£EPA Air and Radiation EPA420-P-04-010 April 2004 NR-010d United States Environmental Protection Agency Exhaust Emission Factors for Nonroad Engine Modeling- Spark-Ignition ------- EPA420-P-04-010 Revised April 2004 Exhaust Emission Factors for Nonroad Engine Modeling-Spark-lgnition NR-010d Assessment and Standards Division Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency NOTICE This technical report does not necessarily represent final EPA decisions or positions. It is intended to present technical analysis of issues using data that are currently available. The purpose in the release of such reports is to facilitate the exchange of technical information and to inform the public of technical developments which may form the basis for a final EPA decision, position, or regulatory action. ------- Exhaust Emission Factors for Nonroad Engine Modeling-- Spark Ignition Report No. NR-OlOd revised April 2004 Assessment and Standards Division EPA, Office of Transportation and Air Quality Purpose This report describes and documents exhaust emission factors and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) estimates used for spark ignition (SI) engines in EPA's draft NONROAD2004 emission inventory model. It covers engines powered by gasoline, natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas. Additional EPA reports describe other issues relating to emission factors including NONROAD emission factors for evaporative emissions, crankcase emissions, spillage and other non-exhaust emissions (NR-012b), adjustments to emission rates due to variations in fuel and temperature (NR-OOlb), speciation of hydrocarbon emissions (NR-002b), and adjustments to emission rates as equipment deteriorates due to time and use (NR-01 Ib). Emission factors for compression ignition (diesel) engines are covered in a separate report (NR-009c). Introduction The U.S. EPA's NONROAD model computes county-level emission inventories for nonroad engines. These calculations rely on emission factors — estimates of the amount of pollution emitted by a particular type of equipment during a unit of use. Typically emission factors for nonroad sources are reported in grams per horsepower-hour (g/hp-hr), but they also may be reported in grams per mile (g/mile), grams per hour, grams per gallon, etc. The SI exhaust emission factors in the NONROAD model are reported in g/hp-hr, with the exception of nonroad motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles, which are reported in g/mile. The SI BSFCs are reported in Ib/hp-hr, with the exception of nonroad motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles, which are reported in Ib/mile. The pollutants covered by this report include exhaust total hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOX), total particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO2), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). For nonroad engines, all PM emissions are assumed to be smaller than 10 microns (PM10), and 92% of the PM from gasoline and diesel fueled engines is assumed to be smaller than 2.5 microns (PM2.5). For gaseous fueled engines (LPG/CNG), 100% of the PM NR-01 Od.wpd 1 ------- emissions are assumed to be smaller than PM2.5. The NONROAD Reporting Utility allows the user to select the desired size range. Zero-mile, steady-state emission factors for HC, CO, NOX, PM, and steady-state BSFCs are discussed first, followed by adjustments (where applicable) to account for transient operation. Technology distributions by model year, to account for changes in emission factors over time, are then discussed. Derivation of CO2 and SO2 emission factors follows. As explained in NR-006c, spark-ignition engine equipment population under 25 horsepower will be combined into one source classification code (SCC) per application to handle expected shifts in market share between 2 and 4-stroke gasoline, LPG, and CNG engines. In the model, the distinction between two- and four-stroke spark-ignition engine emission factors will be maintained using the technology groups described in this report. In this current document, the SCC distinction between 2 and 4-stroke gasoline, LPG, and CNG engines is maintained, however, in the model, we will distinguish emission factors between them by using the technology group methodology. Background Prior to the NONROAD model, there have been three major efforts to estimate nonroad spark ignition emission inventories. We have reviewed these efforts in our work to select emission factors for the draft version of NONROAD. The three inventories/models are: • EPA's Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study ("NEVES").[1] Published in November, 1991, this study was mandated by Congress to determine whether nonroad sources made a significant contribution to urban air pollution. The study covers emissions from all nonroad engines and includes hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOX), total particulates (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2) and other pollutants. It provides inventories for 19 ozone and 16 CO nonattainment areas. • California Air Resources Board's nonroad model ("OFF-ROAD") [2], designed to estimate nonroad emissions for the state of California only. A draft version of this model was released August 1, 1997. The model covers HC, CO, NOX, PM, sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon dioxide (CO2) for all nonroad engines. ARE periodically revises components of the OFF-ROAD model. • EPA's "Small Engine Model"~designed as an internal tool for evaluating various control scenarios, EPA has used this model to estimate the effect of regulations on small spark-ignition (SI) engines under 19 kW (25 hp). This model has evolved over time, but the pre-control exhaust emission factors have not changed since the model was documented in 1995. [3] The model computes national-level inventories of nonroad HC, CO, and NOX. NR-OlOd.wpd ------- The emission factors used in these prior efforts have been based on a very small number of engine studies, particularly when compared to the large body of data available for highway vehicles. Emission Factor Categories NEVES defines emission factors by the equipment use (i.e., by "application") but does not assign different emission factors to engines of different sizes within the same application. On the other hand, OFF-ROAD and the Small Engine Model define emission factors by engine size (by horsepower in OFF-ROAD and by displacement in the Small Engine Model), but do not assign different emission factors to engines used in different applications that are of the same size. Given the structure of emission control regulations and the design similarities between engines of the same horsepower used in various applications, we define emission factors primarily by power level in draft NONROAD2004. Appendix A provides a comparison of the power categories in OFF-ROAD, the Small Engine Model, and NONROAD. The NONROAD model allows for the use of application-specific emission factors if there is sufficient information to justify their use. We use application-based emission factor categories only to distinguish recreational marine engines and selected recreational vehicles. Emission Standards In addition to estimating emissions from pre-controlled engines, the NONROAD model is designed to account for the effect of federal emissions standards. The model does not cover California emission standards and federal standards that are not yet final. Thus, NONROAD will include emission factors under the following final regulations that cover SI engines at or below 19 kilowatts (25 hp) and SI marine engines: • Emissions for New Nonroad Spark Ignition Engines at or below 19 Kilowatts. ("Small Engine Rule, Phase 1") [4] • Phase 2: Emission Standards for New Nonroad Nonhandheld Spark-Ignition Engines At or Below 19 Kilowatts. ("Small Engine Nonhandheld Rule, Phase 2") [5] • Phase 2: Emission Standards for New Nonroad Spark-Ignition Handheld Engines At or Below 19 Kilowatts and Minor Amendments to Emission Requirements Applicable to Small Spark-Ignition Engines and Marine Spark-Ignition Engines. ("Small Engine Handheld Rule, Phase 2") [6] • Final Rule for New Gasoline Spark-Ignition Marine Engines; Exemptions for New Nonroad Compression-Ignition engines at or Above 37 Kilowatts and New Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines at or Below 19 Kilowatts ("Marine Rule") [7] • Control of Emissions From Nonroad Large Spark-Ignition Engines and Recreational Engines (Marine and Land-Based); Final Rule [8] NR-OlOd.wpd 3 ------- Zero-Hour. Steady-State Emission Factors for HC. CO. NO^. PM. and Steady-State BSFCs This section describes the zero-hour, steady-state emission factors and steady-state BSFCs that are used in draft NONROAD2004. Pre-controlled (baseline) and controlled (where applicable) emission factors are described for each of the following regulatory equipment categories: small SI engines <25 hp, large SI engines >25 hp, land-based recreational engines, and recreational marine engines. Spark-Ignition (SI) Engines <25 hp This category includes all engines <25 hp except those used for recreational applications (such as motorcycles or snowmobiles), for marine propulsion, or for toy boats and airplanes. The engines in this category are used primarily in lawn and garden equipment. For this category, engines are segregated by the class of the engine (I - V). Each class is determined by the use of the engine, i.e., handheld or nonhandheld, and engine displacement. Classes I and II refer to nonhandheld small SI engines; classes III, IV, and V refer to handheld small SI engines. The classes have the following displacements: Class I (< 225cc); Class II (> 225cc); Class III (< 20cc); Class IV (> 20cc and < 50cc); Class V (> 50cc). Each class in turn is subject to two phases of regulation (Phase 1 and Phase 2). Under the Phase 1 regulations, new engines have had to meet emission standards for HC, CO, and NOX since 1997. For nonhandheld applications (such as lawn and garden tractors and lawnmowers), more stringent Phase 2 standards phase in between 2001 and 2007. For handheld applications (such as leaf blowers and chainsaws), more stringent Phase 2 standards phase in between 2002 and 2007. The test procedure used for these regulations is the Small SI Engine Federal Steady- State Test Procedure. Tables 1-5 contain the baseline and Phase 1 and 2 controlled emission factors for these five classes of engines. There are no LPG or CNG engines less than 25 hp in draft NONROAD2004; therefore, the emission factors in these tables are used for gasoline engines in the model. In order to account for the effect of the rulemaking and the phase-in of the new standards, engines meeting the new standards were defined by the technology types in Tables 1-5. (A complete list and description of SI technology types used in draft NONROAD2004 is provided in Appendix B, Table B3.) Handheld engines (Classes III-V) are not expected to include any 4- stroke engines (but emission factors are supplied for users) but are expected to include a small fraction of catalyst equipped engines. Nonhandheld engines include both 2 and 4-stroke engines, but manufacturers are expected to build only 4-stroke engines with the advent of the new regulations. Nonhandheld 4-stroke engine production is split between two technical types, side- valve and overhead valve systems, which have been shown to exhibit significantly different emission characteristics. NR-OlOd.wpd 4 ------- In general, for baseline emissions, NONROAD uses emission factors based on those in the Small Engine Model. [3] Also, the PM emission factors for the entire category (both baseline and controlled) are based on values in NEVES. [1] For nonhandheld (class I and II) engines, NONROAD uses the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), HC, CO, and NOX emission factors for Phase 1 and 2 that are contained in the final regulatory impact analysis. [9] (The baseline emission factors are also contained in this reference.) The Phase 1 emission factors were based on values obtained from the EPA 1998 Phase 1 Certification database. For Phase 2, the emission factors were back-calculated using 1) the Phase 2 standards, and 2) a multiplicative deterioration factor for each pollutant. The deterioration factors are described in more detail in NR-01 la. For handheld (class III, IV, and V) engines, NONROAD also uses the BSFC, HC, CO, and NOX emission factors for Phase 1 and 2 that are contained in the final regulatory impact analysis. [10] (The baseline emission factors are also contained in this reference.) For Phase 1, the emission factors were back-calculated using 1) the Phase 1 standards, and 2) a multiplicative deterioration factor for each pollutant. For Phase 2, the emission factors were determined using the same methodology. As mentioned above, the deterioration factors are described in more detail in NR-01 la. Table 1 . Emissions and BSFCs for Class III Handheld Small SI Engines (< 20cc)* Engine Tech Type G2H3 (gas 2-stroke handheld Class III, baseline) G2H31 (Phase 1) G2H3C1 (Phase 1 with catalyst) G2H32 (Phase 2) G2H3C2 (Phase 2 with catalysts) HC g/hp-hr 261.00 219.99 219.99 33.07 26.87 CO g/hp-hr 718.87 480.31 480.31 283.37 141.69 NOX g/hp-hr 0.97 0.78 0.78 0.91 1.49 PM g/hp-hr 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 BSFC Ib/hp-hr 1.365 1.184 1.184 0.822 0.822 * Assigned NONROAD hp range: 0-1 hp Table 2. Emissions and BSFCs for Class IV Handheld Small SI Engines (>20cc and <50cc)* Engine Tech Type G2H4 (gas 2-stroke handheld Class IV, baseline) G2H41 (Phase 1) G2H4C1 (Phase 1 with catalyst) G4H41 (Phase 1 4-stroke) HC g/hp-hr 261.00 179.72 179.72 22.37 CO g/hp-hr 718.87 407.38 407.38 533.42 NOX g/hp-hr 0.94 0.51 0.51 1.79 PM g/hp-hr 7.7 7.7 7.7 0.06 BSFC Ib/hp-hr 1.365 1.184 1.184 0.847 NR-01 Od.wpd ------- G2H42 (Phase 2) G2H4C2 (Phase 2 with catalysts) G4H42 (Phase 2 4-stroke) 33.07 26.87 25.83 283.37 141.69 432.51 0.91 1.49 1.13 7.7 7.7 0.06 0.822 0.822 0.847 * Assigned NONROAD hp range: 1-3 hp Table 3. Emissions and BSFCs for Class V Handheld Small SI Engines (>50cc)* Engine Tech Type G2H5 (gas 2-stroke handheld Class V, baseline) G2H51 (Phase 1) G2H5C1 (Phase 1 with catalyst) G2H52 (Phase 2) G2H5C2 (Phase 2 with catalysts) HC g/hp-hr 159.58 120.06 120.06 47.98 40.15 CO g/hp-hr 519.02 351.02 351.02 283.37 141.69 NOX g/hp-hr 0.97 1.82 1.82 0.91 1.49 PM g/hp-hr 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 BSFC Ib/hp-hr 0.921 0.870 0.870 0.608 0.608 : Assigned NONROAD hp range: 3-6 hp NR-OlOd.wpd ------- Table 4. Emissions and BSFCs for Class I Nonhandheld Small SI Engines (< 225cc)* Engine Tech Type G2N1 (gas 2-stroke nonhandheld Class I, baseline) G4N1S (gas, side-valved, 4-stroke nonhandheld Class I, baseline) G4N1O (gas, overhead-valved, 4-stroke nonhandheld Class I, baseline) G2N11 (2-stroke, Phase 1) G4N1S1 (Phase 1 side-valved, 4-stroke) G4N1O1 (Phase 1 overhead valved 4-stroke) G4N1SC1 (Phase 1 side-valved, 4-stroke with catalyst) G4N1S2 (Phase 2 side-valved) G4N1O2 (Phase 2 overhead valved) HC g/hp-hr 207.92 38.99 13.39 120.06 8.40 8.40 8.40 7.93 6.13 CO g/hp-hr 485.81 430.84 408.84 449.66 353.69 351.16 353.69 353.69 351.16 NOX g/hp-hr 0.29 2.00 1.80 4.00 3.60 3.24 3.60 2.37 1.83 PM g/hp-hr 7.7 0.06 0.06 7.7 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 BSFC Ib/hp-hr 0.870 1.365 0.991 0.870 0.921 0.781 0.921 0.921 0.781 * Assigned NONROAD hp range: 3-6 hp Table 5. Emissions and BSFCs for Class II Nonhandheld Small SI Engines (> 225CC)" Engine Tech Type G2N2 (gas 2-stroke nonhandheld Class II, baseline) G4N2S (gas, side-valved, 4-stroke nonhandheld Class II, baseline) G4N2O (gas, overhead-valved, 4-stroke nonhandheld Class II, baseline) G4N2S1 (Phase 1 side-valved, 4-stroke) G4N2O1 (Phase 1 overhead valved 4-stroke) G4N2S2 (Phase 2 side-valved) G4N2O2 (Phase 2 overhead valved) HC g/hp-hr 207.92 9.66 5.20 5.50 5.20 5.50 4.16 CO g/hp-hr 485.81 430.84 408.84 387.02 352.57 387.02 352.57 NOX g/hp-hr 0.29 2.06 3.50 4.50 3.50 4.50 2.77 PM g/hp-hr 7.7 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 BSFC Ib/hp-hr 0.870 0.937 0.937 0.868 0.740 0.868 0.740 * Assigned NONROAD hp range: 6-25 hp Spark-Ignition Engines > 25 hp Nonroad SI engines above 25 hp are generally found in industrial equipment and are used in a wide variety of applications, including forklifts, airport ground-service equipment, terminal tractors, generators, compressors, welders, aerial lifts, and ice grooming machines. These engines may operate on gasoline, LPG, or CNG. Emission standards for SI engines >25 NR-OlOd.wpd 7 ------- hp have recently been finalized. [8] Both uncontrolled and Phase 1 and 2 controlled emission factors are included in NONROAD2004. Summaries of the precontrolled, Phase 1 controlled, and Phase 2 controlled emission factors used for this equipment category are provided in Tables 6 through 8. Emission factors for the gasoline 4-stroke, LPG, and CNG engines were taken from the regulatory support document for the final rule, and are based on a summary of available test data. [11] Table 6. Emission Factors and BSFCs for Spark-Ignition Engines > 25 HP Engine Tech Type HC g/hp-hr CO g/hp-hr NOX g/hp-hr PM g/hp-hr BSFC Ib/hp-hr Uncontrolled G4GT25 (gas, 4-stroke, baseline) LGT25 (LPG, baseline) NGT25 (CNG, baseline) 3.85 1.68 24.64 107.23 28.23 28.23 8.43 11.99 11.99 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.605 0.507 0.507 Phase 1 G4GT251 (gas, 4-stroke) LGT251 (LPG) NGT251 (CNG) 0.59 0.25 3.69 29.86 24.49 24.49 1.51 2.10 2.10 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.484 0.406 0.406 Phase 2 G4GT252 (gas, 4-stroke) LGT252 (LPG) NGT252 (CNG) 0.27 0.10 1.57 11.94 3.92 3.92 0.69 0.85 0.89 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.484 0.406 0.406 Motorcycles. All-Terrain Vehicles (ATVsX and Snowmobiles These engines differ significantly from other SI engines in their basic design, operating characteristics, and emission rates. Emission standards have recently been finalized for these engines. [8] A summary of the emission factors for these engines is provided in Table 7. The HC, CO, and NOX emission data for ATVs and motorcycles were provided by a manufacturer and represent various makes, models, model years, and engine sizes. The emission factors for ATVs and motorcycles are expressed as gram/mile (Ib/mile for BSFC). The HC, CO, and NOX test data used for snowmobiles came from the International Snowmobile Manufacturers Association (ISMA) and Southwest Research Institute (SwRI). The emission factors for snowmobiles are NR-OlOd.wpd ------- expressed as gram/hp-hr (Ib/hp-hr for BSFC). The emission factors are documented in regulatory support documents for the final rule. [11,12] Table 7. Emission Factors and BSFCs for Offroad Motorcycles, ATVs, and Snowmobiles Equipment/Tech Type Precontrol 2-stroke offroad motorcycles (R12S) Precontrol 4-stroke offroad motorcycles (R14S) Phase 1 4-stroke offroad motorcycles (R14S1) 2-stroke all terrain vehicles (R12S) 4-stroke all terrain vehicles (R14S) Phase 1 4-stroke all terrain vehicles (R14S1) Precontrol 2-stroke snowmobiles (R12S) Modified 2-stroke snowmobiles (R12S1) Direct Injection 2-stroke snowmobiles (R12S2) 4-stroke snowmobiles (R14S) HC g/mile 55.70 2.40 2.10 53.90 2.40 1.60 HC g/hp-hr 111.0 53.70 21.80 7.80 CO g/mile 54.10 48.50 30.60 54.10 48.50 30.60 CO g/hp-hr 296.0 146.9 90.0 123.0 NOX g/mile 0.150 0.410 0.340 0.150 0.410 0.260 NOX g/hp-hr 0.86 0.86 2.80 9.20 PM g/mile 2.10 0.06 0.06 2.10 0.06 0.06 PM g/hp-hr 2.70 2.70 0.57 0.15 BSFC Ib/mile 0.268 0.201* 0.158 0.158 0.213 0.160* 0.167 0.167 BSFC Ib/hp-hr 1.660 1.660 1.245 1.245 * The standards for off-road motorcycle and ATV recreational engines allow the engine manufacturers to meet the controlled 4- stroke engine standard with a 2-stroke engine. If a manufacturer succeeds in meeting the 4-stroke controlled standard with a two-stroke engine, this is the estimate of what the BSFC for the controlled 2-stroke engine would be. Recreational SI Marine Engines Recreational SI marine engines are divided into three categories: outboard, personal watercraft (PWC), and sterndrive/inboard engines. Emission factors (HC, CO, and NOX) for these engines were taken from work accomplished in support of the 1996 rulemaking for new emission standards for these engines, as well as newer information and analysis related to SI inboard engines. [13,14] BSFCs and PM emission factors were derived from NEVES. [1] Table 8 shows how the power level ranges used in the 1996 rulemaking analysis were matched to the power levels used in NONROAD. Tables 9-12 show the emission rates by power range for precontrolled outboard, PWC, and inboard engines. To determine the effect of the Federal rulemaking for these types of engines, technical types were defined to reflect new technologies that would be employed to meet the emission NR-OlOd.wpd ------- levels required.1 These new technologies would be employed to various degrees to reflect the phase-in of the new emission standards. Technical types were defined to incorporate the emission reductions expected and the phase-in of the standards. The pre-controlled outboard two-stroke and four-stroke engines were defined by the technical types Ml and M4. Four additional engine technical types (M5, M6, M8, and M9) were defined to account for the new standards and allows for phase-in of the standards. Emission factors for these technical types are given in Tables 13-16. Table 8. Mapping of Recreational Marine Engine Power Ranges Outboard PWC Inboard EPA-RIA <3.9hp 3.9-9.9 9.9-29.9 29.9-49.9 49.9 - 74.9 74.9 - 99.9 99.9-149.9 149.9 - 199.9 30 - 50 hp 50-75 100 - 150 hp 150 - 200 >200 NONROAD Model 0-3hp 3- 11 11-25 25-50 50 - 100 100 - 175 0 - 50 hp 50 - 175 0 - 100 hp 100 - 175 >175 1 It should be noted that there are recreational marine tech types in the input files that are not yet defined and are not used at this time. NR-OlOd.wpd 10 ------- Table 9. Two-Stroke Outboard (SCC - 2282005010) Emission Factors and BSFCs for Precontrolled Engines (Ml Tech Type) NONROAD Power Range 0-3hp 3-11 11 -25 25-50 50 - 100 100 - 175 >175 HC g/hp-hr 254.01 218.43 164.49 116.38 101.95 128.69 128.69 CO g/hp-hr 396.5 335.7 301.4 231.3 233.5 313.3 313.3 NOX g/hp-hr 3.072 2.521 1.002 1.190 1.833 4.476 4.476 PM g/hp-hr 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 BSFC Ib/hp-hr 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Table 10. Four-Stroke Outboard (SCC - 2282005010) Emission Factors and BSFCs for Precontrolled Engines (M4 Tech Type) NONROAD Power Range 0-3hp 3-11 11 -25 25-50 50 - 100 100 - 175 >175 HC g/hp-hr 90.42 22.16 13.70 14.92 8.21 7.46 7.46 CO g/hp-hr 436.4 436.4 339.2 339.2 258.1 258.1 258.1 NOX g/hp-hr 3.678 3.879 5.953 7.460 7.460 8.952 8.952 PM g/hp-hr 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 BSFC Ib/hp-hr 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Table 11. Personal Watercraft (SCC - 2282005015) Precontrolled Emission Factors and BSFCs (M2 Tech Type. For 4-stroke see Tech Type Ml3 in Table 17) NONROAD Power Range 0 - 50 hp 50 - 175 HC g/hp-hr 135.10 153.66 CO g/hp-hr 257.9 252.7 NOX g/hp-hr 0.701 1.001 PM g/hp-hr 7.7 7.7 BSFC Ib/hp-hr 1.3 1.3 Table 12. Inboard (SCC - 2282010005) Precontrolled Emission Factors and BSFCs NR-OlOd.wpd 11 ------- (M3 Tech Type) NONROAD Power Range all HC g/hp-hr 5.88 CO g/hp-hr 153.7 NOX g/hp-hr 5.350 PM g/hp-hr 0.06 BSFC Ib/hp-hr 0.7 Table 13. Two-Stroke Outboard (SCC - 2282005010) Emission Factors and BSFCs with Carburetor & Ignition Modifications (M5 Tech Type) NONROAD Power Range 0-3hp 3-11 11 -25 25-50 50 - 100 100 - 175 >175 HC g/hp-hr 254.01 218.43 161.51 116.38 101.95 115.63 115.63 CO g/hp-hr 484.9 484.9 430.8 422.2 276.0 289.4 289.4 NOX g/hp-hr 3.072 2.521 1.002 1.190 1.833 8.206 8.206 PM g/hp-hr 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 BSFC Ib/hp-hr 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Table 14. Two-Stroke Outboard (SCC - : Modifications and Catalyst (M6 Tech Ty] NONROAD Power Range 0-3hp 3-11 11 -25 25-50 50 - 100 100 - 175 >175 HC g/hp-hr 123.69 106.37 80.10 56.67 49.65 62.66 62.66 2282005010) Emission Factors and BSFCs with 36) CO g/hp-hr 311.5 263.8 236.8 181.7 183.5 246.2 246.2 NOX g/hp-hr 2.560 2.101 0.835 0.992 1.527 3.730 3.730 PM g/hp-hr 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 BSFC Ib/hp-hr 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 NR-OlOd.wpd 12 ------- Table 15. Two-Stroke Outboard (SCC - 2282005010) Emission Factors and BSFCs with Electronic Fuel Injection (M8 Tech Type) NONROAD Power Range 0-3hp 3-11 11-25 25-50 50 - 100 100 - 175 >175 HC g/hp-hr 45.59 39.21 29.52 20.89 19.77 19.15 18.65 CO g/hp-hr 466.8 395.3 354.9 272.3 255.5 242.5 242.5 NOX g/hp-hr 15.406 12.647 5.023 5.968 7.087 8.206 8.206 PM g/hp-hr 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 BSFC Ib/hp-hr 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Table 16. Direct-Injection Type A Outboard (SCC - 2282005010) Emission Factors and BSFCs (M9 Tech Type) NONROAD Power Range 0-3hp 3-11 11 -25 25-50 50 - 100 100 - 175 >175 HC g/hp-hr 57.60 49.53 37.30 28.35 32.08 40.28 38.05 CO g/hp-hr 430.8 364.8 327.5 194.7 191.0 305.5 284.2 NOX g/hp-hr 11.440 9.391 3.730 3.730 3.730 3.730 3.730 PM g/hp-hr 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 7.7 BSFC Ib/hp-hr 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 Personal watercraft (PWC) emissions are characterized by three technical types: 2-stroke (labeled M2), 4-stroke (M13), and 2-stroke with major modifications (M14). Type M2 has the emission factors given above in Table 11. The emission factors for the M13 and M14 technical types are given in Tables 17 and 18, respectively. NR-OlOd.wpd 13 ------- Table 17. Personal Watercraft (SCC - 2282005015) 4-Stroke Emission Factors and BSFCs (Ml3 Tech Type) NONROAD Power Range 0 - 50 hp 50 - 175 HC g/hp-hr 11.56 12.73 CO g/hp-hr 256.3 252.4 NOX g/hp-hr 4.821 5.437 PM g/hp-hr 0.06 0.06 BSFC Ib/hp-hr 0.7 0.7 Table 18. Personal Watercraft (SCC - 2282005015) 2-Stroke with Major Modifications Emission Factors and BSFCs (M14 Tech Type) NONROAD Power Range 0 - 50 hp 50 - 175 HC g/hp-hr 127.69 143.78 CO g/hp-hr 269.6 258.6 NOX g/hp-hr 1.268 0.837 PM g/hp-hr 7.7 7.7 BSFC Ib/hp-hr 1.3 1.3 The sterndrive/inboard market has changed considerably over the past five or six years. Electronic fuel injection is used on more than half of new engine sales. Based on industry trends, we predict that most, if not all, inboard engines will be fuel injected by 2004. In NONROAD, the technology type for engines using electronic fuel injection is designated as M10. Table 19 presents the emission factors for the M10 technology type. Table 19. Inboard (SCC - 2282010005) with Electronic Fuel Injection Emission Factors and BSFCs (M10 Tech Type) NONROAD Power Range all HC g/hp-hr 3.02 CO g/hp-hr 71.8 NOX g/hp-hr 8.480 PM g/hp-hr 0.06 BSFC Ib/hp-hr 0.7 Accounting for In-Use Operation Many nonroad engines operate under transient loads, but the engines are typically tested with steady-state tests. For small SI engines (<25 hp), three studies have compared transient and steady-state emissions in SI engines, but they have not found consistent results and, in most cases, transient and steady-state have produced equivalent emission factors. [15,16,17] At present, EPA believes there is not sufficient information to justify an in-use transient adjustment factor (TAF) for small SI engines, so the NONROAD model will use emission factors based on unadjusted steady-state test results. Similarly, TAFs are not applied to the zero hour, steady- state emission factors for recreational equipment and SI marine engines. NR-OlOd.wpd 14 ------- For large SI engines >25 hp, based on emission measurements from highway engines comparable to uncontrolled large SI engines, transient emission levels are 30 percent higher for HC and 45 percent higher for CO relative to steady-state measurements. [11, 18] The NONROAD model therefore multiplies steady-state emission factors for SI engines >25 hp by a TAP of 1.3 for HC and 1.45 for CO to estimate emission levels during normal, transient operation. Test data do not support adjusting NOX emission levels for transient operation and so a TAP of 1.0 is used for NOX emissions. Also, the model applies no TAFs for generators, pumps, or compressors, since engines in these applications are less likely to experience transient operation. A summary of the TAFs used for large SI engines >25 hp is provided in Table 20. Table 20. Transient Adjustment Factors (TAFs) for Spark-Ignition Engines >25 hp Tech Types HC g/hp-hr CO g/hp-hr NOX g/hp-hr PM g/hp-hr BSFC Ib/hp-hr Pre-control TAFs Gasoline LPG CNG 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.45 1.45 1.45 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Phase 1 Control TAFs Gasoline LPG CNG 1.7 2.9 2.9 1.7 1.45 1.45 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Phase 2 Control TAFs Gasoline LPG CNG 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 TAFs are applied to gasoline 2-stroke (G2GT25), gasoline 4-stroke (G4GT25), LPG (LGT25), and CNG (NGT25) engines. TAFs are not applied to generator sets, pumps, or air compressors, as these are less likely to experience transient operation. Technology Distributions NONROAD accounts for changes in sales fractions and emissions from the advent of emission standards or other changes by assigning technology groups to each Source Classification Code (SCC). Each technology group has its own emission factors as described above, and the fraction of the population assigned to each group can change over time. These "technology fractions" by year are contained in an input file in NONROAD called tech.dat. NR-OlOd.wpd 15 ------- The regulations previously discussed for small SI and SI recreational marine engines are expected to influence the sales fraction of various technology types and the emission rates of those technologies. These anticipated changes are described in the regulatory support documents for the rulemakings. EPA simply formats this information for the NONROAD input files. The technology fractions by SCC in tech.dat are provided in Appendix B. Carbon Dioxide Emission Factors Emission factors for CO2 are rarely measured; instead, they typically are calculated based on brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC). The NONROAD model uses BSFC to compute CO2 emissions directly, as shown in the equation below. The carbon that goes to exhaust HC emissions is subtracted. This does not require a CO2 emission factors input file. CO2 = (BSFC * 453.6* - HC) * 0.57 * (44/12) where CO2 is in g/hp-hr BSFC is the fuel consumption in Ib/hp-hr 453.6 is the conversion factor from pounds to grams HC is the in-use adjusted hydrocarbon emissions in g/hp-hr 0.87 is the carbon mass fraction ofdiesel 44/12 is the ratio ofCO2 mass to carbon mass Sulfur Dioxide Emission Factors Sulfur dioxide emissions are rarely measured. Instead, they typically are calculated from fuel consumption and fuel sulfur content. We have retained this approach for the NONROAD model. Sulfur dioxide emission factors for gasoline engines are calculated using the following equation: NR-OlOd.wpd 16 ------- SO2 = (BSFC * 453.6* (1 - soxcnv) - EC) * 0.01 * soxbas * 2 where SO2 is in g/hp-hr BSFC is the fuel consumption in Ib/hp-hr 453.6 is the conversion factor from pounds to grams soxcnv is the fraction of fuel sulfur converted to direct PM (soxcnv = 0.03 for gasoline engines) HC is the in-use adjusted hydrocarbon emissions in g/hp-hr 0.01 is the conversion factor from weight percent to weight fraction soxbas is the episodic weight percent of sulfur in the fuel (default value for gasoline is 0.0339) 2 is the grams of SO 2 formed from a gram of sulfur The calculation for CNG/LPG engines is similar, with an average default fuel sulfur weight percent (soxbas) of 0.008 and the same sulfur conversion rate (soxcnv = 0.03). The SO2 emission factors are calculated based on the default fuel sulfur contents listed here. NONROAD users may use the model interface to adjust the fuel sulfur content without changing the input files. Note that this version of the model corrects errors in the equation to calculate SO2 emissions. In previous versions, the conversion from g/hp-hr to g/hr was missing the load factor term. The net effect of making this correction was to lower SO2 by roughly 40-50 percent. NR-OlOd.wpd 17 ------- References [1] "Nonroad Engine and Vehicle Emission Study" (NEVES), U.S. EPA, Office of Air and Radiation, 21A-2001, November, 1991. [2] "Documentation of Input Factors for the New Off-Road Mobile Source Emissions Inventory Model," ("Inputs...") Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc. for California Air Resources Board, February, 1997. [3] "Documentation of the OMS Small Gasoline Engine Spreadsheet System, Final Technical Memorandum," Dan Bowman, TRC Environmental Corporation, August 1995. [4] "Emissions for New Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines At or Below 19 Kilowatts; Final Rule," 60 FR 34581, July 3, 1995. [5] "Phase 2: Emission Standards for New Nonroad Nonhandheld Spark Ignition Engines At or Below 19 Kilowatts," Amendments to 40 CFR Part 90, March 1999. [6] "Phase 2: Emission Standards for New Nonroad Spark-Ignition Handheld Engines At or Below 19 Kilowatts and Minor Amendments to Emission Requirements Applicable to Small Spark-Ignition Engines and Marine Spark-Ignition Engines; Final Rule," 65 FR 24268, April 25, 2000. [7] "Final Rule for New Gasoline Spark-Ignition Marine Engines; Exemptions for New Nonroad Compression-Ignition Engines at or Above 37 Kilowatts and New Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines at or Below 19 Kilowatts," 61 FR 52088, October 4, 1996. [8] "Control of Emissions From Nonroad Large Spark-Ignition Engines and Recreational Engines (Marine and Land-Based); Final Rule," 67 FR 68241, November 8, 2002. [9] "Final Regulatory Impact Analysis, Phase 2: Emission Standards for New Nonroad Nonhandheld Spark-Ignition Engines At or Below 19 Kilowatts," U.S. EPA, EPA420-R-99-003, March 1999. [10] "Final Regulatory Impact Analysis, Phase 2 Final Rule: Emission Standards for New Nonroad Handheld Spark-Ignition Engines At or Below 19 Kilowatts," U.S. EPA, EPA420-R- 00-004, March 2000. [11] "Final Regulatory Support Document: Control of Emissions from Unregulated Nonroad Engines," U.S. EPA, EPA420-R-02-022, September 2002. [12] "Emission Modeling for Recreational Vehicles," EPA Memorandum from Line Wehrly to Docket A-98-01, EPA420-F-00-051, November 13, 2000. NR-OlOd.wpd 18 ------- [13] "Regulatory Impact Analysis: Control of Air Pollution Emission Standards for New Spark-Ignition Marine Engines," U.S. EPA, October, 1996. [14] "Revisions to the June 2000 Release of NONROAD to Reflect New Information and Analysis on Marine and Industrial Engines," EPA Memorandum from Mike Samulski to Docket A-98-01, Docket Item IV-8-1, November 2, 2000. [15] "Emissions Analysis of Small Utility Engines." Sun, X., et al. SAE paper 952080. 1995. [16] "Emissions from 4-Cycle Walk-Behind-Mower Engines: Test Cycle Effects." Gabele, Peter. SAE Paper 972793. 1997 [17] "Transient versus steady-state test procedure evaluation of 4-cycle utility engines," Carpenter, T., Buszkiewicz, T., Trimble, T. EPA regulation negotiation test procedure task group, November, 1994. EPA Air Docket A-93-29, Docket Item II-M-27 and "Final Report - Handheld Subgroup of the Test Procedure Task Group", EPA Air Docket A-93-29, Docket Item II-M-40. [18] "Regulatory Analysis and Environmental Impact of Final Emission Regulations for 1984 and Later Model Year Heavy Duty Engines," p. 189, U.S. EPA, Docket A-2000-01, December 1979. NR-OlOd.wpd 19 ------- Appendix A Cross-Inventory Comparison of SI Emission Factors Comparing emission factors between inventory models (NEVES, OFF-ROAD, EPA's Small Engine Model) is not straightforward because the different models and inventories use different units and different categories in distinguishing emission factors. To compare the factors, all factors were converted to list emission factors in g/hp-hr by engine type, application and horsepower. This conversion required mapping both the ARB horsepower groups and the Small Engine Model's displacement classes to the horsepower groups used by the NONROAD model (see Tables Al and A2). It was also necessary to combine the Small Engine Model's overhead-valve and side-valve categories into a single category by using a sales-weighted average, using the sales mix listed in Table A3. Table Al. Mapping of small engine groupings used in OFF-ROAD model to the small engine groupings used the Small Engine Model and ARB's in the NONROAD model Small Engine Model Class/Displacement Non-Handheld, I <225 cc Non-Handheld, II >225 cc Handheld, III 0-20 cc Handheld, IV 20-50 cc Handheld, V >50cc ARB Power Range 2-5 hp 5-15 hp 15-25hp <2hp <2hp 2-15 hp NONROAD Power Range 3-6 hp 6-16 hp 16-25 hp 0-1 hp 1-3 hp 3-6 hp NONROAD source classification All engines except 2-stroke trimmers/edgers/cutters, chainsaws, leafblowers, and snowblowers All engines except 2-stroke trimmers/edgers/cutters, chainsaws, leafblowers, and snowblowers All engines All engines All 2-stroke trimmers/edgers/cutters, chainsaws, leafblowers, and snowblowers NR-OlOd.wpd Al ------- Table A2. Mapping of large engine groupings used in ARB's OFF-ROAD model to the large engine groupings used in the NONROAD model. ARE hp range 5-15 15-25 25-50 50-120 120-175 175-250 250-500 500-750 750-9999 NONROAD hp Range 6-11 & 11-16 16-25 25-50 50-100 100-175 175-250 250-500 500-750 750-3000+ NR-OlOd.wpd A2 ------- Table A3. Sales Mix for Small Engine Model, Pre-control [1] Application Lawn Mowers Trimmers/ Edgers/ Cutters Chain Saws Leaf Blowers/ Vacuums Generator Sets Tillers Snowblowers Commercial Turf Equipment Rear Engine Riding Mowers Lawn & Garden Tractors Pumps All Other Equipment Sales Mix 2-stroke handheld Class 3 0.0501 0.0035 0.0528 Class 4 0.9173 0.6426 0.6299 0.0101 Class 5 0.0077 0.3539 0.2086 0 0.3205 2-stroke non- handheld Class 1 0.1 0.0017 0.0099 0.0974 Class 2 0.0024 4-stroke non-handheld, overhead- and side- valve Class 1 OHV 0.065 0.0016 0.0007 0.0057 0.04 0.0222 0.0375 Class 1 SV 0.835 0.0231 0.0721 0.2853 0.7938 0.3732 0.0647 0.0499 0.804 0.0049 0.4064 Class 2 OHV 0.0001 0.0551 0.0001 0.3658 0.1563 0.0013 0.1421 0.0081 Class 2 SV 0.0014 0.0002 0.0359 0.6522 0.196 0.3063 0.5196 0.7939 0.1725 0.8531 0.4482 [l]"Documentation of the OMS Small Gasoline Engine Spreadsheet System, Final Technical Memorandum" TRC Environmental Corporation for U.S. EPA Air and Energy Research Laboratory. August 1995. NR-OlOd.wpd A3 ------- Appendix B Technology Groups and Distributions by Year NONROAD accounts for changes in sales fractions and emissions from the advent of emission standards or other changes by assigning technology groups to each Source Classification Code (SCC). (SCC descriptions are given in NR-006b.) Each technology group has its own emission factor and the fraction of the population assigned to each group can change over time. These "technology fractions" are contained in an input file in NONROAD called tech.dat. A sample record for 4-stroke lawnmowers might show a shift in engine sales from side-valve engines (Tech Group 1) to overhead valve engines (Tech Group 2) as illustrated in Table Bl, which shows side-valve engines declining from 90% of sales in 1991 to 50% of sales in 1997. Table B1. Sample Technology Fractions SCC/Year 2260004010 1990 1997 Horsepower Range 3-6 hp Tech group/fraction 1 0.90 0.50 Tech group/fraction 2 0.10 0.50 Each technology group has an associated emission factor given in the emission factor input file for that pollutant. This emission factor can change with time. For example, CO emissions from Technology Group 1 (side-valve engines) might decrease from 819 g/hp-hr for model year engines 1990 through 1996 to 387 g/hp-hr for model years 1997 and later as shown in Table B2. The year listed in the emission factor input file is the first year in which the new emission factor applies. Table B2. Sample Emission Factors SCC/Year 2265004010 1990 2265004010 1997 Horsepower Range 3-6 hp 3-6 hp Technology group/emissions 1 819 1 387 Units g/hp-hr g/hp-hr Pollutant CO CO NR-OlOd.wpd Bl ------- For pre-controlled engines, the only technology groups currently identified are those used to combine SCCs for spark-ignition engines <25 hp as described in NR-006b. Technology groups primarily will be used for engines subject to emissions regulations. The regulations discussed in the main body of this report (for small SI engines <25 hp and SI recreational marine engines) are expected to influence the sales fraction of various technology types and the emission rates of those technologies. The technology types meeting the new standards (with appropriately lower emission factors) then gain market share during the appropriate model years which represent the start year of the regulations. These anticipated changes are described in EPA's rulemakings. In draft NONROAD2004, EPA simply formats this information for the NONROAD input files. Table B3 provides a list and description of the SI technology groups used in draft NONROAD2004. Tables B4-B17 contain the technology fractions in tech.dat. If new emission factors are developed for other parts of the inventory (e.g., larger SI engines) to reflect distinctions between different engine technologies with different emission levels, then appropriate technology groups, technology fractions, and emission factors will be added to the model. Similarly, appropriate emission factors will be added to the model if new emission standards are implemented. Table B3. Spark-Ignition Technologies in the Draft NONROAD2004 Model Engine Tech Type Code G2GT25 G2H3 G2H31 G2H3C1 G2H32 G2H3C2 G2H4 G2H41 G2H4C1 G2H42 G2H4C2 SI Engine Category Large SI > 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Description Gasoline, 2-stroke, Baseline Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class III (<20cc), Baseline Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class III (<20cc), Phase 1 Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class III (<20cc), Phase 1 with catalyst Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class III (<20cc), Phase 2 Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class III (<20cc), Phase 2 with catalyst Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class IV (>20cc and <50cc), Baseline Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class IV (>20cc and <50cc), Phase 1 Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class IV (>20cc and <50cc), Phase 1 with catalyst Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class IV (>20cc and <50cc), Phase 2 Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class IV (>20cc and <50cc), Phase 2 with catalyst NR-OlOd.wpd B2 ------- Table B3. Spark-Ignition Technologies in the Draft NONROAD2004 Model Engine Tech Type Code G2H5 G2H51 G2H5C1 G2H52 G2H5C2 G2N1 G2N11 G2N2 G4GT25 G4GT251 G4GT252 G4H41 G4H42 G4N1O G4N1O1 G4N1O2 G4N1S G4N1S1 G4N1SC1 G4N1S2 G4N2O G4N2O1 SI Engine Category Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Large SI > 25hp Large SI > 25hp Large SI > 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Description Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class V (>50cc), Baseline Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class V (>50cc), Phase 1 Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class V (>50cc), Phase 1 with catalyst Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class V (>50cc), Phase 2 Gasoline, 2-stroke, handheld Class V (>50cc), Phase 2 with catalyst Gasoline, 2-stroke, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), Baseline Gasoline, 2-stroke, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), Phase 1 Gasoline, 2-stroke, nonhandheld Class II (>225cc), Baseline Gasoline, 4-stroke, Baseline Gasoline, 4-stroke, Phase 1 Gasoline, 4-stroke, Phase 2 Gasoline, 4-stroke, handheld Class IV (>20cc and <50cc), Phase 1 Gasoline, 4-stroke, handheld Class IV (>20cc and <50cc), Phase 2 Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valved, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), Baseline Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valved, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), Phase 1 Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valved, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), Phase 2 Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valved, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), Baseline Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valved, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), Phase 1 Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valved, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), Phase 1 with catalyst Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valved, nonhandheld Class I (<225cc), Phase 2 Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valved, nonhandheld Class II (>225cc), Baseline Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valved, nonhandheld Class II (>225cc), Phase 1 NR-OlOd.wpd B3 ------- Table B3. Spark-Ignition Technologies in the Draft NONROAD2004 Model Engine Tech Type Code G4N2O2 G4N2S G4N2S1 G4N2S2 LGT25 LGT251 LGT252 Ml M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M8 M9 M10 M13 M14 NGT25 NGT251 NGT252 R12S R12S1 R12S2 SI Engine Category Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Small SI < 25hp Large SI > 25hp Large SI > 25hp Large SI > 25hp Recreational Marine Recreational Marine Recreational Marine Recreational Marine Recreational Marine Recreational Marine Recreational Marine Recreational Marine Recreational Marine Recreational Marine Recreational Marine Large SI > 25hp Large SI > 25hp Large SI > 25hp Recreational Equipment Recreational Equipment Recreational Equipment Description Gasoline, 4-stroke, overhead-valved, nonhandheld Class II (>225cc), Phase 2 Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valved, nonhandheld Class II (>225cc), Baseline Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valved, nonhandheld Class II (>225cc), Phase 1 Gasoline, 4-stroke, side-valved, nonhandheld Class II (>225cc), Phase 2 Liquid Petroleum Gas, Baseline Liquid Petroleum Gas, Phase 1 Liquid Petroleum Gas, Phase 2 Outboard, 2-stroke, Baseline Personal Watercraft, 2-stroke, Baseline Inboard, Baseline Outboard, 4-stroke, Baseline Outboard, 2-stroke, with carburetor and ignition modifications Outboard, 2-stroke, with modifications and catalyst Outboard, 2-stroke, with electronic fuel injection Outboard, direct-injection Inboard, with electronic fuel injection Personal Watercraft, 4-stroke, Baseline Personal Watercraft, 2-stroke, with major modifications Compressed Natural Gas, Baseline Compressed Natural Gas, Phase 1 Compressed Natural Gas, Phase 2 Offroad Motorcycles, All-Terrain Vehicles, and Snowmobiles, 2- stroke, Baseline Offroad Motorcycles, All-Terrain Vehicles, and Snowmobiles, 2- stroke, Phase 1 Offroad Motorcycles, All-Terrain Vehicles, and Snowmobiles, 2- stroke, Phase 2 NR-OlOd.wpd B4 ------- Table B3. Spark-Ignition Technologies in the Draft NONROAD2004 Model Engine Tech Type Code R14S R14S SI Engine Category Recreational Equipment Recreational Equipment Description Offroad Motorcycles, stroke, Baseline Offroad Motorcycles, stroke, Phase 1 All-Terrain Vehicles, and Snowmobiles, 4- All-Terrain Vehicles, and Snowmobiles, 4- NR-OlOd.wpd B5 ------- Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category* Year 1900 2004 2007 1900 2004 2007 1900 1996 1997 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1900 1996 1997 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1900 1996 1997 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 SCC 2260000000 2265000000 2260000000 2260000000 2260000000 HPMin 0 0 0 1 3 HP Max 9999 9999 1 3 6 Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type G2GT25 1 0 0 G4GT25 1 0 0 G2H3 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H4 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H5 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4GT251 0 1 0 G4GT251 0 1 0 G2H31 0 0.495 0.99 0.7425 0.495 0.2475 0 0 G2H4C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H5C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4GT252 0 0 1 G4GT252 0 0 1 G2H3C1 0 0.005 0.01 0.0075 0.005 0.0025 0 0 G4H4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H51 0 0.495 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.7425 0.495 0.2475 G2H32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H41 0 0.495 0.99 0.675 0.45 0.225 0 0 G2H5C1 0 0.005 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.0075 0.005 0.0025 G4H31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H4C1 0 0.005 0.01 0.075 0.05 0.025 0 0 G2H52 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 G2H3C2 0 0 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1 G4H41 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H5C2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4H32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H4C2 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.8 G4H42 0 0 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.2 NR-OlOd.wpd B6 ------- Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category* Year 2007 2008 1900 1996 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1900 1996 1997 2007 2008 1900 1996 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1900 2006 2007 2008 2009 1900 2006 SCC 2260000000 2265000000 2265000000 2260001010 2265001010 HPMin 6 0 6 0 0 HP Max 25 6 25 9999 9999 Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 0 0 G2N2 0.005 0.003 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2N1 0.18 0.09 0 0 0 G2N2 0.005 0.003 0 0 0 0 0 0 R12S 1 0.76 0.53 0.49 0.46 R14S 1 0.56 0 0 G4N2O 0.018 0.009 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O 0.069 0.035 0 0 0 G4N2O 0.018 0.009 0 0 0 0 0 0 R12SP 0 0 0 0 0 R14SP 0 0 0 0 G4N2S 0.977 0.488 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S 0.751 0.375 0 0 0 G4N2S 0.977 0.488 0 0 0 0 0 0 R14S1 0 0.24 0.47 0.51 0.54 R14S1 0 0.44 0 0 G4N2O1 0 0 0.017 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0 G2N11 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2O1 0 0 0.017 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.002 0 R14S1P 0 0 0 0 0 R14S1P 0 0 1 1 G4N2S1 0 0.5 0.983 0.492 0.369 0.246 0.123 0 G4N1O1 0 0.083 0.167 0.097 0 G4N2S1 0 0.5 0.983 0.492 0.369 0.246 0.123 0 0 0 G4N2O2 0 0 0 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 G4N1S1 0 0.417 0.833 0.486 0 G4N2O2 0 0 0 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 G4N2S2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1SC1 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2S2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O2 0 0 0 0.417 1 L4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S2 0 0 0 0 N4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L4N1 c c c c NR-OlOd.wpd B7 ------- Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category* Year 2007 2008 2009 1900 2005 2006 2007 2010 2012 1900 2006 2010 1900 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2010 2010 1900 2006 2007 2009 2010 1900 1996 1997 2007 2008 SCC 2260001020 2265001020 2260001030 2265001030 2265004010 HPMin 0 0 0 0 0 HP Max 9999 9999 9999 9999 6 Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 0.12 0.06 0 R12S 1 0.86 0.53 0.2 0.2 0.1 R14S 1 0 0 R12S 1 0.65 0.3 0.15 0 0 0 0 R14S 1 0.5 0 0 0 G2N1 0.05 0.025 0 0 0 0 0 0 R12S1 0 0 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.2 R14S1 0 1 0 R12SP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R14SP 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O 0.07 0.035 0 0 0 0.88 0.94 1 R12S2 0 0.07 0.085 0.1 0.35 0.5 R14S2 0 0 1 R14S1 0 0.35 0.7 0.85 1 1 1 1 R14S1 0 0.5 1 1 1 G4N1S 0.88 0.44 0 0 0 0 0 0 R14S 0 0.07 0.085 0.1 0.15 0.2 R14S1P 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R14S1P 0 0 0 0 0 G2N11 0 0 0 0 0 R14S2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R14S2 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O1 0 0.052 0.1038 0.097 0 R14S2P 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R14S2P 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S1 0 0.448 0.8962 0.486 0 R14S2C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R14S2C 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1SC1 0 0 0 0 0 R14S2CP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R14S2CP 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O2 0 0 0 0.417 1 G4N1S2 0 0 0 0 L4N1 0 0 0 0 NR-OlOd.wpd B8 ------- Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category* Year 1900 1996 1997 2007 2008 1900 1996 1997 2007 2008 1900 1996 1997 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1900 1996 1997 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1900 SCC 2265004011 2265004015 2260004020 2260004021 2260004025 HPMin 0 0 6 6 0 HP Max 6 6 9999 9999 1 Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type G2N1 0.15 0.075 0 0 0 G2N1 0 0 0 0 0 G2H5 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H5 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H3 1 G4N1O 0.06 0.03 0 0 0 G4N1O 0 0 0 0 0 G2H5C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H5C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H31 0 G4N1S 0.79 0.395 0 0 0 G4N1S 1 0.5 0 0 0 G2H51 0 0.495 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.7425 0.495 0.2475 0 0 G2H51 0 0.495 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.7425 0.495 0.2475 0 0 G2H3C1 0 G2N11 0 0 0 0 0 G2N11 0 0 0 0 0 G2H5C1 0 0.005 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.0075 0.005 0.0025 0 0 G2H5C1 0 0.005 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.0075 0.005 0.0025 0 0 G2H32 0 G4N1O1 0 0.072 0.143 0.097 0 G4N1O1 0 0.005 0.01 0.097 0 G2H52 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1 G2H52 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1 G4H31 0 G4N1S1 0 0.429 0.857 0.486 0 G4N1S1 0 0.495 0.99 0.486 0 G2H5C2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H5C2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H3C2 0 G4N1SC1 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1SC1 0 0 0 0 0 G4H32 0 G4N1O2 0 0 0 0.417 1 G4N1O2 0 0 0 0.417 1 G4N1S2 0 0 0 0 G4N1S2 0 0 0 0 L4N1 C c C c L4N1 C C c c NR-OlOd.wpd B9 ------- Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category* Year 1996 1997 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1900 1996 1997 1998 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1900 1996 1997 2007 2008 1900 1996 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1900 1996 1997 SCC 2260004025 2265004025 2265004025 2260004026 HPMin 1 3 6 0 HP Max 3 6 25 1 Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H4 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2N1 0 0 0 0 0 G2N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H3 1 0.5 0 0.495 0.99 0.7425 0.495 0.2475 0 0 G2H4C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O 0.063 0.032 0 0 0 G4N2O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H31 0 0.495 0.99 0.005 0.01 0.0075 0.005 0.0025 0 0 G4H4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S 0.936 0.468 0 0 0 G4N2S 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H3C1 0 0.005 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H41 0 0.49 0.98 0.97208081 0.675 0.45 0.225 0 0 G2N11 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2O1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H4C1 0 0.005 0.01 0.00991919 0.075 0.05 0.025 0 0 G4N1O1 0 0.037 0.073 0.097 0 G4N2S1 0 0.5 1 0.5 0.375 0.25 0.125 0 G4H31 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1 G4H41 0 0.005 0.01 0.018 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S1 0 0.463 0.927 0.486 0 G4N2O2 0 0 0 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 G2H3C2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1SC1 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2S2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4H32 0 0 0 G2H4C2 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.8 G4N1O2 0 0 0 0.417 1 L4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4H42 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.2 G4N1S2 0 0 0 0 N4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L4N1 c c c c NR-OlOd.wpd BIO ------- Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category* Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1900 1996 1997 1998 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1900 1996 1997 2007 2008 1900 1996 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1900 1996 1997 2007 2008 SCC 2260004026 2265004026 2265004026 2265004030 HPMin 1 3 6 0 HP Max 3 6 25 6 Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 0 0 0 0 0 G2H4 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2N1 0 0 0 0 0 G2N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2N1 0 0 0 0 0 0.7425 0.495 0.2475 0 0 G2H4C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O 0.063 0.032 0 0 0 G4N2O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O 0.01 0.005 0 0 0 0.0075 0.005 0.0025 0 0 G4H4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S 0.936 0.468 0 0 0 G4N2S 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S 0.99 0.495 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H41 0 0.49 0.98 0.97208081 0.675 0.45 0.225 0 0 G2N11 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2O1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2N11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H4C1 0 0.005 0.01 0.00991919 0.075 0.05 0.025 0 0 G4N1O1 0 0.037 0.073 0.097 0 G4N2S1 0 0.5 1 0.5 0.375 0.25 0.125 0 G4N1O1 0 0.01 0.019 0.097 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1 G4H41 0 0.005 0.01 0.018 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S1 0 0.463 0.927 0.486 0 G4N2O2 0 0 0 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 G4N1S1 0 0.49 0.981 0.486 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H42 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1SC1 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2S2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1SC1 0 0 0 0 0 G2H4C2 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.8 G4N1O2 0 0 0 0.417 1 L4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O2 0 0 0 0.417 1 G4H42 0 0 0 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.2 G4N1S2 0 0 0 0 N4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S2 0 0 0 0 L4N1 C c C c L4N1 C C c c NR-OlOd.wpd Bll ------- Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category* Year 1900 1996 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1900 1996 1997 2007 2008 1900 1996 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 SCC 2265004030 2265004031 2265004031 2260004035 2260004035 2260004036 2260004036 2265004035 2265004035 HPMin 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 HP Max 25 6 25 6 25 6 25 6 25 Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type G2N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2N1 0 0 0 0 0 G2N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2N1 1 G2N2 1 G2N1 1 G2N2 1 G4N1O 0.8 G4N2O 0.8 G4N2O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O 0.01 0.005 0 0 0 G4N2O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S 0.2 G4N2S 0.2 G4N2S 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S 0.99 0.495 0 0 0 G4N2S 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2O1 0 0 0.002 0.001 0 0 0 0 G2N11 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2O1 0 0 0.002 0.001 0 0 0 0 G4N2S1 0 0.5 0.998 0.499 0.375 0.25 0.125 0 G4N1O1 0 0.01 0.019 0.097 0 G4N2S1 0 0.5 0.998 0.499 0.375 0.25 0.125 0 G4N2O2 0 0 0 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 G4N1S1 0 0.49 0.981 0.486 0 G4N2O2 0 0 0 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 G4N2S2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1SC1 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2S2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O2 0 0 0 0.417 1 L4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S2 0 0 0 0 N4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L4N1 c c c c NR-OlOd.wpd B12 ------- Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category* Year 1900 1900 1900 1996 1997 2007 2008 1900 1996 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1900 1996 1997 2007 2008 1900 1996 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1900 SCC 2265004036 2265004036 2265004040 2265004040 2265004041 2265004041 2265004055 HPMin 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 HP Max 6 25 6 25 6 25 6 Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type G4N1O 0.8 G4N2O 0.8 G2N1 0 0 0 0 0 G2N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2N1 0 0 0 0 0 G2N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2N1 0 G4N1S 0.2 G4N2S 0.2 G4N1O 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2O 0.164 0.082 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2O 0.164 0.082 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O 0.027 G4N1S 1 0.5 0 0 0 G4N2S 0.836 0.418 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S 1 0.5 0 0 0 G4N2S 0.836 0.418 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S 0.973 G2N11 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2O1 0 0.082 0.164 0.082 0.062 0.041 0.02 0 G2N11 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2O1 0 0.082 0.164 0.082 0.062 0.041 0.02 0 G2N11 0 G4N1O1 0 0.005 0.01 0.097 0 G4N2S1 0 0.418 0.836 0.418 0.313 0.209 0.105 0 G4N1O1 0 0.005 0.01 0.097 0 G4N2S1 0 0.418 0.836 0.418 0.313 0.209 0.105 0 G4N1O1 0 G4N1S1 0 0.495 0.99 0.486 0 G4N2O2 0 0 0 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 G4N1S1 0 0.495 0.99 0.486 0 G4N2O2 0 0 0 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 G4N1S1 0 G4N1SC1 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2S2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1SC1 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2S2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1SC1 0 G4N1O2 0 0 0 0.417 1 L4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O2 0 0 0 0.417 1 L4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O2 0 G4N1S2 0 0 0 0 N4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S2 0 0 0 0 N4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S2 0 L4N1 C C C C L4N1 C C C C L4N1 C NR-OlOd.wpd B13 ------- Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category* Year 1996 1997 2007 2008 1900 1996 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1900 1996 1997 2007 2008 1900 1996 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1900 1996 1997 2007 2008 1900 SCC 2265004055 2265004056 2265004056 2265004071 2265004071 HPMin 6 0 6 0 6 HP Max 25 6 25 6 25 Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 0 0 0 0 G2N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2N1 0 0 0 0 0 G2N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2N1 0.086 0.043 0 0 0 G2N2 0 0.013 0 0 0 G4N2O 0.007 0.003 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O 0.027 0.013 0 0 0 G4N2O 0.007 0.003 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O 0.349 0.175 0 0 0 G4N2O 0.413 0.487 0 0 0 G4N2S 0.993 0.497 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S 0.973 0.487 0 0 0 G4N2S 0.993 0.497 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S 0.565 0.282 0 0 0 G4N2S 0.587 0 0 0 0 G4N2O1 0 0.003 0.007 0.003 0.002 0.001 0 0 G2N11 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2O1 0 0.003 0.007 0.003 0.002 0.001 0 0 G2N11 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2O1 0 0.018 0.037 0.097 0 G4N2S1 0 0.497 0.993 0.497 0.373 0.249 0.125 0 G4N1O1 0 0.018 0.037 0.097 0 G4N2S1 0 0.497 0.993 0.497 0.373 0.249 0.125 0 G4N1O1 0 0.199 0.398 0.097 0 G4N2S1 0 0.481 0.963 0.486 0 G4N2O2 0 0 0 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 G4N1S1 0 0.481 0.963 0.486 0 G4N2O2 0 0 0 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 G4N1S1 0 0.301 0.602 0.486 0 G4N2O2 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2S2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1SC1 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2S2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1SC1 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2S2 0 0 0 0.417 1 L4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O2 0 0 0 0.417 1 L4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O2 0 0 0 0.417 1 L4N2 0 0 0 0 N4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S2 0 0 0 0 N4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S2 0 0 0 0 N4N2 0 c c c L4N1 C C c c L4N1 C C c c NR-OlOd.wpd B14 ------- Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category* Year 1996 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1900 1996 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1900 1996 1997 2007 2008 1900 1996 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1900 1996 1997 2007 SCC 2265005040 2265006005 2265006005 2265006010 HPMin 6 0 6 0 HP Max 25 6 25 6 Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2N1 0.006 0.003 0 0 0 G2N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2N1 0 0 0 0 0.207 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O 0.02 0.01 0 0 0 G4N2O 0.078 0.039 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O 0 0 0 0 0.293 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2S 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S 0.974 0.487 0 0 0 G4N2S 0.922 0.461 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S 1 0.5 0 0 0 0.413 0.206 0.155 0.104 0.052 0 G4N2O1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2N11 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2O1 0 0.039 0.078 0.039 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 G2N11 0 0 0 0 0.5 0.587 0.294 0.22 0.146 0.073 0 G4N2S1 0 0.5 1 0.5 0.375 0.25 0.125 0 G4N1O1 0 0.016 0.032 0.097 0 G4N2S1 0 0.461 0.922 0.461 0.345 0.23 0.115 0 G4N1O1 0 0.005 0.01 0.097 0 0 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 G4N2O2 0 0 0 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 G4N1S1 0 0.484 0.968 0.486 0 G4N2O2 0 0 0 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 G4N1S1 0 0.495 0.99 0.486 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2S2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1SC1 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2S2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1SC1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O2 0 0 0 0.417 1 L4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O2 0 0 0 0.417 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S2 0 0 0 0 N4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S2 0 0 0 0 N4N1 C c C c N4N1 C C c c NR-OlOd.wpd B15 ------- Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category* Year 2008 1900 1996 1997 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 1900 1996 1997 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1900 1996 1997 2007 2008 1900 2004 2007 1900 2004 2007 SCC 2265006010 2260007005 2265010010 2267000000 2268000000 HPMin 6 6 0 25 25 HP Max 25 9999 6 9999 9999 Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type 0 G2N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H5 1 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2N1 0.18 0.09 0 0 0 LGT25 1 0 0 NGT25 1 0 0 0 G4N2O 0.143 0.072 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H5C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O 0.069 0.035 0 0 0 LGT251 0 1 0 NGT251 0 1 0 0 G4N2S 0.857 0.428 0 0 0 0 0 0 G2H51 0 0.495 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.7425 0.495 0.2475 0 0 G4N1S 0.751 0.375 0 0 0 LGT252 0 0 1 NGT252 0 0 1 0 G4N2O1 0 0.072 0.143 0.071 0.053 0.035 0.017 0 G2H5C1 0 0.005 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.0075 0.005 0.0025 0 0 G2N11 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2S1 0 0.428 0.857 0.429 0.322 0.215 0.108 0 G2H52 0 0 0 0 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1 G4N1O1 0 0.083 0.167 0.097 0 0 G4N2O2 0 0 0 0.5 0.625 0.75 0.875 1 G2H5C2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S1 0 0.417 0.833 0.486 0 0 G4N2S2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1SC1 0 0 0 0 0 1 L4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O2 0 0 0 0.417 1 N4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S2 0 0 0 0 N4N1 C c C c NR-OlOd.wpd B16 ------- Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category* Year 1900 1900 1997 2000 2003 2005 1900 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 1900 1998 2001 2002 2003 2005 1900 1999 2000 1900 1997 1998 1999 2003 2004 1900 SCC 2282005010 2282005010 2282005010 2282005010 2282005010 2282005010 2282005010 HPMin 0 3 11 25 50 100 175 HP Max 3 11 25 50 100 175 9999 Fraction of Population in Each Technology Type Ml 0.9 Ml 0.957 0.87 0.537 0.276 0.26 Ml 0.989 0.962 0.78 0.64 0.633 0.091 Ml 1 0.972 0.683 0.105 0.098 0.085 Ml 1 0.95 0.917 Ml 1 0.988 0.954 0.575 0.302 0 Ml 1 M4 0.1 M4 0.043 0.13 0.463 0.724 0.724 M4 0.011 0.038 0.216 0.349 0.356 0.62 M4 0 0.028 0.049 0.049 0.049 0.063 M4 0 0.05 0.05 M4 0 0 0 0 0 0 M4 0 M5 0 M5 0 0 0 0 0.016 M5 0 0 0.004 0.011 0.011 0.011 M5 0 0 0 0 0.007 0.007 M5 0 0 0.033 M5 0 0 0.034 0.034 0.035 0.035 M5 0 M6 0 M6 0 0 0 0 0 M6 0 0 0 0 0 0 M6 0 0 0 0 0 0 M6 0 0 0 M6 0 0 0 0 0.267 0.267 M6 0 M7 0 M7 0 0 0 0 0 M7 0 0 0 0 0 0 M7 0 0 0 0 0 0 M7 0 0 0 M7 0 0 0 0 0 0 M7 0 M8 0 M8 0 0 0 0 0 M8 0 0 0 0 0 0 M8 0 0 0.268 0.268 0.268 0.268 M8 0 0 0 M8 0 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.012 0.314 M8 0 M9 0 M9 0 0 0 0 0 M9 0 0 0 0 0 0.277 M9 0 0 0 0.578 0.578 0.578 M9 0 0 0 M9 0 0 0 0.379 0.384 0.384 M9 0 NR-OlOd.wpd B17 ------- Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category* Year 1997 1998 2004 1900 2005 1900 1999 2002 2003 2004 2005 1900 1999 2000 2001 2002 2004 1900 2007 1900 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2007 1900 SCC 2282005015 2282005015 2282005015 2282010005 2282010005 2282010005 HPMin 0 25 50 0 50 175 HP Max 25 50 9999 50 175 300 Fraction of Population in Each Technology Tvoe 0.967 0.234 0 M2 0.218 0.075 M2 1 0.68 0.68 0.496 0.496 0.075 M2 1 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.039 M3 1 0 M3 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0 M3 1 0 0 0 M13 0.782 0.925 M13 0 0 0.136 0.32 0.504 0.925 M13 0 0.092 0.259 0.533 0.823 0.961 M10 0 0 M10 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0 M10 0 0 0 0 M14 0 0 M14 0 0.32 0.184 0.184 0 0 M14 0 0.731 0.564 0.29 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.033 0.033 0.29 0 0.733 0.71 NR-OlOd.wpd B18 ------- Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category* Year 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2007 1900 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2007 1900 1996 1997 2007 2008 1900 1996 1997 2001 2002 2003 SCC 2282010005 2285004015 2285004015 HPMin 300 0 6 HP Max 999 6 25 Fraction of Population in Each Technology Tvoe 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 M3 1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 G2N1 0.18 0.09 0 0 0 G2N2 0.005 0.003 0 0 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0 M10 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 0 G4N1O 0.069 0.035 0 0 0 G4N2O 0.018 0.009 0 0 0 0 G4N1S 0.751 0.375 0 0 0 G4N2S 0.977 0.488 0 0 0 0 G2N11 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2O1 0 0 0.017 0.008 0.006 0.004 G4N1O1 0 0.083 0.167 0.097 0 G4N2S1 0 0.5 0.983 0.492 0.369 0.246 G4N1S1 0 0.417 0.833 0.486 0 G4N2O2 0 0 0 0.5 0.625 0.75 G4N1SC1 0 0 0 0 0 G4N2S2 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1O2 0 0 0 0.417 1 L4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 G4N1S2 0 0 0 0 N4N2 0 0 0 0 0 0 L4N1 c c c c NR-OlOd.wpd B19 ------- Table B4. Nonroad SI Technology Distributions by SCC and HP Category* Year 2004 2005 1900 2004 2007 1900 2004 2007 1900 2004 2007 SCC 2285004015 2285006015 2285008015 HPMin 25 25 25 HP Max 9999 9999 9999 Fraction of Population in Each Technology Tvoe 0 0 G4GT25 1 0 0 LGT25 1 0 0 NGT25 1 0 0 0 0 G4GT251 0 1 0 LGT251 0 1 0 NGT251 0 1 0 0 0 G4GT252 0 0 1 LGT252 0 0 1 NGT252 0 0 1 0.002 0 0.123 0 0.875 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 * Taken from tech.dat input file. NR-OlOd.wpd B20 ------- |