U.S. EPA PARTICULATE
MATTER RESEARCH
PUBLICATIONS

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In  1998, Congress significantly expanded funding for the  Environmental  Protection Agency's (EPA) Participate
Matter (PM) Research Program, with the specific charge to accelerate the investigation of the role of PM in health
effects associated with air pollution and to strengthen the science to support implementation of regulatory actions.

Since that time, EPA's PM  research has been performed within a scientific framework developed by an expert
committee convened  by the National  Research Council (NRC) of the  National Academy of Sciences. The NRC
Committee issued a series of reports entitled "Research  Priorities for Airborne Particulate  Matter," that outlined a
research agenda to address the key scientific questions about PM and provided periodic assessments of progress.

Research at EPA is conducted within the Office of Research and Development (ORD) laboratories (listed below)
and extramurally through  research grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts. Significant elements of the extra-
mural program include the  Science To Achieve Results  (STAR) research grants program  and  the Supersites am-
bient monitoring research program.

Together, EPA's intramural and extramural  PM research programs focus on addressing the NRC priorities. The
extramural STAR grant program develops solicitations  for PM research  in targeted environmental science,  ex-
posure,  engineering, and health areas. This program included the establishment of five PM Research Centers that,
together with  the EPA intramural program,  could broadly address the pressing PM research questions. An  im-
portant  goal of the entire program has been  to communicate and coordinate new findings and research priorities
with partners and other federal agencies.

This document catalogs the  publications that describe salient scientific advances in PM-related health, exposure,  and
implementation research conducted by ORD and EPA-funded researchers since 1998.



National Center for Environmental Assessment
National Center for Environmental Research:  STAR Grant Program, including PM Centers
National Exposure Research Laboratory
National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory
National Risk Management Research Laboratory
Office of Air and Radiation:  Supersites Program

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 1

Abbey, D. E. and R. J. Burchette, et al. (1998). Long-term participate and other air pollutants and lung function in
nonsmokers. AmJ Respir Crit Care Med.  158(I): 289-298.

Ansari, A. S. and S. N. Pandis (1998). Response of inorganic PM to precursor concentrations. Environ Sci Techno!.  32:
2706-2714.

Bahrmann, C.  P. and V. K. Saxena (1998). The influence of air mass history on black carbon concentrations and  re-
gional climate forcing in southeastern United States. J Geophys Res.  103: 23 153-23 161.

Becker, S. and J. M. Soukup (1998). Decreased GDI Ib expression, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst in urban par-
ticulate pollution-exposed human monocytes and alveolar macrophages. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 55(7): 455-477.

Bennett, W. D., G. Scheuch, et al. (1998). Bronchial airway deposition  and retention  of particles in inhaled boluses:
effect of anatomic dead space. J Appl Physiol. 85(2): 685-694.

Bonner, J. C., A. B. Rice, et al. (1998). Induction of the lung myofibroblast PDGF receptor system by urban ambient
particles from  Mexico City. AmJ Respir Cell Mol Biol. 19: 672-680.

Boring, C. B., P. K. Dasgupta, et al. (1998). A compact field portable capillary ion chromatograph. J Chromatography.
840: 45-54.

Champion, M. and D. R. Jaasma (1998). Degradation of emissions control performance of wood stoves in Crested
Butte, CO. Research Triangle Park, NC, National  Risk Management Research  Laboratory, EPA Report EPA-600/R-
98-l58(NTISPB99-l27995).

Chapman, R. S., W. P. Watkinson, et al. (1998). Ambient particulate matter and respiratory and cardiovascular ill-
ness in adults:  particle-borne transition metals and the heart-lung axis. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 4: 33 I -338.

Comer, J. K., Jr., C. Kleinstreuer, et al.  (1998). Computational aerosol transport and deposition analyses for human
exposure chambers and model respiratory airways. ASME FEDSM98. 5044: I -6.

Costa, D. L. (1998). Is there a toxic role for constitutive transition metals?  In: Lee, S. D., ed. Air Pollution and the
21st Century: Priority Issues and Policy Trends.  5th U.S.-Dutch International Symposium. Amsterdam: Elsevier, Ltd.,
 117-123.
Costa, D. L., S. H. Gavett, et al. (1998). Ambient particulate matter and health:  what are the animals telling us? In:
Mohr, L)., ed. International Life Sciences Institute Monographs, Relationships Between Respiratory Disease and Exposure
to Air Pollution. Washington, DC:  I LSI Press, 185-194.

Cruz,  C.  N. and S.  N. Pandis (1998). Activation of multicomponent organic and inorganic  aerosols in ambient
clouds. J Geophys Res. 103(13): 121-123.

Devlin, R. B., J. Quay, et al. (1998). In vitro models of acute inflammation in humans. In:  Mohr, L)., ed. International
Life Sciences Institute Monographs, Relationships Between Respiratory Disease and Exposure to Air Pollution. Washing-
ton, DC:  ILSI Press, 99-108.

Elias, V. O., B. R. T. Simoneit, et al. (1998). High temperature gas chromatography with a glass capillary column for
the analysis of high molecular weight tracers in smoke samples from biomass burning. J High Resolution Chroma-
tography. 21:87-93.

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Erlick, C. and J. E. Frederick (1998). Effects of aerosols on the wavelength dependence of atmospheric transmission
in the ultraviolet and visible. I.  A single-scattering-separate delta-Eddington model. J Geophys Res. 103:  I 1465-
I 1472.

Erlick, C. and J. E. Frederick (1998). Effects of aerosols on the wavelength dependence of atmospheric transmission
in the ultraviolet and visible. 2. Continental and urban aerosols in clear skies. J Geophys Res.  103: 23275-23285.

Erlick, C., J. E. Frederick, et  al. (1998). Atmospheric transmission in the ultraviolet and visible: aerosols in cloudy
atmospheres. J Geophys Res. 103:  3 1541 -3 1556.

Card, E. E., M. J. Kleeman, et al. (1998). Direct observation of heterogeneous chemistry in the atmosphere. Science.
279: I  184-1 187.

Ge, Z., A. S. Wexler, et al. (1998). Deliquescence behavior of multicomponent aerosols. J Physical Chemistry A. 102:
173-180.

Ge, Z., A. S. Wexler, et al. (1998). Laser desorption/ionization of single ultrafine multicomponent aerosols. Environ
SciTechnol. 32:3218-3223.

Ghio, A. J., J. D. Carter, et al. (1998). Disruption of normal iron homeostasis after bronchial instillation of an  iron-
containing particle. Am J Physiol. 274(3 Pt I): L396-L403.

Ghio, A. J., J. D. Carter, et al. (1998). Metal-dependent expression of ferritin and lactoferrin by respiratory epithelial
cells. Am J Physiol. 274(5 Pt I): L728-L736.

Ghio, A. J., T.  P. Kennedy, etal. (1998).  Depletion of iron and ascorbate in rodents diminishes lung injury after silica.
Exp Lung Res. 24(2): 219-232.

Ghio, A. J., J. H. Richards, et al. (1998). Metal storage and transport  proteins increase after exposure of the rat lung
to an air pollution particle. Toxicol Pathol. 26(3): 388-394.

Ghio, A. J., D. E. Taylor, et al. (1998). The release of iron from different asbestos structures by hydrogen peroxide
with concomitant O2 generation. 8/ometo/s.  I I (I): 41 -47.

Goldsmith, C. A., A. Imrich,  et al. (1998). Analysis of air pollution  particulate-mediated  oxidant stress in alveolar
macrophages. J Toxicol Environ Health A.  54(7): 529-545.

Gwynn, R. and G. D. Thurston (1998). Acidic particulate matter air pollution  and  daily mortality and morbidity in
New York City, NY. Epidemiology. 9(4): S60.

Jacobson, M. Z. (1998). Fundamentals of Atmospheric Modeling. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Jacobson, M.  Z.  (1998).  Improvement of SMVGEAR II on vector and scalar machines through absolute error
tolerance control. Atmos Environ. 32(4): 791 -796.

Jacobson, M. Z. (1998). Reversible Chemical Reactions in Aerosols. Boca Raton, FL:  CRC Press.

Jacobson, M.  Z. (1998). Studying the effects of aerosols on vertical photolysis rate coefficient and temperature
profiles over an urban airshed. J Geophys Res. 103: 10593-10604.

Kennedy, T., A. J. Ghio,  et al. (1998).  Copper-dependent inflammation and  nuclear factor-kappaB activation  by
particulate air pollution. AmJ Respir Cell Mol Biol.  19(3): 366-378.

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Kim, C. S. and S. C. Hu (1998). Regional deposition of inhaled particles in human lungs:  comparison between men
and women. J Appl Physiol. 84(6): 1834-1844.

Kodavanti,  U. P., D. L. Costa, et al. (1998). Rodent models of cardiopulmonary disease:  their potential applicability
in studies of air pollutant susceptibility. Environ Health Perspect. 106(Suppl I): 111-130.

Kodavanti,  U. P., R. Mauser,  et al. (1998). Pulmonary responses to oil fly ash particles in the rat differ by virtue of
their specific soluble metals. Toxicol Sci. 43: 204-212.

Kodavanti,  U. P., Z. H. Meng, et al. (1998). In vivo and in vitro correlates of particle-induced lung injury:  specific
roles of bioavailable metals. In: Mohr,  U., Dungworth, D. L., Brainet, J. D., et al., eds.  Relationships Between Res-
piratory Disease and Exposure  to Air Pollution. ILSI Monographs. Washington, DC: ILSI Press, 261 -266.

Lay, J.  C., W. D. Bennett, et al. (1998). Retention and intracellular distribution of instilled iron oxide particles in
human alveolar macrophages. AmJ Respir Cell Mol Biol. 18(5): 687-695.

Ledbetter,  A. D., P. M. Killough, et al. (1998). A low-sample-consumption dry-particulate aerosol generator for use
in nose-only inhalation exposures. Inhalation Toxicol. 10: 239-25 I.

Madl, A. K., D.  W. Wilson, et al.  (1998).  Alteration in lung  particle translocation, macrophage function,  and
microfilament arrangement in monocrotaline-treated rats.  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 153(1): 28-38.

Mansoori, B. A., M. V. Johnston, et al. (1998). Laser desorption ionization of size resolved liquid microdroplets. Anal
ChimicaActa. 359(1-2): 185-191.

Miller,  C. A., W. P. Linak, et  al. (1998). Fine particle emissions from heavy fuel oil combustion in a firetube package
boiler.  Combustion Sci Techno!. 134: 477-502.

Nenes, A.,  S. N. Pandis, et al. (1998). ISORROPIA:  a new thermodynamic equilibrium model for multiphase multi-
component inorganic aerosols. Aquatic Geochemistry. 4: 123-152.

Neubauer,  K. R., M. V. Johnston, et al. (1998). Humidity effects  on the mass spectra  of  single aerosol particles.
Atmos Environ. 32( 14-15): 2521 -2529.

Palotas, A.  B., L. C. Rainey, et al. (1998). Where did that soot come from? CHEMTEC. 28(7): 24-30.

Quay, J.  L., W. Reed, et al. (1998). Air pollution particles induce  IL-6 gene expression  in  human airway epithelial
cells via NF-kappaB activation. AmJ Respir Cell Mol Biol. 19( I): 98-106.

Samet, J. M., L. M. Graves, et al. (1998). Activation of MAPKs in human bronchial epithelial  cells exposed to metals.
AmJ Physiol. 275(3 Pt I): L55I-L558.

Stringer,  B. and L.  Kobzik (1998). Environmental particulate-mediated cytokine production in lung epithelial cells:
role of preexisting inflammation and oxidant stress. Toxicol Environ Health A. 55(1): 31 -44.

Tanner, R.  L., R. J. Valente, et al.  (1998). Measuring inorganic nitrate species with short time resolution from an
aircraft platform by dual-channel ozone chemiluminescence.J Geophys Res. I03(D 17): 22387-22395.

Timblin,  C.,  K.  Berube, et al. (1998). Ambient particulate  matter causes activation of  the c-jun kinase/stress-
activated protein kinase cascade and DMA synthesis in lung epithelial cells. Cancer Res. 58(20): 4543-4547.

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Watkinson, W. P., M. J. Campen, et al. (1998). Cardiac arrhythmia induction after exposure to residual oil fly ash
particles in the pulmonary hypertensive rat. Toxicol Sci. 41: 209-216.

Wenny, B. N., J. S. Schafer, et al. (1998). A study of regional aerosol  radiative properties and effects on ultraviolet-B
radiation. J Geophys Res. 103: 17083-17097.

Yu, J., R. C.  Flagan, et al. (1998). Identification of products containing -COOH,  -OH, and -C=O  in atmospheric
oxidation of hydrocarbons. Environ Sci Techno!. 32: 2357-2370.

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 1

Abbey, D. E., N. Nishino, et al. (1999). Long-term inhalable particles and other air pollutants related to mortality in
nonsmokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 159(2): 373-382.

Aneja, V. P., J. P. Chauhan, et al.  (1999). Characterization of atmospheric ammonia emissions from swine waste
storage and treatment lagoons. J Geophys Res. (D Atmos.) 105:  I 1535-1 1545.

Ansari, A. S. and S. N. Pandis (1999). An analysis of four models predicting the partitioning of semi-volatile inorganic
aerosol components. Aerosol Sci Techno!. 31:129-153.

Ansari, A. S. and S. N. Pandis (1999). Prediction of multicomponent inorganic atmospheric aerosol behavior. Atmos
Environ. 33(5): 745-757.

Becker, S., W. A. Clapp, et al. (1999). Compartmentalization of the inflammatory response to inhaled grain dust. Am
J Respir Crit  Care Med. 160(4):  1309-1318.

Becker, S. and J. M.  Soukup (1999). Exposure to urban air  particulates alters the  macrophage-mediated inflam-
matory response to respiratory viral infection. J Toxicol Environ Health A.  57(7): 445-457.

Bennett, W. D., G. Scheuch, et al.  (1999). Regional deposition and retention of particles in shallow, inhaled boluses:
effect of lung volume. J Appl Physiol. 86(1):  168-173.

Boring, C. B.,  S. K.  Poruthoor, et al. (1999). Wet effluent parallel plate diffusion denuder coupled capillary ion
chromatograph for the determination of atmospheric trace gases. To/onto. 48(3): 675-684.

Capaldo, K. P., P. Kasibhatla, et al.  (1999). Is aerosol production within the remote marine boundary layer sufficient
to maintain observed  concentrations? J Geophys Res.  104: 3483-3500.

Chang, M., S. Kim, et al. (1999). Experimental studies on particle impaction and bounce:  effects of substrate design
and material. Atmos Environ. 33( 15): 23 13-2322.

Clarke, R. W.,  P. J. Catalano,  et al. (1999).  Urban air particulate inhalation alters pulmonary function and  induces
pulmonary inflammation in a rodent model of chronic bronchitis. Inhalation Toxicol.  I 1(8): 637-656.

Costa, D. L. and K. L. Dreher (1999). What do we need  to know about airborne particles to make effective risk
management decisions? Human Ecol Risk Assessment. 5(3): 481 -492.

Dassios, K.  G. and S.  N.  Pandis (1999).  The mass accommodation coefficient of ammonium nitrate aerosol. Atmos
Environ. 33: 2993-3003.
Devlin, R. B., A. J. Ghio, et al. (1999). Responses of inflammatory cells. In:  Gehr, P., Heyder, J., eds. Particle-Lung
Interactions. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Duanping, L., J. Creason, et al. (1999). Daily variation of particulate air pollution and poor cardiac autonomic control
in the elderly. Environ Health Perspect. 107(7): 521 -525.

Dye, J. A., K. B. Adler, et al. (1999). Role of soluble metals in oil fly ash-induced airway epithelial injury and cytokine
gene expression. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Molec Physiol. 277(21): L498-L5 10.

Eatough, D. J., F.  Obeidi, et al. (1999). Integrated and real-time diffusion denuder samplers  for PM25 based on
BOSS, PC and TEOM technology. Atmos Environ. 33: 2835-2844.

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Eatough, D. J., Y. Pang, et al. (1999). Determination of PM25 sulfate and nitrate with a PC-BOSS designed for rou-
tine sampling for semi-volatile particulate matter. J Air Waste Manag Assoc. 49(Special Issue): PM 69-75.

Elias, V. O., B. R. T. Simoneit, et al. (1999). The detection of heavy molecular weight organic tracers in vegetation
smoke samples by high temperature gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Environ Sci Techno!.  33: 2369-2376.

Frampton, M. W., A. J. Ghio, et al. (1999).  Effects of aqueous extracts of PM|0 filters from the Utah Valley on human
airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol. 277(5 Pt I): L960-L967.

Gallagher,]. R. (1999). Air pollution particles: effects on cellular oxidant radical generation in relation to particulate
elemental composition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 158: 81-91.

Gavett, S. H., S. L. Madison, et al. (1999). Residual oil fly ash amplifies allergic cytokines, airway responsiveness, and
inflammation in mice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.  160: 1897-1904.

Geigel, E. J.,  R. W. Hyde, et al. (1999). Rate of nitric oxide production by the lower airways of human lungs. J Appl
Physiol. 86(1): 21 1-221.

Ghio, A.  J., J. D.  Carter, et al. (1999). Respiratory epithelial cells demonstrate lactoferrin receptors that increase
after metal exposure. Am J Physiol. 276(6 Pt I): L933-L940.

Ghio, A. J. and J.  M.  Samet (1999). Metals and air pollution particles. In: Holgate, S. T., Koren, H. L, Samet, J. M.,
Maynard, R. L., eds. Air Pollutants and Effects on Health. London: Academic Press, 635-65 I.

Ghio, A. J., J. Stoneheurner, et al. (1999). Metals associated with both the water-soluble and insoluble fractions of an
ambient air pollution particle catalyze an oxidative stress. Inhalation Toxicol. I 1(1): 37-49.

Ghio, A. J., J. Stoneheurner, et al. (1999). Sulfate content correlates with iron concentrations in ambient air pollution
particles. Inhalation Toxicol.  I 1(4): 293-307.

Godleski, J. J. and R. W.  Clarke (1999). Systemic responses to inhaled ambient particles:  pathophysiologic mech-
anisms of cardiopulmonary effects. In: Gehr, P., Heyder, J., eds. Particle-Lung Interactions. New York: Marcel Dek-
ker, Inc., 577-601.

Gold, D.  R.,  A. I. Damokosh, et al. (1999). Particulate and ozone pollutant effects on  the respiratory function of
children in southwest Mexico City. Epidemiology.  10(1): 8-16.

Goldsmith, C. A., K. Hamada, et al. (1999). Effects of environmental aerosols on airway hyperresponsiveness in a
murine model of asthma. Inhalation Toxicol.  I 1(1 I): 981-998.

Gopinath, A. and  D. L. Koch (1999). Hydrodynamic interactions between two equal spheres in a highly rarefied gas.
Physics of Fluids. I 1: 2772-2787.

Gordon,  T., H. Gerber, et al. (1999). A centrifugal particle concentrator for use in inhalation toxicology. Inhalation
Toxicol. I I (I): 71-87.

Griffin, R. J.  Ill, D. Dabdub, et al. (1999). Estimate of global atmospheric organic aerosol from oxidation of biogenic
hydrocarbons. Geophys Res Lett. 26: 2721 -2724.

Griffin, R. J.  Ill, R. C.  Flanagan, et al.  (1999). Organic  aerosol formation from the oxidation of biogenic  hydro-
carbons. J Geophys Res. 104: 3555-3567.

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Hamada, K., C. A. Goldsmith, et al. (1999). Increased airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a juvenile
mouse model of asthma exposed to air-pollutant aerosol. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 58(3): 129-143.

Hosiokangas, J., J. Ruuskanen, et al. (1999). Effects of soil dust episodes and mixed fuel sources on source appor-
tionment of PM|0 particles in Kuopio, Finland. Atmos Environ. 33(23): 3821-3829.

Hughes, L. S., J. O. Allen, et al. (1999). The size and composition distribution of atmospheric particles in Southern
California. Environ Sci Techno!. 33: 3506-3515.

Hyde, D. M., L. A. Miller, et al. (1999). Neutrophils enhance clearance of necrotic epithelial cells in ozone-induced
lung injury in rhesus monkeys. AmJ Physiol. 277(6 Pt  I): LI 190-LI 198.

Imrich,  A., Y. Y. Ning, et al. (1999). Intracellular oxidant production and cytokine responses in lung macrophages:
evaluation of fluorescent probes. J Leukoc Biol. 65(4): 499-507.

Imrich,  A., Y. Y. Ning, et al.  (1999). Lipopolysaccharide priming amplifies  lung macrophage tumor necrosis factor
production in response to air particles. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.  159(2): I 17-124.

Jacobson,  M. Z. (1999).  Effects  of soil moisture on  temperatures, winds, and  pollutant concentrations in Los
Angeles. J Applied Meteorology. 38(5): 607-616.

Jacobson, M. Z. (1999). Isolating nitrated and aromatic aerosols and nitrated aromatic gases as sources of ultraviolet
light absorption.J Geophys Res. I04(D3): 3527-3542.

Jacobson, M. Z. (1999). Studying  the effects of calcium and magnesium on size-distributed nitrate and ammonium
with EQUISOLVII. Atmos Environ. 33(22): 3635-3649.

Jaspers, I.,  J. M.  Samet,  et  al. (1999). Arsenite exposure  of cultured airway epithelial  cells activates kappaB-
dependent interleukin-8 gene expression in the absence of nuclear factor-kappaB nuclear translocation. J Biol Chem.
274(43): 31025-31033.

Kephart, T.  S.,  P. K. Dasgupta, et al. (1999). An affordable high performance pumping system for gradient capillary
liquid chromatography.J M/croco/umn Separations.  I 1(4): 299.

Kevrekidis,  P. G., M. Lazaridis, et al. (1999).  A unified kinetic approach to binary nucleation. J Chemical Physics.
I I 1(17): 8010-8012.

Kim, C. S. (1999). Deposition characteristics of aerosol particles in sequentially bifurcating airway models. Aerosol Sci
Techno!. 31: 198-220.
Kleeman, M. J., L. S.  Hughes, et al. (1999). Source  contributions to the size and composition distribution  of
atmospheric particles:  Southern California in September 1996. Environ Sci Techno!. 33:4331 -4341.

Kodavanti, L). P. and D. L. Costa (1999). Animal models to study for pollutant effects. In: Holgate, S. T., Samet, J.
M., Koren, H. L., Maynard, R. L., eds. Air Pollution andHealth. New York: Academic Press, 165-197.

Kodavanti, L). P., M. C. Jackson, et al. (1999). Lung injury from intratracheal and inhalation exposures to residual  oil
fly ash in a rat model of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. J Toxicol Environ Health. 57: 101-121.

Lambert, A. L., W. Dong, et al. (1999). Residual oil fly ash exposure enhances  allergic sensitization to  house dust
mite. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 158: 269-277.

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Lay, J. C., W. D. Bennett, et al. (1999). Cellular and biochemical response of the human lung after intrapulmonary
instillation of ferric oxide particles. AmJRespir Cell Mol Biol. 20(4): 63 I -642.

Liang, J.  and M. Z. Jacobson (1999). A study of sulfur dioxide oxidation pathways over a range of liquid water
contents, pH values, and temperatures.J Geophys Res. (D Atmos.)  I04(DII):  13749-13769.

Liao, D., J. Creason, et al. (1999). Daily variation of particulate air pollution and poor cardiac autonomic control in
the elderly. Environ Health Perspect.  107(7): 521 -525.

Madden, M. C., M. J. Thomas, et al.  (1999). Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) production in rodent lung after exposure to
metal-rich particles. Free Radical Biol Med. 26( I I -12):  1569-1577.

Mallina, R. V., A. S. Wexler, et al. (1999). High speed particle beam generation:  simple focusing mechanisms. J
Aerosol Sci. 30(6): 719-738.

Mondal,  K., J. S. Haskill, et  al. (1999). Adherence  and particulate pollution-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and
oxidant generation is neither necessary  nor sufficient for cytokine induction in human monocytes and alveolar
macrophages. AmJ Lung Cell Mol Biol. 22(2): 200-208.

Monn, C. and S. Becker (1999). Cytotoxicity and induction of proinflammatory cytokines from human monocytes
exposed to fine (PM25) and coarse particles (PM|0_25) in outdoor and indoor air. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 155(3): 245-
252.

Neas,  L. M., D. W. Dockery,  et al. (1999). Fine  particles and peak flow in children: acidity versus mass.  Epi-
demiology. 10(5): 550-553.

Neas, L. M., J. Schwartz, et al. (1999). A case-crossover analysis of air pollution and mortality in Philadelphia. Environ
Health Perspect.  107(8): 629-631.

Nenes, A., S. N. Pandis, et al. (1999). Continued development and testing of a newthermodynamic aerosol module
for urban and regional air quality models. Atmos Environ. 33( 10): 1553-1560.

Niedziela, R. F.,  M. L. Norman, et al. (1999). A temperature- and composition-dependent study, of H2SO4 aerosol
optical constants using  Fourier transform and tunable diode laser infrared spectroscopy. J Physical Chemistry A.
103(40): 8030-8040.

Oros,  D. R. and B. R.  T.  Simoneit (1999). Identification of molecular tracers in organic aerosols from temperate
climate vegetation subjected to biomass burning. Aerosol Sci Techno!. 3 1: 433-445.

Oros, D. R., L. J. Standley, et al. (1999).  Epicuticular wax compositions for predominant conifers of western  North
America. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung. 54C:  17-24.

Pietropaoli, A. P.,  I. B. Perillo, et al. (1999). Simultaneous measurement of nitric oxide  production by conducting
and alveolar airways of humans. J Appl Physiol. 87(4): 1532-1542.

Prahalad, A. K., D. K.  Manchester, et al. (1999). Human placental microsomal activation and DNA adduction by air
pollutants. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 62(1): 93-100.

Prahalad, A. K., J. M. Soukup, et al. (1999). Ambient air particles:  effects on cellular oxidant radical generation in
relation to particulate elemental chemistry. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol.  158(2): 81-91.

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Prahalad, A. K., J. M. Soukup, et al. (1999). Induction of cyclooxygenase 2 expression in rats exposed to residual oil
fly ash. Exp Lung Res. 26: 57-69.

Samet, J. M., R. Silbajoris, et al. (1999). Tyrosine phosphatases as targets in metal-induced signaling in human airway
epithelial cells. AmJ Respir Cell Mol Biol. 21 (3): 357-364.

Sedman, C. B. (1999). Controlling emissions from fuel and waste combustion. Chem Eng. January: 82-88.

Simoneit,  B. R. T. (1999).  A review of biomarker compounds as source indicators and  tracers for air pollution.
Environ Sci Pollution Res. 6(3): 159-169.

Simoneit,  B. R. T., J. J. Schauer, et al. (1999). Levoglucosan, a tracer for cellulose in biomass burning and atmos-
pheric particles. Atmos Environ. 33(2): 173-182.

Sioutas, C.,  E. Abt, et al. (1999). Evaluation of the measurement performance of the scanning mobility particle sizer
and aerodynamic particle sizer. Aerosol Sci Techno!. 30(1): 84-92.

Sioutas, C., P. Koutrakis, et al. (1999). Experimental investigation of pressure drop with  particle loading in nucle-
pore filters. Aerosol Sci Techno!. 30(1): 71-83.

Song, X. H., P. K.  Hopke, et al. (1999).  Classification of single particles  analyzed by ATOFMS  using an  artificial
neural network, ART-2A. Analytical Chemistry. 71 (4): 860-865.

Strader, R., F. Lurmann, et al. (1999). Evaluation of secondary organic aerosol formation  in winter. Atmos  Environ.
33: 4849-4863.

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