
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 49
-------
What to Expect in 2006 and Beyond
EPA will continue to provide state and local governments
with support for their clean energy activities. Specifically,
EPA will:
• Add up to three new partners to the Clean Energy-
Environment State Partnership Program.
• Release the final Clean Energy-Environment Guide to
Action and maintain up-to-date online information
about related state clean energy policies.
• Develop additional tools and materials for implementing
policies in the Guide to Action, including a guidebook
and tracking tool to support Lead by Example
initiatives; a guidebook for measuring the multiple
benefits of clean energy; and guidance for undertaking
energy efficiency and renewable energy potential studies
and designing clean energy funds.
• Expand collaboration with program partners, providing
targeted support for their efforts to develop and
implement effective clean energy policies, including
sponsoring peer exchange opportunities to assist states
in learning about leading policies.
• Release the Co-Benefits Risk Assessment Model
(COBRA), a peer reviewed tool that enables officials to
compare air pollution scenarios associated with different
policies and incorporate human health effects into their
decisions.
• Establish a Center of Excellence on SMART Innovations
for Urban Climate and Energy to research and help
implement environmentally preferable technologies
and policies for reducing urban temperatures.
• Publish the Heat Island Guidebook presenting easy to-
understand action strategies on temperature reducing
measures—in particular, cool roofing and strategic tree
planting—and implementation guidance for
governments and community groups.
Clean Energy and Utility Regulatory
Policies
EPA has been assisting state public utility commissions
(PUCs) and others with tools and resources for exploring
and implementing clean energy policies for a number of
years, including maintaining an important database on
power plant emissions, eGRID, that allows policy
makers to track the progress of key policies.
In 2005, EPA:
• Announced a set of pilots with seven interested
PUCs—those in Arkansas, Connecticut, Hawaii,
Minnesota, New Mexico, New Jersey, and the District
of Columbia—to explore approaches for encouraging
energy efficiency and clean energy resources within
their processes. Highlights to date include assisting
state PUCs in exploring options for energy efficiency
proceedings; providing materials on the success of
time-of-use rates in promoting energy efficiency;
assisting with state-level workshops to explore clean
energy policies; and sharing of best practice information
on energy efficiency programs.
• Initiated, in conjunction with DOE, an effort to bring
utilities, their regulators, and other key stakeholders
together to identify and address utility regulatory and
other barriers limiting greater investment in energy
efficiency in a National Action Plan for Energy
Efficiency. The effort is co-chaired by Diane Munns,
President of the National Association of Regulatory
Utility Commissioners, and Jim Rogers, CEO of Duke
Energy, and involves more than 50 representatives from
leading gas and electric utilities, state agencies, energy
consumers, energy service providers, and environmental
and energy efficiency organizations (see Table 22). This
leadership group has developed a work plan for meeting
their objectives, which will be carried out in 2006 (see
letter excerpt, p. 51).
What to Expect in 2006 and Beyond
EPA will continue to assist interested state PUCs in their
efforts to advance clean energy by organizing workshops,
keeping eGRID up to date, sharing experiences, and
conducting research on best practice policies and programs
across the country. EPA will continue to facilitate the
National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency in conjunction
with DOE. Key milestones include the development and
release of major recommendations and the announcement
by the leadership group and others of actions they will
take to advance energy efficiency in their areas of business.
50
-------
STATE AND LOCAL PROGRAMS
TABLE 22. NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY LEADERSHIP GROUP
Alliance to Save Energy
American Council for an Energy-
Efficient Economy
American Electric Power
Austin Energy
Baltimore Gas and Electric
Bonneville Power Administration
California Energy Commission
California Public Utilities
Commission
Connecticut Consumer Counsel
Connecticut Department of
Environmental Protection
Connecticut Department of Public
Utility Control
District of Columbia Public Service
Commission
Duke Energy
Entergy Corporation
Environmental Defense
Exelon
Food Lion
Great River Energy
ISO New England Inc.
Johnson Controls
MidAmerican Energy Company
Minnesota Public Utilities
Commission
National Association of Regulatory
Utility Commissioners (NARUC)
Natural Resources Defense Council
New Jersey Board of Public Utilities
New Jersey Natural Gas
(New Jersey Resources
Corporation)
New York Power Authority
New York State Public Service
Commission
North Carolina Air Office
North Carolina Energy Office
Office of the Ohio Consumers'
Counsel
Pacific Gas and Electric
PJM Interconnection
PNM Resources
Sacramento Municipal Utility
District
Santee Cooper
Seattle City Light
Servidyne Systems, LLC
Southern California Edison
Southern Company
State of Maine
Tennessee Valley Authority
Texas State Energy Conservation
Office
The Dow Chemical Company
Tristate Generation and
Transmission
Association, Inc.
USAA Realty Company
Vectren Corporation
Vermont Energy Investment
Corporation
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
Washington Utilities and
Transportation Commission
Waverly Light and Power
Xcel Energy
OCTOBER 3, 2005
EXCERPT FROM LETTER FROM CO-CHAIRS TO THE LEADERSHIP GROUP FOR THE
NATIONAL ACTION PLAN FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY
As an important energy market participant, you know that today we face a number of challenges in securing
affordable, reliable, secure and clean energy to meet our nation's growing energy demand. Your leadership is
necessary to help us meet this challenge.
Energy efficiency is a critically under-utilized resource in the nation's energy portfolio. Those states and utilities
that have made significant investments in energy efficiency have lowered the growth for energy demand and
moderated their energy costs. However, many hurdles remain that block broader investments in cost-effective
energy efficiency. That is why we have agreed to chair the Energy Efficiency Action Plan. It is our hope that with
the help of leading organizations like yours, we will identify and overcome these hurdles.
Through this Action Plan, we intend to identify the major barriers currently limiting greater investment by utilities
in energy efficiency. We will develop a series of business cases that will demonstrate the value and contributions
of energy efficiency and explain how to remove these barriers (including regulatory and market challenges).
These business cases, along with descriptions of leading energy efficiency programs, will build upon practices
already in place across the country.
Our goal is to use the resulting ideas and products, beginning in 2006, to spark an aggressive new national
commitment to energy efficiency ... and a dynamic Energy Efficiency Action Plan for the nation.
Diane Munns
President, NARUC
Member, Iowa Utilities Board
Jim Rogers
President and CEO
Duke Energy
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 51
-------
METHANE PROGRAMS
Natural Gas STAR Program
Twenty times more effective than CO2 at trapping heat in
the atmosphere, methane (CH4) is both a potent greenhouse
gas and a valuable energy resource (see Table 23).
EPA's methane partnerships include the Landfill Methane
Outreach Program, the Natural Gas STAR Program, and
the Coalbed Methane Outreach Program. All follow a
successful strategy—to provide reliable and comprehensive
technical, economic, and regulatory information on
effective emissions reduction technologies and practices.
In addition, EPA's methane partnerships offer tools to help
industrial sector partners implement methane reduction
opportunities and recognize those partners demonstrating
leadership. Partners can gain a competitive advantage by
improving their operating efficiency. EPA also provides
information and tools to the agricultural community to
encourage methane reductions (see sidebar below).
In 2005, the methane programs saved a combined
14.2 MMTCE, an increase of more than 50 percent since
2000 (see Table 24). These climate partnerships, in
conjunction with a regulatory program to limit air
emissions from the nation's largest landfills, have reduced
national methane emissions to 10 percent below 1990
levels, and they are projected to remain below 1990 levels
through at least 2012 (see Figure 18).
EPA POLLUTION PREVENTER
Natural Gas STAR is a voluntary partnership
between EPA and the U.S. ^^_^^
natural gas industry designed to
overcome barriers to the
adoption of cost-effective technologies
and practices that reduce emissions of methane. Initiated
in 1993, Natural Gas STAR welcomes partners from all
sectors of the supply chain—production, processing,
transmission, and distribution—to participate in the
program and reap the benefits of methane reduction. EPA
has developed a range of tools and resources to help
corporate partners implement best management practices
designed to reduce gas loss. The program achieved
significant reductions through 2005, reducing methane
emissions from natural gas systems by 7-5 MMTCE in
2005 alone.
In 2005, Natural Gas STAR:
• Achieved 56 percent industry participation across all
major sectors (production, processing, transmission,
and distribution).
• Partnered with seven new companies, bringing the total
number of partners to 114.
• Conducted six technology transfer workshops covering
all four sectors.
AGRICULTURAL BASED PROGRAMS
Through outreach to agriculture-based organizations and livestock producers, EPA and the U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA) work together to promote practices that reduce greenhouse gas emissions at U.S. farms.
The programs collaborate with the nation's swine and dairy producers to encourage development of waste
management systems that generate farm revenues while reducing water and air pollution. Currently, there are
184 operating or planned systems in the United States. EPA provides technical information and tools to aid in the
assessment and implementation of these projects.
IN 2005, EPA AND USDA:
• Assisted swine and cattle producers in carrying out projects that produced nearly 400 million kWh/year of
renewable energy from farms capturing methane. This energy is then used by the farm and local community.
• Continued to expand methane-reducing technologies in the livestock sector to help ensure clean water and air,
and held extension events to market these opportunities. Such activities take place as part of the implementation
of Section 9006 of the 2002 Farm Bill.
WHAT TO EXPECT IN 2006 AND BEYOND
• Collaboration with state energy programs across the country to facilitate the development of anaerobic digesters
as renewable energy resources
• Organization of a national conference to provide environmental, program, market, state-of-the-art technical, and
funding information on anaerobic digestion systems
52
-------
METHANE PROGRAMS
TABLE 23. GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS (GWPS) AND ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIMES OF GREENHOUSE GASES
GREENHOUSE GAS
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Nitrous Oxide
Hydrofluorocarbons
Perfluorocarbons
Sulfur Hexafluoride
GLOBAL WARMING
POTENTIAL FOR 100 YEARS
1
21
310
140-11,700
6,500-9,200
23,900
ATMOSPHERIC
LIFETIME (YEARS)
50-200
12±3
120
1.5-264
3,200-50,000
3,200
Source: IPCC 1996
TABLE 24. METHANE PROGRAMS: EPA GOALS AND ACHIEVEMENTS
PROGRAM
Natural Gas STAR
Industry Participation (% in program)
Annual Gas Savings (MMTCE)
Coalbed Methane Outreach Program
Annual Methane Reductions (MMTCE)
Landfill Methane Outreach Program
Number of Projects
Annual Methane Reductions (MMTCE)
TOTAL REDUCTIONS (MMTCE)
2005 GOAL
66%
6.3
1.8
289
4.5
12.6
2005 ACHIEVEMENT
56%
7.5
2.2
300
4.5
14.2
2006 GOAL
59%
6.5
1.9
309
4.8
13.2
FIGURE 18. PARTNER ACTIONS ARE PROJECTED TO MAINTAIN METHANE EMISSIONS BELOW 1990
LEVELS THROUGH 2012
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2012
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 53
-------
• Recognized five outstanding partners with Partner of
the Year Awards and promoted their achievements in a
PSA that ran in the American Oil & Gas Reporter,
Business & Industry Connection, and American Gas
Journal (see p. 55). EPA also honored seven oil and gas
partner companies for Continuing Excellence (see list
on p. 55).
What to Expect in 2006 and Beyond
• Continue to work with existing partner companies to
expand their current methane emissions reduction projects
• Conduct nine technology transfer workshops, including
one Web-based workshop, to enable broader company
participation
• Work with the oil and gas industry to expand the
Natural Gas STAR Program, specifically in the area of
small-to-medium size natural gas production companies
• Expand Natural Gas STAR internationally in support
of the Methane to Markets Partnership
Coalbed Methane Outreach Program
The Coalbed Methane Outreach
Program (CMOP) collaborates with
large coal companies and small
businesses to reduce methane
emissions from underground coal
mines through the development of
environmentally beneficial, cost-effective coal mine
methane (CMM) projects. CMOP efforts focus on
providing high-quality, project-specific information and
technical assistance to the coal industry. These include
analyses of technologies and potential projects, mine-
specific project feasibility assessments, state-specific
analyses of project potential, market evaluations, and
guides to state, local, and federal assistance programs. As a
result of EPA's successful collaboration with large coal
companies and small specialized businesses, the percentage
of coal mine methane recovered grew from 25 percent in
the early 1990s to more than 70 percent in 2005-
• To capture the remaining methane emitted from
degasification systems, EPA is working with industry to
use CMM in small-and large-scale power generation,
for mine heating and coal drying, and to upgrade low-
quality gas to pipeline specifications.
• EPA is expanding its focus to include the methane
emitted from coal mine ventilation systems and from
abandoned mines. These systems represent about
77 Bcf of methane annually, or 45% of U.S. CMM
liberated in a single year.
• CMOP achieved significant results through 2005-
Working with the operators of virtually every major
U.S. underground coal mine, CMOP achieved a
reduction of 2.2 MMTCE in 2005- These results
include those from 20 CMOP projects that captured
and used methane from 30 U.S. abandoned mines.
In 2005, the Coalbed Methane Outreach Program:
• Launched a targeted outreach effort with the mining
industry in the Western United States to increase mine
methane capture and use in Colorado, New Mexico,
and Utah.
• Evaluated potential sites for detailed monitoring and
site measurements of methane emissions.
• Developed more robust basin-specific estimates for
methane emissions from surface mines.
What to Expect in 2006 and Beyond
• Provide targeted analyses for at least one Western
U.S. coal mine to assess the technical and economic
feasibility of potential coal mine methane end use
strategies
• In cooperation with CONSOL Energy and DOE,
support efforts to design, install, and operate the first
test-scale demonstration of ventilation air oxidation
technology in the United States
• Develop enhanced tools to assist potential project
developers, including a project finance model and a
comprehensive database of U.S. CMM reduction
projects
• Support the development of methane recovery and
utilization projects at abandoned mines by identifying
candidate mines
54
-------
METHANE PROGRAMS
Natural Gas STAR
2005 Award Winners
Production Partner of the Year
Devon Energy Corporation
Devon joined the Natural Gas STAR Program in 2003
and received the Rookie of the Year Award in 2004 for its
active program. Devon submitted its first annual report
to EPA in 2005, which included the highest annual
emissions reductions among the production partners for
2004—6.3 billion cubic feet (Bcf). These reductions were
the result of the implementation of core best management
practices, as well as six Partner Reported Opportunities
(PROs), bringing the company's cumulative methane
emissions reductions to 10.6 Bcf. The company has done
an excellent job of building field and management
support for the Gas STAR Program. Based on its
experience, Devon developed a presentation on how to
replicate its success, delivered it at three technical
workshops, and made it available to all Natural Gas
STAR partners.
Processing Partner of the Year
Enbridge Energy Partners L.P.
Enbridge joined the Natural Gas STAR Program in
December 2003. In its first annual report in mid-2005,
the company reported the highest emissions reductions
of all processing partners for 2004—nearly 850,000 cubic
feet (Mcf)—after implementing five PROs. Enbridge has
contributed to the Natural Gas STAR Partner Update and
participated in the Dallas processing workshop, which
highlighted the company's optical imaging work with
Leak Survey, Inc.
Transmission Partner of the Year
Northern Natural Gas
Northern Natural Gas joined the Natural Gas STAR
Program in February 2003. In 2005, Northern Natural
Gas reported methane emissions reductions of 1.6 Bcf
for 2004, which brought the company's cumulative
emissions reductions to 10.6 Bcf. Northern Natural Gas
has consistently given strong support to Gas STAR
workshops, including sponsorship of the June 2005
technology transfer workshop in Midland, Texas.
Distribution Partner of the Year
DTE Energy-MichCon
DTE Energy-MichCon has been a Gas STAR partner
since 1996. In 2004, the company reported the second
highest emissions reductions in the distribution sector,
with methane savings of 0.4 Bcf. To date, DTE's
cumulative emissions reductions total 1.3 Bcf.
Congratulations to Those
Who Set the Bar High,
To k-.;im IIKIIV III* ml joining Hn^- mcL^rv k-;wJi-r\ .all Ilk-
NAinl Gas STAR ['njuram A AU-A-U-Mtfb ar
International Partner of the Year
Occidental Oil and Gas Corporation
Occidental joined the Natural Gas STAR Program in
2004 and has concentrated its efforts on helping to
move the program into the international arena.
Occidental was the first company to sponsor an
international Natural Gas STAR workshop under the
Methane to Markets Initiative.
Continuing Excellence
EPA also honored seven Natural Gas STAR partners as
Continuing Excellence award winners, recognizing the
companies' long-standing commitment to the program:
Columbia Gas & Columbia Gulf Transmission
Duke Energy Gas Transmission
El Paso Pipeline Group
Kerr-McGee Oil & Gas Corporation
Southwest Gas Corporation
Western Gas Resources
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 55
-------
LANDFILL METHANE
OUTREACH PROGRAM
Landfill Methane Outreach Program
Of all sources of human-related
(anthropogenic) methane emissions
in the United States, landfills are the
largest. The Landfill Methane
Outreach Program (LMOP)
launched in 1994 encourages the development of landfill
gas energy (LFGE) projects. The capture and use of
landfill gas (LFG) can not only directly reduce methane
emissions, but also indirectly reduces CO2 emissions by
avoiding the use of fossil fuels.
LMOP's varied tools and technical resources—including
feasibility analyses, decisionmaking software for evaluating
project economics, a database of over 600 candidate
landfills, a project development handbook, and energy
end-user analyses—help landfill owners and operators
overcome the barriers they encounter as they develop new
LFGE projects.
Over the past decade, LMOP has assisted with
300 projects and reduced methane emissions from
landfills by about 27 MMTCE. In 2005 alone, LMOP
emissions reductions totaled 4.5 MMTCE. In addition,
the total number of landfill gas energy projects grew to
nearly 400 nationwide, and EPA assisted all 25 LFGE
projects that became operational during the year.
In 2005, the Landfill Methane Outreach Program:
• Assisted in the development of 22 new landfill gas
energy projects and 3 project expansions, for a
cumulative total of 300 projects since LMOP was
launched.
• Welcomed 73 new partners, increasing participation by
16 percent and bringing the total number of LMOP
partners to 490.
• Provided technical assistance to more than 15
corporations, helping them identify opportunities to
advance landfill gas energy as a reliable, low-cost source
of energy. Additionally, over 95 analyses were
conducted using a new LMOP Locator software tool to
identify LFG opportunities near corporate and
industrial facilities.
• Conducted five state workshops that attracted more
than 400 participants to promote the use of landfill gas
as a cost-effective, low emissions energy source.
• Recognized the outstanding accomplishments of eight
program partners (see pp. 57-58).
What to Expect in 2006 and Beyond
• Assist in the development of more than 40 new landfill
gas energy projects
• Expand efforts to promote the benefits of LFG energy
to economic development offices, emphasizing job
creation and tax revenue opportunities for states and
communities
• Host the 10th Anniversary LMOP Conference, Project
Expo, and Awards Ceremony to showcase the top
LMOP partners and projects and discuss the latest
industry trends
56
-------
METHANE PROGRAMS
LMOP 2005 Award Winners
EPA recognized the outstanding accomplishments of eight landfill methane partners in 2005 for their efforts to
reduce emissions of methane and expand the nation's renewable energy sources.
LMOP Project of the Year (Direct Use)
Lanchester Landfill Gas Utilization Project
The Lanchester Landfill Gas Utilization Project, developed in south-central Pennsylvania by LMOP Industry Partner
Granger Energy, was the first multi-end user project in the State. The project includes a 13-mile pipeline that
transports 4,000 standard cubic feet per minute (scfm) of LFG from LMOP Community Partner Chester County Solid
Waste Authority's landfill to two industrial end users. Dart Container Corporation is now using the LFG to fuel nine
boilers, two ovens, and two thermal oxidizers; the company is 100-percent reliant on LFG for its energy needs.
Advanced Food Products uses the LFG to fuel three boilers and expects to bring more online. Granger estimates the
Lanchester project purchased more than $1 million in local materials and created more than 100 construction jobs
for local contractors.
LMOP Project of the Year (Electricity Generation)
Santee Cooper's Green Power Generating Station
LMOP Partners Santee Cooper and Allied Waste teamed up to create a green power generating facility at the Lee
County Landfill in South Carolina. The $7 million facility, consisting of three 1.8 megawatt (MW) engines, is the
second renewable energy project for Santee Cooper, which offers green power to its customers (including 15 of
the state's electric cooperatives). Since 2001, Santee Cooper has sold more than 10,000 kWh of landfill gas to
energy (LFGE) electricity. Santee Cooper is leading the way for green power programs in the Southeast. It has plans
for a potential expansion at the Lee County Landfill to more than 21 MW by 2010, contributing to a goal of having
54 MW of green power on line by 2012.
LMOP Project of the Year (Alternate Fuel)
Biodiesel Production Facility, Denton, Texas
Biodiesel Industries, Inc. is working with LMOP Industry Partner DTE Energy to use LFG to fuel the process needs
of a 3 million gallon biodiesel production facility in Texas. This is the first facility in the world using LFG to produce
this alternative vehicle fuel. The biodiesel produced at this plant fuels the city's fleet of garbage trucks and other
utility vehicles. Using the 100,000 Btus of LFG to power the biodiesel plant gives Biodiesel Industries and the City
of Denton, Texas, a partner in the project and LMOP Community Partner, a hedge against rising fuel prices. The
Denton Landfill, which was highlighted at the LMOP Project Expo in 2003, will also house a larger LFGE project
expected to be operational in 2006.
LMOP Industry Partner of the Year
Granger Energy
Granger Energy has more than 30 years of landfill experience; in 1985 it became the first organization to develop
an LFGE project in Michigan. Granger owns and operates numerous landfills and LFGE projects, with 13 projects
developed or in development in six states. Granger previously won LMOP's 2001 Industry Partner of the Year for its
LFGE project in conjunction with Rolls-Royce. This year's Project of the Year at the Lanchester Landfill is yet another
example of the company's determination to see LFGE projects through to successful completion. Granger earned
Industry Partner of the Year in 2005 owing to its strong commitment to promoting and advancing environmentally
and economically beneficial landfill gas energy project development. By diversifying its project portfolio during a
period of market uncertainty and showing its willingness to tackle market barriers to benefit the landfill gas
industry. Granger demonstrates superior industry leadership.
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 57
-------
LMOP 2005 Award Winners (continued)
LMOP Energy Partner of the Year (End User)
Interface Flooring Systems
LMOP Energy Partner Interface Flooring Systems has a corporate mission to promote projects that are both
environmentally sustainable and economically feasible. In 2000, the company reached out to the City of LaGrange,
Georgia, to propose building a 10-mile pipeline to bring LFG from the city's landfill to Interface's carpet production
facility. This pipeline became operational in October 2005, reducing Interface's natural gas demand at the facility by
20 percent. Additionally, by securing the GHG reduction credits generated by the landfill's flare, the project helped
Interface offset all GHG emissions for its North American manufacturing facilities. Interface has been successful in
garnering media interest in its LFG project, which is stimulating other corporate interest in LFGE.
LMOP Energy Partner of the Year (Provider)
Wabash Valley Power Association
Wabash Valley Power Association is an Indiana-based generation and transmission cooperative providing wholesale
power to 27 distribution systems in the Midwest. In 2005, Wabash Valley Power constructed two new LFGE facilities
(in Jay County, Indiana and Liberty, Indiana) and acquired three other existing Indiana facilities for a total of 22 MW of
LFG-fueled generation in its power portfolio. The two new projects were developed in partnership with LMOP Industry
Partner Waste Management. The five plants all consist of Caterpillar engine-generators manufactured in Indiana,
adding to the in-state economic benefit of the LFGE projects. Wabash Valley Power created the green power product
EnviroWatts® to sell the renewable energy to its customers; more than 4 percent of Wabash's customers are
purchasing green power through EnviroWatts.
LMOP State Partner of the Year
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PA DEP) joined LMOP in 2003 and launched a number
of initiatives to encourage and foster the use of LFG. PA DEP also worked with LMOP to develop A Primer for the
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania for Developing Landfill Gas Utilization. The state passed the Alternative Energy
Portfolio Standards Act, which lists LFGE as a Tier I technology. In addition, PA DEP has been very active in providing
grant assistance to LFG projects. The Harvest Energy Grant provided funding to three LFGE projects, the Alternative
Fuels Incentive Grant provided more than $1 million for LFG use as an alternative fuel, and the Pennsylvania Energy
Development Authority funded two LFG projects in 2005.
LMOP Community Partner of the Year
Fairfax County, Virginia
LMOP Community Partner Fairfax County, Virginia owns and operates the I-95 Landfill, which has a 6.4 MW electricity
project, as well as a direct-use project of approximately 1,000 scfm of LFG at its wastewater treatment plant. Although
most of the LFG collected was already being put to use, the County decided to replace the existing propane-fired
heating system in its onsite maintenance shop with LFG-fired infrared tube heaters to expand LFG utilization. The new
LFG heating system improved the working conditions in the shop. The county will save money by avoiding the
purchase of propane for the old heaters, and the use of LFG will reduce GHG emissions.
58
-------
METHANE PROGRAMS
"By tapping into the power of landfill gasses, we are building on two of President Bush's
nationalgoak: reducing domestic greenhouse gas production and developing alternative and
renewable sources of energy, "said EPA Administrator Stephen L. Johnson. "EPA and our
partners are taking methane waste and turning it into wealth—-proving that doing what's
good for the environment is also good for business."
PROGRAM EVALUATION: MEASURING RESULTS IN THE METHANE PROGRAMS
EPA relies on the application of sound, comprehensive analyses to estimate the annual methane reductions from its
programs. EPA gathers and carefully reviews partner data on all methane reduction activities implemented through
the partnerships.
NATURAL GAS STAR
LANDFILL METHANE OUTREACH
COALBED METHANE OUTREACH
As a condition of partnership,
program partners submit
implementation plans to EPA
describing the emissions
reduction practices they plan to
implement and evaluate. In
addition, partners submit
progress reports detailing
specific emissions reduction
activities and accomplishments
each year.
EPA does not attribute all
reported emissions reductions to
Natural Gas STAR. Partners may
only include actions that were
undertaken voluntarily, not those
reductions attributable to
compliance with existing
regulations.
Emissions reductions are
estimated by the partners either
from direct before-and-after
measurements or by applying
peer-reviewed emissions
reduction factors. These
estimates are reviewed by EPA
and any issues are resolved.
EPA maintains a comprehensive
database of the operational data
on landfills and LFGE projects in
the United States. The data are
updated frequently based on
information submitted by
industry, LMOP outreach efforts,
and other sources.
Reductions of methane that result
from compliance with EPA's air
regulations are not included in
the program estimates. In
addition, only the emissions
reductions from projects that
meet the LMOP assistance
criteria are included in the
program benefit estimates.
EPA uses emissions factors that
are appropriate to the project.
The factors are based on
research, discussions with
experts in the LFG industry, and
published references.
Through cooperation with the
U.S. Mine Safety & Health
Administration, state oil and gas
commissions, and the mining
companies themselves, EPA
collects mine-specific data
annually and estimates the total
methane emitted from the mines
and the quantity of gas recovered
and used.
There are no regulatory
requirements for recovering and
using coal mine methane; such
efforts are entirely voluntary. EPA
estimates coal mine methane
recovery attributable to its
program activities on a mine-
specific basis, based on the
program's interaction with mines.
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 59
-------
HIGH GLOBAL WARM ING
POTENTIAL GAS
PROGRAMS
EPA is working closely with industry to improve
technologies and processes that will substantially reduce
U.S. emissions of the high global warming potential
(GWP) gases released as byproducts of industrial
operations. These partnership programs assist key
industries in the development of cost-effective operational
improvements that will help reduce emissions of
perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs),
and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)—all particularly potent
greenhouse gases. When compared ton-for-ton with CO2,
these three gases each trap much more heat in the
atmosphere. PFCs and SF6 also have very long
atmospheric lifetimes (see Table 25). Despite the potential
for sizable growth in high GWP greenhouse gas emissions,
EPA's partner industries are expected to maintain their
emissions substantially below 1990 levels through the year
2012 (see Figure 19). Greenhouse gas emissions reductions
across these programs totaled 11.5 MMTCE in 2005
(see Table 26).
The Voluntary Aluminum Industrial
Partnership (VAIP)
In support of the President's
Climate VISION (Voluntary
Innovative Sector Initiatives:
Opportunities Now)
initiative, VAIP is committed
to reducing direct emissions of PFCs and CO2 where
technically feasible and cost effective. The aluminum
industry's goal is to achieve a direct carbon intensity
reduction of 53 percent from 1990 levels by 2010. This
involves reducing emissions of perfluoromethane (CF4)
and perfluoroethane (C2F6), which are inadvertent
byproducts of the smelting process, and reducing CO2
emissions caused by the consumption of the carbon anode.
Their Climate VISION commitment equates to an
additional direct carbon intensity reduction of 25 percent
beyond the 2000 achievement.
I.MJL STK1AL K\KI \LKSH1P
In 2005, the Voluntary Aluminum Industrial
Partnership:
• Reduced PFC emissions by more than 45 percent and
direct carbon emissions by more than 59 percent
compared to the industry's 1990 baseline.
• Benchmarked emissions reduction progress for various
technologies to help partner companies identify further
reduction potential.
• Promoted the PFC emissions reduction actions and
VAIP progress in journals and at conferences, including
the International Non-CO2 Conference in The
Netherlands.
• Completed efforts with the International Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC) to update emissions inventory
methods for the aluminum sector.
HFC-23 Emission Reduction Program
U.S. manufacturers of HCFC-22 and EPA have worked
together since 1993 to reduce emissions of the greenhouse
gas HFC-23, a byproduct in the production of HCFC-22
and the most potent and persistent of the hydrofluoro-
carbons. HCFC-22 is most commonly used as a
refrigerant in residential and commercial air conditioning.
Through this program, EPA encourages all U.S. producers
of HCFC-22 to develop and implement feasible, cost-
effective processing practices and technologies to reduce
HFC-23 emissions. In 2005, EPA continued to partner
with 100 percent of U.S. HCFC-22 producers to
implement process optimization and abatement measures
that will decrease byproduct emissions of HFC-23.
To date, EPA's partners have succeeded in lowering
emissions of HFC-23 through process optimization and
thermal destruction. Their efforts have helped significantly
reduce the intensity of HFC-23 emissions (the amount of
HFC-23 emitted per kilogram of HCFC-22 manufactured).
In 2005, emissions were 6.2 MMTCE less than they
would have been had production continued at 1990
emissions intensity levels.
-------
HIGH GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL GAS PROGRAMS
TABLE 25. GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS (GWPS) AND ATMOSPHERIC LIFETIMES OF GREENHOUSE GASES
GREENHOUSE GAS
Carbon Dioxide
Methane
Nitrous Oxide
Hydrofluorocarbons
Perfluorocarbons
Sulfur Hexafluoride
GLOBAL WARMING
POTENTIAL FOR 100 YEARS
1
21
310
140-11,700
6,500-9,200
23,900
ATMOSPHERIC
LIFETIME (YEARS)
50-200
12+3
120
1.5-264
3,200-50,000
3,200
Source: IPCC 1996
FIGURE 19. PARTNER ACTIONS ARE PROJECTED TO MAINTAIN EMISSIONS OF HIGH GWP GASES
BELOW 1990 LEVELS THROUGH 2012
30
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010 2012
TABLE 26. HIGH GWP GAS PROGRAMS: EPA GOALS AND ACHIEVEMENTS
VOLUNTARY ALUMINUM
INDUSTRIAL PARTNERSHIP (VAIP)
Industry Participation (% in program)
Reductions (MMTCE)
HFC-23 PARTNERSHIP
Industry Participation (% in program)
Reductions (MMTCE)
OTHER STEWARDSHIP
PROGRAMS
Industry Participation (% in program)1
Reductions (MMTCE)
TOTAL REDUCTIONS (MMTCE)
2005 GOAL
98%
2.3
100%
4.8
50-100%
3.0
10.4
2005 ACHIEVEMENT
98%
2.3
100%
6.2
45-100%
3.0
11.5
2006 GOAL
98%
2.7
100%
4.9
50-100%
3.8
11.4
Participation varies from 45% of net generating capacity for electric power systems to 100% for primary magnesium producers.
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 61
-------
The PFC Reduction/Climate Partnership
for the Semiconductor Industry
Since its inception in 1996, this
partnership has been a catalyst for
semiconductor companies in Europe,
Asia, and North America to set the first *#>? rtjS^
global target for reducing greenhouse gas
emissions. Semiconductor manufacturers have worked
alongside EPA to identify and implement PFC-reducing
process changes and manufacturing tool improvements for
the production of integrated circuits. In April 1999, the
World Semiconductor Council (WSC), whose members
include the national semiconductor industry associations
of Europe, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and the United States,
announced a technically challenging goal; to reduce PFC
emissions by at least 10 percent below the 1995 baseline
level by year-end 2010. The WSC's goal represents the
world's first industry-wide, global greenhouse gas
emissions reduction target. This type of aggressive goal
setting reassures international governments, industry
suppliers, and the public of the semiconductor industry's
commitment to climate protection. Today's challenge is to
expand the global industry's cooperative climate protection
initiative to include China's semiconductor manufacturers,
the world's fastest growing integrated circuit (1C)
production center.
In 2005, the PFC Reduction/Climate Partnership for
the Semiconductor Industry:
• Reduced absolute PFC emissions 65 percent below
1999 levels while U.S. manufacturing continued to
expand. EPA's semiconductor industry partners are on
track to meet their 2010 WSC/Climate VISION
commitment.
• Led the IPCC's initiative to revise fluorinated
greenhouse gas emissions reporting guidelines for
electronics manufacturing, including semiconductors,
flat panel displays, and photovoltaics.
• Worked with global industry representatives at the
International Semiconductor Environment Safety and
Health (ISESH) conference to encourage China's
rapidly emerging semiconductor manufacturing
industry to participate with WSC in controlling PFC
emissions.
• Facilitated emissions reduction technology transfer
between related electronic manufacturing sectors such
as semiconductor and flat panel displays to identify
and implement the most cost-effective PFC reduction
strategies.
• Completed and published the 2005 State-of-the-
Technology Report on Reduction of Perfluorocompound
(PFC) Emissions in cooperation with the Semiconductor
Industry Association.
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) Emissions
Reduction Partnership for Electric
Power Systems
SF6 is the most potent and persistent
greenhouse gas. Used primarily by
electric utilities, SF6 is a gaseous
dialectric for high-voltage circuit
breakers and gas-insulated substations.
The global warming potential of SF6 is 23,900 over a
100-year time horizon, which means it is 23,900 times
more effective at trapping infrared radiation than an
equivalent amount of CO2.
In 1999, EPA partnered with several electric utilities to
form a voluntary program to reduce SF6 emissions. In
addition to providing a means to actively address climate
change, this program has helped partner companies reap
financial savings through reduced SF6 gas purchases. In
2005, partner companies reported SF6 emissions of almost
416,000 pounds, bringing their average SF6 emission
rates down to 8.4 percent of the total nameplate capacity
of installed equipment.
In 2005, the SF6 Emissions Reduction Partnership
for Electric Power Systems:
• Recruited four new companies into the partnership:
LG&E Energy (KY); Otter Tail Power (MN); Great
River Energy (MN); PECO Energy Delivery (PA).
• Completed a new equipment study showing that that
leak rates for high-voltage equipment installed between
1998 and 2002 were as much as two times improved
over the industry standard for new equipment.
• Conducted three Webcasts with SF6 partners, prospects,
and other sector vendors on SF6 emissions reporting
requirements and other technical program issues.
62
-------
HIGH GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL GAS PROGRAMS
PROGRAM EVALUATION: MEASURING RESULTS IN THE HIGH GWP GAS PROGRAMS
Annual high GWP gas reductions achieved by EPA's programs are estimated using reliable data and established methods.
VOLUNTARY ALUMINUM
INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIP
HFC-23 EMISSION REDUCTION
PROGRAM
ENVIRONMENTAL
STEWARDSHIP PROGRAMS
All VAIP partners agree to report
aluminum production and anode
effect frequency and duration in
order to estimate annual RFC
emissions.
Reductions are calculated by
comparing current emissions to a
business-as-usual baseline that
uses the industry's 1990 emissions
rate. Changes in the emissions rate
(per ton production) are used to
estimate the annual greenhouse
gas emissions and reductions
resulting from the program.
The aluminum industry began
making significant efforts to reduce
RFC emissions as a direct result of
EPA's climate partnership program.
Therefore, all reductions achieved
by partners are assumed to be the
result of the program.
Program partners report HCFC-22
production and HFC-23 emissions
to a third party that aggregates the
estimates and submits the total
estimates for the previous year
to EPA.
Reductions are calculated by
comparing current emissions to a
business-as-usual baseline that
uses the industry's 1990 emission
rate. Changes in the emissions rate
are used to estimate the annual
greenhouse gas emissions and
reductions resulting from the
program.
Subsequent to a series of meetings
with EPA, industry began making
significant efforts to reduce HFC-23
emissions. All U.S. producers
participate in the program;
therefore, all reductions achieved
by manufacturers are assumed to
be the result of the program.
Partners report emissions and
emissions reductions based on
jointly developed estimation
methods and reporting protocols.
Data collection methods are sector
specific, and data are submitted to
EPA either directly or through a
third party.
Reductions are calculated by
comparing current emissions to a
business-as-usual baseline, using
industry-wide or company-specific
emissions rates in a base year. The
reductions in emissions rates are
used to calculate the overall
greenhouse gas emissions
reductions from the program.
The share of the reductions
attributable to EPA's programs are
identified based on a detailed
review of program activities and
industry-specific information.
INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE PROTECTION AWARD WINNERS
In 1998, EPA established the Climate Protection Awards to recognize exceptional leadership, personal
dedication, and technical achievements in protecting the Earth's climate. Over the past years, awards have
been presented to individuals and organizations from 16 countries: Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada,
Chile, China, France, India, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, South Korea, Sweden, United Kingdom, and
the United States. This year, 13 individuals and organizations earned the award by crafting international,
national, state, and local policies; reducing energy consumption; and inventing technologies that protect
the climate.
CORPORATE, GOVERNMENT
AND MILITARY
ORGANIZATIONS AND
ASSOCIATIONS
INDIVIDUALS
Arizona Public Service Company
Phoenix, Arizona
Baxter International Inc.
Deerfield, Illinois
DENSO Corporation
Kariya, Japan
IBM Corporation
Armonk, New York
Johnson & Johnson
New Brunswick, New Jersey
National Renewable Energy
Laboratory of the U.S.
Department of Energy
Golden, Colorado
United States Air Force
Yokota Tohoku Company
Tokyo, Japan
Mobile Air Conditioning Society
Worldwide
Lansdale, Pennsylvania
Refrigerant Reclaim Australia
Canberra, Australia
Susan J. Brown
California Energy Commission
Sacramento, California
Mayor Gregory J. Nickels
Seattle, Washington
Barry G. Rabe
University of Michigan
Plymouth, Michigan
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 63
-------
SFs Emission Reduction ':
Partnership forthe Magnesium Industry
SF6 Emission Reduction Partnership for
the Magnesium Industry
The U.S. magnesium industry is also
working with EPA to identify and
encourage the adoption of best
management practices for reducing
emissions of SF6. Launched in 1999,
this partnership works to reduce SF6 emissions from
magnesium production and casting operations and
currently includes almost 80 percent of the U.S.
magnesium industry. Partner companies are striving to
completely eliminate magnesium industry-related SF6
emissions by the end of 2010.
In 2005, the SF6 Emission Reduction Partnership
for the Magnesium Industry:
• Held SF6 emissions steady at 2004 levels, equaling an
absolute reduction of 19 percent since the program's
inception in 1999- 2005 was the sixth year in which
EPA collected annual SF6 emissions reports from
magnesium partners.
• Organized and led the first International Melt
Protection Users Group Round Table in conjunction
with the 2005 Annual World Magnesium Conference
in Germany. More than 20 industry and government
participants from Asia, Europe, North America, and the
Middle East exchanged technical information on
phasing out SF6-based melt protection.
• Supported partner companies' efforts to evaluate
available alternative melt protection technologies such
as alternative cover gases AM-Cover™ (HFC-134a)
and Novec™ 612 (a fluorinated ketone). An initial
EPA study has shown that both gases are capable of
reducing greenhouse gas emissions by more than
99 percent compared to the traditional SF6-based
protection system.
• Maintained U.S. industry participation in the
partnership, representing 100 percent of primary
magnesium production and 80 percent of domestic
casting and recycling capacity.
• Developed and distributed a simplified cover gas
emissions tracking and reporting tool and held a
Webcast training session for EPA's magnesium partners.
Mobile Air Conditioning Climate
Protection Partnership
Motor vehicle air conditioners consume more energy than
any other auxiliary vehicle equipment and account for a
significant portion of global greenhouse gas emissions.13
In the United States alone, vehicle air conditioners
consume 7 billion gallons of gasoline every year,
equivalent to over 16 MMTCE.14 Refrigerant emissions
add another 8.7 MMTCE.15
In 1998, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE),
the Mobile Air Conditioning Society Worldwide, and
EPA formed a global voluntary partnership to reduce the
climate impacts of mobile air conditioning. Since then
membership has grown to include representatives from
Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan; environmental and
industry non-governmental organizations (NGOs); and
most of the world's vehicle manufacturers and their
suppliers. The partnership has four goals:
• Promote cost-effective designs and improved service
procedures to minimize refrigerant emissions
• Promote next-generation mobile air conditioning
systems that are better for the environment while
satisfying customer safety, cost, and reliability concerns
• Communicate technical progress to policymakers and
the public
• Document current and near-term opportunities to
improve the environmental performance of mobile air
conditioning system design, operation, and
maintenance
The work under this partnership focuses on improving
servicing practices and system energy efficiency and on
identifying alternatives for the refrigerant HFC-134a—
the refrigerant that became widely used in vehicle air
conditioning systems worldwide beginning in 1994.
64
13 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (2005). Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System: Issues Related to
Hydrofluorocarbons and Perfluorocarbons. New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 300.
14 Andersen, S., Hovland, V. and Rugh, J. (2004). Significant Fuel Savings and Emission Reductions by Improving Vehicle Air Conditioning: A Study by the U.S. Department of Energy's
National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Presented at the 15th Annual Earth Technologies Forum and Mobile Air Conditioning Summit, April 15,2004: Washington D.C. The paper
reported that 62 million metric tonnes of C02 were released into the atmosphere as a result of mobile air conditioning fuel use in the United States (not including defrost).
Converting by a factor of 12/44 yields 16.9 million metric tons of carbon equivalent (MMTCE).
15 Does not include CFC-12 emissions. Sources: U.S. EPA (2006). Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2004. Page 2-28. Washington, D.C.
US EPA #430-R-06-002 and Hoffpauir, Elvis (2005). Estimated refrigerant use. Society of Automotive Engineers Improved Mobile Air Conditioning Cooperative Research Project
presentation. Pages 12-14. Troy, Ml: June Meeting of the Improved Mobile Air Conditioning Cooperative Research Project stakeholders.
-------
HIGH GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL GAS PROGRAMS
2005 MOBILE AIR CONDITIONING CLIMATE PROTECTION PARTNERSHIP PSA RECOGNIZED PARTNER EFFORTS
Thank you
for putting the environment in the driver^ seat!
AC Delco
ACC Climate Control
AGRAMKOW
Airsept
Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers
Arkema
Association of International
Automobile Manufacturers
Audi
Australian Department of Environment
and Heritage
Australian Federated Chamber of
Automotive Industries
Australian Federation of Automotive
Parts Manufacturers
Australian Fluorocarbon Council
Australian Greenhouse Office
Automotive Aftermarket Industry
Association
Behr
Bergstrom
BMW
California Air Resources Board
CalsonicKansei
Centre Ricerche Fiat
Clore Automotive
DaimlerChrysler
Delphi Corporation
DENSO
DuPont Fluoroproducts
Eaton
Ecole des Mines de Paris
Edith Cowan University (Australia)
Environment Canada
European Commission
Fiat Auto
Four Seasons
Friends of the Earth
General Motors
Goodyear
Honda
Honeywell
Hutchinson FTS
Hyundai
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
Indian Ministry of Environment and
Forests
INEOS Fluor
Institute of Governance and
Sustainable Development
International Organization of
Standardization
Isuzu
Japan Automobile Manufacturers
Association
Japan Fluorocarbon Manufacturers
Association
Japan Industrial Conference for
Ozone Layer and Climate Protection
Japan Ministry of Economy Trade
and Industry
Japan Ministry of Environment
Johnson Controls
Kia
Konvekta
Korea Advanced Institute of Science
and Technology
Maflow
Mitsubishi Motors
Mobile Air Conditioning Partners
Europe
Mobile Air Conditioning Society
Worldwide
Modine
Natural Resources Defense Council
Neutronics
Nissan
Obrist
Parker-Hannifin
PPG Industries
PSA Peugeot/Citroen
Red Dot
Refrigerant Reclaim Australia
RTI Technologies
Sanden
Shecco
Sinochem USA
Skye International Holdings
Snap-On Diagnostics
Society of Automotive Engineers
Society of Indian Automobile
Manufacturers
Solvay Fluorochemicals
SPX Robinair
Subaru
Subros
Sun Test
Suzuki
TATA Motors
TEXA, S.p.a.
Texas Instruments
The Energy and Resources Institute
(India)
Tl Automotive
Toyota
Tracer Products
Transpro
TYC Genera
Underwriters Laboratories
United Nations Environment
Programme DTIE
U.S. Army RDE Command
U.S. Department of Energy's National
Renewable Energy Laboratory
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
University of Braunschweig (Germany)
University of Illinois
University of Maryland
UView Ultraviolet Systems
Valeo
Vehicle Airconditioning Specialists of
Australia
Visteon Corporation
Volkswagen
Volvo Car Corporation
World Resources Institute
ZEXEL-Valeo
Congratulations to the Mobile Air Conditioning Climate Protection Partners for helping
us all save money and drive a little cleaner. This global team of corporate, government,
and environmental leaders is working together to rapidly improve the efficiency of your
vehicle air conditioning systems by at least 30% and reduce refrigerant leakage by at least
50%. Vehicle manufacturers and suppliers are improving existing air conditioning systems
and technicians are offering environmentally superior service as the global search for better
refrigerants continues. These voluntary actions will ultimately avoid millions of tons of
greenhouse gas emissions each year.
Visit our website at www.epa.gov/cppd/mac and help put the environment in the driver's seat.
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 65
-------
HFC-134a has no ozone depleting potential and only
one-sixth the global warming potential of the former
mobile air conditioning refrigerant, CFC-12.
Nevertheless, HFC-134a is still a potent greenhouse gas:
one pound of HFC-134a released to the atmosphere has
the same potential global warming effect as 1,300
pounds of CO2.
This partnership is making great progress. On Earth
Day 2004, it announced the Improved Mobile Air
Conditioning (IMAC) 30/50 project with ambitious
goals to reduce air conditioning fuel consumption by at
least 30 percent and cut refrigerant emissions by 50
percent. In 2005, substantial progress was made toward
these goals.
In 2005, the Mobile Air Conditioning Climate
Protection Partnership:
• Helped finalize a standard (J-2727, SAE) to certify
low-leakage mobile air conditioning systems.
• Identified technologies to reduce the vehicle air
conditioning coefficient of performance by up to
50 percent—20 percent more than the initial
IMAC goal.
• Developed a new technician certification program
that will improve technicians' skills and refrigerant
recovery rates.
• Helped update refrigerant recovery and recycling
equipment standards (J-2788, SAE) to recover more
refrigerant when vehicles are repaired or retired.
• Placed a public service announcement recognizing
partners, which garnered 1.2 million impressions
(see PSA p. 65).
What to Expect in 2006 and Beyond
for the High GWP Gas Programs
The High Global Warming Potential Gas partnership
programs for the industrial sector will continue to work
with their partners and implement strategies to keep
emissions below 1990 levels. EPA plans to:
• Continue to implement agreements with industry to
reduce greenhouse gas intensity for the aluminum,
magnesium, and semiconductor sectors through the
Climate VISION effort.
I Hold the 2nd Magnesium Melt Protection Users
Group Round Table at the 63rd Annual World
Magnesium Conference in Beijing, China. This EPA-
sponsored workshop seeks to provide an open forum
for the global magnesium industry to share
experiences in testing and implementing emerging
alternative melt protection technologies to eliminate
SF6 emissions by 2010.
I Conduct a follow-up study and publish a new
technical brochure of alternative magnesium melt
protection technologies. The results of the study are
expected to help the partnership accelerate its phase-
out of SF6 by 2010.
I Host the 4th International Conference on SF6 and
the Environment, which will bring together the
electric power and magnesium industries to share
information on SF6 emissions reduction and
elimination strategies and technologies.
I Present findings from a new equipment leak study at
the Annual General Meeting of the Institute of
Electrical and Electronics Engineer's (IEEE) Power
Engineering Society.
I Develop a Web-based emissions reduction training
module for primary aluminum facility managers and
pot-room operators. This module will increase
awareness of greenhouse gas emissions from
aluminum smelting and identify technical and
operational opportunities to reduce them.
I Evaluate the performance of a new electrically heated
thermal PFC abatement device at a semiconductor
partner's manufacturing facility.
I Maintain active partnerships with HCFC-22
chemical manufacturers to continue to reduce
emissions of HFC-23-
I Pursue additional greenhouse gas savings by reducing
refrigerant leakage and improving vehicle air
conditioner efficiency. Two partners are already
developing new, low-GWP refrigerants. Both
companies—DuPont and Honeywell—are currently
testing chemicals claimed to have global warming
potentials of less than 150.
-------
CALCULATING VOLUNTARY PROGRAM BENEFITS
CALCULATING VOLUNTARY PROGRAM BENEFITS
The benefits and how they are derived are described
below for three key climate partnership program areas:
ENERGY STAR, Methane Programs, and High GWP
Gas Programs. These descriptions build on the Program
Evaluation summaries included in each of the three
program sections.
ENERGY STAR. The estimated benefits from the
ENERGY STAR program reflect the stream of energy
savings that will persist through 2015 due to technology
investments and product purchases made through the
year 2005 by ENERGY STAR partners and due to the
effects of markets already transformed. The persistence is
calculated by maintaining the energy savings achieved in
2005 through the year 2015-16 The underlying
assumption is that the lifetime of most building and
industrial facility improvements is at least 10 years. For
residential and commercial products, expected lifetimes
range between 4 and 20 years, and the expected lifetime
for homes is over 30 years. Once consumers buy
ENERGY STAR qualified products, they are likely to
replace them with ENERGY STAR qualified products.
Taking a conservative approach, only a portion of future
replacement purchases and investments are counted
towards the cumulative program benefits. The benefits
that can be attributed to pre-existing trends are subtracted
out of the estimated ENERGY STAR benefits presented in
this 2005 annual report.
In addition, EPA estimates the PV of expenditures on
energy-efficient technologies based on the partners' or
customers' cost of the energy-efficient equipment.17 For
ENERGY STAR qualified products, expenditures were
taken as the incremental costs compared to standard
products, if any. For ENERGY STAR building and
industrial improvements, expenditures include the capital
costs of upgrading a building to ENERGY STAR
specifications. Finally, the NPV of bill savings is the
difference between the PV of energy bill savings and the
PV of the investment. It represents the net value to
partners and ENERGY STAR product consumers
participating in the program.
The estimated cumulative benefits for the ENERGY
STAR program from 1993 to 2015 are as follows:
Qualified Products and Homes.
• Preventing 157 MMTCE in greenhouse gas emissions.
• Prompting investment of $8.7 billion in climate
friendly technologies.
• Providing energy bill savings net of investment of
$64.9 billion.
Building and Industrial Improvements.
• Preventing 241 MMTCE in greenhouse gas emissions.
• Prompting investment of $26.8 billion in climate
friendly technologies.
• Providing energy bill savings net of investment of
$60.2 billion.
Methane Programs. The benefits for programs with a
small number of partners, such as Natural Gas STAR and
Landfill Methane, are calculated on a project-by-project
basis from the list of projects that the programs are
known to have affected. Energy bill savings include the
revenue from the sale of methane and/or the sale of
electricity made from the captured methane. The
expenditures include the capital costs agreed to by
partners to bring projects into compliance with the
Methane programs' specifications and any additional
operating costs engendered by program participation.
Both energy bill savings and technology expenditures
have been placed in present value terms. These programs
are estimated to have the following benefits from 1993
through 2015:
• Preventing 209 MMTCE in greenhouse gas emissions.
• Prompting $2.8 billion in investment in climate
friendly technologies.
• Providing energy bill savings net of investment of
$4.9 billion.
High GWP Gas Programs. The benefits for these
programs are derived from direct partner reports of the
greenhouse gas emissions the partners have avoided.
Program partners are expected to maintain their investments
in technologies and practices through 2015- Expenditures
and financial savings in the High GWP Gas Programs are
proprietary and are not included in the summary of economic
benefits and expenditures. The programs are estimated to
have the following benefits from 1993 through 2015:
• Preventing 192 MMTCE in greenhouse gas emissions.
16 The energy savings for the year 2005 are estimated from information provided by the Division for ENERGY STAR Homes, Buildings, and Industrial Improvements and from
information provided by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for ENERGY STAR Qualified Products.
17 Calculated using a discount rate of 7% and 2005 perspective
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 67
-------
COMPANIES AND ORGANIZATIONS MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT
3M 5, 19, 39, 40
4C Foods 47
10 West 66th Street Corporation 47
30 North LaSalle; Equity Office Properties 47
AC Delco 65
ACC Climate Control 65
ACE Hardware 21
ACME Markets, Inc 19
AGRAMKOW 65
Advanced Food Products 57
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc 5
Air Conditioning Contractors of America 24
Airsept 65
Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers 65
Alliance to Save Energy 31,51
Alliant Energy Generation 46
Alliant Energy/MidAmerican Energy Company 19
Allied Waste 57
American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy ... .51
American Electric Power 5,51
American Institute of Architects 34, 36
American Lighting Association 21
Anderson Homes, Inc 19, 28
Arizona Public Service Company 63
Arkema 65
Arrow Linen Supply Company 47
Aspen Homes of Colorado 19, 28
Aspen Skiing Company 45
Association of International
Automobile Manufacturers 65
Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners 51
Association of School Business Officials International . . .31
ASTORIA HOMES 19, 28, 29
Atlantic Golf, a Division of the Brick Companies 45
Audi 65
Austin Energy 19, 51
Australian Department of Environment and Heritage . . .65
Australian Federated Chamber of Automotive Industries .65
Australian Federation of Automotive Parts Manufacturers 65
Australian Fluorocarbon Council 65
Australian Greenhouse Office 65
Automotive Aftermarket Industry Association 65
Avista Advantage 19
Ball Corporation 5
Baltimore Aircoil Company 5
Baltimore Gas and Electric 51
Bank of America Corporation 5,13
Baxter International, Inc 5, 13, 63
Beaumont Refinery Project;
ExxonMobil Corporation 47
Behr 65
Bergstrom 65
Biodiesel Industries, Inc 57
BMW 65
Bonneville Power Administration 51
Bosgraaf Homes 19, 28
Buehler Food Markets 33
Building Owners and Managers Association . . . .30, 31, 36
Building Performance Institute 24
Bureau Veritas 19
Business Council of Fairfield County, Connecticut . .31, 36
California Air Resources Board 65
California Portland Cement Company 19, 41
California Public Utilities Commission 51
California State Department of General Services 36
Calpine 5, 13
CalsonicKansei 65
Cambridge Savings Bank 33
Caterpillar Inc 5, 13, 58
Cathedral Square Corporation 19
CenterPoint Energy 13
Centre Ricerche Fiat 65
Chester County Solid Waste Authority 57
Chevron Energy Solutions 46
Cinergy Corp 5
City of Denton, Texas 57
City of Fresno General Services Department 45
City of LaGrange, Georgia 58
City of Palo Alto Utilities 46
City of Vallejo, California 45
Clore Automotive 65
Colorado Springs School District 11 33
Columbia Gas Transmission Company 55
Columbia Gulf Transmission Company 55
Columbus Hospitality 33
Connecticut Consumer Counsel 51
Connecticut Department of
Environmental Protection 51
Connecticut Department of Public Utility Control 51
Connecticut Light and Power 36
CONSOL Energy 54
Consortium for Energy Efficiency 21, 24, 36
Cornell University 46
Council of Educational Facility
Planners International 31
Council of the Great City Schools 31
County of Alameda 45
Curtis Lumber Company, Inc 19
D.R. Horton, Inc 19, 28
Dagoba Organic Chocolate 45
DaimlerChrysler 65
Dart Container Corporation 57
David Powers Homes 19, 28, 29
Delphi Corporation 65
Delta-Montrose Electric Association 19
DENSO Corporation 63, 65
Devon Energy Corporation 55
District of Columbia Public Service Commission 51
Douglas, Emmett & Company 33
DTE Energy-MichCon 55
Duke Energy 50, 51, 55
DuPont.. . .66
-------
COMPANIES AND ORGANIZATIONS MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT
DuPont Fluoroproducts 65
Eastman Kodak Company 5
Eaton 65
Ecole des Mines de Paris 65
Edith Cowan University 65
El Paso Pipeline Group 55
EMC Corporation 5
Enbridge Energy Partners L.P. 55
Ence Homes 19, 28, 29
Energy Sense 19
EnergyTrust of Oregon, Inc 19
Entergy Corporation 22, 51
Environmental Defense 51
Environment Canada 65
European Commission 65
European Union 6
Exelon Corporation 5, 13, 51
Fairfax County, Virginia 58
Federal Research Center—White Oak Central Utility
Plant; General Services Administration 47
FedEx Express-Oakland Hub Facility 45
First Environment, Inc 5
Fiat Auto 65
Food Lion, LLC 19, 32, 33, 51
Food Marketing Institute 31
Ford Motor Company 19
Fort Collins Utilities 19
Four Seasons 65
FPL Group, Inc 5
Friends of the Earth 65
Frito-Lay 5, 13, 19
Gap, Inc 5, 13
General Electric Company 5,13
General Electric Consumer and Industrial 19
General Motors Corporation 5, 13, 65
General Services Administration 36
Giant Eagle, Inc 19, 33
Good Earth Lighting 19, 21
Goodyear 65
Gorell Enterprises, Inc 19
Governors' Ethanol Coalition 46
Granger Energy, LLC 57
Granite Properties 33
Great River Energy 51, 62
Green Mountain Coffee Roasters 45
Green Mountain Energy Company 5,13
Greenpark Care Center;
American DG New York, LLC 47
Green Power Communities 44
Gresham-Barlow School District 19, 33, 37
Guaranteed Watt Saver Systems, Inc 19
Harvard University 45
Hasbro, Inc 5
Haven Properties, Inc 19, 28
Haworth, Inc 5
H. E. Butt Grocery Company 33
Hermany Farms Dairy;
American DG New York, LLC 47
Hexion Specialty Chemicals, Inc 47
Holcim (US) Inc 5
Holliswood Care; American DG New York, LLC 47
Honda 65
Honeywell 65, 66
HSBC North America 45
Hutchinson FTS 65
Hyatt Regency Dallas & Hyatt Regency DFW 45
Hyundai 65
IBM Corporation 5, 13, 63
Independent School District 197 33
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi 65
Indian Ministry of Environment and Forests 65
INEOS Fluor 65
Innovative Design, Inc 19, 34
Interface Flooring Systems 58
Interface, Inc 5
International Organization of Standardization 65
International Paper 5
Institute for Governance and
Sustainable Development 65
Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers Power Engineering Society 66
Iowa Utilities Board 51
ISO New England Inc 51
Isuzu 65
Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association 65
Japan Fluorocarbon Manufacturers Association 65
Japan Industrial Conference for Ozone Layer and
Climate Protection 65
Japan Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry 65
Japan Ministry of Environment 65
Johnson & Johnson 5, 45, 46, 63
Johnson Controls 51, 65
Kentucky Office of Energy Policy 19
Kerr-McGee Oil & Gas Corporation 55
Kia 65
Konvekta 65
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology . . .65
La Jolla Medical Center;
Department of Veterans Affairs 47
Lanchester Landfill 57
Leak Survey, Inc 55
Lee County Landfill 57
LG&E Energy 62
Lithonia Lighting 19, 21
Lockheed Martin Corporation 5
Lowe's 19, 21, 24
Mack Trucks, Inc 5
Maflow 65
Manchester Tank; NiSource Energy Technologies 47
Marriott International, Inc 5, 13, 19, 32, 37
Maryland Energy Administration 19
Maytag Corporation 19
McCreary County Community Housing
Development Corporation 19
Melaver, Inc 5, 13
Merck & Co., Inc 19
MidAmerican Energy Company 51
Middlebury College 47
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 69
-------
Miller Brewing Company 5
Minnesota Public Utilities Commission 51
Mitsubishi Motors 65
Mobile Air Conditioning Partners Europe 65
Mobile Air Conditioning Society
Worldwide 63, 64, 65
Modine 65
Mohawk Fine Papers, Inc 45
Mohegan Sun 47
National Association of Counties 31
National Association of Regulatory
Utility Commissioners 50, 51
National Automobile Dealers Association 34
National Grid 19, 36
National Parent Teacher Association 31
National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5, 13, 63
Natural Resources Defense Council 51, 65
Neutronics 65
Nevada ENERGY STAR Partners 19, 28, 29
Nevada Power Company — Sierra Pacific
Power Company 19
New Jersey Board of Public Utilities 51
New Jerseys Clean Energy Program 19
New Jersey Green Homes Office—NJ Department of
Community Affairs 19
New Jersey Natural Gas 51
New York Power Authority 51
New York-Presbyterian Hospital 19, 33, 37, 46
New York State Energy Research
and Development Authority 19, 24
New York State Public Service Commission 51
next>edge 19
Nissan 65
North Carolina Air Office 51
North Carolina Energy Office 51
Northeast ENERGY STAR Lighting
and Appliance Initiative 19
North East Sustainable Energy Association 31
Northern Natural Gas 55
NSTAR 36
Obrist 65
Occidental Oil and Gas Corporation 55
Office of the Ohio Consumers' Counsel 51
Oracle Corporation 5
OSRAM SYLVANIA 19
Otter Tail Power 62
Pacific Gas and Electric Company 19, 51
Pardee Homes 19, 28
Parker-Hannifin 65
PECO Energy Delivery 62
Pennsylvania Department of
Environmental Protection 58
Pennsylvania Energy Development Authority 58
Pfizer, Inc 5
Piedmont Housing Alliance 19
Pinellas Community Development Department 19
PJM Interconnection 51
PNM Resources . . .51
Portland Cement Association 38, 41
Power Integrations, Inc 19
PPG Industries 65
Precision Entry, Inc 19
PSA Peugeot/Citroen 65
PSEG 5
Public Technology Institute 31
Puget Sound Energy 19
Red Dot 65
Refrigerant Reclaim Australia 63, 65
Rego Park Nursing Home;
AES-NJ Cogen Co. Inc 47
Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) 26
Roche Group U.S. Affiliates 5
Rochester City School District 33
Rolls-Royce 57
RTI Technologies 65
Sacramento Municipal Utility District 51
Safeway Inc 45
Sanden 65
San Diego City Schools 32, 33
Santee Cooper 51, 57
Save More Resources, Inc 19, 37
SC Johnson 5, 13
Sea Rise I; Bay Park I Associates 47
Sea Rise II; Bay Park II Associates 47
Sears, Roebuck and Co 19
Seattle City Light 51
Segal & Morel 19, 28
Semiconductor Industry Association 62
Servidyne Systems, LLC 19, 51
Shecco 65
Sinochem USA 65
Skye International Holdings 65
Snap-On Diagnostics 65
Society of Automotive Engineers 64, 65
Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers 65
Solvay Fluorochemicals 65
South Colonie Central School District 33
Southern California Edison 19, 51
Southern California Gas Company 19
Southern Company 51
South Houston Green Power, Cinergy Solutions, Inc.,
and BP Global Power 2, 47
South Washington County School District 833 33
Southwest Gas Corporation 55
Southwest Home Energy Raters 19
South Windsor High School 47
SPX-Robinair 65
Staples, Inc 5, 13
Starbucks Coffee 45
State of Maine 51
St. Francis Hospital and Medical Center 47
St. Francis Winery & Vineyards 45
St. Lawrence Cement 5
STMicrosystems, Inc 5
Subaru 65
Subros 65
70
-------
COMPANIES AND ORGANIZATIONS MENTIONED IN THIS REPORT
Sun Microsystems, Inc 5,13
Sun Test 65
Sustainable Buildings Industry Council 31
Suzuki 65
TATA Motors 65
Tennessee Valley Authority 51
TEXA, S.p.a 65
Texas Instruments 65
Texas State Energy Conservation Office 51
TexEnergy Solutions, Inc 19
The American Hotel & Lodging Association 31
The American Society for Healthcare Engineering
of the American Hospital Association 31
The American Solar Energy Society—Legacy
Schools Program 31
The Association of Energy Engineers 31
The California Energy Commission 34, 51, 63
The Collins Companies 5
The Conference Board 40
The Dow Chemical Company 51
The Energy and Resources Institute 65
The Home Depot 19, 22, 24
The National Association of
Elementary School Principals 31
The National Association of
Energy Service Companies 31, 36
The National Association of
Secondary School Principals 31
The National Association of State Energy Officials 31
The National Energy Education
Development Project 31
The National Energy Foundation 31
The National School Boards Association 31
The Real Estate Roundtable 31
The Saunders Hotel Group 33
The Vanguard Group 33
The World Bank Group 45
TI Automotive 65
Toyota 65
Toyota Motor Manufacturing
North America, Inc 19, 39, 40
Tracer Products 65
Transpro 65
Transwestern Commercial Services 19
Tristate Generation and Transmission
Association, Inc 51
TXU Electric Delivery ENERGY STAR
Homes Program 19
TYC Genera 65
U.S. Air Force 45, 63
U.S. Army RDE Command 65
U.S. Department of Agriculture 46, 52
U.S. Department of Energy 2, 4, 6, 14, 16, 21
22, 23, 24, 34, 36, 43, 50, 64
U.S. Department of Energy's National
Renewable Energy Laboratory 65
U.S. Department of Housing and
Urban Development 4, 24
U.S. Green Building Council 28, 34
U.S. Mine Safety & Health Administration 59
U.S. Office of Management and Budget 10
U.S. Small Business Administration 34, 36
Underwriters Laboratories 65
United Nations Environment Program DTIE 65
United States Telecom Association 31
United Technologies Corporation 5
University of Braunschweig 65
University of Cincinnati 47
University of Illinois 65
University of Maryland 47, 65
University of Michigan 63
University of Minnesota, Morris 45
University of Texas at Austin 47
USAA Real Estate Company 19, 33, 51
Utilimaster; NiSource Energy Technologies 47
UView Ultraviolet Systems 65
Valeo 65
Vectren Corporation 51
Vehicle Airconditioning Specialists of Australia 65
Vestil Manufacturing; NiSource
Energy Technologies 47
Veridian Homes 19, 28
Vermont Energy Investment Corporation 51
Victory Refrigeration 19
Visteon Corporation 65
Volkswagen 65
Volvo Car Corporation 65
Volvo Trucks North America 5
Wabash Valley Power Association 58
Waldbaums Supermarket; A&P Tea Company 47
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc 51
Washington Utilities and
Transportation Commission 51
Waste Management 58
Waverly Light and Power 51
Western Gas Resources 55
Western Washington University 45
Weyerhaeuser Albany Containerboard Mill 47
Weyerhaeuser Hawesville Complex 47
Whirlpool Corporation 19
WhiteWave Foods Company 45
Whole Foods Market 45
Winton/Flair Custom Homes 19, 28
Wisconsin Focus on Energy 19
World Resources Institute 65
World Semiconductor Council 62
Xcel Energy 51
Xerox Corporation 5,13
Yokota Tohoku Company 63
York County School Division 33
ZEXEL-Valeo . . .65
ENERGY STAR® and Other Climate Protection Partnerships 2005 Annual Report 71
-------
FIGURES
Figure 1. More greenhouse gas emissions avoided each through partner actions 3
Figure 2. Since 2000, ENERGY STAR benefits have more than doubled 3
Figure 3. EPA climate partnership programs can nearly double emissions avoided by 2015 7
Figure 4. U.S. greenhouse gas emissions by sector and gas 9
Figure 5. Overview of the products contributing to 2 billion purchases of ENERGY STAR products since 1992 15
Figure 6. Reaching more consumers with the ENERGY STAR message through print media and the Web 15
Figure 7. States promote ENERGY STAR Change a Light, Change the World in 2005 23
Figure 8. Home Performance with ENERGY STAR spreads across the country 25
Figure 9. Quality installation delivers more cooling 25
Figure 10. A decade of growth for ENERGY STAR qualified new homes 27
Figure 11. ENERGY STAR qualified new homes gaining market share 27
Figure 12. States committed to the ENERGY STAR Challenge through 2005 31
Figure 13. Building benchmarking and ENERGY STAR labeling gain momentum 33
Figure 14. Building benchmarking activity by state 35
Figure 15. Partner Green Power purchases and resulting GHG emissions avoided since 2001 45
Figure 16. Capacity of Combined Heat and Power projects by state as of 2005 47
Figure 17. Charter partners in the Clean Energy-Environment State Partnership 49
Figure 18. Partner actions are projected to maintain methane emissions below 1990 levels through 2012 53
Figure 19. Partner actions are projected to maintain emissions of high GWP gases below 1990 levels through 2012 61
TABLES
Table 1. Benefits from partner actions in 2005 and cumulative benefits through 2015 from partner actions
through 2005 (in billions of 2005 dollars and MMTCE) 3
Table 2. Greenhouse gas reduction goals for EPA climate partnership programs over next 10 years (MMTCE) 7
Table 3. Climate Vision goals for EPA's high GWP gas programs 7
Table 4. Market barriers addressed by EPA's climate partnership programs 9
Table 5. Overview of EPA climate partnership programs reviewed in this Annual Report with greenhouse gas
reductions since 2000 11
Table 6. Climate Leaders key program indicators for 2004 and 2005 13
Table 7. Five Climate Leaders achieve their climate protection goals in 2005 13
Table 8. Thirteen more Climate Leaders set aggressive climate protection goals for a total of 38 13
Table 9. ENERGY STAR Program achievements exceed goals in 2005 15
Table 10. ENERGY STAR Program growth since 2000 17
Table 11. ENERGY STAR key program indicators, 2000 and 2005 17
Table 12. ENERGY STAR qualified products save energy 18
Table 13. ENERGY STAR residential product specifications added, revised, and in progress 21
Table 14. Key associations committed to the ENERGY STAR Challenge through 2005 31
Table 15. 2005 ENERGY STAR Leaders 33
Table 16. ENERGY STAR commercial product specifications added, revised, and in progress 35
Table 17. Summary of EPA ENERGY STAR industrial focuses 39
Table 18. Greenhouse gas emissions avoided by EPA's Clean Energy Supply Programs (MMTCE) 44
Table 19. EPA recognized 22 leading Green Power partners in 2005 45
Table 20. EPA recognized 28 leading Combined Heat and Power partners in 2005 47
Table 21. Summary of clean energy policies described in EPA's Clean Energy-Environment Guide to Action 49
Table 22. National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency Leadership Group 51
Table 23. Global warming potentials (GWPs) and atmospheric lifetimes of greenhouse gases 53
Table 24. Methane Programs: EPA goals and achievements 53
Table 25. Global warming potentials (GWPs) and atmospheric lifetimes of greenhouse gases 61
Table 26. High GWP Gas Programs: EPA goals and achievements 61
72
-------
REFERENCES
Climate Protection Partnerships Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2006. Partner and emissions
data for 2005 provided by individual programs within the Climate Protection Partnerships, Office of
Atmospheric Programs.
Consortium for Energy Efficiency (GEE). 2006. National Awareness of ENERGY STAR for 2005: Analysis of
CEE Household Survey. Available online at www.ceel.org/eval/2005_ES_survey_rep.pdf.
Energy Information Administration (EIA). 2006. Annual Energy Review 2005- Office of Markets and End Use.
July. Available online at www.eia.doe.gov/aer/contents.html (DOE/EIA-0384(2005).
EIA. 2006. Annual Energy Outlook 2006 with Projections to 2030. Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting.
February. Available online atwww.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/aeo/index.html (DOE/EIA-0383(2006)).
Horowitz, M.J. 2001. "Economic Indicators of Market Transformation: Energy Efficient Lighting and EPA's
Green Lights." The Energy Journal Vol 22, Fall (4):95-122.
Horowitz, M.J. 2004. "Electricity Intensity in the Commercial Sector: Market and Public Program Effects."
The Energy Journal Vol 25, Spring (2):115-137.
ICF International, Inc. 2006. An Estimate of Emissions Reductions Accomplished by ENERGY STAR Industrial
Partners. Prepared for EPA's Climate Protection Partnerships.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 1996. Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate
Change. J.T. Houghton, L.G. Meira Filho, B.A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg, and K. Maskell, eds.
Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, UK.
Kats, G., and J. Perlman. 2006. Summary of the Financial Benefits of ENERGY STAR® Labeled Office Buildings.
February. (EPA 430-F-06-003).
Koomey, J., A. Rosenfeld, and A. Gadgil. 1990. Conservation Screening Curves to Compare Efficiency Investments
at Power Plants. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. October. (LBNL-27286).
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2006. Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-
2004. Office of Atmospheric Programs. April. (EPA 430-R-06-002). Available online at
http://yosemite.epa.gov/oar/ globalwarming.nsf/content/
ResourceCenterPublicationsGHGEmissionsUSEmissionsInventory2006.html.
Webber, C.A., R.E. Brown, M. McWhinney, and J.G. Koomey. 2006. Status Report: Savings Estimates for the
ENERGY STAR Voluntary Labeling Program (DRAFT). Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. (LBNL-51319).
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Air and Radiation 6202J
EPA430-R-06-014
www.epa.gov
October 2006
-------
&EPA
United States
Environmental Protection Agency
Air and Radiation (6202J)
Washington, DC 20460-0001
First Class Mail
Postage and Fees Paid
EPA
G-35
Official Business
Penalty for Private Use
$300
Recycled/Recyclable Printed on paper containing 30% post consumer waste.
------- |