EPA905-R-05-004
September 2005
United States Region 5 Illinois, Indiana,
Environmental Protection 77 West Jackson Boulevard Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio,
Agency Chicago, Illinois 60604 Wisconsin
POLLUTION SOLUTIONS II
Continuing to Promote
Pollution Prevention in the
Great Lakes Basin
M icli i%
A Report on the Pollution Prevention
Grant Program
in the
Great Lakes Basin
Great Lakes National Program Office
Illinois Indiana Michigan Minnesota New York Ohio Pennsylvania Wisconsin
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AKNOWLEDGEMENTS
GLNPO would like to thank the grantees for their hard work and commitment to promoting
pollution prevention around the Great Lakes basin, and for their reviews during this project.
Acknowledgement is due to E.Marie Graziano,Yamille Cirino, Frank Anscombe, Joy
Schnackenback and Ted Smith for their valuable comments and suggestions on this report.
DISCLAIMER
Information in this report is based on information supplied to U.S.EPA by the grantees. Any mention of products or
trade names does not constitute recommendation for use by the U.S. EPA
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Executive Summary 1
APPENDIX A
Project Summaries FY 1992
POLLUTION PREVENTION AND PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN FOR LAKES
SUPERIOR AND MICHIGAN BASIN 4
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, in partnership with Illinois, Indiana Michigan and Wisconsin
environmental agencies
INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER OPERATOR POLLUTION PREVENTION TRAINING 6
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Project Summaries FY 1993
HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE COLLECTION PROGRAM AND
POLLUTION PREVENTION ASSESSMENTS 7
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
ERIE COUNTY REGIONAL MUNICIPAL POLLUTION PREVENTION PROGRAM 9
Western New York Economic Development Corporation/Erie County
OHIO GREAT LAKES BASIN PRETREATMENT POLLUTION PREVENTION 11
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
TOXICS POLLUTION PREVENTION MENTORING 13
Western Lake Superior Sanitary District
MERCURY/PCB OUTREACH AND COLLECTION PROGRAM AND TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE 15
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
POLLUTION PREVENTION ASSESSMENTS IN SUPPORT OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR
BINATIONAL PROGRAM - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO INDUSTRIES 18
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Project Summaries FY 1994
LOCAL GOVERNMENT POLLUTION PREVENTION TARGETING PROJECT
Erie County Department of Environment and Planning 20
ERIE COUNTY CLEAN SWEEPS II 21
Erie County Department of Environment & Planning, Division of Environmental Compliance
Services
POLLUTION PREVENTION EDUCATION AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR
THE LAKE MICHIGAN AND LAKE SUPERIOR BASINS IN WISCONSIN 22
University of Wisconsin, Cooperative Extension, Solid and Hazardous Waste Education Center
in
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CREATIVE POLLUTION SOLUTIONS FOR SOUTHEAST CHICAGO 24
Chicago Legal Clinic, Inc
GREAT PRINTERS PROJECT 25
Council of Great Lakes Governors
AUTO INDUSTRY POLLUTION PREVENTION PROJECT: PHASE II 27
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
CAMPAIGN FOR A SUSTAINABLE CALUMET REGION 29
Center for Neighborhood Technology
GREAT LAKES ALTERNATIVE CLEANING EDUCATION PROGRAM 31
Center for Neighborhood Technology
Project Summaries FY 1995
ZERO DISCHARGE PILOT PROJECT 33
Western Lake Superior Sanitary District (in coordination with Monroe County, New York and the
National Wildlife Federation)
MERCURY REDUCTION THROUGH TREATMENT CHEMICAL SELECTION 34
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
MERCURY REDUCTION AND POLLUTION PREVENTION IN HOSPITALS 35
National Wildlife Federation (in coordination with Monroe County, New York and Western
Lake Superior Sanitary District)
ROCHESTER EMBAYMENT WATERSHED MERCURY POLLUTION PREVENTION
PROGRAM 36
Monroe County Department of Health (in coordination with the National Wildlife Federation and
Western Lake Superior Sanitary District)
Project Summaries FY 1997
VIRTUAL ELIMINATION STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION 37
Great Lakes United
MOBILIZING/COORDINATING INDUSTRY SUPPORT OF THE VIRTUAL ELIMINATION
STRATEGY 39
Council of Great Lakes Industries
HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE CLEAN SWEEP COLLECTION PROGRAM 41
Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin
REDUCING MERCURY RELEASES THROUGH P2 IN HEALTHCARE FACILITIES 42
Illinois Environment Protection Agency
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (NGO) INVOLVEMENT IN IMPLEMENTING
VIRTUAL ELIMINATION 45
National Wildlife Federation
IV
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INDIANA LAKE MICHIGAN PESTICIDE CLEAN SWEEP 47
Purdue University
MERCURY REDUCTION INITIATIVES - CATCH THE FEVER EXCHANGE PROGRAM 49
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
A PARTNERSHIP FOR PREVENTION 51
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
NORTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN AND LAKE SUPERIOR CLEAN SWEEP 54
Michigan Department of Agriculture
Project Summaries FY 1998
NON-COMBUSTION EMISSIONS OF MERCURY IN THE GREAT LAKES AIRSHED 55
Department of Energy - Oak Ridge National Laboratory
BAD RIVER CLEAN SWEEP 57
Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa
GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY SUPPORT - POLLUTION
PREVENTION SPECIALIST 59
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
A COMMUNITY BASED MERCURY REDUCTION ON THE LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN 61
Marquette Community Mercury Reduction Committee
ACHIEVING ZERO DISCHARGE IN HEALTH CARE 62
Western Lake Superior Sanitary District
ERIE COUNTY/TRIBE ENVIRONMENTAL PARTNERSHIP 64
County of Erie, Department of Environment and Planning
1998 CLEAN SWEEP 66
Michigan Department of Agriculture
MERCURY MANOMETER REPLACEMENT ON DAIRY EQUIPMENT 67
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
HEALTH HAZARD OF RITUAL USE OF MERCURY 69
Illinois Department of Public Health
AUTOMOTIVE MERCURY SWITCH COLLECTION RECYCLING PROJECT 72
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
MERCURY EMISSION BANK PILOT PROJECT 74
The Center for Clean Air Policy
EMISSION OF MERCURY FROM CHLOR-ALKALI PLANTS 76
The University of Michigan
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Project Summaries FY 1999
DEFUSING THE CHLOR-ALKALI MERCURY TIME BOMB 78
Institute of European Environmental Policy
MERCURY REMOVAL FROM THE DENTAL-UNIT WASTEWATER SYSTEM 79
Naval Institute for Dental and Biomedical Research
MICHIGAN MERCURY MANOMETER DISPOSAL 81
Michigan Department of Agriculture
MICHIGAN CLEAN SWEEP 82
Michigan Department of Agriculture
MERCURY EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR SCHOOLS 83
Board of Reagents of the University of Wisconsin
LOCAL AND SECTOR-BASED POLLUTION PREVENTION IN THE BTS 85
National Wildlife Federation
MERCURY POLLUTION PREVENTION IN HEALTHCARE INITIATIVE 87
County of Erie-Department of Environment and Planning
CLEAN PRODUCTION PROJECT FOR BASIN COMMUNITIES 89
Great Lakes United
REGIONAL BURN BARREL CAMPAIGN 91
Western Lake Superior Sanitary District
Project Summaries FY 2000
TOXIC REDUCTIONS THROUGH ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION
AMONG INDUSTRIAL BOILERS 93
Delta Institute
PCBs AND ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS WORKSHOP 95
City of Superior, Public Works Department
MOBILIZING/COORDINATING INDUSTRY BNTS PARTICIPATION 96
Council of Great Lakes Industries
REGIONAL LAWNMOWER BUY-BACK PROGRAM 98
City of Chicago
CATCH THE FEVER - MICHIGAN MERCURY THERMOMETER EXCHANGE PROGRAM
(MMTE) 99
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
DENTIST RECYCLING AND AWARENESS TRAINING MODULE 100
The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois
THE GREAT WOOD STOVE AND FIREPLACE CHANGE OUT 102
Hearth Products Association
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MERCURY-FREE ZONE PROGRAM 104
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
LOCAL AND SECTOR BASED POLLUTION PREVENTION 106
National Wildlife Federation
PBT-FREE PURCHASING IN THE GREAT LAKES STATES 108
INFORM, Inc
Project Summaries FY 2001
ERIE COUNTY PILOT COMPUTER RECYCLING PROJECT 110
Erie County (NY) Department of Environment and Planning
MERCURY REDUCTION THROUGH STEEL COMPANY SUPPLY CHAIN 112
The Delta Institute
MERCURY POLLUTION PREVENTION FOR MUNICIPALITIES AND SMALL BUSINESS 114
Western Lake Superior Sanitary District
PBT REDUCTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENT ALLY PREFERABLE PURCHASING 116
Erie County (NY) Department of Environment and Planning
PROMOTING POLLUTION PREVENTION WITH KEY CONSTITUENCIES 118
National Wildlife Federation
EVEN LESS MERCURY IN SCHOOLS 120
University of Wisconsin Extension - Solid & Hazardous Waste Education Center
END-OF-LIFE VEHICLE PROGRAM 123
Great Lakes United
SOURCES OF PCB's TO THE ATMOSPHERE IN CHICAGO 125
Clarkson University
PHASE-OUT OF DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS SUSPECTED TO CONTAIN PCB's AT THREE UTILITIES IN
THE MINNESOTA PORTION OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN 127
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
WISCONSIN AUTOMOBILE/APPLIANCE MERCURY SWITCH COLLECTION AND MERCURY FLOW
Model (Mass Balance) for Distribution of Mercury 129
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
PCB & MERCURY MANAGEMENT IN THE MAUMEE RIVER AOC AND
WESTERN LAKE ERIE BASIN 131
EISC, Inc.
APPENDIX B
Table 1: Summary of Projects funded 133
APPENDIX C
Tables 2-4: Number of Projects, Total Dollar Amounts and Dollars Leveraged for GLNPO Pollution Prevention
and Toxics Reduction Grant Assistance, by Fiscal Years 1992-2001, Lake Basin, and States
respectively 155
APPENDIX D
Figure 1: Total Award amount per State FY 1992-FY2001 157
Figure 2: Dollars Leveraged per State FY 1992-FY2001 158
FigureS: Pollution Prevention Toxic Stressors - all states FY 1992-FY2001 159
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Executive Summary
Introduction
This report provides a summary of activities and accomplishments supported by U.S. EPA's
Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) pollution prevention and toxics reduction
(P2TR) grant program over a ten-year time frame, from 1992 through 2001. The objective of
this report is twofold: 1) to summarize the accomplishments of the P2TR grant program, and, 2)
to provide a resource for environmental professionals that work on P2TR, with which to learn
from these projects and build on the successes that have come from this program.
The P2TR program plays an important role in U.S. EPA's commitment to implement Article
II(a) of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement (GLWQA), which states that "the discharge of
any or all persistent toxic substances (into the Great Lakes System) be virtually eliminated", as
well as the goals and objectives of the Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy (GLBTS). The
GLBTS, developed jointly by Canada and the United States and signed April 7, 1997, provides a
framework for actions to reduce or eliminate PTS, especially those which bioaccumulate, from
the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem. These grants have helped to fund P2TR outreach, education,
collection and disposal, technical research, and program and policy development, all in an effort
to reduce and mitigate the use and release of PTS that impact the Great Lakes Basin Ecosystem.
Between 1992 and 2001 the Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO) of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) awarded 71 P2TR demonstration grants totaling
$4,855,459 to States, Tribes, academic institutions, non-profit organizations, county and
municipal governments, technical assistance providers, and others. These grants have leveraged
$2,156,584 in contributions from grantees and others. The details of each of these projects are
found in Appendix A of this report.
Outcomes: quantitative and qualitative
One important feature of this report is the discussion of project "outcomes." Some outcomes are
not conveniently discrete; a project may be one element within a larger effort that has collective
outcomes, such that it can be hard to apportion credit among individual contributors.
Alternatively, it can sometimes be difficult to express a numeric outcome, such as the collection
of pounds of a substance, into ecological or human health benefits. Alternatively, too, an
outcome may be a report, which could have a positive influence on others, but this can be hard to
gauge.
Because of such factors, most projects deserve to be viewed on a case-by-case basis, seen within
the unique contexts of an individual project. Where salient quantitative metrics are available,
they can be meaningful indicators of outcomes. A well-rounded, thoughtful assessment of a
project's outcomes generally includes non-numeric considerations, as well. In the context of
environmental benefits and costs, former EPA Administrator Michael Leavitt has suggested
"neither quantitative nor qualitative factors [should] dominate." Both perspectives have value.
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With regard to measurable outcomes, these projects have resulted in:
8236 Lbs of mercury removed from use or uncontrolled storage;
5790 mercury thermometers collected from residents within the Great Lakes states and
exchanged for alternative thermometers;
105275 Fluorescent lamps containing mercury collected and recycled.
500 mercury containing auto switches collected from autos (both end of life and in-use)
and properly disposed of;
451 PCB Transformers removed, and the PCB materials properly disposed of, while the
metal, etc. has been recycled;
262,073 Lbs of Pesticides properly disposed of.
7041 Lbs. Of household hazardous waste collected and properly disposed of.
In addition thousands of pounds of electronics and computer equipment containing lead solder,
mercury, and other precious metals have been collected from residents within the Great Lakes
states and properly recycled.
Project Examples
A few notable and innovative demonstration pilot projects funded through the P2TR program
include:
The Western Lake Superior Sanitary District in Duluth, Minnesota and the Bad River
Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians working with the local community to develop
and distribute outreach materials and community service announcements, about the
human health and environmental dangers of open burning of waste and burn barrel
alternatives.
The New York Department of Environmental Conservation and Erie County Department
of Environment training oil change facilities in New York to exchange switches in
automobiles getting their oil changed upon vehicle owner approval.
State and local governments in every Great Lakes State working with hospitals to
eliminate mercury from the facility in partnership with the hospital associations and the
"Healthcare Without Harm" program.
The three major auto manufacturers within the United States modifying the design of
switches installed in new vehicles to eliminate the use of mercury. In addition, these
same auto manufacturers supplying replacement switches for vehicles already in use.
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Conclusions
Since 1992, we have learned a great deal about the value of pollution prevention as a critical tool
in environmental protection, both regionally and nationally. This became even more evident
when the National Pollution Prevention Roundtable in cooperation with the state pollution
prevention programs developed the 2003 report An Ounce of Pollution Prevention is Worth Over
167 Billion Pounds of Cure: A Decade of Pollution Prevention Results 1990-2000. Through the
P2TR program, public awareness has grown significantly and the need for financial support to
develop and maintain P2TR programs within the Great Lakes States that offer PTS collection
and disposal, continuing education, and related program support has evolved. For example,
since 1995 seven Great Lakes states, including Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New
York, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin have adopted legislation to control the use, sale and/or
disposal of mercury containing products with the state. Many county and municipal
governments have established more strict ordinances in states where legislation banning its use
or sale has not been passed. This legislative action is a result of increased public awareness
about PTS, particularly mercury.
The successes of the P2TR grant program provide a strong foundation for further efforts in
pollution prevention, regionally, nationally and internationally. Looking forward, USEPA's
Great Lakes National Program Office is committed to continuing to foster new and innovative
ways to conduct pollution prevention and toxics reduction activities for years to come.
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Appendix A
Title: POLLUTION PREVENTION AND PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGN FOR LAKES
SUPERIOR AND MICHIGAN BASIN (FY92 - X995881-01-0)
Organization: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, in partnership with Illinois, Indiana Michigan
and Wisconsin environmental agencies.
Contact:
Ned Brooks
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
520 Lafayette Road
St. Paul, MN 55155
Telephone: 612-297-8680
Fax: 612-297-8676
E-mail: ned.brooks@pca.state.mn.us
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressor:
Project Type:
$160,000
$8,421
10/1/92 - 9/30/94
Superior
HHW;
Education/Outreach,
HHW Collection
Summary: This grant supported a pollution prevention awareness campaign for Lakes Michigan and
Superior, household hazardous waste collection between Minnesota and Wisconsin, and a program for
management and reduction of waste from very small quantity generators.
Environmental Results/Products:
Pollution Prevention Awareness Campaign
Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin conducted a unified public awareness campaign
that addressed pollution prevention and toxics of concern in the Lake Superior and Lake Michigan
drainage basins. Partners in this project included U.S. EPA, State Remedial Action Plan coordinators, the
Lake Superior Bi-National Work Group Communication Team, and the Lake Michigan Lakewide
Management Plan team.
The partners produced two outreach pieces: Protecting Our Great Lakes, a pollution prevention public
awareness campaign for individuals in the Lake Superior and Michigan basins, and a Disposal Guide to
Household Hazardous Wastes, detailing responsible ways to dispose of various products commonly found
in homes and garages. The disposal guide can be found at:
http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/p2/Lkwatchc.html on the Internet.
Minnesota- Wisconsin Household Hazardous Waste
Through funding under this grant, Wisconsin residents were able to deliver household hazardous waste to
the permanent household hazardous waste education and collection center in Duluth, Minnesota. Very
Small Quantity Generator Program Development There are approximately 2,000 conditionally exempt or
very small quantity generators (VSQGs) of hazardous waste in the Minnesota portion of the Lake
Superior basin. These generators have few options for properly disposing of their waste and need
information and assistance to begin preventing pollution. With funds from this grant, the Western Lake
Superior Sanitary District (WLSSD) developed a program for VSQGs in Minnesota and Wisconsin for
management and reduction of waste. In addition to collecting already generated hazardous wastes,
Household Hazardous Waste
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Appendix A
Minnesota assisted participating VSQGs in identifying opportunities and resources for pollution
prevention with an emphasis on toxics of concern for Lake Superior.
Project Partners:
U.S. EPA, State Remedial Action Plan coordinators
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Indiana Department of Environmental Management
Western Lake Superior Sanitary District
Lake Superior Bi-National Work Group Communication Team
Lake Michigan Lakewide Management Plan Team
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Appendix A
Title: INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER OPERATOR POLLUTION PREVENTION
TRAINING (FY92 - X995882-01-0)
Organization: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Contact: Project Statistics:
Robert Jackson, Chief Award Amount: $40,000
Grants & Information (SARA Title III) Unit Dollars Leveraged: $2,105
Pollution Prevention Section Proj ect Timetable: 10/1/92 - 2115/95
Environmental Assistance Division Lake Basin: Superior
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Toxic Stressor(s): Industrial/Municipal
P.O. Box 30004 Discharge to POTWs
Lansing, Michigan 48909 Project Type: Education/Outreach
Telephone: 517-373-2731
Fax:517-373-3675
E-mail: jacksorc@state.mi.us
Summary: Michigan has eight major dischargers to Lake Superior: four industrial, and four municipal.
This project focused on pollution prevention training for the Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP)
that treat the waste from these dischargers. Michigan developed pollution prevention training
materials specific to the operation of a WWTP and to the pollutants of concern for Lake Superior.
Environmental Results/Products: Staff conducted training in Lansing and Marquette, Michigan in
January 1995. Staff developed the Pollution Prevention Training Manual for Wastewater Treatment Plant
Operators which is available on the Internet for downloading. The address is:
http://www.deq.state.mi.us/ead/potw/.
Products:
Pollution Prevention Training Manual for Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators
http://www.deq.state.mi.us/ead/potw/.
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Appendix A
Title: HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE COLLECTION PROGRAM AND
POLLUTION PREVENTION ASSESSMENTS (FY93 - GL995415-01)
Organization: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Contact: Project Statistics:
Julie Feldpausch, Program Analyst Award Amount: $139,839
Environmental Assistance Division Dollars Leveraged: $8,660
MI Department of Environmental Quality P.O. Project Timetable: 10/1/93 - 9/30/96
Box 30457 Lake Basin(s): Superior
Lansing, MI 48909-7957 Toxics Reduced: 455 Ibs. mercury, 8,999
Telephone: 517-335-0081 Ibs. loose pack pesticide
Fax: 517-335-4729 liquids, 1,017 Ibs. of
E-mail: feldpauj@state.mi.us florescent bulbs
Toxic Stressor(s): HHW, pesticides,
mercury
Project Type: HHW Collection, Ag
Clean Sweep
Summary: This project focused on waste collection and technical assistance in the Michigan,
Minnesota and Wisconsin portions of the Lake Superior Basin.
Collection. The purpose of this project was to provide Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin Lake
Superior basin homeowners and users of agricultural products a means to dispose of unwanted household
hazardous waste and unusable agricultural pesticides. By providing this service at no cost to the
participants, it assured that the materials collected would be recycled or disposed in an environmentally
safe manner, thus avoiding the possible environmental consequences of improper disposal.
Environmental Results/Products: Local contact agencies put out educational information on the need
for the project, and the times, locations and types of materials eligible for collection. This included
newspaper articles or advertisements, radio and television spots, and informational bulletins distributed
by local recycling or environmental groups. The publicity and information distribution added greatly to
the success of this project.
Staff collected more than five semi-truck loads of hazardous wastes. The wastes collected at the five
central collection/assembly areas (Duluth, Marquette, Houghton, Ironwood, and Escanaba) included 455
pounds (Ibs.) of mercury (including lab pack solutions, lab pack solids and elemental), 8,999 Ibs. loose
pack pesticide liquids (dioxins <30%), and 1,017 Ibs. efflorescent bulbs.
Pollution Prevention Assessments: More than forty retired engineers, scientists, and other professionals
were hired through the Retired Engineer Technical Assistance Program (RETAP) and trained to conduct
on-site waste reduction assessments for local businesses and Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs)
whose discharges affect Lake Superior. RETAP staff provided specific guidance to industries and
businesses to reduce the release of toxins. These retired professionals were located throughout the State
and represented diverse industrial and occupational disciplines. Their extensive experience garnered
respect and receptivity among Michigan businesses and institutions. All pollution prevention activities
were closely coordinated with the local POTWs.
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Appendix A
Environmental Results/Products: After detailed on-site assessments, RETAP staff identified problems
and opportunities to reduce waste and achieve cost savings for the facilities. The assessments were free,
voluntary, nonregulatory, and confidential. RETAP conducted 26 preassessments and 14 full assessments
at 10 industries and 16 institutions. The types of industries assessed included wastewater treatment,
metals/machinery fabrication, wood products, corrugated medium, solid waste management, automotive,
and pulp and paper. The types of institutions assessed included hospitals and schoolselementary, high
school, community college, and university. Industrial and institutional organizations continue to request
additional assessments beyond the scope of the funded project. Potential annual cost savings from
RETAP recommendations ranged from $10,000 to $1.5 million per company.
Partners:
Retired Engineer Technical Assistance Program (RETAP)
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Appendix A
Title: ERIE COUNTY REGIONAL MUNICIPAL POLLUTION PREVENTION
PROGRAM (FY93 - GL995373-01-0)
Organization: Western New York Economic Development Corporation/Erie County
Contact: Project Statistics:
Tom Hersey Award Amount: $50,000
Erie County Department of Environment Dollars Leveraged: $6,000
and Planning Project Timetable: 10/01/93-9/30/96
95 Franklin Street Lake Basin(s): Erie
Buffalo, New York 14202 Project Type: Municipal P2 Program,
Telephone: 716-858-7674 Development, Training, and
Fax: 716-858-7713 Assessment
E-mail: hersey@cdbg.co.erie.ny.us
Summary: Erie County, New York established a pollution prevention partnership with the Regional
Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth, Ontario. The Erie County Office of Pollution Prevention also
worked with other local governments within Erie County to adopt pollution prevention policies,
practices, and procedures.
Environmental Results/Products
Bilateral Partnership with Hamilton-Wentworth: The Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth and
Erie County signed a Memorandum of
Understanding on March 30, 1995, which formally launched training and information sharing networks
linking the communities.
Erie County conducted two pollution prevention training sessions for Publicly Owned Treatment Works
(POTW) employees. More than 100 POTW inspectors and managers from both New York and Ontario
attended these sessions. The Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth hosted two pollution
prevention symposiums for municipal officials throughout Canada and the United States, with more
than 150 officials attending these workshops.
The bilateral partnership has enhanced information sharing, allowing both governments to avoid
duplicating efforts. Erie County and the Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth continue to
share information about pollution prevention processes, policies and training.
Erie County/Town of Amherst Pollution Prevention Alliance: The Erie County Office of Pollution
Prevention (ECOPP) established a $20,000 grant program, soliciting proposals from the 44 municipalities
within Erie County. Originally, ECOPP envisioned dividing the funds for local pollution prevention efforts
between four municipalities. However, the Town of Amherst was the only municipality which
demonstrated interest in carrying out the program. Thus the grant program focus shifted toward supporting
incorporation of pollution prevention strategies into one local government's policies and procedures.
The Town of Amherst, with assistance from Erie County, developed a work plan to incorporate
pollution prevention into its policies and procedures. A Town policy, adopted in April 1996, establishes
pollution prevention as a priority in the use and management of hazardous materials. Key Town
employees were trained and the project received a commitment from the Town's leadership before the
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Appendix A
project progressed. Pollution prevention has been included in the pretreatment inspection process,
routine fire and safety inspections, the site plan review process, and the building inspection process. The
Pretreatment Coordinator supplies pollution prevention information and assistance to Town ofAmherst
businesses: Pollution prevention assessments were conducted at a hospital, a university facility
management
department, a university vehicle maintenance department, two large manufacturing companies, a
restaurant, a hotel, two print shops, a research park, and a dental products manufacturer. The
assessments were voluntary and confidential. Town and County staff identified opportunities for local
businesses to both reduce the amount of waste they generate and to save money. The town and the county
organized pollution prevention workshops for health care facilities; hotels and restaurants; and vehicle
maintenance facilities. These industry sectors were chosen because they are ubiquitous throughout the
Town ofAmherst.
Project Partners:
The Regional Municipality of Hamilton-Wentworth, Ontario
Town ofAmherst
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Appendix A
Title: OHIO GREAT LAKES BASIN PRETREATMENT POLLUTION PREVENTION
(FY93-GL995374-01-0)
Organization: Ohio Environmental Protection Agency
Contact: Project Statistics:
Mohammed Islam Award Amount: $80,000
Pretreatment Unit Dollars Leveraged: $4,210
Division of Surface Water Project Timetable: 9/01/93 - 9/30/96
Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Lake Basin: Erie
P.O. Box 1049 Project Type: Education/Outreach
1800 Watermark Drive
Columbus, OH 43216-1049
Telephone: 614-644-2018
Fax: 614-644-2329
E-mail: mohammed.islam@epa.state.oh.us
Summary: This was an education project which introduced pollution prevention into Publicly Owned
Treatment Works (POTW) and industrial user operations and into Ohio pretreatment programs in the
Lake Erie basin.
Environmental Results/Products: Brochures with general pollution prevention information were
distributed to approximately 20,000 industrial users of POTWs and 75,000 homeowners throughout the
Ohio portion of the Lake Erie basin. A newsletter was distributed to the Lake Erie POTWs.
The Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed a Pollution Prevention Training Resource
Guide for Publicly Owned Treatment Works.
In October 1994, Ohio EPA conducted training for POTWs in Archibald, Sandusky, and Akron, Ohio.
Two hundred forty-seven individuals attended these training sessions. Approximately 50 copies of the
training manuals were sent to representatives in each of the Great Lakes States and to several Indian
Nations. Ninety-nine copies were distributed to Ohio Pretreatment Coordinators who did not attend the
training and manuals were given to the Operator Training Committee of Ohio (OTCO) for the purpose
of incorporating pollution prevention into OTCO training sessions.
As part 1994 pollution prevention training evaluation, several POTWs in the Lake Erie basin indicated
that they were interested in additional pollution prevention assistance. Ohio EPA selected four of the
facilities requesting additional pollution prevention assistance. The assistance included two waste
reduction assessments for industrial users identified by the POTWs (ITT Automotive in Archibald
POTW and Metokote in Lima POTW), POTW operations assessment and training for personnel at
Archibald and Wauseon POTWs, workshops on pollution prevention for industrial users in Archibald
and Freemont POTWs and working with Lima POTW on a public outreach campaign to reduce mercury
discharges to the sewer. A final report was prepared summarizing this part of the project.
Project Partners:
City of Archbold, OH
City of Sandusky, OH POTW
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Appendix A
City of Akron, OH POTW
City of Wauseon, OH POTW
City of Freemont, OH POTW
Lima Ohio POTW
Products:
Pollution Prevention Training Resource Guide for Publicly Owned Treatment Works.
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Appendix A
Title: TOXICS POLLUTION PREVENTION MENTORING
(FY93 - GRANT # GL995412-01-0)
Organization: Western Lake Superior Sanitary District
Contact:
Tim Tuominen
Western Lake Superior Sanitary District
2626 Courtland Street
Duluth, MN 55806-1894
Telephone: 218-722-3336x324
Fax: 218-727-7471
E-mail: p2team@cp.duluth.mn.us
Project Statistics:
Award Amount: $95,000
Dollars Leveraged: $5,000
Project Timetable: 9/1/93 - 9/30/96
Lake Basin: Superior
Project Type: Education/Outreach
Summary: The purpose of this project was to help Lake Superior communities build pollution
prevention capabilities. The Western Lake Superior Sanitary District (WLSSD) worked directly with
Virginia, Minnesota; Marquette, Michigan; Ashland, Wisconsin; and Superior, Wisconsin to develop
toxic reduction plans. Project activities included: pollution prevention awareness for wastewater
treatment plant managers and operators; a toxic pollution prevention needs survey; facilitating local
toxic reduction meetings; developing business-specific pollution prevention opportunities and waste
management guidelines; and assisting local communities around Lake Superior to develop toxic
reduction plans. The grant included funds for the pilot communities to develop and implement the
plans.
Environmental Results/Products
Pollution Prevention Awareness: WLSSD developed a short presentation for wastewater treatment plant
managers and operators on the regulatory need to reduce toxics in Publicly Owned Treatment Works
(POTW) discharge, an overview of pollution prevention and its advantages, and examples of successful
pollution prevention projects in industry. WLSSD presented this information at local State operator
meetings in Marquette, Michigan; Ashland, Wisconsin; and Aurora, Minnesota.
Needs Survey: WLSSD surveyed Lake Superior POTWs to determine what they believed would be most
effective in reducing toxics at their source. There is a need for communication about toxics with industrial,
business and residential POTW customers. There appears to be a need for POTWs to learn what can and
cannot go down the drain and which materials contain toxics of concern for Lake Superior.
Specific Business Opportunities
WLSSD distributed pollution prevention information to pretreatment operators, hospitals, and dentists.
Community Toxic Reduction Plans: Virginia, Minnesota; Marquette, Michigan; Ashland, Wisconsin; and
Superior, Wisconsin all took different tacks when developing toxic reduction plans. In Virginia, Minnesota
the project was run by the POTW operator, a private consulting firm. In Marquette, Michigan, city
employees ran the program, with consultant support for the final reporting. In Ashland, Wisconsin a
partnership was
formed between the city, Northland College, businesses, and environmental groups. All of the pilot
cities developed public information campaigns.
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Appendix A
In Virginia, Minnesota on-site assessments were completed at a number of large facilities and other
places known to discharge chemicals of concern for Lake Superior. These included a small electric
cooperative, a municipally owned steam electric utility, a manufacturer, and a dental practice. The
municipality placed information on mercury in the local paper and developed a zero discharge
workbook listing businesses and possible toxics that they could likely discharge.
The Marquette, Michigan plan included a public awareness campaign which emphasized what
residents and businesses could do to eliminate discharge of Lake Superior chemicals of concern.
Outreach to a hospital and local businesses centered on reduction of toxic discharges. Marquette
developed 11 educational handouts and 12 newspaper ads and a public service announcement which
addressed the pollutants of concern for Lake Superior. These materials stress the use of non-polluting
alternatives, and provided techniques and instructions for the appropriate disposal of household
hazardous waste. Pollutant-specific fact sheets on mercury, lead, copper, silver, formaldehyde, and
PCBs were published in local newspapers.
Ashland, Wisconsin produced two reports: Zero Discharge Model Project. Ashland. Wisconsin and
Zero Discharge Campus Project. Northland College. With a community-based focus group, the
municipality evaluated commercial, industrial and residential sources of the nine chemicals of concern
for Lake Superior.
In the Superior, Wisconsin toxic reduction plan, data on effluent was examined to determine whether
any additional compounds should be focused on. Industry-specific pollution prevention information
was sent to targeted industries: photographic industries, dentists, clinics, nursing homes, a university
and a technical school. Pollution prevention information was also published in the local newspaper.
Lessons Learned. It is important to educate the local pollution prevention champion at the POTW.
Support from management, the local governing body, and the community early in the process is crucial.
Each community needed to go through the process of deciding which chemicals of concern were a
problem for them and thus should be the focus for their pollution prevention efforts. A professional group
or the general public, rather than a specific facility, may be the appropriate target for pollution prevention
activities. It is important to develop a strategy with specific pollution prevention activities in cooperation
with the targeted group or facility personnel.
Project Partners:
Ashland Water and Wastewater Utility and Department of Public Works
Northland College
University of Wisconsin-Extension Office
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Appendix A
Title: MERCURY/PCB OUTREACH AND COLLECTION PROGRAM AND TECHNICAL
ASSISTANCE (FY93 - GL995440-01-0)
Organization: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Contacts:
Mercury/PCB Project
Emily Moore
Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance
Problem Materials Program
520 Lafayette Road N. (2nd Floor)
St. Paul, MN 55155-4100
Telephone: 612-215-0201
Fax: 612-215-0246
E-mail: emily.moore@moea.state.mn.us
Technical Assistance Project
Ned Brooks
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
520 Lafayette Road
St. Paul, MN 55155
Telephone: 612-297-8680
Fax: 612-297-8676
E-mail: ned.brooks@pca.state.mn.us
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin:
Toxic Stressor(s):
Project Type:
$115,000
$5,750
10/01/93-9/30/95
Superior
mercury, PCBs
Education/Outreach
GL995440-01_cvrletter.pdf
GL995440-01.pdf
Summary: Minnesota conducted an outreach program for mercury and PCB-containing products and
delivered pollution prevention technical assistance to small and medium-sized businesses in the Lake
Superior basin.
Environmental Results/Products
Outreach: Staff identified mercury and PCB-containing wastes generated by service industries and
conducted a series of meetings and interviews with stakeholders to discuss the needs of the affected
community and suggestions for how to address the problem. Project stakeholders included contractors,
businesses, trade associations, chambers of commerce, local and State governments, utilities, product
manufacturers and suppliers, haulers, and recycling and disposal companies. Staff also participated in
trade shows and monthly meetings of business organizations in order to educate attendees about
mercury issues.
Slide Shows: Staff developed two slide presentations. The first slide show targets trade groups that
generate mercury and PCB containing wastes and is designed for use with brochures (see below). It
motivates contractors and service technicians to manage their wastes properly and to keep mercury and
PCBs out of the waste stream. The second slide show, designed for the general public, is specifically about
mercury. It encourages consumers to purchase alternative products, where appropriate, and informs
consumers how to dispose of mercury-containing products.
Brochures: Staff developed brochures on mercury and PCBs. The mercury brochure contains fact card
inserts describing common items which contain mercury. These brochures can be found at:
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix A
http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/p2/on the Internet.
Display: Staff developed a display to show the types of products that contain mercury. The display titled,
"WHO ME? Do I Contribute Mercury to the Environment?," has two components. There is a three-panel
display board with pictures and text about mercury's effect on the environment. A collection of
mercury-containing products assembled on the table in front of the display board shows items such as
a thermostat, switches and fluorescent lights. This collection is accompanied by text about mercury
contained in the products and non-mercury alternatives.
State specific copies of the display are housed at the Michigan and Wisconsin environmental regulatory
agencies, and throughout Minnesota. Two generic copies are housed at the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency in Chicago.
Collection: Minnesota staff worked with the partners to identify collection needs, potential collection
sponsors, regulatory and economic barriers to collection and proper management of mercury containing
wastes. There is a need to develop waste collection systems which are convenient and economically
feasible for service industries and businesses.
Staff obtained the rights to use a logo for florescent bulb recycling projects. This logo, modeled after
the chasing arrows recycling symbol, is in the public domain and thus can be used as part of a unified
campaign around Lake Superior (and beyond) for lamp collection programs.
Technical Assistance: A team from the University of Minnesota-Duluth Department of Chemical
Engineering generated a potential client list for pollution prevention assessments, cataloged and reviewed
pollution prevention literature, and called potential clients. They used data from five Publicly Owned
Treatment Works (POTWs) to scan for priority pollutants. They also conducted an information needs
assessment and examined the way businesses used existing pollution prevention information.
Site Assessments: Nine pollution prevention assessment site visits were made to businesses (three oil
distributors, two printing companies, a furniture refinisher, a laboratory, a veterinary hospital, a printed
circuit board assembler, and a large forest products facility). Based on the site visits, team members drafted
a report which included recommendations for pollution prevention opportunities. Each assessment took
approximately 50 staff-hours to complete and included four team members visiting the businesses,
gathering pollution prevention information, and writing the report.
Lessons Learned. Focusing on one or two business types for visits would reduce the amount of
background pollution prevention information gathered and allow for development of generic reports which
could be quickly modified for each business visited. Having two rather than four team members per
assessment could increase the number of site visits possible. Soliciting clients via letters and phone calls
yielded clients who were already practicing pollution prevention. These clients probably chose to
participate to find out if there was any more they could do.
The project did not reach the businesses that could have benefitted the most because these businesses
probably would not voluntarily allow an assessment to be conducted. Other methods to locate clients
might include: referral by regulatory agencies or other agencies involved in pollution prevention/
hazardous waste minimization activities, referral by bank loan officers, or referral by POTW officials.
Pollution Prevention Database User Needs Assessment: A survey of businesses examined use of
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Appendix A
pollution prevention data bases. Findings for Minnesota's Lake Superior basin showed that while 73% of
the businesses responding to the survey did own a computer, 51% indicated that they did not know what an
electronic data base was nor how to use one. A majority, 52%, indicated that they would use a pollution
prevention technical assistance center.
Project Partners:
University of Minnesota-Duluth Department of Chemical Engineering
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Appendix A
Title: POLLUTION PREVENTION ASSESSMENTS IN SUPPORT OF THE LAKE
SUPERIOR BINATIONAL PROGRAM - TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE TO
INDUSTRIES (FY93 - GL995466-01)
Organization: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin:
Toxic Stressor(s):
Project Type:
$57,000
$3,000
10/01/93-09/30/95
Superior
Mercury, PCBs
Education/Outreach
Contact:
Phillip (Jack) Annis
Pollution Prevention Specialist
University of Wisconsin, Cooperative Extension
Solid and Hazardous Waste Education Center
161 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 6000
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203
Telephone: 414-227-3371
Fax:414-227-3165
E-mail: pannis@facstaff.wisc.edu
Summary: The Solid and Hazardous Waste Education Center (SHWEC) provided pollution prevention
information, education and technical assistance to waste generators in the four Wisconsin counties in
the Lakes Superior basin. Building awareness among the waste generators about the resources available
from SHWEC, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and local resources, and building
linkages with municipal operations, primarily Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) in the Lake
Superior basin, were key project objectives. Although the project was designed to target reductions of
specific bioaccumulating substances, primarily PCBs and mercury, facilities were approached with the
opportunity to reduce all types of wastes.
Environmental Results/Products: SHWEC inventoried and identified companies discharging directly to
the Lake Superior watershed and to the POTWs. SHWEC provided training to POTW pretreatment
coordinators on basic pollution prevention concepts with special emphasis on discharges from dentists,
photo developers and medical laboratories.
SHWEC completed 15 technical assistance assessments. Many of the targeted businesses were
reluctant to invite SHWEC to their facilities. This may have been due to a distrust of government. Local
partnerships (e.g., "Green Star" programs in Ashland and Superior, Wisconsin) can help establish the
trust that is needed among waste generators, the community, regulators, and technical assistance
programs.
SHWEC conducted five workshops for marinas and boat repair facilities, small quantity generators, and
the wood finishing industry. Outreach materials included information on services offered by SHWEC and
other resources (including county Community Resource Development Agents) for targeted businesses in
the Lake Superior basin in Wisconsin.
Publications developed by SHWEC include:
GL995466-01.pdf
Small Business Pollution Prevention Guide
Conducting an Internal Mercury Audit for Manufacturing Facilities, a 6-page fact sheet;
The Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative (GLWQI), a 2-page fact sheet;
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix A
Pollution Prevention/Waste Minimization Options for Metal Finishing Processes, Implementing a
"Closed Loop" Process, a 5-page fact sheet;
Lake Superior Business and Industry Assistance Quick Reference List, a 1-page fact sheet;
Pollution Prevention for Wood Finishing and Manufacturing, an 85-page guidebook; and
Pollution Prevention for Marinas and Boat Yards, a 35-page guidebook.
Project Partners:
Products:
Small Business Pollution Prevention Guide
Conducting an Internal Mercury Audit for Manufacturing Facilities, a 6-page fact sheet;
The Great Lakes Water Quality Initiative (GLWQI), a 2-page fact sheet;
Pollution Prevention/Waste Minimization Options for Metal Finishing Processes, Implementing a "Closed
Loop" Process, a 5-page fact sheet;
Lake Superior Business and Industry Assistance Quick Reference List, a 1-page fact sheet;
Pollution Prevention for Wood Finishing and Manufacturing, an 85-page guidebook; and
Pollution Prevention for Marinas and Boat Yards, a 35-page guidebook.
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Appendix A
Title: LOCAL GOVERNMENT POLLUTION PREVENTION TARGETING PROJECT
(FY94-GL995 674-01-0)
Organization: Erie County Department of Environment and Planning
Contact:
Bonnie Lange
Erie County
Department of Environment and Planning
95 Franklin Street
Buffalo, New York 14202
Telephone: 716-858-8560
Fax: 716-858-7713
E-mail: bonnie@cdbg.co. erie.ny.us
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Project Type:
$50,000
$6,000
1/1/95-3/31/97
Erie
Education/Outreach
Summary: Using regulatory databases (e.g., SARA Title III), Erie County, New York identified
businesses discharging persistent, bioaccumulative toxic substances into the Buffalo River and Niagara
River Areas of Concern. Companies were invited to participate in a nonregulatory pollution prevention
review to develop site-specific pollution prevention plans. An advisory group for this project included
representatives from: the Buffalo Sewer Authority, Erie County Sewer District, the Local Emergency
Planning Committee (LEPC) and three different divisions of the New York State Department of
Environmental Conservation.
Environmental Results/Products: Upon examination of the regulatory databases, regulators identified
25 companies, from a pool of 96, that could most benefit from pollution prevention assistance. These 25
facilities received a letter from Erie County describing the project and offering free, non-regulatory
technical assistance. Ten companies participated in the project and received on-site technical assistance.
The technical assistance resulted in source reduction successes such as: manufacturing process
modifications, recycling industrial byproducts and other waste-streams, identifying lead-free raw
materials, recirculating water, switching paint operations from solvent to water-based, replacing clay
absorbents with a "waste free" alternative, and energy conservation recommendations. The Erie County
Office of Pollution Prevention will continue to work with the facilities.
Project Partners:
Buffalo, NY Sewer Authority
Erie County Sewer District
Erie County Local Emergency Planning Committee (LEPC)
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.
GL995674-01.pdf
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Appendix A
Title: ERIE COUNTY CLEAN SWEEPS II
(FY94-GL995 675-01-0)
Organization: Erie County Department of Environment & Planning, Division of Environmental
Compliance Services
Contact:
Tom Hersey
Erie County Department of Environment & Planning
Division of Environmental Compliance Services
95 Franklin Street
Buffalo, New York 14202
Telephone: 716-858-7674
Fax: 716-858-7713
E-mail: hersey@cdbg.co.erie.ny.us
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxics Reduced:
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$75,000
$56,000
10/01/94 - 1/1/96
Erie
32,300 Ibs Pesticides
Pesticides
Ag Clean Sweeps
Summary: This project built upon a very successful 1993 collection of 8000 pounds of pesticides
including arsenic, DDT and chlordane. Implementing recommendations from the initial clean sweeps,
Erie County regionalized the collection of agricultural waste pesticides. The Clean Sweeps II pesticide
collection program provided disposal opportunities for farmers and agribusiness in Niagara, Erie,
Cattaraugus and Chautauqua counties. In addition, Clean Sweep II offered an opportunity for
nonagricultural Erie County conditionally-exempt small quantity generators, such as schools, to surrender
waste pesticides.
Environmental Results/Products: In April 1995, Erie County staff collected 32,300 pounds of waste
pesticides from 119 registrants at two events. The pesticides collected included banned products such as
DDT and DDT mixtures, arsenic mixtures, dinoseb, chlordane and 700 pounds of dioxin-bearing
pesticides.
Conditionally-exempt small quantity generators turned in 11,000 pounds of waste pesticides. Examples
of these small quantity generators include school district building and grounds maintenance
departments, nurseries, and county recreational facilities.
GL995675-01_coverletter.pdf
GL995675-01.pdf
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Appendix A
Title: POLLUTION PREVENTION EDUCATION AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR
THE LAKE MICHIGAN AND LAKE SUPERIOR BASINS IN WISCONSIN
(FY94-GL995 676-01-0)
Organization: University of Wisconsin, Cooperative Extension, Solid and Hazardous Waste Education
Center
Contact: Project Statistics:
Phillip (Jack) Amis Award Amount: $140,028
Pollution Prevention Specialist Dollars Leveraged: $7,101
University of Wisconsin, Cooperative Extension, Project Timetable: 10/1/94 -
5/30/97
Solid and Hazardous Waste Education Center Lake Basin(s): Michigan, Superior
161 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 6000 Project Type: Education/Outreach
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203
Telephone: 414-227-3371
Fax:414-227-3165
E-mail: pannis@facstaff.wisc.edu
Summary: The Solid and Hazardous Waste Education Center (SHWEC) provided broad-based
pollution prevention information, education and technical assistance to Wisconsin businesses in the
Lake Michigan and Lake Superior basins. SHWEC worked with a broad spectrum of industries and
businesses including manufacturers, marinas, dry cleaners, vehicle maintenance and auto body repair
and medical facilities to target reduction of specific bioaccumulating substances, most frequently
mercury. When working with companies, SHWEC addressed air emissions, wastewater discharges and
hazardous waste. SHWEC conducted surveys at the beginning and the end of the project to gather
pollution prevention trend information and to measure the project's effectiveness. SHWEC also helped
establish local coalitions which are continuing to work on pollution prevention and waste reduction
activities beyond the grant project period.
Environmental Results/Products:
Outreach Activity
SHWEC conducted 55 major outreach activities providing pollution prevention information, education
and guidance to more than 3,000 people. Attendees at outreach programs included many diverse industries
that generate wastes and emissions of all types. Attendees also included consulting engineers,
regulatory personnel, and local government employees. Numerous partners were involved in the
outreach activities including the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Wisconsin Department
of Commerce, the Lake Michigan Federation, Citizens for a Better Environment, Publicly Owned
Treatment Works and trade associations.
SHWEC used several methods to deliver pollution prevention information, such as; in-person training
sessions, satellite downlinks, an education telecommunication network and video tape. In general, the
most successful outreach programs were face-to-face workshops, as measured by the number of
attendees. The Industrial Cleaning and Paints & Coatings expositions, held in the Milwaukee area, were
effective because they provided instant connections with vendors of equipment and materials who could
help implement pollution prevention actions.
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Appendix A
The outreach programs, while extremely effective for delivering the pollution prevention message, also
served as a nonthreatening method to supply regulatory compliance information. The highest rate of
attendance for the programs occurred when there was an emphasis on regulatory compliance
information, thus indicating that compliance issues motivate companies to investigate pollution
prevention options.
Technical Assistance
SHWEC conducted 75 pollution prevention assessments for very large manufacturers with more than 200
employees to very small vehicle maintenance, machine shops and marinas with only two or three
employees. In addition, SHWEC responded to approximately 200 requests for detailed information
packages containing regulatory guidance fact sheets, new and existing manufacturing technology
information, materials substitution information and vendor information.
The largest amount of mercury recovered was from recycling of fluorescent lamps. Specific mercury
reductions occurred in medical facilities and veterinary facilities. The Children's Hospital of Milwaukee
was a 1996 winner of the Wisconsin Governors Award for Hazardous Waste Reduction. Another
hospital eliminated a mercury problem when SHWEC discovered that batteries containing mercury and
containers with other toxics were being incinerated instead of separated from the waste streams. In
addition, many companies assessed by SHWEC implemented pollution prevention projects.
Survey
SHWEC conducted surveys at the beginning and at the end of the project period to gather environmental
trend information relating to pollution prevention. Over 78% of the companies responding to the
surveys indicated that they have completed a project to eliminate a hazardous waste, air emission or
wastewater discharge in the last two years. The companies surveyed represent a cross-section of
hazardous waste-generating industries. The two main reasons cited in this survey as to why companies
have implemented pollution projects are regulatory compliance and concern for the environment.
Economics was not a significant motivator.
Partnerships
SHWEC introduced a "business to business" pollution prevention roundtable by establishing Partners
for Business Environmental Quality in Waukesha County. This provides one-stop shopping for
businesses looking for environmental information including pollution prevention, waste reduction and
recycling. SHWEC also worked with coalitions such as the Southeast Wisconsin Waste Reduction
Coalition and individual industrial groups in several Wisconsin counties.
Project Partners:
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Wisconsin Department of Commerce
The Lake Michigan Federation
Citizens for a Better Environment
Publicly Owned Treatment Works
trade associations
Business Environmental Quality in Waukesha County
Southeast Wisconsin Waste Reduction Coalition
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Appendix A
Title: CREATIVE POLLUTION SOLUTIONS FOR SOUTHEAST CHICAGO
(FY94-GL995 677-01-0)
Organization: Chicago Legal Clinic, Inc.
Contact: Project Statistics:
Keith Harley Award Amount: $60,000
Director, Environmental Law Program Dollars Leveraged: $5,571
Chicago Legal Clinic, Inc. Project Timetable: 10/1/94 - 9/30/97
2938 E. 91st Street Lake Basin(s): Michigan
Chicago, Illinois 60617 Project Type: Education/Outreach
Telephone: 773-731-1762
Fax:773-731-4264
E-mail:
Summary: The goal of this project was to build knowledge, consensus and action regarding pollution
prevention in Southeast Chicago by marketing pollution prevention resources to community residents
and area businesses, on a person-to-person basis. Activities included the development of a pollution
prevention newsletter, the development of a pollution prevention electronic repository marketed to
local users, and conducting a series of meetings with local business and community leaders to introduce
the concept of pollution prevention.
Environmental Results/Products: The Chicago Legal Clinic (Clinic) distributed pollution prevention
information in a number of ways. The Clinic developed a partnership with Chicago law firm Gardner,
Carton & Douglas and co-produced five issues of a pollution prevention newsletter distributed to over 500
readers, predominantly businesses, in Southeast Chicago.
The Clinic developed, in partnership with the Information Center at Chicago-Kent College of Law, a
pollution prevention library consisting of over 500 pieces, including an annotated bibliography. These
resources are available in Southeast Chicago. General pollution prevention information will be
available on the Internet. The pollution prevention information gathered during this project will
continue to be actively marketed to appropriate industries and businesses.
Clinic staff conducted a series of educational events to introduce basic pollution prevention concepts,
including a February 1995 luncheon for key community leaders from business and community
organizations. In April 1995, the Clinic co-sponsored a regional Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)
workshop. The information presented included use of TRI data as a means to enable community industry
dialogue, with specific attention paid to good neighbor agreements, citizen electronic access to
and use of TRI data, and community assistance panels. Recently, the Clinic conducted individual
meetings with more than 15 community and business leaders about pollution prevention and locally
available pollution prevention resources.
Project Partners:
Gardner, Carton & Douglas
Chicago-Kent College of Law
EPA Region 5 TRI Program
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Appendix A
Title: GREAT PRINTERS PROJECT
(FY94-GL995 679-01-0)
Organization: Council of Great Lakes Governors
Contact:
Lois Morrison
Council of Great Lakes Governors
35 E. Wacker Drive - Suite 1850
Chicago, Illinois 60601
Telephone: 312-407-0177
Fax:312-407-0038
E-Mail: morrison@cglg.org
Project Statistics:
Award Amount: $61,205
Dollars Leveraged: $3,220
Project Timetable: 10/1/94 - 9/30/95
Lake Basin(s): All
Toxic Stressors: HW, Solvents
Project Type: Education/Outreach
Summary: The Council of Great Lakes Governors (Council), in partnership with the Environmental
Defense Fund and the Printing Industries of America, Inc., successfully launched the Great Printers
Project. Eighty percent of printing plants employ less than 20 people, and one-third of the national
printing industry is concentrated in the eight Great Lakes States. The first phase of the project centered
around developing precedent setting environmental policy recommendations for the printing industry in
the Great Lakes basin. These recommendations were endorsed by the Administrator of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency and the Governors from the eight Great Lakes States.
The goal of the Great Printers Project is to make pollution prevention the first choice of the lithographic
printing industry in the Great Lakes States in meeting and exceeding its environmental and human health
protection responsibilities. This was the first project in the nation to seek to create an entire business
environment conducive to pollution prevention for an industry sector. The second phase of the Great
Printers Project, partially supported through this grant, focused on implementation of the policy
recommendations through State pilots in Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. The Council
served on the steering committee for the Regional Great Printers Team to ensure coordination between the
various pilot efforts.
Environmental Results/Products: The Council of Great Lakes Governors worked with their project
partners and with Illinois, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin to establish the pilot projects and secure
funding for them. The Council also conducted outreach to the non-pilot States. Indiana, Pennsylvania and
Ohio were interested in working with printers in their States.
The Council worked with the environmental agencies in the pilot States to identify opportunities for the
Great Printers Project to build upon existing State programs such as Illinois' "Clean Break" amnesty
program and Minnesota's Beyond Compliance program. The Great Printers Project has continued beyond
the GLNPO grant period. Information on the Great Printers Project can be found on the Internet at:
http://www.cglg.org under the 'Projects' heading.
Project Partners:
Illinois Waste Management & Research Center
Illinois EPA
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Minnesota Technical Assistance Program
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Appendix A
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
University of Wisconsin - Solid & Hazardous Waste Education Center
Printing Industries of Illinois
Printing Industries of Michigan
Printing Industries of Minnesota
Citizens for a Better Environment
Center for Neighborhood Technology
Environmental Defense Fund
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Appendix A
Title: AUTO INDUSTRY POLLUTION PREVENTION PROJECT: PHASE II
(FY94-GL995 696-01-0)
G L995696-01 _status. pdf
Organization: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Contact:
Marcia Horan
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Environmental Assistance Division
P.O. Box 30457
Lansing, Michigan 48909-7957
Telephone: 517-373-9122
Fax:517-335-4729
E-mail: horanm@state.mi.us
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
GL995696-01.pdf
$76,680
$48,520
10/1/94- 12/31/95
Michigan, Huron,
Superior
Mercury
Education/Outreach
Summary: This project built upon previous voluntary efforts by Chrysler, Ford and General Motors
(Auto Companies) to reduce the release of persistent toxic substances in the Great Lakes basin.
Michigan staff focused the Auto Industry Pollution Prevention Project: Phase II efforts on establishing
an Auto Project Advisory Group, enhancing coordination with the Canadian Auto Project, expanding
outreach to suppliers, and evaluating the 1991 Auto Project agreement and list of targeted persistent
toxics.
Environmental Results/Products: Since 1991, the year the Auto Project began, releases of the targeted
65 listed Great Lakes persistent toxic (GLPT) substances from auto company facilities (as reported under
in the Toxic Release Inventory) have declined every year except one. These reductions, mainly
accomplished through the use of specific pollution prevention actions, process improvements, and
recycling, are explained in detail in the Auto Project pollution prevention reports and case studies.
The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ), AAMA, Chrysler, Ford and General
Motors published the Automotive Pollution Prevention Project: Progress Report II. MDEQ also
published a bound document containing 33 pollution prevention case studies and an addendum with 20
case studies submitted by the auto companies. The June 1997 US Automotive Pollution Prevention
Project: Progress Report III details efforts beyond this grant period, including data on reportable
releases of U.S. EPA Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals and pollution prevention activities and
accomplishments for each of the three participating companies. It is available from MDEQ.
Information on the Auto Project, including 60 pollution prevention case studies, is available at:
http://www.deq.state.mi.us/ead/p2sect/auto/on the Internet.
The project partners formed an Auto Project Advisory Group composed of representatives from trade
associations, higher education, technology centers, public interest groups, a foundation and
government. During the grant period, they met twice a year to review progress on the Auto Project. The
Canadian Auto Project and U.S. Auto Project representatives met on a semiannual basis to enhance
binational pollution prevention efforts in the automotive industry and to exchange information
regarding their respective projects.
The American Automobile Manufacturers Association (AAMA) trade association and the Auto
Companies co-sponsored the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) annual waste
reduction conference in the Detroit metropolitan area in December 1994 and 1995. The U.S. and
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Appendix A
Canada Auto Project partners jointly sponsored the "North American Supplier Environmental
Workshop" in October 1995. More than half the participants at the North American conference were
auto suppliers. All 5,000 tier-one auto suppliers for Chrysler, Ford and General Motors received project
progress reports, which included pollution prevention case studies.
Project Progress Beyond the Grant Period
In 1996 the auto companies decided to broaden the project from an exclusive focus on the Great Lakes
to one including operations in the entire United States. This expansion reflects the fact that pollution
prevention activities are implemented on a corporate-wide basis. Current industry efforts target all
materials of concern rather than being limited to the 65 persistent toxic chemicals focused on for the
Great Lakes basin. It is important to note that 74% of the auto companies' U.S. facilities are located
in the Great Lakes States. The Auto Project has matured from a government led and funded project to
a nation-wide industry led project with support from State and Federal governments and the advisory
group.
Combined pollution prevention achievements for Chrysler, Ford, and General Motors include a 56.9%
reduction in U.S. EPA TRI reportable releases and a 63.9% reduction in U.S. EPA 33/50 Program
releases since the 1988 base year. There has also been a 9.2% production normalized reduction in the
Great Lakes Persistent Toxics, targeted since 1991 in the Great Lakes region. Excluding zinc releases,
the Auto Project achieved a 54.5% production normalized reduction of Great Lakes Persistent Toxics
since 1991.
Project Partners:
American Automobile Manufacturers Association (AAMA)
Products:
MI Auto Project Web Page
http://www.deq.stMe. mi. us/ead/p2sect/auto/
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Appendix A
Title: CAMPAIGN FOR A SUSTAINABLE CALUMET REGION
(FY94-GL995 704-01-0)
Organization: Center for Neighborhood Technology
Contact:
Ignacio Correa-Ortiz
Center for Neighborhood Technology
2125 W. North Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60647
Telephone: 773-278-4800x120
Fax: 773-278-3840
E-mail: ico@cnt.org
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Project Type:
GL975704-01.pdf
$89,045
$4,686
10/01/94-10/31/95
Michigan
Education/Outreach
Summary: The Center for Neighborhood Technology (CNT) developed a model community
participation process for the cleanup and responsible reuse of brownfield sites in Southeast Chicago.
Environmental Results/Products: CNT developed a brownfield slide show, a "Bill of Rights" outlining
general criteria for cleanup and reuse of brownfield sites in Southeast Chicago, and brownfield fact sheets:
The Challenge of Brownfields: Recycling Old Industrial Property into Opportunities for Community
Redevelopment and A Community Checklist for Identifying Potential Environmental Hazards at Old
Commercial or Industrial Sites.
The report, "Recycling Contaminated Land: A Community Resource Guide" is available at:
http://www.cnt.org/susjnan/bf3.htm on the Internet. There have been over 1200 visits to this site.
Through community group input, CNT identified priority brownfield sites in Southeast Chicago. These
include USX South Works, Wisconsin Steel, Anderson/Schroud LTV property, West Pullman brownfields
cluster near 119th/Halstead and a 25 acre parcel south of Altgeld Gardens.
A working group met periodically to discuss local brownfields issues. Regular participants included
Community Workshop on Economic Development, Mexican Community Committee, Southeast
Environmental Task Force, Chicago State Neighborhood Assistance Center, People for Community
Recovery, Citizens for a Better Environment and the Chicago Legal Clinic. Priorities for the working
group members included establishing a training program at a local educational institution to provide
residents with the capacity to access environmental technician and cleanup jobs, identifying methods to
influence brownfields redevelopment decisions at the larger sites, and promoting sustainable
redevelopment of brownfield sites.
Partners:
Community Workshop on Economic Development
Mexican Community Committee
Southeast Environmental Task Force
Chicago State Neighborhood Assistance Center
People for Community Recovery
Citizens for a Better Environment and the Chicago Legal Clinic
Products:
Brownfields slide show, a "Bill of Rights"
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Appendix A
The Challenge of Brownfields: Recycling Old Industrial Property into Opportunities for Community
Redevelopment fact sheet
A Community Checklist for Identifying Potential Environmental Hazards at Old Commercial or Industrial
Sites fact sheet
"Recycling Contaminated Land: A Community Resource Guide"
http://www.cnt. org/sus_man/bf3. htm
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Appendix A
Title: GREAT LAKES ALTERNATIVE CLEANING EDUCATION PROGRAM
(FY94-GL995 723-01-0)
Organization: Center for Neighborhood Technology
Contact:
Sylvia Ewing Hoover
The Center for Neighborhood Technology
2125 W. North Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60647
Telephone: 773-278-4800 x!29
Fax: 773-278-3840
E-mail: sylvia@cnt.org
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
GL995723-01.pdf
$76,407
$229,304
10/1/94-10/31/95
Michigan
Perchloroethylene
Innovative Technology
Summary: The Center for Neighborhood Technology (CNT) demonstrated the commercial viability
of a water-based cleaning technique as an alternative to traditional dry cleaning that relies on chlorinated
solvents. CNT worked with The Greener Cleaner, a private wet cleaning shop, for one year. CNT
promoted an industry-wide shift to cleaning techniques that do not use toxic solvents and focused
outreach efforts on the dry cleaning industry in Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, Milwaukee and Northwest
Indiana.
Environmental Results/Products Products: The Center for Neighborhood Technology created an
Internet site at: http://www.cnt.org/sus_man/wet_cln.html and a Wet Cleaning Hotline: 773-278-4800
x299. Monitoring of the water discharges from the Greener Cleaner showed that no chemicals of concern
were being released from the cleaning facility. As a result of information gained through the wet cleaning
project, some dry cleaners reduced their use of chlorinated solvents by increasing wet cleaning. At the start
of the project, three cleaners had wet cleaning equipment. At the end of the project more than 100 cleaners
have this equipment. Specifically in the Great Lakes basin, CNT helped grow wet cleaning shops in
Illinois (7), Wisconsin (3), Michigan (1), Ohio (3) and Buffalo (2).
The Greener Cleaner demonstration shop was the catalyst for the Professional Wet Cleaning Partnership
between the Union of Needletrade, Industrial, Textile Employees (UNITE), Massachusetts Toxic Use
Reduction Institute, Greenpeace, four major dry cleaning associations, and the Center for
Neighborhood Technology. The partnership is working to get dry cleaners the resources they need to
make wet cleaning an essential part of the garment care industry. More than 45 groups toured the Greener
Cleaner demonstration shop. One-thousand-two-hundred (1,200) individuals requested information on wet
cleaning and continue to receive regular updates. CNT developed the first wet cleaning newsletter, which
attracted national interest. In addition, CNT targeted outreach to Korean dry cleaners including translating
some materials into Korean and recruiting leadership from the Korean American Dry Cleaners Association
to serve on the project's advisory committee.
CNT launched a week of intensive educational outreach activities, with local partners, in Buffalo,
Cleveland, Milwaukee, Detroit, and Indianapolis. CNT developed profiles of the dry cleaning industry
in Buffalo, Cleveland, Detroit, Milwaukee, and Northwest Indiana, and introduced dry cleaners in these
areas to wet cleaning. CNT also crafted a report on various wet cleaning machines.
In Fall 1995, CNT held a wet cleaning conference in Chicago. Attendees included representatives from
dry cleaners, trade association leaders, equipment manufacturers, suppliers, representatives from
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Appendix A
environmental organizations, and regulators. All Great Lakes States, except Minnesota, were
represented at this conference. This major symposium allowed an opportunity for stakeholders and
industry to start merging ideas on wet cleaning. This project received extensive media coverage, including
coverage in the three main dry cleaning trade publications.
Project Partners:
Union of Needletrade, Industrial, Textile Employees (UNITE)
Massachusetts Toxic Use Reduction Institute
Greenpeace
Korean American Dry Cleaners Association
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Appendix A
Title: ZERO DISCHARGE PILOT PROJECT
(FY95-GL985121-01-0)
GL985121-01.pdf
Organization: Western Lake Superior Sanitary District (in coordination with Monroe County, New
York and the National Wildlife Federation)
Contact:
Tim Tuominen
Western Lake Superior Sanitary District
2626 Courtland Street
Duluth, MN 55806-1894
Telephone: 218-722-3336 x324
Fax: 218-727-7471
E-mail: p2team@cp.duluth.mn.us
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxics Reduced:
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$100,000
$519,000
9/01/95-8/31/98
Superior
17.26 Ibs. Amalgam Scrap:
33.47 Ibs, elemental mercury
Mercury
Education/Outreach/Collection
Summary: The Western Lake Superior Sanitary District (WLSSD) developed an integrated multimedia
program to reduce the discharge of mercury using "front end" pollution prevention techniques with
hospitals, clinics, educational institutions, laboratories, and dental practices.
Environmental Results/Products: The Western Lake Superior Sanitary District staff conducted site visits
at hospitals, clinics, educational institutions, laboratories, and dental practices to evaluate prevention,
recycling, or treatment opportunities to reduce or eliminate mercury discharges. WLSSD assisted each
customer with developing pollution prevention strategies and promoted implementation of these plans. In
addition, staff secured a commitment of zero discharge from WLSSD's own facilities. The WLSSD staff
and local dentists have developed a process for recycling amalgam waste and strategies for recycling
training. Staff have evaluated advanced treatment systems to reduce mercury discharges from dentists.
WLSSD staff identified many mercury-containing sources in hospitals from histopathology labs. Trap
cleaning has demonstrated an abundance of historic mercury. An investigation of the University of
Minnesota-Duluth, showed widespread use of mercury containing equipment and poor management of all
potential mercury sources. An audit revealed mercury-free equipment replacement costs are approximately
$10,000. The University is now replacing all equipment and will be line cleaning to remove historic
sources of mercury. WLSSD developed the Blueprint for Mercury Elimination: a Guide for Wastewater
Treatment Plants as part of the Zero Discharge Pilot Project. The blueprint, funded by the Great Lakes
Protection Fund, is available from WLSSD.
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Appendix A
Title: MERCURY REDUCTION THROUGH TREATMENT CHEMICAL SELECTION
(FY95-GL985131-01-0)
Organization: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
GL985131-01.pdf
Contact:
Carri Lohse -Hanson
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
520 Lafayette Road
St. Paul, Minnesota 55155
Telephone: 612-296-9134
Fax: 612-297-8683
E-mail: carri.lohse-hanson@pca.state .mn.us
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leverages:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$35,000
$1,750
10/1/95 - 6/30/98
Superior
Caustic Soda, Mercury
Substance Removal/Reduction
Summary: The purpose of this project is to reduce mercury that may be reaching Lake Superior through
cooling water and effluents from power plants, boilers and other facilities. Cooling water is treated with
pH altering chemicals, such as acid and caustic soda. Certain feedstock chemicals used to alter the pH have
been found to contain high levels of mercury. For example, sulfuric acid produced as a by-product from a
lead smelter was found to have significantly higher levels of mercury than sulfuric acid from a copper
smelter. The project strategy is to promote the switch from high mercury to low mercury chemical
feedstocks.
Environmental Results/Products: MPCA compiled a list of the boilers in the four Minnesota counties
bordering Lake Superior. A survey for boiler operators was distributed at a State-sponsored boiler
workshop. Only 10 operators filled out the survey, but those that did indicate that they would be willing to
switch to non-mercury caustic if the price was the same. A few operators indicated they would be willing
to pay more. MPCA collected information on mercury concentrations in various grades of caustic soda
from, a chemical supplier and a chlor-alkali producer and the Western Lake Superior Sanitary District
(WLSSD). Up-to-date cost information is needed.
MPCA will be working with boiler operators on solid waste management issues. Some boilers use high
pressure steam gauges that contain large amounts of mercury. For example, one steam gauge collected
during a WLSSD mercury amnesty project contained 30 pounds of mercury. Some boilers may also
contain mercury switches.
Project Partners:
Western Lake Superior Sanitary District (WLSSD)
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Appendix A
Title: MERCURY REDUCTION AND POLLUTION PREVENTION IN HOSPITALS
(FY95-GL985135-01-0)
Organization: National Wildlife Federation (in coordination with Monroe County, New York and
Western Lake Superior Sanitary District)
Contact:
Guy Williams
National Wildlife Federation
Great Lakes Natural Resource Center
506 E. Liberty, 2nd Floor
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-2210
Telephone: 313-769-3351
Fax:313-769-1449
E-mail: guy@nwf.org
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$41,350
$22,016
9/25/95 - 6/30/97
All
Mercury
Education/Outreach
Summary: The National Wildlife Federation (NWF) conducted a conference in October 1996 to promote
the reduction/elimination of mercury use in hospitals. They developed a source reduction plan
for hospitals, Mercury Pollution Prevention in Health Care: A Prescription for Success.
Environmental Results/Products Products: The National Wildlife Federation, in cooperation with the
Michigan Health and Hospital Association and other partners, developed a practical and economical plan
for reduction of mercury use in the health care industry. This plan, as well as a summary of the
proceedings from the October 1996 conference on reduction/elimination of mercury use in hospitals, is
detailed in the report, Mercury Pollution Prevention in Health Care: A Prescription for Success. Among
the NWF recommendations to eliminate mercury use, hospitals should adopt new procurement and training
policies. This report is available at: http://www.greatlakes.nwf.org/pp/hosprpt.htm on the Internet, or from
the NWF.
Project Partners:
Michigan Health and Hospital Association.
Products:
Mercury Pollution Prevention in Health Care: A Prescription for Success
http://www.greatlakes.nwf.org/pp/hosprpt.htm
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Appendix A
Title: ROCHESTER EMBAYMENT WATERSHED MERCURY POLLUTION PREVENTION
PROGRAM (FY95 - GL985142-01-0)
GL985142-01.pdf
Organization: Monroe County Department of Health (in coordination with the National Wildlife
Federation and Western Lake Superior Sanitary District)
Contact:
Margy Peet
Monroe County Department of Health
P.O. Box 92832
111 Westfall Road
Rochester, NY 14692-8932
Telephone: 716-274-8442
Fax: 716-274-6098
E-mail: mpeet@mcls.rochester.lib.ny.us
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$61,000
$34,100
9/01/95-9/30/98
Erie
Mercury
Program Development
Summary: The Monroe County Pollution Prevention Team, Strong Memorial Hospital, and Eastman
Dental Center are targeting mercury reduction in the Rochester Embayment Area of Concern.
Environmental Results/Products: Monroe County staff documented findings on opportunities and
barriers to implementing mercury pollution prevention activities in medical and dental settings. A Mercury
Pollution Prevention Study for Medical and Dental Centers Findings Report was published in Spring 1997
and is available from Monroe County.
Monroe County staff is developing a hospital manual and a booklet and poster for dental offices to
illustrate cost-effective practices to minimize or eliminate the release of mercury to the environment Strong
Memorial Hospital in Rochester and Eastman Dental Center are planning and implementing mercury
pollution prevention projects in their respective facilities. Monroe County will seek voluntary
commitments with 12 hospitals and 50 dental offices located in the Rochester Embayment watershed to
advance pollution prevention.
Project Partners:
Strong Memorial Hospital
Eastman Dental Center
Products:
Mercury Pollution Prevention Study for Medical and Dental Centers Findings Report, Spring 1997
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Appendix A
Title: VIRTUAL ELIMINATION STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION
(FY97-GL985524-01)
GL985524-01.pdf
GL985524-01-2.pdf
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$160,000
$8,420
09/30/97 - 03/30/00
All
Dioxin, PCB, HCB, and Mercury
Education/Outreach
Organization: Great Lakes United
Contact:
Margaret Wooster
Great Lakes United
Buffalo State College
Cassetty Hall
1300 Elmwood Ave.
Buffalo NY 14222
Telephone: (716) 886-0142
Fax: (716) 886-0303
E-mail: wooster@glu.org
Summary: Great Lakes United (GLU)conducted outreach to grass roots environmental organizations to
explain provisions of the Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy (GLBTS), developed a list of suggested
actions to reduce persistent toxic substances (PTS), evaluated current regulatory and policy regimes to
address gaps to eliminating production and use of PTS, and participated in relevant GLBTS stakeholder
meetings.
Environmental Results/Products: GLU participated in all GLBTS workgroup meetings: Dioxin, HCB,
PCB, Pesticides and Mercury, and all Integration workgroup meetings. In this forum, GLU presented a
proposal for the work group to take an initiative on the crosscutting issues of incineration which was
endorsed by industry and government representatives and resulted in a workshop on incineration held in
May 2000. GLU coordinated with all work groups to help them move toward a source sector focus to
allow some of the groups to combine for greater stakeholder coverage. GLU worked with the Pesticides
workgroup to begin focusing on Level 2 pesticides.
GLU organized a three-hour panel discussion in September 1999 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin on "extended
producer responsibility." Experts from Europe and Canada spoke on the panel and met with grassroots and
labor groups afterward. A video of this panel was produced.
GLU organized five Health Care Without Harm workshops with healthcare professionals. The first
workshop, funded under this agreement, was held on June 2, 1999 in Montreal Canada.
GLU disseminated information on the GLBTS and work group progress to its membership through the
GLU web page, print and email newsletters, and mailings.
GLU worked with several other environmental non-governmental organizations, including the Lowell
Institute, Clean Production Action, Toronto Environmental Alliance, the Ecology Center and
Environmental Defense to develop a set of clean production principles for our work. Meetings with the
Council of Great Lakes Industries were held to agree on a common set of principles. Using this criteria
and the GLBTS framework, GLU consulted their basin-wide membership for possible clean production
initiatives and came up with four possible sectors for pilot projects: agriculture, automobile, computer and
health care.
Given the auto worker union membership and interest in incineration as a cross cutting issue, GLU worked
37
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Appendix A
on two initiatives: a "Clean Car Campaign" and the "Health Care Without Harm Campaign."
The Clean Car Campaign emphasis is cradle to grave, with the focus on "cradle," i.e., working with their
union auto workers members on a toxic-free workplace; and the "grave" working with the industry and
regulatory authorities on reducing substances such as mercury, PCBs and dioxin-producing PVC plastics
in auto shredder waste.
Project Partners:
Lowell Institute
Clean Production Action
Toronto Environmental Alliance
The Ecology Center
Environmental Defense
Michigan Environmental Council
Union of Concerned Scientists
Improving Kids' Environment
Citizens for a Better Environment
Institute for Urban Ecology
Products:
Extended Producer Responsibility Panel Video
The Road to Zero
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Appendix A
Title: MOBILIZING/COORDINATING INDUSTRY SUPPORT OF THE VIRTUAL
ELIMINATION STRATEGY (FY97 - GL985546-01)
Organization: Council of Great Lakes Industries
Contact:
George H. Kuper
Council of Great Lakes Industries
P.O. Box 134006
Ann Arbor MI, 48113-4006
Telephone: (734)663-1944
Fax: (734)663-2424
E-mail: ghk@cgli.org
Project Statistics:
Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$140,000
$12,200
10/01/97-10/30/99
All
Mercury, PCBs, HCB, OCS
Education/Outreach
Summary: The Council of Great Lakes Industries (CGLI) promoted inustry awareness of the Great Lakes
Binational Toxics Strategy (GLBTS) and voluntary opportunities to reduce persistent toxic substances
(PTS); collected PTS reduction success stories from industry, and enumerated current industry
commitments to reduce or eliminate PTS use and discharge.
Environmental Results/Products: CGLI expanded the list of industry stakeholders with whom they
regularly communicate in order to increase awareness of the Great Lakes Binational Toxic Strategy and
what the industry stakeholder can do to reduce emissions of toxic materials.
Industry participants revealed the existence of several voluntary PTS reduction programs. Some examples
include the following:
Niagara Mohwak replaced 37,000 mercury containing gas regulators in use by their customers,
and their distribution facility focus efforts which retired 29,700 PCB capacitors;
Dow Canada reported 95 percent reduction in release of dioxins and furans from vinyl chloride
monomer production;
Goodyear Tire and Rubber's efforts to phase-out PCB containing equipment resulting in 15 plants
in the U.S. and two in Canada PCB now being free;
The U.S. pulp and paper industry dioxin virtual elimination program. As a result of their
voluntary efforts, dioxins if they exist at all, are no longer measurable in bleach plant effluents,
wastewater treatment plant sludges, or bleached kraft mill products.
New commitments by industry made specifically as part of the GLBTS program, include the chlor-alkali
industry mercury use reduction commitment, the steel industry mercury program, and the auto industry
commitment on PCB equipment phase-out. Other significant commitments from industry to establish
virtual elimination goals or make substantial commitments to further reduce Level 1 PBT substance release
include:
Eastman Kodak's commitment to virtually eliminate heavy metals cadmium, mercury, lead and
chromium (VI) from their products;
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Appendix A
Dow's commitment to reduce hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and mercury compound releases by 75
percent by 2005;
The Ontario Hydro program to destroy 81 percent of their PCB inventory by year 2006, and to be
PCB free by year 2015.
Industry sector collective voluntary programs such as the American Forest & Paper Association
environmental principles and goals program, Automotive Pollution Prevention Program, the Chemical
Industry Responsible Care Program, Wisconsin Paper Council/Wisconsin DNR P5 program, and Michigan
Pulp and Paper Environmental Council/Michigan DEQ P5 program all serve as examples of voluntary
programs which include elements that call for and result in the reduction of releases of GLBTS level one
and level two substances. These reductions are cataloged and included in the GLBTS program as a result
of CGLI's contacts with sponsoring organizations.
CGLI also helped to determine and confirm the status of mercury use within the Great Lakes region, and to
catalog the release of mercury from the manufacture and use of such products as household batteries,
lighting lamps and equipment, thermostats, switches and relays. CGLI work with industry helped to
identify potential sources of Octachlorostyrene in the Great Lakes Basin, as well.
Project Partners:
Niagara Mohawk Corporation
Ontario Hydro
Dow Chemical
Dow Canada
Eastman Kodak
Goodyear Tire and Rubber
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Appendix A
Title HOUSEHOLD HAZARDOUS WASTE CLEAN SWEEP COLLECTION PROGRAM
(FY97-GL985553-01-0)
Organization: Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin
GL985553-01.pdf
Contact:
Betty Jo Wozniac
Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin
P.O. Box 910
Keshena, Wisconsin 54135-0910
Telephone: (715) 799-5154
Fax: (715) 799-4525
E-mail: scongas@mail.wisc.net
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxics Reduced:
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$20,000
$2,579
8/15/97 - 8/14/00
Michigan
18,830 Ibs of HHW
Mercury, Lead
Clean Sweep
Education/Outreach
Summary: The Menominee Tribe of Wisconsin hosted three one-day household hazardous waste
collections at the Keshena Transfer facility and conducted education outreach as well. The purpose of this
project was to reduce the amount of household hazardous waste (HHW) that would be disposed of in
Wisconsin landfills and strengthen the tribes integrated waste management program promoting waste
minimization.
Environmental Results/Products: The Menominee Tribe one-day collection events on June 13, 1998,
December 22, 1998 and June 24, 2000 at the Keshena WI transfer facility site, which diverted more than
18,000 Ibs of HHW from landfills within the Great Lakes basin. These collections included grease and oil,
used batteries, formaldehyde, waste paint, waste mercury, waste aerosols, hydrochloric and sulfuric acid,
sodium hydroxide, waste pesticides, chlorine tablets, mineral spirits, fluorescent lamps, and sealants.
The Household Hazardous Waste Project (HHWP) promoted the safe use, storage and disposal of
hazardous materials by educating consumers to:
identify and avoid potentially hazardous products;
buy only what is needed, use it up completely or share leftovers with someone who can use it;
recycle those materials that can be recycled; and
dispose of leftover or unwanted products through hazardous waste collection facilities.
Project Partners:
Kenosha Volunteer Fire Department
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
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Appendix A
Title REDUCING MERCURY RELEASES THROUGH P2 IN HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
(FY97-GL985597-01)
Organization: Illinois Environment Protection Agency
Contact: Project Statistics:
Kevin Greene Award Amount: $137,750
Office of Pollution Prevention Dollars Leveraged: $7,247
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency Project Timetable: 10/01/97- 12/30/99
#34 1021N Grand Ave, East Lake Basin(s): Michigan
P.O. Box 19276 Toxic Stressors: Mercury
Springfield IL 62794-9276 Project Type: Education/Outreach
Telephone: (217) 785-0833
Email: Kevin.Greene@epa.state.il.us
Summary:
The goal of this project was to reduce the amount of mercury released in the Great Lakes Basin, by
encouraging hospitals and other health care facilities in the Chicago metropolitan area to adopt
comprehensive pollution prevention programs, with a particular emphasis on eliminating
mercury-containing devices products and waste.
Environmental Results/Products:
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) Office of Pollution Prevention (OPP) staff conducted a
training seminar to educate Illinois Environmental Protection Agency and Illinois Waste Management &
Research Center (WMRC) staff on pollution prevention opportunities for mercury and other waste in
health care facilities. IEPA OPP staff developed a pilot pollution prevention assessment for two hospital
facilities. IEPA OPP staff established a working group to provide advice and mentoring assistance. IEPA
OPP staff developed outreach materials for dissemination to hospitals, particularly to facilities utilizing
on-site incinerators.
IEPA and WMRC conducted pollution prevention (P2) site visits at 22 hospitals in Illinois. Fifteen of the
facilities were located in the Chicago area. A waste and mercury reduction checklist was developed to aid
in evaluating hospital environmental activities.
A pre-assessment survey was provided to each of the 22 hospitals to collect background information about
waste generation activities and priority areas for mercury and waste reduction. This information was used
to focus discussions and tour specific areas during the P2 site visits. A typical P2 site visit included
touring a patient care area, the clinical laboratories, pharmacy, central supply room and docking/receiving
area. A representative from the surgical department was interviewed.
After each site visit a report to the hospital that listed existing waste and mercury reduction efforts, and
outlined areas for improvement.
Waste and mercury reduction recommendations typically focused on:
Alternatives to mercury-containing blood pressure devices, gastrointestinal equipment,
thermometers, electrical equipment and laboratory chemicals.
Recycling opportunities for waste lab solvents.
Infectious waste segregation practices for patient care and surgical areas.
Recycling opportunities for solid waste items.
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Appendix A
Waste management planning activities.
A second survey was developed and provided to the hospitals six to ten months after the site visit to
identify recommendations that were adopted. During the site visits, a number of innovative waste
reduction practices were bing implemented by the hospitals, including:
Removing red bag containers from patient rooms.
Posting signage on operating room doors to remind staff to segregate waste streams.
Visually checking the contents of laboratory infectious waste containers to monitor waste
segregation practices.
Tracking wastes from different departments to help identify waste reduction priorities.
Providing digital thermometers in newborn baby gift packs.
Recycling waste alcohols, formalin, and xylene wastes on site.
Placing recycling containers in convenient and accessible locations.
Ten of the 22 hospitals returned the post site visit survey. All of the reporting hospitals documented at
least one improvement in their waste management efforts, while seven indicated they had implemented at
least one mercury use reduction recommendation. Several hospitals reported that they were already
implementing mercury reduction programs before the P2 site visit took place.
Hospital facility improvements included the following:
4 facilities increased staff training on waste segregation and reduction practices;
4 facilities formed an internal committee to identify additional waste and mercury reduction
opportunities;
6 facilities conducted additional assessments of their waste generating activities;
4 facilities modified their procurement practices or guidelines to encourage purchasing less toxic
or recycled products
7 facilities increased employee awareness about waste management;
678 mercury blood pressure meters (sphygmomanometers) eliminated;
251 mercury thermometers (105 from laboratories) eliminated;
3 facilities eliminated the use of mercury-containing lab chemicals;
1 facility prepared a mercury use inventory and protocol to eliminate mercury containing lab
chemicals;
3 facilities instituted a formal program to replace mercury-containing electrical equipment during
building renovation activities;
3 facilities adopted a policy to eliminate or phase-out mercury containing products and equipment;
3 facilities created an inventory of areas or places where mercury containing products are still
being used;
3 facilities requested information from their vendors about the mercury content of selected
products.
3 facilities established a program to check drain traps for historical mercury content;
4 facilities created programs to improve infectious waste segregation practices;
2 facilities expanded their recycling programs; and
3 facilities expanded their materials reuse programs.
Project Partners:
Illinois Waste Management Research Center (WMRC)
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Appendix A
University of Wisconsin Extension
Products:
Training program materials
http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/bnsdocs/merchealth/
Hospital P2 Assessment
Pre-Assessment Survey
Post-Assessment Survey
http://www.epa.state.il.us/p2/fact-sheets/hospital-checklist.pdf
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Appendix A
Title: NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION (NGO) INVOLVEMENT IN
IMPLEMENTING VIRTUAL ELIMINATION (FY97 - GL985598-01)
Organization: National Wildlife Federation
GL985598-01 cvrletter.pdf
GL985598-01.pdf
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$140,000
$26,237
10/01/97-9/30/99
All
Mercury, Dioxin
Education/Outreach
Contact:
Andy Buchsbaum
National Wildlife Federation
506 E Liberty Second Floor
Ann Harbor MI 48104-2210
Telephone: (734)769-3351
Fax: (734)769-1449
E-mail: greatlakes@nwf.org
Summary: The National Wildlife Federation (NWF) promoted the goals and objectives of the Great
Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy (GLBTS) by working with the healthcare industry to eliminate PTS in
hospitals, working with local government agencies to reduce PTS in wastewater, educating and mobilizing
citizens to become involved with the GLBTS, and by providing leadership to the overall GLBTS
Integration and Substance workgroups.
Environmental Results/Products: NWF partnered with other environmental non-governmental
organizations (ENGOs) to plan a major public education initiative on deposition of airborne toxics. In
September 1999, NWF published a report, Clean the Rain. Clean the Lakes: Mercury in Rain is Polluting
the Great Lakes that documents the high concentrations of mercury in rainfall in the Great Lakes region.
The report was designed to highlight the role that airborne PTS (particularly mercury) play in causing
impairments to the Great Lakes basin.
NWF has worked with the Health Care Without Harm (HCWH) coalition to champion mercury pollution
prevention in the healthcare industry. NWF and the international HCWH launched a campaign to persuade
100 hospitals to pledge to go mercury-free by National Hospital Week, May 1999. The campaign
successfully recruited 127 hospitals and 361 clinics in the Great Lakes Basin.
In March 1999, NWF co-hosted a conference on mercury pollution prevention for healthcare professionals
in Michigan. The conference, co-sponsored by the Ecology Center of Ann Arbor, the Michigan Health &
Hospital Association, and Detroiters Working for Environmental Justice, was attended by more than 120
people.
On September 16, 1999, NWF and the Marquette Area Wastewater Treatment Facility co-hosted a one-day
conference on the use of mercury in the healthcare industry. This conference served to introduce the
Upper Peninsula of Michigan to the national trend of mercury pollution prevention in hospitals.
Participants were educated about hospitals efforts to implement mercury pollution prevention and were
encouraged to participate in the national Mercury Free Medicine campaign and the Health Care Without
Harm coalition.
In November 1998, NWF organized a meeting in Chicago for ENGOs and EPA staff to discuss future
directions of the mercury workgroup in the GLBTS process. In April 1999, NWF convened a meeting of
other ENGOs to develop a consensus position on proposed changes to the GLBTS process, which were
subsequently adopted at the GLBTS Stakeholder Forum in Toronto.
45
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Appendix A
Dr. Michael Murray conducted an analysis of the multi-pollutant, multi-workgroup implications of
different types of incinerators, which led to the development of an Incinerator Workshop.
NWF conducted a grassroots campaign to spark public involvement in the GLBTS. NWF mailed
information to more than 4,000 activists and 200 organizations, devoted coverage on its web sites, and
organized public participation at the hearings on the Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy in
Washington, DC and Chicago. As a result of this effort, more than 400 citizens submitted letters and
comments on the Strategy.
Project Partners:
Ecology Center of Ann Arbor
Michigan Health & Hospital Association
Detroiters Working for Environmental Justice
Marquette Area Wastewater Treatment Facility
Great Lakes United
Clean Air Network
Lake Michigan Federation
Sierra Club
Clean Water Action
Health Care Without Harm Coalition
Products:
An analysis of the multi-pollutant, multi-workgroup implications of different types of incinerators by Dr.
Murray, NWF
Clean the Rain. Clean the Lakes: Mercury in Rain is Polluting the Great Lakes by NWF
http: //www .nwf. org/cleantherain/ctrexec .html
March 1999 Conference Agenda
September 1999 Conference Agenda
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Appendix A
Title INDIANA LAKE MICHIGAN PESTICIDE CLEAN SWEEP
(FY97-GL985636-01)
Organization: Purdue University
Contact:
Kevin W. Neal
Purdue University
Office of Indiana State Chemist and Seed
Commissioner
1154 Biochemistry Building
W Lafayette, IN 47907-1154
Telephone: (765) 494-1492
Fax:(765)494-4331
E-mail: nealk@isco.purdue.edu
GL985636-01.pdf
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxics Reduced:
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$23,456
$1,579
09/30/97 - 09/29/98
Michigan
5,164 Ibs pesticides
pesticides, DDT, cyano gas,
lead arsenate, chlordane
Pesticide Clean Sweep
Education/Outreach
Summary: The Office of Indiana State Chemist (OISC) conducted a one day pesticide collection in South
Bend, Indiana. A hazardous waste contractor, Heritage Environmental, was selected to handle, transport
and dispose of the pesticides. Heritage provided all the equipment needed and an emergency response
plan.
Environmental Results/Products: OISC mailed 458 surveys to pest control business and golf courses
within ST. Joseph County to guage the type and volume of materials that would be collected. OISC also
issued news releases to local papers and provided information through its Extension Office newsletter.
The collection took place at the St. Joseph County Fairgrounds located in South Bend IN. Participants
were directed to a designated area where personnel from Heritage took control of pesticides products
brought to the site from target sources (e.g., golf courses & pest control industries). The participants were
given a package of information pertaining to pesticide safety and pollution prevention.
The pesticides were sorted according to DOT hazardous material classification and disposal guidelines. A
total of five thousand one hundred and sixty-four pounds (5,164) of waste pesticide was collected from 42
participants. Among the pesticides collected were DDT, Cyanogas, lead arsenate and chlordane.
The following informational brochures were provided:
Agriculture Effect on Environment Quality: key management issues
Conservation Tillage and Water Quality
Wetlands and water Quality
Pesticides and container management
Pesticides and their proper storage
Project Partners:
Purdue University, Department of Agriculture
Heritage Environmental Corporation
St. Joseph County Indiana Extension Office
Products:
Survey
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Appendix A
Informational Letter
Pesticides and Spill Management Fact Sheet
http://www.btnv.purdue.edu/Pubs/PPP/PPP28.html
Conservation Tillage and Water Quality Fact Sheet
http://www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/WQ/WQ-20.html
Wetlands and Water Quality Fact Sheet
http ://persephone .agcom.purdue.edu/AgCom/Pubs/WQ/WQ-10 .html
Pesticides and Container Management Manual
http://www.btnv.purdue.edu/Pubs/PPP/PPP21 .html
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Appendix A
Title MERCURY REDUCTION INITIATIVES - CATCH THE FEVER EXCHANGE
PROGRAM (FY 97 - GL985648-01)
Organization: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Contact:
Karen Best
Steven Kratzer
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Hollister Building
P.O Box 30473
Lansing, MI 48909-7973
Telephone: (515) 373-0939
E-mail: kratzers@michigan.gov
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxics Reduced:
GL985648-01.pdf
$108,100
$5,700
10/01/97-9/30/00
Michigan, Huron, Superior,
Erie
80 mercury manometers, 640
elemental mercury
thermometers, 7 Ibs
mercury, 14 mercury
lab thermometers and
3 mercury thermostats
Mercury
Education/Outreach
Toxic Stressor(s):
Project Type:
Summary: The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) Environmental Assistance
Division (EAD) staff conducted a state mercury pollution prevention outreach campaign targeting schools,
universities, medical facilities, and industrial facilities. MDEQ provided information about the dangers of
mercury, proper disposal techniques, best management practices, mercury substitutes, and lists of drop-off
centers, companies accepting elemental mercury, and mercury-free substitutes.
Environmental Results/Products: The MDEQ,
MDEQ staff conducted a mass mailing of pollution prevention materials to all Michigan Intermediate
School Districts. The Science Teachers and Mercury Concern brochures were featured, along with a new
publication titled The P2 Education Tool Box.
EAD staff participated in six Mercury P2 in Schools workshops targeting science teachers and
administrators. EAD staff also conducted an analysis of a State Senate bill to eliminate mercury in schools
and provided testimony to the Michigan Legislature on the subject.
EAD staff developed a customized mercury resource manual was developed as a resource for state
environmental staff. All EAD field staff and MDEQ district offices received copies of this manual.
The MDEQ-Air Quality Division and the EAD staff participated on a Multi-Cultural Mercury Task Force
whose mission was to provide mercury education and outreach information to the Hispanic community.
An investigation corroborated preliminary reports that elemental mercury was being sold in botanicas
(Mexican gift shops) in southeast and southwest Michigan. As a result, a bilingual mercury brochure was
developed and distributed to interest organizations. Staff also gave presentations on the dangers of
mercury at workshops and special functions.
EAD trained 35 engineers to conduct mercury audits as part of their waste assessment training under the
Retired Engineer Technical Assistance Program (RETAP). All the materials for the audits were provided
to the Waste Reduction and Technology Transfer Foundation.
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Appendix A
BAD expansion Michigan's pilot dairy farm mercury manometer trade-in program, which resulted in the
elimination and recovery of 80 mercury dairy manometers. MDEQ conducted a pilot Catch the Fever
mercury fever thermometer exchange for two departments in state government (the Michigan Department
of Community Health and the MDEQ). As a result of this effort, a total of 640 mercury thermometers
were recovered, as well as 7 pounds of elemental mercury, 14 mercury lab thermometers and 3 mercury
thermostats. This effort served as a template for a statewide program expansion.
The following publications were updated and reprinted:
Science Teachers and Mercury Concern Brochure
Dairy Mercury Manometer Brochure
Mercury Spill Contractors List
Lists of Companies Accepting Mercury
Project Partners:
Waste Reduction and Technology Transfer Foundation
Michigan Department of Community Health
MDEQ-Air Quality Division
Products:
Science Teachers and Mercury Concern brochures
http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-ead-p2-mercury-hgscience.pdf
The P2 Education Tool Box
http://www.epa.gov/reg5rcra/wptdiv/p2pages/toolbox.htm
Mercury P2 in Schools workshop materials
Mercury Resource Book for MI DEQ BAD Staff
Dairy Mercury Manometer Brochure
http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-ead-p2-mercury-agmercbr.pdf
Mercury Spill Contractors List
http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-ead-p2-mercury-cleanup.pdf
Lists of Companies Accepting Hg
http://www.michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,7-135-3307_29693_4175-11691-,00.html
Michigan Mercury Pollution Prevention (M2P2) Task Force Final Report
http://www.michigan.gOv/deq/l,1607,7-135-3585-14172-,OO.html
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Appendix A
Title A PARTNERSHIP FOR PREVENTION
(FY97-GL985665-01-0)
Organization: Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
Contact: Project Statistics:
Brad E. Vanderhoof Award Amount: $75,000
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Dollars Leveraged: $3,947
Protection Project Timetable: 10/01/97-09/30/99
P.O Box 2063 Lake Basin(s): Erie
Harrisburg, PA 17105-2063 Toxics Reduced: 1,580 Ibs elemental mercury,
Telephone: (814) 332-6816 200 Ibs mercury devices,
350 Ibs DDT, 500 Ibs
toxaphene, 275 Ibs chlordane,
215 Ibs aldrin/dieldrin.
Toxic Stressors: Mercury, DDT,
Aldrin/Dieldrin, Toxaphene
Project Type: Education/Outreach
Summary: The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PDEP) conducted a pollution
prevention and toxics reduction education and outreach campaign to the greater Erie, PA area (i.e., the
communities and businesses connected to the Erie Sewer Authority System). The project included the
entire Pennsylvania Lake Erie watershed and all of Erie County. Communities such as North East, Girard
and Lake City were included and welcomed to participate in various aspects of the projects.
The project included:
Educating the community about the dangers of persistent toxic substances, with a special emphasis
on mercury,
Educating the community about the benefits of a pollution prevention (P2) to environmental
protection,
Educating the community about specific ways they can reduce or recycle mercury,
Educating the community about the benefits of community-wide environmental partnerships,
Educating businesses about specific P2 techniques and providing them with information needed to
implement P2 practices,
Collecting and recycling elemental mercury, and,
Encouraging environmentally sophisticated companies to mentor other companies on how to
reduce mercury.
Environmental Results/Products:
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PA DEP) project staff established a committee for
the partnership for prevention called Pollution Prevention Partnership in Erie (P3ERIE) to build support
for P2 by developing and implementing a public education campaign and practical projects to reduce the
presence and threat mercury and other toxic substances in the greater Erie area.
Several education and outreach activities are listed below:
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Appendix A
In February 1998, P3ERIE hosted a press conference to announce the Hamot Medical Center zero
use of mercury goal. PA DEP mailed a letter to 300 hospitals, nursing homes and other healthcare
facilities about the Hamot Medical Center's commitment and information about mercury free
facilities.
In April, 1998, PA DEP staff organized several pollution prevention workshops to more than
3,000 students a the City of Erie's celebration of Earth Day. P3ERIE also conducted a mercury
collection in at the Erie Civic Center. Area residents were directed to the Erie Wastewater
Treatment Plant to drop off mercury containing items. Approximately 1,240 pounds of elemental
mercury were collected on April 17 and 18, 1998.
P3ERIE and PA DEP's Emergency Response Team organized mercury collection programs within
the greater Erie area. Approximately 140 pounds of elemental mercury and approximately 2,500
mercury-containing items from approximately 40 citizens, schools and institutions were collected.
In September 1999, P3Erie partnered with the PA Department of Agriculture and International
Paper Co. in Erie to conduct a mercury and pesticide collection. Approximately 200 pounds of
elemental mercury, and 200 pounds of devices which contain mercury were collected from the
public. Approximately 10, 000 pounds of pesticides were also collected and disposed of,
including 350 pounds of DDT, 500 pounds of toxaphene, 275 pounds of chlordane, and 215
pounds of aldrin/dieldrin.
P3ERIE developed and printed one-thousand copies of a brochure for the general public titled
Mercury: toxic, persistent and preventable The brochure contains information on the dangers of
mercury and mercury containing products, mercury recycling disposal information and alternatives
to mercury products. A sticker puzzle that is completed by answering questions about mercury
and P2 inquiries were developed for school children. Staff distributed 1,300 copies to area
schools.
A total of six P2 workshops were conducted, attracting over 280 people from businesses,
healthcare facilities, local government and educational institutions in attendance. Examples
included the, Pollution Prevention Strategies to Address Mercury and Other Great Lakes Initiative
Pollutants, held in Chicago, and a P2 for School Laboratories Workshop at the General Electric
Learning Center. Ten teachers attended this workshop.
A packet was mailed to every school in Erie County asking school officials to inventory their
laboratories to determine if there were any unwanted chemicals in the labs that are included on the
SARA extremely hazardous substance list. Fifteen Erie County schools responded to the mailing.
PA DEP has continued to work with targeted industries to eliminate the use and discharge of mercury into
the environment. Staff conducted several audits at the International Paper's Erie Mill. Water samples
were taken within the production process and at the wastewater discharge. The laboratory analysis of the
sample detected no mercury.
Project Partners:
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Appendix A
Erie Wastewater Treatment Plant
General Electric Transportation Systems
Northeast Industrial Resource Center
Gannon University
Western Lake Superior Sanitary District
Air & Waste Management Association
Erie County Planning Department
City of Erie Public Works Department
International Paper Company
Products:
Blueprint for Mercury (Western Lake Superior Sanitary District)
http://www.wlssd.duluth.mn.us/publications/Blueprint%20for%20mercury /Revised%20Blueprint%20for%
20Mercu.pdf
MercErie brochure - http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/pollprev/P3erie/mercbroch.htm
Mercury Brochure - http://www.dep.state.pa.us/dep/deputate/pollprev/P3erie/Mercbroch.pdf
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Appendix A
Title: NORTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN AND LAKE SUPERIOR CLEAN SWEEP
(FY97-GL985714-01-0)
Organization: Michigan Department of Agriculture
Contact:
Jack Knorek
Michigan Department of Agriculture
PO Box 30017
Lansing, MI 48909
Telephone: (517)335-2874
Fax: (517)335-3131
Email: KnorekJ@state.mi.us
GL985714-01.pdf
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
$60,000
$3,158
09/30/97 - 12/30/98
Superior, Michigan,
Huron
59,000 Ibs pesticides
Pesticides
Program Development
Toxics Reduced:
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
Summary: The Michigan Department of Agriculture (MDA) administers a Statewide program to remove
and properly dispose of unwanted or unusable pesticides in Michigan. The objective of this project was to
establish two more permanent clean sweep collection sites in order to provide dedicated collection,
storage, and disposal services in the Lake Michigan and Lake Superior watersheds, in both urban and rural
areas. Disposer cClients included farmers, golf courses managers, municipalities, schools and private
citizens.
Environmental Results/Products: Funds from this grant were used to install permanent Clean Sweep
facilities in Escanaba and Traverse City, Michigan. These facilities now serve as a central pesticide
collection and disposal site for Northern Michigan and Michigan's Upper Peninsula and serve the Lake
Superior, Lake Michigan and Lake Huron watersheds. Each site has signed a ten-year agreement, which
obligates them to collect and dispose of any pesticide presented to those facilities by Michigan residents.
Individual Michigan residents may dispose of unused and unwanted pesticides by taking them to one of
these Clean Sweep sites where they will be collected, packaged for shipping, and disposed of properly.
There is no charge to the end-users of pesticides for this service. Disposal costs are covered by the MDA's
Michigan Groundwater Stewardship program, grants from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and
services provided by the local cooperators.
Pesticide dealers and individuals who sell and/or apply pesticides for hire may also, at the Clean Sweep
site manager's discretion, dispose of unused or unwanted pesticides at cost. This cost is typically less than
20 percent of the normal cost of pesticide waste disposal because of economies of scale and competitive
bidding of waste disposal costs.
The Clean Sweep program collected more than 59,000 pounds of pesticides from eight permanent sites in
Michigan in operation at the time.
Project Partners:
Michigan Department of Agriculture
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Appendix A
Title: NON-COMBUSTION EMISSIONS OF MERCURY IN THE GREAT LAKES AIRSHED
(FY 98 - DW89947904-01-0)
DW89947904-01.pdf
Organization: Department of Energy - Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Contact:
Steven E. Lindberg, Senior Scientist
Environmental Sciences Division
U.S. Department of Energy
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge TN, 37831-6138
Telephone: (423)574-7857
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$100,000
$7,271
12/01/98-11/30/00
All
Mercury
Emissions/Source Characterization
Summary: In conjunction with the U.S. EPA, the Chlorine Institute, and the University of Michigan, this
project aimed to improve scientific understanding of the quantity and species of mercury vapor emitted to
the atmosphere during operation of a chlor-alkali factory.
During the mid-1990s, U.S. factories that rely on mercury in the production of chlorine and sodium
hydroxide consumed more than 10 tons of mercury per year per factory. However, these factories have
not been able to account for much of the mercury that they consume. Because factory production
equipment is hot and mercury is semi-volatile, the possibility of fugitive (non-stack) air emissions has long
been recognized and regulated (though without continuous monitoring of non-stack emissions).
EPA's estimate of fugitive mercury vapor emissions from factories rests on short-duration measurements
that were taken in 1972, using methods then available for measuring mercury in air. During the past
decade, there have been large advances in equipments and methods for measuring mercury vapor. These
advances include continuous values; near real-time values; and long-path optical instruments. In
voluntary cooperation with the U.S. chlor-alkali sector, this study brought these advances to bear on vapor
emissions from an operating factory.
Environmental Results/Products:
A non-stack emissions study was conducted at a factory during February 2000.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory reported its results in: G. R. Southworth, S. E. Lindberg, H. Zhang, and F.
R. Anscombe. 2004. "Fugitive mercury emissions from a chlor-alkali factory: sources and fluxes to the
atmosphere." Atmospheric Environment, 38, 597-611.
One finding was that fugitive air emissions from the cell-room roof vent are episodic and vary with factory
operating conditions (maintenance and minor operational perturbations). Therefore, air emissions are
likely to vary widely among factories on a worldwide basis, in accordance with the operating procedures
practiced at each.
Properly positioned, real-time mercury vapor analyzers are potentially valuable tools to detect small-scale
process vapor leaks.
A preliminary estimate of daily fugitive Mercury emissions during this period (-400-600 g per day)
indicated that the bulk of the atmospheric loss was emitted from the roof vent of the main production
building. This factory was unusual in having a single roof vent.
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Appendix A
Sealed former waste ponds were not important sources, emitting mercury at rates comparable to
background soils.
One uncertainty was that the study did not witness a full and representative range of maintenance activities
and operating conditions typically conducted at a chlor-alkali factory. It is only reasonable to regard the
average of 500 g per day witnessed during the study to be a best-case, lower bound estimate of the year
around daily average. Only a long-term study that witnesses a full and typical range of maintenance and
system malfunctions can provide a surer estimate of emissions.
On the other hand, the studied factory is known to have made equipment improvements that may have
reduced air emissions from the rate that was observed during February 2000. U.S. factories have reduced
their annual consumption of mercury by about 70 percent since undertaking a voluntary program to reduce
replenishment mercury.
Project Partners:
The Chlorine Institute
USEPA
University of Michigan
Olin Corporation
Products:
Emission of Mercury from Chlor-alkali Factories, Atmospheric Environment 38 (2004) 597-611
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science ?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VH3-49XPG7T-7&_user=10&_handle
=B-WA-A-W-AC-MsSAYZA-UUA-AAUBEUVWUD-AAUAVYCUUD-DZYECAWAV-AC-U& fmt=s
ummary&_coverDate=02%2F29%2F2004&_rdoc=8&_orig=browse&_srch=%23toc%236055%232004%
23999619995%23473615 !&_cdi=6055&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=l&_urlVersion=0&_user
id=10&md5=b7e9e870ec083a4a53a9f3cab7397eae
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Appendix A
Title BAD RIVER CLEAN SWEEP
(FY 98-GL985154-01-0)
GL985154-01_cvrletter.pdf
Organization: Bad River Band of Lake Superior Chippewa
Contact:
Donald Corbine
Tribe of Chippewa Indians
Chief Blackbird CTR, Maple LN
P.O Box 39
Odanah,WI 54861
Telephone: (715)682-7880
Fax: (715)682-7118
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxics Reduced:
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
GL985154-01.pdf
$22,257
$1,236
10/01/98-05/30/00
Superior
6,160 Ibs Household Hazardous Waste
Corrosives, Ethylene Glycol, Solvents,
Cleaners, Pesticides, Mercury, Gas/oil,
Batteries, Aerosols, Contaminated Soil
(special waste)
Clean Sweep
Summary: The Bad River Clean Sweep collected household hazardous waste at three pick-up locations
on the Bad River Chippewa Indian Reservation. The Bad River Watershed Coordinator also conducted
community outreach by writing articles for the community and regional papers, producing and distributing
a pamphlet, and conducting a workshop at the Bad River Tribal School. The students at the Bad River
School were encouraged to participate as volunteers during the collection day. This program increased
citizens' knowledge and awareness of waste disposal issues and their connection to the quality of water
resources on the reservation and in Lake Superior.
Environmental Results/Products:
A total of three separate on-site Bad River Reservation Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) Clean Sweep
events were hosted at the Tribe's recycling/solid waste transfer station. Residents of the Bad River
Reservation and surrounding communities in the watershed were invited to participate. The tribe added a
personalized touch to its collection methods. It offered a free home pick-up service, allowing those that
live on the reservation's most rural areas and communities to participate and contribute.
These events were made public by means of posters, flyers and advertisements. Notices were distributed
and posted flyers throughout the tribal governmental and community building and agencies. Prior to each
event ads were placed in tribal and the local newspapers. The Tribal Recycling/Solid Waste Department
staff provided the public with information regarding HHW and Clean Sweep events. They began
informing the public that it provides curbside service to pick up HHW materials on their scheduled
recycling material pick-up days.
A total of 6,160 pounds of HHW materials were collected and disposed of from these three events. The
following items were removed (collected) from the environment and managed properly through a
contractor of hazardous waste: hazardous paint, corrosives, ethylene glycol, cleaners, pesticides, gas/oil,
fluorescent bulbs, batteries, aerosols, contaminated soil (special waste).
Bad River Tribal School Student Pollution Prevention Education
The educational component of this grant consisted of the Tribe's Watershed Coordinator visiting the tribal
school system and presenting an Environmental Protection curriculum to the students. The presentation
covered several areas including HHW, Pollution Prevention, Recycling and the Landfill Closure Project.
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Appendix A
A brochure/pamphlet was developed and circulated throughout the community. The Bad River Housing
Authority distributed the pamphlets to 223 households under their jurisdiction.
Project Partners:
University of Wisconsin
Volunteer community group
The Bad River Housing Authority
Tribal Recycling/Solid Waste Department
Bad River Recycling and Solid Waste Department
The Nature Conservancy - Wisconsin Chapter
Town of Sanborn
University of Wisconsin - Extension
Products:
Household Hazardous Waste Brochure
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Appendix A
Title: GREAT LAKES BINATIONAL TOXICS STRATEGY SUPPORT - POLLUTION
PREVENTION SPECIALIST
(FY98-GL985779-01)
GL985779-01.pdf
Organization: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Contact:
George Meyer
Al Shea
Bureau of Watershed Management
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
101 South Webster St Box 7921
Madison WI 5 3 707-7921
Telephone: (608) 266-2621 and (608) 267-2759
Fax: (608) 267-3579
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxics Reduced:
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$18,400
$970
03/14/98-12/31/99
Michigan
3,579 Ibs mercury, 5,539
pounds of mercury containing
devices, and 104,258 mercury
containing lamps from state
residents
Mercury
Education/Outreach
Summary: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) developed Great Lakes Binational
Toxics Strategy GLBTS outreach and educational materials for Wisconsin stakeholders and promoted
GLBTS goals and strategies as part of their State-wide pollution prevention outreach strategy. WDNR
personnel participated in (GLBTS) planning and stakeholders meetings as well.
Environmental Results/Products:
WDNR conducted/developed the following outreach/educational projects:
Print and internet versions of a WDNR fact sheet to promote residential recycling of
mercury-containing thermostats;
(http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/caer/cea/publications/pubs/collO.htm)
A pledge program within Wisconsin to recognize HVAC contractors and wholesalers who recycle
mercury-containing thermostats and encourage use of non-mercury thermostats; (link to list of
contractors & wholesalers
http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/caer/cea/mercury/thermostat/businesses/index.htm)
A multi-community Mercury Recycling Program which ran through December 2000. This
program allowed for the collection of mercury and mercury-containing devices from very small
quantity generators at reduced or no cost;
A "Mercury Round Up" which collected 3,579 pounds of elemental mercury, 5,539 pounds of
mercury containing devices, and 104,258 lamps from state residents;
In conjunction with the City of Madison, A Madison mercury workgroup to promote mercury
awareness in the Madison area;
Internet content for the American Hospital Association - EPA Communications workgroup.
WDNR also participated in the following GLBTS and related activities:
Presented information on Wisconsin's Mercury Air Strategy at the GLBTS Stakeholder Forum in
Toronto, April 1999;
Developed a program to reduce the purchase of, and encourage recycling of, mercury-containing
thermostats, and
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Convened a mercury stakeholder group, consisting of representatives from utilities, a chlor-alkali
plant, environmental groups, sportfishing groups, and Native American tribes, to focus on
measures to reduce mercury emissions to the environment. A draft concept paper outlining a
mercury cap and trade concept for air emissions was used for discussion.
Project Partners:
Wisconsin Department of Commerce
Small Business Clean Air Assistance Program
University of Wisconsin Extension - Solid and Hazardous Waste Education Center
Citizens for a Better Environment
City of Madison, Wisconsin
Products:
Household Thermostat Recycling an Environmental Fact Sheet
http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/caer/cea/publications/pubs/collO.htm
Thermostat Vendors Participating in the Thermostat Recycling Corporation Program
http://www.dnr.state.wi.us/org/caer/cea/mercury/thermostat/businesses/index.htm
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Appendix A
Title A COMMUNITY BASED MERCURY REDUCTION ON THE LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN
(FY98-GL-985855-01)
GL985855-01.pdf
Organization: Marquette Community Mercury Reduction Committee
Contact:
Curtis M. Goodman
Marquette County
300 West Baraga
Marquette MI, 49855-4763
Telephone: (906) 228-0485
Fax:
E-mail: cgoodman@mqtcty.org
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxics Reduced:
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$36,000
$10,800
10/01/98 - 10/01/00
Superior
700 thermometers
Mercury
Education/Outreach
Summary: The specific goals of the project were: 1) to quantify Marquette, Michigan area mercury
emissions through sampling and a regional mercury source mass balance, 2) identify and target areas and
business sectors with significant mercury emissions for assistance with mercury reduction, 3) organize
specific community mercury reduction activities, such as thermometer exchanges, 4) coordinate mercury
reduction efforts with key players and share successful strategies and useful information with other Upper
Peninsula communities, 5) develop materials for and conduct public education and outreach to generally
reduce mercury use and encourage appropriate handling and disposal of mercury-containing devices.
Environmental Results/Products: With the help of this grant, the National Wildlife Federation and
interested community members, the Marquette Community Mercury Reduction Committee (MCMRC) has
accomplished the following:
MCMRC conducted low-level mercury sampling in 2000 and 2001. Based on sampling results,
supplemented by a literature review and community inteviews, MCMRC identified local sources
of mercury for pollution prevention actions. These included hospitals, veterinary facilities,
coal-fired utilities, dental offices, schools, and the heating and plumbing industry;
MCMRC designed educational materials to address industry-specific mercury topics, and focused
mercury reduction efforts, such as workshops and thermometer exchanges, on these areas;
MCMRC advocated for energy conservation among coal fired utilities;
MCMRC held several Mercury Free Medicine Workshop and collected 700 thermometers for
thermometer exchanges;
MCMRC contacted a number of Upper Peninsula wastewater treatment plants, education
institutions, and medical facilities to establish outlets to distribute mercury information; and
MCMRC developed informational presentations and a brochure on local mercury disposal options;
Project Partners:
National Wildlife Federation
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Marquette County Health Department
Marquette County
Northern Michigan University
Products:
Educational materials to address industry-specific topics
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Appendix A
local mercury disposal options brochure
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Appendix A
Title ACHIEVING ZERO DISCHARGE IN HEALTH CARE
(FY98-GL-995860-01)
Organization: Western Lake Superior Sanitary District
Contact:
Doug Fairchild
Western Lake Superior Sanitary District
2626 Courtland Street
Duluth, MN 55806-1894
Telephone: (218) 722-3336
Fax: (218)727-7471
Email: doug.Fairchild@wlssd.duluth.mn.us
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$60,000
$8,000
10/01/98-9/30/01
Superior
PBTs/Mercury, dioxin
Education/Outreach
Summary: Western Lake Superior Sanitary District (WLSSD) worked directly with health care facilities
to identify and purchase alternative products to help to minimize the discharge of persistent toxic
substances (PTSs) in the health care waste stream. WLSSD helped to develop and implement a Preferred
Purchasing Policy targeting potentially toxic substances (PTSs). WLSSD produced educational e
materials for health care staff about the complete life cycle of products they use, including their
environmental and health costs.
Environmental Results/Products: WLSSD assisted individual hospitals to draft letters to their state
purchasing organization and general purchasing organizations, requesting products that would help them
work toward the zero-discharge of PTS products. The Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance
(MOEA) accomplished a significant portion of this activity through their Health Care Environmental
Purchasing Tool (HCEPT)
WLSSD held quarterly meetings with representatives of public and private hospitals, Healthcare Without
Harm, the MOEA, a and manufacturer of medical products, to discuss environmentally preferable
purchasing and the elimination of PTS.
In 2000, a video addressing the elimination of dioxins from the hospital waste stream was produced. The
20 minute program First Do No Harm: Polyvinyl Chloride and Medicine Responsibility targeted hospital
staff and discussed sources of dioxins in medical waste with steps toward their elimination. A total of
2750 tapes were produced and distributed nationwide by WLSSD.
A Lumex Mercury Analyzer was purchased to assist Duluth, Minnesota regional hospitals and clinics with
mercury detection and cleanup efforts, and to enhance WLSSD's zero-discharge project. The Lumex has
been made available to the Duluth office of Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and others requiring
mercury detection or involved in educational efforts.
WLSSD held two workshops to familiarize potential users and other interested parties with the Lumex
Mercury Analyzer. The first workshop demonstrated the instrument and provided hands-on training to
WLSSD safety and laboratory personnel and the staff of MPCA first responders. The second workshop
demonstrated the capabilities of the instrument to educators, hospitals and industrial environmental and
safety personnel.
Project Partners:
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Appendix A
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Healthcare Without Harm
Hospitals for a Healthy Environment
Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance
Healthcare Supply Manufacturer
Products:
First Do No Harm: Polyvinyl Chloride and Medicine's Responsibility - Hospital Purchasing Video
http: //www .noharm. org/library/docs/First_Do_No_Harm_video_2 .htm
Strategies and Roadblocks Towards the Elimination of PBT Through Contract Purchasing (report)
Strategies and Roadblocks Towards the Elimination of PBT Through State Healthcare Purchasing (report)
Health Care Environmental Purchasing Tool (HCEPT)
http://www.nihe.org/hcept tool/home.html
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Appendix A
Title ERIE COUNTY/TRIBE ENVIRONMENTAL PARTNERSHIP
(FY98-GL985904-01)
GL985904-01.pdf
Organization: County of Erie, Department of Environment and Planning
Contact:
Paul Kranz
Erie County
Department of Environment & Planning
95 Franklin Street
Buffalo, N.Y. 14202
Telephone: (716) 858-7897
E-mail: paul@cadg.co.erie.ny.us
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxics Reduced:
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$75,000
$25,000
10/01/98-10/01/01
Erie
270 Ibs Pesticides
8811bsHHW
Pesticides and HHW
Clean Sweep
Summary: The Erie County/Tribe Environmental Partnership Project provided hazardous waste
collection and disposal services to the Seneca, Tuscarora and Tonawanda Reservations in located in
Western New York. The project focused on the collection and disposal of persistent toxic substances
(PTS) such as PCBs, mercury, chlordane and DDT which are common in household hazardous waste
(HHW).
Environmental Results/Products: Erie County successfully conducted five HHW collections over two
years for the Seneca, Tuscarora and Tonawanda Indian Reservations. Most collected materials were
standard HHW. In addition to the toxics in the summary above, other toxics included lead, chromium,
endrin, heptachlor, diazinon, aldrin, malathion, arsenic, phenols, benzene, and carbon tetrachloride.
Combined totals for the five HHW collection events area as follows:
consolidated paint (liquid)
consolidated paint (sludge)
waste paint recycled
pesticides
aerosols
resins/adhesives
acids
alkaline
lead acid batteries
tires
220 gallons
275 gallons
176 gallons
270 pounds
65 gallons
60 gallons
50 gallons
95 gallons
143
1,686
(Includes a one time clean-up of 1,428 tires on the Seneca Reservation)
Erie County Department of Environment and Planning (ECDEP) initiated the County/ Tribe
Environmental Partnership Project with an organizational meeting with the three above-mentioned
Western New York Tribes. A consensus was reached among all parties to conduct a Household Hazardous
Waste (HHW) collection program.
An environmental workshop was held at the Tuscarora Reservation on April 23, 1999 and about 75
residents attended. The workshop provided the opportunity to educate reservation residents on how to
identify HHW materials, properly dispose of these materials in an environmentally responsible manner,
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promote the use of less toxic products, and watershed and groundwater protection. Residents were
provided with handouts on HHW and observed a slide presentation of the collection event procedures.
To minimize program expenses, other no-cost service providers that participate in Erie County programs
were solicited to support this effort. A lead-acid battery recycler and a propane tank recycler agreed to
support the event. A tire recycler also agreed to supported the event, which enabled the County and the
Seneca Reservation to dispose of 1,428 tires from an illegal dump site on the reservation.
Project Partners:
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
Safety Kleen Inc.
El-Don Battery Inc.
Irish Propane
Integrated Tire provided the disposal services
Modern Disposal Services
Waste Management
Seneca Indian Reservation
Tonawanda Reservation
Tuscarora Reservation
Cattaraugus County, New York
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Appendix A
Title 1998 CLEAN SWEEP
(FY98-GL985913-01)
Organization: Michigan Department of Agriculture
Contact:
Keneth Rauscher
Michigan Department of Agriculture
PO Box 30017
Lansing MI 48909
Telephone: (517)373-1087
Fax: (517)335-4540
E-mail: roweb(S>state.mi.us
GL985913-01.pdf
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Area Affected:
Toxics Reduced:
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$40,000
$2,106
10/01/98-9/30/99
Michigan, Superior,
Erie, Hurons
59,000 Ibs pesticides
Pesticides
Clean Sweep
Summary: The Michigan Department of Agriculture (MDA) collected 59,000 pounds of pesticides at
eight permanent clean sweep storage facilities. The MDA Clean Sweep program helps to protect the State
of Michigan's natural resources and prevent agriculture pollution by ensuring the safe and proper disposal
of outdated, unused or unwanted pesticides in Michigan. The MDA's Michigan Groundwater Stewardship
Program (MGSP), in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), local units of
government, and the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ), have established a totaal of
sixteen (16) permanent Clean Sweep sites throughout the state.
Farmers and individual Michigan residents may drop off potentially harmful pesticides at a Clean Sweep
site where they will be collected, packaged for shipping, and disposed of properly and safely. There is no
charge for this service. Those interested in participating in the program may contact the site coordinator at
the location nearest to them for more information, including collection dates. Pesticide dealers and
individuals who sell and/or apply pesticides for hire may also, at the Clean Sweep site manager's
discretion, dispose of unused or unwanted pesticides at cost. This cost is typically less than 20 percent of
the normal cost of pesticide waste disposal because of economies of scale and competitive bidding of
waste disposal accounts.
Clean Sweep sites cannot take non-pesticide or non-mercury items like Household Hazardous Wastes
(leftover consumer products like certain paints, cleaners, car batteries and motor oil), they are run
concurrently with local HHW programs to ensure convenience for customers. MDA, through the MGSP
and fees paid by pesticide and fertilizer registration fees on specialty and agricultural products, provides
funding to support the disposal of pesticides, while the local unit of government host site provides for
staffing, scheduling, site maintenance, promotion, vendor selection, etc. The USEPA has historically
provided funding for site construction, and will often provide additional funding to support pesticide
disposal. MDEQ support covers the cost of allowing mercury disposal at the sites as well.
This Clean Sweep program collected more than 59,000 pounds of pesticides from eight permanent sites in
Michigan.
Project Partners:
Pesticides & Plant Pesticides Management Division - Michigan Department of Agriculture
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Local units of government in Michigan
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Appendix A
Title: MERCURY MANOMETER REPLACEMENT ON DAIRY EQUIPMENT
(FY98-GL-985917-01)
GL985917-01.pdf
Organization: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Contact:
Jerry Rodenberg
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
PO Box 7921
Madison, WI 53707
Telephone: (606)267-7715
Fax: (608)267-0498
E-mail: rodenj@dnr.state.wi.us
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxics Reduced:
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$80,000
$4,210
10/01/98-09/30/01
Superior, Michigan
312 Ibs mercury
Mercury
Substance
Removal/Reduction
Summary: The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources removed 416 mercury containing
manometers from dairy farms, 371 manometers from operating farms and several from farms that were no
longer milking cows, for a total collection of 312 pounds of mercury.
The State of Wisconsin has approximately 20,000 operating dairy farms that milk cows two or three times
each day. Each of these farms has a device, called a manometer, to accurately measure the negative
pressure in their milking system. Manometers contain elemental mercury. The goal of this project was to
remove the mercury manometers from milking systems and replace them with non-mercury gauges (digital
read out, etc.), as part of the long-term strategy to replace mercury devices with a suitable non-mercury
device when available. The challenge of this project was to provide a satisfactory incentive and then
convince the dairy farmer to give up a device with an established satisfactory performance record.
Environmental Results/Products: The success of the project was due to the formation of partnerships
with other state agencies and the private business sector that have more credibility with the farmer than a
regulatory agency. Their cooperation was vital to convince the dairy farmer that the mercury manometer
on their milking system could be replaced by an accurate and reliable non-mercury vacuum gauge.
A professor from the University of Wisconsin (UW) professor in the College of Agriculture, who is an
expert on milking equipment and conducts experiments, promoted the program by evaluating suitable
replacement gauges, setting up a meeting with dairy equipment service providers and using a mercury
manometer from the milking lab to experiment with handling techniques.
Farmers often request advice from county agricultural agents. Knowing this, the UW Extension
agriculture agents serving in each county were solicited for help with this program. Background
information and a supply of program brochures to answer questions and publicize the project were
provided to the agents.
The Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection (DATCP) have inspectors that
check the sanitation on each dairy farm twice a year. This department was solicited for their help by
leaving a brochure explaining the program on each farm where they noticed a mercury manometer.
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Appendix A
Vendors agreed to provide the alternative manometers at a minimized equipment and installation cost.
Based on the services provided by the equipment vendor, the dairy farmers were required to pay a minimal
cost to replace their manometer.
The outcome of this project was 416 manometers were removed from dairy farms, 371 were removed from
operating farms and the rest were removed from farms that are no longer milking cows. These
manometers contained 312 pounds of mercury.
Project Partners:
University of Wisconsin-College of Agriculture
The Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection
UW Extension
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Appendix A
Title: HEALTH HAZARD OF RITUAL USE OF MERCURY
(FY98-GL985933-01)
Organization: Illinois Department of Public Health
GL985933-01.pdf
Contact:
Tayseer Rehan
Illinois Department of Public Health
535 West Jefferson St.
Springfield Illinois 62761-0001
Telephone: (217) 782-4283
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$21,006
$12,162
10/01/98-09/30/00
Michigan
Mercury
Education/Outreach/Research
Summary: The Illinois Department of Public Health undertook to identified ritual uses of mercury in the
Chicago area, mercury levels in residential air as a result of ritual mercury use, which uses of mercury
results in greatest exposures, and wether the ritual use of mercury is a public health hazard.
To determine health hazards associated with the different ritual uses, a study was designed that included
recruiting individuals who use mercury for ritual purposes, sampling homes where mercury was used,
administering household and exposure questionnaires, and sampling individuals for biomarkers of mercury
exposure.
The ritual use of mercury has occurred in some Hispanic communities for many years. It is commonly
encountered in certain religious rituals of Esperitismo, a spiritual belief system native to Puerto Rico and
Santeria, a Cuban-based religion. Promoters of mercury use claim that because mercury "flows smoothly"
it provides good luck and, as a result of its slippery nature, prevents evil from sticking to the person.
Individuals are frequently instructed to carry mercury in a pouch, purse, or amulet to benefit from its
perceived powers. The following ritual uses of mercury were discovered during a literature search:
Sprinkled around baby cribs or beds
Worn in amulets around a person's neck
Carried in a purse or pouch
Sprinkled in automobiles
Burned in or on top of candles
Added in cleaning solutions to cleanse dwellings
Added to bath water
Ingested (by infants)
Added to perfume
Added to folk medicines
Added to open containers of wine or oil
Added to cream lotion and rubbed into skin
Environmental Results/Products: .
Two focus groups with Hispanic community members where held in 1999 to discuss the ritual uses of
mercury in the Hispanic communities. The focus group was attended by 28 individuals (1 male and 27
females). The ages of the participants ranged from 27 to 56 years old. Project staff identified that the
reason why botanicas are so popular in these communities is because they are inexpensive (compared to
traditional medical treatment) and accessible to the communities. The local clinics are not as accessible
and are thought to be insensitive to the community needs. Botanica owners were viewed as more
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approachable and sensitive to Hispanic culture and beliefs. Participants also indicated that botanicas
promise fast results from treatments and owners speak their language (Spanish)
In 1997, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) conducted a survey in 16 botanicas in Hispanic
communities in the Chicago area including: in the Lower West side, Logan Square, Humboldt Park, West
Town, Near West Side, South Lawndale. All 16 botanicas sold mercury in plastic capsules that had
average weights of 14.16 grams of mercury. Due to the language barrier that existed, employees from
Illinois Department of Hispanic Community Affairs (DHCA) agreed to administer questionnaires to
occupants of the study residential units.
The questionnaires were administered to approximately 724 individuals between November 1998 and
March 1999. Fourteen (14) women admitted to using mercury for ritual purposes, but refused to
participate in any further study. The primary reason these women refused was, "they didn't want their
husbands finding out they were using it."
Air sampling for airborne metallic mercury was planned for each residential unit recruited for the study.
Carbon dioxide sampling was also planned for the purpose of calculating an air exchange rate. At the time
of the air sampling, a representative from DCHA was scheduled to administer a household questionnaire to
obtain specific information about the ritual use of mercury including amounts used, frequency, purpose of
use, and locations. In addition, to the air sampling, the study design included the collection of biological
samples (urine) from each occupant in the household.
The project proposal anticipated that 20 - 25 residential units would be sampled. Out of the 724
individuals contacted, seven women were interested in having their homes sampled after they were
informed about the potential health effects associated with mercury exposure. Ultimately the homes were
not sampled because consent was required from all occupants and there were problems associated with not
keeping all family members informed.
Later in the study, Chicago Department of Public Health lead inspectors, who are required to enter homes
and conduct housing inspections for lead when an elevated blood lead level is reported for a child less than
six years of age, were asked to review the mercury questionnaire during their inspections between
February 1999 and May 2001. None of the respondents to the questionnaire admitted to using mercury for
ritual purposes.
Informational brochures about the dangers of mercury were distributed to the homes visited. Residents
provided direct feedback on the education materials developed for the study. The fact sheet and pamphlets
that were distributed for review and the residents in the control homes informed personnel from DHCA
that all the information was important and in a format that was concise and easy to read.
Future studies should include public service announcements and a monetary incentive for participants
should be considered. Monetary incentives are routinely offered by DCHA personnel for other programs
in Chicago. A strategy needs to be developed to involve local church organizations because they have
such a great influence in the communities. Focus groups should be organized to discuss recruitment with
the key individuals from these local churches. In addition, the local citizens from Hispanic communities
should be hired to assist with recruitment. These individuals would be viewed as more trustworthy to
other local residents.
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Appendix A
Project Partners:
Department of Hispanic Community Affairs
The School of Public Health at the University of Illinois at Chicago
The Chicago Department of Public Health
Products:
Mercury informational brochures
Resident Survey
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Appendix A
Title: AUTOMOTIVE MERCURY SWITCH COLLECTION RECYCLING PROJECT
(FY98-GL985951-01)
GL985951-01.pdf
Organization: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
Contact:
Thomas A. Corbett
Division of Pollution Prevention
New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation
50 Wolf Road 626
Albany, NY 12233-5022
Telephone: 716/851-7255
Fax: 716/851-7226
Email: tacorbet@gw.dec.state.ny.us
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxics Reduced:
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$55,000
$5,000
10/01/98-9/30/00
Lake Erie
10.5 Ibs mercury*
Mercury
Substance Removal/Reduction
Summary: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYDEC), Division of Pollution
Prevention conducted a pilot project to collect and recycle mercury switches from the hoods and trunks of
automobiles. The goal of the project was to prevent mercury releases to the Great Lakes Basin from
crushing and shredding operations at scrap and salvage yards. The automotive mercury switches (AMS)
were voluntarily removed and collected from vehicles by scrap and salvage yards through participation at
household hazardous waste collections and as a voluntary service provided by auto dealerships. NYDEC
collected more than 5,000 automotive mercury switches from end-of-life vehicles at nearly 35 Automotive
Recycling Yards. At 1 gram of mercury per switch, this equates to nearly 10.5 Ibs of mercury collected.
The mercury collected from the AMS end-of-life vehicles was sent to Mercury Waste Solutions for
refining.
Environmental Results/Products: NYDEC developed a model AMS Replacement/Recycling program
for on-the-road vehicles for use by automotive service establishments, used car dealerships,
federal/state/local government fleets, and commercial fleets within the state of New York. *NYDEC also
established an effective collection/recycling network for the continued removal of AMS from Automotive
Recycling Yards. County governments (Erie and Monroe) continue to collect, store, and recycle AMS
from the yards that participated in this pilot project.
Successful AMS replacement programs were implemented with one used car dealership, 30 automotive
service establishments, two Regional NYSDEC office fleets, one county (Erie) fleet, and one commercial
fleet (Chemical Waste Management). Replacement switches were also used at several demonstration
events and nearly 300 AMS were collected from public participants. Twenty-five hundred (2,500)
ball-bearing replacement switches have been distributed in these programs, resulting in the eventual
collection and recycling of nearly 5.5 pounds of mercury from these switches. County governments (Erie
and Monroe) will continue to collect, store, and recycle AMS from the established replacement programs.
NYSDEC provided direct technical assistance over a two-day period to the State of Connecticut by
training their staff, local government fleet supervisors, and a used car dealership on the subjects of AMS
switch identification, removal, and replacement for on-the road vehicles. A meeting with the Automotive
Recyclers Association of Connecticut also produced a cooperative effort to begin collection and recycling
of AMS in end-of life vehicles. This effort demonstrates that an effective AMS collection/replacement
program is easy to duplicate, given the information, tools, and logistical support developed under the grant.
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A list of 430 Automotive Recycling Yards in New York State were made aware of the need to remove
AMS from end-of-life vehicles through distribution of the document "Getting Mercury Out of Cars." The
document was drafted as a collaborative effort between NYSDEC and the Alliance of Automotive
Manufacturers. In addition, NYSDEC assisted other states, including Connecticut and Wisconsin, with the
distribution of the publication to yard owners under new programs for end-of-life vehicles that use the
models developed by New York, Michigan, and Minnesota.
Convincing automotive recycling yard owners to collect AMS from end-of-life vehicles was not
universally successful, even though a no-cost option for the transportation and recycling of the switches
they collected was offered. There were shortcomings in the infrastructure to conduct recycling of AMS
from automotive recycling yards and from switch replacement programs. It was also difficult to elicit
public interest and participation in voluntary AMS replacement programs for on-the-road vehicles. Even
news releases, radio announcements, and large poster displays at participating auto maintenance shops did
not significantly increase public interest.
The NYDEC collected more than 5,000 automotive mercury switches from end-of-life vehicles at nearly
35 Automotive Recycling Yards. At 1 gram of mercury per switch, this equates to nearly 10.5 Ibs of
mercury collected. The mercury collected from the AMS end-of-life vehicles was sent to Mercury Waste
Solutions for refining.
Project Partners:
Niagara Frontier Automotive Dismantler Association
Mercury refining Company
Mercury Waste Solutions Inc.
Monroe Muffler Shops
Mr. Oil Change
Valvoline Instant Oil Change
State of Connecticut
Automotive Recyclers Association of Connecticut
Alliance of Automotive Manufacturers
Products:
Model AMS Replacement/Recycling program for on-the-road vehicles
http://www.dec.state.ny.us/website/ppu/p2autosw.html
Getting Mercury Out of Cars- Fact sheet
http://www.epa.gov/ARD-R5/mercury/autoswitch.htm
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Appendix A
Title: MERCURY EMISSION BANK PILOT PROJECT
(FY98-GL-985964-01-0)
Organization: The Center for Clean Air Policy
Contact:
Stacey E. Davis
The Center for Clean Air Policy
750 First St, NE, Suite 1140
Washington, D.C. 20002
Telephone: (202) 408-9260
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$50,000
$110,000
10/01/98-9/30/99
Superior, Michigan
Mercury
Substance Removal/Reduction
Summary: The Center for Clean Air Policy (Center) developed a model mercury emissions banking
program, designed to encourage early reductions in mercury emissions and to provide early benefits to the
Great Lakes basin ecosystem. The Center consulted with stakeholders in Minnesota on the need to
standardize measurement, monitoring and reporting protocols for mercury emissions, encouraged
consideration of regional measurement and reporting standards, and initiating a project to demonstrate the
viability of measuring and verifying reductions in mercury emissions. The Center also supported the
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources proposed a cap-trade-and-bank program.
Environmental Results/Products: The Center staff worked with the stakeholders on Minnesota's
Mercury Contamination Reduction Initiative Advisory Council (AC) to develop a program that would
reduce mercury emissions in the state in a cost effective manner and includes emissions banking as a way
to encourage voluntary, early reduction.
The Center educated stakeholders on the topics of emissions banking and other incentives, encouraged the
use of efficiency and effectiveness as primary criteria for evaluating policy options, introduced information
on viable mercury control options for the utility sector, and advocated for a shorter and more productive
decision-making process.
The Center worked with Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO) to verify reductions in
mercury emissions resulting from their Biomass Initiative, which involved replacing a portion of their coal
with biomass and petroleum coke, in order to demonstrate the viability of banking mercury emissions
reductions. In the absence of standardized rules for how to register early reductions in mercury emissions,
the Center worked with NIPSCO, in consultation with the Indiana Department of Environmental
Protection (IDEM) to develop a good estimate of the reductions from their program.
The Center supported Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) proposed a cap-trade and
bank program as a way to reduce mercury emissions in advance of any future federal requirements and at a
lower cost than more traditional regulatory programs. The Center provided recommendations on how their
proposed cap-trade and bank program could be improved in order to account for equity issues, ensure the
desired effectiveness, encourage reductions in multiple pollutants simultaneously, and enable participants
to consider the economic impact of proposed trading restrictions.
The Center promoted emissions banking and other market-based policy options at the regional level in the
upper Midwest, New England, and Canada. They introduced the idea of mercury emissions banking along
with a variety of other voluntary and mandatory incentive programs at the November 1998 Great Lakes
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Binational Toxics Strategy (GLBTS) mini-conference on Mercury and Utilities. The Center presented the
mercury emission reduction measurement methods at the Mercury in the Environment Specialty
Conference hosted by the Air & Waste Management Association in September 1999.
The following are some of the Center's work products:
Draft policy options and strategies authored by the Center for Clean Air Policy for publication in
the forthcoming Surfers report;
Air and Waste Management Association's Mercury in the Environment Specialty Conference
paper entitled Verifying Mercury Reductions from Co-Firing with Biomass.
Comments on the Electric Utility Steam Generating Unit Mercury Emissions Information
Collection Effort
Project Partners:
Minnesota's Mercury Contamination Reduction Initiative Advisory Council
Northern Indiana Public Service Company (NIPSCO)
Indiana Department of Environmental Management
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Products:
Model Mercury Emissions Bank
http://www.epa.gov/air/mercuryrule/factsheetsup.pdf
Mercury Emission Reduction Measurement Methods
Verifying Mercury Reductions from Co-Firing with Biomass
http: //www .ccap. org/pdf/hgverification .pdf
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Appendix A
Title: EMISSION OF MERCURY FROM CHLOR-ALKALI PLANTS
(FY 98-GL995136-01)
Organization: The University of Michigan
Contact: Project Statistics:
Jerome Nriagu Award Amount: $100,000
The University of Michigan Dollars Leveraged: $7271
3003 S State, Room 1006 Project Timetable: 12/01/98-11/30/01
Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1274 Toxic Stressors: Mercury
Telelephone: (734)764-7237 Project Type: Substance Removal/Reduction
Summary: The mercury-cell chlor-alkali (MCCA) industry in the U.S. requires about 160 tons of
replacement mercury per year. Nobody currently knows the environmental fate of mercury. If most of the
missing mercury were lost in the atmosphere, the MCCA would become the leading source of mercury in
the country and the Great Lakes Basin.
The objectives of this project were to:
Ascertain how and where mercury is lost from MCCA plants.
The forms and fate of mercury from this industrial sector.
The focus was to develop a measurement scheme to quantify both direct and indirect atmospheric losses of
mercury during routine chlor-alkali operations, and apply this scheme to an operating plant. Airborne
losses were measured from individual cells, as well as the cell building, from locally stored waste deposits
and estimated from the overall chlor-alkali plant itself.
Environmental Results/Products:
Measurements were performed over a period of time sufficient to capture the mercury emission signals
from both routine and non-routine operations. The measurement approach involved a combination of
methods including multipoint continuous airborne measurements within the cell rooms, spot measurements
near individual cells, point source measurements, and direct flux measurements over waste deposits.
A typical MCCA factory contains 24 to more than 100 cells, which together hold 100 to more than 500
tons of mercury. The cells are located either in a closed building or carport type structure which are
heavily ventilated to minimize the risk to workers.
The study conducted the following processes:
Measure Mercury concentrations in gas stream being vented outside from the cell room as well as
the ventilation rate.
Real time monitoring of ambient mercury levels in various parts of the cell room to map out of the
"hot-spots." Mercury concentrations were also determined as a function of distance outside the
cell room.
Flux chamber measurements of Mercury release from factory floors where a significant amount of
mercury is handled.
Flux chamber measurements of Mercury release over water covering mercury in a cell under
different temperature conditions and as a function of time.
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Flux chamber measurements over retention ponds, landfills and waste handling facilities.
Collected samples of water; wastewater and solid wastes at points of flux chamber measurements
and analyzed them for total Mercury, elemental Mercury and reactive Mercury.
Obtained samples of the cell lid and rubber linings for laboratory testing of their capacity to absorb
and release mercury.
Samples were collected at the plant during the summer and winter. In addition, sampling was performed
intermittently during the year at selected plant interior locations. Because of the potential importance of
passive emissions of Mercury vapor from contaminated soils and wastes near the plant, direct sampling of
fluxes over soil surfaces near the plant buildings and at known sites of waste storage were collected.
The estimates of overall Mercury losses based on a mass balance of material flows, sources and sinks,
measured Mercury levels in and measurements of air flows and exchange rates to calculate Mercury fluxes.
Similar measurements were made outside of the plant, both immediately adjacent to major points of air
emissions, as well as in a selected region downwind.
These data were used with general and specific flow and wind data to calculate local and area-wide fluxes.
Project Partners:
Chlorine Institute
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
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Appendix A
Title: DEFUSING THE CHLOR-ALKALI MERCURY TIME BOMB
(FY99-GL99154-01)
Organization: Institute of European Environmental Policy
Contact: Project Statistics:
Institute of European Environmental Award Amount: $45,000
Policy Dollars Leveraged $5,000
52 Horseferry Road Project Timetable: 04/01/99 - 09/30/02
London, England Toxic Stressors: Mercury
Project Type: Substance Removal/Reduction
Summary: This project undertook to study the environmental and economic impacts of mercury
stockpiles associated with decommissioned chlor-alkali facilities in Western Europe. At the time this
study was conducted, more than 60 factories in Western Europe hold 12,000 to 14,000 tons of mercury.
When factories close, their mercury stocks have traditionally been sold to commodity dealers.
Environmental Results/Products: This project contributed to two reports. In September 2000, Institute
of European Environmental Policy (IEEP) authored Decommissioning Chlor-alkali facilities in Western
Europe: Mercury Options. In addition, IEEP provided the United Nations Environmental Program
(UNEP), which after the onset of this grant undertook a technical review of mercury environmental issues.
The grantee was able to provide salient information regarding the chlor-alkali industry to the UNEP
review. The UNEP report became a useful forum by which chlor-alkali issues could be brought to the
attention of environmental policymakers. This assessment report was forwarded to the UNEP Governing
Council for its meeting during February 2003. This contributed to increased understanding worldwide of
major issues related to mercury, thereby facilitating discussion and actions.
The IEEP project collaborated with the European chlor-alkali industry association, located in Brussels,
obtaining information on its procedures for management of mercury and methods for measuring mercury
vapor emissions. IEEP also shared information on the chlor-alkali industry with the United Nations
Environmental Program mercury review. This in turn helped elicit information on the industry from other
nations, including India.
With regard to mercury consumption in the chlor-alkalai industry, the Indian association has reduced
mercury losses by about 40 percent during the past three years; the U.S. industry has reduced losses by 80
percent during the past six years; and European factories have made progress, though the extent of
progress has not been comparably reported. This is contextual progress by the industry during recent
years. It cannot be attributed to the efforts of IEEP, but rather to voluntary actions by factories.
Nevertheless, lEEP's project contributed valuably to bolstering world understanding of chlor-alkali
mercury issues.
Project Partners:
EuroChlor (the association of European chlor-alkali producers)
United Nations Environmental Program
European Commission
Products:
Decommissioning Chlor-alkali facilities in Western Europe: Mercury Options.
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Appendix A
Title: MERCURY REMOVAL FROM THE DENTAL-UNIT WASTEWATER SYSTEM
(DW-17947929-01-0)
Organization: Naval Institute for Dental and Biomedical Research
Contact: Project Statistics:
Mark Stone Award Amount: $130,000
Department of Bioenvironmental Sciences Project Timetable: 09/01/99 - 09/30/03
Naval Institute for Dental & Biomedical Research Toxic Stressors: Mercury
Building 1-H Project Type: Education and
31OA B Street Outreach,
Great Lakes, IL 60088 Characterization &
Telephone: 847/688-1900 Ext. 83619 Evaluation
Email: mark. stone@ndri .med.navy .mil
Summary:
The Great Lakes Naval Institute conducted research to evaluate and characterize mercury in dental-unit
waste water, and education and outreach to dentists on mercury reduction practices.
Environmental Results/Products:
Speciation studies on dental unit waste water identified different forms of mercury present in dental-unit
waste water. This data helped design a dental amalgam separator that can remove particulate bound
mercury as well as dissolved mercury species. These characterization studies were the first to demonstrate
the presence of organic mercury in this waste stream.
Residual mercury in amalgam capsules was also characterized and found to be a substantial source of
mercury (up to 29.5 mg Mercury per capsule). Based on this finding, it is recommended that used
amalgam capsules be recycled or sent to hazardous waste landfills. The disposal of municipal solid waste
facilities may result in incineration of the capsules which could result in volatilization to the atmosphere of
the residual mercury.
Outreach included the design and publication of a web site that presents commercially available amalgam
separator technologies, publications on separators, wastewater characterization, EPA methods, links to
environmental web sites, speakers' bureau information, course work and dental amalgam best management
practices.
Twenty-three presentations were made to dentists, dental staff members, researchers and the general public
about the removal of mercury from dental amalgam. A booth was set up at dental society meetings to
distribute information on the environmental aspects of the dental practice and amalgam separators to
prevent mercury from entering the wastewater.
Project Partners:
U.S. Air Force Dental Investigation Service
Products:
Dental Mercury www.dentalmercury.com
Amalgam Recycling www.amalgamrecycling.com
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Mark E Stone. 2004. "The Effect of Amalgam Separators on Mercury Loading to Wastewater Treatment
Plants." Journal of the California Dental Association, 32, 7, pp. 593 - 600.
Mark E Stone, Mark E Cohen, Lian Liang, Patrick Pang. 2003. "Determination of Methyl Mercury in
Dental-Unit Wastewater." Dental Materials, 19, 7, pp. 677-681.
Ernest D Pederson, Mark E Stone, James C Ragain, John W Simecek. March - April, 2002. Waterline
Biofilm and the Dental Treatment Facility: A Review. General Dentistry, 50, 2, pp. 190-195.
Mark E Stone, Ernest D Pederson, Mark E Cohen, James C Ragain, Ronald S Karaway, Richard A Auxer,
Abel R Saluta. 2002. "Residual Mercury Content and Leaching of Mercury and Silver From Used
Amalgam Capsules." Dental Materials Volume 18 (4) pp 289 - 294.
Mark E Stone, Ernest D Pederson, Mark E Cohen, James C Ragain, Jr., CAPT, DC, USN, Gordon K
Jones, CAPT, DC, USN, Ronald S Karaway, John W Simecek, Kim E Diefenderfer, CDR, DC, USN,
Howard Roberts, Lt. Col, DC, USAF. "Solid Waste Disposal Issues and Dental Amalgam." Scientific
Review of Issues Impacting Dentistry, 2, 2. December 2000 (Navy Dental Corps Electronic Publication).
Mark E Stone, Ernest D Pederson, Gordon K Jones, James C Ragain, Ronald S Karaway, Richard A
Auxer, and Sidney L Davis. Proceedings of a Specialty Conference: Mercury in the Environment.
"Mercury Removal from the Dental-Unit Wastewater Stream." Air and Waste Management Association in
Association with U.S. EPA. September 15-17th, 1999, Minneapolis, MN. PP. 413-424. VIP-91. ISBN:
0-923204-28-8
Ernest D Pederson, Mark E Stone, James C Ragain, and J Robert Kelly. "Biofilms in Dental-Unit
Waterlines." Scientific Review of Issues Impacting Dentistry, I, I. December 1999. (Naval Dental Corp
Electronic Publication)
Ernest D Pederson, Mark E Stone, and Victor G Ovsey. 1999. Mercury Removal from Dental Operatory
Waste Water by Polymer Treatment. Environmental Health Perspective, 107, 1.
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Appendix A
Title: MICHIGAN MERCURY MANOMETER DISPOSAL
(FY99-GL995659-01)
Organization: Michigan Department of Agriculture
Contact: Project Statistics:
Jack Knorek Award Amount: $40,000
Environmental Stewardship Division Dollars Leveraged: $127,000
Michigan Department of Agriculture Proj ect Timetable: 10/01/99-09/3 0/00
PO Box 30017 Lake Basin(s): Michigan
Lansing, Michigan Toxics Reduced: 86 Ibs mercury
Telephone: (517)335-2874 Toxic Stressors: Mercury
Fax: (517)335-3329 Project Type: Manometer/gauges Clean Sweep
E-mail: knorek@state.mi.us
Summary: The Michigan Department of Agriculture developed a program to replace mercury manometer
gauges used on dairy farms with non-mercury gauges. This helps reduce potential for spilling mercury
into the environment. Mercury gauges will also be collected from active and inactive dairy farms for
proper disposal. This work will be done at little or no cost to the farmer.
Environmental Results/Products: Dairy producers that participated in the program were paid up to $250
towards replacing the mercury manometers on each dairy farm. Eighty-six dairy farms participated in the
statewide program. Most dairy producers chose to replace their mercury manometers, which contain
approximately 1 pound of mercury each, with electronic digital vacuum gauges, the rest opting to use
glycerin-filled vacuum gauges.
Project Partners:
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
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Title: MICHIGAN CLEAN SWEEP
(FY99-GL005667-01)
Organization: Michigan Department of Agriculture
Contact:
Jack Knorek
Michigan Department of Agriculture
PO Box 30017
Lansing MI 48909
Telephone: (517)335-2874
Fax: (517)335-3329
E-mail: knorek@state.mi.us
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxics Reduced:
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$40,000
$127,000
10/01/99-09/30/00
Michigan, Superior, Huron, and Erie
96,000 Ibs. pesticides
Pesticides
Pesticide Clean Sweep
Summary:
The Michigan Department of Agriculture collected more than 96,000 pounds of pesticides from twelve
permanent sites in operation in the State of Michigan. The Clean Sweep program collects pesticides from
end users in order to prevent illegal disposal or use of the toxic pesticide in question. Michigan has an
established Clean Sweep program which includes twelve permanent Clean Sweep storage facilities that
allow end users (homeowners, farmers, golf courses, etc.) to drop of pesticides to a regional storage
facility. The pesticides are then collected, packaged for shipping, and disposed of properly and safely.
There is no charge for this service to residents.
Pesticide dealers and individuals who sell and/or apply pesticides for hire may also, at the Clean Sweep
site manager's discretion, dispose of unused or unwanted pesticides at cost. This cost is typically less than
20 percent of the normal cost of pesticide waste disposal because of economies of scale and competitive
bidding of waste disposal accounts.
Environmental Results/Products: Education and outreach as conducted to the communities serviced by
each Clean Sweep site. Using the permanent Michigan Clean Sweep facilities and site coordinator
resources, MDA maintained an ongoing program to collect pesticides from end-users at no charge.
Commercial pesticide applicators were able to participate in the program, but were responsible for
covering the cost of chemical disposal, which is well below the normal cost for contracting disposal
independently.
This program collected more than 96,000 pounds of pesticides from twelve permanent sites in operation at
the time in Michigan.
Project Partners:
Michigan County Health Department
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Michigan Farm Bureau
Michigan State University-Extension
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Appendix A
Title: MERCURY EDUCATION PROGRAM FOR SCHOOLS
(FY 99-GL005 702-01)
Organization: Board of Reagents of the University of Wisconsin
Contact: Project Statistics:
Steven Brachman Award Amount: $40,000
U of W Extension Dollars Leveraged: $3,023
Solid and Hazardous Waste Education Project Timetable: 10/01/99-09/30/01
Center (SHWEC) Lake Basin(s): Michigan
750 University Avenue Toxics Reduced: 520 pounds mercury
Madison, WI53706 Toxic Stressors: Mercury
Telephone: (414)227-3160 Project Type: Education/Outreach in Schools
Email: brachman@uwm.edu
Summary:
The University of Wisconsin Extension Solid and Hazardous Waste Education Center (SHWEC) worked
with schools in seventeen Wisconsin communities to: 1) reduce mercury use, 2) promote mercury
recycling, and 3) reduce mercury spills in schools. Mercury is found in schools mainly in the science
labs, but also in common items like fluorescent light, thermostats, and thermometers. A set of teaching
activities were developed for teachers in order to educate the students about mercury.
Environmental Results/Products:
(SHWEC) developed a 2-3 hour workshop to help train teachers about mercury and remove mercury from
their schools. The Mercury in Schools project recruited teachers, science coordinators, and key people
from state departments of public instruction, and state environmental personnel, to attend these workshops.
SHWEC staff conducted workshops in Detroit, Michigan; Chicago, Illinois; Milwaukee, Wisconsin;
Indianapolis, Indiana; and Duluth, Minnesota. A total of 254 teachers participated in the training program.
SHWEC staff presented and overview of this project at the US-Canada Great Lakes Binational Toxics
Strategy meeting in Toronto on May 17, 2001.
A clearinghouse of information, documents and programs relating to reducing mercury usage and
increasing Mercury recycling in schools was established and maintained and available for use by
individuals basin-wide. This clearinghouse is accessible from the web site that was also developed
through this program. A Mercury in Schools listserv was established to allow project and others easily
exchange information and ideas on eliminating mercury from schools.
Project Partners:
Mercury in Schools Elimination Program Leaders in:
Detroit, Michigan
Chicago, Illinois
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Indianapolis, Indiana
Duluth, Minnesota
Products:
Mercury - Teacher Activities
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Appendix A
http://www.mercuryinschools.uwex.edu/tools/index.htm
Mercury In Schools Clearinghouse
www.mercuryinschools.org
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Appendix A
Title: LOCAL AND SECTOR-BASED POLLUTION PREVENTION IN THE BTS
(FY99-GL005831-01)
Organization: National Wildlife Federation
Contact: Project Statistics:
Andy Buchsbaum Award Amount: $75,000
National Wildlife Federation Dollars Leveraged: $3,023
506 E Liberty Street Project Timetable: 10/01/99-09/30/01
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-2210 Lake Basin(s): Huron, Michigan
Telephone: (734)769-3351 Toxics Reduced: 520 pounds mercury
Fax: (734) 769-1449 Toxic Stressors: Mercury
Email: Project Type: Education/Outreach in Schools
Summary:
The National Wildlife Federation (NWF) continued to promote mercury reduction practices in support of
the Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy (GLBTS) in:
1) the health care sector
2) consumer products
3) by advocating Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs) to mercury air emissions.
Environmental Results/Products:
NWF obtained significant mercury reductions and pledges for further mercury reductions in the
health care industry and in mercury products, and gained commitments for voluntary pollution
prevention from many sectors through use of the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) process.
NWF participated extensively in setting the agendas of and in the meetings of the GLBTS
Integration Group and the Mercury Group, and promoted participation to other organizations and
individuals involved with the GLBTS.
NWF conducted a mailing to the CEO's of more than 180 members of the Michigan Health & Hospital
Association, explaining the importance of eliminating the use and release of mercury and dioxin from
health care facilities. The January/February 2001 issue of Michigan Heal & Hospitals Magazine featured
an article highlighting the MHA's Hospitals for a Healthy Environment task force and it's support of
mercury thermometer exchanges, and elimination of toxics, including mercury.
NWF, with the Health Care Without Harm coalition, initiated the Mercury Free Medicine campaign.
Forty-four (44) hospitals and 100 health care clinics in Michigan signed the Mercury Free Medicine
Pledge presented by the MHA.
NWF worked with community organizations in Detroit to gain a commitment from the Henry Ford
Healthcare System to close the incinerator on its main campus in central Detroit. The incinerator was shut
down in June 2001.
NWF played a supporting role in facilitating new mercury initiatives including municipal bans on mercury
products, voluntary clean sweeps and mercury thermometer collection programs. NWF continued to work
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with state agencies, including Ohio EPA and Minnesota Pollution Control Agency to draft TMDLs for
mercury air emissions.
Project Partners:
Michigan Health & Hospital Association (MHA)
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Products:
MHA's Hospitals for a Healthy Environment Task Force Article
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Appendix A
Title: MERCURY POLLUTION PREVENTION IN HEALTHCARE INITIATIVE
(FY99-GL00583801-0)
Organization: County of Erie-Department of Environment and Planning
Contact: Project Statistics:
Michael Raab Award Amount: $70,000
Erie County Dollars Leveraged: $25,200
Department of Environment and Planning Project Timetable: 10/01/99-09/30/01
95 Franklin St., Room 1077 Lake Area Affected: Erie
Buffalo NY 14202 Toxics Reduced: 369 Ibs mercury
Telephone: (716)858-6231 4436 mercury thermometers
Toxic Stressors: Mercury
Project Type: Substance Removal/Reduction
Education/Outreach
Summary: Erie County Department of Environment and Planning conducted hospital surveys/audits with
the objective to eliminate the use of mercury-containing products in healthcare facilities and replace them
with suitable mercury-free alternatives. The principle objectives of this project were to: 1) implement
in-house mercury awareness and education campaigns, 2) identify and quantify current use of mercury in
each hospital, 3) identify and quantify mercury product storage, 4) promote mercury-free purchasing
policies, and 5) identify opportunities for solid waste reduction.
Environmental Results/Products: The Erie County Program Manager met with representatives from
Erie County Medical Center (county facility), Buffalo General Hospital (Kaleida Health System), and St.
Joseph Hospital (Catholic Health System). The Program Manager extended the program to include a
Visiting Nurses Association for mercury pollution prevention efforts.
Following the completion of facility surveys, the Program Manager and staff from the Erie County Office
of Solid Waste scheduled two-day pollution prevention and solid waste management audits of each
hospital. The audits included mercury use and storage; current waste handling practices; polyvinyl
chloride use; recycling practices; and waste reduction. Follow-up reports, specific to pollution prevention
and solid waste management were prepared for each hospital. Each report summarized major findings
from the audits, proposed recommendations and best management practices and contained supporting
documentation.
The pollution prevention and solid waste reduction accomplishments realized by the hospitals participating
in the pilot study included:
eliminating use and distribution of mercury fever thermometers by the hospital,
eliminating use of tungsten-weighted feeding tubes,
continuous phase out of mercury sphygmomanometers,
implementing dental amalgam recycling,
implementing lead foil recycling, and,
implementing in-house programs to increase solid waste recycling participation
The hospital staff continued to work with Erie County DEP to investigate reuse opportunities for products
such as unused durable equipment, surgical supplies, and surgical packaging.
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Appendix A
As noted previously, a local chapter Visiting Nurses Association (VNA) was included in the program. The
baseline surveys that identified mercury use and storage in healthcare facilities indicated a substantial
number of thermometers were used by the VNA, which is an affiliate of Kaleida Health Systems. At the
time, the VNA provided home care patients with mercury thermometers. The Program Manager provided
the VNA with samples of mercury-free thermometers, which they found to be a cost-effective and suitable
alternative. The VNA now offers patients mercury-free thermometers as well as information on proper
disposal of mercury-containing products. Through participation in the program, the VNA eliminated their
existing stock of mercury thermometers, totaling 1,687 as well as future purchases.
The following resulted from this project:
A total of 679 thermometers from project partner hospital employees' households were exchanged
for mercury-free thermometers,
270 mercury thermometers were collected at exchanges at other Erie County, New York area
hospitals,
Overall, 1800 mercury thermometers would no longer be purchased annually by 3 Erie County,
New York area hospitals and the Visiting Nurses Association,
364 Ibs of mercury were no longer used through sphygmomanometer replacements by 3 Erie
County, New York area hospitals.
931 mercury-weighted feeding tubes would no longer be purchased by 3 Erie County, New York
area hospitals.
5 Ibs of mercury amalgam are recycled per year by 3 Erie County, New York area hospitals.
Project Partners:
Buffalo Sewer Authority
Western New York Healthcare Association
Erie County Medical Center (county facility)
Buffalo General Hospital (Kaleida Health System)
St. Joseph Hospital (Catholic Health System)
Visiting Nurses Association
Healthcare Without Harm
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Appendix A
Title: CLEAN PRODUCTION PROJECT FOR BASIN COMMUNITIES
(FY99-GL975034-01-0)
Organization: Great Lakes United
Contact: Project Statistics:
Margaret Wooster Award Amount: $125,000
Great Lakes United Dollars Leveraged: $6,579
Buffalo State College Project Timetable: 10/01/99 - 09/30/02
1300 Elmwood Avenue Toxics Reduced: 5000 mercury auto switches
Buffalo NY, 14222 Toxic Stressors: Mercury, Dioxin
Telephone: (716)886-0142 Project Type: Education/Outreach
E-mail: wooster@glu.org
Summary: Great Lakes United (GLU) worked with coalition members to support and develop a Great
Lakes regional Clean Car Campaign, and promote dioxin and mercury reduction from medical facilities.
Environmental Results/Products:
Clean Car Campaign
As evidenced by a Ford Corporate Citizen report published in August 2001, the report Great Lakes
United's Toxics in Vehicles: Mercury provided encouragement to the big three automakers; Ford Motor
Company, General Motors and Daimler Chrysler commit to eliminating mercury switches from new
models as of the end of 2002.
With the help of the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYDEC), GLU's
membership across the Great Lakes basin and significant media coverage, approximately 5,000 mercury
switches were removed from vehicles on the road. GLU completed six mercury switch-outs with vehicle
fleets in western New York including: City of Buffalo Police Department, Adelphia Cable Company, Erie
County, Lockport Police, Cheektowaga Police and City of Kenmore Police Department. Through GLU
members and partners we completed change outs at dealerships in Detroit, Grand Rapids, Grand Traverse
Bay, and Ann Arbor, Michigan, and Duluth, Minnesota.
GLU, along with the Automotive Recyclers Association, Clean Production Network, Ecology Center,
Environmental Defense, Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries, Steel Manufactures Association, and the
Steel Recycling Institute created a Mercury Partnership to develop effective strategies for eliminating
mercury from vehicles. The Partnership designed a Mercury Action Plan for recovering mercury switches
currently in commerce, as well as a model extended producer responsibility law for mercury switches. An
article from the industry trade journal Scrap, October 2001 cites the achievements of the Partnership.
Extended Producer Responsibility Conference
Great Lakes United organized an Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and Automobiles conference
with presentations from clean production experts from the U.S., Canada and Sweden, including end-of-life
industry representatives addressing the problems of contaminated auto scrap materials and the need to
design out PBT-added parts used in vehicles. More than 100 people from the auto unions, the
environmental community, U.S. and Canadian governments and the auto companies participated in the
workshops held in Windsor, Toronto and Montreal, Canada.
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Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy GLBTS) Integration Group
GLU participated the GLBTS Integration Group to represent the concerns of its membership.
Health Care Without Harm Activities
Tribal Health Care Workshop
Indigenous Environmental Network (IEN) partnered with the Tribal Health Care Association to host a one
day workshop in September 2000 in Duluth, Minnesota. The workshop addressed the toxic impacts of
tribal health care facilities and ways in which they can phase-out practices that release mercury and dioxin
into the environment.
Reducing Waste Volumes and Toxicity and Saving Money Workshop
Citizens Environmental Coalition (CEC) and the City of Buffalo hosted a one day workshop in
conjunction with Strong Memorial Hospital in September 2000 in Rochester, NY to present success stories
of hospitals that have eliminated the use of any substances containing mercury and PVC. The presentation
was based on the Environmentally Safe Hospitals. Reducing Waste Volumes and Toxicitv and Saving
Money resource guide written by CEC.
Canadian Association of Physicians for Environment (CAPE) Annual Meeting
A presentation was given at this conference, held in October 2000, about Health Care Without Harm's
(HCWH) initiatives.
Toronto Environmental Alliance (TEA) Workshop
The workshop was hosted in order to launch the HCWH campaign in Canada. The program was hosted in
September 2000.
Project Partners:
Automotive Recyclers Association
Clean Production Network
Ecology Center
Environmental Defense
Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries
Steel Manufacturers Association
The Steel Recycling Institute
Great Lakes Research Consortium
City of Buffalo Police Department
Adelphia Cable Company
Erie County
City of Lockport Police Department
City of Cheektowaga Police Department
City of Kenmore Police Department
Citizens Environmental Coalition
Canadian Association of Physicians for Environment (CAPE)
Toronto Environmental Alliance (TEA)
Products:
(Article) Scrap, October 2001
Toxics in Vehicles: Mercury (link to electronic document.)
Www.cleancarcampaign.org
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Appendix A
Title: REGIONAL BURN BARREL CAMPAIGN
(FY99-GL975112-01)
Organization: Western Lake Superior Sanitary District
Contact: Project Statistics:
Karen Anderson and Dough Fairchild Award Amount: $75,000
Western Lake Superior Sanitary District Dollars Leveraged: $28,000
2626 Courtland Street Project Timetable: 10/1/99-12/31/01
Duluth, MN 55806-1894 Lake Basin(s): Superior
Telephone: (218) 722-3366 ext 213 Toxic Stressors: Dioxin
Fax: (218)727-7471 Project Type: Education/Outreach
E-mail: www.wlssd.duluth.mn.us Substance Removal/Reduction
Summary: Western Lake Superior Sanitary District (WLSSD) conducted a burn barrel outreach
campaign to educate the public about the hazards surrounding backyard burning and to reduce garbage
burning in the region.
Environmental Results/Products: A committee consisting of 22 members from various governmental
bodies from Wisconsin and Minnesota was formed to set forth objectives for the campaign. WLSSD
staff developed and produced educational and outreach materials for the burn barrel campaign and
distributed to 27 regional advertising agencies, including three fact sheets. Two posters were developed to
provide further awareness about the hazards of burning; 500 copies of each of these posters were printed.
The posters were displayed at eleven rural recycling facilities within the WLSSD. An informational
television segment was developed, which was aired on local television, to introduce the program's mascot
"Burnie the Burn Barrel" and explain the hazards of backyard burning. Other outreach activities included
distributing 50 VHS copies of the TV spot, and articles were written and submitted to townships to publish
in their newsletter in order to reach rural residents with the burn barrel message.
WLSSD attempted to make it easy for burners to dispose of their burn barrels by providing a coupon along
with three burn-barrel fact sheets. The coupon was good for the free drop off of a burn barrel at the
WLSSD Rice Lake Landfill.
Project Partners:
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Products:
Strategy/Implementation Plan for Reducing the Prevalence of Household Garbage Burning (Barrel
Burning) in Rural Areas of the Great Lakes
http://www.c2p2online.com/documents/BurnBarrelStrategy-fmalFeb04f.pdf
3 Burn Barrel Fact Sheets
Bernie the Burn Barrel Brochure (No. 1)
http: //www .c2p2online. com/documents/bernie .pdf
Bernie the Burn Barrel Brochure (No. 2)
http: //www .c2p2online. com/documents/bernie2 .pdf
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Appendix A
Bernie the Burn Barrel Poster
http://www.c2p2online.com/documents/bernieposter.pdf
Video of TV Segment (Burnie the Burn Barrel)
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Appendix A
Title: TOXIC REDUCTIONS THROUGH ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION
AMONG INDUSTRIAL BOILERS (FY 00 -GL97514402-0)
Organization: Delta Institute
Contact: Project Statistics:
Timothy H. Brown Award Amount: $75,000
Delta Institute Dollars Leveraged: $3,947
53 W Jackson Blvd., Suite 1604 Project Timetable: 09/01/99 - 09/30/02
Chicago IL 60604 Lake Basin(s): All
Telephone: (312)554-0900 Toxic Stressors: Mercury, dioxins, furans,
Fax: (312)554-0193 cadmium
E-mail: amccabe@delta-institute.org Project Type: Substance
Removal/Reduction
Summary: The Delta Institute conducted a study to evaluate the potential for industrial boiler toxic
emission reductions through energy conservation and efficiency measures. Delta engaged with selected
industries which own and operate industrial boilers, sought to determine appropriate incentives for and
barriers to investment in energy efficiency technologies and conservation practices, and developed a
method to quantify reduction of persistent toxic substances (PTS) through energy efficiency and
conservation technologies and practices that result in more efficient industrial boilers.
Emissions from industrial boilers are a function of the type and quantity of primary fuel burned in the
boiler unit, the type of boiler, and emissions controls. Boilers emit a variety of pollutants including those
pollutants associated with combustion processes, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2),
particulate matter (PM), and carbon monoxide (CO), as well as air toxics. The primary air toxics include
formaldehyde, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), lead, hydrogen chloride, cadmium, mercury,
and dioxin/furans (US EPA 1998). Several of the air toxics emitted by industrial boiler units, such as
mercury, dioxin/furans, cadmium, PAHs, and 1,4-dichlorobenzene are considered to be Level I and II
pollutants of concern under the GLBTS program which was the primary focus of this project.
Environmental Results/Products: The Delta Institute found that optimizing energy efficiencies reduces
fuel consumption which reduces emissions of PTS, and lowers greenhouse gas emissions, as well. An
aggregation analysis showed that industrial boilers are a substantial source of toxic compounds. Although
emissions of PTS from industrial boilers are significant, they are not well inventoried, because they are
often grouped together with the total facility emissions.
An aggregation analysis showed that more than 20,000 industrial boilers are located at facilities in Great
Lakes region. This analysis also showed that 12% of the industrial boilers located in the Great Lakes
region that use coal and residual fuel oil as the primary fuel emit the majority of PTS emissions.
Because of the significance of industrial boilers as a source of air toxics and the potential for reductions
through energy efficiency measures, an outreach program was established to encourage industrial facilities
to upgrade their existing equipment. The effort focused on coal and residual oil boilers in energy intensive
industries in order to take advantage of the reduction potential from this sector. Focusing on coal and
residual fired units reduced the target pool of industrial boilers from more than 20,000 to 2,900 located in
approximately 1,100 facilities in the Great Lakes region.
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Appendix A
The Delta Institute, working with the Council of Industrial Boiler Owners and the Wisconsin Department
of Natural Resources performed energy efficiency assessments at nine Wisconsin facilities, with a total of
34 industrial boilers. Plant-specific energy efficiency recommendations were developed based on the site
visit. Primary operations at the participating facilities included:
Four pulp and paper producers (designated in this report as PVT-1 through 4)
One manufacturing facility (designated PVT-5); and,
Four institutional facilities (designated PUB-1 through 4).
Through these assessments, they found that optimizing energy needs can result in reductions of toxic and
greenhouse gas emissions because of reduced fuel use. This correlation was also confirmed through the
aggregation analysis of emissions from more than 20,000 industrial boilers located at facilities in eight
Great Lakes states.
Project Partners:
U.S. Department of Energy
Council of Industrial Boilers Owners
American Council for an Energy Efficiency Economy
Council of Industrial Boiler Owners
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
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Appendix A
Title: PCBs AND ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS WORKSHOP
(FY 00-GL975148-01)
Organization: City of Superior, Public Works Department
Contact: Project Statistics:
Diane R. Thompson Award Amount: $30,000
Pretreatment/Safety Coordinator Dollars Leveraged $10,000
City of Superior, Wisconsin Project Timetable: 10/01/99 - 09/30/01
Public Works Department Lake Basin(s): Superior
Wastewater Division Toxic Stressors: PCBs, Mercury, Asbestos
51 East 1st Street Project Type: Education/Outreach
Superior, WI 54880 Workshop for Contractors
Telephone: (715) 394-0392 ext. 131
Fax: (715)394-0406
E-mail: thompsond@ci.superior.wi.us
Summary: The City of Superior, Wisconsin conducted two workshops for electrical contractors in
Wisconsin and Minnesota to present information about state and federal regulations relating to PCBs,
including identification, removal and disposal requirements, and also discussed health and environmental
impacts associated with PCBs. The City of Superior designed this workshop in consultation with
Minnesota Power, Northern States Power and Western Lake Superior Sanitary District (WLSSD). Thirty-
one (31) people attended the workshop held in Ashland, Wisconsin and 53 people attended the workshop
held in Duluth, Minnesota.
Project Partners:
University of Wisconsin Superior
Allete (Minnesota Power)
Xcel (Northern States Power)
Western Lakes Superior Sanitary District (WLSSD)
Health Care without Harm
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR)
Products:
PCB survey for businesses
Workshop Brochure
Clean Sweep Rebate Certificate
Workshop Agenda
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Appendix A
Title: MOBILIZING/COORDINATING INDUSTRY BNTS PARTICIPATION
(FY 00-GL-975 044-01)
Organization: Council of Great Lakes Industries
Contact: Project Statistics:
George H. Kuper Award Amount: $105,000
Council of Great Lakes Industries Dollars Leveraged $ 10,500
3600 Green Court, Suite 710 Project Timetable: 01/24/00 - 09/30/02
Ann Arbor, MI 48150 Lake Basin(s): Great Lakes Basin
Telephone: (734)663-1944 Project Type: Education/Outreach
Fax: (734)663-2424
Summary: The Council of Great Lakes Industries (CGLI) has worked in partnership with the USEPA
since 1997 to facilitate implementation of the Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy (GLBTS). CGLI
has conducted awareness efforts, recruited workgroup participants, gathered data for release inventories
helped implement a decision tree process for sector significance determinations, researched incentives
which attract industry to the GLBTS, served as a liaison between USEPA and industry stakeholders, and
sought substance release commitments from industry stakeholders. The highlights of this continuing work
effort through the fiscal year 2002 include:
Continue substance workgroup support activities and awareness efforts to nurture current
participants, and seek additional participants from industry sectors, which have not yet become
involved in the strategy. These include the primary and secondary aluminum and cooper smelters,
pesticide manufacturers and small industries.
Increase strategy awareness and participation among industry suppliers and;
Chart a course for future efforts once current strategy goals have been met, this effort will include
a study of existing pollution prevention programs to determine how/if EPA EPCRA Tier II
substances have been included.
Environmental Results/Products: CGLI's outreach efforts have resulted in enhanced industry
participation in GLBTS activities. Increasing this participation further and gaining additional
commitments required additional contact within industries already active in the program and those sectors
yet to join the effort.
CGLIs industry stakeholder list continues to grow, 150 individuals representing many different sectors,
individual industries are now registered and receive regular briefings regarding strategic activities and
challenge goals.
The chlor-alkali industry mercury use reduction commitment on PCB equipment, the steel industry
mercury program, the auto industry commitments on PCB equipment phase out are examples of new
commitments made specifically as part of the GLBTS program.
Other individual company efforts have resulted in GLBTS substances use and release reductions examples
include:
Niagara Mohawk's effort, which replaced 37,000 mercury containing gas regulators in use by
consumers and their distribution facility focus efforts, which retired 29,700 PCB capacitors.
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix A
Ontario Hydro's program, will result in the destruction of 81 percent (81%) of their PCB inventory
by the year 2006. This facility seeks to be PCB free by year 2015.
Dow Canada's 95% reduction in release of dioxins and furans from vinyl chloride monomer
production
Industry sector collective voluntary programs such as the American Forest & Paper Association
environmental principles and goals program, Automotive Pollution Prevention Program, the
Chemical Industry responsible Care Program, Wisconsin Paper Council/Wisconsin Department of
Natural Resources (WI DNR) P5 program and Michigan Pulp and Paper Environmental Council/
Michigan DEQ P5 program all serve as examples of voluntary programs which include elements
that call for and result in the reduction of releases of GLBTS Level I and Level II substances. '
Eastman Kodak's commitment to virtually eliminate heavy metals, cadmium, mercury, lead and
chromium (VI) from their products.
Dow's commitment to reduce HBC and mercury compounds release by 75% by 2005.
Goodyear Tire and Rubber's efforts, which have made 15 plants in the U.S. and two in Canada
PCB free.
Project Partners:
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Michigan Pulp and Paper Environmental Council
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Appendix A
Title: REGIONAL LAWNMOWER BUY-BACK PROGRAM
(FYOO-GL975352-01)
Organization: City of Chicago
Contact: Project Statistics:
Bethany Wezeman Award Amount: $32,400
City of Chicago Dollars Leveraged $32,298
Department of Environment Proj ect Timetable: 09/15/00-06/14/02
30 N. LaSalle Street Lake Basin(s): Michigan
25th Floor Project Type: Substance
Chicago IL 60602 Removal/Reduction
Telephone: (312)744-8096
Fax: (312)744-6451
Summary:
The Chicago Department of Environment (CDOE) addressed lawn equipment as a major source of air
pollution by encouraging residents of the Chicago region to trade in their gas-powered lawnmowers for
new electric push mowers. CDOE coordinated eight lawnmower equipment buyback programs where
citizens received a rebate of $60 towards the purchase of a non-motorized mower regardless of the brand
or place of purchase.
Environmental Results/Products:
CDOE has successfully retired more than 800 mowers during its events, sparing the region over 7 tons per
year of ozone-causing pollution. During the summer of 2000, six buy back events were held in suburban
locations and two were held in the City of Chicago. A total of 556 mowers were collected during these
events, resulting in approximately 3.3 tons of VOC reductions for the mowing season.
The seasonal emission estimates assume a 20-week mowing season beginning May 15th and ending
October 15th. Emission reduction estimates assume that an average lawn mower emits approximate 12
pounds of emissions during the mowing season.
In 2001, one event was held in the City of Chicago in conjunction with the CDOE's household hazardous
waste collection event. A total of 242 mowers were collected which resulted in 2.55 tons of VOC's
reduced per season. On June 8, 2002, CDOE collected 193 mowers, resulting in 1.20 tons of VOC
reduced per season. Six lawnmower buy back events were held in various suburbs surrounding the City of
Chicago.
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Appendix A
Title: CATCH THE FEVER - MICHIGAN MERCURY THERMOMETER EXCHANGE
PROGRAM (MMTE) (FY 00 - GL975372-01)
Organization: Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Contact: Project Statistics:
Steve Kratzer Award Amount: $68,159
Compliance Assistance Section Dollars Leveraged $3,408
Environmental Science and Services Division Project Timetable: 01/24/00 - 09/30/04
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality Lake Basin(s): Michigan, Huron,
PO Box 30457 Superior, Erie
Lansing, MI 489090 Toxics Reduced: 1061.20 Ibs. mercury
Telephone: (517)373-0939 Toxic Stressors: Mercury
Fax:(517)373-3675 Project Type: Education/Outreach
Email: kratzers@michigan.gov
Summary:
The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) offered digital thermometers as an incentive
for the public to turn in their mercury fever thermometers. MDEQ provided educational materials
describing the dangers of mercury when spilled in the household, and its subsequent adverse impacts on
the environment.
This project also provided for the proper disposal of reclaimed mercury thermometers, liquid elemental
mercury and a large list of other mercury-containing devices that were turned in during the thermometer
exchange events.
Representatives from Michigan Health and Hospital Association (MHA)and Michigan Association for
Local Public Health (MALPH) helped administer this program.
Environmental Results/Products:
Over 31,000 digital thermometers were purchased and distributed during this program. Sixty-six different
groups and organizations hosted thermometer exchanges throughout the State of Michigan.
As a result of this program in Michigan a member of the Michigan Senate helped pass through a bill in
Michigan's state legislature that would ban the sale of mercury thermometers in Michigan. The senator
specifically mentioned the 'free' thermometer exchange opportunities for the public (throughout the state).
The provisions of Public Act 578 of 2002 took effect on January 1, 2003, which prohibits the sale of
mercury thermometers of any type in Michigan.
Project Partners:
Michigan Health and Hospital Association (MHA)
Michigan Association for Local Public Health (MALPH)
Michigan Ground Water Stewardship Clean Sweep Program
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Appendix A
Title: DENTIST RECYCLING AND AWARENESS TRAINING MODULE
(FYOO-GL975370-01)
Organization: The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois
Contact:
James L. Drummond, DBS, PhD
College of Dentistry / School of Public Health
Department of Restorative Dentistry
Division of Biomaterials and Technology
801 South Paulina St
Chicago, IL 60612-7212
Telephone: (312)413-3790
Fax: (312)996-3535
Email: drummond@uic.edu
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$50,000
$40,600
10/1/00- 11/30/02
All
Mercury
Substance
Removal/Reduction
Summary: The University of Illinois School of Public Health conducted a study to quantify the total
amount of amalgam used in dental offices in the state of Illinois and to estimate the fractions of amalgam
waste material generated during dental filling procedures. A collection system of containers was placed in
six dental offices and clinics to collect the material from the in-line trap, and the excess dental amalgam
not placed into the oral cavity. The study also estimates the fractions of non-contact, contact, and tooth
retained amalgam through an in vitro study.
The basic ingredients of dental amalgam, by weight, are silver (20 - 34%), tin (8 - 15%), copper (1-15%),
other metals (0-5%), and mercury (42-52%). The disposal of dental wastewater streams into sewage
system from dental offices and clinics are suspected to contribute from 10 to 40 percent of the mercury
loading to wastewater facilities. Given stricter mercury discharge standards, the mercury loading from this
and other small sources may influence the ability of treatment facilities to meet NPDES permit
requirements. Stricter discharges standards reflect the recognition of the serious impacts of mercury
discharges on the ecosystem.
Environmental Results/Products:
This study, along with previous research, resulted in an estimate of the amount of amalgam being used,
and the solid waste amount, which can be discarded and eventually reach the environment.
Mercury data for this study was collected by installing amalgam separators at six dental offices within
Illinois. The collection system consisted of three containers placed in the participating dental offices in
order to collect:
Material from the in-line trap, contact amalgam
Excess dental amalgam that is not placed into the oral cavity, the non-contact amalgam
Amalgam capsules
Dentists in Illinois (6,455) have the potential to generate 947 kg of non-contact mercury per year, which is
recyclable; and 144 kg of contact mercury which has the potential to be discarded or discharged into the
environment. Applied to dentists throughout the U.S. (123,641), then 18,159 kg of recyclable, non-contact
mercury may be generated per year and 2,763 kg of mercury may enter the environment. These
measurements are based on survey data from the ADA concerning the number of working days per year,
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Appendix A
the number of practicing dentists, a 50%, by weight, mercury content in amalgam and the generation
estimates from this project
A major finding of this project was the quantification of the amalgam generation rate for non-contact
amalgam. The non-contact amalgam waste stream is easily recyclable. It contains a significant amount of
uncontaminated amalgam, which has the potential to generate 211 mg of mercury/day/chair and 126 mg of
silver /day/chair. These calculations are based a 50% mercury and 30% silver, by weight, amalgam
composition.
The uncontaminated amalgam has the potential to generate 211 mg of mercury/day/chair, and 126 mg of
silver/day/chair. These calculations are based a 50% mercury and 30% silver, by weight, amalgam
composition.
The other fraction of the dental waste stream, contact amalgam, contains all the waste particles that are
large than 700 micrometers. This waste stream generates 32mg of mercury/day/chair and 19 of
silver/day/chair. A comparison can be made between this study and staff previous work, by accounting for
the 7 to 1.5, difference in the median estimates of capsules used per day per chair.
Staff developed a continuing education module at the University of Illinois at Chicago School of Dentistry
on best recycling practices and awareness of the effect of mercury on the environment.
Project Partners:
National Institute of Craniofacial Dental Research
Products:
Continuing education module on best recycling practices and awareness of the effect of mercury on the
environment for dentists
J. Drummond. "Mercury generation potential from dental waste amalgam. "_Journal of Dentistry, 31, 7,
Page 493, also:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entre z/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=l 292746 l&dopt=
Abstract
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Appendix A
Title: THE GREAT WOOD STOVE AND FIREPLACE CHANGE OUT
(FYOO-GL975376-01)
Organization: Hearth Products Association
Contact:
John Crouch
Hearth Products Association
7840 Madison Avenue, Ste. 185
Fair Oaks, CA 95628
Telephone: (916) 536-2390
Fax: (916)536-2392
Email: crouchpa@ix.netcom.com
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxics Reduced:
Project Type:
$60,000
$71,000
10/01/00-09/30/01
All
particulate matter, dioxin
Substance Removal/Reduction
Education/Outreach
Summary: The Hearth Products Association conducted a wood stove and fireplace change-out program
in the Great Lakes and surrounding region, in February, March and April 2001. Participating retail stores
offered consumers a discount on newer, clean, EPA-certified wood stoves and appliances when
exchanging an old stove or appliance.
Consumers in certain counties in Wisconsin were also eligible for a rebate, provided they met certain
criteria. This program was designed to address emissions of benzo(a)pyrene and other polyaromatic
hydrocarbons in the Great Lakes region, from the operation of old, non-EPA-certified wood stoves and
fireplace inserts. Each change out earned the consumer $200 credit toward the purchase of a new stove.
The Hearth industry had over 10 years of experience conducting similar stove change out programs in
parts of the western United States prior to this effort in the Great Lakes region.
Environmental Results/Products: The change-out program involved the exchanging of an old wood
stove for a new, EPA-certified stove, or the converting of wood inserts in open hearths to cleaner inserts or
gas logs. This incentive-based program was specifically designed to encourage consumers to trade in their
old polluters for a discount on new EPA-certified appliances.
As of January 24, 2001, 33 manufacturers officially pledged participation in the change-out program.
HPA solicited the participation of retail stores in the change-out program with targeted mailings, postcards
and newsletters about the program and its benefits. More than 150 retail stores signed up to participate in
the change-out program in 2001. Of these, 79 retailers were from Wisconsin, Minnesota and the Upper
Peninsula of Michigan.
Each participating retailer received program materials such as Retailer Kits. Retailer Kits included
advertising slicks, masters for handouts at home shows, hang tags, lists of participants, and banners. A
website (www.woodstovechangeout.org) and a toll-free information telephone number was established for
consumers to contact for more information.
The program began on February 1, 2001 in St. Paul Minnesota and ended April 30, 2001. A total of 1,221
change outs occurred. Overall 846 old wood stoves were exchanged. Of those 846, 646 (76%) changed to
an EPA-certified wood stove, 164 changed to a gas appliance and 36 changed to a pellet stove.
Wisconsin 611 change-outs
Minnesota 384 change-outs
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Appendix A
Ohio 44 change-outs
Illinois and Indiana together 28 change outs.
At the conclusion of the program the 1,200 conventional wood stoves exchanged for cleaner appliances,
could realize a 95% emission reduction per unit and a fuel wage reduction of 48% in the Great Lakes
Region.
Project Partners:
Michigan State University
Hearth Products Association (HPA)
North Central HPA
Middle States HPA
Midwest HPA
Northeast HPA
HPA Canada
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
National Steel Recycling Council
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Products:
Wood Stove Change Out Promotional Materials
http://woodstovechangeout.orgAVhvChangeout.htm
Related Articles for Newsletters
Web Site
http://woodstovechangeout.org/
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Appendix A
Title: MERCURY-FREE ZONE PROGRAM
(FYOO-GL975377-01-1)
Organization: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Contact: Project Statistics:
Christopher W.Butler Award Amount: $60,000
MN Pollution Control Agency Dollars Leveraged $3,158
525 S. Lake Avenue Project Timetable: 10/01/00 - 9/30/03
Suite 400 Lake Basin(s): Superior
Duluth, MN 55802 Toxics Reduced: 650 Ibs. mercury
Telephone: 218/723-2358 Toxic Stressors: Mercury
Fax: 218/723-4727 Project Type: Substance Removal/Reduction
Education/Outreach
Summary:
The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) launched the Mercury Free Zone program, a very
comprehensive statewide mercury reduction initiative in 2001, building on the results of a successful pilot
program conducted from November 2000 to February 2001.
The Mercury-Free Zone program promotes the removal of mercury from schools and other facilities in
Minnesota, and a demonstration to school classes of how a dog, Clancy, can detect mercury vapor and how
students can help solve the mercury pollution problem.
The comprehensive program requires participating schools to sign a mercury-free pledge, inventory their
school for mercury, remove and replace "high" risk mercury items (e.g., thermometers, barometers, bulk
mercury, blood pressure cuffs) educate their students and facility about the dangers of mercury, and as
schedules permit, allow the assessment team (MPCA staff, Clancy the mercury detecting dog, and the
Lumex unit) to come in and assess the school for mercury contamination. In addition to on-site assistance,
the Mercury-Free Zone program provides each participating school with about $300 worth of replacement
equipment and helps coordinate the disposal of mercury waste.
The objectives of this project were to:
Permanently remove mercury from Minnesota schools;
Assess Minnesota schools for mercury contamination and remediate; and
Educate students, school staff and the general public about the mercury pollution problem and
offer some solutions.
Environmental Results/Products:
650 pounds of mercury have been permanently removed from 250 participating Minnesota schools
at a cost of $500 per pound.
104 schools were assessed for mercury contamination.
Assessment team members located mercury spills in 35 schools
Presentations about mercury were made to 10,000 Minnesota students and school staff.
9,418 students and others were educated about the hazards of mercury and the olfactory prowess
of dogs to detect mercury.
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Appendix A
Information about the program and the dangers associated with mercury was distributed through
media sources which reached approximately 60 million people.
> 60 articles appeared in Minnesota newspapers.
> 5 announcements on radio stations
> National Geographic reported on the program twice.
Project Partners:
Institute for a Sustainable Future
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance
Minnesota Science Teacher's Association
Minnesota County Governments
> Washington County, Minnesota
> Ramsey County, Minnesota
> Hennepin County, Minnesota
> McLeod County, Minnesota
City of St. Paul Police Department - Canine Unit
Western Lake Superior Sanitary District
Xcel Energy
250 Minnesota Schools
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Appendix A
Title: LOCAL AND SECTOR BASED POLLUTION PREVENTION
(FYOO-GL-97540101-0)
Organization: National Wildlife Federation
Contact: Project Statistics:
Andy Buchsbaum Award Amount: $80,000
National Wildlife Federation Dollars Leveraged $35,277
5 06 E Liberty Street Proj ect Timetable: 10/01/00-9/3 0/01
Ann Arbor, MI 481014-2210 Lake Basin(s): All
Telephone: 734/769-3351 Project Type: Substance Removal/Reduction
Fax: 734/769-1449 Education/Outreach
Email: buchsbaum@nwf.org
Summary:
The National Wildlife Federation continued to implement local and industrial-based projects for reducing
the priority pollutants targeted by the GLBTS, with a focus on:
Expanding National Wildlife Federation's (NWF) successful mercury pollution prevention work in
the healthcare industry within the Great Lakes basin;
Integrating the Southeast Michigan mercury pollution prevention activities with the Detroit River
Remedial Action Plan (RAP) Pollution Prevention Action Team's program;
Initiating a multi-stakeholder mercury pollution prevention task force in Ohio; and
Continuing a leadership role among environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGO's) in
the GLBTS).
Environmental Results/Products:
Fifteen new hospitals in Region 5 have signed the Mercury Free Medicine pledge and will begin to convert
to a mercury free facility. Eleven of the fifteen hospitals are located in Michigan. Nationally a total of
over 650 hospitals and clinics have signed the Mercury Free Medicine pledge. Another 78 health care
facilities in the Saginaw Bay watershed support mercury elimination at their facilities. This equates to as
much as 2,656 pounds of mercury use being eliminated.
The Michigan Hospital Association (MHA) also launched a web site for member hospitals to make the
Mercury Free Medicine pledge on-line. The project also distributed educational and technical materials to
health care facilities in each of the 22 counties in the Saginaw Bay watershed.
NWF worked with the Great Lakes states and USEPA to develop the Total Maximum Daily Loads (a
watershed cleanup plan] plan. The TMDL plan is intended to clean up waterways, including the Great
Lakes, impaired by mercury and other pollutants. NWF has participated in the GLBTS meetings and has
been an active participant in the workgroups.
Project Partners:
Michigan Hospital Association
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Products:
Mercury Free Medicine Pledge
http://www.h2e-online.org/pubs/mercfree.pdf
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Title: PBT-FREE PURCHASING IN THE GREAT LAKES STATES
(FYOO-GL975432-01)
Organization: INFORM, Inc.
Contact: Project Statistics:
Joanna Underwood Award Amount: $33,541
Inform, Inc. Dollars Leveraged $5,700
Purchasing for Pollution Prevention 120 Project Timetable: 9/15/00 - 9/14/02
Wall Street New York, NY 10005 Lake Basin(s): All
Telephone: 212-361-2400 Toxics Reduced: 200 Ibs mercury, 2000 Ibs benzene
Fax: 212-361-2412 compound,
underwood@informinc.org Toxic Stressors: Benzene compound, Mercury
www.informinc.org Project Type: Information/Outreach
Summary: The purpose of INFORM's project, PBT-free Purchasing in the Great Lakes States, was to
help government agencies and public institutions in the Great Lakes region minimize the purchase of
products that contain (or generate) mercury, lead, dioxin or other persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic
(PBT) chemicals.
Research conducted by INFORM for its "Toxic Watch 1995" report demonstrated that in many cases, toxic
chemicals contained in consumer products have played a much more significant role in environmental
contamination and human health damage than those found in the waste streams of manufacturing facilities.
Inform released a report on the industrial use of bioaccumulative toxins which documents that more than
90% of these chemicals are leaving factories in products, not in waste. PBTs, a more narrow group of
bioaccumulative toxins, are found in a wide range of consumer and industrial products including paints
(used on boats, bridges, roads and automobiles), pesticides, chlorinated solvents, inks, dyes, solder, etc.
Toxic chemicals in consumer products can present risks both when products are used and after they are
discarded into landfills and incinerators.
While many states, localities and federal agencies have altered their purchasing practices to favor products
that are recycled or energy efficient, far fewer have looked extensively for ways to reduce the toxicity of
the goods and services they procure. Government procurement has the potential to be a major catalyst for
innovative technologies because the public sector has substantial purchasing power.
Environmental Results/Products:
One of the primary goals of INFORM's PBT-free Purchasing Project was to catalyze businesses to
manufacture and distribute safer alternatives to PBT-containing products. Perhaps the greatest impact has
been the stimulation of PBT-free product redesign in the auto industry. At INFORM's suggestion,
Minnesota's 2002 vehicle bid put vendors on notice that vehicles purchased, used, and sold by the state
will be completely mercury-free within three years. In response to this bid (and in concert with efforts by
other environmentalists), General Motors (GM) announced that all mercury convenience lighting switches
would be discontinued by January 15, 2002, nearly a year ahead of its previous schedule.
It has been estimated that this decision resulted in the elimination of mercury switches in 97,0001 vehicles,
preventing the use of about 200 pounds of mercury. Moreover, Erie County, New York's elimination of
para-dichlorobenzene urinal blocks prevented about 200 pounds of para-blocks from going into the sewer
system.
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As a result of this grant, more than a dozen state and local governments in the Great Lakes region are now
evaluating a broad range of products for PBTs and specifying safer alternatives. With EP's support, it has
been demonstrated that government purchasing can effectively spur pollution prevention and corporate
innovation.
INFORM has produced numerous fact sheets that provide answers to frequently asked questions, lists of
product vendors, price and performance comparisons, model specification language, and procurement
success stories by other governments:
> Mercury-free vehicles (http://www.informinc.org/p3_09.php)
> Mercury-free medical equipment (http://www.informinc.org/p3_10.php)
> Safer alternatives to para-dichlorobenzene restroom deodorizers (www.informinc.org/fserie.pdf)
> Mercury-free products and alternatives (www.informinc.org/fsmercalts.pdf)
> Commonly (and some uncommonly) found PBT-containing products used by specific types of
agencies and/or institutions.
> Environmentally preferable janitorial cleaning chemicals
http://www.ecoiq.com/onlineresources/anthologies/prevention/index.html.
Project Partners:
Center for a New American Dream
Great Lakes Regional Pollution Prevention Roundtable (GLRPPR)
Great Lakes United (GLU)
Hospitals for a Healthy Environment (H2E) and Health Care Without Harm (HCWH)
International Alliance for Sustainability
The International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI)
National Association of Educational Buyers (NAEB)
National Wildlife Federation (NWF)
Erie County Environmental Management Council
Products:
> Mercury-free vehicles (http://www.informinc.org/p3_09.php)
> Mercury-free medical equipment (http://www.informinc.org/p3_10.php)
> Safer alternatives to para-dichlorobenzene restroom deodorizers (www.informinc.org/fserie.pdf)
> Mercury-free products and alternatives (www.informinc.org/fsmercalts.pdf)
> Commonly (and some uncommonly) found PBT-containing products used by specific types of
agencies and/or institutions.
> Environmentally preferable janitorial cleaning chemicals
http://www.ecoiq.com/onlineresources/anthologies/prevention/index.html.
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Title: ERIE COUNTY PILOT COMPUTER RECYCLING PROJECT
(FY01 -GL975389-01-2)
Organization: Erie County (NY) Department of Environment and Planning
Contact: Project Statistics:
Susan Attridge Award Amount: $30,000
Erie County Dollars Leveraged: $19,220
Department of Environment and Planning Project Timetable: 10/01/01- 12/31/03
95 Franklin St. Room 1077 Lake Basin(s): Erie, Niagara River
Buffalo, NY 14202 Toxic Stressors: Mercury, Lead, Phosphorus,
Telephone: 716-858-6370 Cadmium
Fax:716-858-7713 Project Type: Substance Removal/Reduction
E-mail: attridges@bflo.co.erie.ny.us
Summary:
Erie County (NY) Department of Environment and Planning hosted two computer collection events in
conjunction with several household hazardous waste collection events. Proper dismantling and recycling of
the computers reduces environmental loadings of lead, which is categorized by U.S. EPA as a persistent
bioaccumulative toxic pollutant (PBT). Other pollutants of concern related to the disposal of computers
include mercury, cadmium and phosphorus.
Erie County Department of Environmental Planning (DEP) has historically provided outreach and
education assistance to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC)
Automotive Mercury Switch Project, and has established relationships with a number of the automotive
salvage yards. Through this grant, Erie County continued to build on this partnership, coordinating with
NYSDEC to collect and dispose of automotive mercury switches from vehicles prior to crushing and
shredding operations within Erie County.
Environmental Results/Products:
Erie County DEP hosted eleven collection events. Erie county paid two electronic recycling companies to
collect and recycle the materials collected at the eleven community collection events. Costs for recycling
computer monitors ranged from $4.70 to $7.50 per monitor and $0.00 to $2.00 per central processing unit
(CPU), printer and other small electronics.
A live television segment was broadcast from the first collection event held at the University of Buffalo.
Many people who saw the television spot came to the event. Overall, advertising in the local Pennysavers
and Buffalo News newspaper was the most effective method of promotion of the events, followed by
television, then radio.
Electronics Collected:
Monitors: 5348
CPU's: 4310
Scanner: 47
Mice: 255
Printers: 7079
Keyboards: 488
Laptops: 13
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Faxes: 5
Peripherals: 17357
Attendees: 4251
Each automotive mercury switch in a vehicle contains ~1 gram of mercury; each switch removed
represents the equivalent of nearly 25 times the quantity of mercury contained in a 4-foot fluorescent light
tube. The switches are easily removed, typically in about one minute per switch.
NYSDEC partnered with Valvoline Instant Oil Change Center, Monro Muffler, and Mr. Oil Change and
Erie County DEC to support collection and recycling of the automotive mercury switches. The
participating automotive service providers offered customers the option of replacing the automotive
mercury switch in their trunk and/or hood lighting mechanism with a mercury-free ball bearing type
switch. The automotive service centers supplied in-kind service to the public. The replacement option
was voluntary by the customer at the point of delivery.
Erie County Mercury Program staff visited 58 automobile recycling facilities in Erie and Niagara Counties
to collect 1891 mercury switches the recyclers had removed from vehicles. Each recycler received an
educational package at the Spring 2001 site visit. The information included instructions for proper
removal of the switches from vehicles. It also included details on how to replace the mercury switch with
a mercury free switch should they wish to do so for resale purposes and an updated list of vehicles that
contain mercury switch lighting mechanisms.
At the fall collections, each recycling facility received a labeled, DOT approved plastic container and
shipping box for mercury switches. The container holds 450 switches, a quantity in compliance with
conditionally exempt small quantity hazardous waste generator rules. The recyclers can ship the switches
for recover via UPS for $4000. The Automobile Recyclers Association offset the recycling cost.
Project Partners:
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation
Valvoline Instant Oil Change
Monro Muffler
Mr. Oil Change
Products:
Promotional Flyers
Vehicle recycler educational package
Web Page - http://www.erie.gov/environment/compliance/computer_recyling.asp
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Appendix A
Title: MERCURY REDUCTION THROUGH STEEL COMPANY SUPPLY CHAIN
(FY01 -GL-975503-01-0)
Organization: Delta Institute
Contact:
Timothy H. Brown
Delta Institute
53 W Jackson
Suite 230
Chicago Illinois 60604
Telephone: 312-554-0900 ext.13
Fax:312-554-0900
E-mail: thbrown@delta-institute.org
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$40,000
$7,368
6/01/01-09/30/03
Michigan
Mercury
Education/Outreach
Summary: The Delta Institute worked with various companies in the Great Lakes region to identify
pollution prevention opportunities to reduce GLBTS level 1 and 2 pollutants to the Great Lakes. These
included Wisconsin Energy and 16th Street Community Health Center in Milwaukee, Wisconsin and
NiSource, a large energy company, in Merrillville, Indiana.
Environmental Results/Products:
NiSource, Merrillville, Indiana
The Delta Institute in cooperation with NiSource, developed a list of chemicals associated with NiSource
operations, that are of concern to the Great Lakes basin ecosystem, as well as and other regions where
NiSource companies operate.
An inventory of chemical usage was conducted at three NiSource facilities. High VOC chemicals were
selected as a priority for reduction and replacement. The volume of VOC reduced was measured through
Equity, Ecology, and Economy Analysis (3E analysis).
The Delta Institute developed the concept of including pollution prevention and toxics reduction as
criterion within sustainable indices and socially responsible investment reports, which was promoted to
investment managers from Calvert, Sustainable Asset Management and the Dow Jones Sustainability
World Index, Innovest Strategic Value Advisors.
Wisconsin Energy Corporation
The Delta Institute worked with Wisconsin Energy Corporation in 2001 to 2002 to integrate an evaluation
of Great Lakes pollutants into their current environmental management system (EMS).
16th Street Community Health Center
The Delta Institute successfully worked with Wisconsin Energy Corporation, the Policy Academy on
Environmental Management Tools and 16th Street Community Health Clinic to develop a community
based Environmental Management System (EMS) in the Menomonee River/Milwaukee Estuary Area of
Concern. This community based EMS program that targets Great Lakes toxics is also being piloted in:
- Mona Lake Watershed. Delta Institute worked with Webb Chemical on an ecosystem-based EMS in
Mona Lake Watershed region in western Michigan;
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- Macatawa Watershed. Delta is developing an ecosystem impact analysis of the Macatawa watershed in
western Michigan for Herman Miller Corporation;
- Milwaukee River. Delta Institute is developing a profile and matrix of ecosystem impairment of the
Milwaukee River for Cook Composites and Polymers associated with their plant in Saukville, Wisconsin
Project Partners:
Ni Source
Wisconsin Energies (WE Energies)
Policy Academy on Environmental Management Tools
16th Street Community Health Center
Webb Chemical Corporation
Herman Miller Corporation
Cook Composites and Polymers Corporation
Products:
Menomonee Valley Ecosystem Impairment Matrix
Related presentation
http://www.tnrcc.state .tx.us/exec/sbea/ems/MSWG/l.9_B_Brown_Ecosystem.pdf
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Appendix A
Title: MERCURY POLLUTION PREVENTION FOR MUNICIPALITIES AND SMALL
BUSINESS (FY 01- GL 975560-01)
Organization: Western Lake Superior Sanitary District
Contact: Project Statistics:
Joseph J. Stepun Award Amount: $12,000
Western Lake Superior Sanitary District Dollars Leveraged $45,000
2626 Courtland Street Project Timetable: 10/01/01-09/30/03
DuluthMN 55806-1894 Lake Basin(s): Superior
Telephone 218-722-3336 Toxic Stressors: Mercury
Fax 218-727-7471 Project Type: Substance Removal/Reduction
Summary:
The objective of this project was to evaluate the effectiveness of existing programs within the St. Louis
River watershed to reduce mercury, identify program and resource gaps and make recommendations, with
an emphasis to expedite implementation.. Many waters within the Lake Superior watershed including the
St. Louis River are listed with fish consumption advisories due to mercury. A number of projects to
reduce mercury use and release in the St. Louis River (Douglas County) and Lake Superior Basins have
been implemented or are currently underway. Although many of these have been highly effective at
reducing mercury releases, additional efforts are needed to get the mercury reduction message to more
residents and industries in these areas.
The Western Lake Superior Sanitary District (WLSSD) serves as the main coordinator for the St. Louis
River Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) Partnership. The Partnership is a diverse set of stakeholders
representing environmental organizations, industries, academia, the public, and municipalities within the
Lake Superior Basin.
Environmental Results/Products:
A comprehensive survey to identify existing mercury reduction efforts was conducted and a gap analysis
was performed.
The existing program evaluation was completed in three steps. First, a list of known mercury reduction
programs in the project area was created. The list includes local, state, regional and national efforts that
are currently in use or well along in planning the stage. The list identifies 25 programs.
-Inventory, assessment, classification
Some of those programs offered throughout Douglas County:
> Fluorescent light recycling
> FfflW and Clean Sweep collections
> Auto switch the switch program
> Mercury free school programs, which covers 10 counties in northern Wisconsin
> Camp thermometer Replacement Program, also called "On the Trail for Mercury"- a program aimed at
youth camps in the 10 counties that comprise the Lake Superior watershed.
> Thermometer exchanges
> Thermostat Recycling Program
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> Dental amalgam BMP project
-Scientific study
Twelve of the existing mercury reduction programs were selected for in-depth review. This effort
included taking inventory of mercury sources that existing programs address and their geographic
coverage, as well as collecting information regarding the effectiveness of each program and what could be
done to improve that effectiveness.
PUBLIC STEWARDSHIP
-Outreach, information exchange
Staff conducted outreach activities for a diverse audience such as: dental, WWTP industries, households,
and business, schools, construction and demolition contractors, dairy farms, and general public.
Project Partners:
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance
Minnesota Technical Assistance Program
Douglas County Minnesota
Carlton County Minnesota
Products:
Survey of Existing Mercury Reduction Programs & Gap Analysis. September 12, 2002
http://www.ci.superior.wi.us/publicwks/wastewater/Survey%20of%20Hg%20Reduction%20programs.pd
f
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Title: PBT REDUCTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE PURCHASING (FY 01 -
GL-975687-01-0)
Organization: Erie County (NY) Department of Environment and Planning
Contact:
Thomas R. Hersey, Jr.
Erie County
Department of Environment and Planning
95 Franklin St. Room 1077
Buffalo, NY 14202
Telephone: 716-858-7674
Fax: 716-858-7713
E-mail: herseyt@bflo.co.erie.ny.us
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged:
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxics Stressors:
$45,000
$14,913
10/01/01-09/30/03
Erie
Napthalene Mothballs
& Flakes
Summary: Erie County, New York established an Environmentally Preferable Purchasing (EPP)
Program, to reduce the use and release of persistent bioaccumulative, toxic (PBT) chemicals. The project
was based on the U. S. EPA's EPP program. Local government agencies, like Erie County, often
unknowingly purchase products that contain PBT chemicals.
Environmental Results/Products:
Erie County staff identified and resolved a number of barriers to environmentally preferable purchasing
and created a database of PBT-free environmentally preferable products, now available on the County
intranet site for all county employees to utilize. A position for an environmental purchasing expert was
created in Erie County's Bureau of Purchase to evaluate procurement opportunities, revise procedures in
cooperation with the County Bureau of Purchase, and create a database of PBT-free replacement
products.
The language within bid specifications for products and services was changed to insure that products are
sustainable. Erie County employees received training regarding the revised product purchasing
specifications and resources for selecting alternative products.
Local governments in the areas (44 cities, towns and villages within Erie County) expressed an interested
in utilizing/duplicated the database of environmentally preferable products posted on the Erie County
intranet site. An effort to share this information is underway.
Some Specific Outcomes of the EPP Policy include:
* Erie Community College City Campus - Arts Department replaced the use of naphthalene moth
balls and flakes with cedar boards on the shelves that house yarn. This replacement will reduce
inhalation risk for students and faculty that enter the unventilated room for project preparation.
* Biobased lubricants - Erie County Department of Parks and Recreation - Biobased lubricants
were pilot tested on their mowers. A fact sheet was developed to outline the benefits of using
bio-based lubricants.
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* A table top display highlighting the County's EPP efforts has been developed and displayed at the
Fleet Wateriest, Erie County Fair, and at the Erie County Department of Environment & Planning
Pollution Prevention Week Open House.
Project Partners:
INFORM, Inc.
Products:
Bio-Based Lubricants fact sheet
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Title: PROMOTING POLLUTION PREVENTION WITH KEY CONSTITUENCIES
(FY01 -GL-975 700-01-0)
Organization: National Wildlife Federation
Contact:
Andy Buchsbaum
Great Lakes Natural Resource Center
National Wildlife Federation
506 East Liberty
Ann Arbor, MI 48104
Telephone: 734-769-3351
E-mail: buchsbaum@nwf.org
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressors:
Project Type:
$60,000
$40,576
10/01/01-09/30/02
All
Mercury
Program Development
Summary:
The National Wildlife Federation (NWF) continued to work to eliminate the introduction of mercury into
the environment from the Region 5 states. NWF assisted state-level pollution prevention programs by
promoting new incentives for industries to adopt P2 measures, and by working with selected source
sectors on ambitious pollution prevention projects.
NWFs focused on channeling state mercury reduction and pollution prevention activities by defining
statewide targets and mercury reduction plans, working closely with state agency personnel and other
stakeholders, and putting particular emphasis on sectors where there is strong pollution prevention
potential. This ongoing project aims to link strong state level programs with larger regional initiatives
such as the Great Lakes Binational Toxics Strategy (GLBTS), to achieve the broad mercury reductions
necessary to decisively reduce mercury and other toxic pollutants in the Great Lakes basin.
Environmental Results/Products:
Enhance state-level pollution prevention (P2) work by providing new incentives for industries to adopt P2
measures.
The NWF - Great Lakes Natural Resource Center (NWF) developed the mercury phase out proposal and
briefed states on a mercury reduction initiative that would lead to virtual elimination of mercury pollution
in the Great Lakes region. The mercury phase out proposal is designed to reward states for undertaking
aggressive and effective mercury pollution prevention measures.
The proposal provides states with the option of meeting their extensive mercury-related watershed
cleanup obligations under the Clean Water Act by entering into a memorandum of agreement with the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), to phase out mercury over a discrete period of time.
USEPA and NWF's collaborative work on a regional phase out plan provided an effective context for
NWF to approach agencies at the state level that work on mercury reduction.
NWF worked intensively with the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality (MDEQ) and state
leaders to conceptualize, develop and cost out the mercury phase out plan that would virtually eliminate
mercury releases in Michigan by 2020 and cut them by 90% by 2010.
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NWF and MDEQ drafted mercury reduction plans to set forth a prospective timeline of how and when
Michigan could achieve specific mercury reduction targets. A report was drafted to explore the feasibility
of various reduction strategies in mercury emitting sectors in Michigan, and the comparative cost
advantages associated with those strategies. The report reviews mercury reduction options for all know
industries and sectors in Michigan which generate any substantial mercury emissions, including:
> coal-fired power generation, as well as commercial, industrial and domestic boilers
> hospital waste, municipal waste and sewage sludge incineration
> foundries and cement manufacturing
> automotive switches, dental amalgam, and fluorescent lamp manufacturing and use.
This study revealed that mercury emissions from medical waste incinerators, which were thought to have
declined from 3400 pounds to 10 pounds or less, actually may still amount to up to 1,000 pounds. This
finding reinforces that product substitution and pollution prevention should remain a high priority in the
medical sector.
Work intensively in a single source sector to increase P2for mercury and other PBTs
NWF partnered with the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department (DWSD), a publicly owned treatment
works (POTW) in Detroit Michigan. Together they designed and implemented a pollution prevention
strategy that focused on reducing PBT discharges from significant industrial users (SIUs) of water. A
survey on mercury related concerns was distributed to approximately 400 SIUs in the DWSD system.
Findings of the survey will be forthcoming.
Project Partners:
Delta Institute
Michigan DEQ
Michigan United Conservation Clubs
Izaak Walton League
Great Lakes United
League of Ohio Sportsmen
Minnesota Conservation Federation
Hoosier Environmental Council
Michigan Environmental Council
Lake Michigan Federation
Indiana Wildlife Federation
Wisconsin Wildlife Federation
Citizens for a Better Environment
Save Lake Superior Association
Wisconsin Environmental Decade
Mississippi River Revival
Environmental Law & Policy Center
Ohio Environmental Council
Products:
Significant Industrial User Survey
Sources of Mercury fact sheet
Mercury in Products Guide
http://www.nwf.org/nwfWebAdmin/binaryVault/mercuryproducts.pdf
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Getting to 90%: A Review of Mercury Phase Out Alternatives and Costs for Michigan
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Title: EVEN LESS MERCURY IN SCHOOLS
(FY01 -GL-975 704-01-0)
Organization: University of Wisconsin Extension - Solid & Hazardous Waste Education Center
Contact: Project Statistics:
Steve Brachman Award Amount: $ 96,000
U of W - SHWEC Dollars Leveraged: $5,053
432 N. Lake Street Project Timetable: 10/01/01-12/30/03
Madison WI53706 Toxic Stressors: mercury
Telephone: 414-227-3160 Project Type: Outreach/Education
Fax:414-227-3155
E-mail: brachman@uwm.edu
Summary: The University of Wisconsin Extension - Solid & Hazardous Waste Education Center
(SHWEC) developed a national EPA mercury in schools outreach program, based on Wisconsin and
Region 5 models. Website and workshop materials were updated to include the latest information on
mercury sources, spills, health advisories and reduction programs; educator workshop was held in each
EPA Region, and an online teacher training course was developed.
Environmental Results/Products:
SHWEC Staff organized and presented a total of fourteen workshops (a minimum of one in each of the 10
EPA regions). New features and information were added to the Mercury in Schools web site
http://www.mercuryinschools.uwex.edu/. and curriculum materials, originally developed for the State of
Wisconsin, were revised and expanded to provide a national focus to the background materials and
teaching activities. Two online courses. Mercury in Schools, Your Community and the Environment and
Mercury Reduction for Educators: Taking Action in Your Community, were developed to educate teachers
on how to address the mercury issue. The courses are available through the University of Wisconsin -
Stevens Point and offer college credit for completion. Information sharing on this topic was facilitated by
the project partners listserv. The web site and listserv have been promoted in newsletters, and on other
listservs.
A videoconference of the Enhancing Pollution Prevention in School and Laboratory Facilities: Lessons
Learned from Mercury Reduction Programs was broadcast nationally on November 17, 2003.
Based on workshop experiences, the Mercury in Schools project staff recommended the following
preferred workshop approach.
* Target a specific school district, rather than a region or state,
* Involve the science or curriculum coordinator in early planning efforts,
* Arrange for some kind of release or payment for teachers and/or other staff to attend the
workshop,.
* Enlist one or more partners at the local, regional or state level that have the contacts, contracts
and/or funding to handle replacement and proper disposal of mercury and mercury containing
equipment,
* Help the school district create a mercury action plan,
* Follow-up with participants to make sure that mercury reduction efforts stay on track,
* Work with school janitorial/maintenance/engineering/purchasing staff,
* Develop a CD or video to support local mercury training efforts,
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* Train the trainers on integrating mercury reduction into state specific curriculum or general lesson
planning,
> Work with state education departments on waste minimization and toxics reduction,
> Develop a national mercury free pledge program and present awards to participating schools,
> Produce a how-to manual on conducting a mercury collection in the school,and,
> Partner with community service programs such as 4-H to develop a community based mercury
reduction service.
Project Partners:
EPA Regional Office (Regions 1-10)
Children's Hospital in Detroit
North Dakota Science Teachers association
Kansas Environmental Educators Association
Missouri Department of Conservation
Products:
Mercury in Your School and the Community: A National Issue
http://www.mercuryinschools.uwex.edu/curriculum/national-curriculum.htm
Mercury in Schools, Your Community and the Environment
Mercury Reduction for Educators: Taking Action in Your Community
http://www.mercuryinschools.uwex.edu/project/onlinecourse.htm
Summary of the teachers issues and concerns
Summary of the teachers obstacles
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Appendix A
Title: END-OF-LIFE VEHICLE PROGRAM
(FY01 -GL975743-01-0)
Organization: Great Lakes United
Contact: Project Statistics:
Margaret Wooster Award Amount: $44,200
Great Lakes United Dollars Leveraged $2,326
Buffalo State College Project Timetable: 10/01/2001 - 9/30/2003
1300 Elmwood Avenue Lake Basin(s): All
Buffalo NY, 14222 Toxic Stressors: Mercury
Telephone: (716)886-0142 Project Type: Education/Outreach
E-mail: wooster@glu.org
Summary:
Great Lakes United developed and presented a web conference called Getting the Mercury Out. The
conference was a five-part series which laid out the background to the mercury in vehicles issue,
overviewed mercury legislation and existing switch capture programs, and discussed the Michigan
mercury switch study that was previously conducted.
Environmental Results/Products:
Get the Mercury Out web conference
The web conference brought together leading mercury experts to discuss the current status of automotive
mercury switches in North America and help develop the next steps to reducing this source of mercury
pollution. Conference presenters included individuals from the Partnership for Mercury Free Vehicles,
US and Canadian governments, local switch removal programs, and the Auto Manufacturers Alliance.
Over forty (40) participants took part in the five part series.
Next Steps:
The overwhelming feedback from the web conference was that the current level of information on the use
of automotive mercury switches and methods for removal and disposal is sufficient to the development of
widespread automotive switch collection programs. Participants suggested more time and resources
should be put towards setting up and running these programs, with more limited resources placed in
research areas.
Addition Research Recommendations:
> Developm a performance standard, which would set out a numerical target for switch collection
from capture programs. The Northeast Recycling Council is doing work in this area. This was
highlighted as the number one need at this time by many of the web conference participants,
> Gather further information on the use of mercury in anti-lock brakes, headlamps, and after market
applications and the process for removal in these applications, and
> Develop retirement options for recovered mercury.
Additionally, The Michigan Department of Environmental Quality is studying the value of switch
replacement in "live" vehicles. This information may be useful for other agencies planning similar
programs.
Project Partners:
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Partnership for Mercury Free Vehicles
U.S. EPA
Environment Canada
Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers
Michigan Department of Environmental Quality
Environmental Defense
Ecology Center
New York State Attorney General's Office
Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries
Maine Department of Environmental Protection
Clean Air Foundation
Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance
New York Department of Environmental Conservation
Northeast Waste Managers Officials Association
Sustainable Research Group
Products:
MDEQ Study of Mercury Switch Replacement in "Live" Vehicles
http://www.deq.state.mi.us/documents/deq-ess-p2-mercury-michiganswitchstudy.pdf
Get. . . the Mercury Out: A Web Conference on Mercury in Automobiles
Contact Bailey Mylleville at 716-886-0142 or bailev(a),glu.org
125
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix A
Title: SOURCES OF PCB'S TO THE ATMOSPHERE IN CHICAGO
(FY01 -GL975717-01-0)
Organization: Clarkson University
Contact: Project Statistics:
Thomas M. Holsen Award Amount: $91,180
Department of Civil and Environmental Dollars Leveraged $19,320
Engineering Project Timetable: 10/01/2001-9/30/2004
Clarkson University Lake Basin(s): Michigan
Postsdam, NY 13699-5710 Toxic Stressors: PCB's
Telephone: (315)268-3851 Project Type: Research
Fax:(315)268-7985
E-mail: holsen@clarkson.edu
Summary:
The objective of this study was to determine if municipal sludge drying operations are releasing PCB's
into the air near the Lake Calumet municipal sludge drying facility, operated by the Metropolitan Water
Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC), and assess their importance to the Chicago air
shed. Sludge is generated at the municipal waste water treatment plants during the process of treating the
combined storm water, sanitary, and industrial waste waters.
This study found that sludge drying beds lose a good fraction of PCBs to volatilization; however, the PCB
emissions from the sludge drying beds are not very significant when compared to the total PCBs inputs
needed in the Chicago area to sustain ambient concentrations. The PCB emission rates from the sludge
drying beds accounted for between < 1 percent - 10 percent of total Chicago inputs on any given day.
Environmental Results/Products:
Upwind and downwind air samples, sludge samples and flux chamber samples from the Lake Calumet
municipal sludge drying facility were obtained in order to measure PCB emissions from this facility. Six
upwind and downwind samples were collected from the Calumet East sludge drying facility between
April and October 2002 to measure their contribution to PCBs to the atmosphere in the Chicago air shed.
These analytical results suggest that sludge drying at this location is a source of PCB's to the atmosphere,
accounting for < 1 to 10 percent of total Chicago inputs to the atmosphere, on any given day.
Analysis of sludge samples confirmed these conclusions. Wet and dry sludge samples were analyzed for
PCB concentrations. It was found that there is a significant loss of PCB's during the drying process,
possibly due to volatilization. Wet concentrations of PCBs in sludge samples averaged 1.99 mg/kg versus
dry concentrations of PCBs in sludge samples averaged 0.6 - 1.0 mg/kg.
In order to reduce these PCB emissions sources of the toxic chemicals to the MWRDGC wastewater
sludge need to be identified. Other toxic pollutants (e.g. mercury, PAHs and other pesticides) may also
be volatilized into the air through the process of drying waste water sludge. It is recommended that
additional studies be conducted on these toxic pollutants in order to develop a reduction plan.
Project Partners:
Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago (MWRDGC)
126
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix A
Products:
PCB Concentration in Lake Calumet Waste Water Treatment Sludge Analysis Reports
PCB Concentration from Lake Calumet Waste Water Treatment Downwind and Upwind Air Sampling
Reports
127
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix A
Title: PHASE-OUT OF DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS SUSPECTED TO CONTAIN PCB'S AT
THREE UTILITIES IN THE MINNESOTA PORTION OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR BASIN
(FY01 -GL975 647-01)
Organization: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
Contact:
Carri Lohse Hanson
Minnesota Pollution Control Agency
520 Lafayette Rd
St. Paul, MN 55155-4194
Telephone: (651)296-3851
Fax:(315)268-7985
E-mail: Carri.Lohse-Hanson@state.mn.us
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressors:
Toxics Reduced:
Project Type:
$50,000
$140,000
10/01/2001 -
9/30/2004
Superior
PCB's
451 Power
Transformers
Containing PCB's
Research
Summary:
The Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA) assisted four small utility companies located within
the Lake Superior watershed remove and properly dispose of power distribution transformers
contaminated with Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's). This project was funded through a combination of
sources, including the Great Lakes National Program Office (GLNPO), the Legislative Commission on
Minnesota Resources (LCMR) and the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). MPCA focused
their outreach efforts on smaller utilities in Lake Superior basin since Minnesota Power, the largest utility
in the region, has a PCB phase-out plan.
Lake Country Power volunteered to remove all of their 292 suspect transformers (2.8% of their
transformers in service) even though the program funds could not cover the entire cost. Cooperative
Light and Power replaced 145 transformers that were suspected to contain PCBs. They selected the
transformers to be removed based on their proximity to Lake Superior. The City of Grand Marais
contracted to replace 14 suspect transformers and to test others.
Environmental Results/Products:
MPCA contacted transformer manufacturers in order to obtain a list of transformer serial numbers which
contain PCB's or are likely to contain PCB's. A list of serial numbers was compiled and used to query the
MPCA registered transformer database.
A survey of smaller utilities within the Lake Superior basin was conducted in 1997 to identify the number
of "suspect" transformers in service. A suspect transformer is one that may contain PCB's based on its
manufacturer, date and service history. MPCA contacted nine utility companies that were respondents to
the 1997 survey, to invite them to work with MPCA to remove the transformers from service without
being subject to Minnesota hazardous waste fees.
The nine utilities contacted reported that seventy-one percent (71%) of the transformers identified as
"suspects" in 1997 project were either already replaced or in the process of being replaced. This high rate
was only possible because of the proactive approach taken by the participating utilities.
128
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix A
Ultimately, MPCA partnered with four utility companies within the Lake Superior basin to identify and
remove PCB containing transformers from service. Through database inquiries MPCA determined that
between 3.6 to 9.2% of the transformers owned by the four utilities may contain PCB's. (overall 3.7 of
the registered transformers in the Lake Superior Basin are considered "suspect" transformers.
Lake Country Power volunteered to remove all of their 292 suspect transformers (2.8% of their
transformers in service) even though the program funds could not cover the entire cost. Cooperative
Light and Power replaced 145 transformers that were suspected to contain PCBs. They selected the
transformers to be removed based on their proximity to Lake Superior. The City of Grand Marais
contracted to replace 14 suspect transformers and to test others.
Project Partners:
Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCMR)
Lake Country Power
Cooperative Light and Power
City of Grand Morais
Arrowhead Electric Power
Elizabethton Electric Systems
City of Biwabik
Products:
Distribution Transformer Manufacturers and Available Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Information -
Contact MPCA for list.
129
Pollution Solutions II
-------
Appendix A
Ultimately, MPCA partnered with four utility companies within the Lake Superior basin to
identify and remove PCB containing transformers from service. Through database inquiries
MPCA determined that between 3.6 to 9.2% of the transformers owned by the four utilities may
contain PCB's. (overall 3.7 of the registered transformers in the Lake Superior Basin are
considered "suspect" transformers.
Lake Country Power volunteered to remove all of their 292 suspect transformers (2.8% of their
transformers in service) even though the program funds could not cover the entire cost.
Cooperative Light and Power replaced 145 transformers that were suspected to contain PCBs.
They selected the transformers to be removed based on their proximity to Lake Superior. The
City of Grand Marais contracted to replace 14 suspect transformers and to test others.
Project Partners:
Legislative Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCMR)
Lake Country Power
Cooperative Light and Power
City of Grand Morais
Arrowhead Electric Power
Elizabethton Electric Systems
City of Biwabik
Products:
Distribution Transformer Manufacturers and Available Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB)
Information - Contact MPCA for list.
129
Pollution Solutions II
-------
Appendix A
Title: WISCONSIN AUTOMOBILE/APPLIANCE MERCURY SWITCH COLLECTION AND
MERCURY FLOW MODEL (MASS BALANCE) FOR DISTRIBUTION OF MERCURY
(FY01 -GL97571001-4)
GL97571001
Organization: Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
Contact:
Mark Harings
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources
1300W. Clairemont
P.O. Box 4001
Eau Claire, WI 54702
Telephone: (715) 831-3263
Fax: (715) 839 6076
E-mail: Mark.Harings@dnr.state.wi.us
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressors:
Toxics Reduced:
Project Type:
$100,000
$5,263
9/26/2001 -
6/30/2005
Michigan, Superior
Mercury
796 pounds of
Mercury product
collected from
54,000 automotive
mercury switches
and some bulk
mercury turned in
to collection
stations
Research and
Demonstration
Summary:
The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) set up a program to collect automotive
mercury and appliance switches from auto and scrap recyclers. The project was a result of a
successful partnership between WDNR, the Concerned Auto Recyclers of Wisconsin, the
Wisconsin Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries and members of the Wisconsin Storm Water
Cooperative Compliance Programs. Over 50 counties were served by five main collection sites
and 8 satellites sites that covered the immediate Great Lakes area. Each main site was provided
the necessary collection equipment, record-keeping forms, and spill cleanup kits. Auto and scrap
recyclers were informed of the program through the industry trade groups as well as other State of
Wisconsin agency mailing lists (Department of Transportation and other WDNR Bureaus). Each
auto and scrap recycler participating in the program was provided with collection containers and
cleanup kits.
Auto and scrap recyclers were provided an annual mailing which included an update on the
Project, annual pickup dates at collection sites, spill cleanup information, a list of autos with
mercury switches available at that time, information on the requirements for storage, handling
and proper labeling of storage containers, and information on obtaining free spill kits and storage
containers. The focus of the program was on hood and trunk switches (available information
indicated 90% of mercury was in hood and trunk switches). Participating auto recyclers provided
in-kind service by removing mercury switches from the vehicles. Participants are being
recognized with a framed certificate signed by either a WDNR official or the Governor,
depending upon the number of switches turned in. In addition to the recognition they received,
the program helped the participants comply with best management practices requirements of their
stormwater permits.
130
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix A
The grant helped WDNR create a self-sustaining program for continued collection of automotive
mercury switches.
Working under contract to WDNR, Barr Engineering Company created a set of flow diagrams for
mercury for nine product lines for the state of Wisconsin. Such a model was developed and run
previously for the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. The model predicts the release of
mercury to air, water, and waste streams from the most common mercury-containing products.
The model results will be used to improve the management of mercury-containing wastes, inform
decisions on mercury product legislation, and help focus efforts on effective mercury reduction
efforts. These flow diagrams estimated the use and flow of mercury in the year 2000.
Subsequently, Barr created flow diagrams to represent use of mercury in nine selected products or
product groups on a national scale for the United States. Diagrams have been created for three
years: 1990, 2000 and 2005 (a future year), allowing the user to predict changes overtime.
Environmental Results/Products:
The Mercury Switch Collection Project:
Established a collection program that is on-going,
Furthered the development of positive relationships between the industry group and the
WDNR,
Resulted in keeping 796 pounds of mercury waste from entering the environment during
the processing, smelting, shredding of scrap material,
Collected over 50,000 mercury switches from scrapped automobiles,
Was accomplished at minimal cost ($65,000 for the 4 years),
Assisted the automotive recyclers in helping to meet their Best Management Practice
required in their Storm Water Permit,
Was able to provide recognition to those participants by the highest level of state
government (Governor and Secretary of WDNR) and
Provided a basis for further discussions/involvement with other responsible industry
groups in future efforts.
The Mercury Flow Model provides an environmental management tool that can be used to
improve the management of mercury-containing wastes, inform decisions on mercury product
legislation, and help focus efforts on effective mercury reduction efforts.
Project Partners:
Concerned Auto Recyclers of Wisconsin
Wisconsin Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries
Auto and Scrap Recyclers of Wisconsin
Wisconsin Office of Occupation Safety and Health Administration
Onyx Corporation
Wisconsin Department of Transportation
Wisconsin Department of Motor Vehicles Section
Wisconsin Storm Water Cooperative Compliance Program
Dane County Recycling
Sacred Heart Hospital of Eau Claire, Wisconsin
Northwest Regional Planning Commission
Products:
Outreach products on recycling automotive mercury switches
(http://dnr.wi.gov/org/caer/cea/assistance/scrap/switches/index.htm)
Flow Model and Users Manual for Mercury in Wisconsin and Nationwide
131
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix A
Title: PCB & MERCURY MANAGEMENT IN THE MAUMEE RIVER AOC AND WESTERN LAKE
ERIE BASIN
(FY01-GL9756701-2)
GL9756701.pdf
Organization: EISC, Inc.
Contact:
Richard J. Mazur
EISC, Inc.
5555 Airport Highway, Suite 100
Toledo, Ohio 43615
Telephone: (419) 535-6000
Fax:(419)531-8465
E-mail: mazur@eisc.org
Summary:
Project Statistics:
Award Amount:
Dollars Leveraged
Project Timetable:
Lake Basin(s):
Toxic Stressors:
Toxics Reduced:
Project Type:
$50,000
$2,631
10/01/2001 -
03/31/2005
Erie
Mercury, PCB
Not known
Education/Outreach
EISC worked with small and medium-sized manufacturers to aid in the identification of potential
sources of PCB release and mercury contamination, in addition to helping these companies
develop environmental management programs that eliminates or reduces risk of release of PCBs.
The project manager worked personally and directly with more than 35 different companies.
And, although only an estimate, the project manager worked with more than 100 individuals and
increased their knowledge about proper management of mercury (Hg) industrial wastes. The
services EISC staff provided through this grant encouraged client companies and other
companies in NW Ohio to reduce their PCB and mercury (Hg) industrial-related pollution. EISC
accomplished this by incorporating PCB and Hg pollution prevention training in special
workshops and routine meeting with client companies. EISC also assisted companies in
performing PCB and Hg assessments at their facilities. Depending on the resulting of the
assessment, EISC assisted manufacturing companies in establishing or updating management
plans to prevent PCB and Hg pollution from occurring. EISC also participated in information
sessions sponsored by the local chamber of commerce and presented materials on Hg and PCB to
the participants.
The project team determined that it would be beneficial to solicit assistance from Chambers of
Commerce, Economic Development Agencies, and the like, in northwest Ohio. A list of
"network partners" was developed from the EISC Computer Information System database in
conjunction with research from the internet. The list resulted in 72 Chambers of Commerce and
34 Economic Development Agencies. Introductory letters soliciting assistance were developed
and mailed. EISC received letters/faxes from 2 economic development agencies along with
mailing lists of companies in their areas. The mailing lists were for 19 companies from Van
Wert County and 37 companies from Paulding County. These 56 companies were contacted via
mail and follow-up phone calls to offer assistance. EISC also received phone contact from the
Toledo Metropolitan Area Council of Government (TMACOG) offering suggestions for
identifying industrial participants.
-------
A new mailing list of 353 target companies was compiled from the Harris Directory, EISC/Lake
Erie MEP Computer Information Systems, and other pertinent data sources. The size and age of
these new target companies were the main criteria for selection. The criteria were companies
established between 1880-1975 (thinking that they might still be located in older facilities) with
19-51 employees (smaller companies tend to have insufficient resources for updating electrical
transformers and lighting equipment), and doing business within the Maumee River Valley area
which drains to Lake Erie. A cover letter and information packet were mailed to this second
target market.
Information Packets were made up and distributed to the Sales Team at EISC. Each member of
the Sales Team was contacted to follow up on the information distributed. They were made
aware of our project with the EPA and objectives for assisting companies with PCBs and Hg.
Each member of the sales team was asked to help inform the manufacturing community about
our project and solicit participation. The Sales Team recommended that we offer the PCB and
Hg assessment to EISC member companies. 51 EISC members were subsequently contacted in
July via telephone. From those members contacted, we received 4 requests for the on-site review
and assessment. We also received a request from one company that was referred from the
Paulding County Economic Development organization.
A letter was drafted to inform the new target companies about the existence and potential
hazards of PCBs and Mercury (Hg) in the workplace. The letter included an offer by EISC to
perform an on-site review of each company's status in relation to the subject materials. Sample
information from EPA websites was downloaded and included with the mailing to the target
companies (similar to enclosures with earlier letters to our first target group). The letters and
literature were mailed on June 12, 2002. No unsolicited inquiry/response has been received as a
result of the second targeted mailing.
In addition to the direct mailings and phone calls, the EISC project team developed an article for
our quarterly newsletter, Synergy. The article was published in our Spring 2002 edition. The
Synergy is distributed to approximately 4,500 individuals representing more than 3,000
companies, economic development agencies, government offices, financial institutions and
service providers in Ohio, primarily in the northwest quadrant.
To further communicate to manufacturers in northwest Ohio, our project team developed and
coordinated a Mercury Reduction workshop for presentation in October. We recruited
participation from Dave Heinlen, Safety and Health Coordinator for Bowling Green State
University (BGSU), who oversees the Elemental Mercury Collection Program for northwest
Ohio. Mr. Heinlen agreed to be a presenter at our workshop and include his video tape showing
how easily elemental mercury vaporizes at room temperature. Announcements of the workshop
were posted on the EISC website and were mailed to 470 companies in the region.
EISC conducted more Hg assessments and developed more Hg related management plans than
PCB related work. Hg is generally more common in industry, especially in lighting equipment
and control switches. We did not encounter much Hg in the form or thermostats, manometers,
-------
leveling indicator tubes or laboratory equipment. PCB was also used in lighting equipment but is
appears to us that lighting ballasts containing PCB are not widely in use any longer. Inspections
indicated that the lighting ballasts in use today are typically PCB free. All of the replacement
ballasts for lighting systems in stockrooms no longer contain PCBs and are labeled as free of
PCB.
Environmental Results/Products:
The work EISC and their partners performed under this grant were successful in increasing the
manufacturing community's awareness of the need to prevent PCB and Hg pollution. EISC was
also successful in the development of the initiatives necessary to prevent pollution and
implementation of effective management plans at manufacturing facilities. EISC also increased
the awareness of the community at large to prevent PCB and Hg pollution through out
workshops and communications with Chamber of Commerce and local community
Manufacturing Industry and Commercial Associations in NW Ohio.
During the life of the grant, EISC performed an on-site review of PCB/Hg status for 5 companies
in northwest Ohio, using their expertise and checklist tool. PCB / Hg awareness and
management programs have also been incorporated into 7 on-going ISO 14001 implementation
projects with clients. Other tools are available as part of EISC's Environmental Services, and
are integrated into projects with individual companies where appropriate.
Low Hg fluorescent lighting tubes are widely available and widely used in the industry. Several
manufacturing companies we worked with converted to low mercury fluorescent lighting as a
result of our work with them.
As part of environmental energy efficiency work performed by EISC, several manufacturing
companies converted portions of the lighting in their plants from high intensity discharge metal
halide, HID, to fluorescent lighting. The fluorescent lighting selected is of the T12 or newer T5
design, both available with low mercury bulbs. Conversion from conventional HID lighting to
low mercury fluorescent can significantly decrease the quantity of mercury at a manufacturing
company and will likely result in decrease mercury pollution due to accidents, routine disposal,
etc.
Project Partners:
Paulding County Economic Development Office
Lake Erie MEP Computer Information Systems
Chamber of Commerce (local)
Manufacturing Industry and Commercial Associations in NW Ohio
U.S. Department of Commerce NIST Manufacturing Extension Partnership
Products:
-------
Outreach products for listing Hg & PCB as Environmental Aspect and Impact, including
worksheets for assessing Mercury and PCBs.
An information packet with materials downloaded from USEPA's website for Mercury and
PCBs.
-------
Appendix B
Table 1: Summary of projects funded
Title
Non-Combustion
Emissions of Mercury
in the Great Lakes Air
shed
Mercury Emission
Bank Pilot Project
Defusing the Chlor-
Alkali mercury Time
Bomb
Organization
Dept. of Energy
Oak Ridge
National
Laboratory
The center for
Clean Air Policy
Institute of
European
Environmental
Policy
State
ALL
ALL
ALL
Award
Amount
$100,000.00
$50,000.00
$45,000.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$7,271.00
$110,000.00
$5,000.00
Lake
Basin
ALL
Superior,
Michigan
ALL
Toxic
Reduced
Toxic Stressor
Mercury
Mercury
Mercury
Project Type
Emissions/Source
Characterization
Substance
Removal/Reduction
Substance
Removal/Reduction
130
Pollution Solutions II
-------
Appendix B
Title
The Great Wood Stove
and Fireplace Change
out
TOTAL for all states
Creative Solutions for
Southeast Chicago
Great Printers Project
Campaign for a
Sustainable Calumet
Region
Organization
Hearth Products
Association
Chicago Legal
Clinic
Council of Great
Lakes Governors
Center for
Neighborhood
Technology
State
ALL
IL
IL
IL
Award
Amount
$60,000.00
$255,000.00
$60,000.00
$61,205.00
$89,045.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$71,000.00
$193,271.00
$5,571.00
$3,220.00
$4,686.00
Lake
Basin
ALL
Michigan
ALL
Michigan
Toxic
Reduced
Toxic Stressor
Particulate Matter,
Dioxin
HW, Solvents
Project Type
Substance
Removal/Reduction,
Education/Outreach
Education/Outreach
Education/Outreach
Education/Outreach
131
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix B
Title
Great Lakes Alternative
Cleaning Education
Program
Reducing Mercury
Releases Through P2
in Healthcare Facilities
Health hazard of Ritual
Use of Mercury
Mercury Removal From
the Dental-Unit
Wastewater System
Organization
Center for
Neighborhood
Technology
Illinois EPA
Illinois Dept. of
Public Health
Naval Institute for
Dental and
Biomedical
Research
State
IL
IL
IL
IL
Award
Amount
$76,407.00
$137,750.00
$21,006.00
$130,000.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$229,304.00
$7,247.00
$12,126.00
Lake
Basin
Michigan
Michigan
Michigan
ALL
Toxic
Reduced
Toxic Stressor
Perchloroethylene
Mercury
Mercury
Mercury
Project Type
Innovative Technology
Education/Outreach
Education/Outreach/Rese
arch
Education and Outreach,
Characterization &
Evaluation
132
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix B
Title
Toxic Reductions
through Energy
Efficiency and
Conservation Among
Industrial Boilers
Regional Lawnmower
Buy-Back Program
Dentist Recycling and
Awareness Training
Module
Mercury Reduction
Through Steel
Company Supply
Chain
Organization
Delta Institute
City of Chicago
The Board of
Trustees of the
University of
Illinois
Delta Institute
State
IL
IL
IL
IL
Award
Amount
$75,000.00
$32,400.00
$50,000.00
$40,000.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$3,947.00
$32,298.00
$40,600.00
$7,368.00
Lake
Basin
ALL
Michigan
ALL
Michigan
Toxic
Reduced
Toxic Stressor
Mercury, Dioxins,
Furans, Cadmium
Mercury
Mercury
Project Type
Substance
Removal/Reduction
Substance
Removal/Reduction
Substance
Removal/Reduction
Education/Outreach
133
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix B
Title
Indiana Lake Michigan
Pesticide Clean Sweep
Industrial Waste Water
Operator Pollution
Prevention Training
Household Hazardous
Waste Collection
Program and Pollution
Prevention
Assessments
Auto Industry P2
Project Phase 2
Organization
Purdue University
MDEQ
MDEQ
MDEQ
State
IN
Ml
Ml
Ml
Award
Amount
$23,456.00
$40,000.00
$139,839.00
$76,680.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$1,579.00
$2,105.00
$8,660.00
$48,520.00
Lake
Basin
Michigan
Superior
Superior
Michigan,
Huron,
Superior
Toxic
Reduced
5, 165 Ibs
pesticides
455 Lbs.
Mercury,
8,999 Ibs.
loose pack
pesticide
liquids, 1,1017
Ibs. of
florescent
bulbs
Toxic Stressor
Pesticides, DDT,
Cyano gas, Lead
arsenate, chlordane
Industrial/Municipal
Discharge to
POTWs
HHW, pesticides,
mercury
Mercury
Project Type
Pesticide Clean Sweep,
Education/Outreach
Education/outreach
HHW collection Ag clean
sweep
Education/Outreach
134
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix B
Title
Mercury Reduction and
Pollution Prevention in
Hospitals
Mobilizing/Coordinating
Industry Support of the
Virtual Elimination
Strategy
NGO Involvement in
Implementing Virtual
Elimination
Organization
National Wildlife
Federation
Council of Great
Lakes Industries
National Wildlife
Federation
State
Ml
Ml
Ml
Award
Amount
$41,350.00
$140,000.00
$140,000.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$22,016.00
$12,200.00
$26,237.00
Lake
Basin
ALL
All
ALL
Toxic
Reduced
Toxic Stressor
Mercury
Mercury, PCBs,
HCB, OCS
Mercury, Dioxin
Project Type
Education/Outreach
Education/Outreach
Education/Outreach
135
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix B
Title
Mercury Reduction
Initiatives-Catch the
Fever Exchange
Program
Northern Lake
Michigan and Lake
Superior clean Sweep
Organization
MDEQ
Ml Dept. of
Agriculture
State
Ml
Ml
Award
Amount
$108,100.00
$60,000.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$5,700.00
$3,158.00
Lake
Basin
Michigan,
Huron,
Superior,
Erie
Superior,
Michigan,
Huron
Toxic
Reduced
80 Mercury
Manometers,
640 elemental
Mercury
Thermometers
,7 Ibs
mercury, 14
mercury lab
thermometers
and 3 mercury
thermostats
59,000 lobs.
Pesticides
Toxic Stressor
Mercury
Pesticides
Project Type
Education/Outreach
Program Development
136
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix B
Title
A Community Basted
Mercury Reduction on
the Lake Superior
Basin
1998 Clean Sweep
Emission of Mercury
from Chlor-Alkali Plants
Michigan Mercury
Manometer Disposal
Michigan Clean Sweep
Organization
Marquette County
Mercury
Reduction
Committee
Ml Dept. of
Agriculture
The University of
Michigan
Ml Dept. of
Agriculture
Ml Dept. of
Agriculture
State
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Award
Amount
$36,000.00
$40,000.00
$100,000.00
$40,000.00
$40,000.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$10,800.00
$2,106.00
$7,271.00
$127,000.00
$127,000.00
Lake
Basin
Superior
Michigan,
Erie,
Huron
Michigan
Michigan
Michigan,
Superior,
Huron and
Erie
Toxic
Reduced
700
Thermometers
59,000 Ibs
pesticides
86 Ibs Mercury
96,000 Ibs.
Pesticides
Toxic Stressor
Mercury
pesticides
Mercury
Mercury
Pesticides
Project Type
Education Outreach
Clean Sweep
Substance
Removal/Reduction
Manometer/gauges
Clean Sweep
Pesticide Clean Sweep
137
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix B
Title
Local and Sector-
Based Pollution
Prevention in the BTS
Mobilizing/Coordinating
Industry BNTS
Participation
Catch the Fever-
Michigan Mercury
Thermometer
Exchange Program
Local and Sector
Based Pollution
Prevention
Organization
National Wildlife
Federation
Council of Great
Lakes Industries
MDEQ
National Wildlife
Federation
State
Ml
Ml
Ml
Ml
Award
Amount
$75,000.00
$105,000.00
$68,159.00
$80,000.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$3,023.00
$10,500.00
$3,408.00
$35,277.00
Lake
Basin
Huron,
Michigan
ALL
Michigan,
Huron,
Superior,
Erie
ALL
Toxic
Reduced
520 Ibs
mercury
1061 .20 Ibs.
Mercury
Toxic Stressor
Mercury
Mercury
Project Type
Education/outreach
Education/Outreach
Education/Outreach
Substance
Removal/Reduction,
Education/Outreach
138
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix B
Title
Promoting Pollution
Prevention with Key
Constituencies
Pollution Prevention
and Public Awareness
Campaign for Lakes
Superior and Michigan
Basin
Toxics Pollution
Prevention Mentoring
Organization
National Wildlife
Federation
Minnesota
Pollution Control
Agency
Western Lake
Superior Sanitary
district
State
Ml
MN
MN
Award
Amount
$60,000.00
$160,000.00
$95,000.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$40,576.00
$8,421.00
$5,000.00
Lake
Basin
ALL
Superior
Superior
Toxic
Reduced
Toxic Stressor
Mercury
HHW
Project Type
Program Development
Education/outreach,
HHW Collection
Education/outreach
139
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix B
Title
Mercury/PCB outreach
and Collection Program
and Technical
Assistance
Zero Discharge Pilot
Project
Mercury Reduction
Through Treatment
Chemical selection
Achieving Zero
Discharge in Health
Care
Organization
Minnesota
Pollution Control
Agency
Western Lake
Superior Sanitary
District
Minnesota
Pollution Control
Agency
Western Lake
Superior Sanitary
district
State
MN
MN
MN
MN
Award
Amount
$115,000.00
$100,000.00
$35,000.00
$60,000.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$5,750.00
$519,000.00
$1,750.00
$8,000.00
Lake
Basin
Superior
Superior
Superior
Superior
Toxic
Reduced
17.26Lbs.
Amalgam
Scrap, 33.47
Ibs. Elemental
Mercury
Toxic Stressor
mercury, PCBs
Mercury
Caustic Soda,
Mercury
PBTs/Mercury/Dioxi
n
Project Type
Education/outreach
Education/Outreach/Colle
ction
Substance
Removal/Reduction
Education Outreach
140
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix B
Title
Regional Burn Barrel
Campaign
Mercury-Free Zone
Program
Mercury Pollution
Prevention For
Municipalities and
Small Business
Organization
Western Lake
Superior Sanitary
district
Minnesota
Pollution Control
Agency
Western Lake
Superior Sanitary
district
State
MN
MN
MN
Award
Amount
$75,000.00
$60,000.00
$12,000.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$28,000.00
$3,158.00
$45,000
Lake
Basin
Superior
Superior
Superior
Toxic
Reduced
650 Ibs.
Mercury
Toxic Stressor
Dioxin
Mercury
Mercury
Project Type
Education/outreach,
Substance
Removal/Reduction
Substance
Removal/Reduction,
Education/Outreach
Substance
Removal/Reduction
141
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix B
Title
Phase-Out of
Distribution
Transformers
Suspected to Contain
RGB's at Three Utilities
in the Minnesota
Portion of the Lake
Superior Brain
Erie County Regional
Municipal Pollution
Prevention Program
Organization
Minnesota
Pollution Control
Agency
Western NY
Economic
Development
corporation/Erie
county
State
MN
NY
Award
Amount
$50,000.00
$50,000.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$140,000.00
$6,000.00
Lake
Basin
Superior
Erie
Toxic
Reduced
451 Power
Transformers
Containing
PCBs
Toxic Stressor
PCBs
Project Type
Research
Municipal P2 Program
Development, Training
and Assessment
142
Pollution Solutions II
-------
Appendix B
Title
Local Government
Pollution Prevention
Targeting Project
Erie County Clean
Sweeps II
Rochester Embayment
Watershed Mercury
Pollution Prevention
Program
Organization
Erie County
Department of
Environment and
planning
Erie County
Department of
Environment and
planning
Monroe County
Dept. of Health
State
NY
NY
NY
Award
Amount
$50,000.00
$75,000.00
$61,000.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$6,000.00
$56,000.00
$34,100.00
Lake
Basin
Erie
Erie
Erie
Toxic
Reduced
32,300 Ibs.
pesticides
Toxic Stressor
Pesticides
Mercury
Project Type
Education/Outreach
Ag Clean sweeps
Program Development
143
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix B
Title
Virtual Elimination
Strategy
Implementation
Erie County/Tribe
Environmental
Partnership
Automotive Mercury
Switch Collection
Recycling Project
Mercury Pollution
Prevention in Health
Care Initiative
Organization
Great Lakes
United
County of Erie,
Dept. of
Environment and
Planning
NY State
Department of
Environmental
Conservation
County of Erie,
Dept. of
Environment and
Planning
State
NY
NY
NY
NY
Award
Amount
$160,000.00
$75,000.00
$55,000.00
$70,000.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$8,420.00
$25,000.00
$5,000.00
$25,200.00
Lake
Basin
ALL
Erie
Erie
Erie
Toxic
Reduced
270 Lbs
pesticides 881
Ibs HHW
10.5lbs
Mercury
369 Lbs
mercury, 4436
mercury
thermometers
Toxic Stressor
Dioxin, PCB, HCB
and Mercury
Pesticides and
HHW
Mercury
Mercury
Project Type
Education/Outreach
Clean Sweep
Substance
Removal/Reduction
Substance
Removal/Reduction,
Education/Outreach
144
Pollution Solutions II
-------
Appendix B
Title
Clean Production
Projected for Basin
Communities
PBT-Free Purchasing
in the Great Lakes
State
Erie County Pilot
Computer Recycling
Project
PBT Reduction through
Environmentally
Preferable Purchasing
Organization
Great Lakes
United
INFORM, INC.
Erie County
Department of
Environment and
planning
Erie County
Department of
Environment and
planning
State
NY
NY
NY
NY
Award
Amount
$125,000.00
$33,541.00
$30,000.00
$45,000.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$5,679.00
$5,700.00
$19,220.00
$14,913.00
Lake
Basin
Erie
ALL
Erie
Erie
Toxic
Reduced
5000 mercury
auto switches
200 Ibs.
mercury, 2000
Ibs. benzene
compound
Toxic Stressor
Mercury, Dioxin
Benzene
compound, Mercury
Mercury, Lead,
Phosphorus,
Cadmium
Naphthalene
Mothballs & Flakes
&PBTs
Project Type
Education/Outreach
Information Outreach
Substance
Removal/Reduction
145
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix B
Title
End-Of-Life Vehicle
Program
Sources of RGB's to
the Atmosphere in
Chicago
Ohio Great Lakes
Basin Pretreatment
Pollution Prevention
Organization
Great Lakes
United
Clarkson
University
Ohio EPA
State
NY
NY
OH
Award
Amount
$44,200.00
$91,180.00
$80,000.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$2,326.00
$19,320.00
$4,210.00
Lake
Basin
ALL
Michigan
Erie
Toxic
Reduced
Toxic Stressor
Mercury
PCBs
Project Type
Education/Outreach
Research
Education/outreach
146
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix B
Title
A partnership for
Prevention
Pollution Prevention
Assessments in
Support of the Lake
Superior Bi-national
Program -Technical
Assistance to
Industries
Organization
PA Dept. of Env.
Protection
Wisconsin
department of
natural resources
State
PA
Wl
Award
Amount
$75,000.00
$57,000.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$3,947.00
$3,000.00
Lake
Basin
Erie
Superior
Toxic
Reduced
1,580 Ibs.
elemental
mercury, 200
Ibs mercury
devices, 350
Ibs DDT, 500
Ibs toxaphene,
275 Ibs.
chlordane, 215
Ibs
aldrin/dieldrin
Toxic Stressor
Mercury, DDDT,
Aldrin/Dieldrin,
Toxaphene
mercury, PCBs
Project Type
Education/Outreach
Education/outreach
147
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Appendix B
Title
Pollution Prevention
Education and
Technical Assistance
for the Lake Michigan
and Lake Superior
Basins in Wisconsin
Household Hazardous
Waste Clean Sweep
Collection Program
Organization
UW, Cooperative
Extension, Solid
and Hazardous
Waste Education
Center
Menominee
Indian tribe of Wl
State
Wl
Wl
Award
Amount
$140,028.00
$20,000.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$7,101.00
$2,579.00
Lake
Basin
Michigan,
Superior
Michigan
Toxic
Reduced
Toxic Stressor
Mercury, Lead
Project Type
Education/Outreach
Clean Sweep,
Education/Outreach
148
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Appendix B
Title
Bad River Clean
Sweep
Great Lakes Bi-national
Toxics strategy support
P2 Specialist
Organization
Bad River Band
of Lake Superior
Chippewa
WDNR
State
Wl
Wl
Award
Amount
$22,257.00
$18,400.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$1,236.00
$970.00
Lake
Basin
Superior
Michigan
Toxic
Reduced
6, 160 Ibs
Household
Hazardous
Waste
3,579 Ibs
mercury,
5,539 pounds
of mercury
containing
devices and
104,258
mercury
containing
lamps
Toxic Stressor
Corrosives,
Ethylene Glycol,
Solvents, Cleaners,
Pesticides,
Mercury, Gas/oil,
Batteries, Aerosols,
Contaminated Soil
(special Waste)
Mercury
Project Type
Clean Sweep
Education Outreach
149
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix B
Title
Mercury Manometer
Replacement on Dairy
Equipment
Mercury Education
Program for Schools
PCBs and Electrical
Contractors Workshop
Even Less Mercury in
Schools
Organization
Wl Dept. of
Natural
Resources
Board of
Reagents of the
University of
Wisconsin
City of Superior,
Public Works
Department
UW extension -
Solids &
Hazardous Waste
Education Center
State
Wl
Wl
Wl
Wl
Award
Amount
$80,000.00
$40,000.00
$30,000.00
$96,000.00
Dollars
Leveraged
$4,210.00
$3,023.00
$10,000.00
$5,053.00
Lake
Basin
Superior,
Michigan
Michigan
Superior
ALL
Toxic
Reduced
312 Ibs.
Mercury
520 Ibs
mercury
Toxic Stressor
Mercury
Mercury
PCBs, Mercury,
Asbestos
Mercury
Project Type
Substance
Removal/Reduction
Education/Outreach in
Schools
Education/Outreach
Workshop for Contractors
Education/Outreach
150
Pollution Solutions II
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Appendix C
Table 2: Number of New Projects, Total Dollar Amounts and Dollars Leveraged for GLNPO
Pollution Prevention and Toxics Reduction Grant Assistance, Fiscal Years 1992-2001
Fiscal Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Number of Grants
2
6
8
4
9
12
9
10
10
GLNPO Dollars
$200,000
$536,839
$628,365
$237,350
$864,306
$657,663
$640,000
$594, 100
$518,380
Dollars Leveraged
$10,526
$32,620
$360,042
$576,866
$71,067
$193,990
$323,925
$215,888
$59,868
Table 3: GLNPO Funded Pollution Prevention and Toxics Reduction Grant Dollars by Great
Lakes Basin During Fiscal Years 1992-20012
Basin
Erie
Huron
Michigan
Ontario
Superior
Number of Projects
29
24
38
18
43
GLNPO Dollars
$1,142,656
$434,716
$1,359,375
$284,259
$1,655,993
Dollars Leveraged
$299,866
$113,333
$634,333
$59,869
$1,202,217
2 Note that some projects funded during this period impacted more than one lake basin and are counted multiple
times. These multiple basin projects are represented in the Dollar columns by the estimated proportion of funds
spent in each basin.
Pollution Solutions II
151
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Appendix C
Table 4: GLNPO Funded Pollution Prevention and Toxics Reduction Grant Dollars by Great
Lakes State During Fiscal Years 1992-2001
State
All
IL
IN
MI
MN
OH
NY
PA
WI
Number of Projects
71
11
1
19
11
1
14
1
9
GLNPO Dollars
$4,855,459
$772,813
$23,456
$1,413,584
$762,000
$80,000
$964,921
$80,000
$503,685
Dollars Leveraged
$193,271
$346,367
$1,579
$497,136
$764,079
$4,210
$232,878
$80,000
$37,172
152
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Appendix D
Total Award amount per state
Wl, $503,685.00, 10%
PA, $80,000.00, 2%x
OH, $80,000.00, 2%
NY, $964,921.00, 20%
MN, $762,000.00, 16%
ALL, $255,000.00, 5%
IL, $772,813.00, 16%
IN, $23,456.00, 0%
Ml, $1,413,584.00, 29%
DALL
DIL
DIN
DMI
MN
DNY
OH
DPA
Wl
Total Award amount:
$4,855,459.00
Figure 1: Total Award amount per State FY1992-FY 2001
153
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Appendix D
Dollars Leveraged per State
ALL, $193,271.00, 9%
Wl, $37,172.00, 2% \
PA, $80,000.00, 4% -\
OH, $4,210.00,0%
NY, $232,878.00, 11%
MN, $764,079.00, 35%
IL, $346,367.00, 16%
IN, $1,579.00,0%
Ml, $497,136.00, 23%
DALL
IL
DIN
DMI
MN
DNY
OH
DPA
Wl
Total Award amount:
$2,156,692.00
Figure 2: Dollars Leveraged per Stat FY1992-2001
154
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Appendix D
Pollution Prevention Toxic Stressors -All States
Pesticides, 10, 16%
Dioxin, 6, 10%
PCBs, 7, 11 %
D Mercury
PCBs
D Dioxin
D Pesticides
Mercury, 40, 63%
Figure 3: Pollution Prevention Toxic Stressors - all states FY1992-FY 2001
155
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Appendix D
156
Pollution Solutions II
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