MiOHb 2008
M HeOnaronpnaTHbie
BOSAGMCTBMfl OKpy>Ka tOUjeil
cpeflbi
l/lH(f)OpMaLlMFl flflfl nOlKMflblX
33 HHMH
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CL>
CL>
EC/IM BdM nOCTdBM/IM
MJIM
KOTOpbIM
H
cocyancToro
Bbl CTdHOBHTeCb
donee yasBHMbiM K
He6naronpnarHbiM
TdKHM KdK
H
reMneparypa
no craTMCTHKe xi/ire/ii/i
CLUA B Bospacre 65
n CTapwe, 20%
n 15% xeHmi/iH
6o;ibHbi fluaOeroM. Eo/iee
H6M 60 MMJU1MOHOB JUOfleM B
CLUA 6o;ieK)T fluaOeroM
cepfleHHO-cocyqucToro
(nopOKa cepflua
M
flna6er HB^nercH OAHOM us
10 caMbix pacnpocrpaHeHHbix
CMepiHOCTM B CLLJA
n xeHiynH crapiue 65
M 06xOflMTCH aMepMKaHCKOMy
6o^ee neivi B 132
exeroflHO
HTO TaKoe flna6eT?
flna6er BOSHMKaer, Koraa oprannsM
nepecraer BbipaOaibiBarb MHcy^nH,
, Bbipa6arbiBaeMbiM
xe/iesoi/i. OH
raKxe BOSHMKaer, Koraa opram/i3M
He peampyer na MHcy^nH
o6pasoM.
3Toro
, XOTH na STO BJIMHIOT
n o6pas
XMSHM, nanpniviep oxupenne n
CyiyecTByer necKO^bKO TMHOB
fluaOera, HO Han6o;iee Hacro
BcrpenaiOTCH fluaOer 1rnna
n 2 runa. flna6er 2 Tuna,
B 90%
pacnpocrpaHeH cpeflu noxmibix
n\O{\e\A. JllOflM C M36blTOHHblM B6COM
n Beflyiyne Ma^onoflBuxHbii/i o6pas
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2 Tuna.
i pucKa
npucryna, MHcy^bra n era
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norepio spenn
CepflUa M KpOB6HOCHblX
cocyqoB, MHcy^
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nopaxenne nepBHOM cucreMbi.
OKpyxaiomew cpeflbi,
T3KMM K3K 3arpH3H6HHblM BOSflyX M
noBbiiueHHaH reMneparypa BOSflyxa
Moxer yxyqujarb cocroHHue
, xi/iBymero c
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K3K cJiaKTOpbi
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cnoco6bi
BO3A6MCTBlie 3arpfl3H6HHOrO
noBbiiueHHoii Tenineparypbi BOSAyxa.
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Han6o/iee pacnpocrpaHGH
HaUMOHa/lbHblX MGHbUJMHCTB
B 2001 rofly fluaOer sam/iMa/i nnroe MecTO
Han6o;iee pacnpocTpaHem-ibix npunnH
CMepiHOCTM n wecToe MecTO cpeflu Han6o;iee
pacnpocrpaHeHHbix npunnH MyxcKOM
KopeHHbix aiviepuKaHueB n
flna6er Han6o;iee nacre BcrpenaeTCH y
a0poaMepnKaHueB, KopeHHbix
aiviepuKaHueB asuarcKoro nponcxoxfleHun, KopeHHbix
xi/rre/ieM o. (aBawn n Apyrax OCTPOBOB Tuxoro
OKeana n y narnHoaMepuKaHueB. TeMHOKOxne
xMie/iM He narnHoaMepuKaHCKoro
no craTMCTMKe noflBepxenbi
BbicoKOMy ypOBHio 3a6o^eBaeMOCTM
no cpaBHeHMK) c 6e;iOKOXMMM xnre^HMM He
narnHoaMepuKaHCKoro nponcxoxfleHun (23% nporuB
14%). TaKxe no ciari/iCTi/iKe narnHoaMepuKaHUbi
noflBepxenbi SHaHnre^bHO 6o;iee BbicoKOMy ypOBHio
3a6o^eBaeMOCTM fluaOeroM, neivi 6e^OKOxne
He naTMHoaMepuKaHCKoro nponcxoxflennH (24%
r Hace/ieHMR B Bospacre 65 ner M
CTapiu0 c fli/iarHOSOM ,cii/ia60T
(no STHMHecKOM npnHa,qjie>KHOCTii)5
25%_
20_%_
15%
10%
5%
0%
14%
23%
24%
BejioKoxwe He TeMHOKOxne He
OKpy>KaK)inei cpeflbi
Moryi OKasarb B/innHne Ha
y n\oaev\, CTpaflatoiynx fluaOeroM, noBbiujaercH
ypOBeHb rocnuTa^nsauMM n CMepTHOcru
cepflenHO-cocyqucTbix
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, HTO n\ORv\, xnBymne c fluaOeroM,
PUCK OTpi/iuaTe/ibHbix noc^eflCTBui/i ns-sa
B03fl6MCTBMH BpeflHblX HaCTMU V\HV\ 3arpH3H6HHOrO
BOSflyxa, npucyrcTBytomnx, K3K B noMemennn, raK
n na y/iMue. Bflbixanne BpeflHbix nacTnu (nanpniviep,
Ta6aHHbiM flbiM, Bbix^onHbie rasbi,
Bbi6pocbi n caxa or cxurannH TBepfloro
Moxer yBe^MHMTb PUCK cepflenHoro npucryna n
us HeflaBHux ncc^eflOBaHMM 6bmo o6HapyxeHO,
HTO y Bspoc/ibix n\oaev\, CTpaflatoiynx fluaOeroM B
Koraa OHM noflBepxenbi BbicoKOMy ypOBHio BpeflHbix
nacTnu B BOSflyxe or BbixjionHbix rasoB n BbicoKOMy
ypOBHio Bbi6pocoB yro^bHbix s^eKipocTaHUMM,
CHuxaercH cnoco6HOCTb KpOBenocHbix cocyqoB
pery^npOBarb KpOBHHoe flas/iem/ie. CHuxeHne
KpOBHHoro flaB^ennH accounnpyeTCH c
PMCKOM cepflenHoro npucryna,
n flpyrux 3a6o^eBaHMM cepflua.
B flpyrux ncc;ie,qoBaHMFix noKasano,
ypOB6Hb 3arpH3H6HMH BOSflyxa BblCOK,
reMneparypa eo3/?yxa
reMneparyp Bbiiue 32 rpaflycoB no
Moxer 6biTb onenb onacHbiM, oco6eHHO
ypOB6Hb B^aXHOCTb T3KX6 BblCOKMM. OpraHMSMy
, CTpaflatoiynx fluaOeroM, HaMHoro c^oxnee
peryjii/ipOBarb reMneparypy7 re^a npn
reMneparype BOSflyxa. Ec^n Bbi xnBere c
fluaOeroM, BaM c^eflyer
npeflOCTOpoxHOCTM B nepnoflbi, Koraa
noBbiujeHHan reMneparypa BOSflyxa.
BOSfleMCTBui/i noBbiiueHHbix reMneparyp -
3TO nyniijaH saiynra. KoHflnunoHnpOBaHne BOSflyxa
OflHO us nynujnx peiueHMM A/in saiynTbi n\Of\e\A or
xapbi n, K3K c^eflCTBue, or 3a6o^eBaHMM n
MCXOflOB8.
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Bbl MOK6T6 CflGJiaTb, HTO6bl
MMHUMMSupoeaTb He6jiaronpnHTHoe
oKpy>KaioiiieM cpeflbi?
OrPAHMHEHME KOHTAKTOB C HEBJIArOriPMflTHblMM
OAKTOPAMM OKPY>KAK)L11EM CPEflbl
• CoKpaTiire BOSAeucTBiie Bbix/iormbix rasoe u sarpnsHeHHoro Hapy>KHoro
eosflyxa
fljiH Toro, HTo6bi ysHaib, Koraa BOSflyx craHOBMTCH He6jiaronpi/iFm-ibiM AJIH sflOpOBbH n\Of\e\A,
IOTHOCHLU.MXCFI K rpynne pucKa, o6pam.aMTe BHHMam/ie Ha npomos noKasarejiFi KaneciBa BOSflyxa
(flKB). Koraa flKB craHOBHTCH BNCOKUM, cor^acyMie co CBOMM BpanoM CHMxenne ypOBHH
narpysKM. ECJIM B BaiueM flOMe noHB^neTCH flbiM or necHoro v\nv\ flpyrux noxapOB, v\nv\, ecnv\
Bbi npoxuBaere B KOMMyinajibHOM noMeiyeHnn, n B BaiueM xi/mi/ime noHB^neTCH flbiM v\m sanax
or npuroroB^eHMH nuiyn, BK^tOHnre KOHflnunoHep B pexnM peuupKy^Hunn BOSflyxa,
or npuroroB^eHMH nuiyn, BK^tOHnre KOHflnunoHep B pexnM peuupKy^Hunn BOSflyxa, saKpowre
OKHa, noKa flbiM He ncnesHeT. CoKparnTe BpeMH CBoero npe6biBaHMH B TpaHcnopre. Ms6eraMTe
0M3MHeCKOM aKTMBHOCTM. OpaHI/NbTe CB06 npe6blBaHM6 B6^M3M flOpOf C 60/lbUJMM flBMXeHM6M.
He flonycKawre flbiM BHyrpu
|Ms6eraMTe raOaHHoro flbiMa. flpn BOSMOXHOCTM nonpocure Kypniynx n\ORev\ Kypurb na
y^nue. Bbi6npaMTe pecropaHbi, 6apbi n flpyrne o6iyecTBeHHbie Mecra A^H HeKypniynx n\ORev\.
noMemem/ie c flpOBHHbiMM nenaiviM n
II Byflbie ociopOKHbi, Korfla BbinonmqeTe pa6oiy no flowiy
Ec^n Bbi n^aHnpyi/iTe noKpacoHHbie pa6orbi BHyrpn noMeiyeHMH cocraBbTe rpa0MK pa6or, Koraa
flBepM M OKH3 MOXHO flepxaib OTKpblTbIMM M MCnO^bSOBaTb BeHTM^HTOpbl fl^H npOB6TpMBaHMH
. Macro Renav\ie nepepbiBbi c BbixoflOM na CBexni/i BOSflyx, nsOeraMie
npeflOCTOpoxHOCTM npn pa6ore c KpacKaMM, coflepxaiynMM CBuneu.
KpaCKM H3 OCHOB6 CBMHU3 H6 HOJlbSyMTeCb neHTOHHO-UJ^M^OBa^bHblM CT3HKOM, npOnaHOBOM
rope^KOM, crpyi/iHOM BOSflyiiJHOM cytun^KOM, CKpe6KOM v\m a6pasnBHOM 6yMaroM, T.K. npn MX
i/icno;ib30BaHMM BOSHMKaer 6o^biuoe KonnnecTBO CBMHUOBOM nbmi/i n
IB CBexeBbiKpaiueHHOM noMemeHnn B renem/ie necKO^bKnx anew.
flepefl Hana/iOM npOBeflennH peMOHia B flOMe HOCTPOMKM panee 1978 rofla co6^iOflaMTe
I
• SaiMMTMTe ce6n BO speivia nepnofloe noBbimeHMbix reMneparyp
IBK^ionaMTe CBOM KOHflnunoHep v\nv\ Haxoflnrecb B noMemeHunx c KOHflnunoHepOM B BaiueM
flOMe. flpuMnre npox^aflHbii/i flyiu v\nv\ BaHHy. Hocure nerKyio, CBer/iyio n npocropHyio Oflex
Cnpocure y Bpana v\nv\ Meflcecrpbi, yBe^MHUBaer JIM Baiue jieKapciBO BOcnpnnMHUBOCTb K
saOojieBam/iHM, CBHsaHHbiM c BbicoKMMM TeMneparypaMM.
FlpuHMMaMTe 6o/ibiuoe KOJinnecTBO XMAKOCTM, HO nsOeraMie HanniKOB, coflepxaiynx K00enH
MJIM a/iKorojib. 3rn HannTKM Moryr BbiSBarb o6e3BOXMBam/ie n yBe^nnnTb yr^eBOflHyio narpysKy.
ECJIM span orpaHUHMBaer npneM XMAKOCTM, cnpocme y Hero, Karae KOJinnecTBO XMAKOCTM B3M
c/ieflyer npuHMMaib BO BpeMH xapbi.
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fl/ia noKM/ibix jiK),qeii (Aging Initiative) pea/msyeTCfl fl/ia saini/iTbi
nOKMJlblX JHOflGll OT B03fleilCTBI/lil OKpy>KaK)LHeil Cpeflbl nOCpeflCTBOM
HayHHbix MCCJieflOBaHMM, npocpmiaKTMHecKMx CTparemii M rocyqapCTBem-ioro
npocBemem/ifl. Bonee no,qpo6i-iyK) m-icpopMaui/iK) 06 Mm/mi/iaTi/iBe fl/ia no>Kmibix jiK),qeii
MO>KHO nonyHMTb, noceTMB Be6-caiiT www.epa.gov/aging.
Marepna/ibi:
U.S. EPA
CocroHHue BOSflyxa BHyrpn
www.epa.gov/iaq/
noKasare^b KaneciBa BOSflyxa:
www.epa.gov/airnow
no KOHTPO^IO n
aHMFi
http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/
MHCTMTyr fluaOera,
http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/
AccounaunH
www.diabetes.org
M nOflCHGHMfl
1 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and
Kidney Diseases. National Diabetes Statistics fact
sheet: general information and national estimates on
diabetes in the United States, 2005. Bethesda, MD:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
National Institutes of Health, 2005.
2 Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the
metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from
the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination
Survey. JAMA 2002; 287(3): 356-9.
3 Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related
Statistics. Older Americans Update 2006: Key
Indicators of Well-Being. Washington, DC. U.S.
Governmental Printing Office. May 2006.
4 Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related
Statistics. Older Americans 2004: Key Indicators of
Well-Being. Washington, DC. U.S. Governmental
Printing Office. November 2004.
5 Goldberg MS, Burnett RT, Bailar JC 3rd, Brook J,
Bonvalot Y, Tamblyn R, Singh R, Valois MF Vincent R.
The association between daily mortality and ambient air
particle pollution in Montreal, Quebec, 2: cause-specific
mortality. Environ Res. 2001; 86(1): 26-36.
6 Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Cardiovascular damage
by airborne particles: are diabetics more susceptible?
Epidemiology 2002; 13(5): 588-92.
7 USEPA. Excessive Heat Events Guidebook. Office
of Atmospheric Programs (6207J). Washington, DC.
EPA 430-B-06-006. June 2006.
8 Naughton MP, Henderson A, Mirabelli MC, Kaiser
R, Wilhelm JL, Kieszak SM, Rubin CH, McGeehin
MA. Heat-related mortality during a 1999 heat wave in
Chicago. Am J Prev Med. 2002; 22(4): 328-9.
Protecting the Health
of Older Americans
Russian translation of: Diabetes and Environmental
Hazards
Publication Number: EPA 100-F-08-053
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