xvEPA
United States
Environmental Protection
Agency
Office of Water
Washington, D.C.
EPA 832-F-99-038
September 1999
Combined Sewer Overflow
Management Fact Sheet
Pollution Prevention
DESCRIPTION
This fact sheet describes the use of pollution
prevention best management practices (BMPs).
These practices are intended to both reduce the
volume of pollutants entering a combined sewer
system (CSS), and to help reduce the number of
combined sewer overflows (CSOs) that occur
during storm water runoff producing events.
Combined sewer systems (CSSs) are wastewater
collection systems designed to carry both sanitary
sewage and storm water runoff in a single pipe to a
wastewater treatment plant. Combined sewer
overflows occur during wet weather periods when
the hydraulic capacity of the CSS becomes
overloaded. This causes overflows at discharge
points within the CSS. Substantial water quality
and habitat benefits can be achieved by keeping
pollutants out of the CSS, and thus out of CSO
discharges. This can often be accomplished through
the implementation of a pollution prevention
program. Pollution prevention involves the use of
materials, processes, and practices that reduce or
eliminate the creation of pollutants and waste at the
source.
Pollution prevention is broadly applicable, and is
one of the Nine Minimum Controls (NMCs) every
CSS community is expected to implement.
Pollution prevention generally relies on low
technology practices that are applied by many
individuals and commercial and industrial
establishments. Successful programs should include
public education, municipal participation, and
proper regulation. Examples include:
• Solid waste management
• Waste reduction and recycling
• Commercial/Industrial pollution prevention
• Street cleaning
• Catch basin maintenance
• Water conservation
• Fertilizer and pesticide control
• Erosion and sediment control at construction
sites
Many of these practices overlap those addressed in
other components of the NMCs, including:
operating and maintaining the CSS; maximizing
collection system storage and flow to wastewater
treatment plants; reviewing and modifying
pretreatment programs; and controlling solids and
floatables in CSO discharges. A comparison the
efforts and relative cost of implementing pollution
prevention technologies is presented in Table 1.
These practices are further described in the sections
below:
Solid Waste Management
Solid waste management (SWM) can play an
important role in reducing the amount of litter and
pollutants that enter the CSS. Successful SWM
programs must address issues of bulk waste disposal
(e.g. household appliances, batteries, and tires),
illegal dumping by both businesses and residential
property owners, hazardous waste collection and
disposal, street debris and animal waste removal.
Programs may also include banning or substituting
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TABLE 1 A COMPARISON OF POLLUTION PREVENTION TECHNIQUES
TECHNOLOGY
Implementation
Effort
Relative Cost
Role of Public
Education
Required
Maintenance
Solid Waste Management
Waste Recycling and
Reduction
Commercial/Industrial
Pollution Prevention
Street Cleaning
Catch Basin Maintenance
Water Conservation
Fertilizer and Pesticide
Control
Sediment and Erosion
Control
M
M
M
M
M
L
L
M
L
L
M
M
L
L
H
H
L
L
H
H
M
M
H
H
L
L
M
HIGH: H
MODERATE: M
LOW: L
products and packaging materials that do not readily
degrade in the environment.
Waste Reduction and Recycling
Waste reduction is the design, purchase,
manufacture, or use of products and materials which
limit the amount of solid waste generated.
Recycling is the recovery and reuse of waste
materials. Waste reduction and recycling reduce the
total amount of solid waste generated by a
community. This helps limit the amount of trash
that finds its way into the CSS.
In the home, reusing and recycling common
materials such as plastic and paper reduces pollution
and eliminates the need for disposal. A
well-organized recycling program for homeowners
with clearly marked containers, established transfer
locations, and regular collection schedules can be
very effective in reducing the total amount of solid
waste produced. For industry, waste reduction and
recycling can improve environmental compliance,
lower accident rates, and reduce regulatory
liabilities, reporting requirements and insurance
rate. Waste reduction and recycling can also
increase profits by reducing the costs of waste
disposal, handling, treatment, and the purchase of
raw materials.
Commercial and Industrial Pollution Prevention
Commercial and industrial establishments contribute
large amounts of pollutants to CSSs. These
pollutants originate as either industrial waste or
storm water runoff discharged directly to the CSS.
Adherence to pretreatment requirements, the
development of spill control plans, and the
prevention or minimization of industrial discharges
during wet weather periods can reduce the amount
of industrial waste in CSOs. Employing best
management practices (BMPs) such as providing
temporary covers for outside storage areas, using
rain-proof dumpsters, performing vehicle
maintenance in covered bays, and maintaining good
housekeeping for all areas exposed to storm water
runoff, is important. Other examples of BMPs to
prevent commercial and industrial pollution include
the installation of oil and grease traps in catch basins
(inlet chambers which provide access for runoff to
enter the CSS) that service commercial and
industrial areas, and the use of covered areas and/or
reverse berms to redirect runoff away from truck
and railcar load/offload areas. When coordinated in
an overall pollution prevention plan, these practices
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can reduce both storm water volume and pollutants
discharged to a CSS during wet weather periods.
Street Cleaning
Street cleaning can be an effective means of
reducing the accumulation of street debris. Street
debris is typically composed of food and beverage
wrappers and containers, paper and plastic bags,
leaves, and sand/soil. Frequent cleaning limits the
quantities of dirt, debris, and pollutants including
floatables, entering the CSS during wet weather
events. Sweeping also contributes to improved
water quality by reducing nutrient, BOD, bacterial
and metal loads delivered to the CSS.
Catch Basin Maintenance
Regularly scheduled catch basin cleaning can
prevent debris, sediment, and floatables from
accumulating in the CSS. Cleaning prevents
potential clogging of the basins, which helps both to
avoid localized flooding and to maintain basin
sediment trapping ability. The available options for
catch basin cleaning are manual cleaning, vacuum
cleaning, and cleaning with eductor equipment.
Catch basin cleaning is also beneficial to collection
system performance because it reduces the
likelihood of fouling or damaging downstream
pumping equipment, and it prevents sediment
buildup that can reduce capacity and accelerate
CSO events.
Water Conservation
Water conservation can be defined as practices,
techniques, and technologies that improve the
efficiency of water use. An effective water
conservation program helps to reduce CSOs by
reducing sanitary flow. This reduction provides a
net increase in CSS collection and treatment
capacity for storm water during storm events.
Fertilizer and Pesticide Control
Fertilizers and pesticides washed from the ground
surface and transported with runoff into CSSs
during wet weather events can be contained in CSO
discharges. Fertilizers, which contain high levels of
nitrogen and phosphorous, contribute to
eutrophication of receiving waters. In addition,
pesticides are potentially toxic to aquatic life. While
the individual contribution of pollutants from a
homeowner's lawn, the grounds of a business
establishment, or a municipal park may be small, the
cumulative impact on water quality may be
significant. The control of urban fertilizer and
pesticide levels involves convincing residents,
institutions, and municipal departments to adhere to
handling and application techniques that limit
pollutant runoff. Integrated pest management
(IPM) programs that provide information on
alternatives to traditional fertilizer, pesticide, and
herbicide practices are currently being developed
within local and state governments.
Sediment and Erosion Control
Sediment and erosion control practices can play an
important role in reducing the volume of storm
water and the amount of sediment delivered to the
CSS during wet weather periods. Well-managed
soil retains rainwater, and tends to keep sediment on
site. In contrast, poorly-managed soil, particularly
at construction sites, produces unnecessary runoff
and increased sediment loads. Activities that
accelerate erosion include: removing vegetative
cover; compacting or disturbing the soil; changing
natural drainage patterns; and increasing the amount
of impermeable surfaces.
The impact of increased sediment and erosion on the
CSS can be substantial. System capacity is reduced
by the excess storm water, leading to larger and
more frequent overflows. In addition, sediment
often clogs catch basins and contributes to
inefficient operation of the CSS. Receiving waters
are also impacted as sediment increases turbidity,
upsets natural habitat and aquatic life, and adds
undesirable nutrients, metals, and other toxic
substances.
APPLICABILITY
Pollution prevention prevention programs should be
applicable in all CSO communities. By relying on a
combination of public awareness programs and
community initiatives, these programs can play a
significant role in reducing CSOs. and other toxic
substances.
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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
Solid Waste Management
The illegal disposal of household trash and
chemicals is a major problem in most CSO
communities. Public education is essential to
solving this problem. In addition to raising
awareness of waste disposal issues, programs must
provide direction to the general public. People need
accurate information on recyclable waste materials.
Clear and concise instructions for preparing all types
of household wastes, including bulk wastes, for
curbside pickup or drop-off must be disseminated.
Maintaining convenient hours of operation for waste
drop-off facilities will make it easier for residents to
properly dispose of waste items. Frequently
emptying municipal trash receptacles, so that they
remain empty and clean, will prevent spillover and
encourage their use. The stenciling of storm drain
catch basins serves to educate the public about the
connection between storm runoff and receiving
waters, and the dangers of dumping waste, such as
paintbrush residues and concrete truck washout,
into CSS inlets. To prevent animal waste from
entering the CSS, municipalities can institute a so
called pooper-scooper regulation and place signs
near popular walking trails or common areas
reminding people to clean up after their pets.
Waste Reduction and Recycling
Like solid waste management, recycling relies on
voluntary cooperation. Public education will be an
essential part of any successful recycling effort.
Recycling involves encouraging the reuse of
materials in both household and industrial settings.
Many reusable substances, such as motor oil and
cleaning products, require special storage containers
and recycling techniques.
Setting a recycling goal for the community is
important. However, it takes time for recycling
programs to become established and to have a
measurable impact. To encourage participation
recycling must be made convenient. Providing
reliable curbside collection may be the best way to
encourage household participation. Pick-ups should
occur on a regular schedule, as often as once a
week. Drop-off centers where residents may leave
recyclable materials at scheduled times can also be
established. Offices can contract with paper
recyclers for onsite pickup of waste paper and other
recyclables.
Commercial and Industrial Pollution Prevention
Pretreatment requirements can be reviewed and
modified to control the amount and characteristics
of industrial waste entering the CSS. Sewer use
ordinances, rules, and regulations can be
implemented to control pollutant concentrations,
and, in some instances, the timing of discharges to
the CSS. CSO communities can provide technical
assistance and incentives for pollution prevention to
commercial and industrial establishments.
Additionally, CSO communities can implement
broad programs that encourage commercial and
industrial establishments to participate in pollution
prevention programs, and they can recognize
successes. These programs include strategies for
reducing the volumes of industrial wastes generated
through: material substitution; process modification;
chemical and water use reductions; sensible
chemical storage; spill prevention, and good
housekeeping.
Street Cleaning
Street sweeping services are provided by either
municipal or contracted personnel. The overall
effectiveness of a street cleaning program is
primarily a function of the frequency and regularity
of the cleanings. The frequency of street sweeping
is determined by need, the number of miles to be
served, and local budget constraints. Other factors
for consideration include climatic conditions (e.g.,
rainfall frequency and season), the size of particles
captured by the cleaning, and street-parking
regulations. Because parked cars prohibit the street
cleaner from removing curbside litter, enforcement
of parking regulations is essential.
Sweeping programs tend to be implemented
city-wide, not just in areas serviced by CSOs.
Budget constraints may require that sweeping
efforts be timed to be most effective. Early spring
cleanings are essential in areas subject to winter salt,
sand, and cinder applications. Late fall sweepings
are essential in areas with sustained winter rains. In
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general, street sweeping provides appreciable
aesthetic benefits that go well beyond CSO control.
Catch Basin Maintenance
Implementing a successful catch basin cleaning
program requires a commitment to regularly-
scheduled cleaning and maintenance. Catch basins
should be cleaned whenever material deposited in
the bottom of the basin reaches a height greater than
one-third of the depth from the basin bottom to the
lowest opening into or out of the basin. Catch basin
cleaning is thought to mitigate the "first flush"
effect, which occurs when the initial major storm
water flow into a catch basin re-suspends deposited
material and flushes it out through the outflow pipe.
A study comparing the effect of different cleaning
schedules found that quarterly cleanings appear to
be the most effective in reducing pollutant loads.
Water Conservation
Water conservation programs should be combined
with a strong public education component that
emphasizes the financial and environmental benefits
associated with water conservation and water use
efficiency. Water conservation tips can be sent to
customers in newsletters that accompany water bills.
Local ordinances can be developed to ensure that
water conservation practices are standardized.
Utilities can also offer technical advice and
incentives to customers to encourage water
conservation.
Fertilizer and Pesticide Control
Users must receive instruction on how to safely
handle and properly apply fertilizer and pesticide
products. Public education programs should
emphasize that "more is not better," and that the
lowest effective dose listed on the label for any one
application should always be used. Care should also
be taken to identify pests correctly so that the
proper pesticide is selected, and inappropriate
materials are not wastefully applied. Education
about alternative pest control measures can also be
valuable. Information about beneficial insects,
proper planting dates, and companion cropping
systems should be disseminated for consideration.
The caretakers of large parcels of urban land,
including local parks departments and other
institutions, should be encouraged to lead the way
and demonstrate the responsible use of fertilizers
and pesticides. Finally, the use of Class A biosolids
to replace or supplement synthetic fertilizer in
turfgrass establishment can greatly reduce the
quantity of runoff and its pollutant content.
Erosion and Sediment Control
Soil erosion within the CSS is most prevalent in
open space areas, at construction sites, and within
streambanks. Open space is largely comprised of
lawns in residential areas, open areas at educational,
corporate and medical institutions, and
government-owned land, including parks. The
practices most suitable for lawns and parks are
maintaining a vegetative cover and, where
applicable, using grassed drainageways and terraces
that hold the soil in place and allow water to
infiltrate on-site.
For construction sites, planning prior to disturbance
is essential. The planning should address controlling
erosion by preserving existing vegetation,
controlling sediment on site, and post construction
activities. The strategy is to spread and slow storm
water runoff when possible, and to ensure that
concentrated flows do not erode drainageways. Silt
fences, filter fabrics, and straw wattles can
effectively retain sediment on disturbed slopes.
Fabrics must be selected with an appropriate pore
size to ensure maximum sediment control for the
type of soil encountered. Rock check dams,
woodchip-filled bags, and hay bales can be effective
sediment traps in drainageways. Small onsite stilling
ponds, designed to slow runoff and allow settling,
can also be effective. Construction entrance
protection is needed to prevent tracking of
sediments onto public streets via truck tires.
Protection includes laying a woven geotextile fabric
across the entranceway and at least 50 feet into the
site. Three-inch minus rock is then placed over the
fabric. On very large construction sites, wheel
washes are often used as an additional sediment
control strategy. Additionally, environmentally-
oriented landscaping, mulching, and seeding will
contribute to erosion and sediment control. CSO
communities should consider the development of
standards and recommended practices for sediment
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and erosion control to guide new development and
redevelopment projects.
IMPLEMENTATION
Solid Waste Management
Jefferson County, KY, has opened a permanent
center for the disposal of household chemicals, such
as paint thinners and solvents, cleaning solutions,
lawn chemicals, and waste oils. The center is called
AHaz Bin and operates two days per week on a year
round basis. AHaz Bin has an annual operating
budget of $250,000. During 1996, AHaz Bin
collected approximately 68,040 kilograms (150,000
pounds) of household chemicals from 2,080
households. More than 85 percent of the waste was
either recycled or used in fuel blending.
Waste Reduction and Recycling
Louisville, KY, provides garbage collection once a
week and conducts a simultaneous recycling
program that collects newsprint, glass, plastics, and
tin and aluminum cans. The program collects
approximately 15.2 million kilograms (15,000 tons)
of material each year, of which 75-80 percent is
fiber. The City has found a private contractor who
will purchase fibers for 2 cents per kilogram
($25/per ton). This money is used to offset costs
associated with all aspects of solid waste
management.
The Industrial Materials Exchange (IMEX) is an
element of the King County, WA, hazardous waste
management program, and has been active since
1989. IMEX's goals are to conserve energy and
resources, and to protect the environment by
helping businesses and organizations find
alternatives to the disposal of valuable materials or
wastes. IMEX has an annual operating budget of
$250,000, which is used to help businesses find
markets for industrial by-products, surplus
materials, and wastes. Potential wastes are reused
to the mutual benefit of the supplier of the surplus
material, the user, and the environment.
Commercial and Industrial Pollution Prevention
As part of its outreach effort, The Rouge River
National Wet Weather Demonstration Project in
Michigan initiated the Rouge Friendly Business
Program. The Program works with small business
owners to help them complete a facility management
self-assessment form. The program then suggests
the implementation of source controls, such as:
storage and disposal of non-hazardous materials,
grease handling, and managing outdoor work areas.
The Program recognizes and promotes businesses
which make the suggested changes and demonstrate
river-friendly pollution prevention practices. As of
June 1997, 17 businesses have been officially
recognized.
Street Cleaning
New York City's street sweeping program cleans
just over 50 percent of the city's 18,800 curb
kilometers (11,700 curb miles). Streets are cleaned
on a regular schedule that ranges between one and
three sweepings per week.
Alternate-side-of-the-street parking regulations
support the sweeping program. There are also
ordinances in place which prohibit littering and
require property owners to clean sidewalks and
gutters daily. Enforcement agents patrol commercial
areas and fine owners who fail to maintain sidewalks
and gutters.
South Portland, ME, utilizes contracted sweeping
services to sweep the entire 160 kilometers (100
miles) of city roadways each spring. This process
yields more than 1,500 cubic meters (2,000 cubic
yards) of material annually. City streets are then
continually maintained by city personnel and
equipment throughout the summer and fall months.
On average, an additional 750 cubic meters (1,000
cubic yards) of debris is picked up during this
period.
Catch Basin Maintenance
An in-depth study of floatable discharges to New
York Harbor was recently completed. The final
report recommended that the City adopt a two year
cycle for cleaning catch basins, which number well
over 100,000 city-wide. In trying to meet this goal,
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the City cleaned 63,500 catch basins in 1996.
Approximately 32,000 were scheduled cleanings,
and the remaining were the result of complaints
phoned into the City's Department of
Environmental Protection.
Water Conservation
As part of its Water Smart Technology Program,
Seattle Water in Washington offered technical
assistance and financial incentives to commercial
customers to encourage installation of water
conservation technologies. The financial incentives
included refunds of as much as 50 percent of the
installed cost for an approved conservation project.
Through June 1997, the incentive program spent
$1.2 million, and has seen a savings of
approximately 0.9 MOD. Seattle Water also
created a toilet rebate program. The program offers
rebates of $100-$150 for each fixture replaced.
Through June 1997, the toilet program has spent
$1.4 million, and installed more than 8,000 fixtures
with an estimated water savings of 0.8 MGD. In
total, the programs have conserved approximately
1.7 MGD for the $2.6 million spent.
Fertilizer and Pesticide Control
The local hazardous waste program in King County,
WA, sponsors an annual Green Gardening Program.
The program focuses on integrated pest
management (IPM). Major program components
include working with schools, hosting tours of
gardens grown with little or no pesticides, and
holding workshops for nursery store staff, master
gardeners, and professional grounds managers.
Nearly 2,000 people participated in the various
activities in 1996, and 41 percent of participants
said they were very likely to adopt green gardening
methods. Additionally, the Washington State
University Cooperative Extension promotes the
Green Gardening Program in its weekly newspaper
column for ten weeks each spring.
Sediment and Erosion Control
The Louisville and Jefferson County Metropolitan
Sewer District (MSD) in Kentucky developed
erosion control standards for the county. The
standards require erosion controls (silt fence
placement) to be in place before the soil is
disturbed, and will stipulate that any site left 14 days
without activity be stabilized. Additionally, no more
than 500 linear meters (1,500 linear feet) of earth
can be disturbed at one time.
In addition, the local governments of Louisville
and Jefferson County are working together to
reduce the generation of household and industrial
wastes. The MSD modified wastewater rates to
encourage industrial water conservation and
pretreatment. Additionally, an erosion control plan
is now a required component for construction
activities. MSD developed a set of minimum
requirements which can be easily inserted into most
construction plans. Recently, MSD offered
instruction in sediment and erosion control to
private design engineering firms and contractors
who frequently work on municipal projects and to
government employees involved in planning, design,
construction, and inspection. Complementing that
work, the Department of Solid Waste Management
and Services (SWMS) has reduced the amount of
household waste entering local landfills by providing
separate weekly collections for recyclable and
compostable waste. To further encourage waste
reduction, SWMS has reduced residential garbage
collection from twice to once per week. Also, the
Jefferson County Department of Environmental
Protection and Management has opened a
permanent center for the disposal of household
hazardous waste. The combined efforts have
yielded the collection of 170 million kilograms
(168,000 tons) of recyclable materials in 1996, the
recycling or reuse of more than 85 percent of the
household hazardous waste brought to the center,
and decreased water demands from a growing
population.
COSTS
Cost comparisons for the wide range of strategies
used for pollution prevention are difficult to make
without consideration of site-specific factors. The
following section summarizes the range of costs
representative of each pollution prevention
technique:
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Solid Waste Management
Sediment and Erosion Control
Costs vary greatly depending on the type of
program implemented and the size of the
community.
Waste Reduction and Recycling
The costs associated with municipal recycling
programs are typically between one and two dollars
per household per month. This estimate includes
expenses of 7.4 to 7.8 cents per kilogram ($75-80
per ton) to collect the recyclables. However,
recyclables often generate $0.02-0.025 per kilogram
($20-25 per ton) in revenue.
Street Cleaning
Cost will depend on the frequency of cleaning, the
number of cars on the street, the degree of
enforcement of parking regulations, the volume of
litter, and the types of labor and machinery
employed. Cost will also depend on the landfill
tipping fees associated with the removed debris. The
reported costs of sweeping vary widely, but average
$62 per curb kilometer ($100 per curb mile).
Catch Basin Maintenance
The cost to clean catch basins can range from $65
to $110 per basin, depending on the type of
equipment used. This figure includes machine
rental, fuel, and labor costs. The purchase cost for
vacuum trucks ranges from $150,000 to $200,000
for trucks having a capacity of 7.6 to 12.2 cubic
meters (10 to 16 cubic yards) of material. Recent
technological advances have produced high
performance vacuum sweeping trucks that can also
clean out catch basins. Maintenance costs are
estimated by a manufacturer to range from $12,500
to $15,000 per truck per year. The cost estimate
does not include fuel, but reflects costs for routine
maintenance materials and mechanic-time.
Water Conservation
Costs are closely tied to program specifics.
Incentive programs average a one-time cost of
$0.25-0.50 cents per liter ($1 to $2 per gallon) of
water saved per day.
Blankets/Fencing
Netted erosion control blankets average $0.75 per
square meter ($0.65 per square yard) for straw and
$1.35 per square meter ($1.15 per square yard) for
coconut-based material (50 square meter/60 square
yard blankets). Tight-knit coconut fiber rolls, for
long steep slopes, average $2.40-4.20 per square
meter ($2.00-3.50 per square yard). Synthetic
blankets average $4.80 per square meter ($4.00 per
square yard). Silt fences (with pocketed post slots)
are sold by the 30.5 meter (100 foot roll), with
prices starting at $0.11 to $0.15 per linear meter
($0.35 to $0.50 per linear foot), uninstalled.
Vegetative Controls
Vegetative controls include broadcast seeding and
hydroseeding. Typical costs for simple broadcast
seeding with an economical erosion control seed
mix are $245-$620 per hectare ($100-$250 per
acre). Commercial hydroseeding averages $1980-
$2470 per hectare (800-$ 1000) per acre. The cost
of supplying any needed water to the site can result
in significant additional costs. Devices aimed at
keeping seed in place during germination include
straw mulch ($2.00-$4.00 per bale) and straw
wattles ($4.25 per linear meter, or $1.30 per linear
foot).
Inlet Protection
Catch basin inlet protection can include inlet bags,
grate wraps, woodchip-filled mesh bags, and
rock/block/screens. Inlet bags and grate wraps
average $60-$75 per unit. Woodchip filter bags,
where available, average $2.75 per 25 centimeter by
75 centimeter (10 inch by 30 inch) bag.
Rock/block/screen average $12-$ 15 per inlet,
although most of this material can later be used for
construction purposes.
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Construction Entrance Protection
Woven geotextile fabric costs average $1.10-$2.30
per square meter ($0.90-$1.90 per square yard).
Three-inch minus rock costs average $6.50-$8.75
per meter ($6.00-$8.00 per yard) plus delivery
charges.
REFERENCES
1. Bryd, R. E., 1987. "A Storm Water-Borne
Pollutant Export From Turfgrass
Established on Soils Amended with
Composted Domestic Wastewater Sludges."
Master's Thesis, Virginia Tech.
2. New York City Department of
Environmental Protection, 1995. City-Wide
Floatables Study. Prepared for the Bureau
of Environmental Engineering, Division of
Water Quality Improvement, by HydroQual,
Inc.
3. U.S. EPA, 1992. Storm Water
Management for Industrial
A ctivities;Developing Pollution Prevention
Plans and Best Management Practices.
EPA 832/R-92-006.
City of New York, New York
Eric Delva
Bureau of Clean Water
New York City Department of Environmental
Protection
96-05 Horace Harding Express Way
Corona, NY 11368
Rouge River Demonstration Project
Vyto Kaunelis
Wayne County Department of Environment
415 Clifford Street, 7th Floor
Detroit, MI 48226
City of South Portland, Maine
Jay Reynolds
City of South Portland Engineering Department
25 Cottage Road
South Portland, ME 04106
The mention of trade names or commercial products
does not constitute endorsement or recommendation
for the use by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency.
4. U.S. EPA, 1992. Storm Water
Management for Construction Activities;
Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and
Best Management Practices. EPA 832/R-
92-005.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Jefferson County Metro Sewer District
Dan Knowles
700 West Liberty Street
Louisville, KY 40203
King County, Washington
Dave Hancock
Department of Natural Resources, Water and Land
Resources Division, Drainage Services Section
700 5th Avenue, Suite 2200
Seattle, WA 98104
For more information contact:
Municipal Technology Branch
U.S. EPA
Mail Code 4204
401 M St., S.W.
Washington, D.C., 20460
Excellence In compliance through optlnal technical solutions
MUNICIPAL TECHNOLOGY BRAN(
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