£EPA
Air and Radiation EPA420-P-04-010
April 2004
NR-010d
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Exhaust Emission Factors for
Nonroad Engine Modeling-
Spark-Ignition
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EPA420-P-04-010
Revised April 2004
Exhaust Emission Factors for Nonroad Engine
Modeling-Spark-lgnition
NR-010d
Assessment and Standards Division
Office of Transportation and Air Quality
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
NOTICE
This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions.
It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available.
The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of
technical information and to inform the public of technical developments which
may form the basis for a final EPA decision, position, or regulatory action.
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Exhaust Emission Factors
for Nonroad Engine Modeling--
Spark Ignition
Report No. NR-OlOd
revised April 2004
Assessment and Standards Division
EPA, Office of Transportation and Air Quality
Purpose
This report describes and documents exhaust emission factors and brake specific fuel
consumption (BSFC) estimates used for spark ignition (SI) engines in EPA's draft
NONROAD2004 emission inventory model. It covers engines powered by gasoline, natural gas
and liquefied petroleum gas.
Additional EPA reports describe other issues relating to emission factors including
NONROAD emission factors for evaporative emissions, crankcase emissions, spillage and other
non-exhaust emissions (NR-012b), adjustments to emission rates due to variations in fuel and
temperature (NR-OOlb), speciation of hydrocarbon emissions (NR-002b), and adjustments to
emission rates as equipment deteriorates due to time and use (NR-01 Ib). Emission factors for
compression ignition (diesel) engines are covered in a separate report (NR-009c).
Introduction
The U.S. EPA's NONROAD model computes county-level emission inventories for
nonroad engines. These calculations rely on emission factors — estimates of the amount of
pollution emitted by a particular type of equipment during a unit of use. Typically emission
factors for nonroad sources are reported in grams per horsepower-hour (g/hp-hr), but they also
may be reported in grams per mile (g/mile), grams per hour, grams per gallon, etc. The SI
exhaust emission factors in the NONROAD model are reported in g/hp-hr, with the exception of
nonroad motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles, which are reported in g/mile. The SI BSFCs are
reported in Ib/hp-hr, with the exception of nonroad motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles, which
are reported in Ib/mile.
The pollutants covered by this report include exhaust total hydrocarbons (HC), carbon
monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), total particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO2),
and sulfur dioxide (SO2). For nonroad engines, all PM emissions are assumed to be smaller than
10 microns (PM10), and 92% of the PM from gasoline and diesel fueled engines is assumed to
be smaller than 2.5 microns (PM2.5). For gaseous fueled engines (LPG/CNG), 100% of the PM
NR-01 Od.wpd 1
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emissions are assumed to be smaller than PM2.5. The NONROAD Reporting Utility allows the
user to select the desired size range.
Zero-mile, steady-state emission factors for HC, CO, NOX, PM, and steady-state BSFCs
are discussed first, followed by adjustments (where applicable) to account for transient
operation. Technology distributions by model year, to account for changes in emission factors
over time, are then discussed. Derivation of CO2 and SO2 emission factors follows.
As explained in NR-006c, spark-ignition engine equipment population under 25
horsepower will be combined into one source classification code (SCC) per application to handle
expected shifts in market share between 2 and 4-stroke gasoline, LPG, and CNG engines. In the
model, the distinction between two- and four-stroke spark-ignition engine emission factors will
be maintained using the technology groups described in this report. In this current document, the
SCC distinction between 2 and 4-stroke gasoline, LPG, and CNG engines is maintained,
however, in the model, we will distinguish emission factors between them by using the
technology group methodology.
Background
Prior to the NONROAD model, there have been three major efforts to estimate nonroad
spark ignition emission inventories. We have reviewed these efforts in our work to select
emission factors for the draft version of NONROAD. The three inventories/models are:
• EPA's Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study ("NEVES").[1] Published in
November, 1991, this study was mandated by Congress to determine whether nonroad
sources made a significant contribution to urban air pollution. The study covers
emissions from all nonroad engines and includes hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide
(CO), nitrogen oxides (NOX), total particulates (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and other
pollutants. It provides inventories for 19 ozone and 16 CO nonattainment areas.
• California Air Resources Board's nonroad model ("OFF-ROAD") [2], designed to
estimate nonroad emissions for the state of California only. A draft version of this model
was released August 1, 1997. The model covers HC, CO, NOX, PM, sulfur dioxide (SO2),
and carbon dioxide (CO2) for all nonroad engines. ARE periodically revises components
of the OFF-ROAD model.
• EPA's "Small Engine Model"~designed as an internal tool for evaluating various
control scenarios, EPA has used this model to estimate the effect of regulations on small
spark-ignition (SI) engines under 19 kW (25 hp). This model has evolved over time, but
the pre-control exhaust emission factors have not changed since the model was
documented in 1995. [3] The model computes national-level inventories of nonroad HC,
CO, and NOX.
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The emission factors used in these prior efforts have been based on a very small number
of engine studies, particularly when compared to the large body of data available for highway
vehicles.
Emission Factor Categories
NEVES defines emission factors by the equipment use (i.e., by "application") but does
not assign different emission factors to engines of different sizes within the same application.
On the other hand, OFF-ROAD and the Small Engine Model define emission factors by engine
size (by horsepower in OFF-ROAD and by displacement in the Small Engine Model), but do not
assign different emission factors to engines used in different applications that are of the same
size. Given the structure of emission control regulations and the design similarities between
engines of the same horsepower used in various applications, we define emission factors
primarily by power level in draft NONROAD2004. Appendix A provides a comparison of the
power categories in OFF-ROAD, the Small Engine Model, and NONROAD. The NONROAD
model allows for the use of application-specific emission factors if there is sufficient information
to justify their use. We use application-based emission factor categories only to distinguish
recreational marine engines and selected recreational vehicles.
Emission Standards
In addition to estimating emissions from pre-controlled engines, the NONROAD model
is designed to account for the effect of federal emissions standards. The model does not cover
California emission standards and federal standards that are not yet final. Thus, NONROAD
will include emission factors under the following final regulations that cover SI engines at or
below 19 kilowatts (25 hp) and SI marine engines:
• Emissions for New Nonroad Spark Ignition Engines at or below 19 Kilowatts. ("Small
Engine Rule, Phase 1") [4]
• Phase 2: Emission Standards for New Nonroad Nonhandheld Spark-Ignition Engines At
or Below 19 Kilowatts. ("Small Engine Nonhandheld Rule, Phase 2") [5]
• Phase 2: Emission Standards for New Nonroad Spark-Ignition Handheld Engines At or
Below 19 Kilowatts and Minor Amendments to Emission Requirements Applicable to
Small Spark-Ignition Engines and Marine Spark-Ignition Engines. ("Small Engine
Handheld Rule, Phase 2") [6]
• Final Rule for New Gasoline Spark-Ignition Marine Engines; Exemptions for New
Nonroad Compression-Ignition engines at or Above 37 Kilowatts and New Nonroad
Spark-Ignition Engines at or Below 19 Kilowatts ("Marine Rule") [7]
• Control of Emissions From Nonroad Large Spark-Ignition Engines and Recreational
Engines (Marine and Land-Based); Final Rule [8]
NR-OlOd.wpd 3
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Zero-Hour. Steady-State Emission Factors for HC. CO. NO^. PM. and Steady-State BSFCs
This section describes the zero-hour, steady-state emission factors and steady-state
BSFCs that are used in draft NONROAD2004. Pre-controlled (baseline) and controlled (where
applicable) emission factors are described for each of the following regulatory equipment
categories: small SI engines <25 hp, large SI engines >25 hp, land-based recreational engines,
and recreational marine engines.
Spark-Ignition (SI) Engines <25 hp
This category includes all engines <25 hp except those used for recreational applications
(such as motorcycles or snowmobiles), for marine propulsion, or for toy boats and airplanes.
The engines in this category are used primarily in lawn and garden equipment.
For this category, engines are segregated by the class of the engine (I - V). Each class is
determined by the use of the engine, i.e., handheld or nonhandheld, and engine displacement.
Classes I and II refer to nonhandheld small SI engines; classes III, IV, and V refer to handheld
small SI engines. The classes have the following displacements: Class I (< 225cc); Class II (>
225cc); Class III (< 20cc); Class IV (> 20cc and < 50cc); Class V (> 50cc).
Each class in turn is subject to two phases of regulation (Phase 1 and Phase 2). Under the
Phase 1 regulations, new engines have had to meet emission standards for HC, CO, and NOX
since 1997. For nonhandheld applications (such as lawn and garden tractors and lawnmowers),
more stringent Phase 2 standards phase in between 2001 and 2007. For handheld applications
(such as leaf blowers and chainsaws), more stringent Phase 2 standards phase in between 2002
and 2007. The test procedure used for these regulations is the Small SI Engine Federal Steady-
State Test Procedure.
Tables 1-5 contain the baseline and Phase 1 and 2 controlled emission factors for these
five classes of engines. There are no LPG or CNG engines less than 25 hp in draft
NONROAD2004; therefore, the emission factors in these tables are used for gasoline engines in
the model.
In order to account for the effect of the rulemaking and the phase-in of the new standards,
engines meeting the new standards were defined by the technology types in Tables 1-5. (A
complete list and description of SI technology types used in draft NONROAD2004 is provided
in Appendix B, Table B3.) Handheld engines (Classes III-V) are not expected to include any 4-
stroke engines (but emission factors are supplied for users) but are expected to include a small
fraction of catalyst equipped engines. Nonhandheld engines include both 2 and 4-stroke engines,
but manufacturers are expected to build only 4-stroke engines with the advent of the new
regulations. Nonhandheld 4-stroke engine production is split between two technical types, side-
valve and overhead valve systems, which have been shown to exhibit significantly different
emission characteristics.
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In general, for baseline emissions, NONROAD uses emission factors based on those in
the Small Engine Model. [3] Also, the PM emission factors for the entire category (both
baseline and controlled) are based on values in NEVES. [1]
For nonhandheld (class I and II) engines, NONROAD uses the brake-specific fuel
consumption (BSFC), HC, CO, and NOX emission factors for Phase 1 and 2 that are contained in
the final regulatory impact analysis. [9] (The baseline emission factors are also contained in this
reference.) The Phase 1 emission factors were based on values obtained from the EPA 1998
Phase 1 Certification database. For Phase 2, the emission factors were back-calculated using 1)
the Phase 2 standards, and 2) a multiplicative deterioration factor for each pollutant. The
deterioration factors are described in more detail in NR-01 la.
For handheld (class III, IV, and V) engines, NONROAD also uses the BSFC, HC, CO,
and NOX emission factors for Phase 1 and 2 that are contained in the final regulatory impact
analysis. [10] (The baseline emission factors are also contained in this reference.) For Phase 1,
the emission factors were back-calculated using 1) the Phase 1 standards, and 2) a multiplicative
deterioration factor for each pollutant. For Phase 2, the emission factors were determined using
the same methodology. As mentioned above, the deterioration factors are described in more
detail in NR-01 la.
Table 1 . Emissions and BSFCs for Class III Handheld Small SI Engines (< 20cc)*
Engine Tech Type
G2H3 (gas 2-stroke handheld Class III, baseline)
G2H31 (Phase 1)
G2H3C1 (Phase 1 with catalyst)
G2H32 (Phase 2)
G2H3C2 (Phase 2 with catalysts)
HC
g/hp-hr
261.00
219.99
219.99
33.07
26.87
CO
g/hp-hr
718.87
480.31
480.31
283.37
141.69
NOX
g/hp-hr
0.97
0.78
0.78
0.91
1.49
PM
g/hp-hr
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
1.365
1.184
1.184
0.822
0.822
* Assigned NONROAD hp range: 0-1 hp
Table 2. Emissions and BSFCs for Class IV Handheld Small SI Engines (>20cc and <50cc)*
Engine Tech Type
G2H4 (gas 2-stroke handheld Class IV, baseline)
G2H41 (Phase 1)
G2H4C1 (Phase 1 with catalyst)
G4H41 (Phase 1 4-stroke)
HC
g/hp-hr
261.00
179.72
179.72
22.37
CO
g/hp-hr
718.87
407.38
407.38
533.42
NOX
g/hp-hr
0.94
0.51
0.51
1.79
PM
g/hp-hr
7.7
7.7
7.7
0.06
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
1.365
1.184
1.184
0.847
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G2H42 (Phase 2)
G2H4C2 (Phase 2 with catalysts)
G4H42 (Phase 2 4-stroke)
33.07
26.87
25.83
283.37
141.69
432.51
0.91
1.49
1.13
7.7
7.7
0.06
0.822
0.822
0.847
* Assigned NONROAD hp range: 1-3 hp
Table 3. Emissions and BSFCs for Class V Handheld Small SI Engines (>50cc)*
Engine Tech Type
G2H5 (gas 2-stroke handheld Class V, baseline)
G2H51 (Phase 1)
G2H5C1 (Phase 1 with catalyst)
G2H52 (Phase 2)
G2H5C2 (Phase 2 with catalysts)
HC
g/hp-hr
159.58
120.06
120.06
47.98
40.15
CO
g/hp-hr
519.02
351.02
351.02
283.37
141.69
NOX
g/hp-hr
0.97
1.82
1.82
0.91
1.49
PM
g/hp-hr
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
0.921
0.870
0.870
0.608
0.608
: Assigned NONROAD hp range: 3-6 hp
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Table 4. Emissions and BSFCs for Class I Nonhandheld Small SI Engines (< 225cc)*
Engine Tech Type
G2N1 (gas 2-stroke nonhandheld Class I, baseline)
G4N1S (gas, side-valved, 4-stroke nonhandheld Class I,
baseline)
G4N1O (gas, overhead-valved, 4-stroke nonhandheld
Class I, baseline)
G2N11 (2-stroke, Phase 1)
G4N1S1 (Phase 1 side-valved, 4-stroke)
G4N1O1 (Phase 1 overhead valved 4-stroke)
G4N1SC1 (Phase 1 side-valved, 4-stroke with catalyst)
G4N1S2 (Phase 2 side-valved)
G4N1O2 (Phase 2 overhead valved)
HC
g/hp-hr
207.92
38.99
13.39
120.06
8.40
8.40
8.40
7.93
6.13
CO
g/hp-hr
485.81
430.84
408.84
449.66
353.69
351.16
353.69
353.69
351.16
NOX
g/hp-hr
0.29
2.00
1.80
4.00
3.60
3.24
3.60
2.37
1.83
PM
g/hp-hr
7.7
0.06
0.06
7.7
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
0.870
1.365
0.991
0.870
0.921
0.781
0.921
0.921
0.781
* Assigned NONROAD hp range: 3-6 hp
Table 5. Emissions and BSFCs for Class II Nonhandheld Small SI Engines (> 225CC)"
Engine Tech Type
G2N2 (gas 2-stroke nonhandheld Class II, baseline)
G4N2S (gas, side-valved, 4-stroke nonhandheld Class
II, baseline)
G4N2O (gas, overhead-valved, 4-stroke nonhandheld
Class II, baseline)
G4N2S1 (Phase 1 side-valved, 4-stroke)
G4N2O1 (Phase 1 overhead valved 4-stroke)
G4N2S2 (Phase 2 side-valved)
G4N2O2 (Phase 2 overhead valved)
HC
g/hp-hr
207.92
9.66
5.20
5.50
5.20
5.50
4.16
CO
g/hp-hr
485.81
430.84
408.84
387.02
352.57
387.02
352.57
NOX
g/hp-hr
0.29
2.06
3.50
4.50
3.50
4.50
2.77
PM
g/hp-hr
7.7
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
0.870
0.937
0.937
0.868
0.740
0.868
0.740
* Assigned NONROAD hp range: 6-25 hp
Spark-Ignition Engines > 25 hp
Nonroad SI engines above 25 hp are generally found in industrial equipment and are
used in a wide variety of applications, including forklifts, airport ground-service equipment,
terminal tractors, generators, compressors, welders, aerial lifts, and ice grooming machines.
These engines may operate on gasoline, LPG, or CNG. Emission standards for SI engines >25
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hp have recently been finalized. [8] Both uncontrolled and Phase 1 and 2 controlled emission
factors are included in NONROAD2004.
Summaries of the precontrolled, Phase 1 controlled, and Phase 2 controlled emission
factors used for this equipment category are provided in Tables 6 through 8. Emission factors
for the gasoline 4-stroke, LPG, and CNG engines were taken from the regulatory support
document for the final rule, and are based on a summary of available test data. [11]
Table 6. Emission Factors and BSFCs for Spark-Ignition Engines > 25 HP
Engine Tech Type
HC
g/hp-hr
CO
g/hp-hr
NOX
g/hp-hr
PM
g/hp-hr
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
Uncontrolled
G4GT25 (gas, 4-stroke, baseline)
LGT25 (LPG, baseline)
NGT25 (CNG, baseline)
3.85
1.68
24.64
107.23
28.23
28.23
8.43
11.99
11.99
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.605
0.507
0.507
Phase 1
G4GT251 (gas, 4-stroke)
LGT251 (LPG)
NGT251 (CNG)
0.59
0.25
3.69
29.86
24.49
24.49
1.51
2.10
2.10
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.484
0.406
0.406
Phase 2
G4GT252 (gas, 4-stroke)
LGT252 (LPG)
NGT252 (CNG)
0.27
0.10
1.57
11.94
3.92
3.92
0.69
0.85
0.89
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.484
0.406
0.406
Motorcycles. All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVsX and Snowmobiles
These engines differ significantly from other SI engines in their basic design, operating
characteristics, and emission rates. Emission standards have recently been finalized for these
engines. [8]
A summary of the emission factors for these engines is provided in Table 7. The HC,
CO, and NOX emission data for ATVs and motorcycles were provided by a manufacturer and
represent various makes, models, model years, and engine sizes. The emission factors for ATVs
and motorcycles are expressed as gram/mile (Ib/mile for BSFC). The HC, CO, and NOX test data
used for snowmobiles came from the International Snowmobile Manufacturers Association
(ISMA) and Southwest Research Institute (SwRI). The emission factors for snowmobiles are
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expressed as gram/hp-hr (Ib/hp-hr for BSFC). The emission factors are documented in
regulatory support documents for the final rule. [11,12]
Table 7. Emission Factors and BSFCs for Offroad Motorcycles, ATVs, and Snowmobiles
Equipment/Tech Type
Precontrol 2-stroke offroad motorcycles (R12S)
Precontrol 4-stroke offroad motorcycles (R14S)
Phase 1 4-stroke offroad motorcycles (R14S1)
2-stroke all terrain vehicles (R12S)
4-stroke all terrain vehicles (R14S)
Phase 1 4-stroke all terrain vehicles (R14S1)
Precontrol 2-stroke snowmobiles (R12S)
Modified 2-stroke snowmobiles (R12S1)
Direct Injection 2-stroke snowmobiles (R12S2)
4-stroke snowmobiles (R14S)
HC
g/mile
55.70
2.40
2.10
53.90
2.40
1.60
HC
g/hp-hr
111.0
53.70
21.80
7.80
CO
g/mile
54.10
48.50
30.60
54.10
48.50
30.60
CO
g/hp-hr
296.0
146.9
90.0
123.0
NOX
g/mile
0.150
0.410
0.340
0.150
0.410
0.260
NOX
g/hp-hr
0.86
0.86
2.80
9.20
PM
g/mile
2.10
0.06
0.06
2.10
0.06
0.06
PM
g/hp-hr
2.70
2.70
0.57
0.15
BSFC
Ib/mile
0.268
0.201*
0.158
0.158
0.213
0.160*
0.167
0.167
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
1.660
1.660
1.245
1.245
* The standards for off-road motorcycle and ATV recreational engines allow the engine manufacturers to meet the controlled 4-
stroke engine standard with a 2-stroke engine. If a manufacturer succeeds in meeting the 4-stroke controlled standard with a
two-stroke engine, this is the estimate of what the BSFC for the controlled 2-stroke engine would be.
Recreational SI Marine Engines
Recreational SI marine engines are divided into three categories: outboard, personal
watercraft (PWC), and sterndrive/inboard engines. Emission factors (HC, CO, and NOX) for
these engines were taken from work accomplished in support of the 1996 rulemaking for new
emission standards for these engines, as well as newer information and analysis related to SI
inboard engines. [13,14] BSFCs and PM emission factors were derived from NEVES. [1]
Table 8 shows how the power level ranges used in the 1996 rulemaking analysis were matched
to the power levels used in NONROAD. Tables 9-12 show the emission rates by power range
for precontrolled outboard, PWC, and inboard engines.
To determine the effect of the Federal rulemaking for these types of engines, technical
types were defined to reflect new technologies that would be employed to meet the emission
NR-OlOd.wpd
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levels required.1 These new technologies would be employed to various degrees to reflect the
phase-in of the new emission standards. Technical types were defined to incorporate the
emission reductions expected and the phase-in of the standards.
The pre-controlled outboard two-stroke and four-stroke engines were defined by the
technical types Ml and M4. Four additional engine technical types (M5, M6, M8, and M9) were
defined to account for the new standards and allows for phase-in of the standards. Emission
factors for these technical types are given in Tables 13-16.
Table 8. Mapping of Recreational Marine Engine Power Ranges
Outboard
PWC
Inboard
EPA-RIA
<3.9hp
3.9-9.9
9.9-29.9
29.9-49.9
49.9 - 74.9
74.9 - 99.9
99.9-149.9
149.9 - 199.9
30 - 50 hp
50-75
100 - 150 hp
150 - 200
>200
NONROAD Model
0-3hp
3- 11
11-25
25-50
50 - 100
100 - 175
0 - 50 hp
50 - 175
0 - 100 hp
100 - 175
>175
1 It should be noted that there are recreational marine tech types in the input files that are not yet
defined and are not used at this time.
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Table 9. Two-Stroke Outboard (SCC - 2282005010) Emission Factors and BSFCs for
Precontrolled Engines (Ml Tech Type)
NONROAD
Power Range
0-3hp
3-11
11 -25
25-50
50 - 100
100 - 175
>175
HC
g/hp-hr
254.01
218.43
164.49
116.38
101.95
128.69
128.69
CO
g/hp-hr
396.5
335.7
301.4
231.3
233.5
313.3
313.3
NOX
g/hp-hr
3.072
2.521
1.002
1.190
1.833
4.476
4.476
PM
g/hp-hr
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
Table 10. Four-Stroke Outboard (SCC - 2282005010) Emission Factors and BSFCs for
Precontrolled Engines (M4 Tech Type)
NONROAD
Power Range
0-3hp
3-11
11 -25
25-50
50 - 100
100 - 175
>175
HC
g/hp-hr
90.42
22.16
13.70
14.92
8.21
7.46
7.46
CO
g/hp-hr
436.4
436.4
339.2
339.2
258.1
258.1
258.1
NOX
g/hp-hr
3.678
3.879
5.953
7.460
7.460
8.952
8.952
PM
g/hp-hr
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
Table 11. Personal Watercraft (SCC - 2282005015) Precontrolled Emission Factors and BSFCs
(M2 Tech Type. For 4-stroke see Tech Type Ml3 in Table 17)
NONROAD
Power Range
0 - 50 hp
50 - 175
HC
g/hp-hr
135.10
153.66
CO
g/hp-hr
257.9
252.7
NOX
g/hp-hr
0.701
1.001
PM
g/hp-hr
7.7
7.7
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
1.3
1.3
Table 12. Inboard (SCC - 2282010005) Precontrolled Emission Factors and BSFCs
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(M3 Tech Type)
NONROAD
Power Range
all
HC
g/hp-hr
5.88
CO
g/hp-hr
153.7
NOX
g/hp-hr
5.350
PM
g/hp-hr
0.06
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
0.7
Table 13. Two-Stroke Outboard (SCC - 2282005010) Emission Factors and BSFCs with
Carburetor & Ignition Modifications (M5 Tech Type)
NONROAD
Power Range
0-3hp
3-11
11 -25
25-50
50 - 100
100 - 175
>175
HC
g/hp-hr
254.01
218.43
161.51
116.38
101.95
115.63
115.63
CO
g/hp-hr
484.9
484.9
430.8
422.2
276.0
289.4
289.4
NOX
g/hp-hr
3.072
2.521
1.002
1.190
1.833
8.206
8.206
PM
g/hp-hr
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
Table 14. Two-Stroke Outboard (SCC - :
Modifications and Catalyst (M6 Tech Ty]
NONROAD
Power Range
0-3hp
3-11
11 -25
25-50
50 - 100
100 - 175
>175
HC
g/hp-hr
123.69
106.37
80.10
56.67
49.65
62.66
62.66
2282005010) Emission Factors and BSFCs with
36)
CO
g/hp-hr
311.5
263.8
236.8
181.7
183.5
246.2
246.2
NOX
g/hp-hr
2.560
2.101
0.835
0.992
1.527
3.730
3.730
PM
g/hp-hr
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
NR-OlOd.wpd
12
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Table 15. Two-Stroke Outboard (SCC - 2282005010) Emission Factors and BSFCs with
Electronic Fuel Injection (M8 Tech Type)
NONROAD
Power Range
0-3hp
3-11
11-25
25-50
50 - 100
100 - 175
>175
HC
g/hp-hr
45.59
39.21
29.52
20.89
19.77
19.15
18.65
CO
g/hp-hr
466.8
395.3
354.9
272.3
255.5
242.5
242.5
NOX
g/hp-hr
15.406
12.647
5.023
5.968
7.087
8.206
8.206
PM
g/hp-hr
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
Table 16. Direct-Injection Type A Outboard (SCC - 2282005010) Emission Factors and BSFCs
(M9 Tech Type)
NONROAD
Power Range
0-3hp
3-11
11 -25
25-50
50 - 100
100 - 175
>175
HC
g/hp-hr
57.60
49.53
37.30
28.35
32.08
40.28
38.05
CO
g/hp-hr
430.8
364.8
327.5
194.7
191.0
305.5
284.2
NOX
g/hp-hr
11.440
9.391
3.730
3.730
3.730
3.730
3.730
PM
g/hp-hr
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
7.7
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
Personal watercraft (PWC) emissions are characterized by three technical types: 2-stroke
(labeled M2), 4-stroke (M13), and 2-stroke with major modifications (M14). Type M2 has the
emission factors given above in Table 11. The emission factors for the M13 and M14 technical
types are given in Tables 17 and 18, respectively.
NR-OlOd.wpd
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Table 17. Personal Watercraft (SCC - 2282005015) 4-Stroke Emission Factors and BSFCs
(Ml3 Tech Type)
NONROAD
Power Range
0 - 50 hp
50 - 175
HC
g/hp-hr
11.56
12.73
CO
g/hp-hr
256.3
252.4
NOX
g/hp-hr
4.821
5.437
PM
g/hp-hr
0.06
0.06
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
0.7
0.7
Table 18. Personal Watercraft (SCC - 2282005015) 2-Stroke with Major Modifications Emission
Factors and BSFCs (M14 Tech Type)
NONROAD
Power Range
0 - 50 hp
50 - 175
HC
g/hp-hr
127.69
143.78
CO
g/hp-hr
269.6
258.6
NOX
g/hp-hr
1.268
0.837
PM
g/hp-hr
7.7
7.7
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
1.3
1.3
The sterndrive/inboard market has changed considerably over the past five or six years.
Electronic fuel injection is used on more than half of new engine sales. Based on industry
trends, we predict that most, if not all, inboard engines will be fuel injected by 2004. In
NONROAD, the technology type for engines using electronic fuel injection is designated as
M10. Table 19 presents the emission factors for the M10 technology type.
Table 19. Inboard (SCC - 2282010005) with Electronic Fuel Injection Emission Factors and
BSFCs (M10 Tech Type)
NONROAD
Power Range
all
HC
g/hp-hr
3.02
CO
g/hp-hr
71.8
NOX
g/hp-hr
8.480
PM
g/hp-hr
0.06
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
0.7
Accounting for In-Use Operation
Many nonroad engines operate under transient loads, but the engines are typically tested
with steady-state tests. For small SI engines (<25 hp), three studies have compared transient and
steady-state emissions in SI engines, but they have not found consistent results and, in most
cases, transient and steady-state have produced equivalent emission factors. [15,16,17] At
present, EPA believes there is not sufficient information to justify an in-use transient adjustment
factor (TAF) for small SI engines, so the NONROAD model will use emission factors based on
unadjusted steady-state test results. Similarly, TAFs are not applied to the zero hour, steady-
state emission factors for recreational equipment and SI marine engines.
NR-OlOd.wpd
14
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For large SI engines >25 hp, based on emission measurements from highway engines
comparable to uncontrolled large SI engines, transient emission levels are 30 percent higher for
HC and 45 percent higher for CO relative to steady-state measurements. [11, 18] The
NONROAD model therefore multiplies steady-state emission factors for SI engines >25 hp by a
TAP of 1.3 for HC and 1.45 for CO to estimate emission levels during normal, transient
operation. Test data do not support adjusting NOX emission levels for transient operation and so
a TAP of 1.0 is used for NOX emissions. Also, the model applies no TAFs for generators,
pumps, or compressors, since engines in these applications are less likely to experience transient
operation. A summary of the TAFs used for large SI engines >25 hp is provided in Table 20.
Table 20. Transient Adjustment Factors (TAFs) for Spark-Ignition Engines >25 hp
Tech Types
HC
g/hp-hr
CO
g/hp-hr
NOX
g/hp-hr
PM
g/hp-hr
BSFC
Ib/hp-hr
Pre-control TAFs
Gasoline
LPG
CNG
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.45
1.45
1.45
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Phase 1 Control TAFs
Gasoline
LPG
CNG
1.7
2.9
2.9
1.7
1.45
1.45
1.4
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
Phase 2 Control TAFs
Gasoline
LPG
CNG
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
TAFs are applied to gasoline 2-stroke (G2GT25), gasoline 4-stroke (G4GT25), LPG (LGT25), and CNG (NGT25)
engines. TAFs are not applied to generator sets, pumps, or air compressors, as these are less likely to experience
transient operation.
Technology Distributions
NONROAD accounts for changes in sales fractions and emissions from the advent of
emission standards or other changes by assigning technology groups to each Source
Classification Code (SCC). Each technology group has its own emission factors as described
above, and the fraction of the population assigned to each group can change over time. These
"technology fractions" by year are contained in an input file in NONROAD called tech.dat.
NR-OlOd.wpd
15
-------
The regulations previously discussed for small SI and SI recreational marine engines are
expected to influence the sales fraction of various technology types and the emission rates of
those technologies. These anticipated changes are described in the regulatory support documents
for the rulemakings. EPA simply formats this information for the NONROAD input files.
The technology fractions by SCC in tech.dat are provided in Appendix B.
Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors
Emission factors for CO2 are rarely measured; instead, they typically are calculated based
on brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC). The NONROAD model uses BSFC to compute
CO2 emissions directly, as shown in the equation below. The carbon that goes to exhaust HC
emissions is subtracted. This does not require a CO2 emission factors input file.
CO2 = (BSFC * 453.6* - HC) * 0.57 * (44/12)
where
CO2 is in g/hp-hr
BSFC is the fuel consumption in Ib/hp-hr
453.6 is the conversion factor from pounds to grams
HC is the in-use adjusted hydrocarbon emissions in g/hp-hr
0.87 is the carbon mass fraction ofdiesel
44/12 is the ratio ofCO2 mass to carbon mass
Sulfur Dioxide Emission Factors
Sulfur dioxide emissions are rarely measured. Instead, they typically are calculated from
fuel consumption and fuel sulfur content. We have retained this approach for the NONROAD
model. Sulfur dioxide emission factors for gasoline engines are calculated using the following
equation:
NR-OlOd.wpd 16
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SO2 = (BSFC * 453.6* (1 - soxcnv) - EC) * 0.01 * soxbas * 2
where
SO2 is in g/hp-hr
BSFC is the fuel consumption in Ib/hp-hr
453.6 is the conversion factor from pounds to grams
soxcnv is the fraction of fuel sulfur converted to direct PM (soxcnv = 0.03 for
gasoline engines)
HC is the in-use adjusted hydrocarbon emissions in g/hp-hr
0.01 is the conversion factor from weight percent to weight fraction
soxbas is the episodic weight percent of sulfur in the fuel (default value for
gasoline is 0.0339)
2 is the grams of SO 2 formed from a gram of sulfur
The calculation for CNG/LPG engines is similar, with an average default fuel sulfur
weight percent (soxbas) of 0.008 and the same sulfur conversion rate (soxcnv = 0.03).
The SO2 emission factors are calculated based on the default fuel sulfur contents listed
here. NONROAD users may use the model interface to adjust the fuel sulfur content without
changing the input files.
Note that this version of the model corrects errors in the equation to calculate SO2
emissions. In previous versions, the conversion from g/hp-hr to g/hr was missing the load factor
term. The net effect of making this correction was to lower SO2 by roughly 40-50 percent.
NR-OlOd.wpd 17
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References
[1] "Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study" (NEVES), U.S. EPA, Office of Air and
Radiation, 21A-2001, November, 1991.
[2] "Documentation of Input Factors for the New Off-Road Mobile Source Emissions Inventory
Model," ("Inputs...") Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. for California Air Resources
Board, February, 1997.
[3] "Documentation of the OMS Small Gasoline Engine Spreadsheet System, Final Technical
Memorandum," Dan Bowman, TRC Environmental Corporation, August 1995.
[4] "Emissions for New Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines At or Below 19 Kilowatts; Final
Rule," 60 FR 34581, July 3, 1995.
[5] "Phase 2: Emission Standards for New Nonroad Nonhandheld Spark Ignition Engines At or
Below 19 Kilowatts," Amendments to 40 CFR Part 90, March 1999.
[6] "Phase 2: Emission Standards for New Nonroad Spark-Ignition Handheld Engines At or
Below 19 Kilowatts and Minor Amendments to Emission Requirements Applicable to Small
Spark-Ignition Engines and Marine Spark-Ignition Engines; Final Rule," 65 FR 24268, April 25,
2000.
[7] "Final Rule for New Gasoline Spark-Ignition Marine Engines; Exemptions for New Nonroad
Compression-Ignition Engines at or Above 37 Kilowatts and New Nonroad Spark-Ignition
Engines at or Below 19 Kilowatts," 61 FR 52088, October 4, 1996.
[8] "Control of Emissions From Nonroad Large Spark-Ignition Engines and Recreational
Engines (Marine and Land-Based); Final Rule," 67 FR 68241, November 8, 2002.
[9] "Final Regulatory Impact Analysis, Phase 2: Emission Standards for New Nonroad
Nonhandheld Spark-Ignition Engines At or Below 19 Kilowatts," U.S. EPA, EPA420-R-99-003,
March 1999.
[10] "Final Regulatory Impact Analysis, Phase 2 Final Rule: Emission Standards for New
Nonroad Handheld Spark-Ignition Engines At or Below 19 Kilowatts," U.S. EPA, EPA420-R-
00-004, March 2000.
[11] "Final Regulatory Support Document: Control of Emissions from Unregulated Nonroad
Engines," U.S. EPA, EPA420-R-02-022, September 2002.
[12] "Emission Modeling for Recreational Vehicles," EPA Memorandum from Line Wehrly to
Docket A-98-01, EPA420-F-00-051, November 13, 2000.
NR-OlOd.wpd 18
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[13] "Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of Air Pollution Emission Standards for New
Spark-Ignition Marine Engines," U.S. EPA, October, 1996.
[14] "Revisions to the June 2000 Release of NONROAD to Reflect New Information and
Analysis on Marine and Industrial Engines," EPA Memorandum from Mike Samulski to Docket
A-98-01, Docket Item IV-8-1, November 2, 2000.
[15] "Emissions Analysis of Small Utility Engines." Sun, X., et al. SAE paper 952080. 1995.
[16] "Emissions from 4-Cycle Walk-Behind-Mower Engines: Test Cycle Effects." Gabele,
Peter. SAE Paper 972793. 1997
[17] "Transient versus steady-state test procedure evaluation of 4-cycle utility engines,"
Carpenter, T., Buszkiewicz, T., Trimble, T. EPA regulation negotiation test procedure task
group, November, 1994. EPA Air Docket A-93-29, Docket Item II-M-27 and "Final Report -
Handheld Subgroup of the Test Procedure Task Group", EPA Air Docket A-93-29, Docket Item
II-M-40.
[18] "Regulatory Analysis and Environmental Impact of Final Emission Regulations for 1984
and Later Model Year Heavy Duty Engines," p. 189, U.S. EPA, Docket A-2000-01, December
1979.
NR-OlOd.wpd 19
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Appendix A
Cross-Inventory Comparison of SI Emission Factors
Comparing emission factors between inventory models (NEVES, OFF-ROAD, EPA's
Small Engine Model) is not straightforward because the different models and inventories use
different units and different categories in distinguishing emission factors. To compare the
factors, all factors were converted to list emission factors in g/hp-hr by engine type, application
and horsepower. This conversion required mapping both the ARB horsepower groups and the
Small Engine Model's displacement classes to the horsepower groups used by the NONROAD
model (see Tables Al and A2). It was also necessary to combine the Small Engine Model's
overhead-valve and side-valve categories into a single category by using a sales-weighted
average, using the sales mix listed in Table A3.
Table Al. Mapping of small engine groupings used in
OFF-ROAD model to the small engine groupings used
the Small Engine Model and ARB's
in the NONROAD model
Small Engine Model
Class/Displacement
Non-Handheld, I
<225 cc
Non-Handheld, II
>225 cc
Handheld, III
0-20 cc
Handheld, IV
20-50 cc
Handheld, V
>50cc
ARB Power
Range
2-5 hp
5-15 hp
15-25hp
<2hp
<2hp
2-15 hp
NONROAD
Power Range
3-6 hp
6-16 hp
16-25 hp
0-1 hp
1-3 hp
3-6 hp
NONROAD
source classification
All engines except 2-stroke
trimmers/edgers/cutters, chainsaws,
leafblowers, and snowblowers
All engines except 2-stroke
trimmers/edgers/cutters, chainsaws,
leafblowers, and snowblowers
All engines
All engines
All 2-stroke trimmers/edgers/cutters,
chainsaws, leafblowers, and
snowblowers
NR-OlOd.wpd
Al
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Table A2. Mapping of large engine groupings used in ARB's OFF-ROAD model to the large
engine groupings used in the NONROAD model.
ARE hp range
5-15
15-25
25-50
50-120
120-175
175-250
250-500
500-750
750-9999
NONROAD hp Range
6-11 & 11-16
16-25
25-50
50-100
100-175
175-250
250-500
500-750
750-3000+
NR-OlOd.wpd
A2
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Table A3. Sales Mix for Small Engine Model, Pre-control [1]
Application
Lawn Mowers
Trimmers/
Edgers/ Cutters
Chain Saws
Leaf Blowers/
Vacuums
Generator Sets
Tillers
Snowblowers
Commercial
Turf Equipment
Rear Engine
Riding Mowers
Lawn & Garden
Tractors
Pumps
All Other
Equipment
Sales Mix
2-stroke handheld
Class 3
0.0501
0.0035
0.0528
Class 4
0.9173
0.6426
0.6299
0.0101
Class 5
0.0077
0.3539
0.2086
0
0.3205
2-stroke non-
handheld
Class 1
0.1
0.0017
0.0099
0.0974
Class 2
0.0024
4-stroke non-handheld,
overhead- and side- valve
Class 1
OHV
0.065
0.0016
0.0007
0.0057
0.04
0.0222
0.0375
Class 1
SV
0.835
0.0231
0.0721
0.2853
0.7938
0.3732
0.0647
0.0499
0.804
0.0049
0.4064
Class 2
OHV
0.0001
0.0551
0.0001
0.3658
0.1563
0.0013
0.1421
0.0081
Class 2
SV
0.0014
0.0002
0.0359
0.6522
0.196
0.3063
0.5196
0.7939
0.1725
0.8531
0.4482
[l]"Documentation of the OMS Small Gasoline Engine Spreadsheet System, Final Technical Memorandum" TRC Environmental
Corporation for U.S. EPA Air and Energy Research Laboratory. August 1995.
NR-OlOd.wpd
A3
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Appendix B
Technology Groups and Distributions by Year
NONROAD accounts for changes in sales fractions and emissions from the advent of
emission standards or other changes by assigning technology groups to each Source
Classification Code (SCC). (SCC descriptions are given in NR-006b.) Each technology group
has its own emission factor and the fraction of the population assigned to each group can change
over time. These "technology fractions" are contained in an input file in NONROAD called
tech.dat. A sample record for 4-stroke lawnmowers might show a shift in engine sales from
side-valve engines (Tech Group 1) to overhead valve engines (Tech Group 2) as illustrated in
Table Bl, which shows side-valve engines declining from 90% of sales in 1991 to 50% of sales
in 1997.
Table B1. Sample Technology Fractions
SCC/Year
2260004010
1990
1997
Horsepower
Range
3-6 hp
Tech
group/fraction
1
0.90
0.50
Tech
group/fraction
2
0.10
0.50
Each technology group has an associated emission factor given in the emission factor
input file for that pollutant. This emission factor can change with time. For example, CO
emissions from Technology Group 1 (side-valve engines) might decrease from 819 g/hp-hr for
model year engines 1990 through 1996 to 387 g/hp-hr for model years 1997 and later as shown
in Table B2. The year listed in the emission factor input file is the first year in which the new
emission factor applies.
Table B2. Sample Emission Factors
SCC/Year
2265004010
1990
2265004010
1997
Horsepower
Range
3-6 hp
3-6 hp
Technology
group/emissions
1
819
1
387
Units
g/hp-hr
g/hp-hr
Pollutant
CO
CO
NR-OlOd.wpd
Bl
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For pre-controlled engines, the only technology groups currently identified are those
used to combine SCCs for spark-ignition engines <25 hp as described in NR-006b. Technology
groups primarily will be used for engines subject to emissions regulations. The regulations
discussed in the main body of this report (for small SI engines <25 hp and SI recreational marine
engines) are expected to influence the sales fraction of various technology types and the
emission rates of those technologies. The technology types meeting the new standards (with
appropriately lower emission factors) then gain market share during the appropriate model years
which represent the start year of the regulations. These anticipated changes are described in
EPA's rulemakings. In draft NONROAD2004, EPA simply formats this information for the
NONROAD input files.
Table B3 provides a list and description of the SI technology groups used in draft
NONROAD2004. Tables B4-B17 contain the technology fractions in tech.dat.
If new emission factors are developed for other parts of the inventory (e.g., larger SI
engines) to reflect distinctions between different engine technologies with different emission
levels, then appropriate technology groups, technology fractions, and emission factors will be
added to the model. Similarly, appropriate emission factors will be added to the model if new
emission standards are implemented.
Table B3. Spark-Ignition Technologies in the Draft NONROAD2004 Model
Engine Tech
Type Code
G2GT25
G2H3
G2H31
G2H3C1
G2H32
G2H3C2
G2H4
G2H41
G2H4C1
G2H42
G2H4C2
SI Engine Category
Large SI > 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Description
Gasoline, 2-stroke, Baseline
Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class III (<20cc), Baseline
Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class III (<20cc), Phase 1
Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class III (<20cc), Phase 1 with
catalyst
Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class III (<20cc), Phase 2
Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class III (<20cc), Phase 2 with
catalyst
Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class IV (>20cc and <50cc), Baseline
Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class IV (>20cc and <50cc), Phase 1
Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class IV (>20cc and <50cc), Phase 1
with catalyst
Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class IV (>20cc and <50cc), Phase 2
Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class IV (>20cc and <50cc), Phase 2
with catalyst
NR-OlOd.wpd
B2
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Table B3. Spark-Ignition Technologies in the Draft NONROAD2004 Model
Engine Tech
Type Code
G2H5
G2H51
G2H5C1
G2H52
G2H5C2
G2N1
G2N11
G2N2
G4GT25
G4GT251
G4GT252
G4H41
G4H42
G4N1O
G4N1O1
G4N1O2
G4N1S
G4N1S1
G4N1SC1
G4N1S2
G4N2O
G4N2O1
SI Engine Category
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Large SI > 25hp
Large SI > 25hp
Large SI > 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Description
Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class V (>50cc), Baseline
Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class V (>50cc), Phase 1
Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class V (>50cc), Phase 1 with catalyst
Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class V (>50cc), Phase 2
Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class V (>50cc), Phase 2 with catalyst
Gasoline, 2-stroke, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), Baseline
Gasoline, 2-stroke, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), Phase 1
Gasoline, 2-stroke, nonhandheld Class II (>225cc), Baseline
Gasoline, 4-stroke, Baseline
Gasoline, 4-stroke, Phase 1
Gasoline, 4-stroke, Phase 2
Gasoline, 4-stroke, handheld Class IV (>20cc and <50cc), Phase 1
Gasoline, 4-stroke, handheld Class IV (>20cc and <50cc), Phase 2
Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valved, nonhandheld Class I
(<225cc), Baseline
Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valved, nonhandheld Class I
(<225cc), Phase 1
Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valved, nonhandheld Class I
(<225cc), Phase 2
Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valved, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc),
Baseline
Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valved, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc),
Phase 1
Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valved, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc),
Phase 1 with catalyst
Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valved, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc),
Phase 2
Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valved, nonhandheld Class II
(>225cc), Baseline
Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valved, nonhandheld Class II
(>225cc), Phase 1
NR-OlOd.wpd
B3
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Table B3. Spark-Ignition Technologies in the Draft NONROAD2004 Model
Engine Tech
Type Code
G4N2O2
G4N2S
G4N2S1
G4N2S2
LGT25
LGT251
LGT252
Ml
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M8
M9
M10
M13
M14
NGT25
NGT251
NGT252
R12S
R12S1
R12S2
SI Engine Category
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Small SI < 25hp
Large SI > 25hp
Large SI > 25hp
Large SI > 25hp
Recreational Marine
Recreational Marine
Recreational Marine
Recreational Marine
Recreational Marine
Recreational Marine
Recreational Marine
Recreational Marine
Recreational Marine
Recreational Marine
Recreational Marine
Large SI > 25hp
Large SI > 25hp
Large SI > 25hp
Recreational Equipment
Recreational Equipment
Recreational Equipment
Description
Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valved, nonhandheld Class II
(>225cc), Phase 2
Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valved, nonhandheld Class II (>225cc),
Baseline
Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valved, nonhandheld Class II (>225cc),
Phase 1
Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valved, nonhandheld Class II (>225cc),
Phase 2
Liquid Petroleum Gas, Baseline
Liquid Petroleum Gas, Phase 1
Liquid Petroleum Gas, Phase 2
Outboard, 2-stroke, Baseline
Personal Watercraft, 2-stroke, Baseline
Inboard, Baseline
Outboard, 4-stroke, Baseline
Outboard, 2-stroke, with carburetor and ignition modifications
Outboard, 2-stroke, with modifications and catalyst
Outboard, 2-stroke, with electronic fuel injection
Outboard, direct-injection
Inboard, with electronic fuel injection
Personal Watercraft, 4-stroke, Baseline
Personal Watercraft, 2-stroke, with major modifications
Compressed Natural Gas, Baseline
Compressed Natural Gas, Phase 1
Compressed Natural Gas, Phase 2
Offroad Motorcycles, All-Terrain Vehicles, and Snowmobiles, 2-
stroke, Baseline
Offroad Motorcycles, All-Terrain Vehicles, and Snowmobiles, 2-
stroke, Phase 1
Offroad Motorcycles, All-Terrain Vehicles, and Snowmobiles, 2-
stroke, Phase 2
NR-OlOd.wpd
B4
-------
Table B3. Spark-Ignition Technologies in the Draft NONROAD2004 Model
Engine Tech
Type Code
R14S
R14S
SI Engine Category
Recreational Equipment
Recreational Equipment
Description
Offroad Motorcycles,
stroke, Baseline
Offroad Motorcycles,
stroke, Phase 1
All-Terrain Vehicles, and Snowmobiles, 4-
All-Terrain Vehicles, and Snowmobiles, 4-
NR-OlOd.wpd
B5
-------
Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*
Year
1900
2004
2007
1900
2004
2007
1900
1996
1997
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1900
1996
1997
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1900
1996
1997
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
SCC
2260000000
2265000000
2260000000
2260000000
2260000000
HPMin
0
0
0
1
3
HP Max
9999
9999
1
3
6
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
G2GT25
1
0
0
G4GT25
1
0
0
G2H3
1
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H4
1
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H5
1
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4GT251
0
1
0
G4GT251
0
1
0
G2H31
0
0.495
0.99
0.7425
0.495
0.2475
0
0
G2H4C
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H5C
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4GT252
0
0
1
G4GT252
0
0
1
G2H3C1
0
0.005
0.01
0.0075
0.005
0.0025
0
0
G4H4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H51
0
0.495
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.7425
0.495
0.2475
G2H32
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H41
0
0.495
0.99
0.675
0.45
0.225
0
0
G2H5C1
0
0.005
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.0075
0.005
0.0025
G4H31
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H4C1
0
0.005
0.01
0.075
0.05
0.025
0
0
G2H52
0
0
0
0
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
G2H3C2
0
0
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1
G4H41
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H5C2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4H32
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H42
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H4C2
0
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.8
G4H42
0
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.2
NR-OlOd.wpd
B6
-------
Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*
Year
2007
2008
1900
1996
1997
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1900
1996
1997
2007
2008
1900
1996
1997
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1900
2006
2007
2008
2009
1900
2006
SCC
2260000000
2265000000
2265000000
2260001010
2265001010
HPMin
6
0
6
0
0
HP Max
25
6
25
9999
9999
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
0
0
G2N2
0.005
0.003
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2N1
0.18
0.09
0
0
0
G2N2
0.005
0.003
0
0
0
0
0
0
R12S
1
0.76
0.53
0.49
0.46
R14S
1
0.56
0
0
G4N2O
0.018
0.009
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O
0.069
0.035
0
0
0
G4N2O
0.018
0.009
0
0
0
0
0
0
R12SP
0
0
0
0
0
R14SP
0
0
0
0
G4N2S
0.977
0.488
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S
0.751
0.375
0
0
0
G4N2S
0.977
0.488
0
0
0
0
0
0
R14S1
0
0.24
0.47
0.51
0.54
R14S1
0
0.44
0
0
G4N2O1
0
0
0.017
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
G2N11
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2O1
0
0
0.017
0.008
0.006
0.004
0.002
0
R14S1P
0
0
0
0
0
R14S1P
0
0
1
1
G4N2S1
0
0.5
0.983
0.492
0.369
0.246
0.123
0
G4N1O1
0
0.083
0.167
0.097
0
G4N2S1
0
0.5
0.983
0.492
0.369
0.246
0.123
0
0
0
G4N2O2
0
0
0
0.5
0.625
0.75
0.875
1
G4N1S1
0
0.417
0.833
0.486
0
G4N2O2
0
0
0
0.5
0.625
0.75
0.875
1
G4N2S2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1SC1
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2S2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
L4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O2
0
0
0
0.417
1
L4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
N4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S2
0
0
0
0
N4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
L4N1
c
c
c
c
NR-OlOd.wpd
B7
-------
Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*
Year
2007
2008
2009
1900
2005
2006
2007
2010
2012
1900
2006
2010
1900
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2010
2010
1900
2006
2007
2009
2010
1900
1996
1997
2007
2008
SCC
2260001020
2265001020
2260001030
2265001030
2265004010
HPMin
0
0
0
0
0
HP Max
9999
9999
9999
9999
6
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
0.12
0.06
0
R12S
1
0.86
0.53
0.2
0.2
0.1
R14S
1
0
0
R12S
1
0.65
0.3
0.15
0
0
0
0
R14S
1
0.5
0
0
0
G2N1
0.05
0.025
0
0
0
0
0
0
R12S1
0
0
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.2
R14S1
0
1
0
R12SP
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R14SP
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O
0.07
0.035
0
0
0
0.88
0.94
1
R12S2
0
0.07
0.085
0.1
0.35
0.5
R14S2
0
0
1
R14S1
0
0.35
0.7
0.85
1
1
1
1
R14S1
0
0.5
1
1
1
G4N1S
0.88
0.44
0
0
0
0
0
0
R14S
0
0.07
0.085
0.1
0.15
0.2
R14S1P
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R14S1P
0
0
0
0
0
G2N11
0
0
0
0
0
R14S2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R14S2
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O1
0
0.052
0.1038
0.097
0
R14S2P
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R14S2P
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S1
0
0.448
0.8962
0.486
0
R14S2C
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R14S2C
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1SC1
0
0
0
0
0
R14S2CP
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R14S2CP
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O2
0
0
0
0.417
1
G4N1S2
0
0
0
0
L4N1
0
0
0
0
NR-OlOd.wpd
B8
-------
Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*
Year
1900
1996
1997
2007
2008
1900
1996
1997
2007
2008
1900
1996
1997
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1900
1996
1997
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1900
SCC
2265004011
2265004015
2260004020
2260004021
2260004025
HPMin
0
0
6
6
0
HP Max
6
6
9999
9999
1
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
G2N1
0.15
0.075
0
0
0
G2N1
0
0
0
0
0
G2H5
1
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H5
1
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H3
1
G4N1O
0.06
0.03
0
0
0
G4N1O
0
0
0
0
0
G2H5C
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H5C
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H31
0
G4N1S
0.79
0.395
0
0
0
G4N1S
1
0.5
0
0
0
G2H51
0
0.495
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.7425
0.495
0.2475
0
0
G2H51
0
0.495
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.7425
0.495
0.2475
0
0
G2H3C1
0
G2N11
0
0
0
0
0
G2N11
0
0
0
0
0
G2H5C1
0
0.005
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.0075
0.005
0.0025
0
0
G2H5C1
0
0.005
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.0075
0.005
0.0025
0
0
G2H32
0
G4N1O1
0
0.072
0.143
0.097
0
G4N1O1
0
0.005
0.01
0.097
0
G2H52
0
0
0
0
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1
G2H52
0
0
0
0
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1
G4H31
0
G4N1S1
0
0.429
0.857
0.486
0
G4N1S1
0
0.495
0.99
0.486
0
G2H5C2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H5C2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H3C2
0
G4N1SC1
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1SC1
0
0
0
0
0
G4H32
0
G4N1O2
0
0
0
0.417
1
G4N1O2
0
0
0
0.417
1
G4N1S2
0
0
0
0
G4N1S2
0
0
0
0
L4N1
C
c
C
c
L4N1
C
C
c
c
NR-OlOd.wpd
B9
-------
Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*
Year
1996
1997
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1900
1996
1997
1998
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1900
1996
1997
2007
2008
1900
1996
1997
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1900
1996
1997
SCC
2260004025
2265004025
2265004025
2260004026
HPMin
1
3
6
0
HP Max
3
6
25
1
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H4
1
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2N1
0
0
0
0
0
G2N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H3
1
0.5
0
0.495
0.99
0.7425
0.495
0.2475
0
0
G2H4C
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O
0.063
0.032
0
0
0
G4N2O
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H31
0
0.495
0.99
0.005
0.01
0.0075
0.005
0.0025
0
0
G4H4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S
0.936
0.468
0
0
0
G4N2S
1
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H3C1
0
0.005
0.01
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H41
0
0.49
0.98
0.97208081
0.675
0.45
0.225
0
0
G2N11
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2O1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H32
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H4C1
0
0.005
0.01
0.00991919
0.075
0.05
0.025
0
0
G4N1O1
0
0.037
0.073
0.097
0
G4N2S1
0
0.5
1
0.5
0.375
0.25
0.125
0
G4H31
0
0
0
0
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1
G4H41
0
0.005
0.01
0.018
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S1
0
0.463
0.927
0.486
0
G4N2O2
0
0
0
0.5
0.625
0.75
0.875
1
G2H3C2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H42
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1SC1
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2S2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4H32
0
0
0
G2H4C2
0
0
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.8
G4N1O2
0
0
0
0.417
1
L4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4H42
0
0
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.2
G4N1S2
0
0
0
0
N4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
L4N1
c
c
c
c
NR-OlOd.wpd
BIO
-------
Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*
Year
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1900
1996
1997
1998
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1900
1996
1997
2007
2008
1900
1996
1997
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1900
1996
1997
2007
2008
SCC
2260004026
2265004026
2265004026
2265004030
HPMin
1
3
6
0
HP Max
3
6
25
6
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
0
0
0
0
0
G2H4
1
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2N1
0
0
0
0
0
G2N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2N1
0
0
0
0
0
0.7425
0.495
0.2475
0
0
G2H4C
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O
0.063
0.032
0
0
0
G4N2O
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O
0.01
0.005
0
0
0
0.0075
0.005
0.0025
0
0
G4H4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S
0.936
0.468
0
0
0
G4N2S
1
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S
0.99
0.495
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H41
0
0.49
0.98
0.97208081
0.675
0.45
0.225
0
0
G2N11
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2O1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2N11
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H4C1
0
0.005
0.01
0.00991919
0.075
0.05
0.025
0
0
G4N1O1
0
0.037
0.073
0.097
0
G4N2S1
0
0.5
1
0.5
0.375
0.25
0.125
0
G4N1O1
0
0.01
0.019
0.097
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1
G4H41
0
0.005
0.01
0.018
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S1
0
0.463
0.927
0.486
0
G4N2O2
0
0
0
0.5
0.625
0.75
0.875
1
G4N1S1
0
0.49
0.981
0.486
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H42
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1SC1
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2S2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1SC1
0
0
0
0
0
G2H4C2
0
0
0
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.8
G4N1O2
0
0
0
0.417
1
L4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O2
0
0
0
0.417
1
G4H42
0
0
0
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.2
G4N1S2
0
0
0
0
N4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S2
0
0
0
0
L4N1
C
c
C
c
L4N1
C
C
c
c
NR-OlOd.wpd
Bll
-------
Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*
Year
1900
1996
1997
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1900
1996
1997
2007
2008
1900
1996
1997
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1900
1900
1900
1900
1900
1900
SCC
2265004030
2265004031
2265004031
2260004035
2260004035
2260004036
2260004036
2265004035
2265004035
HPMin
6
0
6
0
6
0
6
0
6
HP Max
25
6
25
6
25
6
25
6
25
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
G2N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2N1
0
0
0
0
0
G2N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2N1
1
G2N2
1
G2N1
1
G2N2
1
G4N1O
0.8
G4N2O
0.8
G4N2O
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O
0.01
0.005
0
0
0
G4N2O
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S
0.2
G4N2S
0.2
G4N2S
1
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S
0.99
0.495
0
0
0
G4N2S
1
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2O1
0
0
0.002
0.001
0
0
0
0
G2N11
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2O1
0
0
0.002
0.001
0
0
0
0
G4N2S1
0
0.5
0.998
0.499
0.375
0.25
0.125
0
G4N1O1
0
0.01
0.019
0.097
0
G4N2S1
0
0.5
0.998
0.499
0.375
0.25
0.125
0
G4N2O2
0
0
0
0.5
0.625
0.75
0.875
1
G4N1S1
0
0.49
0.981
0.486
0
G4N2O2
0
0
0
0.5
0.625
0.75
0.875
1
G4N2S2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1SC1
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2S2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
L4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O2
0
0
0
0.417
1
L4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
N4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S2
0
0
0
0
N4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
L4N1
c
c
c
c
NR-OlOd.wpd
B12
-------
Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*
Year
1900
1900
1900
1996
1997
2007
2008
1900
1996
1997
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1900
1996
1997
2007
2008
1900
1996
1997
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1900
SCC
2265004036
2265004036
2265004040
2265004040
2265004041
2265004041
2265004055
HPMin
0
6
0
6
0
6
0
HP Max
6
25
6
25
6
25
6
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
G4N1O
0.8
G4N2O
0.8
G2N1
0
0
0
0
0
G2N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2N1
0
0
0
0
0
G2N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2N1
0
G4N1S
0.2
G4N2S
0.2
G4N1O
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2O
0.164
0.082
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2O
0.164
0.082
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O
0.027
G4N1S
1
0.5
0
0
0
G4N2S
0.836
0.418
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S
1
0.5
0
0
0
G4N2S
0.836
0.418
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S
0.973
G2N11
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2O1
0
0.082
0.164
0.082
0.062
0.041
0.02
0
G2N11
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2O1
0
0.082
0.164
0.082
0.062
0.041
0.02
0
G2N11
0
G4N1O1
0
0.005
0.01
0.097
0
G4N2S1
0
0.418
0.836
0.418
0.313
0.209
0.105
0
G4N1O1
0
0.005
0.01
0.097
0
G4N2S1
0
0.418
0.836
0.418
0.313
0.209
0.105
0
G4N1O1
0
G4N1S1
0
0.495
0.99
0.486
0
G4N2O2
0
0
0
0.5
0.625
0.75
0.875
1
G4N1S1
0
0.495
0.99
0.486
0
G4N2O2
0
0
0
0.5
0.625
0.75
0.875
1
G4N1S1
0
G4N1SC1
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2S2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1SC1
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2S2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1SC1
0
G4N1O2
0
0
0
0.417
1
L4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O2
0
0
0
0.417
1
L4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O2
0
G4N1S2
0
0
0
0
N4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S2
0
0
0
0
N4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S2
0
L4N1
C
C
C
C
L4N1
C
C
C
C
L4N1
C
NR-OlOd.wpd
B13
-------
Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*
Year
1996
1997
2007
2008
1900
1996
1997
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1900
1996
1997
2007
2008
1900
1996
1997
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1900
1996
1997
2007
2008
1900
SCC
2265004055
2265004056
2265004056
2265004071
2265004071
HPMin
6
0
6
0
6
HP Max
25
6
25
6
25
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
0
0
0
0
G2N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2N1
0
0
0
0
0
G2N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2N1
0.086
0.043
0
0
0
G2N2
0
0.013
0
0
0
G4N2O
0.007
0.003
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O
0.027
0.013
0
0
0
G4N2O
0.007
0.003
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O
0.349
0.175
0
0
0
G4N2O
0.413
0.487
0
0
0
G4N2S
0.993
0.497
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S
0.973
0.487
0
0
0
G4N2S
0.993
0.497
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S
0.565
0.282
0
0
0
G4N2S
0.587
0
0
0
0
G4N2O1
0
0.003
0.007
0.003
0.002
0.001
0
0
G2N11
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2O1
0
0.003
0.007
0.003
0.002
0.001
0
0
G2N11
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2O1
0
0.018
0.037
0.097
0
G4N2S1
0
0.497
0.993
0.497
0.373
0.249
0.125
0
G4N1O1
0
0.018
0.037
0.097
0
G4N2S1
0
0.497
0.993
0.497
0.373
0.249
0.125
0
G4N1O1
0
0.199
0.398
0.097
0
G4N2S1
0
0.481
0.963
0.486
0
G4N2O2
0
0
0
0.5
0.625
0.75
0.875
1
G4N1S1
0
0.481
0.963
0.486
0
G4N2O2
0
0
0
0.5
0.625
0.75
0.875
1
G4N1S1
0
0.301
0.602
0.486
0
G4N2O2
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2S2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1SC1
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2S2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1SC1
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2S2
0
0
0
0.417
1
L4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O2
0
0
0
0.417
1
L4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O2
0
0
0
0.417
1
L4N2
0
0
0
0
N4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S2
0
0
0
0
N4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S2
0
0
0
0
N4N2
0
c
c
c
L4N1
C
C
c
c
L4N1
C
C
c
c
NR-OlOd.wpd
B14
-------
Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*
Year
1996
1997
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1900
1996
1997
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1900
1996
1997
2007
2008
1900
1996
1997
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1900
1996
1997
2007
SCC
2265005040
2265006005
2265006005
2265006010
HPMin
6
0
6
0
HP Max
25
6
25
6
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2N1
0.006
0.003
0
0
0
G2N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2N1
0
0
0
0
0.207
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2O
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O
0.02
0.01
0
0
0
G4N2O
0.078
0.039
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O
0
0
0
0
0.293
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2S
1
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S
0.974
0.487
0
0
0
G4N2S
0.922
0.461
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S
1
0.5
0
0
0
0.413
0.206
0.155
0.104
0.052
0
G4N2O1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2N11
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2O1
0
0.039
0.078
0.039
0.03
0.02
0.01
0
G2N11
0
0
0
0
0.5
0.587
0.294
0.22
0.146
0.073
0
G4N2S1
0
0.5
1
0.5
0.375
0.25
0.125
0
G4N1O1
0
0.016
0.032
0.097
0
G4N2S1
0
0.461
0.922
0.461
0.345
0.23
0.115
0
G4N1O1
0
0.005
0.01
0.097
0
0
0.5
0.625
0.75
0.875
1
G4N2O2
0
0
0
0.5
0.625
0.75
0.875
1
G4N1S1
0
0.484
0.968
0.486
0
G4N2O2
0
0
0
0.5
0.625
0.75
0.875
1
G4N1S1
0
0.495
0.99
0.486
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2S2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1SC1
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2S2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1SC1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
L4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O2
0
0
0
0.417
1
L4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O2
0
0
0
0.417
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
N4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S2
0
0
0
0
N4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S2
0
0
0
0
N4N1
C
c
C
c
N4N1
C
C
c
c
NR-OlOd.wpd
B15
-------
Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*
Year
2008
1900
1996
1997
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
1900
1996
1997
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1900
1996
1997
2007
2008
1900
2004
2007
1900
2004
2007
SCC
2265006010
2260007005
2265010010
2267000000
2268000000
HPMin
6
6
0
25
25
HP Max
25
9999
6
9999
9999
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
0
G2N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H5
1
0.5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2N1
0.18
0.09
0
0
0
LGT25
1
0
0
NGT25
1
0
0
0
G4N2O
0.143
0.072
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H5C
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O
0.069
0.035
0
0
0
LGT251
0
1
0
NGT251
0
1
0
0
G4N2S
0.857
0.428
0
0
0
0
0
0
G2H51
0
0.495
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.7425
0.495
0.2475
0
0
G4N1S
0.751
0.375
0
0
0
LGT252
0
0
1
NGT252
0
0
1
0
G4N2O1
0
0.072
0.143
0.071
0.053
0.035
0.017
0
G2H5C1
0
0.005
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.0075
0.005
0.0025
0
0
G2N11
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2S1
0
0.428
0.857
0.429
0.322
0.215
0.108
0
G2H52
0
0
0
0
0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1
G4N1O1
0
0.083
0.167
0.097
0
0
G4N2O2
0
0
0
0.5
0.625
0.75
0.875
1
G2H5C2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S1
0
0.417
0.833
0.486
0
0
G4N2S2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1SC1
0
0
0
0
0
1
L4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O2
0
0
0
0.417
1
N4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S2
0
0
0
0
N4N1
C
c
C
c
NR-OlOd.wpd
B16
-------
Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*
Year
1900
1900
1997
2000
2003
2005
1900
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
1900
1998
2001
2002
2003
2005
1900
1999
2000
1900
1997
1998
1999
2003
2004
1900
SCC
2282005010
2282005010
2282005010
2282005010
2282005010
2282005010
2282005010
HPMin
0
3
11
25
50
100
175
HP Max
3
11
25
50
100
175
9999
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type
Ml
0.9
Ml
0.957
0.87
0.537
0.276
0.26
Ml
0.989
0.962
0.78
0.64
0.633
0.091
Ml
1
0.972
0.683
0.105
0.098
0.085
Ml
1
0.95
0.917
Ml
1
0.988
0.954
0.575
0.302
0
Ml
1
M4
0.1
M4
0.043
0.13
0.463
0.724
0.724
M4
0.011
0.038
0.216
0.349
0.356
0.62
M4
0
0.028
0.049
0.049
0.049
0.063
M4
0
0.05
0.05
M4
0
0
0
0
0
0
M4
0
M5
0
M5
0
0
0
0
0.016
M5
0
0
0.004
0.011
0.011
0.011
M5
0
0
0
0
0.007
0.007
M5
0
0
0.033
M5
0
0
0.034
0.034
0.035
0.035
M5
0
M6
0
M6
0
0
0
0
0
M6
0
0
0
0
0
0
M6
0
0
0
0
0
0
M6
0
0
0
M6
0
0
0
0
0.267
0.267
M6
0
M7
0
M7
0
0
0
0
0
M7
0
0
0
0
0
0
M7
0
0
0
0
0
0
M7
0
0
0
M7
0
0
0
0
0
0
M7
0
M8
0
M8
0
0
0
0
0
M8
0
0
0
0
0
0
M8
0
0
0.268
0.268
0.268
0.268
M8
0
0
0
M8
0
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.012
0.314
M8
0
M9
0
M9
0
0
0
0
0
M9
0
0
0
0
0
0.277
M9
0
0
0
0.578
0.578
0.578
M9
0
0
0
M9
0
0
0
0.379
0.384
0.384
M9
0
NR-OlOd.wpd
B17
-------
Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*
Year
1997
1998
2004
1900
2005
1900
1999
2002
2003
2004
2005
1900
1999
2000
2001
2002
2004
1900
2007
1900
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2007
1900
SCC
2282005015
2282005015
2282005015
2282010005
2282010005
2282010005
HPMin
0
25
50
0
50
175
HP Max
25
50
9999
50
175
300
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Tvoe
0.967
0.234
0
M2
0.218
0.075
M2
1
0.68
0.68
0.496
0.496
0.075
M2
1
0.177
0.177
0.177
0.177
0.039
M3
1
0
M3
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0
M3
1
0
0
0
M13
0.782
0.925
M13
0
0
0.136
0.32
0.504
0.925
M13
0
0.092
0.259
0.533
0.823
0.961
M10
0
0
M10
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0
M10
0
0
0
0
M14
0
0
M14
0
0.32
0.184
0.184
0
0
M14
0
0.731
0.564
0.29
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0.033
0.033
0.29
0
0.733
0.71
NR-OlOd.wpd
B18
-------
Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*
Year
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2007
1900
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2007
1900
1996
1997
2007
2008
1900
1996
1997
2001
2002
2003
SCC
2282010005
2285004015
2285004015
HPMin
300
0
6
HP Max
999
6
25
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Tvoe
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
M3
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
G2N1
0.18
0.09
0
0
0
G2N2
0.005
0.003
0
0
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
0
M10
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0
G4N1O
0.069
0.035
0
0
0
G4N2O
0.018
0.009
0
0
0
0
G4N1S
0.751
0.375
0
0
0
G4N2S
0.977
0.488
0
0
0
0
G2N11
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2O1
0
0
0.017
0.008
0.006
0.004
G4N1O1
0
0.083
0.167
0.097
0
G4N2S1
0
0.5
0.983
0.492
0.369
0.246
G4N1S1
0
0.417
0.833
0.486
0
G4N2O2
0
0
0
0.5
0.625
0.75
G4N1SC1
0
0
0
0
0
G4N2S2
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1O2
0
0
0
0.417
1
L4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
G4N1S2
0
0
0
0
N4N2
0
0
0
0
0
0
L4N1
c
c
c
c
NR-OlOd.wpd
B19
-------
Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category*
Year
2004
2005
1900
2004
2007
1900
2004
2007
1900
2004
2007
SCC
2285004015
2285006015
2285008015
HPMin
25
25
25
HP Max
9999
9999
9999
Fraction of Population in Each Technology Tvoe
0
0
G4GT25
1
0
0
LGT25
1
0
0
NGT25
1
0
0
0
0
G4GT251
0
1
0
LGT251
0
1
0
NGT251
0
1
0
0
0
G4GT252
0
0
1
LGT252
0
0
1
NGT252
0
0
1
0.002
0
0.123
0
0.875
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
* Taken from tech.dat input file.
NR-OlOd.wpd
B20
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