MiOHb 2008 M HeOnaronpnaTHbie BOSAGMCTBMfl OKpy>Ka tOUjeil cpeflbi l/lH(f)OpMaLlMFl flflfl nOlKMflblX 33 HHMH V\ CL> CL> EC/IM BdM nOCTdBM/IM MJIM KOTOpbIM H cocyancToro Bbl CTdHOBHTeCb donee yasBHMbiM K He6naronpnarHbiM TdKHM KdK H reMneparypa no craTMCTHKe xi/ire/ii/i CLUA B Bospacre 65 n CTapwe, 20% n 15% xeHmi/iH 6o;ibHbi fluaOeroM. Eo/iee H6M 60 MMJU1MOHOB JUOfleM B CLUA 6o;ieK)T fluaOeroM cepfleHHO-cocyqucToro (nopOKa cepflua M flna6er HB^nercH OAHOM us 10 caMbix pacnpocrpaHeHHbix CMepiHOCTM B CLLJA n xeHiynH crapiue 65 M 06xOflMTCH aMepMKaHCKOMy 6o^ee neivi B 132 exeroflHO HTO TaKoe flna6eT? flna6er BOSHMKaer, Koraa oprannsM nepecraer BbipaOaibiBarb MHcy^nH, , Bbipa6arbiBaeMbiM xe/iesoi/i. OH raKxe BOSHMKaer, Koraa opram/i3M He peampyer na MHcy^nH o6pasoM. 3Toro , XOTH na STO BJIMHIOT n o6pas XMSHM, nanpniviep oxupenne n CyiyecTByer necKO^bKO TMHOB fluaOera, HO Han6o;iee Hacro BcrpenaiOTCH fluaOer 1rnna n 2 runa. flna6er 2 Tuna, B 90% pacnpocrpaHeH cpeflu noxmibix n\O{\e\A. JllOflM C M36blTOHHblM B6COM n Beflyiyne Ma^onoflBuxHbii/i o6pas XMSHM naiye Bcero noflBepxenbi 2 Tuna. i pucKa npucryna, MHcy^bra n era oc^oxHeHneM Moxer 6biTb njioxan uupKy^HUMH KPOBM. 3ro Moxer npuBecTM K npo6^eMaM co SflOpOBbeM, norepio spenn CepflUa M KpOB6HOCHblX cocyqoB, MHcy^ HeflOCTaroHHOCTb, aMnyraunH n nopaxenne nepBHOM cucreMbi. OKpyxaiomew cpeflbi, T3KMM K3K 3arpH3H6HHblM BOSflyX M noBbiiueHHaH reMneparypa BOSflyxa Moxer yxyqujarb cocroHHue , xi/iBymero c MHCjjOpMaMMOHHblM 6lOJUieTeHb nOABOAMT MTOF, K3K cJiaKTOpbi no>Kiijibix cpeAbi nioryr B/inriTb Ha cnoco6bi BO3A6MCTBlie 3arpfl3H6HHOrO noBbiiueHHoii Tenineparypbi BOSAyxa. ------- Han6o/iee pacnpocrpaHGH HaUMOHa/lbHblX MGHbUJMHCTB B 2001 rofly fluaOer sam/iMa/i nnroe MecTO Han6o;iee pacnpocTpaHem-ibix npunnH CMepiHOCTM n wecToe MecTO cpeflu Han6o;iee pacnpocrpaHeHHbix npunnH MyxcKOM KopeHHbix aiviepuKaHueB n flna6er Han6o;iee nacre BcrpenaeTCH y a0poaMepnKaHueB, KopeHHbix aiviepuKaHueB asuarcKoro nponcxoxfleHun, KopeHHbix xi/rre/ieM o. (aBawn n Apyrax OCTPOBOB Tuxoro OKeana n y narnHoaMepuKaHueB. TeMHOKOxne xMie/iM He narnHoaMepuKaHCKoro no craTMCTMKe noflBepxenbi BbicoKOMy ypOBHio 3a6o^eBaeMOCTM no cpaBHeHMK) c 6e;iOKOXMMM xnre^HMM He narnHoaMepuKaHCKoro nponcxoxfleHun (23% nporuB 14%). TaKxe no ciari/iCTi/iKe narnHoaMepuKaHUbi noflBepxenbi SHaHnre^bHO 6o;iee BbicoKOMy ypOBHio 3a6o^eBaeMOCTM fluaOeroM, neivi 6e^OKOxne He naTMHoaMepuKaHCKoro nponcxoxflennH (24% r Hace/ieHMR B Bospacre 65 ner M CTapiu0 c fli/iarHOSOM ,cii/ia60T (no STHMHecKOM npnHa,qjie>KHOCTii)5 25%_ 20_%_ 15% 10% 5% 0% 14% 23% 24% BejioKoxwe He TeMHOKOxne He OKpy>KaK)inei cpeflbi Moryi OKasarb B/innHne Ha y n\oaev\, CTpaflatoiynx fluaOeroM, noBbiujaercH ypOBeHb rocnuTa^nsauMM n CMepTHOcru cepflenHO-cocyqucTbix CocTonmie ar/wocqbept/ , HTO n\ORv\, xnBymne c fluaOeroM, PUCK OTpi/iuaTe/ibHbix noc^eflCTBui/i ns-sa B03fl6MCTBMH BpeflHblX HaCTMU V\HV\ 3arpH3H6HHOrO BOSflyxa, npucyrcTBytomnx, K3K B noMemennn, raK n na y/iMue. Bflbixanne BpeflHbix nacTnu (nanpniviep, Ta6aHHbiM flbiM, Bbix^onHbie rasbi, Bbi6pocbi n caxa or cxurannH TBepfloro Moxer yBe^MHMTb PUCK cepflenHoro npucryna n us HeflaBHux ncc^eflOBaHMM 6bmo o6HapyxeHO, HTO y Bspoc/ibix n\oaev\, CTpaflatoiynx fluaOeroM B Koraa OHM noflBepxenbi BbicoKOMy ypOBHio BpeflHbix nacTnu B BOSflyxe or BbixjionHbix rasoB n BbicoKOMy ypOBHio Bbi6pocoB yro^bHbix s^eKipocTaHUMM, CHuxaercH cnoco6HOCTb KpOBenocHbix cocyqoB pery^npOBarb KpOBHHoe flas/iem/ie. CHuxeHne KpOBHHoro flaB^ennH accounnpyeTCH c PMCKOM cepflenHoro npucryna, n flpyrux 3a6o^eBaHMM cepflua. B flpyrux ncc;ie,qoBaHMFix noKasano, ypOB6Hb 3arpH3H6HMH BOSflyxa BblCOK, reMneparypa eo3/?yxa reMneparyp Bbiiue 32 rpaflycoB no Moxer 6biTb onenb onacHbiM, oco6eHHO ypOB6Hb B^aXHOCTb T3KX6 BblCOKMM. OpraHMSMy , CTpaflatoiynx fluaOeroM, HaMHoro c^oxnee peryjii/ipOBarb reMneparypy7 re^a npn reMneparype BOSflyxa. Ec^n Bbi xnBere c fluaOeroM, BaM c^eflyer npeflOCTOpoxHOCTM B nepnoflbi, Koraa noBbiujeHHan reMneparypa BOSflyxa. BOSfleMCTBui/i noBbiiueHHbix reMneparyp - 3TO nyniijaH saiynra. KoHflnunoHnpOBaHne BOSflyxa OflHO us nynujnx peiueHMM A/in saiynTbi n\Of\e\A or xapbi n, K3K c^eflCTBue, or 3a6o^eBaHMM n MCXOflOB8. ------- Bbl MOK6T6 CflGJiaTb, HTO6bl MMHUMMSupoeaTb He6jiaronpnHTHoe oKpy>KaioiiieM cpeflbi? OrPAHMHEHME KOHTAKTOB C HEBJIArOriPMflTHblMM OAKTOPAMM OKPY>KAK)L11EM CPEflbl • CoKpaTiire BOSAeucTBiie Bbix/iormbix rasoe u sarpnsHeHHoro Hapy>KHoro eosflyxa fljiH Toro, HTo6bi ysHaib, Koraa BOSflyx craHOBMTCH He6jiaronpi/iFm-ibiM AJIH sflOpOBbH n\Of\e\A, IOTHOCHLU.MXCFI K rpynne pucKa, o6pam.aMTe BHHMam/ie Ha npomos noKasarejiFi KaneciBa BOSflyxa (flKB). Koraa flKB craHOBHTCH BNCOKUM, cor^acyMie co CBOMM BpanoM CHMxenne ypOBHH narpysKM. ECJIM B BaiueM flOMe noHB^neTCH flbiM or necHoro v\nv\ flpyrux noxapOB, v\nv\, ecnv\ Bbi npoxuBaere B KOMMyinajibHOM noMeiyeHnn, n B BaiueM xi/mi/ime noHB^neTCH flbiM v\m sanax or npuroroB^eHMH nuiyn, BK^tOHnre KOHflnunoHep B pexnM peuupKy^Hunn BOSflyxa, or npuroroB^eHMH nuiyn, BK^tOHnre KOHflnunoHep B pexnM peuupKy^Hunn BOSflyxa, saKpowre OKHa, noKa flbiM He ncnesHeT. CoKparnTe BpeMH CBoero npe6biBaHMH B TpaHcnopre. Ms6eraMTe 0M3MHeCKOM aKTMBHOCTM. OpaHI/NbTe CB06 npe6blBaHM6 B6^M3M flOpOf C 60/lbUJMM flBMXeHM6M. He flonycKawre flbiM BHyrpu |Ms6eraMTe raOaHHoro flbiMa. flpn BOSMOXHOCTM nonpocure Kypniynx n\ORev\ Kypurb na y^nue. Bbi6npaMTe pecropaHbi, 6apbi n flpyrne o6iyecTBeHHbie Mecra A^H HeKypniynx n\ORev\. noMemem/ie c flpOBHHbiMM nenaiviM n II Byflbie ociopOKHbi, Korfla BbinonmqeTe pa6oiy no flowiy Ec^n Bbi n^aHnpyi/iTe noKpacoHHbie pa6orbi BHyrpn noMeiyeHMH cocraBbTe rpa0MK pa6or, Koraa flBepM M OKH3 MOXHO flepxaib OTKpblTbIMM M MCnO^bSOBaTb BeHTM^HTOpbl fl^H npOB6TpMBaHMH . Macro Renav\ie nepepbiBbi c BbixoflOM na CBexni/i BOSflyx, nsOeraMie npeflOCTOpoxHOCTM npn pa6ore c KpacKaMM, coflepxaiynMM CBuneu. KpaCKM H3 OCHOB6 CBMHU3 H6 HOJlbSyMTeCb neHTOHHO-UJ^M^OBa^bHblM CT3HKOM, npOnaHOBOM rope^KOM, crpyi/iHOM BOSflyiiJHOM cytun^KOM, CKpe6KOM v\m a6pasnBHOM 6yMaroM, T.K. npn MX i/icno;ib30BaHMM BOSHMKaer 6o^biuoe KonnnecTBO CBMHUOBOM nbmi/i n IB CBexeBbiKpaiueHHOM noMemeHnn B renem/ie necKO^bKnx anew. flepefl Hana/iOM npOBeflennH peMOHia B flOMe HOCTPOMKM panee 1978 rofla co6^iOflaMTe I • SaiMMTMTe ce6n BO speivia nepnofloe noBbimeHMbix reMneparyp IBK^ionaMTe CBOM KOHflnunoHep v\nv\ Haxoflnrecb B noMemeHunx c KOHflnunoHepOM B BaiueM flOMe. flpuMnre npox^aflHbii/i flyiu v\nv\ BaHHy. Hocure nerKyio, CBer/iyio n npocropHyio Oflex Cnpocure y Bpana v\nv\ Meflcecrpbi, yBe^MHUBaer JIM Baiue jieKapciBO BOcnpnnMHUBOCTb K saOojieBam/iHM, CBHsaHHbiM c BbicoKMMM TeMneparypaMM. FlpuHMMaMTe 6o/ibiuoe KOJinnecTBO XMAKOCTM, HO nsOeraMie HanniKOB, coflepxaiynx K00enH MJIM a/iKorojib. 3rn HannTKM Moryr BbiSBarb o6e3BOXMBam/ie n yBe^nnnTb yr^eBOflHyio narpysKy. ECJIM span orpaHUHMBaer npneM XMAKOCTM, cnpocme y Hero, Karae KOJinnecTBO XMAKOCTM B3M c/ieflyer npuHMMaib BO BpeMH xapbi. ------- fl/ia noKM/ibix jiK),qeii (Aging Initiative) pea/msyeTCfl fl/ia saini/iTbi nOKMJlblX JHOflGll OT B03fleilCTBI/lil OKpy>KaK)LHeil Cpeflbl nOCpeflCTBOM HayHHbix MCCJieflOBaHMM, npocpmiaKTMHecKMx CTparemii M rocyqapCTBem-ioro npocBemem/ifl. Bonee no,qpo6i-iyK) m-icpopMaui/iK) 06 Mm/mi/iaTi/iBe fl/ia no>Kmibix jiK),qeii MO>KHO nonyHMTb, noceTMB Be6-caiiT www.epa.gov/aging. Marepna/ibi: U.S. EPA CocroHHue BOSflyxa BHyrpn www.epa.gov/iaq/ noKasare^b KaneciBa BOSflyxa: www.epa.gov/airnow no KOHTPO^IO n aHMFi http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/ MHCTMTyr fluaOera, http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/ AccounaunH www.diabetes.org M nOflCHGHMfl 1 National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. National Diabetes Statistics fact sheet: general information and national estimates on diabetes in the United States, 2005. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 2005. 2 Ford ES, Giles WH, Dietz WH. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. JAMA 2002; 287(3): 356-9. 3 Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics. Older Americans Update 2006: Key Indicators of Well-Being. Washington, DC. U.S. Governmental Printing Office. May 2006. 4 Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics. Older Americans 2004: Key Indicators of Well-Being. Washington, DC. U.S. Governmental Printing Office. November 2004. 5 Goldberg MS, Burnett RT, Bailar JC 3rd, Brook J, Bonvalot Y, Tamblyn R, Singh R, Valois MF Vincent R. The association between daily mortality and ambient air particle pollution in Montreal, Quebec, 2: cause-specific mortality. Environ Res. 2001; 86(1): 26-36. 6 Zanobetti A, Schwartz J. Cardiovascular damage by airborne particles: are diabetics more susceptible? Epidemiology 2002; 13(5): 588-92. 7 USEPA. Excessive Heat Events Guidebook. Office of Atmospheric Programs (6207J). Washington, DC. EPA 430-B-06-006. June 2006. 8 Naughton MP, Henderson A, Mirabelli MC, Kaiser R, Wilhelm JL, Kieszak SM, Rubin CH, McGeehin MA. Heat-related mortality during a 1999 heat wave in Chicago. Am J Prev Med. 2002; 22(4): 328-9. Protecting the Health of Older Americans Russian translation of: Diabetes and Environmental Hazards Publication Number: EPA 100-F-08-053 ------- |