U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
nmental Technoloov Verification
ET
Baghouse Filtration Products
The U.S. EPA Environmental Technology Verification
(ETV) Program's Air Pollution Control Technology
(APCT) Center, operated by RTI International under a
cooperative agreement with EPA has verified the per-
formance of 16 technologies (Table 1) for reducing
emissions of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and has ad-
ditional verifications in progress.1 These technologies
use fabric filters to remove particulate matter (PM) from
stationary emission sources.
Test Description and Results
During verification testing, each product underwent the
following:
• A conditioning period of 10,000 rapid pulse clean-
ing cycles
• A recovery period of 30 normal filtration cycles
• A six-hour performance test period
During all three periods, the products were subjected to
a continuous and constant dust loading. Table 2 sum-
marizes some of the performance data for the individual
baghouse filtration products. Readers may view the full
verification reports at http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/std/
etv/vt-apc.html under Baghouse Filtration Products for the
complete description of the tests and results.
Baghouses and PM2.s at a Glance
Fabric filters, or baghouses, are widely used for
controlling PM from a variety of industrial
sources, including utility, industrial, and com-
mercial/institutional coal and wood boilers,
metals and mineral processing facilities, and
grain milling. Primary particulate emissions
from these industry categories accounted for
13% of the national PM2.5 emissions in 2001.
PM2.5 contributes to serious environmental and
public health problems, including premature
mortality.
To help address the public health effects of
PM2 5, EPA has established a National Ambient
Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for PM2 5. In
April 2005, EPA identified 39 areas of the
country that exceed the current NAAQS for
PM2 5. These areas are required to meet the
NAAQS for PM2.5 by no later than April 2010.
States are required to prepare State Implemen-
tation Plans (SIPs) by April 2008 to describe
how these areas will meet the standards.
Table 1 . Verified Baghouse Filtration Products
Technology Name
Air Purator Corporation, Huyglas® 1405MA
Albany International Corporation, Primatex™ Plus IA
BASF Corporation, AX/BA-14/9-SAXP® 1405MA
BHA Group, Inc. 00061®*
BHA Group, Inc. QP131®*
BWF America, Inc. Grade 700 MPS Polyester®*
BWF America, Inc. Grade 700 MPS Polyester® Felt
Inspec Fibres 551 2BRF®A
Menardi-Criswell 50-504®A
Polymer Group, Inc. DURAPEX™ PETA
Standard Filter Corporation Capture ® PE1 6ZU®A
Tetratec PTFE Technologies Tetratex® 8005A
Tetratec PTFE Technologies Tetratex® 621 2A
W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. L4347®A
W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. L4427®A
W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc. L3650®
Description
An expanded polytetrafluoroethylene film applied to a glass felt for use in hot-gas filtration
A polyethylene terephthalate filtration fabric with a fine fibrous surface layer
A Basofil® filter media
A woven-glass-base fabric with an expanded, microporous polytetrafluoroethylene membrane,
thermally laminated to the filtration/dust cake surface
A polyester needle felt substrate with an expanded, microporous polytetrafluoroethylene mem-
brane, thermally laminated to the filtration/dust-cake surface
Amicropore size, high-efficiency, scrim-supported felt fabric
Amicropore size, high-efficiency, scrim-supported felt fabric
A scrim-supported needle felt
A singed microdenier polyester felt
Anon-scrim-supported 100% polyester, non-woven fabric
A stratified microdenier polyester non-woven product
A polyester scrim-supported needle felt with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane
A polyester needle felt with an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane
An expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane/polyester felt laminate
A membrane/polyester felt laminate
A membrane/fiberglass fabric laminate
A Verifications for baghouse filtration products are valid up to three years from verification date. As such these verifications have expired.
The ETV Program operates largely as a public-private partnership through competitive cooperative agreements with non-profit research institutes. The
program provides objective quality-assured data on the performance of commercial-ready technologies. ETV does not endorse the purchase or sale of any
products and services mentioned in this document.
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Selected Outcomes of Verified Baghouse
Filtration Products
Verification has increased awareness of baghouse
filtration products that could be used to reduce
PM2.5 at the state, local, and user level, with the
following benefits.
• California has adopted a rule (Rule 1156) that
reduces the frequency of required compliance
testing from annually to every five years for
cement manufacturing facilities that use the
ETV-verified baghouse fabrics. EPA's Office
of Air Quality Planning and Standards is pre-
paring a memorandum to encourage EPA
regional offices and other agencies to use the
ETV protocol and to consider adopting simi-
lar regulations.
• The ETV baghouse filtration protocol has
been adopted by ASTM and proposed for
adoption by ISO, a worldwide voluntary stan-
dards organization.
ETV also estimates that the ETV-verified bag-
house filtration products would reduce PM2.5 emis-
sions by 7,600 tons per year, assuming 25% mar-
ket penetration (large facilities only) is achieved in
the 39 areas of the country that exceed the
NAAQS for PM2.5. These PM2.5 reductions would
result in up to 68 avoided cases of premature mor-
tality per year, with an economic value of up to
$450 million per year.
References
U.S. EPA, 2006. ETV Case Studies: Demonstrat-
ing Program Outcomes, Volume II. EPA/600/R-
06/082. September, (primary source), http://
www.epa.gov/etv/pubs/600r6082pv.pdf
U.S. EPA ETV, http://www.epa.gov/etv.
Table 2. Performance of Verified Baghouse Filtration Products
Technology*
Outlet Particle
Concentration6
(g/dscm x 10-6)
PM2.5
Total
Mass
Residual
Pressure Drop
(cm w.g.)
Residual
Pressure Drop
Increase
(cm w.g.)
Membrane Fabrics
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
50
5.1
13
4.7
15
2.0
6.8
<2
120
23
22
11
23
2.0
38
<2
8.5
7.4
4.9
5.8
9.4
6.2
6.2
2.4
1.2
0.79
0.42
0.41
1.2
0.56
0.44
0.18
Non-membrane Fabrics
1
J
K
L
M
N
0
P
32
19
42
9.4
270
10.4
380
20
68
70
68
19
270
16
420
20
7.0
15
13
15
11
6.8
12
4.1
1.7
7.8
5.3
6.0
4.3
1.1
5.1
0.34
A Because the ETV Program does not compare technologies, the perform-
ance results shown in this table do not identify the vendor associated with
each result and are not in the same order as the list of technologies in
Table 1.
BThe Inlet Particle Concentration is 18.4 ±3.6 g/dscm (grams per dry
standard cubic meter) for this test.
cm w.g. = cm (water gauge)
ETV Air Pollution Control
Technology Center
Michael Kosusko, EPA Project Officer
kosusko.mike(£jepa.gov
Tel: (919) 541-2734
Andrew Trenholm, RTI International
atrenholm@rti.org
Tel: (919)316-3742
Installing a fabric swatch in the test apparatus at ETS Incorporated
EPA/600/F-06/019
November 2006
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