United States Office of Research and EPA/600/R-96/064
Environmental Protection Development May 1996
Agency Washington DC 20460
&EPA Report to Congress
The Science To Achieve
Results (STAR) Program
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EPA/600/R-96/064
May 1996
Report to Congress
The Science To Achieve Results
(STAR) Program
Office of Research and Development
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Washington, B.C. 20460
Printed on Recycled Paper
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Preface
The Office of Research and Development (ORD) has transformed itself during
the past two years to provide better science specifically targeted to meet the needs of
decisionmakers in the Environmental Protection Agency. As a part of that transforma-
tion, ORD has started the Science To Achieve Results (STAR) program - the focus of
this Report to Congress. This Report reflects the progress that we have made in con-
structing a new foundation for science and research in EPA that is: 1) based on risk and
our on ability to improve our risk assessments by reducing uncertainty, and 2) based on
our ability to contribute to better, and more cost-effective risk reduction.
As a part of this transformation, ORD has prepared a risk-based Strategic Plan.
In preparing this plan ORD has developed and applied human health and ecological
criteria to establish priorities for research and for scientific and technical support to the
Agency.
To further enhance this risk-based research approach, ORD has consolidated a
large number of laboratories and HQ offices and has organized itself around the risk
assessment paradigm. ORD has established an Effects Laboratory that integrates re-
search on human health and ecological effects, an Exposure Laboratory that integrates
research on stressors that affect both people and ecosystems, and a Risk Management
Laboratory that looks to develop better, more cost-effective methods for preventing
pollution, as well as for controlling and mitigating pollution when necessary. In addi-
tion, a newly created Risk Assessment Center will bring together the data from our
laboratories and the published scientific literature to develop credible, peer reviewed,
state-of-the-art risk assessments for the Agency, and will do research on improving risk
assessment methods.
In addition to consolidating the research laboratories, ORD has created an in-
house, intramural research and technical support program that allocates resources and
assigns ORD scientists to areas of highest risk and greatest importance to the Agency.
Finally, ORD has made a major commitment to include the best scientists from
this country's universities and non-profit centers in our research program to ensure the
highest possible quality of science. Applicants for STAR grants must propose relevant
research based on excellent science, as determined through external peer review by
experts drawn from throughout the national scientific community. Through a grants
program that is targeted to issues of importance to the Agency, ORD's goal is to meet
the specific science needs of the EPA, building on the scientific creativity of the
country's foremost research scientists.
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Contents
Introduction 1
The STAR Program 3
Relation of the STAR Program to the ORD Strategic Plan 5
Relation of the STAR Program to EPA Science Needs 7
Relation of the STAR Program to the EPA Laboratories 7
Relation of the STAR Program to other Federal Agencies 8
Appendices 10
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Introduction
In recent years, a number of groups have reviewed the issue of science at the
EPA and have come to remarkably similar conclusions. The Agency's independent
Science Advisory Board, two expert blue-ribbon panels convened by the National
Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Public Administration, and
several other independent groups all have emphasized the importance of science at
EPA and made many recommendations concerning its role and direction. (Appendix
1) As these groups affirmed, science provides the foundation for credible environmen-
tal decision-making.
In response, during the past two years there have been many organizational
and operational changes in ORD. These changes represent a significant departure
from the past. They are based on a set of strategic principles that draw upon the many
recommendations that we have received from outside groups in recent years. The
most important of these principles is the explicit use of risk to shape and focus our
organizational structure and research agenda.
ORD's Strategic Principles
1. Focus research and development on the greatest risks to people and the
environment, taking into account their potential severity, magnitude, and
uncertainty.
2. Focus research on reducing uncertainty in risk assessment and on cost
effective approaches for preventing and managing risks.
3. Balance human health and ecological research.
4. Give priority to maintaining the strong and viable scientific and engineer-
ing core capabilities that allow us to conduct an intramural research and
technical support program in areas of highest risk and greatest importance
to the Agency.
5. Through an innovative and effective human resources development pro-
gram, nurture and support the development of outstanding scientists and
engineers at EPA.
6. Take advantage of the creativity of the nation's best research institutions
by increasing competitively awarded research grants to further EPA's
critical environmental research mission.
7. Ensure the quality of the science that underlies our risk assessment and
risk reduction efforts by requiring the very highest level of independent
peer review and quality assurance for all our science products and pro-
grams.
8. Provide the infrastructure required for ORD to achieve and maintain
environmental science.
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The first major change in ORD was to reorganize ORD so that its new
structure mirrors the risk paradigm. This new structure is illustrated in Appendix 2.
ORD's Strategic Plan is the second major step. This plan, published for external and
internal peer review in November 1995, defines new strategic directions (including
ORD's vision, mission and goals) for ORD research, establishes a risk-based pro-
cess that will be used to determine future research priorities, describes how the
Strategic Plan is to be translated into a specific research program (including research
plans, operating plans, and laboratory implementation
plans), presents approaches to measuring success, and
describes ORD's commitment to the intramural and human
resources essential to implementing the Strategic Plan.
This plan has been used to develop the near-term priorities
for ORD research in FY 1997 - 1999, and to ensure that
current research (FY1996) is consistent with the goals and
objectives that are described.
ORD's Long-Term Goals
SEPA Strategic Plan for the
Office of Research and
Development
1. Develop scientifically sound approaches to assessing and characterizing
risks to human health and the environment.
2. Integrate human health and ecological assessment methods into a compre-
hensive multimedia assessment methodology.
3. Provide common sense and cost-effective approaches for preventing and
managing risks.
4. Provide credible, state-of-the-art risk assessments, methods, models and
guidance.
5. Provide reliable scientific, engineering, and risk assessment/risk manage-
ment information to private and public stakeholders.
6. Provide national leadership and encourage others to participate in identify-
ing emerging environmental issues, characterizing the risks associated with
these issues, and developing ways of preventing or reducing these risks.
One very important part of these changes was to ensure that ORD laborato-
ries had a consistent base to support a stronger and better intramural research pro-
gram. A second part was to recruit and engage the participation of the nation's best
scientists in the implementation of ORD's new research program in order to add the
creativity that leading researchers would bring. This infusion of expertise is to be
accomplished by the new STAR (Science To Achieve Results) Program.
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Science To Achieve Results (STAR) Program
A three component program:
I. Focused Requests for Applications (RFAs) which are targeted at specific research
topics defined by the ORD Strategic Plan and that address the science needs of the EPA
Program Offices and Regions. This component supports investigator initiated research
by universities and other not-for-profit research institutions that complements the
expertise in ORD laboratories. A portion of the program is conducted jointly with
other federal agencies.
2. The Exploratory Research Grants Program, has two parts. The first provides sup-
port for investigator initiated grants in broad areas such as environmental chemistry and
physics, health and ecological effects of pollution, that are not covered by the RFAs,
and the second, Early Career Research Awards supports outstanding scientists and
engineers at the onset of their research careers.
3. The Graduate Fellowship Program, provides support for master's and doctoral
students in environmental sciences and engineering. This program supports the devel-
opment of the Nation's environmental science and technology base for addressing
environmental concerns into the next century. This program is announced nationally,
providing broad opportunities to apply. Applicants are judged by external peer review-
ers and are selected based on their record and their potential for the future. It is meant
to recruit the "best and brightest" into environmental science and technology to serve
the full range of national workforce
needs - national, state and local
governments, EPA laboratories, as
well as industry, universities, and
others.
EPA ORD NCERQA Funding FY 1992-1995
(in millions): STAR program adds fellowships and
research opportunities in FY 1995
The STAR program complements
other competitive opportunities for
research funding. Within ORD, the
National Center for Environmental
Research and Quality Assurance
(NCERQA), responsible for STAR,
also manages the Environmental Re-
search Centers Program which sup-
ports competitively selected univer-
sities, or consortia of universities, that
focus long-term, multi-disciplinary
research on issues of broad concern
to EPA (In FY97 the Environmental Re-
search Centers will be added to the STAR
program). Other Research Centers,
such as the Hazardous Substances
Research Centers mandated by
CERCLA, and other Congressionally
mandated centers are also a part of
the National Center for Environmen-
tal Research and Quality Assurance.
25-
20
15
10
5-
0
L 1992
L1993
U1994
LM995
1995
1994
1993
1992
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The largest part of the STAR Program (item #1 on page three) is based on a
series of Requests for Applications (RFAs) that are developed by ORD together with
the EPA Program Offices and Regions. These RFAs are targeted to very specific
research needs that EPA has defined that support the efforts of the entire Agency and
are awarded only after very rigorous external peer review and internal relevancy
review. So, for example, in 1995 ORD requested proposals in areas such as:
Reducing Uncertainty in risk assessment and improving risk reduction
approaches
Human Health Risk Assessment
Indoor Air Quality in Large Office Buildings
Air Pollutants(Particulate Matter, Troposheric Ozone, and Toxics)
Regional Hydrologic Vulnerability
Exploratory research grant program
Chemistry and Physics of Air, and Water
Environmental Biology
Engineering
Socio-economics
Minority Institutions
Incentives and impediments to pollution prevention
National Science Foundation NSF/EPA partnership for Environmental
Research
Water and Watersheds
Technology for a Sustainable Environment
Valuation and Environmental Policy
Appendix 3 lists the grants awarded in Fiscal Year 1995.
In 1996, ORD is requesting applications in (See Appendix 4 for a more
complete description of the 1996 RFA's):
Ecological Assessment, including regional ecosystem protection and restora-
tion and global climate change
Exposure of Children to Pesticides
Air Quality, including tropospheric ozone, air toxics, and indoor air
Analytical and Monitoring Methods, including field analytical methods,
continuous measurement methods, and leachibility prediction
Drinking Water, including microbial pathogens and disinfection by-products
Environmental Fate and treatment of Toxics and Hazardous Wastes, including
fate and mobility of contaminants in soils and groundwater and the assess-
ment of risks of contaminated soils and treatment residuals
Environmental Statistics
High Performance Computing
Risk-based Decisions for Contaminated Sediments
Endocrine Disrupters
Role of Interindividual Variability in Human Susceptibility to Cancer.
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In addition, as in 1995, ORD has announced several RFAs together with the
National Science Foundation in:
Water and Watersheds
Technology for a Sustainable Environment, including Green Chemistry
Decision-making and Valuation for Environmental Policy
Also, in 1996, ORD, in cooperation with the National Science Foundation,
the Department of Energy, and the Office of Naval Research, has requested applica-
tions for research in Bioremediation.
STAR invites investigator-initiated proposals on these topics from scientists
in all eligible institutions across the Nation. Competitions for these grants are
announced widely through the Federal Register, Internet, university and scientific
organizations, and by direct mail, among other mechanisms. This enables the STAR
program to draw research ideas from virtually the entire scientific community.
Applicants for STAR grants must propose relevant research based on excellent
science, as determined through peer review by experts drawn from throughout the
national scientific community.
Relation of the STAR Program to the ORD Strategic Plan
The STAR Program is an important component of the new directions de-
scribed in the Strategic Plan for ORD. It is important to recognize, therefore, that
the STAR Program represents a mechanism for accomplishing the research objec-
tives in the plan and is not an independent, stand-alone program. The STAR Pro-
gram is derived from, and is a part of, the topic-specific research plans that are
currently being developed from the ORD Strategic Plan. Each such research plan,
such as for particulates in air or for disinfection byproducts in drinking water,
describes the specific research that must be done to provide the information that
EPA policy makers need in order to make decisions. These research plans are
written by Agency-wide work groups and undergo independent peer review. When
the plans are final, ORD then decides which work can best be accomplished with
the skills and expertise of the intramural staff, and which research is best accom-
plished through grants or other mechanisms. The specific Requests for Applications
in the STAR Program are thus written to be consistent with the ORD Strategic Plan
and research plans, and also to be complementary to the work done intramurally.
The ORD Strategic Plan lists the six highest priority areas for research for
the next few years:
Drinking water disinfection Ecosystem protection
Particulate matter in the air Endocrine disrupters
Human health protection Pollution prevention and new technologies
In each of these areas ORD is developing an extensive intramural research
program and a complementary extramural program.
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Cr
£?
Relationship of Requests for
Applications (RFA's) to ORD
Strategic Plan Priorities
,c-
-£?
"
£
£
I
e
f-t
^
,f
i£
Ecological Assessment, including regional
ecosystem protection and restoration and
global climate change
Exposure of Children to Pesticides
Air Quality, including tropospheric ozone, air
toxics, and Indoor air
Analytical and Monitoring Methods, including
field analytical methods, continuous mea-
surement methods, and leachibility predic-
tion
Drinking Water, including microbial pathogens
and disinfection by-products
Environmental Fate and treatment of Toxics and
Hazardous Wastes, including fate and
mobility of contaminants in soils and ground-
water and the assessment of risks of con-
taminated soils and treatment residuals
Environmental Statistics
High Performance Computing
Risk- based Decisions for Contaminated Sedi-
ments
Endocrine Disruptors
Role of Interindividual Variability in Human
Susceptibility to Cancer.
Water and Watersheds
Technology for a Sustainable Environment,
Including green chemistry
Decision-making and Valuation for Environ-
mental Policy
Bio remediation
*
*
O
O
*
*
*
O
*
0
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Relation of the STAR Program to EPA science needs
Agency-wide Research Coordinating Teams composed of people from
ORD, the Program Offices, and Regions develop topic-specific research plans.
These Teams use the EPA risk-based criteria in the ORD Strategic Plan to select the
most important research that is needed by the EPA. These decisions, reflected in the
topic-specific research plans, constitute the science needs of the Agency coupled
with an assessment of the likelihood that research can significantly reduce the
uncertainty in an Agency risk assessment, or that research could materially improve
the way that significant environmental risks are controlled or managed. The RFAs
are then written to cover a portion of the topic-specific plan. Proposals that are
received in response to an RFA undergo external peer review by independent scien-
tists. The reviews look only at the scientific and technical merit of the proposals and
how well they relate to the subject of the RFA. The highest ranked proposals are
then brought forward for consideration for EPA funding. An Agency-wide group
selects the proposals that best fulfill the Agency's science needs, and that also
complement the work being done intramurally in ORD laboratories.
To further ensure close coordination with the EPA Program Offices and
Regions, ORD has created the Research Coordinating Council composed of senior
managers and scientists from around the Agency to recommend and review topics
selected for research and RFAs.
Relation of the STAR Program to the EPA Laboratories
The STAR program has largely resulted in a realignment of the ORD invest-
ment in the academic scientific community, whereby more emphasis is placed on
competitively awarded, peer reviewed grants administered by the National Center
for Environmental Research and Quality Assurance, and less on cooperative agree-
ments funded through the laboratories. This realignment allows ORD scientists to
spend more time at the bench building a stronger in-house program. The STAR
program and the in-house program are thus complementary, finding their direction
in ORD's Strategic Plan.
The ORD Strategic Plan and the topic-specific Research Plans define the
long-term directions of the ORD research program, as well as the immediate re-
search that will be carried out during the next few years. The ORD laboratories then
prepare implementation plans that describe the intramural component of the re-
search, and complementary STAR program RFAs are prepared with laboratory
assistance.
The largest share of the ORD research dollars goes to support the staffing
and in-house research support needs of the ORD laboratories and centers. These
7
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intramural programs are supplemented by research and other services funded
through cooperative agreements and contracts by the laboratories.
The STAR Program has had little effect on contracts or on staffing in ORD.
For many years, ORD used Level-of-Effort contracts to support its intramural
research program. About five years ago, the EPA Inspector General, the General
Accounting Office, and the Congress questioned the extensive use of these types of
contracts in ORD. Consequently, ORD decided to scale back the use of these types
of contracts and to more fully support the intramural research program with EPA
staff. Since the decision to reduce Level-of-Effort contracts was made, ORD has
gone through a "one-time contractor conversion" to convert some of the contract
staff positions to EPA staff through an open and competitive process. This change is
reflected in the decrease in contracts from FY94 to FY95. In essence, the growth of
the STAR program has been accomplished largely through the re-direction of
cooperative agreements and inter-agency agreements.
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Cumulative Changes in Contracts, Coopera-
tive Agreements, STAR, and InterAgency
Agreements (1991 Base)
J Contracts
Coops
(STAR
MAGS
I I I I
O)
O)
(M
O)
O)
CO
O)
O)
Actual Expenditures in Contracts, Coopera-
tive Agreements, STAR, and InterAgency
Agreements ($s shown in thousands)
Contracts Coops STAR lAGs
1991 191 84 29 20
1992 193 108 39 27
1993 176 101 35 40
1994 172 109 40 66
1995 152 93 63 56
O)
O)
in
O)
O)
Relation of the STAR Program to other Federal Agencies
In addition to meeting the specific mission needs of the EPA, ORD has
found that it can significantly enhance the STAR program by funding research
jointly with other federal Agencies. This process allows very detailed integration of
research across a number of federal agencies, avoids duplication, and results in a
more cost-effective approach to meeting Agency goals by leveraging resources
across agencies. In 1995, ORD published three RFAs together with the National
Science Foundation, and after joint peer review and selection, the two agencies
funded research in several areas of common interest. In FY 1996, RFAs were once
again published together with the NSF, but in addition, RFAs were published to-
gether with the Department of Energy, and the Office of Naval Research.
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Topics for requests for assistance under STAR are chosen so as to avoid
duplicating the work of other Agencies such as the National Science Foundation and
the National Institutes of Health. During Fiscal Year 1995, almost half of the STAR
research grants activity was conducted jointly with the NSF guaranteeing closely
coordinated and non-overlapping use of resources in both Agencies. The other half of
the activity focused on environmental topics that fell outside the mission of the NSF
and otherwise did not receive substantial attention from NIH or other Agencies. In FY
1996, EPA is increasing its partnerships and is broadening its interactions with other
agencies to ensure that STAR funds are leveraged to meet the unique needs of EPA
policymakers.
Finally, it must be recognized that the STAR Program also allows EPA to
capitalize on people, facilities and funding already in place in outside institutions,
thus leveraging past and current investments by others. Rarely does a research grant
cover the full cost of a project. In addition, Requests for Applications can be focused
quickly on newly identified needs, and grants selected via competitive peer review
can be in place within 6-9 months. This meets the spirit of ORD's flexible, stream-
lined, responsive research approach.
Conclusion
ORD has embarked on a remarkable series of changes that are meant to
upgrade the quality of its research and include the broad academic science community
in an enhanced extramural program. These changes are being implemented in accord
with the Strategic Plan for ORD. As a part of this plan, ORD has for the first time
developed a set of risk-based criteria to use for making decisions about research to be
done and the resources to be allocated to such research.
Through the STAR program ORD is committing itself to including the best
scientists from the country's universities and non-profit research centers in our re-
search. Through the STAR Program ORD aims to ensure the highest possible science
quality in support of EPA decisions. In that part of the STAR Program that is targeted
to specific research areas, applicants must propose research in response to specific
Requests for Proposals that are developed to provide support to the EPA mission, and
that are based on the goals and criteria in the ORD Strategic Plan. Proposals must be
of the highest quality, as determined through external peer review by outstanding
scientists drawn from throughout the national scientific community.
These changes will, it is hoped, provide a much sounder science base for EPA
decisions, and a broad base of science and technology for states, local governments,
and others who implement EPA decisions.
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Appendices
1. ORD Response to Blue-Ribbon Panel Recommendations
2. New Risk-Based Organization
3. ORD's New Grant and Fellowship Awards by State
- 1995 Fellowship Awards by University
- 1995 Research Grant Awards by RFA Topic
4. ORD's 1996 Research Opportunities
10
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Appendix 1
ORD Response to Blue-Ribbon Panel Recommendations
Recommended Action
ORD Response
EPA should take steps to improve science
quality and enhance peer review.0-1
We instituted standard operating procedures for peer review in 1994.
To engage the nation's best research institutions, we expanded our program for
extramural research grants selected from competitive, peer-reviewed proposals.
We created a Peer Review Division in our National Center for Environmental
Research and Quality Assurance.
ORD needs a coherent research-planning
process, a robust mission statement, and a
vision statement. c.d.1J
We developed the ORD Strategic Plan (this document) and distributed it for
comment in November 1995.
We implemented a risk-based research planning process.
We realigned ORD's organizational structure to use risk assessment and risk
management as principal priority-setting criteria.
ORD should enhance environmental
education programs for training the next
generation of scientists.a.d>e
We initiated an expanded graduate fellowship program, with 100 awards in 1995.
ORD should streamline its existing
laboratory organization by collapsing the
twelve laboratories into four national
laboratories.d.f.h
We consolidated ORD laboratories into three national laboratories and two centers
in 1995 to align laboratories according to risk assessment and risk management
components.
ORD should improve its management
systems to track planning resources and
accomplishments.^11
We are developing the ORD Management Information System to track resources
and projects on an ORD-wide basis.
We established a Management Council, a Science Council, and (together with the
program offices and regions) a Research Coordination Council (see Appendix C of
this Strategic Plan).
We will conduct annual research program reviews to evaluate the status and
accomplishments of our research.
We are developing research plans to inform internal and external audiences about
the policy relevance, specific objectives, technical approaches, and expected
products of our research.
ORD should balance short-term and long-
term research.a>e-gJ
In 1995, we created the Science To Achieve Results (STAR) Program of peer-
reviewed investigator-initiated grants relevant to ORD's mission.
As described in this Strategic Plan, we give equal consideration to short- and long-
term research needs in our priority-setting process.
ORD should balance health and ecological
research.3.0
We have adopted a balance between ecological risks and human health risks as a
major strategic principle (see Table 1 of this Strategic Plan).
We appointed Laboratory Associate Directors for Health and Ecology for each
national laboratory.
EPA should designate ORD's Assistant
Administrator (AA/ORD) as the Agency's
Chief Scientific Officer J
The EPA Deputy Administrator appointed the AA/ORD as EPA's Scientific and
Technical Activities Planner in March 1995.
EPA must improve its capability to
anticipate environmental problems.3
EPA signed an agreement in 1995 with the National Research Council to establish
a group to review environmental issues for the next decade and recommend
necessary research.
^Future Risk: Research Strategies for the 1990s. U.S. EPA, Science Advisory Board. 1988.
^Reducing Risks: Setting Priorities and Strategies for Environmental Protection. U.S. EPA, Science Advisory Board. 1990.
^Safeguarding the Future: Credible Science, Credible Decisions. Report of the Expert Panel on the Role of Science at EPA. U.S. EPA. 1992.
^Environmental Research and Development: Strengthen the Federal Infrastructure. The Carnegie Commission. 1992.
^Research to Protect, Restore, and Manage the Environment. National Research Council. 1993.
^Assessment of the Scientific and Technical Laboratories and Facilities of the U.S. EPA. MITRE Corporation. May 1994.
SAn SAB Report: Review of the MITRE Corp. Draft Report on the EPA Laboratory Study. U.S. EPA Science Advisory Board/Research Strategy Advisory
Council. May 1994.
h^4 Review, Evaluation and Critique of a Study of EPA Laboratories by the MITRE Corporation and Additional Commentary on EPA Science and
Technology Programs. National Academy of Public Administration. June 1994.
^Setting Priorities, Getting Results: A New Direction for EPA. National Academy of Public Administration. April 1995.
^Interim Report of the Committee on Research and Peer Review in EPA. National Research Council. March 1995.
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Appendix 2
New Risk-Based Organization
The Office of Research and
Development Organization
Office of
Resource
Management and
Administration
Assistant Administrator 1
Research and Developmt
Deputy Assistant Deputy A<
Administrator for Administn
Management Scien
For h
jnt I
>sistant 1
a tor for 1
ce 1
Office of Science
Policy
Office of Research
and Science
Integration
1 1 1
National Health
and
Environmental
Effects
Research
Laboratory
Developmental
Toxicology
Division (RTP, NC)
_ Environmental
Toxicology
Division (RTP, NC)
Environmental
Carcinogenesis
Division (RTP, NC)
_ Neurotoxicology
Division (RTP, NC)
Humsn Studios
Division (RTP, NC)
Gulf Ecology
Division (Gulf
Breeze, FL)
Mid-Continent
Ecology Division
(Duluth, MN)
Western Ecology
Division
(Corvallis, OR)
_ Atlantic Ecology
Division
(Narragansett, Rl)
National National
Exposure Center for
Research Environmental
Laboratory Assessment
- Communications - NCEA RTP, NC
and Liaison Staff Office
(Washington, DC) _
\V\sL-f-\
Atmospheric Washington,
Processes DC Office
Research Division Mm A
(RTP, NC) ^CEA . , ,
v ' Cincinnati, OH
Air Measurements Office
Research Division
(RTP, NC)
_ Atmospheric
Modeling Division
(RTP, NC)
~~ Air Exposurs
RSSGQrch DlVISIOn
(RTP, NC)
Human Exposure
Research Division
(Cincinnati, OH)
~~ Ecological
Research Division
f Oinf innafi Ol-l^
\\j\\ ICII II Idll, {Jri)
Characterization
Research Division
(Las Vegas, NV)
National Risk
Management
Research
Laboratory
/
Water Supply and
Water Resources
Division
(Cincinnati, OH)
Land Remediation
and Pollution
Control Division
(Cincinnati, OH)
Sustainable
Technology
Division
(Cincinnati, OH)
Air Pollution
Prevention and
Control Division
(RTP, NC)
Subsurface
Protection and
Remediation
National
Center for
Environmental
Research and
Quality
Assurance
Environmental
Engineering
Research Division
(Washington, DC)
Environmental
Sciences Research
Division
(Washington, DC)
Quality Assurance
Division
(Washington, DC)
Peer Review
Division
(Washington, DC)
Division (Ada, OK)
Technology
Transfer and
Support Division
(Cincinnati, OH)
Technology
Coordination Staff
Ecosystems (Washington, DC)
Research Division
(Athens, GA)
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Appendix:
ORD's New Grant* and Fellowship Awards by State
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US EPA Graduate Fellowship Awards for the 1995-1996 Academic Year
National Center for Environmental Research and Quality Assurance
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - WASHINGTON D.C. 20460
UNIVERSITY
EPA FELLOW
DEPARTMENT
DISCIPLINE
DEGREE SOUGHT
Buffalo, U. of
California State University
California, U. of, Berkeley
California, U. of, Berkeley
California, U. of, Berkeley
California, U. of, Davis
California, U. of, Irvine
California, U. of, Riverside
California, U. of, San Diego
California, U. of, Santa Barbara
Carnegie Mellon University
Carnegie Mellon University
Chicago, U. of
Chicago, U. of
Chicago, U. of
Cincinnati, U. of
Clarkson University
Clarkson University
Colorado State University
Colorado State University
Colorado, U. of
Colorado, U. of
Colorado, U. of
Connecticut, U. of
Connecticut, U. of
Connecticut, U. of
Cornell University
Cornell University
Cornell University
Cornell University
Cornell Univer ity
Cornell University
Cornell University
Duke University
Duke University Medical Center
Florida State University
Florida, U. of
Georgia, U. of
Illinois, U. of, Chicago
Illinois, U. of, Urbana
DiTommaso, Jill E.
Ellison, Homer 0.
Schuher, Andrew J.
Holzberg, Steven P.
Boyd, William C.
Loge, III, Frank J.
Pearson, Alison C.
Dobo, Krista L.
Francis, Christopher A.
Evens, Terence J.
Chess, Karen L.
Welch, Edward S.
Myers, Tanya L.
Shonle, Irene K.
Mendelsohn, Betsy T.
Blasio, Christopher J.
Marsteiner II, Edward L.
Payne, Tamara H.
Brechtel, Fredrick J.
Champlin, Tory L.
Carson, Katherine S.
Miller, John B.
Bowling, David R.
Goldstein, Paul Z.
Rolfhus, Kristofer R.
Craddock, Cheryl L.
Carpi, Anthony
Brown, Geoffrey A.
Glueck, Susan B.
Sobozak, William V.
Nelson, Yarrow M.
VanderGheynst, Jean S.
Bayer, Lorna E.
Andrews, Jeffrey A.
Reuther, Gary W.
Byrd, Tracy C.
Grain, David A.
Schoeffner, Daniel J.
Kenski, Donna M.
Brent, Robert N.,
Department of Civil Engineering
Department of Biological Sciences
Department of Civil Engineering
Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Mgmt.
Energy and Resources Group
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department of Community and Environmental Medicine
Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program
Scripps Institute of Oceanography
Department of Biology
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Department of Social and Decision Sciences
Department of Chemistry
Department of Ecology and Evolution
Department of History
Department of Environmental Health
Depanment of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department of Mathematical Sciences
Department of Atmosphere Science
Department of Civil Engineering
Department of Economics
Department of Chemistry
Dept. of Environ., Population, and Organismic Biology
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Department of Marine Science
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Field of Environmental Toxicology
Department of Soil, Crop, and Atmospheric Science
Department of Entomology
Department of Ecology and Systematics
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering
Department of Psychology
Department of Botany
Department of Pharmacology
Department of Geology
Department of Zoology
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
Department of Civil Engineering
Engineering
Ecology
Engineering
Health
Social Sciences
Engineering
Health
Health
Ecology
Ecology
Engineering
Social Sciences
Chemistry
Ecology
Social Sciences
Earth
Engineering
Mathematics
Earth
Engineering
Social Sciences
Chemistry
Earth
Ecology
Earth
Ecology
Chemistry
Chemistry
Ecology
Ecology
Engineering
Engineering
Social Sciences
Ecology
Health
Earth
Ecology
Health
Chemistry
Ecology
MS
MS
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
MS
MS
MS
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
MA
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
MS
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
MS
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
MS
-------
US EPA Graduate Fellowship Awards for the 1995-1996 Academic Year
National Center for Environmental Research and Quality Assurance
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - WASHINGTON D.C. 20460
UNIVERSITY
EPA FELLOW
DEPARTMENT
DISCIPLINE
DEGREE SOUGHT
Illinois, U. of, Urbana
Indiana University
Iowa State University
Iowa State University
Johns Hopkins University
Maryland, U. of, College Park
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Massachusett Institute of Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Massachusetts Institute of Technobgy
Massachusetts, U. of
Michigan State University
Michigan State University
Michigan, U. of, Ann Arbor
Michigan, U. of, Ann Arbor
Michigan, U. of, Ann Aroor
Michigan, U. of, Ann Arbor
Minnesota, U. of
Minnesota, U. of
Minnesota U. of
Nebraska-Lincoln, U. of
Nevada, U. of, Reno
New Mexico Highlands University
New Mexico State University
New York University Medical Center
North Carolina State University
North Carolina, U. of, Chapel Hill
Northwestern University
Oklahoma, U. of
Oregon State University
Oregon State Universty
Oregon State University
Oregon State University
Pennsylvania State University
Pittsburgh, U. of
Pittsburgh, U. of
Rhode Island, U. of
Rice University
Rice University
Rutgers University
Dillner, Ann M.
Schmucker, Mary B.
Simmons, Carol L.
Kruger, Ellen L.
Ehlers, Laura J.
Warner, Kimberly A.
Zhang, Jie
Hart, Constance A.
Adamkiewicz, Gary
Hamilton, James A.
Pines, David S.
Yavich, Aleander A.
Tay, Eugene Michael
Kibbey, Tohren C.
Li, Susanna P.
McEuen, Amy B.
Santoro, Nicholas
Cronlund, Sarah L.
Reinke, Patricia H.
Otterson, Julie R.
Raschko-Mueller, Jennifer L.
Marchand, Eric A.
Presley, Richard W.
Strand, Allan E.
Matheson, Joanna M.
Penmetsa, Phanendrakumar V.
Raynor, Peter, C.
Wade-Benzoni, Kimberly A.
Pearce, Terri A.
Spicer, Rachel
Hairston, Anne B.
Scheck, Heather J.
Purdy, Kathleen G.
Parson, Shane C.
Guelcher, Scott A.
Goldman, Radoslav
Audette, Charles T.
Bradford, John H.
Lahsen, Myanna H.
Dey, Markus P.
Department of Civil Engineering Engineering Ph.D.
School of Public and Environmental Affairs Social Sciences MS
Department of Entomology Ecology MS
Department of Entomology Health Ph.D.
Department of Geography and Environmental Engineering Engineering Ph.D.
Marine, Estuarine and Environmental Sciences Program Ecology Ph.D.
Department of Earth, Planetary and Atmospheric Sciences Earth Ph.D.
Department of Biology Ecology Ph.D.
Department of Chemical Engineering Engineering Ph.D.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Social Sciences S.M.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Engineering Ph.D.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Engineering MS
Program in Epidemiology Health MS
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Engineering MS
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Engineering MS
School of Natural Resources and Environment Ecology Ph.D.
Department of Biological Chemistry Health Ph.D.
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Ecology MS
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Earth Ph.D.
Department of Ecology Evolution and Behavior Ecology Ph.D.
Department of Mathematics and Statistics Mathematics Ph.D.
Department of Civil Engineering Engineering MS
Department of Chemistry Chemistry MS
Department of Biology Ecology Ph.D.
Program of Environmental Health Science Health Ph.D.
Department of Toxicology Ecology Ph.D.
Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Engineering Ph.D.
Department of Organizational Behavior Social Sciences Ph.D:
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Health Ph.D.
Department of Forest Products and Forest Science Ecology MS
Department of Forest Engineering Earth Ph.D.
Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Ecology Ph.D.
Department of Statistics Mathematics Ph.D.
Department of Agricultural and Biobgical Engineering Engineering MS
Department of Chemical Engineering Engineering MS
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Health Ph.D.
Department of Botany Ecology MS
Department of Geology and Geophysics Earth MA
Department of Anthropology Social Sciences Ph.D.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Health Ph.D.
-------
US EPA Graduate Fellowship Awards for the 1995-1996 Academic Year
National Center for Environmental Research and Quality Assurance
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - WASHINGTON D.C. 20460
UNIVERSITY
EPA FELLOW
DEPARTMENT
DISCIPLINE
DEGREE SOUGHT
Rutgers University
South Carolina, U. of
Stanford University
Stanford University
Stanford University
SUNY at Buffalo
SUNY at Stony Brook
Texas A&M University
Texas, U. of, Austin
Texas, U. of, Austin
Texas, U. of, Dallas
Virginia Poly. Tech. Institute
Washington State University
William and Mary, College of
Wisconsin, U. of, Madison
Wisconsin, U. of, Madison
Wisconsin, U. of, Madison
Yale University
Yale University
Yale University
Hamel, Stephanie L.
Schelkat, Christian E.
Abrams, Robert H.
Ziegler, Alan D.
Cunningham, Jeffrey A.
Russell, Kevin T.
Griscom, Sarah B.
Wells, Mona C.
Boughton, David A.
Williamson, Derek G.
Gamble, Janet L.
Diz, Harry R.
Call, Douglas R.
Chasey, Michael L.
Holloway, Susan A.
Fisher, Janet M.
Ripp, Sharon L.
Beard, Karen H.
Kull, Christian A.
Meyerson, Frederick A.
Exposure Measurement and Assessment Division
Department of Environmental Health Sciences
Department of Geology and Environmental Science
Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences
Department of Civil Engineering
Department of Civil Engineering
Marine Sciences Research Center
Department of Chemistry
Department of Zoology
Department of Civil Engineering
School of Social Sciences
Department of Civil Engineering
Department of Zoology
Department of Physical Sciences
Water Chemistry Program
Department of Zoology
Environmental Toxicology Center
School of Forestry and Environmental Sciences
School of Forestry and Environmental Studies
Schod of Forestry and Environmental Studies
Health
Ecology
Earth
Earth
Engineering
Engineering
Ecology
Chemistry
Ecology
Engineering
Health
Engineering
Ecology
Chemistry
Chemistry
Ecology
Health
Ecology
Earth
Ecology
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
MS
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
MS
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
MS
Ph.D.
Ph.D.
-------
1995 US EPA Research Grant Awards by Request for Application (RFA) Topic
National Center for Environmental Research and Quality Assurance
OFFICE OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT - WASHINGTON D.C. 20460
EPA Contact: Deran Pashayan 202-260-2606
Principal Investigator
Department/Institution
Grant Title
Funding($)/
Project Period
Harvey E. Jeffries
Dept. of Environmental Sciences & Engineering
Univ. of North Carolina (NC)
Lester Kobzik
School of Public Health
Harvard Univ. (MA)
Beverly S. Cohen
Inst. of Environmental Medicine
New York Univ. Medical Center (NY)
Jana B. Milford
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Univ. of Colorado-Boulder (CO)
Spyros N. Pandis
Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Carnegie Mellon Univ. (PA)
Gregory J. McRae
Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MA)
Mechanistic Studies of Isoprene
and Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Cellular Mechanisms of Pulmonary
Inflammation by Environmental Particles
Distribution of H+ and Trace
Metals in Ultrafine Ambient Aerosol
Quantification of Uncertainty
in Air Quality Models used for
Analysis of Ozone Control Strategies
Development and Testing of a
State-Of-The-Art PMx Particulate
Module for Regional and Urban
Photochemical Models
Advanced Infrared Laser Remote
Sensing Techniques to Monitor On-Road
NOx Emissions from Motor Vehicles
450,000/3
546,895/3
589,560/3
426,223/3
412,041/3
374,080/3
EPA Contact: Clyde Bishop 202-260-5727
Principal Investigator
Department/Institution
Grant Title
Funding($)/
Project Period
Frederic Y. Bois
Lawrence Berkeley Lab.
Univ. of California (CA)
Physiologically-Based Population
Pharmacokinetie Models for Risk
Assessment
68,633/1
-------
Ian L. Pepper
Dept. of Soil & Water Sciences
Univ. of Arizona (AZ)
Louise M. Ryan
School of Public Health
Harvard Univ. (MA)
Patricia M. Rodier
Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynecology
Univ. of Rochester (NY)
Hebert L. Dupont
School of Public Health
Univ. of Texas, Health Science Center (TX)
Louis J. Guillette
Dept. of Zoology
Univ. of Florida (FL)
Brenda Eskenazi
School of Public Health
Univ. California-Berkeley (CA)
Suresh H. Moolgavkar
Public Health Sciences Division
Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (WA)
PCR Based Detection of Cyto- 227,258/3
pathogenic and Non-cytopathogenic Viruses in Water
Statistical Methods for Non-Cancer 386,267/3
Risk Assessment
Role of Developmental Neurotoxicity 629,456/3
in Austin
Virulence Factors of Geographically 550,323/3
Diverse Cryptosporidium and Infective Dose in Humans
Contaminant-Induced Changes in 407,679/3
Hepatic Steroid Hormone Degradation
Endometriosis and Dioxin Exposure of 426,554/3
Females of Seveso
Biologically-Based Dose Response 387,615/3
Model for Cancer Risk Assessment
EPA Contact: Deran Pashayan 202-260-2606
Principal Investigator
Department/Institution
Grant Title
Funding($)/
Project Period
Stephen J. Reynolds
Dept. of Preventive Medicine & Environmental Health
Univ. of Iowa (1A)
John D. Spengler
School of Public Health
Harvard Univ. (MA)
Harriet A. Burge
School of Public Health
Harvard Univ. (MA)
Indoor Air Quality in Large
Office Buildings in the Midwest
A Study of Ozone Concentration Gradients in
Large Buildings Including an Examination of
Indoor Chemistry, Ventilation, Occupant
Health Effects and Effects on HVAC Systems
Bioaerosols, Health and Productivity
in a Large Office Building
635,257/3
425,708/3
439,035/3
-------
EPA Contact: Barbara Levinson 202-260-5983
Principal Investigator
Department/Institution
Grant Title
Funding($)/
Project Period
Heinz G. Stefan
Dept. of Civil Engineering
Univ. of Minnesota (MN)
Dennis P. Lettenmaier
Dept. of Civil Engineering
Univ. of Washington (WA)
L. Ruby Leung
Atmospheric Processes Group
Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratory (WA)
J. Wayland Eheart
Dept. of Civil Engineering
Univ. of Illinois-Urbana (IL)
Kris Wernstadt
Quality of the Environment Division
Resource for the Future (DC)
David R. DeWalle
Environmental Resources Research Inst.
Pennsylvania State Univ. (PA)
Brenton M. Yarnal
Dept. of Geography
Pennsylvania State Univ. (PA)
Alteration of Water Availability,
Water Quality, and Fish Habitat
in Cold Regions by Climatic Change
Improved Methods for Assessment of
Hydrologic Vulnerability to Climate Change
The Influence of Global Climate
Change on Mountain Water Resources
Vulnerability of Water Resources to Global Climatic
Change in the Agricultural Mid-West Ecological,
Economic, and Regulatory Aspects
The Vulnerability of Low Income Households to the
Hydrologic Effects of Climate Change
Regional Streamflow Sensitivity
to Climate Change in an Urbanizing Environment
Regional Hydrologic Vulnerability and Adaptation
to Climate: An Integrated Assessment of the
Susquehanna River Basin
300,000/3
463,762/3
500,000/3
380,610/3
440,000/3
120,000/3
460,000/3
EPA Contact: Gregory Ondich 202-260-5747
Principal Investigator
Department/Institution
Grant Title
Funding($)/
Project Period
Kathy Heller
Center for Economics Research
Research Triangle Inst. (NC)
Robert Gottlieb
Lewis Center for Regional Policy Studies
Univ. of California-Los Angeles (CA)
Encouraging Innovation Through
Umbrella Permitting
Evaluation and Demonstration of
Wet Cleaning Alternatives to
Perchloroethylene-Based Garment Care
239,998/2
75,008/2
-------
Joan Mahon
Graduate School of Management
Rutgers Univ.-Piscataway (NJ)
Kevin Rackstraw
American Wind Energy Assoc. (DC)
Don Fullerton
Dept. of Economics
Univ. of Texas-Austin (TX)
Sara Clement
Inst. of Advanced Manufacturing Sciences (OH)
Craig Diamond
National Sanitation
Foundation International (Ml)
Albert C. Gray
Water Environment Federation (VA)
Thomas Bierma
Dept. of Health Sciences
Illinois State Univ., Normal (IL)
Lawrence Boyd
NIST Great Lakes Manufacturing Technology Center
Cleveland Advanced Manufacturing Program (OH)
Randall D. Forsythe
Dept. of Geography & Earth Sciences
Univ. of North Carolina-Charlotte (NC)
Mark Sharfman
College of Business Administration
Univ. of Oklahoma-Norman, Norman (OK)
Karen Holmes
International Inst. For Energy Conservation (DC)
Jonathan Bair
Maryland Center for Environmental Training
Charles County Community College (MD)
Terri Goldberg
Northeast Waste Management Officials'Assoc. (MA)
Demanufacturing Partnership Program 200,000/2
Located at Rutgers University - Newark
Wind Energy Assessment in China 159,922/2
A Framework to Compare Policies for 88,784/2
Source Reduction
Pollution Prevention Technology Transfer 259,284/2
for the Printing Industry
Encouraging Industry Environmental Technology 187,802/2
Innovation Through the Implementation of
Environmental Management Systems
Preparation of Pollution Prevention and Socio-economic 100,000/2
Monographs Using the EPA Common Sense Initiaitive
and the Design for the Environment Program
P2 I ncentive Contracts: En h a n ci ng 199,964/2
Diffusion of P2 Technologies in the
Metal Plating Industry
Pollution Prevention Assistance in 245,000/2
Automotive Supply Chain
Development of Model Pollution Prevention 180,000/1
Diffusion Partnership for Small Business
Regulation, Business, and Sustainable Development: 244,955/2
The Management of Environmentally Conscious
Technological Innovation Under Alternative Market Conditions
Accessing Overseas Markets: Energy Efficiency and 240,000/2
Appliance Labelling in Asia and Latin America
Provide P2 Technical Assistance Training 119,824/1
Literature and Videos to Small and Medium-Sized
Business in Key Waste Generating Sectors
Pollution Prevention Information Dissemination 160,000/2
Printing Project
-------
Daryl Ditz
World Resources Inst. (DC)
Barry Bozeman
School of Public Policy
Georgia Inst. Of Technology (GA)
Alfred Marcus
Strategic Management Research Center
Univ. of Minnesota-Minneapolis (MN)
Policy Frameworks to Stimulate Environmental
Technology in the Computer and Electronics Sectors
Assessing Compliance Burden from Implementation
of CAAATitle V Permitting Rules and Regulations
Advising, Monitoring, and Evaluating a Minnesota
Pollution Control Agency Pilot Project for Flexible,
Multi-Media Permitting
240,000/2
240,000/2
255,000/2
m
EPA Contact: Gregory Ondich 202-260-5747
Principal Investigator
Department/Institution
Grant Title
Funding($)/
Project Period
Leo Paquette
Dept. of Chemistry
Ohio State Univ. (OH)
Douglas C. Cameron
Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Univ. of Wisconsin (Wl)
Mary Rezac
Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Georgia Tech (GA)
Robert Sievers
Cooperative Inst. For Research in Environmental Sciences
Univ. of Colorado-Boulder (CO)
Bala Subramaniam
Dept. of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering
Univ. of Kansas (KS)
Alan Russell
Chemical & Petroleum Engineering Dept.
Univ. of Pittsburgh (PA)
Joan Brennecke
Chemical Engineering Dept.
Univ. of Notre Dame (IN)
Opportunities Offered by Indium-
Promoted Carbon Bond Forming
Reactions in Water
Fermentation of Sugars to 1,2
Propanediol by Clostridium
thermosaccharolyticium
High-Yield Membrane Reactors
Replacement of Organic Solvents
by Carbon Dioxide for Forming
Aerosols in Coating Processes
Coking and Activity of Solid-Acid
Alkylation in Supercritical Reaction Media
Biocatalyst of Polymers in Carbon
Dioxide
Phase Equilibria of CO2-Based
Reaction Systems
300,000/2
160,000/2
269,999/3
200,000/2
220,000/3
150,000/3
100,000/2
-------
Yinlun Huang
Dept. of Chemical Engineering & Material Science
Wayne State Univ. (Ml)
Intelligent Decision Making and
System Development for Comprehensive
Waste Minimization in the Electroplating Industry
100,000/2
EPA Contact: Gregory Ondich 202-260-5747
Principal Investigator
Department/Institution
Grant Title
Funding($)/
Project Period
Nicholas E. Flores
Dept. of Economics
Univ. of Colorado-Boulder (CO)
David S. Brookshire
Dept. of Economics
Univ. of New Mexico (NM)
Carol A. Mansfield
School of the Environment
Duke Univ. (ND)
William Schulze
Dept. of Agricultural, Resource & Managerial Economics
Cornell Univ. (NY)
Thomas Dietz
Dept. of Sociology & Anthropology
George Mason Univ. (VA)
Richard T. Carson
Dept. of Economics
Univ. of California-San Diego (CA)
Clifford S. Russell
Dept. of Economics
Vanderbilt Univ. (TN)
Graham Davis
Dept. of Economics & Business
Colorado School of Mines (CO)
Baruch Fischoff
Dept. of Social & Decision Sciences
Carnegie Mellon Univ. (PA)
Environmental Values and National 43,395/1 1/2
Economi c Accou nts: A Theoreti cal I nq u i ry
Preference Formation and Elicitation 184,998/2
in Valuing Non-Market Goods
Improving Willingness to Accept Responses 51,402/1 1/2
Using Alternative Forms of Compensation
Can Contingent Valuation Measure Passive Use Values 381,150/2
Social Psychology of Stated Preference 179,990/2
Comparative Studies of Approaches 265,000/2
Eliciting Economic Values
Innovations in the Valuation of 139,327/2
Ecosyste ms: A Forest Ap p I ication
Valuing the Stock and Flow of 101,000/2
Mineral and Renewable Assets in
National Income Accounting
Eliciting Environmental Values: 99,987/2
A Constructivist Approach
-------
Gordon Rausser
Dept. of Agricultural & Resource Economics
Univ. of California-Berkeley (CA)
James J. Opaluch
Dept. of Resource Economics
Univ. of Rhode Island (Rl)
Ronald G. Cummings
Policy Research Center
Georgia State Univ. (GA)
Alan Krupnick
Resources for the Future (DC)
Deriving Biodiversity Option Value Within 80,000/2
a Model of Biotechnology Research
and Development
Developing Conjoint Stated Methods 125,972/2
for Valuation of Environmental
Resources Within Their Ecological Context
Valuing Environmental Damages With Stated Preference 113,856/1
Methods: New Approaches that Yield Demonstrably
Valid Values for Non-Priced, Environmental Goods
Mortality Risk Evaluation and Stated 114,822/1
Preference Methods: An Experimental Study
EPA Contact: Barbara Levinson 202-260-5983
Principal Investigator
Department/Institution
Grant Title
Funding($)/
Project Period
Robert Costanza
Chesapeake Biological Lab.
Univ. of Maryland (MD)
Linda A. Deegan
Ecosystems Center
Marine Biological Lab. (MA)
David L. Freyberg
Dept. of Civil Engineering
Stanford Univ. (CA)
Steven I. Gordon
Dept. of City and Regional Planning
Ohio State Univ. (OH)
Stanley B. Grant
Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering
Univ. of California-Irvine (CA)
Nelson G. Hairston
Section of Ecology & Systematics
Cornell Univ. (NY)
Integrated Ecological Economic 1,000,000/3
Modeling and Valuation of Watersheds
Tracing the Fate of Nitrogen Inputs 230,000/2
from Watersheds to Estuaries
Diffusion Rate Limitations in Heterogeneous Porous 198,0003/3
Media: Model Structure, Scale and Ecologic Characterization
Integrated Planning, Forecasting, and Watershed 445,500/3
Level Ecological Risk Assessment Techniques: A Test
in the Eastern Cornbelt Plains Ecoregion of Ohio
Norwalk Virus-like Particles (VLPs) for 627,067/3
Studying Natural Ground water Disinfection
The Role of Long-lived Zooplankton Diapausing Eggs 350,000/3
Response and Recovery of Impacted Lakes
-------
George M. Hornberger
Dept. of Environmental Sciences
Univ. of Virginia (VA)
Hiram W. Li
Dept. of Fisheries & Wildlife
Oregon State Univ. (OR)
Patricia F. McDowell
Dept of Geography
Univ. of Oregon (OR)
Mary C. K. Estes
Division of Molecular Biology
Baylor College of Medicine (TX)
David E. Lincoln
Dept. of Biological Sciences
Univ. of South Carolina (SC)
Judith L. Meyer
Inst. of Ecology
Univ. of Georgia (GA)
Francois M. M. Morel
Dept. of Geological & Geophysical Sciences
Princeton Univ. (NJ)
Gary Parker
St. Anthony Falls Hydraulic Lab.
Univ. of Minnesota (MN)
Carlos E. Puente
Land, Air & Water Resources Hydrologic Science Program
Univ. of California-Davis (CA)
Edella C. Schlager
School of Public Administration & Policy
Univ. of Arizona (AZ)
Mark D. Sobsey
Dept. of Environmental Sciences & Engineering
Univ. of North Carolina-Chapel Hill (NC)
The Role of Colloidal Particles in the Transport of 500,000/3
Chemicals Through an Agricultural Watershed
Geomorphic, Hydrologic and Ecological 754,863/3
Connectivity in Columbia River Watersheds:
Implications for Endangered Salmonids
Geomorphic, Hydrological and Ecological 136,100/3
Connectivity in Columbia River Watersheds:
Implications for Endangered Salmonids
Norwalk Virus-like Particles (VLPs) for Studying 72,933/3
Natural Groundwater Disinfection
Resistance of Communities to Chronic Haloaromatic 465,300/3
Contamination by Biogenic and Anthropogenic Sources
Influences of Watershed Land Use on Stream Ecosystem 500,000/3
Structure and Function
The Role of Hg (II) Reduction and Chemical 349,950/3
Speciation in Controlling the Concentration of
Mercury and its Methylation in Natural Waters
Formation and Propagation of Large-Scale Sediment 280,000/3
Waves in Periodically Disturbed Mountain Watersheds
Modeling Temporal Rainfall Via a Fractal Geometric 198,000/3
Approach
A Comparative Institutional Analysis of Conjunctive 198,000/3
Management Practices Among Three Southwestern States
Detecting Fecal Contamination and its Sources in 400,000/3
Water and Watersheds
-------
Robert Jan Stevenson
Dept. of Biology
Univ. of Louisville (KY)
David G. Tarboton
Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering
Utah State Univ. (UT)
Albert J.Valocchi
Dept. of Civil Engineering
Univ. of Illinois-Urbana (IL)
David S. White
Hancock Biological Station
Murray State Univ. (KY)
Tadashi Yoshinari
School of Public Health
SUNY-Albany (NY)
Jurgen Schmandt
Center for Global Studies
Houston Advanced Research Center (TX)
An Ecoregion-Specific Comparison of Stream Community 376,200/3
Responses to Nutrient Gradients Using Both Survey
and Experimental Approaches
Scaling Up Spatially Distributed Hydrologic Models 330,000/3
of Arid Watershed
Traveling Wave Behavior During Subsurface Transport 200,000/3
of Biologically Re-active Contaminants:
Implications for in sjtu Bioremediation
A Comparison of Agriculture vs. Forested Basins: 300,000/3
Carbon and Nutrient Cycling within the Hyporheic
Ecotone of Streams
in situ Assessment of the Transport and Microbial 346,500/3
Consumption of Oxygen in Groundwater
Water and Sustainable Development in the Binational 700,00/2
Lower Rio Grande/Bravo Basin
EPA Contact: Deran Pashayan 202-260-2606
Principal Investigator
Department/Institution
Grant Title
Funding($)/
Project Period
Mark Thiemens
Dept. of Chemistry
Univ. of California, San Diego (CA)
Steven D. Gardner
Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Mississippi State Univ. (MS)
Mark Jacobson
Dept. of Civil Engineering
Stanford Univ. (CA)
Thomas Hard
Dept. of Chemistry
Portland State Univ. (OR)
The Measurement of the Oxygen
Isotopic Composition of Tropospheric
Ozone
An Investigation of the Gas Sensing
Properties of a Novel Managnese-
Oxide Supported Gold Catalyst
Proposal to Further Research, Develop,
and Apply an Air Pollution Model System
Atmospheric Free-Radical Measurements
Related to Photochemical Oxidants in
Urban Air
211,727/3
98,580/2
325,700/3
276,323/2
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Jeffrey C. Weil
Cooperative Inst. for Research in Environmental Sciences
Univ. of Colorado-Boulder (CO)
Liaquat Husain
Wadsworth Center for Labs and Research
New York State Dept. of Health (NY)
Spyros N. Pandos
Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Carnegie Mellon Univ. (PA)
Jeffrey L. Collett
Dept. of Atmospheric Science
Colorado State Univ. (CO)
Murray Johnston
Dept. of Chemistry Biochemistry
Univ. of Delaware (DE)
Bernd Simoneit
College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences
Oregon State Univ. (OR)
Daniel J. Jacob
Dept. of Atmospheric Chemistry
Harvard Univ. (MA)
Lagrangian Modeling of Pollutant
Dispersal in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Tracer Studies of SO2 in Clouds
Formation and Physical Properties
of Secondary Organic Aerosol
Effects of Non-Uniform Cloud Drop
Composition of Pollutant Trans-
formation and Removal in Winter Clouds
Speciation of Volatile and Reacting
Compounds in Particulate Matter
Organic Tracers of Plant Classes in
Biomass Combustion and Smoke in Aerosols
Human Influence on Ozone in the Tropical
Troposphere: An Interpretation of Observations
Using a Global Three-Dimensional Model
164,473/2
335,659/3
382,668/3
339,273/3
334,455/3
196,244/2
395,000/3
EPA Contact: Clyde Bishop 202-260-5727
Principal Investigator
Department/Institution
Grant Title
Funding($)/
Project Period
Franklin R. Hall
Ohio Agricultural Research & Development Center
Ohio State Univ. (OH)
Howard S. Ramsdell
Dept. of Environmental Health
Colorado State Univ. (CO)
Michael Plewa
Inst. for Environmental Studies
Univ. of Illinois (IL)
Reducing Pesticide Application Rates
by Elucidating the Pesticide Dose-
Transfer Process
Biomarkers and Effects of Estrogenic
Chemicals in Frogs
Isolation and Characterization of Plant-
Activated Environmental Arylamines
264,163/3
145,360/2
290,170/3
10
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Eva J. Pell
Environmental Resources Research Inst.
Pennsylvania State Univ. (PA)
David L. Bushbee
Dept. Anatomy & Public Health
Texas A&M Univ. (TX)
Francois M. M. Morel
Dept. Geological Sciences
Princeton Univ. (NJ)
Chen S. Lee
Dept. of Chemistry
Iowa State Univ. (IA)
David H. Hinton
School of Veterinary Medicine
Univ. of California-Davis (CA)
David A. Stahl
Dept. of Civil Engineering
Northwestern Univ. (IL)
Abdul Matin
Dept. of Microbiology & Immunology
Stanford - Univ. (CA)
Ronald S. Tjeerdema
Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry
Univ. of California-Santa Cruz (CA)
Michael R. Hyman
Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology
Oregon State Univ. (OR)
Steven K. Schmidt
Dept. of Environmental Population & Organismic Biology
Univ. of Colorado-Boulder (CO)
William H. Benson
Department of Pharmacology
Univ. of Mississippi (MS)
Genetically-Engineered Potato Plants which 390,984/3
do not Produce Ozone-Induced Ethylene
Physiological Effects of Pollutants in 412,890/3
the Bottlenose Dolphin
Microbial Transformations of Arsenic in 322,982/3
Anoxic Waters
Capillary Immunophoresis for Environmental 260,580/3
Monitoring
Linkage of Stress Proteins and Alterations: A Laboratory 388,578/3
and Field Investigation
Integrating Molecular and Bio-chemical 406,372/3
Techiques to Characterize Adaptation
Mechanisms of Anaerobic Microbes
Use of Pseudomonas Starvation Promoters 401,960/3
in In-Situ Bioremediation
Determination of the Relative Sensitivity 294,218/3
of the Northern Elephant Seal and other
California Pennipeds to the Toxic Effects to PCB's
Aerobic Cometabolilsm of Ether-Bonded 358,953/3
Compounds
The Effect of Anthropogenic Nitrogen on 329,280/3
the Functioning of Alpine and Subalpine
Ecosystems: Nitrogen Cycling and Trace Gas Fluxes
Environmental Xenoestrogens and 198,495/2
Reproductive Toxicity in Fish
11
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David B. Herbst
Sierra Nevada Aquatic Research Lab.
Univ. of California-Santa Barbara (CA)
Dorothy E. Schumm
Dept. of Medical Biochemistry
Ohio State Univ. (OH)
Anne-Marie Stopm
Forestry Dept.
North Carolina State Univ. (NC)
Lilly R. Young
AgBiotech Center
Rutgers Univ. (NJ)
Stanley J. Opella
Dept. of Chemistry
Univ. of Pennsylvania (PA)
Roger M. Nisbet
Dept. of Biological Sciences
Univ. of California-Santa Barbara (CA)
John H. Andrews
Plant Pathology Dept.
Univ. of Wisconsin (Wl)
James T. Oris
Dept. of Zoology
Miami Univ. (FL)
Harrish C. Sikka
Great Lakes Lab.
SUNY-Buffalo (NY)
Charles D. Rice
College of Veterinary Medicine
Mississippi State Univ. (MS)
Mark E. Hahn
Biology Dept.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Inst. (MA)
Evaluation of Range-Land Stream Condition and Recovery 236,431/3
Using Physical and Biological Assessment of Non-Point
Source Pollution: Studies Under Different Grazing
Management Practices
Use of a Tumor Marker to Monitor 285,022/3
Exposure to Aquatic Pollutants in
the Brown Bullhead
Genetic Improvement of Duckweed 143,962/2
(Lemna Gibba) Wastewater Treatment
Anaerobic Biotransformation of 345,979/3
Pesticides in Near Coastal
Environments
NMR Structural Studies of Mercury 358,161/3
Transport Proteins
A Framework for Predicting the 360,037/3
Effects of Environmental Change
on Populations
Detectio n, Qu a ntifi cation, and 401,130/3
Biogeography of Microbes in
Ecosystems
Ecological Assessment of the Phototoxic 450,000/3
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Fluoranthene
in Freshwater Systems
Comparative Metabolism of 400,642/3
Unsubstituted and Methylated
The Immunotoxicity of Combined 244,456/3
TBT and Coplanar PCB Exposures in Fish
Cultured Fish Cells as Model Systems 252,790/2
for Studying Mechanisms of Dioxin Toxicity
12
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John Stegeman
Biology Dept.
Woods Hole Oceanographic tnst. (MA)
Mohamed Faisal
School of Marine Science
College of William & Mary (VA)
Catalytic Function of Expressed
Teleost Cytochrome P4501A
Effects of Metals on Detoxification,
Carcinogenicity, and Immunotoxicity
251,946/2
449,794/3
EPA Contact: Bala Krishnan 202-260-2613
Principal Investigator
Department/Institution
Grant Title
Funding($)/
Project Period
Carl R. F. Lund
Chemistry Engineering Dept.
SUNY-Buffalo (NY)
Mark M. Benjamin
Dept. of Civil Engineering
Univ. of Washington (WA)
Richard I. Stressel
Dept. of Civil Engineering
Univ. of South Flordia (FL)
Marc A. Edwards
Dept. of Civil, Environmental & Architectural Engineering
Univ. of Colorado-Boulder (CO)
Richard B. Timmons
Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry
Univ. of Texas-Arlington (TX)
P. Somasundaran
School of Mines
Columbia Univ. (NY)
Richard L. Corsi
Center for Research in Water Resources
Univ. of Texas-Austin (TX)
Theodore C. Crusberg
Dept. of Biology & Biotechnology
Worcester Polytechnic Inst. (MA)
Using Membrane Reactors to Reduce
the Generation of Waste Products
Investigation and Optimization of Dual
Coagulation Processes
Waste Liner Compatibility Studies Using
Comprehensive Testing System for Geo-
Membrane Liners
Arsenic Removal by Softening and
Coagulation
A Novel New Approach to Detoxification
of Polychlorinated Solvents a Waste-to-
Useful Fuel Conversion Technology
Fundamental Studies on Management of Industrial
Sludges - Enhanced Flocculation of fine Particle
Suspensions by Manipulation of Polymer Conformation
VOC Emissions from Sewers: Process
Drains and Drop Structures
Biomineralization of Heavy Metals
Within Fungal Mycelia: A New Technology
for Bioremediation of Hazardous Wastes
193,389/2
254,064/3
182,621/1
244,426/3
303,082/3
293,370/3
271,896/3
278,295/3
13
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Daniel W. Armstrong
Chemistry Dept.
Univ. of Missouri-Rolla (MO)
Pericles Stavropoulos
Dept. of Chemistry
Boston Univ. (MA)
Carl D. Palmer
Dept. of Environmental Science & Engineering
Oregon Graduate Institute of Science & Technology (OR)
Richard L. Valentine
Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering
Univ. of Iowa (IA)
Pedro J.Alvarez
Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering
Univ. of California-Davis (CA)
Jeanie L. Darby
Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering
Univ. of California-Davis (CA)
Charles M. King
Environmental Systems Engineering
Clemson Univ. (SC)
Steven S.C. Chuang
Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Univ. of Akron (OH)
Ashok Mulchandani
Dept. of Chemical Engineering
University of California Riverside (CA)
Ronald K. Hanson
Dept. of Mechanical Engineering
Stanford Univ. (CA)
James A. Smith
Dept. of Civil Engineering & Applied Mechanics
Univ. of Virginia (VA)
Pollution Prevention and Enhancement of
Biodegradability Via Isomer Elimination Products
Biomeinetic Oxidation of Hydrocarbons
Related Bioremediation Processes
Attenuation of Chromium in Alkaline
Chromium Substitution in Etringites and
C4AH1Z - Monosulfates
Characterization and Kinetics of Contaminant
Oxidation and Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition
in Presence of Subsurface Material
Biostimulation of BTX Degradation with
Environmentally Benign Aromatic Substrates
Influence of Biocolloids and Biocolloidal
Structure on the Dewaterability of
Anearobically Digested Sludge
Catalytic Dehalogenationof PCBs and
Pesticides in Supercritical Fluids
Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide
Application of Surface Expressed
Phosphotriesterase for Detoxification and
Monitoring of Organophosphorus Pesticides
Multiplexed Diode-Laser Gas Sensor System
for In-Situ Multi-Species Emissions
Measurements
Simulation of Kinetic Sorption and
Desorption of TCE and Surfactant in
Groundwater at Picatinny Arsenal, NJ
267,000/3
284,297/3
176,630/2
189,242/3
246,342/3
132,678/2
189,104/2
280,211/3
293,794/3
187,691/2
79,969/1
14
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EPA Contact: Virginia Broadway 202-260-7664
Principal Investigator
Department/Institution
Grant Title
Funding($)/
Project Period
Vladimir M. Shalaev
Physics Dept.
Univ. of New Mexico (MN)
Gregory A. Ahern
Dept. of Zoology
Univ. of Hawaii (HI)
Maria E. Alvarez
Dept. of Biological Sciences
Univ. of Texas-El Paso (TX)
Rafael Arce
Dept. of Chemistry
Univ. of Puerto Rico-Rio Piedras (PR)
Govind S. Nadathur
Dept. of Marine Sciences
Univ. of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez (PR)
Howard G. Adams
Dept. of Engineering
Univ. of Notre Dame (IN)
Raul G. Cuero
CARC
Prairie ViewA&M Univ. (TX)
Radition Scattering by Fractal
Clusters in Aerosols
Cellular Mechanisms of Heavy Metal
Detoxification in Crustaceans
Reversible Inactivation of Viruses
in Ground water
Product Formation and Identification
in the Photo Degradation of PAH in
Models of Atmospheric Particulate
Molecular Probes for Bacterial
Vectors in Ciguatera Sea Food
Poision
Administration and Development
of a Traineeship Program for
Culturally Diverse Graduate Students
Optimization of Oil Biodegradation
by Mixed Bacterial and Fungal
Populations
155,609/2
420,636/3
144,581/2
254,723/3
222,569/3
3,000,000/3
125,035/2
EPA Contact: Gregory Ondich 202-260-5747
Principal Investigator
Department/Institution
Grant Title
Funding($)/
Project Period
Douglas L. Anderton
Dept. of Sociology
Univ. of Massachusetts (MA)
A National Evaluation of Equity in
Hazardous Waste Sites
263,470/2
15
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Stan L. Albrecht
Inst. for Health Policy Research
Univ. of Florida (FL)
David Ziberman
Dept. of Agricultural & Resource Economics
Univ. of California-Berkeley (CA)
Katherine T. McClain
Dept. of Mineral Economics
Pennsylvania State Univ. (PA)
Joseph A. Herriges
Dept. of Economics
Iowa State Univ. (IA)
Anna Alberini
Quality of the Environment Division
Resources for the Future (DC)
Paul A. Sabatier
Division of Environmental Studies
Univ. of California-Davis (CA)
Max A. Pfeffer
Dept. of Rural Sociology
Cornell Univ. (NY)
Low-Level Radioactive Waste Siting- 295,891/2
Towards the Development of More
Effective Policy through Understanding Failure
The Microeconomy of Chemical Use 368,908/3
on Residential Landscapes
Undesirable Facilities and Political 64,381/1
Boundaries: Neighborhood Dynamics
and House Prices
The Robustness of Welfare Estimates 87,912/2
for Environmental Goods from Discrete
Choice Recreational Demand Models
Estimating Ownership and Use of 50,000/1
Older Cars
Coalition Formation and Stability in Environmental Policy: 158,226/2
Testing a Revised Version of Advocacy Coalition
Framework on San Francisco Bay/Delta Water Policy
Public Opinion on Environment and 371,317/3
Water Quality Management in the
New York City Watershed
EPA Contact: Barbara Levinson 202-260-5983
Principal Investigator
Department/Institution
Grant Title
Funding($)/
Project Period
Susan Powers
Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering
Clarkson Univ. (NY)
Jennifer A. Field
Dept of Agricultural Chemistry
Oregon State Univ. (OR)
Mukul M. Sharma
Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Univ. of Texas-Austin (TX)
Reformulated Gasoline: Transport
and Clean-up of Spills to the
Subsurface
lon-Pair/Supercritical Fluid
Extraction and Derivation for
Polar Organic Pollutant Analysis
NMR Imaging of Biofilm Growth in
Porous Media
240,479/3
364,424/3
449,760/3
16
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Linda B. McGown
Department of Chemistry
Duke Univ. (NC)
Douglas G. Capone
Chesapeake Biological Lab.
Univ. of Maryland (MD)
Martin Reinhard
Dept. of Civil Engineering
Stanford Univ. (CA)
Ray von Wandruszka
Dept. of Chemistry
University of Idaho (ID)
Chonmiao Zheng
Dept. of Geology
Univ. of Alabama (AL)
J. Houston Miller
Dept. of Chemistry
George Washington Univ. (DC)
Constantinos V. Chrysikopoulos
Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering
Univ. of California, Irvine (CA)
Jean-Marc Bollag
Environmental Resources Research Institute
Pennsylvania State Univ. (PA)
Gamani R. Jayaweera
Dept. of Land, Air & Water Resources
Univ. of California-David (CA)
Dianne A. Blake
Dept. of Ophthalmology
Tulane Univ. (LA)
Robert J. Hurtubise
Dept. of Chemistry
Univ. of Wyoming (WY)
Spectral Characterization of
Humic Substances
Importance of Reductive
Dechlorination in Chesapeake
Bay Sediments: Role of Sulfate Reduction
Analysis of Halogenated Organic Particle-Scale
Desorption Via Column Studies and 13C Solid
State NMR Spectroscopy
The Secondary Structure of Humic
Acid and its Environmental Implications
A Global Optimization Approach
for Parameter Identification in
Contaminant Transport Modeling
Nitrogen Deposition onto Aqueous Media:
Quantitative Diagnostics, Laboratory
Measurements, and Model Developments
Dissolution Kinetics of Single and
Multicomponent NAPL Pools in
Saturated Three-Dimensional Porous Media
Oxidative Coupling as a Cause of
Substitutent Release from Aromatic Pollutants
Redox Status and Degradation Kinetics of
RepresentativeTriazine and Urea Herbicides in
Soil-Water Systems
Quantitation of Heavy Metals by
Immunoassay
Solid-Matrix Luminescence Analysis
ofB(a)P-DNAAdducts
332,309/3
242,538/3
274,835/3
323,920/3
118,996/2
182,227/3
315,368/3
401,838/3
364,941/3
362,823/3
413,055/3
17
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Appendix 4
Peter W, Preuss, Center Director - Jack Puzak, Deputy Director - Melinda Mclanahan, Associate Director for Science
The Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Research
and Development, during 1996, has been accepting
research grant applications in the following 16 areas.
Ecological Assessment (a two-pan solicitation)
Regional Ecosystem Protection and Restoration: This solici-
tation requests research that ultimately will reduce the uncer-
tainty in conducting ecological assessments at multiple eco-
logical scales - watershed scale, regional scale, and national
scale assessments. The research is intended to improve the
Agency's ability to: a) monitor the current and changing con-
ditions of ecological resources from which success or failure
of the ecosystem can be judged without bias; b) understand
more fully the structure and function of ecosystems in order to
develop improved management options; c) develop models to
predict the response of ecosystems to changes resulting from
human-induced stress from which possible ecosystem man-
agement strategies can be assessed; and d) assess the ecologi-
cal consequences of management actions so that
decisionmakers can best understand the outcomes of choosing
a particular management strategy.
The second part of this solicitation, Global Climate Change:
seeks research proposals that address regional scale vulner-
abilities in the United States to global climate change (e.g.,
Southeast, GreatPlains, andU.S. Caribbean or Pacific Islands)
with an integrative emphasis. Proposals should be based on,
and use, existing data and assessments when appropriate. Con-
sortia of broadly-based inter-disciplinary researchers are en-
couraged to address areas of concern, such as (but not limited
to) the following: a) development and demonstration of an in-
tegrated assessment methodology that can provide a frame-
work and a process for organizing and interpreting diverse sets
of technical, social, and economic information to support policy
decision-making; b) ecological and hydrological responses in
the coastal zones, lakes, and rivers due to changes in sea level
and precipitation, and associated impacts on habitats, water
supply, natural resources (forest/agricultural products, com-
mercial recreational fisheries, tourism), and public health (in-
creased incidence and area! spread of vector-and water-borne
diseases) caused by climate change; c) economic assessment
of impacts and relative risk of climate change versus other
anthropogenic stressors.
Closing Date: 3/15/96.
Contacts: Robert Menzer, 260-5779
(menzer.robert@epamail.epa.gov); Barbara Levinson,
260-5983 (levinson.barbara@epamail.epa.gov)
Exposure of Children to Pesticides: TMS solid
tation seeks research on children's cumulative exposure to pes-
ticide classes such as, but not limited to, pyrethroids, cholinest-
erase inhibitors, and triazine herbicides, using a method that
treats children as a unique sub-population and not simply as
"small adults." Grant proposals should address one or more of
the following topics related to children's exposure: 1) Devel-
opment of approaches for assessing children's exposure to the
pesticides of interest via multiple pathways and routes (e.g.,
inhalation, dietary and non-dietary ingestion, and dermal con-
tact). This research should emphasize age-related differences
and characteristics of child behavior in dietary habits, hand-
to-mouth activities, and contact with contaminated surfaces
and objects. 2) Research that evaluates and compares children's
-------
exposures to pesticides resulting from various sources (e.g.,
agricultural food application, residential lawn treatment, in-
door residential uses, pet uses) and apportions the exposure
and potential dose. 3) The development of methods for assess-
ing cumulative exposures to specific classes of pesticides. This
should include methods to determine the temporal nature of
various sources and the resulting impact on exposure.
Closing Date: 3/1/96.
Contact: Chris Saint, 260-1093
(saint. chris@epamail. epa. gov)
All QlKlMty This solicitation is multi-part, covering Tropo-
spheric Ozone, Urban Air Toxics, Great Waters Air Toxics Load-
ings, Ecological Effects, and Indoor Air Quality research.
Tropospheric Ozone: 1) Laboratory studies to elucidate the
products formed during the oxidation of biogenic VOCs and
aromatic VOCs under atmospheric conditions, the reactions of
olefins with Os and NOs, and the reactions of OH radicals with
higher molecular weight alkanes and alkenes. 2) Laboratory
studies of the kinetics and stoichiometry of reactions of high
molecular weight organic peroxy radicals, and the reaction of
peroxy radicals withNOX forming organic nitrogen reservoirs.
3) Smog chamber and modeling studies to develop advanced
mechanistic models for atmospheric oxidant formation.
4) Laboratory investigations of the role of heterogeneous and
aqueous-phase processes on gas-phase oxidant production and
nitrogen oxides/nitrate chemistry.
Modeling Research: 1) Studies to explore boundary layer tur-
bulence, vertical mixing, and cloud processes and their inter-
actions with atmospheric chemistry. 2) Research to develop
and test quantitative techniques for assessing errors or uncer-
tainties in physical and chemical processes (e.g., meteorology,
deposition, photochemistry, and emissions) that affect concen-
tration estimates from ozone air quality modeling systems.
3) Studies to develop and test innovative techniques to evalu-
ate the functioning of physical and chemical processes in ozone
air quality modeling systems. 4) Monitoring and observations-
based approaches to investigate the photochemical ozone prob-
lem and evaluating/developing emissions control strategies; use
of existing SOS databases to develop/test approaches. 5) stud-
ies to develop and diagnostically evaluate emissions-based
modeling which focuses on interactions of urban area and point
source plumes with the surrounding regional atmosphere; use
of existing SOS databases for model development and evalua-
tion. 6) Research to develop air pollution prediction systems to
provide real-time forecasting of ozone air quality.
Ambient Measurement and Analysis Methods: 1) Studies that
may lead to new, more sensitive techniques for ambient mea-
surement, on short time scales, of chemically-significant trace
gases (e.g., ozone, hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, carbon-
yls, and key radical species) participating in the photochemis-
try of ozone. 2) Development of innovative in-situ and re-
mote-sensing measurement methods for using ambient con-
centration and meteorological measurements in assessing the
potential ozone response to local changes in precursor emis-
sions/concentrations. 3) Instrument methods development
studies or development of innovative data analysis techniques
applicable to PAMS (Photochemical Assessment Monitoring
Stations) objectives for cost-effective and accurate monitor-
ing.
Emissions: 1) Studies of biochemical and physiological fun-
damental mechanisms linking seasonal and other significant
variations in biogenic VOC emissions from important genera;
field studies to assess the validity of the newly proposed mecha-
nisms. 2) Development of improved algorithms for biogenic
ozone-precursor emissions estimation. 3) Research, develop-
ment, and field assessments of tunable laser or other fast re-
sponse techniques for remotely measuring ozone precursor
emissions from fugitive emission concentration fields and from
on-road, in-operation mobile source emissions. 4) Studies that
explore the sub-grid scale uncertainties of representing urban
and point source emissions within air quality modeling sys-
tems.
Air Toxics
The proposals submitted in response to this area will provide
data valuable for both residual risk determinations and the ur-
ban area source strategy.
Urban Air Toxics: There is almost no direct observational evi-
dence (i.e., epidemiologic data) linking health effects and am-
bient HAPs exposures. In part, this is due to limited exposure
methods and data and the expense of adequate epidemiologic
studies. Recently developed epidemiologic approaches may be
useful in overcoming some of the traditional difficulties in this
area, e.g., biomarkers, new statistical methods. A need exists
to address the risks that may be posed by toxic contributions to
the effects of urban mixtures ("urban soup") and/or risks that
may be posed by individual and mixtures of toxic chemicals
from large sources of pollution. EPA is seeking answers to the
following key questions: Are there public health risks that re-
sult from a) exposures to recurrent acute exposures from both
point and area sources, b) chronic exposures from individual
facilities or the combined exposures from multiple facilities,
and c) mixtures which impact the same or different organ sys-
tems? Can susceptible subpopulations be identified that are at
increased risk due to higher exposures or biological sensitivi-
ties? What are the emissions of air toxic pollutants from sources
of concern in urban areas?
To answer these questions EPA seeks research that uses a multi-
disciplinary approach to investigate source identification and
characterization, exposure characterization (modeling/monitor-
ing), and characterization of health outcomes as related to ex-
posure. Research that addresses all three topics in an integrated
study is preferred; however, source characterization for air
toxics and epidemiology (health and exposure) can be consid-
ered separately. No consideration will be given to proposals
that address only health or exposure.
Great Waters Air Toxics Loadings: Research is needed to re-
duce the uncertainty in estimating the contribution of atmo-
spheric transport and deposition to overall loadings of toxic
substances in the Great Lakes and the Chesapeake Bay. Work
-------
to date has focused principally on the transport and fate of
mercury compounds in their different phases. Additional work
has addressed polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and pesticides. Much of the
work has centered on the Chicago and Baltimore urban areas
in the Lake Michigan and Chesapeake Bay regions, respec-
tively. The Agency is interested in proposals to reduce uncer-
tainties in estimating the atmospheric transport and deposition
of hazardous air pollutants into Great Waters regions. Specifi-
cally, proposals are requested for research devoted to different
Great Waters regions or other hazardous air pollutants in the
Lake Michigan and Chesapeake Bay regions.
Ecological Effects: Natural ecosystems are comprised of a
mix of interacting species that compete for resources as they
complete their life cycles. Ecosystems are exposed to a range
of atmospheric pollutants that occur both singly and in combi-
nation. Individual plant response to pollutant stress varies by
species, stage of development, and the presence of other stresses
(e.g., insect and fungal pathogens, nutrient stress, water stress).
However, individual species response to air pollution is not
always reflective of overall ecosystem response since individual
species respond differently depending on their competitive
environment. Therefore, ecosystem sensitivity to pollutant
stress is complex and needs to be studied across broad spatial
and temporal scales. Research to evaluate ecosystem response
to pollutant stress is needed to address a number of questions
in several areas:
1) How does vegetation respond to co-occurring natural and/
or anthropogenic stresses?
2) How does intra-and interspecific competition affect indi-
vidual plant response to air pollutant stress?
3) How does stage of plant development and timing of pollut-
ant exposure affect species response to air pollutants?
4) How do long-lived species, exposed to pollutants year after
year, integrate pollutant damage over time?
5) What is the response of the plant community exposed to air
pollutant stress?
6) What are appropriate indicators of ecosystem response to
air pollution?
Indoor Air Quality
EPA is seeking proposals targeted at techniques to reduce in-
door exposures to biocontaminants. EPA is particularly inter-
ested in studies to determine the effects of environmental fac-
tors such as temperature, humidity, dust level, air velocity, and
substrate materials on the deposition, amplification, and dis-
semination of biological contaminants including fungi and dust
mites. High priority research areas include 1) factors control-
ling the dust mite population in the indoor environment, 2) the
influence of substrate and relative humidity on colonization of
toxic fungi, and 3) factors controlling dissemination of fungal
contaminants.
Closing Date: 3/15/96.
Contact: Deran Pashayan, 260-2606
(pashayan.deran@epamail.epa.gov)
Analytical and Monitoring Methods The pur-
pose of the program is to advance measurement science by
stimulating research on radically new approaches to solving
environmental monitoring problems. In evaluating proposals,
EPA will favor research that is likely to solve real world moni-
toring problems.
Field Analytical Methods: Measurement technologies that can
be used in the field to permit more rapid decision making, elimi-
nate packaging and shipping samples to distant laboratories,
and yield more information for less money are urgently needed.
Such technologies need to be portable, yield real time (i.e.,
within 4 hours) data, rugged, sensitive, and suitable for the
wide variety of samples that are commonly analyzed (e.g., in-
dustrial wastes, industrial waste waters, incinerator stack emis-
sions) and, if possible, be able to measure multiple pollutants
simultaneously. In addition to the aforementioned applications,
rapid field tests are also needed by personnel confronted with
responding to crisis situations (e.g., spills and accidents). Ex-
amples of what is meant by field-portable, rapid results moni-
toring methodology include the recently developed and com-
mercialized immunochemistry-based assays and hand-held X-
ray fluorescence spectrometers.
Continuous Measurement Methods: Major improvements in
waste process/treatment control and environmental decision-
making could be made if more accurate, less costly, more rug-
ged techniques were available which would yield continuous,
or at least intermittent, data on pollutant concentrations in en-
vironmental media. Some monitoring situations where current
methodology is known to be inadequate include the follow-
ing: 1) Toxic metal (particularly mercury) and/or organic com-
pound emissions from high temperature, complex matrix
sources such as incinerators. 2) Release of volatile compounds
from complex point sources or area sources (e.g., tanks, pipes,
valves, landfills, contaminated soils) under ambient conditions.
3) Toxic chemical concentrations in the air over a defined area
such as a hazardous waste site, an industrial facility, etc.
4) Organic and inorganic toxicants in municipal and industrial
waste water on a continuous basis to eliminate the need to
overengineer waste treatment facilities to ensure compliance
with regulatory standards. 5) Deposition or emission flux of
toxic air pollutants, especially semivolatile pollutants that ex-
ist both in the gas phase and on paniculate matter. 6) Continu-
ous measurement of the mass of inhalable paniculate matter
(PM2.5 and PM10), semi-volatile organic toxicants, and
NEUNCb in the air, not including the particle-bound water in
the weight of material measured. 7) Continuous mass mea-
surements of particle-bound water in airborne paniculate mat-
ter (PM2.5 and PM10).
Leachability Prediction: Current methods for determining the
leaching potential of waste materials are designed for deter-
mining whether a waste poses a hazard to ground water under
specific improper disposal situations. These methods are not
appropriate for assessing risk under other management situa-
tions. In order to better assess the potential risk posed by wastes
under real world land management conditions and, therefore,
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permit the design of more cost-effective land management fa-
cilities, new methods are needed for characterizing the poten-
tial for toxic materials to migrate from waste materials that are
destined for land management. One group of materials that pose
a particular problem are those wastes that contain either a highly
viscous or a non-newtonian liquid phase.
Closing Date: 3/1/96.
Contact: David Friedman, 260-3535
(friedman. david@epamail. epa.gov)
UlinKiny Water This solicitation invites research grant
applications in two areas: 1) Microbial Pathogens in Drinking
Water Systems, and 2) Drinking Water Disinfection By-prod-
ucts (DBFs). The incidence of waterborne disease in the U.S.
is highly uncertain. While the health effects caused by patho-
gens in drinking water are generally known, limited informa-
tion is available on the doses and conditions that produce ef-
fects. Also, little is known about the extent to which bacterial
growth in the distribution system is a cause of waterborne ill-
ness. Research is needed in the following areas: 1) Current
methods for measuring Cryptosporidium and Giardia frequently
produce inaccurate and highly variable recovery data, in part
due to the small volume of water that can be practically ana-
lyzed. This has contributed to considerable uncertainty about
the health risks associated with exposure to drinking water
containing Cryptosporidium and Giardia. as has the lack of
information about the viability of cysts and oocysts found in
drinking water systems. Research is needed to develop practi-
cal, low cost, accurate, and specific methods to identify and
quantify viable pathogenic cysts and oocysts in raw and fin-
ished drinking water systems. 2) Dose-response models have
been developed for Cryptosporidium parvura Giardia. and sev-
eral waterborne viruses; however, the validity of these models
at low doses is unknown. Research is needed to evaluate the
reliability of existing models at low dose exposures and whether
dose response models developed with animals can be trans-
lated to the existing human models. 3) Research is needed to
develop an understanding of the risks associated with expo-
sure to primary waterborne pathogens (e.g., Giardia.
Cryptosporidium. and enteric viruses) as a function of such
susceptibility factors as age, nutrition, protective immunity, and
behavioral patterns.
Drinking Water Disinfection By-products: Public water sys-
tems disinfect drinking water with chlorine or alternate disin-
fectants. While chlorine reduces microbial risk, the use of chlo-
rine creates new potential risks from disinfection by-products
formed during the water treatment process. Research is needed
in the following areas: 1) Improving methods for estimating
human exposures to by-products of different disinfection treat-
ments. Proposals should address research onbiochemical mark-
ers of human exposure and/or the development and validation
of models of human exposure to DBFs. Please do not submit
proposals for epidemiology studies. 2) Reducing uncertainty
regarding appropriate markers of effects and susceptibility in
both cancer and reproductive outcome epidemiology studies.
Laboratory and/or field evaluations are needed of morphologi-
cal, biochemical, and/or molecular alterations that may be use-
ful as markers of effect and susceptibility. 3) Examining the
feasibility of assessing the relative toxicity of DBF mixtures
in drinking water (e.g., ozone/chloramines, chlorine/chloram-
ines, and chlorine dioxide). Proposals may include such ele-
ments as: the feasibility of sample preparation; chemical analy-
sis and assessment; and toxicological testing of mixtures.
4) Developing improved extraction procedures and advanced
instrumentation to characterize the non-volatile and difficult
to extract organic and inorganic DBFs. These procedures would
be used in the development of methods to assess the frequency
and magnitude of occurrence of by-products.
Closing Date: 3/1/96.
Contact: Sheila Rosenthal, 260-7334
(rosenthal.sheila@epamail.epa.gov)
Environmental Fate and Treatment of Toxics
and HaZardOUS WaSte This area seeks to strengthen
the scientific basis for estimating risk through improved scien-
tific knowledge about the fate and transport processes that af-
fect contaminants and our ability to detect and measure them.
Results of this research should also improve our ability to de-
velop new approaches to remediation. Examples of topics of
interest are: 1) Research to develop the ability to betterpredict
the formation, degradation, and bioaccumulation constants of
metal/organic complexes and organometallics and to develop
equilibrium and kinetic sorption models for inorganic/organic
metal species on environmental surfaces, both biotic and abi-
otic. A major focus of the research should be on contaminants
and environmental settings typical of large, complex waste sites,
e.g., mining sites, multiple industrial waste sites, and disposal
in a single watershed 2) Research to develop models for pre-
dicting the fate and sorption properties of dense non-aqueous
phase liquids (DNAPLs) in a wide range of environmental set-
tings. 3) Research on interactions between subsurface
geochemical and biological processes to determine their influ-
ence on the mobility, fate, andbioavailability of contaminants,
particularly DNAPLs, in soils and ground water to quantify
the transformations taking place in the subsurface and the fluxes
of materials to other ecosystem components (receptors) and to
develop indicators of subsurface ecosystem status. A major
focus of the research should be on indicators that can serve as
markers for naturally occurring biodegradation at DNAPL sites
or for identifying novel processes and mechanisms for devel-
opment of innovative subsurface remediation technologies.
4) Research on geochemical and geophysical processes that
have the potential to lead to the development of more effective
technologies for the removal of DNAPLs from the subsurface.
5) Research to develop methods and data to determine the prop-
erties and processes associated with subsurface contaminants
that could be used to develop real-time measurement methods
for determining the nature and extent of subsurface contami-
nation problems and the progress of remedial actions to cor-
rect them and to develop prototype sensors based on these pro-
cesses.
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Assessment of Risks of Contaminated Soils and Treatment
Residuals: The level of cleanup greatly affects the cost of
remediation. Remediation levels must insure that human health
and the environment are adequately protected. To accomplish
these objectives in a cost-effective manner, data are needed
about the risks of contaminated soils, treated soils and other
solid matrices in the vadose zone. Techniques for cost effec-
tively measuring these possible impacts are also needed. There-
fore, the EPA is soliciting proposals on one or more of the fol-
lowing topics: 1) Research on methods for assessing the po-
tential human health and ecological impacts of residual con-
taminants (e.g., incinerator ash or untreated mine waste tail-
ings that remain in place). Of particular importance are tech-
niques applicable to assessing mixtures of residuals from ther-
mal and chemical treatment of complex, toxic organics such as
PAHs and PCBs which go through multiple steps of degrada-
tion. 2) Research on the factors influencing the availability of
toxic metal or inorganic contaminants common at contaminated
sites (e.g., CN, Cd, Hg, Cr(VI)). Example sources are mining
operations, metal finishing sites, and other industrial opera-
tions. This research requires developing an understanding of
the chemical, physical, and biological processes which influ-
ence the chemical form of the metal/inorganic, its mobility in
the environment, and its assimilation by, and impacts on, hu-
man and ecological receptors.
Closing Date: 3/1/96.
Contact: William Stelz, 260-5798
(stelz. william@epamail. epa. gov)
Environmental Statistics solicits proposals to es-
tablish (by means of a five-year cooperative agreement) a Na-
tional Research Center on Statistics and the Environment that
will provide a national capability to identify and perform cut-
ting-edge research in environmental statistics, thereby further-
ing the application of statistics to the environmental sciences
and facilitating the professional development of future envi-
ronmental statisticians.
Closing Date: 3/15/96.
Contact: Chris Saint, 260-1093
(saint. chris@epamail. epa. gov)
High Performance Computing EPA is seeking pro-
posals aimed at developing high performance computing tech-
nologies for use in environmental assessment and management.
Of particular interest are proposals that target research on prob-
lem solving environments, parallel algorithms, and data ac-
cess and analysis techniques. All technology advances should
be demonstrated in a results-oriented testbed that specifically
addresses cross-media ecosystem management capabilities to
support community based environmental assessments.
Problem Solving Environments: Proposals in this category
should address one or more of the following objectives:
1) Explore conceptual data models that encompass all data types
required for cross-media environmental assessment and deci-
sion making. To test the robustness of the data models by de-
veloping reusable scalable input/output (I/O) class libraries to
support development of interoperable cross-media environmen-
tal modeling and decision support frameworks including
geospatial data for integrated visualization and geospatial analy-
sis. 2) Explore and evaluate alternative techniques for full in-
tegration (close coupling) of geospatial analysis, environmen-
tal modeling, and object oriented databases involving very large
three dimensional, time and space varying data. 3) Develop
scalable parallel I/O techniques for object oriented data bases,
I/O mechanisms to support data reordering, fast queries over
distributed databases and archives, and I/O for binary large
objects. 4) Develop reusable object-model-based class librar-
ies for parallel numerical solvers and science processes related
to cross-media modeling, uncertainty, and risk assessment.
Parallel Algorithms: Currently, issues of spatial and temporal
scale and computational feasibility have limited advances in
this area. EPA is requesting proposals to explore scalable par-
allel approaches for effective coupling among water, air, soil,
terrestrial, and ecological models and research on issues of scale
and resolution that affect computational feasibility. Proof of
concept and research-prototype development of coupled mod-
els in a scalable parallel computing environment are important
components of the research. Proposals should address one or
more of the following objectives: 1) Evaluate performance
characteristics of alternative domain decomposition approaches
and scalable parallel algorithms for multi media (air, water,
soil, terrestrial systems, etc.) environmental modeling, coupled
air-water exchange processes, and/or associated uncertainty and
risk computations. 2) Develop scalable parallel algorithms for
adaptive grid approaches and evaluate the preservation of ac-
curacy with the interaction of regular and irregular grid sys-
tems in the context of cross-media environmental assessments.
3) Devise methods for optimization problems involving non-
linear processes, develop scalable parallel algorithms for effi-
cient implementation, and explore the accuracy of sampling
strategies for non linear response space.
Data Access and Analysis Techniques: Intelligent and effec-
tive methods are needed to satisfy the extensive need for envi-
ronmental data to support environmental management activi-
ties. Proposals should address one or more of the following
objectives: 1) Develop techniques for exploring multiple-scales
and cross-media environmental data including, 1) Agent fa-
cilitated data queries of distributed data sources, methods for
organizing standard metadata for fast queries, capabilities to
handle legacy data, dynamic analysis of very large distributed
archives of diverse multi-scale data useful for environmental
decision making. 2) High performance data assimilation tech-
niques supported by scalable parallel I/O systems to enable the
integration of remote sensing data into predictive models to
enhance the quality of model predictions. 3) Multivariate
analysis and visualization techniques over three dimensional
space and time and techniques for desktop virtual environ-
ments for analysis of time sequences of three dimensional en-
vironmental data. Closing Date: 3/15/96.
Contact: Chris Saint, 260-1093
(saint.chris@epamail.epa.gov)
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Endocrine Disrupters The objective o\ \\>\\
crine Disrupter research program is to evaluate potential ef-
fects associated with endocrine disrupters and to determine the
extent of current exposures. Investigator-initiated grant pro-
posals are sought in four broad areas: 1) human health effects,
2) ecological health effects, 3) human exposure evaluations,
and 4) ecological exposure evaluations. Examples of research
topics of interest to EPA include: a) Refinement of methods to
monitor and characterize exposure of humans and/or wildlife
to endocrine disrupters, including aspects such as exposure half-
life, speciation, uptake, and phase equilibrium, b) Develop-
ment and validation of models to estimate exposure to endo-
crine disrupters from different sources via multiple pathways.
c) Development and validation of biomarkers of endocrine
disrupter exposure and effect, e) Development and validation
of in vitro and short-term in vivo test systems to screen for
chemicals with specific mechanisms of action expressed via
different endocrine pathways; test systems that are applicable
across multiple phylogenetic levels are of particular interest.
f) Development of Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic
(PB-PK), Physiologically-Based Toxicokinetic (PB-TK), and
Biologically -Based Dose-Response (BBDR) models that in-
corporate key species-specific parameters critical to the ex-
trapolation of effects across phyla, g) Refinement and valida-
tion of methods and models that relate effects observed at sub-
cellular levels to adverse impacts in individuals (both human
and wildlife species) and in wildlife populations.
Closing Date: 5/1/96.
Contact: Robert Menzer, 260-5779
(menzer.robert@epamail.epa.gov)
Role of Interindividual Variation in Human
EPA is interested in: 1) the
identification of human genetic polymorphisms which can af-
fect carcinogenic risk from environmental agents, 2) the quan-
titative relationship of these polymorphisms to the risk of can-
cer from environmental agents, and 3) the distribution of such
polymorphisms in the general population. Proposals should ad-
dress human variation in susceptibility with regard to poly-
morphisms and a specific chemical carcinogen of concern to
the Agency.
Closing Date: 5/1/96
Contact: David Reese, 260-7342
(reese.david@epamail.epa.gov)
Risk-Based Decisions for Contaminated
Sediments have become a focus of concern
for EPA because of their potential adverse impacts, the long
periods of time associated with natural assimilation of many
in-place contaminants, and the high costs of mitigation. The
following areas of research provide the framework for the com-
petition:
Risk-Based Assessments
Hazard Identification: All assessment techniques, either bio-
logical or chemical, need validation of their ability to predict
impacts on indigenous aquatic communities. When laboratory
data and test systems are being used to predict contaminated
sediment impacts, there needs to be a strong lab-to-field asso-
ciation. Research is needed to validate these techniques using
a risk-based approach. Validation efforts must consider the un-
certainty associated with the assessment and the degree of pro-
tection offered to the aquatic community. The effects of con-
taminants associated with sediments are often manifested
through aquatic food chains. Research and mathematical mod-
eling are needed to accurately characterize the transfer of toxic
substances from their source to the sediments, from sediments
to organisms, and from organism to organism.
Dose-Response: Short-term sediment toxicity test methods
exist to examine aquatic life effects using laboratory animals.
In addition, there are some theoretical models to predict whether
certain single chemical concentrations will have an adverse
impact onbenthic communities. Most contaminated sediments
contain mixtures of chemicals; thus, mixture toxicity research
and modeling both for organic substances and trace metals are
needed to complement single chemical assessments. Further
research is needed to expand the number and kind of species
being tested.
Exposure Assessment: Knowledge of the fate and
bioavailability of toxic substances in sediments is sometimes
highly speculative. Additional knowledge is needed on: 1) the
fate of toxic substances during resuspension, especially during
severe events, and biological, chemical, and physical factors
controlling resuspension of sediments; 2) the spatial (horizon-
tal and vertical) and temporal extent of sediment contamina-
tion; and 3) biogeochemical partitioning between sediments,
water, and biota to better predict bioavailability of chemicals
believed to have adverse impacts.
Risk Management
Sediment Treatment: Contaminated sediments requiring treat-
ment can result from either sediment management operations
(e.g., maintenance dredging) or remediation efforts. The envi-
ronmental risks associated with these sediments need to be re-
duced. For example, better methods to predict the extent to
which dredging operations resuspend and transport contami-
nants to less contaminated areas are needed. Research is needed
to develop innovative treatment options for sites with large
volumes of contaminated sediment (e.g., harbors).
Closing Date: 5/1/96
Contact: David Reese, 260-7342
(reese.david@epamail.epa.gov)
This solicitation invites appli-
cations in two areas. Exploratory Research: Applicable areas
are biology, chemistry, physics, human health, socioeconomic,
and engineering (that are not covered in the specific areas de-
scribed in earlier sections), with a focus on aspects of pollu-
tion identification, characterization, abatement, or control of
the effects of pollutants on human and biological systems.
Early Career Research Awards: This program support out-
standing scientists and engineers at the onset of their careers in
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U.S. colleges, universities, and not-for-profit institutions.
Closing Date: 3/15/96.
Contact: Clyde Bishop, 260-5727
(bishop.clyde@epamail.epa.gov)
In cooperation with the National Science Foun-
dation, the U.S. Department of Energy, and the
Office of Naval Research, U.S. Navy, ORD has
issued a joint requests for application on the fol-
lowing topic of mutual interest.
Research proposals are solicited that
aim to further our understanding of the chemical, physical, and
biological processes influencing the bioavailability and release
of chemicals in soil under natural conditions, as well as the
role of a chemical which when released from the soil and as-
similated by a living organism, results in an adverse effect.
The objective of the research should be to understand the com-
monality of processes and/or environmental effects involved
in contaminant release, movement, and assimilation in order
to determine broadly applicable techniques for measuring the
potential impacts of contaminants in complex matrices. The
emphasis in proposed research projects should be on the be-
havior of mixtures of chemicals. Interdisciplinary research is
particularly encouraged. While studies on chemicals that may
affect ecosystem and human health are desired, toxicological
studies are not eligible. Similarly, studies involving pure cul-
tures in the laboratory orbioreactors will not be reviewed. Labo-
ratory studies must demonstrate applicability to field studies.
A number of well-instrumented, characterized, and documented
sites are available for field research.
Closing Date: 5/1/96.
Contact: Robert Menzer, 260-5779
(menzer.robert@epamail.epa.gov)
Under a partnership with the National Science
Foundation, ORD has issued a joint requests
for applications on the following topics of
mutual interest.
Water and Watersheds This competition emphasizes
multidisciplinary, fundamental research on important scientific,
engineering, and socioeconomic principles for understanding,
protecting, and restoring water resources and watershed pro-
cesses in the U.S. and other regions of the world. A systems
approach and general applicability of the research to water-
shed-scale questions are required in each proposal. Investiga-
tors are encouraged to bring together formerly disparate, state-
of-the-art approaches to address watershed-scale issues and
explore new paradigms that draw widely from different disci-
plines. Three overarching research components related to wa-
ter and watersheds provide the framework for this competi-
tion. The degree to which these three components are integrated
in a systems approach will be a review criterion. The most com-
petitive proposals will be those that help integrate multiple goals
of NSF and/or EPA programs and address questions that are
comprehensive in scale and transferable in scope. Appropriate
and innovative statistical methodologies and modeling are en-
couraged. Research that explores questions of spatial and tem-
poral scaling is appropriate in the context of all components.
The three overarching components are: 1) Ecological research
that links diversity and vitality of aquatic biota and ecological
processes, relationships among populations and communities
of organisms, and landuse or other anthropogenic factors.
2) Hydrologic, biogeochemical, and engineering research that
addresses the physical, chemical, and biological processes and
mechanisms which govern the interactions of nutrients, met-
als, toxic materials, and organisms within and among surface
waters, groundwaters, sediments, soils, and the atmosphere.
3) Social science research that develops a systemic perspec-
tive on, and predictive understanding of, the impacts and spa-
tial aspects of human behavior and social and economic sys-
tems on surface and ground water resources and watersheds.
Closing Date: 5/7/96.
Contact: Barbara Levinson, 260-5983
(levinson.barbara@epamail.epa.gov)
Technology for a Sustainable Environment
This competition seeks research in three areas of pollution pre-
vention: Chemistry; Engineering; and Measurement, Assess-
ment, and Feedback Techniques. Goals of this area are to de-
velop safer commercial substances and environmentally
friendly chemicals and to develop novel engineering approaches
for preventing or reducing pollution. The competition addresses
technological environmental issues of design, synthesis, pro-
cessing, and production and use of products in continuous and
discrete manufacturing industries. Projects must employ fun-
damental new approaches and address, or be relevant to, cur-
rent national concerns for pollution prevention.
Description of possible projects
Chemistry for Pollution Prevention: The long-range goal of
this program activity is to develop safer commercial substances
and environmentally friendly chemical syntheses to reduce risks
posed by existing practices. Pollution prevention has become
the preferred strategy for reducing the risks posed by the manu-
facture, use, and disposal of commercial chemicals. A funda-
mental approach, a "green chemistry" approach, is to prevent
pollution at its source, which includes: a) Design of alternative
synthetic pathways for new or existing chemicals which do
not utilize toxic reagents or solvents or do not produce toxic
by-products or co-products, b) Design or redesign of useful
chemicals and materials such that they are less toxic to health
and the environment or safer with regard to accident potential.
Appropriate areas of investigation include: chemical synthesis
and catalysis; analysis and detection; separation processes; and
reaction mechanisms.
Examples include: 1) Use of innovative methods such as ca-
talysis andbiocatalysis; photochemistry orbiomimetic synthe-
sis; and use of alternative starting materials which are innocu-
ous or renewable. 2) Use of creative reaction conditions, such
as using solvents which have a reduced impact on health and
the environment or increasing reaction selectivity, thus reduc-
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ing wastes and emissions.
Engineering for Pollution Prevention: The focus of this pro-
gram activity is to develop novel engineering approaches for
preventing or reducing pollution from industrial manufactur-
ing activities, both for continuous and discrete processes. The
scope includes: equipment and technology modifications, re-
formulation or redesign of products, substitution of alternative
materials, and in-process changes. Although these methods are
often thought of in relation to the chemical, biochemical, and
materials process industries, they can be utilized in many other
industries such as semiconductor manufacturing systems. Po-
tential areas of research include: 1) Novel, cost-effective meth-
ods for the highly efficient in-process separation of useful
materials from the components of the process waste stream,
for example, field-enhanced and hybrid separation processes.
2) Materials substitutions and process alternatives which pre-
vent or reduce environmental harm, such as change of raw
material or the use of less hazardous solvents, organic coat-
ings, and metal plating systems. 3) New bulk materials and
coatings with durability, long life, and other desirable engi-
neering properties that can be manufactured with reduced en-
vironmental impact. 4) Improved reactor, catalyst, or process
design in order to increase product yield. Approaches might
include novel reactors such as reactor-separation combinations
that provide for product separation during the reaction, alter-
native energy sources for reaction initiation, and integrated
process design and operation. 5) Development of environmen-
tal technologies that use physical processes to alter biologi-
cally refractory pollutants both known and potential into forms
that are amenable to biodegradation. 6) New or improved manu-
facturing processes that reduce production of hazardous efflu-
ents at the source. Examples include: machining without the
use of cutting fluids that currently require disposal after they
are contaminated; eliminating toxic electroplating solutions by
replacing them with ion or plasma-based dry plating techniques.
7) Improved manufacturing processes that employ novel ther-
mal or fluid and/or multiphase/paniculate systems resulting in
significantly lower hazardous effluent production. Examples
include: novel refrigeration cycles using safe and environmen-
tally-benign working fluids to replace halogenated hydrocar-
bons hazardous to upper atmosphere ozone levels; improved
automobile combustion process design for reduced pollutant
production. 8) Optimization of process manufacturing opera-
tions to prevent, reduce, or eliminate waste. Concepts include:
increased in-process or in-plant recycling and improved and
intelligent process control and sensing capabilities; in-process
techniques that minimize generation of pollutants in
industrial waste incineration processes.
Measurement, Assessment, and Feedback Techniques for
Pollution Prevention: This competition also encourages re-
search in physical sciences and engineering that will lead to
the development of novel measurement and assessment tech-
niques for pollution prevention. Topics in this program activ-
ity include life cycle analysis, computational simulations, and
process design algorithms for product life cycle analysis, as
well as the development of appropriate measurement methods
to use as input for such analyses. The methods developed should
provide the basis for scientifically sound and quantitative com-
parisons of the environmental impact of various technologies.
The following examples provide some areas of investigation:
1) Innovative, full scale, quantitative methodologies for con-
ducting life cycle analysis which permit sound quantitative
comparisons of impacts of different pollutants on different
media. 2) Streamlined, targeted life cycle analysis and envi-
ronmental product design methodologies and systems that can
provide scientifically sound comparisons with less comprehen-
sive data inputs and computational analysis. 3) Algorithms in-
corporating pollution prevention into process design, intelli-
gent control, and simulation methodologies for process and
manufacturing design. 4) Process simulator modules for new
technologies such as novel membrane processes. 5) Improved
and intelligent sensors and control algorithms for real time, in-
process multivariate control of manufacturing equipment and
systems to reduce waste material and hazardous emissions.
Closing Date: 5/7/96.
Contact: Stephen Lingle, 260-5748
(lingle.stephen@epamail.epa.gov)
Decision Making and Valuation for Environ-
mental POMCy This competition is presented to advance
research to help develop practical approaches to estimating eco-
nomic and social benefits and costs that are systematic and
credible. This competition is intended to support research
projects in four areas: 1) benefits of environmental policies
and programs; 2) costs of environmental polices and programs;
3) ecosystem protection; and 4) normative behaviors and envi-
ronmental decision-making. Specifically:
Benefits of Environmental Policies and Programs: Environ-
mental policies and programs are generally intended to protect
or improve the health and well being of humans and the eco-
systems vital to human welfare. Policies that enhance and pro-
tect the environment provide economic value and benefits to
society. Currently, there are several approaches to measuring
this value, including methods that rely predominantly upon
either revealed or stated preferences for health and environ-
mental goods and services. Improvements to existing meth-
ods and the development of new methods are encouraged. Ex-
amples of areas where government agencies have significant
information needs in the environmental valuation area include:
1) Methods to improve estimation of values for reductions in
mortality and morbidity risks resulting from pollution and other
environmental hazards. Research on methods to address non-
cancer health benefits is particularly encouraged. 2) Identifi-
cation and improvement of methods for measuring environ-
mental quality influences on human welfare, including those
that recognize distributional factors in addition to efficiency.
3) Methods to apply existing benefit estimates or valuation
functions to assess the benefits of a distinct, but similar envi-
ronmental change (i.e., benefits transfer methods). 4) Improved
methods for valuing changes in the environmental quality of
public resources (e.g., groundwater) regulated by multiple laws.
5) Methods to assess the benefits of providing environmental
-------
information to consumers, investors, and/or producers of goods
and services.
Costs of Environmental Policies and Programs: This compo-
nent of the competition seeks to strengthen the conceptual and
empirical basis for cost estimation methods. Examples of top-
ics of interest in this area are: 1) Integrated approaches to mod-
eling production technology that includes both desirable out-
puts and potential wastes or pollutants, including conceptual
and methodological research that captures life-cycle or legacy
factors. 2) Methodology to estimate the cost savings from us-
ing economic incentives relative to other approaches to envi-
ronmental pollution control. 3) Empirical research that com-
pares estimated and realized costs for pollution prevention and
abatement at levels of the plant, market, industry, and economy.
4) Improved methods to estimate and validate aggregate and
sectoral costs of environmental protection programs includ-
ing, for example, empirical analyses of system-wide and dy-
namic effects that capture plant location, productivity, and tech-
nological change.
Ecosystem Valuation and Protection: Proposals should em-
phasize these interdependencies in their research and focus on
how comprehensive or critical ecosystem changes can be mea-
sured in terms of social welfare. Examples of the topics of in-
terest in this component include:
1) Core concepts of comprehensive ecosystem function, in-
cluding research that characterizes and quantifies the natural
environment and links measures of ecosystem productivity and
sustainability with economic activities and changes in human
welfare. Improved understanding of the economic-ecological
relationships in areas such as wetlands, timber, watersheds, min-
erals, wildlife/fish, and grasslands are of particular interest.
2) Methods for valuing biodiversity, populations of native spe-
cies, amounts of protected areas and open space, and other criti-
cal ecosystem attributes, including research that illuminates
the interactive and synergistic role of these attributes and their
economic and social implications. 3) Methods for defining the
scope of ecosystem restoration that reflect the cost to restore
the quality and service characteristics. 4) Methods for valua-
tion, including research that identifies ecosystem functions of
value to society and addresses issues of time, scale, and natu-
ral and political boundaries.
Normative Behaviors and Environmental Decision Making
Researchers are encouraged to identify and examine behav-
ioral and institutional factors that influence the development,
implementation, and evaluation of environmental policies.
Research is expected to be theoretically and methodologically
sophisticated and to contain an empirical component. Psycho-
logical attitudes, socio-cultural, legal, and ethical norms, eco-
nomic forces, and political and communication activities, in
isolation and altogether, affect the development and use of en-
vironmental policy. Better understanding of these factors and
the ways in which they can improve or interfere with social
negotiations about environmental issues is needed. Potential
topics include, but are not limited to: 1) Identification and
characterization of communities and the values and normative
behaviors that influence their responses to new environmental
information, proposed development plans and regulations, and
of processes to involve communities in developing and assess-
ing criteria for decision making about environmental and eco-
nomic investments and problems. 2) Identification and analy-
sis of social, political, and ethical factors relevant to environ-
mental problem-solving in a trans-jurisdictional context, and
effective mechanisms for addressing those factors. 3) Impli-
cations of geographical and political boundaries and personal,
group, and organizational characteristics, behaviors, and atti-
tudes for environmental problem solving. 4) Comparative
analysis of different models of environmental decision mak-
ing that emphasizes their descriptive, predictive, and prescrip-
tive implications.
Closing Date: 5/7/96.
Contact: Gregory G. Ondich, 260-5753
(ondich. greg@epamail. epa. gov)
The complete packages for the abstracts listed here can be found
on EPA's internet Home Page under "Grants." EPA internet
address on the World Wide Web is WWW.EPA.GOV
More information can also be obtained by writing to:
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
NCERQA - Grants Information
Mail Code 8701
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
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